bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to Burn Care: The Sequel
Authors: Hermans Michel H. E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTCare of burns, particularly those that are deep and/or extensive, requires a very specific approach from a multidisciplinary team of different types of experts. In contrast to many chronic lesions, large burns are also immediately life-threatening and have significant systemic effects that require specialized treatment as well. This article provides a high-level overview of burn care with an emphasis on these burn-specific issues and treatment.GENERAL PURPOSETo review burn care, with an emphasis on burn-specific issues and treatment.TARGET AUDIENCEThis continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMESAfter participating in this educational activity, the participant will:1. Select the appropriate treatment guidelines for patients who have burn injuries.2. Identify common complications of major burns.3. Choose the recommended pharmacologic approaches to burn care.
Does anterior plating of pelvic ring fractures increase infection risk in patients with bladder or urethral injuries?
Authors: Medda Suman , Cuadra Mario , Yu Ziqing , Manzano Givenchy , Spitler Clay , Matuszewski Paul , Patch David , Pease Tyler , Chen Andrew , Garrard Victoria , Karunakar Madhav ,   the EMIT Pelvic Fracture Study Group
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the effect of anterior fixation on infection in patients with operative pelvic fractures and bladder or urethral injuries.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective

Setting:
Eight centers

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients with closed pelvic fractures with associated bladder or urethral injuries treated with anterior plating (AP), intramedullary screw (IS) or no anterior internal fixation (NAIF, including external fixation or no fixation)

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Deep infection

RESULTS:
There were 81 extraperitoneal injuries and 57 urethral injuries. There was no difference in infection between fixation groups across all urologic injuries (AP: 10.8%, IS: 0%, NAIF: 4.9%, p = 0.41). There was a higher rate of infection in the urethral injury group compared to extraperitoneal injuries (14.0% vs 2.5%, p = 0.016). Among extraperitoneal injuries specifically, there was no difference in deep infection related to fixation (AP: 2.6%, IS 0%, NAIF: 2.9%, p = 0.99). Among urethral injuries, there was no statistical difference in deep infection related to fixation (AP: 23.1%, IS: 0%, NAIF: 7.4%, p = 0.21). There was a higher rate of suprapubic catheter (SPC) use in urethral injuries compared to extraperitoneal injuries (57.9% vs 4.9%, p < 0.0001). In the urethral injury group, SPC use did not have a statistically significant difference in infection rate (SPC: 18.2% vs No SPC: 8.3%, p = 0.45). Early removal of the SPC before or during the definitive orthopedic intervention did not significantly effect infection rate (Early: 0% vs Delayed: 25.0%, p = 0.16).

CONCLUSIONS:
Surgeons should approach operative pelvic fractures with associated urologic injuries with caution given the high risk of infection. Further work must be done to elucidate the effect of anterior implants and suprapubic catheter use and duration.
Outcomes in Early Versus Delayed Management of Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Hidalgo Perea Sofia , Loyst Rachel A. , Botros Daniel , Barsi James M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
There is a paucity of literature regarding the timing of treatment for pediatric femur fractures. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether early versus delayed management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures would impact outcomes regarding time to union and return to baseline function.

Methods:
Pediatric patients presenting with femoral shaft fractures, from January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2021, were identified using the Pediatric Trauma Database at a single Level One Trauma Center and retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information, surgical details, associated injuries, length of follow-up, time to union, and return to baseline function were collected. Patients were then divided into 2 groups; the early intervention group underwent treatment within 24 hours of admission versus the delayed group, which underwent treatment after 24 hours. Patients with neuromuscular disease, pathologic fracture, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, nonambulatory, younger than 6 months old, or had follow-up of <8 weeks posttreatment were excluded. χ2 and unpaired Student t tests were used to compare outcomes. A P value ≤0.05 was used as the threshold of statistical significance.

Results:
Of the 169 cases reviewed, 137 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 8.0 ± 5.0 (6 mo to 16 y). The average follow-up time was 1.4 ± 1.4 years. Thirty-two (19%) patients did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded from the study. One hundred twenty-two (89%) patients were in the early intervention group versus 15 (11%) in the delayed intervention group. There were no statistically significant differences between the early and the delayed arms in regard to time to union, quality of final reduction, and return to baseline function.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study support that the timing of surgical intervention of femoral shaft fractures in the pediatric population is not correlated to time to union and final function. Clinically, prompt treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures should not supersede medical methods of resuscitation and likely has no bearing on the final outcome.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Worsening heart failure: a concept in evolution
Authors: Puthenpura Max , Wilcox Jennifer , Tang W.H. Wilson 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
Worsening heart failure (WHF) has developed as a unique definition within heart failure (HF) in recent years. It captures the disease as a dynamic process. This review describes what is currently known about WHF, why it should be considered a discrete scientific endpoint, and future directions for research.

Recent findings
There is no single agreed upon definition for WHF. It can be identified as being due to treatment side-effects, related to concomitant comorbidity, or true disease progression. Risk scores based on criteria like those already developed for HF can be created to stratify risk for WHF.

Conclusions
WHF is an emerging entity within HF that defines itself as a unique point of interest. Understanding it as a clinical measure of where a patient's HF is evolving allows for identifying patients that require a refreshed approach to their care. Keeping this in mind will help redefine more patient-centric outcome measures in research to come.
A comprehensive overview of surgical and transcatheter therapies to treat tricuspid regurgitation in patients with heart failure
Authors: Chen Vincent , Altisent Omar Abdul-Jawad , Puri Rishi 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
The unique pathophysiologic considerations of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) have led to advancements in surgical and transcatheter treatments. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current surgical and transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) to functional TR.

Recent findings
Surgical repair with ring annuloplasty consistently demonstrates better outcomes than surgical replacement or other repair approaches. However, surgical uptake of TR correction remains relatively low, and operative mortality rates are still high owing to multiple comorbidities and advanced tricuspid valve disease/right ventricular dysfunction at time of referral. Pivotal trials for tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) and transcatheter TV replacement (TTVR) indicate improved quality of life compared to medical therapy alone for high-surgical-risk patients with severe symptomatic TR. Trials are underway to assess caval valve implantation (CAVI), which holds hope for many severe TR patients who are not ideal candidates for T-TEER or orthotopic TTVR. Peri-procedural optimization of right ventricular function remains critical to promote both device success and patient outcomes.

Summary
Clinical outcomes after surgical TV intervention are poor, often due to intervening late in the disease course of TR. TTVI covers a treatment gap for patients deemed inoperable or high-surgical-risk, but earlier referral for TV interventions is still important prior to patients developing multiorgan dysfunction from chronic untreated TR.
INTRAVITREAL FARICIMAB AS AN ADJUVANT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULAR UVEITIS
Authors: Alcibahy Yasmine , Julian Karina , Bonilla Maria Fernanda , Mohamed Ali , Amrani Sarah , Agarwal Aniruddha 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to report the use of intravitreal faricimab used as an adjunct in the management of intraocular tuberculosis in a patient with occlusive retinal vasculitis and choroiditis.

Methods:
This is a case report.

Results:
A 27-year-old Asian man presented with bilateral choroiditis and occlusive retinal vasculitis complicated by retinal neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage in one eye. The patient had a positive tuberculin skin test, indeterminate interferon–gamma release assay, and Ghon focus on chest radiography. With a diagnosis of intraocular tuberculosis, the patient was treated with antitubercular therapy. Owing to the significant vitreous hemorrhage, he underwent pars plana vitrectomy in one eye. The patient received bilateral faricimab. Within a week of the injection, he had a near-complete resolution of the extensive choroidal and retinal vascular inflammation.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal faricimab, given its angiopoietin-2 inhibition and antivascular endothelial growth factor action, maybe a helpful adjunct in intraocular tuberculosis. Whether angiopoietin-2 inhibition provides any additional benefit needs further evaluation in extensive studies.
How long can pulmonary resection surgery be performed after SARS-CoV-2 infection? A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Duan Jiangnan , Zhou Ying , Hui Bengang , Zhao Yabo , Shang Rongxin , Qiao Bowei , Zhou Yinxi , Yang Weibo , Cui Kai , Zhang Xi , Yan Xiaolong , Jiang Tao , Lei Jie 
Published: December 2023

Background:
No studies to date have focused on the timing of pulmonary resection in patients with previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. In the present study, the authors analyzed the surgical outcomes and evaluated the optimal time point of pulmonary resection surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Materials and methods:
In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, patients were divided into different groups according to the time interval between SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and pulmonary resection. The primary outcome measure was postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery, which was investigated to determine the optimal time point of pulmonary resection. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk factors for postoperative complications.

Results:
In total, 400 patients were enrolled, and the postoperative pathologic examination of 322 (80.5%) patients showed lung cancer. As the interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pulmonary resection increased, the incidence of complications gradually decreased in each group. The incidence of grade ≥II complications was higher in the ≤2-week and 2-week to 4-week groups than in the 4-week to 6-week, 6-week to 8-week and >8-week groups [3 (21.4%), 17 (20.2%), 10 (10.6%), 13 (7.9%), and 3 (6.5%), respectively] (P<0.05). Multiclassification regression analysis showed that the risk of grade ≥II complications in the ≤2-week and 2-week to 4-week groups was significantly higher than that in the >8-week group [odds ratio (95% CI), 3.937 (1.072–14.459), P=0.039 and 3.069 (1.232–6.863), P=0.015]. The logistic regression analysis suggested that underlying disease, persistent SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, and surgical timing (≤4 weeks) were independent risk factors for complications of pulmonary resection after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion:
Pulmonary resection should be delayed for at least 4 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
Maternal immunization in women living with HIV
Authors: Dauby Nicolas , Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Martin Charlotte , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa Márcia , Goetghebuer Tessa 
Published: December 2023

Thanks to widespread use of antiretroviral therapy worldwide, women living with HIV (WLWH) are becoming pregnant and giving birth to HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) newborns.Both pregnancy and HIV infection-related factors such as low CD4+T-cell count or uncontrolled viral load increase the risk of severe infections such as influenza, COVID-19, and others, making maternal immunization a valuable tool to decrease maternal morbidity among WLWH. Vaccines administered during pregnancy may also benefit the health of HEU infants. Indeed, HEU infants suffer from higher risk of morbidity of infectious origin, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), group B streptococcus (GBS), pneumococcus and pertussis infections. Maternal pertussis immunization is recommended in various high-income countries but not in many low-middle income countries where HIV prevalence is higher. GBS and RSV vaccines to be administered during pregnancy are currently in late-phase clinical trials in HIV-uninfected women and could represent a valuable tool to decrease morbidity during infancy. Decreased transfer of vaccine-specific IgG, accelerated waning of vaccine-induced antibody responses, linked to persistent maternal immune activation, and blunting of infant immune response to vaccines could hamper vaccine effectiveness among WLWH and HEU infants. Vaccine hesitancy could limit benefits of maternal immunization and strategies to tackle vaccine hesitancy should be part of HIV routine care. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the immunogenicity and efficacy of available and upcoming vaccines recommended during pregnancy of WLWH.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Neuroma Incidence in Upper Extremity Amputees
Authors: Chaker Sara C. , Hung Ya-Ching , Saad Mariam , Cardenas David , Perdikis Galen , Thayer Wesley P. 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundNeuromas substantially decrease a patient's quality of life and obstruct the use of prosthetics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global incidence of neuroma formation in upper extremity amputees.MethodsA literature search was performed using 3 databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria for the systematic review were those studies investigating only upper extremity amputees and reported postamputation neuroma. A random-effects, inverse-variance analysis was conducted to determine the pooled proportion of neuromas within the upper extremity amputation population. Critical appraisal using the JBI Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data of each individual article were performed for the systematic review.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria collating a total of 1931 patients across 8 countries. More than three-fourth of patients are young men (77%; age range, 19–54 years) and had an amputation due to trauma. The random-effects analysis found the pooled combined proportion of neuromas to be 13% (95% confidence interval, 8%–18%). The treatment of neuroma is highly variable, with some patients receiving no treatment.ConclusionsThe pooled proportion of neuroma incidence in the 1931 patients was 13%. With the known global prevalence of upper extremity amputees, this translates to nearly 3 million amputees suffering from a neuroma globally. Increasing training in preventative surgical methods could contribute to lowering this incidence and improving the outcomes of this patient population.
Effectiveness and Safety of Postoperative Hospital at Home for Surgical Patients
Authors: Ugarte Ainoa , Bachero Irene , Cucchiari David , Sala Marta , Pereta Irene , Castells Eva , Subirana Nuria , Loscos Andrea , García Laura , Cardozo Celia , Rico Verónica , García-Poutón Nicol , Torres Manuel , Lopera Carlos , Aldea Anna , Suárez Adolfo , Coloma Emmanuel , Seijas Nuria , Altés Jordi , Nicolás David 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a Hospital at Home (HaH) enabled early transfer pathways for surgical patients.

Background:
HaH serves as a safe alternative to traditional hospitalization by providing acute care to patients in their homes through a comprehensive range of hospital-level interventions. To our knowledge, no studies have been published to date reporting a large cohort of early home transferred patients after surgery through a HaH unit.

Methods:
Cohort study enrolling every patient admitted to the HaH unit of a tertiary hospital who underwent any of six surgeries with a predefined early transfer pathway and fitting both general and surgery inclusion criteria (clinical and hemodynamic stability, uncomplicated surgery, presence of a caregiver, among others) from November 2021 to May 2023. Protocols were developed for each pathway between surgical services and HaH to deliver the usual postoperative care in the home setting. Discharge was decided according to protocol. An urgent escalation pathway was also established.

Results:
During the study period, 325 patients were included; 141 were bariatric surgeries, 85 kidney transplants, 45 thoracic surgeries, 37 cystectomies, 10 appendicectomies and 7 ventral hernia repairs. Overall escalation of care during HaH occurred in 7.3% of patients and 30-days readmissions in 7%. Most adverse events were managed at home and the overall mortality was zero. Total mean LOS was 8 days (IQR 2-14) and patients with HaH were transferred home 3 days (IQR 1-6) earlier than the usual pathway; a total of 1,551 bed-days were saved.

Conclusions:
The implementation of early home transfer pathways for surgical patients through HaH is feasible and effective, with favorable safety outcomes.
Paraxial Dirac equation
Authors: Radożycki Tomasz 
Published: December 2023

In this work, the paraxial approximation of the free Dirac equation is examined. The results are first obtained by constructing superpositions of exact solutions with suitable profiles, which are borrowed from paraxial optics. In this manner, the paraxial Dirac beams are obtained in four cases: as Gaussian, Bessel-Gaussian, modified Bessel-Gaussian and elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beams. In the second part of the work, the paraxial Dirac equation is derived, and then its solutions in the aforementioned cases are directly obtained. All the resulting wave functions conform to those derived formerly by virtue of superpositions, except for terms that are negligible upon the assumption that the paraxial functions along the propagation axis vary only slightly over a distance equal to the de Broglie wavelength, which is the standard paraxial requirement.
Tracking COVID-19 in England and Wales: Insights from Virus Watch - a prospective community cohort study
Authors: Erica Fong Wing Lam , Nguyen Vincent Grigori , Beale Sarah , Byrne Thomas E , Geismar Cyril , Fragaszy Ellen , Kovar Jana , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Yavlinsky Alexei , Abubakar Ibrahim , Hayward Andrew C , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundVirus Watch is a prospective community cohort study of COVID-19 of 28□,527 households in England and Wales designed to estimate the incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in those with respiratory presentations and examine symptom profiles and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviour. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) COVID-19 infection survey (CIS) was the largest regular survey of COVID-19 infections and antibodies in the UK and included 227,797 households. In this analysis, we aimed to compare incidence rate estimates from the two studies to understand differences in estimates from the two study designs.MethodsWe used the Virus Watch prospective community cohort study to estimate the overall SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate and incidence rate by age in England and Wales from June 2020 to February 2023. Virus Watch data consisted of self-reported laboratory COVID-19 test results and linkage to the Second Generation Surveillance System, the UK national database for COVID-19 testing. We compared our findings with modelled incidence rates from ONS CIS using 3-day rolling Pearson’s correlation to measure synchrony.Results58,628 participants were recruited into the Virus Watch study between June 2020 and March 2022, of whom 52,526 (90%) were reported to be living in England and 1,532 (2.6%) in Wales. COVID-19 incidence rates were initially similar across age groups until the Delta wave when rates increased at different magnitudes. During the Omicron BA.1, the 0-14 age group had the highest incidence rates, which shifted to the 25-44 age group with Omicron BA.2, 4, and 5 dominance. We found strong synchrony between Virus Watch and ONS CIS COVID-19 incidence estimates for England and Wales, both with and without the incorporation of linked national testing data into the Virus Watch study. In particular, the magnitude and trend of Virus Watch- and ONS-estimated rates for England were generally consistent, although Virus Watch-estimated peaks of infection during the Omicron BA.1 and 2 waves were found to be lower than estimates from the ONS.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the Virus Watch research approach is a low-cost and effective method for on-going surveillance of COVID-19 regardless of the availability of national testing in the UK. Similar approaches can also be utilised by low-resource settings to provide accurate incidence rate estimates to better monitor and respond to COVID-19 as well as other acute respiratory diseases in the future.
Integrative proteomic analyses across common cardiac diseases yield new mechanistic insights and enhanced prediction
Authors: Schuermans Art , Pournamdari Ashley B. , Lee Jiwoo , Bhukar Rohan , Ganesh Shriienidhie , Darosa Nicholas , Small Aeron M. , Yu Zhi , Hornsby Whitney , Koyama Satoshi , Januzzi James L. , Honigberg Michael C. , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCardiac diseases represent common highly morbid conditions for which underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we leveraged 1,459 protein measurements in 44,313 UK Biobank participants to characterize the circulating proteome associated with incident coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and aortic stenosis. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression identified 820 protein-disease associations—including 441 proteins—at Bonferroni-adjustedP<8.6×10−6.Cis-Mendelian randomization suggested causal roles that aligned with epidemiological findings for 6% of proteins identified in primary analyses, prioritizing novel therapeutic targets for different cardiac diseases (e.g., interleukin-4 receptor for heart failure and spondin-1 for atrial fibrillation). Interaction analyses identified seven protein-disease associations that differed Bonferroni-significantly by sex. Models incorporating proteomic data (vs. clinical risk factors alone) improved prediction for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These results lay a foundation for future investigations to uncover novel disease mechanisms and assess the clinical utility of protein-based prevention strategies for cardiac diseases.