bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil burial degradation studies of photo‐crosslinked PCL‐PDMS‐PCL triblock copolymer films
Authors: Sachan Radha , Purwar Roli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the soil burial degradation behavior of photo‐crosslinked Polycaprolactone (PCL) homopolymer and Polycaprolactone‐Polydimethylsiloxane‐Polycaprolactone (PCL‐PDMS‐PCL) triblock copolymer films. PCL homopolymer and PCL‐PDMS‐PCL triblock copolymer films with varying the chain length of PCL were synthesized. The microlevel, macrolevel, and structural changes in the samples of homopolymer and triblock copolymer were analyzed before and after soil burial test. Microlevel changes were determined by the evaluation of morphological properties with the digital camera, optical microscope (OM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. These changes revealed that the degradation of copolymer films enhanced with increasing PCL chain length. The Macrolevel structural changes were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) crystallinity. The soil burial degradation mechanism was proposed for PCL‐PDMS‐PCL triblock copolymer films based on the obtained results.
Kidney function as a key driver of the pharmacokinetic response to high‐dose L‐carnitine in septic shock
Authors: Jennaro Theodore S. , Puskarich Michael A. , Flott Thomas L. , McLellan Laura A. , Jones Alan E. , Pai Manjunath P. , Stringer Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveLevocarnitine (L‐carnitine) has shown promise as a metabolic‐therapeutic for septic shock, where mortality approaches 40%. However, high‐dose (≥ 6 grams) intravenous supplementation results in a broad range of serum concentrations. We sought to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of high‐dose L‐carnitine, test various estimates of kidney function, and assess the correlation of PK parameters with pre‐treatment metabolites in describing drug response for patients with septic shock.DesignPopulation PK analysis was done with baseline normalized concentrations using nonlinear mixed effect models in the modeling platform Monolix. Various estimates of kidney function, patient demographics, dose received, and organ dysfunction were tested as population covariates.Data SourceWe leveraged serum samples and metabolomics data from a phase II trial of L‐carnitine in vasopressor‐dependent septic shock. Serum was collected at baseline (T0); end‐of‐infusion (T12); and 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment initiation.Patients and InterventionPatients were adaptively randomized to receive intravenous L‐carnitine (6 grams, 12 grams, or 18 grams) or placebo.Measurements and Main ResultsThe final dataset included 542 serum samples from 130 patients randomized to L‐carnitine. A two‐compartment model with linear elimination and a fixed volume of distribution (17.1 liters) best described the data and served as a base structural model. Kidney function estimates as a covariate on the elimination rate constant (k) reliably improved model fit. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation with creatinine and cystatin C, outperformed creatinine clearance (Cockcroft‐Gault) and older CKD‐EPI equations that use an adjustment for self‐identified race.ConclusionsHigh‐dose L‐carnitine supplementation is well‐described by a two‐compartment population PK model in patients with septic shock. Kidney function estimates that leverage cystatin C provided superior model fit. Future investigations into high‐dose L‐carnitine supplementation should consider baseline metabolic status and dose adjustments based on renal function over a fixed or weight‐based dosing paradigm.
Psychological symptoms among adolescents: Latent class analysis of parental attitudes, psychological needs, self‐regulation, and alexithymia
Authors: Haspolat Namık Kemal , Ağırkan Murat , Eşkisu Mustafa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPsychological problems are prevalent among adolescents, and previous studies have robustly demonstrated that individual and family factors play a role in the formation and maintenance of these problems. On the other hand, not all adolescents show the same characteristics in terms of these factors and can be categorized into different groups. Identifying this heterogeneity is also important in intervention for psychological problems. Thus, this study aimed to identify patterns of parental attitudes, basic psychological needs, self‐regulation, and alexithymia, using latent class analysis (LCA), and investigated how different patterns of these individual and family factors are associated with psychological problems. Participants included a sample of 331 volunteer Turkish adolescents (140 male [42.3%], 191 female [57.7%]). LCA indicated a two‐class solution fit the current data well and 65% of the participants were classified into the first latent class which was labeled as “positive individual and family context” (PIFC). The PIFC were found to have higher levels of parental sensitivity and autonomy support, need satisfaction and self‐regulation, but lower levels of mother's psychological and behavioral control and father's behavioral control, need frustration, and alexithymia. The second latent class, labeled as “negative individual and family context” (NIFC), included 35% of the adolescents. Adolescents in NIFC had low levels of parental sensitivity, autonomy support, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and self‐regulation, but high levels of mother's psychological and behavioral control, father's behavioral control, frustration of basic psychological needs, and alexithymia. Moreover, after controlling gender and age, adolescents classified in the NIFC displayed significantly higher levels of psychological problems than those classified in the PIFC. These findings support the idea that individual and familial factors interact to affect adolescents' mental health and suggest that clinicians and helping professionals would benefit from including these factors in intervention processes.
Recent advances in block copolymer self‐assembly: From the lowest to the highest
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Huh Yoon , Song Inkyu , Ryu Du Yeol , Son Jeong Gon , Bang Joona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA perspective is presented on recent developments in block copolymers (BCPs), capable of forming sub‐10 nm nanostructures and bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs), capable of forming supra‐100 nm nanostructures. Over the last few decades, BCP research has emphasized pattern miniaturization for application in next‐generation lithography tools in the semiconductor industry. The first part focuses on the recent efforts that investigated high‐χ linear BCPs evolved from conventional poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) pairs. Recently, novel BCP structures capable of forming nanostructures with significant periodicities for controlling visible light have gained considerable attention. The second part reviews the literature on BBCPs that exhibit the potential to create supra‐100 nm nanostructures. Finally, the future aspect on BCP lithography is discussed.
Flexible PEDOT/NiO@nickel foam composites materials for high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Shao Mingfa , Dong Juncheng , Ge Zhou , Ge Runqi , Ge Ying , Lv Xiaojing , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Cheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance composite electrode materials for supercapacitors were developed by two‐step electrochemical deposition of nano‐NiO and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on nickel foam (NF). NF is considered an excellent conductive substrate for preparing porous electrode materials due to its high conductivity and porosity. The electrodeposited NiO nanoparticles were uniformly and densely coated on the pore of NF to fill in the internal voids, which provides an abundant active site for the electrodeposition of PEDOT. PEDOT was prepared by simple electrodeposition and was uniformly coated on the substrate surface which has high conductivity and reversible electrochemical redox properties, as well as excellent cyclic stability. The loose surface morphology not only provides abundant redox active sites for electrode material but also contributes the good pseudocapacitance property. As expected, the maximum mass‐specific capacity of PEDOT/NiO@NF composite electrode material can reach up to 129.7 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, the composite electrode material shows excellent electrochemical cycling stability that the specific capacity has no obvious decay compared with its initial capacity after 200 cycles of cyclic voltammetry and 100 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD). This work demonstrates that the composite material PEDOT/NiO@NF could be a candidate flexibility electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitor applications.
Acyltransferase families that act on thioesters: Sequences, structures, and mechanisms
Authors: de Carvalho Caio C. , Murray Ian P. , Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Tin , Cantu David C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcyltransferases (AT) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of acyl group to a receptor molecule. This review focuses on ATs that act on thioester‐containing substrates. Although many ATs can recognize a wide variety of substrates, sequence similarity analysis allowed us to classify the ATs into fifteen distinct families. Each AT family is originated from enzymes experimentally characterized to have AT activity, classified according to sequence similarity, and confirmed with tertiary structure similarity for families that have crystallized structures available. All the sequences and structures of the AT families described here are present in the thioester‐active enzyme (ThYme) database. The AT sequences and structures classified into families and available in the ThYme database could contribute to enlightening the understanding acyl transfer to thioester‐containing substrates, most commonly coenzyme A, which occur in multiple metabolic pathways, mostly with fatty acids.
Rotundic acid alleviates hyperlipidemia in rats by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota
Authors: Zeng Wei , Yang Bao , Wang Yuanyuan , Sun Mengjia , Yang Weiqun , Cui Hui , Jin Jing , Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDisturbances in lipid metabolism and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota play an important role in the progression of hyperlipidemia. Previous study indicated that Ilicis Rotundae Cortex possesses anti‐hyperlipidemic activity, and rotundic acid (RA) identified as a key active compound to be incorporated into the body. The study aimed to evaluate the anti‐hyperlipidemia effects of RA and explored its impact on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, as well as its possible mechanisms for improving hyperlipidemia. The study methodology included a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of RA on steatosis markers of hyperlipidemia, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota by assessing biochemical parameters and histopathology, lipidomics, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) assays. The results showed that RA effectively reduced body weight and the steatosis markers in serum and liver. Moreover, the lipidomic analysis revealed significant changes in plasmatic and hepatic lipid levels, and these were restored by RA. According to the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, RA supplementation raised the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria while decreasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes. RA significantly boosted the relative abundance of SCFAs by increasing SCFAs‐producing bacteria such as Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Desulfovibrio, etc. In summary, RA could regulate triglyceride metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, restore gut microbiota structure, and increase the relative abundance of SCFAs‐producing bacteria to exert its hypolipidemic effects. These findings suggest RA to be a promising therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia.
Enhancing Electroreduction CO2 to Hydrocarbons via Tandem Electrocatalysis by Incorporation Cu NPs in Boron Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Shao Ping , Wan Yu‐Mei , Yi Luocai , Chen Shumei , Zhang Hai‐Xia , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the higher value of deeply‐reduced products, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multi‐electron‐transfer products has received more attention. One attractive strategy is to decouple individual steps within the complicated pathway via multi‐component catalysts design in the concept of tandem catalysts. Here, a composite of Cu@BIF‐144(Zn) (BIF = boron imidazolate framework) is synthesized by using an anion framework BIF‐144(Zn) as host to impregnate Cu2+ ions that are further reduced to Cu nanoparticles (NPs) via in situ electrochemical transformation. Due to the microenvironment modulation by functional BH(im)3− on the pore surfaces, the Cu@BIF‐144(Zn) catalyst exhibits a perfect synergetic effect between the BIF‐144(Zn) host and the Cu NP guest during CO2RR. Electrochemistry results show that Cu@BIF‐144(Zn) catalysts can effectively enhance the selectivity and activity for the CO2 reduction to multi‐electron‐transfer products, with the maximum FECH4 value of 41.8% at −1.6 V and FEC2H4 value of 12.9% at −1.5 V versus RHE. The Cu@BIF‐144(Zn) tandem catalyst with CO‐rich microenvironment generated by the Zn catalytic center in the BIF‐144(Zn) skeleton enhanced deep reduction on the incorporated Cu NPs for the CO2RR to multi‐electron‐transfer products.
Construction of Binder‐Free, Self‐Supported, Hetero‐Core–Shell Honeycomb Structured CuCo2O4@Ni0.5Co0.5(OH)2 with Abundant Mesopores and High Conductivity for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Sun Yuesheng , Jiang Degang , Wang Jianhua , Zhang Aitang , Wang Chunxiao , Zong Hanwen , Xu Jiangtao , Liu Jingquan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClever and rational design of structural hierarchy, along with precise component adjustment, holds profound significance for the construction of high‐performance supercapacitor electrode materials. In this study, a binder‐free self‐supported CCO@N0.5C0.5OH/NF cathode material is constructed with hierarchical hetero‐core–shell honeycomb nanostructure by first growing CuCo2O4 (CCO) nanopin arrays uniformly on highly conductive nickel foam (NF) substrate, and then anchoring Ni0.5Co0.5(OH)2 (N0.5C0.5OH) bimetallic hydroxide nanosheet arrays on the CCO nanopin arrays by adjusting the molar ratio of Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2. The constructed CCO@N0.5C0.5OH/NF electrode material showcases a wealth of multivalent metal ions and mesopores, along with good electrical conductivity, excellent electrochemical reaction rates, and robust long‐term performance (capacitance retention rate of 87.2%). The CCO@N0.5C0.5OH/NF electrode, benefiting from the hierarchical structure of the material and the exceptional synergy between multiple components, demonstrates an excellent specific capacitance (2553.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). Furthermore, the assembled asymmetric CCO@N0.5C0.5OH/NF//AC/NF supercapacitor demonstrates a high energy density (70.1 Wh kg−1 at 850 W kg−1), and maintains robust capacitance cycling stability performance (83.7%) after undergoing 10 000 successive charges and discharges. It is noteworthy that the assembled supercapacitor exhibits an operating voltage (1.7 V) that is well above the theoretical value (1.5 V).
Toward Nano‐Specific In Silico NAMs: How to Adjust Nano‐QSAR to the Recent Advancements of Nanotoxicology?
Authors: Ciura Krzesimir , Moschini Elisa , Stępnik Maciej , Serchi Tommaso , Gutleb Arno , Jarzyńska Kamila , Jagiello Karolina , Puzyn Tomasz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) causes humans to become increasingly exposed to them. Therefore, a better understanding of the health impact of ENMs is highly demanded. Considering the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle, in vitro and computational methods are excellent alternatives for testing on animals. Among computational methods, nano‐quantitative structure‐activity relationship (nano‐QSAR), which links the physicochemical and structural properties of EMNs with biological activities, is one of the leading method. The nature of toxicological experiments has evolved over the last decades; currently, one experiment can provide thousands of measurements of the organism's functioning at the molecular level. At the same time, the capacity of the in vitro systems to mimic the human organism is also improving significantly. Hence, the authors would like to discuss whether the nano‐QSAR approach follows modern toxicological studies and takes full advantage of the opportunities offered by modern toxicological platforms. Challenges and possibilities for improving data integration are underlined narratively, including the need for a consensus built between the in vitro and the QSAR domains.
Charge Dynamics Engineering Sparks Hetero‐Interfacial Polarization for an Ultra‐Efficient Microwave Absorber with Mechanical Robustness
Authors: Huan Xianhua , Li Hefeng , Song Yuxiao , Luo Jintao , Liu Cong , Xu Ke , Geng Hongbo , Guo Xiaodong , Chen Chen , Zu Lei , Jia Xiaolong , Zhou Jisheng , Zhang Haobin , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrowave absorbers with high efficiency and mechanical robustness are urgently desired to cope with more complex and harsh application scenarios. However, manipulating the trade‐off between microwave absorption performance and mechanical properties is seldom realized in microwave absorbers. Here, a chemistry‐tailored charge dynamic engineering strategy is proposed for sparking hetero‐interfacial polarization and thus coordinating microwave attenuation ability with the interfacial bonding, endowing polymer‐based composites with microwave absorption efficiency and mechanical toughness. The absorber designed by this new conceptual approach exhibits remarkable Ku‐band microwave absorption efficiency (−55.3 dB at a thickness of 1.5 mm) and satisfactory effective absorption bandwidth (5.0 GHz) as well as desirable interfacial shear strength (97.5 MPa). The calculated differential charge density depicts the uneven distribution of space charge and the intense hetero‐interfacial polarization, clarifying the structure–performance relationship from a theoretical perspective. This work breaks through traditional single performance‐oriented design methods and ushers a new direction for next‐generation microwave absorbers.
Critical Review of Emerging Pre‐metallization Technologies for Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qingyuan , Wang Huibo , Wang Yueyang , Sun Guoxing , Li Zongjin , Zhang Yanyan , Shao Huaiyu , Jiang Yinzhu , Tang Yuxin , Liang Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLow Coulombic efficiency, low‐capacity retention, and short cycle life are the primary challenges faced by various metal‐ion batteries due to the loss of corresponding active metal. Practically, these issues can be significantly ameliorated by compensating for the loss of active metals using pre‐metallization techniques. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art development in various pr‐emetallization techniques is summarized. First, the origin of pre‐metallization is elaborated and the Coulombic efficiency of different battery materials is compared. Second, different pre‐metallization strategies, including direct physical contact, chemical strategies, electrochemical method, overmetallized approach, and the use of electrode additives are summarized. Third, the impact of pre‐metallization on batteries, along with its role in improving Coulombic efficiency is discussed. Fourth, the various characterization techniques required for mechanistic studies in this field are outlined, from laboratory‐level experiments to large scientific device. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of pre‐metallization technology in improving Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability for various metal‐ion batteries are discussed. In particular, the positive influence of pre‐metallization reagents is emphasized in the anode‐free battery systems. It is envisioned that this review will inspire the development of high‐performance energy storage systems via the effective pre‐metallization technologies.
Aggregation‐Induced Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence from Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Derivative Nanosheets for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Human Telomerase RNA
Authors: Han Tingting , Geng Yu‐Qian , Zhang Min , Cao Yue , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe traditional tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex suffers from the notorious aggregation‐caused quenching effect, which greatly compromises its electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency, thus hindering further applications in biosensing and clinical diagnosis. Here, the ultrathin tetraphenylethylene‐active tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) derivative nanosheets (abbreviated as Ru‐TPE NSs) are synthesized through a protein‐assisted self‐assembly strategy for ultrasensitive ECL detection of human telomerase RNA (hTR) for the first time. The synthesized Ru‐TPE NSs exhibit the aggregation‐induced enhanced ECL behavior and excellent water‐dispersion. Surprisingly, up to a 106.5‐fold increase in the ECL efficiency of Ru‐TPE NSs is demonstrated compared with the dispersed molecules in an organic solution. The restriction of intramolecular motions is confirmed to be responsible for the significant ECL enhancement. Therefore, this proposed ECL biosensor shows high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for hTR based on Ru‐TPE NSs as efficient ECL beacons and the catalytic hairpin assembly as signal amplification, whose detection limit is as low as 8.0 fm, which is far superior to the previously reported works. Here, a promising analytical method is provided for early clinical diagnosis and a new type of efficient ECL emitters with great application prospects is represented.
Investigation of gastrointestinal injury‐related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum
Authors: Ider Merve , Yildiz Ramazan , Naseri Amir , Gülersoy Erdem , Alkan Fahrettin , Ok Mahmut , Erturk Alper , Sulu Kadir , Durgut Murat Kaan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDisplaced abomasum (DA) is one of the most important metabolic disorders of dairy cattle. In DA, ischaemic damage may occur as a result of impaired perfusion due to abomasal displacement, which may result in gastrointestinal mucosal damage.ObjectiveInvestigation of gastrointestinal tissue damage in cattle with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) using intestinal‐related biomarkers.MethodsForty‐eight DA (24 LDA, 24 RDA) and 15 healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled between March 2021 and July 2022. Serum biomarkers including gamma‐enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG‐2), liver‐fatty acid binding proteins (L‐FABP), platelet activating factor (PAF), trefoil factor‐3 (TFF‐3), leptin, claudin‐3 and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples.ResultsL‐FABP concentrations in the LDA group and TFF‐3 concentrations in the RDA group were lower than in the control group. The leptin concentration of the RDA group was higher than that of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between lactate, leptin and IL‐8 concentrations. There was a negative correlation between lactate and TFF‐3, whereas leptin and lactate were positively correlated. Leptin was the more reliable biomarker for discriminating between RDA and LDA cases.ConclusionChanges in serum L‐FABP, TFF‐3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA may reflect acute intestinal injury and the subsequent repair phase. However, these biomarkers had poor diagnostic performance in discriminating between healthy and cattle with DA, while leptin emerged as the most useful marker in differentiating LDA from RDA cases.