bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Social Support in the Middle Childhood to Early Adolescent Transition: Implications for Adjustment
Authors: Levitt Mary J. , Levitt Jerome , Bustos Gastón L. , Crooks Noel A. , Santos Jennifer D. , Telan Paige , Hodgetts Jennifer , Milevsky Avidan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractChildren's social networks often include close family members, extended family members, and friends, but little is known about interindividual differences in the patterning of support from these sources. In this study, we used person‐oriented analyses to differentiate patterns of support for children undergoing the transition to adolescence. Social network and adjustment data were collected for an ethnically diverse sample of 691 fourth‐ and sixth‐grade children, with a two‐year follow‐up. Cluster analyses identified one pattern of support from both close family members and friends, a second pattern of support from both close and extended family members, and a third pattern of support primarily from close family members alone. Participants receiving support from close family in combination with either extended family or friends were better adjusted than were those without multiple support resources. The results suggest that a meaningful typology of children's social networks can be developed.
A Three‐factor Model of Teasing: The Influence of Friendship, Gender, and Topic on Expected Emotional Reactions to Teasing during Early Adolescence
Authors: Jones Diane Carlson , Newman Jodi Burrus , Bautista Shenna 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis research examined the effects of three factors (friendship, gender, and topic of teasing) on adolescents’ predicted emotional reactions to hypothetical teasing episodes regarding appearance and academic competence. The 8th graders (n =131) in Study 1 made predictions regarding the negative emotions and humor experienced when teasing occurred in a same‐sex dyad of either friends or classmates. The 6th and 8th graders (n=211) in Study 2 responded to hypothetical teasing interactions between same‐sex or cross‐sex dyads of friends or classmates. The results revealed that teasing by friends was interpreted with a more benevolent frame than that accorded to classmates. Overall, girls expected greater negative affect to result from the teasing than did the boys, especially when teasing was regarding weight. Although 8th graders reported more frequent teasing at school among same‐sex peers, there were few grade differences in the predicted emotional reactions. For all students, teasing about weight was predicted to generate the most negative affect and least humor. The results support the relevance of the three factors for understanding the interpretation of teasing.
Parental Control and Affect as Predictors of Children's Display Rule Use and Social Competence with Peers
Authors: McDowell David J. , Parke Ross D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeventy‐six fourth‐grade children and their parents participated in a study of the linkages among parental control and positive affect, children's display rule use, and children's social competence with peers. Using observational measures of parental behavior and children's display rule use, it was found that parental positive affect and control were related to children's display rule use (including both positive and negative responses). Moreover, the links between parental affect and control and children's social competence one year later (as rated by teachers and peers) were found to be mediated by children's display rule use. Finally, fathers’ behavior was found to be particularly important in the prediction of children's display rule use. The importance of fathers in children's social and emotional development and the importance of examining multiple parental behaviors are discussed.
Gender‐linked Risks for Peer Physical and Relational Victimization in the Context of School‐level Poverty in First Grade
Authors: Dhami Mandeep K. , Hoglund Wendy L. , Leadbeater Bonnie J. , Boone Erin M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn a short‐term longitudinal study of 432 first‐grade children, we examined whether gender interacted with contextual differences (school‐level poverty) and individual differences at school entry (behavioral problems, emotional problems, and social competence) to predict changes in peer physical and relational victimization and receipt of prosocial acts. Gender differences in peer victimization were observed in schools with low levels of student poverty, such that girls showed significant decreases in peer victimization relative to boys. Girls in schools with high levels of student poverty were at greater risk for increases in victimization relative to girls in low‐poverty schools. Individual differences at school entry also contributed to risks for physical (but not relational) victimization. Girls with high levels of behavioral problems and boys with low levels of social competence showed increased risks for physical victimization. We discussed the implications of the present findings for school‐based peer‐victimization prevention programs.
Guardianship for people with learning disabilities: the current perspective in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Henry W. M. , Scully Paula 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWith the promotion and wider acceptance of the concept of ‘normalization’ and ‘community integration’, an increased number of adults with learning disabilities are living in the community and facing more social and health care problems. The authors describe the introduction of new guardianship laws in Hong Kong with the creation of a Guardianship Board to safeguard the interests of all those who are mentally unable to make decisions about their personal, medical or financial affairs. Some case vignettes are provided to illustrate its functions and roles. By sharing the Hong Kong experience, it is hoped that this paper can raise awareness of circumstances in countries that are planning to develop or reform their guardianship practices for people with learning disabilities.
A simple way to increase service use: triggers of women's uptake of postpartum services
Authors: Kabakian‐Khasholian Tamar , Campbell Oona M.R. 
Published: August 2005

Objective  To examine the socio‐demographic and service‐related determinants of utilisation of postpartum services.Design  Data were used from a single‐blind, randomised controlled trial aimed at changing women's knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding certain postpartum health issues by providing written information via a specially prepared booklet.Setting  Four private hospitals, two in Beirut and two in the Bekaa region, were selected. All were privately owned and one in Beirut was a teaching hospital.Sample  All women delivering a live birth in the designated hospitals during a three‐ to four‐month period were recruited into the study. Of the 503 eligible women, 450 agreed to complete the initial questionnaire and 378 completed the postpartum interviews.Methods  Eight trained female interviewers collected the baseline data. On discharge, interviewers handed each woman a sealed and numbered envelope containing the intervention booklet or the placebo leaflets. Interviewers were blind about the allocation group of women. Interviewers conducted follow up assessment at women's residence 6–20 weeks after delivery.Main outcome measures  Any postpartum visit with or without a preset appointment.Results  Multivariable analysis with adjusted ORs show that women given an appointment for their postpartum visit were more likely to having had that visit (OR = 6.8, 95% CI 6.2–7.4). In the absence of such an appointment, university education (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 2.6–4.7), information on maternal health (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 4.0–5.8) and the intervention booklet (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–3.9) were important determinants of a postpartum visit.Conclusion  Giving women appointments for postpartum visits, or written or verbal information on maternal health can increase their use of health services.
Initial Asian experience in hysteroscopic sterilisation using the Essure permanent birth control device
Authors: Chern Bernard , Siow Anthony 
Published: August 2005

Objective  To present our initial experience in the use of the Essure permanent birth control device in a predominately Asian population.Design  A retrospective study.Setting  Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.Population  Eighty women seeking permanent birth control.Methods  From 22 June 2001, women who sought sterilisation were counselled with regards to the various options of permanent birth control. Informed consent for hysteroscopic sterilisation was obtained only after the woman met the criteria for Essure permanent birth control. The sterilisation procedure was carried out without the need for general anaesthesia in a day surgery centre using the Essure permanent birth control device. The surgical details and post procedure follow up were analysed.Main outcome measures  Feasibility and safety of the Essure permanent birth control device in Asians and its non‐placement rate.Results  No serious adverse events or complications were encountered in using the Essure device. No pregnancies have been reported in our series to date. A significant reduction in the Essure device non‐placement rate (20.0%vs 4.0%, P= 0.021) and mean operation time (27.3 vs 19.6 minutes, P= 0.006) were seen when patients were pre‐medicated with spasmolytic agent and analgesia.Conclusions  The Essure permanent birth control device is safe and suitable for Asians. Its non‐placement rate may be improved with pre‐medication of spasmolytic agent and analgesia.
Circuit Mechanisms of Seizures in the Pilocarpine Model of Chronic Epilepsy: Cell Loss and Mossy Fiber Sprouting
Authors: Mello Luiz E. A. M. , Cavalheiro Esper A. , Tan Aiko M. , Kupfer William R. , Pretorius James K. , Babb Thomas L. , Finch David M. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:We used the pilocarpine model of chronic spontaneous recurrent seizures to evaluate the time course of supragranular dentate sprouting and to assess the relation between several changes that occur in epilep tic tissue with different behavioral manifestations of this experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Pilo carpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE) invariably led to cell loss in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) and to spontaneous recurrent seizures. Cell loss was often also noted in the DG and in hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3. The seizures began to appear at a mean of 15 days after SE induction (silent period), recurred at variable frequencies for each animal, and lasted for as long as the animals were allowed to survive (325 days). The granule cell layer of the DG was dispersed in epileptic animals, and neo‐Timm stains showed supra‐and intragranular mossy fiber sprouting. Supragranular mossy fiber sprout ing and dentate granule cell dispersion began to appear early after SE (as early as 4 and 9 days, respectively) and reached a plateau by 100 days. Animals with a greater degree of cell loss in hippocampal field CAS showed later onset of chronic epilepsy (r= 0.83, p < 0.0005), suggest ing that CA3 represents one of the routes for seizure spread. These results demonstrate that the pilocarpine model of chronic seizures replicates several of the fea tures of human temporal lobe epilepsy (hippocampal cell loss, suprar and intragranular mossy fiber sprouting, den tate granule cell dispersion, spontaneous recurrent sei zures) and that it may be a useful model for studying this human condition. The results also suggest that even though a certain amount of cell loss in specific areas may be essential for chronic seizures to occur, excessive cell loss may hinder epileptogenesis.
Convulsions Induced by Methyl β‐Carboline‐3‐Carboxylate in Mice: Effects of Preceding Saline Injections
Authors: Martin Benoît , Venault Patrice , Chapouthier Georges 
Published: August 2005

Summary:The convulsant effects of a high (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, i.p.) dose of benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor ligand methyl β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylate (β‐CCM), whether or not preceded by administration of two lower doses of β‐CCM (0.5 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) or of saline were studied in nine inbred mouse strains. In five of the strains (A/J, BALB/cBy, C3H/HeJ, CBA/H, and DBA/2J), neither saline nor preceding injections of β‐CCM had any effect on subsequent reactivity to the subsequent convulsant dose. In the other 4 strains, such injections induced either tolerance (CPB‐K, NZB), or sensitization (C57BL/6J, XLII), whatever the compound subsequently administered (β‐CCM or saline). In these strains, the data rule out any tolerance or sensitization effect due to β‐CCM, but suggest that such effects could be due to injection itself.
Effect of Anticysticercal Treatment on the Prognosis of Epilepsy in Neurocysticercosis: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Medina Marco T. , Genton Pierre , Montoya María C. , Córdova Sergio , Dravet Charlotte , Sotelo Julio 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Epilepsy secondary to active or inactive neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a major public health problem in Latin American countries. In an open‐label pilot trial, we evaluated and followed (mean = 13 months) 16 patients with epilepsy resulting from active NCC which was treated with anticisticercal (ACC) drugs. These patients were aged 12–68 years with confirmed active NCC and seizures not controlled by adequate antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Patients were treated with albendazole or praziquantel (ALB and PZQ, ACC drugs) and AED monotherapy. The number of NCC cysts was markedly reduced by ACC therapy. Thirteen patients remained seizure‐free and 2 had only one seizure during follow‐up. Our data suggest a positive effect of ACC treatment on the prognosis of epilepsy caused by active NCC, but a prospective, double‐blind, controlled study with long‐term follow‐up must be performed to determine whether ACC therapy improves long‐term seizure control.
Predictivity of Plasma Prolactin Levels in Differentiating Epilepsy from Pseudoseizures: A Prospective Study
Authors: Anzola Gian Paolo 
Published: August 2005

Summary:The predictivity of raised plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations in differentiating seizure from syncopal attack was prospectively assessed in all patients consecutively admitted to the Clinica Neurologica of Brescia, Italy in a 12‐month period who fulfilled the criteria for either a seizure or syncopal attack. Postictal plasma prolactin concentration (P1) was assessed as soon as possible after the event. Three further assessments were performed: P2 was sampled 1 h after P1, P3, and P4 were sampled in the morning for the next 2 days. Patients who had had a seizure showed significantly increased P1 concentrations, when P1 was sampled within 60 min of the attack. In seizure patients assessed >1 h after the event, P1 was not significantly different from either P2, P3, or P4. In patients who had had a syncopal attack, PRL concentration never increased. In patients assessed ≤60 min after the seizure, cutoff criterion of P1 exceeding by + 3 SD the mean calculated on P2, P3, and P4 yielded a positive predictive value of 89% and a negative predictive value of 61%. These findings confirm that plasma prolactin concentration is highly predictive of true epilepsy but barely predictive of pseudoseizures.
Reduced Bioavailability of Moisture‐Exposed Carbamazepine Resulting in Status Epilepticus
Authors: Bell William L. , Crawford Isaac L. , Shiu Gerald K. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:A 28‐year‐old man with seizures well controlled with carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) developed generalized convulsive status epilepticus three days after his CBZ tablets became wet during a rainstorm while he was camping out. He continued the CBZ but avoided ingesting obviously disintegrating tablets. The VPA was not exposed to excessive moisture. Previous random CBZ blood levels had been in the range of 9–13 μg/ml; at the time of admission to the emergency room the level had decreased to 3.8 μg/ml. The VPA level did not change significantly from baseline. The moistureexposed CBZ tablets were of expected weight but were swollen and enlarged. Analysis of these tablets by USP paddle method 2 demonstrated a mean dissolution of 16% at 60 min as compared with >80% for fresh CBZ tablets. After final dissolution of the moisture‐exposed CBZ tablets, normal quantities of active drug were noted. We propose that poor dissolution of moisture‐exposed CBZ tablets results in reduced bioavailability. We urge caution in the packaging and storage of CBZ to avoid exposure to moisture.
Effects of Carbamazepine on Auditory Brainstem Response, Middle‐Latency Response, and Slow Cortical Potential in Epileptic Patients
Authors: Japaridze G. , Kvernadze D. , Geladze T. , Kevanishvili Z. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Auditory brainstem responses, middle‐latency responses, and slow cortical potentials (ABRs, MLRs, SCPs) were recorded in 21 epileptic patients before and during treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ). The peaklatencies, interpeak intervals, and amplitudes were estimated and evaluated statistically. CBZ monotherapy resulted in prolongation of peak latencies of ABR waves I, III, and V as well as of interpeak intervals I–III and I–V. A significant increase in the peak‐latencies of MLR components Na, Pa, and Nb and of interpeak intervals V–Pa and Na‐Nb was also observed along with the systematic NaPa amplitude reduction. CBZ also prolonged the peaklatencies of SCP components P1 and N1. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that CBZ exerts suppressive influences both on modally specific (lemniscal) and modally nonspecific (extralemniscal) auditory structures.
Carbamazepine Effects on Preoptic GABA Release and Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Rats
Authors: Wolf Rainer , Strehle Franz , Emrich Hinderk M. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:In vivo effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the neuroendocrine preopticopituitary feedback system were studied by local application of CBZ through a push—pull cannula into the preoptic area and measurement of local effects on γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and distant effects on a subsequent biologic response: luteinizing hormone (LH). Perfusion with 8 and 12 μg CBZ/ml cerebro‐spinal fluid caused a reduction in preoptic GABA release and concomitant suppression of plasma LH levels. These results suggest a GABA component to the mechanism(s) of action of CBZ: (a) CBZ reduces extracellular available GABA concentration, and (b) owing to the known inhibitory role of preoptic GABA in pituitary LH secretion, an increase of postsynaptic GABAergic transmission by CBZ itself could be inferred.
Phenytoin and/or Stiripentol in Pregnancy: Infant Monkey Hyperexcitability
Authors: Phillips Nona K. , Lockard Joan S. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:A monkey (Macaca fascicularis) model was used to assess infant hyperexcitability after prenatal exposure to phenytoin (PHT, n = 4), stiripentol (STP, n = 5), or PHT + STP (n = 4). Adult female monkeys were equipped with tether systems and stomach catheters so that drug administration could start 1 month before mating and could be continued throughout gestation. During pregnancy, PHT and STP plasma levels were maintained between 4–12 and 4–10 μg/ml respectively (for both monotherapy and polytherapy). Infants were separated from mothers at birth and transferred to the University of Washington's (Seattle) Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL) for postnatal care and testing. Data on a hyperexcitability scale were obtained during cognitive testing for visual and cross‐modal recognition memory in 13 infant monkeys when they were between 2 weeks and 3 months of age. The data indicated that infants prenatally exposed to PHT, whether alone or in combination with STP, were at increased risk for hyperexcitability (screeching, refusing to attend to stimuli, lack of visual orientation). This was not true of infants prenatally exposed to STP monotherapy (drug group differences, p < 0.05).
GABA‐Mediated Synchronous Potentials and Seizure Generation
Authors: Avoli Massimo 
Published: August 2005

Summary: This article summarizes findings related to a synchronous, GABA‐mediated potential that may contribute to the initiation and spread of epileptiform discharges within the brain. This phenomenon is observed in cortical structures such as the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, and the neocortex during application of low concentrations of 4‐amimopyridine and is characterized at the intracellular level by a long‐lasting membrane depolarization. The synchronous, GABA‐mediated potential continues to occur after blockade of excitatory synaptic transmission and relays on the synchronous firing of inhibitory interneurons and consequent activation of postsynaptic (mainly type A) GABA receptors leading to a transient elevation of [K+]o.Studies performed in young rat hippocampus indicate that the synchronous, GABA‐mediated potential may play a role in initiating ictal discharges under normal conditions (i.e., when excitatory amino acid receptors are operant). Moreover, a similar phenomenon may also occur in adult rat entorhinal cortex. These findings therefore indicate a novel role that is played by GABAA receptors in limbic structures. The ability of this synchronous GABA‐mediated potential to propagate in the absence of excitatory synaptic transmission may also be relevant for the propagation of synchronous activity outside conventional neuronal‐synapse dependent pathways. This condition may occur in brain structures with neuronal loss and consequent disruption of normal excitatory synaptic connections such as mesial limbic structures of temporal lobe epilepsy patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis.
ILAE Classification of Epilepsies: Its Applicability and Practical Value of Different Diagnostic Categories
Authors:   Osservatorio Regionale per L'Epilessia (OREp), Lombardy
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: The study was aimed at verifying the applicability of the ILAE classification and the appropriateness of the different diagnostic categories in a large series of patients with epilepsy observed by epilepsy centers. Methods: Data concerning 10,342 patients observed by a network of 14 epilepsy centers in the Lombardy region between June 1990 and June 1994 were collected by using a simple standard form and stored in a PC database. Results: The diagnosis of epilepsy was assessed in 8,570 patients; the remaining 1,772 cases were excluded from the analysis as being affected by nonepileptic ictal events or by isolated or situation‐related seizures, including febrile and neonatal convulsions. A definite syndromic diagnosis, according to the ILAE Classification criteria, was made in 7,332 (85.5%) of 8,570 cases. Atypical features were found in 995 (11.6%) cases, who were therefore classified as uncertain; 198 (2.3%) cases remained unclassified; and in the remaining 45 patients, the diagnosis was not properly codified. The seizure‐control profile was found to be highly related to the syndromic diagnosis. The highest percentage of drug‐resistant cases was found among patients with generalized symptomatic or cryptogenic syndromes (32.3%) and among cases with partial symptomatic epilepsy (19.8%), whereas virtually no drug‐resistant cases were found among patients with idiopathic epilepsies. Conclusions: The ILAE classification was found satisfactory in the large majority of cases observed at tertiary centers; however, the appropriateness of its various items in identifying homogeneous subpopulations was uneven, being maximal for those syndromes defined by highly consistent electroclinical pictures. An early identification of the characteristic pictures of distinct epileptic syndromes appears to be a valuable prerequisite for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.