bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of tumor markers hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase (HYAL1) in head and neck tumors
Authors: Franzmann Elizabeth J. , Schroeder Grethchen L. , Goodwin William Jarrard , Weed Donald T. , Fisher Penelope , Lokeshwar Vinata B. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCharacteristic behaviors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) include a propensity to occur as multiple synchronous and metachronous tumors, frequent recurrence and metastasis. Early detection of HNSCC and monitoring its recurrence are necessary to improve prognosis. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of extracellular matrix, promotes metastasis. Small fragments of HA stimulate angiogenesis. HA fragments are generated when hyaluronidase (HAase), an endoglycosidase, degrades the HA polymer. Using the HA test (an ELISA‐like assay) we found that saliva HA levels are 4.9‐fold elevated in 11 HNSCC patients (2841 ± 887 ng/mg protein) when compared to 6 normal controls (579.3 ± 122.6 ng/mg protein; p = 0.00238). HNSCC patients included in our study were patients with cancers of the oral cavity (n = 4), pharynx (n = 7) and larynx (n = 1). The HA levels were also elevated in MDA‐1483, FaDu and HEp‐2 cell lines when compared to the transformed keratinocyte line HEK‐001. Saliva HAase levels measured using the HAase test (an ELISA‐like assay) were 3.7‐fold elevated in HNSCC patients (10.4 ± 1.4 mU/mg protein) when compared to normal controls (2.8 ± 0.7 mU/mg protein; p = 0.0028). MDA‐1483 and HEp‐2 cells secreted 7‐ to 11‐fold higher levels of HAase in their conditioned media (CM) when compared to FaDu cells, and the latter secreted 1.5‐fold more HAase than HEK‐001 cells. Reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR analysis detected the expression of full‐length HYAL1 type HAase transcript in tumor cells. None of the cells exhibited the expression of PH20 in RT‐PCR analysis. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the expression of a ∼55 kDa HYAL‐related protein in tumor cell CM and in patients' saliva. The pH activity profile and optimum (pH 4.4) of the HAase activity present in HNSCC patients' or normal saliva and that secreted in the CM of tumor cells closely resembled that of the partially purified HYAL1 type HAase. The profiles of HA species in HNSCC patients' and normal saliva are different. The high‐stage HNSCC patients' saliva contains a high‐molecular‐mass HA species and HA fragments, in addition to the HA species present in the normal individual's saliva. These results show that HYAL1 is the major tumor‐derived HAase expressed in HNSCC. Furthermore, HA and HAase may be sensitive and specific markers for detecting HNSCC and monitoring its recurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary studies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid cancer risk after thyroid examination with131I: A population‐based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Dickman Paul W. , Holm Lars‐Erik , Lundell Göran , Boice John D. , Hall Per 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIonizing radiation is the only established cause of thyroid cancer, though the effect of diagnostic administration of131I on thyroid cancer risk appears minimal. The annual number of thyroid examinations using radioiodine is currently 5 per 1,000 individuals worldwide, so this issue is of public health importance. Our objective was to evaluate the excess risk of thyroid cancer following a range of known doses of131I administered for diagnostic purposes. We conducted a nationwide, population‐based cohort study in Sweden including all 36,792 individuals who received131I for diagnostic purposes during 1952–1969 and were alive and free of thyroid cancer 2 years after exposure. Accrual of person‐time at risk commenced 2 years after the first131I administration. Follow‐up for cancer was to the end of 1998. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated as the ratio between the observed and expected numbers of thyroid cancers. Estimates were stratified by previous exposure to external radiation therapy to the neck, reason for thyroid examination,131I dose, sex, age at exposure and time since exposure. Thyroid cancers (n= 129) were diagnosed during 886,618 person‐years at risk. Excess thyroid cancers were observed only among the 1,767 patients who reported previous external radiation therapy to the neck [SIR = 9.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3–14.6] and among those originally referred due to suspicion of a thyroid tumor (SIR = 3.5, 95% CI 2.7–4.4 for 11,015 patients without previous external radiation therapy). The 24,010 patients without previous exposure to external radiation therapy to the neck who were referred for a reason other than suspicion of a thyroid tumor received an estimated dose to the thyroid of 0.94 Gy. Among these patients, 36 thyroid cancers were observed compared to 39.5 expected (SIR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.64–1.26). We found no evidence that administration of131I for diagnostic purposes increases risk of thyroid cancer. However, our study included few patients under age 20, so the results apply primarily to exposure among adults. Our data suggest that protraction of dose may result in a lower risk than brief X‐ray exposure of the same total dose. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus positivity predicts favourable outcome for squamous carcinoma of the tonsil
Authors: Li Wei , Thompson Carol H. , O'Brien Christopher J. , McNeil Edward B. , Scolyer Richard A. , Cossart Yvonne E. , Veness Michael J. , Walker D. Murray , Morgan Gary J. , Rose Barbara R. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractMutations in the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRb) pathways associated with the use of tobacco and alcohol are common in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. Cell cycle proteins are also affected by human papillomavirus (HPV), which may also have an aetiological role in cancers at particular sites, most notably the tonsil. Attempts to identify prognostic molecular markers in head and neck cancers have met with conflicting results, but few studies have been undertaken with tumours of known HPV status at a single anatomic site. In our study 86 tonsil cancers were analysed for HPV status by sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products and for the expression of cell cycle proteins (p53, p21CIP1/WAF1, pRb, p16INK4A, cyclin D1 and p27KIP1) by immunohistochemistry. The HPV status could be established in 67 of the tumours. Thirty‐one (46%) of these were HPV‐positive, predominantly (28/31) for HPV16. Findings were related to tumour recurrence and patient survival. None of the cell cycle proteins independently predicted recurrence or survival. Patients with HPV‐positive tumours, however, were significantly less likely (p< 0.05) to have recurrence or to die of disease than those with HPV‐negative tumours, after adjusting for the effects of the cell cycle proteins, clinical stage, pathological node status, tumour grade, age, gender and treatment. These findings support the concept that HPV‐positive tonsil cancers may be a distinct biological group with less aggressive characteristics. Screening of tonsil cancers for HPV DNA may help optimise treatment and provide more accurate prognostic information. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the transcription regulator, CNOT7, as a candidate chromosome 8 tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer
Authors: Flanagan James , Healey Sue , Young Joanne , Whitehall Vicki , Chenevix‐Trench Georgia 
Published: July 2003

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 8 occurs at high frequencies in many tumor types, including colorectal carcinoma. We have previously used microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) to map an approximately 7.7 Mb colorectal cancer suppressor region (CRCSR) at 8p22‐23.1. We have now taken a candidate gene approach to identify the putative tumor suppressor gene located within the CRCSR. CNOT7 encodes a subunit of the CCR4‐Not transcription complex and is located at 8p22. We showed that CNOT7 is expressed in normal colonic mucosa and in colonic crypt cells, as well as in colorectal cell lines and primary tumors. We assembled a panel of 88 primary colorectal tumors comprising 20 MSI‐high (high microsatellite instability), 19 MSI‐low and 49 MSS (microsatellite stable) tumors for mutation analysis of the CNOT7 gene. Denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis of the entire coding region of the CNOT7 gene revealed only one somatic missense mutation in an MSS tumor. The rarity of somatic mutations in CNOT7, and its expression in primary colorectal tumors and cell lines, suggests that CNOT7 is not the target tumor suppressor gene in the 8p22‐23.1 CRCSR. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baicalein and baicalin are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis: Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation
Authors: Liu Jun‐Jen , Huang Tien‐Shang , Cheng Wen‐Fang , Lu Fung‐Jou 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn recent studies, we have shown that baicalein and baicalin, 2 major flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibit anticancer activity against several cancers in vitro. In our present study, we assessed their potential as anti‐angiogenic agents in vivo employing chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) culture. When CAMs were treated with either baicalein or baicalin for 48 hr, the angiogenic response induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was markedly reduced in a dose‐dependent manner. Further characterization showed that both flavonoids exhibited dual antiproliferative (at low dose) and apoptogenic (at high dose) effects on HUVECs. In biochemical analysis, treatment of HUVECs with baicalein and baicalin for 24 hr resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 activity. Moreover, the migration of endothelial cells and the differentiation of endothelial cells into branching networks of tubular structures in vitro were also inhibited by these 2 flavonoids in a dose‐dependent manner. Baicalein is more potent than baicalin in anti‐angiogenesis in vivo as well as in vitro. Taken together, the results of our study provide evidence that baicalein and baicalin possess an anti‐angiogenesis potential that is a previously unrecognized biologic activity. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased in situ gelatinolytic activity in renal cell tumor tissues correlates with tumor size, grade and vessel invasion
Authors: Kamiya Naoto , Kishimoto Takashi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Sekita Nobuyuki , Nagai Yuichiro , Oosumi Nobuyuki , Kito Hiroki , Tochigi Naobumi , Shinbo Masataka , Nemori Ryouichi , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Igarashi Tatsuo , Ito Haruo , Ishikura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractDegradation of collagen, or gelatinolysis, by tumor cells is one of the most important events in tumorigenesis. We investigate the possible relationship between the in situ gelatinolytic activities exerted by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and clinico‐pathological factors in renal cell tumor (RCT) patients. Using the film in situ zymography (FIZ) method, we determined in situ localization of MMP‐like gelatinolytic activities in cancerous and normal tissues in the kidney (n = 51). To clarify the MMP(s) responsible for the gelatinolytic activity in RCTs, we examined the expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in the kidney tissues by means of gelatin zymography (GZG). MMP expression was also detected by RT‐PCR and Western blotting analysis. We then investigated the associations of MMP expression, as detected by GZG, with the intensity of gelatinolytic activity, as determined by FIZ. We analyzed the possible relationship of FIZ findings to several clinico‐pathological factors such as tumor size, grade, vessel invasion, histologic type, stage and metastasis. FIZ demonstrated that all tumor and normal kidney tissues showed in situ gelatinase activities, and that gelatinolytic activities in RCTs were much stronger than those of normal kidney tissues. There was a statistically significant correlation between the intensity of MMP‐like gelatinolytic activity and tumor size, tumor grade and vessel invasion (p < 0.05), but not between it and histological type, tumor stage or metastatic status. FIZ showed that tumor tissues in 5 of the 6 patients with fatal outcome exhibited the intense gelatinolytic pattern. Stronger in situ gelatinolytic patterns were documented in cases with higher MMP‐2 expression. The molecular species of MMPs detected by GZG were confirmed by RT‐PCR and Western blotting analysis. The FIZ technique enables a direct assessment of in situ gelatinolytic activity in RCT tissues. The intensity of the activity seems to affect the biology of RCT tissues. Our results also indicate a major role for MMP‐2 in in situ gelatinolysis in RCT tissues. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping protein expression in mouse pancreatic islets by immunolabeling and electron energy loss spectrum‐imaging
Authors: Goping Gertrud , Pollard Harvey B. , Srivastava Meera , Leapman Richard 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA combination of immuno‐electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectrum‐imaging was used to map the distributions of endocrine polypeptide hormones and proteins in mouse pancreatic islet of Langerhans. Tissue was analyzed from control animals and from mice that were heterozygous for the Anx7 gene, which defines a Ca2+/GTP‐dependent membrane fusion and ion channel protein. The heterozygous Anx7 (+/−) mouse displays defects in IP3 receptor mediated Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion. Therefore, information was obtained about the distributions of the hormones insulin and glucagon, as well as the proteins ANX7 and the IP3 receptor. Insulin secretion appears to be defective in the mutants. It was found from immunolabeling experiments that expression of the IP3 receptor is reduced in mutant islets compared to control islets. Subcellular distributions of sulfur and nitrogen obtained by electron energy‐loss spectrum‐imaging showed that the insulin concentrations of β granules were essentially the same in control and mutant islets. By contrast, immunogold labeling of mutant islets shows more insulin immunoreactivity in the β granules. It follows that insulin may be packaged differently in mutant islets, making antigenic determinants more available to the labeling antibody. The increased rate of insulin secretion in the hyperplastic mutant islets can be explained by compensatory increases in islet size, rather than by an increased insulin concentration in the β cells. The results indicate that reduced ANX7 expression leads to defects in the IP3 receptor expression in the endocrine cells of the mutant mouse. Increased size of the islet or of adrenal medulla may be a compensatory mechanism for secretion defect by individual endocrine cells. Defects in IP3 receptor expression, and documented consequences of a Ca2+ signaling defect, lead to other changes in organelles such as the mitochondrial number in islet β‐cells. The effects and consequences of reduced ANX7 expression on mitochondria are evident in ultrastructural observations. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:448–456, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural changes in feline dental pulp with periodontal disease
Authors: Ghoddusi Jamileh 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA light and transmission electron microscopic study was conducted on dental pulp on cats suffering periodontal disease. After extraction, pulp tissues were fixed and embedded in Epon‐Araldite. Thick layers of predentin (50 μm) and odontoblasts (30 μm) were observed. In thin sections, odontoblasts showed many mitochondria and secretary vesicles. Some capillaries with several fenestrations were located within the odontoblastic layer. All the sections of pulp examined displayed a generalized infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts displayed lytic changes in some areas. These findings imply that the pulp is significantly affected by periodontal disease and furcation‐involved teeth should be a carefully considered factor when dental treatment is planned. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:423–427, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in particle area measurements due to SEM accelerating voltage and magnification
Authors: Yañez María Julia , Barbosa Silvia Elena 
Published: July 2003

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of polymer blends followed by digital image analysis is a rapid and easy method for the measurement of particle size and dispersion. The particle size determination is done with appropriate off‐line image analysis software. However, it is necessary to understand how machine parameters involved in the formation of the SEM image influence area measurements of morphological features. In this work, the influence of the accelerating voltage used during image acquisition was examined with standard samples and with polymer blend samples. A systematic study centered on two mutually exclusive assumptions of area variation or no area variation with accelerating voltage was carried out. The off‐line image analysis software was then calibrated according to the assumptions. The main conclusion of this study was that kV has an important influence on area measurement in SEM images. This effect was observed for different standard materials (metallic and polymeric) and for the range of magnifications used. The higher the accelerating voltages, the greater the error at high magnification for polymer samples. As the beam energy increases, the primary electrons penetrate more deeply into the solid specimen, producing low‐resolution signals. These signals degrade the image and surface details, which became less well defined. Therefore, images of polymer samples must be taken at lower accelerating voltages so the desired surface details can be imaged clearly. To avoid area measurement errors, particle measurement must be done with the calibration of the off‐line image analysis software corresponding to the accelerating voltage and magnification used for the acquired images. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:463–468, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological abstraction of thyroid tumor cell nuclei using morphometry with factor analysis
Authors: Murata Shin‐Ichi , Mochizuki Kunio , Nakazawa Tadao , Kondo Tetsuo , Nakamura Nobuki , Yamashita Hiroto , Urata Yoji , Ashihara Tsukasa , Katoh Ryohei 
Published: July 2003

AbstractVarious morphonuclear studies by digital image analysis have successfully been applied to quantify the nuclear morphology, including chromatin distribution pattern, in cytology of various organs; however, the majority of past reports have not shown correlation between the quantitative data by digital image analysis and cytological findings in practical diagnosis. In this report, we present the usefulness of morphological abstraction to combine the objective data and subjective observation in cytological diagnosis. Randomly selected, 100 cells in each Papanicolaou‐stained ABC smear samples of 39 benign and malignant thyroid tumor cases were studied. Gray‐level image data provided seven parameters for nuclear size, four parameters for nuclear shape, and 16 parameters showing the nuclear chromatin patterns from high‐dimensional texture analysis of using co‐occurrence and run‐length matrices. To statistically abstract nuclear morphology, factor analysis was used. Factor analysis classified morphological nuclear characters as abstraction parameter into five abstract parameters composed of nuclear size, shape, heterogeneity, and contrast and homogeneity of chromatin pattern. The nuclei of papillary carcinoma showed larger size, more irregular shape, and higher contrast of chromatin pattern than those of the benign group. The follicular carcinomas have larger nucleus in each cell and more monotonous chromatin pattern among cells in each case than those of the benign group. Morphological abstraction by morphometry with factor analysis may provide a practical approach to the detection of the underlying characteristics of nuclear morphology in aspiration biopsy cytology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:457–462, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) in biomaterials field
Authors: Manero J.M. , Gil F.J. , Padrós E. , Planell J.A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractVarious tasks were undertaken in our laboratory where environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been of particular interest within the biomaterials field. The possibility of observing wet samples, as well as the fact that sample preparation is minimal, has improved shorter time scales and lower costs in microscopy. Minimal preparation has also reduced the possibility of introducing artifacts. Examples like cell cultures used for pit resorption assays, calcium phosphate deposition processes, and dissolution of phosphate glasses used as biomaterials are presented. Finally, a servohydraulic testing machine designed for mechanical testing in situ in ESEM has allowed the study of shape memory alloys for orthodontic applications or the behavior of different adhesives used in odontology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:469–480, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of information and communications technology on managerial practices: the use of codes of conduct
Authors: Healy Mike , Iles Jennifer 
Published: July 2003

Abstract

The widespread adoption of advanced information and communications technology (ICT) is generally regarded as a powerful driver for undermining bureaucratic management. ICT‐enabled organizations are often associated with flattened organizational structures, decentralization of resources and activities, teamwork and the empowerment of employees.
Those lines of argument are questioned with reference to knowledge management, security, the development and implementation of intranets and intranets and the findings of surveys carried out over a period of 3 years on the use of codes of conduct governing the use of ICT by employees in a wide range of organizations.
Evidence is presented that the increasing use of Internet technology has not been accompanied by the expected move away from bureaucratic management but rather by increasing employee regulation and discipline, motivated largely by management concerns about the security and efficient operation of information systems.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclin E overexpression and amplification in human tumours
Authors: Schraml Peter , Bucher Christoph , Bissig Heidi , Nocito Antonio , Haas Philippe , Wilber Kim , Seelig Steven , Kononen Juha , Mihatsch Michael J , Dirnhofer Stefan , Sauter Guido 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCyclin E amplification and overexpression have recently been described in several tumour types. However, many tumour entities have never been examined for cyclin E alterations. Numerous and time‐consuming experiments were previously required to determine the significance of potential oncogenes across different tumour types. To overcome this problem, tissue microarrays (TMAs) consisting of 3670 primary tumours from 128 different tumour types, 709 metastases, and 354 normal tissues were generated. Cyclin E alterations were then analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cyclin E gene amplification was observed in 15 different tumour types and subtypes, ie rhabdomyosarcoma, urinary bladder cancer (three subtypes), ovarian cancer (two subtypes), malignant fibrous histiocytoma, adenocarcinoma of the small intestine, medullary breast cancer, gall bladder adenocarcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, colonic adenocarcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. Cyclin E protein accumulation was found in 48 different tumour types. The use of TMA technology has enabled us to expand considerably our knowledge of cyclin E alterations in human tumours. The occurrence of amplification and overexpression in many different tumour types suggests that cyclin E plays an important role in tumour biology. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.