bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging and decision‐making competence: an analysis of comprehension and consistency skills in older versus younger adults considering health‐plan options
Authors: Finucane Melissa L. , Slovic Paul , Hibbard Judith H. , Peters Ellen , Mertz C. K. , MacGregor Donald G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOlder adults need to maintain strong decision‐making capabilities as they age. However, we know little about how age‐related physical and psychological changes affect older adults' judgment and decision processes. This paper reports the results of research comparing older versus younger adults' performance on evaluation and choice tasks about health‐plan options. In particular, comprehension and consistency in judgments (across separate versus joint evaluation contexts) were examined. Results indicated that increasing age was related to greater comprehension errors and inconsistent preferences, even when covariates (education, income, gender, self‐perceived skill and health, decision style, and attitude toward delegation) were taken into account. Discussion of the results emphasizes difficulties in interpreting the meaning of age differences in performance on decision tasks and the need for research that ascertains the seriousness of the consequences of age differences in real‐life tasks. The implications for providing decision‐aiding interventions for older adults are highlighted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA binding induces conformational transition within human DNA topoisomerase I in solution
Authors: Oleinikov Vladimir , Sukhanova Alyona , Mochalov Konstantin , Ustinova Olga , Kudelina Irina , Bronstein Igor , Nabiev Igor 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe employed Raman and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to probe the molecular structure of 68‐kDa recombinant human DNA topoisomerase I (TopoI) in solution, in a complex with a 16‐bp DNA fragment containing a camptothecin‐enhanced TopoI cleavage site, and in a ternary complex with this oligonucleotide and topotecan. Raman spectroscopy reveals a TopoI secondary structure transition and significant changes in the hydrogen bonding of the tyrosine residues induced by the DNA binding. CD spectroscopy confirms the Raman data and identifies a DNA‐induced (>7%) decrease of the TopoI α helix accompanied by at least a 6% increase of the β structure. The Raman DNA molecular signatures demonstrated a bandshift that is expected for a net change in the environment of guanine C6O groups from pairing to solvent exposure. The formation of a ternary cleavage complex with TopoI, DNA, and topotecan as probed by CD spectroscopy reveals neither additional modifications of the TopoI secondary structure nor of the oligonucleotide structure, compared to the TopoI–oligonucleotide complex. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 369–375, 2002
Anomalously high cooperativity of oligodeoxycytidylic acid for luminescence resonance energy transfer to lanthanide ions
Authors: Lee Jihee , Park Minyoung , Son Hyung Su , Lee Sang Bum , Lee Hee Cheon , Ku Ja Kang , Park Joon Won 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe luminescence of terbium(III) and europium(III) through luminescence resonance energy transfer from mononucleotides and oligodeoxynucleotides is examined. Among mononucleotides, dGMP gives the strongest luminescence of terbium(III), while dTMP and dCMP yield a luminescence intensity of europium(III) that is larger than the other two cases. In the homodeoxydecamers, decadeoxycytidylic acid (dC10) produces the highest intensity for both metals. The anomalously large cooperativity of dC10 is explained by the easiness of deformation of the helical structure to bind lanthanide ions, and a circular dichroism study supports this explanation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 413–420, 2002
Determination of isokinetic ratios necessary for equimolar incorporation of carboxylic acids in the solid‐phase synthesis of mixture‐based combinatorial libraries
Authors: Acharya Achyuta N. , Ostresh John M. , Houghten Richard A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe methods used to study the relative reaction rates of 45 different aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids when coupled to resin‐bound amino acid amides is described. Competition experiments involving the coupling of incoming carboxylic acids to resin‐bound amino acid amides were performed. The relative composition of each N‐acylated amino acid amide in the resulting mixtures was compared to controls prepared by physically mixing equal aliquots of individual compounds in order to study the relative reaction rates of the incoming carboxylic acids. The ratios of the incoming carboxylic acids were then iteratively adjusted to yield as close to equimolar products as possible. As expected, the steric and electronic nature of the incoming carboxylic acids was found to influence their relative reaction rates. The steric hindrance of the resin‐bound amino acid appears to have a proportional effect on the reaction rates of the incoming carboxylic acids. N‐acylated amino acid amides in the final mixtures, prepared using the final isokinetic ratios, were found to be approximately equimolar. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 65: 32–39, 2002
Three‐dimensional simulation of grain mixing in three different rotating drum designs for solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Schutyser M. A. I. , Weber F. J. , Briels W. J. , Boom R. M. , Rinzema A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA previously published two‐dimensional discrete particle simulation model for radial mixing behavior of various slowly rotating drums for solid‐state fermentation (SSF) has been extended to a three‐dimensional model that also predicts axial mixing. Radial and axial mixing characteristics were predicted for three different drum designs: (1) without baffles; (2) with straight baffles; and (3) with curved baffles. The axial mixing behavior was studied experimentally with video‐ and image‐analysis techniques. In the drum without baffles and with curved baffles the predicted mixing behavior matched the observed behavior adequately. The predicted axial mixing behavior in the drum with straight baffles was predicted less accurately, and it appeared to be strongly dependent on particle rotation, which was in contrast to the other drum designs. In the drum with curved baffles complete mixing in the radial and axial direction was achieved much faster than in the other designs; that is, it was already achieved after three to four rotations. This drum design may therefore be very well suited to SSF. It is concluded that discrete particle simulations provide valuable detailed knowledge about particle transport processes, and this may help to understand and optimize related heat and mass transfer processes in SSF. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 284–294, 2002.
Inverse metabolic engineering: A strategy for directed genetic engineering of useful phenotypes
Authors: Bailey James E. , Sburlati Adriana , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , Lee Kelvin , Renner Wolfgang A. , Tsai Philip S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe classical method of metabolic engineering, identifying a rate‐determining step in a pathway and alleviating the bottleneck by enzyme overexpression, has motivated much research but has enjoyed only limited practical success. Intervention of other limiting steps, of counter‐balancing regulation, and of unknown coupled pathways often confounds this direct approach. Here the concept of inverse metabolic engineering is codified and its application is illustrated with several examples. Inverse metabolic engineering means the elucidation of a metabolic engineering strategy by: first, identifying, constructing, or calculating a desired phenotype; second, determining the genetic or the particular environmental factors conferring that phenotype; and third, endowing that phenotype on another strain or organism by directed genetic or environmental manipulation. This paradigm has been successfully applied in several contexts, including elimination of growth factor requirements in mammalian cell culture and increasing the energetic efficiency of microaerobic bacterial respiration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 568–579, 2002.
A teen court evaluation with a therapeutic jurisprudence perspective
Authors: Weisz Victoria , Lott Roger C. , Thai Nghi D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTeen court defendants were assessed on several attitudinal measures when they entered and when they completed their teen court program. Teen court volunteers and high school civics students in a control group were assessed on the same measures at two points in time that approximated the length of teen court involvement for defendants. Re‐offense rates for defendants were assessed. In addition, defendants and their parents completed satisfaction surveys. The teen court experience did not significantly impact the attitudes and beliefs of either the defendants or the volunteers. The re‐offense rate for defendants was 13%, which is similar to other teen court programs and less than the re‐offense rate for the general diversion program in the county that was the target of the study. Since this teen court selected youth with the least serious delinquency activity (primarily shoplifting), conclusions about the program's effectiveness in reducing further offending cannot be made. Defendants and their parents reported high levels of satisfaction with their teen court experience but defendants became more alienated from institutional authority. This study did not support the teen court experience as having a generally beneficial impact on defendants or volunteers that would be expected from a therapeutic jurisprudence perspective. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐examination, sexual abuse and child witness identity
Authors: Westcott Helen L , Page Marcus 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents extracts from cross‐examinations with child witnesses who are alleged victims of child sexual abuse. The manner in which cross‐examination may present a challenge to the child's identity as child, victim and witness is discussed. Specifically, the child may be portrayed as ‘unchildlike’, for example in their experience of sexual relationships or in their sexual knowledge. They may be portrayed as less than innocent, through references to previous contacts with social services or to other behaviours such as delinquency. Child witnesses may be depicted as instigators rather than victims, seducing the adult or seeking revenge through sexual allegations. Finally, children are easily accused of being poor witnesses, as being confused, untruthful and having fallible memories. The paper considers the dynamics and potential impact of such cross‐examination practice within Finkelhor's framework of four traumagenics of sexual abuse: traumatic sexualization, betrayal, powerlessness and stigmatization. The potential for poorly conducted cross‐examinations to create further problems for child witnesses, particularly in the area of identity, is highlighted, and it is suggested traumagenic factors in such cross‐examinations may resemble those of abuse. The paper discusses practice implications for cross‐examination, judicial intervention and witness support following implementation of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 in England and Wales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and safety of concomitant left internal mammary arteriography at the setting of the right transradial coronary angiography
Authors: Cha Kwang Soo , Kim Moo Hyun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the feasibility and safety of concomitant left internal mammary artery (LIMA) angiography at the setting of the right transradial coronary angiography (TRCA). LIMA angiography was performed using a 5 Fr Simmons‐type catheter with a newly modified tip in 184 consecutive patients. The catheter was reformed in the descending (new method) or ascending (traditional method) aorta and manipulated to cannulate the left subclavian artery and LIMA orifice. LIMA angiography was performed selectively in 164 patients (89%) and semiselectively (when the catheter tip reached and was directed to the mammary artery orifice) in 20 patients. There were no procedure‐related complications. The image quality of all the semiselective angiograms was also determined satisfactory. Total procedural time was 223 ± 168 sec. The catheter was reformed using the new method in 160 patients (87%). The catheter reformation time and total procedure time were significantly shorter with the new method than with the traditional method (18 ± 8 vs. 117 ± 115 sec, p = 0.000; 204 ± 191 vs. 309 ± 139 sec, p = 0.021, respectively). In conclusion, LIMA angiography can be performed readily and safely at the setting of the right TRCA using a Simmons‐type catheter. The image quality of the LIMA angiograms is sufficient to obviate the need of the second preoperative angiography via another route. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:188–195. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinal embolization during carotid angioplasty and stenting: Mechanisms and role of cerebral protection systems
Authors: Wilentz James R. , Chati Zukai , Krafft Veronique , Amor Max 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCarotid stenting has become an accepted alternative to endarterectomy, but fear of embolic stroke has impeded its generalized application. The retina provides a unique observatory for the study of emboli, which may occur either directly or indirectly via collaterals to the ophthalmic artery. Systems under development for cerebral protection differ in their capacity to trap small emboli and in their protection of the collateral circulation. We evaluated 118 sequential patients undergoing carotid stenting using fundoscopy, fluorescein retinal angiography, and visual field examination. The site and size of emboli was assessed, and degree of edema estimated. All patients were treated using distal protection during carotid stent implantation: 38 patients with the Théron system (using routine flushing toward the external carotid) and 80 patients with the Percusurge® system (aspiration only). Retinal embolization occurred in 6 of the 118 patients (4%), of whom 2 were symptomatic (1.7%). Using the Théron system, 5 of 38 patients (13.2%) had emboli while 1 of 80 (1.25%) had emboli using the Percusurge system (P = 0.019). Symptoms occurred only with emboli >20 μm. Symptomatic retinal embolization is uncommon during carotid stenting, but is more likely when external to internal carotid collaterals are not protected. Cerebral protection system designs should take into consideration the existence of collaterals and the need to protect against smaller sized emboli, which may cause blindness in the retinal circulation. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:320–327. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial and late results after catheter intervention for neonatal critical pulmonary valve stenosis and atresia with intact ventricular septum: A technique in continual evolution
Authors: Weber Howard S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCritical pulmonary valve stenosis or atresia with intact ventricular septum is a rare congenital cardiac defect that can be technically difficult to alleviate in the catheterization laboratory. Over the past 10 years, several techniques and modifications with variable results have been advocated to facilitate the valvuloplasty procedure. This report describes a single operator's experience using various techniques in 28 neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis or atresia who were considered candidates for transcatheter intervention. The first two patients underwent a gradational balloon valvuloplasty approach that resulted in prolonged fluoroscopy exposure. Thereafter, a “snare assisted” umbilical artery approach was developed which facilitated the valvuloplasty procedure and resulted in significantly fewer balloons used and shorter fluoroscopy times. Early in our experience, stiff guidewire perforation of atretic pulmonary valves was used, whereas in our last two patients, a simplified perforation technique with a new 0.9‐mm excimer laser catheter was used. Late echocardiographic and clinical follow‐up evaluation in 27 patients demonstrates persistent gradient relief, resolution of tricuspid valve insufficiency, and elimination of right to left shunting at the atrial level. Balloon valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for critical pulmonary valve stenosis or atresia with intact ventricular septum. When necessary, the use of umbilical artery “snare assistance” facilitates the valvuloplasty technique and shortens procedure time while laser perforation is currently preferable for perforation of the atretic pulmonary valve. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:394–399. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivariate image segmentation based on geometrically guided fuzzy C‐means clustering
Authors: Noordam J. C. , van den Broek W. H. A. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a new approach to geometrically guided fuzzy clustering. A modified version of fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering, conditional FCM, is extended to incorporate a priori geometrical information from the spatial domain in order to improve image segmentation. This leads to a new algorithm (GGC‐FCM) where the cluster guidance is determined by the membership values of neighbouring pixels. GGC‐FCM is tested on synthetic and real images to demonstrate the improved image segmentation compared to traditional FCM. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phenomenological study of ripening of salted herring. Assessing homogeneity of data from different countries and laboratories
Authors: Bro Rasmus , Nielsen Henrik Hauch , Stefánsson Guðmundur , Skåra Torstein 
Published: October 2002

AbstractData from ripening experiments of herring carried out at three Nordic fishery research institutions in the period 1992–1995 were collected and analyzed by multivariate analysis. The experiments were carried out at different times, with different stocks as raw material, using different types of treatments and analyzed in different laboratories. The question considered here is whether these data can be assumed to be one homogeneous set of data pertaining to ripening of salted herring or whether data from different labs, stocks, etc. must be considered independently. This is of importance for further research into ripening processes with these and similar data. It is shown in this paper that all data can be considered as one homogeneous data set. This is verified using resampling where latent structures are compared between different sample sets. This is done indirectly by testing regression models, that have been developed on one sample set, on other sample sets. It is also done directly by monitoring the deviation in latent structure observed between different sample sets. No formal statistical test is developed for whether samples can be assumed to stem from the same population. Although this can easily be envisioned, it was exactly the need for a more intuitive and visual test that prompted this work, developing different exploration tools that visually make it clear how well the data can be assumed to derive from the same population. Subsequently analyzing the data as one homogeneous group provides new information about factors that govern the ripening of salted herring and can be used in new strategic research as well as in industrial practice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling near‐infrared signals for on‐line monitoring in cheese manufacture
Authors: Mertens B. J. A. , O'Donnell C. P. , O'Callaghan D. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper considers the analysis of a continuously monitored near‐infrared reflectance signal at a single wavelength for the calibration of a process parameter in an application to food engineering for quality control. We describe how we may summarize the information in the observed signals by postulating an explicit statistical model on the signal. An exploratory data analysis may then be carried out on the profile summaries to evaluate whether and how the functional data provide information on the parameter which we would like to calibrate. From a conceptual point of view, such an approach is not dissimilar to principal component regression methods which use an intermediate decomposition through which information is summarised for calibration of a response. The paper demonstrates how the approach leads to important insights into the manner in which the functional data provide the required information on the desired outcome variable, in the context of the practical application in quality control which is discussed and by using a designed experiment. Calculations are implemented through the Gibbs sampler. Calibration of the prediction equation takes place through meta‐analysis of the summarized profile data in order to take the uncertainty inherent in the summaries into account. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of mass spectra from organic compounds assumed to be present in cometary grains. Exploratory data analysis
Authors: Werther W. , Demuth W. , Krueger F. R. , Kissel J. , Schmid E. R. , Varmuza K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFrom about 60 organic compounds, mass spectra have been measured by 252Cf ionization mass spectrometry (PDMS). The substances and the data are relevant for future experiments near a comet by the space research project COSIMA (a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for secondary ions) on board of the ESA mission ROSETTA. The spectra have been transformed into a set of appropriate spectral features (x‐variables); the corresponding chemical structures have been characterized by binary substructure descriptors (y‐variables). PLS‐2 mappings exhibit good correlations between the x‐ and the y‐components. PLS spectrum–substructure mappings supported the detection of structural classes that are well reflected by spectral data. PCA with spectral data was less efficient for this purpose. The found structural classes are candidates for the development of spectral classifiers for the COSIMA project. Interpretation of the loading plots indicated spectral properties which are characteristic for substance classes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of orthogonal signal correction algorithms and their characteristics
Authors: Svensson O. , Kourti T. , MacGregor J. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSix different algorithms for orthogonal signal correction (OSC) are studied and compared both from an algorithmic point of view and from a prediction and analysis point of view. The algorithms have appeared under the names OSC (three alternative algorithms), direct orthogonalization (DO) and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS). These algorithms can be divided into two groups. The first group has the ability to reduce the number of PLS components in the calibration models significantly by removing only one orthogonal component. The second group reduces the complexity of the calibration model by one PLS component for each orthogonal component removed. The methods are evaluated and compared using both simulated and real calibration data sets. In some cases the OSC algorithms can have quite different behaviors, such as when non‐linearities are present. However, in all cases we have studied, none of the OSC algorithms provided a significant improvement in the calibration models over using PLS on the raw data. The main advantage with OSC may lie in the possibly easier interpretation and understanding from the analysis of corrected data. Analysis of the orthogonal information removed with OSC might also be beneficial. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.