bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Dexamethasone Affects Necessity for Surgical Intervention for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Gupta Amit , Mishra Rakesh , Atallah Oday , Rahman Md Moshiur , Das Saikat , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Krishnan Prasad , Maurya Ved Prakash 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of dexamethasone in managing chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) patients remains uncertain although the drug is widely used in this condition. The present systematic review aims to understand the role of dexamethasone in reducing the need for surgery in cSDH patients. This study was conducted as per the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (the Cochrane Library), and ScienceDirect with a predefined search strategy. The population consisted of cSDH patients older than 18 years and treated primarily with dexamethasone. The primary outcome was the need for surgery after dexamethasone therapy in cSDH patients. The meta-analysis of a group of patients was done with the invariance method to estimate the pooled odds of the requirement for surgery after dexamethasone therapy. In the studies with a one-to-one comparison of dexamethasone with placebo/observation, the Mantel–Haenszel statistics were used to determine the odds of surgery. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized studies. In total, 598 studies were obtained from the database search and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies were finally selected for the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. One of the 10 studies was a randomized controlled trial (RCT), while the rest were observational studies. There were 653 patients who received the primary dexamethasone therapy. Of these, 388 patients did not require surgery, while 256 needed surgeries after the therapy. The pooled estimate of requirement for surgery after dexamethasone therapy was 0.41, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.37 to 0.45. A meta-analysis of the one-to-one comparison from three included studies showed a higher need of surgery in the (comparator) placebo/observation group than in the dexamethasone group with odds ratio of 7.16 (95% confidence interval: 2.21–23.13, with p = 0.0001). In addition, we identified the gaps in literature, and the complications and mortality reported in the studies. Dexamethasone is effective in reducing the requirement for surgery in some selected cSDH cases, although many patients still require surgical intervention.
Sustainable matrix beyond GDP: investment for inclusive growth
Authors: Managi Shunsuke , Chen Shuning , Kumar Pushpam , Dasgupta Partha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMeasuring a country’s sustainable development by its gross domestic product (GDP) is insufficient to capture the loss of capital that determines future human welfare. To address this, we propose the inclusive wealth index, which integrates biophysical quantities and monetary values of natural, human, and produced capital. We analyzed the level of Inclusive Wealth in 163 countries over the past 30 years to assess sustainable development goals (SDGs) going beyond GDP. Global wealth has suffered significant losses in natural capital, with the biased accumulation of capital assets leading to unsustainable and unequal development. In low-income countries, soaring population levels and biased capital investments exacerbate the depletion of natural capital. Our results underscore the critical role of natural capital and inclusive capital management in sustainable development. Policymakers can use this information to make capital investments in their economies and promote recovery from COVID-19 that aligns with the SDGs, the Paris Climate Agreement, and initiatives beyond GDP.
Solar energy harvesting using new broadband metamaterial solar absorbers for generation of heat
Authors: Khichar Vivek , Hozhabri Nader , Koymen Ali R. 
Published: January 2024

We have designed and fabricated TiN/SiO2/TiN–HfO2-based new metamaterial microstructures as an absorber of the visible wavelength, in the range of 400–700 nm, with exceptionally high absorption efficiency (&gt;96%) for solar energy harvesting purposes and generation of heat upon absorption of electromagnetic energy. The finite element method-based COMSOL Multiphysics software simulations were used to optimize the structural parameters of the microstructures and visualize the electric field and electromagnetic power loss distribution in the structure. An optimized 2D unit cell of the structure consists of a 4 μm × 160 nm TiN base on a glass substrate covered with a 70 nm thick SiO2 film. A periodic structure of TiN straps (each 90 nm thick and 2 μm wide) is deposited over the SiO2. The straps are capped with a 40 nm thick layer of high-temperature dielectric HfO2 with a periodicity of 4 µm. This unit is symmetric along the other dimension and is repeated periodically along the horizontal direction. Similar optimized parameters were used for 7, 10, and 100 µm periodic structures to investigate the effect of grating structure pitch on the absorption of light. Although these microstructures were optimized for the visible light spectrum, they show absorption efficiency of &gt;92% when integrated over a broadband wavelength spectrum ranging from 400 to 1200 nm. The experimental data show excellent agreement with the simulated results. We observe less than 5% difference between experimental and simulated absorption efficiencies for the investigated microstructures. Furthermore, we should emphasize that, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to experimentally report the light to heat conversion in metamaterials with micron-range size patterned structures.
Colour-tunable features in thermally stable Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped telluro tungstate glasses for photonic applications
Authors: Sangwan Vikas , Jayasimhadri M , Haranath D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The melt quenching procedure has been followed to synthesize transparent Tb3+ singly activated and Tb3+/Eu3+ co-activated TeO2–WO3–K2O–ZnO–Bi2O3 (TWKZBi) glasses. The structural characteristics of the prepared TWKZBi glass samples were examined through x-ray diffraction. The existence of functional units corresponding to the different vibrations has been examined via Raman spectroscopy. The photoluminescent characteristics and energy transfer (ET) analysis in the Tb3+/Eu3+ co-activated TWKZBi glasses were investigated in depth. Several emission peaks have been observed in Tb3+ doped TWKZBi glasses under n-UV and blue excitations and the maximum luminescent intensity has been detected for 2.0 mol% of Tb3+ doped TWKZBi glass sample. The emission spectra of co-doped Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in the TWKZBi glasses have been studied, and the maximum ET efficiency is found to be 32.82% under n-UV excitation. The ET from sensitizer (Tb3+) to activator (Eu3+) ions happen through dipole–dipole interaction, as confirmed by Dexter’s and Reisfeld’s approximation. The colour-tunable emission in the prepared glass samples can be achieved via varying the content of activator ions. The decay profiles for the 5D4 level of Tb3+ ions diminish with varying the concentration of Eu3+ ions, confirming the ET from Tb3+ to Eu3+ ions. Furthermore, temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies show that the Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped TWKZBi glasses have good thermal stability. All the aforementioned results reveal the suitability of the Tb3+/Eu3+ co-activated TWKZBi glass samples for photonic applications.
Radioactive seed localization is a safe and effective tool for breast cancer surgery: an evaluation of over 25,000 cases
Authors: Miodownik D , Bierman D , Thornton C , Moo T , Feigin K , Damato A , Le T , Williamson M , Prasad K , Chu B , Dauer L , Saphier N , Zanzonico P , Morrow M , Bellamy M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Radioactive seed localization (RSL) provides a precise and efficient method for removing non-palpable breast lesions. It has proven to be a valuable addition to breast surgery, improving perioperative logistics and patient satisfaction. This retrospective review examines the lessons learned from a high-volume cancer center’s RSL program after 10 years of practice and over 25 000 cases. We provide an updated model for assessing the patient’s radiation dose from RSL seed implantation and demonstrate the safety of RSL to staff members. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of various aspects of presurgical evaluation, surgical techniques, post-surgical management, and regulatory compliance for a successful RSL program. Notably, the program has reduced radiation exposure for patients and medical staff.
Optical temperature measurement in unsteady plasma free jet
Authors: Hermann Tobias , Keun Chang Eric Won 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An Argon plasma free jet is investigated using spectrally narrow bandpass filtered high-speed imaging. The images were captured at 16 kHz with an exposure time of 3.9 μs and then calibrated for absolute radiance. The free jet exhibited behaviour consistent with turbulent free shear flow and maintains an axisymmetric shape. Significant local fluctuations were observed over time, growing in strength and size as the flow convected downstream. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and self-similar free-jet temperature profiles, the flow radiance is used to determine the local plasma temperature and the jet width. Then, both steady and unsteady flow models were applied to account for the jet fluctuation. In regions of low fluctuations near the nozzle exit, both models show good agreement for centreline temperatures, measuring approximately 11 200 K. In regions of significant fluctuations, the assumption of steady flow leads to an overestimation of 32% for temperature, 18% for jet width, and 41% for total jet power. The unsteady analysis approach results in lower temperatures and smaller jet widths while simultaneously satisfying momentum and energy conservation.
Flower like-novel nanocomposite of Mg(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3 decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with high capacitive behavior as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Hermadianti Syadza Aisyah , Handayani Murni , Anggoro Muhammad Aulia , Ristiana Desinta Dwi , Anshori Isa , Esmawan Agung , Rahmayanti Yosephin Dewiani , Suhandi Andi , Timuda Gerald Ensang , Sunnardianto Gagus Ketut , Widagdo Bambang Wisnu , Ermawati Frida Ulfah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, ceramic materials of Mg(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3 were synthesized and decorated on reduced graphene oxide, forming a nanocomposite of rGO/Mg(Ti0.99Sn0.01)O3 (rGO/MTS001). The successful synthesis results were confirmed by XRD, UV–vis analysis, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS. The MTS001 has a flower-like morphology from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and the nanocomposites of rGO/MTS001 showed MTS001 particles decorated on the rGO’s surface. The electrochemical performance of rGO/MTS001 and MTS001 was investigated by determining the specific capacitance obtained in 1 M H2SO4 solution by cyclic voltammetry, followed by galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis using a three-electrode setup. The rGO/MTS001 achieved a specific capacitance of 361.97 F g‒1, compared to MTS001 (194.90 F g‒1). The capacitance retention of rGO/MTS001 nanocomposite also depicted excellent cyclic stability of 95.72% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g‒1. The result showed that the nanocomposite of ceramics with graphene materials has a potential for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Energy painting: helium-beam radiography with thin detectors and multiple beam energies
Authors: Metzner Margareta , Zhevachevska Daria , Schlechter Annika , Kehrein Florian , Schlecker Julian , Murillo Carlos , Brons Stephan , Jäkel Oliver , Martišíková Mária , Gehrke Tim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Compact ion imaging systems based on thin detectors are a promising prospect for the clinical environment since they are easily integrated into the clinical workflow. Their measurement principle is based on energy deposition instead of the conventionally measured residual energy or range. Therefore, thin detectors are limited in the water-equivalent thickness range they can image with high precision. This article presents our energy painting method, which has been developed to render high precision imaging with thin detectors feasible even for objects with larger, clinically relevant water-equivalent thickness (WET) ranges. Approach. A detection system exclusively based on pixelated silicon Timepix detectors was used at the Heidelberg ion-beam therapy center to track single helium ions and measure their energy deposition behind the imaged object. Calibration curves were established for five initial beam energies to relate the measured energy deposition to WET. They were evaluated regarding their accuracy, precision and temporal stability. Furthermore, a 60 mm × 12 mm region of a wedge phantom was imaged quantitatively exploiting the calibrated energies and five different mono-energetic images. These mono-energetic images were combined in a pixel-by-pixel manner by averaging the WET-data weighted according to their single-ion WET precision (SIWP) and the number of contributing ions. Main result. A quantitative helium-beam radiograph of the wedge phantom with an average SIWP of 1.82(5) % over the entire WET interval from 150 mm to 220 mm was obtained. Compared to the previously used methodology, the SIWP improved by a factor of 2.49 ± 0.16. The relative stopping power value of the wedge derived from the energy-painted image matches the result from range pullback measurements with a relative deviation of only 0.4 %. Significance. The proposed method overcomes the insufficient precision for wide WET ranges when employing detection systems with thin detectors. Applying this method is an important prerequisite for imaging of patients. Hence, it advances detection systems based on energy deposition measurements towards clinical implementation.
A tutorial overview of the angular scattering models of electron–neutral, ion–neutral, neutral–neutral, and Coulomb collisions in Monte Carlo collision modeling on low-temperature plasma
Authors: Yang Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, extensive modeling practices on low-temperature plasmas have revealed that input data such as microscopic scattering cross-sections are crucial to output macroscopic phenomena. In Monte Carlo collision (MCC) modeling of natural and laboratory plasma, the angular scattering model is a non-trivial topic. Conforming to the pedagogical purpose of this overview, the classical and quantum theories of binary scattering, such as the commonly used Born–Bethe approximation, are first introduced. Adequate angular scattering models, which MCC simulation can handle as input, are derived based on the above theories for electron–neutral, ion–neutral, neutral–neutral, and Coulomb collisions. This tutorial does not aim to provide accurate cross-sectional data by modern approaches in quantum theory, but rather to introduce analytical angular scattering models from classical, semi-empirical, and first-order perturbation theory. The reviewed models are expected to be readily incorporated into the MCC codes, in which the scattering angle is randomly sampled through analytical inversion instead of the numerical accept–reject method. These simplified approaches are very attractive, and demonstrate in many cases the ability to achieve a striking agreement with experiments. Energy partition models on electron–neutral ionization are also discussed with insight from the binary-encounter Bethe theory. This overview is written in a tutorial style in order to serve as a guide for novices in this field, and at the same time as a comprehensive reference for practitioners of MCC modeling on plasma.
Microstructural, optical, and morphological investigations of SnO2 nanomaterials grown by microwave assisted sol gel method
Authors: Deshmukh Lalita , Kadam S L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanomaterials were grown using the microwave-assisted sol–gel method at different concentrations of tin precursor (namely 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 M). Stannous chloride is used as a Sn precursor. Liquid ammonia was used to maintain the pH in the range of 12–13. Synthesis was carried out in an aqueous medium using a Teflon container in a microwave oven for 1 hour. Precipitate was annealed in ambient air for 600oC. Structural, optical, and morphological investigations were done. XRD reveals the growth of the tetragonal phase of SnO2. The prominent presence of (110), (101), and (211) reflections was noticed at 26.6, 33.7, and 52 two-theta values. Tin oxide is transparent in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, several attempts have been made to decrease the visible blindness of tin oxide. The band gap is a property of nanomaterials that can tailor their application in the optoelectronic field. Band gap and crystallite size show a prominent relationship in the nano-domain. Strain was not considered while calculating crystallite size using the Scherrer formula. In this investigation, we have measured the crystallite size and other structural features such as strain, stress, deformation energy, dislocation de\nsity, etc using the W-H plot method. All modified models of the W-H method have been utilized for this measurement. A comparative and comprehensive study of structural features was carried out using the Scherrer method, the Williamson–Hall method, and all its modified models. The crystallite size measured by the Scherrer method and various models of the W-H method shows a peak at 0.2 M concentration. Crystallite size plots of various modified W-H methods show similar trends, followed by the Scherrer plot. Strain calculated by Brag’s theory as well as all modified W-H depicts similar behaviour upon changing the concentration. Globular agglomerated morphology was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of tin (Sn) and oxygen (O) was confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The band gap was obtained using the Tauc theory, which portrays variation in the range of 3.4 to 3.6 eV.
A Systematic study on the alpha decay of superheavy nuclei using empirical diffuseness parameter in the coulomb and proximity potential model
Authors: Prathapan K , Deneshan P , Rajan M K Preethi , Biju R K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recent studies of Dehghani et al [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 33 14 1850080 (2018)] and Abdul-latif et al [Phys. Rev. C 100, 024601 (2019)] revealed the importance of the diffuseness parameter in the calculation of alpha decay half-lives from superheavy elements using proximity potentials. In the present paper, predictions of the empirical formula for the diffuseness parameter proposed by Abdul-latif et al is analyzed in view of the diffuseness parameter calculated by Dehghani et al using WKB method and considering deformed Woods–Saxon nuclear potential, deformed Coulomb potential, and centrifugal potential; and related theoretical aspects. From the conclusions, we propose three new empirical formulae for the diffuseness parameter. Using the diffuseness parameter calculated from the proposed empirical formula in the Coulomb and Proximity Potential Model (CPPM), the alpha decay half-life of 68 superheavy nuclei is calculated and compared with the experimental values. The inclusion of the diffuseness parameter in proximity potential improved the predictive power of the CPPM considerably.
Effect of Ag layer thickness on lateral photovoltaic mechanisms in Ag/p-Si structures
Authors: Dong Xinyuan , Zheng Diyuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) has been widely employed in optoelectronic devices for its high sensitivity and broadband responsivity. Typically, the physical mechanism of LPE is based on Schottky junction or PN junction. In this article, we present experimental evidence for multiple lateral photovoltaic mechanisms in Ag/p-Si structures and demonstrate the dominant mechanism of LPE can be converted from surface states to the Schottky barrier or localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) by tuning the Ag thickness. We believe this experimental result extends the knowledge into the underlying mechanisms of LPE and presents a wide range of possibilities for the further development of LPE-based photodetectors.
Numerical modeling of time dependent Diffusive Shock Acceleration
Authors: Aerdker S. , Merten L. , Becker Tjus J. , Walter D. , Effenberger F. , Fichtner H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Motivated by cosmic ray (CR) re-acceleration at a potential Galactic Wind Termination
Shock (GWTS), we present a numerical model for time-dependent Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA). We use the stochastic differential equation solver (DiffusionSDE) of the cosmic ray
propagation framework CRPropa3.2 with two modifications: An importance sampling module is
introduced to improve statistics at high energies in order to keep the simulation time short. An
adaptive time step is implemented in the DiffusionSDE module. This ensures to efficiently meet
constraints on the time and diffusion step, which is crucial to obtain the correct shock spectra.
The time evolution of the spectrum at a one-dimensional planar shock is verified against the
solution obtained by the grid-based solver VLUGR3 for both energy-independent and energy-dependent
diffusion. We show that the injection of pre-accelerated particles can lead to a broken power law
spectrum in momentum if the incoming spectrum of CRs is harder than the re-accelerated
spectrum. If the injected spectrum is steeper, the shock spectrum dominates at all energies. We
finally apply the developed model to the GWTS by considering a spherically symmetric shock, a
spiral Galactic magnetic field, and anisotropic diffusion. The time-dependent spectrum at the
shock is modeled as a basis for further studies.
Resonant second-harmonic generation of self-focused oblique incident laser beam in plasma
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Thakur Vishal , Srivastava Sushila , Kant Niti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present manuscript aims to realize the effect of self-focusing on second-harmonic generation (SHG) by oblique incident laser beams in plasma. When an intense laser beam is obliquely incident on the plasma, it is resolved into reflected and refracted components, and resonant SHG is produced in the reflected component on account of the self-focusing of the incident laser. With the help of paraxial approximation, we have obtained a mathematical expression for the beam width parameter and for the normalized amplitude of the second harmonic. It has been observed that the amplitude of the second-harmonic pulse is significantly influenced by the intensity of the incident laser beam, the wiggler magnetic field, and the normalized plasma frequency. The analysis was performed for different values of the angle of incidence and laser parameters. The results show stronger self-focusing and, hence, efficient SHG when the angle of incidence is the critical angle.