bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2624 Exploring the experience of older people in care homes with the Administration of Oral Medication
Authors: Davies H , Watchman K , Hoyle L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Residents of care homes for older people experience multi-factorial problems when being given oral medication. A systematic integrated mixed-methods review of the literature revealed that practices of modifying tablets, crushing and mixing with food, in attempts to administer medication, remain widespread internationally. There is a high prevalence of swallowing problems. Care home routines are time pressured, and there are incidences of disempowering practices and language associated with processes of medication administration. The literature presented very little from the residents’ experience, largely representing them as passive recipients in the activity.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the experience of residents of care homes for older people who need help from care staff to take their medication. Its purpose was to answer a single research question, ‘What is the experience of residents of care homes when oral medication is administered?’

Methods
Observation of an episode of medication administration and semi-structured interviewing were conducted with eight residents between the ages of 84 and 95 from care homes in Scotland. Data was analysed in accordance with a Gadamerian philosophy of hermeneutics, with a commitment to understanding and representing the participants’ experience.

Results
Four themes emerged from the data, ‘Being in control/relinquishing control’, ‘Being comfortable in routine’, ‘Trusting’, and ‘Swallowing’. Interpretive exploration of these themes revealed the importance of facilitating individual routines when taking medication, and that a trusting relationship with staff and with the medication can be an indicator of vulnerability. The risks to autonomy in relation to taking medication, and an imbalance of power for care home residents who are given medication to take emerged as an overarching concept.

Conclusion
Recommendations focus on the potential for empowering practices in relation to taking medication, both for those who provide care, and for those who prescribe medication.
Aesthetic Efficacy and Safety of Combined Microfocused Ultrasound With Visualization and Calcium Hydroxylapatite Treatment: A Systematic Review of Human Evidence
Authors: Amiri Mojgan , Meçani Renald , Niehot Christa D , Muharremi Guido , Spada Julieta , Vasconcelos Rossana , Pavicic Tatjana , Sattler Sonja , Levin Melissa K , Tuck Wah Siew , Carroll Julia , Cook Sonya , Muka Taulant 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Although microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) and calcium hydroxylapatite– carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) have their individual strengths and have demonstrated effectiveness in aesthetic improvement and improving skin laxity, a combined treatment may sometimes be required to achieve comprehensive aesthetic enhancements that meet patients’ needs and preferences. This review systematically summarizes the available evidence on combined MFU-V and CaHA-CMC treatment. A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central. We included studies conducted in adults that examined the effectiveness, safety, and/or mechanism of action of combined MFU-V and CaHA-CMC treatment. Out of 4019 references, 11 studies, mainly pre-post studies, were included in this analysis. Overall, regardless of the area treated, improvements in global aesthetic scales, skin quality parameters, and patients’ satisfaction following combined treatment, accompanied by mild to moderate adverse effects, were found. In addition, histological studies indicated increased neocollagenesis and elastin synthesis posttreatment. Our review highlights promising outcomes from combined MFU-V and CaHA-CMC treatment. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of studies, further research is essential to gain a deeper understanding of this combined treatment's efficacy, safety, and applicability.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Lichen nitidus
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lichen nitidus (LN) is a rare inflammatory skin condition characterized by small, shiny, flat-topped papules, commonly affecting children and young adults. Its etiology remains unclear, though immune-mediated pathways are suspected. LN is often asymptomatic, with papules primarily on the trunk, upper limbs, and genitalia. Diagnosis relies on characteristic histopathology, notably a “claw clutching a ball” pattern. Though it often resolves spontaneously, LN may present persistently, sometimes requiring topical treatment. This review highlights LN's clinical, histological, and dermoscopic features, discusses variants and associated systemic conditions, and offers guidance for dermatologists in managing this distinct dermatosis.
Denosumab withdrawal increases vertebral fracture and mortality risk compared with zoledronate
Authors: Lu Ko-Hsiu , Wang Shiow-Ing , Yang Shun-Fa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Rebound vertebral fractures (VFs) after Denosumab (Dmab) withdrawal have been documented, highlighting the need for further research into this phenomenon and the importance of a well-planned strategy for discontinuing Dmab.

Methods
From the TriNetX US network, we enrolled osteoporosis patients aged 50 years or older who had withdrawn from at least two doses of Dmab and compared them with a matched cohort who had received at least one dose of zoledronate (ZOL) before discontinuation. We analyzed hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and conducted Kaplan-Meier analyses, along with subgroup analyses, drug discontinuation modification, and sensitivity analyses.

Results
After matching propensity scores (n = 10,422) between the two cohorts (Dmab: 11,104 and ZOL: 15,976), we found that the risks of VFs (HR = 1.479, 95% CI = 1.222−1.789) and its subcategories—thoracic (1.309, 1.023−1.674), lumbar (1.865, 1.425−2.440), and collapsed fractures (1.928, 1.462−2.542)—as well as all-cause mortality (1.588, 1.475−1.710), were significantly higher in the Dmab group compared with the ZOL group. Stratified analyses showed increased VF risks in Dmab patients who were female, aged 50-64, 65 years or older, and white, regardless of fracture history compared with those using ZOL.

Conclusion
After adjusting for drug discontinuation, Dmab showed an increased risk of VFs within the first two years, contributing to an elevated overall mortality risk. Sensitivity analyses revealed consistent results across different regions.
Market based emission reduction plan in the process of "double carbon": mechanism, effect and implementation environment
Authors: Yang Ke , Yu Wei , Wang Anqi , Zhao Tongtong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Based on a sample of prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2017, the policy effects of the “market-based mechanism”design of emission reduction tools are examined. The study concludes that China's carbon emissions trading system has a very significant emission reduction effect, and the market-based reform has a facilitating effect, while a reasonable corporate tax burden and environmental regulation intensity have a synergistic effect on the operational efficiency of the carbon market. It is also found that China's carbon emissions trading system has a significant impact on corporate R&D behavior, but its role needs to be further developed.
Efficient low rank matrix recovery with flexible group sparse regularization
Authors: Yu Quan , Bai Minru , Zhang Xinzhen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel approach to the low rank matrix recovery (LRMR) problem by casting it as a group sparsity problem. Specifically, we propose a flexible group sparse regularizer (FLGSR) that can group any number of matrix columns as a unit, whereas existing methods group each column as a unit. We prove the equivalence between the matrix rank and the FLGSR under some mild conditions, and show that the LRMR problem with either of them has the same global minimizers. We also establish the equivalence between the relaxed and the penalty formulations of the LRMR problem with FLGSR. We then propose an inexact restarted augmented Lagrangian method, which solves each subproblem by an extrapolated linearized alternating minimization method. We analyse the convergence of our method. Remarkably, our method linearizes each group of the variable separately and uses the information of the previous groups to solve the current group within the same iteration step. This strategy enables our algorithm to achieve fast convergence and high performance, which are further improved by the restart technique. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments on both grayscale images and high altitude aerial images to confirm the superiority of the proposed FLGSR and algorithm.
Type IV PilD mutant stimulates the formation of persister cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Qiu Huifang , Dai Weijun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates that lack motility do not express type IV pilin, yet the biological roles of this absence in the infection process remain poorly understood.

Objectives
We asked whether the absence of motility in these bacteria is associated with increased antibiotic persistence.

Methods
In this study, we analysed type IV PilD protein sequences in the database and conducted antibiotic-tolerant persister cell assays.

Results
We found that PilD variants were common in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Our results revealed that inactivation of PilD resulted in a significantly higher level of surviving persister cells following ciprofloxacin treatment. This PilD-mediated persistence did not involve previously described mechanisms, such as phenazine pyocyanin, biofilm or stringent response.

Conclusions
Our findings connect the non-motility of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates with the survival of persister cells, highlighting the clinical significance for the development of strategies to eradicate P. aeruginosa infections.
Anteroinferior iliac spine osteoplasty at the time of periacetabular osteotomy helps preserve preoperative range of motion
Authors: Shihab Wasim , Luck Connor , Oakley Jennifer , McClincy Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Iatrogenic femoroacetabular impingement following periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a well-documented cause of postoperative complications. The anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is an increasingly recognized source of impingement, and previous studies have documented high rates of abnormal AIIS subtypes in dysplastic hips undergoing PAO. This study evaluates the effects of PAO with concomitant AIIS osteoplasty on a range of motion and function. We performed a retrospective study of 63 hips that underwent PAO with concomitant open AIIS osteoplasty. AIIS was classified using 3D-reconstruction Computed tomography (CT) and femoral version was measured on axial-CT. Pre- and post.-operative lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis-angle, and anterior center-edge angle were calculated using X-ray imaging. Hip internal rotation (IR) at 90° flexion was recorded preoperatively, intraoperatively following PAO (pre- and postosteoplasty), and 6 months postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative Merle-d’Aubigné (MDA) scores were compared using pairwise t-test. IR motion changes were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analyses evaluated the impact of femoral version on IR before and after osteoplasty. MDA significantly improved postoperatively. Intraoperative IR prior to AIIS osteoplasty was significantly reduced compared to other timepoints, but addition of the osteoplasty improved IR intraoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. No differences were noted in IR between pre- and postoperative examination. The impact of IR restoration with AIIS osteoplasty correlated significantly with femoral version, with greater motion improvement noted in patients with lower version. When planning PAO, careful appreciation of motion parameters is critical. Regardless of AIIS morphology, consideration of an intraoperative AIIS osteoplasty should occur when IR is decreased following acetabular reorientation.
A randomized feasibility trial of Managing Your Health: a self-management and peer mentoring intervention for young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Kwok Gary , Levonyan-Radloff Kristine , Masterson Margaret , Ohman-Strickland Pamela , Pawlish Karen S , Burger Stasia S , Paddock Lisa E , Palermo Tonya M , Bouchard Elizabeth G , Manne Sharon L , Devine Katie A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Although childhood cancer survivors require lifelong “risk-based” follow-up care, most adult survivors do not receive such care, and many are lost during the transition from pediatric to adult follow-up care. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the “Managing Your Health” self-management and peer mentoring intervention to improve transition readiness and self-management skills among young adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods
Survivors of childhood cancer ages 18–25 years were randomized 1:1 to the Managing Your Health intervention (six video/phone calls with a peer mentor, another young adult survivor, and five online educational modules) or usual care. Feasibility was measured through enrollment rates, retention rates, and engagement and satisfaction with the intervention. Participants completed measures of transition readiness, self-efficacy, and perceived support at baseline and 2-, 6-, and 12-months post-enrollment.

Results
A total of 50 participants (Mage = 21.1 years; 60% male) enrolled (32% of the total pool was contacted; 76% of those were screened; 94% of those screening eligible enrolled). Twenty-two (88%) of the 25 intervention participants completed the peer mentor calls. On average, participants completed 96% of the online modules, often closely timed to peer mentor calls. Participants indicated high satisfaction and acceptability of the intervention and suggested some improvements to the online modules.

Conclusions
Managing Your Health was feasible and acceptable to young adult survivors and mentors. Peer mentors appeared to serve as supportive accountability agents encouraging engagement with the online modules. Additional refinements will be made to the intervention prior to efficacy testing.
Copaiba essential oil carried in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system improves adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Ames-Sibin Ana Paula , Chagas-Almeida Any Carolina , Souza Ana Beatriz P , Andrade Ana Paula M , Castro Juliana C , Ferreira Sabrina B S , Silva-Comar Francielli Maria S , Cuman Roberto K N , Bruschi Marcos L , Natali Maria Raquel M , Sá-Nakaninhi Anacharis B , Bracht Lívia , Bracht Adelar , Comar Jurandir F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Copaiba essential oil (CEO) is obtained through the distillation of copaiba balsam and has been used in the traditional medicine to treat inflammatory conditions. However, the highly lipophilic nature of CEO restricts its pharmaceutical use. This study evaluated the effect of CEO, carried in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), on articular and systemic inflammation and liver changes in Holtzman rats with Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis.

Methods
Healthy and arthritic rats received orally for 18 days the non-formulated CEO and the one carried in a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (FSNEDDS), both at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. The oral bioavailability of FSNEDDS was determined in healthy rats by quantifying the levels of β-caryophyllene in the plasma.

Key findings
FSNEDDS exhibited more than three times greater oral bioavailability compared to non-formulated CEO. This phenomenon allowed FSNEDDS (100 mg/kg) to effectively reduce adjuvant-induced articular and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic rats at a dose four times lower than copaiba balsam and β-caryophyllene. Furthermore, FSNEDDS did not alter the serum markers of liver damage, hepatic morphometry, and liver gluconeogenesis in healthy rats.

Conclusion
FSNEDDS was effective against arthritis in rats, and unlike copaiba balsam, it does not exhibit hepatotoxicity, suggesting it could serve as a phytotherapeutic alternative in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Session 4: Written Exposure (Part I) and Learning Progressive Muscle Relaxation (16 Muscle)
Authors: Beck J. Gayle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter covers the skills of written exposure and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Written exposure is a technique that helps clients build on the important work of real-life exposure and the role of cognitive avoidance. Creating a narrative of the traumatic event from their own perspective helps clients to become aware of the thoughts and emotions associated with the event in order to facilitate emotional processing of the event and to address cognitive avoidance. In this session the therapists will also introduce PMR, which is a tool that clients can use to reduce the physical (hyperarousal) symptoms of PTSD. Such tension is often present following a session of written exposure.
Session 5: Written Exposure (Part II) and Learning Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Seven Muscle)
Authors: Beck J. Gayle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses further practice with the written exposure and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) skills that were introduced in the previous session. By summarizing how clients’ perspectives on their traumatic events have changed by using the skills they have learned so far in this program, group members will learn to recognize and label their cognitive and emotional shifts. Clients will spend time during this session further developing their trauma narrative, working at their own pace. The chapter also outlines a streamlined version of PMR that focuses on seven muscle groups instead of 16. The shortened version is helpful when clients are pressed for time but want to engage in relaxation.
Session 9: Addressing Anger (Part I)—Using the A-B-C-D Approach
Authors: Beck J. Gayle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains how clients can address anger using the A-B-C-D approach, which was introduced in the prior session as a way to handle negative beliefs. Therapists should be aware that clients may be reluctant to discuss anger because it can be a taboo subject in our society. Clients can use the downward arrow technique, which was also introduced in the prior session, to drill down to the beliefs that drive their anger—centering on beliefs about oneself, other people, or the world. Clients can also learn to develop alternative beliefs to challenge their anger-related beliefs. Therapists should emphasize to clients that beliefs are only hypotheses, not necessarily facts.
Session 12: Rebuilding Your Social Connections
Authors: Beck J. Gayle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how clients can rebuild their social connections, as many individuals with PTSD lead relatively isolated lives. Social isolation tends to amplify negative mood states, weakens a person’s ability to cope with stress, and can compound other problems. In this session group members will discuss general changes in their social connections that have occurred since the trauma happened. Therapists will encourage them to begin to expand their social networks in ways that are positive and will open new opportunities for meaningful friendships. Social contact can serve as a form of stress reduction and a way to reduce negative emotions.
Session 4: Written Exposure (Part I) and Learning Progressive Muscle Relaxation (16 Muscle)
Authors: Beck J. Gayle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces two skills that will be important throughout this program: written exposure and progressive muscle relaxation. Just forgetting traumatic events may help for a little while, but the pain associated with the memories remains. Written exposure involves writing out a description of the traumatic events that the Veteran experienced, as they experienced them, thus allowing Veterans to process the emotional aspects of trauma. Progressive muscle relaxation involves gently tensing and then relaxing specific groups of muscles, while paying close attention to the feelings associated with both tension and relaxation. Progressive muscle relaxation can be used after written exposure, to regain a calm feeling. The importance of between group practice is discussed in this chapter as well.
Session 7: Working with Your Thoughts (Part II)—Becoming Aware of How You Think
Authors: Beck J. Gayle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses how Veterans can learn to become aware of how their thinking changes when they sense distress or threat. Cognitive shifts occur when clients are confronted with a trauma cue or any other cue that reminds them of a traumatic experience, which then affects their thoughts and perception. Recognizing cognitive shifts takes time and practice since these shifts have likely become a habit. Slowing down their thinking when stressed or anxious will help clients to become more aware of cognitive shifts. The chapter provides an overview of how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects cognitive shifts. such as filtering, polarized thinking, overgeneralization, and personalization. It offers a set of recommendations to unshift these changes.
Definition and terminology
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter we define self-harm and the main terms used to describe it. We discuss the relation between self-harm and suicide, the meaning of suicidal intent and considerations in assessing suicidal intent. In more detail, the definition of self-harm used in this book refers to an act with a non-fatal outcome in which a person does something with the intention of causing harm to themselves. What people do is divided broadly into self-poisoning or self-injury, and occasionally both at the same time. Not everybody agrees how to define or describe self-harm and the terms used have changed over time. We outline the common methods used in self-harm and the question of lethality of method.
Self-harm: The nature of the problem
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In introducing the epidemiology of self-harm, the chapter opens with a consideration of sources of data and the strengths and weaknesses of each. The authors review evidence of the frequency of self-harm across the lifespan and the relation between self-harm rates and gender—discussing reasons for age and gender-related differences. Minority groups are more at risk, including for example, the disabled, prisoners, gender and sexual minorities. Self-harm occurs in all countries, albeit with very different reported rates—one reason for which there may be differences in reporting and recording, especially in countries where there are legal, religious, or cultural prohibitions.