bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movements of Fluvial Bonneville Cutthroat Trout in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho–Wyoming
Authors: Colyer Warren T. , Kershner Jeffrey L. , Hilderbrand Robert H. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The majority of interior subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii have been extirpated from large rivers by anthropogenic activities that have fragmented habitats and introduced nonnative competitors. Selective pressures against migratory behaviors and main-stem river occupation, coupled with conservation strategies that isolate genetically pure populations above barriers, have restricted gene flow and prevented expression of the fluvial life history in many populations. Existing knowledge about the movements and home range requirements of fluvial cutthroat trout is, therefore, limited. Our objectives in this study were to (1) determine the extent of seasonal home ranges and mobility of Bonneville cutthroat trout O. c. utah (BCT) in the Thomas Fork and main-stem Bear River and (2) evaluate the role of a water diversion structure functioning as a seasonal migration barrier to fish movement. We implanted 55 BCT in the Thomas Fork of the Bear River, Idaho, with radio transmitters and located them bimonthly in 1999–2000 and weekly in 2000–2001. We found fish to be more mobile than previously reported. Individuals above the diversion barrier occupied substantially larger home ranges than those below the barrier (analysis of variance: P = 0.0003; median = 2,225 m above barrier; median = 500 m below barrier) throughout our study, and they moved more frequently (mean, 0.89 movements/contact; range, 0.57–1.00) from October 2000 through March 2001 than fish below the barrier (mean, 0.45 movements/contact; range, 0.00–1.00). During the spring of both years, we located radio-tagged fish in both upstream and neighboring tributaries as far as 86 km away from our study site. Our results document the existence of a fluvial component of BCT in the Bear River and its tributaries and suggest that successful efforts at conservation of these fish must focus on main-stem habitats and the maintenance of seasonal migration corridors.
Winter Ice Processes and Pool Habitat Associated with Two Types of Constructed Instream Structures
Authors: Barrineau Christina E. , Hubert Wayne A. , Dey Paul D. , Annear Thomas C. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
There is little information on the winter features of salmonid habitats associated with constructed instream structures to provide guidance when planning habitat improvement projects. We assessed winter habitat features for trout of the genera Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus in pools associated with two types of instream structures constructed on a low-gradient reach of a mountain stream in western Wyoming with a mean wetted width of 6.4 m. Pool habitat was affected by temporal variability in ice formations from fall into winter. As surface ice and snow accumulated with the progression of winter, variation in ice formations was less frequent and winter habitat conditions became more stable. However, groundwater inflow that maintained water temperatures at 0.2–0.6°C in a portion of the study reach appeared to contribute to incomplete surface ice cover and variation in ice formations in pools through most of the winter. Hanging dams and anchor ice dams were the primary ice features that affected winter habitat in pools associated with constructed instream structures. Trout were observed in these pools in the fall but tended to abandon pools with variation in ice formations as winter progressed. The potential impacts of groundwater inflow and winter ice processes on trout habitat in pools associated with instream structures should be considered when planning habitat improvement projects.
Seasonal Response of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon to Experimental Hydropeaking Power Generation in Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Scruton D. A. , Pennell C. J. , Robertson M. J. , Ollerhead L. M. N. , Clarke K. D. , Alfredsen K. , Harby A. , McKinley R. S. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Variable hydropower production leads to hydropeaking, which causes discharge fluctuations that are potentially harmful to aquatic organisms. In this study, an experimental approach was used to investigate hydropeaking effects and associated hydraulic and habitat conditions on the home range and movement of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Prior studies examined the responses of Atlantic salmon and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to experimental hydropeaking during summer and autumn. The present study focused on Atlantic salmon, involved more rapid and extreme discharge manipulation, and included winter experiments to reflect influences of reduced temperature, ice conditions, and seasonal differences in behavior and habitat selection. Experiments were conducted over a range in discharge (0.5–5.0 m3/s) that resulted in dramatic habitat changes in the wide, shallow, boulder-strewn study reach. Experiments were repeated in summer and winter; however, the winter range in discharge was narrower due to constraints on water release. Fish response was monitored using manual telemetry in both seasons, and fixed telemetry was used to monitor fine-scale diel winter movements. Atlantic salmon had larger home ranges and were more mobile during all flow conditions and over diel cycles in summer than in winter, and there was anecdotal evidence of stranding in isolated pools in summer. Stream morphology, in addition to the magnitude of discharge change, was an important determinant of the propensity to move. In our study, there were considerable refugia from increased velocity and dewatering, which may have reduced the need to move. In winter, fish remained relatively sedentary in comparison with the summer foraging period, and this behavior may increase the likelihood for dewatering, stranding, and freezing. A secondary concern with hydropeaking regimes is the energetic cost to fish of moving to find suitable habitats, and during summer this cost could affect stored energy reserves, which could, in turn, affect overwinter survival.
A Comparison of Passive Gears for Selective Yellow Perch Harvest
Authors: Mangan Matthew T. , Brown Michael L. , St. Sauver Todd R. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The success of trap-and-transfer operations is influenced by the ability to quickly collect target fish and transport them to a recipient body of water. We compared catch rates of two gear types (modified fyke nets and cloverleaf traps with and without light attractants) to determine the most effective capture method for harvesting small yellow perch Perca flavescens (age &lt; 2) and reducing stress to transferred fish. Fyke nets captured more small yellow perch than cloverleaf traps; however, cloverleaf traps reduced the bycatch of black bullheads Ameiurus melas and large yellow perch (age &gt; 2) and required less effort to set and retrieve. Unlike fyke nets, cloverleaf traps can also be placed in offshore locations, thereby increasing the number of fishable areas. Light attractants (incandescent lights and cyalume glowsticks) increased the catch rates of yellow perch in cloverleaf traps set at night. Incandescent lights increased catch rates in fyke nets, but cyalume glowsticks were not effective. Cloverleaf traps and light attractants help to improve the success of yellow perch collection methods by increasing daily catch, reducing the effort associated with sorting out bycatch, and reducing stress to transferred fish.
Homogenization of Fall-Run Chinook Salmon Gene Pools in the Central Valley of California, USA
Authors: Williamson Kevin S. , May Bernie 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
We assessed the population genetic structure and temporal stability of genetic diversity from 1999 to 2001 in collections of fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in California's Central Valley. Tests for genotypic differentiation at seven microsatellite loci revealed few significant pairwise comparisons between samples from five hatchery populations and eight naturally spawning populations throughout the Central Valley that were separated by 50–350 km. All collections were genetically homogeneous and failed to cluster with their nearest geographic neighbors. Likewise, evaluation of temporal change in genetic diversity revealed few changes over the 3 years of the study. Our results suggest that fall-run Chinook salmon throughout the Central Valley comprise a genetically homogeneous population that has lower among-population genetic diversity than fall-run Chinook salmon populations examined elsewhere over similar geographic scales. The lack of genetic distinction and the lack of temporal differences in allele frequencies between hatchery and naturally spawning fish indicate that considerable gene flow occurs between fall-run Chinook salmon throughout the Central Valley. Due to the prevalence of off-site release of hatchery-reared juveniles and the history of interbasin hatchery transfers and stocking within the Central Valley, homogenization of Central Valley fall-run populations is most likely the result of hatchery practices for the past 140 years.
Factors That Limit Growth and Abundance of Rainbow Trout across Ecologically Distinct Areas of Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah–Wyoming
Authors: Haddix Tyler , Budy Phaedra 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss stocked into Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah– Wyoming, are thought to be in poor condition and to rarely overwinter. In 2001–2002, we evaluated factors that affect the growth and abundance of rainbow trout, both temporally and spatially, based on a series of field measurements and growth experiments. Based on our field measurements, the growth and condition of rainbow trout in Flaming Gorge Reservoir actually parallel those of rainbow trout of various strains in other systems, and some rainbow trout overwinter as many as 3 years in the reservoir. Overall, rainbow trout appear to be spatially limited by physical factors (e.g., temperature) during only a few isolated times of the year and not in all areas of the reservoir. Although zooplankton were abundant throughout the reservoir, primary and secondary production vary spatially with concordant effects on fish growth and condition. Diet analysis indicated that rainbow trout consume primarily aquatic macroinvertebrates along with some zooplankton and demonstrate an extremely limited switch to piscivory at larger sizes. Rainbow trout reared in net-pens and limited to a diet of zooplankton lost weight in all three areas of the reservoir. In addition, the reservoir supports a large population of trophy lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, which probably affects the abundance of rainbow trout directly through consumption and the growth potential of rainbow trout indirectly through risk-averse behavior. The combination of spatial variation in reservoir productivity and habitat type, differing stocking strategies, and behavioral responses caused by predators appears to determine the varying success of stocked rainbow trout in the different areas of the reservoir. Our study suggests that stocking strategies may be most effective when specific characteristics of the prey and predator base, the suitability of different habitats, and the genetic strain are explicitly evaluated within the context of the targeted angler population.
Low Summer Water Temperatures Influence Occurrence of Naturalized Salmonids across a Mountain Watershed
Authors: Mullner Scott A. , Hubert Wayne A. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
We investigated relationships between the absence of salmonids and low summer water temperatures across a 150-km2 Rocky Mountain watershed. A model predicting maximum July water temperature (MJT) from measurements of perennial stream length, wetted width, and midrange basin elevation was developed from temperature data obtained at 20 sites across the watershed. The model was used to predict MJT in 75 reaches across the watershed where salmonids were sampled. The lowest predicted MJT in reaches where age-0 and juvenile–adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were observed was 9°C. The lowest predicted MJT in reaches where age-0 progeny of the genus Oncorhynchus spp. (i.e., rainbow trout O. mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarkii) were observed was 13°C and where Oncorhynchus spp. adults where observed was 12°C. The probability of occurrence of both age-0 and adult brook trout and Oncorhynchus spp. increased as MJT increased above these thresholds. Our results indicate that low MJT in some portions of a mountain watershed can be related to the absence of salmonids. Consequently, data on MJT may provide managers with a means of assessing where summer water temperatures are not suitable for establishment of naturalized salmonid populations.
Planning Tools
Authors: Moller Chris 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNew forms of practice that respond to the changing role of the architect are now breaking through to reveal architecture as very much a process, contrary to the profession's 30‐year obsession with itself as object and surface. Much of the ground for this change was set in the 1970s. Now that the technology has arrived, Chris Moller talks about how the work of his own S333 epitomises the new breed of architect by addressing wider urban issues, engaging other disciplines in the design process and creating new tools with which to work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hmmmm Gardening… Some Comments on Garden Style and False Economy
Authors: Vincent Jon 
Published: July 2005

AbstractArchitects beware! Seized with your renewed vigour for ‘greening’ your schemes, you must know that there are plants, and there are plants, and that they should not be misinterpreted. Jon Vincent has strong opinions about how divisive some landscaping decisions can become, and incorporates these rules into his own, more responsive, garden designs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Sequential Extraction Procedures for the Characterization and Management of Contaminated Soils
Authors: Abollino Ornella , Giacomino Agnese , Malandrino Mery , Mentasti Edoardo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMetal mobility and availability in solid samples, such as soils, sediments and sludges, is frequently studied with sequential extraction procedures, which allow to partition the total metal content into classes of different reactivity. From the experimental point of view, each extraction step requires many practical operations, which can represent sources of error if they are not properly executed. The first part of the paper gives indication on how to perform sequential extractions, from sample pretreatment to extract analysis, in order to reduce experimental errors. The second part describes the main applications of sequential extraction schemes for the characterization and management of contaminated soils: the assessment of the risks associated to metal pollution, the evaluation of the feasibility and efficiency of remediation techniques, the study of soil properties and of metal behaviour and plant availability.
Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment: Formation, Occurrences and Analysis
Authors: Perrini Giancarlo , Tomasello Massimo , Librando Vito , Minniti Zelica 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA review is presented on the formation and occurrence in the atmosphere of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Some analytical methodologies (covering various matrices) are also considered.
Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Terracciano Alessandra , Chiurazzi Pietro , Neri Giovanni 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFragile X syndrome, the most common genetic disorder associated with mental retardation is caused by an expansion of the unstable CGG repeat within the FMR1 gene. Although overgrowth is not the main hallmark of this condition, the fragile X syndrome is usually included in the differential diagnosis of children with mental retardation and excess growth. This review highlights the most recent advances in the field of fragile X research. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of stearyl‐group‐terminated dendrimers and thermosensitivity of their toluene solutions
Authors: Xu Dong‐Mei , Zhang Ke‐Da , Wu Wen‐Juan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractStearyl‐group‐terminated poly(ester amide) dendrimers [PEAD (R)3 and PEAD (R)8] and a poly(amino amide) dendrimer [PAMAM (R)4] were synthesized by the amidation of three, eight, and four terminated primary amino groups in poly(ester amine) dendrimers and a poly(amino amide) dendrimer with stearyl chloride. The dendrimer structures were characterized with IR and elemental analysis. The toluene solutions of the stearyl‐group‐terminated dendrimers were thermosensitive. Not only did gels form in PEAD (R)3–, PEAD (R)8–, and PAMAM (R)4–toluene solutions below 57.5, 60, and 49°C, respectively, but the content of toluene in the gels depended on the temperature, and a break existed at about 30°C. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 341–346, 2005
Cloning and assisted reproductive techniques: Influence on early development and adult phenotype
Authors: Sakai Randall R. , Tamashiro Kellie L. K. , Yamazaki Yukiko , Yanagimachi Ryuzo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOver the past 40 years, our increased understanding and development of cell and molecular biology has allowed even greater advances in reproductive biology. This is most evident by the development of various aspects of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), generation of transgenic animals, and most recently generation of mammals through somatic cell cloning. To date, cloning from adult somatic cells has been successful in at least 10 mammalian species. Although generating viable cloned mammals from adult cells is technically feasible and the list of successes will only continue to grow with time, prenatal and perinatal mortality is high and live cloned offspring have not been without health problems. The success of many of the proposed applications of the cloning technique obviously depends upon the health and survival of founder animals generated by nuclear transfer. This article summarizes the health consequences of cloning in mice, and discusses possible mechanisms through which these conditions may arise. In addition, we discuss the effects of ART in animal models and in humans. ART also involves some of the same procedures used in cloning, and there are reports that offspring generated by ART sometimes display aberrant phenotypes as well. It is important to point out that although these techniques do sometimes produce abnormalities, the majority of offspring are born apparently normal and survive to adulthood. Additionally, we must emphasize that the effects of ART and cloning observed in animal models do not necessarily indicate that they will occur in humans. In this article, we review studies examining the phenotype of animals generated by cloning and various ART, and discuss clinical implications of these findings. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 75:151–162, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decision-analytical model with lifetime estimation of costs and health outcomes for one-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in 65-year-old men
Authors: Henriksson M , Lundgren F 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) causes about 2 per cent of all deaths in men over the age of 65 years. A major improvement in operative mortality would have little impact on total mortality, so screening for AAA has been recommended as a solution. The cost-effectiveness of a programme that invited 65-year-old men for ultrasonographic screening was compared with current clinical practice in a decision-analytical model.MethodsIn a probabilistic Markov model, costs and health outcomes of a screening programme and current clinical practice were simulated over a lifetime perspective. To populate the model with the best available evidence, data from published papers, vascular databases and primary research were used.ResultsThe results of the base-case analysis showed that the incremental cost per gained life-year for a screening programme compared with current practice was €7760, and that for a quality-adjusted life-year was €9700. The probability of screening being cost-effective was high.ConclusionA financially and practically feasible screening programme for AAA, in which men are invited for ultrasonography in the year in which they turn 65, appears to yield positive health outcomes at a reasonable cost.
Discretionary unplanned buying in consumer society
Authors: Wood Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper addresses a disjunction between consumer behaviour discourse about ‘impulse buying’ and the reality of shopper behaviour in contemporary marketing and retail environments, by revising the concept of unplanned buying. ‘Discretionary unplanned buying’ is distinguished from impulse buying and is argued to be part of the core meaning of a ‘consumer society’. Consumers buy goods and services with discretionary income intentionally, but without prior planning. It is suggested that such purchases account for a significant portion of the excitement and the ‘hedonic’ satisfaction that consumers receive from their consumption purchases, both in the present day and historically. Consumer experiences as well as the historical development of retail places and consumer society are considered. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and comparative analysis of the peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase repertoires of H. sapiens, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, S. cerevisiae and Sz. pombe
Authors: Pemberton Trevor J. , Kay John E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) class of proteins comprises three member families that are found throughout nature and are present in all the major compartments of the cell. Their numbers appear to be linked to the number of genes in their respective genomes, although we have found the human repertoire to be smaller than expected due to a reduced cyclophilin repertoire. We show here that whilst the members of the cyclophilin family (which are predominantly found in the nucleus and cytoplasm) and the parvulin family (which are predominantly nuclear) are largely conserved between different repertoires, the FKBPs (which are predominantly found in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum) are not. It therefore appears that the cyclophilins and parvulins have evolved to perform conserved functions, while the FKBPs have evolved to fill ever‐changing niches within the constantly evolving organisms. Many orthologous subgroups within the different PPIase families appear to have evolved from a distinct common ancestor, whereas others, such as the mitochondrial cyclophilins, appear to have evolved independently of one another. We have also identified a novel parvulin within Drosophila melanogaster that is unique to the fruit fly, indicating a recent evolutionary emergence. Interestingly, the fission yeast repertoire, which contains no unique cyclophilins and parvulins, shares no PPIases solely with the budding yeast but it does share a majority with the higher eukaryotes in this study, unlike the budding yeast. It therefore appears that, in comparison with Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a poor representation of the higher eukaryotes for the study of PPIases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.