bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in vitro effect of Viscum album (VA) extract on DNA repair of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in cancer patients
Authors: Kovacs Eva 
Published: August 2002

AbstractViscum album (VA) extract as an immunomodulator was tested in an in vitro model to investigate DNA repair in damaged peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of ten breast cancer patients. The cells were exposed by gamma rays or 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide (4‐HCy). Two hours after exposure the following were measured, without or with VA extract (1) DNA repair using the alkaline sucrose gradient for the sedimentation of DNA strand breaks, (2) DNA‐gamma‐production in the supernatant of the cultured cells. The VA extract led to an improvement of DNA repair in gamma‐ray or 4‐HCy damaged PBMC and to a significant increase of the IFN‐gamma‐production both in undamaged and in damaged cells.The results indicate that the VA extract affects positively DNA repair in PBMC damaged by two different agents and suggest that an increased IFN‐gamma‐production may play an important role in the DNA repair process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipruritic and antidermatitic effect of extract and compounds of Impatiens balsamina L. in atopic dermatitis model NC mice
Authors: Oku Hisae , Ishiguro Kyoko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the effects of a 35% ethanol extract (IB) from the petals of Impatiens balsamina L. and the principal active compounds from IB on chronic and serious pruritus and the development of dermatitis using NC mice, a model of atopic dermatitis. IB at 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited serious scratching behaviour in the NC mouse with established dermatitis when administered i.v. 1 h before, or p.o. 24 h before the measurement. A 10 μg/kg dose of kaempferol 3‐rutinoside and 2‐hydroxy‐1, 4‐naphthoquinone (lawsone) isolated from IB also inhibited scratching behaviour in the NC mouse with established dermatitis. When 4‐week‐old NC mice with no symptoms were administered orally 100 mg/kg/day of IB until 13 weeks of age, protection was also noted against scratching behaviour during the development of dermatitis. IB was effective for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the potency activity of aphrodisiac in Eurycoma longifolia Jack
Authors: Ang H. H. , Ikeda S. , Gan E. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe butanol, methanol, water and chloroform extracts of the roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied using various tests of potency of treated male rats. The results showed that E. longifolia produced a dose‐dependent, recurrent and significant increase in the episodes of penile reflexes as evidenced by increases in quick flips, long flips and erections of the treated male rats during the 30 min observation period. These results provide further evidence that E. longifolia increases the aphrodisiac potency activity in treated animals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Rosa canina fruit extract on neutrophil respiratory burst
Authors: Daels‐Rakotoarison D. A. , Gressier B. , Trotin F. , Brunet C. , Luyckx M. , Dine T. , Bailleul F. , Cazin M. , Cazin J‐C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRespiratory burst leads polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions (O2 °−), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which may possess deleterious effects for the organism. Rosa canina fruits are well known to contain a large amount of vitamin C which is antioxidant. This study was focused on the polyphenolics contained in rose hips to evaluate their antioxidative properties.
We prepared a rose hip extract deprived of vitamin C. The extract contained mainly phenolics such as proanthocyanidins and flavonoids. We investigated its effects directly against O2 °−, HOCl and H2O2 and investigated its effects on isolated PMN. For that, in vitro inflammatory conditions were reproduced by stimulating PMN with stimuli having different transductional pathways, in order to determine a possible mechanism of action.
The results showed that the extract can inhibit ROS tested in acellular and cellular systems. The IC50 obtained were 5.73 mg/L, 1.33 mg/L and 2.34 mg/L respectively for O2 °−, HOCl and H2O2 in acellular experiments. For cellular experiments, the IC50 were quite similar. Thus, the extract did not present an effect on PMN metabolism. Therefore, the antioxidative effects of Rosa canina are due not only to vitamin C but also to polyphenolics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐going solutions to environmental issues in plastic packaging
Authors: Katsura Tadahiko , Sasaki Haruo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, the consumption of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resins as packaging materials has been declining in the face of various environmental problems they pose. To replace PVC containers, the use of PET bottles and A‐PET containers is on the increase, but PVDC resins are still in wide use as gas‐barrier materials. For gas‐barrier purposes, however, ethylene vinyl alcohol co‐polymer (EVOH) films, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐coated polypropylene films, and MX nylon or silica‐ or alumina‐coated PET films are becoming mainstream. The weight reduction of plastic bottles is considered to play an important role in tackling the waste disposal problem. Recently, a new type of stretch‐blow moulding system has been developed, which is effective in reducing the weight of PET bottles. This system is called COSMOS (complete stretch‐blow moulding system) or the two‐blow system. COSMOS PET bottles are now used to hold carbonated drinks containing fruit juice or lactic acid. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation effects of zinc on the formation of vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor α‐DNA transcription complexes: analysis by microelectrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Craig Theodore A. , Benson Linda M. , Naylor Stephen , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds zinc, and the activity of vitamin D dependent genes in cells is influenced by intracellular zinc concentrations. To determine whether zinc influences vitamin D action in cells by modulating the formation of VDR and retinoid x receptor α (RXRα) heterodimer‐DNA complexes, we used microelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (µESI‐MS) to assess receptor‐DNA interactions in the presence of varying amounts of zinc. In the absence of DNA, VDR and RXRα proteins were primarily monomeric with small amounts of protein homodimers also observed. Zn2+ (up to 300 µM) did not change VDR or RXRα monomer/homodimer ratios. Mass spectra of VDR combined with RXRα were a sum of individual protein spectral data. Zn2+ had no effect on the interactions of receptors. With increasing amounts of Zn2+, additional Zn2+ ions were detected bound to VDR and RXRα. µESI‐MS analyses of RXRα in the presence of an osteopontin vitamin D DNA response element (OP‐VDRE) showed RXRα homodimer/OP‐VDRE complexes. DNA‐protein complex formation increased on addition of Zn2+ up to 200 µM; at 300 µM, Zn2+ dissociation of the RXRα homodimer/OP‐VDRE complexes occurred, coincident with the appearance of RXRα monomeric protein. When µESI‐MS analyses were carried out with VDR and OP‐VDRE, VDR homodimer/OP‐VDRE complexes were not detected. Addition of Zn2+ did not result in VDR/OP‐VDRE complex formation. Heterodimeric VDR/RXRα complexes with OP‐VDRE were detected by µESI‐MS. Addition of 300 µM Zn2+ resulted in dissociation of the heterodimeric VDR/RXRα/OP‐VDRE complex. Addition of Mg2+ in place of Zn2+ did not alter protein/OP‐VDRE complexes. Our results show that zinc modulates steroid hormone receptor‐DNA interactions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of on‐line hydrogen/deuterium exchange to facilitate metabolite identification
Authors: Liu David Q. , Hop Cornelis E.C.A. , Beconi María G. , Mao Ann , Chiu Shuet‐Hing Lee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn Erratum for this article has been published in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 17(3) 2003, 264Biotransformation studies performed on an investigational compound (I, represented by R1‐CH(NH2)‐CO‐N(R2)‐CH2‐S‐R3) led to the identification of five metabolites (M1–M5). Based on LC/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) analysis which included the use of H2O and D2O in the mobile phases, they were identified as the sulfoxide (M1), sulfone (M2), carbamoyl glucuronide (M3), N‐glucuronide (M4), and N‐glucoside (M5) metabolites, respectively. The structure of M3, a less commonly seen carbamoyl glucuronide metabolite, was established using on‐line H/D (hydrogen/deuterium) exchange experiments conducted by LC/MS. H/D exchange experiments were also used to distinguish the S‐oxidation structures of M1 and M2 from hydroxylation. Herein, the application of deuterium oxide as the LC/MS mobile phase for structural elucidation of drug metabolites in biological matrices is demonstrated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of phenoxyacid herbicides and their phenolic metabolites in surface and drinking water
Authors: Marchese Stefano , Perret Daniela , Gentili Alessandra , D'Ascenzo Guiseppe , Faberi Angelo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn evaluation was made of the feasibility of using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray interface (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) to measure traces of phenoxyacid herbicides and their metabolites in surface and drinking water samples. The procedure involved passing 0.5 L of river and drinking water samples through a 0.5 g graphitized carbon black (GCB) extraction cartridge. Recovery was higher than 85% irrespective of the aqueous matrix in which the analytes were dissolved. A conventional 4.6‐mm i.d. reversed‐phase LC C‐18 column operating with a mobile phase flow rate of 1 mL/min was used to chromatograph the analytes. A flow of 200 µL/min of the column effluent was diverted to the ESI source. The limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) of the method for the pesticides considered in drinking and surface water samples are less than 0.1 ng/L for phenoxyacid herbicides, and about 5–10 ng/L for their metabolites (2,4‐dichlorophenol and 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenol). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of human antiviral CD8+ lymphocytes using class I peptide tetramers
Authors: Lechner Franziska , Vargas Cuero Ana L. , Kantzanou Maria , Klenerman Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between a host and a pathogen relies crucially on quantitative measurements of immune reponses. Until recently, measurements of the levels of cellular immune responses, i.e. those mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes have depended largely on culture in vitro and subsequent measurement of specific functions (such as cytolysis). More recently, new technologies based around tetrameric class I peptide complexes (tetramers) have allowed immunologists to measure CD8+ T lymphocyte levels directly ex vivo and independently of function. Since CD8+ lymphocytes play a key role in a number of important human viral infections, these tools have yielded useful insights into the dynamics, phenotype and function of human antiviral lymphocyte populations. In this review we describe some of the basic aspects of the biology of virus‐specific CD8+ lymphocytes, and the current methods available to detect them. The use of tetramers has, in just four years, transformed our understanding of the immune responses against HIV, HTLV‐1, HBV, HCV, CMV and EBV, and holds promise in a number of areas where quantative analysis of the antiviral reponse in terms of both number and function is critical. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust dynamic ship positioning control system design and applications
Authors: Katebi M. R. , Yamamoto Ikuo , Matsuura Masami , Grimble M. J. , Hirayama Hiroaki , Okamoto Norihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the robust control system design for a ship dynamic positioning system. The control design is based on an approximate linear model derived from the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations governing the horizontal motions of the ship. The nonlinear models of the ship, seawaves, current, wind and thrusters are derived and simulated for control design verification. The H∞ control design technique is employed to design the controller. The control problem is formulated in state‐space form and the design specifications are translated into requirements on the weighting functions of the error signal and the thrusters input. A tuning procedure is proposed based on the wind and wave disturbances. The controller is initially tested on the nonlinear ship model and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the H∞ controller. Tank tests results are then presented to assess the controller performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QFT application for headphone's active noise cancellation
Authors: Yaniv O. , Fried O. , Furst‐Yust M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA quantitative feedback theory design for attenuation of acoustic noise in earphones and headphones is described. Identification including uncertainty is measured for several ears and device location in the ear neighbourhood. Theoretical limitations are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mental, physical, and mathematical models in the teaching and learning of physics
Authors: Greca Ileana María , Moreira Marco Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we initially discuss the relationships among physical, mathematical, and mental models in the process of constructing and understanding physical theories. We adopt the assumption that comprehension in a particular field of physics is attained when it is possible to predict a physical phenomenon from its physical models without having to previously refer to the mathematical formalism. The physical models constitute the semantic structure of a physical theory and determine the way the classes of phenomena linked to them should be “perceived.” Within this framework, the first step in order to understand a phenomenon or a process in physics is to construct mental models that will allow the individual to understand the statements that compose the semantic structure of the theory, being necessary, at the same time, to modify the way of perceiving the phenomena by constructing mental models that will permit him to evaluate as true or false the descriptions the theory makes of them. When this double process is attained concerning a particular phenomenon, in such a way that the “results” of the constructed mental models (predictions and explanations) match those scientifically accepted, one can say that the individual has constructed an adequate mental model of the physical model of the theory. Then, in the light of this discussion, we attempt to interpret the research findings we have obtained so far with college students, regarding mental models and physics education under the framework of Johnson‐Laird's mental model theory. The difficulties faced by the students to achieve the understanding of physical theories did not seem to be all of the same level: some are linked to the constraints imposed to the construction of mental models by students' previous knowledge and others, linked to the ways individuals perceive the world, seem to be much more problematic. We argue that teaching should focus on them, at least at introductory level, considering the explicit teaching of the modelling process or at least its systematic practice as a tool that might be appropriate to facilitate this process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 86:106–121, 2001.
Refractory ceramic coatings: processes, systems and wettability/adhesion
Authors: Dahotre Narendra B. , Kadolkar Puja , Shah Swapnil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRefractory materials such as ceramics and refractory metals/alloys are widely used for structural applications in severe environments where more efficient use of energy is a prime need. Owing to properties such as high strength and refractoriness, low thermal expansion and electric conductivity these materials may be used as turbocharger rotors, valves, valve seats and turbocharger turbine wheels in gas turbine engines, tubes in industrial heat exchangers, fuel elements in nuclear reactors, fusion reactor wall material, tool materials in machining and casting and as electronic packaging. In these applications, however, these materials often experience extreme mechanical, thermal and chemical loading conditions and are expected to perform effectively beyond existing limits. The existing limits of performance for these materials can be extended only via coating technology, which presently appears to be the most suitable technical and economic approach. Thus there remains a critical need to develop a suitable and reliable refractory coating system and coating technique.In view of the above requirements, the present paper embarks on a brief review of refractory coatings. The review begins with a set of criteria required for an effective refractory coating. The criteria include general thermophysical and mechanical properties for the refractory coating only and properties of the coating–substrate as a system. The review continues with a section on methods of coating. The classification of methods of coating is based on categories such as gaseous, solution, molten/semi‐molten and solid state processes. Each category is explained with conventional and novel techniques and coatings that can be synthesized using these techniques. These categories are supplemented also with examples of applications. A major emphasis has been put on refractory materials in the following section on coating material systems. The most important materials systems have been grouped as oxides and nitrides, carbides, borides, silicides and aluminides. The general properties that make them useful as refractory coatings, along with specific materials and applications, have been reviewed. Wettability and adhesion between coating and substrate are very important for the coating–substrate system to perform effectively and reliably. The last section discusses the fundamentals of wettability and work of adhesion, based on which wetting in metal–metal, metal oxide, metal–carbon/carbide systems has been discussed. Finally, the review sets the motion of thoughts with a description on future developments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demand–control–support among female and male managers in eight Swedish companies
Authors: Bernin Peggy , Theorell Töres 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis work is part of the Swedish project ‘Managers and Stress’. In the report the Swedish version of the Demand–Decision Latitude model was used, which made it possible to compare data with an earlier population study. A total of 179 male and 56 female managers were included. The demands and decision latitude scores were significantly higher than in the population study. Social support buffers high demands but surprisingly the managers did not report higher support than the participants in the population. Psychological demands and skill discretion differed significantly between companies. The hypotheses that psychological demands and decision latitude differ between female and male managers had to be rejected. The period of extensive changes which has taken place in working‐life, especially in the government sector, probably influenced the results. The results did not indicate higher stress in those managers working in the companies that were the most extensive ‘downsizers’. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of computerized tomography in the staging of gastrointestinal neoplasms
Authors: Angelelli Giuseppe , Ianora Amato A. Stabile , Scardapane Arnaldo , Pedote Pasquale , Memeo Maurizio , Rotondo Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGastrointestinal neoplasms are very common diseases, and the first challenge for clinicians is to define the extent of the tumor in order to plan the best treatment. The role of computerized tomography in assessing this kind of patient is well established worldwide. This article reviews the capabilities and the limits of this imaging technique in the staging of the tumors of the digestive tract (liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and colon). Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:109–121, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analyses of [18F]altanserin bolus injection PET data. I: Consideration of radiolabeled metabolites in baboons
Authors: Price Julie C. , Lopresti Brian J. , Mason Neale S. , Holt Daniel P. , Huang Y. , Mathis Chester A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) has been used to study serotonin 2A (5‐HT2A) receptor binding in human brain using the 5‐HT2A antagonist, [18F]altanserin. Previous analyses of bolus injection [18F]altanserin data provided 5‐HT2A specific binding measures that were highly correlated with the in vitro distribution of 5‐HT2A receptors and reflected decreased binding after ketanserin (5‐HT2A antagonist) administration. These observations were made in the presence of a nonspecific tissue component that was consistent with blood–brain barrier (BBB) passage of radiolabeled metabolites (radiometabolites). In this work, we evaluated the in vivo kinetics of [18F]altanserin and two major radiometabolites of [18F]altanserin, focusing on the kinetics of free and nonspecifically‐bound radioactivity. PET studies were performed in baboons after the bolus injection of [18F]altanserin or one of its major radiometabolites, either [18F]altanserinol or [18F]4‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)piperidine, at baseline and after pharmacologic receptor blockade (blocking data). The cerebellar and blocking data were analyzed using either single (parent radiotracer) or dual (parent radiotracer and radiometabolites) input function methods. After bolus injection of either [18F]altanserin metabolite, radioactivity crossed the BBB and localized nonspecifically. The radio‐ metabolites were found to contribute to nonspecific “background” radioactivity that was similar in receptor‐poor and receptor‐rich regions. After bolus injection in baboons, two of the major radiometabolites of [18F]altanserin crossed the BBB and contributed to a fairly uniform background of nonspecific radioactivity. This uniformity suggests that conventional analyses are appropriate for human bolus injection [18F]altanserin PET data, although these methods may overestimate [18F]altanserin nonspecific binding. Synapse 41:1–10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.