bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted lean body mass trajectories, and cancer risk and cancer‐specific and all‐cause mortality: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Chenan , Zhang Qingsong , Liu Tong , Zhang Qi , Song Mengmeng , Ruan Guotian , Lin Shiqi , Wang Ziwen , Zheng Xin , Chen Yue , Zhang Heyang , Ge Yizhong , Xie Hailun , Shi Jinyu , Deng Li , Wu Shouling , Shi Hanping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies have investigated the association between body composition, cancer risk and mortality, predicting these risks through a single body composition measurement undoubtedly increases the limitations of the study. Few studies have explored the association between the trajectory of changes in body composition and the risk of cancer and death. We aimed to explore the association of predicted lean mass trajectories with cancer risk, cancer‐specific mortality and all‐cause mortality.MethodsThe participants in this study were all from the Kailuan cohort, a prospective, periodic, resurvey cohort study initiated in 2006. Latent mixture modelling was used to identify predicted lean mass trajectories for 2006–2010. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the Cox proportional hazard models were used to describe the association between predicted lean mass trajectories and cancer risk and cancer‐specific and all‐cause mortality during follow‐up (2010–2021).ResultsA total of 44 374 participants (average age, 53.01 ± 11.41 years, 78.99% men and 21.01% women) were enrolled in this study. Five distinct trajectories were identified: low‐stable (n = 12 060), low‐increasing (n = 8027), moderately stable‐decreasing (n = 4725), moderately stable‐increasing (n = 8053) and high‐stable (n = 11 509). During the 11‐year follow‐up period, 2183 cancer events were recorded. After adjusting for age, predicted fat mass in 2010, sex, BMI, sedentary, physical activity, smoke, alcohol use, salt consumption, high‐fat diet, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, serum creatinine, family history of tumour, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, compared with the low‐stable group, participants in the low‐increasing group (HR = 0.851, 95% CI, 0.748–0.969), moderately stable‐increasing group (HR = 0.803, 95% CI, 0.697–0.925) and high‐stable group (HR = 0.770, 95% CI, 0.659–0.901) had a lower cancer risk, but not in the moderately stable‐decreasing group (HR = 0.864, 95% CI, 0.735–1.015). Compared with the low‐stable group, the risk of cancer‐specific mortality was reduced by 25.4% (8.8–38.9%), 36.5% (20.3–49.4%) and 35.4% (17.9–49.2%), and the risk of all‐cause mortality was reduced by 24.2% (16.9–30.8%), 37.0% (30.0–43.2%) and 47.4% (41.0–53.1%) in the low‐increasing, moderately stable‐increasing group and high‐stable groups, respectively.ConclusionsPredicted lean mass trajectories may be closely associated with cancer risk and cancer‐specific and all‐cause mortality. Regular monitoring of body composition is necessary.
Superior neutralizing response after first versus second SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in fully vaccinated individuals
Authors: Rivas Gonzalo , Labiod Nuria , Luczkowiak Joanna , Lasala Fátima , Rolo Marta , Mancheño‐Losa Mikel , Rial‐Crestelo David , Lora‐Tamayo Jaime , Pérez‐Rivilla Alfredo , Folgueira María Dolores , Delgado Rafael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrently, the majority of the population has been vaccinated against COVID‐19 and/or has experienced SARS‐CoV‐2 infection either before or after vaccination. The immunological response to repeated episodes of infections is not completely clear. We measured SARS‐CoV‐2 specific neutralization titers by a pseudovirus assay after BA.1 infection and RBD‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in a cohort of COVID‐19 uninfected and triple vaccinated individuals (breakthrough infection group, BTI) as compared with those previously infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 (reinfection group, REI) who underwent identical vaccination schedule. SARS‐CoV‐2 specific neutralizing response after BA.1 infection was significantly higher in the BTI group as compared with the REI. Furthermore, neutralization titers in REI were not significant different from convalescent non reinfected controls. RBD‐specific IgG and IgA, but not IgM, were also significantly higher in BTI as compared with REI. Our results show that the first episode of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces a significant increase in neutralizing titers in triple vaccinated individuals and that previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compromise significantly the neutralization response induced by reinfection, even by divergent SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and at least up to 2 years postinfection, suggesting a fundamental limitation in inducing effective booster through the intranasal route in previously infected individuals.
Dielectric modulated organic thin film transistor trench biosensor for label‐free detection: Modeling and simulation analysis
Authors: Bhandari Sheetal , Dhamale Triveni D. , Kawade Rupali K. , Dhake Dipali N. , Wadhwa Girish 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, a biosensor is proposed with a split gate dielectric modulated bottom gate top contact organic thin‐film transistor. A cavity is marked below gate metal for enhancing sensitivity in biomedical applications. The organic thin‐film transistors‐based biosensors have shown applications over advanced biosensing platforms due to their intrinsic ability to transfer and amplify received biological signals into respective electrical signals. Immobilizing the biomolecules inside the cavity generates changes in surface potential. The analysis is carried out via different performance metrics that directly affect device electrical characteristics such as a change in spacer length applied voltages ( and ) as well as channel material. After modeling, the device output characteristics are compared corresponding to simulated outcomes that validated our results. The proposed model structure is categorized by dividing it into different sections. Each categorized section's surface potential is further evaluated via 1‐ and 2‐dimensional Poisson's equation. The simulations to recreate biomolecules in terms of dielectric constant and charge density are done in the Silvaco ATLAS tool. The maximum value of sensitivity of proposed biosensor is around 300 in the case of charged biomolecule detection.
Tunable Kerker Scattering in a Self‐Coupled Polaritonic Metasurface
Authors: Shen Fuhuan , Zhou Yaoqiang , Ma Jingwen , Zheng Jiapeng , Wang Jianfang , Chen Zefeng , Xu Jianbin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe strong coupling between electronic transitions and resonant cavity modes, facilitated by coherent energy transfer, presents unprecedented opportunities for tailoring the photoelectronic properties of constituent components. Here, the concept of Kerker effect is leveraged to demonstrate the dynamic control of scattering directionality in dielectric nanostructures by tuning the exciton‐photon coupling. First, theoretical evidence for a significant modification of the scattering directionality of a dielectric metastructure engineered by excitonic polaritons is provided. As a proof of concept, self‐coupled metasurfaces composed of bulk MoS2, which exhibit a forward/backward scattering ratio up to 20, are constructed. Importantly, tunable directionality is achieved by thermally controlling the excitonic coupling to the Mie modes. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, and the subsequent multipole decompositions effectively elucidate the underlying mechanism, attributed to the interplay between electric and magnetic dipole modes that are modified by excitons. The findings shed light on the control of light flow in the far field through coherent light–matter interactions, thereby opening up numerous possibilities for active optical antennas and quantum emitters on a nanoscale.
Plural valuation in southwestern Ethiopia: Disaggregating values associated with ecosystems in a smallholder landscape
Authors: Brück Maria , Schultner Jannik , Negash Birhanu Bekele , Damu Dadi Feyisa , Abson David J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Recognizing the diversity of preferences for, and values ascribed to, ecosystems in decision‐making can help to realize more sustainable and equitable policies for transformative change.

The goal of this paper was to assess how rankings of ecosystem products (i.e. their relative importance in people's lives) relate to people's individual characteristics, their social–ecological context and the values they ascribe to each ecosystem product.

In our case study in southwestern Ethiopia, we considered 11 ecosystem products and four value types (direct use, exchange, relational, intrinsic). We used descriptive statistics, hierarchical clustering and chi‐square tests of independence to analyse the data.

On average, maize and teff were ranked as most important, and direct use and relational value were the most important value types. Beneficiaries often ascribed multiple values to each ecosystem product, and direct use and relational values better explained overall importance rankings than exchange or intrinsic values.

Five groups of beneficiaries, who each prioritized a different set of ecosystem products, differed in their occupation, and in their social–ecological context, in terms of the villages they lived in and the ecosystem products they produced. Beneficiaries in each of the five groups ascribed different value types to their prioritized ecosystem products, and these did not always align with the value types that were generally judged most important by the group.

We recommend that sustainable landscape management should reflect the diversity of people's value ascription, including non‐exchange values.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Internal migration in Chile and mental health in migrant‐sending communities
Authors: Cazzuffi Chiara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmpirical research on migration has mostly concentrated on its economic impacts, with growing but limited focus on its mental health impacts in migrant‐sending communities. Existing studies mainly concentrate on the mental health of remaining household members, mostly establishing cross‐sectional correlations, with mixed findings depending on individual and contextual characteristics. Studies that address potential endogeneity are few and tend to find no significant causal impact of migration on the mental health of remaining family members. However, migration may affect not only the remaining household members but also the entire sending community by changing its demographic, social and economic composition. The aim of this paper is to analyse the overall impact of migration on the mental health of sending communities, considering both the impact of having a migrant family member and of living in a community experiencing net emigration. The paper addresses potential endogeneity through an instrumental variable approach, controlling for confounding factors and examines mental health outcomes beyond depression and stress, assessing also psychosocial difficulties and self‐efficacy. It uses nationally representative data from the 2017 National Health Survey in Chile, a country characterised by high internal mobility, significant mental health issues and concentration of mental healthcare provision in large urban centres. The study finds that living in net emigration municipalities increases the probability of experiencing a major depressive episode, psychosocial difficulties and low self‐efficacy. Results are robust to controlling for endogeneity using past migration rates as an instrument for current migration rates. These findings suggest that smaller, net emigration communities require policy attention, and in particular better mental healthcare provision, to avoid increasing the prevalence of mental health problems and the treatment gap between larger and smaller communities in Chile.
Two new species of small‐bodied pachycephalosaurine (Dinosauria, Marginocephalia) from the uppermost Cretaceous of North America suggest hidden diversity in well‐sampled formations
Authors: Woodruff D. Cary , Schott Ryan K. , Evans David C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHere we report two new small‐bodied pachycephalosaurines: one from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta and the other from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana, each represented by an isolated squamosal. These two new specimens are approximately the same size as squamosals of Sphaerotholus buchholtzae, and possess several overlapping morphologies with the genus (such as a strongly posteroventrally projecting and laterally tapering parietosquamosal bar). Therefore, these two new specimens are identified as belonging to the genus Sphaerotholus. However, a suite of characters and combinations differentiate these two new specimens from the other three Sphaerotholus species. Most notably, they possess multiple posterior and lateral node rows on the squamosal, and lack a parietosquamosal node (a single row and a parietosquamosal node define these other species in the genus). Specifically, the Alberta specimen possesses two posterior and two lateral node rows, whereas the Montana specimen has three of each. This analysis provides phylogenetic support for the evolutionary hypothesis that a single‐rowed and parietosquamosal node‐less taxon underwent a cladogenetic event that gave rise to a single‐rowed and parietosquamosal node‐bearing lineage and a multi‐rowed, parietosquamosal node‐less lineage (the two taxa described herein). In turn, these two Sphaerotholus lineages possibly underwent anagenetic change throughout the latest Maastrichtian. Additionally, these new taxa suggest that while large‐bodied taxa from well sampled formations are to be found with decreasing frequency, the inverse holds true for small‐bodied taxa and that pachycephalosaurines were more diverse than previously recognized, and continued to diversify up until the very end of the Cretaceous.
“No More Strategy of the Week”: Considerations for Connecting Comprehension Instruction Back to the Book
Authors: Conradi Smith Kristin , Williams Tamara W. , Frackelton Ellen P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, we present some considerations for abandoning decontextualized strategy instruction and instead provide some ideas for how to shape comprehension instruction around the texts we use in the classroom. We offer some guiding theories, some key considerations, and we present examples for classroom teachers.
Press Discourse on Cycling Before, During, and After the First Covid-19 Lockdown in France. The Rise of the User-Group Voice
Authors: Buhler Thomas , Adam Matthieu , Ramdani Hakim , Jobard Pauline 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we explore what a “crisis” event (here the first lockdown related to Covid-19 in France) means in terms of (i) the balance of power among actors expressing themselves in the daily press and of (ii) the main messages that the more prominent of these actors disseminate. In order to analyze changes in press discourse on city cycling in France, we examine a corpus that spans the period from September 2019 to September 2020, i.e., six months before the first lockdown (March 17, 2020) and five months after the end of the month-long lockdown (May 11, 2020). The discourse analysis has been conducted on 578 press articles from five regional newspapers (Rennes, Montpellier, Besançon, Paris, and Lyon) and one national press title (Libération). This entire corpus was analyzed using textometry, a computer-assisted method for analyzing quantitative textual data. This enables us to identify a discursive change. Two elements characterize that change: (i) the balance between actors who “talk” or who “are talked about” in the articles shifts gradually. During this period, cycling organizations appear to be the actors whose position is strengthened in the media discourse; (ii) these actors are strengthened in their traditional mission of lobbying for cycling, but with a focus on new issues (e.g., wearing a face-covering or not for cyclists, calling for the reopening of green public spaces to allow the transit of bicycles, etc.). The first Covid-19 wave appears to have been the accelerator of a wider process that has led cycling organizations to professionalize since the 2000s, to move away from ecologist, anarchist, and anticapitalist discourses and to promote instead the idea of everyday cycling as a tool for improving public health. The Covid-19 crisis has further established cycling organizations as reference actors for bicycle mobility in French cities.
Temporary Urbanism in Pandemic Times—Disruption and Continuity of Public Action in Montreal
Authors: Paulhiac Scherrer Florence 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFaced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the City of Montreal and its boroughs quickly deployed temporary facilities aimed at sharing public space and promoting active mobility (cycling and walking). This so-called strategy of “temporary urbanism” is common to North American cities from the spring of 2020. Several inventories of such measures demonstrate this. However, few of these databases open up the black box of the decision-making processes and levers that the actors have implemented to deploy this urbanism. Thus, the chapter is devoted to these processes, explaining the Montreal case in detail. It reveals the main characteristics of Montreal’s public action. As such, it highlights the local particularities of it, considered at the same time as agile, a source of numerous conflicts but also very adaptative. To conclude, we emphasize on two dimensions. First, the pandemic demonstrates that Montreal public actors had resources to respond to the crisis, rooted in action routines but also in a capacity for innovation. Secondly, that this incremental dimension of temporary urbanism is now considered by public actors as an opportunity to implement sustainable changes, in the longer term, through the deployment of a “transitory urbanism”.
Cycling in Bogotá During a Pandemic. The Influence of Tactical Urbanism and Perceived Insecurity on Bicycle Usage
Authors: Lucas Maëlle , Gouëset Vincent , Demoraes Florent 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter first analyses the impacts of the 2020 health crisis on bicycle policies, and second, the adaptations and reactions of the city’s bicycle users, in Bogotá. The capital of Colombia has been the first city in the world to create a network of pop-up bikeways to encourage citizens to avoid public transportation. These were inspired by tactical urbanism, which enabled its quick installation and adaptation. They were set up on main avenues, to serve low-income neighbourhoods, where remote working could not be implemented. This new policy has been used as a tool by Bogotá’s Mayor’s office to show its capacity to handle the health crisis and its commitment for more sustainable mobility. The chapter is based on a field investigation (interviews and mobile ethnography with daily cyclists), an online survey, interviews with mobility experts (academics, institutional agents, activists), and public data on urban mobility. It draws the chronological evolution of public policy, the cartography of its impact for bicycle use, and a detailed analysis of what is at stake. It also sheds light on the limits of tactical urbanism that was implemented during the health crisis.
The equation $$\pmb {f(xy) = f(x)h(y) + g(x)f(y)}$$ and representations on $$\pmb {\mathbb {C}^2}$$
Authors: Stetkær Henrik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet G be a topological group, and let C(G) denote the algebra of continuous, complex valued functions on G. We find the solutions $$f,g,h \in C(G)$$

f
,
g
,
h
∈
C
(
G
)

of the Levi-Civita equation $$\begin{aligned} f(xy) = f(x)h(y) + g(x)f(y), \ x,y \in G, \end{aligned}$$

f
(
x
y
)
=
f
(
x
)
h
(
y
)
+
g
(
x
)
f
(
y
)
,

x
,
y
∈
G
,

which is an extension of the sine addition law. Representations of G on $$\mathbb {C}^2$$

C

2

play an important role. As a corollary we get the solutions $$f,g \in C(G)$$

f
,
g
∈
C
(
G
)

of the sine subtraction law $$f(xy^*) = f(x)g(y) - g(x)f(y)$$

f

(
x

y
∗

)

=
f

(
x
)

g

(
y
)

-
g

(
x
)

f

(
y
)

, $$x,y \in G$$

x
,
y
∈
G

, in which $$x \mapsto x^*$$

x
↦

x
∗

is a continuous involution, meaning that $$(xy)^* = y^*x^*$$

(
x
y
)

∗

=

y
∗

x
∗

and $$x^{**} = x$$

x

∗

∗

=
x

for all $$x,y \in G$$

x
,
y
∈
G

.
GTPBP8 is required for mitoribosomal biogenesis and mitochondrial translation
Authors: Wang Liang , Hilander Taru , Liu Xiaonan , Tsang Hoi Ying , Eriksson Ove , Jackson Christopher B. , Varjosalo Markku , Zhao Hongxia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMitochondrial translation occurs on the mitochondrial ribosome, also known as the mitoribosome. The assembly of mitoribosomes is a highly coordinated process. During mitoribosome biogenesis, various assembly factors transiently associate with the nascent ribosome, facilitating the accurate and efficient construction of the mitoribosome. However, the specific factors involved in the assembly process, the precise mechanisms, and the cellular compartments involved in this vital process are not yet fully understood. In this study, we discovered a crucial role for GTP-binding protein 8 (GTPBP8) in the assembly of the mitoribosomal large subunit (mt-LSU) and mitochondrial translation. GTPBP8 is identified as a novel GTPase located in the matrix and peripherally bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Importantly, GTPBP8 is specifically associated with the mt-LSU during its assembly. Depletion of GTPBP8 leads to an abnormal accumulation of mt-LSU, indicating that GTPBP8 is critical for proper mt-LSU assembly. Furthermore, the absence of GTPBP8 results in reduced levels of fully assembled 55S monosomes. This impaired assembly leads to compromised mitochondrial translation and, consequently, impaired mitochondrial function. The identification of GTPBP8 as an important player in these processes provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial protein synthesis and its regulation.
The inertia and storage impact on the Mexican network frequency
Authors: Ramirez Juan M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to properly manage the frequency within the Mexican interconnected system (MIS), composed of 158 generators, 2022 buses, 3025 lines, and a system composed of seven control areas working together to satisfy an operating condition with a demand of 20 GW. An extension of the conventional load frequency control formulation is used to execute studies for assessing the frequency behaviour in the different control areas of the MIS under sudden load increments. Likewise, to estimate the impact that variations in inertia in the different control areas may have on frequency stability. Energy storage elements are proposed by observing frequency excursions, which can provide fast support and avoid frequency nadir values below 0.025 Hz. In addition, they help to restore the nominal frequency. An optimisation formulation quantifies the storage required for the different control areas. The results exhibit an improvement in the transient frequency behaviour. On the other hand, when acquiring the energy storage elements, it is also considered prudent to use them for the ancillary services’ benefit. With this purpose, a methodology is utilised to estimate the emission changes in the control regions based on the percentage reduction in displaced fossil fuel plants. Functions to determine the global emissions of different technologies for generating electricity were investigated hinged on actual historical data; through this, the diminution in polluting emissions is quantified.