bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the emotional evaluation models of color patterns based on the adaptive fuzzy system and the neural network
Authors: Um Jinsub , Eum Kyoungbae , Lee Joonwhoan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProposed in this article are two kinds of emotional models based on the neural network and the adaptive fuzzy system that can transform the physical features of a color pattern into its emotional features. The purpose of this system of models is to evaluate the neural network and adaptive fuzzy system for its ability to model psychological experimental data in a way similar to what a human expert would do. Construction of the models was motivated by Soen's psychological experiments, in which he found that such physical features as average hue, saturation, and intensity and the dynamic components of color patterns affected the emotional features represented by a pair of adjectives having opposite meanings. One is based on the neural network in the proposed models, and the other consists of two adaptive fuzzy rule bases and a γ model, a fuzzy set operator, to fuse the evaluation values produced by them. The proposed models showed superior performances compared to Soen's model in the approximation of nonlinear transforms, whereas the latter showed an advantage in obtaining the linguistic interpretation from the trained results. The evaluated results of color patterns can be used to construct a emotion‐based color‐pattern retrieval system, which would be able to recommend the color patterns of a desired human feeling. We believe that in linguistic queries of human feelings, these color‐pattern retrieval systems would be able to select from a gallery the corresponding textile designs, wallpapers, or pictures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 208–216, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10052
Global stability analysis of bidirectional associative memory neural networks with time delay
Authors: Zhang Jiye , Yang Yiren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, without assuming the boundedness, monotonicity and differentiability of the activation functions, we present new conditions ensuring existence, uniqueness, and global asymptotical stability of the equilibrium point of bidirectional associative memory neural networks with fixed time delays or distributed time delays. The results are applicable to both symmetric and non‐symmetric interconnection matrices, and all continuous non‐monotonic neuron activation functions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the rectangular grid representation of general CNN networks
Authors: Radványi András G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the cellular neural paradigm in its original form provides a suitable framework for investigating problems defined on arbitrary regular grids, the chips—ready ones or under design—as well as the available simulators are all restricted to a rectangular structure. It is not at all self‐evident, however, that the rectangular structure is the most suitable to represent every practical problem. In this paper we demonstrate that several cellular neural networks of various regular grids can be mapped onto the typical eight‐neighbour rectangular one, by applying weight matrices of periodic space variance. By adopting this option, the applicability of cellular neural chips and simulators can be extended to investigate and solve problems of essentially arbitrary grid structures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
G1/S but not G0/G1 cell fraction is related to 5‐fluorouracil cytotoxicity
Authors: Mirjolet J.‐F. , Didelot C. , Barberi‐Heyob M. , Merlin J.‐L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundBromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry is of clinical interest for making treatment decisions or for predicting response and survival, through proliferation rate (labeling index or S‐phase fraction) assessment or Tpot calculation. Thymidylate synthase expression was tested in vitro, in vivo, and clinically as a prognostic factor for 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) sensitivity. However, results were still controversial. Moreover, we had reported that 5FU sensitivity was related to the labeling index of untreated cell cultures.MethodsWe used six human cancer cell lines that exhibited a wide range of 5FU sensitivity. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry monovariate propidium iodide (PI) analysis and bivariate distributions of BrdU incorporation versus DNA content. 5FU sensitivity was assayed using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay.ResultsIn all cell lines, 5FU exposure resulted in a statistically significant G1/S accumulation. No statistically significant relationship was seen between G0/G1 delay determined by monovariate analysis and 5FU sensitivity. However, 5FU sensitivity was statistically correlated to the labeling index and G1/S subpopulation assessed with bivariate analysis using BrdU incorporation versus DNA content.ConclusionsCellular proliferation parameters using BrdU incorporation are more informative than PI for in vitro 5FU sensitivity. Because BrdU incorporation could be assessed clinically, it could also be informative for 5FU clinical response prediction. Cytometry 48:6–13, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of three commonly used cytologic preparations in effusion immunocytochemistry
Authors: Fetsch Patricia A. , Simsir Aylin , Brosky Keith , Abati Andrea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiscrepant results in effusion immunocytochemistry are often the result of specimen processing. Smears, cytospins, cell blocks, and monolayer preparations have all been used in various published studies; thus, there is no consistency in the immunostaining process for cytology to compare with the surgical pathology “gold standard” results.We sought to evaluate optimal specimen preparation for the immunostaining of effusion samples. Fourteen reactive and 15 malignant effusion samples (various epithelial/mesothelial neoplasms) were each prepared in three forms: air‐dried cytospins (postfixed in ethanol), formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cell blocks, and liquid‐based thin‐layer (ThinPrep™, CYTYC, Boxborough, MA) processing. All slides were immunostained with antibodies commonly used in effusion cytology: HBME‐1, calretinin, E‐cadherin, BerEP4, B72.3, LeuM1, and CA19‐9.Cytospin and ThinPrep samples performed in a similar manner: high background staining was encountered in 66% of cases, most evident in three‐dimensional clusters of cells. In addition, membrane staining patterns were difficult to interpret. Cell blocks provided the best milieu for morphologic interpretation, with less background staining (only 17% of cases) and results that most closely approximated those reported in the surgical pathology literature. The cost per test for cell block immunocytochemistry was also the most economical for our laboratory. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:61–66. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brush cytology of the biliary tract: Retrospective study of 278 cases with histopathologic correlation
Authors: Govil Hema , Reddy Vijaya , Kluskens Larry , Treaba Diana , Massarani‐Wafai Razan , Selvaggi Suzanne , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBile aspiration during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography has been used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluations of pancreatic and biliary tree strictures for the last two decades. However, recently biliary tract brush cytology has become the method of choice in evaluating pancreatic/biliary tract abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pancreatobiliary lesions by an endobiliary cytotechnique. From 1993–1999, 278 pancreatobiliary brushings were performed at our institutions. Cytologic material was air‐dried for Diff‐Quik stain or fixed in ethanol for Papanicolaou staining. The cytologic diagnoses were classified in three categories: 1) benign, 2) atypical/suspicious, or 3) malignant. Subsequent surgical biopsy was available in 87 (31%) patients. There were 150 males and 128 females with a mean age of 63 yr (range 22–97); 167 (60%) were benign cases. Follow‐up surgical material was available in 39 cases, seven of which showed adenocarcinoma; 67 of all cases (24%) were atypical/suspicious cases. Follow‐up surgical material was available in 31 cases, 17 (55%) of which showed adenocarcinoma; 32 cases (12%) were malignant cases. Follow‐up surgical material was available in 15 cases. All 15 cases were in agreement with the cytologic diagnosis. Twelve (4%) cases were unsatisfactory for cytologic examination. Follow‐up surgical material was available in two cases. One case showed mucinous cystadenoma of the pancreas. The other case showed benign duct epithelium. Our study shows a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 100%. Of the atypical cases, 55% were malignant on follow‐up biopsy. Brush cytology of pancreatobiliary strictures is the most widely used technique in the diagnosis of carcinoma, with a high degree of specificity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:273–277. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytopathology of middle‐ear neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Menezes Geetha , Wakely Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) is among the rarest of middle‐ear (ME) neoplasms, with only a rare case of metastatic disease having been reported. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed in a 51‐yr‐old male with a two‐decade history of multiple local recurrences from a right middle‐ear neoplasm, with the most recent surgical excision 2 yr ago. He currently presented with an enlarged right parotid gland, and a right infratemporal mass. Aspirate smears showed a monotonous population of cytologically bland cells with a small to moderate amount of pale granular cytoplasm, round to oval nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and finely granular chromatin. Rare, isolated large cells were occasionally seen. Immunohistochemical staining of the cell block made from the aspirated material showed strong cytoplasmic positivity for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), serotonin, and cytokeratin cocktail, and negative staining for S100 protein. Review of tissue slides from the patient's prior middle‐ear tumor showed an identical immunoprofile and morphology, and led to a revision of the original diagnosis of paraganglioma. Middle‐ear neuroendocrine carcinoma has a low but definite metastatic potential, which can be diagnosed using FNAB if ancillary immunohistochemical studies are available. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:168–171, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview of P2 receptors: Possible functions in immune cells
Authors: Burnstock G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractP2 nucleotide receptors are subdivided into two families: P2X ionotropic ligand‐gated ion channel receptors and P2Y metabotropic G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Seven subtypes of each family have been cloned and characterized. Immune cells are richly supplied by purinoceptors and there is a dominant presence of P1 (A2A), P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 receptors. Their mediating roles include: release of prostanoids and inflammatory cytokines; cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, fusion, and death; chemoattraction; cell adhesion and immuno‐endothelial cell interactions; bone remodeling (osteoclasts); platelet aggregation; and wound healing, as well as regulation of immune responses. There is plasticity of P2 receptor expression in immune cells during development and after growing in culture. Examples include: the expression of P2X7 receptors in mature, but not developing, monocytes and the decline in P2Y2 mRNA during monocyte to macrophage maturation. Inflammatory mediators have been shown to upregulate P2X7 receptors and downregulate P2Y2 receptors. The possible cellular sources of ATP acting on receptors on immune cells are considered, as well as some other questions about mechanisms involving P2 receptors. Therapeutic strategies for drug developments related to purinergic signaling in immune systems are considered. Drug Dev. Res. 53:53–59, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5‐HT2C receptor antagonists: Potential in schizophrenia
Authors: Wood Martyn D. , Heidbreder Christian , Reavill Charles , Ashby Charles R. , Middlemiss Derek N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe therapeutic success of clozapine and other so‐called atypical antipsychotics has focused attention on the serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) system and its interaction with the dopaminergic system as a treatment for psychotic illnesses. Clozapine has been shown to display high affinity for the 5‐HT2 receptor family and it has been suggested that this, together with evidence that dopamine D2 receptor blockade following clozapine treatment is lower than typical antipsychotics, contributes to the therapeutic profile of clozapine and, in particular, its efficacy in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Much attention has concentrated on the interaction of clozapine and atypical antipsychotics with the 5‐HT2A receptor. In this review, we focus on the role of the 5‐HT2C receptor in both the therapeutic profile of atypical antipsychotics and in the regulation of the dopaminergic system. We further suggest that 5‐HT2C receptor antagonists may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of psychotic illnesses. Drug Dev. Res. 54:88–94, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous opioids and their role in odor preference acquisition and consolidation following odor–shock conditioning in infant rats
Authors: Roth Tania L. , Sullivan Regina M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe assessed the neurochemical basis of olfactory learning induced by presentations of odor and moderate shock in infant rats. Paradoxically, shock conditioning produces an odor preference in 8‐day‐olds, but an odor aversion in 12‐day‐olds. Studies have demonstrated the importance of opioids in early olfactory learning; their specific role remains undefined. In this study, postnatal Days 8 and 12 pups were systemically injected with naltrexone, a nonspecific opioid antagonist, or saline and received either paired or backward presentations of odor‐moderate shock or odor‐only presentations. Blocking the opioid system during conditioning disrupted acquisition of the Day 8 odor preference, but not the Day 12 odor aversion. Additional Day 8 pups were given naltrexone posttraining. Naltrexone not only blocked consolidation of an odor preference but also yielded an odor aversion. These results suggest that the opioid system has a critical role in both olfactory learning and consolidation of odor preferences during the sensitive period. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 188–198, 2001
Risk assessment for developing type 1 diabetes: intentions of behavioural changes prior to risk notification
Authors: Hendrieckx C. , De Smet F. , Kristoffersen I. , Bradley C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundRecent progress in predictive techniques allows people at risk of developing type 1 diabetes to be identified in a pre‐symptomatic stage and prevention trials to be implemented. The present study examined prospectively whether participants in a screening programme anticipated behavioural changes in the event of having a high risk.MethodsFour hundred and three first‐degree relatives of people with type 1diabetes completed a self‐administered questionnaire about their views on screening and diabetes, and questionnaires on well‒being and locus of control.ResultsPrior to risk notification, 73% reported that they intended to introduce lifestyle changes if at high risk. The vast majority of the respondents (87%) reported that eating habits would be the main changes made. Those anticipating changes believed they could take actions to reduce their risk of type 1 diabetes (p<0.001) and to have personal control over diabetes onset (p<0.001). They were also more worried about developing diabetes (p<0.01) and preoccupied with diabetes‐related symptoms (p<0.01).ConclusionsPrior to risk notification, the process of being screened raised concerns and expectations about future changes. Despite the lack of any evidence, people believed lifestyle changes would be effective in reducing their risk. Since the impact of lifestyle in the development of type 1 diabetes is not yet established, accurate information about the role of health behaviour in the progression to overt diabetes is needed to avoid unrealistic expectations on the benefit of these changes and unnecessary impairment to quality of life. Personally initiated changes should be monitored since they could importantly influence the progress and outcome of prevention trials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of DNTNP, which encodes a potential nuclear protein that is expressed in the developing, dorsal neural tube
Authors: Jun Lin , Balboni Armand L. , Laitman Jeffrey T. , Bergemann Andrew D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have performed a screen to identify genes expressed in a functionally significant anatomic region of the vertebrate dorsal neural tube, the dorsomedial roof of the third ventricle (DMRTV). The DMRTV includes the primordia of a series of circumventricular organs. The screen searched for genes preferentially expressed in the DMRTV of stage 18–25 chicken embryos, relative to their telencephala and ventral diencephalon. Through this screen, we have cloned a series of genes strongly expressed in the dorsal but not ventral neural tube. We describe here the first of these genes, DNTNP (dorsal neural tube nuclear protein). DNTNP is highly expressed in the dorsal regions of the diencephalon, the midbrain, the hindbrain, and the spinal neural tube in the chicken stage 18 embryo. Expression is also observed in the telencephalon, the branchial arches, the heart, and somites, but is absent from the presomitic mesoderm. The amino acid sequence of DNTNP reveals that it belongs to an uncharacterized protein family with at least two additional members. All the members of this family possess a basic region reminiscent of a nuclear localization signal (NLS). We demonstrate that the putative NLS of DNTNP can indeed direct nuclear localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The dorsal localization of DNTNP in the early embryonic central nervous system suggests roles for this molecule in specifying dorsal cell fates within the neural tube. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variables associated with disturbed eating habits and overvalued ideas about the personal implications of body shape and weight in a female adolescent population
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Lowes Jacinta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesFew studies exist that examine risk factors for the overvalued ideas about the personal implications of body shape and weight that are viewed as the central cognitive substrate of eating disorders.MethodIn a female adolescent population (mean age = 14 years, SD = 0.7), we examine variables previously identified in the literature as risk factors for eating disorders, namely, self‐esteem, comments from others about eating/weight/shape, perfectionism, childhood and parental weight/shape, and parental conflict.ResultsThese variables were all correlated significantly with current (past 4 weeks) levels of overvalued ideas and disturbed eating patterns in the predicted directions. Self‐esteem was found to mediate partially the relationship between the overvalued ideas and comments about weight and perfectionism. Self‐esteem fully mediated the relationship between the overvalued ideas and parental conflict. A family index of body size had an independent influence on the overvalued ideas, that is, the bigger the size, the greater the overvalued ideas. Finally, the overvalued ideas fully accounted for the relationship between self‐esteem and disturbed eating patterns.DiscussionThe cognitive model of bulimia nervosa is supported by the results of this study. Self‐esteem represents an important gateway to the overvalued ideas that contribute substantially to disturbed eating patterns. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32:39–45, 2002.
On‐line learning method for EMG prosthetic hand control
Authors: Nishikawa Daisuke , Yu Wenwei , Yokoi Hiroshi , Kakazu Yukinori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel learning method for prosthetic hand control. Conventional works have used off‐line learning methods for control, and hence two kinds of training must be carried out separately: one is for the amputee to control prosthetic hands, and the other is for the prosthetic hand controller to adapt to the amputee's variations. Consequently, an amputee cannot acquire the sensations of operating prosthetic hands through training, and nevertheless he or she is likely to experience difficulties in forcing the prosthetic hand controller to follow the change of his or her own characteristics in practical use. We accordingly design an on‐line learning mechanism which can adapt to the individual's characteristics in real time. Using this mechanism, a suitable mapping function of the surface electromyogram (EMG) to motions of prosthetic hands can be acquired according to the amputee's evaluation in practical use. Thereby, the mechanism realizes a shortening of training time and adaptation to individual variation in real time. The experiments succeeded in discriminating six forearm motions to verify the proposed method. First, we use intrinsic exercise images to control a prosthetic hand, and compare our on‐line method with one conventional off‐line method. Second, we use EMG signals on shoulder girdles to control the prosthetic hand for upper elbow amputation. The discrimination rate in forearm EMG experiments is 89.9% by our method and 80.3% by the conventional method. Moreover, we show the possibility of applying the on‐line learning method to upper elbow amputees, because a discrimination rate of 79.3% is achieved by our method in shoulder girdle EMG classification. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(10): 35–46, 2001
Genotoxicity of some sulfur dyes on tadpoles (Rana hexadactyla) measured using the comet assay
Authors: Rajaguru P. , Kalpana R. , Hema A. , Suba S. , Baskarasethupathi B. , Kumar P. A. , Kalaiselvi K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report presents the results of a genotoxicity study to evaluate the DNA damage caused by four sulfur dyes used in the textile and tannery industries. Alkaline single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) was performed on erythrocytes from Rana hexadactyla tadpoles following whole‐body exposure to increasing concentrations of the dyes. The dyes, along with their active ingredients, were Sandopel Basic Black BHLN, Negrosine, Dermapel Black FNI, and Turquoise Blue. The dye‐treated tadpoles showed significant DNA damage, measured as mean DNA length:width ratio, when compared with unexposed control animals. Among the four tested dyes Sandopel Basic Black BHLN appears to be highly genotoxic, Dermapel Black FNI was least genotoxic, and Negrosine and Turquoise Blue were moderately toxic to R. hexadactyla tadpoles. The tadpoles showed a significant reduction in DNA damage when placed in dechlorinated tap water after exposure for a 24‐hr period to the dye solutions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:316–322, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Level of implementation of the ISO 14001 standard in Spanish industrial companies
Authors: del Brío Jesús Ángel , Junquera Beatriz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe analyse in this work aspects related to the ISO 14001 standard to certify an environmental management system: the average time to obtain the certificate, the level of difficulty and the numbers of trained managers and employees, among other things. With this analysis we show that the process of certification in Spain has not reached a sufficient level of development yet, but is in a progressive stage of introduction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.