bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of Imidacloprid by the Local Isolate Rhizobium pusense
Authors: Ali Ihab H. , Bayar Aswan H. , Arif Mokhtar A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imidacloprid is systemic insecticide (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine) and the world’s most widely used has significant efficacy against a broad variety of pests and a unique mode of action by using it spreader and irrigation. The persistence of this pesticide in the soil means that it causes environmental damage that must be cleaned up. In this study collected and identified the best bacteria isolate that breakdown imidacloprid from the Plant Protection Director in Baghdad, which has been using neonicotinoid pesticides for years in their own greenhouse for pest control. Using high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC to measuring the residual concentrations of imidacloprid in MSM media at a concentration of 25 mg/L for 21 days to know the best degrading bacterial isolate for imidacloprid. The best bacterial isolate No.43 was able to degrade 50.2% for 21 days of imidacloprid which was identified as Rhizobium pusense according to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Moreover, genetic analysis for the 16S rRNA gene and given a new accession number (OP218458.1.) in the GenBank of NCBI. It could be concluded, from this study that the soil previously contaminated for long periods of time with imidacloprid can be treated by degrading the imidacloprid residues in it by isolated bacteria Rhizobium pusense.
Environmental Health Risks of Antibiotic Residue in Sewage Discharged from Mosul City: An ELISA-Based Investigation
Authors: Al-Hafidh Zainab A. B. , Albanna Ayman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to showed that all sixteen samples collected from different areas of the city had detectable levels of antibiotic residues, with a mean concentration of 4.1 ng/ml and a standard deviation of 0.656 ng/ml. These findings indicate that antibiotics are being overused or not disposed of properly in the area, posing a potential risk to environmental health. The ELISA technique was effective in creating a standard curve for determining the antibiotic concentration in unknown samples. The standard curve showed a linear relationship between the concentration of antibiotics and the absorbance values obtained from the ELISA assay. By comparing the mean concentrations of antibiotic residues between different areas of the city, significant differences were found. For example, the left side of the city had a mean concentration of 3.97 ng/ml, while the right side of the city had a mean concentration of 4.19 ng/ml. The difference in the mean concentrations between the two areas was statistically significant (p<0.05). The high mean concentration of antibiotic residues detected in the samples suggests that antibiotics are being overused or not properly disposed of in the area. In conclusion, this study shows that there are detectable levels of antibiotic residues in the discharged water of Mosul City, indicating a potential threat to environmental health. Implementing measures to reduce the use and ensure proper disposal of antibiotics can help mitigate the potential risks associated with the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, protecting public health and environmental well-being.
Effect of Different Levels of Organic and Phosphate Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Three Sunflower Genotypes (Helianthus annus L.) in Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Doori Saad Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the semiarid region of Talkif district, which is 35 km north of city of Mosul within Nineveh Governorate, during two growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 in sandy loom soil to study effect of three levels of organic manure (0, 400 and 800 kg.ha-1), a form of sheep manure, mixed thoroughly with the soil before planting, and three levels of phosphate fertilizers (0, 75, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5) added at once during soil preparation on yield and quality of three sunflower genotypes (Isera, Melabour and Velko). The experiment was carried out using a multifactorial randomized complete block design with three replicates for each experiment. Results indicate: effect of organic fertilizer was significant on all studied traits for both seasons. The treatment by adding organic fertilizer to soil with the amount of 800 kg.ha-1 gave the highest rate compared to addition of lowest ratio (400 kg.ha-1) and comparison treatment. Since Iraqi soil is poor in its content of phosphorus, which ranks second among the three most beneficial elements for plants, the addition of this element to soil at a rate of 150 kg.ha-1 led to a significant increase in all growth, yield and quality traits for both growing seasons. The genotypes of sunflower crop were significantly affected in all growth, yield and quality traits for both planting seasons. The Melabour genotype surpassed Velko and Isera genotypes in the studied traits for both growing seasons.
Effect of Calcium Chloride and Gibberellic Acid on Flowering Growth of Two Cultivars of Gladiolus X hortulanus L.
Authors: Abdulwahab Mahmood Mohammed , Altaee Alaa Hashim Younis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted inside the wooden canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the agricultural season (2022-2023). to study the effect of spraying with different concentrations of calcium chloride (0, 500, 1000) mg. L-1 and spraying with gibberellic acid at concentrations of (0, 100, 200) mg. L-1 and the interaction between flowering growth of two varieties of Gladiolus hortulanus. They are Nova lux with yellow flowers and Trader Lux with red flowers. The corms were planted on 17/3/2022, then sprayed 30 days after planting the corms with three sprays and three concentrations of calcium chloride (0,500, 1000) mg.L-1 The plants were also sprayed with gibberellic acid, with three sprays and three concentrations (0, 100, 200), The period between one spray and another was two weeks. The spraying was done with gibberellic acid after 35 days of planting the corms. The study was carried out using a factorial experiment in the design of completed randomized sectors R.C.B.D within split plots with three replications, each experimental unit included (7) corms for each replicate. The yellow cultivar recorded the shortest period for color to appear in the first inflorescence, which amounted to 79.092 days, and the largest values in the fresh weight of the flower and the inflorescence, which amounted to 50.663 g. The diameter of the first flower reached 78.794 mm, the largest length of the inflorescence reached 41.285 cm, and the largest diameter of the flower stalk reached 9.294 mm. Also, there were no significant differences between the two cultivars in the characteristic of the number of florets per plant. The treatment with calcium chloride at both concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg.L-1 resulted in a significant increase in all studied traits. The treatment resulted in gibberellic acid at a concentration of 200 mg. L-1 resulted in a significant increase in all studied traits.
Response of Gladiolus Plant to Spraying with Plant Extracts and their Effect on Vegetative and Flowering Growth Indicators
Authors: Al-Asadi Z. N. , Zaidan O. H. , Fawaz S. F. , Kadhim Z. K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening at the College of the Agriculture - University of Karbala during 2020-2021 to show the response of the Gladius plant to spraying with plant extracts, Hibiscus Sabdoriffa extract (0, 5, 10 g. l-1) and Moringa leaf extract (0, 4, 8 g. l-1) and its effect on vegetative and flower growth indicators. Results showed that Exogenous application of Hibiscus Sabdoriffa’s extract (10 g. l-1) with Moringa leaf extract (8 g. l-1) significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf content of total chlorophyll, length of flowering shamrock, number of florets and duration of flowering. It reached (48.37 cm, 8.03 leaves. plant 1, 61.13 SPAD, 43.71 cm, 9.25 flowers. shamrock 1, and 11.44 days) compared with the control treatment.
Promote the Quantitative and Qualitative Production of Three Varieties of Organically Grown Beetroot
Authors: Mageed Rawaa Galeb , Hussin Wafaa Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out for autumn season 2021-2022 in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya Complex - Station A -To study the effect of cultivars (Red, Dark Red, and Cylindra), organic medium, vermicompost, and cow manure, as well as control treatment (soil only), and spraying with silicon, calcium, and distilled water (comparison) on the growth, yield, and quality of beetroot, within a completely randomized block design as a split-plot experiment. As the cultivars were counted as the main factor, organic medium, and foliar spraying as the secondary factor, with three replicates, the number of treatments reached 27, and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference L.S.D at the level of probability of 5% for each variety, and the results were as follows: The treatment of the triple interaction of the Dark Red cultivar with the Vermicompost planting medium and spraying with silicon was significantly excelled by giving it the highest percentages of the nutrients N, P, and K, as well as the concentration of the element Si in the roots of the beetroot plant, at a rate of (3.53%, 0.48%, 4.07%, and 387.67 mg L-1), respectively. While the treatment V2×F2×S2 was significantly excelled in the percentage of calcium, as it gave 2.19%. The triple interaction treatment of Cylindra cultivar and Vermicompost medium with silicone spraying were significantly excelled in (plant height, blade diameter, number of leaves and percentage of fibers), as it gave (58.56 cm, 11.00 mm, 13.55 leaf-1 and 4.01%), respectively. While the treatment of Dark Red cultivar and Vermicompost media with silicone spray 2V×F1×S2 excelled by giving it the highest root weight and the highest percentage of dry matter (387.97 g root-1 and 9.00%), respectively.
The Effect of Spraying with Jasmonic Acid and Sugar Alcohols on some Chemical and Hormonal Properties of Lemon and Benzher Seedlings
Authors: Al-Zobai Abdullah Hassn Khalif , Al-Hamdani Khalid Abdullah Sahar , Al-Ahbaby Adeeb Jassem Abbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2022, researchers from the University of Samarra’s Department of Horticulture and the College of Agriculture built a wooden canopy to perform their experiment. To study the effect of spraying with jasmonic acid and sugar alcohols on some chemical and hormonal properties of lemon and benzher seedlings, the seedlings were chosen as homogeneous as possible in size at the age of one and a half years. The experiment included three factors: the first being two Speciess of citrus seedlings, lemon and benzher. The second factor is spraying with three levels of jasmonic acid 0, 10, 20 mmol L-1, and the third factor is spraying seedlings with three concentrations of sugar alcohols 0, 3, 6 ml L-1. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD), the results showed the superiority of lime over benzher in the leaves content of nitrogen, chlorophyll, and jasmonic leaves content, and the values were 2.332%, 12.12 mg gm-1, 64.78 mg kg-1, respectively. As for benzher, it excelled in the rate of increase in the percentage of phosphorus, potassium, Carbohydrates, as it recorded 0.476%, 1.240%, and 3.284%, respectively.Also spraying with jasmonic resulted in a significant increase, especially the treatment Ja2, which was superior to the two treatments Ja1 and Ja0 in the leaves content of nitrogen, chlorophyll, leaf content of jasmonic, percentage of phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates, and the results were 2.364%, 12.34 mg gm-1, 69.13 mg kg -1, 0496%, 1.263%, 3.300%, respectively. Spraying with sugar alcohols had a significant effect at the concentration of 6 ml L-1 S2 in the leaf content of nitrogen, chlorophyll, phosphorus, potassium, and carbohydrates, and the values were 2.339%, 12.20 mg gm-1., 0.491, 1.243%, 3.277%, respectively, while the average of these characteristics was lowest in the control group that received treatment S0. All of the qualities analyzed displayed substantial variations in the binary and triple interactions of the research components.
Effect of Growth Regulator (ATONIK) and Zn-Nano-Fertilizer on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.)
Authors: Al-Musawi Mustafa Hameed Kadhum 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To determine the effects of foliar spraying with growth regulator (Atonik) and Nano-Zinc in sandy loam soil on the Qurtuba cultivar of sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum L., a field experiment was conducted in a non-heated plastic house at a specified field at coordinate during the autumn of 2022. A factorial experiment was constructed using the RCBD method, and the average was compared using an LSD with a 5% level of significance. Both the growth regulator (Atonik) and Nano-Zinc fertilizer were applied in three replicates at four different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L-1) each. An increase in plant height, number of branches, and leaf area was seen after spraying with the growth regulator at the level (75 mg L-1). With averages of (98.4 cm, 6.1 branch, 2157.7 cm2, 101.3 gm, 53.7 spad, 1.85%, 0.61%, and 2.01%) for dry weight of the vegetative group, leaf chlorophyll content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. Nano-Zinc sprayed at a dosage of 6 gm L-1 resulted in significant increases in all of the aforementioned metrics compared to the control treatment, with average increases of 94.8 cm, 6.0 branches, 2049.8 square centimeters, 100.5 grams, 52.3 spads, 1.78%, 0.59%, and 1.88 percent. By assigning the highest possible values to the interaction spraying treatment (75 mg L-1 + 6 gm L-1), it was shown that this treatment excelled over other interaction treatments.
Effect of Diet Type Using Whole or Crushed Grains on Productive Performance in Awassi Lambs and Rumen Fluid Characteristics
Authors: Hamid Humam Ali , Adhab Ahmed Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out with the aim of knowing the effect of the type of diet using whole or crushed grains on the productive performance of Awassi lambs and the characteristics of rumen fluid.1/8 / 2021 for two periods, 18 male Awassi lambs, 4-6 months old, with an initial weight of 25 ± 10 were used in this experiment. It was divided into three groups, with six animals per group, and the first treatment (T1) was given concentrated feed by 2.5% of the animal’s weight in the form of whole grains and hay to saturation, and the second treatment (T2) used concentrated feed by 2.5% of the weight of the organism in the form of 50% Whole grains and 50% crushed grains and hay to saturation. The third treatment used concentrated feed 2.5% of the animal’s weight, crushed grains with hay to saturation. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p≤0.05) for the grain size provided in the coarse fodder consumption characteristic, as the first treatment that was fed whole grains was superior to the other treatments. There was a significant (p≤0.05) superiority of the periods on the daily and total weight gain, as the first period was superior to the second period. There was also a significant difference for the volume of grain provided on the daily weight gain, where the first treatment, which consisted of whole grains, was superior to the third treatment. Total weight gain, the first and second treatments were superior to the third treatment. There was a significant superiority (p≤0.05) for the interaction between the period and the grain size provided, as the interaction between the first period, the first feeding, and the second feeding was superior to the third feeding in terms of total weight gain. As for the level of the second period, a significant difference (P≤0.05) was found for the overlap between the second period and the first treatment in terms of daily and total weight gain over the third treatment. As for the level of overlap between feeding and periods, there was a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for the overlap between the period and the period. The first and the type of feeding in the daily weight gain and the total increase over the overlap between the second period and the type of feeding. There was a significant effect (p≤0.05) of the grain size provided on the rumen acidity (PH), where the first treatment was superior to the other treatments.
Effect of Chromium Treatment on Growth and Some Blood Parameters of Local Lambs in Hot Climates
Authors: Ahmed Bilal Sabah , Rahman Emad Ghayeb Abdel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the animal field of the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit for the period from 7/6/2022 until 7/9/2022. by (93) days, preceded by an introductory period for a period of (13) days to study the effect of chromium treatment on productive traits represented in growth (weight gain) and some blood parameters and biochemistry and the concentration of some hormones. (15) Awassi lambs were used in this experiment, their ages ranged between 4-5 a month and with an average initial weight of 22.6 + 0.9 kg, the experimental treatments were divided into three treatments distributed randomly. on three transactions. The first transaction is the control and treatment the second is addition chrome on Chromium Yeast form at 0,5 mg / day / lamb and the third transaction is addition of Chromium 1 mg / day / lamb, five lambs for every transaction. The results indicated that there is Significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) between treatments in the rate of daily weight gain of lambs, as the third treatment (1 mg chromium / lamb / day) excelled compared to the first treatment (control) that was free of additives, and the second treatment contained (0.5 mg / lamb / day). These results were reflected in the total weight gain of the lambs, as the third treatment (1 mg chromium /day/lamb) was significantly superior (P ≤ 0.05) at a rate of (16.35) kg compared to the first treatment. (control) (9.85) kg and the second (0.5 mg / day / lamb) (10.92) kg. The results also showed that there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) superiority of the third treatment (1 mg chromium / day / lamb) in the efficiency of feed conversion at a rate of (5.53 fodder/kg meat) Compared to the second and third treatments (7.68 and 9.64 feed/kg meat), respectively, It was also seen there are no differences between the treatments in the daily feed consumption rate. With regard to the results of blood biochemical characteristics (glucose, cholesterol, total protein) at the end of the experiment, there was a significant increase in glucose, as the third treatment recorded a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in its concentration compared to the second and first treatment, while the hormone thyroxine was recorded. T4 significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) for the third treatment (1 mg chromium / day / lamb) at a rate of 8.202 nano moles / liter Compared to the first and second treatment (0.5 cholesterol / lamb / day) at a rate of 4.165 and 6.360 nano moles / liter respectively, In general the study showed that the addition of chromium to the diet led to an improvement in the weight of the lambs, achieving a significant weight gain and improving the efficiency of feed conversion in the Awassi lambs.
Employing Response Surface Methodology for Investigating the Impact of Nigella sativa L. Oil on Physicochemical and Organoleptic Changes of Gouda Cheese upon Accelerated Storage
Authors: Alhelli Amaal Mohammed , Mohammed Nameer Khairallah , AlIbady Qater Al-Nada Ali Kanaem 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary goal of many producers was to preserve the quality of Gouda during maturation storage. The concentration of Nigella sativa L. oil and ripening time were two main variables in the present research that were improved using the Response Surface approach (RSM). The optimal conditions for ripening Gouda cheese were 0.29 (v/v) SFNSO concentration and 2.8 months at 14°C. It was determined that the RSM models were the best methodology for maintaining the selected Gouda cheese. The optimal Gouda cheeses: pH, fat content, moisture content, total protein, water activity (aw), ADV, and overall acceptability were found to be 5.9, 30.67%, 38%, 23.8%, 0.9131, 4.3, and 8.4, respectively. Additionally, there was a sizable overlap between the experimental and anticipated outcomes, which supported the accuracy and dependability of the proposed approach. The use of supercritical fluid Nigella sativa L. oil SFNSO on Gouda cheese improved and sustained the stability of Gouda cheese over storage time while higher black cumin concentrations had a negative effect on the sensory properties, resulting in dark appearance and bitter taste. Finally, it is necessary to produce excellent Gouda cheese on a practical scale under ideal RSM conditions.
Studying the Physiochemical, Sensory and Microbiological Properties of Yoghurt Which are Fortified by Encapsulated Folic Acid
Authors: Khalil Amna Hameed , Lafta Shaymaa Saady 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of fortification with free and unencapsulated folic acid on the physical, rheological, sensory and microbiological properties of functional yoghurt by fortifying yoghurt with a concentration of 7.5 mg / 100 ml of free folic acid represented by treatment 1 and 7.5 mg / 100 ml encapsulated folic acid as Treatment 2hyd, and the control treatment in which yoghurt was made from milk not fortified with folic acid. In addition to the sensory evaluation immediately after manufacturing and when stored at 5°C for a period of 21 days, the results showed that there were no significant differences in the values of pH and total acidity. Also, Yoghurt fortified with encapsulated folic acid stimulated the growth of starter bacteria, which are beneficial to the human body. The encapsulated folic acid treatment was characterized by an improvement Sensory properties of yoghurt.
The Impact of Varying the Amount of Octacosanol Added to Laying Hens’ Productive Performance and Various Oxidative Tests with and Without Vitamin E
Authors: Shukur Karmen M. , Taha Ahmed T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A total of 120 laying hens were employed in this investigation, with 20 hens per treatment and 10 repetitions (2 hens each replicate). The experimental treatments included the following: T1: Control group, which received a basil diet without the addition; T2: 20 milligrams of vitamin E per kilogram of feed; T3: 20 milligrams of octacosanol per kilogram of feed; T4: 40 milligrams of octacosanol per kilogram of feed; T5: 20 milligrams/Kg (mixed octacosanol + vitamin E). The findings indicate that the treatments including the addition of octacosanol significantly increased the percentage of eggs produced, improved feed conversion ratio, and increased the eggs mass. Compared to the first, second, and third treatments, the MDA concentration significantly decreasing during the fourth, fifth, and sixth treatments. There were no significantly variations in glutathione levels. The concentration of the GOT enzyme also decreased significantly across all treatments as compared to the control group. When compared to the control treatment, the third treatment significantly improved the concentration of the GPT enzyme. Estrogen levels were not significantly affected by any of the treatments.