bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and cellular morphology of R1 Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line irradiated in vitro by gamma‐rays with different dose rates
Authors: Przybyszewski Waldemar M. , Widel Maria , Palyvoda Olena 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe study examines the relationship between lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and cell morphology after the exposure of R1 Rhabdomyosarcoma cells to two different dose‐rates of gamma rays. Exponential cultures of R1 cells were irradiated with single dose of 5 Gy at high dose rate (0.833 Gy/min) and low dose rate (0.0707 Gy/min). The concentration of two aldehydes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), were determined. DNA damage induction and repair were measured by using the alkaline version of the comet assay. Cellular alteration was also estimated microscopically as was the frequency of cells with micronuclei and proportion of apoptosis and necrosis. These parameters were evaluated immediately (time 0) and after different times up to 48 h of incubation in 37°C, after irradiation. Results indicate that a low dose rate in comparison to high dose rate caused a significantly higher increase of aldehydes concentration observed at 12 h, followed by obviously higher DNA damage at 48 h and altered cellular morphology. The inverse dose‐rate effect estimated for the gamma rays Co‐60 source was found to be related to the measured biochemical and morphological parameters. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22:93–102, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary risk assessment of the wet landscape option for reclamation of oil sands mine tailings: Bioassays with mature fine tailings pore water
Authors: Madill Robert E. A. , Orzechowski Monika T. , Chen Guosheng , Brownlee Brian G. , Bunce Nigel J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChemical and biological assays have been carried out on the “pore water” that results from the settling of the tailings that accompany bitumen recovery from the Athabasca oil sands. Examination of the nonacidic extracts of pore water by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy allowed the identification of numerous two‐ to three‐ring polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), to a total concentration of 2.6 μg/L of pore water. The PACs were biodegraded by microflora naturally present in the pore water. Acute toxicity was associated principally with the acidic fraction (naphthenic acids) of pore water extracts according to the Microtox assay; other work has shown that acute toxicity dissipates fairly rapidly. Both individual PACs and concentrated pore water extracts showed minimal levels of binding to the rat Ah receptor and induced minimal ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase activity in primary rat hepatocytes, showing an insignificant risk of inducing monooxygenase activity. Taken together with previous work showing negligible mutagenic activity of these extracts, we conclude that it should be possible to develop tailing slurries into biologically productive artificial lakes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 197–208, 2001
Angular dependence of L3 x‐ray emission following L3 sub‐shell photoionization in Pb
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Garg M. L. , Puri Sanjiv , Mehta D. , Singh Nirmal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Ll, Lα and Lβ2,5,6,7,15 x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) differential cross‐sections in Pb were measured at the 13.6 keV incident photon energy (EL3 < Einc < EL2, ELi being the Li sub‐shell binding energy) and in the angular range 90–160°. At this incident photon energy, the L3 sub‐shell vacancies (J = 3/2) are produced only due to the direct ionization and the reduction in the observed anisotropy in the emission of the Ll, Lα and Lβ2,5,6,7,15 x‐rays due to the transfer of unaligned L1 and L2 sub‐shell vacancies (J = 1/2) to the L3 sub‐shell through Coster–Kronig transitions is eliminated. The measurements were performed using Rb secondary exciter in conjunction with the 241Am primary exciter as photon source and a Si(Li) detector. The differential cross‐sections for various x‐rays were found to be angle‐independent within experimental error. Integral cross‐sections for the Ll, Lα and Lβ2,5,6,7,15 x‐rays were also deduced and were found to be in agreement with those evaluated using the most reliable theoretical values of L3 sub‐shell photoionization cross‐section, fluorescence yield and x‐ray emission rates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmids with the Cre‐recombinase and the dominant nat marker, suitable for use in prototrophic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Steensma H. Y. , Linde J. J. M. Ter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo plasmids are described which can be used to remove the ‘loxP‐markerMX‐loxP’ cassettes in strains lacking the ura3 mutation. Both contain the Cre‐recombinase under control of the GAL1 promoter and the natMX cassette with the dominant marker nat, which gives yeasts resistance to the antibiotic ClonNat. pNatCre contains ARSH and CEN6 for maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. pKlNatCre has a Kluyveromyces lactis replication origin and centromere in addition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative regulation of transcription by the yeast global transcription factors, Gal11 and Sin4
Authors: Nishizawa Masafumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGal11 and Sin4 proteins are yeast global transcription factors that regulate transcription of a variety of genes, both positively and negatively. Gal11, in a major part, functions in the activation of transcription, whereas Sin4 has an opposite role, yet they are reported to be present as a complex in the so‐called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. To reveal howthese auxiliary factors participate in switching transcription on and off, a complex formation between Gal11 and Sin4 and its effect on the negative regulation of transcription were studied. Using an artificial promoter that is negatively regulated by Gal11, it was shown that the presence of Sin4 or Pgd1/Hrs1/Med3 was required for Gal11 to repress both basal and activated transcription. Genetic and biochemical studies using a temperature‐sensitive Gal11 mutant showed that the amino acid region 866–910 essential for Gal11 function was also important for repression of transcription and a complex formation with Sin4. Analysis with dam methylase accessibility to the promoter region suggested that nucleosome structure may be involved in negative regulation. Based on these results, possible mechanisms by which a mediator subcomplex regulates transcription is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Manifestations of Carcinoid Disease
Authors: Bax N.D.S. , Woods H.F. , Batchelor A. , Jennings M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCarcinoid tumors are relatively uncommon tumors and their presentation is varied. For these reasons, a high index of suspicion is necessary in order to consider the diagnosis. It is important to separate the “syndrome” from the primary tumor. It is obviously more effective to diagnose the tumor itself before the syndrome manifests itself, usually as a result of metastatic disease. Since the tumors are characteristically slow‐growing, the physician may be misled into thinking the patient has functional problems rather than a tumor. Some data and guidelines are given for focusing on the signs and symptoms of carcinoid disease.
Surgical Significance of Supernumerary Parathyroid Glands in Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Numano Masahiro , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Uchida Kazuharu , Orihara Akira , Tanaka Yuji , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) fundamentally all parathyroid glands, including supernumerary glands, become hyperplastic, and stimulation of parathyroid glands continues after parathyroidectomy (PTx). Therefore supernumerary glands have special significance during surgery for 2HPT, whether persistent or recurrent HPT. In the present study 570 patients underwent initial total PTx with a forearm autograft. The frequency, type, location, histopathology, and clinical significance of the supernumerary glands were evaluated. At the initial operation 90 supernumerary glands were removed from 82 of 570 patients (14.4%); 12 patients (2.1%) required extirpation of supernumerary glands for persistent/recurrent HPT. Altogether 104 supernumerary glands were identified at operation in 94 of the 570 patients (16.5%). Among these 104 glands, 25 (24.0%) were of the rudimentary, or split, type and 79 (76.0%) of the proper type. Supernumerary glands were most frequently identified in the thymic tongue (53/104, 51.0%); 32 (60.4%) of these 53 glands were identified only microscopically. In 6 of the 570 cases (1.1%), reoperation was required for persistent HPT due to supernumerary glands located in the mediastinum, and 6 patients underwent neck reexploration for recurrence. Histopathologically, 61 of 104 (58.7%) supernumerary glands, including 36 glands recognized only microscopically, showed diffuse hyperplasia, and 43 (41.3%) displayed nodular hyperplasia. Residual small supernumerary glands with diffuse hyperplasia have the potential to be transformed to nodular hyperplasia during long‐term hemodialysis. Therefore all parathyroid glands including supernumerary glands should, if possible, be removed at the initial operation. Routine removal of the thymic tongue and careful examination of the regions surrounding the lower poles of the thyroid, especially on the left side, are important steps in the surgical treatment.
Amebic Liver Abscess: Changing Trends over 20 Years RID="" ID="" This study was presented to the Turkish Surgical Congress in Izmir, Turkey.
Authors: Akgun Yılmaz , Tacyildiz Ibrahim H. , Çelik Yusuf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmebiasis and amebic liver abscess (ALA)
continue to be a major fatal disease in developing countries where unhygienic environmental conditions prevail. Between January 1975 and December 1984 there were 60 patients and from January 1985 to December
1994 there were 44 patients with ALA who were diagnosed and treated. In the first group, all patients were operated on, and drainage was performed. The morbidity and mortality rates were 53.3% and 23.3%, respectively. Metronidazole was given to all patients in the second group, and in those who did not respond to the metronidazole percutaneous needle aspiration was applied. Surgical treatment was performed in seven patients because four did not respond to metronidazole therapy and percutaneous needle aspiration, and in three the abscess ruptured into the peritoneal cavity. The lesion disappeared ultrasonographically after 4 months in all patients. The morbidity and mortality rates were 4.5% and 2.2%, respectively. The result of this study suggests that uncomplicated ALA can be managed conservatively with metronidazole and needle aspiration of the abscess. Operative therapy should be performed for complications of the abscess and when conservative therapy fails.
In Vitro Biomechanical Properties of 2 Compression Fixation Methods for Midbody Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fractures in Horses
Authors: Woodie J. Brett , Ruggles Alan J. , Litsky Alan S. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate 2 methods of midbody proximal sesamoid bone repair—fixation by a screw placed in lag fashion and circumferential wire fixation—by comparing yield load and the adjacent soft‐tissue strain during monotonic loading.Study Design—Experimental study.Sample Population10 paired equine cadaver forelimbs from race‐trained horses.Methods—A transverse midbody osteotomy of the medial proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) was created. The osteotomy was repaired with a 4.5‐mm cortex bone screw placed in lag fashion or a 1.25‐mm circumferential wire. The limbs were instrumented with differential variable reluctance transducers placed in the suspensory apparatus and distal sesamoidean ligaments. The limbs were tested in axial compression in a single cycle until failure.Results—The cortex bone screw repairs had a mean yield load of 2,908.2 N; 1 limb did not fail when tested to 5,000 N. All circumferential wire repairs failed with a mean yield load of 3,406.3 N. There was no statistical difference in mean yield load between the 2 repair methods. The maximum strain generated in the soft tissues attached to the proximal sesamoid bones was not significantly different between repair groups.Conclusions—All repaired limbs were able to withstand loads equal to those reportedly applied to the suspensory apparatus in vivo during walking.Clinical Relevance—Each repair technique should have adequate yield strength for repair of midbody fractures of the PSB immediately after surgery.
Pullout Properties of 3.5‐mm AO/ASIF Self‐Tapping and Cortex Screws in a Uniform Synthetic Material and in Canine Bone
Authors: Murphy Todd P. , Hill C. M. , Kapatkin Amy S. , Radin Alex , Shofer Frances S. , Smith Gail K. 
Published: August 2002

Objectives— To compare the pullout properties of 3.5‐mm AO/ASIF self‐tapping screws (STS) to corresponding standard cortex screws (CS) in a uniform synthetic test material and in canine femoral bone. The influence of screw‐insertion technique, test material, and test‐material thickness were also assessed.Study Design— In vitro experimental study.Sample Population— Two independent studies: a uniform synthetic test material and paired femurs from mature dogs.Methods— Mechanical testing was performed in accordance with standards established by the American Society for Testing and Materials for determination of axial pullout strength of medical bone screws. Completely inserted STS, completely inserted CS, and incompletely inserted STS were tested in 3 groups of 10 test specimens each in 4.96‐mm and 6.8‐mm thick sheets of synthetic material. In the bone study, group 1 consisted of 24 completely inserted STS compared with 24 completely inserted CS, and group 2 consisted of 24 incompletely inserted STS versus 24 completely inserted CS. Comparisons were made between paired femurs at corresponding insertion sites. Pullout data were normalized, thereby eliminating the effect of test‐material thickness on pullout properties. Mean values were compared using 2‐way ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.Results— In both the 4.96‐mm and 6.8‐mm synthetic material, pullout testing of the completely inserted STS demonstrated significantly greater yield strength and ultimate strength than completely inserted CS. There was no significant difference between incompletely inserted STS and completely inserted STS. The 6.8‐mm test material significantly increased yield strength and ultimate strength for all test groups compared with the 4.96‐mm test material. In canine bone, there was no significant difference in yield strength of completely inserted STS and completely inserted CS. Yield strength of completely inserted STS and completely inserted CS were significantly greater than incompletely inserted STS.Conclusions— Pullout properties of completely inserted STS were significantly greater than corresponding CS in a uniform test material. In canine bone, the pullout strength of STS and CS were not different. Incomplete STS insertion resulted in an 18% reduction in holding power as compared with completely inserted CS and STS in canine bone.Clinical Relevance— The length of STS used in canine bone should be such that the cutting flutes extend beyond the trans cortex to maximize pullout strength.
Effects of Epidural Anesthesia on Microcirculatory Blood Flow in Free Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous Flaps in Dogs
Authors: Lanz Otto I. , Broadstone Richard V. , Martin Robert A. , Degner Daniel A. 
Published: August 2002

Objective— To assess the effects of epidural anesthesia using lidocaine on microcirculatory blood flow, volume, and velocity in free fasciocutaneous flaps in dogs.Study Design— In vivo experimental investigation.Animal Population— Ten adult dogs weighing 20 to 25 kg.Methods— A medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free flap was removed and an orthotopic transfer was performed by anastomosing the primary flap vessels back to the medial saphenous vessels. Blood flow (mLLD/min/100 g), volume (%volume or tissue hematocrit) and velocity (mm/s) in the flap were recorded throughout the procedure. After epidural anesthesia, blood flow, volume, and velocity values were again recorded.Results— Microcirculatory blood flow, volume, and velocity, as measured by a laser‐Doppler flowmeter, failed to reveal any significant changes over time. Immediately after epidural anesthesia, mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced and remained depressed throughout the experimental procedure.Conclusions— Epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia does not improve microcirculatory flow in free flaps in the pelvic limbs of dogs. No significant change in blood flow to the medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free flap occurred after division and anastomosis of the vascular pedicle.Clinical Relevance— We recommend that epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine be used with caution in dogs undergoing microvascular free‐flap transfer.
Dissociation, memory and suggestibility in adults and children
Authors: Eisen Mitchell L. , Lynn Steven J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present article reviews research and theory related to dissociation, memory, and suggestibility in adults and children. We examine various manifestations of dissociation (e.g. trait versus state accounts of dissociation, pathological versus non‐pathological dissociation), the different ways that memory and suggestibility are defined and measured across studies, and the extent to which dissociation is related to suggestibility as a function of the definition and measurement of relevant constructs. Finally, we examine the relationship between dissociation and children's resistance to misinformation, provide a critical review of the strengths and limitations of the extant literature, and suggest directions for future research and theoretical developments in the field. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central venous catheter complications in sickle cell disease
Authors: Jeng Michael R. , Feusner James , Skibola Christine , Vichinsky Elliott 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA review of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and central venous catheters (CVCs) was performed to evaluate the frequency of catheter complications (infections, thrombotic events, and premature CVC removal. Fifteen evaluable patients were identified during our review of a 7.5‐year period. The median age was 18 years (range, 1.5–30 years); 14 were African American, and 1 was Latino; 5 were male, and 10 were female. Forty‐one CVCs were placed (36 Mediport and 5 Broviac catheters) for a total of 12,120 CVC days. We observed a median of 2 CVCs per patient (range, 1–8 CVCs per patient) with 67 discrete episodes of CVC‐associated infection (range, 0–18 per patient) involving 10 patients. The rate of CVC‐associated infection for patients with SCD at our institution was 5.5 infections per 1,000 CVC days; this rate was significantly higher than the rate of CVC‐associated infection in our patients with cancer (P < 0.001). We also determined that the rate of CVC‐associated thrombosis was 0.99 events per 1,000 CVC days and involved 33% of the patients with SCD; the rate of premature CVC removal was 3.15 per 1,000 CVC days, and 78% of CVCs were removed prematurely. We conclude that patients with SCD are at high risk for CVC‐related complications, and improved care and close monitoring of CVCs should be encouraged to decrease morbidity in these chronically ill patients. Am. J. Hematol. 69:103–108, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical severe hepatic venoocclusive disease during induction treatment of acute monoblastic leukemia managed with defibrotide
Authors: Bairey Osnat , Kirgner Ilia , Yakobi Moshe , Hamdan Ashraf , Ben‐Ari Ziv , Shaklai Mati 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD) is the most common complication of cytoreductive therapy used for stem cell transplantation, but it is rarely encountered during induction treatment of acute leukemia. We describe a patient in whom severe clinical VOD developed shortly after induction treatment for acute monoblastic leukemia. Administration of intravenous defibrotide for 19 days induced complete resolution of the VOD. Further consolidation treatment was resumed including high‐dose cytosine arabinoside without further complications. Am. J. Hematol. 69:281–284, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of high titer inhibitors in mild hemophilia A with avoidance of factor VIII and immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Robbins Daniel , Kulkarni Roshni , Gera Renuka , Scott‐Emuakpor Ajovi B. , Bosma Kathy , Penner John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe two patients with mild hemophilia A (MHA) who developed high titer inhibitor (HTI) following intensive recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) concentrate replacement for surgery and trauma. Intranasal desmopressin was instituted shortly following immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) in one case, and following APCC alone in the second case. Avoidance of factor VIII (FVIII) coupled with intranasal desmopressin prophylaxis three times a week resulted in undetectable inhibitor levels. Both patients have had no further bleeding episodes and have been maintained on desmopressin prophylaxis prior to activity for the past 2 to 3 years. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) was used successfully prior to a second surgery in one patient without complication. Am. J. Hematol. 68:184–188, 2001.© 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time dependent memory decay
Authors: Jenkins Paul , Earle‐Richardson Giulia , Slingerland David Tucker , May John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate the rate of time dependent memory decay, injury rates from three independent studies were compared.MethodsThe studies asked subjects to recall injuries during the previous 2 months, 12 months, or 10 years.ResultsThe annual injury rates obtained were 108/1,000, 66/1,000, and 19/1,000, respectively. These rates are all significantly different from one another at the 0.05 level.ConclusionsImportant methodological and demographic differences between the studies, such as those involving age, injury severity, and seasonality, were ruled out as causes of these differences. Results found in the literature for other studies are compared and contrasted. These data suggest that recall periods of greater than 2 months are likely to significantly underestimate injury rates. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:98–101, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.