bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of frequency signal induced by quantum vacuum with optical frequency comb
Authors: chen guanyue , Shen Xiaofei , Wang Jing , Jin Shan , Zhang Yi , Zhu Shaoping , He Xiantu , Lei Bifeng , Qiao Bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The properties of the non-trivial quantum state in an all-optical environment come mainly from the higher-order Quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect, which remains one of the few unverified predictions of this theory due to its weak signal. Here, we propose a scheme specifically designed to detect this quantum vacuum, where a tightly focused pump laser interacts with an optical frequency comb (OFC) in its resonant cavity. When the OFC pulse passes through the vacuum polarized by the high-intensity pump laser, its carrier frequency and envelope change. This can be intuitively understood as the asymmetric photon acceleration induced by the ponderomotive force of the pump laser. By leveraging the exceptional ultrahigh frequency and temporal resolution of the OFC, this scheme holds the potential to improve the accuracy of quantum vacuum signal. Combining theoretical and simulation results, we discuss possible experimental conditions, and the detectable OFC signal is shown to be orders of magnitude better than the instrumental detection threshold. This shows our scheme can be verified on the forthcoming laser systems.
Swapping dynamics of composite knots in a stretched polymer under Nanochannel
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Li Yong , Deng Zhouhui , Feng Yuyu , Liu Zuoshan , Tan Rongri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, Langevin dynamics simulations were carried out to thoroughly investigate the swapping process of composite knots under tension conditions in a cuboid nanochannel. From our analysis, the free energy profiles of knot swapping under different conditions were extracted from the overall probability distribution of the relative distance between the centers of composite knots. In addition,&#xD;the impact of the reduced force, confinement size, and bending stiffness on the free energy profiles was directly identified. Especially, the influence of topology structure is for the first time reported. The increasing reduced force in a fixed confinement or the confinement size under a constant reduced force does not alter their respective equilibrium populations at the separate state and the entangled&#xD;state. In contrast, a bending stiffness larger than 15 enhanced the formation of the entangled state. The topology structure of the 51 knot, which was different from the 52 knot, resulted in forming a metastable state in the free energy profiles. The increasing reduced forces yielded an enhancement of the following free energy barrier.
Comparison of plasma start-up with high Z and low Z first wall in WEST
Authors: Guillemaut C. , Afonin K. , Bodner G. , Bucalossi J. , Corre Y. , Devynck P. , Diallo A. , Diez M. , Fedorczak N. , Gallo A. , Guillermin B. , Lapleigne V. , Lunsford R. , Maget P. , Morales J. , Moreau Ph. ,   the WEST Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The choice of first wall material is of paramount importance for the plasma start-up conditions in ITER and future fusion power plants. In this context, the present work focuses on the correlations between first wall impurity sources and total radiated power during plasma start-up in the tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST). The objective is to highlight experimental indications for a preferable combination of start-up plasma scenario and first wall materials. Until 2019, WEST featured a full high Z first wall with all limiters exposing only W surfaces to the plasma. To study the impact of a low Z first wall in WEST, boron nitride tiles were installed in the central part of the inner and outer limiters in 2020. Although visible spectroscopy and bolometry measurements show respectively a strong weakening of the WI line intensity on the limiters and a reduction of radiated power after the changeover, a degradation occurs with the accumulation of plasma exposure. In addition, the different plasma facing elements of the main chamber do not influence equally the radiated power during start-up. In both high Z and low Z environments, a clear non-linear dependence is found between the start-up radiated power and the outer limiter W impurity source. Since W seems to be the main cause for core radiation, correlation between outer limiter W sources and other impurity sources are investigated. Finally, analysis of the legacy of B powder drops on a number of start-up plasmas suggests that it is less effective at reducing radiated power when the first wall is covered with W.
Bridging the gap between defossilization and decarbonization to achieve net-zero industry
Authors: Griffiths Steven , Sovacool Benjamin , Iskandarova Marfuga , Walnum Hans Jakob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the compatibility of broad decarbonization efforts, as embodied in the circular carbon economy (CCE) framework, with a narrower concept of defossilization in achieving net-zero industry. Through case studies of the United States, Norway, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), we analyze national industrial decarbonization strategies and present findings from extensive fieldwork, including 139 expert interviews and 124 site visits supplemented with document analysis. Our results reveal that CCE and defossilization, which is defined as decarbonization through the elimination of fossil fuel extraction and use, are potentially compatible concepts in the long-term pursuit of net-zero industry. The CCE approach, which incorporates energy efficiency, renewable energy, electrification, low-carbon fuels, and carbon capture, utilization and storage, particularly offers a practical pathway for oil and gas (O&G) producing countries to transition towards net-zero industrial emissions. CCE allows these and similar countries to balance environmental goals with technical, economic, social and political challenges associated with defossilization. The case studies demonstrate that all three countries are adopting CCE strategies tailored to their unique contexts. The US emphasizes a portfolio approach integrating multiple technologies, the UAE focuses on leveraging existing fossil fuel infrastructure for CCE efforts, and Norway capitalizes on its abundant renewable resources while investing in carbon capture and storage and hydrogen projects utilizing its extensive O&G sector expertise and resources. Key policy recommendations include technology and policy leadership from countries pursuing a CCE framework, encouragement of public–private partnerships in the deployment of CCE technologies and ensuring social equity as net-zero industry is pursued in the near and long term. We also summarize existing approaches, pathways, and frameworks for industrial decarbonization, as well as barriers and challenges. We lastly call for further research on integration of CCE and defossilization visions, strategies and roadmaps and a strong focus on international cooperation in achieving net-zero industry.
Internal structure of gauge-invariant projected entangled pair states
Authors: Blanik David , Garre-Rubio José , Molnár András , Zohar Erez 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are very useful in the description of strongly correlated systems, partly because they allow encoding symmetries, either global or local (gauge), naturally. In recent years, PEPS with local symmetries have increasingly been used in the study of non-perturbative regimes of lattice gauge theories, most prominently as a way to construct variational ansatz states depending only on a small number of parameters and yet capturing the relevant physical properties. For the case of one-dimensional PEPS (matrix product states—MPS) a bidirectional connection was established between the internal structure of the tensor network, i.e. the mathematical properties of the constituent tensors, and the symmetry. In higher dimensions this has only been done for global symmetries, where in the local (gauge) case it is known only how to construct gauge-invariant states, but not what the symmetry implies on the internal structure of the PEPS. In the present work we complete this missing piece and study the internal structure of PEPS with a gauge symmetry. The PEPS we consider consist of matter and gauge field tensors placed on the vertices and edges, respectively, of arbitrary graphs.
Simulation of fluid flow with Cuprophan and AN69ST membranes in the dialyzer during hemodialysis
Authors: Ortega José Luis Velázquez , López Aldo Gómez , López Esteban Adrian Romero 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hemodialysis is a crucial procedure for removing toxins and waste from the body when kidneys fail to perform this function effectively. This study addresses the need to improve the efficiency and biocompatibility of membranes used in dialyzers. We simulate fluid flow through two types of membranes, Cuprophan (cellulosic) and AN69ST (synthetic), to understand the complex mechanisms involved and quantify key variables such as pressure, concentration, and flow. This study presents a detailed model that applies mass conservation equations and Navier-Stokes principles adapted for porous media, along with heat and mass transfer considerations. The results revealed significant differences in the flow behavior and filtration efficiency between the two membranes, highlighting the superiority of the AN69ST membrane in terms of flow rate and toxin removal. This model serves as a valuable tool for characterizing new porous membranes in dialysis applications, enabling the prediction of the temperature, pressure, and concentration profiles. By providing this information without requiring extensive experimentation, the model complements the design and evaluation of new membranes and, optimizes their development. The ability to predict these profiles is crucial because they directly influence the parameters that determine treatment effectiveness. Moreover, this study underscores the importance of continued innovation in membrane materials and designs, contributing to improved clinical outcomes and treatment efficiency, representing a significant advancement in healthcare.
Quantum thermal machine as a rectifier
Authors: Santiago-García M , Pusuluk O , Müstecaplıoğlu Ö E , Çakmak B , Román-Ancheyta R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study a chain of interacting individual quantum systems connected to heat baths at different temperatures on both ends. Starting with the two-system case, we thoroughly investigate the conditions for heat rectification (asymmetric heat transport), compute thermal conductance, and generalize the results to longer chains. We find that heat rectification in the weak coupling regime can be independent of the chain length and that negative differential thermal conductance occurs. We also examine the relationship between heat rectification with entanglement and the entropy production. In the strong coupling regime, the system exhibits an asymmetric Rabi-type splitting in the thermal conductance, leading to enhanced heat transport and improved rectification inaccessible in the weak coupling. This setup represents the simplest quantum thermal machine that consumes incoherent resources and delivers entanglement while acting as a rectifier and heat valve.
Fine pitch superconducting interconnects obtained with Nb–Nb direct bonding
Authors: Thomas Candice , Renaud Pablo , Guergour Meriem , Deschaseaux Edouard , Dubarry Christophe , Guillaume Jennifer , Vermande Elisa , Campo Alain , Fournel Frank , Hijazi Hadi , Papon Anne-Marie , Pellissier Catherine , Charbonnier Jean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For cryogenic systems, the development of superconducting interconnects is nowadays essential to reach large-scale integration schemes while addressing the associated challenges of signal dispersion and cross talk as well as thermal management. To achieve interconnects with micrometer and potentially sub-micrometer pitches, we investigate wafer-to-wafer direct bonding of Nb pads, using 200 mm processes developed for Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding and for Nb routing levels. Contrarily to standard hybrid bonding, the Nb pads of these interconnects are surrounded by air instead of dielectric to reduce signal and thermal losses in between the wafers. We report on the fabrication and characterization of this technology using 20–7 μm-pitch direct bonded Nb pads. Transmission electron microscopy of the bonded interface and wafer-level parametric tests at 300 K of various daisy chains assess the bonding quality with a yield exceeding 90%. Low temperature electrical measurements in a cryostat demonstrate the promise of these interconnects with a critical temperature of 4.6 K, a critical magnetic field of 3.2 T and a critical current density of 1.25 kA/cm2 at 2 K and 0 T for 10 µm × 10 μm bonded Nb pads.
Arithmetic Quotients of the Bruhat-Tits Building for Projective General Linear Group in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Kondo Satoshi , Yasuda Seidai 
Published: January 2025

Let

d
≥
1

d \ge 1

. We study a subspace of the space of automorphic forms of

G
L

d

\mathrm {GL}_d

over a global field of positive characteristic (or, a function field of a curve over a finite field). We fix a place

∞
\infty

of

F
F

, and we consider the subspace

A

S
t

\mathcal {A}_{\mathrm {St}}

consisting of automorphic forms such that the local component at

∞
\infty

of the associated automorphic representation is the Steinberg representation (to be made precise in the text).

We have two results.

One theorem (Theorem 5.4.2) describes the constituents of

A

S
t

\mathcal {A}_{\mathrm {St}}

as automorphic representation and gives a multiplicity one type statement.

For the other theorem (Theorem 4.5.1), we construct, using the geometry of the Bruhat-Tits building, an analogue of modular symbols in

A

S
t

\mathcal {A}_{\mathrm {St}}

integrally (that is, in the space of

Z

\mathbb {Z}

-valued automorphic forms). We show that the quotient is finite when a level is fixed and give a bound on the exponent of this quotient.
Stochasticity and invasion fronts
Authors: Phillips Ben 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter shows that chance events (stochasticity) can play a major role in invasions. This chapter explains the ecological sources of stochasticity, and how we might incorporate this stochasticity into our understanding. This chapter shows that chance events in reproduction and dispersal all combine to make real-world invasions difficult to predict. In aggregate, these chance events can also cause invasions to move slower, or faster, than they would otherwise.
The French Divergence
Authors: Briggs Jonathyne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter lays out the historical context for the interpretation of autism in France, detailing the influence of psychoanalysis in defining aspects and diagnosis since the first cases were recognized. The norms of family, the influence of the natalist movement, and the belief in the regenerative properties of youth in the postwar period were challenged by autistic persons, especially children who received attention from professionals. Coupled with approaches that concerned the role of the mother in the development of autism, psychoanalysis became the accepted intervention and entrenched the experience of autism in childhood. This combination led parents to become activists against psychoanalysis after their initial support of the efforts of analysts. The strength of psychoanalysis led to a divergence of treatment from psychological norms elsewhere in the Western world.
Inclusion of health equity language in recruitment materials for postgraduate pharmacy residencies
Authors: Vas Sarah , Kumar Akshara , Schowe Jessica , Reyes Jasmine , Krout Taylor , Miller Monica L , Karwa Rakhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The study objective was to analyze the use of health equity (HE)– and social determinants of health (SDOH)–related language within pharmacy residency websites and recruitment materials.

Methods
Using the ASHP residency directory of 2022, a randomly selected sample of postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and PGY1/PGY2 programs from each state were analyzed. After search terms were selected from HE/SDOH resources, each program’s residency-specific webpages (RSWs) and institution-specific webpages (ISWs) were searched and given a score based on the frequency of identified terms. The primary outcome was the number of programs with at least one identified instance of HE/SDOH terms. Additional outcomes included the frequency of HE/SDOH terms on ISWs or RSWs and program score distribution. Outcomes were also evaluated among programs in medically underserved areas (MUAs).

Results
Three hundred eighteen programs were included, of which 205 (64%) included HE/SDOH language within RSWs, ISWs, or both. Of these 205 programs, 126 programs (61%) included language only on ISWs. The number of programs that only had one instance of HE/SDOH terms on either category of webpages, or had a score of 1, was 128 programs (40.2% of the total of 318 programs). Of the 111 programs in MUAs (35%), 66 (59.5%) included HE/SDOH language within the ISWs.

Conclusion
Most evaluated programs, including those in MUAs, lacked language specifically identifying their focus and work around HE/SDOH within their residency promotional materials.
Gene-ius at work: Hemophilia B treatment enters a new era
Authors: Northington Madison W , Rice Sarah E , Holmes Abigail L , Watts Alexander Courtney S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Disclaimer
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Purpose
Hemophilia B is a rare, hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor IX (FIX). Traditional therapeutic strategies involve an economically and physically burdensome combination of prophylactic and episodic (ie, on-demand) administration of clotting factor concentrates (CFCs). The first gene therapy for hemophilia B, etranacogene dezaparvovec (Hemgenix), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2022, with approval for fidanacogene elaparvovec (Beqvez) following in April 2024, produced by CSL Behrig and Pfizer, respectively. This literature review aims to provide an overview of current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hemophilia B, introducing and focusing on the efficacy and safety of the novel gene therapies etranacogene dezaparvovec and fidanacogene elaparvovec.

Summary
Both FDA-approved hemophilia B gene therapies, etranacogene dezaparvovec and fidanacogene elaparvovec, utilize adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for delivery of the gene encoding FIX. Each of these medications has a distinct AAV serotype, but they have the same treatment modality, with the goal of curing the disease and reducing or eliminating prophylactic CFC requirements. Despite their different AAV serotypes, both products deliver a functional copy of the gene encoding the Padua variant (variant R338L) of human FIX. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy in increasing FIX concentrations leading to reduced frequency of spontaneous bleeding episodes; however, safety and response durability remain concerns.

Conclusion
For the first time in history, individuals with hemophilia B have access to potentially curative therapies through gene therapy. Both etranacogene dezaparvovec and fidanacogene elaparvovec offer significant efficacy, reducing the number of bleeding episodes and raising FIX concentrations with a single lifetime administration. While concerns remain regarding long-term safety and durability, these therapies represent a major advancement in reducing treatment burden and improving quality of life for patients. The future of hemophilia B management now holds the promise of greater independence from frequent prophylactic treatments.
Contrasting habitat associations and ecophysiological adaptations drive interspecific growth differences among Himalayan high-mountain plants
Authors: Chondol Thinles , Klimeš Adam , Hiiesalu Inga , Altman Jan , Čapková Kateřina , Jandová Veronika , Kopecký Martin , Macek Martin , Řeháková Klára , Doležal Jiří 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Understanding interspecific differences in plant growth rates and their internal and external drivers is key to predicting species responses to ongoing environmental changes. Annual growth rates vary among plants based on their ecological preferences, growth forms, ecophysiological adaptations and evolutionary history. However, the relative importance of these factors remains unclear, particularly in high-mountain ecosystems experiencing rapid changes.

Methods
We examined how habitat associations, elevational optima, growth forms, and ecophysiological and anatomical traits influence interspecific differences in radial growth rates among 324 vascular dicot species naturally occurring in the western Himalayas. Growth rates were determined from annual ring width measurements on the oldest plant sections of over 7800 individuals from a range of habitats (desert, steppe, wetland, alpine, subnival), growth forms (perennial tap-rooted, rhizomatous, cushiony, woody) and climatic gradients (elevations of 2650–6150 m).

Key Results
Habitat associations accounted for 24 % of the variability in interspecific growth rates. Adding growth form and height increased the explanation to 42 %, and incorporating plant functional traits further improved predictions to 46 %. Growth rates were higher in warmer, drier conditions and lower in cold, wet environments. Subnival cushion plants had the slowest growth, while ruderal plants grew the fastest. Desert plants showed higher growth rates, reflecting their drought adaptive strategies, while wetland forbs had lower growth rates due to increased resource competition. Growth was positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content and non-structural carbohydrates (mainly fructans), due to enhanced photosynthesis and stress tolerance, and negatively correlated with leaf carbon and root nitrogen content.

Conclusion
Our study of 324 dicot species in the western Himalayas suggests that plant growth in high elevations is determined by a combination of habitat conditions, morphological traits and ecophysiological adaptations. Growth variations among the highest-growing angiosperms reflect adaptive strategies along the global ‘fast–slow’ and ‘acquisitive–conservative’ spectrums. These results underscore the importance of habitat-specific studies for predicting plant growth responses to environmental changes, emphasizing a species-specific approach for effective conservation in fragile ecosystems.
Advances of computational methods enhance the development of multi-epitope vaccines
Authors: Wei Yiwen , Qiu Tianyi , Ai Yisi , Zhang Yuxi , Xie Junting , Zhang Dong , Luo Xiaochuan , Sun Xiulan , Wang Xin , Qiu Jingxuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vaccine development is one of the most promising fields, and multi-epitope vaccine, which does not need laborious culture processes, is an attractive alternative to classical vaccines with the advantage of safety, and efficiency. The rapid development of algorithms and the accumulation of immune data have facilitated the advancement of computer-aided vaccine design. Here we systemically reviewed the in silico data and algorithms resource, for different steps of computational vaccine design, including immunogen selection, epitope prediction, vaccine construction, optimization, and evaluation. The performance of different available tools on epitope prediction and immunogenicity evaluation was tested and compared on benchmark datasets. Finally, we discuss the future research direction for the construction of a multiepitope vaccine.