bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positionspapier zur Implementierung eines nationalen organisierten Programms in Deutschland zur Früherkennung von Lungenkrebs in Risikopopulationen mittels Low-dose-CT-Screening inklusive Management von abklärungsbedürftigen Screeningbefunden
Authors: Blum Torsten Gerriet , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Andreas Stefan , Bauer Torsten T. , Barkhausen Jörg , Harth Volker , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Pankow Wulf , Welcker Katrin , Kaaks Rudolf , Hoffmann Hans ,   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin: Prof. Dr. med. Wolfram Windisch, Prof. Dr. med. Christian Taube, Prof. Dr. med. Torsten T. Bauer, Prof. Dr. med. Antje Prasse,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie: Dr. med. Katrin Welcker, Dr. med. Ludger Hillejan, Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Stefan Hofmann, PD Dr. med. habil. Robert Scheubel, Dr. med. Erich Hecker, Prof. Dr. med. Corinna Ludwig, Prof. Dr. med. Thorsten Walles, Prof. Dr. med. Hauke Winter,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft: Prof. Dr. med. Konstantin Nikolaou, Prof. Dr. med. Jörg Barkhausen, Prof. Dr. med. Christiane Kuhl, Dr. rer. nat. Frank Anton, Dr. med. Stefan Neuman, Prof. Dr. med. Arnd Dörfler, PD Dr. med. Friederike Körber, Prof. Dr. rer. medic. Martin Fiebich, Prof. Dr. med. Gerald Antoch, Dr. med. Kerstin Westphalen, Prof. Dr. Ulrike Attenberger, Prof. Dr. med. Frank Wacker, Prof. Dr. med. Johannes Weßling
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Prozess zur Implementierung der Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit Niedrigdosis-CT (LDCT) in Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Dynamik gewonnen. Es wird erwartet, dass der von den Fachgesellschaften kommentierte Referentenentwurf des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV) zur Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung noch bis Ende 2023 in Kraft tritt. Basierend auf dieser Verordnung wird der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) zeitnah ein Programm zur Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit LDCT aufsetzten. In diesem Positionspapier stellen die im Lungenkrebsscreening beteiligten Fachgesellschaften erstmals konkrete Eckpunkte für ein einheitliches, strukturiertes und qualitätsgesichertes Früherkennungsprogramm für Lungenkrebs in Deutschland vor, um zu diesem Prozess konstruktiv beizutragen.
Micro-Surgical Treatment of Fetal Myelomeningocele
Authors: Mufarrej Gabriel , Castillo Gonzalo , Brandão Maria Anna , Penteado João Ricardo , Braga Jair , Filho Paulo Niemeyer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common malformation of the central nervous system compatible with life. We will report the results obtained with the prenatal closure of MMC at the Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN).
Objectives Clinical outcome of fetuses undergoing intrauterine MMC repair by the Peralta mini-hysterotomy. Monitor the reduction of Arnold-Chiari II secondary to MMC, reduction of hydrocephalus and also motor development in these children.
Methods Descriptive study of 26 cases with intrauterine MMC repair by mini-hysterotomy, or Peralta technique, performed at the IECPN from December 2017 to February 2020.
Results Between December 2017 and February 2020, 26 pregnant women with children with MMC were operated on using Peralta technique. Fetuses were born at an average gestational age of 34.2 weeks and 8% were born before 30 weeks of gestation. The average birth weight was 2096g. It was possible to observe a significant reduction in the occurrence of Arnold-Chiari II in these patients, as well as an evident improvement in motor function in the neurological examination of these babies at the end of the first month of life, where 20 of 23 babies had active movement in the lower limbs.
Discussion This study demonstrates the correction of fetal MMC through a mini-hysterotomy of 2.5 to 3.5 cm, developed in order to reduce maternal and fetal mortality. This mini-hysterotomy technique is not a minimally invasive procedure, as it is based on open surgery for the treatment of fetal MMC, as recommended by the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS).
Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced 3D Imaging with 2D Imaging in the Evaluation of Perianal Fistula at 3T: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: KV Abdulla , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Sherene Haleema , Ethiraju Vijayakumaran , Ranganathan Rupa , SM Gowtham , Rajasekaran Sriman , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction Perianal fistula and its recurrence is a challenging entity for surgeons. It is a well-establi1shed fact that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings influence surgical procedures and reduce the rate of recurrence. In this study, we assessed the contrast-enhanced (CE) three dimensional T1 sequences [sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) and volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE)] in a 3T MRI system to evaluate perianal fistulas and compared them with two-dimensional (2D) sequences.
Materials and Methods Forty-four patients (mean age, 38.8 ± 15.3 [standard deviation]; 32 males, 12 females) with perianal fistula were included in this prospective study. The patients underwent conventional noncontrast, 2D sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging, followed by postcontrast, 2D T1 images in both axial and coronal planes, and 3D sequences at 3T. Acquisition times were recorded for each sequence. Each postcontrast sequence was evaluated in terms of image quality, presence of artifacts, fistula type, presence of an abscess, visibility, and number of internal orifices. The surgical findings were considered the gold standard. The imaging findings were compared with the surgical findings.
Results In all three sequences, the fistula type and abscess were identified correctly in all patients. The sensitivity value for identification of ramifications utilizing CE 3D T1 VIBE sequence, CE 3D T1 SPACE, and CE 2D T1 images was 100, 86, and 36%, respectively. The number of internal orifices was identified by the CE 3D T1 VIBE and CE 3D T1 SPACE sequences in 100 and 92% of patients, respectively. CE 2D T1 images correctly identified internal orifices in 80% of patients. The overall scan time for each 3D sequence was shorter than for the combined postcontrast 2D sequences.
Conclusion CE 3D T1 SPACE and CE 3D T1 VIBE sequences outperformed conventional CE 2D sequences in the evaluation of perianal fistulas in terms of visibility and the number of internal orifices with a shorter scanning time. Among the 3D sequences, CE 3D T1 VIBE is slightly superior to CE 3D T1 SPACE sequence.
On the transparency of the credit reporting system in China
Authors: Chen Mo , Bogner Kristina , Becheva Joana , Grossklags Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, credit reporting agencies are under pressure to reform themselves to reach higher levels of transparency. In this context, the critically considered digitally-implemented credit reporting system in China—the Chinese Social Credit System (SCS)—is of particular interest. Compared to traditional credit reporting systems, the SCS has a wider range of goals, including enhancing social control, establishing a state-defined notion of trustworthiness and increasing market efficiency. It covers not only Chinese citizens, companies, and organizations but also foreign ones which have activities in or with China. This paper studies the transparency of the SCS from the perspective of foreign organizations. We conducted interviews with employees from German organizations that are engaged in commercial activities in or with China to understand how transparent the SCS is to them and to gather their perceptions about the role of the system in increasing the transparency of the Chinese business landscape. Our analysis of the interviews showcased an interesting contrast between reservations with respect to the system’s transparency and the belief that the SCS would enhance the transparency of the Chinese business landscape. Drawing on our analysis of the interviews, we discuss factors affecting SCS transparency and the role of the SCS in increasing corporate transparency. We further highlight that there are inherent limits when credit rating systems (such as the SCS) aim to provide transparency about market participants, while pursuing other objectives at the same time.
Cooling island effect in urban parks from the perspective of internal park landscape
Authors: Cai Xiaoyu , Yang Jun , Zhang Yuqing , Xiao Xiangming , Xia Jianhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrban parks can effectively reduce surface temperatures, which is an important strategic approach to reducing the urban heat island effect. Quantifying the cooling effect of urban parks and identifying their main internal influencing factors is important for improving the urban thermal environment, achieving maximum cooling benefits, and improving urban sustainability. In this study, we extracted data frobut this is often unrealisticm 28 urban parks in Zhengzhou, China. We combined multivariate data, such as Landsat 8 data, to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST), extract the park interior landscape, and quantify the cooling effect using three cooling indices: park cooling distance (L∆max), temperature difference magnitude (∆Tmax), and temperature gradient (Gtemp). Furthermore, the relationship between the internal landscape characteristics of the park and the average LST and cooling indices of the park was analyzed. The results showed that different buffer ranges affect the LST-distance fitting results of urban parks, and a 300-m buffer zone is the optimal fitting interval. However, specific parks should be analyzed to select the optimal buffer range and reduce the cooling index calculation errors. Additionally, the mean values of LST, ∆Tmax, L∆max, and Gtemp for the 28 parks in Zhengzhou were 34.11, 3.22 °C, 194.02 m, and 1.78 °C/hm, respectively. Park perimeter (PP), park area, internal green area (GA), and landscape shape index (LSI) were both significantly correlated with ∆Tmax and the main factors associated with maintaining a low LST in parks. L∆max was mainly affected by the GA, LSI, and perimeter-area ratio, whereas Gtemp was positively correlated with PP. Finally, the threshold value of efficiency for parks in Zhengzhou was 0.83 ha, and comprehensive parks showed optimal cooling in every aspect.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of interstitially and substitutionally Sn-doped MnBi for high temperature permanent magnet applications
Authors: Choi Minyeong , Hong Yang-Ki , Won Hoyun , Yeo Chang-Dong , Choi Byung-Chul , Park Jihoon , Lee Woncheol 
Published: October 2023

First-principles calculations were performed to calculate the electronic structures of low temperature phase (LTP) MnBi (Mn50Bi50) and substitutionally and interstitially Sn-doped MnBi [Mn50Bi25Sn25, (Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3]. Brillouin function predicts the temperature dependence of saturation magnetization M(T). Sn substitution for Bi in MnBi (Mn50Bi25Sn25) changes the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (Ku) from −0.202 MJ/m3 (the in-plane magnetization) for LTP MnBi to 1.711 MJ/m3 (the out-of-plane magnetization). In comparison, the Ku remains negative but slightly decreases to −0.043 MJ/m3 when Sn is interstitially doped in MnBi [(Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3]. The Curie temperature (TC) decreases from 716 K for LTP Mn50Bi50 to 445 K for Mn50Bi25Sn25 and 285 K for (Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3. Mn50Bi25Sn25 has a lower magnetic moment of 5.034 μB/f.u. but a higher saturation magnetization of 64.2 emu/g than (Mn0.5Bi0.5)66.7Sn33.3 with a magnetic moment of 6.609 μB/f.u. and a saturation magnetization of 48.2 emu/g because the weight and volume of the substitutionally Sn-doped MnBi are smaller than the interstitially Sn-doped MnBi. The low Curie temperature and magnetization for Sn-doped MnBi are attributed to the high concentration of Sn. Thus, future study needs to focus on low Sn-concentrated MnBi.
Investigating the electric field distribution in the human brain model induced by a high focality transcranial magnetic coil
Authors: Wang Yong , Yang Yonghui , Qi Yihao , Gong Enzhong , Zhang Haiyang , Shi Liantao , Li Zhengguo 
Published: October 2023

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique for treating various neurological disorders. The geometry of the TMS coil determines the focality, stimulation field strength, and stimulation depth of the induced electric field. In this paper, we introduce a novel coil, named the eccentric folding coil (EFC). We used Sim4Life, a three-dimensional human tissue medical electromagnetic simulation software, and the brain models of the subjects from the population head model repository to conduct finite element simulations of the eccentric folding coil, circular coil, and figure-eight coil, implying that the largest EFC has a focal area of 19.5 cm2 less than the smallest circular coil, and the EFC of any size has a smaller focal area than the figure-8 coil of the same size. Furthermore, we stimulated the model from three directions with the coil and measured the electric field responses of the model, confirming that stimulation varied in different directions. Additionally, we applied EFC to four representative human models and found that the electric field in different subjects’ brains differed by 3.03 mm in stimulation depth and 12.9 cm2 in focal area, suggesting that personalized human head modeling and electromagnetic analysis are essential for TMS treatment. In the future, we will explore using different types of TMS devices for patients with different conditions to achieve more precise and customized treatment.
Affect in the pragmeme of delivering a health directive
Authors: Tseng Ming-Yu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigates how affect is manifested in the pragmeme of delivering a health directive in the Covid-19
context and how affect co-participates in the pragmeme. This research draws on theoretical insights from pragmeme theory,
relevance theory, and the recent distributed language view, with the aim of contributing to the development of a
language-body-environment perspective on pragmatic acts. By way of illustration, two videos used in BBC reports were analyzed, one
featuring the UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s order to the British people to stay at home and the other being an unofficial,
self-made video that also appeals to the public to remain at home. This paper argues that affect in its various manifestations
embodies affective potential, which should be regarded as being part and parcel of the pragmeme.
Graphdiyne (CnH2n−2)/NiWO4 self-assembled p–n junction characterized with in situ XPS for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Linqing , Lei Minjun , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As is well known, how to deeply understand the charge separation and charge transfer capabilities of catalysts, as well as how to optimize these capabilities of catalysts to improve hydrogen production performance, remains a huge challenge. In recent years, a new type of carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) has been proposed. GDY acetylene has a special atomic arrangement that graphene does not have a two-dimensional network of sp2 and sp conjugated intersections makes it easier to construct active sites and improve photocatalytic ability. In addition, GDY also has the advantage of adjusting the bandgap of other catalysts and inhibiting carrier recombination, making it more prone to hydrogen evolution reactions. In addition to using mechanical ball milling to produce GDY, NiWO4 without precious metals was also prepared. The sheet-like structure of GDY in the composite catalyst provides a anchoring site and more active sites for the granular NiWO4. And the composite catalyst fully enhances the good conductivity of GDY and its unique ability to enhance electron transfer, greatly improving the ability of NiWO4 as a single substance. Through in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectrometer, it was demonstrated that a p–n heterojunction was constructed between GDY and NiWO4 in the composite catalyst, further enhancing the synergistic effect between the two, resulting in a hydrogen production rate of 90.92 μmol for the composite catalyst is 4.56 times higher than that of GDY and 4.97 times higher than that of NiWO4, respectively, and the stability of the composite catalyst is significantly higher than that of each single catalyst.
Feature space reduction method for ultrahigh-dimensional, multiclass data: random forest-based multiround screening (RFMS)
Authors: Hanczár Gergely , Stippinger Marcell , Hanák Dávid , Kurbucz Marcell T , Törteli Olivér M , Chripkó Ágnes , Somogyvári Zoltán 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, several screening methods have been published for ultrahigh-dimensional data that contain hundreds of thousands of features, many of which are irrelevant or redundant. However, most of these methods cannot handle data with thousands of classes. Prediction models built to authenticate users based on multichannel biometric data result in this type of problem. In this study, we present a novel method known as random forest-based multiround screening (RFMS) that can be effectively applied under such circumstances. The proposed algorithm divides the feature space into small subsets and executes a series of partial model builds. These partial models are used to implement tournament-based sorting and the selection of features based on their importance. This algorithm successfully filters irrelevant features and also discovers binary and higher-order feature interactions. To benchmark RFMS, a synthetic biometric feature space generator known as BiometricBlender is employed. Based on the results, the RFMS is on par with industry-standard feature screening methods, while simultaneously possessing many advantages over them.
Emerging questions on the mechanisms and dynamics of 3D genome evolution in spiralians
Authors: Rogers Thea F , Simakov Oleg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Information on how 3D genome topology emerged in animal evolution, how stable it is during development, its role in the evolution of phenotypic novelties and how exactly it affects gene expression is highly debated. So far, data to address these questions are lacking with the exception of a few key model species. Several gene regulatory mechanisms have been proposed, including scenarios where genome topology has little to no impact on gene expression, and vice versa. The ancient and diverse clade of spiralians may provide a crucial testing ground for such mechanisms. Sprialians have followed distinct evolutionary trajectories, with some clades experiencing genome expansions and/or large-scale genome rearrangements, and others undergoing genome contraction, substantially impacting their size and organisation. These changes have been associated with many phenotypic innovations in this clade. In this review, we describe how emerging genome topology data, along with functional tools, allow for testing these scenarios and discuss their predicted outcomes.
Investigation of the BERT model on nucleotide sequences with non-standard pre-training and evaluation of different k-mer embeddings
Authors: Zhang Yao-zhong , Bai Zeheng , Imoto Seiya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
In recent years, pre-training with the transformer architecture has gained significant attention. While this approach has led to notable performance improvements across a variety of downstream tasks, the underlying mechanisms by which pre-training models influence these tasks, particularly in the context of biological data, are not yet fully elucidated.

Results
In this study, focusing on the pre-training on nucleotide sequences, we decompose a pre-training model of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) into its embedding and encoding modules to analyze what a pre-trained model learns from nucleotide sequences. Through a comparative study of non-standard pre-training at both the data and model levels, we find that a typical BERT model learns to capture overlapping-consistent k-mer embeddings for its token representation within its embedding module. Interestingly, using the k-mer embeddings pre-trained on random data can yield similar performance in downstream tasks, when compared with those using the k-mer embeddings pre-trained on real biological sequences. We further compare the learned k-mer embeddings with other established k-mer representations in downstream tasks of sequence-based functional prediction. Our experimental results demonstrate that the dense representation of k-mers learned from pre-training can be used as a viable alternative to one-hot encoding for representing nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, integrating the pre-trained k-mer embeddings with simpler models can achieve competitive performance in two typical downstream tasks.

Availability and implementation
The source code and associated data can be accessed at https://github.com/yaozhong/bert_investigation.
Phoenixin-14 as a novel direct regulator of porcine luteal cell functions
Authors: Mlyczyńska Ewa , Kurowska Patrycja , Wachowska Dominika , Grzesiak Małgorzata , Dupont Joelle , Rak Agnieszka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phoenixin is a neuropeptide with a well-established role in the central regulation of reproductive processes; however, knowledge regarding its role in the ovary is limited. One of the main active phoenixin isoforms is phoenixin-14, which acts through G protein–coupled receptor 173. Our research hypothesis was that phoenixin-14 is expressed in porcine corpus luteum and exerts luteotropic action by affecting the endocrine function of luteal cells through G protein–coupled receptor 173 and protein kinase signaling. Luteal cells were cultured to investigate the effect of phoenixin-14 (1–1000 nM) on endocrine function. We showed that phoenixin-14 and G protein–coupled receptor 173 are produced locally in porcine corpus luteum and their levels change during the estrous cycle. We detected phoenixin-14 immunostaining in the cytoplasm and G protein–coupled receptor 173 in the cell membrane. Plasma phoenixin levels were highest during the early luteal phase. Interestingly, insulin, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and prostaglandins decreased phoenixin-14 levels in luteal cells. Phoenixin-14 increased progesterone, estradiol, and prostaglandin E2 secretion, but decreased prostaglandin F2α, upregulated the expression of steroidogenic enzymes, and downregulated receptors for luteinizing hormone and prostaglandin. Also, phoenixin-14 increased the expression of G protein–coupled receptor 173 and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase A, and had mixed effect on AMP-activated protein kinase alpha and protein kinase C. G protein–coupled receptor 173 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mediated the effect of phoenixin-14 on endocrine function of luteal cells. Our results suggest that phoenixin is produced by porcine luteal cells and can be a new regulator of their function.