bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence clinical assistant decision support system to improve the incidence of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism: a prospective, randomised controlled study
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Zhou Shuai , Ma Xudong , Jiang Songyi , Xu Yuanyuan , You Yi , Qu Jieming , Shang Hanbing , Lu Yong 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThromboprophylaxis has been determined to be safe, effective and cost-effective for hospitalised patients at venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. However, Chinese medical institutions have not yet fully used or improperly used thromboprophylaxis. The effectiveness of information technology applied to thromboprophylaxis in hospitalised patients has been proved in many retrospective studies, lacking of prospective research evidence.MethodsAll hospitalised patients aged >18 years not discharged within 24 hours from 1 September 2020 to 31 May 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to the control (9890 patients) or intervention group (9895 patients). The control group implemented conventional VTE prevention programmes; the intervention group implemented an Artificial Intelligence Clinical Assistant Decision Support System (AI-CDSS) on the basis of conventional prevention. Intergroup demographics, disease status, hospital length of stay (LOS), VTE risk assessment and VTE prophylaxis were compared using the χ2test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore the risk factor of VTE.ResultsThe control and intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. The mean age was 58.32±15.41 years, and mean LOS was 7.82±7.07 days. In total, 5027 (25.40%) and 2707 (13.67%) patients were assessed as having intermediate-to-high VTE risk and high bleeding risk, respectively. The incidence of hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE) was 0.38%, of which 86.84% had deep vein thrombosis. Compared with the control group, the incidence of HA-VTE decreased by 46.00%, mechanical prophylaxis rate increased by 24.00% and intensity of drug use increased by 9.72% in the intervention group. However, AI-CDSS use did not increase the number of clinical diagnostic tests, prophylaxis rate or appropriate prophylaxis rate.ConclusionsThromboprophylaxis is inadequate in hospitalised patients with VTE risk. The role of AI-CDSS in VTE risk management is unknown and needs further in-depth study.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000035452.
Intellectual disability syndrome associated with a homozygous founder variant in
SGSM3
in Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Birnbaum Rivka , Ezer Shlomit , Lotan Nava Shaul , Eilat Avital , Sternlicht Keren , Benyamini Lilach , Reish Orit , Falik-Zaccai Tzipora , Ben-Gad Gali , Rod Raya , Segel Reeval , Kim Katherine , Burton Barabra , Keegan Catherine E , Wagner Mallory , Henderson Lindsay B , Mor Nofar , Barel Ortal , Hirsch Yoel , Meiner Vardiella , Elpeleg Orly , Harel Tamar , Mor-Shakad Hagar 
Published: October 2023

Background
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) impact both the development and functioning of the brain and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. RAP and RAB proteins, belonging to the RAS superfamily, are identified as established contributors to NDDs. However, the involvement of SGSM (small G protein signalling modulator), another member of the RAS family, in NDDs has not been previously documented.

Methods
Proband-only or trio exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples obtained from affected individuals and available family members. The variant prioritisation process focused on identifying rare deleterious variants. International collaboration aided in the identification of additional affected individuals.

Results

We identified 13 patients from 8 families of Ashkenazi Jewish origin who all carried the same homozygous frameshift variant in
SGSM3
gene. The variant was predicted to cause a loss of function, potentially leading to impaired protein structure or function. The variant co-segregated with the disease in all available family members. The affected individuals displayed mild global developmental delay and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional prevalent phenotypes observed included hypotonia, behavioural challenges and short stature.

Conclusions

An Ashkenazi Jewish homozygous founder variant in
SGSM3
was discovered in individuals with NDDs and short stature. This finding establishes a connection between another member of the RAS family and NDDs. Additional research is needed to uncover the specific molecular mechanisms by which SGSM3 influences neurodevelopmental processes and the regulation of growth.
Longitudinal associations of cardiovascular health and vascular events with incident dementia
Authors: Ou Ya-Nan , Kuo Kevin , Yang Liu , Zhang Ya-Ru , Huang Shu-Yi , Chen Shi-Dong , Deng Yue-Ting , Guo Yu , Zhang Rui-Qi , Wu Bang-Sheng , Tan Lan , Dong Qiang , Feng Jian-Feng , Cheng Wei , Yu Jin-Tai 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionEvidence supporting cardiovascular diseases could increase the risk of dementia remains fragmented. A comprehensive study to illuminate the distinctive associations across different dementia types is still lacking. This study is sought to: (1) determine the clinical validity of Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) for dementia assessment and (2) examine the associations between cardiovascular diseases and the risk of dementia.MethodsA total of 432 079 dementia-free individuals at baseline from UK Biobank were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the prospective associations for FGCRS and a series of cardiovascular diseases with all-cause dementia (ACD) and its major components, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 110.1 months, 4711 individuals were diagnosed with dementia. FGCRS was associated with increased risks across the dementia spectrum. In stratification analysis, high-risk groups have demonstrated the greatest dementia burdens, particularly to VaD. Over 74 traits, 9 adverse associations, such as chronic ischaemic heart disease (ACD: HR=1.354; AD: HR=1.269; VaD: HR=1.768), atrioventricular block (ACD: HR=1.562; AD: HR=1.556; VaD: HR=2.069), heart failure (ACD: HR=1.639; AD: HR=1.543; VaD: HR=2.141) and hypotension (ACD: HR=2.912; AD: HR=2.361; VaD: HR=3.315) were observed. Several distinctions were also found, with atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, and haemorrhage only associated with greater risks of ACD and VaD.DiscussionBy identifying distinctive associations between cardiovascular diseases and dementia, this study has established a comprehensive ‘mapping’ that may untangle the long-standing discrepancy. FGCRS has demonstrated its predictivity beyond cardiovascular diseases burdens, suggesting potential opportunities for implantation.
Nonrelativistic expansion of type IIA NS5 brane
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe carry out nonrelativistic expansion for NS5 brane based on a codimension two foliation of type IIA supergravity background. We simultaneously expand the world-volume fields in an appropriate $$ 1/c^2 $$

1
/

c
2

expansion together with the background fluxes. When put together, the resulting procedure yields a finite world-volume action for nonrelativistic NS5 brane that is coupled to String Newton-Cartan background.
High In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of BI-847325, a Dual MEK/Aurora Kinase Inhibitor, in Human Solid and Hematologic Cancer Models
Authors: Vuaroqueaux Vincent , Musch Alexandra , Peille Anne-Lise , Kelter Gerhard , Weichert Loreen , Metz Thomas , Hendriks Hans R. , Fiebig Heinz-Herbert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BI-847325 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of MEK/Aurora kinases with the potential to treat a wide range of cancers. In a panel of 294 human tumor cell lines in vitro, BI-847325 was found to be a highly selective inhibitor that was active in the submicromolar range. The most sensitive cancer types were acute lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia, melanomas, bladder, colorectal, and mammary cancers. BI-847325 showed a broader range of activity than the MEK inhibitor GDC-0623. The high efficacy of BI-847325 was associated with but not limited to cell lines with oncogenic mutations in NRAS, BRAF, and MAP2K1.
The high antiproliferative activity of BI-847325 was validated in vivo using subcutaneous xenograft models. After oral administration of 80 and 40 mg/kg once weekly for 3 or 4 weeks, BI-847325 was highly active in four of five colorectal, two of two gastric, two of two mammary, and one of one pancreatic cancer models (test/control &lt; 25%), and tumor regressions were observed in five of 11 cancer models. The treatment was well tolerated with no relevant lethality or body weight changes. In combination with capecitabine, BI-847325 displayed synergism over single-agent therapies, leading to complete remission in the triple-negative mammary model MAXFTN 401, partial regression in the colon model CXF 1103, and stasis in the gastric models GXA 3011 and GXA 3023. In conclusion, dual MEK/Aurora kinase inhibition shows remarkable potential for treating multiple types of hematologic and solid tumors. The combination with capecitabine was synergistic in colorectal, gastric, and mammary cancer.

Significance:
We report the preclinical evaluation of BI-847325, a MEK/Aurora kinase inhibitor. Our data demonstrate that BI-847325 has potent antitumor activity in a broad range of human solid and hematologic cancer models in vitro and in vivo and is well tolerated in animal models. It also shows synergistic effect when combined with capecitabine. These findings provide a strong rationale for further development of BI-847325 as a potential therapeutic for patients with cancer.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Moderate‐ and High‐Intensity Exercise Training in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Fitness and Cardiovascular Response to Exercise
Authors: MacNamara James P. , Dias Katrin A. , Hearon Christopher M. , Ivey Erika , Delgado Vincent A. , Saland Sophie , Samels Mitchel , Hieda Michinari , Turer Aslan T. , Link Mark S. , Sarma Satyam , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Moderate intensity exercise training (MIT) is safe and effective for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, yet the efficacy of high intensity training (HIT) remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of HIT compared with MIT in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were randomized to either 5 months of MIT, or 1 month of MIT followed by 4 months of progressive HIT. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O
2
; Douglas bags), cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (Fick equation) were measured before and after training. Left ventricular outflow gradient and volumes were measured by echocardiography. Fifteen patients completed training (MIT, n=8, age 52±7 years; HIT, n=7, age 42±8 years). Both HIT and MIT improved peak V˙O
2
by 1.3 mL/kg per min (
P
=0.009). HIT (+1.5 mL/kg per min) had a slightly greater effect than MIT (+1.1 mL/kg per min) but with no statistical difference (group×exercise
P
=0.628). A greater augmentation of arteriovenous oxygen difference occurred with exercise (Δ1.6 mL/100 mL
P
=0.005). HIT increased left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (+17 mL, group×exercise
P
=0.015) compared with MIT. No serious arrhythmias or adverse cardiac events occurred.

Conclusions
This randomized trial of exercise training in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrated that both HIT and MIT improved fitness without clear superiority of either. Although the study was underpowered for safety outcomes, no serious adverse events occurred. Exercise training resulted in salutary peripheral and cardiac adaptations.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03335332.
Changes in ENSO Modulation of the Distribution of Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific in Boreal Autumn
Authors: Tian Ye , Zhou Wen , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ruhua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work explores the modulation of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on the relationship between the occurrence position of rapid intensification (RI) events of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) in boreal autumn and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). From the warm to cold phase of the PDO, the occurrence position of WNP RI events experiences a significant westward shift of 5.5° in El Niño years and a significant northward shift of 4.5° in La Niña years. The strengthening of thermodynamic conditions west of 160°N plays a dominant role in the westward shift of RI events in El Niño years, and the northward shift in La Niña years is associated with the expansion of areas with warm sea surface temperature, high tropical cyclone heat potential and midlevel relative humidity, strengthening of relative vorticity north of 20°N, and weakening of dynamic conditions within 10°–20°N. During the PDO cold phase, the descending branch of the Walker circulation over the western Pacific is weak and shifts west of 140°E in El Niño years, whereas it is much stronger in La Niña years. In addition, the Hadley circulation over the WNP shows little change during El Niño, but the ascending branch around 10°N expands to 20°N during La Niña. These trends reflect the changing responses of the WNP environment to ENSO variation and are consistent with the changing distribution of WNP RI events. Moreover, during the PDO cold phases, SST over the north Indian Ocean is much warmer, and anomalous anticyclonic circulation occurs in the WNP in boreal spring (summer and autumn) during the developing phase of El Niño (La Niña) years, which may also contribute to strengthening the thermodynamic conditions over the WNP.
The Chinese Version of the Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale: Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validity
Authors: Liu Qingwei , Zhang Meng , Guo Xiaojing , Zhang Yuchen , Qin Tong , Wang Ying , Gai Yubiao 
Published: October 2023

Background Nurses play an important role in palliative care, and high-quality assessment tools can help standardize palliative-related nursing behaviors, but there are no such tools in China. Objective This study aimed to revise, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale (PNCQS) to provide an effective tool that can help nurses in mainland China assess the quality of palliative care. Methods This study involved a 2-steps process. First, the PNCQS was translated, back-translated, and cross-cultural adapted using Brislin's translation model. Second, a cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised scale. From January to February 2023, 367 nurses engaged in palliative care-related nursing from 3 tertiary A general hospitals were surveyed with the revised scale. The evaluation methods used in this study included item analysis, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, content validity, and construct validity. Results The PNCQS-Chinese included 20 items. In this study, the item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.67 to 0.83 ( P < .01), and the critical ratio value of the items was 12.10 to 23.34 ( P < .01). The scale-level content validity index was 0.98, and the item-level content validity ranged from 0.86 to 1.00. The total Cronbach's α and test–retest reliability of the scale were 0.96 and 0.79, respectively. Factor analysis of 20 items extracted 1 factor, and the contribution rate of cumulative variance was 60.03%. Conclusions PNCQS-Chinese shows acceptable validity and reliability for assessing the quality of palliative care-related nursing in mainland China.
Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Association Between Functional Level at Admission to Intensive Post-Stroke Rehabilitation and Effectiveness of the Intervention
Authors: Mazzeo Salvatore , Pancani Silvia , Sodero Alessandro , Castagnoli Chiara , Politi Angela Maria , Barnabè Monica , Ciullini Francesca , Baccini Marco , Grippo Antonello , Hakiki Bahia , Macchi Claudio , Cecchi Francesca 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Previous studies showed that depression acts as an independent factor in functional recovery after stroke. In a prospective cohort of patients admitted to intensive inpatient rehabilitation after a stroke, we aimed to test depression as a moderator of the relationship between the functional level at admission and the effectiveness of rehabilitation at discharge. Methods All patients admitted to within 30 days from an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke to 4 intensive rehabilitation units were prospectively screened for eligibility to a multicenter prospective observational study. Enrolled patients underwent an evidence-based rehabilitation pathway. We used clinical data collected at admission (T0) and discharge (T1). The outcome was the effectiveness of recovery at T1 on the modified Barthel Index (proportion of achieved over potential functional improvement). Moderation analysis was performed by using the PROCESS macro for SPSS using the bootstrapping procedure. Results Of 278 evaluated patients, 234 were eligible and consented to enrolment; 81 patients were able to answer to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and were included in this analysis. The relationship between the functional status at admission and rehabilitation effectiveness was significant only in persons with fewer depressive symptoms; depression (HADS cut-off score: 5.9) moderated this relationship ( P = .047), independent from age and neurological impairment. Conclusions Our results suggest that depression moderates between the functional status at admission and the functional recovery after post-stroke rehabilitation. This approach facilitates the identification of subgroups of individuals who may respond differently to stroke rehabilitation based on depression.
New product development project management: Insights and research tendency from a bibliometric-based literature review
Authors: Yang Qing , Tian Pingye 
Published: October 2023

The research in relation to new product development (NPD) project management has been very rich in the past decade. However, there has been a lack of quantitative literature reviews investigating the status and evolution of research. In this study, we aimed to fill this gap by reviewing the NPD project management literature in the SCI-E and SSCI databases from 2012 to 2021 using the bibliometric method and the CiteSpace tool. First, we provided an overview of publications and identified several leading journals. Second, based on a keyword co-occurrence network, we identified five important research themes in NPD project management: optimization and simulation, knowledge management, product innovation, performance and success factors, and development strategy and firm strategy. Furthermore, we reviewed the important literature relating to each theme. Third, we analyzed the evolution of the NPD project management literature, as well as identifying research hotpots in the last 10 years, by creating a keyword time zone network. Finally, we proposed future trends in NPD project management research to fill the existing gaps.
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 as a potential marker of acute relapse in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system: Pathological and clinical aspects
Authors: Samadzadeh Sara , Olesen Mads Nikolaj , Wirenfeldt Martin , Möller Sören , Misu Tatsuro , Soelberg Kerstin , Frederiksen Jette Lautrup , Heegaard Steffen , Mariotto Sara , Fujihara Kazuo , Ruprecht Klemens , Andersen Thomas Levin , Marignier Romain , Lillevang Søren Thue , Flanagan Eoin P , Pittock Sean J , Kim Ho Jin , Bennett Jeffrey L , Paul Friedemann , Sorensen Grith Lykke , Weinshenker Brian G , Lassmann Hans , Asgari Nasrin 
Published: October 2023

Background: Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein not previously described in the human central nervous system (CNS). Objectives: We determined MFAP4 CNS expression and measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels. Methods: Tissue was sampled at autopsy from patients with acute multiple sclerosis (MS) ( n = 3), progressive MS ( n = 3), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) ( n = 2), and controls ( n = 9), including 6 healthy controls (HC). MFAP4 levels were measured in 152 patients: 49 MS, 62 NMOSD, 22 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD), and 19 isolated optic neuritis (ION). Results: MFAP4 localized to meninges and vascular/perivascular spaces, intense in the optic nerve. At sites of active inflammation, MFAP4 reactivity was reduced in NMOSD and acute MS and less in progressive MS. CSF MFAP4 levels were reduced during relapse and at the onset of diseases (mean U/mL: MS 14.3, MOGAD 9.7, and ION 14.6 relative to HC 17.9. ( p = 0.013, p = 0.000, and p = 0.019, respectively). Patients with acute ON ( n = 68) had reduced CSF MFAP4 (mean U/mL: 14.5, p = 0.006). CSF MFAP4 levels correlated negatively with relapse severity (rho = −0.41, p = 0.017). Conclusion: MFAP4 immunoreactivity was reduced at sites of active inflammation. CSF levels of MFAP4 were reduced following relapse and may reflect disease activity.
Asian American social workers’ experiences and perspectives on anti-Asian hate
Authors: Lau Sophia B , Bersamira Clifford S , Lee Yeonjung Jane , Yamauchi Jaron 
Published: October 2023

Summary The rise in anti-Asian hate since the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the challenges that Asian Americans in the United States (U.S.) experience with xenophobia, racism, and the “model-minority stereotype.” The model-minority stereotype is a misleading myth that has been pervasively attached to the Asian American identity and experiences. Thus, it can serve as a useful framework to understand experiences in the current anti-Asian hate climate. In this exploratory qualitative study, the investigators interviewed Asian American social workers ( N = 17), highlighting their perspectives and experiences during the anti-Asian hate climate, with attention paid to how the model minority stereotype was contextualized among participants. Findings The resounding tone underlying participants’ model-minority stereotype-related discussions was the need to counter the model minority stereotype. Notably, the model-minority stereotype was contextualized differently for participants and three themes were identified: (1) limbo between model minority and perpetual foreigner status; (2) impacts on the social worker role and in the organizational setting; and (3) impacts on advocacy work. Applications Study findings suggest a need for continued support and opportunities to unlearn and relearn the purpose of the model-minority stereotype and its broad sweep and attacks on various health dimensions (physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually) across Asian Americans ethnic groups. Countering the model-minority stereotype can play a pivotal role in transforming the narratives surrounding Asian American's identity and experiences in the U.S., in addition to organizational culture and dynamics to support Asian Americans social workers practice and advocacy work across practice levels.