bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoproliferation in captive wild ruminants affected with malignant catarrhal fever: 25 cases (1977-1985)
Authors: Blake J.E. , Nielsen N.O. , Heuschele W.P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The severity of lymphoproliferative disease associated with malignant catarrhal fever was extremely variable among 25 animals at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Severe lymphoproliferative disease was seen in 3 of 10 Formosan Sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus), 3 of 6 Indian Axis deer (Cervus a axis), 3 of 6 Barasingha deer (Cervus d duvauceli), and 1 of 3 Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus). Two Sika deer and 2 Barasingha deer had lesions morphologically indistinguishable from lymphosarcoma. Our findings were consistent with the hypothesis that alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 has oncogenic potential.
Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in dairy cattle
Authors: Smith John A. , Thrall Mary Anna , Smith Joni L. , Salman Mowafak D. , Ching Shelley V. , Collins James K 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Approximately 10 of 100 young heifers that had recently delivered their first calf—members of a large Colorado dairy herd—had a syndrome of swollen teats and distal portions of the hind limbs, prefemoral lymphadenopathy, transient fever, rough coat, decreased milk production, and subsequent weight loss and reproductive inefficiency. Acute clinical signs of disease were associated with large numbers of Eperythrozoon wenyonii seen on blood smears, and resolution of signs correlated with reduction or disappearance of the parasite. Other known causes of peripheral edema could not be documented. The parasite was transmitted to 4 of 7 nonlactating dairy cows destined to be culled and a splenectomized calf via IV inoculation of blood from parasitemic heifers, but clinical signs of infection were not induced.
Comparison of two doses of aqueous bovine thyrotropin for thyroid function testing in dogs
Authors: Beale Karin Muth , Helm Larence J. , Keisling Karen 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thyroid function was evaluated in 20 healthy dogs by thyrotropin (tsh) response testing. Two dose regimens were used: 5 IU of tsh given iv and 1 IU of tsh given iv. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 4 and 6 hours after tsh administration. Serum was obtained and analyzed for total 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine (T4) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. All dogs were classified as euthyroid on the basis of response to 5 IU of tsh at 4 and 6 hours. The 1-IU dose of tsh failed to induce adequate increase in T4 concentration in 7 dogs at 4 and 6 hours when the criteria for normal response were post-tsh serum concentration T4 ≥ 3.0 μg/dl and serum T4 increase by ≥ 100% over baseline serum T4 concentration. One IU of tsh induced increase in serum T4 concentration over baseline; however, the increase was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that in response to a 5-IU dose at 6 hours after administration of tsh.
Cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves: 277 cases (1986-1987)
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Zeman David H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
From January 1986 through December 1987, 277 cases of cryptosporidiosis in calves were diagnosed by the South Dakota State University Diagnostic Laboratory. Cryptosporidium sp was the only pathogen identified in 142 (51.3%) of the calves. Concurrent infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, bovine viral diarrhea virus, or other pathogens were identified in the remaining 135 calves. After elimination of cases involving autolyzed specimens or calves with chronic diarrhea, records of 11 calves with acute, severe cryptosporidiosis were identified in which Cryptosporidium sp was the only pathogen.
Implementation and evaluation of a strategic parasite control program for captive exotic ungulates
Authors: Boyce Walter , Allen Jack , Himmelwright Craig , Elliott Lee , Mikolon Andrea , Mazet Jonna , Gardner Ian 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A parasite control program was designed for > 1,200 exotic ungulates maintained in mixed-species enclosures at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Three strategically-timed anthelmintic treatments were given during 1988-1989, and their success was evaluated by monitoring pretreatment and posttreatment fecal egg counts. Adequate parasite control was achieved for animals in 52 ungulate species, as evidenced by low pretreatment egg counts and the absence of egg-shedding after treatment. However, animals belonging to 11 species in the subfamilies Antilopinae, Hippotraginae, and Caprinae were identified as important targets for more intensive control efforts because they shed either > 100 eggs/g of feces before treatment, or > 0 eggs/g after treatment, at 2 or more sampling periods. These results and observations were used to generate management recommendations and illustrate how a model parasite control program can be developed for collections of exotic ungulates.
Cache Valley virus infection in Texas sheep flocks
Authors: Chung S. I. , Livingston C. W. , Jones C. W. , Collisson E. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cache Valley virus (cvv), an arbovirus indigenous to the United States, has been implicated as an important teratogenic agent in sheep. The prevalence and distribution of Texas sheep with cvv-specific antibody were investigated. In 1981, 19.1% of 366 sheep located in 22 counties of Texas had antibodies specific for cvv. Of 50 flocks examined in the major sheep-producing counties in Texas, 34 had sheep with antibodies that reacted with cvv, including all sheep tested in 6 flocks that were seropositive. Sera obtained from sheep at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at San Angelo between 1986 and 1989 were also examined for cvv-specific antibody because this flock was the subject of the episode of cvv-associated congenital malformations during the 1986 and 1987 lambing season. Approximately 8.6% of 104 sheep in 1986, 63.4% of 164 in 1987, 11.3% of 44 in 1988, and 71.9% of 89 in 1989 from the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at San Angelo tested were seropositive. The data indicate that cvv infections in sheep were widespread in Texas in 1981 and that the virus is enzootic in sheep at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in San Angelo, where the episode of congenital malformations had initially been reported in 1987.
Evaluation of the safety of ivermectin administered in a beef-based formulation to ivermectin-sensitive Collies
Authors: Fassler P. E. , Tranquilli W. J. , Paul A. J. , Soll M. D. , DiPietro J. A. , Todd K. S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Twenty-four Collies sensitive to the toxic effects of ivermectin, when administered at high dosages, were studied to evaluate the effects of repeated monthly treatment with an ivermectin beef-based formulation at amounts up to 10 times the dosage recommended for heartworm prevention in dogs. Collies were treated 3 times at 30-day intervals at rates of 12, 36, or 60 μg of ivermectin/kg of body weight, or with vehicle. Complete physical and neurologic examinations were performed on all dogs prior to the first treatment and after the final treatment. Clinical observations and ivermectin reaction scores were recorded daily for each dog throughout the study.
Clinical or neurologic signs characteristic of ivermectin toxicosis were not observed for any dog during the study. Single episodes of vomiting were recorded for 2 vehicle-treated dogs and 2 dogs treated with ivermectin at 12 μg/kg from 6 to 21 days after treatment. At the end of the study, all dogs were challenge-exposed with ivermectin at 120 μg/kg to reconfirm their sensitivity to this class of compounds. All dogs developed signs typical of ivermectin toxicosis during the subsequent 48- to 72-hour period.
Results of this study demonstrated that ivermectin can be administered repeatedly without adverse effects at rates up to 60 μg/kg (10 times the recommended use level) to Collies known to be sensitive to this drug.
Osteogenic sarcoma and cisplatin chemotherapy in dogs: 16 cases (1986-1989)
Authors: Kraegel Susan A. , Madewell Bruce R. , Simonson Eric , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Sixteen dogs, given adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy after amputation for osteogenic sarcoma of the appendicular skeleton, had a median survival time of 413 days. Ten dogs (62%) were alive 1 year after amputation. Dogs were given cisplatin at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 of body surface every 4 weeks for a total of 6 cisplatin treatments, or until metastatic disease was detected. Cisplatin chemotherapy was well-tolerated by most dogs, with only 1 dog developing serious gastrointestinal toxicosis, requiring hospitalization. Results of this study support other investigators' findings that when a cisplatin chemotherapy-based protocol is administered, survival times after amputation can be prolonged for dogs with osteogenic sarcoma.
Veterinary education with career emphasis: A partnership with private, public, and corporate veterinary practice
Authors: Eyre Peter 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine responded to the Pew-sponsored National Veterinary Education Program by proposing a Center for Government and Corporate Veterinary Medicine. The Center is currently providing, through elective course offerings and practical experiences, a senior clinical curriculum that permits career emphasis in a number of species areas, in addition to a unique program for graduates wishing to enter the field of public and corporate veterinary medicine. The Center is also developing post-veterinary school education for advanced degrees (PhD, MS) and residency training in public and corporate fields, and for midcareer updating and changes of career emphasis.
Ovariectomy by colpotomy in cows
Authors: Drost M. , Savio J. D. , Barros C. M. , Badinga L. , Thatcher W. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
For the purpose of collecting active ovarian structures for cell culture, unilateral ovariectomy (n = 34 ovaries) was performed per vagina on 17 dairy cows having normal estrous cycles, bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 9 (n = 18 ovaries) dairy cows, and corpora lutea (n = 13) were removed from 11 beef cows having normal estrous cycles. None of the cows was clinically ill after the operation. Nine of 37 cows developed adhesions of both uterine horns and the body of the uterus. Three instruments were used to perform colpotomy. The described surgical technique for removal of the ovaries or corpora lutea is practical and inexpensive, and has low morbidity associated with it.
Closure of the iliac crest ossification center in dogs: 750 cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Fagin Bennett D. , Aronson Everett , Gutzmer Mark A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Radiographs of 750 dogs were examined to determine whether the iliac crest ossification center was open or closed. The center was closed in most dogs by 2 years of age. Eighteen percent of dogs ≥ 10 years old had open iliac crest ossification center; 10% of dogs ≥ 14 years old had open iliac crest ossification center. Closure of the iliac crest ossification center is extremely variable and, in many dogs, occurs at later age than has been previously reported.
Effects of selenium supplementation in cattle on aquatic ecosystems in northern California
Authors: Norman Ben , Nader Glenn , Oliver Michael , Delmas Rick , Drake Daniel , George Holly 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The potential impact on aquatic ecosystems of supplementing the diets of beef cattle with selenium (Se) was studied on 4 northern California ranches. All study sites included an area of concentrated use by cattle that had diets supplemented with Se. In each case, a stream flowed through the site and provided a control sampling area upstream and a treated sampling area downstream. Specimens of water, sediment, algae, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish were analyzed fluorometrically for total Se content. Significant differences in Se concentration were not found between specimens from upstream control areas and those from downstream areas subjected to use by Se-treated cattle. Evidence was not found that Se supplementation in cattle at maximal permitted concentrations caused Se accumulation in associated aquatic ecosystems.
Flavobacterium indologenes infection in leopard frogs
Authors: Olson M. E. , Gard S. , Brown M. , Hampton R. , Morck D. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An investigation of an epidemic of infectious disease in a frog (Rana pipiens) colony was conducted. Six of 40 frogs in a continuous (once through) water flow housing system had weight loss, swollen abdomen, corneal edema, uveitis, subcutaneous edema, petechial hemorrhage, incoordination, and respiratory distress. The frogs had lesions consistent with bacterial septicemia. A gram-negative, nonfermenting bacillus, Flavobacterium indologenes (Flavobacterium sp biovar IIb), was isolated in pure culture from tissues and blood.
The clinical isolate was used to inoculate healthy frogs SC. An isolate identical to the one isolated from the sick frogs was recovered from tissues and blood of the inoculated frogs. Inoculation of the housing water in a nonflow-through system did not result in disease, despite proliferation of the Flavobacterium spp in the water; therefore, it is likely that establishment of infection requires the presence of the organism in sufficient numbers and a portal of entry into the body.
Association between water sulfate and diarrhea in swine on Ohio farms
Authors: Veenhuizen M. Fleck 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Water samples and survey information related to prevalence of diarrhea, pathogens isolated, history of water quality problems, source of water, geographic location, land use, and water use were obtained from 54 swine farms in Ohio. Water was analyzed for concentration of sulfates and total dissolved solids by use of ion chromatography and electrical conductivity techniques. Sulfate concentrations in drinking water for swine ranged from 5.99 to 1,629 mg/L, with a mean of 231.78 mg/L and a median of 85.39 mg/L. Mean concentration of total dissolved solids was 632.2 mg/L, with a median of 581 mg/L and a range of 175 to 2,058 mg/L. Concentrations of water sulfate and total dissolved solids were highly correlated (P = 0.001). Sulfate concentrations were correlated with geographic location. Higher concentrations were found in the northern and western regions of Ohio. Associations between sulfate concentrations and prevalence of diarrhea, pathogens isolated, or source of water could not be established, but water sulfate concentrations significantly (P = 0.0002) increased with depth of the well. Water sulfate concentration could be approximated when geographic location, depth of well, and concentration of total dissolved solids were known. Sixty-nine percent (37/54) of the participating farms in the study had not had any laboratory-confirmed reports of diarrhea in swine in the preceding 2 years. Of those reporting diarrhea, most signs of disease were detected in pigs < 2 weeks old or in young pigs within 2 weeks of entry into the nursery.
Effect of intrauterine antimicrobial treatment in reducing calving-to-conception interval in cows with endometritis
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. , Jameson Connor M. , Picanso John P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A prospective clinical trial was conducted on 2 large dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California to determine whether a single intrauterine infusion with procaine penicillin G or oxytetracycline reduced the calving-to-conception interval in cows with endometritis. Cows with endometritis were randomly assigned to a treatment or a control group. The uterus of treated cows on 1 dairy was infused with 0.8 to 1.0 million U of procaine penicillin G in 40 ml of sterile water, and the uterus of treated cows on the other dairy was infused with 500 mg of Oxytetracycline in 20 ml of sterile water, both of which were typical doses used on dairies in the area. A difference was not observed in the cumulative proportion of cows remaining nonpregnant between 87 penicillin-treated and 77 control cows on the 1 dairy (P = 0.356), or between 74 oxytetracycline-treated and 62 control cows on the other dairy (P = 0.174). Results suggest that routine infusion of antibiotics to treat endometritis, as commonly practiced, may not be efficacious.
Growth and microbial flora of nonmedicated, segregated, early weaned pigs from a commercial swine operation
Authors: Dritz Steve S. , Chengappa M. M. , Nelssen James L. , Tokach Michael D. , Goodband Robert D. , Nietfeld Jerome C. , Staats Jacque J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether segregated, early weaned pigs have better growth performance and different microbial flora than those of pigs raised on-site.

Design
Prospective, observational study.

Animals
Pigs from a commercial operation that were known to be infected with several common swine pathogens.

Procedure
Pigs (7 to 10 days old) were weaned and segregated from the farm of origin and compared with littermate control pigs (14 to 17 days old) that were weaned and raised on-site. Pig weight was measured and microbial flora were isolated at 14-day intervals for 84 days, beginning when the pigs were 7 to 10 days old.

Results
At 50 days of age, the segregated, early weaned pigs had a mean weight of 23.7 kg, compared with a mean weight of 12.5 kg for control pigs. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from fewer segregated, early weaned pigs than from controls. Signs of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection were detected in control pigs but not in segregated early weaned pigs. Clinical, serologic, or bacteriologie signs of early postnatal vertical transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumonias were not detected in either group.

Clinical Implication
Vertical transmission of M hyopneumoniae was prevented by weaning pigs at 7 to 10 days of age and segregating them off-site, without the use of medication. Although medicated controls were not compared, results from this herd revealed that use of antibiotics is not the most important factor for disease control in segregated, early weaning programs. Minimizing antibiotic use in disease-control protocols reduces costs as well as removes the need for extra-label drugs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:711–715)
Management variables associated with high mortality rates attributable to respiratory tract problems in female calves prior to weaning
Authors: Losinger Willard C. , Heinrichs A. Jud 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To identify risk factors associated with high mortality rates attributable to respiratory tract problems in female calves prior to weaning.

Design—
Cross-sectional national survey.

Sample Population—
1,685 dairies.

Procedure—
Dairies that had ≥ 3 female calves that were born by a herd member or purchased during a 3-month period were classified into operations with high or low mortality rates attributable to respiratory tract problems in female calves prior to weaning. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify management practices associated with high mortality rates caused by respiratory tract problems.

Results—
1,363 of 47,057 (2.9%) calves died of respiratory tract problems during a 3-month period. Management variables associated with high mortality rates caused by respiratory tract problems were housing of ≥ 7 calves in a group and rolling herd average for milk production of ≤ 9,072 kg. Also, dairies located in the West or Southeast had higher mortality rates.

Clinical Implications—
Dairy operators that house calves in large groups prior to weaning may need to pay close attention to respiratory tract illness in their calves. Herds with high milk production have lower mortality from respiratory tract illness than herds with low milk production. Dairies in the West and Southeast have higher mortality attributable to respiratory tract problems than dairies in other regions of the country. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1756–1759)
Economic evaluation of risks to producers who use milk residue testing programs
Authors: Slenning Barrett Durand , Gardner Ian Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate the decision to test for milk antimicrobial residues in milk from dairy cows treated with procaine penicillin G (PPG).

Design—
Economic-decision analysis after stochastic simulation.

Sample Population—
1,000 computer-simulated cows/model.

Procedure—
Meta-analysis of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank was used to generate PPG disappearance curves for cows given single PPG treatments, IM, of 6,600 U/kg (3,000 U/Ib) of body weight or 26,400 U/kg (12,000 U/lb), and multiple treatments at 26,400 U/kg (12,000 U/lb), IM. These curves were entered into 1,000-replication stochastic pharmacokinetic models, generating population-level milk PPG profiles for each treatment group for each day after treatment, which were subjected to economic-decision analyses of feasibility of residue testing. The model was evaluated for changes in herd size, proportion of herd available for testing, milk production, test price, test sensitivity/specificity, and withdrawal periods.

Results—
For both single-treatment groups, a 2-day withdrawal period avoided violative residues. However, nearly two thirds of the cows risked false identification for violative residues. For the multiple-treated group, nearly 40% had violative residues after a 5-day withdrawal period, and an additional 10 to 15% risked false identification for violative residues. Economic analysis yielded a decision against testing; mean cost was $2 (ie, 5% more than the mean cost of not testing).

Clinical Implications—
Complex dynamics of current milk residue tests discourage practitioners from recommending procedures to clients. In general, increases in herd size, milk production, proportion of a herd available for testing, or milk price will increase the value of testing. Increasing test sensitivity decreases its desirability to producers. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:419–427)
Epidemiologic study of cats and dogs affected by the 1991 Oakland fire
Authors: Heath Sebastian E. , Kass Phil , Hart Lynette , Zompolis Greg 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify risk factors of pets affected by the 1991 Oakland, Calif fire for being lost, found, adopted, or reunited with owners.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Animals
1,075 cats and 197 dogs affected by the fire and 221 cats and 128 dogs not affected by the fire.

Procedures
Records compiled from 1991 to 1995 by the Oakland Firestorm Pet Hotline were analyzed.

Results
Peak activity for the hotline was on days 3 and 4 after the fire, but decreased to a low, steady rate by day 21. Many pets were found that had been abandoned or were part of a large free-roaming population that existed at the time of the fire. Many were missing after the fire and presumed killed. The longer owners delayed looking for their pet, the lower the chance of being reunited. Pets wearing collars with the owners' names and addresses had a more than 10-fold chance of being reunited, compared with pets without collars. Increasing odds for adoption of lost pets was associated with their proximity to the fire.

Clinical Implications
Hotlines set up after sudden impact disasters, such as the Oakland Firestorm Pet Hotline, will probably register primarily abandoned animals. Reunion of pets with their owners appears to be most likely for those that receive an overall better level of care than pets found at other times. Adoption of pets after this disaster was primarily by the person who found that animal and principally resulted when the pet was found close to the disaster area. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:504-511)