bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Resveratrol as Caloric Restriction Mimetic and Environmental Enrichment on Body Weight, Lipid Profile and Electrolytes in Young Healthy Mice
Authors: Muhammad Mustapha Shehu , Magaji Rabiu Abdussalam , Mohammed Aliyu , Isa Ahmed‐Sherif , Garba Magaji Mohammed , Hassan Adamu 
Published: November 2023

Caloric restriction (CR) and Environmental Enrichment have been separately reported to possess health benefits such as protection against obesity, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound has been reported to be caloric restriction mimetic. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of the combination of Resveratrol as CR mimetic and EE on Lipid Profile in young healthy mice. Fifty mice of both sexes were randomly divided into five groups of 10 animals each: group I served as control, group II were maintained on alternate day feeding (ADF), group III received Resveratrol 50 mg/kg, suspended in 10 g/L of (CMC) orally per kg/day. Group IV received CMC and kept in an Enriched Environment (EE) while group V received Resveratrol 50 mg/kg and kept in EE. The treatment lasted for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment and the plasma sample was collected for biochemical evaluation. The results obtained showed significant decrease (P < 0.05) in high density lipoprotein concentration in ALDF group when compared to the control. A significant increase (P < 0.05) was also observed in low density lipoprotein concentration in ADF group when compared to the control. There was no significant change observed in the body weight and electrolyte contents of the animals during the study period. In conclusion, the results obtained indicates that Resveratrol as CR mimetic and EE have no significant effects on body weight, lipid profile and electrolyte contents in young healthy mice over a period of four weeks.
Effect of Resveratrol‐induced CR and EE on lipid profiles in mice

Groups
TC (mg/dl)
TG (mg/dl)
HDL (mg/dl)
LDL (mg/dl)

Control (CMC)
2.38 ± 0.10
0.86 ± 0.08
1.088 ± 0.08
1.12 ± 0.05

ALDF
2.45 ± 0.07
0.94 ± 0.07
0.70 ± 0.06*
1.56 ± 0.10*

Resveratrol only
2.23 ± 0.07
0.88 ± 0.10
0.75 ± 0.08
1.30 ± 0.07

EE only
2.38 ± 0.08
0.96 ± 0.05
0.76 ± 0.10
1.48 ± 0.16

Resveratrol + EE
2.51 ± 07
0.80 ± 0.09
0.87 ± 0.09
1.48 ± 0.08

P<0.05,
CMC = Carboxymethyl‐cellulose, ALDF = Alternate day feeding, EE = Environmental Triacylglycerol, HDL = High density lipoprotein, LDL = Low density lipoprotein

Effect of Resveratrol induced CR and EE on Electrolyte content in mice

Groups
Na (mmol/L)
K (mmol/L)
Cl (mmol/L)

Control (CMC)
139.75 ± 0.92
4.04 ± 0.11
99.75 ± 1.88

EODF
139.30 ± 0.86
4.17 ± 0.11
100.70 ± 0.93

Resveratrol only
129.60 ± 10.42
4.02 ± 0.15
100.70 ± 1.13

EE only
139.00 ± 1.21
4.11 ± 0.18
100.13 ± 1.29

Resveratrol + EE
137.30 ± 1.28
4.33 ± 0.09
99.60 ± 1.09

* P < 0.05,
CMC = Carboxymethyl‐cellulose, ALDF = Alternate day feeding, EE = Environmental enrichment, Na = Sodium, K = Potassium, Cl = Chloride
Molecular mechanism of cytokinesis
Authors: Pollard Thomas D. 
Published: November 2023

We use three complementary approaches to study the molecular basis of cytokinesis. We characterize the structures and biophysical properties the participating proteins to generate hypotheses about the biochemical reactions. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of live cells expressing fluorescent fusion proteins gives the numbers of each type of protein in whole yeast cells with one second temporal resolution. High‐speed super resolution localization microscopy (FPALM) allows us to image structures at 35 nm resolution in live cells on a time scale of a few seconds. Comparisons of these quantitative measurements in cells with simulations of molecularly explicit mathematical models of the reactions in our biochemical hypothesis usually suggest ways to improve our hypotheses. Our simulations now reproduce the time course of events during the assembly and constriction of the cytokinetic contractile ring as observed in live cells and predict the outcomes of experimental manipulations.Support or Funding InformationNIH research grant GM026132
Impairment in evoked V‐wave response during maximal muscle contraction in subjects with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Silva‐Batista Carla , Mattos Eugenia , Corcos Daniel , David Fabian , Kanegusuku Hélcio , Forjaz Claudia , Tricoli Valmor , Roschel Hamilton , Ugrinowitsch Carlos 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionReduced descending drive to muscle, when assessed by V‐wave, is attenuated in aging. In subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) it can be more reduced and associated with motor signs, however, it was still not investigated.ObjectiveTo compare evoked reflex at rest and during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the plantar flexors in subjects with PD and age‐matched healthy controls (HC). It also investigated association between PD motor signs and maximal V wave‐to‐maximal M wave (V/Mmax) ratio.MethodsEvoked reflex at rest (H‐reflex and M‐wave amplitudes) and root mean square (RMS), peak torque (PT), and evoked reflex (V‐wave and M‐wave amplitudes) during MVIC were recorded in 10 subjects with PD (64.9 ± 9.4 years, 12.4 ± 5.8 disease duration, 41.8 ± 10.3 motor severity, 2.6 ± 0.4 stage of PD) and 10 HC (64.8 ± 9.3 years). The subjects with PD were assessed in the clinically “on” state.ResultsAt rest, maximal H wave‐to‐maximal M wave (Hmax/Mmax) ratio was not different between groups (P=0.060) while during MVIC, RMS, PT, V‐wave, M‐wave, and V/Mmax ratio were lower for subjects with PD (P<0.05). There was association between PD motor signs and V/Mmax ratio (r=−0.73, 95% confidence interval = −0.93 to −0.19, P=0.015).ConclusionsSubjects with PD present reduced amplitude in V‐wave and impairment in V/Mmax ratio, which is associated with motor signs, likely due to abnormal descending drive to muscle that reflects a decrease of supraspinal activation.Support or Funding InformationFinancial support: FAPESP: 2013/04970‐4 and CNPq: 406609/2015‐2.
Lower Percent Leg Muscle Mass is Associated with Reduced Ventilatory Efficiency in Sedentary Adults
Authors: Keller‐Ross Manda L , Chantigian Daniel P , Evanoff Nick , Bosch Tyler , Bantle Anne , Dengel Donald , Chow Lisa 
Published: November 2023

A high ventilatory equivalent to carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope, or reduced ventilatory efficiency, is associated with disease severity and is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). We have demonstrated that a high VE/VCO2 slope during exercise is associated with lower %leg muscle mass in HF. This association was abolished with inhibition of skeletal muscle afferent feedback by lumbar fentanyl injections, demonstrating an important link between muscle mass, afferent feedback and VE/VCO2 slope. We hypothesized that %leg muscle mass would be associated with VE/VCO2 slope in sedentary adults.ObjectiveDetermine the relationship between %leg muscle mass and VE/VCO2 slope in sedentary (SED) and trained (TR) adults.MethodsFor 38 adults (23 SED [6M/17F], 31±8 yrs and 15 TR [9M/6F], 29±6 yrs (mean±SD)) measures of gas exchange and ventilation were collected during a treadmill maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test and measures of total fat, regional fat and muscle mass were done by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants were classified as trained by self‐report of aerobic exercise training for at least 30 min/day, 5 days/week.ResultsIn the SED group, men had greater %leg muscle mass and VO2max, and less %leg fat mass than women (all p<0.05). In the TR group, VO2max and %leg fat were similar (p>0.05), but men had greater %leg muscle mass than women (p<0.05). Percent leg muscle mass was greater in TR than SED (80±8 vs. 58±9%, respectively, p<0.01), while %leg fat mass was lower in TR than SED (20±9 vs. 42±9%, respectively, p<0.01). VO2max was greater in TR than SED (55±10 vs. 29±6 ml/kg/min, p<0.01). When the TR and SED groups were combined, VO2max was associated with %leg muscle mass (r= 0.85, p<0.01). The VE/VCO2 slope was similar between TR and SED groups (25±3 vs. 24±3, p=0.10), without any sex‐specific differences (p>0.05). Specific to the SED group, VE/VCO2 slope was inversely associated with %leg muscle mass (r= −0.51, p=0.01) indicating the lower the %leg muscle mass, the steeper the VE/VCO2 slope. This relationship persisted with sex‐specific analysis (men: r= −0.80, p=0.05 and women: r= −0.57, p=0.02). The relationship between VE/VCO2 slope and %leg muscle mass not was not observed in the TR group overall or with sex‐specific analysis (p>0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in sedentary adults, lower %leg muscle mass may contribute to a reduced ventilatory efficiency during exercise.Support or Funding InformationNIH 1R01DK098203‐01
A 14 Day Recovery Period Reverses the Decline in Lifelong Physical Activity Following a Significant Ankle Sprain
Authors: Hubbard‐Turner Tricia , Wikstrom Erik A , Turner Michael J 
Published: November 2023

We have previously shown a decrease in lifelong physical activity following a significant ankle sprain in mice. To investigate the impact of a prolonged rest period on lifelong activity, at seven weeks of age we transected the CFL and ATFL of the right hindlimb in six male CBA/J mice and conducted a SHAM surgery on 10 male CBA/J mice. The SHAM mice were placed in separate cages with a running wheel immediately post‐surgery while the ankle sprain (AS) mice were placed in separate cages but exposed to a running wheel 14 days post‐surgery to allow for tissue healing. Physical activity was measured daily from eight weeks until 52 weeks of age (72% of lifespan). Daily duration, distance and running speed were analyzed by ANOVA (Group × Time) with repeated measures (p<0.05) at 15‐week periods to approximate the first three quartiles of lifespan. From weeks three to 15 post‐surgery, duration and distance were not different between groups but the running speed was faster for the SHAM mice (p=0.009). No differences were observed between groups for duration, distance or running speed from weeks 16 to 30 or 31 to 45 post‐surgery (p>0.05). Additionally, duration, distance, and running speed did not significantly change across/among the 15‐week periods. These findings suggest the commonly observed decline in physical activity throughout the lifespan following an ankle sprain can be restored to non‐injured levels with the incorporation of a 14 day rest period in mice.Support or Funding InformationSupported by UNC Charlotte Faculty Research Grants (Hubbard‐Turner, Wikstrom, and Turner)
Differentiated contribution of fat pads to the prevention of insulin resistance through aerobic exercise training
Authors: Américo Anna Laura Viacava , Muller Cynthia Rodrigues , Fonseca‐Alaniz Miriam Helena , Evangelista Fabiana Sant'Anna 
Published: November 2023

Increased white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR), and this response may be due to impaired insulin signaling caused by excess of lipids. Aerobic exercise training (AET) prevents IR by improving lipid oxidation and glucose metabolism. Here we evaluated the relative contribution of fat pads to the prevention of IR through AET. Adult male C57BL6/J mice were assigned into chow‐fed controls (C, n=5), cafeteria diet (CAF, n=5), chow‐fed trained (T, n=5), and cafeteria diet plus trained (CAFT, n=5). AET was performed simultaneously with diet and consisted of 8‐wk running session of 60 min at 60% of maximal speed, 5 days/wk. Experimental procedures were approved by Ethics Committee from Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo (# 002/15). The body weight of T and CAFT groups were lower from the third week of experimental protocol compared to C. The CAF group had higher retroperitoneal (RP) and subcutaneous (SC) WAT weights compared to C, but the AET was able to prevent these increases in CAFT group. The T group presented lower periepididimal (PE) WAT compared to other groups, but interscapular BAT weight did not differ among groups. Cafeteria diet induced glucose intolerance and IR in CAF group (AUC: 35200± 1076 mg/dL/120min; kITT: 2,5 ± 0,17 %/min, respectively) compared to C group (AUC: 28333±1305 mg/dL/120min; kITT:, 3,7 ± 0,21 %/min respectively) during glucose and insulin tolerance tests, respectively, which were counteracted by AET in CAFT group (AUC: 28896 ± 1133 mg/dL/120min; kITT: 3,9 ± 0,33 %/min, respectively). Protein expressions of GLUT‐4 and t‐AKT were not different among groups, but p‐AKT reduced in T, CAF and CAFT groups compared to C in the PE‐WAT, and the p‐AKT/t‐AKT ratio was lower in CAFT compared to C in SC‐WAT. There were no differences in t‐AMPK and p‐AMPK expressions in SC‐WAT, but increase in t‐AMPK and p‐AMPK in T and CAFT groups compared to C and CAF groups in PE‐WAT. Histological analysis of the SC‐WAT showed the presence of multilocular adipocytes agglometares in T and CAFT groups, which is typical of WAT browning. In conclusion, the prevention of IR by AET is associated with lower visceral and subcutaneous WAT deposition, changes in the expression of metabolic proteins in PE‐WAT, such as reduction in p‐AKT and increase in t‐AMPK and p‐AMPK, and browning in the SC‐WAT.Support or Funding InformationFAPESP # 2015/04948‐4.
Physical Activity Following A 14 Day Recovery Period Was Greater In Aging CBA/J Mice After A Significant Ankle Sprain
Authors: Turner Michael J. , Wikstrom Erik A. , Hubbard‐Turner Tricia 
Published: November 2023

A significant lateral ankle sprain results in a decrease in lifelong physical activity, with increased likelihood for chronic disease development. To investigate the impact of different rest periods on lifelong activity, we transected the CFL and ATFL of the right hindlimb in 18 male CBA/J mice at seven weeks old. Each mouse was placed in separate cages and randomized into three groups of six mice and received a running wheel three days (3D), seven days (7D) or 14 days (14D) post‐surgery. Physical activity was measured daily from eight weeks until 52 weeks of age (72% of lifespan). Daily duration, distance and running speed were analyzed by ANOVA (Group × Time) with repeated measures (p<0.05) at 15‐week periods to approximate the first three quartiles of lifespan. From weeks three to 15 post‐surgery, duration, distance, and running speed were not different between groups, but all activity variables increased with time (p<0.05). From weeks 16 to 30 post‐surgery, distance (p=0.041) and running speed (p=0.010) were greater in the 14D group compared to 3D and 7D, while duration was not different among the groups (p=0.185). There were no differences with time from 16 to 30 weeks (p<0.05). From weeks 31 to 45 post‐surgery, duration (p=0.020), distance (p=0.009) and running speed (p=0.007) were greater in the 14D group compared to 3D and 7D. No differences were found with time from 31 to 45 weeks (p>0.05). Our findings suggest the longer rest period of 14 days following a lateral ankle sprain can significantly increase activity levels (duration, distance and running speed) throughout the second and third quartile of life.Support or Funding InformationSupported by UNC Charlotte Faculty Research Grants (Turner, Wikstrom, and Hubbard‐Turner).
No Evidence for Soleus Muscle Capillary Involution or Neogenesis in Rats with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Opoku‐Acheampong Alexander Boadu , Esau Peter John , Poole David Christopher , Gittemeier Elizabeth Marie , Copp Steven Wesley , Behnke Bradley Jon 
Published: November 2023

Capillarity in skeletal muscle is crucial for achieving effective blood‐muscle oxygen (O2) flux and can be impacted by multiple conditions including exercise training (↑), forced inactivity (e.g., bedrest) (↓) and chronic disease (↓). However, it is unknown whether prostate cancer alters skeletal muscle capillarity. In particular the capillary‐to‐fiber ratio represents a sensitive index of capillary neogenesis/involution in skeletal muscle. We examined capillarity in the soleus muscle of ~8‐month‐old male sham operated (CON, n = 7) and orthotopic prostate tumor (PT)‐bearing Copenhagen rats (Dunning R‐3327‐AT1 tumor cells; n = 9). Eight weeks post‐surgery, soleus muscles were excised and frozen rapidly. Eight μm sections were cut transverse to the principle fiber axis, stained with lectin and examined with a fluorescence microscope (at 470× magnification). Capillaries around the fibers, capillary density, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio, fiber cross‐sectional area, and sharing index were measured directly from images of soleus sections using standard point‐counting techniques adhering to strict non‐biased morphometric principles. Body weight, soleus weight, and soleus muscle citrate synthase activity were not impacted by the prostate cancer (tumor weight, 9.8 ± 2.6 g). There was no difference between CON and PT for capillary‐to‐fiber ratio (2.2 ± 0.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.1), capillaries around fiber (4.3 ± 0.1 vs. 4.4 ± 0.1), capillary density (388 ± 16 vs. 403 ± 28 cap./mm2), sharing index (1.9 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1), nor fiber cross‐sectional area (5815 ± 270 vs. 6005 ± 515 μm2) (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, prostate cancer did not significantly affect these aspects of two‐dimensional capillary or capillary‐to‐fiber geometry in the soleus muscle. How prostate cancer impacts hemodynamics, red blood cell distribution and blood‐myocyte O2 flux within these capillaries at rest and during exercise and whether this contributes to the physiological dysfunction of prostate cancer patients remains a crucial question.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Cancer Society RSG‐14‐150‐01‐CCE
Sex‐Related Differences in Reactivity of Cerebral Arterioles During Moderate Exercise Training
Authors: Arrick Denise M , Li Chun , Mayhan William 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe goals of our study were to determine the influence of sex on reactivity of cerebral arterioles and whether moderate exercise training (MExT) could influence sex‐related differences in reactivity of cerebral arterioles.MethodsResponses of cerebral arterioles were measured in Sedentary (Sed) and MExT adult male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats to eNOS‐dependent (ADP); nNOS‐dependent (NMDA) and NOS‐independent (nitroglycerin) agonists before and following L‐NMMA. In addition, protein expression for eNOS and nNOS was determined.ResultsWe found that NOS‐dependent vasodilation was enhanced in Sed and MExT female rats compared to their male counterparts. L‐NMMA produced a greater decrease in baseline diameter of arterioles in females compared to males, and produced less inhibition of NOS‐dependent vasodilation in females. Expression of eNOS protein was significantly increased in Sed female when compared to Sed male rats, nNOS protein was similar in Sed males and females, but increased in MExT females.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that while NOS‐dependent vascular reactivity is increased in females, MExT does not alter vasodilation in males or females. These studies provide insights into the influence of sex and MExT on the cerebral microcirculation and may have implications regarding mechanisms that protect the brain in females compared to males during disease states.
Autophagy is Independent of Disease Progression in the Dystrophic Myocardium in Mouse and Porcine Dystrophinopathy Models
Authors: Spaulding Hannah , Nonneman Dan , Ross Jason , Selsby Joshua 
Published: November 2023

Dystrophinopathies are muscle diseases caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene resulting in insufficiency or absence of functional dystrophin protein. A deficiency of functional dystrophin results in membrane instability, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. Autophagy functions to remove damaged organelles, proteins and other cellular components and is emerging as an important process in dystrophic skeletal muscle, though the role of autophagy in dystrophic myocardium is currently unknown. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the extent to which autophagy is affected by disease progression in cardiac muscle. We hypothesized that dystrophin deficiency would result in progressive autophagic dysfunction in the heart. To address this hypothesis protein abundances from 7 week and 17 months old mdx mice were compared to C57 age‐matched controls. Surprisingly, measures of autophagic initiation, phosphorylated AMPK T172, phosphorylated UNC‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin‐1, were similar between all groups. In addition, autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG5) and the ATG 12/5 complex, proteins indicative of autophagosome formation, were similar between groups. Furthermore, LC3I and the LC3I lipidation product, LC3II, were similar to age‐matched controls and markers of autophagic flux, the LC3II/I ratio and p62, were also similar between groups. To confirm that autophagy was independent of disease progression, heart tissue from a novel porcine dystrophinopathy model was also evaluated. Hearts were collected from healthy and affected male littermates at 3 and 12 months of age. This porcine model is dystrophin insufficient with necrotic lesions apparent at 12 months but not at 3 months of age. Consistent with our findings in the mdx mouse, protein abundances of phosphorylated ULK1, Beclin, ATG12/5 complex formation, LC3I, and p62 were similar between all groups. LC3II and the LC3II/I ratio were decreased as a function of age but did not differ with dystrophin deficiency. These data suggest that disease progression does not cause autophagic dysfunction in dystrophic myocardium.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by NIH R21 NS079603 and the Duchenne Alliance.
Blood Pressure Responses at Exercise Onset in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Duggal Divya , Matthews Evan L , Greaney Jody L , Wenner Megan M 
Published: November 2023

Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) responses at exercise onset may be characteristic of several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Primary aging is a risk factor for CVD, and after menopause the prevalence of CVD is greater in postmenopausal women (PMW). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that BP responses at exercise onset are exaggerated in normotensive PMW compared to young women (YW). We retrospectively analyzed beat‐by‐beat BP and heart rate (HR) in 15 PMW (59±1yrs, 25±1kg•m2) and 16 young women (22±1yrs, 22±1kg•m2) in 10‐second intervals at the onset of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. Resting mean arterial BP (PMW: 87±3, YW: 84±3 mmHg, P>0.05) and HR (PMW: 62±2, YW: 66±2 bpm, P>0.05) were similar between groups. Systolic BP increased more in PMW (P<0.05), and tended to be higher at 30s of isometric exercise (PMW: Δ9±2 vs. YW: Δ5±1 mmHg, P=0.06). Mean arterial BP also tended to increase more in PMW (ANOVA P=0.12), whereas diastolic BP and HR responses were similar between groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, exaggerated BP responses at exercise onset may be associated with age and menopause.Support or Funding InformationResearch supported by NIH Grant U54‐GM104941 and P20‐GM113125