bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Streptomycin-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Patient with Tuberculosis: A Therapeutic Dilemma
Authors: Hmouda Houssem , Laouani-Kechrid Chedia , Karoui Mohamed Nejib , Denguezli Mohamed , Nouira Rafia , Ghannouchi Ghazi 
Published: November 2004

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of streptomycin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). CASE SUMMARY: A 55-year-old woman was admitted for treatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). She was given standard oral anti-TB chemotherapy including isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. On the fourth day of therapy, she experienced high fever at 39 °C, chills, vomiting, pruritus, and diffuse erythema, followed by extensive bullae formation and skin denudation. Diagnosis of TEN was considered, and all anti-TB drugs were discontinued. Skin biopsy disclosed complete epidermal necrosis with dermal—epidermal cleavage and absence of inflammatory infiltrate, highly suggestive of TEN. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. Her general condition and skin lesions improved. A staged-fashion exposure test to the 4 anti-TB drugs allowed the incrimination of streptomycin as the offending agent. DISCUSSION: Anti-TB drugs, mainly rifampin, ethambutol, and isoniazid, have been incriminated in TEN. Streptomycin-induced TEN remains an extremely rare event. However, minor allergic skin reactions (rash, urticaria) have been described with this drug. Our patient presents a rare case of streptomycin-related TEN. Even though dangerous, a step-wise exposure test was necessary to allow safe treatment of active pulmonary TB. It also provided a strong argument of a cause—effect relationship between TEN and streptomycin. An objective causality assessment using the Naranjo rating scale revealed that the adverse drug event was highly probable. CONCLUSIONS: Streptomycin should be added to the list of drugs that induce TEN.
Stimulus and Potassium-Induced Epileptiform Activity in the Human Dentate Gyrus from Patients with and without Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Gabriel Siegrun , Njunting Marleisje , Pomper Joern K. , Merschhemke Martin , Sanabria Emilio R. G. , Eilers Alexander , Kivi Anatol , Zeller Melanie , Meencke Heinz-Joachim , Cavalheiro Esper A. , Heinemann Uwe , Lehmann Thomas-Nicolas 
Published: November 2004

Hippocampal specimens resected to cure medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) provide a unique possibility to study functional consequences of morphological alterations. One intriguing alteration predominantly observed in cases of hippocampal sclerosis is an uncommon network of granule cells monosynaptically interconnected via aberrant supragranular mossy fibers. We investigated whether granule cell populations in slices from sclerotic and nonsclerotic hippocampi would develop ictaform activity when challenged by low-frequency hilar stimulation in the presence of elevated extracellular potassium concentration (10 and 12 mm) and whether the experimental activity differs according to the presence of aberrant mossy fibers.We found that ictaform activity could be evoked in slices from sclerotic and nonsclerotic hippocampi (27 of 40 slices, 14 of 20 patients; and 11 of 22 slices, 6 of 12 patients, respectively). However, the two patient groups differed with respect to the pattern of ictaform discharges and the potassium concentration mandatory for its induction. Seizure-like events were already induced with 10 mmK+. They exclusively occurred in slices from sclerotic hippocampi, of which 80% displayed stimulus-induced oscillatory population responses (250-300 Hz). In slices from nonsclerotic hippocampi, atypical negative field potential shifts were predominantly evoked with 12 mmK+. In both groups, the ictaform activity was sensitive to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and lowering of [Ca2+]o.Our results show that, in granule cell populations of hippocampal slices from TLE patients, high K+-induced seizure-like activity and ictal spiking coincide with basic electrophysiological abnormalities, hippocampal sclerosis, and mossy fiber sprouting, suggesting that network reorganization could play a crucial role in determining type and threshold of such activity.
Infrared investigation of the sequestration of toluene vapor on clay minerals
Authors: Chang Meei-Ling , Wu Shian-Chee , Chen Pei-Jen , Cheng Shu-Chun 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The Ca-exchanged clays were used to investigate the sorption of toluene under both high and low relative humidity conditions. According to the observed rates of sorption and desorption and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of sorbed toluene, the sorbate molecules on clays can be divided into three categories: labile (gaslike) phase, slow sorption (liquidlike) phase, and resistant-to-desorption phase with sorption/desorption time scales of less than 30 min, several hours, and several weeks, respectively. Aging changed the spectroscopic characteristics of the sorbed sorbates and contributed to the irreversibility of the sorption under both high and low relative humidity. Irreversibly sorbed portions of the sorbates and new characteristic peaks identified with FTIR spectrometry suggest the existence of chemical transformation of sorbed species under both high and low relative humidity conditions. It is suggested that the clay minerals, acting as catalysts, may contribute to abiotic natural attenuation of volatile organic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils.
Inheritance of mercury tolerance in the aquatic oligochaete Tubifex tubifex
Authors: Vidal Dora Elva , Horne Alex John 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Resistance to contaminants is an important yet unmeasured factor in sediment toxicity tests. The rate at which mercury resistance develops and its genetic persistence in the oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex were studied under laboratory conditions. Worms were raised for four generations under two different sediment treatments, one reference clean sediment, the other contaminated with mercury. Worms raised in mercury-contaminated sediment developed mercury tolerance that persisted even when the worms were raised for three subsequent generations in clean sediment. Mercury tolerance was determined by comparative water-only toxicity tests with mercury as the only stressor. Control worms had a mean lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.18 mg/L−1. Worms exposed to high levels of mercury in sediment had high mercury tolerance with a mean LC50 of 1.40 mg/L−1. When mercury-tolerant and control mercury-intolerant worms were crossed, their descendants also demonstrated mercury tolerance during lethal toxicity tests. The LC50 for worm descendants resulting from this cross was 1.39 mg/L−1. Adaptation to mercury exposures occurred rapidly in this group of worms and appears to be due to both phenotypic and genotypic mechanisms. Development of contaminant resistance and adaptation may be common phenomena in aquatic benthic invertebrates, which should be considered during the design and interpretation of toxicity tests.
Age and accumulation of persistent organochlorines: A study of arctic-breeding glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus)
Authors: Bustnes Jan Ove , Bakken Vidar , Skaare Janneche Utne , Erikstad Kjell Einar 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
We studied the relationship between increasing age and blood concentrations of four persistent organochlorines (OCs), hexachlorbenzene (HCB), oxychlordane, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorbiphenyl (PCB-153), in arctic-breeding glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus). We measured OC concentrations in 31 individuals of known age and took repeated blood samples of 64 individuals in different years, either one year apart or three or four years apart. The age of individuals was not related to the blood concentrations for any of the four compounds, and in birds whose values were measured repeatedly, there was no effect of the length of time (number of years) between sampling events on the relative change in OC concentration. This indicates that steady-state levels were reached before the age of first breeding. However, breeding area significantly influenced the changes in OC concentration between sampling events. In areas in which birds fed on prey from higher trophic levels, the OC concentrations showed large increases between sampling events; in areas in which birds fed at lower trophic levels, OC concentrations increased relatively little or not at all. This indicates that individual birds had different equilibrium concentrations, which are reached at different ages depending on the intake of OCs through the food. It also indicates that some individuals had not reached steady-state concentrations at the onset of reproduction. Changes in body condition and amount of blood lipids were of lesser importance than trophic level and influenced the concentrations of HCB and oxychlordane more strongly than DDE and PCB-153. In conclusion, this study indicates that steady-state concentrations of persistent OCs are reached early in life in most glaucous gulls, considering the long life span of the species.
Impact of the plant rhizosphere and augmentation on remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil
Authors: Singer Andrew C. , Smith Daniel , Jury William A. , Hathuc Khoiviet , Crowley David E. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
This study investigated the interactive effects of bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and the rhizosphere during remediation of Aroclor 1242-contaminated soil. Treatments were repeatedly augmented with polychlorinated bipheny (PCB)-degrading bacteria, inducers (carvone and salicylic acid), surfactant (sorbitan trioleate), minimal salts medium in a 20-cm high soil column, or a combination of these elements. Soils containing a single Brassica nigra plant achieved 61% PCB removal in the 0 to 2 and 2 to 6 cm depths after 9 weeks of bioaugmentation, whereas only 43 and 14% PCB removal, respectively, was achieved in unplanted controls. Gas diffusion coefficients of 13.0 and 5.0 × 10−7 m2 s−1 were calculated from a methane diffusion assay for planted and unplanted soils respectively, indicating the positive effect of plant roots on gas diffusion into the soil. A second, modified column study removed 87, 73, 63, and 45% of PCB after 12 weeks in the 0 to 5, 5 to 11, 11 to 26, and 26 to 35 cm depths, respectively, in planted-bioaugmented soils, whereas 65, 54, 53, and 47% of PCB was removed from the planted-minimal salts treatment, respectively. Shifts in the soil microbial community structure were demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA. Results support that Brassica nigra directly contributed to accelerated PCB removal by increased oxygen diffusion, amendment infiltration, and microbial enrichment.
Anaerobic transformation of compounds of technical toxaphene. I. Regiospecific reaction of chlorobornanes with geminal chlorine atoms
Authors: Ruppe Steffen , Neumann Anke , Vetter Walter 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Technical toxaphene (Melipax) and the single compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) 2,2,5-endo, 6-exo, 8,8,9,10- octachlorobornane (B8-806), 2,2,5-endo, 6-exo, 8,9,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-809), 2,2,5,5,8,9,9,10,10-nonachlorobornane (B9- 1025), 2-endo, 3-exo, 5-endo, 6-exo, 8,8,9,10,10-nonochlorobornane (B9-1679), 2-endo, 3-exo, 5-endo, 6-exo, 8,9,10,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1414), 2-endo, 3-exo, 5-endo, 6-exo, 8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412), and 2-exo, 3-endo, 5-exo, 9,9,10,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1453) were treated with suspensions of the anaerobic bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans. After 7 d, more than 50% of technical toxaphene was transformed, and the relative amount of early eluting CTTs increased. After 16 d, only 2-exo, 3-endo, 6-exo, 8,9,10-hexachlorobornane (B6-923), 2-endo, 3-exo, 5-endo, 6-exo, 8,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1001), and a few minor penta- and hexachloro-CTTs were detected in the samples. The result of the transformation was comparable with observations in naturally contaminated sediments and soil. However, the performance with D. multivorans was more simple and reproducible, as well as faster, than use of soil, sediment, or anaerobic sewage sludge. In agreement with reports in the literature, reductive dechlorination at geminal chlorine atoms (gem-Cls) was found to be the major CTT transformation pathway. Experiments conducted with CTTs and gem-Cls at both primary and secondary carbons clarified that the initial Cl -&gt; H substitution takes place at the secondary carbon C2. Furthermore, the 2-endo-Cl position was preferably substituted with hydrogen. In the case of B8-806, the dechlorination at the secondary carbon C2 was approximately 20-fold faster than the subsequent, slow reduction at the primary carbon C8. The three different formerly unknown heptachloro-CTTs, 2-exo, 3-endo, 6-exo, 8,9,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1473), 2-exo, 3-endo, 6-endo, 8,9,9,10-hepatchlorobornane (B7-1461), and 2-exo, 3-endo, 6-exo, 8,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1470) were found as intermediates of the B8-806/809 transformation. Treatment of B9-1679 with D. multivorans indicated that gem-Cls on the bridge (C8 and C9) are dechlorinated faster than gem-Cls on the bridgehead (C10).
Effect of sperm cell density on measured toxicity from the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla fertilization bioassay
Authors: Vazquez Lourdes C. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The sea urchin sperm fertilization bioassay is an approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) bio-monitoring tool for regulatory and compliance purposes. The method adapted for the Hawaiian species Tripneustes gratilla recommends a sperm-to-egg ratio of 2,500. Using a fixed ratio for all tests does not sufficiently account for seasonal and individual variabilities of this organism. Our studies showed that gametes must be present at specific concentrations, which are unique for each batch. Parallel experiments were conducted to compare tests using a constant 2,500 sperm-to-egg ratio with tests using an optimized sperm dosage determined prior to each analysis. The recommended 2,500 sperm-to-egg ratio often gave overfertilized controls and reduced toxicological response. The risks of oversperming and concomitant toxicity masking were minimized when the bioassays were performed with optimum sperm-to-egg ratio.
Modeling of mixing in internal mixers with long blade tips
Authors: Nassehi V. , Ghoreishy M. H. R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt is well known that blade geometry significantly affects the performance and efficiency of partially filled internal mixers. Intermesh type blades with very long tips are regarded as effective alternatives to almond‐shaped blades used in more traditional tangential rotor mixers. However, using long tip blades results in the formation of long and very narrow sections between the chamber wall and the blade in these mixers. These narrow sections may act as bottlenecks, disrupting flow and mixing of highly viscous compounds in the mixing of elastomers with fillers. Therefore, to avoid costly and time‐consuming trial‐and‐error procedures, the design of long tip blades requires careful quantitative evaluation of their performance. In this article, a computer model, based on the finite element method for the simulation of mixing in twin‐blade intermesh type mixers, is presented. This model represents transient, nonisothermal, non‐Newtonian flow and mixing of a polymer–filler compound in a free surface regime consisting of incompressible and compressible parts. Mixing dependent variations of compound viscosity are also taken into account. To incorporate all of the described realistic aspects of the mixing process in the geometrically complex domain of intermesh type mixers, the developed model is based on a novel and robust solution algorithm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 132–145, 2001
Leukocyte arylsulfatase A activity in patients with alcohol‐related cirrhosis
Authors: Alvarez‐Leal M. , Contreras‐Hernández D. , Chávez Altagracia , Diaz‐Contreras J.A. , Careaga‐Olivares J. , Zúñiga‐Charles M.A. , Reynoso M.C. , Hernández‐Téllez A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractArylsulfatase (ASA) enzyme deficiency is associated with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), which is a hereditary myelin metabolic disease. It has been proposed that in alcoholic subjects with abnormal ASA, the accumulation of sulfatides may lead to demyelinization and generalized cerebral atrophy. ASA may be diminished in subjects with alcoholic cirrhosis having encephalopathic manifestations. This idea has not been previously proposed. Leukocyte arylsulfatase A (ASA) activity was measured in 30 healthy male volunteers and 28 patients with alcohol‐related cirrhosis. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with alcohol‐related cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy history and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis without history of hepatic encephalopathy. Alcoholic cirrhotic patients with history of encephalopathy showed 58.21% (40.95 nmol/mg protein/h) less enzymatic activity than a control group (98.00 nmol/mg protein/h), whereas the group without history of encephalopathy showed an ASA value which was 38.2% (60.55 nmol/mg protein/h) less than the control group. The results suggest that the low ASA activity is a factor associated to the appearance of encephalopathy in patients with alcohol‐related cirrhosis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:297–300, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal growth study of male Japanese junior high school athletes
Authors: Nariyama K. , Hauspie R.C. , Mino T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish the pattern of adolescent growth in height of male Japanese athletes, and to compare their growth with appropriate controls. The sample consisted of 126 baseball, 39 basketball, 83 soccer, and 53 volleyball players, and 36 nonathletes. The data were collected retrospectively in six public schools in Fukui Prefecture of Western Japan between 1970 and 1987. All subjects were measured at yearly intervals between the age of 6 and 18 years. The total number of measurement occasions for the 337 subjects amounted to 4,134. Athletes trained between 13 and 18 h/week. Individual growth patterns were determined by fitting Preece Baines model I to each individual's serial data. Various biological parameters were derived from the fitted curves. The results indicated that the average growth pattern of these adolescent athletes did not differ substantially from the control group. Volleyball players were significantly taller at 18 years (+3 cm) than the nonathletes (Student's t‐test, P < 0.05). Soccer players showed a slight tendency towards late maturation with age at take‐off and at peak velocity about half a year later than in nonathletes (Student's t‐test, P < 0.05). The 2.3 cm gain in body height due to the later onset of the pubertal growth spurt in soccer players was counterbalanced by a 0.7 cm smaller prepubertal height and a 0.9 cm smaller adolescent gain, so that they ended up slightly, but not significantly, taller than the controls (+0.7 cm). The small differences in growth pattern observed between the nonathletes and the various sports suggest that, in contrast with top‐level athletes, body size and maturation rate were not important selective factors in the various groups of athletes of the present study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:356–364, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adolescent growth events in eight decades of Japanese cohort data: Sex differences
Authors: Ali MD. Ayub , Lestrel Pete E. , Ohtsuki Fumio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe presence of secular trends in sex differences for the onset or takeoff of the adolescent growth spurt and subsequent (adolescent) growth of Japanese boys and girls were investigated using data published in “The Statistical Report of the School Health Survey” of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. An optimum kernel regression method was used to derive the biological parameters of the adolescent growth curve. The six parameters derived from the regression analysis were age at takeoff (ATO), height at takeoff (HTO), velocity at takeoff (VTO), peak height velocity (PHV), age at PHV (APHV), and height at PHV (HPHV). The sex difference in age at PHV is about 2.1 years. The sex difference in age at takeoff was about 2.1 years starting with the birth year of 1943, but has become almost insignificant with the birth year of 1980. After 1960, the sex difference in mean HPHV varied within 12–13 cm, but the difference in HTO showed a decreasing trend. After the birth year of 1911, the rate of growth at HTO for girls has become markedly greater than for boys. In contrast, the rate of growth at HPHV for girls has become significantly smaller than for boys (P < 0.05). Sex differences in ATO, HTO and VTO were significantly and negatively correlated with differences in APHV and HPHV, but positively correlated with the difference in PHV. The sex difference in PHV had no relationship with the differences in APHV and HPHV. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:390–397, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age of pubertal onset affects the intensity and duration of pubertal growth peak but not final height
Authors: Vizmanos Barbara , Martí‐Henneberg Carlos , Clivillé Rosa , Moreno Aurelia , Fernández‐Ballart J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper analyzed the intensity and duration of height growth during puberty in boys and girls in relation to rhythm of maturation. A longitudinal clinical follow‐up between ages of 10 and 20 years, was carried out in a sample of 251 children grouped according to age at pubertal onset: boys (genital stage 2) at the ages of 11 (n = 28), 12 (n = 38), 13 (n = 42), and 14 (n = 27); and girls (breast stage 2) at the ages of 10 (n = 37), 11 (n = 47), 12 (n = 19), and 13 (n = 13). Height was measured annually. Testicular volume and genital development were assessed in boys, and breast development was assessed in girls. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in height at the age of pubertal onset among maturity groups. Late maturers were taller than early maturers (r = 0.49, P < 0.001 for girls; r = 0.38, P < 0.001 for boys). However, final heights did not differ according to age of onset in either sex. In boys, later onset of puberty was associated with a smaller pubertal height gain (r = −0.60, P < 0.001) and a shorter period of pubertal growth (r = −0.61, P < 0.001). Equally in girls, earlier onset of puberty was associated with a greater pubertal height gain (r = −0.68, P < 0.001) and a longer period of pubertal growth (r = −0.59, P < 0.001). In conclusion, age of pubertal onset does not affect final height attained in both sexes, since there is an inverse compensatory phenomenon in both sexes between height at pubertal onset and the intensity and duration of pubertal growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:409–416, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New genetic data on Amerindians from the Paraguayan Chaco
Authors: Goicoechea A.S. , Carnese F.R. , Dejean C. , Avena S.A. , Weimer T.A. , Estalote A.C. , Simões M.L.M.S. , Palatnik M. , Salamoni S.P. , Salzano F.M. , Callegari‐Jacques S.M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNew data on 17 blood group and protein genetic systems obtained among the Ayoreo and Lengua Indians of Paraguay are presented. They include the first report on the red cell band‐3 protein investigated among South American Indians. This information was integrated with previous results available for these two and four other groups. Five of the six populations reside in the Chaco area, while the sixth was included as an outgroup living elsewhere in Paraguay. Four of the five Chaco tribes exhibit good genetic homogeneity, but the Ayoreo are somewhat different. The results confirm the Chaco as a distinct biological (as well as cultural and economic) region, which should be considered in evaluations of genetic variability among South American Indians. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:660–667, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.