bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study to evaluate the use of fast abdominal ultrasonography of horses with colic in first opinion ambulatory practice
Authors: Corrie Sam , Chapman Kristina , Schofield Imogen , Mair Tim S. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundColic is the commonest emergency in first opinion equine practice. Early referral is important for horses requiring surgery. Fast localised abdominal ultrasonography of horses (FLASH) is frequently used as a diagnostic tool in the investigation of colic at referral hospitals, but its use in first opinion practice has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess the value of FLASH scanning in the primary assessment of horses with colic in the field, using a portable wireless ultrasound system.Study designProspective study (2018–2021).MethodsAny horse examined for colic as an emergency in a first opinion ambulatory practice was eligible for inclusion in the study. A FLASH examination was performed using a wireless handheld ultrasound scanner, with the images displayed on a smartphone or tablet. The findings on FLASH scans and the outcome of the case (recovered, referred for surgery or euthanised without referral) were recorded.ResultsIn total, 135 equids with acute colic were evaluated. Of the 135 horses, 49 (36%) had an abnormal finding on FLASH scanning, including distended loops of small intestine (n = 34), thickened small intestinal walls (n = 23) and/or distension of the stomach (n = 7). Reduced small intestinal motility was recorded in 52 animals (38%). Follow‐up information was available in all animals: 50 (37%) were euthanised due to clinical deterioration and the owners' decision not to undertake surgery; 85/135 (63%) survived, including 5/85 (6%) that underwent surgery and 80/85 (94%) that resolved with medical management.Main limitationsSmall number of cases. Lack of results of post‐mortem examination of horses that were euthanised. Potential selection bias.ConclusionThe FLASH technique can be valuable in the primary assessment of horses with colic in first opinion ambulatory practice. Further evaluation with more cases is required.
Targeted rainfall enhancement as an objective of forestation
Authors: Staal Arie , Theeuwen Jolanda J. E. , Wang‐Erlandsson Lan , Wunderling Nico , Dekker Stefan C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractForestation efforts are accelerating across the globe in the fight against global climate change, in order to restore biodiversity, and to improve local livelihoods. Yet, so far the non‐local effects of forestation on rainfall have largely remained a blind spot. Here we build upon emerging work to propose that targeted rainfall enhancement may also be considered in the prioritization of forestation. We show that the tools to achieve this are rapidly becoming available, but we also identify drawbacks and discuss which further developments are still needed to realize robust assessments of the rainfall effects of forestation in the face of climate change. Forestation programs may then mitigate not only global climate change itself but also its adverse effects in the form of drying.
‘It's a job to be done’. Managing polypharmacy at home: A qualitative interview study exploring the experiences of older people living with frailty
Authors: Previdoli Giorgia , Alldred David P. , Silcock Jonathan , Tyndale‐Biscoe Savi , Okeowo Daniel , Cheong V‐Lin , Fylan Beth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionMany older people live with both multiple long‐term conditions and frailty; thus, they manage complex medicines regimens and are at heightened risk of the consequences of medicines errors. Research to enhance how people manage medicines has focused on adherence to regimens rather than on the wider skills necessary to safely manage medicines, and the older population living with frailty and managing multiple medicines at home has been under‐explored. This study, therefore, examines in depth how older people with mild to moderate frailty manage their polypharmacy regimens at home.MethodsBetween June 2021 and February 2022, 32 patients aged 65 years or older with mild or moderate frailty and taking five or more medicines were recruited from 10 medical practices in the North of England, United Kingdom, and the CARE 75+ research cohort. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted face to face, by telephone or online. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsFive themes were developed: (1) Managing many medicines is a skilled job I didn't apply for; (2) Medicines keep me going, but what happened to my life?; (3) Managing medicines in an unclear system; (4) Support with medicines that makes my work easier; and (5) My medicines are familiar to me—there is nothing else I need (or want) to know.While navigating fragmented care, patients were expected to fit new medicines routines into their lives and keep on top of their medicines supply. Sometimes, they felt let down by a system that created new obstacles instead of supporting their complex daily work.ConclusionFrail older patients, who are at heightened risk of the impact of medicines errors, are expected to perform complex work to safely self‐manage multiple medicines at home. Such a workload needs to be acknowledged, and more needs to be done to prepare people in order to avoid harm from medicines.Patient and Public InvolvementAn older person managing multiple medicines at home was a core member of the research team. An advisory group of older patients and family members advised the study and was involved in the first stages of data analysis. This influenced how data were coded and themes shaped.
Investigation of the effect of impurity of precursor materials on Si‐doped boron carbide properties
Authors: Ayguzer Yasar Zeynep , Koelle Matthew M. , Haber Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBoron carbide is a notable ceramic, with its high hardness and low density. However, it suffers a sudden loss in strength under high shear stress. Doping boron carbide with Si/B is widely used to increase its resistance to amorphization. High purity boron and silicon hexaboride precursor powders are used for doping boron carbide, but these materials have high costs and supply chain constraints. This research investigated the effect of substituting lower purity B or using pure Si powder instead of SiB6 on materials’ properties such as elastic and mechanical properties, microstructure, and amorphization resistances. It was observed that using lower‐purity boron or pure Si powder instead of SiB6 did not significantly affect critical properties, such as fracture toughness, hardness, or amorphization resistance. However, Young's modulus values decreased as B purity decreased and as Si was used instead of SiB6. These findings demonstrate that substituting precursor materials in Si/B co‐doped B4C is possible with little change in the material's properties. This facilitates the use of easier‐to‐access, cheaper production routes to be used for silicon‐doped boron carbide products.
Impact of impurities on the thermal properties of a Li2S–SiS2–LiPO3 glass
Authors: Wheaton Jacob , Martin Steve W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe preparation of 0.58 Li2S + 0.315 SiS2 + 0.105 LiPO3 glass, and the impacts of polysulfide and P1P defect structure impurities on the glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), working range (ΔT≡ Tc ‐ Tg), fragility index, and the Raman spectra were evaluated using statistical analysis. In this study, 33 samples of this glass composition were synthesized through melt‐quenching. Thermal analysis was conducted to determine the glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, working range, and fragility index through differential scanning calorimetry. The quantity of the impurities described above was determined through Raman spectroscopy peak analysis. Elemental sulfur was doped into a glass to quantify the wt% sulfur content in the glasses. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of polysulfide impurities and P1P defect impurities on the thermal properties. Polysulfide impurities were found to decrease the Tg at rate of nearly 12°C per 1 wt% increase in sulfur concentration. The sulfur concentration does not have a statistically significant impact on the other properties (α = 0.05). The P1P defect structure appears to decrease the resistance to crystallization of the glass by measurably decreasing the working range of the glasses, but further study is necessary to fully quantify and determine this.
Gene polymorphisms of an interleukin‐23 receptor associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in the Western Chinese Han population
Authors: Ren Ruyu , Tan Huiling , Wang Xuean , Wang Li , Yang Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which is closely related to genetic background. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to play an important role in the development of RA. This study intends to investigate the links between gene polymorphisms in the interleukin‐23 receptor (IL23R) and interleukin 17A (IL17A) and susceptibility to RA in the Western Chinese Han population. Four SNPs (rs6693831 T > C, rs1884444 G > T, and rs7517847 T > G in IL23R gene, and rs2275913 G > A in IL17A gene) were genotyped in 246 RA patients and 362 healthy controls by high resolution melting analysis. The comparative analyses among genotype distributions, clinical indicators, and IL‐17A and IL‐23R levels in RA patients were also performed. The study revealed that the SNP rs6693831 and rs1884444 of IL23R had a significant association with RA susceptibility. The frequencies of rs6693831 genotype CC and allele C were significantly higher in the RA group and associated with higher RA risk compared with genotype TT and allele T (OR = 7.797, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.072–14.932 and OR = 5.984, 95%CI = 3.190–11.224, respectively). The TT genotype of rs1884444 appeared to decrease the RA risk compared with the GG genotype (OR = .251, 95%CI = .118–.536). The genotype CC and allele C of rs6693831 and the genotype GG and allele G of rs1884444 may be risk factors for RA. IL23R gene polymorphisms may be involved in the risk of RA susceptibility in the Western Chinese Han population.
Survey of staff experiences of potential stigma during the COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Higgins Niall , Jones Lee , Hutton Tara , Dart Nathan , Fawcett Lisa , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe impact of COVID‐19 on everyone's lives has been significant. However, there is also another factor related to the well‐being of healthcare workers (HCWs) and that is how they are perceived by the general public. The aim of this study is to provide insight into the scope of this potential problem and describe how HCWs perceive community views and if this influences provision of patient care. A paper‐based survey was conducted within mental health wards and community services as well as medical and surgical wards of a large metropolitan hospital in Queensland. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to explore the dimensionality of the HCW stigma scale from the staff survey. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to assess validity and reliability. A total of 545 staff (67.9% nursing, 6.6% medical, 14.7% Allied Health and 10.8% Administrative) completed the survey between June and July 2020. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that five factors explained 55% of the variance and represent factors of (i) Alienation, (ii) Social isolation, (iii) Perceived workplace harmony, (iv) Perceived job demands, (v) Clinical self‐efficacy. The survey displayed high internal reliability and discriminant validity was observed for all subscales. Australian HCW's reported feeling well supported at work and appreciated by society in general during the pandemic, possibly because Australian healthcare services were better prepared than those countries that first experienced COVID‐19.
Topotactic transformation of gadolinite‐ to melilite‐type structure revisited
Authors: Gorelova Liudmila A. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Shagova Anastasia K. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Pankin Dmitrii V. , Bocharov Vladimir N. , Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Pekov Igor V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTopotactic reactions can lead to the formation of new phases, which cannot be obtained via classical synthesis methods. The high‐temperature topotactic transformation of gadolinite‐type compounds, homilite Ca2Fe2+B2Si2O8O2 and datolite Ca2□B2Si2O8(OH)2, into a melilite‐type compound, okayamalite Ca2B2SiO7, was studied by in situ high‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and ex situ Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the density functional theory was used to calculate the electronic structures and Raman spectra of datolite, homilite, and okayamalite. At low temperatures (250–500°C), homilite undergoes the Fe oxidation process, whereas at high temperatures, both homilite and datolite transform into okayamalite (750 and 780°C, respectively). The transformation of datolite into okayamalite is a conversion of a single crystal to a polycrystalline aggregate, while the transformation of homilite into okayamalite is a transformation of a single crystal to a single crystal. Datolite derived from okayamalite is similar to natural okayamalite, whereas homilite derived from okayamalite shows Fe3+ for Si/B substitution. The existence of tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ leads to a stabilizing effect, resulting in the formation of a single crystal of okayamalite. In addition, the incorporation of iron into the structure of okaymalite leads to a change in the thermal behavior of the compound (α11 = 22 and 15×10−6°C–1 for datolite‐derived and homilite‐derived okayamalites, respectively). However, the thermal expansion of okayamalites is almost isotropic, which is typical for melilite‐type compounds.datolite, high‐temperature, homilite, okayamalite, topotactic reaction
Enhanced environmental purification with novel Pd/ZnO nanorod–decorated building materials through piezo‐photocatalytic synergistic effect
Authors: Tian Jiayi , Wang Dong , Zheng Wei , Zhou Hongmiao , Xiong Yan , Zou Han , Ma Shu , Han Changcun , Huang Yizhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntegrating photocatalytic technology with building materials is an imperative new trend in the green building field. Here, a novel Pd/ZnO nanorod array‐decorated ceramic tile has been designed for the first time, aiming to purify the surrounding environment. Because of the piezoelectric characteristics of ZnO nanorods, the environmental degradation efficiency of this tile‐based structure under light irradiation could be improved through injecting mechanical vibration stress. The unique piezo‐photocatalytic synergistic effect, due to the piezoelectric field created by bent ZnO nanorods and the Schottky junction formed by the noble metal Pd/ZnO heterostructures, could effectively separate the photoinduced carriers and reduce the rate of recombination, boosting the degradation efficiency. The tile‐based Pd/ZnO reaches the greatest catalytic efficiency of 75% for dye degradation in 30 min when ultrasonic and solar irradiation are applied simultaneously. Present results offer a fresh idea for creating novel piezo‐photocatalytic materials applied in eco‐friendly green buildings.
Retailer access pricing and supplier relations in the agency model
Authors: Gao Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn vertical relations where a retailer enters into agency contracts with multiple heterogenous suppliers of unrelated products, I show the retailer can turn the products into complements or substitutes by charging or subsidizing consumers for access. The optimal access price depends critically on the revenue share that the retailer takes from each supplier, and the retailer's cross‐price elasticity with respect to each supplier's price. When firms price simultaneously, the retailer optimally subsidizes consumer access if and only if the aggregate of these two factors across all suppliers exceeds 1. When the retailer prices before suppliers, it benefits from an additional demand amplification effect: The retailer can use the access price to manipulate suppliers' best responses such that they always lead to demand surges across the whole network of suppliers, which then benefits the retailer through revenue sharing. Under different circumstances, the retailer may achieve this through either further raising a positive access price, or further reducing a negative access price.
The radiopacity of single‐shade composite resins: A comparative evaluation
Authors: Ağaccıoğlu Merve , Yılmaz Merve Nur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of single‐shade composite resins with group and multi‐shade composite resins via a digital image analysis.Materials and MethodsDisc‐shaped (5 mm in diameter, 2 mm in thickness) specimens were prepared with one multi‐shade (Estelite Sigma Quick‐ESQ), four single‐shade (Omnichroma‐OC, Charisma Topaz One‐CTO, Vitra Unique‐VU, and ZenChroma‐ZC), three group‐shade (G‐aenial Achord‐GA, Optishade‐OS, and Estelite Asteria‐EA), and one posterior composite resin (Estelite Posterior‐EP) (n = 3). A radiographic image of all the specimens, an aluminum step‐wedge, and a 2 mm thick tooth section were taken. Mean gray values (MGV) of the specimens, enamel, and dentin were calculated by ImageJ software. Composition analysis was performed with EDS, and SEM images (×10,000) were obtained. The data were analyzed with Kruskal‐Wallis and Post hoc adjusted Bonferroni analysis (p = 0.05).ResultsThe mean MGV of CTO, the highest of all test groups, was significantly higher than OC and dentin (p = 0.04 and p = 0.009, relatively). The lowest mean MGV was also observed in a single‐shade group, OC. EDS analysis showed that the tested materials comprised various radiopaque elements.ConclusionsAll of the single‐shade and group‐shade groups exceeded the MGV value of dentin, which is clinically expected from any restorative material.Clinical SignificanceThe radiopacity properties of various single‐shade composite resins which as a category is a rising trend in esthetic dentistry were investigated. It is important for clinicians to be aware of novel materials' physical qualities including radiopacity, a daily clinical criteria for restorative materials.
Elemental and macromolecular plasticity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) in response to resource limitation and growth rate
Authors: Isanta‐Navarro Jana , Peoples Logan M. , Bras Benedicta , Church Matthew J. , Elser James J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the ongoing differential disruption of the biogeochemical cycles of major elements that are essential for all life (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), organisms are increasingly faced with a heterogenous supply of these elements in nature. Given that photosynthetic primary producers form the base of aquatic food webs, impacts of changed elemental supply on these organisms are particularly important. One way that phytoplankton cope with the differential availability of nutrients is through physiological changes, resulting in plasticity in macromolecular and elemental biomass composition. Here, we assessed how the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adjusts its macromolecular (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and elemental (C, N, and P) biomass pools in response to changes in growth rate and the modification of resources (nutrients and light). We observed that Chlamydomonas exhibits considerable plasticity in elemental composition (e.g., molar ratios ranging from 124 to 971 for C:P, 4.5 to 25.9 for C:N, and 15.1 to 61.2 for N:P) under all tested conditions, pointing to the adaptive potential of Chlamydomonas in a changing environment. Exposure to low light modified the elemental and macromolecular composition of cells differently than limitation by nutrients. These observed differences, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels, included smaller cells, shifts in C:N and C:P ratios (due to proportionally greater N and P contents), and differential allocation of C among macromolecular pools (proportionally more lipids than carbohydrates) with different energetic value. However, substantial pools of N and P remained unaccounted for, especially at fast growth, indicating accumulation of N and P in forms we did not measure.
A metabolomics perspective on root‐derived plant immunity and phytohormone interaction
Authors: Demiwal Pratibha , Tayade Sumedh , Yadav Shri Ram , Sircar Debabrata 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA plant's root system is essential to its survival as it supports anchorage and absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Several microorganisms interact with roots in the rhizosphere, and they can be neutral, positive, or negative. Identifying beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms and limiting or promoting their colonization is essential for roots to survive. Signaling molecules and metabolites play an important regulatory role in determining root‐microbe associations. Phytohormones modulate plant‐microbe interactions by metabolic reprogramming and transmitting long‐range signals, resulting in local and systemic resistance. Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics provides a powerful means to study root‐microbe interactions. It provides a qualitative and quantitative approach for determining the mechanisms of root‐microbe interactions and also helps to understand pathogen‐induced metabolic reprogramming. By using metabolomics, one can identify biomarker metabolites that indicate disease resistance or sensitivity in the roots. Compared to other omics methods, metabolomics is still underutilized in root‐pathogen interaction studies. It is, therefore, vital that metabolomics is popularized to gain a better understanding of disease resistance and susceptibility. Through untargeted metabolomics, we can gain insight into plant‐microbial interactions across a variety of tissues, which helps us develop more effective crop and plant protection measures. In this review, we describe the current status and progress in metabolomics applications for studying root‐microbe interactions with an emphasis on root‐derived phytohormones and specialized metabolites. In addition, we also proposed the use of metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers during root‐microbe interactions, to distinguish resistant genotypes from susceptible ones, or to predict nondestructively early disease progression.
Modeling population distribution: A visual and quantitative analysis of gradient boosting and deep learning models for multi‐output spatial disaggregation
Authors: Georgati Marina , Monteiro João , Martins Bruno , Keßler Carsten , Hansen Henning Sten 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpatially aggregated data on socio‐demographic groups often fail to capture the population's spatial heterogeneity in cities. This poses challenges for urban planning, particularly when addressing the needs of groups such as migrants or families with children. Moreover, the commonly provided aggregated units, such as census tracts, vary in size and across data sources. Existing literature on disaggregation typically handles individual subgroups separately, ignoring their interrelations in the downscaling process. This article explores the potentials of multi‐output regression models for simultaneous spatial downscaling of multiple groups and conducts a detailed spatial error analysis using individualized neighborhoods. We experiment with self‐training gradient‐boosting trees and fully convolutional neural networks, assessing the quality of results against ground truth data at the target resolution. We show that the evaluation of the disaggregated results at this detailed resolution requires unconventional methods. The methodology proves convenient and achieves high‐accuracy results using input datasets of building features.