bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Painting a Truer Picture of US Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Health Inequalities: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Authors: Krieger Nancy , Chen Jarvis T. , Waterman Pamela D. , Rehkopf David H. , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. We describe a method to facilitate routine monitoring of socioeconomic health disparities in the United States. Methods. We analyzed geocoded public health surveillance data including events from birth to death (c. 1990) linked to 1990 census tract (CT) poverty data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Results. For virtually all outcomes, risk increased with CT poverty, and when we adjusted for CT poverty racial/ethnic disparities were substantially reduced. For half the outcomes, more than 50% of cases would not have occurred if population rates equaled those of persons in the least impoverished CTs. In the early 1990s, persons in the least impoverished CT were the only group meeting Healthy People 2000 objectives a decade ahead. Conclusions. Geocoding and use of the CT poverty measure permit routine monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in health, using a common and accessible metric.
Equitable Child Health Interventions
Authors: Burström Bo , Macassa Gloria , Öberg Lisa , Bernhardt Eva , Smedman Lars 
Published: January 2005

Today, many of the 10 million childhood deaths each year are caused by diseases of poverty—diarrhea and pneumonia, for example, which were previously major causes of childhood death in many European countries. Specific analyses of the historical decline of child mortality may shed light on the potential equity impact of interventions to reduce child mortality. In our study of the impact of improved water and sanitation in Stockholm from 1878 to 1925, we examined the decline in overall and diarrhea mortality among children, both in general and by socioeconomic group. We report a decline in overall mortality and of diarrhea mortality and a leveling out of socioeconomic differences in child mortality due to diarrheal diseases, but not of overall mortality. The contribution of general and targeted policies is discussed.
Health Services Research Tools for Public Health Professionals
Authors: Whitener B. Lynn , Van Horne Virginia V. , Gauthier Anne K. 
Published: January 2005

Although the fields of public health and health services research have much in common, public health practitioners—in their daily encounters with practical, frontline challenges—may not be aware of the quantity and the quality of information generated by health services research that is directly related to public health activities. We describe a number of health services research resources that public health practitioners may find useful, including an overview of these resources and several in-depth examples.
Maternal Mortality in Resource-Poor Settings: Policy Barriers to Care
Authors: Mavalankar Dileep V. , Rosenfield Allan 
Published: January 2005

Maternal mortality remains one of the most daunting public health problems in resource-poor settings, and reductions in maternal mortality have been identified as a prominent component of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The World Health Organization estimates that 515000 women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, and almost all of these deaths occur in developing countries. Evidence has shown that access to and utilization of high-quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) is central to efforts aimed at reducing maternal mortality. We analyzed health care policies that restrict access to life-saving EmOC in most resource-poor settings, focusing on examples from rural India, a country of more than 1 billion people that contributes approximately 20% to 24% of the world’s maternal deaths.
Inequities in Coverage of Preventive Child Health Interventions: The Rural Drinking Water Supply Program and the Universal Immunization Program in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Mohan Pavitra 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. I assessed whether the Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (RDWSP) and the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) have achieved equitable coverage in Rajasthan, India, and explored program characteristics that affect equitable coverage of preventive health interventions. Methods. A total of 2460 children presenting at 12 primary health facilities in one district of Rajasthan were enrolled and classified into economic quartiles based on possession of assets. Immunization coverage and prime source of drinking water were compared across quartiles. Results. A higher access to piped water by wealthier families (P< .001) was compensated by higher access to hand pumps by poorer families (P<.001), resulting in equal access to a safe source (P=.9). Immunization coverage was inequitable, favoring the wealthier children (P<.001). Conclusions. The RDWSP has achieved equitable coverage, while UIP coverage remains highly inequitable. Programs can make coverage more equitable by formulating explicit objectives to ensure physical access to all, promoting the intervention’s demand by the poor, and enhancing the support and monitoring of frontline workers who deliver these interventions.
Injuries Among Older Americans With and Without Medicare
Authors: Clark David E. , DeLorenzo Michael A. , Lucas F.L. , Wennberg David E. 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. We evaluated the generalizability of Medicare fee-for-service data for patients hospitalized with injuries. Methods. We used 1998–2000 Medicare hospitalization data and National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data to analyze patients aged 65 years and older with principal injury diagnoses. Results. Demographics and injury patterns were similar in Medicare data and NHDS Medicare data. Injured patients without Medicare or health maintenance organization coverage were younger, less likely to have hip fractures, and more likely to have head or chest injuries. Mortality and discharge to long-term care were not significantly affected by insurance coverage, after we controlled for injury type and severity, age, gender, and comorbidity. Medicare patients had slightly longer hospital lengths of stay. Conclusions. Hospital outcomes are generally similar among older patients with a given anatomic injury, regardless of insurance coverage.
The State Children’s Health Insurance Program: A Multicenter Trial of Outreach Through the Emergency Department
Authors: Gordon James A. , Emond Jennifer A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: January 2005

Objectives. We evaluated emergency department (ED)–based outreach for the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Methods. We conducted a multicenter trial among uninsured children (≤ 18 years) who presented to 5 EDs in 2001 and 2002. On-site staff enrolled consecutive subjects for a control period followed by an intervention period during which staff handed out SCHIP applications to the uninsured. The primary outcome was state-level confirmation of insured status at 90 days. Results. We followed 223 subjects (108 control, 115 intervention) by both phone interview and state records. Compared to control subjects, those receiving a SCHIP application were more likely to have state health insurance at 90 days (42% vs 28%; P<.05; odds ratio [OR]=3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.7, 8.6). Although the intervention effect was prominent among 118 African Americans (50% insured after intervention vs 31% of controls, P<.05), lack of family enrollment in other public assistance programs was the primary predictor of intervention success (OR=3.7; 95% CI=1.6, 8.4). Conclusions. Handing out insurance applications in the ED can be an effective SCHIP enrollment strategy, particularly among minority children without connections to the social welfare system. Adopted nationwide, this simple strategy could initiate insurance coverage for more than a quarter million additional children each year.
Health Plan Liability and ERISA: The Expanding Scope of State Legislation
Authors: Hellinger Fred J. , Young Gary J. 
Published: January 2005

The federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) supersedes state laws as they relate to employer-based health care plans. Thus, cases brought under ERISA are heard in federal courts. We examined the intent, scope, and impact of recent laws passed in 10 states attempting to expand the legal rights of health plan enrollees to sue their plans. In June 2004, the US Supreme Court ruled that state-law causes of action brought under the Texas Health Care Liability Act involving coverage decisions by Aetna Health Inc and CIGNA Health Care of Texas were preempted by ERISA. The full implications of this decision are not evident at present.
A Private-Sector Preferred Provider Network Model for Public Health Screening of Newly Resettled Refugees
Authors: Geltman Paul L. , Cochran Jennifer 
Published: January 2005

US law and regulations stipulate a process for the health screening of refugees. The responsibility of caring for refugees resettled in the United States rests, in part, with public health or welfare departments. Massachusetts has met its screening responsibilities through the innovative creation of a network of private preferred providers. We explore the Massachusetts model of public–private collaboration within the context of federal refugee health priorities and current state fiscal restraints affecting public health programs, and demonstrate the model’s accomplishments.
Language of lies in prison: linguistic classification of prisoners' truthful and deceptive natural language
Authors: Bond Gary D. , Lee Adrienne Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLinguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software was used to code truthful and deceptive words in prisoners' natural language. Reality Monitoring (RM) and Newman, Pennebaker, Berry, & Richards' (NP, 2003) models were used. NP indicates that lies contain fewer self‐references, other references, and exclusive words, and higher numbers of negative emotion and motion words. Higher sensory, spatial, temporal and affective RM terms were predicted for truths, and more cognitive mechanism words were predicted for lies. The RM model's hit rate was 71.1% and discriminability was 1.11 without spatial words, which were surprisingly higher in lies than in truth statements, and the NP model was 69.7%, d′ = 0.99. The software models were contrasted with humans' hit rates, and younger prisoners had 71% hits, d′ = 0.22, but older prisoners had 50% hits, d′ = 0.90. The software set unbiased criteria (β), but younger prisoners were biased in setting their criteria when judging statement veracity, β = −0.34. Without other references, found to be higher in truths than in lies, NP classified 59% of statements correctly. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accuracy of footballers' frequency estimates of their own football heading
Authors: Rutherford A. , Fernie G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA number of studies have suggested that football heading is associated with neuropsychological impairment. However, analyses indicating such a relationship have employed footballers' subjective estimations rather than objective measures of their heading frequency. This is despite frequency estimation research suggesting that such subjective estimations would be inaccurate. In two studies examining the relationship between footballers' heading frequency estimates and their observed heading frequency, footballers' estimates were found to be inaccurate, but positively related to their actual heading frequency. However, there were differences in estimate accuracy between studies. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed and recommendations are made for studies examining the relationship between heading frequency and neuropsychological impairment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suggestibility and source monitoring errors: blame the interview style, interviewer consistency, and the child's personality
Authors: Shapiro Lauren R. , Purdy Telisa L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSixty children were forced to confabulate or given misinformation about a simulated crime. Higher suggestibility in the forced confabulation group than in the suggestive group occurred even after 1 week. Interview source errors in the forced confabulation group were higher for confabulations when asked by the same person, but for control items when asked by a different person. Interview source errors in the suggestive group were higher for confabulations when asked by a different person, but for control items when asked by the same person. Confabulations were misattributed to the video by the forced confabulation more than the suggestive group. However, both groups mistakenly believed they had previously discussed control true‐event items. Suggestibility was high when imaginative and dissociative children were forced to confabulate. Control false‐event items were misattributed to the interview by compliant children and to the video by imaginative children in the forced confabulation group. Shy children in the forced confabulation group misattributed confabulations to the video, whereas distractible children in the suggestive group misattributed control false‐event items to both sources. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PM‐10 and Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter of the Province of Lecce (Apulia, Southern Italy)
Authors: Buccolieri Alessandro , Buccolieri Giovanni , Cardellicchio Nicola , Dell'Atti Angelo , Florio Elena Tiziana 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper shows the results of a preliminary study of air monitoring in the province of Lecce (Apulia, Southern Italy). In particular, the attention has been focused on the determination of the PM‐10 level and of the concentration of nine metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) present on the filters which were collected in two towns (Lecce and Campi Salentina) from 2002 until 2003. The metals have been chosen on the basis of their toxicity and of their possible use as chemical tracers. The results have proved that PM‐10 values and metals concentrations did not show substantial difference between the two towns and that PM‐10 level and lead concentration are below the limit established by Italian law in force. The experiments have demonstrated a high correlation between iron and manganese in both sampling sites; this could be attributed to pollution of metallurgical origin.Multivariate statistical analysis, carried out by HCA and PCA methods, has been used in order to differentiate samples in relation to sampling sites, sampling period and meteorological conditions.
Simultaneous Determination of Phenol and Mononitrophenol Isomers Using PLS Regression and Conventional and Derivative Spectrophotometry
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Ghavami Raoof , Sharghi Hashem , Hemmateenejad Bahram 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe partial least squares regression method (PLS) was tested as a calibration procedure for the simultaneous determination of phenol, o‐nitrophenol, m‐nitrophenol and p‐nitrophenol by both conventional and first derivative UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The experiments were conducted in the acidic, neutral and basic media. The results obtained by the application of the PLS procedure on the conventional and first derivative spectra in two solvent media were compared. It was found that the results obtained in the basic medium have better performance characteristics than those obtained in the acidic or neutral media. Comparable results were obtained in the case of both conventional and first derivative absorbance data. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the four phenol derivatives in natural spiked water samples at concentration levels between 1.0 and 10.0 μg ml‐1 with average recoveries in the range 96% ‐ 99%.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Rutin by Its Inhibitory Effect on the Oxidation of Amaranth by Potassium Periodate
Authors: Wang Shuhao , Du Lingyun , Yao Xingjun , Niu Xueli , Zhuang Huisheng 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel kinetic spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of rutin. The method is based on the inhibitory effect of rutin on the oxidation reaction of amaranth by potassium periodate in acidic media at 100 °C. The linear range for the determination of rutin is 0.02 ∼ 0.50 μg/ml, and the detection limit is 0.014 μg/ml. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of rutin in medicine of rutin tablet and traditional Chinese medicine.
8.5 Mb deletion at distal 5p in a male ascertained for azoospermia
Authors: Rossi Elena , de Gregori Manuela , Grazia Patricelli Maria , Pramparo Tiziano , Argentiero Luisa , Giglio Sabrina , Sosta Katiuscia , Foresti Giovanni , Zuffardi Orsetta 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on a 5p− azoospermic male not showing the clinical features diagnostic for the cri‐du‐chat syndrome but for a breathy, raspy voice. The 5p deletion breakpoint, determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with BAC clones, maps 8.5 Mb far from the short arm telomere in 5p15.31. Genotype/phenotype correlations in this subject, including his neuropsychological assessment, led us to define that the gene for the cat‐like cry and one gene responsible for mild mental retardation with speech delay map both in the distal 8.5 Mb of chromosome 5 short arm. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glucose metabolism and serotonin receptors in the frontotemporal lobe degeneration
Authors: Franceschi Massimo , Anchisi Davide , Pelati Oriana , Zuffi Marta , Matarrese Mario , Moresco Rosa Maria , Fazio Ferruccio , Perani Daniela 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn patients with the frontal variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (fv‐FTLD), behavioral abnormalities may vary from apathy with motor slowness (apathetic form) to disinhibition with agitation (disinhibited form). These clinical presentations may be related to specific regional cerebral dysfunction and to deficit in the serotoninergic system. We studied cerebral glucose uptake using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography in 18 patients fulfilling clinical criteria for fv‐FTLD and showing, respectively, an apathetic or disinhibited behavioral syndrome. In eight of these patients, we also evaluated the 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2A receptor cerebral receptor distribution with [11C]MDL and positron emission tomography. We found a reduction of frontal glucose metabolism in the whole group of fv‐FTLD patients. Apathetic syndrome was associated with a prevalent dorsolateral and frontal medial hypometabolism, whereas the disinhibited syndrome demonstrated a selective hypometabolism in interconnected limbic structures (the cingulate cortex, hippocampus/amygdala, and accumbens nucleus). The in vivo measurements of [11C]MDL indicated a significant reduction of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2A receptors in orbitofrontal, frontal medial, and cingulate cortices. These 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography changes can be considered as specific functional markers of the different behavioral presentations in fv‐FTLD. The serotoninergic system dysfunction provides a rationale for therapeutic trials with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Ann Neurol 2005;57:216–225
Early seizures after temporal lobectomy predict subsequent seizure recurrence
Authors: McIntosh Anne M. , Kalnins Renate M. , Mitchell L. Anne , Berkovic Samuel F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPatients are understandably anxious if seizures occur immediately after temporal lobectomy. Such “neighborhood” seizures are commonly regarded as irrelevant to seizure outcome and discounted in outcome measurement. We conducted an in‐depth examination of early postoperative seizures (<28 days) and outcome. The risk of recurrence at one postoperative year was calculated using Poisson regression, and statistical adjustments were made for preoperative pathology. Of 321 patients, 69 (22%) experienced early postoperative seizures. These early seizures were associated with subsequent seizure recurrence (rate ratio [RR] 5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–8.4). Among patients with early seizures, the only significant factor was the presence of seizure precipitants, which was associated with a lower recurrence risk. However, when compared with patients with no early seizures, those with precipitants to early seizures had a higher risk of recurrence (RR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.8–5.2). The risk was higher again for patients without precipitants to early seizures (RR, 7.6; 95% CI, 5.0–11.5). Early seizures and other seizure recurrences in the first postoperative year did not differ in their effect on subsequent outcome (X2 [3] = 3.4, p = 0.33). We conclude that early postoperative seizures are associated with subsequent seizure recurrence. These findings have implications for patient counseling and the measurement of outcome. Ann Neurol 2005;57:283–288
Slow‐wave sleep and delta power in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Massicotte‐Marquez Jessica , Carrier Julie , Décary Anne , Mathieu Annie , Vendette Mélanie , Petit Dominique , Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by the loss of normal muscle atonia during REM sleep, leading to an increase of phasic muscle activity and complex motor behaviors during the night. There is some evidence that RBD patients have more of slow‐wave sleep (SWS) than healthy elderly subjects. No study has looked at quantitative electroencephalogram analysis during non‐REM sleep in either primary or secondary RBD. The aim of this study was to assess the increase of SWS and to analyze different electroencephalographic frequency ranges during non‐REM sleep in 28 idiopathic RBD patients compared with 28 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Idiopathic RBD patients spent more time in SWS (men: 1.4%; women: 5.9%) than control subjects (men: 0.4%; women: 0.6%; p = 0.004). Spectral analyses demonstrated that idiopathic RBD patients had increased all‐night δ power in comparison with control subjects (p = 002). This study shows an increase of SWS and power in the δ band during non‐REM sleep in idiopathic RBD patients compared with control subjects. Results are discussed about the possible nigrostriatal dopaminergic impairment in RBD patients and the association between RBD and neurodegenerative disorders. Ann Neurol 2005;57:277–282