bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caspase cleavage of exon 9 deleted presenilin‐1 is an early event in apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore A 23187 in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Popescu Bogdan O. , Cedazo‐Minguez Angel , Popescu Laurentiu M. , Winblad Bengt , Cowburn Richard F. , Ankarcrona Maria 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPresenilins (PSs) are mutated in a majority of familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases. Mutated PSs may cause FAD by a number of pro‐apoptotic mechanisms, or by regulating γ‐secretase activity, a protease involved in β‐amyloid precursor protein processing to the neurotoxic β‐amyloid peptide. Besides their normal endoproteolytic processing, PSs are substrates for caspases, being cleaved to alternative N‐terminal and C‐terminal fragments. So far little is known about the role of PSs cleavage in the apoptotic machinery. Here, we used SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with wild‐type or exon 9 deleted presenilin 1 (PS1) in a time‐course study after the exposure to the calcium ionophore A23187. During and after exposure to A 23187, intracellular calcium levels were higher in exon 9 deleted PS1 cells as compared with non‐transfected and wild‐type PS1 transfected cells. Cell death and the enrichment of apoptotic cells after A23187 exposure were increased by overexpression of exon 9 deleted PS1 as compared with the control cell lines. Wild‐type PS1 cells were compared with exon 9 deleted PS1 cells and the temporal relationship between PS1 and other caspase substrates cleavages was analyzed. Exon 9 deleted PS1 cells exhibited a higher caspase‐3 activation and a greater cleavage of PS1 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) compared with wild‐type PS1 cells. Exon 9 deleted PS1 cleavage occurred earlier than other caspase substrate cleavages (i.e., PARP and gelsolin), simultaneous with minimum detectable caspase‐3 activation. Therefore, alternative cleavage of PS1 may play an important role for the regulation of the proteolytic cascade activated during apoptosis. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:122–134, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction and axonal localization of epithelial/epidermal fatty acid‐binding protein in retinal ganglion cells are associated with axon development and regeneration
Authors: Allen Gregory W. , Liu Jo‐wen , Kirby Michael A. , De León Marino 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpithelial/epidermal fatty acid‐binding protein (E‐FABP) is induced in peripheral neurons during nerve regeneration and is found at high levels in central neurons during neuronal migration and development. Furthermore, E‐FABP expression is required for normal neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor (NGF). The present study examined whether E‐FABP plays a role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation and axon growth. Rat retinal tissues from embryonic (E) and postnatal (P) development through adulthood were examined using immunocytochemical labeling with E‐FABP and growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP‐43) antibodies. E‐FABP colocalized with GAP‐43 at E14 through P10. At E14, E‐FABP immunoreactivity was confined to the somas of GAP‐43‐positive cells in the ganglion cell layer, but it was localized to their axons by E15. The axons in the optic nerve were GAP‐43‐positive and E‐FABP‐negative on E15, but the two proteins were colocalized by E18. Retinal cultures at E15 confirmed that E‐FABP and GAP‐43 colocalize in RGCs. Postnatally, labeling was present between P1 and P10 but decreased at older ages and was minimally present or absent in adult animals. Western immunoblotting revealed that at E18, P1, and P10 E‐FABP levels were at least fourfold greater than those in the adult. By P15, protein levels were only twofold greater, with adult levels reached by P31. Furthermore, E‐FABP could be reinduced during axon regeneration. Dissociated P15 retinal cells cultured in the presence of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor exhibited sixfold more GAP‐43 and E‐FABP double‐positive RGCs (cell body and axons) than controls. Moreover, all GAP‐43‐immunoreactive RGCs were also positive for E‐FABP. Taken together, these results indicate the following: 1) E‐FABP is expressed in RGCs as they reached the ganglion cell layer and 2) E‐FABP plays a functional role in the elaboration of RGC axons in both development and regeneration. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:396–405, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurofilament protein in cerebrospinal fluid: A marker of white matter changes
Authors: Sjögren M. , Blomberg M. , Jonsson M. , Wahlund L.‐O. , Edman Å , Lind K. , Rosengren L. , Blennow K. , Wallin A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the light subtype of the neurofilament proteins (NFL), tau, and β‐amyloid42 (Aβ42) in individuals with moderate or severe white matter changes (WMC) and in those with mild or no WMC. Twenty‐two patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), nine patients with subcortical vascular dementia (SVD), and 20 normal controls were included in the study. The occurrence of WMC was evaluated by a neuroradiologist using the Blennow‐Wallin scale. Thirty‐seven subjects had no or only punctate WMC; 14 had moderate to severe WMC. Both diagnostic group and WMC, but not gender or apolipoproteinE E4 inheritance, contributed to the variance in the CSF levels of tau, NFL, and Aβ42. In patients with moderate to severe WMC, CSF NFL (P < 0.01), but not CSF tau or CSF Aβ42, was increased also after correction for age, gender, and degree of cognitive impairment. A comparison between patients and controls with any signs of WMC and those without such signs yielded a similar result: CSF NFL (P < 0.001) was increased in the group with signs of WMC. As in numerous previous studies, we found that CSF tau was increased in AD (P < 0.001) compared with controls. Furthermore, CSF NFL was increased in both AD and SVD compared with controls (P < 0.001 for both). Although diagnostic group seems to be a stronger predictor of the variance found in CSF NFL, a clear association between the presence of WMC and increased CSF NFL was found. Because NFL is located mainly in large myelinated axons, increased CSF NFL in individuals with WMC probably reflects axonal degeneration. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:510–516, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International collaboration in organizational behavior research
Authors: Peterson Mark F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Journal of Organizational Behavior (JOB) has long sought to promote the international exchange of organizational behavior research, particularly between Europeans and North Americans. Cross‐cultural research collaboration, a sizable step past reading research reports written by scholars from nations other than one's own, is becoming an increasing part of international research exchange. The present essay draws from both normative models of international OB methods and descriptive analyses of international collaboration experiences to consider how context affects the process of international collaboration. It draws from theories of transnational management and of sources of influence and meaning to consider pros, cons, and issues in managing alternative forms of international collaboration done for various purposes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between monthly and seasonal South‐west England rainfall anomalies and concurrent North Atlantic sea surface temperatures
Authors: Phillips Ian D. , Mcgregor Glenn R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper assesses the relationship between a regional index of rainfall (SWER) over Devon and Cornwall, South‐west England, and concurrent gridded (5° × 5°) sea‐surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) for the North Atlantic–European domain (10–70°N, 80°W–20°E) over the period 1950–97. Monthly and seasonal SSTA : SWER correlation fields are derived, and stepwise regression models are then constructed to specify SWER through SSTA variations. In particular, this paper emphasizes the importance of assessing all correlation matrices for field significance, an analysis stage that is often ignored by many researchers. The most temporally reproducible signal is found between depressed SSTs to the west of the British Isles and above‐average rainfall over Devon and Cornwall, although this eastern Atlantic signal is by no means constant over time in terms of its location and spatial extent. Another distinctive feature of the anomaly correlation maps is for locally significant positive SSTA : SWER associations to emerge at high latitudes (60–70°N) in summer and early autumn, e.g. Davis Strait, Norwegian Sea. Field significance testing reveals that seasonal SSTA : SWER correlation fields are statistically more robust than their monthly counterparts. This is demonstrated by the fact that the seasonal fields (excluding summer) all achieve field significance at the 0.1 level, whereas only five of the 12 monthly fields (January, May, July, October and December) do so, suggesting that some of the locally significant SSTA : SWER correlations presented in this paper could have been obtained by merely correlating SWER with a random number series. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Late Holocene (ca. 4 ka) marine and terrestrial environmental change in Reykjarfjördur, north Iceland: climate and/or settlement?
Authors: Andrews John T. , Caseldine Chris , Weiner Nancy J. , Hatton Jackie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCore B997‐328PC is from the landward side of a 100‐m‐deep basin in Reykjarfjördur, a small fjord on the north coast of the northwest peninsula of Iceland. This is an area that can be severely affected by incursions of polar sea‐ice but has not suffered marked land erosion during the Settlement period. The core is 422 cm in length and consists principally of fine‐grained muds with in situ molluscs. Eleven AMS 14C dates on molluscs indicate a constant sediment accumulation rate of ca. 1 cm 10 yr−1 for the last 4280 ± 50 yr BP. We measured and derived a variety of proxies for indications of changes in the nearshore environment. These included physical properties and grain size, mass accumulation rates, micropalaeontology (pollen and Foraminifera). Multivariate analysis and constrained clustering were used to define major changes in the proxies. In several parameters the major change in the fjord environment occurred close to 1000 14C yr ago, thus approximately coincident with the onset of the Settlement of Iceland. Other changes are noted at around 1600 and 3400 14C yr ago; Betula pollen disappears from the record ca. 1500 yr BP and there are peaks in marine productivity occurring ca. 2 and 3.4 ka. A major decline in carbonate accumulation and a sharp increase in the cold water benthic foraminifer Elphidium excavatum forma clavata 400 yr ago represents the local marine signature of the Little Ice Age. None of the changes in our data can be explained adequately by a simple call to land‐use practices and an increase in land to sea transport, but both the pollen and foraminiferal records indicate a decrease and even loss of ‘warm’ elements in both flora and fauna over the past 4 kyr. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moraine development at a small High‐Arctic valley glacier: Rieperbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Lyså Astrid , Lønne Ida 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIce‐cored lateral and frontal moraine complexes, formed at the margin of the small, land‐based Rieperbreen glacier, central Svalbard, have been investigated through field observations and interpretations of aerial photographs (1936, 1961 and 1990). The main focus has been on the stratigraphical and dynamic development of these moraines as well as the disintegration processes. The glacier has been wasting down since the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) maximum, and between 1936 and 1990 the glacier surface was lowered by 50–60 m and the front retreated by approximately 900 m. As the glacier wasted, three moraine ridges developed at the front, mainly as melting out of sediments from debris‐rich foliation and debris‐bands formed when the glacier was polythermal, probably during the LIA maximum. The disintegration of the moraines is dominated by wastage of buried ice, sediment gravity‐flows, meltwater activity and some frost weathering. A transverse glacier profile with a northward sloping surface has developed owing to the higher insolation along the south‐facing ice margin. This asymmetric geometry also strongly affects the supraglacial drainage pattern. Lateral moraines have formed along both sides of the glacier, although the insolation aspect of the glacier has resulted in the development of a moraine 60 m high along its northern margin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic modification of gallic acid on a silver surface studied by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Alvarez‐Ros M. C. , Sánchez‐Cortés S. , Francioso O. , García‐Ramos J. V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe studied the chemical changes undergone by gallic acid (GA) when adsorbed on a colloidal silver surface by means of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The application of the SERS technique allows a remarkable Raman sensitivity enhancement and the strong fluorescence quenching needed to characterize the highly colored products of GA oxidative condensation. We found that GA can undergo a ring opening, a polymerization of aromatic rings or a combination of both mechanisms, leading to the formation of humic‐like substances. The influence of pH and light irradiation on these catalytic processes was investigated in relation to the importance of these mechanisms. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the possibility of detecting tetraazatetrahedrane (N4) in liquid or solid nitrogen by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Östmark Henric , Launila Olli , Wallin Sara , Tryman Rolf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe detection limit of N4 (at Td and D2h symmetry) by the Fourier transform (FT) Raman technique was determined in liquid and solid nitrogen using a modified commercial FT‐Raman spectrometer. The detection limit was determined by combining experimental signal strength and noise levels of N2 in liquid and solid nitrogen with ab initio quantum mechanical (QM) calculations of the Raman intensities of N2 and N4 (Td and D2h). The QM calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6–311G(d) level. The detection limit was found to be 34 ppm of N4(Td) in N2(liq) and 80 ppm in N2(solid), using an 8 h measurement time and a laser power of 1000 mW. The paper also reports calculated Raman spectra of N4 (Td and D2h) at the B3LYP/6–311G(d) level and a new harmonic wavenumber scaling factor, s = 0.953447, for nitrogen‐containing molecules at the B3LYP/6–311G(d) level. The Raman spectrum of N4(Td) consists of three lines, at 728.35, 938.93 and 1321.58 cm−1, with Raman scattering activities of 17.5, 36.2 and 30.0 Å4 u−1, respectively. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of antique ceramics from the Raman spectra of their coloured glazes and paintings
Authors: Colomban Philippe , Sagon Gérard , Faurel Xavier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo palettes, characteristic of the production of the Sèvres Factory (Manufacture Nationale de Sèvres), and representative of ancient glazing techniques, were studied. One was made with coloured glazes/enamels on Bisque (1050 °C) and the other one was composed of Moufle (880 °C) painting colours. Spectra specific to the white (opacifiers), yellow (including Naples yellow), green, pink, ‘brown–red’ and black coatings/paintings were considered. Emphasis was placed on the different Raman peaks arising from coloured coatings specific to ancient artefacts: greens obtained with dissolved Cu ions or from chromium pigments (Victoria green garnets), Naples yellows (Pb2Sb2O7 pyrochlore), green and black spinels and pink sphene. Attention was paid to the effect of pigment grain size on the Raman spectrum. To illustrate the capability of the method, we analysed some old artefacts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐crystal Raman studies on nickel iodate dihydrate, Ni(IO3)2·2H2O
Authors: Schellenschläger V. , Pracht G. , Lutz H. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSingle‐crystal Raman spectra in the range 4000–35 cm−1 and the results of group theoretical treatment including Cartesian symmetry coordinates of nickel iodate dihydrate, Ni(IO3)2 · 2H2O, (space group Pbca, Z = 4) are presented and discussed with respect to the strength of the HO—HOIO3 hydrogen bonds and the extent of intramolecular (intraionic) coupling of the stretching vibrations of both the hydrate H2O molecules and the iodate IO3− ions. The energies and relative intensities of the IO stretching modes in the various species of the unit‐cell group D2h reveal that the iodate ions of the title compound behave as if they possess pseudo C2v site symmetry with a at least partly uncoupled IO stretch due to the significantly shortest (175.5 pm) IO arm and a symmetric (νs) and an antisymmetric stretching vibration (νas) due to the remaining IO2 group (rI–O = 184.2 and 186.0 pm). The respective site‐group modes decrease in the order ν3a ↔ νIO(1) (mean value of the respective unit‐cell group modes: 804 cm−1) > ν1 ↔ νs (772 cm−1) > ν3b ↔ νas (744 cm−1) (ν1 and ν3 as for distorted C3v IO3− ions). For the IO3− bending modes (430–300 cm−1) and the lattice modes below 300 cm−1 the true vibrational modes are not known. The normally used assignment to a symmetric (ν2) and an asymmetric bending vibration (ν4) as for C3v IO3− ions is at least questionable. The hydrogen‐bond distances calculated from the wavenumbers of the OD stretching modes of matrix‐isolated HDO molecules do not fully agree with the data of a neutron diffraction study performed in 1972. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in papillary thyroid cancer. A pilot study
Authors: Catarci Marco , Zaraca Francesco , Angeloni Riccardo , Mancini Barbara , de Filippo Maria Grazia , Massa Rita , Carboni Manlio , Pasquini Giorgio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Lymphadenectomy for papillary thyroid cancer is a matter of debate. After showing its usefulness as a prognostic factor in both melanoma and breast cancer, the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy was also recently applied to differentiated thyroid cancer. To date, all attempts to locate and remove the sentinel node were based on the intraoperative injection of a vital dye. The feasibility and the technical details of using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy coupled with intraoperative vital dye and gamma probe scanning were investigated and discussed.Methods:Six patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer were submitted to preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTc‐labelled colloidal albumin at different dosages. The operation consisted in a total thyroidectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by intraoperative injection of a vital dye (Blu Patent V, 2.5%) and scanning with a hand‐held gamma probe. Lymph node dissection was completed in the area in which the sentinel node was located.Results:The sentinel node was identified using all the three methods in all cases (100%). Considering one of the methods alone, identification rates were 66, 50, and 83% for preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, vital dye, and probe scanning, respectively. One sentinel node was identified in four cases and two in the other two cases. The optimal dosage of the tracer appeared to be at 22 MBq.Conclusions:These results underline the necessity to use the combination of nuclear medicine imaging and lymphatic vital dye in order to enhance the identification rate of sentinel node also in thyroid cancer. It is now necessary to check the diagnostic accuracy of this procedure through a controlled trial involving a more extended lymph node dissection in the neck. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:21–24. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melanoma in African‐Americans: Trends in biological behavior and clinical characteristics over two decades
Authors: Bellows Charles F. , Belafsky Peter , Fortgang Ilana S. , Beech Derrich J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground:The incidence of melanoma in the United States is increasing. Data on this disease in African‐Americans is sparse.Methods:Chart review of patients diagnozed with melanoma from 1975 to 1997 at Charity Hospital New Orleans (CHNO). Age, gender, anatomic distribution, histology, presenting stage, survival, and race were evaluated.Results:Forty‐four of 198 patients were African‐American, of whom the majority developed cutaneous melanoma on the acral surface of the foot. African‐American males were four times more likely to present with a cutaneous lesion than were African‐American females. The median survival time for African‐American with cutaneous lesions was 45 months, compared to 135 months for caucasians who were 3.6 times more likely to present with early disease (P < 0.05). TNM stage at presentation, and ulceration were significant, independent factors associated with a worse outcome in African‐Americans.Conclusion:Overall survival time for African‐Americans with cutaneous melanoma is significantly shorter than for caucasians with this disease. This trend may be attributable to the fact that African‐Americans present with advanced disease. An increased level of awareness among both patients and health‐care providers is necessary to identify African‐Americans with melanoma at earlier stages of disease and to improve survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:10–16. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the temperature and pressure dependence of the reaction HO + NO2+ M ⇔︁ HONO2+ M
Authors: Troe J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA theoretical analysis of the temperature and pressure dependence of the reaction HO + NO2+ M ⇔︁ HONO2+ M is made over the temperature range 50–1400 K and the pressure range 10−4–103bar where experimental data are available. The treatment accounts for contributions from anharmonicity, centrifugal barriers, angular momentum couplings, and weak collisions. It is shown that broadening factorsF(x), with logF(x) ≈ [1 + (logx/N)2]−1logFc,x=k1,0/k1,∞,N≈ 0.75 – 1.27 logFc(where log = log10), andFc= 0.40 (±0.02), well represent the calculated falloff curves in the experimental range. Values ofk1,0= [N2] 3.0 × 10−30(T/300 K)−3.0cm6molecule−2s−1andk1,∞= 3.6 × 10−11cm3molecule−1s−1, are consistent with experiments over the range 220–400 K. The NASA/JPL policy of usingFc= 0.6 andN= 1 leads to apparent values ofk1,0, andk1,∞which are too low, although experimentally observed parts of the falloff curves can well be reproduced. The IUPAC recommendation of a temperature dependence ofFc≈ exp(−T/Tc) should also be abandoned becauseFcis nearly temperature independent between 50 and 1400 K. The analysis of experimental limiting low pressure rate coefficientsk1,0leads to apparent average energies 〈ΔE〉 transferred per collision of about −160 cm−1for M = N2, and −80 cm−1for M = Ar, which are nearly temperature independent over the range 200–400 K for M = N2, and only weakly temperature dependent between 300 and 1400 K for M = Ar. The analysis ofk1,0, which leads to 〈ΔE〉, and ofk1,∞, however, are markedly influenced by the lack of sufficiently precise information on the interaction potential between HO and NO2. For this reason, the consequences of uncertainties are discussed in detail. Possible contributions of HOONO isomer formation in the reaction are also discussed. It is shown that HOONO yields, at pressures below 1 bar, most probably are smaller than about 2.5% while yields up to 20% are possible at 100 bar. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 878–889, 2001