bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal quantum speed for mixed states
Authors: Naderzadeh-ostad Ashraf , Akhtarshenas Seyed Javad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The question of how fast a quantum state can evolve is considered. Using the definition of squared speed based on the Euclidean distance given in (Brody and Longstaff 2019 Phys. Rev. Res.
2 033127), we present a systematic framework to obtain the optimal speed of a d-dimensional system evolved unitarily under a time-independent Hamiltonian. Among the set of mixed quantum states having the same purity, the optimal state is obtained in terms of its purity parameter. We show that for an arbitrary d, the optimal state is represented by a X-state with an additional property of being symmetric with respect to the secondary diagonal. For sufficiently low purities for which the purity exceeds the purity of maximally mixed state

I

/

d

by at most

2

/

d
2

, the only nonzero off-diagonal entry of the optimal state is

ϱ

1
d

, corresponding to the transition amplitude between two energy eigenstates with minimum and maximum eigenvalues, respectively. For larger purities, however, whether or not the other secondary diameter entries

ϱ

i
,
d
−
i
+
1

take nonzero values depends on their relative energy gaps

|

E

d
−
i
+
1

−

E

i

|

. The effects of coherence and entanglement, with respect to the energy basis, are also examined and found that for optimal states both resources are monotonic functions of purity, so they can cause speed up quantum evolution leading to a smaller quantum speed limit. Our results show that although the coherence of the states is responsible for the speed of evolution, only the coherence caused by some off-diagonal entries located on the secondary diagonal play a role in the fastest states.
Dried probiotics enhances immunity and liver function of final production laying hens maintained at upper temperatures zone
Authors: Adriani L , Permana R , Latipudin D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dried probiotics (DP) are feed additives, capable of increasing body resistance and maintaining the balance of the microbial ecosystem in the digestive tract against pathogenic bacteria. Biological age and environmental temperature are important factors determining immunity and liver function. This investigation was performed to evaluate the effect of dry probiotics on immunity (lymphocytes, neutrophils and their balance) and liver function of layer-phase laying hens. This study used 40 layer-phase hens aged 70 weeks with the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. It was divided into 4 treatments and 5 replicates., each treatment was without dry probiotics in the diet, 2% dry probiotics in the diet, 3% dry probiotics in the diet, and 4% dry probiotics in the diet. Blood sampling was done every month during the three-month experimental period. The results showed that feeding 4% dry probiotics in the diet had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the levels of lymphocytes, neutrophils and transferase enzyme profile. The immunity and liver function of laying hens appeared to be optimized by feeding 4% dry probiotics in the ration.
Fatty acid composition of Albizia, Calliandra, Leucaena and Sesbania as tropical forage legumes
Authors: Yanza Y R , Niderkorn V , Jayanegara A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of the present experiment was to determine fatty acids composition of Albizia falcataria (AF), Calliandra calothyrsus (CC), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), and Sesbania grandiflora (SG), both in the leaves and in the in vitro rumen fermentation system. Ground leaf samples of AF, CC, LL and SG were determined for their fatty acid (FA) profiles. The samples (200 mg DM each) were incubated in vitro in a rumen:buffer solution (1:2 v/v ratio) at 39°C for 24 h, either with or without the addition of linseed oil, conducted in four replicates. Following the incubation, the fermentation medium was subjected to fatty acid determination. Results revealed that the order of PUFA contents in the leaves from highest to lowest were CC>LL>SG>AF. Proportion of MUFA was particularly high in CC. Notably, the α-linolenic acid (ALA) concentration within the rumen after the in vitro incubation exhibited in the CC legume compared to the other observed legumes (P<0.05). Additionally, the in vitro incubation of CC resulted in the lowest concentration of stearic acid. The findings lead to the conclusion that CC exhibits more favorable FA profiles in the rumen when compared to the tropical forage tree-legumes in the present experiment.
Lipid regulation by early administration of irradiated chitosan and glutathione in heat-stressed broilers
Authors: Aritonang H N , Mushawwir A , Adriani L , Puspitasari T 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research was conducted to determine the effect of irradiated chitosan and glutathione on lipid regulation of broiler and its impact on free radical compounds. One hundred broiler starter phase as the objects of research. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with experimental protocols method, consisting of nine treatments and three replications. Each replication consist of five broilers, namely P0 = without giving chitosan and glutathione, PA1 = given 100 ppm chitosan from the age of 4-35 days, PA2 = 450 ppm chitosan from the age of 4-35 days, PA3 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione from the age of 4-35 days, PA4 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione from the age of 4-35 days, PB1 = 300 ppm chitosan from the age of 20-35 days, PB2 = 450 chitosan ppm since the age of 20-35 days, PB3 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione since the age of 20-35 days and PA4 = 100 ppm chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione since the age of 20-35 days. Parameters observed in this study, namely regulators and broiler lipid transport (Apo A1, Apo A2, Apo B, Apo C, HDL, LDL), plasma lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, NEFA), The results showed that the administration of irradiated chitosan and glutathione had a significant effect (P<0.05) on regulators and broiler lipid transport by fed 450 ppm of irradiated chitosan with 150 ppm of glutathione. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the administration of irradiated chitosan accompanied by glutathione induction in broiler rations can affect lipid regulation and biochemical aspects and performance as a result of this regulation. Giving chitosan as much as 450 ppm with 150 ppm induced glutathione since the early age of the finisher phase (20 days) was able to regulate lipid biosynthesis optimally with the best final body weight.
Blood profiles of Etawa crossbreed goats fed concentrates substitution diet with bread waste
Authors: Hanifa A , Widyawati S D , Hadi R F , Sudiyono S , Rokhmah T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the maximum level of the use of bread waste as a substitute for concentrates on feed utilization by livestock through blood profiles consisting of the amount of hemoglobin, erythrocyte numbers, hematocrit levels and leukocyte numbers. The material used in this study was 15 lactating Etawa crossbreed goats. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with 3 treatments and 5 replicates. The feed treatment given was forage and concentrate with a composition of 20:80 with ration treatments namely P1 = Silages 20% + Concentrates 64% + Bread waste 16% + Zeolite 2%, P2 = Silages 20% + Concentrates 56% + Bread waste 24% + Zeolite 2%, P3 = Silages 20% + Concentrates 48% + Bread waste 32% + Zeolite 2%. The observed variables were hemoglobin level (g/dL), erythrocyte count (million/μL), hematocrit level (%) and leukocyte count (thousand/μL). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the blood profile which included hemoglobin levels, erythrocyte numbers, hematocrit levels and leukocyte numbers. Substitution of 24% bread flour in the ration gave the highest blood profile calculation results among the three treatments. The amount of Hemoglobin (g/dL) of P1, P2 and P3 were 8.88; 10.05 and 8.94. Erythrocyte numbers (million/μL). P1, P2 and P3 were 14.23; 15.92 and 14.59 respectively. Hematocrit levels (%) P1, P2 and P3 were 28.3; 30.98 and 28.72. Leukocyte numbers (thousand/μL) of P1, P2 and P3 were 13.68; 18.00 and 17.3. The conclusion of this study is that bread flour can be used as a substitute for concentrate up to 32% level in the ration and can maintain the blood profile of lactating Ettawa crossbreed goats in a normal state.
The villi ileum growth of native quail fed by irradiated chitosan with glutathione from early age in high temperature
Authors: Mushawwir A , Permana R , Darwis D , Puspitasari T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A total of 105 2-day-old quails (DOQ), reared at high temperature (390C) until 35 days of age, to investigate the effect of chitosan irradiated with early glutathione induction on ileal villus growth in quails. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with experimental method, consist of 5 treatments with 3 replications. Each replication consist of 7 DOQs. Treatment was given from day 4 to 35, namely P0 = basal diet without irradiated chitosan and glutathione, P1 = basal diet with 100 ppm irradiated chitosan, P2 = basal diet with 450 ppm irradiated chitosan, P3 = basal diet with 100 ppm irradiated chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione, P4 = basal diet with 450 ppm irradiated chitosan + 150 ppm glutathione. Sample was collected by choosing randomly one quail in each experimental unit so there are 15 samples. Parameters observed in this research were ileal morphometrics (ileal length, number, height, and width of ileal villi) and ileal villi cell profiles (number of goblet cells, normal cells, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells). The results showed that irradiated chitosan with glutathione induction had a significant effect (P<0,05) on morphometric and cell profile of ileal villi, except ileal length. The growth of villi ileum in quail optimal through 100 ppm irradiated chitosan with 150 ppm glutathione.
In vitro fermentation characteristic and digestibility of dairy ration supplemented with Aspergillus oryzae inoculum
Authors: Rakhmani S I W , Widiawati Y , Kusumaningrum D A , Ahmad S N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In vitro experiment has been carried out to study the effect of Aspergillus oryzae inoculum (AOI) supplementation on dairy cow rations. The observed effects include the digestibility of crude protein, NDF, dry matter and organic matter in the in vitro digestive system of the ration using rumen-buffer fluid mixture. The Experiment design using complete randomize design (CRD) consist of four treatments: Control (Commercial dairy feed), C2 (Commercial dairy feed + 2 g AOI), C4 (Commercial dairy feed + 4 g AOI) and C8 (Commercial dairy feed + 8 g AOI). The additional administration of 2, 4 and 8 grams of AOI/kg rations showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of the total volatile fatty acid content. However, the ratio of acetate/propionate (A/P) was reduced significantly. The highest increase in protein, fiber and dry matter digestibility was shown by C4 treatment (supplementation of 4 g AOI/kg ration). Based on the results of this in vitro study, the supplementation of AOI to dairy cow rations improves the digestibility of nutrients in feed.
Detection of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat in traditional markets in Surakarta City
Authors: Marsini M , Pawestri W , Wati A K , Yanti Y , Utami L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This research aims to detect the presence of penicillin, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Surakarta City. A total of 60 research samples were collected from traditional markets. Subsequently, the samples were examined at BBVet Wates, Yogyakarta, to identify the presence of antibiotic residues. The results showed that 16.67% of the chicken breast meat samples tested positive for penicillin and 10% showed traces of macrolide antibiotic residues. For chicken thigh meat, 63.33% tested positive for penicillin, while 3.33% contained macrolide antibiotic residues. However, no tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotic residues were detected in any of the meat samples. The presence of antibiotic residues can be attributed to several factors, including the excessive addition of antibiotics in feed, improper use of antibiotics in livestock. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that penicillin and macrolide antibiotic residues are still prevalent in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Surakarta. This shows there is a pressing need to strengthen guidance and supervision of antibiotic use regulations, as well as to monitor antibiotic residues in the meat before it reaches the market.
Determination of different spice powder levels for soft cheese based on milk
Authors: Arkan N D , Setyawardani T , Sumarmono J , Naufalin R , Santosa S S , Rahardjo A H D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate and determine the most optimal level of addition spice powder to soft cheese based on milk. The spice powders used are cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with the following treatment; T0: soft cheese without added spices powder; T1: soft cheese + 1% cinnamon powder; T2: soft cheese + 2% cinnamon powder; T3: soft cheese + 3% cinnamon powder; T4: soft cheese + 1% lemongrass powder; T5: soft cheese + 2% lemongrass powder; T6: soft cheese + 3% lemongrass powder; T7: soft cheese + 1% turmeric powder; T8: soft cheese + 2% turmeric powder; T9: soft cheese + 3% turmeric powder. The study design used a completely randomized design with three replications. Variables measured including pH, color (L*, a*, b*), total solids, and antioxidant activities using/via DPPH scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl). The soft cheese pH ranged from 5.60–6.26, with T0 was the lowest and T3 had the highest value. Total solids ranged from 38.87–66.77%, with T1 was the lowest and T3 had the highest value. Antioxidant activities ranged from 37.96–72.43%, with T0 was the lowest and T9 had the highest value. Soft cheese showed L* value 66.58–80.31, with T9 was the lowest and T0 had the highest value; a* value 3.47–12.44, with T6 was the lowest and T9 had the highest value; b* value 12.35–25.95, with T0 was the lowest and T9 had the highest value. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the level addition of 3% spice powder was the most optimal level for soft cheese, with the highest pH, total solids, antioxidant activity, redness, and yellowness.
A watershed sustainability model based on the integration of livestock, conservation agriculture, and local wisdom in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo A , Suwarto S , Lestari E , Rahayu R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Watersheds play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and protecting water resources. However, there are currently a number of environmental problems which threaten the sustainability of this ecosystem. The goal of this research is to describe a watershed sustainability model to deal with these problems. The research was carried out in the Keduang Watershed in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. A qualitative research method was used to gain a deep and comprehensive understanding and to adapt current methods to the developing situation through the integration of livestock, conservation agriculture, and local wisdom. The secondary data collected included the agriculture, livestock farming, and conservation conditions. The primary data were obtained through participative observation and in-depth interviews with farmers, livestock breeders, and stakeholders, to understand the practices used, the challenges faced, and the benefits felt. The data analysis used a process of coding, thematization, and grouping to identify the patterns, themes, and perspectives that emerged. The interpretation of results included an evaluation of the success, challenges, and benefits of the model applied. The research results show that the watershed sustainability model based on the integration of livestock, conservation agriculture, and local wisdom has a positive impact on economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects. This model can serve as a strong foundation for implementing sustainable agriculture and livestock farming practices, as well as contributing to the conservation of natural resources, and preserving local wisdom.
Analysis of livestock resources potential for the dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan district, Magetan regency
Authors: Rahayu E T , Purnomo S H , Sari A I , Emawati S , Dewanti R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the supporting resources and identify the base sector (LQ) for dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan Subdistrict, Magetan Regency. The experiment was conducted from May to July 2023, and Plaosan Subdistrict was selected as the location due to its reputation as the “Kampung Susu Lawu” (Lawu Milk Village), a well-known tourist destination. A total of 45 dairy cattle farmers who were members of livestock groups, participated as respondents. The primary data were collected from farmers, while secondary data were obtained from relevant government agencies and institutions. The analysis was carried out using both descriptive and Location Quotient (LQ) analyses, as well as the estimation of the potential and capacity of the region for dairy cattle farming development in the Plaosan Subdistrict. The results indicated that “Kampung Susu Lawu” possessed human resources among farmers that were relatively good for dairy cattle farming development. Farmers in the area tended to be in their productive age, with an average education level of junior and senior high school, and average ownership of 3 cows with less than 10 years of farming experience. The LQ analysis showed an LQ value of 3.59, signifying it as a base region, with growth share values were 7.1 and 42.1. In conclusion, the Plaosan Subdistrict in Magetan Regency has the potential for dairy cattle farming development
The potential of rabbit urine in converting household waste into fertilizer as the resilience of farmer family economics in sub-urban
Authors: Ferichani M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this research was to assess the economic potential of incorporating rabbit urine into the process of converting household waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This analysis was conducted within farmer groups situated in Jetis Hamlet, Jati Village, Jaten District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. The rationale for selecting farmer groups as the focal point of this analysis lay in the current challenges faced by farmers. These particular groups were directly affected by the ongoing global fertilizer crisis, characterized by a scarcity of subsidized products and escalating prices, thereby posing a threat to national food security. This research served as a pilot project with the potential for replication on a multispatial and national scale, fundamentally supporting national food security. The economic carrying capacity of the LOF produced was determined by comparing the results of laboratory tests on LOF nutrient content, both with and without using rabbit urine in the conversion of household waste. Based on the application of homemade LOF with rabbit urine supplements over 3000m2 of rice farming, the economic calculations showed that the total variable cost (VC) savings was 32.17%. Each planting season the potential for additional income for farmer households, with homemade LOF priced at IDR 30,000 per liter, totaling IDR 2,610,000. It was important to observe that market prices for LOF were around IDR 90,000 per liter. The homemade LOF had a substantial R/C ratio of 20,157. This research aimed to establish economic behavior patterns among suburban rice farmers that corroborated with natural principles. Simultaneously, it attempted to strengthen family economic resilience by creating independent economic resources serving as buffers for farming families. These resources were integral to supporting sustainable agricultural programs and reinforcing national food security.
Prevalence and progression of Lumpy Skin Disease cases in cattle over the six months leading up to Eid al-Adha in 2023 in the Cirebon District of West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Murti N T , Safitri E , Srianto P , Madyawati S P , Rofikoh A R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a disease of ruminant caused by virus of Capripox genus Poxviridae family which result in skin damage up to leave deep holes in the muscle of cattle and even death. The morbidity rate of LSD is quite high but the mortality rate is low. The LSD outbreak was quite disturbing for the people, especially leading up to Eid al-Adha because the legal requirements for sacrificial animals are that they are healthy and without defects. The aim of this paper was to determine prevalence and progression of LSD in cattle in Cirebon District from January to June 2023 or over the six months leading up to Eid al-Adha in 2023. Data on LSD infected, recovered, forcibly slaughtered and killed cattle due to LSD were needed. During this period, LSD has spread to 82 villages in 32 sub-districts with 454 cases out of a total cattle population of 4373 (prevalence was 10.83%). Meanwhile, the progression of LSD cases have improved with a significant cure rate of 137 cattle in response to LSD treatment.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma lewisi in rodents distributed in dairy cattle pens and residential areas
Authors: Wardhana AH , Sawitri DH , Wiedosari E , Susanti  , Mulyadi A , Kurniawan A , Sinaga LA , Hasibuan P , Nasution H , Rachmawati F , Hamid PH , Ristiyanto  
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe World Organisation for Animal Health continues to be concerned about the spread of atypical human-animal trypanosomiasis.Trypanosoma lewisiis one of the rodent-origin zoonotic trypanosomiasis. Despite the fact that many cases ofT. lewisiin humans have been documented in several nations, the study of this pathogenic parasite in Indonesia remains limited. The objective of this investigation was to use a molecular approach to detectT. lewisiin rats captured in livestock pens and residential areas. In Pondok Ranggon Village, Cipayung District, East Jakarta, 14 traps were placed in dairy cattle pens and a total of 50 traps were installed outside and inside houses in Lhoksukon and Ceubrek Villages, Lhoksukon District, North Aceh. The captured rats were identified, sedated, and examined for ectoparasites. The blood of rats was then analysed using Giemsa-stained thin blood films and PCR with TRYP1R and TRYP1S primers. The majority of theRattus speciescaptured in three locations wereR. tanezumi(62.07%), followed byR. norvegicus(6.90%) andR. exulans(3.4%).Xenopsylla cheopiswere predominant insect found in the present study (60%), followed byLaelaps echidninus(20%),Laelaps nutalli(12%), andOrnithonyssus bacoti(8%). According to the total flea index, rats captured from cattle pens had fewer fleas than rats from other locations. The molecular analysis revealed thatT. lewisiwas present in 46.15% of rats captured in human settlements and 66.67% of rats captured in the dairy cattle pens. PCR result also demonstrated that positiveT. lewisifound higher in inside house (66.67%) compared to outside house (28.57%). It indicates that trypanosome infections are prevalent in rats from domestic environments and cattle pens, and thatR. tanezumican potentially serve as a source of parasites for both animals and humans through fleas acting as vectors.