bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lender Automation and Racial Disparities in Credit Access
Authors: HOWELL SABRINA T. , KUCHLER THERESA , SNITKOF DAVID , STROEBEL JOHANNES , WONG JUN 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTProcess automation reduces racial disparities in credit access by enabling smaller loans, broadening banks' geographic reach, and removing human biases from decision making. We document these findings in the context of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), where private lenders faced no credit risk but decided which firms to serve. Black‐owned firms obtained PPP loans primarily from automated fintech lenders, especially in areas with high racial animus. After traditional banks automated their loan processing procedures, their PPP lending to Black‐owned firms increased. Our findings cannot be fully explained by racial differences in loan application behaviors, preexisting banking relationships, firm performance, or fraud rates.
‘On the slope of an erupting volcano’: A qualitative study on the workplace violence experiences of psychiatric nurses
Authors: Küçük Öztürk Gülhan , Başer Eylül , Engin Esra 
Published: December 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Workplace violence is common in healthcare.

Workplace violence remains a complex and serious occupational hazard in healthcare.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Since there is no study examining detailed explanations of experiences and perspectives of workplace violence among psychiatric nurses, this study will act as a guide for psychiatric nurses.

This study provides information about how psychiatric nurses evaluate the concept of workplace violence from their perspective, what it means to them and the effects of workplace violence.

What are the implications for practice?

Considering the effects of workplace violence, a preventive, systematic and holistic approach should be used in psychiatry and community mental health centres.

Supportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients.

AbstractIntroductionWorkplace violence is common in healthcare and remains a complex and serious occupational hazard.AimThis research was conducted to assess the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses.MethodThis study was a qualitative study conducted using a grounded theory approach method. The study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The purposeful sampling method was used, and 11 psychiatric nurses were interviewed. Data were collected with an information form and a semi‐structured interview form. The data were analysed using content analysis, and themes were created.FindingsThe ages of the psychiatric nurses ranged from 38 to 57 years. Themes and sub‐themes related to the workplace violence experiences and perspectives of psychiatric nurses included the way of violence (rising tension, eruption of the volcano, unintentional violence and turning to ash) and empowerment (ash cloud and ring of fire).ConclusionPsychiatric nurses stated that they were exposed to verbal and physical violence for many reasons, that this situation seriously affected their physical, mental and social health and that in addition to the devastating effects of violence, they became stronger by developing various skills to protect against violence.Implications for PracticeSupportive interventions should be used to improve the health and safety of psychiatric nurses and patients. Strategies can be developed to include psychiatric nurses in occupational health nursing courses.
Identifying genes for regulating osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in inflammatory environments by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Yang Xiaojie , Wang Xuechun , Wang Xuan , Zhang Jie , Gao Ya , Pan Jinsong , Wang Shiwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeriodontitis is an immuno‐inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque biofilms and inflammations. The regeneration of bone tissue in inflammatory environment is of great significance for the treatment of periodontal disease, but the specific molecular mechanism of bone formation in periodontitis still needs further exploration. The objective of this study was to identify key osteogenesis‐related genes (ORGs) in periodontitis.MethodsWe used two datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to find differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs, further performed Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Then we predicted the downstream genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) by the TargetScan database and established a miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network. Finally, the osteogenic mechanism of periodontitis was explored through quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) by inducing inflammatory environment and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.ResultsThrough differential expression analysis and prediction of downstream target genes of DEMs, we created a miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network consisting of 29 DEMs and 11 differentially expressed osteogenesis‐related genes (DEORGs). In addition, the qRT‐PCR results demonstrated that BTBD3, PLAT, AKAP12, SGK1, and GLCE expression levels were significantly upregulated, while those of TIMP3, ZCCHC14, LIN7A, DNAH6, NNT, and ITGA6 were downregulated under the dual effects of inflammatory stimulation and osteogenic induction.ConclusionDEORGs might be important factors in the osteogenic phase of periodontitis, and the miRNA‐mRNA network may shed light on the clarification of the role and mechanism of osteogenesis in periodontitis and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Sleep disturbance as a precursor to anxiety, depression, and PTSD among rural Kenyans: A cross‐lagged panel analysis from a rural Kenyan interventional cohort
Authors: Goodman Michael L. , Lee Miryoung , Springer Andrew , Schick Vanessa , Vaughan Elizabeth , Markham Christine , Gitari Stanley , Mukiri Fridah 
Published: December 2023

SummarySleep quality is essential to biopsychosocial functioning, yet there remains limited longitudinal research on sleep and mental or social well‐being within low‐ or middle‐income countries. This study utilised longitudinal cohort data from a community‐based empowerment programme in Meru County, Kenya to assess cross‐lagged correlations between sleep disturbance, social support, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Participants (n = 373; 92% women; age range 18–86 years) who reported more sleep disturbance at T1 reported significantly more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, and significantly less social support at T2 (average 11 weeks later), controlling for all within‐time correlations across measures, within‐measure correlations across time, and sociodemographic background characteristics. The findings are consistent with research across high‐income countries, underscoring the need for more contextualised research into sleep behaviours across low‐ and middle‐income countries. The findings may inform interventions to increase mental and social well‐being within Kenya.
How best to combine liver transplantation and bariatric surgery?—Results from a global, web‐based survey
Authors: Widmer Jeannette , Eden Janina , Abbassi Fariba , Angelico Roberta , Rössler Fabian , Müllhaupt Beat , Dutkowski Philipp , Bueter Marco , Schlegel Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsObesity is a growing healthcare challenge worldwide and a significant risk factor for liver failure as seen with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Combining metabolic‐bariatric surgery (MBS) with liver transplantation (LT) appears as attractive strategy to treat both, the underlying liver disease and obesity. However, there is an ongoing debate on best timing and patient selection. This survey was designed to explore the current treatment practice for patients with NASH and obesity worldwide.MethodsA web‐based survey was conducted in 2022 among bariatric and LT surgeons, and hepatologists from Europe, North and South America and Asia.ResultsThe survey completion rate was 74% (145/196). The average respondents were 41–50 years (38%), male (82.1%) and had >20 years of clinical experience (42.1%). Centres with a high LT‐caseload for NASH were mainly located in the USA and United Kingdom. Almost 30% have already performed a combination of LT with MBS and 49% plan to do it. A majority of bariatric surgeons prefer MBS before LT (77.2%), whereas most of LT surgeons (52%) would perform MBS during LT. Most respondents (n = 114; 80%) favour sleeve gastrectomy over other bariatric techniques. One third (n = 42; 29.4%) has an established protocol regarding MBS for LT candidates.ConclusionThe most experienced centres doing LT for NASH are in the USA and United Kingdom with growing awareness worldwide. Overall, a combination of MBS and LT has already been performed by a third of respondents. Sleeve gastrectomy is the bariatric technique of choice—preferably performed either before or during LT.
Ferritinophagy‐mediated ferroptosis facilitates methotrexate‐induced hepatotoxicity by high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)
Authors: Wang Chengbo , Leng Maodong , Ding Cong , Zhu Xiangzhan , Zhang Yaodong , Sun Chenchen , Lou Pu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimHepatotoxicity is a well‐defined reaction to methotrexate (MTX), a drug commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and various tumours. We sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying MTX‐induced hepatotoxicity and establish a potentially effective intervention strategy.MethodsWe administered MTX to liver cells and mice and assessed hepatotoxicity by cell viability assay and hepatic pathological changes. We determined ferroptosis and ferritinophagy by detecting ferroptosis‐related markers and autophagic degradation of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1).ResultsWe have shown that hepatocytes treated with MTX undergo ferroptosis, and this process can be attenuated by ferroptosis inhibitors. Interestingly, NCOA4‐mediated ferritinophagy was found to be involved in MTX‐induced ferroptosis, which was demonstrated by the relief of ferroptosis through the inhibition of autophagy or knockdown of Ncoa4. Furthermore, MTX treatment resulted in the elevation of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression. The depletion of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes considerably alleviated MTX‐induced hepatotoxicity by limiting autophagy and the subsequent autophagy‐dependent ferroptosis. It is noteworthy that glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a precise inhibitor of HMGB1, effectively suppressed autophagy, ferroptosis and hepatotoxicity caused by MTX.ConclusionOur study shows the significant roles of autophagy‐dependent ferroptosis and HMGB1 in MTX‐induced hepatotoxicity. It emphasizes that the inhibition of ferritinophagy and HMGB1 may have potential as a therapeutic approach for preventing and treating MTX‐induced liver injury.
Effects of hunting on mating, relatedness, and genetic diversity in a puma population
Authors: Erwin John A. , Logan Kenneth A. , Trumbo Daryl R. , Funk W. Chris , Culver Melanie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHunting mortality can affect population abundance, demography, patterns of dispersal and philopatry, breeding, and genetic diversity. We investigated the effects of hunting on the reproduction and genetic diversity in a puma population in western Colorado, USA. We genotyped over 11,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using double‐digest, restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) in 291 tissue samples collected as part of a study on the effects of hunting on puma population abundance and demography in Colorado from 2004 to 2014. The study was designed with a reference period (years 1–5), during which hunting was suspended, followed by a treatment period (years 6–10), in which hunting was reinstated. Our objectives were to examine the effects of hunting on: (1) paternity and male reproductive success; (2) the relatedness between pumas within the population, and (3) genetic diversity. We found that hunting reduced the average age of male breeders. The number of unique fathers siring litters increased each year without hunting and decreased each year during the hunting period. Mated pairs were generally unrelated during both time periods, and females were more closely related than males. Hunting was also associated with increased relatedness among males and decreased relatedness among females in the population. Finally, genetic diversity increased during the period without hunting and decreased each year when hunting was present. This study demonstrates the utility of merging demographic data with large‐scale genomic datasets in order to better understand the consequences of management actions. Specifically, we believe that this study highlights the need for long‐term experimental research in which hunting mortality is manipulated, including at least one non‐harvested control population, as part of a broader adaptive, zone management scheme.
Endothelial deficiency of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor leads to blood–brain barrier disruption and accelerated endothelial senescence in mice, mimicking aspects of the brain aging phenotype
Authors: Gulej Rafal , Csik Boglarka , Faakye Janet , Tarantini Stefano , Shanmugarama Santny , Chandragiri Siva Sai , Mukli Peter , Conley Shannon , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan , Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Nyúl‐Tóth Ádám 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionAge‐related blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cerebromicrovascular senescence, and microvascular rarefaction substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies established a causal link between age‐related decline in circulating levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), cerebromicrovascular dysfunction, and cognitive decline. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of IGF‐1 signaling on senescence, BBB permeability, and vascular density in middle‐age and old brains.MethodsAccelerated endothelial senescence was assessed in senescence reporter mice (VE‐Cadherin‐CreERT2/Igf1rfl/fl × p16‐3MR) using flow cytometry. To determine the functional consequences of impaired IGF‐1 input to cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells, BBB integrity and capillary density were studied in mice with endothelium‐specific knockout of IGF1R (VE‐Cadherin‐CreERT2/Igf1rfl/fl) using intravital two‐photon microscopy.ResultsIn VE‐Cadherin‐CreERT2/Igf1rfl/fl mice: (1) there was an increased presence of senescent endothelial cells; (2) cumulative permeability of the microvessels to fluorescent tracers of different molecular weights (0.3–40 kDa) is significantly increased, as compared to that of control mice, whereas decline in cortical capillary density does not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsThese findings support the notion that IGF‐1 signaling plays a crucial role in preserving a youthful cerebromicrovascular endothelial phenotype and maintaining the integrity of the BBB.
Exploring Causal Relationships between Leukocyte Telomere Length, Sex Hormone‐Binding Globulin Levels, and Osteoporosis Using Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Sun Kaibo , Li Mengying , Wu Yongtao , Wu Yuangang , Zeng Yi , Zhou Shengliang , Peng Linbo , Shen Bin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveRecent evidence supports that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) may be positively associated with healthy living and inversely correlated with the risk of age‐related diseases, including osteoporosis. Furthermore, it is important to note that sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels play a crucial role in the regulation of osteoporosis by influencing the availability of sex hormones. Hence, this study holds significant importance as it aims to unravel the roles of LTL and SHBG levels and determine which one acts as a predominant intermediary factor in influencing osteoporosis. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we can gain valuable insights into the intricate relationships between aging, sex hormones, and bone health.MethodsUnivariable and multivariable and MR analyses were employed in this study. First, we used genetic variants associated with both LTL, as determined from a study involving 472,174 European participants by Codd et al., and SHBG levels, as identified in a study conducted by Ruth et al. with 370,125 participants, as instrumental variables (IVs). Then we aimed to establish a causal relationship between LTL and SHBG levels and their potential impact on osteoporosis using univariable MR. Finally, we conducted multivariable MR to provide insights into the independent and combined effects of LTL, SHBG levels on osteoporosis risk. We used various MR methods, with the primary analysis employing the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) model.ResultsUnivariable MR analysis reveals a potential causal effect of longer LTL on reduced risk of osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR): 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.99; p = 0.03]. Conversely, higher genetically determined SHBG levels affect the risk of osteoporosis positively. (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09–1.75; p < 0.01). We observed a negative causal effect for LTL on the occurrence of SHBG (OR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.94–0.98, p < 0.01). After adjustment of using multivariable MR, the causal effect of LTL on osteoporosis (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84–1.03; p = 0.14), and the effect of SHBG on osteoporosis (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.16–1.75; p < 0.01) were observed.ConclusionLonger LTL may confer a protective effect against osteoporosis. Additionally, the levels of SHBG appear to play a crucial role in mediating the relationship between LTL and osteoporosis. By understanding the interplay between these factors, we can gain valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying bone health and aging and potentially identify new avenues for prevention and intervention strategies.
Generalisability of the interpersonal theory of suicide to latent profiles of young people attending treatment in a suicide prevention service
Authors: Janackovski Atanas , Deane Frank P. , Hains Alex , Kelly Peter J. , Robinson Laura D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS) could help identify differences in groups of suicidal adolescents and inform treatment.MethodLatent Profile Analysis (LPA) using thwarted belongingness (TB), perceived burdensomeness (PB), hopelessness, and capability was conducted on data from an at‐risk clinical sample (N = 500). The ITS prediction that changes in TB and PB are associated with changes in suicidal ideation was tested using admission and discharge data.ResultsLatent Profile Analysis identified three profiles with increasing complexity and severity on ITS factors. The profiles were labelled low‐severity (7.6% of participants), moderate‐severity (45.2%), and high‐severity (47.2%). ITS predictions were partially supported for the full sample and only for the high‐severity and moderate‐severity subgroups, whereby changes in TB were significantly associated with changes in suicidal ideation over the course of treatment. However, changes in PB were only significant in the moderate‐severity subgroup, and none of the ITS predictions were supported in the low‐severity subgroup. Additionally, effect sizes for changes in TB and PB were modest in all analyses.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance reducing low belongingness in youth, which is a component of all supported interventions of youth suicide prevention. However, given the modest association of changes in ITS variables had with changes in suicidal ideation, it may be fruitful to elaborate on the relative importance on types of low belongingness or include other non‐ITS variables.
Geomapping of pediatric dermatologists: A tool to promote diversity and equity in dermatology
Authors: Beiter Kaylin , Garza‐Mayers Anna Cristina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of racial and ethnic diversity across the field of dermatology, including the subspecialty of pediatric dermatology. Residency programs are improving recruitment and mentorship of medical students who identify with racial or ethnic minority communities (underrepresented in medicine [URiM]) to dermatology overall, a goal similarly held by our subspecialty. The objectives of this study were to create an online mapping tool to visually centralize the list of 142 dermatology residency programs, 105 with practicing pediatric dermatologists on faculty and 51 that offer financial scholarships for URiM visiting medical students completing away rotations. With this tool, we hope that prospective students may not only identify potential pediatric dermatology mentors for virtual and in‐person activities, but that they may also build connections with and increase their chance of matching at prospective residency programs with demonstrable commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Rapid 3D modelling: Clustering method based on dynamic load balancing strategy
Authors: Ge Yingwei , Guo Bingxuan , Xu Guozheng , Liu Yawen , Jiang Xiao , Peng Zhe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction is a pivotal research area within computer vision and photogrammetry, offering a valuable foundation of data for the development of smart cities. However, existing methods for constructing 3D models from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images often suffer from slow processing speeds and low central processing unit (CPU)/graphics processing unit (GPU) utilization rates. Furthermore, the utilization of cluster‐based distributed computing for 3D modelling frequently results in inefficient resource allocation across nodes. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel approach to 3D modelling in clusters, incorporating a dynamic load‐balancing strategy. The method divides the 3D reconstruction process into multiple stages to lay the groundwork for distributing tasks across multiple nodes efficiently. Instead of traditional traversal‐based communication, this approach employs gossip communication techniques to reduce the network overhead. To boost the modelling efficiency, a dynamic load‐balancing strategy is introduced that prevents nodes from becoming overloaded, thus optimizing resource usage during the modelling process and alleviating resource waste issues in multidevice clusters. The experimental results indicate that in small‐scale data environments, this approach improves CPU/GPU utilization by 35.8%/23.4% compared with single‐machine utilization. In large‐scale data environments for cluster‐based 3D modelling tests, this method enhances the average efficiency by 61.4% compared with traditional 3D modelling software while maintaining a comparable model accuracy.