bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site formation processes in Theopetra Cave: A record of climatic change during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene in Thessaly, Greece
Authors: Karkanas Panagiotis 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTheopetra Cave preserves a 6.4‐m‐thick sedimentary sequence characterized by alternating, mostly water‐lain sediments, and multisequence burnt layers. Eighteen principal radiocarbon ages provide temporal control for this sequence. The sediments of the cave were examined using micromorphological techniques, which involves the study of petrographic thin sections produced from resin‐impregnated, undisturbed blocks of sediment. Several distinct cold periods are recorded in the sediments. The earliest of these represents a major cooling, and it is tentatively assigned to Oxygen Isotope Stage 4 on the basis of the sedimentation rate and the associated sequence of events. A brief cold event affected the uppermost part of a burnt layer dated to ca. 46 kyr B.P., but its effect ended well before 40 kyr B.P. The second major cold phase spans the period between around 33 kyr B.P. and the end of Last Glacial Maximum (16 kyr B.P.). However, there is ample evidence for a milder interval around 25 kyr B.P. It is argued that a distinctive, albeit weaker and brief cold peak, at about 11 kyr B.P., provides the strongest evidence so far obtained in Greece for the Younger Dryas event. Both major cold phases are characterized by a sequence of events that started with alternating freeze–thaw activity and phosphate cementation and ended with erosion. The return to milder conditions is accompanied by natural aggradation inside the cave. The aggradation accelerated throughout much of the glacial phase and ended soon after the Last Glacial Maximum. In addition, two other major erosional events are recorded in the cave. The first may be correlated with an early Holocene arid interval at around 7.5 kyr B.P. The second is tentatively assigned to the end of Neolithic, although it is not clear if it was triggered by a climatic change or by human disturbance of the landscape. The general sedimentation pattern at Theopetra is comparable with the trend of the alluviation history in the Plain of Thessaly. Moreover, the observed correlation with major climatic variations, such as the Heinrich events in the Northern Atlantic, could represent the influence of northern latitude climatic forcing on the late Pleistocene climate in central Greece. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C‐phosphorylation of 5,10‐dimethyl‐5,10‐dihydrophenazine and its carbo‐ and heteroanalogs
Authors: Ivonin Sergei P. , Kopteva Svetlana D. , Serdyuk Viktor N. , Tolmachev Andrei A. , Pinchuk Aleksandr M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study covers phosphorylation of heterocyclic analogues of N‐methyldiphenylamine with phosphorus tribromide in pyridine solution. The reaction is found to proceed regioselectively in accordance with the orienting effect of the amino group. Mono and bis‐phosphorylated derivatives of the heterocycles have been isolated and characterized. It is pointed out that the heterocyclic systems under study exhibit reduced reactivity in electrophilic phosphorylation as compared to N‐methyldiphenylamine. The results of calculations by the PM3 method are reported for the starting molecules and their σ‐complexes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:652–657, 2001
Feasibility and long‐term results of autologous PBSC transplantation in recurrent undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Airoldi Mario , De Crescenzo Alberto , Pedani Fulvia , Marchionatti Sara , Gabriele Anna Maria , Succo Giovanni , Rosti Giovanni , Bumma Cesare 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (UNPC) is a chemosensitive illness. Here we report long‐term results of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) as late intensification, with autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support.MethodsSix patients (5 men, 1 woman; median age 41years; median ECOG PS = 0) with recurrent UNPC (local, 2; local + nodal, 2; bone metastasis, 2) have been enrolled. All patients had been previously treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy; 3 of 4 local relapses had received a re‐irradiation. Every patient received three courses of cisplatin + epirubicin and 1 cycle of epirubicin followed by PBSC collection. A median of 7.2 × 106/kg (range, 4.5–18) CD34+ cells were reinfused. HDC was according ICE scheme: ifosfamide, 2.5 g/m2/d, + carboplatin, 300 mg/m2/d, + VP‐16, 300 mg/m2/d days 1 through 4.ResultsAfter conventional chemotherapy, we had 1 CR (16%), 3 PR (50%), and 2 NC (34%). After HDC, we had 4 CR (66%) ,1 PR (17%), and 1 MR (17%). Toxicity was manageable. After a median follow‐up of 30 months (range, 14–50), two patients are alive without disease (34%), one is alive with bone disease (16%), and three (50%) died of disease at 16, 18, and 24 months.ConclusionsHDC has an acceptable toxicity, can convert PR in CR, and seems effective, with long‐lasting CRs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 799–803, 2001.
Two cases of primary malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac
Authors: Lee Heung‐Man , Kang Hee Joon , Choi Geon , Chae Sung Won , Kim Chul Hwan , Hwang Soon Jae , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundMalignancy of the lacrimal sac is rare, and primary malignant melanoma in this region is extremely rare.MethodsWe report two cases of malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac presented with epiphora and a palpable mass in the medial canthal area. We performed radical surgery and radiation therapy.ResultsThe light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic studies confirmed the diagnosis. One of the patients, a 65‐year‐old‐woman, has no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis 3 years after surgery and radiotherapy, whereas another patient, a 56‐year‐old man, died of distant metastasis 6 months after surgery and radiotherapy.ConclusionsWe present two cases of malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac that masqueraded as chronic dacryocystitis. Head and neck surgeons should be aware of this disease entity when encountered with patients with epiphora and mass in the medial canthal area. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 809–813, 2001
Bilateral medial temporal lobe damage does not affect lexical or grammatical processing: Evidence from amnesic patient H.M.
Authors: Kensinger Elizabeth A. , Ullman Michael T. , Corkin Suzanne 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn the most extensive investigation to date of language in global amnesia, we acquired data from experimental measures and examined longitudinal data from standardized tests, to determine whether language function was preserved in the amnesic patient H.M. The experimental measures indicated that H.M. performed normally on tests of lexical memory and grammatical function, relative to age‐ and education‐matched control participants. Longitudinal data from four Wechsler subtests (Information, Comprehension, Similarities, and Vocabulary), that H.M. had taken 20 times between 1953 (preoperatively) and 2000, indicated consistent performance across time, and provided no evidence of a lexical memory decrement. We conclude that medial temporal lobe structures are not critical for retention and use of already acquired lexical information or for grammatical processing. They are, however, required for acquisition of lexical information, as evidenced in previous studies revealing H.M.'s profound impairment at learning new words. Hippocampus 2001;11:347–360. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting the role of the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse
Authors: Urban Nathaniel N. , Henze Darrell A. , Barrionuevo German 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe mossy fiber pathway has long been considered to provide the major source of excitatory input to pyramidal cells of hippocampal area CA3. In this review we describe anatomical and physiological properties of this pathway that challenge this view. We argue that the mossy fiber pathway does not provide the main input to CA3 pyramidal cells, and that the short‐term plasticity and amplitude variance of mossy fiber synapses may be more important features than their long‐term plasticity or absolute input strength. Hippocampus 2001;11:408–417. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profile of 30,000 genes in rat hippocampus using SAGE
Authors: Datson Nicole A. , van der Perk Jeannette , de Kloet E. Ronald , Vreugdenhil Erno 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method, we generated a gene expression profile of the rat hippocampus. A total of 76,790 SAGE tags was analyzed, allowing identification of 28,748 different tag species, each representing a unique mRNA transcript. The tags were divided into different abundancy classes, ranging from tags that were detected over 500 times to tags encountered only once in the 76,790 tags analyzed. The mRNA species detected more than 50 times represented 0.3% of the total number of unique tags while accounting for 22% of the total hippocampal mRNA mass. The majority of tags were encountered 5 times or less. The genes expressed at the highest levels were of mitochondrial origin, consistent with a high requirement for energy in neuronal tissue. At a lower level of expression, several neuron‐specific transcripts were encountered, encoding various neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, and enzymes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and turnover, ion channels and pumps, and synaptic components. Comparison of relative expression levels demonstrated that glutamate receptors are the most frequent neurotransmitter receptors expressed in the hippocampus, consistent with the important role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus, while GABA receptors were present at approximately 10‐fold lower levels. Several kinases were present including CaMKII, which was expressed at high levels, consistent with its being the most abundant protein in the spines of hippocampal pyramidal cells. This is the first extensive inventory of gene expression in the hippocampus and serves as a reference for future studies aimed at elucidating hippocampal transcriptional responses under various conditions. Hippocampus 2001;11:430–444. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GluR5,6,7 subunit immunoreactivity on apical pyramidal cell dendrites in hippocampus of schizophrenics and manic depressives
Authors: Benes Francine M. , Todtenkopf Mark S. , Kostoulakos Paul 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecent postmortem studies have suggested that changes in the regulation of kainate‐sensitive glutamate receptors (kainate receptors) in the hippocampus may play a role in schizophrenia. To explore this possibility further, the distribution of immunoreactivity (IR) for the GluR5,6,7 subunits of the KR was assessed in a cohort consisting of 15 normal controls, 15 schizophrenics, and 9 manic depressives matched for age and postmortem interval (PMI). Cross sections of hippocampus showed abundant GluR5,6,7‐IR on apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare. In normal controls, both the numerical and length density of IR dendrites were much higher in sector CA2 than in sectors CA3 or CA1. When data for the individual groups were separately examined, the schizophrenics showed a 30–35% reduction in the density of GluR5,6,7‐IR dendrites found in both stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare of sectors CA3 and CA2, as well as proximal and middle portions of CA1. In CA2, the magnitude of this decrease in schizophrenia was 2.5 times larger than that seen in any of the other sectors. For the manic depressive group, no significant differences were observed in any sectors or laminae examined. The potential confounding effects of either age, PMI, or neuroleptic exposure do not explain the reduced density of IR dendrites detected in the schizophrenic group. Taken together, the preferential reduction of GluR5,6,7‐IR observed on apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons is consistent with a functional downregulation of the kainate receptor in the hippocampus of schizophrenic brain. Hippocampus 2001;11:482–491. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of pre‐ and postnatal corticosterone exposure on the rat hippocampal GABA system
Authors: Stone David J. , Walsh John P. , Sebro Ronnie , Stevens Renna , Pantazopolous Harry , Benes Francine M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence have implicated prenatal stress and the hippocampal GABA system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and prenatal stress is believed to increase the risk for schizophrenia through alterations of this neurotransmitter. To explore this hypothesis, we treated male rats pre‐ and/or postnatally (P48 and P60) with either corticosterone (CORT) or vehicle to establish three study groups: VVV, receiving vehicle at all three time points; VCC, receiving vehicle prenatally and CORT at both postnatal timepoints; and CCC, receiving CORT at all three timepoints. Animals were sacrificed at either 24 h or 5 days after final injection and examined for mRNA levels of GAD65, GAD67, and the GABAA receptor subunits α2 and γ2. At 24 h, GAD65 mRNA was decreased in CA1, CA2, CA4, and dentate gyrus (DG) of VCC rats; this effect was either decreased or reversed in CCC‐treated animals. No effect was detected in GAD67 mRNA at 24 h. At 5 days, CORT treatment increased GAD67 mRNA levels in CA1, CA3, and DG. Prenatal treatment with CORT was associated with increased responsiveness only in CA3 and DG. For the GABAA receptor, α2 subunit mRNA did not show any change in response to CORT treatment, while that for the γ2 subunit was decreased in CA2 of both VCC‐ and CCC‐treated animals. Consistent with γ2 subunit mRNA decreases, benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor binding activity was decreased in CA2 with CORT treatment. Prenatal CORT exposure neither increased nor decreased this effect. These results demonstrate that CORT administration is associated with a complex regulation of mRNA expression for pre‐ and postnatal aspects of the hippocampal GABA system. Under these conditions, prenatal exposure to CORT may sensitize some of these effects, but does not fundamentally alter the nature of this response. Hippocampus 2001;11:492–507. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Schmajuk Nestor A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAlthough not necessarily primary to the disease, hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia is suggested by morphological changes in the hippocampal formation reported in schizophrenic patients. This notion receives additional support from studies showing that 1) similar behavioral deficits are exhibited by both schizophrenics and animals with hippocampal lesions, and 2) some of these behavioral deficits are reversed by neuroleptics in both schizophrenics and lesioned animals. A brain‐mapped neural network model is used to explain how some impairments in attention can be caused by hippocampal dysfunction and ameliorated by dopaminergic blockers. Hippocampus 2001;11:599–613. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclin D1 overexpression associates with radiosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shintani Satoru , Mihara Mariko , Ueyama Yoshiya , Matsumura Tomohiro , Wong David T.W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOverexpression of cyclin D1, a G1 cell cycle regulator, is often found in many different tumor types, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Recent laboratory experiments have demonstrated that cyclin D1 levels can influence radiosensitivity in various cell lines. This study evaluated the relationship between cyclin D1 expression levels and radiosensitivity in nine oral SCC cell lines (HSC2, HSC3, HSC4, SCC15, SCC25, SCC66, SCC111, Ca9‐22, and NAN2) and 41 clinical patients with oral SCC who underwent preoperative radiation therapy. Radiosensitivity of the nine oral SCC cell lines differed greatly in their response to radiation, assessed by a standard colony formation assay. Likewise, the expression of cyclin D1 varied, and the magnitude of the cyclin D1 expression correlated with increased tumor radiosensitivity. The similar significant association between the response to preoperative radiation therapy and cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in the oral SCC patients who were treated with preoperative radiation therapy. These results suggest that cyclin D1 expression levels correlate to radiosensitivity and could be used to predict the effectiveness of radiation therapy on oral SCC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated cAMP formation in vitro by paraoxon and chlorpyrifos oxon in cortical slices from neonatal, juvenile, and adult rats
Authors: Olivier Kenneth , Liu Jing , Pope Carey 
Published: November 2004

AbstractParathion (PS) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are organophosphorus insecticides, which elicit toxicity following biotransformation to the potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, paraoxon (PO) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO). Both oxons have also been shown to interact directly with muscarinic receptors coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Immature animals are more sensitive than adults to the acute toxicity of PS and CPF but little is known regarding possible age‐related differences in interactions between these toxicants and muscarinic receptors. We compared the inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated cAMP formation by PO and CPO (1 nM–1 mM) in vitro in brain slices from 7‐, 21‐, and 90‐day‐old rats to the effects of well‐known muscarinic agonists, carbachol and oxotremorine (100 μM). Both agonists inhibited cAMP formation in tissues from all age groups and both were more effective in adult and juvenile (20–26% inhibition) than in neonatal (12–13% inhibition) tissues. Atropine (10 μM) completely blocked agonist‐induced inhibition in all cases. PO maximally inhibited (37–46%) cAMP formation similarly in tissues from all age groups, but atropine blocked those effects only partially and only in tissues from 7‐day‐old rats. CPO similarly inhibited cAMP formation across age groups (27–38%), but ATR was partially effective in tissues from all three age groups. Both oxons were markedly more potent in tissues from younger animals. We conclude that PO and CPO can directly inhibit cAMP formation through muscarinic receptor‐dependent and independent mechanisms and that the developing nervous system may be more sensitive to these noncholinesterase actions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:263–269, 2001
Di‐tert‐butylhydroxylated flavonoids protect endothelial cells against oxidized LDL‐induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Furman Christophe , Lebeau Jonathan , Fruchart Jean‐Charles , Bernier Jean‐Luc , Duriez Patrick , Cotelle Nicole , Teissier Elisabeth 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe protective effect of di‐tert‐butylhydroxylated flavonoids (chalcones and arylidenes) against minimally oxidized LDL (mO‐LDL)‐induced cytotoxicity was studied in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Most of the tested compounds decreased aldehydes formation in medium containing mO‐LDL, but their capacity to inhibit LDL oxidation in the cellular medium was not sufficient to totally reduce the cellular toxicity of mO‐LDL. Most of the tested flavonoids improved the integrity of cells exposed to mO‐LDL, whereas butylated hydroxytoluene was ineffective and quercetin worsened the toxicity of mO‐LDL. Moreover these flavonoids induced an increase in GSH cellular levels and their protective effects might be because of their inability to reduce metal ion. Arylidene 6 substituted at position 7 by a hydroxyl group was the most potent compound. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:270–278, 2001
Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of CYP1A1 cDNA from leaping mullet (Liza Saliens) liver and implications for the potential functions of its conserved amino acids
Authors: Sen Alaattin , Hu Chin‐Hwa , Urbach Ena , Wang‐Buhler Jun‐Lan , Yang Yea‐Huey , Arinc Emel , Buhler Donald R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA 2,037 bp CYP1A1 cDNA (GenBank AF072899) was cloned through screening of a λZipLox cDNA library constructed from the liver of a leaping mullet (Liza saliens) fish captured from Izmir Bay on the Aegean coast of Turkey using rainbow trout CYP1A1 cDNA as a probe. This clone has a 130 bp 5'‐flanking region, a 1,563 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 521‐amino acid protein (58,972 Da), and a 344 bp 3'‐untranslated region without a poly (A) tail. Alignment of the deduced amino acids of CYP1A1 cDNAs showed 58% and 69–96% identities with human and 12 other fish species, respectively. Southern blot analysis suggested that this CYP1A1 cDNA was from a single‐copy gene. Based on the comparison with CYP1A1 genes reported for fish and mammals, the leaping mullet CYP1A1 gene is probably split into 7 exons. The intron insertion sites were predicted. Alignment of the CYP1A1 cDNA encoded amino acids from 13 fish and 7 mammalian species disclosed differences in highly conserved amino acids between aquatic and land vertebrates. The possible associated secondary structure; conserved motifs and substrate‐binding sites were discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of CYP1A1s among 13 fish species were analyzed by a distance method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:243–255, 2001
Spatial and Temporal Ontogenies of Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Disulfide Reductase During Development of the Prenatal Rat
Authors: Choe Hyungsuk , Hansen Jason M. , Harris Craig 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSpatial and temporal expression and regulation of the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase
(GSH‐Px), glutathione disulfide reductase (GSSG‐Rd) may be important in determining cell‐specific
susceptibility to embryotoxicants. Creation of tissue‐specific ontogenies for antioxidant enzyme activities during development is
an important first step in understanding regulatory relationships. Early organogenesis‐stage embryos were grouped
according to the somite number (GD 9–13), and fetuses were evaluated by gestational day (GD 14–21). GSH‐Px activities in the
visceral yolk sac (VYS) increased on consecutive days from GD 9 to GD 13, representing a 5.7‐fold increase during this period of development. GSH‐Px
activities in VYS decreased after GD 13, ultimately constituting a 37% decrease at GD 21. Head, heart, and trunk specific activities generally
increased from GD 9 to GD 13 albeit not to the same magnitude as detected in the VYS. GSSG‐Rd activities showed substantial increases in the VYS from GD 9 to GD
13, 6.3‐fold and decreased thereafter to 50% by GD 21. The greatest changes in enzyme activities were noted in the period between GD 10 and GD 11,
where the embryo establishes an active cardiovascular system and begins to convert to aerobic metabolism. Generally, from GD 14–21, embryonic organ
GSH‐Px and GSSG‐Rd activities either remained constant or increased as gestation progressed. These studies suggest the importance of the VYS in dealing with
ROS and protecting the embryo. Furthermore, understanding the consequences of lower antioxidant activities during organogenesis may help to pinpoint periods of
teratogenic susceptibility to xenobiotics and increased oxygen. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:197–206, 2001