bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigación de los efectos del consumo moderado de vino en la enfermedad de Alzheimer en modelos de ratones con patología Aß y Tau
Authors: Montero Marta , Pérez-Matute P. , Yuste S. , Íñiguez M. , Recio-Fernández E. , Motilva M-J. , Leon-Espinosa G. , Herreras O. , Bartolomé B. , Moreno-Arribas M. V. 
Published: December 2023

Resumen
La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la forma más común de demencia y tiene una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad. La EA se caracteriza principalmente por la presencia de dos estructuras aberrantes en el cerebro de los pacientes, placas seniles formadas por péptido-β-amiloide (Aβ) y ovillos neurofibrilares cuyo principal componente es la proteína tau fosforilada. Aunque actualmente no se conoce bien la etiopatogenia, cada vez son más los estudios que demuestran un efecto causal del microbioma intestinal sobre la EA y las funciones cognitivas, a través del "eje microbiota intestino-cerebro". Las evidencias científicas sugieren un posible efecto protector de los polifenoles del vino frente a los trastornos neurodegenerativos aunque se desconocen los mecanismos y, hasta el momento, los estudios para evaluar de forma exhaustiva el efecto del vino sobre la etiopatogenia de la EA son muy escasos. El objetivo principal de la línea de investigación que enmarca este trabajo es entender cómo la dieta, y especialmente los polifenoles presentes en los alimentos vegetales, y otros factores del estilo de vida interactúan con el microbioma oral e intestinal, en relación con la salud digestiva y el deterioro cognitivo. Para ello, se está llevando a cabo una aproximación experimental que tiene como finalidad evaluar el posible efecto protector de los polifenoles del vino, mediante la suplementación de la dieta en dos modelos murinos de la EA (patología Aß y Tau), y, por otro lado, se está profundizando en el estudio de los mecanismos de protección mediante la evaluación de los efectos del ácido protocatéquico sobre la actividad eléctrica del cerebro.
Clinical Significance of T2-Weighted Sequence Intensity on Magnetic
Resonance Imaging in Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary
Adenomas
Authors: Iglesias Pedro , Biagetti Betina , Araujo-Castro Marta , Alcázar Victoria , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Rivero Noelia , Casteràs Anna , Gómez Carlos García , Izquierdo Belén García , Torres Víctor Viedma , Pascual-Corrales Eider , Pavón Isabel , Villabona Carles , Cordido Fernando , Díez Juan J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Little is known about the relationship between signal intensity
patterns on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in non-functioning
pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).
Objective In this study, the clinical, hormonal, histological features,
and therapeutic responses were evaluated according to the T2 signal intensity in
NFPAs.
Methods This retrospective and multicenter study included a group of 166
NFPA patients (93 men, 56%, mean age 58.5 ±14.8 yr).
Results: Approximately half of the tumors (n=84, 50.6%)
were hyperintense, while 34.3% (n=57) and 15.1%
(n=25) were iso- and hypointense, respectively. The median maximum tumor
diameter of the isointense group [16 (13–25) mm] was significantly lower
than that of the hyperintense [23 (16.6–29.7) mm] group
(p=0.003). Similarly, the tumor volume of the isointense group [1,523
(618–5,226) mm3] was significantly lower than that of the
hyperintense [4,012 (2,506–8,320) mm3] group
(p=0.002). Chiasmatic compression occurred less frequently in tumors
with isointense signal characteristics (38.6%) compared to tumors with
hypointense (68%) and hyperintense (65.5%) signal
characteristics (p=0.003). Invasive adenomas (p=0.001) and the
degree of cavernous sinus invasion (p<0.001) were more frequent in the
hyperintense adenoma group compared to the remaining groups. Plurihormonal
tumors and silent lactotroph adenomas were more frequent in the isointense tumor
group.
Conclusion In conclusion, hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI in NFPAs is
associated with larger and more invasive tumors compared to isointense
NFPAs.
Cloud subtitling in research-led education
Authors: Bolaños García-Escribano Alejandro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Empirical research has boomed in the last few years in translation studies (TS) scholarship in general and audiovisual translation (AVT) in particular (Orero et al. 2018; Díaz-Cintas and Szarkowska 2020). As a discipline heavily driven by new technologies, AVT poses additional problems for translator trainers as training institutions sometimes fail to keep abreast of the latest technological developments in the industry. The learning and teaching of said practices ought to bear empirical scrutiny and shed light on how new technologies can inform classroom practices and vice versa. This paper explores practice-based research on the use of cloud technologies in the subtitling classroom and encourages the establishment of closer links between training institutions and industry partners, as well as the use of user-generated feedback to improve existing AVT software.
Speech perception in noise by children with Mondini dysplasia who had undergone cochlear implantation
Authors: Saeedi Masoumeh , Alvandimanesh Mona , Hasanalifard Mahdieh , Ajalloueyan Mohammad , Bagheri Hagh Ali , Taheri Abolfazl 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
Assessment of verbal and auditory capabilities in children with ‘incomplete partition type 2’, after cochlear implant may help to better determination of the appropriateness of this method in these children.

Methods:
In this comparative study, 21 cases with cochlear implant that had ‘incomplete partition type 2’ were enrolled and compared with 35 cochlear implanted cases with no inner ear malformations as control subjects. Then the speech and hearing ability tests including speech intelligibility rating (SIR), Categories of Auditory Perception scale (CAP), consonant-vowel (CV) in noise, word-in-noise (WIN), and quick speech-in-noise (QSIN) were measured in both groups of case and control were determined and compared across the groups.

Results:
The results of tests including SIR, CAP, CV in noise, and word in noise were same across the groups (p > 0.05). The only differed item was speech in noise (p = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Cochlear implant results in same efficacy in verbal capabilities in children with and without inner ear abnormalities. Hence, use of this method is accompanied with successful results even in children with inner ear abnormalities.
Applications of machine learning in time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging: a review
Authors: Gouzou Dorian , Taimori Ali , Haloubi Tarek , Finlayson Neil , Wang Qiang , Hopgood James R , Vallejo Marta 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many medical imaging modalities have benefited from recent advances in Machine Learning (ML), specifically in deep learning, such as neural networks. Computers can be trained to investigate and enhance medical imaging methods without using valuable human resources. In recent years, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIm) has received increasing attention from the ML community. FLIm goes beyond conventional spectral imaging, providing additional lifetime information, and could lead to optical histopathology supporting real-time diagnostics. However, most current studies do not use the full potential of machine/deep learning models. As a developing image modality, FLIm data are not easily obtainable, which, coupled with an absence of standardisation, is pushing back the research to develop models which could advance automated diagnosis and help promote FLIm. In this paper, we describe recent developments that improve FLIm image quality, specifically time-domain systems, and we summarise sensing, signal-to-noise analysis and the advances in registration and low-level tracking. We review the two main applications of ML for FLIm: lifetime estimation and image analysis through classification and segmentation. We suggest a course of action to improve the quality of ML studies applied to FLIm. Our final goal is to promote FLIm and attract more ML practitioners to explore the potential of lifetime imaging.
Thyroid Eye Disease and Its Association With Diabetes Mellitus: A Major Review
Authors: Gupta Roshmi , Kalra Pramila , Ramamurthy Lakshmi B. , Rath Suryasnata 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Thyroid eye disease (TED) associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) presents unique challenges. DM is a risk factor for TED. Standard management of TED with glucocorticoids (GC), orbital radiation, or teprotumumab can cause adverse events in poor glycemic control. The authors reviewed the literature on the relationship between TED and DM and the management of co-existing diseases.

Methods:
The authors searched PubMed with keywords “thyroid eye disease,” “diabetes mellitus,” and similar terms from 2013 to 2022. The authors included relevant studies after screening the abstracts. Additional references to the selected studies were included where applicable. Data were extracted from the final articles according to the preplanned outline of the review.

Results:
The initial search yielded 279 abstracts. The final review included 93 articles. TED and DM interact at multiple levels—genetic, immunologic, cellular, nutritional, and metabolic. Both DM and thyroid dysfunction exacerbate the morbidity caused by the other. Metabolic factors also affect the inflammatory pathway for TED. Patients with DM develop TED with greater frequency and severity, necessitating interventions for vision salvage. Agents (GC, teprotumumab, or radiation) used for TED are often unsuitable for treatment with DM, especially if there is poor glycemic control or diabetic retinopathy. There were no studies on using steroid-sparing agents in TED with DM.

Conclusion:
TED and DM co-exist because of multiple intersections in the pathophysiology. Challenges in the treatment include increased TED severity and risk of hyperglycemia and retinopathy. Multidisciplinary teams best undertake treatment of TED with DM.
Fibrocyte Participation in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Suggests New Approaches to Therapy
Authors: Smith Terry J. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Review the historical context of research and changing therapeutic landscape of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) by focusing on the relationship between TAO, CD34+ fibrocytes, thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR).

Methods:
A literature review using search terms, including fibrocytes, IGF-IR, TSHR, TAO, and thyroid eye disease.

Results:
The mechanisms involved in TAO have been partially identified. Substantial progress has been made over several decades, including 1) recognizing the interplay between the professional immune system and orbital tissues; 2) TSHR and IGF-IR act interdependently in mediating the pathogenesis of TAO; 3) Multiple cytokines and specific immune cells are involved in activating and remodeling orbital tissue; 4) Recognition of these mechanisms is allowing the development of target therapies such as teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody IGF-IR inhibitor approved by the US Food and drug administration for treatment of TAO; and 5) It appears that teprotumumab acts on the systemic immune system peripheral to the orbit.

Conclusion:
Additional molecules targeting IGF-IR and other plausible disease mechanisms are currently under development. This activity in the TAO therapeutic space portends even greater improvements in patient care.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vaishnav Yash J. , Mawn Louise A. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
MRI may potentially detect active thyroid eye disease prior to elevation of clinical activity score. We aimed to systematically review the existing literature pertaining to MRI thyroid eye disease and to assess the role of MRI in the diagnosis of thyroid eye disease.

Methods:
A Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome/Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses selection criteria was applied to identify studies for inclusion published between the years 2000 and 2023.

Results:
Twenty-four articles were identified for inclusion in the systematic review. All included studies utilized MRI as the imaging modality. MRI sequences used included T2-weighted imaging in 87.5%, T1-weighted imaging in 54.2%, diffusion-weighted imaging in 20.8%, and short tau inversion recovery in 16.7%. The most common parameters quantified were signal intensity ratio in 10 studies (41.7%) and T2-relaxation time in 8 studies (33.3%). Signal intensity ratio and T2-relaxation time were shown to correlate with clinical activity score and identify the phase of the disease.

Conclusions:
MRI has untapped potential for further elucidating the highly complex biological processes in thyroid eye disease. As we move away from clinical activity score as a predictor of response to biologic therapy, MRI may prove more important than ever in the risk-benefit analysis around the use of immunomodulators.
Improving Asthma Action Plan Completion Rates across Five Divisions in an Academic Children’s Hospital
Authors: Alfieri Maria G. , Catalano Katie , Simoneau Tregony , Haynes Linda , Glidden Patricia , Baxi Sachin N. , Yim Ramy , Ethier Benjamin , Holder-Niles Faye F. , McCarty Kendall , Polanco Walters Frinny , Sprecher Eli , Starmer Amy , Gaffin Jonathan M. , Durney Jeffrey , Klements Elizabeth , Esty Brittany 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Asthma Action Plans (AAPs) enable asthma self-management tailored to each patient and should be updated annually. At our institution, providers face challenges in creating reliable processes to consistently complete AAPs for patients with asthma. This project’s aim was to increase the percentage of patients across five hospital divisions who have an up-to-date AAP from 80% in May 2021 to 85% by October 1, 2021.

Methods:
We launched a quality improvement (QI) project using the Model for Improvement, focusing on improving AAP completion rates across five hospital divisions providing ambulatory care for asthma patients. The divisions (Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and two Primary Care sites) participated in the QI process using tools to understand the problem context. They implemented a cross-divisional AAP completion competition from June to October 2021. Each month during Action Periods, divisions trialed their interventions using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. We held monthly Learning Sessions for divisions to collaborate on successful intervention strategies.

Results:
Statistical process control chart analysis demonstrated that the overall AAP completion rate increased from a baseline of 80% to 87% with the initiation of the competition. All divisions showed improvement in AAP completion rates during the active intervention period, but sustainment varied.

Conclusions:
The cross-divisional competition motivated five divisions to improve processes to increase AAP completion rates. This approach effectively fostered engagement and idea sharing to boost performance, and may be considered for other QI projects.
Increasing COVID-19 Immunization Rates through a Vaccination Program for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Mattick Victoria , Nevin Katelyn Cappotelli , Fallon Anne , Darrow Stephanie Northwood , Ramazani Suzanne , Dick Travis , Sosa Tina 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Inpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination initiatives offer a novel strategy to eliminate barriers to care, provide access to interprofessional teams, and decrease COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Our inpatient vaccination initiative aimed to triple the baseline rate of eligible hospitalized children vaccinated against COVID-19 from 0.95% to 2.85% from December 2021 to June 2022.

Methods:
We implemented a COVID-19 vaccination program for pediatric inpatients eligible to receive a dose based on age, current guidelines, and prior doses received. Key drivers included immunization counseling training, identification of eligible patients, and a streamlined workflow. The outcome measure was the percentage of eligible patients who received a vaccine dose during hospitalization. The process measures included the percentage of age-eligible patients who were appropriately screened for prior doses on admission. We designed a clinical decision support system to enhance eligibility identification. The team performed a health equity analysis which stratified patients by social vulnerability index.

Results:
During the study period, the average percentage of eligible hospitalized patients vaccinated increased from 0.9% to 3.5%, representing special cause variation and a centerline shift. The average percentage of age-eligible patients screened for prior vaccine doses on admission increased from 66.5% to 81.5%. Patients were more likely to be vaccinated if their clinician was exposed to the clinical decision support system (P < 0.01). The social vulnerability index analysis showed no significant differences.

Conclusions:
This COVID-19 vaccination initiative highlights how an interprofessional approach can increase vaccination rates in hospitalized children; however, overall inpatient COVID-19 vaccination rates in this setting remained low.
Decreasing Blood Culture Collection in Hospitalized Patients with CAP, SSTI, and UTI
Authors: Combs Monica D. , Liberman Danica B. , Lee Vivian 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Blood culture collection in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), and urinary tract infections (UTI) remains high despite evidence of its limited utility. We aimed to decrease the number of cultures collected in children hospitalized for CAP, SSTI, and UTI by 25% over 11 months.

Methods:
Quality improvement initiative at a children’s hospital among well-appearing patients aged 2 months or more to 18 years diagnosed with CAP, SSTI, or UTI. Our primary and secondary outcomes were blood culture collection rate and positivity rate, respectively. Interventions focused on three key drivers: academic detailing, physician awareness of personal performance, and data transparency.

Results:
Over the 2-year study period, there were 105 blood cultures collected in 223 hospitalized patients. Blood culture collection rates demonstrated special cause variation, decreasing from 63.5% to 24.5%. For patients with UTI, 86% (18/21) of blood cultures were negative, whereas 100% were negative for CAP and SSTI. All three patients with bacteremic UTI had a concurrent urine culture growing the same pathogen. Balancing measures remained unchanged, including escalation to a higher level of care and return to the emergency department or hospital within 14 days for the same infection.

Conclusions:
A multifaceted quality improvement approach can reduce blood culture collection for hospitalized patients with CAP, SSTI, and UTI without significant changes to balancing measures. Despite the reduction achieved, the near-universal negative culture results suggest continued overutilization and highlight the need for more targeted approaches to blood culture collection.
Cell type-specific loops linked to RNA polymerase II elongation in human neural differentiation
Authors: Titus Katelyn R. , Simandi Zoltan , Chandrashekar Harshini , Paquet Dominik , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDNA is folded into higher-order structures that shape and are shaped by genome function. The role for long-range loops in the establishment of new gene expression patterns during cell fate transitions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the link between cell-specific loops and RNA polymerase II (RNAPolII) during neural lineage commitment. We find thousands of loops decommissioned or gainedde novoupon differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to neural progenitors (NPCs) and post-mitotic neurons. During hiPSC-to-NPC and NPC-to-neuron transitions, genes changing from RNAPolII initiation to elongation are >4-fold more likely to anchor cell-specific loops than repressed genes. Elongated genes exhibit significant mRNA upregulation when connected in cell-specific promoter-enhancer loops but not invariant promoter-enhancer loops, promoter-promoter loops, or unlooped. Genes transitioning from repression to RNAPolII initiation exhibit slight mRNA increase independent of loop status. Our data link cell-specific loops and robust RNAPolII-mediated elongation during neural cell fate transitions.HighlightsThousands of loops are decommissioned and gained upon human iPSC differentiation to NPCs/neuronsGenes transitioning from initiated-to-elongated exhibit robust mRNA upregulation when connected in cell type-specific promoter-enhancer loopsGenes transitioning from repressed-to-initiated exhibit slight increases in mRNA levels independent of loop statusUpon short-term RNAPolII degradation, loops formed by elongated genes are more severely disrupted than those anchoring initiated genes
Molecular and neuronal mechanisms governing sexually dimorphic prioritization of innate behaviors
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Ma Mingze , Sun Mengshi , Chen Jie , Pan Yufeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMales and females display dimorphic innate behaviors and further prioritize them differently. How the sexually dimorphic behavioral prioritization is mediated is poorly understood. InDrosophila, around 60 pairs of pC1 neurons in males and 6 pairs in females control sexually dimorphic behaviors. We show that an increase of pC1 activity determines the sequential execution of behaviors such as sex, aggression, sleep, and feeding in a sex-specific way. We identify distinct subsets of pC1 neurons in both males and females that regulate different behaviors. We further discover diuretic hormone 44 (DH44) and acetylcholine (ACh) as co-transmitters in pC1 neurons. ACh promotes the execution of each behavior in both sexes, whereas DH44 functions in a sex-specific and activity-dependent manner to establish the sexually dimorphic behavioral outputs. These findings provide a framework for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic prioritization of innate behaviors.
Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration of synaptic vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons
Authors: Kim Olena , Okamoto Yuji , Brose Nils , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Jonas Peter 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIt is widely believed that information storage in neuronal circuits involves nanoscopic structural changes at synapses, resulting in the formation of synaptic engrams. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. To test this conjecture, we combined chemical potentiation, functional analysis by paired pre-postsynaptic recordings, and structural analysis by electron microscopy (EM) and freeze-fracture replica labeling (FRL) at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, a key synapse in the trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus. Biophysical analysis of synaptic transmission revealed that forskolin-induced chemical potentiation increased the readily releasable vesicle pool size (RRP) and vesicular release probability (Pr) by 146% and 49%, respectively. Structural analysis of mossy fiber synapses by EM and FRL demonstrated an increase in the number of vesicles close to the plasma membrane and the number of clusters of the priming protein Munc13-1, indicating an increase in the number of both docked and primed vesicles. Furthermore, FRL analysis revealed a significant reduction of the nearest neighbor distance (NND) between Munc13-1 and CaV2.1 Ca2+channels, suggesting reconfiguration of the channel-vesicle coupling nanotopography. Our results indicate that presynaptic plasticity is associated with structural reorganization of active zones (AZs). We propose that changes in potential nanoscopic organization at synaptic vesicle release sites may be correlates of learning and memory at a plastic central synapse.