bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid Mixing and Spatial Geochemical Variability in the Lost City Hydrothermal Field Chimneys
Authors: Aquino Karmina A. , Früh‐Green Gretchen L. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Rickli Jörg , Lang Susan Q. , Lilley Marvin D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbonate‐brucite chimneys are a characteristic of low‐ to moderate‐temperature, ultramafic‐hosted alkaline hydrothermal systems, such as the Lost City hydrothermal field located on the Atlantis Massif at 30°N near the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. These chimneys form as a result of mixing between warm, serpentinization‐derived vent fluids and cold seawater. Previous work has documented the evolution in mineralogy and geochemistry associated with the aging of the chimneys as hydrothermal activity wanes. However, little is known about spatial heterogeneities within and among actively venting chimneys. New mineralogical and geochemical data (87Sr/86Sr and stable C, O, and clumped isotopes) indicate that the brucite and calcite precipitate at elevated temperatures in vent fluid‐dominated domains in the interior of chimneys. Exterior zones dominated by seawater are brucite‐poor and aragonite is the main carbonate mineral. Carbonates record mostly out of equilibrium oxygen and clumped isotope signatures due to rapid precipitation upon vent fluid‐seawater mixing. On the other hand, the carbonates precipitate closer to carbon isotope equilibrium, with dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater as the dominant carbon source and have δ13C values within the range of marine carbonates. Our data suggest that calcite is a primary mineral in the active hydrothermal chimneys and does not exclusively form as a replacement of aragonite during later alteration with seawater. Elevated formation temperatures and lower 87Sr/86Sr relative to aragonite in the same sample suggest that calcite may be the first carbonate mineral to precipitate.
Dynamics of the Storm Time Magnetopause and Magnetosheath Boundary Layers: An MMS‐THEMIS Conjunction
Authors: Rice Rachel C. , Chen Li‐Jen , Gershman Dan , Fuselier Stephen A. , Burkholder Brandon L. , Gurram Harsha , Beedle Jason , Shuster Jason , Petrinec Steven M. , Pollock Craig , Cohen Ian , Gabrielse Christine , Escoubet Philippe , Burch James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis letter uses simultaneous observations from Magnetosphere Multiscale (MMS) and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) to address the dynamics of the magnetopause and magnetosheath boundary layers during the main phase of a storm during which the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) reverses from south to north. Near the dawn terminator, MMS observes two boundary layers comprising open and closed field lines and containing energetic electrons and ring current oxygen. Some closed field line regions exhibit sunward convection, presenting an avenue to replenish dayside magnetic flux lost during the storm. Meanwhile, THEMIS observes two boundary layers in the pre‐noon sector which strongly resemble those observed at the flank by MMS. Observations from the three THEMIS spacecraft indicate the boundary layers are still evolving several hours after the IMF has turned northward. These observations advance our knowledge of the dynamic magnetopause and magnetosheath boundary layers under the combined effects of an ongoing storm and changing IMF.
The Interdecadal Weakening of the Relationship Between Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature and Summer Precipitation in Central Asia
Authors: Wei Yun , Yu Haipeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe close relationship between the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM) and summer precipitation in Central Asia (CA) has been documented in several studies. Nonetheless, this relationship has weakened since the 1990s and varies with the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO) phase transition. During the cold phase of the AMO (1970–1998), precipitation in CA was significantly positively correlated with the IOBM. Conversely, during the warm phase of the AMO (1999–2019), this correlation became insignificant. The decrease in the interannual variation in the IOBM resulted in the weakening of the atmospheric heat source variation over the North Indian continent and the south‐north movement of the subtropical westerly jet (SWJ). Along with the southerly SWJ, the IOBM exhibited only a weak positive correlation with precipitation in southern CA after the 1990s. This remarkable contrast in the impact of IOBM during different phases of the AMO offers intriguing possibilities for improving climate prediction in CA.
Genetic etiology of truncus arteriosus excluding 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and identification of c.1617del, a prevalent variant in TMEM260, in the Japanese population
Authors: Yaoita Hisao , Kawai Eiichiro , Takayama Jun , Iwasawa Shinya , Saijo Naoya , Abiko Masayuki , Suzuki Kouta , Kimura Masato , Ozawa Akira , Tamiya Gen , Kure Shigeo , Kikuchi Atsuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTruncus Arteriosus (TA) is a congenital heart disease characterized by a single common blood vessel emerging from the right and left ventricles instead of the main pulmonary artery and aorta. TA accounts for 4% of all critical congenital heart diseases. The most common cause of TA is 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, accounting for 12–35% of all TA cases. However, no major causes of TA other than 22q11.2 deletion have been reported. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 11 Japanese patients having TA without 22q11.2 deletion. Among five patients, we identified pathogenic variants in TMEM260; the biallelic loss-of-function variants of which have recently been associated with structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome (SHDRA). In one patient, we identified a de novo pathogenic variant in GATA6, and in another patient, we identified a de novo probably pathogenic variant in NOTCH1. Notably, we identified a prevalent variant in TMEM260 (ENST00000261556.6), c.1617del (p.Trp539Cysfs*9), in 8/22 alleles among the 11 patients. The c.1617del variant was estimated to occur approximately 23 kiloyears ago. Based on the allele frequency of the c.1617del variant in the Japanese population (0.36%), approximately 26% of Japanese patients afflicted with TA could harbor homozygous c.1617del variants. This study highlights TMEM260, especially c.1617del, as a major genetic cause of TA in the Japanese population.
Meta-analysis with systematic review to synthesize associations between oral health related quality of life and anxiety and depression
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , jafari Elahe , Roshandel Zahra , Potenza Marc N. , Lin Chung-Ying , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present systematic review aimed to investigate how oral health related quality of life (OHQOL) associates with anxiety and depression. The study protocol was registered prospectively in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023389372).Materials and methodsStudies investigating associations between OHQOL and depression and/or anxiety were included. Fisher’s Z scores were used to summarize associations between OHQOL and depression/anxiety. Funnel plots and Begg’s Tests were used to assess publication bias. Meta-regression was conducted to examine potential moderator effects in the associations. Academic databases including theISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ProQuestandPubMedwere systematically searched. The quality of included studies was checked with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsAll 15 included studies were cross-sectional (14,419 participants from nine countries; mean age=43.74 years). The pooled estimates showed weak associations between OHQOL and depression (Fisher’s z-score of 0.26 [95% CI = 0.17, 0.35; I2 = 96.2%; τ2 = 0.03]) and anxiety (Fisher’s z-score of 0.22 [95% CI = 0.001, 0.43; I2 = 97.9%; τ2 = 0.06]). No severe problems in methodology quality, publication biases, or moderator effects were observed.ConclusionBoth depression and anxiety were weakly associated with individuals’ OHQOL. Although the synthesized associations were not strong, they were significant, indicating that depression and anxiety are potential factors influencing individuals’ OHQOL.
NSD1 supports cell growth and regulates autophagy in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Topchu Iuliia , Bychkov Igor , Gursel Demirkan , Makhov Petr , Boumber Yanis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic management and immunotherapy, the 5-year survival rate for head and neck cancer remains at ~66% of all diagnosed cases. A better definition of drivers of HPV-negative HNSCC that are targetable points of tumor vulnerability could lead to significant clinical advances. NSD1 is a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 di-methylation (H3K36me2); mutations inactivating NSD1 have been linked to improved outcomes in HNSCC. In this study, we show that NSD1 induces H3K36me2 levels in HNSCC and that the depletion of NSD1 reduces HNSCC of cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We also find that NSD1 strongly promotes activation of the Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway. NSD1 depletion in HNSCC induces an autophagic gene program activation, causes accumulation of the p62 and LC3B-II proteins, and decreases the autophagic signaling protein ULK1 at both protein and mRNA levels. Reflecting these signaling defects, the knockdown of NSD1 disrupts autophagic flux in HNSCC cells. Taken together, these data identify positive regulation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling and autophagy as novel NSD1 functions in HNSCC, suggesting that NSD1 may be of value as a therapeutic target in this cancer.
The structure of tyrosine-10 favors ionic conductance of Alzheimer’s disease-associated full-length amyloid-β channels
Authors: Karkisaval Abhijith G. , Hassan Rowan , Nguyen Andrew , Balster Benjamin , Abedin Faisal , Lal Ratnesh , Tatulian Suren A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmyloid β (Aβ) ion channels destabilize cellular ionic homeostasis, which contributes to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. The relative roles of various Aβ isoforms are poorly understood. We use bilayer electrophysiology, AFM imaging, circular dichroism, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize channel activities of four most prevalent Aβ peptides, Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, and their pyroglutamylated forms (AβpE3-42, AβpE3-40) and correlate them with the peptides’ structural features. Solvent-induced fluorescence splitting of tyrosine-10 is discovered and used to assess the sequestration from the solvent and membrane insertion. Aβ1-42 effectively embeds in lipid membranes, contains large fraction of β-sheet in a β-barrel-like structure, forms multi-subunit pores in membranes, and displays well-defined ion channel features. In contrast, the other peptides are partially solvent-exposed, contain minimal β-sheet structure, form less-ordered assemblies, and produce irregular ionic currents. These findings illuminate the structural basis of Aβ neurotoxicity through membrane permeabilization and may help develop therapies that target Aβ-membrane interactions.
Cryo-EM structures of lipidic fibrils of amyloid-β (1-40)
Authors: Frieg Benedikt , Han Mookyoung , Giller Karin , Dienemann Christian , Riedel Dietmar , Becker Stefan , Andreas Loren B. , Griesinger Christian , Schröder Gunnar F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques. Investigation into the composition of these plaques revealed a high amount of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils and a high concentration of lipids, suggesting that fibril-lipid interactions may also be relevant for the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, we grew Aβ40 fibrils in the presence of lipid vesicles and determined their structure by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to high resolution. The fold of the major polymorph is similar to the structure of brain-seeded fibrils reported previously. The majority of the lipids are bound to the fibrils, as we show by cryo-EM and NMR spectroscopy. This apparent lipid extraction from vesicles observed here in vitro provides structural insights into potentially disease-relevant fibril-lipid interactions.
Polar bear energetic and behavioral strategies on land with implications for surviving the ice-free period
Authors: Pagano Anthony M. , Rode Karyn D. , Lunn Nicholas J. , McGeachy David , Atkinson Stephen N. , Farley Sean D. , Erlenbach Joy A. , Robbins Charles T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeclining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are thought to minimize activity to conserve energy. Here, we measure the daily energy expenditure (DEE), diet, behavior, movement, and body composition changes of 20 different polar bears on land over 19–23 days from August to September (2019–2022) in Manitoba, Canada. Polar bears on land exhibited a 5.2-fold range in DEE and 19-fold range in activity, from hibernation-like DEEs to levels approaching active bears on the sea ice, including three individuals that made energetically demanding swims totaling 54–175 km. Bears consumed berries, vegetation, birds, bones, antlers, seal, and beluga. Beyond compensating for elevated DEE, there was little benefit from terrestrial foraging toward prolonging the predicted time to starvation, as 19 of 20 bears lost mass (0.4–1.7 kg•day−1). Although polar bears on land exhibit remarkable behavioral plasticity, our findings reinforce the risk of starvation, particularly in subadults, with forecasted increases in the onshore period.
Bayesian evaluation of diverging theories of episodic and affective memory distortions in dysphoria
Authors: Duken Sascha B. , Keessen Liza , Hoijtink Herbert , Kindt Merel , van Ast Vanessa A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeople suffering from dysphoria retrieve autobiographical memories distorted in content and affect, which may contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of depression. However, key memory difficulties in dysphoria remain elusive because theories disagree how memories of different valence are altered. Here, we assessed the psychophysiological expression of affect and retrieved episodic detail while participants with dysphoria (but without a diagnosed mental illness) and participants without dysphoria relived positive, negative, and neutral memories. We show that participants with dysphoria retrieve positive memories with diminished episodic detail and negative memories with enhanced detail, compared to participants without dysphoria. This is in line with negativity bias but not overgeneral memory bias theories. According to confirmatory analyses, participants with dysphoria also express diminished positive affect and enhanced negative affect when retrieving happy memories, but exploratory analyses suggest that this increase in negative affect may not be robust. Further confirmatory analyses showed that affective responses to memories are not related to episodic detail and already present during the experience of new emotional events. Our results indicate that affective memory distortions may not emerge from mnemonic processes but from general distortions in positive affect, which challenges assumptions of memory theories and therapeutics. Protocol registration: The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on the 18rd of March 2021. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14605374.v1.
Decoupled electrolysis for hydrogen production and hydrazine oxidation via high-capacity and stable pre-protonated vanadium hexacyanoferrate
Authors: Lv Fei , Wu Jiazhe , Liu Xuan , Zheng Zhihao , Pan Lixia , Zheng Xuewen , Guo Liejin , Chen Yubin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDecoupled electrolysis for hydrogen production with the aid of a redox mediator enables two half-reactions operating at different rates, time, and spaces, which offers great flexibility in operation. Herein, a pre-protonated vanadium hexacyanoferrate (p-VHCF) redox mediator is synthesized. It offers a high reversible specific capacity up to 128 mAh g−1 and long cycling performance of 6000 cycles with capacity retention about 100% at a current density of 10 A g−1 due to the enhanced hydrogen bonding network. By using this mediator, a membrane-free water electrolytic cell is built to achieve decoupled hydrogen and oxygen production. More importantly, a decoupled electrolysis system for hydrogen production and hydrazine oxidation is constructed, which realizes not only separate hydrogen generation but electricity generation through the p-VHCF-N2H4 liquid battery. Therefore, this work enables the flexible energy conversion and storage with hydrogen production driven by solar cell at day-time and electricity output at night-time.
Structural and mechanistic characterization of bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase 1
Authors: Mycroft-West Courtney J. , Abdelkarim Sahar , Duyvesteyn Helen M. E. , Gandhi Neha S. , Skidmore Mark A. , Owens Raymond J. , Wu Liang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are major constituents of the extracellular matrix, which are involved in myriad structural and signaling processes. Mature HS polysaccharides contain complex, non-templated patterns of sulfation and epimerization, which mediate interactions with diverse protein partners. Complex HS modifications form around initial clusters of glucosamine-N-sulfate (GlcNS) on nascent polysaccharide chains, but the mechanistic basis underpinning incorporation of GlcNS itself into HS remains unclear. Here, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of human N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase (NDST)1, the bifunctional enzyme primarily responsible for initial GlcNS modification of HS. Our structures reveal the architecture of both NDST1 deacetylase and sulfotransferase catalytic domains, alongside a non-catalytic N-terminal domain. The two catalytic domains of NDST1 adopt a distinct back-to-back topology that limits direct cooperativity. Binding analyses, aided by activity-modulating nanobodies, suggest that anchoring of the substrate at the sulfotransferase domain initiates the NDST1 catalytic cycle, providing a plausible mechanism for cooperativity despite spatial domain separation. Our data shed light on key determinants of NDST1 activity, and describe tools to probe NDST1 function in vitro and in vivo.
A general computational design strategy for stabilizing viral class I fusion proteins
Authors: Gonzalez Karen J. , Huang Jiachen , Criado Miria F. , Banerjee Avik , Tompkins Stephen M. , Mousa Jarrod J. , Strauch Eva-Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany pathogenic viruses rely on class I fusion proteins to fuse their viral membrane with the host cell membrane. To drive the fusion process, class I fusion proteins undergo an irreversible conformational change from a metastable prefusion state to an energetically more stable postfusion state. Mounting evidence underscores that antibodies targeting the prefusion conformation are the most potent, making it a compelling vaccine candidate. Here, we establish a computational design protocol that stabilizes the prefusion state while destabilizing the postfusion conformation. With this protocol, we stabilize the fusion proteins of the RSV, hMPV, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, testing fewer than a handful of designs. The solved structures of these designed proteins from all three viruses evidence the atomic accuracy of our approach. Furthermore, the humoral response of the redesigned RSV F protein compares to that of the recently approved vaccine in a mouse model. While the parallel design of two conformations allows the identification of energetically sub-optimal positions for one conformation, our protocol also reveals diverse molecular strategies for stabilization. Given the clinical significance of viruses using class I fusion proteins, our algorithm can substantially contribute to vaccine development by reducing the time and resources needed to optimize these immunogens.
Structural basis for regulated assembly of the mitochondrial fission GTPase Drp1
Authors: Rochon Kristy , Bauer Brianna L. , Roethler Nathaniel A. , Buckley Yuli , Su Chih-Chia , Huang Wei , Ramachandran Rajesh , Stoll Maria S. K. , Yu Edward W. , Taylor Derek J. , Mears Jason A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMitochondrial fission is a critical cellular event to maintain organelle function. This multistep process is initiated by the enhanced recruitment and oligomerization of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at the surface of mitochondria. As such, Drp1 is essential for inducing mitochondrial division in mammalian cells, and homologous proteins are found in all eukaryotes. As a member of the dynamin superfamily of proteins (DSPs), controlled Drp1 self-assembly into large helical polymers stimulates its GTPase activity to promote membrane constriction. Still, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate correct spatial and temporal assembly of the fission machinery. Here we present a cryo-EM structure of a full-length Drp1 dimer in an auto-inhibited state. This dimer reveals two key conformational rearrangements that must be unlocked through intramolecular rearrangements to achieve the assembly-competent state observed in previous structures. This structural insight provides understanding into the mechanism for regulated self-assembly of the mitochondrial fission machinery.
Microenvironment reconstitution of highly active Ni single atoms on oxygen-incorporated Mo2C for water splitting
Authors: Hou Mengyun , Zheng Lirong , Zhao Di , Tan Xin , Feng Wuyi , Fu Jiantao , Wei Tianxin , Cao Minhua , Zhang Jiatao , Chen Chen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rational design of efficient bifunctional single-atom electrocatalysts for industrial water splitting and the comprehensive understanding of its complex catalytic mechanisms remain challenging. Here, we report a Ni single atoms supported on oxygen-incorporated Mo2C via Ni-O-Mo bridge bonds, that gives high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) bifunctional activity. By ex situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy, we found that after HER, the coordination number and bond lengths of Ni-O and Ni-Mo (Ni-O-Mo) were all altered, yet the Ni species still remain atomically dispersed. In contrast, after OER, the atomically dispersed Ni were agglomerated into very small clusters with new Ni-Ni (Ni-O-Ni) bonds appeared. Combining experimental results and DFT calculations, we infer the oxidation degree of Mo2C and the configuration of single-atom Ni are both vital for HER or OER. This study provides both a feasible strategy and model to rational design highly efficient electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.
Miniaturized and untethered McKibben muscles based on photothermal-induced gas-liquid transformation
Authors: Ai Wenfei , Hou Kai , Wu Jiaxin , Long Yue , Song Kai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPneumatic artificial muscles can move continuously under the power support of air pumps, and their flexibility also provides the possibility for applications in complex environments. However, in order to achieve operation in confined spaces, the miniaturization of artificial muscles becomes crucial. Since external attachment devices greatly hinder the miniaturization and use of artificial muscles, we propose a light-driven approach to get rid of these limitations. In this study, we report a miniaturized fiber-reinforced artificial muscle based on mold editing, capable of bending and axial elongation using gas-liquid conversion in visible light. The minimum volume of the artificial muscle prepared using this method was 15.7 mm3 (d = 2 mm, l = 5 mm), which was smaller than those of other fiber-reinforced pneumatic actuators. This research can promote the development of non-tethered pneumatic actuators for rescue and exploration, and create the possibility of miniaturization of actuators.