bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex pheromone components of the clearwing borer, Carmenta chrysophanes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): Provisional identification and field tests
Authors: Vickers Richard A , Rumbo Eric R 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSex pheromone components of the clearwing moth, Carmenta chrysophanes (Meyrick), were identified empirically in field tests as (Z,Z)‐3,13‐octadecadien‐1‐OAc and (Z,Z)‐3,13‐octadecadien‐1‐ol. Neither component, on its own, was attractive. In trials comparing six binary blends whose acetate contents ranged from 70 to 95%, most moths were caught in traps baited with a 90:10 ratio of acetate : alcohol. Differences between mean catches using the six blends were not significant at P < 0.05, but there was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between mean catch and the proportion of acetate over the range tested. Gas‐chromatography analyses of pheromone glands revealed the presence of an 18‐carbon diene acetate and an 18‐carbon diene alcohol in a ratio of 88:12.
Two new species of Diaphyta Bergroth with notes on the genus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: McDonald FJD 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Diaphyta fulvescens (Dallas), Diaphyta pulchra (Dallas), Diaphyta rosea Bergroth and Diaphyta tasmani (Distant) are partly redescribed. Diaphyta evansorum sp. n. and Diaphyta richardsi sp. n. are described from Western Australia. Periboea rufofulva Jensen‐Haarup is synonymised with Diaphyta tasmani. A key to species of Diaphyta is given.
Minimising mortality in field and pot experiments using Heteronyx piceus Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) eggs and larvae
Authors: Ward Andrew L , Rogers D John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe establishment of experimental populations of scarab larvae using eggs and early instar larvae has proven to be difficult for many researchers. Despite this, little work has been published examining ways to optimise establishment under artificial conditions. In this experiment, we examined the effect of shade and irrigation on the establishment of Heteronyx piceus Blanchard larvae introduced into pots as eggs and first‐, second‐ and third‐instar larvae to optimise artificial infestation techniques. The most important factor affecting larval establishment was the life stage introduced. Establishment of eggs and first instars was very low, with only 21% of eggs and 11% of first‐instar larvae establishing. In contrast, 82% of second‐instar larvae and 84% of third‐instar larvae established successfully. The addition of shade marginally improved overall survival from 45% in the unshaded pots to 53% in the shaded pots. However, most of this increase was in the eggs and first instars. Irrigation did not improve survival. These results suggest that when introducing scarab larvae to field or pot experiments, second‐ or third‐instar larvae should be used to maximise establishment. The provision of shade and supplementary irrigation is optional.
Review of the carrion beetles of Australia and New Guinea (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: Peck Stewart B 
Published: March 2003

AbstractKeys, distribution maps and bionomic summaries are given for the five described species of large carrion beetles (Silphidae) known from Australia and the island of New Guinea. The genera Nicrophorus Fabricius and Diamesus Hope entered Australasia from the north. The Australasian genus Ptomaphila Kirby and Spence has three species and these show a southern or trans‐Antarctic sister‐group relationship to Oxelytrum Gistel of the Neotropical Region. The Australian species are mostly distributed in forest or scrub habitat within 300 km from the coastline. A phylogeny of Ptomaphila indicates that P. ovata Portevin of New Guinea is most plesiotypic, that P. perlata Kraatz of eastern Australia is intermediate, and that P. lacrymosa (Schreibers) of southern Australia is most apotypic.
Larval hosts of Australian Drosophilidae (Diptera): A field survey in subtropical and tropical Australia
Authors: Van Klinken Rieks Dekker , Walter Gimme H 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe drosophilid fauna in Australia offers an important study system for evolutionary studies. Larval hosts are unknown for most species, however, and this imposes serious limits to understanding their ecological context. The present paper reports the first systematic, large‐scale field survey of potential larval hosts to be conducted, in order to obtain an overview of the host utilisation patterns of Australian drosophilids. Potential hosts (mostly fruit and fungi) were collected from different vegetation types in northern and eastern Australia. Host data were obtained for 81 drosophilid species from 17 genera (or 28% of the known fauna). Most genera were restricted to either fruit or fungi, although Scaptodrosophila spp. and Drosophila spp. were recorded from fruit, fungi, flowers and compost, and Drosophila spp. also emerged from the parasitic plant Balanophora fungosa. There was no evidence that use of either fruit or fungi was correlated to host phylogeny. Drosophilids emerged from hosts collected from all sampled vegetation types (rainforest, open forest, heath and domestic environments). Vegetation type influenced drosophilid diversity, both by affecting host availability and because some drosophilid species apparently restricted their search for hosts to particular vegetation types.
The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
Authors: Drew Richard Ai , Romig Meredith C 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Bougainville, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu dacine fauna is revised and 12 new species are described: Bactrocera atrabifasciata, B. fuscipennula, B. hamaceki, B. hollingsworthi, B. naucleae, B. neoxanthodes, B. obliquivenosa, B. pacificae, B. parafroggatti, B. peneobscura, B. unitaeniola, Dacus taui. Two new synonymies are established: Bactrocera honiarae Drew = Bactrocera confluens (Drew); Dacus varipes Malloch = Bactrocera quadrisetosa (Bezzi). Information is given on attractant records, geographical distributions and taxonomic relationships. A key to species is also provided.
Interspecific crosses of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory
Authors: Cruickshank Leanne , Jessup Andrew J , Cruickshank David J 
Published: March 2003

Abstract F
1 progeny from the cross between two species of Australian fruit flies, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon), mated with each other in the laboratory to produce viable F2 offspring. F1 and F2 hybrids were morphologically distinct from their B. tryoni and B. jarvisi parents.
Geographic variation in host instar and species preference of Microplitis demolitor (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) towards two of its native hosts, Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Seymour Jamie E , Jones Rhondda E 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOvipositing females of the parasitoid Microplitis demolitor discriminated between larvae of two major Australian lepidopteran pest species, Helicoverpa armigera (corn earworm) and Helicoverpa punctigera (native budworm). Parasitoid populations from different geographical locations differed in their host preferences. The pattern of variation showed consistent change of preference with latitude and suggested that evolution of this preference may be driven by the hosts’ local abundance and seasonal phenology. Microplitis demolitor showed a strong preference for second‐ and third‐instar host larvae over all other host larval instars. This preference probably represented a compromise between the improved host survivorship provided by older larvae and the low risk of injury to the ovipositing parasitoid when attacking younger larvae.
Parasitism and predation of the lantana leafmining beetles Octotoma scabripennis Guérin‐Méneville and Uroplata girardi Pic (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) in Australia
Authors: Broughton Sonya 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSurveys of lantana were conducted during 1994–1996 at Gatton, Samsonvale, Beenleigh and Sherwood in south‐east Queensland. These showed that the lantana leafmining beetles Uroplata girardi Pic and Octotoma scabripennis Guérin‐Méneville are attacked by generalist predators, mostly spiders, and one parasitoid, Sympiesis sp. n. near aburiana (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Sympiesis near aburiana is a larval ectoparasitoid, attacking all hispine instars including the pupae, although more parasitoids were collected from second and third instar larvae. Parasitism levels differed with the sampling method used, with higher estimates obtained from destructive samples. Estimates of parasitism levels ranged from 0 to 44% for U. girardi and 0–100% for O. scabripennis. Although parasitism alone is unlikely to reduce hispine populations, parasitism coupled with larval death due to unknown causes could impact on overwintering larvae.
Field test of a model of migration of moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in inland Australia
Authors: Gregg Peter C , Socorro Alice P Del , Rochester Wayne A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA migration of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), Heliothis punctifera (Walker) and Agrotis munda Walker was tracked from Cameron Corner (29°00´S, 141°00´E) in inland Australia to the Wilcannia region, approximately 400 km to the south‐east. A relatively isolated source population was located using a distribution model to predict winter breeding, and confirmed by surveys using sweep netting for larvae. When a synoptic weather pattern likely to produce suitable conditions for migration developed, moths were trapped in the source region. The next morning a simulation model of migration using wind‐field data generated by a numerical weather‐prediction model was run. Surveys using sweep netting for larvae, trapping and flush counts were then conducted in and around the predicted moth fallout area, approximately 400 km to the south‐east. Pollen carried on the probosces of moths caught in this area was compared with that on moths caught in the source area. The survey data and pollen comparisons provided evidence that migration had occurred, and that the migration model gave accurate estimation of the fallout region. The ecological and economic implications of such migrations are discussed.
Effect of epicuticular wax on adhesion of psyllids to glaucous juvenile and glossy adult leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière
Authors: Brennan Eric B , Weinbaum Steven A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the heteroblastic plant Eucalyptus globulus, the glaucous juvenile leaves are coated in epicuticular wax that is relatively absent on the glossy adult leaves. The adhesion of three psyllid species (Ctenarytaina eucalypti Maskell, C. spatulata Taylor and Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore) to glossy adult leaves, adult leaves to which the juvenile leaf wax was added, glaucous (‘waxy’) juvenile leaves, and ‘de‐waxed’ juvenile leaves was compared. Wax reduced adhesion of all three species but C. spatulata and G. brimblecombei were most affected. Unlike the other two species, C. eucalypti could consistently climb the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of vertically inclined ‘waxy’ juvenile leaves. Ctenarytaina spatulata and G. brimblecombei were able to climb the ‘waxy’ juvenile leaves only by clinging to protruding veins of abaxial leaf surfaces. Psyllid adhesion to adult leaves was reduced when juvenile leaf wax was transferred to glossy adult leaves. These results are consistent with previous findings that juvenile leaves are resistant to C. spatulata and G. brimblecombei but are susceptible to C. eucalypti. Observations under light microscopy suggested that the tarsi of C. eucalypti are better adapted for adhering to the epicuticular wax‐coated surfaces than those of the other two species. Ctenarytaina eucalypti used all legs to adhere to flat surfaces while the other species used only the front two pairs of legs. All three psyllid species had adhesive pulvilli on their basal tarsomeres; but C. eucalypti had eight and 11 times more total pulvillar area per unit of body weight than did C. spatulata, and four and five times more total pulvillar area than did G. brimblecombei, for males and females, respectively. Based on the ‘foot prints’ of the psyllids on soot‐coated glass, C. eucalypti caused less exfoliation than the other two species when walking.
Artificial infestation of sorghum spikelets with eggs of Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by water injection
Authors: Hardy Adam T , Franzmann Bernard A , Sutherland Mark W 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA technique for artificially infesting sorghum spikelets with eggs of sorghum midge is described and compared with natural oviposition achieved in a glasshouse cage trial. This technique was developed to facilitate antibiosis resistance related studies of midge biology, and to overcome the reduced and inconsistent oviposition achieved in sorghum lines that contain ovipositional‐antixenosis resistance. Injecting an aqueous suspension of exactly two midge eggs between the glumes of individual sorghum spikelets using a micropipette produced consistent, low egg densities across five lines of varying resistance (0.8–1.2 eggs per spikelet; 50–70% infestation), while water injection of four to six eggs per spikelet in the same lines produced high and consistent egg densities (two to three eggs per spikelet; > 80% infestation). In contrast to both of the water‐injection treatments, natural oviposition within the same five lines produced inconsistent egg densities, even when midge densities were adjusted to account for the variable levels of ovipositional antixenosis present in each line (one to four eggs per spikelet; 40–80% infestation). A bioassay was also conducted to determine the effect of suspending midge eggs in water on egg hatch, neonate survival and fitness. Aqueous suspensions of midge eggs stored for 4 h at room temperature produced 79% egg hatch. However, aqueous egg suspensions refrigerated at 4°C for 1–7 days reduced egg hatch (41–64%), lowered larval longevity and reduced maximum movement of neonate larvae. No eggs hatched after 14 days of refrigerated storage.
Insect and host‐tree species influence the effectiveness of a Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis‐based insecticide for controlling chrysomelid leaf beetles
Authors: Beveridge Natasha , Elek Jane A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLaboratory trials were conducted to examine the role of insect and host‐tree species on the effectiveness of the bioinsecticide Novodor® [Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis (Btt)]. Novodor® was sprayed onto Eucalyptus nitens foliage to compare its effect on larvae of two eucalypt leaf beetles, Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Olivier) and Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Novodor® caused higher mortalities of first and second instars of C. agricola than of C. bimaculata larvae at similar application rates. Novodor® sprayed onto foliage of two host‐tree species, E. nitens and Eucalyptus regnans, resulted in mortality of C. bimaculata first and second instars 18% and 104% higher, respectively, on E. regnans than on E. nitens foliage. They ate an average of 39% less and were half an instar less developed after 7 days feeding on unsprayed E. regnans than E. nitens foliage. Spraying with Novodor® further reduced foliage consumption by an average of 50% and developmental stage by half an instar for both tree species and larval instars. The present study demonstrated that biological factors may influence the performance of insects and the effectiveness of a bioinsecticide application, so that extrapolation of results from any host or insect species to other host or insect species needs to be applied with caution.
New records and a revised checklist of the Australian clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: Kallies Axel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNew records of clearwing moths (Sesiidae) from Australia are presented.Trilochana smaragdinaDiakonoff 1954was known only from a single female from West Papua (Irian Jaya). This species is redescribed here on the basis of a series of males recently collected in Queensland. It is the first record of the tribe Sesiini and the genusTrilochanafor Australia. Males of another species,Nokona carulifera(Hampson 1919) comb. n., have been found for the first time at the same locality and are also characterised here.Nokona coracodes(Turner 1922) comb. n. is restored from synonymy. The genusPseudosesiaFelder 1861is redefined and restored from synonymy withParanthreneHübner [1819]. An updated checklist of the Sesiidae of Australia is presented.
Species composition and population studies of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Mildura district in the Murray Valley of southern Australia
Authors: Wishart Elwyn 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe adult mosquito population in the Mildura area was surveyed weekly from November to April in 1997–98, 1998–99 and 1999–2000 using CO2
baited light traps. A total of 43 039 mosquitoes were trapped, which included 23
species from 5 genera. Ochlerotatus sapiens Marks and Anopheles amictus
Edwards had not previously been recorded in Victoria. A number of other species had
not been recorded in earlier studies of the area. Culex annulirostris Skuse
was the dominant species. During the spring, summer and autumn of 1999–2000,
Ochlerotatus camptorhynchus (Thomson) was trapped in higher numbers than had been seen in earlier studies. The implications for arbovirus transmission are discussed in relation to the range and number of species trapped.
Synopsis of the Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Australia, including two newly recorded, introduced sawfly species associated with willows (Salix spp.)
Authors: Naumann Ian D , Williams Margaret A , Schmidt Stefan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo species of tenthredinid sawflies associated with willows are recorded from Australia for the first time: Pontania proxima (Lepeletier), which forms galls
on Salix fragilis Linnaeus in Tasmania, and Amauronematus viduatus
(Zetterstedt), which defoliates Salix babylonica Linnaeus in south‐eastern New South Wales. A key to the five introduced and three endemic species of Tenthredinidae known from Australia is provided. Notes on biology and distribution are given for all species.
New genus and two new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging buds on Eucalyptus in Australia
Authors: Kolesik Peter , Taylor Gary S , Kent Deborah S 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo new gall midges whose larvae damage leaf and branch buds of eucalypts in Australia are described and a new genus, Eucalyptodiplosis Kolesik (Cecidomyiidi: Cecidomyiini)
is erected to contain them. The infested buds are deformed and do not develop further.
Eucalyptodiplosis germinis Kolesik was found on Eucalyptus cosmophylla
F. Muell. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. in natural bush vegetation in
South Australia. Eucalyptodiplosis mcintyrei Kolesik is a potential pest of
Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden in plantation forests in New South Wales with the potential to cause economically significant damage in young tree plantations. The basic biology of the midges is described and a key to adults of currently known Australian genera of the supertribe Cecidomyiidi is presented.
Effect of parasitism by Trichopsidea oestracea Westwood (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) on the susceptibility of Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to infection by Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Driver and Milner
Authors: Milner Richard J , Baker Graeme L , Cliff Alan D 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn two laboratory bioassays of the mycoinsecticide Metarhizium anisopliae
var. acridum against field collected wingless grasshoppers, Phaulacridium
vittatum, parasitism by the nemestrinid, Trichopsidea oestracea, did not increase the susceptibility of the grasshoppers to the mycoinsecticide. A statistical analysis showed that the parasitised grasshoppers were significantly less susceptible. The fungus also did not infect the parasitic nemestrinid larvae. These data suggest that treatment with the mycoinsecticide would have a benign effect on the parasitic stage of this important parasite, the treatment not changing the ratio of parasitised and unparasitised hosts in post‐treatment populations.
Nepenthacarus, a new genus of Histiostomatidae (Acari: Astigmata) inhabiting the pitchers ofNepenthes mirabilis(Lour.) Druce in Far North Queensland, Australia
Authors: Fashing Norman J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new genus and species,Nepenthacarus warreni, is described from adults, deutonymphs, protonymphs and larvae collected from the fluid‐filled pitchers ofNepenthes mirabilis(Lour.) Druce in northern Queensland, Australia.
Further investigations into the efficacy of Neomolgus capillatus (Kramer) (Acarina: Bdellidae) as a predator of Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae) in Tasmania
Authors: Ireson John E , Holloway Richard J , Chatterton Wade S , McCorkell Bruce E 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEfficacy data collected from dairy pastures in northern and north‐eastern Tasmania showed that the addition of the spiny snout mite, Neomolgus capillatus, into
the established predator complex resulted in effective control of autumn populations
of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis, at all study sites. Mean reductions
in S. viridis density of about 93% were recorded. However, the control
of spring populations of S. viridis was variable and less effective. Although
mean density reductions of approximately 86% were recorded, N. capillatus
and other mite predators became active too late in the season to prevent S. viridis
reaching damaging levels. These results support those of a previous study conducted
in far north‐western Tasmania, indicating that the variation in seasonal efficacy
of N. capillatus is the same throughout Tasmanian dairy pastures.
Insect flower visitors, foraging behaviour and their effectiveness as pollinators of Persoonia virgata R. Br. (Proteaceae)
Authors: Wallace Helen M , Maynard Glynn V , Trueman Stephen J 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Leioproctus species are frequent flower visitors to Proteaceae and have
been inferred as pollinators of many species of Persoonia. This study investigated
frequency of flower visitors, their behaviour and the breeding system of Persoonia
virgata. The two most frequent visitors were the native bees Trigona carbonaria
Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and females of Leioproctus (Cladocerapis) speculiferus
Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). These species have different foraging strategies
on the flowers of P. virgata and, on the basis of more frequent stigma contact,
L. speculiferus was found to be the most effective pollinator. Pollination
studies indicated that fruit set of bagged flowers (0.5% and 9.2%)
was significantly less (P < 0.001) than fruit set of control flowers left
open to visitors (24.0% and 48.9%) in two experiments, respectively.
Furthermore, flowers that were bagged and cross‐pollinated set significantly (P
< 0.001) more fruit (43.8%) than flowers that were bagged and self‐pollinated
(6.6%), suggesting partial self‐incompatibility. No significant difference
in fruit set was found between control flowers and cross‐pollinated flowers, indicating
that flower visitors of P. virgata were efficient vectors of cross‐pollen from plant to plant.