bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and stable isotope ratio characteristics of Japanese eel leptocephali in relation to hydrographic structure of their Pacific Ocean spawning area
Authors: Kimura Shingo , Miyazaki Sachie , Onda Hiroaki , Kitagawa Takashi , Miyake Yoichi , Miller Michael J. , Tsukamoto Katsumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo understand the larval distribution, size variation, and stable isotope ratios of Japanese eel leptocephali in relation to the salinity front and their feeding ecology, larvae from 7 research cruises (2002–2013) in the North Equatorial Current (NEC) spawning area were examined. The smallest early‐stage larvae were distributed south of or near the salinity front, confirming that the salinity front is an important oceanic feature to understand spawning locations of the Japanese eel. Larger size larvae tended to distribute into higher latitudes. Transport to northern latitudes with their growth would facilitate transport into the Kuroshio region, but retention in the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) might be detrimental. Preleptocephalus isotope ratios reflected maternal ratios, but feeding‐stage leptocephali (8–56 mm) tended to have higher ∂15N values at lower latitudes typically in areas south of a salinity front. Feeding larvae quickly assimilate isotope ratios from the NEC after spawning and early growth. Large differences of ∂13C values of larvae between the NEC and STCC might vary with spatial baselines in the two currents. However, diel vertical migrations should be considered, because the isotope ratios in particulate organic matter distinctly depend on the depth. Comparisons among Japanese eel larvae and other taxa of leptocephali in the NEC illustrate the need for further studies on the trophic ecology of leptocephali.
Modeling denitrification nitrogen losses in China's rice fields based on multiscale field‐experiment constraints
Authors: Zhang Huayan , Adalibieke Wulahati , Ba Wenxin , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Yu Longfei , Cai Andong , Fu Jin , Yu Haoming , Zhang Wantong , Huang Weichen , Jian Yiwei , Jiang Wenjun , Zhao Zheng , Luo Jiafa , Deng Jia , Zhou Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDenitrification plays a critical role in soil nitrogen (N) cycling, affecting N availability in agroecosystems. However, the challenges in direct measurement of denitrification products (NO, N2O, and N2) hinder our understanding of denitrification N losses patterns across the spatial scale. To address this gap, we constructed a data‐model fusion method to map the county‐scale denitrification N losses from China's rice fields over the past decade. The estimated denitrification N losses as a percentage of N application from 2009 to 2018 were 11.8 ± 4.0% for single rice, 12.4 ± 3.7% for early rice, and 11.6 ± 3.1% for late rice. The model results showed that the spatial heterogeneity of denitrification N losses is primarily driven by edaphic and climatic factors rather than by management practices. In particular, diffusion and production rates emerged as key contributors to the variation of denitrification N losses. These findings humanize a 38.9 ± 4.8 kg N ha−1 N loss by denitrification and challenge the common hypothesis that substrate availability drives the pattern of N losses by denitrification in rice fields.
Nitrogen application during rhizoma peanut shoot emergence affects planting‐year nitrogen fixation
Authors: Aryal Parmeshwor , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux José C. B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; RP) is an important perennial forage legume in the US Gulf Coast region, but it is vegetatively propagated from rhizomes and relatively slow to establish. There are reports that N fertilization enhances RP establishment, but other evidence suggests plant N content and establishment rate may not benefit. Understanding the effect of N fertilizer on RP biological N2 fixation will help elucidate this response. Our objective was to determine the effect of RP genotype and N fertilization during shoot emergence on N2 fixation and N accumulation during the year of planting. Replicated field experiments were conducted in adjoining fields; one was planted in 2016 and the other in 2017. Treatments were the factorial combinations of two RP entries (decumbent germplasm Ecoturf and upright cultivar ‘UF Tito’) and three N rates (0, 40, and 80 kg N ha−1 applied 10 wk after planting; 1% of total N as 15N) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Across N rates, upright cultivar UF Tito generally had greater N concentration and content in aboveground and belowground plant parts compared with decumbent germplasm Ecoturf. Nitrogen fertilization generally reduced the percentage of N derived from atmosphere and the amount of fixed N (BNF) during the year of planting, but it did not affect overall N concentration or content. These data suggest RP increased soil N uptake to compensate for reduced BNF following N fertilization, indicating starter N application had no measurable benefit for legume establishment under these conditions.
Self‐recognition through Dectin‐1 exacerbates liver inflammation
Authors: Torigoe Shota , Lowman Douglas W. , Sugiki Toshihiko , Williams David L. , Yamasaki Sho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDectin‐1 is a well‐characterized C‐type lectin receptor involved in anti‐fungal immunity through the recognition of polysaccharides; however, molecular mechanisms and outcomes initiated through self‐recognition have not been fully understood. Here, we purified a water‐soluble fraction from mouse liver that acts as a Dectin‐1 agonist. To address the physiological relevance of this recognition, we utilized sterile liver inflammation models. The CCl4‐induced hepatitis model showed that Dectin‐1 deficiency led to reduced inflammation through decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and lower pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, in a NASH model induced by streptozotocin and a high‐fat diet, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were ameliorated in Dectin‐1‐deficient mice. The Dectin‐1 agonist activity was increased in the water‐soluble fraction from NASH mice, suggesting a potential pathogenic cycle between Dectin‐1 activation and hepatitis progression. In vivo administration of the fraction into mice induced hepatic inflammation. These results highlight a role of self‐recognition through Dectin‐1 that triggers hepatic innate immune responses and contributes to the exacerbation of inflammation in pathogenic settings. Thus, the blockade of this axis may provide a therapeutic option for liver inflammatory diseases.
Physical activity and factor VIII levels in patients with haemophilia: A real‐world prospective observational study
Authors: Tomschi Fabian , Hmida Jamil , Herzig Steffen , Ransmann Pia , Brühl Marius , Schmidt Alexander , Herzig Marie , Goldmann Georg , Strauß Andreas C. , Oldenburg Johannes , Richter Heinrich , Hilberg Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionRegular physical activity (PA) is recommended for patients with haemophilia (PwH). For PwH it is crucial to ensure a sufficient factor level to prevent PA‐induced bleedings. However, there is a gap in the literature dealing with specific factor levels, which are needed when performing specific types of PA.AimTo provide data on factor VIII (FVIII) levels at the start of PA performed by PwH.MethodsIn this prospective 12‐month real‐world observational study, 23 PwH recorded every PA they performed and the FVIII levels at the start of the PA using a pharmacokinetic application. PA types were clustered according to the collision and injury risk into three categories (Cat I = low, Cat II = medium, Cat III = high risk). Haemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were performed at baseline, after 6 and 12 months.Results795 PA sessions of Cat I, 193 of Cat II, and 23 of Cat III were documented. FVIII levels at the start of PA were different between categories (Cat I: 29.8 ± 32.1%, Cat II: 38.3 ± 33.4%, Cat III: 86.6 ± 29.2%). Out of all PA sessions, 145 (14%) were performed at a factor level of ≤3%. Three PA‐induced bleeding occurred. Baseline HJHS was 14.5 ± 13.6 points and did not change throughout the study.ConclusionThis study provides real‐life data on FVIII levels at the start of 1011 PA sessions. PwH are mainly active in low‐risk sports with higher FVIII levels observed in Cat II and III, respectively. Only three PA‐induced bleeding occurred, even though several PA were started with low FVIII levels.
Acute upper limb ischemia caused by thrombus shedding during arteriovenous graft thrombolysis: A case report
Authors: Sun Changli , Wan Ziming , Lai Qiquan , Tu Bo , Chen Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcute upper limb ischemia is a rare, potentially limb‐ or life‐threatening vascular emergency that may lead to limb dysfunction or amputation. We present a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who was hospitalized for arteriovenous graft thrombus complicated by acute upper limb ischemia arising from thrombus shedding to the fingertip arteries during thrombolysis. We successfully restored fingertip arterial patency, avoided amputation, and recovered the function of the arteriovenous graft by precise thrombolysis, anticoagulation, correction of arteriospasm, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This case provides a basis for vascular access surgeons to treat acute upper limb ischemia caused by thromboembolism similarly.
In‐situ reaction sintered ReB2–B4C composite by reactive spark plasma sintering
Authors: Long Ying , Wang Shixuan , Zhang Guihao , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe high cost of ReB2 limits its application as a member of novel high‐hardness materials, which can be alleviated by forming composites with cheap compound(s). In the present study, a dense ReB2–B4C composite was fabricated via in situ reactive sintering by spark plasma sintering with Re and B13C2 (Re:B = 1:20) as raw materials. The phase composition, microstructure, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of the obtained composite were characterized, and the reaction mechanism, crack propagation, and toughening mechanism were clarified. XRD, SEM, Raman, and XPS results revealed that the obtained composite is mainly composed of ReB2 and B4C phases, with a small amount of free B and graphite coexisted. Vickers hardness of 33.5 ± 4.4 GPa under 0.49 N load and 24.6 ± 1.5 GPa under 4.9 N load and fracture toughness of 5.02 ± 0.37 MPa·m1/2 were observed for the obtained composite. The toughening mechanism of the obtained ReB2–B4C composite including crack deflection crack and cracking bridging was analyzed in detail.
From smuggled migrants to ‘alleged smugglers’: Empirical evidence and policy perspectives on the criminalization of people on the move in Italy
Authors: Alagna Federico 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince 2014, numerous people on the move have been accused of migrant smuggling in Italian courts for steering makeshift vessels or for assisting in navigation across the Mediterranean Sea. This is the case regardless of the fact that such behaviour was the result of coercion or threats. In this contribution, drawing upon extensive empirical research and following a socio‐legal paradigm, I first explore the criminalization of people on the move in relation to migrant smuggling charges in the years following the so‐called 2014–2015 refugee crisis and discuss the impact on their rights. Second, I tackle the issue from a policy perspective, considering three potential EU/national policy reforms and the ways in which they could successfully address an existing policy problem. Such reforms vary in scope, from a damage limitation logic to a fully fledged change of paradigm, and the three can be described as follows: alignment of EU and national frameworks with the United Nations Protocol against migrant smuggling; a more significant differentiation between migrant smuggling and the facilitation of undocumented migration; and an explicit exoneration from criminal liability for people on the move accused of migrant smuggling. This article presents innovative insights, providing on the one hand an up‐to‐date empirical understanding of this form of criminalization of people on the move and, on the other, extensive reflections on the way in which policy reforms could prevent it.
An algorithm for the characterization of influenza A viruses from various host species and environments
Authors: Pulscher Laura A. , Webby Richard J. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the extensive host range of influenza A viruses, it is difficult to determine the best diagnostic algorithm to efficiently screen samples from a variety of host species for influenza A viruses. While there are some influenza diagnostic algorithms that are specific to host species, to our knowledge, no single algorithm exists for the characterization of influenza A viruses across multiple host species. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can serve as a guide for screening human, animal, and environmental samples for influenza A viruses of high human and animal health importance.
Living with unsettled baby behaviours: Qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help‐seeking
Authors: Hornsey Samantha J. , Dobson Amy , Ghio Daniela , Henaghan‐Sykes Kate , Adams Sue , Lovegrove Elizabeth , Santer Miriam , Muller Ingrid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore parents' perceptions/experiences of help‐seeking for unsettled baby behaviours, including views and experiences of obtaining advice from primary healthcare professionals.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews.MethodsRecruitment occurred via social media, general practice and health visiting teams. Remote semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of babies. Babies were under 12 months old at time of interview, and parents had perceived unsettled baby behaviours in their first 4 months of life. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsBased on interviews with 25 mothers, four main themes were developed. ‘The need for answers’ highlighted parental uncertainty about what constitutes normal baby behaviour, leading to help‐seeking from multiple sources. ‘The importance of health professionals’ and ‘Experiencing health professional support’ identified perceptions about limited access, communication, mixed advice and how these influenced parental perception/management of behaviours. ‘Foundations to help‐seeking’ highlighted important roles of social support and online help for valued shared experiences, emotional and practical support.ConclusionHealth professional access and advice are important to parents, despite the increasing role of online help and importance of social support. More support and improved access to reliable sources of information is needed for parents.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareFindings will inform future research and clinical practice to address parental uncertainties. Qualitative research with front‐line health professionals is necessary.ImpactFindings can inform the development of resources to support professionals/families managing unsettled babies.Reporting MethodStandards for Reporting Qualitative Research.Public InvolvementA public contributor was involved throughout all stages of the research. Emerging findings were discussed at a parent group.What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?

Addressing parental uncertainties is important; about what is normal, non‐pharmacological approaches and when pharmacological intervention is required.

A digital information/self‐management intervention may be useful for parents/clinicians.
A holistic approach to fragile X syndrome integrated guidance for person‐centred care
Authors: Johnson Kirsten , Stanfield Andrew C. , Scerif Gaia , McKechanie Andrew , Clarke Angus , Herring Jonathan , Smith Kayla , Crawford Hayley 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Fragile X community has expressed a desire for centralised, national guidelines in the form of integrated guidance for Fragile X Syndrome (FXS).MethodsThis article draws on existing literature reviews, primary research and clinical trials on FXS, a Fragile X Society conference workshop and first‐hand experience of clinicians who have worked with those living with FXS over many years.ResultsThe article scopes proposed integrated guidance over the life course, including appendices of symptoms, comorbidities and referral options for FXS and Fragile X Premutation Associated Conditions.ConclusionIntegrated guidance would provide an authoritative source for doctors, health professionals, therapists, care workers, social workers, educators, employers, families and those living with FXS, so that a holistic, person‐centred approach can be taken across the United Kingdom to garner the best outcomes for those with FXS.
Exploring the relationships between pathogen‐specific prenatal infections requiring inpatient admission and domains of offspring behaviour at age 5
Authors: Betts Kim Steven , Kisely Steve , Alati Rosa 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundResearch exploring the relationship between prenatal infection and child behavioural outcomes would benefit from further studies utilising full‐population samples with the scale to investigate specific infections and to employ robust designs. We tested the association among several common infections requiring inpatient admission during and after pregnancy with a range of childhood behavioural outcomes, to determine whether any negative impact was specific to the period of foetal development.MethodsThe sample included all mother–offspring pairs from the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) for whom the child commenced their first year of full‐time schooling in 2009 (~age 5 years; n = 77,302 offspring), with records linked across four health administrative data sets including the NSW perinatal data collection (PDC), the NSW admitted patient data collection (APDC) and the NSW component of the 2009 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). Multivariable linear regression was used to test associations between a number of infections requiring inpatient admission during and after pregnancy with a range of teacher assessed behavioural outcomes.ResultsAssociations specific to the prenatal period were only found for streptococcus A although this would need to be reproduced in external samples given the low prevalence. Otherwise, 12 out of 15 selected infections either showed no association prenatally or also demonstrated associations in the 12 months after pregnancy. For example, prenatal hepatitis C, influenza and urinary E. coli infections were associated with lower scores of several domains of childhood behaviour, but even stronger associations were found when these same maternal infections occurred after pregnancy.ConclusionsThe prenatal infections we tested appeared not to impact childhood behaviour by altering foetal neurodevelopment. Rather, the strong associations we found among infections occurring during and after pregnancy point to either residual socioeconomic/lifestyle factors or a shared familial/genetic liability between infections and behavioural problems.
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among MSM living with HIV in India
Authors: Iqbal Hussain Syed , Gunaratne Mihili P. , Loeb Talia A. , Pradeep Amrose , McFall Allison M. , Srikrishnan Aylur K. , Anderson Mark , Rodgers Mary A. , Celentano David D. , Mehta Shruti H. , Clohertly Gavin A. , Solomon Sunil S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeople living with HIV (PWH) have been shown to bear a higher burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) due to shared routes and risk factors for transmission. Populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) are at an increased risk of both being infected with HBV and HIV, that places them at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Using weighted and adjusted multilevel logistic regression, we characterized the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among MSM living with HIV across 12 Indian cities from 2012 to 2013. Overall, the prevalence of HBsAg was 8% (range across cities: 0.5%–19%). Being between the ages of 25–34, and 35–44 increased the odds of having chronic HBV infection compared to MSM 24 years or younger. Daily or seasonal employment and being unemployed increased the odds of HBsAg prevalence compared to those with monthly or weekly wages. Sexual risk behaviours such as having had sex with both men and women in the prior 6 months and history of sex work increased the odds of having HBV. Ever having insertive sex with a man or hijra (assigned male at birth, currently identifies as female/nonbinary) was negatively associated with HBV. Despite the existence of efficacious vaccines, HBV continues to have high prevalence among PWHs. Programmes to increase early screening, vaccinations and HBV literacy are urgently needed. Integrating HBV and HIV programmes for MSM populations could be critical in addressing this dual burden and improving outcomes for both infections.
Pharmacotherapy causing weight gain and metabolic alteration in those with obesity and obesity‐related conditions: A review
Authors: Anekwe Chika V. , Ahn Yoon Ji , Bajaj Simar Singh , Stanford Fatima Cody 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review aims to summarize pharmacological interventions that may affect adiposity and metabolic equilibrium in individuals with obesity. Pharmacological therapy is frequently used to treat medical conditions that are both directly related to obesity (such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes) and indirectly related to obesity (such as asthma, insomnia, and type 1 diabetes). This pharmacological therapy may result in weight gain and alterations in the metabolic profile. Many medication classes are implicated in the pharmacologic causes of weight gain, including antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, beta‐adrenergic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, insulin, neuropathic agents, sleep agents, and steroids. This article describes the mechanisms of action and pathways of pharmacological interventions causing obesity.
Preservice teachers' mathematical knowledge for teaching: Focus on lesson planning and reflection
Authors: Sapkota Bima , Hayes Amanda Huffman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMathematics teacher educators have suggested preservice mathematics teachers' (PMTs') practices provide evidence of their mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). PMTs engage in approximations of practice to rehearse teaching. To explore connections between MKT and PMTs’ practices, we operationalized six MKT subdomains in terms of approximations of practice. We used that operationalization to investigate, which subdomains were evidenced in PMTs’ lesson plans and their lesson plan reflections. Eleven secondary PMTs participated in our study. Using a qualitative content analysis method, we found Knowledge of Content and Teaching most evidenced, suggesting that the PMTs demonstrated MKT when they described mathematical tasks and associated instructional activities. Also, the PMTs demonstrated Knowledge of Content and Students when they described how their students would engage with proposed mathematical tasks. However, the PMTs struggled to plan for activities by building on students’ potential mathematical thinking and reasoning. Only limited instances of Horizon Content Knowledge suggest that the PMTs had limited opportunities to demonstrate how their advanced mathematical knowledge connected with their mathematics teaching in the approximations of practice provided. We propose alternative forms of approximations of practice to optimize PMTs’ opportunities to demonstrate and develop MKT.