bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why People Volunteer
Authors: Sherr Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Ava, Raymond, and Duane work in different practice settings, they are each responsible for finding people who want to volunteer. Ava’s and Raymond’s professional roles involve screening, training, and assigning volunteers to work with clients at their agencies. They have each developed extensive processes for screening, training, and assigning volunteers to ensure that people are well prepared; however, their measure of success and effectiveness is determined primarily by their ability to recruit and retain volunteers. Stated differently, Ava and Raymond could have the most elaborate procedures in place for preparing volunteers, but if there are not enough people to volunteer, some women in Ava’s program may not be assigned mentors and some clients in Raymond’s program may not be paired with volunteers.
Jane Addams: Social Worker and Volunteer
Authors: Sherr Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Addams is one of the most written-about figures in social work, and there are a number of social work textbooks and biographies that highlight her accomplishments and provide useful analyses of her life and personality. Unlike other texts, this chapter does not focus on the person of Jane Addams and her accomplishments; instead, it examines how Addams accomplished so much. The chapter posits the following thesis regarding her approach and her accomplishments: Jane Addams’s approach to social work practice was to strategically engage the most people possible as potential volunteers to partner with her in addressing social issues. What made her so effective was her ability to recruit, join, and partner with all types of volunteers.
Changing the Context
Authors: Sherr Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recall that the CSOP model consists of two main components-assessing the specific context and creating optimal partnerships. Assessing the context involves collecting information from multiple sources to understand the parameters that define the specific context. The information from the assessment can then be used to develop the optimal mix of professionals and volunteers to address social problems and provide needed services to the community. But what if the assessment shows that the context, at least partially, contributes to the existence of the social problems that need to be addressed? In such cases social workers’ interventions must be aimed at adjusting the context.
Understanding the Systems that Serve Children
Authors: Strom-Gottfried Kim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The major child-serving systems—child welfare, juvenile justice, mental health, education, substance abuse, and health—all embrace distinct philosophic orientations, policy mandates, values, and interventions. These variables influence the ways that ethical dilemmas are approached and resolved in those settings. The decision-making framework used in this book encourages multiple grounded perspectives for resolving dilemmas and therefore requires consideration of the unique characteristics of the settings in which decisions are made.
Justice-vs-Mercy Dilemmas
Authors: Strom-Gottfried Kim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dilemmas that involve the enforcement of policies usually come down to tensions between justice and mercy. Policies specifying processes, consequences, requirements, and eligibility standards exist to ensure that decisions are standardized according to certain criteria, rather than left to the whims of an individual. Such rules are intended to guarantee due process, ensuring that relevant facts and qualifications are taken into account and irrelevant variables are not. Thus, if a school has a zero-tolerance policy for alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, the presumption is that the criteria and consequences are handled consistently regardless of what substances are being used, where they are being used, or who is using them. However, the application of rules and policies is not always so clear cut.
Ambassador Wendy R. Sherman:A Social Worker at the Forefront of Foreign Policy
Authors: Lieberman Alice 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We all go through life hearing the names of people who populate the various realms of our world, but we are often surprised when those people turn out to be closer to us than we imagined. Such is the case with Ambassador Wendy R. Sherman, whom former secretary of state Madeleine Albright (2004) called ‘‘a shrewd and resilient veteran of numerous Washington wars who [can] learn any subject faster than anyone I [know]’’ (p. 233). This is one of the reasons Secretary Albright chose Sherman for the position of State Department counselor, in 1997. In her memoir, Madame Secretary, Albright further details the logic behind her choice: ‘‘The position . . . is of special importance because it has no formal place in the bureaucratic hierarchy and has little staff. To be useful, the [counselor] must give the Secretary better advice than she receives elsewhere, then have the drive to make sure that advice is implemented should it become policy.
Mulu Haile: An Advocate for Ethiopian Women
Authors: Butterfield Alice K , Abye Tigest K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary author of this chapter has a long-standing interest in international social work and in Ethiopia in particular. In the course of her research, she met Mulu Haile and the second author, a native of Ethiopia, who was able to conduct the interview in their native language. As a young woman starting out, Mulu had some rather unconventional life goals for a woman in Ethiopia. In this chapter, you will see that many female-headed families in Ethiopia’s poorest communities are better off for her success in attaining those goals.
Reverend Debra Trakel: Fighting for Milwaukee’s Hungry, Homeless, and Displaced
Authors: Padgett Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently, Rev. Debra Trakel’s office was awarded the Hole in the Wall Award by staff at the neighborhood meal program. Large, comfortable, and packed with books, couches, and other accoutrements of her work, Rev. Debra’s office may be a bit out of the way by downtown standards, but it is central to the church and the people she serves. Rev. Debra is an ordained pastor and the rector of St. James Episcopal Church, in the center of the city of Milwaukee. As pastor, Rev. Debra serves her parishioners and the local community in one of the poorest zip codes in the state. She is also an MSW.
Toward Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toward Evidence-Based Practice: Variations on a Theme is an insight¬ful collection of previously published articles by one of social work’s most controversial figures, Joel Fischer, a long time advocate of research and research-based practices. In this book, which includes his groundbreaking 1973 article, “Is casework effective?” and ending with excerpts of his most recent Reflections, Fischer offers insight on the field of social work and the struggle toward evidence-based practice and empirically supported interventions.
Introduction
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Interpersonal helping”—the topic of this book—encompasses a wide variety of interventive practices, methods and techniques. In the broadest sense, interpersonal helping can be described as informed, purposeful intervention either directly with, or on behalf of, a given person or persons (client). The goal of such intervention is to bring about positive changes either directly in the client’s functioning, or in environmental factors immediately impinging on the client’s functioning. These interventions are intended to enhance aspects of the client’s feelings, attitudes and/or behaviors in such a way that his personal and social functioning will be more satisfying and beneficial to him.
Introducing New Technology into Social Agencies: The Case of Behavior Modification
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There seems to be a pattern in the introduction of new practice concepts into social work practice (Carter and Stuart, 1970). First, a few social workers introduce the ideas into practice and the social work literature. As the ideas spread, others in the field may inspect the ideas, often with a negative bias, and achieve consensus in rejecting the new and restating their allegiance to the established. As the number of people who experiment with the approach increase, some in the field begin to rephrase their evaluation in terms of the ideas having some, but limited, applications (Bruck, 1968). Or sometimes, the ideas may be viewed as all right, but nothing really new. Subsequently, the field may bifurcate (as it did in the functional-diagnostic schism) or—as seems to be happening in the case of the introduction of behavior modification—the concepts slowly begin to be infused into the mainstream of social work practice.
An Eclectic Base for Practice
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter One called for caseworkers to be aware of and use, when appropriate, knowledge from diverse sources, regardless of whether that knowledge is derived from within or outside the profession. Such a stance, though, does suggest some questions regarding the knowledge base for the practice of social casework: (1) Are there any limitations to the types of knowledge caseworkers should use; (2) how should caseworkers select that knowledge; and (3) how can caseworkers organize such knowledge into an integrated, effective approach?
Eclectic Casework
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The winds of change are blowing on social casework. Since the earliest days of the profession, most caseworkers tended to approach knowledge development for practice in more or less unsystematic, haphazard, and uncritical ways. Criteria for knowledge selection were either vague, undefined, or, when they were available, unrelated to the empirical status of the knowledge. Such criteria included the comfort of the practitioner with new knowledge, the prestige of the proponent of new knowledge, or consensus among experts or peers. Part and parcel of this era was an inability of caseworkers to demonstrate their effectiveness in empirical research (Fischer, 1973, 1976). But the last decade or so has seen major changes in the world view of many caseworkers, changes that have been described elsewhere as—in Kuhn’s (1970) terms—revolutionary (Fischer, 1981). There appears to be a paradigm shift underway in casework involving a movement toward more systematic, rational, and empirically oriented development, selection, and use of knowledge for practice with a concomitant increase in practice effectiveness (Reid & Hanrahan, 1982). For want of better terminology, it appears as though casework is moving toward the development of a practice that could be called scientifically based. This development in social work, or at least its potential, is one that has also been noted by a number of other authors (Mullen, 1978; Thomas, 1977; Reid, 1978; Hepworth & Larsen, 1982; Gambrill, 1983; Wodarski, 1981; Bloom, 1975; Briar, 1978).
Meta-analysis: The Premise, the Problems, the Promise
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What responsibilities do social workers have when new tools or technologies became available? The possibilities range from uncritical and total adoption of the new technology, to uncritical and total rejection of the new technology. Somewhere in between lies the critical evaluation and assessment of the potentialities of the new technology, and adoption or adaptation of those components that both can withstand careful scrutiny and appear to offer benefits for some aspects of the social work enterprise. With the fairly recent advent of the methods of meta-analysis, social work has the perfect opportunity to engage in this process of careful and critical evaluation of a new technology that may have important implications for the field.
Empirically Based Practice: The End of Ideology
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been a full decade since a series of changes that were occurring in social work were dubbed a “quiet revolution” (Fischer, 1981). The revolution was viewed essentially as a move away from vague, unvalidated, and haphazardly derived knowledge traditionally used in social work toward more systematic, rational, and empirically oriented development and use of knowledge for practice. The changes in the field that were seen as some of the components of the revolution were: (1) work on systematizing the processes of knowledge development in social work;
The Contribution of Mindfulness Practice to the Development of Professional Self-Concept in Students of Social Work
Authors: Birnbaum Liora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The use of mindfulness meditation in teaching social work represents a shift in social work education toward a broader holistic approach that utilizes bodily, cognitive, and emotional personal experiences in the learning process (Canda & Smith, 2001). The social work literature tends to be limited to describing the emotional and educational benefits associated with mindfulness meditation, among them emotional regulation, enhanced community and self-awareness, and an enriched teaching curriculum. Although these benefits have been studied and docu- mented, it is not clear how mindfulness produces them.
Mindfulness-Influenced Social Work Practice with Immigrants
Authors: George Miriam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When I first met Ms. Nair, I expected my session with her to be no different from those with my other clients. Instead, it turned out to be one of the greatest learning experiences of my life. Ms. Nair came from India and had been physically abused by her husband before and after her migration to Canada and was also adjusting to her new life in this new country. She had recently been involved in a workplace accident and was receiving mental health support. Neither my personal experience as an immigrant nor my professional knowledge as a clinical social worker prepared me for this unusual therapy session.
Mindfulness in Activism: Fighting for Justice as a Self-Reflective Emancipatory Practice
Authors: Lysack Mishka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Activism is conceptualized as acting as a change agent to transform society through externalized action. As noted by Dorothy E. Smith (2006), ‘‘an activist sees the world in terms of what people are doing— what he is or she is doing and what others are doing’’ (p. 21). However, activism also embodies a transformative and transcendent personal quality of mindful internalized action, variously called conviction, courage, righteousness, or that ‘‘still small voice within,’’ as articulated by Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of India’s movement for independence from British colonial rule. I see mindfulness as foundational to work devoted to the realization of social justice. An activist’s work has the potential to be either poetic and courageous or destructive and blind in its intent and consequences. Therefore, an activist needs to purposively direct her intent in order for her actions to be congruent with social justice aims. The activist who endeavours’ to integrate her consciousness of self with her awareness of societal injustices maintains her usefulness for realizing fundamental social change. Mindfulness can be seen as a necessary condition for an activist to become mature in her passion and mission to fight for justice.
MET variants with activating N-lobe mutations identified in hereditary papillary renal cell carcinomas still require ligand stimulation
Authors: Guérin Célia , Vinchent Audrey , Fernandes Marie , Damour Isabelle , Laratte Agathe , Tellier Rémi , Estevam Gabriella O. , Meneboo Jean-Pascal , Villenet Céline , Descarpentries Clotilde , Fraser James S. , Figeac Martin , Cortot Alexis B , Rouleau Etienne , Tulasne David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRCC), the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations recorded to date are located in the kinase domain and lead to constitutive MET activation. This contrasts with MET mutations identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which lead to exon 14 skipping and deletion of a regulatory domain: in this latter case, the mutated receptor still requires ligand stimulation. Sequencing of MET in samples from 158 HPRCC and 2808 NSCLC patients revealed ten uncharacterized mutations. Four of these, all found in HPRCC and leading to amino acid substitutions in the N-lobe of the MET kinase, proved able to induce cell transformation, which was further enhanced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation: His1086Leu, Ile1102Thr, Leu1130Ser and Cis1125Gly. Similar to the variant resulting in MET exon 14 skipping, the two N-lobe MET variants His1086Leu and Ile1102Thr were found to require stimulation by HGF in order to strongly activate downstream signaling pathways and epithelial cell motility. The Ile1102Thr mutation also displayed transforming potential, promoting tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, the N-lobe-mutated MET variants were found to trigger a common HGF-stimulation-dependent transcriptional program, consistent with an observed increase in cell motility and invasion. Altogether, this functional characterization revealed that N-lobe variants still require ligand stimulation, in contrast to other RTK variants. This suggests that HGF expression in the tumor microenvironment is important for tumor growth. The sensitivity of these variants to MET inhibitors opens the way for use of targeted therapies for patients harboring the corresponding mutations.
Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements
Authors: Silver Brianna D. , Willett Courtney G. , Maher Kelsey A. , Wang Dongxue , Deal Roger B. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTTranscriptional initiation is among the first regulated steps controlling eukaryotic gene expression. High-throughput profiling of fungal and animal genomes has revealed that RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) often initiates transcription in both directions at the promoter transcription start site (TSS), but generally only elongates productively into the gene body. Additionally, Pol II can initiate transcription in both directions at cis-regulatory elements (CREs) such as enhancers. These bidirectional Pol II initiation events can be observed directly with methods that capture nascent transcripts, and they are also revealed indirectly by the presence of transcription-associated histone modifications on both sides of the TSS or CRE. Previous studies have shown that nascent RNAs and transcription-associated histone modifications in the model plantArabidopsis thalianaaccumulate mainly in the gene body, suggesting that transcription does not initiate widely in the upstream direction from genes in this plant. We compared transcription-associated histone modifications and nascent transcripts at both TSSs and CREs inArabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, andHomo sapiens. Our results provide evidence for mostly unidirectional Pol II initiation at both promoters and gene-proximal CREs ofArabidopsis thaliana, whereas bidirectional transcription initiation is observed widely at promoters in bothDrosophila melanogasterandHomo sapiens, as well as CREs inDrosophila. Furthermore, the distribution of transcription-associated histone modifications around TSSs in theOryza sativa(rice) andGlycine max(soybean) genomes suggests that unidirectional transcription initiation is the norm in these genomes as well. These results suggest that there are fundamental differences in transcriptional initiation directionality between flowering plant and metazoan genomes, which are manifested as distinct patterns of chromatin modifications around RNA polymerase initiation sites.
Applicability of multiple quantitative magnetic resonance methods in genetic brain white matter disorders
Authors: Stellingwerff Menno D. , Al‐Saady Murtadha L. , Chan Kwok‐Shing , Dvorak Adam , Marques José P. , Kolind Shannon , Roosendaal Stefan D. , Wolf Nicole I. , Barkhof Frederik , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Pouwels Petra J. W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of tissue microstructure are important for monitoring brain white matter (WM) disorders like leukodystrophies and multiple sclerosis. They should be sensitive to underlying pathological changes. Three whole‐brain isotropic quantitative methods were applied and compared within a cohort of controls and leukodystrophy patients: two novel myelin water imaging (MWI) techniques (multi‐compartment relaxometry diffusion‐informed MWI: MCR‐DIMWI, and multi‐echo T2 relaxation imaging with compressed sensing: METRICS) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).MethodsFor 9 patients with different leukodystrophies (age range 0.4‐62.4 years) and 15 control subjects (2.3‐61.3 years), T1‐weighted MRI, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, multi‐echo gradient echo with variable flip angles, METRICS, and multi‐shell diffusion‐weighted imaging were acquired on 3 Tesla. MCR‐DIMWI, METRICS, NODDI, and quality control measures were extracted to evaluate differences between patients and controls in WM and deep gray matter (GM) regions of interest (ROIs). Pearson correlations, effect size calculations, and multi‐level analyses were performed.ResultsMCR‐DIMWI and METRICS‐derived myelin water fractions (MWFs) were lower and relaxation times were higher in patients than in controls. Effect sizes of MWF values and relaxation times were large for both techniques. Differences between patients and controls were more pronounced in WM ROIs than in deep GM. MCR‐DIMWI‐MWFs were more homogeneous within ROIs and more bilaterally symmetrical than METRICS‐MWFs. The neurite density index was more sensitive in detecting differences between patients and controls than fractional anisotropy. Most measures obtained from MCR‐DIMWI, METRICS, NODDI, and diffusion tensor imaging correlated strongly with each other.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐concept study shows that MCR‐DIMWI, METRICS, and NODDI are sensitive techniques to detect changes in tissue microstructure in WM disorders.
Cantilever beam bending as a potential method to determine the elasticity of cooked Udon noodles
Authors: Jiang Song , Xu Congmei , Jiang Yiyi , Xu Bin , Liu Shuyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElasticity is a critical measure of the eating quality of Udon noodles. To characterize the elasticity of Udon noodles, an instrumental method based on the cantilever beam bending test was established. Firstly, the optimum test parameters were determined. Then, texture profile analysis, compression, tension, and cantilever beam bending methods were used to measure the elasticity of 25 commercial Udon noodles with different shapes and sizes, and the correlations between elasticity obtained by the above instrumental methods and sensory evaluation were analyzed. Finally, how the shape and size of Udon noodles influenced their elasticity was discussed in detail. Within the deflection of 2.0 mm, the force increased approximately linearly with increasing deflection, and moderate loading speed (0.5–1.0 mm/s) should be used in the cantilever beam bending experiments to improve the accuracy of results. The bending stiffness obtained by the cantilever beam bending method exhibited a higher coefficient of variation and stronger correlation with the elasticity of sensory evaluation than other instrumental methods. Furthermore, the Udon noodle sample with a higher size, especially the thickness, had higher elasticity, and the Udon noodle sample with a rectangular cross‐section showed higher elasticity than that with a circular cross‐section. In conclusion, the bending stiffness determined by the cantilever beam bending method could be used to characterize the elasticity of cooked Udon noodles.