bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN KRITERIA DECISION TREE PADA PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM PRESIDEN INDONESIA
Authors: Masripah Siti , Yusuf Lestari 
Published: February 2024

In the Presidential election, gen z as a new voter, must know in advance who the presidential candidate will be in the 2024 election as well as the election process, because if voters do not know and do not understand, it will cause the wrong choice will result in their votes cannot be used even to abstain. What factors cause milennials and gen z generations to not know about elections can be determined using a decision tree. Therefore, in this study, a questionnaire was given to millennials and gen z generation to find out whether voters know the presidential candidate to be elected. The data from the questionnaire is processed to become training data and testing data with a ratio of 70:30. Then measure the accuracy level using the C4.5 algorithm with a comparison of splitting criteria, namely gain ratio, information gain and gini index. By knowing the right splitting criteria, the decision tree model can help overcome the problem of overfitting in the data. Overfitting occurs when the model is too complex in memorizing training data, thus failing to generalize well to read new data. The calculation results show the difference in accuracy values between Gain ratio, Information gain and Gini index, namely 81.67%, 83.33% and 83.33%. It can be concluded that for the use of Algorithm C4.5 splitting criteria Gain ratio and Gini index have the same accuracy value for accuracy measurement in this study.
STRATEGI PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL PEMBANGUNAN
Authors: Putri Lusy Riadina 
Published: February 2024

The national development of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) aims to realize equal distribution of people's welfare throughout the region, including border areas where until now there are still problems related to welfare. The border area essentially has a very vital and strategic meaning, at least when viewed from 3 (three) points of view, namely: defense-security, economic-trade, and socio-cultural. Therefore, a strategy is needed to improve the security of border areas according to the social perspective of development. This study used qualitative descriptive method, with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use triangulation. This research shows that the strategy that can be carried out by the Indonesian government in overcoming problems in order to improve border area security according to the social perspective of border development of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) – Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (RDTL) in Atambua, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, among others, through Economic Development, Infrastructure, Human Resource Development, Social Welfare Programs, Diplomacy and Regional Cooperation, Community Empowerment, Cultural and Social Security, Law Enforcement, and Social Security.
Elevated remnant cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations from real-world laboratory results: a cross-sectional study in Southeast Asians
Authors: Loh Wann Jia , Soh Heng Samuel , Tun Mon Hnin , Tan Pei Ting , Lau Chin Shern , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Watts Gerald F. , Aw Tar Choon 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionTriglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins (TRLs) are considered atherogenic due to the presence of remnant cholesterol, which is transported by apolipoprotein B. In clinical practice, the concentration of TRLs can be estimated by calculating remnant cholesterol or non-HDL cholesterol levels.AimThis study aims to investigate the proportion of patients who have low LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration but elevated remnant cholesterol concentration, stratified by the presence of hypertriglyceridaemia and ethnicity, using real-world hospital data. Our secondary aim is to investigate the proportion of patients with elevated non-HDL cholesterol levels using guideline-recommended goals.MethodsA 2-year retrospective study was conducted at a single centre, analyzing lipid blood tests of all patients, including directly measured LDL-C. Fasting for blood tests was not mandatory.ResultsThe study included a total of 21,605 consecutive patients with plasma lipid profiles analyzed in our hospital laboratory. The median age was 61 years. In patients with ASCVD (n = 14,704), 23.7% had an LDL-C level of &lt;1.8 mmol/L, 11.3% had elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations at ≥0.65 mmol/L, and 48.8% were at the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) goal (&lt;2.6 mmol/L). Among patients diagnosed with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with LDL-C levels of &lt;1.8 mmol/L (n = 3,484), only 11.9% had high levels of remnant cholesterol, but 96% of the ASCVD patients also achieved the recommended non-HDL-C target of &lt;2.6 mmol/L. When the LDL-C level was &lt;1.8 mmol/L, the mean concentration of remnant cholesterol was 0.214 mmol/L when the triglyceride level was &lt;1.7 mmol/L (n = 3,380), vs. 0.70 mmol/L when the triglyceride level was elevated (n = 724), p &lt; 0.001. Among patients with a triglyceride level of ≥1.7 mmol/L and an LDL-C level of &lt;.8 mmol/L, there were 254 patients with elevated remnant cholesterol concentration and 71 patients with suboptimal non-HDL levels. Malays had a higher mean remnant cholesterol concentration compared with both Chinese and Indians across all LDL-C levels, particularly in the presence of hypertriglyceridaemia.ConclusionsAn elevated remnant cholesterol concentration of &gt;0.65 mmol/L was present in 11% of all patients. The current guideline-recommended non-HDL-C goal, which uses a 0.8 mmol/L estimate of remnant cholesterol concentration, was achieved in &gt;92% of patients, suggesting that it is unlikely to be clinically useful for the majority of our patient population except where there is concomitant hypertriglyceridaemia. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate non-HDL-C goal or calculated remnant cholesterol concentration, paired with the LDL-C goal or otherwise, in a Southeast Asian population.
Enhancement effects of mangrove restoration on blue carbon storage in Qinzhou Bay
Authors: Song Wentao , Hou Yukun , Zhu Wenjuan , Fan Yaocheng , Xu Haoyu , Cai Chengyu , Li Guanghao , Huang Lin 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMangroves are the main carbon sinks in tropical regions and have high capabilities for carbon sequestration. Protection and restoration of mangroves are necessary to reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change. While the Qinzhou Bay as the main area of national mangrove restoration plan in the future, studies on its carbon pools, especially assessment of the carbon sink enhancement effect of restored mangroves along forest chronosequence, are lacking.MethodsThis study aimed to quantify the changes in restored mangrove soil carbon stock, vegetation and root carbon stocks along the forest age sequence in Qinzhou Bay through field survey.ResultsThe results revealed that the carbon stocks of vegetation and roots significantly increased with the developing forest age. Only in the soil layer above 30 cm, the soil carbon storage apparently increased with the developing forest age in non-cofferdam area, and then decreased slowly after reaching the peak (at 6 ~ 8 years). Moreover, the soil carbon storage of mangroves was greater in the cofferdam area than in the non-cofferdam area.DiscussionThis implied that the cofferdam restoration efforts may be more effective in enhancing blue carbon storage, during the initial stages of the restoration process. The results of this study suggested that mangrove restoration has substantial potential capacity in carbon storage and nutrient cycling, providing a reference for the protection and restoration efforts concerning mangroves.
Influence of PCDH9 (rs9540720) and narcissistic personality traits on the incidence of major depressive disorder in Chinese first-year university students: findings from a 2-year cohort study
Authors: Xu Ruixue , Liu Zhaorui , Li Hanyun , Luo Linlin , Zheng Yi , Mu Fuqin , Liu Yujia , Zhang Weixin , Zhang Ying , Wang Jianli , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the influence of the polymorphism of the protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) gene and the narcissistic personality trait (NPT) on the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese first-year university students.Methods: A 2-year cohort study was conducted among Chinese first-year university students who were enrolled in 2018 from two universities in Shandong Province, China. The snapshot technique was used to detect the genotypes of PCDH9 (rs9540720). The Chinese version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used for the MDD assessment. The NPTs were measured by 11 items based on DSM-IV. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression modeling was carried out to examine the relationship between rs9540720, NPTs, and the incidence of MDD.Results: A total of 5,327 students participated in the baseline and follow-up studies and provided their blood samples. PCDH9 (rs9540720) (ORGG+GA = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.35–4.02) and NPTs (OR5–9 = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.40–3.64) increased the risk of MDD onset. There was no multiplicative interaction between NPTs and Rs9540720 (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.30–7.63). Furthermore, there was no additive interaction between them (RERI = 2.40, 95% CI: –0.82–5.62; AP = 0.47, 95% CI: –0.04–0.97; and S = 2.37, 95% CI: 0.54–10.33).Conclusion:PCDH9 (rs9540720) and more NPTs are the risk factors for the incidence of MDD in Chinese first-year university students.
An approach to unified formulae for likelihood ratio calculation in pairwise kinship analysis
Authors: Ma Guanju , Wang Qian , Cong Bin , Li Shujin 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The likelihood ratio (LR) can be an efficient means of distinguishing various relationships in forensic fields. However, traditional list-based methods for derivation and presentation of LRs in distant or complex relationships hinder code editing and software programming. This paper proposes an approach for a unified formula for LRs, in which differences in participants’ genotype combinations can be ignored for specific identification. This formula could reduce the difficulty of by-hand coding, as well as running time of large-sample-size simulation.Methods: The approach is first applied to a problem of kinship identification in which at least one of the participants is alleged to be inbred. This can be divided into two parts: i) the probability of different identical by descent (IBD) states according to the alleged kinship; and ii) the ratio of the probability that specific genotype combination can be detected assuming the alleged kinship exists between the two participants to the similar probability assuming that they are unrelated, for each state. For the probability, there are usually recognized results for common identification purposes. For the ratio, subscript letters representing IBD alleles of individual A’s alleles are used to eliminate differences in genotype combinations between the two individuals and to obtain a unified formula for the ratio in each state. The unification is further simplified for identification cases in which it is alleged that both of the participants are outbred. Verification is performed to show that the results obtained with the unified and list-form formulae are equivalent.Results: A series of unified formulae are derived for different identification purposes, based on which an R package named KINSIMU has been developed and evaluated for use in large-size simulations for kinship analysis. Comparison between the package with two existing tools indicated that the unified approach presented here is more convenient and time-saving with respect to the coding process for computer applications compared with the list-based approach, despite appearing more complicated. Moreover, the method of derivation could be extended to other identification problems, such as those with different hypothesis sets or those involving multiple individuals.Conclusion: The unified approach of LR calculation can be beneficial in kinship identification field.
Inflammatory cytokines and oral lichen planus: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Simin , Wu Xiao , Lei Yuxi , Lei Bing , Zhao Zhibai 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundInflammatory cytokines have long been considered closely related to the development of oral lichen planus (OLP), and we further explored the causal relationship between the two by Mendelian randomization (MR) method.MethodsWe performed bidirectional MR analyses by large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The data included a large-scale OLP dataset, as well as datasets of 41 inflammatory cytokines. All data were obtained from the University of Bristol database, which includes 41 inflammatory cytokines, and the GWAS Catalog database, which includes 91 inflammatory cytokines. OLP data were obtained from the Finngen database, which includes 6411 cases and 405770 healthy controls. We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger method, weighted median method, simple mode method and weighted mode method to analyze the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and OLP, and we also combined with sensitivity analysis to further verify the robustness of the results. We performed a meta-analysis of positive or potentially positive results for the same genes to confirm the reliability of the final results.ResultsWe primarily used the IVW analysis method, corrected using the Benjamin Hochberg (BH) method. When p&lt;0.00038 (0.05/132), the results are significantly causal; when 0.00038&lt;p&lt;0.05, the results are potentially causal. We found a total of 7 inflammatory cytokines with significant or potential associations with OLP (University of Bristol database: 2, GWAS Catalog database: 5). In the reverse analysis, we found that a total of 30 inflammatory cytokines were significantly or potentially associated with OLP (University of Bristol database: 5, GWAS Catalog database: 25). After sensitivity analysis and meta-analysis, we finally determined that there was a causal relationship between a total of 3 inflammatory cytokines and OLP in the forward analysis, the most significant of which was FGF21 (p=0.02954, odds ratio (OR): 1.113, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.011-1.226). In the reverse analysis, 14 inflammatory cytokines were causally associated with OLP, the most significant of which was PLAU (p=0.00002, OR: 0.951, 95%CI: 0.930-0.973).ConclusionThere is a causal association between OLP and some inflammatory cytokines, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP and require further attention.
Systematic analysis of MASP-1 serves as a novel immune-related biomarker in sepsis and trauma followed by preliminary experimental validation
Authors: Xian Lina , Cheng Shaowen , Chen Wei , Zhong Changhui , Hu Zhihua , Deng Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDysregulated immune response in trauma and sepsis leads to the abnormal activation of the complement and coagulation systems. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) activates the lectin pathway of the complement system and mediates proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions. However, the potential effects of MASP-1 in trauma and sepsis have not yet been explored.MethodsWe obtained five sepsis, two trauma, and one sepsis and trauma RNA-sequencing dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the expression pattern, biological functions, and diagnostic value of MASP-1 in trauma and sepsis. Additionally, we investigated the association between MASP-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of trauma and sepsis. Furthermore, we collected clinical specimens to preliminarily validate the expression level and diagnostic efficacy of MASP-1 as well as the correlation of MASP-1 with clinical features of trauma and sepsis. Subsequently, we conducted a correlation analysis among MASP-1, immune cell infiltration, and immune and molecular pathways. Finally, we mechanistically analyzed the relationship among MASP-1, specific immune cells, and pivotal molecular pathways.ResultsMASP-1 expression was significantly upregulated in the trauma/sepsis samples compared to the control samples in the GEO datasets. MASP-1 exhibited excellent diagnostic values (AUC &gt; 0.7) in multiple datasets and at multiple time points and could efficiently distinguish trauma/sepsis samples from the control samples. Moreover, MASP-1 expression was significantly positively correlated with the severity of the disease (APACHE-II, CRP, and neutrophil levels). These results were further validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that MASP-1 primarily promotes trauma and sepsis via the immune-related signaling pathway. MASP-1 was significantly correlated with the infiltration of specific immune cells (such as B cells, CD8 T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and infiltrating lymphocytes) and immune and molecular pathways (such as checkpoint, HLA, IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, necrosis, T-cell co-inhibition, and T-cell co-stimulation). Finally, analysis of the transcription and single-cell data revealed that MASP-1 was specifically expressed in T cells, and further correlation analysis revealed a close correlation between MASP-1 expression, proportion of CD8 T cells, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling scores.ConclusionOur results suggest that MASP-1 can serve as an immune-related biomarker for the diagnosis and disease severity of trauma and sepsis. It may activate the IL6 JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway and promote CD8 T-cell depletion to trigger traumatic sepsis.
Oral_voting_transfer: classification of oral microorganisms’ function proteins with voting transfer model
Authors: Bao Wenzheng , Liu Yujun , Chen Baitong 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe oral microbial group typically represents the human body’s highly complex microbial group ecosystem. Oral microorganisms take part in human diseases, including Oral cavity inflammation, mucosal disease, periodontal disease, tooth decay, and oral cancer. On the other hand, oral microbes can also cause endocrine disorders, digestive function, and nerve function disorders, such as diabetes, digestive system diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease. It was noted that the proteins of oral microbes play significant roles in these serious diseases. Having a good knowledge of oral microbes can be helpful in analyzing the procession of related diseases. Moreover, the high-dimensional features and imbalanced data lead to the complexity of oral microbial issues, which can hardly be solved with traditional experimental methods.MethodsTo deal with these challenges, we proposed a novel method, which is oral_voting_transfer, to deal with such classification issues in the field of oral microorganisms. Such a method employed three features to classify the five oral microorganisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, abiotrophy adjacent, bifidobacterial, and Capnocytophaga. Firstly, we utilized the highly effective model, which successfully classifies the organelle’s proteins and transfers to deal with the oral microorganisms. And then, some classification methods can be treated as the local classifiers in this work. Finally, the results are voting from the transfer classifiers and the voting ones.Results and discussionThe proposed method achieved the well performances in the five oral microorganisms. The oral_voting_transfer is a standalone tool, and all its source codes are publicly available at https://github.com/baowz12345/voting_transfer.
Associations between plasma metal elements and risk of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Binbin , Yang Fuwen , Shang Kaijian , Chen Shaowei , Zhang Yue 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe relationship between plasma metal elements and cognitive function is unclear, especially in extremely older individuals. This present study aimed to explore the association between plasma metal concentrations and the risk of cognitive impairment (CI) in Chinese extremely older adults.MethodsIndividuals aged ≥90 years with plasm metal concentration data from the fifth wave of the 2008 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included. Plasma selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Cognitive function was assessed by the Chinese version of the mini-mental state examination.ResultsThe study enrolled 408 participants. Participants with CI had significantly lower plasma Se, Mn, and Fe levels and higher Ca levels than those with normal cognitive function (p &lt; 0.05). Plasma Se, Mn, Ca, and Fe concentrations were significantly associated with CI risk in both single- and multiple-element logistic regression models. Additionally, the multiple-element model results showed that the adjusted odds ratios for CI were 0.042 (95% confidence interval 0.016–0.109), 0.106 (0.044–0.255), 7.629 (3.211–18.124) and 0.092 (0.036–0.233) for the highest quartiles compared to the lowest quartiles of Se, Mn, Ca, and Fe, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analyses by age, sex, and body mass index suggested a consistent significant correlation (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionTherefore, decreased plasma Se, Mn, and Fe and increased plasma Ca levels were associated with CI risk in Chinese older adults. These findings are of great significance for the development of programs to delay cognitive decline in the elderly.
Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation improves spatial memory and modulates hippocampal neural oscillations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Guo Zhongsheng , Xu Yihao , Mi Jinrui , Liu Jun , Li Zichun , Xie Xiaofeng , Xu Guizhi 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionIn our study, we applied transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS), a technique based on focused ultrasound stimulation within a static magnetic field, in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to explore the feasibility of TMAS on improving AD related spatial memory deficits and abnormal neural oscillations.MethodsThe mice treated with TMAS once daily for 21 days. We recorded local field potential signals in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice after TMAS treatment with in-vivo electrophysiology and evaluated the neural rehabilitative effect of TMAS with sharp-wave ripple (SWR), gamma oscillations during SWRs, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). The spatial memory function of the mice was examined by the Morris water maze (MWM) task.ResultsWe found that TMAS improved the performance of MWM related spatial cognitive functions compared with AD group. Furthermore, our results implied that TMAS alleviated abnormalities in hippocampal SWRs, increased slow gamma power during SWRs, and promoted theta-slow gamma phase-amplitude coupling. These findings suggest that TMAS could have a positive influence on spatial memory through the modulation of neural oscillations.DiscussionThis work emphasizes the potential of TMAS to serve as a non-invasive method for Alzheimer's disease rehabilitation and promote the application of TMAS for the treatment of more neurological and brain aging diseases in the future.