bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEG Dynamic functional connectivity as a longitudinal biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease relatives
Authors: Carrasco‐Gómez Martín , García‐Colomo Alejandra , Nebreda Alberto , de Frutos Jaisalmer , Ramírez Federico , Cabrera Jesús , Fernández Ricardo Bruña , Santos Andrés , Maestú Fernando 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although it presents a long preclinical period, treatment has yet to be found, and individuals at risk, like first‐degree relatives, are being studied to identify early detection markers to maximise the effectiveness of treatments. Functional connectivity changes have been observed even at this early stage (Ramirez‐Toraño et al., 2021), but most disregard its temporal dimension. This study investigates the value of a simple estimation of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in a longitudinal follow‐up of individuals with varying risk of the disease, as this parameter is expected to decrease across the disease continuum (Grieder et al, 2018).Method95 cognitively unimpaired participants with a family history of AD (FH+) and 39 without it (FH‐) underwent two longitudinal 5‐minute resting‐state magnetoencephalography recordings, approximately 3 years apart. FC in the low alpha band (8‐10 Hz) was estimated in 4‐second segments using phase locking value in the source space, and the standard deviation (STD) across epochs was calculated. Then, a STD ratio was derived dividing the STD values of the follow‐up session by those of the baseline session, and then averaged over nodes belonging to the same regions of the automatic anatomical labelling atlas. Left‐tailed t‐tests between the STD ratio of both groups in each ROI link (n_comparisons = 3160) were calculated and corrected for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate using q = 0.20.Result13 links show a significantly lower dFC in the FH+ group than in the FH‐ group (Figure 1). Interestingly, these links involve regions where amyloid‐beta deposits early in the AD continuum (Mattsson et al., 2019), and are strongly related to the default mode network (Palmqvist et al. 2017).ConclusionThis study suggests that a simple estimation of dFC like STD may be useful in early detection pathological patterns characteristic of AD, even in cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk. The fact that dFC decreases were detected in areas where amyloid deposits appear at an early stage might indicate that these changes are related to changes in the excitation/inhibition ratio, which will be further studied in upcoming investigations.
High risk of obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with higher baseline plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and predicts decline in levels over time in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Pivac Louise N , Pedrini Steve , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Doecke James D , Villemagne Victor L , Dore Vincent , Brown Belinda M , Weinborn Michael , Sohrabi Hamid R , Gardener Samantha L , Asih Prita Riana , Bucks Romola S , Masters Colin L , Rowe Christopher C , Martins Ralph N , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFindings from animal studies report links between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) models and elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In humans, elevated plasma GFAP, reflecting reactive astrogliosis, is considered an early event in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. The current study investigated whether OSA risk predicts the slope of plasma GFAP in cognitively unimpaired older adults.MethodLinear mixed effect model analyses were conducted on 70 cognitively unimpaired older adult (M = 73.1, SD = 5.2, 57.1% female) participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing. Individuals completed the well‐validated STOP‐Bang questionnaire to assess OSA risk (Low; Intermediate; High), and underwent positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify brain Aβ burden. Plasma GFAP was measured using the Simoa® platform over three timepoints (range 30.06 ‐ 99.45 months). The model included, a random intercept, a three‐way interaction between OSA risk, baseline brain Aβ status and time, adjusting for Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, sex, baseline age, and baseline body mass index.ResultHigh risk of OSA and high brain Aβ (>25 Centiloids) were independently associated with higher baseline plasma GFAP and forecast a negative longitudinal plasma GFAP trajectory.ConclusionThese novel findings suggest that OSA mechanisms, independent of prior brain Aβ accumulation, may contribute to early reactive astrogliosis in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Additionally, a decline in plasma GFAP was observed during the preclinical period, both in those at high risk of OSA and those at greater risk of AD due to high brain Aβ.
The use of caffeine consumption in cognitive impairment and relationship with sleep disorders
Authors: Dewer Bethan , Blackman Jonathan , Gabb Victoria , Morrison Hamish , Coulthard Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of caffeine on cognition and dementia risk remains unclear with previous studies demonstrating both detrimental and potentially protective effects. There is limited data on the role of caffeine consumption in prodromal and established dementia. We explored the relationship between sleep and caffeine in a population with and without dementia.MethodPatients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD group, n = 8) or Lewy body disease (LBD group, n = 7) and age‐matched controls (HC group, n = 9) were recruited into an observational cohort study on sleep and memory. Caffeine consumption, sleep duration, and baseline demographics were collected at baseline via self‐reported questionnaires and used in a multiple linear regression to explore relationships between cognitive impairment/dementia, sleep, and caffeine.ResultMultiple linear regression was used to test if age, sex, hours of sleep, anxiety or cognitive impairment was associated with caffeine consumption. On average, people in the AD/LBD groups had longer sleep duration and greater caffeine intake. After controlling for age, sex, and diagnostic group, there was a negative correlation between self‐reported hours of sleep and caffeine consumption (p = 0.004). The average reduction in sleep hours with increased caffeine intake was ‐1.35, 97.5% CI [‐2.21, ‐0.50]. After controlling for age, sex, there was a positive correlation for those with a diagnosis of AD/LBD having increased caffeine consumption (p = 0.007).ConclusionOur results suggest that those consuming more caffeine are likely to be sleeping for fewer hours, and those with cognitive impairment may be consuming more caffeinated drinks on average per day. An increase in caffeine consumption in the cognitively impaired may be used as self‐medication for daytime somnolence or as a cognitive stimulant. Recruitment continues and further analysis of actigraphy and napping data will add further insights.
Community Pharmacists expand access to cognitive function assessments with Cognivue Clarity™ device
Authors: Abubakar Amina , Sinclair Jessica , Kabisatpathy Saswat , Lutz Susan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost initial cognitive assessments are performed by primary care physicians (PCPs). With the growing senior population reaching the age of increased risk for Alzheimer’s (65 yrs), coupled with the projected shortage of up to 48,000 PCPs by 2034 (IHS Market Ltd. AAMC;2021), use of pharmacy‐based cognitive assessments can greatly expand access. Pharmacists are more accessible than PCPs (Tsuyuki et al. 2018) and are among the most trusted healthcare professionals.MethodMember pharmacies of CPESN USA were selected to conduct standardized cognitive function tests using the Cognivue Clarity® device. Study participants were ≥65 yrs and had the ability to complete a survey about their cognitive screening history and PCP contact information. Site education and training were conducted by the Avant Institute and Cognivue. Sites were surveyed following data collection. Study was funded by the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative and occurred August 2022 ‐ December 2022.ResultNineteen CPESN pharmacy sites from 13 states, 10 within medically underserved or rural areas, submitted 425 eCare plans that were eligible for analysis. Less than 16% (67/425) patients reported having a previous cognitive assessment, with 81% (343/425) reporting this was their first cognitive assessment, and the remainder reported unknown. Approximately 73% (312/425) of patients had Cognivue clinical overall scores outside the normal range and were referred to their PCP. Site surveys post‐data collection showed that >83% and >72% of pharmacies rated ease of use of the Cognivue Clarity device, and education and training, to be an extremely significant or significant contributor to study success, respectively.ConclusionPharmacists are often overlooked as a vital link to assessing the cognitive health of seniors. With two FDA‐cleared immunotherapies available, it is critical that seniors are aware of their cognitive status so they can seek research studies, further evaluations, and/or medications. This study showed that with training and use of Cognitive Clarity, pharmacists can easily provide seniors with an objective cognitive function assessment. Accordingly, widespread implementation of pharmacy‐based computerized cognitive testing could greatly expand access to meet the brain health needs of the growing senior population.
Hearing loss moderates cognitive‐motor dual‐tasking before and after combined exercise and cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Findings from the SYNERGIC and COMPASS‐ND studies
Authors: Downey Rachel , Petersen Berkley , Mohanathas Niroshica , Campos Jennifer L. , Montero‐Odasso Manuel , Bherer Louis , Pichora‐Fuller M. Kathleen , Phillips Natalie , Li Karen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related hearing loss is associated with poor cognitive‐motor dual‐task performance and is a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Although different interventions have shown to improve dual‐task performance in older adults, it is currently unclear whether hearing ability affects training efficacy in individuals with MCI.MethodsSecondary data analyses of 75 participants with MCI (Mage
= 73.66 ± 6.67) who completed the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration and Aging SYNERGIC and COMPASS‐ND studies. We investigated how hearing ability (normal hearing (n = 56), hearing loss (n = 19)) moderated the efficacy of a 20‐week intervention (combined exercise and cognitive training (n = 32), exercise training alone (n = 31), control (n = 12)) on single‐ and dual‐task working memory performance (serial one or seven subtractions, semantic fluency) and spatio‐temporal gait characteristics.ResultsAt baseline, participants with hearing loss had slower gait speed and higher step time variability while concurrently completing the semantic fluency task, compared to participants with normal hearing. Participants with hearing loss also had higher accuracy on the semantic fluency and serial seven subtractions tasks while dual‐tasking, compared to participants with normal hearing. Single‐ and dual‐task gait speed increased significantly following combined exercise and cognitive training, with greater improvements observed in participants with hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing. However, older adults with hearing loss showed a significant decrease in dual‐task serial seven subtractions and semantic fluency following combined exercise and cognitive training.ConclusionThese findings help clarify the relationship between hearing loss, cognition, and mobility in old age and inform training recommendations for persons with MCI based on hearing ability. Combined exercise and cognitive training appears to have increased attentional and physical resources, allowing participants with hearing loss to shift postural prioritization strategies while dual‐tasking from a posture‐second strategy to a posture‐first strategy. Thus, combined exercise and cognitive training may be particularly beneficial for older adults with both MCI and hearing loss, in order to improve safe walking behaviours while multi‐tasking and mitigate further decline.
Association between known Alzheimer’s disease risk loci and in vivo brain amyloid pathology in a Korean Cohort
Authors: Ahn Hyejin , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Jung Gijung , Huang Yen‐Ning , Griswold Anthony J. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. A , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Yun‐Sang , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Kang Koung Mi , Lee Jun‐Young , Saykin Andrew J. , Nho Kwangsik , Lee Dong Young 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been conducted in populations of European ancestry. It is important to determine if known AD‐related variants from these studies are associated with AD biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated the association between known AD risk loci and in vivo brain Aβ deposition in older Korean adults.MethodParticipants (n = 503) from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE) were analyzed. Older adults who were cognitively normal (CN), had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD dementia (264 CN, 148 MCI, 91 AD) underwent comprehensive assessments including 11C‐PiB‐PET/MRI and blood sampling. Among 76 AD‐related target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genetic evidence compiled by the AD Sequencing Project (ADSP), 38 SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF)>1% were extracted from TOPMed‐based imputed GWAS genotyping data in KBASE. We employed exploratory univariable logistic regression analysis with Aβ positivity as the dependent variable for each SNP. Then, SNPs with a significance level of p<0.05 were subjected to confirmatory multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age and sex, with Bonferroni correction.ResultIn the first step of exploratory analyses, we discovered significant differences in Aβ positivity rates between carriers and noncarriers of minor allele of several loci, including rs16824536 in MME, rs11218343 in SORL1, rs4985556 in IL34, rs4277405 in ACE and rs3851179, located in the intergenic region between EED and PICALM. The subsequent confirmatory analysis found an association between these variants and Aβ positivity after adjusting age and sex (Table 1). Notably, the negative association of rs3851179 with Aβ positivity remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons and after controlling for APOE4 carrier status, age, and sex (OR 0.529, 95% CI 0.345–0.813).ConclusionWe identified associations between several known AD risk loci and Aβ positivity on PET. rs3851179, demonstrated a robust association with in vivo brain Aβ positivity that was independent of APOE4 status. Our findings suggest that rs3851179 may be protective for in vivo Aβ accumulation. Additionally, the findings are needed to be replicated in other populations with different ancestries.
Brain Iron in Aging Signature Regions Relating to Long‐Term Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Wang Yingzhe , Li Rui , Lu Heyang , Chen Xingdong , Cui Mei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain iron accumulation has been linked to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is often associated with cerebral atrophy in AD‐specific brain regions. However, it remains unclear whether there is a selective pattern of brain iron deposition associated with cognitive aging or age‐related brain atrophy compared to AD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain iron level, atrophy, and cognitive decline in a Chinese population‐based cohort and explore the spatial distribution of brain iron deposition associated with individual cognition functions.MethodA total 770 community‐dwelling participants from Taizhou Imaging Study (mean age 62.0 ± 4.93 years, 57.5% women) underwent brain MRI examination, and among them 219 participants accepted neuropsychological tests at a mean follow‐up of 2.68 years. Brain iron deposition was evaluated using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), while global atrophy, cortical thickness and subcortical volumes were analyzed using surface‐based techniques. Global cognition function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and domain‐specific cognitive scores were obtained from subscores of MoCA. Regional analyses were performed on the cortical and 3 signature regions: Aging‐specific, Aging and AD signature meta‐ROIs (Figure 1).ResultIron levels were negatively correlated with classic MRI markers of cortical atrophy (cortical thickness, gray matter volume, local gyrification index) in total, Aging‐specific, and Aging signature cortical regions (all P < 0.05). Participants in the upper tertile of the cortical and Aging‐specific signature QSM showed worse global cognitive function compared to those in the bottom tertile after adjusting for gray matter atrophy. Among 219 participants who underwent follow‐up, higher brain iron levels in all ROIs predicted accelerated deterioration in the rate of cognitive decline in global cognition, attention, and visuospatial function (Table 1 and Table 2, all P < 0.05). These associations remained significant even after the including cortical thickness of each ROI as a covariate.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that aging and AD‐selective iron deposition is associated with atrophy and cognitive decline in elderly individuals, suggesting the brain iron deposition has the potential to be used as an imaging biomarker for tracking cognitive aging.
Prevalence of geriatric syndromes among older outpatients with dementia
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Nguyen Thu Thi Hoai , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , Tran Luc Viet , Nguyen Anh Trung , Pham Thang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of geriatric syndromes in people with dementia may result in worsening of independence and autonomy.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted on outpatients with dementia aged ≥ 60 years old. Dementia was diagnosed by neuropsychiatrists following DSM‐5 criteria.. The geriatric syndromes includes nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale‐Short Form), polypharmacy, comorbidities, alcohol use, symptom of depression (Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease), physical functional (Barthel Index, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), lower body strength (30 seconds stand chair test), high risk of fall (Time Up and Go test ≥ 13.5 seconds), hearing loss (Whisper test), low visual acuity (Snellen test) and poor quality sleep (The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index).ResultA total of 87 participants was recruited in the study (mean age: 76.8±1.2 years; female: 65.5%). The median number of geriatrics syndrome per participant was 5 (IQR = 2). The most common geriatric syndromes were loss of independence (96.6% impariment in ≥1 IADL task score), reduced lower body strength (86.2%), risk of malnutrition (78.2%), low speed (74.7%) and risk of falls (67.8%). The prevalence of alcohol use, risk of malnutrition, loss of independence and reduced lower body strength were consistently increase linearly with the severity of dementia.ConclusionThe presence and co‐incidence of geriatric syndromes is common among outpatients with dementia. This finding could have important clinical implications in the clinical work‐up and service delivery in Vietnam. We have begun to think about how we can develop our primary to provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches to screening, recognition, and treatment of people with dementia
Hand grip strength, anthropometrics and cognitive decline
Authors: McGuinness Bernadette , Passmore Anthony Peter , Holmes Clive , Patterson Christopher , Linden Gerry , McEvoy Claire T , McAlinden Michael , McKay Gareth J , Farsi Dominic , Teeling Jessica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHand grip strength is a well validated measure of physical strength, while anthropometric measures such as weight, waist, hip and mid upper arm circumference, are well validated to determine physical health. The present analysis investigated the relationship between hand grip strength, anthropometric measures and dementia incidence in 70–90‐year‐old men residing in Northern Ireland (NI).MethodThe PRIME‐COG study is nested in PRIME (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction), a cohort study of men in NI. In the most recent follow up for PRIME‐COG, men underwent a comprehensive cognitive assessment from which a consensus diagnosis of normal cognitive function, MCI or dementia was made by experienced clinical researchers. Hand grip strength and anthropometrics measures were also recorded. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between hand grip strength and anthropometric measures and cognitive endpoints.ResultThe analysis identified that low hand grip strength was associated with dementia and/or MCI, although this did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.39, p = 0.18). In the anthropometric measures, a significant relationship was observed between hip circumference and dementia and/or MCI at PRIME‐COG follow up (OR 0.93, p = 0.01), whereas BMI was non‐significantly associated (OR 1.22, p = 0.58). The remaining anthropometric measures investigated were not found to hold any significant relationships with the cognitive outcomes.ConclusionWithin a cohort of older men residing in NI, low hand grip strength was associated with a 39% increased risk of dementia or MCI, although this was not statistically significant. In anthropometric measures, hip circumference was found to be significantly negatively associated with a 7% reduced risk of dementia or MCI, while BMI was associated with a 22% increased risk, which again was not of statistical significance. The present study helps further contribute to the evidence base that physical well‐being is associated with cognitive function.