bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of DLC film on the inner surface of N80 pipeline by hollow cathode PECVD
Authors: Liu Zhengyu , Mou Chenglong , Yin Pingmei , Cao Xueqian , Zhang Guangan , Xue Qunji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe corrosion and wear of N80 pipeline in oil and gas field environment has always been an urgent problem to be solved in the field of oil and gas exploitation. DLC film is considered to be an effective material for prolonging the service life of pipeline due to its excellent properties. However, it is very difficult to deposit a uniform DLC film on the inner surface of long pipeline. In this paper, DLC film was deposited on the inner surface of a 1 m-long N80 pipeline with an inner diameter of 75 mm by hollow cathode plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HC-PECVD) using the pipeline itself as the deposition chamber and cathode. The uniformity of microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of DLC film were discussed. The results show that the DLC film deposited on the inner surface of N80 long pipeline by HC-PECVD equipment possesses excellent axial uniformity. The deposition of DLC film increases the corrosion potential and reduces the corrosion current density, which greatly improves the corrosion resistance of N80 pipeline. In addition, the deposition of DLC film also reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate, which greatly improves the wear resistance of N80 pipeline. Therefore, the deposition of DLC film is an effective protection method for the inner surface of N80 pipeline, which prolongs the service life of the pipeline. HC-PECVD equipment with pipeline as cavity uniformly deposits DLC film on the inner surface of long pipeline, which is a potential deposition method to prolong the service life of long pipeline in oil and gas exploitation.
A Review of Machine Learning and Algorithmic Methods for Protein Phosphorylation Site Prediction
Authors: Esmaili Farzaneh , Pourmirzaei Mahdi , Ramazi Shahin , Shojaeilangari Seyedehsamaneh , Yavari Elham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have key roles in extending the functional diversity of proteins and, as a result, regulating diverse cellular processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Phosphorylation modification is a vital PTM that occurs in most proteins and plays a significant role in many biological processes. Disorders in the phosphorylation process lead to multiple diseases, including neurological disorders and cancers. The purpose of this review is to organize this body of knowledge associated with phosphorylation site (p-site) prediction to facilitate future research in this field. At first, we comprehensively review all related databases and introduce all steps regarding dataset creation, data preprocessing, and method evaluation in p-site prediction. Next, we investigate p-site prediction methods, which are divided into two computational groups: algorithmic and machine learning (ML). Additionally, it is shown that there are basically two main approaches for p-site prediction by ML: conventional and end-to-end deep learning methods, both of which are given an overview. Moreover, this review introduces the most important feature extraction techniques, which have mostly been used in p-site prediction. Finally, we create three test sets from new proteins related to the released version of the database of protein post-translational modifications (dbPTM) in 2022 based on general and human species. Evaluating online p-site prediction tools on newly added proteins introduced in the dbPTM 2022 release, distinct from those in the dbPTM 2019 release, reveals their limitations. In other words, the actual performance of these online p-site prediction tools on unseen proteins is notably lower than the results reported in their respective research papers.
The impact of carbapenem shortage and stewardship countermeasures on antimicrobial practice at a tertiary care center
Authors: Kouyama Yuichi , Uehara Yuki , Takamatsu Akane , Suzuki Ryota , Nishida Rie , Inuzuka Katsumasa , Muramatsu Eriko , Ohyama Koji , Doi Yohei , Yamada Shigeki , Honda Hitoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the impact of carbapenem shortage on antimicrobial practice and patient outcome at a tertiary care center. During the shortage, hospital antimicrobial practice could be safely managed through additional antimicrobial stewardship measures including treatment guidance and mandatory preauthorization. Antimicrobial shortage may present a unique opportunity for promoting antimicrobial stewardship.
Quantifying the ecological consequences of climate change in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Schoeman David S. , Bolin Jessica A. , Cooley Sarah R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Few coastal ecosystems remain untouched by direct human activities, and none are unimpacted by anthropogenic climate change. These drivers interact with and exacerbate each other in complex ways, yielding a mosaic of ecological consequences that range from adaptive responses, such as geographic range shifts and changes in phenology, to severe impacts, such as mass mortalities, ecological regime shifts and loss of biodiversity. Identifying the role of climate change in these phenomena requires corroborating evidence from multiple lines of evidence, including laboratory experiments, field observations, numerical models and palaeorecords. Yet few studies can confidently quantify the magnitude of the effect attributable solely to climate change, because climate change seldom acts alone in coastal ecosystems. Projections of future risk are further complicated by scenario uncertainty – that is, our lack of knowledge about the degree to which humanity will mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions, or will make changes to the other ways we impact coastal ecosystems. Irrespective, ocean warming would be impossible to reverse before the end of the century, and sea levels are likely to continue to rise for centuries and remain elevated for millennia. Therefore, future risks to coastal ecosystems from climate change are projected to mirror the impacts already observed, with severity escalating with cumulative emissions. Promising avenues for progress beyond such qualitative assessments include collaborative modelling initiatives, such as model intercomparison projects, and the use of a broader range of knowledge systems. But we can reduce risks to coastal ecosystems by rapidly reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, by restoring damaged habitats, by regulating non-climate stressors using climate-smart conservation actions, and by implementing inclusive coastal-zone management approaches, especially those involving nature-based solutions.
Developing a Translational Team Training Program using the Wisconsin Interventions in Team Science Framework
Authors: Sweeney Whitney A. , Kelly Patrick W. , Brasier Allan R. , Rolland Betsy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program supports a national network of medical research institutions working to improve the translational process. High-performing translational teams (TTs) are critical for advancing evidence-based approaches that improve human health. When focused on content-appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, targeted training results in the substantial internalization of training content, producing new skills that can be applied to improve team outputs, outcomes, and benefits. More rigorous approaches to develop, test, and evaluate interventions are needed, and we used the Wisconsin Interventions in Team Science framework as a model to systematize our efforts. We designed, built, and tested a five-session TT Training Program for translational researchers. The 90-minute sessions were pilot-tested with 47 postdoctoral fellows and evaluated through a structured evaluation plan. Ninety-five percent of post-session survey respondents indicated that the content and skills provided would make them more effective collaborators, and one hundred percent would recommend the sessions to colleagues. Respondents’ scores increased from pretest to posttest for most learning outcomes. Refinements from participant feedback are described. This work provides a foundation for the continued evolution of evidence-based training programs in the CTSA environment.
Model worms: knowledge gains and risks associated with the use of model species in parasitological research
Authors: Poulin Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractModel parasite species, whose entire life cycle can be completed in the laboratory and maintained for multiple generations, have played a fundamental role in our understanding of host–parasite interactions. Yet, keeping parasites in laboratory conditions may expose them to unnatural evolutionary pressures, and using laboratory cultures for research is therefore not without limitations. Using 2 widely-used model helminth species, the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta and the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus, I illustrate the caution needed when interpreting experimental results on model species. I first review more than 1200 experimental studies published on these species in the past 4 decades, to determine which research areas they have contributed to. This is followed by an examination of the institutional laboratory cultures that have provided the parasites used in these studies. Some of these have persisted for decades and accounted for a substantial proportion of published studies, whereas others have been short-lived. Using information provided by the curators of active cultures, I summarize data on their origins and maintenance conditions. Finally, I discuss how laboratory cultures may have been subject to the influence of evolutionary genetic processes, such as founder effects, genetic drift and inbreeding. I also address the possibility that serial passage through laboratory hosts across multiple generations has exerted artificial selection on several parasite traits, resulting in genetic and phenotypic divergence among laboratory cultures, and between these cultures and natural parasite populations. I conclude with recommendations for the continued usage of laboratory helminth cultures aimed at maximizing their important contribution to parasitological research.
Later Wittgenstein on ‘Truth’ and Realism in Mathematics
Authors: Bold Philip 
Published: October 2023

AbstractI show that Wittgenstein's critique of G.H. Hardy's mathematical realism naturally extends to Paul Benacerraf's influential paper, ‘Mathematical Truth’. Wittgenstein accuses Hardy of hastily analogizing mathematical and empirical propositions, thus leading to a picture of mathematical reality that is somehow akin to empirical reality despite the many puzzles this creates. Since Benacerraf relies on that very same analogy to raise problems about mathematical ‘truth’ and the alleged ‘reality’ to which it corresponds, his major argument falls prey to the same critique. The problematic pictures of mathematical reality suggested by Hardy and Benacerraf can be avoided, according to Wittgenstein, by disrupting the analogy that gives rise to them. I show why Tarskian updates to our conception of ‘truth’ discussed by Benacerraf do not answer Wittgenstein's concerns. That is, because they merely presuppose what Wittgenstein puts into question, namely, the essential uniformity of ‘truth’ and ‘proposition’ in ordinary discourse.
The Notion of Truth in Sciences and Medicine, Why it Matters and Why We Must Defend It
Authors: Bikfalvi Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Philosophers have described several approaches for scientific research, including causal inference and induction, the hypothetico-deductive method, inference of the best explanation, Bayesianism or causal network analysis. Prescriptive truth is dependent upon the values that one brings into scientific inquiry. One may oppose the writings of Bertrand Russell and Helen Longino. The former argues that values may negatively impact inquiry, while Longino argues that value-free research does not exist, and we must cope with it. However, Longino proposes a very stringent value-system which does not allow certain research to be conducted. The problem arises when prescriptive truth becomes hypertrophic, self-righteous, rigid, and unconnected to reality, which is the transformation into ideology. Ideological intrusion into science and medicine, such as with Social Justice Ideology (SJI), is indeed a problem in Western democracies. It derived from scholarship originating in the humanities (law, social sciences, branches of philosophy, etc.) and then transferred to Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM). The STEMM field was thought to be immune to SJI because of its rigorous methodology, but the hyper-specialization and absence of training in the humanities made it vulnerable to SJI. These intrusions into STEMM and the amplification in the last 2–3 years are potentially due to ‘concept creep,’ psychogenic contamination, herd behaviour and, for activists, strategical equivocation (motte-and-bailey fallacy).By denying truth and reality, science is reduced to a pointless, if entertaining game; a meaningless, if exacting exercise; and a destinationless, if enjoyable journey. (Theocharis and Psimopoulos 1987)Now the characteristic doctrine of modern irrationalists, as we have seen, are: emphasis on will as opposed to thought and feeling; glorification of power, belief in intuition ‘positing’ of propositions as opposed to observational and inductive testing. (Russell 1936)
Proposal of Technique for Analysis of Complementary Frequency Selective Surfaces
Authors: da Silva B. S. , Campos A. L. P. S. , Sousa M. E. T. , Silva M. W. B. , Andrade H. D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA specific class of frequency selective surface (FSS) is the complementary frequency selective surface (CFSS) that has interesting characteristics such as high angular stability, multiple transmission and/or reflection bands, and the possibility of miniaturization. The analysis and design of this sort of structure are commonly performed using commercial software, which demands a high computational effort, impacting a longer optimization time. The equivalent circuit model combined with a cascading technique emerges as an alternative method to the use of these softwares, in the optimization of the physical dimensions of these structures, as they model the behavior of a CFSS with low computational effort and optimization time, in addition to being able to be implemented in various programming languages. Thus, this work proposes a CFSS analysis technique that combines the equivalent circuit method with the ABCD matrix. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported research on approximate techniques for CFSS analysis. The chosen geometry was the circular ring, due to high angular stability and polarization independence. The modeling of the equivalent circuit for patch and aperture geometries is presented. Some structures are simulated, and the results are compared with results obtained with the HFSS software. Finally, two prototypes are built to validate the analyses performed.
The Burden of Wildfire Smoke on Respiratory Health in California at the Zip Code Level: Uncovering the Disproportionate Impacts of Differential Fine Particle Composition
Authors: Darling Rachel , Hansen Kristen , Aguilera Rosana , Basu Rupa , Benmarhnia Tarik , Letellier Noémie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWildfires constitute a growing source of extremely high levels of particulate matter that is less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5). Recently, toxicologic and epidemiologic studies have shown that PM2.5 generated from wildfires may have a greater health burden than PM2.5 generated from other pollutant sources. This study examined the impact of PM2.5 on hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in California between 2006 and 2019 using a health impact assessment approach that considers differential concentration‐response functions (CRF) for PM2.5 from wildfire and non‐wildfire sources of emissions. We quantified the burden of respiratory hospitalizations related to PM2.5 exposure at the zip code level through two different approaches: (a) naïve (considering the same CRF for all PM2.5 emissions) and (b) nuanced (considering different CRFs for PM2.5 from wildfires and from other sources). We conducted a Geographically Weighted Regression to analyze spatially varying relationships between the delta (i.e., the difference between the naïve and nuanced approaches) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). A higher attributable number of respiratory hospitalizations was found when accounting for the larger health burden of wildfire PM2.5. We found that, between 2006 and 2019, the number of hospitalizations attributable to PM2.5 may have been underestimated by approximately 13% as a result of not accounting for the higher CRF of wildfire‐related PM2.5 throughout California. This underestimation was higher in northern California and areas with higher SVI rankings. The relationship between delta and SVI varied spatially across California. These findings can be useful for updating future air pollution guideline recommendations.
Coupled Feedbacks From the Tropical Pacific to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Orihuela‐Pinto Bryam , Santoso Agus , England Matthew H. , Taschetto Andréa S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe tropical Pacific Ocean is a key regulator of Earth's climate, with teleconnections that influence remote locations all around the world. Here we use partially coupled climate model experiments to show that tropical Pacific cooling related to an abrupt Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown can strengthen the AMOC by ∼25%. This tropical‐extratropical teleconnection occurs initially via atmospheric Rossby waves propagating from the tropical Pacific to the North Atlantic which alter surface climate conditions locally. These changes facilitate ocean heat loss from the subpolar gyre, favoring enhanced oceanic convection. The AMOC strengthening is subsequently enhanced by anomalous northward salt advection in the Atlantic, with a potential contribution from oceanic wave adjustment triggered by increased Southern Ocean westerly winds. These results highlight the influence of the tropical Pacific on the AMOC on multidecadal timescales and suggest that cold phases of tropical Pacific decadal variability could drive temporary strengthening of the AMOC.
Predictability of the Most Long‐Lived Tropical Cyclone Freddy (2023) During Its Westward Journey Through the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Liu Hao‐Yan , Satoh Masaki , Gu Jian‐Feng , Lei Lili , Tang Jianping , Tan Zhe‐Min , Wang Yuqing , Xu Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the predictability of the most long‐lived tropical cyclone (TC) Freddy in 2023 while it traversed westward across the southern tropical Indian Ocean during the first 18 days of its existence. Global ensemble forecasts revealed southward track deflection and intensity underestimation of Freddy. We identified three key factors contributing to the limited predictability of Freddy, which are associated with the Mascarene High, Storm Dingani, and Freddy itself. The large track errors of Freddy can be attributed to the underestimated strength of the Mascarene High, the more northeastern position of Dingani, and the presence of excessively large or small sizes of Freddy. These findings were further validated through a high‐resolution regional model. Specifically, Freddy's track and intensity most closely matched the observations when these three factors were most closely represented. It underscores the pivotal role played by the interaction between TCs and multi‐scale systems in TC forecasts.
Large‐Amplitude Shocklets With Trapped Hot‐Electrons in Space Plasmas
Authors: Alharbi M. , Ali S. , Naeem I. , Al‐Hadeethi Yas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge‐amplitude stationary electron‐acoustic (EA) waves are studied, which are developed into the shocklets with the passage of time in an unmagnetized non‐isothermal plasma. The latter comprises two groups of electrons; namely the hot and cool electrons that are distinctly characterized by different electron densities and temperatures. On an EA timescale, the cool electrons behave as fluid, while non‐isothermal hot electrons obey the vortex‐like trapped distribution in the background of immobile ions. The nonlinear fluid equations are solved together both analytically and numerically within the framework of diagonalization matrix technique. Various parameters such as the free hot‐to‐trapped hot electron temperature ratio (β), the cool electron density ratio (α), and the cool‐to‐hot electron temperature ratio (σ) are numerically analyzed for dayside auroral zone plasma, showing a significant modification of solitary and shocklet structures. The plasma model is also applied to the electron diffusion region at the earth magnetopause, revealing the potential excitations depending significantly on the trapping parameter. These findings are important for understanding the nonlinear properties and steepening effects of the EA waves, especially in auroral zone and electron diffusion regions of earth's magnetosphere, where different types of electron populations are observed.
Lightning and Gravity Wave Signatures Produced by the Hunga‐Tonga Volcanic Eruption on Global Geomagnetic Data
Authors: Chandrasekhar N. Phani , Archana Radhakrishnan , Arora Kusumita 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcoustic gravity waves (AGWs) have a significant impact on the thermosphere‐ionosphere (T‐I) system by increasing ionisation variability, transporting energy, velocity, momentum, and creating additional horizontal gradients in the T‐I, all of which influence electromagnetic wave propagation and cause changes in the geomagnetic field. Ground magnetic disturbance measurements can thus map the global and local spatial distribution of T‐I current systems. The Hunga‐Tonga volcano eruption released a tremendous amount of mass and energy into the atmosphere on 15 January 2022, causing AGWs. Furthermore, the related lightning strikes disrupt the Global electric circuit. In this study, we look at (a) global geomagnetic disturbances caused by AGW constrained by VTEC amplitudes at two different sectors, (b) Schuman resonances (SR) parameters derived from modulations of ELF observations caused by the intense lightning phenomena that accompanied the volcanic eruption. Our analysis shows that (a) registration timing of geomagnetic disturbance at each observatory indicates the different modes of propagation between 180 and 350 m/s, indicating low‐frequency AGW components, (b) noticeable changes in SR frequency modes (7–21 Hz) occurred in the total power between 04:15 and 05:45 UT hr at Patiyasar, India, linked to heightened lightning activity, (c) velocities are found to be similar at similar distances in the northern and southern hemispheres from Hunga‐Tonga, (d) time difference between the SR and geomagnetic disturbance signature at observatories is found to have no relation with distance from the eruption, (e) fluctuations in VTEC at the Indian and Russian sectors show that the geomagnetic disturbances are linked to ionospheric perturbations.