bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin, fate, and function of the components of the avian germ disc region and early blastoderm: Role of ooplasmic determinants
Authors: Callebaut Marc 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the avian oocytal germ disc region, at the end of oogenesis, we discerned four ooplasms (α, β, γ, δ) presenting an onion‐peel distribution (from peripheral and superficial to central and deep. Their fate was followed during early embryonic development. The most superficial and peripheral α ooplasm plays a fundamental role during cleavage. The β ooplasm, originally localized in the peripheral region of the blastodisc, becomes mainly concentrated in the primitive streak. At the moment of bilateral symmetrization, a spatially oblique, sickle‐shaped uptake of γ and δ ooplasms occurs so that γ and δ ooplasms become incorporated into the deeper part of the avian blastoderm. These ooplasms seem to contain ooplasmic determinants that initiate either early neurulation or gastrulation events. The early neural plate‐inducing structure that forms a deep part of the blastoderm is the δ ooplasm‐containing endophyll (primary hypoblast). Together with the primordial germ cells, it is derived from the superficial centrocaudal part of the nucleus of Pander, which also contains δ ooplasm. The other structure (γ ooplasm) that is incorporated into the caudolateral deep part of the blastoderm forms Rauber's sickle. It induces gastrulation in the concavity of Rauber's sickle and blood island formation exterior to Rauber's sickle. Rauber's sickle develops by ingrowth of blastodermal cells into the γ ooplasm, which surrounds the nucleus of Pander. Rauber's sickle constitutes the primary major organizer of the avian blastoderm and generates only extraembryonic tissues (junctional and sickle endoblast). By imparting positional information, it organizes and dominates the whole blastoderm (controlling gastrulation, neurulation, and coelom and cardiovascular system formation). Fragments of the horns of Rauber's sickle extend far cranially into the lateral quadrants of the unincubated blastoderm, so that often Rauber's sickle material forms three quarters of a circle. This finding explains the regulative capacities of isolated blastoderm parts, with the exception of the anti‐sickle region and central blastoderm region, where no Rauber's sickle material is present. In avian blastoderms, there exists a competitive inhibition by Rauber's sickle on the primitive streak and neural plate‐inducing effects of sickle endoblast. Avian primordial germ cells contain δ ooplasm derived from the superficial part of the nucleus of Pander. Their original deep and central ooplasmic localization has been confirmed by the use of a chicken vasa homologue. We conclude that the unincubated blastoderm consists of three elementary tissues: upper layer mainly containing β ooplasm, endophyll containing δ ooplasm, and Rauber's sickle containing γ ooplasm). These elementary tissues form before the three classic germ layers have developed. Developmental Dynamics 233:1194–1216, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid 2D and 3D Frameworks Based on ϵ‐Keggin Polyoxometallates: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Dolbecq Anne , Mellot‐Draznieks Caroline , Mialane Pierre , Marrot Jérôme , Férey Gérard , Sécheresse Francis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ϵ‐Keggin polyoxomolybdate {ϵ‐PMoV8MoVI4O40–x(OH)xM4} is a versatile building unit, with M being either a ZnII or a LaIII capping ion located at the vertices of a slightly distorted tetrahedron. The charge of the Keggin unit depends on the number of protonated oxo bridging ligands, which has been shown to vary from 0 to 5. The Keggin entity can thus be either an anion (M = Zn, x = 0) or a cation (M = La, x = 3–5). The Zn derivative has been generated in situ by hydrothermal synthesis and forms a 2D material built from the connection of the cations by 4,4'‐bipyridine ligands linked to the capping ZnII ions. The reaction of the chloride salt of the La derivative with di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted benzenecarboxylate ligands has allowed us to isolate 2D and 3D materials. The 3D materials seem to be the first examples of hybrid open frameworks based on Keggin building blocks. The 3D framework built from the connection of ϵ‐Keggin units by trimesate ions exhibits tunnels filled only by water molecules, which can be partly removed and reintroduced at room temperature. Besides these experimental results, simulation has allowed us to generate two virtual hybrid structures derived from those of known silicates by replacing the Si ions by hypothetical ϵ‐Keggin cations and the O‐bridging ligands by terephthalate ions, thus showing that 3D frameworks with large pores can be envisioned in the chemistry of hybrid organic–inorganic materials based on ϵ‐Keggin units and motivating further experimental investigations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Extending the NHC Concept: C–C Coupling Catalysis by a PdII Carbene (rNHC) Complex with Remote Heteroatoms
Authors: Schneider Sabine K. , Roembke Patric , Julius Gerrit R. , Loschen Christoph , Raubenheimer Helgard G. , Frenking Gernot , Herrmann Wolfgang A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA palladium complex, trans‐Cl(PPh3)2Pd{Ca‐cyclo‐C6H4‐o‐N(Me)C=CbH}(Ca—Cb), that contains a carbene ligand with remote heteroatoms (rNHC) is much more active in certain C–C coupling reactions than comparably simple NHC‐ and phosphane‐containing precatalysts. The rNHC ligand binds strongly by electrostatic as well as orbital interaction to the metal. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction of Indirubin with DNA
Authors: Ye Bao‐Xian , Yuan Li‐Jie , Chen Chun , Tao Jing‐Chao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe interaction of indirubin with DNA was studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at the bare or DNA‐modified electrode and UV‐vis or IR spectra. As a result of intercalating of this drug into the double helical structure of DNA, the DPV of indirubin shows that peak potentials shift and peak currents decrease with the addition of DNA. UV‐vis spectra exhibits that the absorption intensity of indirubin at 538.7 nm−1 decreases, which indicates that the anticancer herbal drug indirubin binds DNA. In addition, IR‐spectra of DNA and DNA‐indirubin adduct imply indirubin interacts with the phosphate groups of DNA by hydrogen bond or electrostatic interaction. Under our experiment conditions, the decrease of peak current is proportional to DNA concentration, which can be applied to estimate DNA concentration. The results indicate that the herbal drug indirubin can interfere with the DNA by intercalating into the double helix of DNA and interacting with the phosphate groups of DNA.
Combination of forecasts using self‐organizing algorithms
Authors: He Changzheng , Xu Xiaozhan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBased on the theories and methods of self‐organizing data mining, a new forecasting method, called self‐organizing combining forecasting method, is proposed. Compared with optimal linear combining forecasting methods and neural networks combining forecasting methods, the new method can improve the forecasting capability of the model. The superiority of the new method is justified and demonstrated by real applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative evaluation of automated skull‐stripping methods applied to contemporary and legacy images: Effects of diagnosis, bias correction, and slice location
Authors: Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Ozyurt I. Burak , Clark Camellia P. , Morris Shaunna , Bischoff‐Grethe Amanda , Bondi Mark W. , Jernigan Terry L. , Fischl Bruce , Segonne Florent , Shattuck David W. , Leahy Richard M. , Rex David E. , Toga Arthur W. , Zou Kelly H. , Brown Gregory G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPerformance of automated methods to isolate brain from nonbrain tissues in magnetic resonance (MR) structural images may be influenced by MR signal inhomogeneities, type of MR image set, regional anatomy, and age and diagnosis of subjects studied. The present study compared the performance of four methods: Brain Extraction Tool (BET; Smith [2002]: Hum Brain Mapp 17:143–155); 3dIntracranial (Ward [1999] Milwaukee: Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin; in AFNI); a Hybrid Watershed algorithm (HWA, Segonne et al. [2004] Neuroimage 22:1060–1075; in FreeSurfer); and Brain Surface Extractor (BSE, Sandor and Leahy [1997] IEEE Trans Med Imag 16:41–54; Shattuck et al. [2001] Neuroimage 13:856–876) to manually stripped images. The methods were applied to uncorrected and bias‐corrected datasets; Legacy and Contemporary T1‐weighted image sets; and four diagnostic groups (depressed, Alzheimer's, young and elderly control). To provide a criterion for outcome assessment, two experts manually stripped six sagittal sections for each dataset in locations where brain and nonbrain tissue are difficult to distinguish. Methods were compared on Jaccard similarity coefficients, Hausdorff distances, and an Expectation‐Maximization algorithm. Methods tended to perform better on contemporary datasets; bias correction did not significantly improve method performance. Mesial sections were most difficult for all methods. Although AD image sets were most difficult to strip, HWA and BSE were more robust across diagnostic groups compared with 3dIntracranial and BET. With respect to specificity, BSE tended to perform best across all groups, whereas HWA was more sensitive than other methods. The results of this study may direct users towards a method appropriate to their T1‐weighted datasets and improve the efficiency of processing for large, multisite neuroimaging studies. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biallelic somatic inactivation of the NF1 gene through chromosomal translocations in a sporadic neurofibroma
Authors: Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana , Von Steyern Fredrik Vult , Domanski Henryk A. , Mandahl Nils , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNeurofibroma is a benign tumor originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths and may occur as a sporadic tumor or as part of the dominantly inherited tumor syndrome NF1. NF1 is caused by constitutional mutations in the NF1 gene, located in chromosome band 17q11. Whereas the involvement of the NF1 gene in neurofibroma development in NF1 patients has been fairly well characterized, the significance of inactivation of this gene in sporadic neurofibromas remains less well investigated. Inactivation of both copies of NF1 has been described in a few neurofibromas from NF1 patients, and LOH at the same locus has been reported in additional cases. In the present study, we report the cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings in a sporadic neurofibroma that at G‐banding analysis showed a translocation between one chromosome 2 and the long arms of both copies of chromosome 17. FISH analysis using a set of 3 BAC clones covering the entire coding region of NF1 revealed the complete loss of one allele and the deletion of the 5′ portion of the second allele as a result of 2 translocation events. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first demonstration of a somatic biallelic inactivation of the NF1 gene in neurofibroma, providing further evidence for the importance of NF1 inactivation also in sporadic neurofibromas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiinvasive effect of xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone present in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer
Authors: Vanhoecke Barbara , Derycke Lara , Van Marck Veerle , Depypere Herman , De Keukeleire Denis , Bracke Marc 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe female inflorescences of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) are essential during brewing to add taste and flavor to beer and to stabilize beer foam. Xanthohumol, the main prenylated chalcone in hops, was investigated for its antiinvasive activity on human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and T47‐D) in vitro. Xanthohumol was able to inhibit the invasion of MCF‐7/6 cells at 5 μM in the chick heart invasion assay and of T47‐D cells in the collagen invasion assay. Xanthohumol inhibited growth of MCF‐7/6 and T47‐D cells, but not of chick heart cells. Moreover, it induced apoptosis of these tumor cells as demonstrated by the cleavage of nuclear PARP after 48 hr treatment. To probe the mechanism of the antiinvasive effect of xanthohumol, involvement of the E‐cadherin/catenin invasion‐suppressor complex was investigated. An aggregation assay demonstrated stimulation of aggregation of MCF‐7/6 cells in the presence of 5 μM xanthohumol and this could be completely inhibited by an antibody against E‐cadherin. Xanthohumol upregulates the function of the E‐cadherin/catenin complex and inhibits invasion in vitro, indicating a possible role as an antiinvasive agent in vivo as well. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of RPIP9 (Rap2 interacting protein 9) is activated in breast carcinoma and correlates with a poor prognosis
Authors: Raguz Selina , De Bella Manuela Tamburo , Slade Martin J. , Higgins Christopher F. , Coombes R. Charles , Yagüe Ernesto 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMDR1 is upregulated in many tumors. We have previously detected activation of the MDR1 upstream promoter in metastatic breast cancer cells. MDR1 overlaps with an uncharacterized gene transcribed from the opposite strand, coding for Rap2 interacting protein 9 (RPIP9). Rap2 belongs to the Ras superfamily of GTPases, whose role in breast cancer remains unknown. We developed sensitive methods for detecting and quantifying RPIP9 mRNA and used it to identify these transcripts in normal human tissues, 60 biopsies of primary breast carcinoma, in isolated epithelial cells both from the primary tumor and from associated lymph nodes, and from bone marrow biopsies of 74 breast cancer patients. RPIP9 is expressed at high levels in normal testis, brain and adrenal gland, and at very low levels in normal breast. Tumorigenic breast carcinoma cell lines expressed RPIP9, whereas MCF‐10A and HBL‐100 that do not form tumors in nude mice had undetectable levels of RPIP9 mRNA. RPIP9 was activated in a high proportion of breast carcinomas (61.6%; n = 60) and a significant correlation with metastatic lymph node invasion (N = 0–3 vs. N > 3, where N = number of lymph nodes invaded; p = 0.031) was found. RPIP9 mRNA could be detected in malignant epithelial cells isolated from the primary tumor and from metastasized lymph nodes as well as in the bone marrow of significantly more poor‐prognosis (N > 3) than better‐prognosis (N = 0–3) patients (p = 0.001). Therefore, activation of RPIP9 occurs during the malignant breast epithelial transformation and increases with progression toward an invasive phenotype. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies to JC and BK viruses among persons with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Engels Eric A. , Rollison Dana E. , Hartge Patricia , Baris Dalsu , Cerhan James R. , Severson Richard K. , Cozen Wendy , Davis Scott , Biggar Robert J. , Goedert James J. , Viscidi Raphael P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo related polyomaviruses, JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV), commonly cause lifelong infections in humans, with periodic reactivation manifesting as viral shedding in urine. Because JCV can infect lymphocytes and cause chromosomal damage, it is a plausible candidate to cause non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To test this hypothesis, we measured IgG antibodies to JCV and BKV capsids using a virus‐like particle enzyme immunoassay in 3 separate groups of subjects. First, in a U.S. population‐based case‐control study of NHL (724 cases, 622 controls), we found lower JCV antibody levels in cases than controls (median optical density = 0.12 vs. 0.21, p < 0.0001); likewise, JCV seroprevalence was lower in cases (49% vs. 59%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56–0.87). In contrast, BKV antibody levels did not differ between groups. Second, we found that JCV and BKV antibody levels changed little over time among 24 NHL patients receiving chemotherapy. Third, we evaluated 126 homosexual men, of whom 46 were shedding JCV and 14 were shedding BKV in urine. Antibody levels were much higher in shedders than non‐shedders (JCV: median optical density = 0.67 vs. 0.07, p < 0.0001; BKV: 0.87 vs. 0.40, p = 0.003), indicating that these antibodies are a marker for viral replication. Because no deficit of BKV antibody was seen in NHL cases, and because antibody levels did not change materially with chemotherapy, we suggest that the lower levels of JCV antibody observed in NHL patients may not be due entirely to a disease or treatment effect. Additional research is needed to determine whether JCV replication is decreased in individuals with NHL and whether these findings are consistent with an etiologic role for JCV in NHL. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural variation in the inner ears of four deep‐sea elopomorph fishes
Authors: Buran Bradley N. , Deng Xiaohong , Popper Arthur N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDeep‐sea fishes have evolved in dark or dimly lit environments devoid of the visual cues available to shallow‐water species. Because of the limited opportunity for visual scene analysis by deep‐sea fishes, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the inner ears of at least some such species may have evolved structural adaptations to enhance hearing capabilities in lieu of vision. As an initial test of this hypothesis, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the structure of the inner ears of four deep‐sea elopomorph species inhabiting different depths: Synaphobranchus kaupii, Synaphobranchus bathybius, Polyacanthonotus challengeri, and Halosauropsis macrochir. The shape of the sensory epithelia and hair cell ciliary bundle orientation of the saccule, lagena, and utricle, the three otolithic organs associated with audition and vestibular function, are described. The saccules of all four species have a common, alternating ciliary bundle orientation pattern. In contrast, the lagena exhibits more interspecific diversity in shape and ciliary bundle orientation, suggesting that it has special adaptations in these species. The macula neglecta, a sensory epithelium of unknown function, is present in all four species. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of calcium lactate with chlorine as a washing treatment for fresh‐cut lettuce and carrots: quality and nutritional parameters
Authors: Martín‐Diana Ana Belén , Rico Daniel , Barry‐Ryan Catherine , Frías Jesús M , Mulcahy Jemina , Henehan Gary TM 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe efficacies of calcium lactate and chlorine washing treatments of fresh‐cut lettuce and carrots were compared during storage at 4 °C over 10 days. The gas composition of packages, colour, enzyme activity, texture, sensory attributes, microflora and levels of ascorbic acid and carotenoids were evaluated at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. Calcium lactate treatment was not significantly different to chlorine treatment (p < 0.05) in terms of maintaining colour, texture and acceptability of fresh‐cut lettuce and carrots during the entire storage period. The washing treatments did not affect levels of ascorbic acid of fresh‐cut lettuce or carrots. Carotenoid levels were higher in calcium lactate‐treated carrots than chlorine‐treated samples at the end of storage. Mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria counts were not significantly different between treatments for both vegetables. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Aspergillus flavus population isolated from soil of Argentina's peanut‐growing region. Sclerotia production and toxigenic profile
Authors: Barros Germán , Torres Adriana , Chulze Sofía 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Aspergillus flavus population was evaluated in the period 1998–2001 in soil samples from the peanut‐growing region in Argentina. A total of 369 A flavus isolates were examined for sclerotia, aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production. The L phenotype was isolated in a higher percentage than the S phenotype and represented 59% of the total isolates. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between L, S and non‐sclerotial strains with regard to aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production (p < 0.05). The S strains produced higher mycotoxin levels than the L and non‐sclerotial strains. About 10% of the S strains had an unusual pattern of mycotoxin production because they simultaneously produce aflatoxins B and G and CPA. The SBG strains isolated in the present study have all morphological and microscopic characteristics of A flavus. These strains are of concern in food safety, as there is a higher probability of aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Kufor Rakeb Disease: Autosomal recessive, levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism with pyramidal degeneration, supranuclear gaze palsy, and dementia
Authors: Williams David R. , Hadeed Ali , al‐Din Amir S. Najim , Wreikat Abdel‐Latif , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractKufor Rakeb disease is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by subacute, juvenile‐onset, levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, dementia, and a supranuclear gaze palsy. It was originally described more than a decade ago, and linkage analysis identified a locus on chromosome 1p36 that was previously assigned PARK9. We have further characterized the clinical picture and specifically re‐assessed the response to levodopa in the original family, in the northern highlands of Jordan. In the 4 surviving patients, there has been a narrowing of the therapeutic window for levodopa with the emergence of peak‐dose dyskinesias with increased spasticity and cognitive decline. Several new features were identified, including facial‐faucial‐finger mini‐myoclonus, visual hallucinations, and oculogyric dystonic spasms. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
A pilot tolerability and efficacy trial of sodium oxybate in ethanol‐responsive movement disorders
Authors: Frucht Steven J. , Bordelon Yvette , Houghton William H. , Reardan Dayton 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSodium oxybate is currently approved in the United States exclusively for the treatment of cataplexy in narcoleptic patients. In a prior article published in this journal, we reported a patient with severe posthypoxic myoclonus whose myoclonus improved with ethanol and also with treatment with sodium oxybate. We extend this preliminary observation to five other patients with ethanol‐responsive movement disorders in an open‐label, dose‐titration, add‐on, 8‐week trial. All five patients (one with severe alcohol‐responsive posthypoxic myoclonus, two with ϵ‐sarcoglycan–linked myoclonus–dystonia, and two with essential tremor) experienced improvement from baseline of 50% or greater as measured by blinded videotape review. Tolerability was satisfactory, with dose‐dependent sedation as the most common side effect. Further studies of this drug in hyperkinetic movement disorders are warranted. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society