bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin‐Inspired, Highly Sensitive, Broad‐Range‐Response and Ultra‐Strong Gradient Ionogels Prepared by Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Hao Shuai , Chen Zhiyan , Li Haozhe , Yuan Jushigang , Chen Xihao , Sidorenko Alexander , Huang Jiang , Gu Yanlong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSkin, characterized by its distinctive gradient structure and interwoven fibers, possesses remarkable mechanical properties and highly sensitive attributes, enabling it to detect an extensive range of stimuli. Inspired by these inherent qualities, a pioneering approach involving the crosslinking of macromolecules through in situ electron beam irradiation (EBI) is proposed to fabricate gradient ionogels. Such a design offers remarkable mechanical properties, including excellent tensile properties (>1000%), exceptional toughness (100 MJ m−3), fatigue resistance, a broad temperature range (−65–200°C), and a distinctive gradient modulus change. Moreover, the ionogel sensor exhibits an ultra‐fast response time (60 ms) comparable to skin, an incredibly low detection limit (1 kPa), and an exceptionally wide detection range (1 kPa–1 MPa). The exceptional gradient ionogel material holds tremendous promise for applications in the field of smart sensors, presenting a distinct strategy for fabricating flexible gradient materials.
Softening Behavior of a Cold Work Tool Steel and High‐Boron Tool Steel Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Yuan Miwen , Nyborg Lars , Oikonomou Christos , Karamchedu Seshendra , Fan Yicheng , Liu Libin , Cao Yu 
Published: December 2023

Prolonging the life of hot stamping dies in the automotive industry is challenging. Surface modification is an effective way to improve the durability of the dies. In this study, two tool steel grades, one cold work tool steel (V4E) and one high‐boron tool steel (HBS), are deposited on a tool steel substrate using directed energy deposition, followed by tempering. Softening behavior at high temperatures of 550 and 600 °C is investigated. In the key findings, it is revealed that both steels exhibit remarkable hardness, surpassing the substrate even after extended exposure to high temperatures. HBS shows excellent softening resistance in terms of hardness at 550 °C but experiences a significant drop at 600 °C. V4E demonstrates an overall superior softening resistance due to its thermal stable MC (M represents metal) carbides and the relatively stable dislocation density. Microstructural analysis highlights some unique features, such as borides in HBS and dendritic structures in V4E. In this study, the correlation between microstructure characteristics and hardness evolution is revealed, providing some insights into how these materials resist softening to enhance the longevity and performance of hot stamping dies.
Effect of reactive coarse recycled aggregate with different expansion history on alkali silica reactivity and mechanical properties of new concrete
Authors: Moghimi Saeid , Yuksel Cihat , Ramyar Kambiz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecycled concrete aggregates (RCA) provide an environmentally friendly solution by reducing the depletion of natural resources. This study investigates the impact of the expansion history of RCA on its reactivity with alkalis in newly produced concrete. Parent concrete samples were collected from the RILEM AAR‐4 curing cabinet (60°C and >90% RH) to produce coarse RCA with four different expansion levels (0.00%, 0.05%, 0.12%, and 0.20%). The results show that the expansion levels of the new concrete mixtures decreased as the ASR expansion history of parent concrete increased. The 20‐week compressive strength and elastic modulus of the reactive aggregate concrete containing no mineral admixture and exposed to AAR‐4 test conditions were lower than those of their water‐cured counterparts. However, no decrease was observed in the elastic modulus of concrete mixtures that showed an expansion level lower than 0.03% (the maximum expansion for nonreactive aggregate as recommended by the RILEM AAR‐4 standard).
A contemporary analysis of 20,086 deceased donor liver biopsies
Authors: Wang Benjamin K. , Chen Alyssa Y. , Prasadh Jai , Desai Drewv , Shubin Andrew D. , Raschzok Nathanael , MacConmara Malcolm , Ivanics Tommy , Cotter Thomas , Hwang Christine , Shah Jigesh A. , Mufti Arjmand , Vagefi Parsia A. , Hanish Steven I. , Patel Madhukar S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPre‐transplant deceased donor liver biopsy may impact decision making; however, interpretation of the results remains variable and depends on accepting center practice patterns.MethodsIn this cohort study, adult recipients from 04/01/2015–12/31/2020 were identified using the UNOS STARfile data. The deceased donor liver biopsies were stratified by risk based on degree of fibrosis, macrovesicular fat content, and level of portal infiltration (low‐risk: no fibrosis, no portal infiltrates, and <30% macrosteatosis; moderate‐risk: some fibrosis or mild infiltrates and <30% macrosteatosis; high‐risk: most fibrosis, moderate/marked infiltrates, or ≥30% macrosteatosis). Graft utilization, donor risk profile, and recipient outcomes were compared across groups.ResultsOf the 51,094 donor livers available, 20,086 (39.3%) were biopsied, and 34,606 (67.7%) were transplanted. Of the transplanted livers, 14,908 (43.1%) were biopsied. The transplanted grafts had lower mean macrovesicular fat content (9.3% transplanted vs. 26.9% non‐transplanted, P < 0.001) and less often had any degree of fibrosis (20.9% vs. 39.9%, P < 0.001) or portal infiltration (51.3% vs. 58.2%, P < 0.001) versus non‐transplanted grafts. Post‐transplant recipient LOS (14.2 days high‐risk vs. 15.2 days low‐risk, P = 0.170) and 1‐year graft survival (90.5% vs. 91.7%, P = 0.137) did not differ significantly between high‐ versus low‐risk groups. Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates further revealed no differences in the 5‐year graft survival across risk strata (P = 0.833). Of the 5178 grafts biopsied and turned down, PSM revealed 1338 (26.0%) were potentially useable based on biopsy results and donor characteristics.ConclusionCarefully matched deceased donor livers with some fibrosis, inflammation, or steatosis ≥30% may be suitable for transplantation. Further study of this group of grafts may decrease turndowns of potentially useable organs.
Synthesis of the (Sn4Bi4)2− Anion by Mild Oxidation of (Sn2Bi2)2−
Authors: Lohse Yannick R. , Weinert Bastian , Peerless Benjamin , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReactions involving Zintl ions are typically carried out in N‐based solvents such as liquid ammonia (NH3(l)), ethane‐1,2‐diamine (en), pyridine (py), or acetonitrile (CH3CN). We are currently investigating the application of other solvents as alternatives. Herein, we present the synthesis of the (Sn4Bi4)2− anion, obtained as its [K(crypt‐222)]+ salt (crypt‐222=4,7,13,16,21,24‐hexaoxa‐1,10‐diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane), from reactions of the binary, pseudo‐tetrahedral Zintl anion (Sn2Bi2)2− in the presence of phosphines as oxidation agents in ortho‐difluorobenzene (o‐DFB). The cluster comprises 38 valence electrons, hence, represents an arachno‐type architecture according to Wade‐Mingos rules. Micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐XFS) spectroscopy rationalized the elemental composition of the anion, and quantum chemical studies served to compare the stability of possible structural isomers of the global minimum structure.
Die Entwicklung der Sozialverbände – von der Kriegsopferbewegung zum sozialpolitischen Interessenvertreter und Rechtsdienstleister
Authors: Weyrich Katharina 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungUm sich dem Forschungsgegenstand der sozialrechtsbezogenen Beratung zu nähern und ihre Rolle im Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung zu erforschen, gilt es, sich auch mit den Organisationen auseinanderzusetzen, die die Durchführung der Beratung verantworten. Der Fokus der für die vorliegende Arbeit durchgeführten Studie liegt hauptsächlich auf den Sozialverbänden. Im folgenden Abschnitt wird auf deren Ursprung und Geschichte eingegangen.
Die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung und der Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung – theoretische und empirische Annäherungen an das Forschungsfeld
Authors: Weyrich Katharina 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur sozialverbandlichen Beratung sowie zu den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen über den Zugang zum Recht respektive zu den sozialen Sicherungssystemen, die im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Studie relevant sind.
Die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung als Forschungssituation – fallspezifische Ergebnisdarstellungen
Authors: Weyrich Katharina 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungWährend meines ersten Feldaufenthaltes am 09.07.2018 bei einem VdK-Landesverband konnte ich die übersetzendeBeratung als letzte von drei Beratungsgesprächen an diesem Tag teilnehmend beobachten. Die Beraterin Melanie Birkenbach bittet Reiner und Sylvia Schneider in ihr Büro und stellt mich den Ratsuchenden vor. Sie bietet den beiden zwei freie Stühle an und setzt sich selbst wieder an ihren Schreibtisch, wo neben einem Computer und Büroutensilien auch einige beratungsbezogene Dokumente liegen. Die Ratsuchenden nehmen ihre Plätze ein.
Die Gewährleistung eines effektiven Zugangs zum System sozialer Sicherung
Authors: Weyrich Katharina 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungAus den Einzelfalldarstellungen und dem Fallvergleich der beobachteten Beratungssituationen in Kapitel 5 ist hervorgegangen, dass der Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung in den jeweiligen Beratungs-Arenen für die Ratsuchenden entweder gewährleistet ist oder verwehrt bleibt. Im folgenden Teilkapitel werde ich die situierten Rechtsmobilisierungsphasen des naming, blaming und claiming fallübergreifend rekonstruieren und herausarbeiten, inwiefern die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung soziale Sicherungsleistungen für Ratsuchende effektiv zugänglich macht und unter welchen Voraussetzungen die Herstellung eines Zugangs geschieht.
miR-181a plays the tumor-suppressor role in chronic myeloid leukemia CD34 + cells partially via SERPINE1
Authors: Zhang Xiuyan , Ma Wenjuan , Xue Wen , Wang Yu , Chen Pan , Li Quanxue , Li Yuan-Yuan , Hu Xiaohui , Zhao Yun , Zhou Haixia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene drives human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The last 2 decades have witnessed that specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs, e.g., imatinib mesylate, IM) against ABL1 improve disease treatment, although some patients still suffer from relapse and TKI resistance. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular pathology of CML is still urgently needed. miR-181a-5p (miR-181a) acts as a tumor suppressor in CML; however, the molecular mechanism of miR-181a in CML stem/progenitor cells remains elusive. Herein, we showed that miR-181a inhibited the growth of CML CD34+ cells, including the quiescent subset, and sensitized them to IM treatment, while miR-181a inhibition by a sponge sequence collaborated with BCR-ABL to enhance the growth of normal CD34+ cells. Transcriptome data and biochemical analysis revealed that SERPINE1 was a bona fide and critical target of miR-181a, which deepened the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of SERPINE1. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SERPINE1 led to apoptosis mainly mediated by caspase-9 activation. The dual inhibition of SERPINE1 and BCR-ABL exhibited a significantly stronger inhibitory effect than a single agent. Taken together, this study demonstrates that a novel miR-181a/SERPINE1 axis modulates CML stem/progenitor cells, which likely provides an important approach to override TKI resistance.
Weak and parabolic solutions of advection–diffusion equations with rough velocity field
Authors: Bonicatto Paolo , Ciampa Gennaro , Crippa Gianluca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the Cauchy problem for the advection–diffusion equation $$\partial _t u + {{\,\mathrm{\textrm{div}}\,}}(u\varvec{b}) = \Delta u$$

∂
t

u
+

div

(
u

b

)

=
Δ
u

associated with a merely integrable divergence-free vector field $$\varvec{b}$$

b

defined on the torus. We discuss existence, regularity and uniqueness results for distributional and parabolic solutions, in different regimes of integrability both for the vector field and for the initial datum. We offer an up-to-date picture of the available results scattered in the literature, and we include some original proofs. We also propose some open problems, motivated by very recent results which show ill-posedness of the equation in certain regimes of integrability via convex integration schemes.
MRI of cerebral oedema in ischaemic stroke and its current use in routine clinical practice
Authors: Čivrný Jakub , Tomáš Dorňák , Černá Marie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrently, with the knowledge of the role of collateral circulation in the development of cerebral ischaemia, traditional therapeutic windows are being prolonged, with time not being the only criterion. Instead, a more personalised approach is applied to select additional patients who might benefit from active treatment. This review briefly describes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the development of early ischaemic changes, the capabilities of MRI to depict such changes, and the basics of the routinely used imaging techniques broadly available for the assessment of individual phases of cerebral ischaemia, and summarises the possible clinical use of routine MR imaging, including patient selection for active treatment and assessment of the outcome on the basis of imaging.
River Sediments Downstream of Villages in a Karstic Watershed Exhibited Increased Numbers and Higher Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Modra Helena , Ulmann Vit , Gersl Milan , Babak Vladimir , Konecny Ondrej , Hubelova Dana , Caha Jan , Kudelka Jan , Falkinham Joseph Oliver , Pavlik Ivo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe impact of residential villages on the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in streams flowing through them has not been studied in detail. Water and sediments of streams are highly susceptible to anthropogenic inputs such as surface water flows. This study investigated the impact of seven residential villages in a karst watershed on the prevalence and species spectrum of NTM in water and sediments. Higher NTM species diversity (i.e., 19 out of 28 detected) was recorded downstream of the villages and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) compared to sampling sites upstream (i.e., 5). Significantly, higher Zn and lower silicon concentrations were detected in sediments inside the village and downstream of the WWTP’s effluents. Higher phosphorus concentration in sediment was downstream of WWTPs compared to other sampling sites. The effluent from the WWTPs had a substantial impact on water quality parameters with significant increases in total phosphorus, anions (Cl–and N-NH3–), and cations (Na+ and K+). The results provide insights into NTM numbers and species diversity distribution in a karst watershed and the impact of urban areas. Although in this report the focus is on the NTM, it is likely that other water and sediment microbes will be influenced as well.
Graphical Abstract
QTL Regions and Candidate Genes Associated with Selected Morphological Traits of Winter Triticale (× Triticosecale) Seedlings
Authors: Gołębiowska-Paluch Gabriela , Dyda Mateusz , Wajdzik Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development and viability of seedlings are crucial in overwintering cereals, as it can affect not only an adult plant physiological condition, but also the size and quality of future grain. Recent studies on the genetic control of morphological and yield-related traits have been focused on adult plants of wheat, barley, maize, and rice. However, there is insufficient research describing the genetic control of cereals in the seedling stage. To fill that gap, the winter triticale ‘Hewo’ × ‘Magnat’-doubled haploid lines population was used to locate quantitative trait loci associated with selected traits measured at the seedling stage: the width and length of the first and second leaves, the leaf blade and leaf sheath lengths as well as the length-to-width ratio. Based on the genetic map for ‘Hewo’ × ‘Magnat’ DH population, main four loci, statistically significant (P < 0.05) and strongly associated with the second leaf length and width as well as their ratio were identified. Those regions were located on rye chromosomes 4R, 5R, and 6R with LOD value up to 20.35. In addition, candidate genes in localized regions were identified. The work also demonstrated correlations between the morphology of the second leaf, especially its length-to-width ratio, and the encoded proteins. As described in this paper, results are, to our knowledge, a first attempt to determine the genetic control of triticale seedlings and can provide a new insight on this field and become a reference for developing novel triticale varieties in breeding programmes.
Analysis of biomarkers in speculative CNS-enriched extracellular vesicles for parkinsonian disorders: a comprehensive systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis
Authors: Taha Hash Brown , Bogoniewski Aleksander 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
Parkinsonian disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), exhibit overlapping early-stage symptoms, complicating definitive diagnosis despite heterogeneous cellular and regional pathophysiology. Additionally, the progression and the eventual conversion of prodromal conditions such as REM behavior disorder (RBD) to PD, MSA, or DLB remain challenging to predict. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-enclosed structures released by cells, playing a vital role in communicating cell-state-specific messages. Due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier into the peripheral circulation, measuring biomarkers in blood-isolated speculative CNS enriched EVs has become a popular diagnostic approach. However, replication and independent validation remain challenging in this field. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of speculative CNS-enriched EVs for parkinsonian disorders.

Methods
We conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis, covering 18 studies with a total of 1695 patients with PD, 253 with MSA, 21 with DLB, 172 with PSP, 152 with CBS, 189 with RBD, and 1288 HCs, employing either hierarchical bivariate models or univariate models based on study size.

Results
Diagnostic accuracy was moderate for differentiating patients with PD from HCs, but revealed high heterogeneity and significant publication bias, suggesting an inflation of the perceived diagnostic effectiveness. The bias observed indicates that studies with non-significant or lower effect sizes were less likely to be published. Although results for differentiating patients with PD from those with MSA or PSP and CBS appeared promising, their validity is limited due to the small number of involved studies coming from the same research group. Despite initial reports, our analyses suggest that using speculative CNS-enriched EV biomarkers may not reliably differentiate patients with MSA from HCs or patients with RBD from HCs, due to their lesser accuracy and substantial variability among the studies, further complicated by substantial publication bias.

Conclusion
Our findings underscore the moderate, yet unreliable diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers in speculative CNS-enriched EVs in differentiating parkinsonian disorders, highlighting the presence of substantial heterogeneity and significant publication bias. These observations reinforce the need for larger, more standardized, and unbiased studies to validate the utility of these biomarkers but also call for the development of better biomarkers for parkinsonian disorders.
Pain quality patterns in delayed onset muscle soreness of the lower back suggest sensitization of fascia rather than muscle afferents: a secondary analysis study
Authors: Brandl Andreas , Wilke Jan , Egner Christoph , Schmidt Tobias , Schilder Andreas , Schleip Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the lower back is considered a surrogate for acute low back pain (aLBP) in experimental studies. Of note, it is often unquestioningly assumed to be muscle pain. To date, there has not been a study analyzing lumbar DOMS in terms of its pain origin, which was the aim of this study. Sixteen healthy individuals (L-DOMS) were enrolled for the present study and matched to participants from a previous study (n = 16, L-PAIN) who had undergone selective electrical stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia and the multifidus muscle. DOMS was induced in the lower back of the L-DOMS group using eccentric trunk extensions performed until exhaustion. On subsequent days, pain on palpation (100-mm analogue scale), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and the Pain Sensation Scale (SES) were used to examine the sensory characteristics of DOMS. Pain on palpation showed a significant increase 24 and 48 h after eccentric training, whereas PPT was not affected (p > 0.05). Factor analysis of L-DOMS and L-PAIN sensory descriptors (SES) yielded a stable three-factor solution distinguishing superficial thermal (“heat pain “) from superficial mechanical pain (“sharp pain”) and “deep pain.” “Heat pain “ and “deep pain” in L-DOMS were almost identical to sensory descriptors from electrical stimulation of fascial tissue (L-PAIN, all p > 0.679) but significantly different from muscle pain (all p < 0.029). The differences in sensory description patterns as well as in PPT and self-reported DOMS for palpation pain scores suggest that DOMS has a fascial rather than a muscular origin.
Recent insights into the morphology, molecular characterization and tissue localization of the caprine Sarcocystis species infecting domestic goats (Capra hiricus): Sarcocystis moulei, Sarcocystis capracanis, and Sarcocystis hircicanis
Authors: El-Morsey Ahmed , Abdo Walied 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNinety-seven (64.67%) out of 150 domestic goats (Capra hiricus) carcasses were found to be infected by Sarcocystis moulei, Sarcocystis capracanis, and Sarcocystis hircicanis sarcocysts. Sarcocystis moulei macrosarcocysts were detected in the cardiac, esophageal, skeletal, lingual, and diaphragmatic muscles of seven goats (4.67%) out of the 150 examined animals, whereas the microscopic Sarcocystis species were found in (90/150 = 60%). Two morphotypes of S. moulei were observed. Morphotype (I) macrosarcocysts were large-sized oval, ovoid, spherical, and measured 2–7 mm in length x 2–6 mm in width. Sarcocystis moulei morphotype (II) macrosarcocysts were spindle-shaped, spheroid, sometimes elongated, and measured 1.8–6 x 0.5–2 mm. By TEM, all S. moulei morphotypes were ultrastructurally the same and had a sarcocyst wall that was characterized by highly branched or cauliflower-like villar protrusions (VP) with dumbbell-like structures. The VP interior was packed with well-developed microtubules in longitudinal and cross arrangements. Sarcocystis moulei cyst wall was 3–6 μm thick. Sarcocystis capracanis microsarcocysts detected herein had a cyst wall that ranged from 4–8 μm in thickness. The VP was upright finger-like or cylindrical. The PVM had electron-dense corrugations in the region of the VP. Few amounts of microfilaments were detected inside the cores of VP. Sarcocystis hircicanis had a thinner cyst wall (~1–3 μm) with hairy long VP that ranged from 1 to 7.5 μm in length. Microtubules were missing inside the cores of the VP. The three caprine Sarcocystis species were molecularly characterized on the level of the 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and Cox1 genes.