bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change, complexity, and policy design
Authors: Braunerhjelm Pontus , Hepburn Cameron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The challenges of combatting climate change are unprecedented and now very urgent. Current approaches are not working fast enough. This paper, and this journal issue, conceive of the challenge as one of non-marginal structural and institutional change. Several different conceptual frameworks and pluralist theories are considered, emanating from complexity theory, economics, natural sciences, political economy, and strategy. These are deployed to identify potential accelerators, including synergies between climate action and other key political issues, and beneficial non-linear dynamics such as shifts in consumer preferences and technology learning curves. The delays in action also mean that removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is now necessary, and even unconventional geoengineering approaches may need to be considered. A pluralist and practical approach to climate action, accounting for different institutional and social contexts across countries, is argued to be required to accelerate action.
Development of a fast-response Parallel-Plate Avalanche Counter with strip-readout for heavy-ion beams
Authors: Hanai Shutaro , Ota Shinsuke , Kojima Reiko , Masuoka Shoichiro , Dozono Masanori , Imai Nobuaki , Michimasa Shin’ichiro , Shimoura Susumu , Zenihiro Juzo , Inaba Kento , Hijikata Yuto , Longhi Ru , Nakajima Ryo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A strip-readout parallel-plate avalanche counter (SR-PPAC) has been developed with the aim of high-detection efficiency and good position resolution in high-intensity heavy-ion measurements. The performance was evaluated using 115 MeV u-1 132Xe, 300 MeV u-1 132Sn, and 300 MeV u-1 48Ca beams. A detection efficiency of greater than 99 percent for these beams is achieved even at an incident beam intensity of 0.7 million particles per second. The best position resolution achieved is 100 µm.
Development of the Mandarin Digit-in-Noise Test and Examination of the Effect of the Number of Digits Used in the Test
Authors: Wang Shangqiguo , Wong Lena L. N. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
The study aimed to develop and validate the Mandarin digit-in-noise (DIN) test using four digit (i.e., two-, three-, four-, and five-digit) sequences. Test-retest reliability and criterion validity were evaluated. How the number of digits affected the results was examined. The research might lead to more informed choice of DIN tests for populations with specific cognitive needs such as memory impairment.

Design:
The International Collegium of Rehabilitative Audiology guideline for developing the DIN was adapted to create test materials. The test-retest reliability and psychometric function of each digit sequence were determined among young normal-hearing adults. The criterion validity of each digit sequence was determined by comparing the measured performance of older adult hearing aid users with that obtained from two other well-established sentence-in-noise tests: the Mandarin hearing-in-noise test and the Mandarin Chinese matrix test. The relation between the speech reception thresholds (SRTs) of each digit sequence of the DIN test and working memory capacity measured using the digit span test and the reading span test were explored among older adult hearing aid users. Together, the study sample consisted of 54 young normal-hearing adults and 56 older adult hearing aid users.

Results:
The slopes associated with the two-, three-, four-, and five-digit DIN test were 16.58, 18.79, 20.42, and 21.09 %/dB, respectively, and the mean SRTs were −11.11, −10.99, −10.56, and −10.02 dB SNR, respectively. Test-retest SRTs did not differ by more than 0.74 dB across all digit sequences, suggesting good test-retest reliability. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients between SRTs obtained using the DIN across the four digit (i.e., two-, three-, four-, and five-digit) sequences and the two sentence-in-noise tests were uniformly high (r

s
= 0.9) across all participants, when data from all participants were considered. Results from the digit span test and reading span test correlated significantly with the results of the five-digit sequences (r

s
= −0.37 and −0.42, respectively) but not with the results of the two-, three-, and four-digit sequences among older hearing aid users.

Conclusions:
While the three-digit sequence was found to be appropriate for clinical use for assessment of auditory perception, the two-digit sequence could be used for hearing screening. The five-digit sequence could be difficult for older hearing aid users, and with its SRT related to working memory capacity, its use in the evaluation of speech perception should be investigated further. The Mandarin DIN test was found to be reliable, and the findings are in line with SRTs obtained using standardized sentence tests, suggesting good criterion validity.
Evaluating ChatGPT on Orbital and Oculofacial Disorders: Accuracy and Readability Insights
Authors: Balas Michael , Janic Ana , Daigle Patrick , Nijhawan Navdeep , Hussain Ahsen , Gill Harmeet , Lahaie Gabriela L. , Belliveau Michel J. , Crawford Sean A. , Arjmand Parnian , Ing Edsel B. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To assess the accuracy and readability of responses generated by the artificial intelligence model, ChatGPT (version 4.0), to questions related to 10 essential domains of orbital and oculofacial disease.

Methods:
A set of 100 questions related to the diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of orbital and oculofacial diseases was posed to ChatGPT 4.0. Responses were evaluated by a panel of 7 experts based on appropriateness and accuracy, with performance scores measured on a 7-item Likert scale. Inter-rater reliability was determined via the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results:
The artificial intelligence model demonstrated accurate and consistent performance across all 10 domains of orbital and oculofacial disease, with an average appropriateness score of 5.3/6.0 (“mostly appropriate” to “completely appropriate”). Domains of cavernous sinus fistula, retrobulbar hemorrhage, and blepharospasm had the highest domain scores (average scores of 5.5 to 5.6), while the proptosis domain had the lowest (average score of 5.0/6.0). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.74), reflecting moderate inter-rater reliability. The responses exhibited a high reading-level complexity, representing the comprehension levels of a college or graduate education.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the potential of ChatGPT 4.0 to provide accurate information in the field of ophthalmology, specifically orbital and oculofacial disease. However, challenges remain in ensuring accurate and comprehensive responses across all disease domains. Future improvements should focus on refining the model’s correctness and eventually expanding the scope to visual data interpretation. Our results highlight the vast potential for artificial intelligence in educational and clinical ophthalmology contexts.
Rotational stability of a new hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens platform
Authors: Werner Liliana , Hawn Vivian S. , Bundogji Nour , Eid Kevin , Kelkar Neil , Renschler Andy , Mamalis Nick 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate rotational stability for ease of rotation of a new intraocular lens (IOL) platform with 4 haptics in an ex vivo model and compare it with a control single-piece lens with 2 open loops.

Setting:
Intermountain Ocular Research Center, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
10 human cadaver eyes were prepared as per the Miyake-Apple technique. After injection of the test or control lens, clockwise and counterclockwise rotations were attempted with a hook, with and without an ophthalmic viscosurgical device in place. Ease of rotation was scored as (1) very easy, (2) easy, (3) difficult, and (4) very difficult. Rotation of the entire eye containing test or control IOL was also performed with a multipurpose rotator (2 minutes; 220 revolutions per minute) to evaluate its effect on IOL alignment.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences regarding ease of rotation between test and control lenses in all 4 scenarios, with rotation being more difficult with the test lens (P < .05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). No change in the alignment of test or control lenses was observed after eye rotation with the multipurpose rotator.

Conclusions:
The new IOL platform showed greater rotational stability than the control lens in this model, owing to design features such as 4 small arcs of contact between the haptics and the bag equator, a bulge at the distal end of each haptic, and arcuate haptics with curvatures oriented toward each other.
Major adverse cardiovascular events of vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors among patients with different malignancy: A systemic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yen-Chou , Chen Jin-Hua , Hsieh Fang-I 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs) are a common cancer treatment. However, the pharmacologic characteristics of VEGF-TKIs may influence cardiovascular risks. The relative risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) associated with VEGF-TKIs are poorly understood.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until August 31, 2021, for phase II/III randomized controlled trials of 11 VEGF-TKIs (axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, pazopanib, ponatinib, ripretinib, regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tivozanib, and vandetanib). The endpoints were heart failure, thromboembolism, and cardiovascular death. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the risk of VEGF-TKI among users by comparing it to nonusers. Pairwise meta-analyses with a random-effects model were used to estimate the risks of the various VEGF-TKIs. We estimated ranked probability with a P-score and assessed credibility using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis framework.

Results:
We identified 69 trials involving 30 180 patients with cancer. The highest risk of MACEs was associated with high-potency tivazonib (odds ratio [OR]: 3.34), lenvatinib (OR: 3.26), and axitinib (OR: 2.04), followed by low-potency pazopanib (OR: 1.79), sorafenib (OR: 1.77), and sunitinib (OR: 1.66). The risk of heart failure significantly increased in association with less-selective sorafenib (OR: 3.53), pazopanib (OR: 3.10), and sunitinib (OR: 2.65). The risk of thromboembolism significantly increased in association with nonselective lenvatinib (OR: 3.12), sorafenib (OR: 1.54), and sunitinib (OR: 1.53). Higher potency (tivozanib, axitinib) and lower selectivity (sorafenib, vandetanib, pazopanib, sunitinib) were associated with a higher probability of heart failure. Low selectivity (lenvatinib, cabozantinib, sorafenib, sunitinib) was associated with a higher probability of thromboembolism.

Conclusion:
Higher-potency and lower-selectivity VEGF-TKIs may influence the risks of MACEs, heart failure, and thromboembolism. These findings may facilitate evidence-based decision-making in clinical practice.
Correlation between baseline immature platelets fraction levels and peak troponin in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Roguin Nir , Dahan Shani , Reiner-Benaim Anat , Laish-Farkash Avishag , Yahud Ella , Kogan Yonatan , Vasilenko Luba , Lev Eli I. , Ben-Assa Eyal 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Elevated peak cardiac troponin levels have been linked with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Immature Platelets are young and relatively large platelets that are hyper-reactive and pro-thrombotic compared to regular platelets. Increased immature platelet fraction (IPF) has been associated with an elevated risk of thrombotic events. We hypothesize that patients with higher IPF levels during AMI, will experience a more severe infarct, leading to elevated peak troponin levels.

Methods
Clinical data from patients admitted to the cardiology division between 2018 and 2022, who were diagnosed with AMI and underwent an IPF testing. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of elevated peak troponin.

Results
Among the 277 patients diagnosed with AMI who underwent IPF testing, 113 had (STEMI) and 164 had (NSTEMI). The median value of IPF of 4.2% was used as the threshold for defining elevated IPF. Notably, among STEMI patients, those with IPF ≥ 4.2% had significantly higher peak troponin levels (P = 0.021). Conversely, no significant difference in peak troponin levels was observed among NSTEMI patients (P = 0.348). Multivariate analysis identified patients with STEMI in the higher IPF group as one of the significant predictors for elevated peak troponin levels.

Conclusion
This study revealed a correlation between higher baseline IPF levels and increased peak troponin levels specifically in STEMI patients, while no such association was found in NSTEMI patients. Incorporating IPF levels above the median into risk stratification scores for STEMI patients may provide valuable support for adopting a more proactive therapeutic approach.
Improvement of autistic-like behaviors in adult rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid through early suppression of orexin receptor
Authors: Piri Fatemeh , Salmani Mahmoud Elahdadi , Sepehri Hamid 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disabling psychiatric disease characterized by impairments in communication and social skills. The pathophysiology of autism is complex and not fully known. Considering the incidence of sleep disorders in individuals with ASD and the important role of orexin in sleep, it is possible to hypothesize that an alteration of the orexinergic system could be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism symptoms. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of suvorexant [dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs)] on autism-like behavior in prenatally valproic acid (VPA)-exposed rats].

Methods:
Wistar female rats were administered VPA [600 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or normal saline (10 ml/kg, i.p.; vehicle control) on gestational day 12.5. Thirty-two male offspring were divided into four groups: Control, VPA, Suvorexant+VPA, and VPA+Risperidone. The pups were given suvorexant [20 ml/kg, by mouth/orally (p.o.)] or risperidone (1 ml/kg, p.o.) daily from postnatal day (PND) (40–54). The offspring were tested for repetitive behaviors and cognitive ability with a Y-maze task on PND 55, and social interaction was assessed by play behavior in the open field on PND 56. And anxiety with using the three-chamber social assay on PND 56.

Results:
In the Y-maze apparatus, spontaneous alteration significantly decreased in the prenatal VPA-treated rats compared to control rats showing autistic-like behavior, and 2-week suvorexant increased the alternation, indicating the beneficial effect of suvorexant. Prenatal treatment with VPA, impaired play behavior (sniffing, grooming, and darting), and increased anxiety-related behavior. Suvorexant treatment attenuated the problems in male offspring’s social behavior.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that suvorexant improved ASD-associated behaviors in the VPA-treated rats, and the orexinergic system may be associated with the pathogenesis of autism symptoms.
QuantiFERON-CMV as a Predictor of CMV Events During Preemptive Therapy in CMV-seropositive Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Reusing José O. , Agena Fabiana , Kotton Camille N. , Campana Gustavo , Pierrotti Ligia Camera , David-Neto Elias 
Published: November 2023

Background.
Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after kidney transplantation is costly and burdensome.

Methods.
Given its promising utility in risk stratification, we evaluated the use of QuantiFERON-CMV (QFCMV) and additional clinical variables in this prospective cohort study to predict the first clinically significant CMV infection (CS-CMV, ranging from asymptomatic viremia requiring treatment to CMV disease) in the first posttransplant year. A cost-effectiveness analysis for guided prevention was done.

Results.
One hundred adult kidney transplant recipients, CMV IgG+, were given basiliximab induction and maintained on steroid/mycophenolate/tacrolimus with weekly CMV monitoring. Thirty-nine patients developed CS-CMV infection (viral syndrome, n = 1; end-organ disease, n = 9; and asymptomatic viremia, n = 29). A nonreactive or indeterminate QFCMV result using the standard threshold around day 30 (but not before transplant) was associated with CS-CMV rates of 50% and 75%, respectively. A higher QFCMV threshold for reactivity (>1.0 IU interferon-γ/mL) outperformed the manufacturer’s standard (>0.2 IU interferon-γ/mL) in predicting protection but still allowed a 16% incidence of CS-CMV. The combination of recipient age and type of donor, along with posttransplant QFCMV resulted in a prediction model that increased the negative predictive value from 84% (QFCMV alone) to 93%. QFCMV-guided preemptive therapy was of lower cost than preemptive therapy alone (P < 0.001, probabilistic sensitivity analysis) and was cost-effective (incremental net monetary benefit of 210 USD) assuming willingness-to-pay of 2000 USD to avoid 1 CMV disease.

Conclusions.
Guided CMV prevention by the prediction model with QFCMV is cost-effective and would spare from CMV surveillance in 42% of patients with low risk for CS-CMV.
Some remarks on the solution of the cell growth equation
Authors: Mirotin Adolf R. 
Published: November 2023

A process of growth and division of cells is modelled by an initial boundary value problem that involves a first-order linear functional partial differential equation, the so-called sell growth equation. The analytical solution to this problem was given in the paper Zaidi
et al.
(Zaidi
et al
. 2015 Solutions to an advanced functional partial differential equation of the pantograph type (
Proc. R. Soc. A
471
, 20140947 (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0947
)). In this note, we simplify the arguments given in the paper mentioned above by using the theory of operator semigroups. This theory enables us to prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution and to express this solution in terms of Dyson–Phillips series. The asymptotics of the solution is also discussed from the point of view of the theory of operator semigroups.
Hybrid cyber-attack compensation of sustainable microgrid using active disturbance rejection control strategy
Authors: Sharma Komal , Yadav Anil Kumar , Sharma Bharat Bhushan 
Published: November 2023

A modified active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy for the frequency regulation of sustainable microgrid against hybrid cyber-attacks is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique mitigates the effect of attacks which in turn regulates the frequency of microgrid. The sustainable microgrid consists of solar and wind as renewable energy sources, energy storage systems (ESSs) like battery ESS and flywheel ESS, and controllable sources of energy like fuel cell and diesel generator. The cyber-attacks such as false data injection, denial-of-service and time delay attack are considered for designing the proposed ADRC technique. The robustness of the microgrid system with the proposed controller is investigated by varying generation and load, stochastic nature of attacks, parametric uncertainties and generation rate constraint and governor dead band nonlinearities. Further, the stability analysis of the microgrid with proposed ADRC is investigated under the aforementioned cyber-attacks using the small gain theorem.
Pan-Enterovirus Characterization Reveals Cryptic Circulation of Clinically Relevant Subtypes in Arizona Wastewater
Authors: Erickson Daryn E. , Simmons Kyle M. , Barrand Zachary A. , Ridenour Chase L. , Hawkinson Paige B. , Lemke Lacey , Sellner Shayne P. , Brock Breezy N. , Rivas Alexis N. , Sheridan Krystal , Lemmer Darrin , Yaglom Hayley D. , Porter W. Tanner , Belanger Monique , Torrey Rachel M. , Stills Aidan James R. , McCormack Kiley , Black Matt , Holmes Wydale , Rostain Drew , Mikus Jeremy , Sotelo Kimberly , Haq Emmen , Neupane Reshma , Weiss Joli , Johnson Jasmine , Collins Clancey , Avalle Sarah , White Chelsi , Howard Brandon J. , Maltinsky Sara A. , Whealy Ryann N. , Gordon Nathaniel B. , Sahl Jason W. , Pearson Talima , Fofanov Viacheslav Y. , Furstenau Tara , Driebe Elizabeth M. , Caporaso J. Gregory , Barber Jarrett , Terriquez Joel , Engelthaler David M. , Hepp Crystal M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundMost seasonally circulating enteroviruses result in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections. In rare cases, however, infection with some subtypes can result in paralysis or death. Of the 300 subtypes known, only poliovirus is reportable, limiting our understanding of the distribution of other enteroviruses that can cause clinical disease.ObjectiveThe overarching objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the distribution of enteroviruses in Arizona during the late summer and fall of 2022, the time of year when they are thought to be most abundant, and 2) demonstrate the utility of viral pan-assay approaches for semi-agnostic discovery that can be followed up by more targeted assays and phylogenomics.MethodsThis study utilizes pooled nasal samples collected from school-aged children and long-term care facility residents, and wastewater from multiple locations in Arizona during July–October of 2022. We used PCR to amplify and sequence a region common to all enteroviruses, followed by species-level bioinformatic characterization using the QIIME 2 platform. For Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68), detection was carried out using RT-qPCR, followed by confirmation using near-complete whole EV-D68 genome sequencing using a newly designed tiled amplicon approach.ResultsIn the late summer and early fall of 2022, multiple enterovirus species were identified in Arizona wastewater, with Coxsackievirus A6, EV-D68, and Coxsackievirus A19 composing 86% of the characterized reads sequenced. While EV-D68 was not identified in pooled human nasal samples, and the only reported acute flaccid myelitis case in Arizona did not test positive for the virus, an in-depth analysis of EV-D68 in wastewater revealed that the virus was circulating from August through mid-October. A phylogenetic analysis on this relatively limited dataset revealed just a few importations into the state, with a single clade indicating local circulation.SignificanceThis study further supports the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology to identify potential public health threats. Our further investigations into EV-D68 shows how these data might help inform healthcare diagnoses for children presenting with concerning neurological symptoms.