bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RATE OF FALL IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE AND TIME TO ABORTION FOLLOWING INTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α WITH OR WITHOUT UREA, IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Walker Sheila M. , Flint A. P. F. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProgesterone concentrations have been determined in a total of 175 peripheral plasma samples obtained serially from 20 women undergoing mid‐trimester abortion. In ten patients abortion was induced by intra‐amniotic administration of 50 mg. of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) alone; in ten others it was induced with 50 mg. of intra‐amniotic PGF2α with 80 g. of urea. Mean instillation‐abortion intervals were 29.0 hours in the group receiving PGF2α alone and 12.1 hours in the groups receiving PGF2α and urea. In eight of the patients treated with PGF2α and urea, and in four of those treated with PGF2α alone, there were significant decreases in progesterone level (determined by calculation of correlation coefficients) during the instillation‐abortion interval. When plotted against instillation‐abortion times, calculated rates of decrease in peripheral plasma progesterone levels showed a statistically significant regression (p<0.05). This indicates that progesterone levels drop most rapidly in patients with shorter instillation‐abortion times. There was no relationship between initial progesterone levels and instillation‐abortion times.
AN OPERATION FOR RESTORATION OF URINARY CONTINENCE FOLLOWING TOTAL LOSS OF THE URETHRA
Authors: Hudson C. N. , deV Hendrickse J. P. , Ward Anne 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐three patients with urethral loss have been treated by the simple creation of a “spout” from the bladder wall. The procedure is suggested for the surgical treatment of lymphopathia venereum and for consideration in certain other conditions when urinary diversion is unacceptable.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE IN PREGNANCY CASE REPORT
Authors: Hughes T. B. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMyocardial infarction is a rare complication of pregnancy, only 45 proven cases having been reported. In only one patient was rheumatic heart disease an associa‐ted factor (Goldberger and Pokress, 1950).
VAGINOPLASTY AT THE CHELSEA HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN: A COMPARISON OF TWO TECHNIQUES
Authors: Feroze R. M. , Dewhurst C. J. , Welply G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results have been compared of 37 McIndoe‐Read operations and 39 Williams' operations carried out at the Chelsea Hospital for Women. The Mclndoe‐Read procedures comprised 28 primary operations for congenital absence of the vagina, five repeat procedures and four operations for other conditions; the Williams' procedures comprised 27 primary operations, four operations following the previous vaginoplasty and eight operations following other procedures. The results favoured the Williams' vulvovaginoplasty. Special mention must be made of the dangers of repeating the McIndoe‐Read procedure and of the fact that the vagina constructed by the Williams' technique showed no tendency to contract if intercourse did not occur.
RELATION BETWEEN PLACENTAL SITE AND LENGTH OF GESTATION
Authors: Harris V. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo theories related to uterine action have been brought together to see whether the site of placental implantation influences the onset of labour: (1) that uterine contractions begin asymmetrically from a “pacemaker” in one uterine horn, and (2) that progesterone from the placenta blocks myometrial contractility primarily at the site of implantation. Case records were examined of 182 patients who had placental locations performed and who had a spontaneous onset of labour. Where the placenta was implanted in the right upper quadrant of the uterus labour occurred on average four days sooner than when it was implanted in the left upper quadrant: the difference was statistically significant.
PLASMA SEX STEROID AND GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLES
Authors: Dodson Kay S. , Coutts J. R. T. , Macnaughton M. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySensitive and specific displacement analysis methods for the assay of steroid hormones in small volumes of plasma are described. Plasma sex steroid and gonadotrophin hormone patterns were determined throughout a number of normal menstrual cycles. The mean cycles showed patterns which were similar to those described by other workers. However, examination of individual cycles provided information which may contribute to our understanding of menstrual cycle regulation with particular reference to the pattern of 17a‐hydroxyprogesterone and steroid‐gonadotrophin interactions.
INFERTILITY IN WOMEN WITH APPARENTLY OVULATORY CYCLES
Authors: Dodson Kay S. , Macnaughton M. C. , Coutts J. R. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySix infertile patients had been studied previously (Dodson et al., 1975b) and were shown to produce inefficient corpora lutea which appeared to be predetermined by ovulation of “poorly grown” follicles. In a second cycle these infertile patients were treated with 50 mg of clomiphene per day for five days. The resulting plasma sex steroid and gonadotrophin profiles were compared with those found before treatment and with the profiles in normal patients (Dodson et al., 1975a). Treatment with clomiphene appeared to produce increased follicular growth and more active corpora lutea.Thanks are due to Dr. Philip England, Research Department, Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital, who supervised the LH assays; Mr. Alan Craig, Searle Scientific Services, who supervised the FSH assays; Dr. P. D. G. Dean for a gift of oestradiol antiserum; Mr. W. McNally, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, for art work and the Medical Research Council for financial support (MRC 971/222/C).
CHANGES IN THE RENIN‐ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Symonds E. M. , Pipkin F. Rroughton , Craven D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma renin concentration, renin activity and angiotensin II (AII) have been studied in 35 primigravidae at or near term immediately prior to surgical induction of labour. A highly significant positive correlation was established between diastolic blood pressure at the time of sample collection and plasma AII. This relationship was observed over the range of diastolic pressure studied irrespective of the diagnosis made at the time of admission to hospital. In patients with hypertension, a significant negative relationship was established between plasma renin concentration and renin activity and AII. Furthermore, plasma AII levels were higher for a given plasma renin activity or plasma renin concentration in the hypertensive women than in the normotensive group. These findings suggest that the renin‐angiotensin system is actively involved in hypertensive disease of pregnancy and that suppressed levels of renin concentration and activity may result from elevated angiotensin levels. It is suggested that the utero‐placental complex may be the source of the elevated AII levels.
ASSESSMENT OF PLACENTAL FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PREGNANCIES BY ESTIMATION OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL LEVELS AFTER INJECTION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE
Authors: Korda A. R. , Challis Janice J. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA test of placental function was assessed by measurement of plasma oestradiol levels in 32 patients after intravenous injection of 50 mg dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS). Every pregnant patient showed a rise in plasma oestradiol after DHAS; two puerperal patients showed no rise. It was not possible to distinguish the variable response in normal pregnancy from that in patients with severe hypertension and proteinuria or with retarded intrauterine fetal growth. The test was of no value in one hypertensive patient as a predictor of fetal death eight da ys later or, in another, to confirm fetal death of two days duration. Our results do not suggest that this test is a useful addition to currently available tests of placental endocrine function.
ESTIMATION OF FETAL WEIGHT FROM ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF TRUNK CIRCUMFERENCE
Authors: Higginbottom J. , Slater J. , Porter G. , Whitfield C. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new method of estimating fetal weight from the circumference of the fetal trunk, measured by ultrasound, is described. Comparison of weights estimated in this way with the actual birth weights of 50 fetuses, delivered not more than 48 hours later, shows a mean error in prediction of only 75 g, and in 94 per cent the error was less than 145 g. With such accuracy, the method is of clinical value, particularly in anticipating difficult delivery and in monitoring growth of the fetus at risk.
FAILURE OF HEPARIN THERAPY TO AFFECT THE CLINICAL COURSE OF SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Howie P. W. , Prentice C. R. M. , Forbes C. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn view of the association between pre‐eclampsia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, three patients presenting with severe pre‐eclampsia before the 28th week of pregnancy were treated with heparin. In all three patients, there was deterioration of hypertension and proteinuria that necessitated the withdrawal of treatment after five to six days. During treatment, serum and urinary fibrinolytic degradation products (FDPs) continued to rise or remained unaltered, plasminogen levels showed a steady fall, and the platelet count remained at a reduced level. These data suggest that heparin was an ineffective form of treatment and did not prevent the intravascular fibrin deposition associated with severe pre‐eclampsia.
THE DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE PLACENTA, MYOMETRIUM, AND DECIDUA OF 24Na‐LABELLED HYPERTONIC SALINE SOLUTION FOLLOWING INTRA‐AMNIOTIC OR EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC INJECTION
Authors: Gustavii B. 
Published: August 2005

Summary 24Na‐labelled hypertonic saline solution was injected into the uterus by the intra‐amniotic or the extra‐amniotic route, and six hours later determinations were made of the 24Na content of the placenta, myometrium, and decidua. The tissue specimens were obtained by subtotal hysterectomy. The activity of 24Na proved to be high in the decidua and in the fetal part of the placenta, but low in the myometrium. During labour, large amounts of prostaglandins have been found in the decidua, but little or none in the placenta. The present findings therefore lend further support to the assumption that hypertonic saline solution provokes abortion by inducing release of lysosomal phospholipase A, into the cytoplasm of damaged decidual cells, resulting in prostaglandin synthesis and liberation.
TERBUTALINE INHIBITION OF MIDTRIMESTER UTERINE ACTIVITY INDUCED BY PROSTAGLANDIN F2αAND HYPERTONIC SALINE
Authors: Anderson K.‐E. , Bengtsson L. Ph. , Ingemarsson I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of the beta receptor stimulator, terbutaline, on uterine activity induced by intra‐amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2αor hypertonic saline was investigated in 20 patients undergoing therapeutic abortion in the second trimester. Intrauterine pressure was recorded, and the basal tone, intensity and frequency of contractions and “total” activity (expressed in Montevideo Units or MU), were measured. Uterine activity was higher in the prostaglandin group (mean value 393 MU) than in the hypertonic saline group (mean value 238 MU). However, terbutaline, infused at a rate of 5 to 20 μg/minute, decreased the activity by approximately the same absolute amount in the two groups to a mean value of 214 MU in the prostaglandin group and to 68 MU in the saline group. In some patients of the saline group, terbutaline completely inhibited uterine contractions. Basal tone, which was high in the prostaglandin group (mean value 28 mm Hg) decreased to a mean value of 17 mm Hg during terbutaline infusion. In the saline group the mean value for basal tone decreased from 10.5 to 7.5 mm Hg. It is concluded that uterine activity, induced by intra‐amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2αor hypertonic saline, can be inhibited by terbutaline. The mechanisms of action for prostaglandins and hypertonic saline are discussed.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON SERUM OESTRADIOL, PROLACTIN, AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE LEVELS IN PUERPERAL WOMEN
Authors: Nader S. , Kjeld J. M. , Blair C. M. , Tooley M. , Gordon H. , Fraser T. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNine normal women were examined in the first 11 days of the puerperium. Serum prolactin, oestradiol and follicle simulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured and the FSH response to 100μg of intravenously administered follicle stimulating hormone/lutenizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH/FSH‐RH) was assessed on day 1 post partum in five subjects and on days 4 (two subjects), 6 and 7 post partum in the other four subjects. Bromocriptine therapy was given to six of these women and four to seven days after the start of such therapy, when prolactin levels had faIlen to normal non‐pregnant levels, these women were retested. Before bromo criptine treatment, the basal FSH levels were unmeasurable in six and low in one other of the nine subjects. After bromocriptine treatment, the basal FSH levels were measurable in four out of six patients and were higher than in the untreated patients (P<0.0l). The FSH response to LH/FSH‐RH was unmeasurable in eight out of nine before treatment, which is less than the response seen in 26 normal men and women (P<0.01), There was also no discernible FSH response to LH/FSH‐RH after treatment with bromocriptine. Before treatment with bromocriptine, the serum prolactin levels were elevated in all nine women but were within the normal range for non‐pregnant women after three days of bromo criptine therapy. Thus postpartum gonadotrophin suppression seemed to depend on high prolactin levels and at least part of the antigonadotrophic action of prolactin seemed to be at pituitary level.
ULTRASONIC “B” SCANNING AS A PREGNANCY TEST AFTER LESS THAN SIX WEEKS AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Blackwell R. J. , Shirley I. , Farman D. J. , Micheal C. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySixty patients with less than six weeks amenorrhoea were examined by ultrasonic “B” scanning for the detection of pregnancy. The results were compared with those obtained by histological examination of the aspirate after the patient had undergone menstrual regulation by vacuum aspiration of the uterine contents. The overall accuracy was 79 per cent with 15 per cent false positives. The accuracy after 39 days amenorrhoea was 95 per cent. The technique was compared with an immunological pregnancy test.
CONTINUOUS PETHIDINE/DIAZEPAM INFUSION DURING LABOUR AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE NEWBORN
Authors: Eliot B. W. , Hill J. G. , Cole A. P. , Hailey D. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis paper presents a study comparing the effects on the mother and baby of a continuous intravenous infusion of pethidine and diazepam and of intramuscular pethidine and promazine. It is concluded that the administration of intravenous pethidine and diazepam is safe in labour provided that diazepam has not been given during the previous week.
METABOLISM OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α WITHIN THE HUMAN UTERUS IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Keires M. J. N. C. , Williamson J. G. , Turnbul A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe potential for intra‐uterine metabolism of prostaglandins in early pregnancy was studied by incubation of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) with tissues obtained by termination hysterectomy at 7 and 16 weeks gestation. Enzymes regulating the degradation of prostaglandins were demonstrated in placenta and membranes and to a lesser extent, in myometrium and decidua. It is believed that these enzymes may have a physiological rôle in maintaining the continuity of pregnancy, and that the high degradation of PGF2α in placenta and membranes may be one of the reasons that, for termination of pregnancy, far higher doses are required intra‐amniotically than extra‐amniotically.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF A “SHORT PERIOD” TO CONCEPTION
Authors: McCarthy T. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe case records were examined of 918 patients delivered in 1963 at a London hospital. Comparisons were made between 52 patients who had a “short period” following the presumed date of conception and 155 randomly selected control patients. Patients who had a “short period” showed a significantly higher rate for the induction of labour (p<0.025) and a lower infant birthweight (0.1<p<0.2). Calculation of the menstruation‐delivery interval using the “short period” rather than the last full period, gave a closer approximation to the duration of pregnancy found in the random control series of 155 patients.
A NEW METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF FETAL WEIGHT IN LATE PREGNANCY BY ULTRASONIC SCANNING
Authors: Lunt R. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe biparietal diameter and area of the fetal skull, and the area of the fetal thorax, were measured by ultrasonic scanning in 68 patients in the seven days prior to delivery. These parameters and various expressions based on the skull and thoracic areas were related to birth weight. It was concluded that the skull and thoracic areas multiple (STAM) index was a more efficient predictor of birth weight than the biparietal diameter.
DATE OF CONFINEMENT PREDICTION FROM SERUM DIAMINE OXIDASE DETERMINATION IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Elmfors B. , Tryding N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA reliable assessment of the date of confinement is often important in early pregnancy. In many pregnancies the menstrual history is in doubt or the size of the uterus does not correspond to the last menstrual period. During early pregnancy the rise of serum diamine oxidase (DAO) is confined within narrow limits to certain weeks of gestation. In a series of 189 patients from the 6th to 16th week of pregnancy, the date of confinement was estimated by enzyme determination, and was also calculated by Naegele's formula. Dating by serum DAO was found to be more accurate than the menstrual history, and this technique is recommended for use in routine clinical practice.
ELEVATED LEVELS OF MATERNAL PLASMA ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN AFTER AMNIOCENTESIS
Authors: Chard T. , Kitau M. J. , Ledward R. , Coltart T. , Embury S. , Seller M. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn elevation of maternal AFP levels was observed in 11 of 65 cases (17 per cent) after amniocentesis. It is suggested that blood samples in which AFP levels are to be measured should always be collected before and not after amniocentesis.
THE EFFECTS OF NARCOTICS ON FETAL ACID BASE STATUS
Authors: Chang A. , Wood C. , Humphrey M. , Gilbert M. , Wagstaff C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis paper reports two randomized control trials on the effects of nalorphine, pethidine, morphine and heroin on fetal and maternal acid base status. The drugs decreased pH and increased pCO2 in the mother, and decreased pH and base excess in the fetus. The changes in the fetus were independent of the changes in the mother. In equivalent dosages, nalorphine increased maternal pCO2 more than pethidine and morphine. The effects of heroin were found to be greater than that of other drugs, and we suggest that heroin should be avoided where the fetus is already at risk.
PLASMA GONADOTROPHIN LEVELS IN OVULATORY AND ANOVULATORY PATIENTS
Authors: Pepperell R. J. , Burger H. G. , DeKretser D. M. , Rennie G. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAlthough episodes of FSH and LH secretion in four normal, fourteen anovulatory and one postmenopausal woman were confirmed by samples taken every 15 minutes for three hours, single plasma samples invariably provided a valid estimate of the current mean plasma FSH level, and of the current mean plasma LH level during the follicular phase of the ovulatory menstrual cycle and in anovulatory women with a mean plasma LH value of less than 0.8 mlU/ml. If the mean plasma LH value in anovulatory women exceeded 0.8 mlU/ml, the maximum difference between single and mean values was 28.3±4.7 per cent for four patients with oligomenorrhoea and 43.4±5.2 per cent for five patients with secondary amenorrhoea. Single plasma samples were collected from 26 patients with primary amenorrhoea, 95 patients with secondary amenorrhoea, 51 patients with oligomenorrhoea and 33 postmenopausal patients not on replacement therapy. In each group there were subjects with plasma FSH values in the postmenopausal range and they were unlikely to respond to ovulation induction. Those patients aside, plasma FSH values were similar in subjects with secondary amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea, but patients with oligomenorrhoea had significantly higher plasma LH values (p<0.001); mean levels of neither FSH nor LH showed a significant correlation with response to treatment with clomiphene but in patients with secondary amenorrhoea an ovulatory response to clomiphene did not occur unless the individual's plasma FSH value was in excess of 1.4 mlU/ml. In patients with oligomenorrhoea, plasma LH levels below 0.8 mlU/ml precluded successful treatment with clomiphene.
DYDROGESTERONE AND ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Johnston W. I. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results are reported of the administration of dydrogesterone, 5 mg twice daily, to 49 patients with endometriosis. All but five patients were symptom‐free after nine months of therapy. Most subjective symptoms had disappeared within four to eight weeks; dyspareunia usually took longer. In 30 out of 32 patients who had a culdoscopy after one or two treatment courses, a ‘cure’ of endometriosis was confirmed. Ten out of nineteen infertile patients became pregnant following treatment. The only side‐effects were transient mastalgia and dizziness in two patients. No amenorrhoea or other disturbances of the menstrual cycle were reported.
NEW PRIMARY CANCERS IN PATIENTS ORIGINALLY PRESENTING WITH CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Mould R. F. , Barrett Ann 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 4502 patients with carcinoma of the cervix was studied: in 113 patients 116 other primary neoplasms were found and tumours of lung, breast, colon and rectum occurred most frequently. Most of the patients in our series died with the other primary present. Treatment of the cancer of the cervix by radiotherapy seemed to play no role in the induction of another primary cancer.
ADVANCED ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY WITH SEVERE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Anderton K. J. , Duncan Sheila L. B. , Lunt R. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySevere pre‐eclampsia leading to fetal death in advanced abdominal pregnancy is reported. Attention is drawn to the low reported incidence of pre‐eclampsia in this condition and possible explanations are put forward.
CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) IN OVARIAN CANCER: FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS INCIDENCE AND CHANGES WHICH OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO CYTOTOXIC DRUGS
Authors: Khoo S. K. , Mackay E. V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe report the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 109 patients with ovarian cancer. Histology, degree of differentiation, and clinical stage influenced the incidence of positive CEA. Although CEA was significantly raised in patients with a variety of tumours, the highest incidence (77 per cent) was found in those with serous cystadenocarcinoma. Nearly all (94 per cent) of the poorly differentiated tumours were associated with a positive CEA result. Serial CEA levels provided a useful guide to management during cytotoxic chemotherapy, rapidly falling levels indicating a favourable tumour response which was reflected clinically. However, only two‐thirds of tumours were associated with detectable CEA levels in serum, day‐to‐day variations in individual serum levels occurred, and CEA levels tended to fall paradoxically during terminal illness. The significance of persistently low levels in the apparent absence of disease was uncertain.