bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Right to Peace and the Right to Stay: Insights From Approaches to Peace and Migration in Colombia
Authors: Prada Ramírez Maria , Murphy Emma 
Published: January 2025

Executive Summary This paper examines the right to peace and the right to stay in the context of Colombia. Colombia’s status as a nation that experienced extraordinary levels of violence, human rights violations, internal and external displacement, and conflict between state, guerilla, paramilitary, and cartels over at least five decades, makes it a critical site for understanding and responding to migration and forced displacement. The article describes the 2016 peace agreement and outlines the work of its Truth Commission in moving toward an adoption of the right to peace and the connection between these rights and the right to remain in one’s home country. The Truth Commission was devoted to: • Examining, explaining, and identifying collective responsibilities for the armed conflict, atrocities, and marginalization; • Offering redress to millions of victims; • Restoring human rights, promoting peaceful coexistence, and contributing to the non-recurrence of the armed conflict. The paper highlights the strategies and core findings of Colombia’s Truth Commission at a time when Colombia does not constitute a success story, but is in the process of trying to build an inclusive, rights-respecting, peaceful, and cohesive society, which is the fundamental work of the “right to stay” and not to have to emigrate. The article also documents the transition of Colombia from a relatively modest migrant host country through much of its history, to a country which since 2016 has become home to three million immigrants, most of them from Venezuela. It explores the paradox of Colombia’s embrace of immigration from Venezuela while the administration slowed implementation of the 2016 Peace Agreement. This agreement itself has strong connections to migrants and persons in exile, as is clear from the work of the Colombian Truth Commission (CTC). The paper argues for addressing the root causes of armed conflict and embracing the CTC’s finding that the right to stay is linked to the right to peace.
Nurses’ Experience With End-of-Life Care in Geriatric Centers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dakka Falah Jamal 
Published: January 2025

Background Geriatric nurses provide end-of-life care based on the five pillars of aging. This systematic review assesses the emotions and feelings of geriatric nurses during end-of-life care. It considers the prevalence, triggers, and intensity of emotional responses among geriatric nurses. It also expounds on the strategies for overcoming the emotional challenges. Methods The study embarked on a systematic review of literature materials on nurses’ emotions and feelings. The eligibility criteria involve literature materials published in the past 5 years, peer reviews, English language, geriatric nurses, and nurses in emergency department, primary care, and intensive care unit. Three databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, and CINAHL) and Google Scholar were used. Results Using a PRISMA flow chart, the literature search led to the discovery of nine significant writings on the emotions and feelings of nurses attending to geriatric patients. Sample sizes in these studies varied from 6 to 126 nurses while three articles involved integrated, scoping, and literature review of published studies. The common emotions and feelings among nurses caring for elderly patients in the geriatric center are compassion fatigue, burnout, grief, and moral distress. Conclusion These emotions and feelings affect the performance of nurses. They also influence their physical and mental wellbeing. This situation calls for developing effective coping strategies to address this challenge.
Useful Learning From Bachelor's Thesis to Professional Nursing Practice: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Henttonen Ani , Teräs Marianne , Scheja Max , Fossum Bjöörn , Westerbotn Margareta 
Published: January 2025

Introduction It is well-established in research that clinical learning during nursing education is a foundational preparation for future practice. However, the role of academic tasks, such as writing a bachelor's thesis, is less recognized for its contributions to nurses’ working lives and overall professional development. Objective This study aimed to explore registered nurses’ perceptions of the process of bachelor's thesis and its perceived usefulness in professional nursing careers. Methods Semistructured interviews with ten registered nurses was employed. A thematic analysis of the data and the framework of sustainable learning were used. Results The findings showed that the process of writing a bachelor's thesis during nursing education was perceived as a valuable learning experience and a source of continuing development. The main themes, professional knowing and professional agency, demonstrate the knowing applied in the healthcare contexts and for understanding nurse-patient relationships. The nurses stated that professional agency in research dissemination and a critical approach in their daily patient care was important and that the bachelor's thesis had provided a foundation for these practices. Conclusion Writing a bachelor's thesis during nursing education is justified as it may contribute to a critical understanding of nursing phenomena and the care taking place in clinical contexts. Bachelor's theses align with sustainable learning and are one of the prerequisites for readiness for change and development in professional practice.
Individual characteristics influencing the general population’s level of knowledge of end-of-life practices: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tapp Diane , Bravo Gina , Filion Catherine , Couture Vincent , Dupéré Sophie , Beaulieu Marianne , Chouinard Audrey , Roos Pauline , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Bérubé Anouk , Plaisance Ariane 
Published: January 2025

Background: Informed end-of-life decision-making requires a high level of death literacy. We still know little about the general population’s level of knowledge and its determinants. Aim: To assess knowledge of the general population regarding the legal status and definitions of various end-of-life practices, and to compare the level of knowledge according to individual characteristics known to influence death literacy. Design: A self-administered questionnaire featuring two evolving vignettes was used to assess participants’ knowledge relating to the legal status of various end-of-life practices and whether these practices are Medical Aid in Dying (MAiD), which is legal in Canada. The questionnaire also assessed participants’ individual characteristics such as their experience as caregivers for someone who received palliative care, their perception of health, and their financial situation. Setting/participants: Participants were community-based community-based Canadian adults able to read French or English. Results: In total, 27% of the participants associated the description of care withholding with MAiD, 39% incorrectly associated the description of continuous palliative sedation with MAiD, and 34% incorrectly indicated that the described intervention was illegal. Having cared for someone who received palliative care, at a younger age, a higher level of education, and having participated in advance care planning were associated with better knowledge regarding end-of-life practices. Conclusion: Gaps in knowledge about end-of-life practices exist in the general population, they are associated with different individual characteristics and may limit citizens’ capacity to engage in informed end-of-life decision-making. Community-based interventions adapted to different audiences are essential to ensure a quality end-of-life for all.
Implementing Food as Medicine During COVID-19: Produce Prescriptions and Integrative Group Medical Visits in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Thompson-Lastad Ariana , Ruvalcaba Denise , Chen Wei-Ting , Espinosa Patricia Rodriguez , Chiu Dorothy T. , Xiao Lan , Rosas Lisa G. , Chen Steven 
Published: January 2025

Background Food as Medicine is a rapidly developing area of health care in the United States, aimed at concurrently addressing nutrition-sensitive chronic conditions and food and nutrition insecurity. Recipe4Health (R4H) is a Food as Medicine program with an integrative health equity focus. It provides prescriptions for locally grown produce (‘Food Farmacy’) with or without integrative group medical visits, alongside training for clinic staff. Objectives To describe the initial implementation of R4H in four Federally Qualified Health Centers in Northern California, using a convergent mixed-methods approach. Methods We used the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) implementation science framework to assess the first two years of R4H (2020-2022). We draw from 40 interviews (26 partner organization staff, 14 patients) and program data on reach and adoption. Qualitative data were analyzed using codebook thematic analysis. Results Reach: From January 2020 to August 2022, 3255 patients were referred to the program; 1997 of those referred (61%) enrolled in the Food Farmacy only ( N = 1681) or Food Farmacy + integrative group medical visits ( N = 316). Participating patients included a wide range of ages (mean age 41.4, [SD 20]; 18% < 18 years old) and racial and ethnic backgrounds (3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 6% Asian or Pacific Islander, 19% Black, 57% Hispanic/Latine, 7% white). 69% were female; 43% primarily spoke Spanish. Adoption: 84% of trained clinic staff referred two or more patients to R4H. Implementation: Elements of successful implementation included: (1) support from county government leadership, (2) centralized coordination of the multi-sector partnership, and (3) a flexible approach responsive to organizational and COVID-related shifts. R4H implementation informed statewide Medicaid policy changes. Maintenance: To date, all four clinics continue to participate in R4H. Conclusion Centralized implementation, training, and administration of Food as Medicine programs can strengthen community health centers’ capacities to concurrently address chronic conditions and food insecurity. Multi-sector partnerships can support Food as Medicine program sustainability.
Selection of sampling sites in Germany for the International Moss Survey 2020 using statistics and decision modelling
Authors: Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
After 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2015, Germany participated in the International Moss Monitoring 2020 (MM2020). The German contribution to MM2020 aimed at pilot studies on the suitability of bioindication with mosses for recording the atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants and microplastics.

Results
This investigation was based on moss samples collected at 25 sites in Germany: Eight sites at which concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were determined in the Moss Survey 2015 were included. In addition, twelve sites were selected from the pool of the total of 400 moss collection sites in 2015. Further five sites of the German moss monitoring network 2015 were added, at which moss samples were collected in 2020 for developing the sample preparation and for preliminary investigations. The selection of the five test sites was based on the same criteria as for the 20 target sites of the 2020 monitoring to make the analysis data of the test phase usable for later evaluations. To ensure methodological transparency and objectivity, a procedure based on statistical methods and decision modelling was developed for this purpose. The decision algorithm enabled taking into account a large number of technical criteria. Selected features of the three subsamples comprising 8, 20 and 25 sites were compared with those of the full sample (n = 400 sites of Moss Survey 2015) and inferentially tested whether the thinning of the 2015 sampling network (n = 400) to 8, 20 and 25 sites, respectively, leads to significant changes in its information quality or not.

Conclusions
Methods of decision modelling and inferential statistics have proven their worth for transparently restructuring the moss monitoring network.
Meta Analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and its association with folate and colorectal cancer
Authors: Ye Meng , Xu Guojie , Zhang Liming , Kong Zhihui , Qiu Zhenhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
DNA hypomethylation and uracil misincorporation into DNA, both of which have a very important correlation with colorectal carcinogenesis. Folate plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, acting as a coenzyme in one-carbon metabolism, which involves the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and methyl groups. MTHFR, a key enzyme in folate metabolism, has been widely studied in relation to neural tube defects and hypertension, but its role in colorectal cancer remains underexplored. Therefore, understanding the role of folate and MTHFR genes in colorectal cancer may be helpful for potential preventive or therapeutic interventions. In this meta-analysis, the effects of MTHFR genotype and folate intake on colorectal cancer incidence were analyzed.

Methods
We searched PubMed,Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI database to identify relevant studies up to January 2024. We included a series of studies on the association of MTHFR C677T genotype and folate intake with colorectal cancer incidence. The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). It included 100 studies (39702 cases and 55718 controls),that investigated the association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, the analysis incorporated further stratification by ethnic population and geographical region. Furthermore, Six of the studies which clarified high amount of folate might be a protective factor for CRC in all three MTHFR C677T genotype, especially in TT genotype.

Results

MTHFR 677TT genotype was negatively associated with CRC incidence compared with CC genotype (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85–0.93; P < 0.00001; Z = 5.17). MTHFR 677CT genotype was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer incidence (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98,1.03). A negative correlation between TT genotype and CRC was observed in ethnics of Asians (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.91), Caucasians (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and the region of USA (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.85), Asia (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00) and Europe (OR = 0.93, 95% CI:0.87, 1.00),but not in Indian (TT: OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.63; CT: OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.73)). Amount folate intakes might reduce the morbidity of CRC for people in MTHFR 677TT genotype (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48,0.96; P = 0.03).

Conclusion
The analysis showed that the incidence of colorectal cancer was reduced among individuals with TT genotype. The individuals with TT genotype and amount folate intake may collectively improve the incidence of colorectal cancer. While the MTHFR 677TT genotype is associated with a reduced risk of CRC, especially in certain populations, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of retrospective studies.
Fully automated segmentation and classification of renal tumors on CT scans via machine learning
Authors: Han Jang Hee , Kim Byung Woo , Kim Taek Min , Ko Ji Yeon , Choi Seung Jae , Kang Minho , Kim Sang Youn , Cho Jeong Yeon , Ku Ja Hyeon , Kwak Cheol , Kim Young-Gon , Jeong Chang Wook 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
To develop and test the performance of a fully automated system for classifying renal tumor subtypes via deep machine learning for automated segmentation and classification.

Materials and methods
The model was developed using computed tomography (CT) images of pathologically proven renal tumors collected from a prospective cohort at a medical center between March 2016 and December 2020. A total of 561 renal tumors were included: 233 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 82 papillary RCCs, 74 chromophobe RCCs, and 172 angiomyolipomas. Renal tumor masks manually drawn on contrast-enhanced CT images were used to develop a 3D U-Net-based deep learning model for fully automated tumor segmentation. After segmentation, the entire classification pipeline, including feature extraction and subtype classification, was conducted without any manual intervention. Both conventional radiological features (Hounsfield units, HUs) and radiomic features extracted from areas predicted by the deep learning models were used to develop an algorithm for classifying renal tumor subtypes via a random forest classifier. The performance of the segmentation model was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient, while the classification model was assessed based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results
For tumors larger than 4 cm, the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for automated segmentation was 0.83, while for tumors smaller than 4 cm, the DSC was 0.65. The classification accuracy (ACC) for distinguishing RCC subtypes was 0.77 for tumors larger than 4 cm and 0.68 for tumors smaller than 4 cm. Additionally, the accuracy for benign versus malignant classification was 0.85.

Conclusions
Our automatic segmentation and classifier model showed promising results for renal tumor segmentation and classification.
Are medical school preclinical tests biased for sex and race? A differential item functioning analysis
Authors: Dale Esther Dasari , Abulela Mohammed A. A. , Jia Hao , Violato Claudio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
A common practice in assessment development, fundamental for fairness and consequently the validity of test score interpretations and uses, is to ascertain whether test items function equally across test-taker groups. Accordingly, we conducted differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, a psychometric procedure for detecting potential item bias, for three preclinical medical school foundational courses based on students’ sex and race.

Methods
The sample included 520, 519, and 344 medical students for anatomy, histology, and physiology, respectively, collected from 2018 to 2020. To conduct DIF analysis, we used the Wald test based on the two-parameter logistic model as utilized in the IRTPRO software.

Results
The three assessments had as many as one-fifth of the items that functioned statistically differentially across one or more of the variables sex and race: 10 out of 49 items (20%), six out of 40 items (15%), 5 out of 45 items (11%) showed statistically significant DIF for Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology courses, respectively. Measurement specialists and subject matter experts independently reviewed the items to identify construct-irrelevant factors as potential sources for DIF as demonstrated in Appendix A. Most identified items were generally poorly written or had unclear images.

Conclusions
The validity of score-based inferences, particularly for group comparisons, requires test items to function equally across test-taker groups. In the present study, we found DIF of some items for sex and race in three content areas. The present approach should be utilized in other medical schools to address the generalizability of the present findings. Item level DIF should also be routinely conducted as part of psychometric analyses for basic sciences courses and other assessments.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Determinants of rural practice among a cohort of dental professionals in Australia
Authors: Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar , Balla Sudheer Babu , Tadakamadla Jyothi , Semmens Libby , Down Sarah , McKinstry Carol , Mills Jane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Most research on tracking practice locations of health students has focused on medical students, particularly the factors influencing their choice to work in rural and remote areas. However, there is limited research on how rural origin and training in regional or rural settings affect the employment destinations of dental and oral health graduates. This paper explores the practice locations of dentistry and oral health therapy (OHT) graduates from rural backgrounds compared to those from metropolitan areas in Australia.

Materials and methods
The target population was dental and OHT graduates from La Trobe University’s Rural Health School (Australia) who completed their studies between 2009 and 2023. The graduates’ primary place of practice was sourced from the Australian Health Practitioners Regulation Agency (AHPRA) data. The 2019 Modified Monash Model (MMM) was used to categorise the students’ original place of residence by rurality and practice locations. Multivariable analyses were conducted to explore the association between home and practice locations while controlling for the effect of socio-demographic characteristics collected from students at enrolment.

Results
Data were available for 819 graduates matched to the AHPRA register. Of these, 541 (66.1%) were dentists, and 278 (33.9%) were OHTs. The majority were female (56.7% dentists and 81.7% OHTs), 11.3% (dentists) and 21.6% (OHTs) of the graduates originated from rural and remote areas, 16.6% (dentists) and 18% (OHTs) from regional areas, and 72.1% (dentists) and 60.4% (OHTs) from metropolitan areas. Multinomial logistic regression analyses for dentists and OHTs identified that , having a regional background, or having a rural or remote background were the most significant predictors for regional, rural/remote practice over metropolitan areas.

Conclusion
Regional background is the strongest predictor for graduate dentists and OHTs practicing in Australia’s regional or rural and remote locations. Similarly, students from rural and remote locations were highly likely to practice in rural/ remote locations. Increasing the recruitment of students with rural backgrounds may positively impact graduates’ decisions to practice in rural areas.