bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum biochemical changes in dogs competing in a long-distance sled race
Authors: Hinchcliff K. W. , Olson J. , Crusberg C. , Kenyon J. , Long R. , Royle W. , Weber W. , Burr J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Fifty-five blood samples were collected from 28 dogs competing in the 1991 Yukon Quest International Sled-Dog Race to examine race-induced changes in serum biochemical values. Blood was collected after a 36-hour mandatory rest at the midpoint of the race, and again at 2 subsequent checkpoints. The mean speed of dogs between checkpoints was approximately 4.5 mph. There were no significant increases in PCV, or in serum total protein, sodium, or creatinine concentrations during the race. Mean serum potassium concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 4.8 ± 0.4 to 4.4 ± 0.3 to 3.9 ± 0.3 mEq/L, as did the serum triglyceride concentration (138 ± 52, 88 ± 25, 81 ± 16 mg/dl). Plasma cortisol concentration did not change significantly. Increases in the mean serum activity of creatine kinase (167, 420, 344 U/L), and aspartate aminotransferase (55, 79, 62 U/L) during the race were significant (P < 0.05). Participation in a long-distance sled race was associated with mild changes in routinely measured serum biochemical values in dogs.
Adverse effects of administration of propofol with various preanesthetic regimens in dogs
Authors: Smith J. A. , Gaynor J. S. , Bednarski R. M. , Muir W. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The effects of propofol on anesthetic induction were evaluated in 40 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Propofol is a rapidly acting, nonbarbiturate drug that induces anesthesia of ultrashort duration with iv administration. Four preanesthetic regimens were used: anesthesia without preanesthetic drugs; or with preanesthetic administration of acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, im), diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, iv), or acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) im. Heart rate, systolic arterial blood pressure (sap), respiration, quality of induction and recovery, and adverse effects were recorded. Intravenous propofol administration induced a variable period of apnea in 34 of 40 dogs. Cyanosis (in 2 dogs) and signs of pain on injection (in 3 dogs) were infrequently observed during induction. One dog developed ventricular premature depolarizations after propofol administration. Venous CO2 tension increased and pH decreased immediately after propofol administration, regardless of preanesthetic regimen. The sap significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after propofol administration in dogs treated with acepromazine (sap, 178 mm of Hg before vs 128 mm of Hg after propofol) and with acepromazine/butorphanol (sap, 184 mm of Hg before vs 98 mm of Hg after propofol). When used for induction, propofol induces anesthetic-related adverse effects, some of which can be minimized by preanesthetic medication. Recovery characteristics varied with preanesthetic medication, independent of propofol administration.
Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of rabies in cats
Authors: Fogelman Vicky , Fischman Harvey R. , Horman Joseph T. , Grigor Jack K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The epizootic of rabies in raccoons in Maryland has been accompanied by 129 confirmed cases of rabies in cats from Jan 1, 1983 to Sept 30, 1992 and only 12 cases in dogs. An epidemiologic and clinical study of rabies in cats was conducted for the period Jan 1, 1983 to May 31, 1986. Only 3 of 31 rabid cats had a history of being currently vaccinated against rabies, and 13 were of unknown ownership. A history of prior wound or injury within 6 months of onset of signs of rabies was reported in 11 of the cats and most of these had a wound in a hind limb. The median interval between reporting of a wound and a development of rabies was 4 to 6 weeks.
Rabies in cats is difficult to diagnose in the early stages and, of the 14 cats examined by a veterinarian, only 3 were believed to have rabies on initial examination. Major signs of rabies in cats reported by veterinarians included behavior change, gait abnormality, strange or unusual look in the eyes, and a wound within the preceding 6 months. Owners reported increased frequency of vocalization as an early sign. Postexposure treatment was given to 194 human beings including 63 veterinarians or their personnel. The estimated cost of postexposure biologics was $68,000.
Radiographic anatomy and technique for arthrography of the cubital joint in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Lowry Jennifer E. , Carpenter Larry G. , Park Richard D. , Steyn Phillip F. , Schwarz Peter D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A technique for arthrography of the cubital joint in clinically normal large-breed dogs was developed with the objective of improving visualization of the articular margin of the medial coronoid process. A lateral approach to the cubital joint for injection of contrast medium was selected. Arthrography of 24 cubital joints was performed by using 14 dogs. Twelve combinations of iodinated contrast medium, consisting of various concentrations (3) and volumes (4), were used. Two sets of arthrograms for each of the 12 combinations of contrast medium were obtained. Five radiographic views were used for each set.
All arthrograms were examined by 3 evaluators, and each articular surface received a numerical rating for how well it could be seen in each view. Results of the evaluation indicated that low volumes of contrast medium were preferable to high volumes, with 2 ml providing the best visualization. Concentration of iodine seemed less important than did volume.
The numerical ratings also indicated that the articular margin of the coronoid process was clearly observed a maximum of only 24% of the time on a slightly supinated mediolateral projection. The articular margins of the head of the radius, trochlea humeri, and trochlear notch were well visualized > 90% of the time.
Arthrography of the cubital joint was technically easy to perform, and complications were not encountered, but arthrographic anatomy of the cubital joint is complex. Potential uses for arthrography of the cubital joint include diagnosis of osteochondrosis, intraarticular fragments, and joint capsule ruptures.
Causes and costs of calf mortality in Colorado beef herds participating in the National Animal Health Monitoring System
Authors: Wittum T. E. , Salman M. D. , Odde K. G. , Mortimer R. G. , King M. E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seventy-three Colorado cow/calf operations were monitored for calf mortality from birth to weaning as part of their participation in the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Producer-observed causes of calf mortality, and the costs associated with these deaths were obtained. The overall calf mortality during the study was 4.5%, with a total associated cost of $237,478. The mean cost per calf death was $216, of which $208 was attributed to the potential value of the calf and an additional $8 was for veterinary, drug, producer's labor, and carcass disposal expenses. The most commonly reported causes of calf mortality were dystocia (17.5%), stillbirth (12.4%), hypothermia (12.2%), diarrhea (11.5%), and respiratory infections (7.6%). These 5 disease conditions accounted for > 60% of all calf deaths. A cause was not determined for 19.7% of the calf deaths. Beef producers and veterinarians have the potential to decrease calf mortality and increase profits in cow/calf operations by implementing management strategies and herd health programs designed to decrease the number of calf deaths caused by these disease conditions.
Incidence and economics of tuberculosis in swine slaughtered from 1976 to 1988
Authors: Dey B. P. , Parham G. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The Swine Tuberculosis Regulations, revised in 1972, stipulated that all swine carcasses with mycobacterial lesions in more than 2 primary sites should be passed for cooking (pfc). Economic loss from a condemned carcass is 100%, whereas loss from a pfc carcass is 66%. Increased condemned and pfc swine carcass rates in 1972, 1973, and 1974, and the economic losses from them were attributed to changes in the regulations. An industrial organization estimated increased economic losses from swine tuberculosis, but detected decreased rates of condemned and pfc swine carcasses in 1975 and 1986. The federal meat inspection data for 1976 to 1988 indicated that the yearly condemned carcass rate remained < 8.0/100,000 swine slaughtered, whereas the pfc carcass rate decreased by 74.1%, from 52.4 to 13.6/100,000 swine slaughtered. The incidence (condemned + pfc) per 100,000 swine slaughtered decreased by 67.7%, from 58.03 in 1976 to 18.72 in 1988. The Agricultural Statistics indicated that a yearly loss from tuberculosis of $2.3 million in 1976 decreased by 73% to $0.97 million in 1988. A yearly loss of $41,580/ $100 million of animal value decreased by 70% to $12,880/$100 million in 1988. The decreased incidence of swine tuberculosis and the economic losses with this disease indicate that the swine industry in the United States was not adversely affected by the change in the Swine Tuberculosis Regulations.
Comparison of the efficacy of cefadroxil and generic and proprietary cephalexin in the treatment of pyoderma in dogs
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Kunkle Gail A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
We compared efficacy of cefadroxil and generic and proprietary cephalexin in treatment of pyoderma in dogs. Forty-four dogs were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 3 preparations at 22 to 35 mg/kg body weight, every 12 hours. Dogs were examined at the conclusion of treatment period and assessed as to degree of improvement. All 3 cephalosporins were effective and safe antibiotics for the treatment of pyoderma in dogs.
Effects of diazepam, acepromazine, detomidine, and xylazine on thiamylal anesthesia in horses
Authors: Muir William W. , Mason Diane E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The cardiorespiratory effects of thiamylal (10 mg/kg of body weight, iv) and the effects of preanesthetic medication with diazepam, acepromazine, detomidine, or xylazine administered prior to a thiamylal dosage of 6 mg/kg, iv, were evaluated in 6 adult horses. The quality of recovery from thiamylal anesthesia also was evaluated. Intravenous administration of thiamylal at a dosage of 10 mg/kg increased heart rate, systemic arterial, pulmonary artery, and central venous blood pressures, as well as cardiac output and arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2). The maximal rate of right ventricular pressure increase (RVdP/ dtmax), respiratory rate, and arterial partial pressure of Ο2 (PaO2) decreased, whereas arterial pH and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. Preanesthetic medication with diazepam prior to iv administration of thiamylal (6 mg/kg) did not change the pattern of this response, but diazepam did increase heart rate, cardiac output, and respiratory rate during the recovery period. Administration of acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg, iv) prior to administration of thiamylal increased heart rate and decreased systemic arterial and central venous blood pressures and systemic vascular resistance. Detomidine (10 μg/kg, iv), administered prior to thiamylal, decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and respiratory rate, and increased right atrial blood pressure. Administration of xylazine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, iv) prior to thiamylal induced effects qualitatively similar to detomidine. Thiamylal decreased RVdP/dtmax and PaO2 in horses that received diazepam, acepromazine, detomidine, or xylazine.
Horses receiving 10 mg of thiamylal/kg, iv, or 0.1 mg of diazepam/kg, iv, prior to thiamylal (6 mg/kg, iv) had the most difficulty in attaining a standing position. Horses receiving 10 mg of thiamylal/kg, iv, or acepromazine, detomidine, or xylazine (1 mg/kg, iv) prior to thiamylal (6 mg/kg, iv) had the longest anesthesia time. Results indicated that bolus injections of thiamylal used to induce short-term anesthesia in horses increase heart rate, systemic arterial, pulmonary artery, and central venous pressures, as well as PacO2, but decrease RVdP/dtmax, respiratory rate, and PaO2. Further, the recovery process was improved by administration of acepromazine, detomidine, or xylazine, but not diazepam, as preanesthetic medication.
Cutaneous histamine reactivity, histamine content of commercial allergens, and potential for false-positive skin test reactions in dogs
Authors: Phillips Margaret K. , Manning Thomas O. , Nolte Hendrik , Bevier Diane E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The cutaneous reactivity of normal and atopic dogs to intradermal injections of histamine phosphate was evaluated. Significant differences were not found in the mean wheal diameters of either group. Commercial allergens used for intradermal skin testing and immunotherapy were determined to contain histamine. To determine whether allergen histamine content was sufficient to cause false-positive skin test results, the cutaneous response of Johnson grass allergic dogs was compared, using commercial Johnson grass allergen and commercial Johnson grass allergen with histamine removed. Significant differences were not noticed between Johnson grass and dehistaminized Johnson grass. Therefore, the histamine content of commercial Johnson grass allergen did not appear to cause false-positive skin test results for this group of Johnson grass allergic dogs.
Treatment of gastric dilatation-volvulus and a rapid method for prevention of relapse in dogs: 134 cases (1988–1991)
Authors: Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Harder Antina , Fehr Michael , Lüerssen Dirk , Brunnberg Leo 
Published: December 2023

Summary
During a 3.3-year period, gastric dilatation-volvulus was diagnosed in 134 dogs. Thirteen of them died or were euthanatized prior to treatment. In 33 dogs, decompression and emptying of the stomach was successfully performed via a gastric tube. Rate of recurrence was 75.8% (25/33) for these dogs. Eighty-eight dogs were treated surgically. In all but 1 surgically treated dog, a new technique for gastropexy was performed for prevention of relapse. For the 5-cm-long gastropexy, the pyloric antrum was incorporated in the cranial suture of the abdominal wall. Of the surgically treated group, 63 dogs (79.7%) were discharged from the clinic in good condition. Recurrence of gastric dilatation, without evidence of gastric volvulus, 2 (n = 3) and 6 (n = 1) months after surgery, was observed in 6.6% (4/61) of surgically treated dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus. Four (6.6%) of the 61 dogs died or were euthanatized because of other causes, but had been without signs of gastric dilatation within a mean of 19 months after surgery. In the remaining 53 dogs (86.8%), relapse had not been observed by the end of the follow-up period. In dogs with surgical treatment of gastric dilatation-volvulus, recurrence rate (6.6%) was significantly (P < 0.0001) different from that in those with medical treatment (75.8%). This study indicated that recurrence of gastric dilatation-volvulus may be prevented with this simple and fast gastropexy technique.
Epizootic canine rabies transmitted by coyotes in south Texas
Authors: Clark Keith A. , Neill Susan U. , Smith Jean S. , Wilson Pamela J. , Whadford Victor W. , McKirahan George W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Prior to 1988, rabies was reported only sporadically in coyotes. However, in the final 4 months of 1988, Starr County, Tex, which is situated on the US-Mexico border, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies, consisting of 6 laboratory-confirmed cases of rabies in coyotes and of 2 cases in domestic dogs. The first 3 cases were detected in coyotes, and the first case in a domestic dog was observed 84 days after the index case. Adjacent Hidalgo County reported 9 cases of rabies in dogs during the same time that rabid dogs were being reported in Starr County. In 1989, the epizootic primarily involved dogs: 15 dogs in Starr County and 19 dogs in Hidalgo County. Five rabid coyotes were reported in Starr County in 1989, and 1 rabid coyote was reported from Hidalgo County. In 1990, rabies was reported in 3 coyotes and in 31 dogs in Starr County; cases were not detected in Hidalgo County. During 1991, the epizootic expanded approximately 160 km northward, resulting in laboratory-confirmed cases in 42 coyotes and 25 dogs in 10 counties. In 1992, Webb and Willacy Counties became involved; 70 rabid coyotes and 41 rabid dogs were reported in 1992 from the 12-county area. During the first 6 months of 1993, there were 31 rabid coyotes and 38 rabid dogs reported from the same 12 south Texas counties. In May 1993, a raccoon infected with the canine rabies ecotype was reported from Cameron County. Antigenic and genetic analysis revealed the virus ecotype affecting dogs and coyotes to be that associated with urban canine rabies along the US-Mexico border.
Herd prevalence and geographic distribution of, and risk factors for, bovine paratuberculosis in Wisconsin
Authors: Collins Μ. T. , Sockett D. C. , Goodger W. J. , Conrad T. A. , Thomas C. B. , Carr D. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A random sample of Wisconsin dairy herds, stratified by herd size, were tested for paratuberculosis by use of an absorbed ELISA procedure. The ELISA was optimized for overall accuracy by means of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and had a sensitivity and specificity of 50.9 and 94.9%, respectively. Herd prevalence was analyzed for correlation with responses to a management practices questionnaire completed by the herd owners. One hundred and fifty-eight herds and 4,990 cattle were tested. Of these, 50% of herds and 7.29% of cattle had positive test results. Calculation of true prevalence from the apparent prevalence indicated that 4.79% of cattle and 34% of the Wisconsin dairy herds tested had serologic evidence of paratuberculosis. Among the 54 herds classified as positive on the basis of true prevalence estimation, the mean number of test positive cattle was 20.3%. The geographic distribution of herds with positive results was not uniform. More infected herds were found in the southern and western districts of Wisconsin than in the eastern district. The westcentral district had a larger number of infected herds than did other districts. By use of χ2 analysis, the only management factor found to be significantly associated with herd prevalence was housing of calves after weaning (P = 0.03). Specifically, in herds with higher prevalence, calves were separated after weaning into calf barns and hutches rather than into pens in the cow barn more often than in herds with lower prevalence. This factor was also considered significant by use of logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis also revealed that herd size and location of farm by district of the state were significantly related to herd paratuberculosis prevalence.
Use of positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 41 cases (1990-1992)
Authors: King Lesley G. , Hendricks Joan C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (ppv) is an invasive means of respiratory support that is indicated in animals with central and peripheral neuromuscular disease, as well as in those with primary disorders of the lung parenchyma. We reviewed the medical records of 34 dogs and 7 cats treated with ppv. The animals could be allotted to 2 groups; group 1 (21/41) had primary failure of ventilation attributable to neuromuscular disease or airway obstruction, and group 2 (20/41) had primary pulmonary parenchymal disease.
Mean inspiratory time was 1.02 ± 0.2 seconds (range, 0.6 to 1.5 seconds). Mean inspiratory flow was 26.9 ± 18.5 L/min (range, 7 to 87 L/min), and was positively correlated with body weight (R = 0.57). Mean set respiratory rate was 19.6 ± 10 breaths/min (range, 5 to 60 breaths/min), with mean tidal volume of 15.5 ± 6.2 ml/kg of body weight. Positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) was required in 14 of 20 dogs in group 2. Mean peak airway pressure in group 1 was 21.6 ± 6.3 cm of H2O, whereas in group 2 it was 32.9 ± 12.5 cm of H2O. The higher peak airway pressure in group-2 dogs reflected poor lung compliance and the use of peep in dogs with parenchymal lung disease. Mean duration of ppv was 28.2 ± 29.4 hours (range, 2 to 137 hours).
The overall survival rate was 39% (16/41). Factors that appeared to correlate with survival included age, with higher mortality in animals < 1 year old or > 11 years old (P < 0.01); body weight, with mortality highest in animals < 10 kg (P < 0.05); reason for ventilation, with survival in group 1 being 57%, and in group 2, 20%; and development of complications, with 28% of animals that developed major complications surviving, compared with 48% of those that did not develop major complications. Two major complications of ppv were documented: pneumothorax and pneumonia. Twelve of 41 animals developed pneumothorax and had been ventilated by use of peak airway pressures > 25 cm of H2O, or peep. An additional 6 animals developed subclinical pneumonia during treatment with ppv.
Multiple manifestations of season on reproductive performance of commercial swine
Authors: Xue Jin-Liang , Dial Gary D. , Marsh William E. , Davies Peter R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seasonal variation oj reproductive performance of female swine was analyzed by use of a data base that included farrowing records from 42 commercial swine herds. Farrowing rates of sows bred during December or January were higher (P < 0.001) than those bred in July or August (79.2 vs 74.1%). The percentage of sows with irregular (prolonged) return-toestrus intervals after mating in December or January (2.63%) was lower (P < 0.01) than those mated in July or August (4.65%). Sows mated in November through January had greater total number of pigs born per litter (11.66 vs 11.19 pigs per litter), more pigs born alive per litter (10.39 vs 9.84 pigs per litter), and greater litter birth weights (15.20 vs 14.28 kg) than sows mated in June through August (P < 0.001). Adjusted 21-day litter weights were lower (P < 0.001) for litters from sows farrowing in July or August (52.04 kg) than sows farrowing in all other months (55.13 kg) except June and September. Sows that had their litters weaned in June through August had longer (P < 0.001) weaning-to-estrus intervals (7.95 days) than sows that had their litters weaned in November through January (6.84 days). The effects of season varied across parities. Primiparous sows had the greatest seasonal variability in weaning-to-estrus interval, whereas multiparous sows had the greatest seasonal variability in total number of pigs born per litter and pigs born alive per litter.
Survey of statistical methods used in the veterinary medical literature
Authors: Hammer Alan S. , Buffington C. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Articles published in 1992 in 6 veterinary journals were reviewed. In 51% of the articles, statistical analyses were not performed or only descriptive statistics (eg, mean, median, standard deviation) were used. The most commonly used statistical tests were ANOVA and t-tests. Knowledge of 5 categories of statistical methods (ANOVA, t-tests, contingency tables, nonparametric tests, and simple linear regression) permitted access to 90% of the veterinary literature surveyed. These data may be useful when modifying the veterinary curriculum to reflect current statistical usage.