bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROCK1 activates mitochondrial fission leading to oxidative stress and muscle atrophy
Authors: Si Meijun , Yu Rizhen , Lin Hongchun , Li Feng , Jung Sungyun , Thomas Sandhya S. , Danesh Farhard S , Wang Yanlin , Peng Hui , Hu Zhaoyong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is often associated with protein-energy wasting (PEW), which is characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and strength. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used transcriptomics, metabolomics analyses and mouse gene manipulating approaches to investigate the effects of mitochondrial plasticity and oxidative stress on muscle wasting in mouse CKD models. Our results showed that the expression of oxidative stress response genes was increased, and that of oxidative phosphorylation genes was decreased in the muscles of mice with CKD. This was accompanied by reduced oxygen consumption rates, decreased levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins, and increased cellular oxidative damage. Excessive mitochondrial fission was also observed, and we found that the activation of ROCK1 was responsible for this process. Inducible expression of muscle-specific constitutively active ROCK1 (mROCK1ca) exacerbated mitochondrial fragmentation and muscle wasting in CKD mice. Conversely, ROCK1 depletion (ROCK1-/-) alleviated these phenomena. Mechanistically, ROCK1 activation promoted the recruitment of Drp1 to mitochondria, thereby facilitating fragmentation. Notably, the pharmacological inhibition of ROCK1 mitigated muscle wasting by suppressing mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that ROCK1 participates in CKD-induced muscle wasting by promoting mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress, and pharmacological suppression of ROCK1 could be a therapeutic strategy for combating muscle wasting in CKD conditions.Translational StatementProtein-energy wasting (PEW) is a prevalent issue among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is characterized by the loss of muscle mass. Our research uncovers a critical role that ROCK1 activation plays in muscle wasting induced by CKD. We found that ROCK1 is instrumental in causing mitochondrial fission, which leads to increased oxidative stress in muscle cells. By employing a pharmacological inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil, we were able to effectively curb ROCK1 activity, which in turn mitigated muscle wasting by reducing both mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ROCK1 presents a promising therapeutic strategy for combating the muscle wasting associated with CKD.
Epigenetic deregulation of IFN and WNT pathways in AT2 cells impairs alveolar regeneration (in COPD)
Authors: Prada Maria Llamazares , Schwartz Uwe , Pease Darius F. , Pohl Stephanie T. , Ackesson Deborah , Li Renjiao , Behrendt Annika , Tamas Raluca , Richter Mandy , Muley Thomas , Hey Joschka , Espinet Elisa , Heußel Claus P. , Warth Arne , Schneider Mark , Winter Hauke , Herth Felix , Imbusch Charles D , Brors Benedikt , Benes Vladimir , Wyatt David , Jurkowski Tomasz P. , Stahl Heiko F. , Plass Christoph , Jurkowska Renata Z. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect over 500 million people and are a leading cause of death worldwide. A common feature of both chronic and acute lung diseases is altered respiratory barrier integrity and impaired lung regeneration. We hypothesized that alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, as alveolar epithelial progenitors, will carry molecular alterations that compromise alveolar regeneration in COPD. Sorted AT2 cells from ex-smokers with and without COPD at different disease stages were subjected to RNA sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to generate unbiased transcriptome and DNA methylation maps of alveolar progenitors in the lung. Our analysis revealed genome-wide epigenetic changes in AT2 cells during COPD that were associated with global gene expression changes. Integrative data analysis uncovered a strong anti-correlation between gene expression and promoter methylation, suggesting that dysregulation of COPD-associated pathways in AT2 cells may be regulated by DNA methylation. Interferon (IFN) signaling was the top-upregulated pathway associated with the concomitant loss of promoter DNA methylation. Epigenetic regulation of the IFN pathway was validated in both global and targeted DNA demethylation assays in A549 cells. Notably, targeted DNA demethylation of IRF9 triggered upregulation of IFN signaling, mimicking the effects observed in COPD AT2 cells in the profiling data. Our findings suggest that COPD-triggered epigenetic alterations in AT2 cells may impair internal regeneration programs in human lung parenchyma.
Deepening the divide: Does globalization increase the polarization between winners and losers of globalization?
Authors: Ollroge Rasmus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDoes globalization increase polarization in attitudes toward international trade, immigration, and international organizations? Research from a variety of fields and disciplines assumes this relationship, but empirical studies are few. In this study, I examine whether globalization increases the attitudinal divide between education groups, with education being one of the main characteristics of social stratification distinguishing winners from losers of globalization. I use data from three waves of the National Identity Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from 1995 to 2013 covering 29 countries (n = 79,101) to analyze between‐ and within‐country interactions between the level of globalization and education in explaining attitudes toward globalization. The results show that while the attitudinal divide between educational groups is larger in countries with higher levels of globalization (between effect), polarization decreases as the level of globalization increases within countries (within effect), as persons with lower and medium levels of education become more positive toward globalization under increasing levels of globalization. The results are consistent across a wide range of robustness checks, including controlling for occupational class as a further distinction between winners and losers of globalization. The findings suggest that the expectations about a widening attitudinal divide between winners and losers of globalization should be treated with more caution.
Delinquency, unstructured socializing, and social change: The rise and fall of a teen culture of independence
Authors: Osgood D. Wayne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article delves into the connections between time trends in unstructured socializing and other dramatic changes in adolescence since the 1950s. Osgood et al.’s (1996) individual‐level application of routine activity theory proposed that unstructured socializing contributes to crime by exposing people to situations conducive to deviance, and a large body of research supports this idea. Unstructured socializing has proven useful as an explanatory bridge that links crime and deviance to key social factors like age, class, and gender. The present article expands on two recent studies (Baumer et al., 2021; Svensson & Oberwittler, 2021), which showed that changing rates of unstructured socializing help explain time trends in delinquency as well. Based on time trends across many domains of adolescent life, I argue that changes in unstructured socializing were a manifestation of the rise and fall of a teen culture of independence from the 1950s to the 2020s. The effectiveness of unstructured socializing as an explanatory bridge demonstrates the value of focusing on ordinary, everyday activities for tapping into features of life that are consequential and that vary across social conditions.
Spatial and temporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in wombats using the citizen science tool, WomSAT
Authors: MAYADUNNAGE Sujatha , STANNARD Hayley Jade , WEST Peter , OLD Julie M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is currently limited information regarding the levels of infection and distribution of sarcoptic mange in the wombat population throughout Australia. We analyzed cases of sarcoptic mange in bare‐nosed wombats reported into WomSAT, a website and mobile phone application where citizen scientists can upload sightings of wombats, burrows, and sarcoptic mange status. We used Maxent software to predict locations and the environmental factors associated with sarcoptic mange occurrence in bare‐nosed wombats. A total of 1379 sarcoptic mange‐infected and 3043 non‐sarcoptic mange‐infected wombats were reported by 674 and 841 citizen scientists, respectively. Of all the wombats reported to WomSAT from 2015 to 2019, 31.2% were infected with sarcoptic mange. Sarcoptic mange in bare‐nosed wombats was reported in 502 suburbs across four states. New South Wales had the highest number of sarcoptic mange cases reported to WomSAT. There was no statistically significant seasonal variation of sarcoptic mange levels in bare‐nosed wombats. The model showed that Euclidean distance to urban areas was the highest contributing factor for sarcoptic mange occurrence. As distance to urban areas decreased, the suitability for sarcoptic mange increased. Annual precipitation was the next contributing factor in the model, with higher rainfall of 400–700 mm correlating to an increase in sarcoptic mange occurrence. As the data collected to date have provided the largest‐scale contemporary distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats, data should continue to be collected by citizen scientists as it is an easy and low‐cost method of collecting data over large areas. We suggest targeting the identified hotspot areas and more site‐specific studies for studying and mitigating sarcoptic mange in bare‐nosed wombats.
Evolutionary plant–pollinator responses to anthropogenic land‐use change: impacts on ecosystem services
Authors: Pontarp Mikael , Runemark Anna , Friberg Magne , Opedal Øystein H. , Persson Anna S. , Wang Lingzi , Smith Henrik G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAgricultural intensification at field and landscape scales, including increased use of agrochemicals and loss of semi‐natural habitats, is a major driver of insect declines and other community changes. Efforts to understand and mitigate these effects have traditionally focused on ecological responses. At the same time, adaptations to pesticide use and habitat fragmentation in both insects and flowering plants show the potential for rapid evolution. Yet we lack an understanding of how such evolutionary responses may propagate within and between trophic levels with ensuing consequences for conservation of species and ecological functions in agroecosystems. Here, we review the literature on the consequences of agricultural intensification on plant and animal evolutionary responses and interactions. We present a novel conceptualization of evolutionary change induced by agricultural intensification at field and landscape scales and emphasize direct and indirect effects of rapid evolution on ecosystem services. We exemplify by focusing on economically and ecologically important interactions between plants and pollinators. We showcase available eco‐evolutionary theory and plant–pollinator modelling that can improve predictions of how agricultural intensification affects interaction networks, and highlight available genetic and trait‐focused methodological approaches. Specifically, we focus on how spatial genetic structure affects the probability of propagated responses, and how the structure of interaction networks modulates effects of evolutionary change in individual species. Thereby, we highlight how combined trait‐based eco‐evolutionary modelling, functionally explicit quantitative genetics, and genomic analyses may shed light on conditions where evolutionary responses impact important ecosystem services.
History of Veterinary Immunology in New Zealand
Authors: Buddle Bryce M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKnowledge gained from veterinary immunology has played an important role in the control of microbial and parasitic diseases in New Zealand through the development and use of vaccines and diagnostic tests. In this article celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Journal, I follow the development of important discoveries in veterinary immunology which have led to major advances in the control of animal diseases.
An ABCB transporter regulates anisotropic cell expansion via cuticle deposition in the moss Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Zhang Liechi , Sasaki‐Sekimoto Yuko , Kosetsu Ken , Aoyama Tsuyoshi , Murata Takashi , Kabeya Yukiko , Sato Yoshikatsu , Koshimizu Shizuka , Shimojima Mie , Ohta Hiroyuki , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Ishikawa Masaki 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Anisotropic cell expansion is crucial for the morphogenesis of land plants, as cell migration is restricted by the rigid cell wall. The anisotropy of cell expansion is regulated by mechanisms acting on the deposition or modification of cell wall polysaccharides. Besides the polysaccharide components in the cell wall, a layer of hydrophobic cuticle covers the outer cell wall and is subjected to tensile stress that mechanically restricts cell expansion. However, the molecular machinery that deposits cuticle materials in the appropriate spatiotemporal manner to accommodate cell and tissue expansion remains elusive.
Here, we report that PpABCB14, an ATP‐binding cassette transporter in the moss Physcomitrium patens, regulates the anisotropy of cell expansion. PpABCB14 localized to expanding regions of leaf cells. Deletion of PpABCB14 resulted in impaired anisotropic cell expansion.
Unexpectedly, the cuticle proper was reduced in the mutants, and the cuticular lipid components decreased. Moreover, induced PpABCB14 expression resulted in deformed leaf cells with increased cuticle lipid accumulation on the cell surface.
Taken together, PpABCB14 regulates the anisotropy of cell expansion via cuticle deposition, revealing a regulatory mechanism for cell expansion in addition to the mechanisms acting on cell wall polysaccharides.
A Novel Intraoperative Posture‐Adjustment Apparatus for Correction of Cervical Lordosis in Anterior Cervical Surgery
Authors: Deng Yifei , Wang Beiyu , Liu Hao , Meng Yang , Rong Xin , Wu Tingkui , Chen Hao , Hong Ying 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveCervical alignment is a crucial factor related to the success of anterior cervical surgical procedures. In patients with severe spinal cord compression, a traditional neck pillow (TNP) may not adequately correct cervical position during surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to introduce this innovative intraoperative posture‐adjustment apparatus (IPAA), and explored its clinical and radiological results in cervical angle correction against TNP in patients who had undergone anterior cervical surgery.MethodsThe clinical and radiological data of 86 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery with a minimum follow‐up period of 1 year were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 58 patients underwent IPAA, whereas 28 underwent TNP. Radiological parameters such as the degree of C2‐C7 lordosis (CL), functional spinal unit angle (FSUA), C7 slope (C7S), fusion rate, and adjacent segment disease (ASD) were recorded and compared between the groups. Clinical outcomes including the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), neck disability index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for neck and arm were recorded. Complications such as kyphosis, dysphagia, Braden Scale score, revision surgery, hematoma, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, wound infection, and deep venous thrombosis were also recorded. The independent t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous data, and categorical variables were assessed using the Pearson's chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsCompared with the pre‐operative data, the post‐operative CL, FSUA, and C7S were significantly increased in both groups. CL, FSUA, and C7S in the IPAA group (14.44 ± 4.94°, 7.36 ± 2.91°, 16.54 ± 4.63°) were significantly higher than those in the TNP group (7.17 ± 8.19°, 4.99 ± 5.36°, 14.19 ± 4.48°; P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of VAS arm and JOA scores, the post‐operative and final follow‐up NDI and VAS neck scores in the IPAA group were significantly lower than those in the TNP group (p < 0.05). At the last follow‐up, the TNP group had significantly more kyphotic patients than the IPAA group (2 vs. 0, p = 0,041). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of fusion rate, ASD, or complications such as dysphagia, Braden's Scale score, revision surgery, hematoma, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, wound infection, or deep venous thrombosis.ConclusionIPAA was shown to be more effective than TNP in adjusting cervical alignment (CL, FSUA, and C7S). These findings suggest that IPAA could be used as an alternative way to TNP in neck setting and cervical alignment adjustment and IPAA could potentially improve clinical outcomes after anterior cervical surgery.
Successful parturition and lactation after a deslorelin implant removal in a pregnant cat
Authors: Paganotto Alessandra , Truttmann Annouck , Rosset Émilie 
Published: October 2023

Case summary The aim of this clinical case presentation was to describe the effect of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant placement in a pregnant queen during the second half of gestation, and the consequences of its removal on the pregnancy and parturition. A 5-year-old female cat exhibiting nesting behaviour and weight gain 10 days after placement of a deslorelin implant was presented for examination. Gestation was confirmed on ultrasound, with two well-formed kittens of a gestational age of approximately 7 weeks. The deslorelin implant placed on the umbilicus was removed 1 week later. No change in the pregnancy was observed after removal of the implant. The fetuses showed no signs of distress on ultrasound and radiography examination 4 days after removal of the implant. One week after implant removal, the queen naturally delivered two healthy kittens. The queen showed maternal behaviour with normal milk production. Relevance and novel information In the light of the lack of literature on implant injection and removal in the pregnant queen, this case report showcases a successful birth of healthy kittens without any subsequent adverse effect on the queen. Further study is needed to assess the safety of implant removal during pregnancy and potential use as a means to induce fertile oestrus in the queen.
Evaluating the wearing-off effects of fremanezumab in high-frequency episodic migraine and chronic migraine: A real-world observational study in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Shiho , Suzuki Keisuke , Shiina Tomohiko , Haruyama Yasuo , Hirata Koichi 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the rate of wearing-off effects of monthly and quarterly dosing of fremanezumab based on real-world data. Methods: We conducted an observational, single-center cohort study including 101 high-frequency episodic migraine or chronic migraine patients receiving fremanezumab over a 9-month observation period. Weekly migraine days (WMDs) were assessed by headache diaries. Regarding monthly dosing, comparisons of WMDs were performed between week (W) 1–2 and W3–4 and between W2 and W4 in months 3, 6 and 9. Regarding quarterly dosing, comparisons of WMDs were performed between W1–2 and W11–12 and between W2 and W12 in the first, second and third quarters. Wearing-off effects were defined as a >1 day increase in WMDs at any of the 3 time points. Results: There was no increase in mean WMDs at the end or the second half of the week in the monthly and quarterly dosing groups over 9 months. Wearing-off effects occurred in 6.7–11.7% of the 60 patients in the monthly dosing group and 9.8% of the 41 patients in the quarterly dosing group. Conclusion: Our findings of a low incidence of wearing-off effects support the sustainability of the effect of fremanezumab as headache prophylaxis.
Pre-pandemic factors associated with delayed health care among US older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jones Alyssa N , Power Melinda C 
Published: October 2023

Background: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than one-third of US older adults (aged 65 years and older) reported delaying medical care. Delayed health care may exacerbate short- and long-term health changes in older adults. Older adults more likely to delay health care may benefit from targeted follow-up to return these individuals to the health care system. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe pre-pandemic sociodemographic, psychological, cognitive, and medical factors associated with delayed health care among US older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of 2905 participants from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative, prospective cohort of US older adult Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: Pre-pandemic factors were reported at the Round 9 interview (2019). Delayed health care, including medical (e.g. usual doctor) and supplementary (e.g. dental) care, was reported on the COVID-19 questionnaire (2020). We calculated adjusted odds ratios using weighted logistic regression, accounting for the NHATS sampling design. Results: Overall, 40% of participants reported delayed care. After adjustment, female participants and those reporting fair (vs good) health were consistently more likely to delay health care while persons with lower income or excellent health were less likely to delay care. Other associations varied by care type. Conclusion: Women and those with higher income or fair health before the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to delay care during the pandemic. Our results may inform targeted outreach to older adults who delayed care during the COVID-19 pandemic, or other disruptions to the health care system, to return these individuals to care and promote better management of their health needs.
Compressive optic neuropathy due to posterior ethmoid mucocele
Authors: Che Song-A , Lee Yong Woo , Yoo Yung-Ju 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMucoceles are cystic formations characterized by the presence of mucus-secreting epithelial cells, which enlarge when the excretory duct becomes obstructed. Posterior ethmoidal mucoceles are rare conditions that can lead to severe ocular complications requiring immediate intervention. The close anatomical proximity of posterior ethmoidal mucoceles to the optic nerve underscores their significance. In this case report, we present a case of rapidly progressing compressive optic neuropathy secondary to a posterior ethmoidal mucocele. A previously healthy forty-six-year-old woman presented with sudden visual loss in her left eye, preceded by left-sided headache and periorbital pain. Clinical examination and imaging studies revealed an oval-shaped mass within the posterior ethmoid cell compressing the left optic nerve. Emergency surgery was performed to alleviate optic nerve compression, which successfully relieved periocular pain. However, the patient’s visual acuity and visual field defect remained unchanged postoperatively. Thinning of the ganglion cell layer in the macula region was observed during follow-up examinations. The role of corticosteroids and antibiotics in visual rehabilitation and the impact of delayed surgical decompression on visual outcome remain subjects of debate. Additional cases of mucocele-associated optic neuropathy should be published and analyzed to establish optimal treatment approaches.