bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Person-Centred Critical Care: Lessons from a Service Evaluation
Authors: Pearson S. , Petsas A. , Balabanovic J. , Juj M. , Harris W. , Bonnici T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractContext‘Critical care’ encompasses ‘intensive care’, ‘intensive therapy’ and ‘high dependency’ care and is operationalised when patients require specialised monitoring and intervention following complex surgery, or a life-threatening illness or injury.BackgroundDuring the pandemic, the Critical Care Department at UCLH formed a family liaison team to bridge the connection gap between patients, families, and clinical teams. This evolved into the Patient & Family Team (PFT), which organised several engagement events to understand patient and family experiences in critical care.MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted online and in-person with patients and bereaved families exploring their experience of the service. Discussions revolved around pivotal moments in the critical care journey. Feedback was analysed thematically and validated with the participants.FindingsPatients described their journey through four stages: Admission, Period of Disorientation, Re-Awakening, and Recovery. Bereaved families categorised their experiences into seven stages from ‘The Phone Call’ to ‘Bereavement.’ The need for effective and compassionate communication and support was evident for both groups.DiscussionFeedback revealed the emotional journeys of patients and families in critical care. While many experiences align with the existing literature, they also highlight areas for improvement, emphasising the value of human connection in healthcare. This study also demonstrated the need for continuous service evaluation and strategies for understanding underserved populations.
Correlation between autistic traits and brain functional connectivity in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: a resting state MEG study
Authors: Taddei Matilde , Cuesta Pablo , Annunziata Silvia , Bulgheroni Sara , Esposito Silvia , Visani Elisa , Granvillano Alice , Dotta Sara , Rossi Davide Sebastiano , Panzica Ferruccio , Franceschetti Silvana , Varotto Giulia , Riva Daria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurophysiological studies recognized that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with altered patterns of over- and under-connectivity. However, few results are available about network organization in children with ASD in the early phases of development and the correlation with the severity of core autistic features.MethodsThe present study aimed at investigating the association between brain connectivity derived by MEG signals and severity of ASD traits measured with different diagnostic clinical scales, in a sample of 16 children with ASD aged 2 to 6 years.ResultsA significant correlation emerged between connectivity strength in cortical brain areas implicated in several resting state networks and the severity of communication anomalies, social interaction problems, social affect problems, and repetitive behaviors. Seed analysis revealed that this pattern of correlation was mainly caused by global rather than local effects.ConclusionsThe present results confirm that altered connectivity strength in several resting state networks is related to clinical features and may contribute to neurofunctional correlates of ASD. Future studies implementing the same method on a wider and stratified sample may further support functional connectivity as a possible biomarker of the condition.
Evaluating and Mitigating Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Hager Paul , Jungmann Friederike , Bhagat Kunal , Hubrecht Inga , Knauer Manuel , Vielhauer Jakob , Holland Robbie , Braren Rickmer , Makowski Marcus , Kaisis Georgios , Rueckert Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClinical decision making is one of the most impactful parts of a physician’s responsibilities and stands to benefit greatly from AI solutions and large language models (LLMs) in particular. However, while LLMs have achieved excellent performance on medical licensing exams, these tests fail to assess many skills that are necessary for deployment in a realistic clinical decision making environment, including gathering information, adhering to established guidelines, and integrating into clinical workflows. To understand how useful LLMs are in real-world settings, we must evaluate themin the wild, i.e. on real-world data under realistic conditions. Here we have created a curated dataset based on the MIMIC-IV database spanning 2400 real patient cases and four common abdominal pathologies as well as a framework to simulate a realistic clinical setting. We show that current state-of-the-art LLMs do not accurately diagnose patients across all pathologies (performing significantly worse than physicians on average), follow neither diagnostic nor treatment guidelines, and cannot interpret laboratory results, thus posing a serious risk to the health of patients. Furthermore, we move beyond diagnostic accuracy and demonstrate that they cannot be easily integrated into existing workflows because they often fail to follow instructions and are sensitive to both the quantity and order of information. Overall, our analysis reveals that LLMs are currently not ready for clinical deployment while providing a dataset and framework to guide future studies.
Modulation of circadian rhythms in articular cartilage by heat pulses
Authors: Gonçalves Cátia F. , Dudek Michal , Pathiranage Dharshika RJ , Paszek Anna , El-Houni Zeyad , Li Shiyang , Tawy Gwenllian , Biant Leela , Hoyland Judith A. , Meng Qing-Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivePrior studies have shown that disruption of the circadian clock leads to cartilage degeneration in mice while shift work is associated with higher risk of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. In this study we investigated the potential of heat pulses to restore dampened circadian rhythms in articular cartilage.MethodsFemoral head cartilage explants and primary chondrocytes were isolated from PER2::LUC mice. Human femoral condyle cartilage was obtained from osteoarthritic patients undergoing total knee replacement. Tissues and cells were exposed to heat shock at various temperatures (37-43 °C) and incubation lengths. Bioluminescence from explants and cells was recorded in real-time. RNA sequencing and qPCR were used to assess gene expression changes in response to heat.ResultsWe established that a 60-min pulse at 43 °C was sufficient to restore dampened PER2::LUC rhythms in mouse cartilage explants or in primary chondrocytes. Transcriptome analysis in mouse articular cartilage showed an up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins and collagens, and a transient down-regulation ofSox9,Runx2,Per1,ClockandCry2. Heat induced the expression of circadian clock genes in human osteoarthritic knee cartilage. Mechanistically, inhibition of HSP90 activity or perturbation of F-actin polymerisation blocked the heat-induced resynchronisation of circadian rhythms.ConclusionTogether, these data have contributed to a greater understanding of the multifaceted nature of the connections between circadian timekeeping, heat stress responses and homeostasis in articular cartilage. These findings also suggest that time-prescribed temperature increases could be developed into a non-invasive intervention to slow down tissue ageing and restore homeostasis in osteoarthritic joints by improving circadian oscillations of cartilage rhythmic pathways.
Electrifying the future: analysing the determinants of electric vehicle adoption
Authors: Pandita Deepika , Bhatt Vimal , Kumar V. V. Ravi , Fatma Anam , Vapiwala Fatima 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to emphasize green energy-driven solutions to address environmental sustainability issues, particularly to promote the uptake of electric vehicles (EVs). This study intends to investigate user adoption of EVs as the existing predicament of converting car owners to EV buyers, demanding a push to create a facilitating environment for EV uptake.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey-based quantitative study involving 330 car owners and potential buyers was conducted involving four predictors, i.e. financial benefits, social influence, charging infrastructure and range consciousness. Environmental concerns and socio-demographic factors such as age, family income and gender were considered as moderators between these predictors and EV adoption intention. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to analyse the proposed relationships.

Findings
The findings indicated that financial benefits (ß = 0.169, t = 3.930), social influence (ß = 0.099, t = 2.605), range consciousness (ß = 0.239, t = 3.983) and charging infrastructure (ß = 0.142, t = 4.8) significantly impact EV adoption. Family income was the most significant moderator with a large effect size (F square = 0.224), followed by environmental concern (F square = 0.182) and age (F square = 0.042) having a medium moderation effect and, subsequently, gender (F square = 0.010) as a mild moderator.

Originality/value
By analysing environmental concerns as a moderator, this study fosters a novel understanding of how environmental concerns impact EV adoption, which has not been explored. Additionally, the empirical assessment of the socio-economic and socio-demographic factors of EV adoption helps to offer a consumer perspective to the government and policymakers in undertaking initiatives to promote EV adoption.
Artificial intelligence: threat or asset to academic integrity? A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Margarida , Silva Rui , Borges Ana Pinto , Franco Mário , Oliveira Cidália 
Published: January 2024

Purpose This study aims to address a systematic literature review (SLR) using bibliometrics on the relationship between academic integrity and artificial intelligence (AI), to bridge the scattering of literature on this topic, given the challenge and opportunity for the educational and academic community.Design/methodology/approach This review highlights the enormous social influence of COVID-19 by mapping the extensive yet distinct and fragmented literature in AI and academic integrity fields. Based on 163 publications from the Web of Science, this paper offers a framework summarising the balance between AI and academic integrity.Findings With the rapid advancement of technology, AI tools have exponentially developed that threaten to destroy students' academic integrity in higher education. Despite this significant interest, there is a dearth of academic literature on how AI can help in academic integrity. Therefore, this paper distinguishes two significant thematical patterns: academic integrity and negative predictors of academic integrity.Practical implicationsThis study also presents several contributions by showing that tools associated with AI can act as detectors of students who plagiarise. That is, they can be useful in identifying students with fraudulent behaviour. Therefore, it will require a combined effort of public, private academic and educational institutions and the society with affordable policies.Originality/value This study proposes a new, innovative framework summarising the balance between AI and academic integrity.
‘We welcome migrants and the tourists come’: postmodern hospitality in Palermo, Sicily
Authors: Neil Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Palermo, Sicily, actors use the metaphor of hospitality to profess cosmopolitan attitudes towards ‘migrants’. This raises a conceptual puzzle: hospitality and cosmopolitanism represent contradictory models of social ethics. But an ethnography of one social enterprise reveals that the hospitality in use is not traditional hospitality. Rather, employing what I call ‘postmodern hospitality’ shows a contemporary, reimagined form of hospitality that is compatible with the ‘Mediterranean cosmopolitanism’ invoked. Actors can thus declare sociopolitical aims of including ‘migrants’ while saving their ‘dying’ city. But this politics blurs with economic aims of attracting tourists. Following ‘postmodern hospitality’ shows how local actors use idealized images of Sicily to appeal to outsiders while attempting to subvert engrained ideas of Sicily as ‘backwards’. The risk is that they participate in the European spectacle of migration, and the commodification of notions of ‘Mediterraneanness’ and ‘Southernness’.
Truth clashes: caste atrocities, false cases, and the limits of hate crime law in North India
Authors: Fuchs Sandhya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article brings together theories of truth in legal anthropology and the anthropology of religion to highlight how legal institutions can co‐opt hate crime laws and reproduce patterns of sociopolitical oppression. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research on the social life of India's only hate crime law – the 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act (PoA), which punishes violence against Dalit (ex‐untouchable) communities – the article argues that hate crime cases involve a clash between three different truth logics: attributive truth or credibility; formal juridical truth regimes defined by evidentiary technicalities; and a distinct mode of experiential‐discriminatory truth, which is defined by its processual character. As Indian police and judiciary conflate these truth logics in practice, they publicly and legally erase realities of caste discrimination and (re)construct marginalized communities like Dalits as greedy and unreliable narrators.
Revising the Logic Model Behind Health Care's Social Care Investments
Authors: GOTTLIEB LAURA M. , HESSLER DANIELLE , WING HOLLY , GONZALEZ‐ROCHA ALEJANDRA , CARTIER YURI , FICHTENBERG CAROLINE 
Published: January 2024

Policy Points
This article summarizes recent evidence on how increased awareness of patients’ social conditions in the health care sector may influence health and health care utilization outcomes.
Using this evidence, we propose a more expansive logic model to explain the impacts of social care programs and inform future social care program investments and evaluations.
Ameliorating effects of Acanthopanax koreanum extract and components on nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms
Authors: Lee Hyun Jun , Ortiz Darlene Mae , Sayson Leandro Val , Kim Mikyung , Cheong Jae Hoon , Kim Hee Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTobacco smoking is a serious health problem in society. While smoking rates are declining, smoking remains a serious risk to national health. Currently, there are several medications available to aid in smoking cessation. However, these medications have the disadvantages of low success rates in smoking cessation and various side effects. Therefore, natural‐based smoking cessation aids are being suggested as a good alternative due to their accessibility and minimal side effects. The roots and stems of Acanthopanax koreanum (AK) Nakai, a plant that is native to Jeju Island, South Korea, have traditionally been used as tonic and sedatives. Moreover, eleutheroside B and chlorogenic acid are the main components of AK stem extract. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 70% ethanol AK extract and its components on ameliorating nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms by using behavioural tests in mice. In addition, alterations in the dopaminergic and DRD1‐EPAC‐ERK‐CREB pathways were observed using dopamine ELISA and western blotting using mouse brains. Our findings demonstrate that the AK extract and its components effectively mitigated the effects of nicotine treatment in behavioural tests. Furthermore, it normalized the dopamine concentration and the expression level of nicotine acetylcholine receptor α7. Additionally, it was observed that AK extract and its components led to the normalization of DRD1, ERK and CREB expression levels. These results indicate that AK extract exhibits effects in ameliorating nicotine dependence behaviour and alleviating withdrawal symptoms. Moreover, EB and CGA are considered potential marker components of AK extract.
Assessing the sub‐lethal impacts of insecticides on aphid parasitoids through laboratory‐based studies
Authors: McDougall Robert , Mata Luis , Ward Samantha , Hoffmann Ary , Umina Paul A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAphids are a major pest of cropping systems throughout the world. In most cases, crop aphids are controlled with broad‐spectrum insecticides; although generally very effective at preventing yield loss, this approach risks non‐target damage to beneficial organisms. In the last 20 years, a number of selective insecticides have become available to control aphids while minimising harm to other arthropods. Previous studies have found that two such insecticides, flonicamid and afidopyropen, cause only low‐level acute mortality impacts on aphid parasitoids in Australian grain crops. However, little research has examined the sub‐lethal effects of these chemicals, which could induce various physiological changes that impact pest control. We hypothesised that both flonicamid and afidopyropen have negative effects that extend beyond the immediate acute mortality previously published. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a series of experiments to determine the effects of flonicamid and afidopyropen, along with the synthetic pyrethroid gamma‐cyhalothrin, on aphid parasitism (mummification) rate, emergence rate of the next generation and the next generation sex ratio in three important aphid parasitoids,Aphidius colemani(Viereck),Diaeretiella rapae(M'Intosh) andAphelinus abdominalis(Dalman). Analogous with previous research, our acute toxicity bioassays showed that all three insecticides had low (<30%) mortality impacts. Although sub‐lethal impacts could not be assessed forD. rapaedue to the low level of aphid parasitism by that species, our findings showed negative impacts on fecundity in survivingA. abdominalisandA. colemani. Of particular note is the increase in International Organisation for Biological Control ratings to moderate (30%–80% mortality and/or reproductive reduction) when mortality and reduced fecundity effects were combined to determine overall fitness impacts. Gamma‐cyhalothrin typically resulted in higher negative impacts onA.abdominalisandA.colemani(compared with flonicamid and afidopyropen); however, quite surprisingly, these impacts were not rated as highly toxic. Taken together, our results suggest that, even when sub‐lethal impacts are considered, flonicamid and afidopyropen are useful tools for farmers targeting aphid populations while minimising the non‐target impacts on parasitoids. We recommend semi‐field and/or field trials to further assess the impacts of these insecticides on aphid parasitoid populations.
A cross‐sectional study exploring the characteristics of female survivors of sexual violence living with HIV/AIDS in the eastern region of Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nyakio Olivier , Kibukila Fabrice , Mukwege Denis , Bwani Joyeux , Tambwe Albert , Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Akilimali Aymar , Kakudji Prosper , Kakoma Jean Baptiste 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSexual violence remains a persistent and devastating issue in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).AimTo elucidate the sociodemographic, sexual, and obstetrical characteristics associated with the experiences of victims of sexual violence (VSV) among women in the region.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 625 women from eastern DRC. Participants provided self‐reported data, collected through interviews conducted by trained female interviewers in secure environments. Associations between VSV and various sociodemographic and reproductive health factors were examined.ResultsOf the respondents, 26.1% reported experiences of sexual violence. VSV were predominantly younger, with 56.44% aged between 15 and 24 years. Single women comprised 57.67% of VSV, and 37.42% identified as farmers. There were 33.13% of VSV who were illiterate, and 81.60% belonged to the low socio‐economic stratum. Early physiological and reproductive milestones characterised VSV: 52.15% experienced menarche at or before 13 years, 34.97% initiated sexual intercourse before age 15, and 18.70% reported their first pregnancy before age 15. Higher nulliparity was observed in VSV (29.45%) compared to non‐VSV (9.31%). A lower prevalence of HIV infection was found among VSV (11.04%) relative to non‐VSV (25.76%).ConclusionSexual violence in the eastern DRC exhibits multifactorial associations. Younger women, those in certain occupations, and those with specific reproductive histories appear more vulnerable. The findings underscore the urgency for targeted interventions, enhanced access to education, and improved reproductive health services. Addressing these pressing issues should remain a primary focus in both societal and public health spheres.
3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 facilitates erectile dysfunction via inhibiting autophagy by enhancing the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in type 1 diabetic mellitus rats
Authors: Dai Zhiqiang , Zeng Yang , Tan Xiao , Zhou Tao , Li Xiong , Deng Qingfu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is currently a hot topic of medical research. It has been reported that autophagy plays a crucial role in causing erectile dysfunction in T1DM. Recent research has shown that mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) is strongly linked to the development of T1DM. However, the specific mechanism by which it regulates the erectile function is not yet fully understood.ObjectivesTo investigate whether HMGCS2 affects erectile function in type 1 diabetic rats by regulating autophagy in corpus cavernosum endothelial cells (CCECs).Materials and methodsFirst, the rat model of T1DM was established. Then, the ratio of maximum penile intracavernous pressure (ICPmax) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was detected to assess the erectile function in various groups, and the protein expression of HMGCS2, mTOR and p‐mTOR was evaluated by western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To explore the relationship between HMGCS2 and the mTOR signaling pathway in T1DM ED rats, we silenced the expression of HMGCS2 and activated the mTOR signaling pathway with MHY1485 in CCECs and then assessed the expression of beclin1, P62, LC3, autophagosome, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylation of eNOS (p‐eNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) to evaluate autophagy and the erectile function by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot.ResultsThe study conducted on T1DM ED rats showed that the expression of HMGCS2 was significantly increased, while the autophagy was suppressed. Additionally, the mTOR signaling pathway was highly activated. In contrast, when HMGCS2 was silenced in vitro, p‐mTOR/mTOR was reduced, and autophagy was improved. These effects were accompanied by the enhanced activity of eNOS. Furthermore, when HMGCS2 was silenced and the mTOR signaling pathway was simultaneously activated, the results revealed a decrease in autophagy as well as a reduction in activity of eNOS in comparison to just silencing HMGCS2 alone.Discussion and conclusionHMGCS2 upregulation in T1DM rats inhibited autophagy and eNOS activity by activating the mTOR pathway and led to a decrease in the erectile function.