bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of MOSFET mismatch on the performance of single supply low voltage operational amplifiers
Authors: Ramakrishnan Radhalakshmi , Chaudhry Maqsood A. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeIn this paper, we study the effect on the performance of a single supply low voltage operational amplifier due to such a mismatch.Design/methodology/approachWe start with a given set of specifications and design a MOSFET based operational amplifier meeting those specifications. We then compute various parameters of the operational amplifier using PSPICE to verify that the amplifier meets the specifications. We create mismatch in three characteristics of differential pair MOSFETs: zero biased threshold voltage (Vth0), channel length (L) and process transconductance parameter (K). The effect of the mismatch on two performance parameters: (a) differential mode gain and (b) output DC voltage is then studied.FindingsThe effects of mismatch in MOSFET characteristics on the performance of single supply low voltage operational amplifiers are studied. Circuit designers can use the results to design operational amplifiers and other analog circuits to minimize the effects of such a mismatch on the performance of their circuits. In some cases, such a mismatch may even be desirable to obtain a desired performance from the circuit.Practical implicationsCircuit designers can use the results to design operational amplifiers and other analog circuits to minimize the effects of such a mismatch on the performance of their circuits.Originality/valueEffect of mismatch of the transistor characteristics on the performance of circuits rarely reported in literature. This study is presented to aid circuit designers in designing circuits with enhanced performance.
Lending a helping hand
Authors: Hetty van Emmerik I.J. , Jawahar I.M. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate if gender and altruism evidence similar relationships with the different types of helping behaviors (e.g. organizational citizenship behaviors, OCBs; volunteering, vol; and helping kin, HK).Design/methodology/approachData from websurveys of 178 professional employees are analyzed using Zellner's seemingly unrelated regression (SURE).FindingsResults indicate women engage in HK to a greater extent than men, however this difference between men and women in helping behaviors disappears when the other variables are entered in the model. Gender and altruism interacted to influence OCBs, such that the relationship was stronger for women than for men.Practical implicationsAn important implication of these results is that by knowing the motives that are most important to people, organizations may tailor their appeals to potential volunteers. Targeting potential volunteers is most effective when it matches people's reasons for volunteering.Originality/valueThe unique contribution of this study is that it simultaneously examined the relationship between altruism and the three types of helping behavior in a single study.
E‐learning: organizational requirements for successful feedback learning
Authors: Cegarra‐Navarro Juan G. , Sabater‐Sánchez Ramón 
Published: August 2005

PurposeFeedback learning transforms social knowledge into individual knowledge. In this process, tension arises because the current knowledge impedes the assimilation of new learning. Therefore, the feedback requires what Schumpeter refers to as “creative destruction”: discarding, or at least setting aside, the institutional order to enact variations that allow intuitive insights and actions to surface and be pursued. This paper examines the relative importance and significance of “technological systems” on feedback and the effects on the creation of relational capital.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the literature is reviewed to identify relevant measures and present a structural equation model, which is validated through an empirical investigation of 151 SMEs in the Spanish technological and information systems sector.FindingsThe results indicate that “the creative destruction” depends on the technology system of the company. Furthermore, if the creative destruction is a prior step in the feedback process, then the feedback process is influenced more by the creative destruction.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that despite the majority of companies having connections to the internet, managers do not know the potential business benefits of technology systems for their clients, individuals and teams, and ignore the problem of human integration.Originality/valueThe findings are significant, since they introduce the traditional focus of a technology system at the feedback learning process.
Valuing the adult learner in e‐learning: part one – a conceptual model for corporate settings
Authors: Waight Consuelo L. , Stewart Barbara L. 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo illustrate how the interdependence among four championing factors, five antecedents, and four moderators affect companies' efforts in valuing the adult learner in e‐learning.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted to identify the championing factors, antecedents, and moderators that can assist teams in designing e‐learning that values the adult learner. A conceptual model was designed based on the identified factors. The paper provides a description of each factor and provides insight on how the championing factors, antecedents, and moderators are interdependent in valuing the adult learner.FindingsEngagement, learning, and transfer are major outcomes that can be achieved via e‐learning if desirable championing factors, antecedents, and moderators are adhered. Championing factors include leadership, learning culture, technology infrastructure, and finance. Influencing antecedents include needs assessment, learning analysis, work setting analysis, work analysis, content analysis, and task analysis. Moderators include return on investment, learning theory application, technology, and creativity.Practical implicationsThe antecedents, moderators, and outcomes discussed reflect a conceptual model that can be used to guide e‐learning teams in their attempts to value adult learners in their e‐learning designs.Originality/valueWhile educational theorists and practitioners have provided a body of literature related to valuing adults in school settings, little investigation has been done in corporate contexts. This conceptual model is important to e‐learning teams within corporate settings as it provides an opportunity for critical reflection on how the adult learner can be valued in their e‐learning efforts.
Affordability and performance in the industrial property market
Authors: Tsolacos Sotiris , McGough Tony , Thompson Bob 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to assess the significance of cash flow and profitability survey data in the modelling and forecasting of industrial rents. These data, taken from the British Chambers of Commerce regional surveys of the manufacturing sector, are used as a partial proxy for the affordability of industrial space occupiers. In the absence of direct profitability measures existing studies approximate this information indirectly through output and to some extent employment variables.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐section time‐series framework is deployed to model regional industrial rents using a set of output and employment variables. The empirical model is subsequently augmented with the inclusion of the cash flow and profitability measures.FindingsConsistent with the findings of existing studies, changes in output are a significant influence on the variation of real industrial rents. Supportive evidence for turnover and profitability is found in four regions. In these regions cash flow variables contain additional information and improve the forecast performance of the base model. The empirical findings also extend to obtaining estimates after the BCC survey data are normalised with respect to the overall growth and the input costs manufacturers face in each of the regions.Originality/valueThe present study extends existing work on industrial rents by introducing more direct turnover and profitability series. Greater use of such series in property performance forecasting over short‐term horizons has the potential of resulting in smaller errors.
Pan‐European industrial property
Authors: Thompson Bob 
Published: August 2005

PurposeAims to highlights the changes ongoing in the distribution and logistics property sector across Europe and to show that wide differences remain between the sophisticated warehouse properties available in mature property markets and those available in traditional parochial markets found prevalently across the continent and especially in central and eastern Europe.Design/methodology/approachThe briefing is based on empirical and commercial research in all the national industrial property markets within the EU. It addresses changes in the drivers affecting logistics property and the industry responses to them. The changes include outsourcing; a desire for more flexible, responsive supply chains; globalisation of manufacturing; legislative change; and growing IT capability. Industry responses include the development of complex, highly specified warehousing; increased demand for sophisticated telecommunications; and optimization of location.FindingsSub‐optimal locations and poor specification have a direct impact on the cost of the operations using them. As a consequence logistics providers gravitate to newer, more highly specified buildings in locations optimised for their use. In an environment where, traditionally, distribution has a national focus, optimising locations for pan‐European distribution will inevitably render some locations sub‐optimal.Originality/valueAs Europe moves towards a genuine single market, traditional, nationally‐based distribution chains become ever less efficient in the delivery of goods. Concurrently, the complexity and configuration of the warehouse product are changing to accommodate more efficient identification, storage and retrieval technologies along with the need to service new types of market.
Pitfalls in implementing a strategic early warning system
Authors: Oliver Schwarz Jan 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons why the concept of a “strategic early warning system” (SEWS) has not been widely introduced and why it fails to be implemented successfully in German corporations. The aim of such systems is to detect changes in an organizational environment ahead of time by scanning the environment for “weak signals”, which come in the form of trends.Design/methodology/approachThe questions that arise, particularly because the concept of SEWS is not entirely new, are: What are the pitfalls in implementing these systems, why do they occur, and how can they be overcome? To answer these questions, a single case study was conducted.FindingsThe study suggests that the failure of SEWS is due mainly to a lack of participation of potential future users in the implementation phase, a lack of joint understanding of the nature of trends, differing and unrevealed requirements of trends by various interested parties, a broad misconception of the “weak signals” concept and trends, an excessively heavy reliance on alleged “hard data”, a lack of interaction among users, and finally a “missing link” to the strategic functions in an organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study are limited due to the fact that they are derived from a single case study.Originality/valueThe identification of pitfalls contributes to the research on implementing SEWS and this can also be linked to “strategic issue management” and the foresight process.
What should be the role of scientists in wars to come?
Authors: Richardson Jacques 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe paper seeks to explore the relationship between the state and scientists, specifically regarding the ethical and moral issues of research and development of weapons and military technology.Design/methodology/approachUsing a methodology of experiential reasoning, the author provides numerous examples of the quandary in which modern research finds itself and asks “What choice is the scientist or engineer to make?”FindingsThe author's perspective on the past and present symbiosis between science and the military shows, however, the future complexity and subtlety of this relationship. It is one that could have a direct bearing on the future of the human race.Originality/valueFor three generations the spectre of nuclear war has been a received idea of such awesome dimensions as to occlude other, perhaps more imminent, menaces. The paper highlights those threats and provides a positive guide for policy makers.
Packing and unpacking knowledge
Authors: Mouritsen Jan , Koleva Gergana 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse how a patent is an intangible asset and how it creates value.Design/methodology/approachThrough analysis of a set of cases, the paper analyses how a patent becomes related to a series of other elements. This approach investigates the details of how a patent becomes useful. Theoretically, the paper suggests that a patent only creates value from being entangled in a web of resources in action, contrasting this with patents on hold where they are described as entities but not as resources.FindingsThe paper shows that patens a valuable not by themselves (on hold) but by being linked to a series of other resources and purposes (in actions). To understand the value of the patent is to understand its relationships to other mechanism in production, marketing and finance.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper sets out an approach to study the value of patents which looks at the network around the patent. This is a limitation inasmuch as it is difficult to generalise the particular findings, but as a prospective research strategy, its strength is that is allows insight into the complexities of making patents valuable. This can also add to statistical work on the contingencies for patents' value.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that a strategy for patenting must pay attention to the different kinds of resources that make it useful. Often it is necessary to look far beyond the patent office to gain this knowledge. The management agenda is clear: the patent has to be entangled, but this also raises questions, because since the patent is an option, some of its value derives from exploring its possibilities. This however, blocks for its exploitation and thus causes opportunity costs. From a management point of view, it is not always clear that a patent should be used for its maximum potentiality, because this would disrupt the network is it part of and make it a very expensive resource to mobilise towards innovationOriginality/valueTypically, research on patents has taken the route via statistical and economic analysis. Our paper adds by showing the dynamics of managerial uses of patents and it shows that the structural conditioning of use of patents can fruitfully be supplemented by process and network approaches to their use.
Valuation of intellectual property
Authors: Chang Jow‐Ran , Hung Mao‐Wei , Tsai Feng‐Tse 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a new approach to evaluate intellectual property (IP) and uses a cautious view of how volatility impacts the economic value of IPs.Design/methodology/approachReal option is a useful tool for valuing investments under uncertainty and if it is applied to the valuation of IP with some modifications, it is also widely accepted. However, it is still debatable whether there is a constant rate‐of‐return. This paper incorporates a sensitivity variable to account for the volatility of the expected rate of return. Thus, rate‐of‐return can be a constant or increase with volatility.FindingsFirst, it was found in the simple model that Vega may be negative when the option is deep in the money. Second, in the general model, the option can be seen as a sequence of options and under the constant rate‐of‐return shortfall setting, it resembles traditional financial options with positive Vega.Originality/valueThe scenario set‐up allows the authors to explain why uncertainties of future cash flows drive firms to invest now instead of later.
Intellectual capital performance of commercial banks in Malaysia
Authors: Chen Goh Pek 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThis paper measured the intellectual capital performance of commercial banks in Malaysia for the period 2001 to 2003, using efficiency coefficient called VAIC™ developed by Ante Pulic.Design/methodology/approachData required to calculate human capital, structural capital and capital employed efficiencies were obtained from annual reports.FindingsAs a whole, all banks have relatively higher human capital efficiency than structural and capital efficiencies. Domestic banks were generally less efficient compared to foreign banks. Hong Leong Bank, Public Bank and Southern Bank were the top three efficient domestic banks based on VAICTM assessment, while Scotia Bank is the most efficient foreign bank. Public Bank and EON Bank have consistently showed improvement in efficiency in the three years. There were significant differences between rankings of bank according to efficiency and traditional accounting measures. In view of the findings that seven out of ten domestic banks did not show improvement in efficiency following the consolidation exercise requires an urgent attention and remedial actions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study failed to study all foreign banks operating in Malaysia. Future study should therefore further improve on the aspect of coverage.Practical implicationsThe findings allowed banks to benchmark themselves based on the level of efficiency rankings, to establish priorities and develop strategic plans, which will in turn enhance their future performance. The findings also could help stakeholders and investors assess the value creating potential of banks; and policy makers to formulate and implement policies for establishment of a resilient banking sector.Originality/valueThis study is the first study on Malaysian banks' intellectual capital performance.
Bridging the gap between disclosure and use of intellectual capital information
Authors: García‐Meca Emma 
Published: August 2005

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to examine the information regarding intellectual capital disclosed to financial analysts and to study if this data is finally considered in their decision‐making process.Design/methodology/approachThe database consists of 257 reports of presentations held by Spanish companies and 217 analyst reports issued during 2000 and 2001. The paper shows that information related to intellectual capital is widely reported to financial analysts and that they use it in their decision making process.FindingsThe findings show that some of the items most frequently disclosed in the meetings and considered in valuation tasks are related to coherence and credibility of strategy, alliances, or leadership. Nevertheless, the comparison shows that the disclosure on intangibles is higher than the level of this information included in the analyst reports. This paper contributes to three streams of literature. The first is the literature on intangible assets, to which we contribute by providing evidence of its disclosure through direct contacts. The second is the literature on analyst valuation, to which we contribute by increasing understanding of the role of intellectual capital in the decision‐making process of financial analysts. Finally, by comparing the results, we test the differences in the focus on intangibles between the main parties involved in the information flow: the discloser and the user of the information.Originality/valueThe analysis of non‐financial information currently reported in private channels and used by financial analysis may be of interest to policymakers or regulators in the setting of mandatory disclosure requirements regarding intangibles
IC statement vs environmental and social reports
Authors: Cordazzo Michela 
Published: August 2005

PurposeTo verify if the intellectual capital (IC) statement has some points of contact with environmental and social reports, or whether it can be considered as a brand‐new reporting model, which is completely detached and independent by the other two.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical analysis of environmental and social reports in Italy, and in particular an analysis whether some elements of IC statement are present in the environmental and social reports.FindingsA high level of dispersion in the information composing the environmental and social reports; a significant overlapping of data between these two sets of documents; and a quite relevant set of information in common between the environmental and social reports and the IC statement.Research limitations/implicationsThe environmental and social reports analysed could be not an exhaustive list, because Italian companies produce such reports on a voluntary basis and for internal purposes.Practical implicationsThe lack of uniformity in and between environmental and social reports, and the correspondence between many elements of those documents and the IC statement information seem to suggest that the environmental and social reports could probably serve as a support for the development of IC statement in the Italian context in the near future.Originality/valueLooks at the growing awareness of the multi‐dimensional nature of firm performance and the inadequacy of traditional accounting systems to account for issues posed by economic and technological environments.
Shaping ability of two rotary instruments in simulated canals: stainless steel ENDOflash and nickel‐titanium HERO Shaper
Authors: Perez F. , Schoumacher M. , Peli J. F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAim  To compare the shaping ability of two rotary instruments in simulated curved canals: stainless steel ENDOflash Files (KaVo, Biberach, Germany) and the recently introduced nickel‐titanium HERO Shaper instruments (Micro‐Mega, Besançon, France).Methodology  Simulated root canals with 35° curves in resin blocks were prepared to size 30, .04 taper (HERO Shaper) using a crowndown technique or size 30, .02 taper (ENDOflash) using a rotary motion and a rotation speed of 400 or 250 rpm respectively. In both groups, irrigation was performed with 1 mL distilled water after each instrument size and Glyde (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used. Canals (n = 17 per group) were scanned before, during and after preparation. The assessment of preparation shape was carried out with a computer image analysis program. Material removal was measured at seven points beginning 1 mm from the end‐point of the canal. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's test and Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05).Results  No instrument fractures, apical blockage or loss of working length(WL) occurred. More zips (10 vs. 4) and more strippings (17 vs. 0) were created with ENDOflash compared with the HERO Shaper. There were significant differences in terms of the amount of resin removed on the inner wall of the curvature obtained with the two instruments (P < 0.0001). On average, HERO Shaper instruments removed material more evenly on the outer and inner wall of the curvature. Considering the different points of measurement, there were significant differences between the two systems both on the inner and outer walls at WL‐1, 2, 5 and 6 mm (P < 0.05). The HERO Shaper had a more centred enlargement compared with the ENDOflash.Conclusions  Stainless steel rotary ENDOflash instruments did not perform as well as HERO Shaper instruments and created an increased risk of root canal transportation. Nickel‐titanium rotary HERO Shaper instruments maintained the original curvature significantly better.