bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating an enhanced thermal response test (ETRT) with high groundwater flow
Authors: Albers Anna , Steger Hagen , Zorn Roman , Blum Philipp 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnhanced thermal response tests (ETRT) enable the evaluation of depth-specific effective thermal conductivities. Groundwater flow can significantly influence the interpretation of ETRT results. Hence, this study aims to critically evaluate an ETRT with high groundwater flow (> 0.2 m d−1). Different approaches in determining the specific heat load of an ETRT are compared. The results show that assuming constant electrical resistance of the heating cable with time can account for an inaccuracy of 12% in the determination of effective thermal conductivities. Adjusting the specific heat loads along the borehole heat exchanger (BHE) depth, the specific heat loads vary within 3%. Applying the infinite line source model (ILS) and Péclet number analysis, a depth–average hydraulic conductivity is estimated to be 3.1 × 10–3 m s−1, thereby, confirming the results of a pumping test of a previous study. For high Darcy velocities (> 0.6 m d−1), the uncertainty is higher due to experimental limitations in ensuring a sufficient temperature increase for the evaluation (ΔT > 0.6 K). In these depths, the convergence criterion of Δλeff/λeff < 0.05/20 h for the ILS sequential forward evaluation cannot be achieved. Thus, it can be concluded that time-averaging of the heat load by monitoring voltage and current during ETRT is essential. Therefore, the specific heat load adjustment along the heating cable is recommended. To improve the estimation of depth-specific effective conductivities with high groundwater flow and to reduce the sensitivity towards temperature fluctuations (ΔT ~ 0.1 K), measures for applying higher specific heat loads during the ETRT are essential, such as actions against overheating of the cable outside the BHE.
Harnessing the potential of pigeonpea and maize feedstock biochar for carbon sequestration, energy generation, and environmental sustainability
Authors: Kumar Nallagatla Vinod , Sawargaonkar Gajanan , Rani C. Sudha , Pasumarthi Rajesh , Kale Santhosh , Prakash T. Ram , Triveni S. , Singh Ajay , Davala Moses Shyam , Khopade Rohan , Karthik Rayapati , Venkatesh Bathula , Chandra Mandapelli Sharath 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrop residues in agriculture pose disposal challenges and contribute to air pollution when burned. This study aims to use pigeonpea and maize stalks to produce biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures. Biochar can serve in carbon sequestration, as a soil amendment, and as an alternative fuel source. Pyrolysis was conducted at 400, 500, and 600 °C to examine the effects on physicochemical properties, fuel, and energy related properties. Increase in temperatures resulted in decrease of biochar yield, volatile matter, and O/C and H/C atomic ratios, while ash content and essential nutrients increased. Yield was observed to be higher in pigeonpea stalks derived biochar compared to maize stalks derived biochar at same pyrolysis temperatures. The yields of pigeonpea stalks derived biochar at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C are 34, 33 and 29%, respectively, and the yields of maize biomass-derived biochar at 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C are 29, 28, and 26%, respectively. The organic carbon content is found to be higher in the biochar samples prepared at 600 °C, i.e., 10.44%, and 10.39% for pigeonpea and maize-derived biochar, respectively. The essential elements of biochar were increased with an increase in pyrolysis temperature except nitrogen which is conversely related to temperature. The biochar obtained through pyrolysis at 400 °C demonstrated superior characteristics compared to biochar produced at other temperatures. It exhibited a higher biochar yield, with approximately 84.60% for pigeonpea and 64.85% for maize fixed carbon content. Additionally, the energy retention efficiency was higher, reaching 67.33% for pigeonpea and 42.70% for maize-derived biochar at a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C. The fixed carbon recovery efficiency was also notable at around 200.44% for PPS and 142.37% for maize biochar which is higher compared to biochar produced at other temperatures. Furthermore, the higher heating value (HHV) was approximately 30.75 MJ kg−1 for both the biochars, indicating their suitability as alternative solid fuels. A significant CO2 reduction potential of 84 CO2 eq kg−1 and 55 CO2 eq kg−1 was observed for pigeonpea and maize biochar, respectively. Hence, biochar is a promising and effective option for carbon sequestration, offering environmental benefits.
Graphical Abstract
Keratoconus cone location influences ocular biomechanical parameters measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer
Authors: Yuhas Phillip T. , Fortman Maddison M. , Mahmoud Ashraf M. , Roberts Cynthia J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundKeratoconus is characterized by asymmetry in the biomechanical properties of the cornea, with focal weakness in the area of cone formation. We tested the hypothesis that centrally-measured biomechanical parameters differ between corneas with peripheral cones and corneas with central cones.MethodsFifty participants with keratoconus were prospectively recruited. The mean ± standard deviation age was 38 ± 13 years. Axial and tangential corneal topography were analyzed in both eyes, if eligible. Cones in the central 3 mm of the cornea were considered central, and cones outside the central 3 mm were considered peripheral. Each eye was then measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) tonometer. T-tests compared differences in ORA-generated waveform parameters between cohorts.ResultsSeventy-eight eyes were analyzed. According to the axial topography maps, 37 eyes had central cones and 41 eyes had peripheral cones. According to the tangential topography maps, 53 eyes had central cones, and 25 eyes had peripheral cones. For the axial-topography algorithm, wave score (WS) was significantly higher in peripheral cones than central cones (inter-cohort difference = 1.27 ± 1.87). Peripheral cones had a significantly higher area of first peak, p1area (1047 ± 1346), area of second peak, p2area (1130 ± 1478), height of first peak, h1 (102 ± 147), and height of second peak, h2 (102 ± 127), than central cones. Corneal hysteresis (CH), width of the first peak, w1, and width of the second peak, w2, did not significantly differ between cohorts. There were similar results for the tangential-topography algorithm, with a significant difference between the cohorts for p1area (855 ± 1389), p2area (860 ± 1531), h1 (81.7 ± 151), and h2 (92.1 ± 131).ConclusionsCone location affects the biomechanical response parameters measured under central loading of the cornea. The ORA delivers its air puff to the central cornea, so the fact that h1 and h2 and that p1area and p2area were smaller in the central cone cohort than in the peripheral cone cohort suggests that corneas with central cones are softer or more compliant centrally than corneas with peripheral cones, which is consistent with the location of the pathology. This result is evidence that corneal weakening in keratoconus is focal in nature and is consistent with localized disruption of lamellar orientation.
Genome sequencing and molecular networking analysis of the wild fungus Anthostomella pinea reveal its ability to produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites
Authors: Iacovelli R. , He T. , Allen J. L. , Hackl T. , Haslinger K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Filamentous fungi are prolific producers of bioactive molecules and enzymes with important applications in industry. Yet, the vast majority of fungal species remain undiscovered or uncharacterized. Here we focus our attention to a wild fungal isolate that we identified as Anthostomella pinea. The fungus belongs to a complex polyphyletic genus in the family of Xylariaceae, which is known to comprise endophytic and pathogenic fungi that produce a plethora of interesting secondary metabolites. Despite that, Anthostomella is largely understudied and only two species have been fully sequenced and characterized at a genomic level.

Results
In this work, we used long-read sequencing to obtain the complete 53.7 Mb genome sequence including the full mitochondrial DNA. We performed extensive structural and functional annotation of coding sequences, including genes encoding enzymes with potential applications in biotechnology. Among others, we found that the genome of A. pinea encodes 91 biosynthetic gene clusters, more than 600 CAZymes, and 164 P450s. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking analysis of the cultivation extracts revealed a rich secondary metabolism, and in particular an abundance of sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones. We also identified the polyketide antibiotic xanthoepocin, to which we attribute the anti–Gram-positive effect of the extracts that we observed in antibacterial plate assays.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results provide a first glimpse into the potential of Anthstomella pinea to provide new bioactive molecules and biocatalysts and will facilitate future research into these valuable metabolites.
Recommendations for successful involvement of patient partners in complex intervention research: a collaborative learning process
Authors: Skovlund Pernille Christiansen , Finderup Jeanette , Aabo Sanne , Jensen Flemming , Søndergaard Henning , Rodkjær Lotte Ørneborg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient and public involvement in health-related research is a new discipline in Denmark. In 2021, a national conference titled 'Patient and Public Involvement in Complex Intervention Research' provided a forum for discussion between patient partners, researchers and clinicians on involving patients as partners in complex intervention research.

Methods
We aimed to describe specific challenges to and initiatives for patient partner involvement in order to develop recommendations for creating successful partnerships in complex intervention research. Through a collaborative learning process, 140 researchers identified the most important challenges for them in patient partner involvement and potential initiatives to improve such involvement. At a subsequent workshop, four patient partners identified the challenges and initiatives from their perspective as patient partners. They also gave feedback on the challenges and initiatives suggested by the researchers and helped shape three recommendations for practice. Three of the patient partners were involved in writing this paper.

Results
The five most important challenges identified by researchers were time, recruitment, ethics, power and inequality. Between four and seven initiatives to overcome these challenges were suggested. The three most important challenges identified by patient partners were communication, when you get information that is hard to handle and recruitment. They suggested three to four initiatives for improvement. Patient partners confirmed the importance of all the researcher identified challenges when presented with them, they also provided additional comments on the researchers’ initiatives. This led to the formation of recommendations for involving patient partners.

Conclusions
A collaborative learning process was shown to be a suitable method for patient partner involvement. Consistency was seen between the challenges and initiatives identified by researchers and patient partners. Based on these observations, three recommendations were developed: (1) create specific programmes that aim to involve all kind of patients (including but limited to vulnerable patients) as patient partners, (2) produce ethical guidelines for the involvement of patient partners, and (3) develop a national strategy for patient partner involvement. To build on these recommendations, a joint workshop with both researchers and patient partners is needed.
Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus is the major factor determining the variations of adjacent vital structures
Authors: Şimşek Sadullah , İşlek Akif 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Sphenoid sinus (SS) is an important landmark for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESC) and endoscopic skull base surgery. This study examines the relation of the extent of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus with adjacent vital structures such as the internal carotid artery, optic canal, and Vidian nerve by using paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNSCT).

Methods
The study was designed retrospectively. PNSCT images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes on both sides (right, R; left, L) were examined for sphenoid sinus, Vidian canal (VC), optic canal (OC), and carotid canal (CC) bilaterally.

Results
The carotid canal did not show identification on the SS wall in females compared to males bilaterally (right, p= 0.002 and left, p= 0.002). The mean age was significantly higher in patients with a presellar type of sphenoid sinus (p=0.003). The mean age was significantly lower on the right side with a VC completely within the sphenoid sinus (p=0.005). The mean age of patients with an optic canal protrudation to the SS wall was significantly higher than patients with an optic canal indentation to the SS wall (p= 0.007). On the left side, cases with an optic canal protruding to the SS wall were older than cases with an optic canal indentation to the SS wall (p= 0.008). SS variations on the sagittal plane were significantly correlated with RVC, RCC, LVC, and LCC variations. Also, SS variations on the coronal plane were significantly related to types of LVC and RVC.

Conclusions
Pneumatization of SS significantly affects the development of surrounding vital structures, especially with increasing age.
Sociodemographic factors, parental mental health and movement behaviours in the early years: the SUNRISE Finland study protocol
Authors: Engberg Elina , Ojala Amanda , Paasio Hanna , Lahti Jari , Koski Pasi , Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri , Korpelainen Raija , Puhakka Soile , Okely Anthony , Roos Eva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the prevention of obesity in young children as one of its key priorities for the 21st century, and 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) play a key role in this priority. The SUNRISE Finland Study is part of the international SUNRISE Study, which examines the movement behaviours of young children in 64 low-, middle- and high-income countries. The SUNRISE Finland Study will investigate what proportion of 3- to 4-year-old children living in Finland meet the WHO global guidelines on 24-hour movement behaviours, and how that proportion and children’s motor and cognitive skills compare with children from other countries involved in the SUNRISE Study. We also aim to identify potential correlates of children’s movement behaviours, focusing on socioeconomic factors, residential environmental features, and parents’ mental health. In addition, this study will examine the associations between children’s movement behaviours, motor and cognitive skills, adiposity, and psychosocial wellbeing. Finally, we aim to establish a cohort of families who participate in the study and conduct follow-ups in the future.

Methods
We will recruit 1,000 children aged 3.0 to 4.9 years and their caregivers through early childhood education and care centres in Finland (50% in urban and 50% in rural areas). We will assess children’s 24-h movement behaviours using two accelerometers and a parental report. Children will perform validated tests to measure gross and fine motor skills and executive functions, and their height, weight and waist circumference will be measured. Caregivers will complete questionnaires regarding sociodemographic factors, nature visits, their own movement behaviours, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, nomophobia, social media self-control failure, and happiness, and child’s psychosocial wellbeing. Geographic Information System (GIS) will be used to examine residential environmental features.

Discussion
In addition to facilitating international comparisons on movement behaviours and motor and cognitive skills, the SUNRISE Finland Study will provide novel evidence on factors associated with movement behaviours in young children. The results of this study will help in planning actions to promote healthy levels of movement behaviours at an early age and equal opportunities for healthy development.

Clinical Trial Number
This is not a trial study.
Η ψυχοκοινωνική αποκατάσταση ατόμων με χρόνιες ψυχικές διαταραχές και ο ρόλος της Κοινωνικής Εργασίας
Authors: Δήμου Σοφία , Καριοφύλλη Χαρά , Παπαδημητροπούλου Παναγούλα , Βασιλόπουλος Στέφανος 
Published: January 2024

Εισαγωγή: Η ψυχοκοινωνική αποκατάσταση είναι μία διαδικασία που προσφέρει ευκαιρίες σε χρόνια ψυχικά ασθενείς ώστε να αποτελέσουν ανεξάρτητες οντότητες μέσα στην κοινότητα με ουσιώδη τον ρόλο του κοινωνικού λειτουργού στην αποκατάστασή τους.
Σκοπός: Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση των τρόπων που συμβάλλει η κοινωνική εργασία στην ψυχοκοινωνική αποκατάσταση ατόμων με χρόνιες ψυχικές διαταραχές.
Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Πραγματοποιήθηκε βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση στις ηλεκτρονικές βάσεις δεδομένων Pub Med, Google Scholar, SCOPUS και Science Direct (επιλεγμένα άρθρα δημοσιευμένα κατά κύριο λόγο την τελευταία πενταετία στην αγγλική γλώσσα).
Αποτελέσματα: Η κοινωνική εργασία κυρίως στοχεύει στη βελτίωση της λειτουργικότητας των ψυχικά ασθενών με την ενίσχυση των δεξιοτήτων και ανεύρεση υποστηρικτικών δικτύων, όπως η οικογένεια. Οι σημαντικότερες δυσκολίες που αντιμετωπίζουν οι χρόνια ψυχικά ασθενείς είναι η αδυναμία οικονομικής ανεξαρτησίας και αυτονομίας τους.
Συμπεράσματα: Απαιτείται συντονισμένη φροντίδα για την επίτευξη της ψυχοκοινωνικής αποκατάστασης των ατόμων με χρόνιες ψυχικές διαταραχές, στην οποία η κοινωνική εργασία κατέχει πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο.
Mode-insensitive and mode-selective optical switch based on asymmetric Y-junctions and MMI couplers
Authors: Sun Shijie , Yu Qidong , Che Yuanhua , Lian Tianhang , Xie Yuhang , Zhang Daming , Wang Xibin 
Published: January 2024

Driven by the large volume demands of data in transmission systems, the number of spatial modes supported by mode-division multiplexing (MDM) systems is being increased to take full advantage of the parallelism of the signals in different spatial modes. As a key element for photonic integrated circuits, the multimode waveguide optical switch (MWOS) is playing an important role for data exchange and signal switching. However, the function of the traditional MWOS is simple, which could only implement the mode-insensitive or mode-selective switching function; it is also difficult to scale to accommodate more spatial modes because of the limitation of the device structure. Therefore, it is still challenging to realize a multifunctional and scalable MWOS that could support multiple modes with low power consumption and high flexibility. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a multifunctional MWOS based on asymmetric Y-junctions and multimode interference (MMI) couplers fabricated on a polymer waveguide platform. Both mode-insensitive and mode-selective switching functions can be achieved via selectively heating different electrode heaters. The fabricated device with the total length of ∼0.8  cm shows an insertion loss of less than 12.1 dB, and an extinction ratio of larger than 8.4 dB with a power consumption of ∼32  mW for both mode-insensitive and mode-selective switching functions, at 1550 nm wavelength. The proposed MWOS can also be scaled to accommodate more spatial modes flexibly and easily, which can serve as an important building block for MDM systems.
Dissecting sexual minority subgroup differences in the association between depression, anxiety, and cognitive difficulties
Authors: Morgan Ethan , Dyar Christina , Rose Karen 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
A growing body of research has demonstrated extensive mental health disparities affecting sexual minority populations, yet little research has assessed how these disparities may affect cognitive functioning among subgroups of sexual minorities.

Methods
Data come from the 2021 National Health Information Survey (NHIS). Survey-weighted linear regression analyses were used to assess self-reported measures of cognition, stratified by subgroups sexual identity. In particular, we focused on the association between symptoms of depression or anxiety and each of the measures of cognition, adjusting for demographic covariates.

Results
Among 31,994 NHIS participants in the 2021 survey, 5,658 (17.7%) reported at least some difficulty in remembering or concentrating. Basic demographic differences existed when assessing any cognitive difficulty, particularly for bisexual participants (aOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 2.07, 3.60) and participants identifying as a different identity (aOR = 4.22; 95% CI: 2.72, 6.56). Depression was significantly associated with cognitive difficulty with the largest relationship observed among gay/lesbian participants (aOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.49). The association between anxiety and cognitive difficulty was smallest among bisexuals (aOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.18) and relatively consistent across other subgroups: heterosexuals (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.24), gay/lesbians (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.36), and those with a different identity (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35).

Conclusion
There is a clear set of health disparities between sexual minority subgroups and heterosexuals across all cognitive difficulties. Future research should focus on developing a better understanding of differences in cognition based on sexual minority status while also working to ascertain how disparities vary among sexual minorities.
Naldemedine is associated with earlier defecation in critically ill patients with opioid-induced constipation: A retrospective, single-center cohort study
Authors: Nishiyama Seiya , Uchino Shigehiko , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Masuyama Tomoyuki , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sanui Masamitsu 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
There are few reports describing the association of naldemedine with defecation in critically ill patients with opioid-induced constipation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether naldemedine is associated with earlier defecation in critically ill patients with opioid-induced constipation.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) without defecation for 48 hours while receiving opioids were eligible for enrollment. The primary endpoint was the time of the first defecation within 96 hours after inclusion. Secondary endpoints included presence of diarrhea, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality. The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with time-dependent covariates was used to evaluate the association naldemedine with earlier defecation.

Results
A total of 875 patients were enrolled and were divided into 63 patients treated with naldemedine and 812 patients not treated. Defecation was observed in 58.7% of the naldemedine group and 48.8% of the no-naldemedine group during the study (p = 0.150). The naldemedine group had statistically significantly prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation (8.7 days vs 5.5 days, p < 0.001) and ICU length of stay (11.8 days vs 9.2 days, p = 0.001) compared to the no-naldemedine group. However, the administration of naldemedine was significantly associated with earlier defecation [hazard ratio:2.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.71–3.75, p < 0.001].

Conclusion
The present study shows that naldemedine is associated with earlier defecation in critically ill patients with opioid-induced constipation.