bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cisplatin Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation via Inhibition of Nonhomologous End Joining
Authors: Boeckman Heather J. , Trego Kelly S. , Turchi John J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe combination of cisplatin and ionizing radiation (IR) treatment represents a common modality for treating a variety of cancers. These two agents provide considerable synergy during treatment, although the mechanism of this synergy remains largely undefined. We have investigated the mechanism of cisplatin sensitization to IR using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments. A clear synergistic interaction between cisplatin and IR is observed in cells proficient in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) catalyzed repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In contrast, no interaction between cisplatin and IR is observed in NHEJ-deficient cells. Reconstituted in vitro NHEJ assays revealed that a site-specific cisplatin-DNA lesion near the terminus results in complete abrogation of NHEJ catalyzed repair of the DSB. These data show that the cisplatin-IR synergistic interaction requires the DNA-dependent protein kinase–dependent NHEJ pathway for joining of DNA DSBs, and the presence of a cisplatin lesion on the DNA blocks this pathway. In the absence of a functional NHEJ pathway, although the cells are hypersensitive to IR, there is no synergistic interaction with cisplatin.
Discovery of Epigenetically Masked Tumor Suppressor Genes in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Takai Noriyuki , Kawamata Norihiko , Walsh Christine S. , Gery Sigal , Desmond Julian C. , Whittaker Sadie , Said Jonathan W. , Popoviciu Laura M. , Jones Peter A. , Miyakawa Isao , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Realization that many tumor suppressor genes are silenced by epigenetic mechanisms has stimulated the discovery of novel tumor suppressor genes. We used a variety of research tools to search for genes that are epigenetically silenced in human endometrial cancers. Changes in global gene expression of the endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa was analyzed after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine combined with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide bishydroxamide. By screening over 22,000 genes, candidate tumor suppressor genes were identified. Additional microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcription-PCR of normal and cancerous endometrial samples and search for CpG islands further refined the list. Tazarotene-induced gene-1 (Tig1) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/ebpα) were chosen for further study. Expression of both genes was low in endometrial cancer cell lines and clinical samples but high in normal endometrial tissues. Bisulfite sequencing, restriction analysis, and/or methylation-specific PCR revealed aberrant methylation of the CpG island in the Tig1 gene of all 6 endometrial cancer cell lines examined and 4 of 18 clinical endometrial cancers, whereas the C/ebpα promoter remained unmethylated in endometrial cancers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed increased acetylated histone H3 bound to both Tig1 and C/ebpα genes after treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and/or suberoylanilide bishydroxamide. Forced expression of either TIG1 or C/EBPα led to significant growth reduction of Ishikawa cells. Our data suggest that C/ebpα and Tig1 function as tumor suppressor proteins in endometrial cancers and that their reexpression may be a therapeutic target.
Requirement of Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase for Survival of v-Ras-Transformed Mammalian Cells
Authors: Nur-E-Kamal Alam , Zhang Ailing , Keenan Susan M. , Wang Xin I. , Seraj Jabed , Satoh Takaya , Meiners Sally , Welsh William J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK) has been shown to be an important effector molecule for the small GTPase Cdc42. We have shown previously an essential role for Cdc42 in the transduction of Ras signals for the transformation of mammalian cells. In this report, we show that the ACK-1 isoform of ACK plays a critical role in transducing Ras-Cdc42 signals in the NIH 3T3 cells. Overexpression of a dominant-negative (K214R) mutant of ACK-1 inhibits Ras-induced up-regulation of c-fos and inhibits the growth of v-Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Using small interfering RNA, we knocked down the expression of ACK-1 in both v-Ha-Ras-transformed and parental NIH 3T3 cells and found that down-regulation of ACK-1 inhibited cell growth by inducing apoptosis only in v-Ha-Ras-transformed but not parental NIH 3T3 cells. In addition, we studied the effect of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors and found that PD158780 inhibits the kinase activity of ACK-1 in vitro. We also found that PD158780 inhibits the growth of v-Ha-Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ACK-1 kinase plays an important role in the survival of v-Ha-Ras-transformed cells, suggesting that ACK-1 is a novel target for therapies directed at Ras-induced cancer.
Kimbanguism: Its Present Christian Doctrine and the Problems Raised by it
Authors: Kayongo Léon Nguapitshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAlthough the present publication does completely meet the requirements for an academic article, we have decided to publish it because of the insights it provides into the latest developments within the Kimbanguist Church in Congo. The author is a theologian who was Dean of the Kimbanguist Faculty of Theology in Lutendele near Kinshasa until mid 2003. He was deeply involved in the problems that arose in the beginning of the 21st century. He is also a person who is able to explain diligently the views of the different parties in the Kimbanguist Church. However, due to his own involvement in these developments the article has rather the character of a document written by a well-educated participant observer, who is very familiar with his subject, than that of a publication authored by a scholar who does his utmost to remain neutral.The document explains the theological, religious and contextual backdrops of the doctrine of the Trinity developed in the Kimbanguist Church, for in this church the persons of the Trinity are narrowly connected with the founder of the church and his family. Since 2001 these connections were even made more intense. Interestingly there are some Biblical reasons for it as well, but nonetheless the church seems to loose doctrinal familiarity with the other churches in the world through these new evolutions.
Why Become a Rainbow Church?
Authors: Calvert Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAcross the cities of Europe, there are new and growing Christian communities with leadership originating from Asia, Africa and Latin America. In recent years, the formation of SKIN (Samen Kerk in Nederland — Together Church in the Netherlands) and the publication of a book entitled Geboren in Sion (Born in Sion) have contributed to our understanding. However, it remains a major challenge for the indigenous churches to relate to their life and spirituality. Can we learn from Biblical models of heterogeneous and multicultural Christian communities in the New Testament? Different aspects of the identity and contrasting types of so-called migrant churches are explored in this paper which was first presented to the migrant study group at the Landelijke Diensten Centrum (National Service Centre) of the Protestantse Kerken in Nederland (Protestant Churches in the Netherlands) in Utrecht on November 15, 2004. Some examples have been cited from the city of Rotterdam and questions raised in order to how to recognize and receive their spiritual gift in the Netherlands.
Religion for Another Possible World
Authors: Balasuriya Tissa 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFigures derived from statistics show that large numbers of inhabitants of Europe have migrated all over the world in the past. Nowadays they still dominate economic and technological developments causing injustice in many countries, mainly outside Europe. As a result the economic system of the world is fundamentally unjust. Moreover the technological development supports the dominating powers at the cost of the poor and the oppressed. In the meantime a religious awakening is taking place. Unfortunately this religious renaissance tends to promote violence in many parts of the world. Therefore another religion is needed for another possible world. The second part of the article delineates the outlines of that other religion, which the main world religions seek for mutual contact and disclose the dangerous relationship between religion and power in many areas hoping to attain real conversion: choosing for the humanist core each world religion possesses.
Effects of cigarette smoke on degranulation and NO production by mast cells and epithelial cells
Authors: Wei Xiu M , Kim Henry S , Kumar Rakesh K , Heywood Gavin J , Hunt John E , McNeil H Patrick , Thomas Paul S 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is decreased by cigarette smoking. The hypothesis that oxides of nitrogen (NOX) in cigarette smoke solution (CSS) may exert a negative feedback mechanism upon NO release from epithelial (AEC, A549, and NHTBE) and basophilic cells (RBL-2H3) was tested in vitro. CSS inhibited both NO production and degranulation (measured as release of beta-hexosaminidase) in a dose-dependent manner from RBL-2H3 cells. Inhibition of NO production by CSS in AEC, A549, and NHTBE cells was also dose-dependent. In addition, CSS decreased expression of NOS mRNA and protein expression. The addition of NO inhibitors and scavengers did not, however, reverse the effects of CSS, nor did a NO donor (SNP) or nicotine mimic CSS. N-acetyl-cysteine, partially reversed the inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase release suggesting CSS may act via oxidative free radicals. Thus, some of the inhibitory effects of CSS appear to be via oxidative free radicals rather than a NOX -related negative feedback.
ProbeMaker: an extensible framework for design of sets of oligonucleotide probes
Authors: Stenberg Johan , Nilsson Mats , Landegren Ulf 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
Procedures for genetic analyses based on oligonucleotide probes are powerful tools that can allow highly parallel investigations of genetic material. Such procedures require the design of large sets of probes using application-specific design constraints.

Results
ProbeMaker is a software framework for computer-assisted design and analysis of sets of oligonucleotide probe sequences. The tool assists in the design of probes for sets of target sequences, incorporating sequence motifs for purposes such as amplification, visualization, or identification. An extension system allows the framework to be equipped with application-specific components for evaluation of probe sequences, and provides the possibility to include support for importing sequence data from a variety of file formats.

Conclusion
ProbeMaker is a suitable tool for many different oligonucleotide design and analysis tasks, including the design of probe sets for various types of parallel genetic analyses, experimental validation of design parameters, and in silico testing of probe sequence evaluation algorithms.
Diversity in domain architectures of Ser/Thr kinases and their homologues in prokaryotes
Authors: Krupa A , Srinivasan N 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
Ser/Thr/Tyr kinases (STYKs) commonly found in eukaryotes have been recently reported in many bacterial species. Recent studies elucidating their cellular functions have established their roles in bacterial growth and development. However functions of a large number of bacterial STYKs still remain elusive. The organisation of domains in a large dataset of bacterial STYKs has been investigated here in order to recognise variety in domain combinations which determine functions of bacterial STYKs.

Results
Using sensitive sequence and profile search methods, domain organisation of over 600 STYKs from 125 prokaryotic genomes have been examined. Kinase catalytic domains of STYKs tethered to a wide range of enzymatic domains such as phosphatases, HSP70, peptidyl prolyl isomerases, pectin esterases and glycoproteases have been identified. Such distinct preferences for domain combinations are not known to be present in either the Histidine kinase or the eukaryotic STYK families. Domain organisation of STYKs specific to certain groups of bacteria has also been noted in the current anlaysis. For example, Hydrophobin like domains in Mycobacterial STYK and penicillin binding domains in few STYKs of Gram-positive organisms and FHA domains in cyanobacterial STYKs. Homologues of characterised substrates of prokaryotic STYKs have also been identified.

Conclusion
The domains and domain architectures of most of the bacterial STYKs identified are very different from the known domain organisation in STYKs of eukaryotes. This observation highlights distinct biological roles of bacterial STYKs compared to eukaryotic STYKs. Bacterial STYKs reveal high diversity in domain organisation. Some of the modular organisations conserved across diverse bacterial species suggests their central role in bacterial physiology. Unique domain architectures of few other groups of STYKs reveal recruitment of functions specific to the species.
Characterization of the global profile of genes expressed in cervical epithelium by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE)
Authors: Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Riggins Gregory , Vázquez-Ortiz Guelaguetza , Moreno José , Arreola Hugo , Hidalgo Alfredo , Piña-Sanchez Patricia , Salcedo Mauricio 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a new technique that allows a detailed and profound quantitative and qualitative knowledge of gene expression profile, without previous knowledge of sequence of analyzed genes. We carried out a modification of SAGE methodology (microSAGE), useful for the analysis of limited quantities of tissue samples, on normal human cervical tissue obtained from a donor without histopathological lesions. Cervical epithelium is constituted mainly by cervical keratinocytes which are the targets of human papilloma virus (HPV), where persistent HPV infection of cervical epithelium is associated with an increase risk for developing cervical carcinomas (CC).

Results
We report here a transcriptome analysis of cervical tissue by SAGE, derived from 30,418 sequenced tags that provide a wealth of information about the gene products involved in normal cervical epithelium physiology, as well as genes not previously found in uterine cervix tissue involved in the process of epidermal differentiation.

Conclusion
This first comprehensive and profound analysis of uterine cervix transcriptome, should be useful for the identification of genes involved in normal cervix uterine function, and candidate genes associated with cervical carcinoma.
Bone mineral density and cytokine levels during interferon therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B: does interferon therapy prevent from osteoporosis?
Authors: Gur Ali , Dikici Bünyamin , Nas Kemal , Bosnak Mehmet , Haspolat Kenan , Sarac Aysegul Jale 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Our aim was to determinate bone mineral density (BMD), levels of biochemical markers and cytokines in children with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon (IFN)-alpha and to investigate effect of IFN-alpha therapy on these variables. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study carried out about BMD and cytokine levels in pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with IFN-alpha.

Methods
BMD, levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), calcium, alkaline phosphates (ALP), cytokines as TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2r, IL-6, and IL-8 were studied in 54 children with chronic hepatitis B (4–15 years old) treated with interferon alone (n = 19) or in combination with lamivudine (n = 35) for six months and as controls in 50 age-matched healthy children.

Results
There was no significant difference in respect to serum IL-1β, TNF-α and osteocalcin levels while serum IL-2r (p = 0.002), IL-6 (p = 0.001), IL-8 (p = 0.013), PTH (p = 0.029), and CTX (p = 0.021) levels were higher in children with chronic hepatitis B than in healthy controls. BMD of femur neck (p = 0.012) and trochanter (p = 0.046) in patients were higher than in healthy controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between serum IL-1β and osteocalcin (r = -0.355, p < 0.01); between serum IL-8 and CTX levels (r = 0.372, p = 0.01), and ALP (r = 0.361, p = 0.01); between serum ALP and femur neck BMD (r = 0.303, p = 0.05), and trochanter BMD (r = 0.365, p = 0.01); between spine BMD and IL-2R (r = -0.330, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study suggest that BMD of femur, serum IL-2r, IL-6, IL-8, PTH, and CTX levels were higher in children with chronic hepatitis B treated with IFN-alpha alone or combination with lamivudine than in healthy children. High femur BMD measurements found in patients may suggest that IFN-alpha therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B could contribute indirectly to prevent from hip osteoporosis. Additionally, further investigations on effects of IFN-alpha for bone structure in children should be performed in the future.
Oral ulcer as an exclusive sign of gastric cancer: report of a rare case
Authors: Colombo Piergiuseppe , Tondulli Luca , Masci Giovanna , Muzza Andrea , Rimassa Lorenza , Petrella Duccio , Santoro Armando 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
The oral cavity is a rare but occasional target for metastases, which may masquerade as various benign and inflammatory lesions, and sometimes also be asymptomatic. Oral metastatic lesions have been described in various cancers, particularly lung, breast and kidney carcinoma.

Case presentation
We here describe an uncommon case of a hard palate mucosa and gingival metastasis from gastric carcinoma that was originally diagnosed as a periodontal disease.
Histopathological examination of a biopsy of the lesion revealed a signet-ring cell carcinoma, and a subsequent biopsy of an ulcerated stomach lesion showed a poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma. The patient underwent gastric resection but died of heart failure on the tenth postoperative day; a post-mortem examination revealed a residual bilateral ovarian infiltration by gastric carcinoma (Krukenberg's tumor).

Conclusion
An occult carcinoma of the stomach may rarely metastasise to the oral cavity even as a first and exclusive manifestation; it is important to bear this possibility in mind because such conditions may mimic a benign disease.
Investigation of the expression of the EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yen-Ching , Perren Janeanne R , Douglas Evelyn L , Raynor Michael P , Bartley Maria A , Bardy Peter G , Stephenson Sally-Anne 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
The EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase has been reported as increased in tumours originating from several different tissues and its expression in a prostate cancer xenograft model has been reported.

Methods
RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine EphB4 expression and protein levels in human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145 and PC3. Immunohistochemistry was also used to examine localisation of EphB4 in tissue samples from 15 patients with prostate carcinomas.

Results
All three prostate cancer cell lines expressed the EphB4 gene and protein. EphB4 immunoreactivity in vivo was significantly greater in human prostate cancers as compared with matched normal prostate epithelium and there appeared to be a trend towards increased expression with higher grade disease.

Conclusion

EphB4 is expressed in prostate cancer cell lines with increased expression in human prostate cancers when compared with matched normal tissue. EphB4 may therefore be a useful anti-prostate cancer target.
How to promote, improve and test adherence to scientific evidence in clinical practice
Authors: Caminiti Caterina , Scoditti Umberto , Diodati Francesca , Passalacqua Rodolfo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Negative variation in the management of patients with the same clinical condition is frequent, and affects quality of care. Recent studies indicate that single interventions are not an effective solution. We aim to demonstrate that a multifaceted strategy can favor the introduction of research into practice, and to assess its long-term effects on a set of common medical conditions exhibiting significant negative variation at our institution.

Methods
The strategy, devised and agreed upon by a multidisciplinary group, was first applied to one relevant medical condition – cerebral ischemic stroke. To test its effectiveness a quasi-experimental study was conducted, comparing an intervention group with historical controls. After validation the strategy was extended to other pathologies, and its long-term effect measured using evidence-based quality indicators. Adherence to each indicator was determined prospectively on a six-month basis for a period of at least two consecutive years. Measures are expressed as proportions with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Validation findings demonstrated that the strategy improved compliance with scientific evidence: the percentage of patients who received a CT scan within 24 hours of hospital presentation rose from 56% to 75%, (χ2 = 7.43 p < 0.01); admissions to selected wards increased from 45% to 64%, (χ2 = 7.81 p < 0.01); the number of physical medicine visits within 24 hours of the request grew from 59% to 91% (χ2 = 14,40 p < 0.001). Over a four-year period the program was gradually applied to 14 medical conditions. Except for 3 cases, compliance with the pathway, i.e. number of eligible patients for whom data on the care process is collected, was above the minimum requirement of 75%. Indicator adherence generally exhibited a positive trend, though variability was observed both among different conditions and between different semesters for the same pathology.

Conclusion
According to our experience, incorporation of research into practice can be favored by systematically applying a shared, multifaceted strategy, involving multidisciplinary teams supported by central coordination. Institutions should device a tailor-made approach, should train personnel on implementation strategies, and create cultural acceptance of change. Just like for experimental trials, human and economic resources should be allocated within health care services to allow the achievement of this objective.