bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suomalainen identiteetti ja arvot: sosiaalipsykologista historiaa
Authors: Helkama Klaus 
Published: January 2025

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaisten arvoja ja arvomuutosta Schwartzin arvomallin valossa ja koetetaan löytää uusia tapoja mitata yhteiseksi koettuja (kansallis)arvoja. Edustavilla otoksilla tehtyjen sana-assosiaatiotestin, autostereotypiatutkimusten sekä historiatietoisuutta koskevan tutkimuksen pohjalta kansallisarvoihin luettiin protestanttiset arvot (koulutus, tasa-arvo, työ, rehellisyys), luontoarvot (yhteys luontoon, oma rauha, luonnonsuojelu, luonnon kauneus) sekä turvallisuusarvo maanpuolustus. Muut arvot muodostuivat yhteisiksi arvoiksi jo kansallista identiteettiä rakennettaessa 1800-luvulla, maanpuolustus vasta 1939-40. Erityisesti analysoitiin yksilöllisten arvojen ja kansallisarvojen vuorovaikutusta muutoksen selittämisessä, aineistoina aikuisia edustavat Puohiniemen neljä valtakunnallista otosta 1995-2015 ja HY:n sosiaalipsykologian yksikön neljä otosta Pyhtäältä 1975-2007. Hypoteesi, että kansallisarvot vahvistuvat epävarmoiksi koetuissa oloissa, sai tukea molemmista aineistoista, kun kansallisarvoihin kuuluva tasa-arvo tuli tärkeämmäksi 2000-luvun alkuvuosina, vastoin Schwartzin mallin oletuksia. Itseohjautuvuusarvojen ja turvallisuusarvojen samanaikainen vahvistuminen 2010-luvulla ei myöskään sovi vallitseviin teorioihin, mutta olisi selitettävissä yksilöllisten ja kansallisarvojen vuorovaikutuksen avulla. Kirjallisuuden tarkastelusta johdettiin myöhempää tutkimusta varten oletus, että kansallinen identiteetti voi vaihdella reflektiivisyydeltään ja suomalainen identiteetti saattaisi sijoittua reflektiivisyysasteikon yläpäähän, mitä selittäisi koulutus yhteisenä arvona sekä Suomen virallinen kaksikielisyys.
Zarządzenia pracodawcy a należyta staranność lekarza wykonującego zawód na podstawie stosunku pracy (cz. II)
Authors: Goldiszewicz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2025

One of the acceptable forms in which the medical profession may be practiced is within the framework of an employment relationship. Often, this may lead to a conflict between the employer's order and the statutory directives that every doctor should follow when undertaking professional activity. Their source may be the employer's orders, usually appearing against the background of the economic profit and loss account. The key to solving this problem is to establish a desired pattern of conduct that significantly limits the scope of duties of a doctor under an employment relationship, in conditions of the employee's subordination to the employer. Proper reconstruction of the pattern allows us to come closer to answering the question whether the provision of health services in the manner desired by the employer does not lead to its violation. In effect, the aim is to counteract the potential risk of a doctor exposing himself to professional, civil or criminal liability.
EFFECT ON THE SURGICAL FIELD QUALITY DURING FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY BY USE OF INTRAVENOUS AND TOPICAL TRANEXAMIC ACID
Authors: Haq Inamul , Asim Umar , Majeed Mian Amer , Malik Usman Afzal , Younus Muhibullah , Liaqat Tahir , Akram Junaid , Asad Hamza 
Published: January 2025

Background: The patients had trauma or hemorrhage condition, tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to decrease mortality. Intraoperative bleed is one of the major challenge a surgeon encounters during FESS. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of local or intravenous tranexamic acid on surgical field quality and about need for transfusions.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) administration on surgical field quality, intraoperative blood loss, and the need for transfusions during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
Methods: Seventy people with chronic sinusitis participated in the prospective observational research, which was carried out at department of ENT and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Thirty-five patients in the one group administrated with intravenous TXA and thirty-five received topical TXA before surgery. Boezaart grading system was used to assess the quantity of blood loss and quality of the operative field at fifteen, thirty and forty-five minutes during surgery.
Results: In all, there were 31 male patients and 39 female patients. The patients' ages ranged from 50.97±10.97 years and 52.47±10.48 years enrolled in intravenous and topical TXA administration groups. After 45 minutes after the start of surgery, most patients in the intravenous group (17.1%) were in grade II, whereas only 2.9% of those in the topical TXA group were at that point. Furthermore, there was considerably less bleeding in the topical group compared to the intravenous group across all time points studied (P = 0.00). The postoperative timings are statistically significant between intravenous and topical TXA groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of topical TXA prior to FESS in patients with rhinosinusitis significantly decreases blood loss and enhances visibility in the sinus cavity. These findings suggest that within 30 minutes of administration, topical TXA may help create a good surgical field.
Impact of Fenugreek Seed Powder Supplementation on Growth Performance in Commercial Broilers Exposed to Dexamethasone
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Ambwani Tanuj Kumar , Ambwani Sonu , Huozha Ruokuobeinuo , Das Arup Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of fenugreek seed powder supplementation on the growth performance of commercial broilers exposed to dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid known to induce stress and suppress growth.
Study Design: A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks (Vencobb) were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, each with three replicates of 12 birds, for a 42-days trial, receiving different dietary treatments, including a control diet, dexamethasone treatment and diets supplemented with fenugreek seed powder (FSP).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted for 42 days at the Instructional Poultry Farm of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, located in Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand
Methodology: The treatment groups included: T1 (Control) - standard diet; T2 - standard diet with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg body weight); T3 - standard diet with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg body weight) and FSP (1% of the diet); and T4 - standard diet with FSP (1% of the diet). Growth parameters such as body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured over a period of 42 days of all the four groups.
Results: The results demonstrated that dexamethasone treatment in the T2 group led to a noticeable reduction in weight gain. On the other hand, broilers in the T3 and T4 groups, supplemented with 1% FSP, showed significant improvements in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion efficiency compared to those without FSP or subjected to dexamethasone alone (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Dexamethasone exposure significantly reduced growth performance, while fenugreek seed powder supplementation mitigated these negative effects. Broilers receiving FSP demonstrated improved body weight gain and FCR compared to the dexamethasone-only and control groups. The findings suggest that incorporating FSP into broiler diets enhances growth performance and mitigates the adverse effects of dexamethasone-induced stress, making it a valuable dietary intervention under both normal and stressful conditions.Further research on optimal dosage and long-term effects is recommended.
Progress of Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Environmental Adaptivity
Authors: Liu Luyun , Wu Mengjie , Zhao Weitao , Tao Jin , Zhou Xinran , Xiong Jiaqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a distributed environmental energy harvesting device, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) inevitably encounter different and extreme application scenarios, such as environment with high temperature, high humidity, corrosion condition, frequent mechanical stimulus, and physical damages, which resulting in triboelectric performance degradation either by damaging device structure or reducing surface potential, and accelerating dissipation of surface bound charge. Therefore, tremendous efforts are dedicated to improving the TENG performance, enabling devices are competent in sustaining various challenging conditions. This review summarizes and highlights the latest research progress of strategy to achieve TENGs with high environmental adaptivity in three representative application fields of interfacial devices, wearable devices and implantable devices, aiming to gain insights in terms of material selection, structural design, preparation technology, working mode and integration strategy. The future development of the TENG would transform from static to dynamic device that possesses multifunction, high stability, autonomous response and actuation ability to adapt complex application environment. It is hoped that this review article could steer the development of environment‐adaptive TENGs to a higher level.
Biomaterials Elicit Pyroptosis Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Jie , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Han Lin‐Lin , Liu Xin‐Yang , Xie Yun‐Yun , Xu Zhigang , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of malignant tumors, but its effectiveness is limited by the low immune response rate and immune‐related adverse events. Pyroptosis, as an inflammatory programmed cell death type, triggers strong acute inflammatory response and antitumor immunity, converting “cold” tumors to “hot”. Particularly, biomaterials loading pyroptosis inducers targeting the tumor microenvironment to engineer pyroptosis, have achieved great progress in recent years. Herein, the design strategy, mechanism pathway, and role of biomaterials to induce pyroptosis in cancer immunotherapy are comprehensively reviewed. The present review focuses on the application of biomaterials‐induced pyroptosis in cancer immunotherapy, including nanogel, polymer prodrug, nanovesicle, and mesoporous material. Additionally, the synthesis of a series of stimuli‐responsive nanoplatforms, including glutathione‐responsive, pH‐responsive, reactive oxygen species‐responsive, and enzyme‐mimicking catalytic performance, is described. Meanwhile, it augments multiple immune response processes of cell uptake, antigen presentation, T‐cell activation, and expansion. Finally, the perspectives of pyroptosis‐mediated inflammation to break through the tumor vascular basement membrane barrier achieving efficient volcanic penetration of biomaterials are discussed. Artificial intelligence, multi‐omics analysis, and anthropogenic animal models of organoids are presented, aiming to provide guidance and assistance for constructing effective and controllable pyroptosis‐engineered biomaterials and improving tumor immunotherapy.
Copper Nanodots‐Based Hybrid Hydrogels with Multiple Enzyme Activities for Acute and Infected Wound Repair
Authors: Cui Yuyu , Zhang Wei , Shan Jie , He Jia , Niu Qiang , Zhu Can , Wang Wenqi , Chen Xu‐Lin , Wang Xianwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEffectively controlling bacterial infection, reducing the inflammation and promoting vascular regeneration are all essential strategies for wound repair. Nanozyme technology has potential applications in the treatment of infections because its non‐antibiotic dependent, topical and noninvasive nature. In wound management, copper‐based nanozymes have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, an ultrasmall cupric enzyme with high enzymatic activity is synthesized and added to a nontoxic, self‐healing, injectable cationic guar gum (CG) hydrogel network. The nanozyme exhibits remarkable antioxidant properties under neutral conditions, effectively scavenging reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). Under acidic conditions, Cu NDs have peroxide (POD) enzyme‐like activity, which allows them to eliminate hydrogen peroxides and produce free radicals locally. Antibacterial experiments show that they can kill bacteria and remove biofilms. It reveals that low concentrations of Cu ND/CG decrease the expression of the inflammatory factors in cells and tissues, effectively controlling inflammatory responses. Cu ND/CG hydrogels also inhibit HIF‐1α and promote VEGF expression in the wound with the ability to promote vascular regeneration. In vivo safety assessments reveal a favorable biosafety profile. Cu ND/CG hydrogels offer a promising solution for treating acute and infected wounds, highlighting the potential of innovative nanomaterials in wound healing.
Scalable Photochromic Film for Solar Heat and Daylight Management
Authors: Meng Weihao , Kragt Augustinus J. J. , Gao Yingtao , Brembilla Eleonora , Hu Xiaowen , van der Burgt Julia S. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Klein Tillmann , Zhou Guofu , van den Ham Eric R. , Tan Longfei , Li Laifeng , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe adaptive control of sunlight through photochromic smart windows could have a huge impact on the energy efficiency and daylight comfort in buildings. However, the fabrication of inorganic nanoparticle and polymer composite photochromic films with a high contrast ratio and high transparency/low haze remains a challenge. Here, a solution method is presented for the in situ growth of copper‐doped tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in polymethyl methacrylate, which allows a low‐cost preparation of photochromic films with a high luminous transparency (luminous transmittance Tlum = 91%) and scalability (30 × 350 cm2). High modulation of visible light (ΔTlum = 73%) and solar heat (modulation of solar transmittance ΔTsol = 73%, modulation of solar heat gain coefficient ΔSHGC = 0.5) of the film improves the indoor daylight comfort and energy efficiency. Simulation results show that low‐e windows with the photochromic film applied can greatly enhance the energy efficiency and daylight comfort. This photochromic film presents an attractive strategy for achieving more energy‐efficient buildings and carbon neutrality to combat global climate change.
Laser Synthesis of PtMo Single‐Atom Alloy Electrode for Ultralow Voltage Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yuan Haifeng , Jiang Di , Li Zhimeng , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Zhenfei , Zhang Xuzihan , Zhao Lili , Huang Man , Liu Hong , Song Kepeng , Zhou Weijia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaximizing atom‐utilization efficiency and high current stability are crucial for the platinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the Pt single‐atom anchored molybdenum (Mo) foil (Pt‐SA/Mo‐L) as a single‐atom alloy electrode is synthesized by the laser ablation strategy. The local thermal effect with fast rising–cooling rate of laser can achieve the single‐atom distribution of the precious metals (e.g., Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru) onto the Mo foil. The synthesized self‐standing Pt‐SA/Mo‐L electrode exhibits splendid catalytic activity (31 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and high‐current‐density stability (≈850 mA cm−2 for 50 h) for HER in acidic media. The strong coordination of Pt‐Mo bonding in Pt‐SA/Mo‐L is critical for the efficient and stable HER. In addition, the ultralow electrolytic voltage of 0.598 V to afford the current density of 50 mA cm−2 is realized by utilization of the anodic molybdenum oxidation instead of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here a universal synthetic strategy of single‐atom alloys (PtMo, RhMo, IrMo, and RuMo) as self‐standing electrodes is provided for ultralow voltage and membrane‐free hydrogen production.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Based Macrophage‐Like Nanoparticles for Targeted Photothermal Therapy and Virus Transmission Blockage in Monkeypox
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Wei , Zhao Lu , Li Mengjun , Yan Dingyuan , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Jie , Gao Qiuxia , Feng Yi , Zheng Judun , Shu Bowen , Yan Yan , Wang Jiamei , Wang Huanhuan , He Lingjie , Wu Yunxia , Zhou Sitong , Qin Xinchi , Chen Wentao , Qiu Kaizhen , Shen Chenguang , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong , Liao Yuhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recent prevalence of monkeypox has led to the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Monkeypox lesions are typically ulcers or pustules (containing high titers of replication‐competent virus) in the skin and mucous membranes, which allow monkeypox virus to transmit predominantly through intimate contact. Currently, effective clinical treatments for monkeypox are lacking, and strategies for blocking virus transmission are fraught with drawbacks. Herein, this work constructs a biomimetic nanotemplate (termed TBD@M NPs) with macrophage membranes as the coat and polymeric nanoparticles loading a versatile aggregation‐induced emission featured photothermal molecule TPE‐BT‐DPTQ as the core. In a surrogate mouse model of monkeypox (vaccinia‐virus‐infected tail scarification model), intravenously injected TBD@M NPs show precise tracking and near‐infrared region II fluorescence imaging of the lesions. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the virus is eliminated by the photothermal effect and the infected wound heals rapidly. More importantly, the inoculation of treated lesion tissue suspensions does not trigger tail infection or inflammatory activation in healthy mice, indicating successful blockage of virus transmission. This study demonstrates for the first time monkeypox theranostics using nanomedicine, and may bring a new insight into the development of a viable strategy for monkeypox management in clinical trials.
A Machine Learning Study on High Thermal Conductivity Assisted to Discover Chalcogenides with Balanced Infrared Nonlinear Optical Performance
Authors: Wu Qingchen , Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExploration of novel nonlinear optical (NLO) chalcogenides with high laser‐induced damage thresholds (LIDT) is critical for mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) solid‐state laser applications. High lattice thermal conductivity (κL) is crucial to increasing LIDT yet often neglected in the search for NLO crystals due to lack of accurate κL data. A machine learning (ML) approach to predict κL for over 6000 chalcogenides is hereby proposed. Combining ML‐generated κL data and first‐principles calculation, a high‐throughput screening route is initiated, and ten new potential mid‐IR NLO chalcogenides with optimal bandgap, NLO coefficients, and thermal conductivity are discovered, in which Li2SiS3 and AlZnGaS4 are highlighted. Big‐data analysis on structural chemistry proves that the chalcogenides having dense and simple lattice structures with low anisotropy, light atoms, and strong covalent bonds are likely to possess higher κL. The four‐coordinated motifs in which central cations show the bond valence sum of +2 to +3 and are from IIIA, IVA, VA, and IIB groups, such as those in diamond‐like defect‐chalcopyrite chalcogenides, are preferred to fulfill the desired structural chemistry conditions for balanced NLO and thermal properties. This work provides not only an efficient strategy but also interpretable research directions in the search for NLO crystals with high thermal conductivity.
Lightweight Nanofiber‐Reinforced Pyrrole‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Pressure Sensor and Oil/Water Separation Material
Authors: Qin Zhen , Wang Ziwen , Li Dan , Zhao Biao , Lv Yuhuan , Pan Kai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe mechanical brittleness of graphene aerogel becomes the main defect that restrains their multifunctional application due to the strong π–π stacking and Van der Waals forces between graphene nanosheets. Herein, a novel and simple 1D nanofiber‐reinforced 2D pyrrole‐reduced graphene oxide (GO) to construct a 3D graphene aerogel (GA) is developed. The pyrrole effectively reduces GO to graphene and the in situ polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) can improve the conductivity of GA. Benefiting from the synergistic reinforcement of cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun nanofiber and crosslinker PPy on the graphene framework, the lightweight GA exhibits satisfactory mechanical properties. The assembled flexible piezoresistive sensor shows a high sensitivity of 32.39 kPa−1 and a wide detection range of up to 65.3 kPa, which can be able to withstand more than 10 000 loading‐unloading cycles. It has a broad application prospect in human motion and health signal monitoring as a high‐performance wearable pressure sensor. Particularly, the porous GA is also proved to be a high‐efficiency oil/water separation material with a strong adsorption capacity (56.9–115.2 g g−1) for various oils and organic solvents.
Exploiting the donor‐acceptor‐additive interaction's morphological effect on the performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Chen Lu , Ma Ruijie , Yi Jicheng , Dela Peña Top Archie , Li Hongxiang , Wei Qi , Yan Cenqi , Wu Jiaying , Li Mingjie , Cheng Pei , Yan He , Zhang Guangye , Li Gang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have demonstrated over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE) with the help of material innovation and device optimization. Co‐working with newly designed materials, traditional solvent additives, 1‐chloronaphthalene (CN), and 1,8‐diodooctane (DIO) are still powerful in morphology modulation towards satisfying efficiencies. Here, we chose recently reported high‐performance polymer donors (PM6 & D18‐Fu) and small molecular acceptors (Y6 & L8‐BO) as active layer materials and processed them by different conditions (CN or DIO or none). Based on corresponding 12 groups of device results, and their film morphology characterizations (both ex‐situ and in‐situ ones), the property‐performance relationships are revealed case by case. It is thereby supposed to be taken as a successful attempt to demonstrate the importance and complexity of donor‐acceptor‐additive interaction, since the device performance and physics analyses are also tightly combined with morphology variation. Furthermore, ternary blend construction for PCE improvement provides an approaching 19% level and showcases the potential of understanding‐guided‐optimization (UGO) in the future of OSCs.
Allylation of C‐, N‐, and O‐Nucleophiles via a Mechanochemically‐Driven Tsuji–Trost Reaction Suitable for Late‐Stage Modification of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Templ Johanna , Schnürch Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present the first solvent‐free, mechanochemical protocol for a palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji–Trost allylation. This approach features exceptionally low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %), short reaction times (<90 min), and a simple setup, eliminating the need for air or moisture precautions, making the process highly efficient and environmentally benign. We introduce solid, nontoxic, and easy‐to‐handle allyl trimethylammonium salts as valuable alternative to volatile or hazardous reagents. Our approach enables the allylation of various O‐, N‐, and C‐nucleophiles in yields up to 99 % even for structurally complex bioactive compounds, owing to its mild conditions and exceptional functional group tolerance.