bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediation for the resolution of international economic conflicts. Effective approaches and perspectives
Authors: Zhomartkyzy M. 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine mediation as a mechanism for resolving international economic conflicts and to identify effective approaches for their resolution. International economic conflicts are an integral part of today's globalized economy, contributing significantly to the complication of international relations and threatening sustainable development. This article examines the effectiveness and potential of mediation as a tool for resolving international economic conflicts. In particular, the article analyzes the advantages of using mediation, stages of its application, successful practices, as well as challenges and prospects for the development of this method of dispute resolution.
In the modern world, international economic conflicts are becoming more and more relevant and complex. These conflicts can have serious consequences for states, corporations and international relations in general. This article explores the role and importance of mediation as an effective tool for resolving international economic disputes.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the use of mediation in resolving international economic conflicts, to identify the advantages of this method, to review its stages and challenges, and to present the prospects for the development of this approach, to understand the essence of mediation and its basic principles. An overview of the advantages of this method, such as preserving business relationships and taking into account the interests of the parties is presented, analyzing the sequence of stages of the mediation process and their role in achieving a settlement. Successful mediation cases are examined in detail, emphasizing the importance of the mediator's role and the advantages of mediation over other dispute resolution methods.
The limitations of mediation are also discussed and ways to overcome them are suggested. The article concludes by presenting possible directions for the development of mediation, such as integration into international law and the use of modern technologies.
As a result of the study, it can be concluded about the importance of mediation in resolving international economic conflicts. Its flexibility, focus on the interests of the parties and ability to preserve long-term relationships make mediation an indispensable tool in modern international practice.
Book possession of real estate: concept and critique review
Authors: Popov Yu. 
Published: December 2023

The author examines the peculiarities of the Ukrainian concept of book possession (as a factual state) perceived by judicial practice. This concept is based on the principle of registration confirmation of possession, according to which the actual owner of the real estate is the one for whom the property right is registered. On the other hand, physical occupation of the real estate does not cause possession of it.
This approach is based on the understanding of possession as a declaration of rights to the outside world (which is an outward expression of the will to take hold of a thing). With this approach, physical possession is only one type of possession, but other types are also possible, one of which is book possession.
The function of possession (regardless of its type) is to create a presumption that ownership or other property rights belong to a person. Such a presumption is rebuttable.
The advantages of book possession are the following: a high level of legal certainty both as to persons who are in possession of the property, and as to the nature of possession (in respect of which rights each of the possessors executes possession); separate possession of real estate concerning different property rights, availability of possession to the mortgagee; a high level of legal certainty regarding the nature of the violation of rights (whether such a violation is related or not related to deprivation of possession), and therefore regarding the proper (adequate) remedy; more reliable protection against unlawful deprivation of possession; universal application of the remedies established in the Civil Code using deeply-rooted doctrinal approaches (which are the same as in disputes regarding movable property).
An analysis of the literature containing critical comments on the concept of book possession is carried out. Emphasis is placed on the importance of constructive criticism, which can help correct the shortcomings of both the concept itself and its practical application. Logical errors were found in the analyzed works, such as violation of the law of identity (principium identitatis), irrelevant thesis (ignoratio elenchi), appeal to authority (ipse dixit), etc.
An example is given of the prompt consideration by the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court of fair criticism regarding the fact that in some decisions of the Supreme Court, the right of possession on the one hand, and possession as a factual state, on the other hand, were not conflated.
Business reputation of legal entities according to the civil legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Ratushna B. 
Published: December 2023

In the article research of concept «business reputation» is carried out legal entities as participants of public relations. It is set that the row of the personal unproperty rights for legal entities, among that and right on inviolability of business reputation of legal entities, is envisaged in the article 94 of the Civil code of Ukraine. It is educed that business reputation is the personal unproperty blessing of legal entities. At the same time in the Civil code of Ukraine absent determination of concept «business reputation» legal entities, that causes a necessity to set forth such determination and offer him legislatively to fasten in the Civil code of Ukraine. It is set that the scientific association of Ukraine did not go round attention this question and offered a few variants of determination of concept «business reputation» legal entities.
Supreme court of Ukraine in resolution of Plenum ВСУ from 27.02.2009 №1 also set forth own determination of this concept, in accordance with that business reputation is an estimation of entrepreneurial, public, professional or other activity of legal entities, that is carried out by such persons as participants of public relations. On the basis of this determination the improved variant of concept «business reputation» is offered, namely: «positive estimation of entrepreneurial, public, professional or other activity of legal entities, that is carried out by such persons as participants of public. Just the same determination of concept of business reputation it is suggested to fasten in the Civil code of Ukraine. It is well-proven that the negative estimation of activity of legal entities testifies to absence of business reputation for such legal entities. It is also set that business reputation is presumption of law, that is assumed after every legal entity. As well as any other presumption of law, a presence for the legal entity of business reputation can be refuted in the judicial order by establishment of negative estimation of activity of such legal entity.
Compensation of damages related to the loss or reduction of employment capacity of a minor, minor person caused by disability or other health damage
Authors: Skrynyk M.V. 
Published: December 2023

This scientific article explores the crucial issue of compensating minors for the loss or reduction of their working capacity resulting from mutilation or other health-related damages. Minors are particularly vulnerable to such injuries, which can have profound and lifelong consequences on their physical, emotional, and socio-economic well­being. This study delves into the legal, ethical, and practical dimensions of compensating minors in these circumstances.
The research begins by analyzing the existing legal frameworks and international conventions that safeguard the rights of minors and underscore the obligation to provide compensation for harm. It highlights the importance of a child's right to development and protection from exploitation, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing the consequences of mutilation and health-related damages.
Furthermore, this article explores the complexities surrounding the assessment of compensation for minors, taking into account the unique developmental trajectories and potential future earnings of children. It investigates methodologies for estimating both immediate and long-term damages, considering medical costs, psychological support, and educational needs. The article also discusses the role of insurance systems and public policies in facilitating compensation and support for affected minors.
Additionally, ethical considerations are scrutinized, such as the necessity of prioritizing the child's best interests and ensuring that compensation mechanisms do not inadvertently perpetuate exploitation or discrimination. The article examines case studies from various jurisdictions, shedding light on successful practices and potential areas for improvement.
In conclusion, this scientific article underscores the urgency of addressing compensation for minors who have suffered mutilation or other health damages affecting their working capacity. It advocates for a holistic approach that integrates legal, ethical, and practical considerations to ensure that affected minors receive the support they need to lead fulfilling lives and realize their full potential despite the challenges they face.
Concept and types of war crimes and the order of their investigation in the Ukrainian People's Republic for the Central Rada
Authors: Eder P. 
Published: December 2023

The article carries out a historical and legal analysis of the concept and types of war crimes and the order of their investigation in Ukraine under the Central Rada. It is shown that at the beginning of the Ukrainian Revolution, the «Military Criminal Statute» in the edition of July 1, 1879, with some later additions, remained in force in the military chronicles. More than 90% of the considered cases before the start of the Ukrainian revolution concerned: 1) voluntary desertion of a military unit (escape); 2) not showing up for duty at the specified time; 3) violation of the order and rules of guard service; 4) inappropriate behavior in relation to seniors in military rank, as well as officials who performed special military service duties; 5) loss and deliberate damage to military property. Of course, the revolutionary events in Ukraine made adjustments to the structure of crimes (for example, the consideration of cases under the desertion article increased), but the above-mentioned trends persisted.
It was emphasized that the military legislation of the time provided for a preliminary investigation. Suspect servicemen who were on active duty were called in for investigation directly through their commanders. Legal reasons for not appearing at the investigation were considered to be: deprivation of the accused's liberty; natural force majeure that prevented timely arrival at the place of interrogation (for example, flooding of rivers); accident; illness (including close relatives); death. In the case of hostilities during the war, the possibility/impossibility of the arrival of the accused or witnesses was determined by the military investigator. If a military witness did not appear for questioning without reason, the military investigator was obliged to immediately inform his command.
It is noted that at the initial stage of the Ukrainian revolution, the investigation of war crimes took place in accordance with the current Russian legislation. Most often, offenses of a disciplinary nature were recorded (violation of military discipline, disobedience to the leadership, etc.). Desertion from military units has gained a menacing scope. A new challenge for the Ukrainian authorities was the violation of social order by military personnel and the spread of Bolshevik propaganda. Revolutionary expediency led to the fact that the Central Rada took the path of mitigating punishments for military personnel who committed minor offenses on the condition that they prove that the said actions were carried out for political reasons. In particular, the Amnesty Law of 1917 provided for the absence of punishment for those who voluntarily left their military units to join Ukrainian military units.
Theoretical and legal analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of human rights limitation: differences between related concepts
Authors: Kuksov V. 
Published: December 2023

The article examines the relationship between the concepts of «restriction of human rights» and «discrimination». It was established that the study of differences in the essence of these concepts is extremely important in the context of law-making and law-implementation concepts of modern society.
The state of scientific research on the topic and the most common approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of «restriction of human rights» and «discrimination» are analyzed. Their doctrinal understanding is revealed and the main legal features are indicated.
It has been found that the restriction of rights can arise in the form of necessary restrictions to ensure general well-being or national security and other demanded social values, while discrimination is aimed at violating the equality and dignity of a person, according to certain characteristics, in order to weaken the legal position of certain social groups Two approaches to defining the concept of «restriction of human rights» have been identified. According to the first, the restriction of human rights is characterized by the understanding of such a restriction as narrowing, reducing the opportunity to enjoy certain social benefits, with the aim of ensuring the realization of the rights of other people, health protection and protection of the territorial integrity of the state. According to the second approach, the limitation of rights is considered as the establishment of certain frameworks, prohibitions, responsibilities, imposition of additional duties in order to ensure the necessary balance between public and private interests. Two approaches to defining the concept of «discrimination» have been identified. Representatives of the first approach define discrimination through actions that violate the principle of equality and affect human dignity, representatives of the second approach reduce discrimination to differences in human rights and freedoms.
It was established that «restriction of rights» is a mechanism by which the state can regulate the behavior of citizens in the interests of national security, public order or ensuring the safety of other people, which may include the establishment of additional duties, prohibitions, responsibilities, etc. On the contrary, «discrimination» is aimed at certain social groups and consists in the violation of their equality and dignity, manifested in the restriction of access to various opportunities, services or resources based on personal characteristics.
Discussion aspects of combating corruption in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Demianchuk Y.V. , Sydorenko V.V. , Hnatiuk A.R. , Hotsulenko I.O. , Hryhoruk M.I. , Zhovmir M.I. 
Published: December 2023

Modern Ukraine has become a training ground for various social experiments. Therefore, it is not difficult to find different types of models for fighting corruption in its history. Turning to the comprehensible historical period in modern Ukraine and the former USSR, several such conceptual models can be distinguished.
The totalitarian model of the fight against corruption involves comprehensive control by the state over the behavior of officials and a tough response to any deviations from accepted norms (written and unwritten) that they have allowed. This model was mostly implemented in the era of „Stalinism”.
To combat corruption, human rights are violated, as totalitarianism is fundamentally incompatible with their observance.
However, such a model also has positive features: it ensures a close correlation between the level of authority of an official and the degree of responsibility. The risk of being prosecuted and punished increases for individuals who are closer to the top of power - the closer to the top, the greater the risk. In other words, the principle of implementation of responsibility works: „from top to bottom”, which is an ideal means of optimizing any social system.
The authoritarian model of combating corruption has its own fundamental feature - the implementation of responsibility is selective, according to the attitudes of the „leader”. For a long time, such persons were representatives of the party elite. This model was typical during the reigns of Khrushchev and Brezhnev.
It is worth mentioning two more features inherent in the authoritarian model: firstly, the rise of an official to a certain level of authority actually provides legal immunity, secondly, money in this model plays a secondary role or has no importance at all.
The considered model of combating corruption motivates the desire to get into power structures for reasons of personal safety and impunity; therefore, the processes of power degradation and its successive corruption are embedded in it.
The liberal model of fighting corruption means complete irresponsibility, impunity and permissiveness. Such circumstances occur in periods of revolutionary upheavals, when the new government has not yet mastered the functions of management or deliberately initiates destructive processes. The historical periods of the existence of this model are the time of the Provisional Government, reforms are actively taking place.
Sufficient financial support for servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine is a guarantee of the national security of the state
Authors: Umaiev B.B. 
Published: December 2023

Employees and military personnel of the Security Service of Ukraine are equal citizens of the state and have the full range of rights and freedoms defined by international legal norms and relevant constitutional principles, among which the right to social protection, in particular to material support, occupies an important place. At the same time, the social protection of this category of workers should not only compensate for the difficult working conditions and restrictions on their rights that result from the conditions of this type of service, but also stimulate professional growth, motivate them to perform their tasks at a high professional level, selflessly and as efficiently as possible. However, not enough attention is currently paid to the social protection of servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine, in particular to their financial support.
The purpose of the article is to consider the actual issues of material support of servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine.
The importance, not only during wartime, but also during peacetime, of sufficient financial support for military personnel and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine, who are a special category of employees who carry out their work on behalf of the state and for the implementation of its functions, is emphasized. Although there are currently dynamic changes in the legislation regarding financial support for this category of employees, at the same time, little attention is paid, in particular, to the disclosure of the essence of financial support, outlining its purpose and purpose, the connection between the quality and volume of financial support and the level of motivation regarding the quality performance of duties is not highlighted connections and many other problematic, unresolved issues. The same problems arise when assigning and recalculating pensions of servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine, at the same time, pensions must correspond to a decent standard of living of such pensioners, adequately provide for them in old age and in case of loss of working capacity. Therefore, the state should in no way ignore the issue of financial support for this category of workers, as this may affect the level of national security of the state.
Amor a la camiseta: hacia una caracterización del amor al equipo de futbol
Authors: Cervantes Flores Jesús Gerardo 
Published: December 2023

El amor se ha abordado desde la teoría en diversos tipos, según la época y las características del mismo. Se puede dividir en el amor de pareja, donde entra el amor romántico, el apasionado y el confluente; y otros tipos como el amor fraternal y el amor materno. Sin embargo, poco se han estudiado otros tipos de amor como el que se le tiene y expresa a un equipo de futbol.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar el amor al equipo de futbol. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a aficionadas y aficionados de futbol en el norte de México. Los hallazgos revelan que el amor a la camiseta se asemeja al amor romántico en su exclusividad y duración, pero también comparte características del amor materno, por su incondicionalidad y del amor apasionado debido a la intensidad emocional que implica. La investigación demuestra que las aficionadas y los aficionados experimentan un vínculo profundo con sus equipos. Además, se destacan las formas de expresión del amor, como usar la camiseta del equipo, seguir noticias y ver los partidos. La incondicionalidad y la fidelidad son características fundamentales, así como el rechazo categórico de la idea de cambiar de equipo. En resumen, el amor a la camiseta es una amalgama de varios tipos de amor y constituye un vínculo sólido y duradero entre aficionados/as y sus equipos de futbol.
Automorphisms of Zappa-Szép product fixing a subgroup
Authors: Kakkar Vipul , Lal Ratan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have found the automorphism group of the Zappa-Szép product of two groups fixing a subgroup. We have computed these automorphisms for a subgroup of order p2 of a group G which is the Zappa-Szép product of two cyclic groups in which one is of order p2 and other is of order m.
Correlates of Self-Assessed Creativity
Authors: Furnham Adrian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine demographic, ideological, and personality trait correlates of self-assessed creativity. A large group (N = 1,299) of adults estimated their creativity score on a 100-point scale. This rating was related to participants’ demographics (sex, age, education), ideology (religious and political beliefs), self-confidence, and six personality traits. The regression indicated that those who thought of themselves as more creative were more optimistic, higher on trait Curious (Open), but lower on trait Adjustment (low Neuroticism) and trait Competitive (low Agreeableness), and had higher self-esteem. The status of self-assessed/estimated creativity is discussed alongside limitations and recommendations for future research.
On Fuzzy Negations and Laws of Contraposition. Lattice of Fuzzy Negations
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: December 2023

Summary
This the next article in the series formalizing the book of Baczyński and Jayaram “Fuzzy Implications”. We define the laws of contraposition connected with various fuzzy negations, and in order to make the cluster registration mechanism fully working, we construct some more non-classical examples of fuzzy implications. Finally, as the testbed of the reuse of lattice-theoretical approach, we introduce the lattice of fuzzy negations and show its basic properties.