bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of inflammatory bowel disease with postoperative complications, re-admissions and emergency department visits following primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Magruder Matthew L , Hidalgo Perea Sofia , Gordon Adam M , Ng Mitchell K , Wong Che Hang Jason 
Published: December 2023

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder of the gut. Few studies have evaluated whether patients with a history of IBD have worse outcomes following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether IBD is associated with increased: (1) medical complications; (2) readmissions; and (3) emergency department (ED) visits. Methods: Using a nationwide claims database, patients with IBD undergoing primary THA were identified and matched to a comparison group according to age, sex and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Outcomes assessed included the development of 90-day medical complications, 90-day re-admissions and 90-day ED visit rates. A p-value <0.0001 was considered statistically significant. Results: Patients with IBD had a greater incidence and odds ratio of total medical complications (31.90% vs. 11.47%; OR 2.89; p < 0.0001) compared with matched controls. IBD patients had significantly higher incidence and odds ratio of developing acute kidney injury (5.46 vs. 1.46%; OR 3.92; p < 0.0001), cerebrovascular accident (1.32 vs. 0.35%; OR 3.79; p < 0.0001), pneumonia (4.02 vs. 1.30%; OR 3.19; p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (1.21 vs. 0.41%; OR 2.94; p < 0.0001), deep vein thrombosis (0.89% vs. 0.30%; OR 2.93; p < 0.0001), and other adverse events. IBD patients also had higher incidence and odds ratio of 90-day re-admissions (4.20% vs. 3.23%; OR 1.31; p < 0.0001) and ED visits (6.56% vs. 3.99%; OR 1.69; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study found that patients with IBD are at increased risk of 90-day medical complications, re-admissions, and ED visits. Due to its systemic nature, surgeons operating on these patients should be aware of the disease’s extra-intestinal manifestations, and the potential postoperative risks in IBD patients. Providers should use this investigation when educating patients on potential risks of elective THA.
Extended access to general practice services during weekends in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wensaas Knut-Arne , Simonsen Kristian A. , Welle-Nilsen Lina K. , Litleskare Sverre 
Published: December 2023

Objective: The incidence, symptoms, and trajectories of COVID-19 in the community were unknown in the early phase of the pandemic. Consequently, organizing a primary health care response was challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reorganizing general practice services with extended weekend access for patients was feasible, and to assess the extent to which patients used this service. Design: Observational study with registration after a simple intervention. Setting: General practice services in the second half of March 2020 when the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic hit Bergen, the second largest city in Norway. Subjects: All general practices in Bergen were asked to be available during weekends for their patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs), by telephone, video-, or e-consultation. Main outcome measures: Number of practices participating, patients connected to these practices, and consultations for RTIs and suspected COVID-19. Results: During the first weekend, 33 of 71 practices (45%) covering 51% of the population participated. The following weekend this increased to 39 practices (53%) covering 64% of the population. The first weekend 25 practices reported a total of 336 consultations for RTIs, eight of which were for confirmed and 113 were for suspected COVID-19. The corresponding numbers reported from 23 practices the second weekend were 158 RTI consultations, four for confirmed and 41 for suspected COVID-19. Conclusions: On short notice about half the practices in Bergen were made accessible during weekends for their patients with RTIs. The number of consultations per practice was small, but combined this amounted to a substantial improvement in the emergency services.
A Telehealth Delivered Toilet Training Intervention for Children with Autism
Authors: Little Lauren M. , Wallisch Anna , Dunn Winnie , Tomchek Scott 
Published: December 2023

Background: Independence in toileting is a vital skill, yet toilet-training interventions for children with autism are limited. Objectives: We investigated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a hybrid telehealth intervention that used synchronous individualized coaching sessions and asynchronous online educational materials to support parents in toilet training their children with autism. Method: Participants included 34 families of children with autism ages 2 to 8 years. Measures were administered at pre- and postintervention (10–12 weeks) and included the Toileting Behavior Questionnaire, Goal Attainment Scaling, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Results: Twenty-five families completed all intervention procedures. Parents found the intervention highly acceptable and reported significant improvements in child toileting behaviors; however, families accessed the asynchronous intervention materials at a low rate. Conclusion: A parent coaching model delivered through telehealth may be a promising method to increase toileting independence among families of young children with autism.
Comparison of Upper Extremity Function and Daily Use in Individuals with and without Post Stroke Depression
Authors: Assadi Khalil Samar , Kim Grace J. , Rand Debbie 
Published: December 2023

Background Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent psychiatric complication, however very few studies have investigated its relation to the affected upper extremity (UE) post-stroke. Objective. To compare the affected UE in terms of motor impairment, functional ability, and daily-use in individuals with and without PSD during the first 6 months post-stroke. Methods This study analyzed data from a previous cohort; participants were assessed at rehabilitation admission (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 6 months (T3) post-stroke. At each time point we compared between participants with and without PSD (Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥ 5). The Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment assessed motor impairment, Action Research Arm Test assessed functional ability, and the Rating of Everyday Arm-Use in the Community and Home assessed daily-use. Independence in daily activities and cognition were also assessed. Results A total of 116 participants were recruited, 38% had PSD at T1. No significant differences were found between groups at T1 and T2. However, significant differences ( z = −5.23 to −2.66, p < .01) were found between groups for all UE measures at T3; participants with PSD had lower motor and functional ability and less daily hand-use than participants without PSD. At T3 participants with PSD were also less independent in daily-living. Conclusions PSD is associated with greater UE motor, functional, and daily-use disability at 6 months post-stroke. Our findings underscore the negative impact of PSD on UE during the crucial transition period when individuals return home and integrate back into the community. Further research is needed to delineate the effect of change in PSD status on UE outcomes post stroke.
Contralateral Arm Pain as a Sign of Distress Regarding Symptoms
Authors: Davids Floor A. , Padilla Jose C. , Ring David , Vagner Gregg A. , Reichel Lee M. , Ramtin Sina 
Published: December 2023

Background: Pain intensity and magnitude of incapability are associated with common unhelpful thoughts about symptoms such as catastrophic thinking and kinesiophobia. To determine whether reports of pain in the upper limb contralateral to a non-trauma condition were associated with unhelpful thoughts, we measured the relationship between pain intensity in the opposite limb and levels of unhelpful thinking. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 152 new and return patients seeking care of an upper-limb musculoskeletal condition completed measures of upper-extremity-specific magnitude of capability, pain intensity of the involved and contralateral arms, unhelpful thoughts regarding symptoms, symptoms of distress regarding symptoms, and general symptoms of depression. Factors associated with contralateral and ipsilateral pain intensity and upper-extremity-specific magnitude of capability were assessed using multivariable statistics. Results: In bivariate analysis, contralateral arm pain was associated with symptoms of distress regarding pain, but not in multivariable analysis. Accounting for potential confounding in negative binominal regression analysis, greater pain intensity of the affected side was independently associated with greater feelings of distress regarding symptoms and no prior surgery. Greater upper-extremity-specific capability was independently associated with less distress regarding symptoms, married/partnered, men, and no prior surgery. Conclusions: The observation that greater pain intensity in the opposite arm was associated with greater distress regarding symptoms suggests that, in combination with other verbal and non-verbal signs of distress, patient concerns about pain in the contralateral limb can help direct patients and surgeons to evidence-based care strategies for alleviating stress regarding symptoms.
A prediction model for risk of low oxygen saturation in patients with post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis during bronchoscopy
Authors: Chen Hui , Tian Sen , Huang Haidong , Wang Hui , Hu Zhenli , Yang Yuguang , Zhang Wei , Dong Yuchao , Wang Qin , Bai Chong 
Published: December 2023

Background: Low oxygen saturation (LOS) is a frequent occurrence for patients with post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis (PTTS) during bronchoscopic procedures. However, there are currently no systematic assessment tools to predict LOS risk in PTTS patients during bronchoscopy. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an effective preoperative predictive model to guide clinical practice. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data was retrospectively collected from PTTS patients who underwent bronchoscopic interventions between January 2017 and December 2022. Among all patients included in this study, patients between January 2017 and December 2021 were used as training cohort for the logistic regression model, and patients between January 2022 and December 2022 were utilized as validation cohort for internal validation. We used consistency index (C-index), goodness-of-fit test and calibration plot to evaluate the model performance. Results: A total of 465 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The overall incidence of LOS was 26.0% (121/465). Comorbidity, degree of stenosis, bronchoscopist level, thermal ablation therapy, balloon dilation, and airway stenting, as independent risk factors for the presence of LOS, were used to construct the nomogram prediction model. The C-index of training cohort was 0.827 (95% CI, 0.786–0.869), whereas that of validation cohort was 0.836 (95% CI, 0.757–0.916), combining with the results of the calibration plot and goodness-of-fit test, demonstrating that this model had good predictive ability. Conclusion: The predictive model and derived nomogram with good predictive ability has been developed to preoperatively predict the risk of LOS in PTTS patients during bronchoscopy, allowing for individualized interventions for high-risk patients.
Influence of Footwear Selection on Youth Running Biomechanics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Traut Andrew G. , Hannigan J.J. , Ter Har Justin A. , Pollard Christine D. 
Published: December 2023

Background: The relationship of running biomechanics, footwear, and injury has been studied extensively in adults. There has been little research on the effects of footwear on running biomechanics in youth. Hypothesis: Running biomechanics of youth will be significantly affected by changes in footwear. Minimal shoe running will demonstrate similarities to barefoot. Study Design: Crossover study design: randomized trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 14 active male youth (8-12 years old) participants with no previous exposure to minimalist shoes or barefoot running had running biomechanics (lower extremity sagittal plane kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces [vGRFs]) collected and analyzed in 3 footwear conditions (barefoot, traditional, and minimal shoe). Results: The average vertical loading rate (AVLR) was significantly greater running barefoot (173.86 bodyweights per second [BW/s]) and in the minimal shoe (138.71 BW/s) compared with the traditional shoe (78.06 BW/s), ( P < 0.01). There were significant differences between shoe conditions for knee flexion at initial contact ( P < 0.01), knee sagittal plane excursion ( P < 0.01), peak dorsiflexion ( P < 0.01), and dorsiflexion at initial contact ( P = 0.03). No participants displayed a forefoot-strike during this study. Conclusion: The introduction of barefoot and minimalist running in habitually shod youth significantly affected the running biomechanics of youth and caused immediate alterations in both lower extremity kinematics and vGRFs. Running barefoot or in minimal shoes dramatically increased the AVLR, which has been associated with injury, compared with a traditional shoe. Clinical Relevance: This study evaluated the effects of footwear on overground running biomechanics, including AVLR, in pre- and early-adolescent youth males. Based on our findings, clinicians should exercise caution in barefoot or minimal shoe transition among young, habitually shod, runners due to the immediate and dramatic increases in AVLRs.
Clinical decision support systems for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in hospitals: A systematic review
Authors: Bamgboje-Ayodele Adeola , Borg David N , McPhail Steven M , Baysari Melissa T 
Published: December 2023

Objectives To synthesise the literature on clinical decision support (CDS) systems for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to (1) describe existing COPD CDS systems that have been designed, developed or are being used in practice, (2) describe the impact of COPD CDS systems on outcomes and (3) identify barriers and facilitators to implementation of COPD CDS systems. Methods Five databases were searched to identify relevant studies. All studies in English that described clinician-facing COPD CDS systems designed for, or implemented in, hospitals and hospital-in-the-home settings were included. A qualitative narrative synthesis was undertaken, guided by the RE-AIM framework ( Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance). Results Twelve studies reporting the use of CDS in hospital ( n = 7) and hospital-in-the-home ( n = 5) settings were included. Implementation efforts to reach target users were scantly reported, and low-to-medium adoption rates were observed. The reported effectiveness of the CDS systems was mixed. Only one study reported facilitators to the implementation of CDS systems, none reported on barriers to the implementation of CDS systems, and none reported any information on successful strategies to maintain implementation of CDS systems. Conclusion The use of CDS systems in the management of patients with COPD in hospital-related settings is an important emerging field of research. Evidence suggests that the field has largely focused on systems targeted at physicians, often with incomplete descriptions and limited evaluations. Many opportunities to optimise and evaluate the implementation and use of COPD CDS systems in hospital settings remain, including robust evaluation of their impact on patient, clinician and health service outcomes.
Agricultural Marketing in India: Challenges, Policies and Politics
Authors: Saha Subhomay , Sinha Chaitali , Saha Shrabani 
Published: December 2023

This article is an attempt to provide a critical review of the present process of agricultural marketing in India in the wake of the recent discontent amongst the farmers that took place with the passing of the three controversial farm laws in September 2020 and giving respite to the agrarian community of the country by repealing of these new laws in November 2021. The old agricultural system of India needs to be changed. The three farm laws that were passed were of the intention to modernize the Indian agricultural market by encouraging investment and increasing competition. However, there was a country-wide protest from the farmers as they were sceptical that these laws would ultimately withdraw or reduce the security net provided by the states and put them in a vulnerable position. The present review takes a deeper dig into the present agricultural marketing situation of India in the context of the new farm laws and tries to critically evaluate the situation. JEL Classification: Q13 Q15 Q18
Productivity Shock and Labour Input: Evidence from Correlated Unobserved Component Model
Authors: Singh Jitender , Mitra Arup 
Published: December 2023

This note assesses the relationship between labour productivity and employment in the framework of the unobserved component model as well as the vector autoregressive model. In the case of the organized/formal manufacturing sector in India, the transitory increase in productivity is seen to reduce the man-days in the short run, though it is not statistically significant. Permanent shock to productivity decreases labour inputs permanently, and vice versa and their association is also statistically significant. Incentivizing the firms to expand their activities, diversify production and process secondary products may help restore employment in the face of a permanent productivity shock. JEL Classification: C11, C32, E32
Effectiveness of a video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for foster children
Authors: West Delphine , Stas Lara , Van Holen Frank , Gypen Laura , Vanderfaeillie Johan 
Published: December 2023

Foster children are at risk for developing disorganized attachment relationships (Van den Dries et al., 2009; Vasileva & Petermann, 2018) and behavioural problems (Goemans et al., 2015; Vanschoonlandt et al., 2012). Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline – Foster Care/Adoption (VIPP-FC/A) is an intervention aimed at improving sensitive parenting in order to promote secure attachment relations and reduce behavioural problems. In this study, a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was used in order to examine the effectiveness of VIPP-FC/A in a Flemish foster care sample ( n = 100), using questionnaires at three measurement moments. The hypothesis was that VIPP-FC/A would increase foster mothers’ sensitive parenting and decrease the externalizing behavioural problems and insecure attachment behaviour of the foster children and parenting stress of the foster mothers. The intervention effects on these four outcome variables were analysed by constructing four multilevel models. After controlling for the baseline measurement, there was no significant main effect of condition for sensitive parenting, externalizing problems, insecure attachment behaviour and parenting stress. There was however a significant effect of condition and age on insecure attachment behaviour: within the group of youngest foster children (under 30 months), children in the intervention group scored lower insecure attachment scores than children in the control group. Additionally, there was a significant effect of condition and type of foster care on externalizing behaviour problems. In the group of children placed in kinship foster care, children in the intervention group had lower external behavior scores than children in the control group.
Cosmic radiation shielding property of boron reinforced continuous fiber nanocomposites produced by electrospinning
Authors: Özcan Mücahid , Kaya Cengiz , Kaya Figen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrospinning, a cutting-edge production technique, is used to create boron-reinforced continuous fiber nanocomposites that shield space missions from cosmic radiation, a significant hazard. By incorporating boron, which is known for its exceptional neutron shielding properties, into the polymer matrix, a composite material that is flexible, lightweight, and highly resistant to radiation is produced. The results indicate that continuous fiber nanocomposites reinforced with boron, boric acid, or both have a high shielding efficiency against cosmic radiation. The adaptability and low weight of the manufactured nanocomposites make them ideal for space applications. While boric acid combines with PVA at the molecular level and alters the molecular chain structure of PVA, it is believed that elemental boron is only incorporated as particulates into the PVA polymer. It is known that both boric acid and elemental boron doped nanocomposites provide samples with a thickness of 10 microns with 13.56% neutron shielding and superior photon blocking ability.
Association between plasma L-carnitine levels and mitochondrial DNA copy number
Authors: Li Mingyue , Yang Keming , De Vivo Immaculata , Eliassen A. Heather , Qureshi Abrar A. , Nan Hongmei , Han Jiali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMitochondria are key cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells that generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (mtDNAcn) is considered a biomarker for both mitochondrial quantity and function as well as cellular oxidative stress level. Previous epidemiologic findings revealed that weight gain, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking, and high insulinemic potential of lifestyle were associated with lower leukocyte mtDNAcn. Carnitines are a group of compounds that play a critical role in energy production. We quantified the associations of plasma L-carnitine levels with leukocyte mtDNAcn. We then examined the association between mtDNAcn and L-carnitine (HMDB0000062) in 538 U.S. men without cancers, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease at blood collection from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). We found a significant inverse association between L-carnitine and mtDNAcn (ρ = −0.1, P = 0.02). This implies that the carnitine metabolic pathway may be associated with mitochondrial function and oxidative stress.
Pleiotropic genetic association analysis with multiple phenotypes using multivariate response best-subset selection
Authors: Guo Hongping , Li Tong , Wang Zixuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGenetic pleiotropy refers to the simultaneous association of a gene with multiple phenotypes. It is widely distributed in the whole genome and can help to understand the common genetic mechanism of diseases or traits. In this study, a multivariate response best-subset selection (MRBSS) model based pleiotropic association analysis method is proposed. Different from the traditional genetic association model, the high-dimensional genotypic data are viewed as response variables while the multiple phenotypic data as predictor variables. Moreover, the response best-subset selection procedure is converted into an 0-1 integer optimization problem by introducing a separation parameter and a tuning parameter. Furthermore, the model parameters are estimated by using the curve search under the modified Bayesian information criterion. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method MRBSS remarkably reduces the computational time, obtains higher statistical power under most of the considered scenarios, and controls the type I error rate at a low level. The application studies in the datasets of maize yield traits and pig lipid traits further verifies the effectiveness.