bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotational molding of two‐layered polyethylene foams
Authors: Liu Shih‐Jung , Yang Ching‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRotational molding of polyethylene foams has increasingly become an important process in industry because of its resultant thicker walls, low sound transfer, high stiffness, and good thermal insulation. This report assesses the rotomoldability of two‐layer polyethylene foamed parts. The polymeric material used in this study was linear low‐density polyethylene and the foaming material was an endothemic chemical blowing agent. Two different molding methods, by powder and by pellet, were used to mold the multilayer foamed parts. Rotational molding experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale uniaxial machine, capable of measuring internal mold temperature in the cycle. Characterization of molded part properties was performed after molding. Optical microscopy was also employed to determine the bubble distribution in foamed parts. The final goal of this study was to investigate how the blowing agent and processing conditions can influence the process of rotational molding and the final product quality. It was found that the rotational molding of two‐layer polyethylene foams produced parts of better impact properties, as well as fine outside surfaces. In addition, rotational molding of foamed parts by pellets saves the cost of powder grinding, but is counteracted by uneven inner surfaces. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 108–115, 2001
Anti‐D (WinRho SD™) treatment of children with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura stimulates transient cytokine/chemokine production
Authors: Semple J.W. , Allen D. , Rutherford M. , Woloski M. , David M. , Wakefield C. , Butchart S. , Freedman J. , Blanchette V. ,   the Canadian Children's Platelet Study Group (CCPSG)
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntravenous anti‐D is often used in the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP), but little is known about its mechanisms of action. To investigate anti‐D's potential in vivo mechanism(s) of action, a small group (N = 7) of children with chronic AITP was studied. The children initially received either 25 or 50 μg/kg of WinRho‐SD in a four‐cycle cross‐over trial, and peripheral blood samples from the first and third cycles were assessed for cytokine levels at pre‐treatment, 3 hr, 1 day, and 8 days post‐treatment. Results showed that platelet counts significantly increased in all the children by day 8 post‐treatment. Analysis of serum by ELISA showed that there was a significant but transient rise in both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels (e.g., IL1RA, IL6, GM‐CSF, MCP‐1α, TNF‐α and MCP‐1) by 3 hr post‐treatment in both cycles which returned to baseline levels by 8 days post‐treatment. These results suggest that anti‐D administration may initially activate the RES in the form of cytokine/chemokine secretion, which is subsequently followed by an increase in platelet counts. It is possible that the induced cytokine/chemokine storm may have an effect on several physiological processes such as those mediating either adverse effects or potentially RES phagocytic activity. Am. J. Hematol. 69:225‐227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of hematopoietic progenitor cell count determined by the SE‐9000™ automated hematology analyzer with CD34+ cell count by flow cytometry in leukapheresis products
Authors: Park Keon Uk , Kim Sang Hee , Suh Cheolwon , Kim Shin , Lee Sun Jong , Park Jung Sun , Cho Hwa Jung , Kim Kang Wook , Lee Keehyun , Kim Hyo Jung , Park Jinny , Joo Min Young , Kim Jeong Gyoon , Kim Taewon , Lee Je Hwan , Kim Sung Bae , Kim Sang We , Lee Kyoo Hyung , Lee Jung Shin , Kim Woo Kun , Park Chan Jeong , Chi Hyun Sook 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe yield of stem cell collection after mobilization is crucial for autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation. Quantitative determinations of CD34+ cells using flow cytometry or stem cell culture have been used, but these methods require much time, technical experience, and expensive reagents. The automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex SE‐9000™, TOA, Japan) equipped with the Immature Information (IMI) channel for immature myeloid cells can detect IMI+ cells within 90 sec. Detection is made possible by the combination of a special reagent system and direct current/radiofrequency biosensors. We studied the relation of IMI+ cells and variable cell counts with CD34+ cell yield in autologous stem cell harvest. In a series of 32 patients (median age, 44 years; M:F = 11:21), 184 leukaphereses were performed after mobilization regimens with chemotherapy and G‐CSF or G‐CSF alone. Full blood cell counts were enumerated on peripheral blood (PB) samples taken prior to each leukapheresis. Mononuclear cell (MNC) and IMI+ cell counts by automated hematology analyzer and flow cytometry based CD34+ cell yield were measured on the harvested product. The relationship among PB white blood cells (WBC), PB monocytes, IMI+ cells, MNC, and CD34+ cell yield in a single leukapheresis was estimated by Pearson correlation analysis. PB WBC count showed no correlation with CD34+ cell yield in a single leukapheresis (r = 0.02, P = 0.81). PB monocyte count showed a weak correlation (r = 0.21, P = 0.01) and MNC in harvest also showed a weak correlation (r = 0.36, P = 0.0001) with CD34+ cell yield. In contrast, CD34+ cell yield correlated well with IMI+ cell count (r = 0.68, P = 0.0001), and data could be fitted by a linear regression equation, y = 0.330 + 0.974x. IMI+ cell assay by the automated hematology analyzer correlated well with the CD34+ cell yield in a mobilized autologous stem cell harvest. The IMI+ cell count might be used as a simple and efficient indicator of blood stem cell mobilization and collection. Am. J. Hematol. 67:42–47, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equations for predicting height for elderly Mexican Americans are not applicable for elderly Mexicans
Authors: Mendoza‐Nún̈ez Victor Manuel , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Martha A , Cervantes‐Sandoval Armando , Correa‐Muñoz Elsa , Vargas‐Guadarrama Luis Alberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCommon indices for the assessment of nutritional status take height into account. Elderly individuals are frequently unable to assume the position needed for this measurement. Therefore, equations have been developed for predicting height in elderly American Whites, American Blacks, and Mexican Americans using knee height as a predictor. These equations may not be applicable for the elderly in other populations. A sample of 736 individuals was studied (186 males, 550 females) with a mean age of 74.7 ± 8 years. Height and knee height (without shoes) were measured in millimeters. Multiple regression and cross‐validation was performed. The correlation between knee height and standing height was similar in women (r = 0.86; P < 0.0001) and men (r = 0.83; P < 0.0001). The equations obtained were as follows: men (height in cm) = 52.6 + (2.17 × knee height in cm) and women (height in cm) = 73.7 + (1.99 × knee height in cm) − (0.23 × age in years). Cross‐validation showed that the pure error was less than the root mean square error (RMSE) in both sexes. Mean heights, based on the equations of Chumlea et al. (1998) for Mexican Americans significantly differ from the reference values for females and males. Therefore, the equations developed by Chumlea et al. (1998) for elderly Mexican Americans do not appear to be applicable for elderly Mexicans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:351–355, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lay perceptions of genetic risks attributable to inbreeding in pakistan
Authors: Hussain Rafat 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPakistan along with many other West and South Asian countries has a very high prevalence of consanguineous, especially close cousin, marriages. Although there is substantial empirical information on offspring morbidity and mortality attributable to parental consanguinity, population‐based information on how communities in general, and women in particular, perceive the health risks associated with consanguineous unions is limited. This paper considers community perceptions of health effects associated with consanguineous marriages using qualitative data from 15 focus group discussions and 294 in‐depth interviews. The study was conducted in four low‐income, multi‐ethnic, and multi‐religious communities in Karachi, the principal commercial center of Pakistan. The results show a general lack of awareness of the possible adverse health effects of consanguineous marriage. In cases where a link between consanguinity and ill health was acknowledged, it often centered on the familial origins of non‐communicable disorders such as diabetes and hypertension or infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Belief in fate and the “evil eye” was widespread across all ethnic and religious groups. Many respondents did not agree with medical explanations of a genetic mode of disease inheritance, even in cases where there was an affected child in the family. The absence of a uniform manifestation of disease among all children of a couple who were identified as carriers of a specific mutation added to the confusion among participants. The study highlights the need for further quantification of risks associated with consanguinity and a need for provision of appropriate information to primary‐care clinicians and also to communities. The likely impact of increasing morbidity attributable to inbreeding on the health care system in resource poor settings is also discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:264–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory symptoms among crab processing workers in Alaska: Epidemiological and environmental assessment*
Authors: Ortega Hector G. , Daroowalla Feroza , Petsonk Edward L. , Lewis Daniel , Berardinelli Steve , Jones William , Kreiss Kathleen , Weissman David N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundCrab processing workers may develop respiratory symptoms and specific IgE responses, but the risk factors have not been fully described.MethodsIn 1998, 107 workers at a crab processing facility completed a survey both at the beginning and end of the processing season. The surveys included standardized symptom questionnaires, spirometry, and serological testing, as well as measurement of workplace airborne crab allergens and microscopic analysis of aerosolized materials.ResultsOver the crab processing season, asthma‐like symptoms developed in 26% of study participants and bronchitic symptoms in 19%. Only 9% of those with new asthma‐like symptoms were IgE‐sensitized to crab at the end of the season. Among the crab processing jobs, butchering and degilling workers had the highest incidence of respiratory symptoms.ConclusionsBoth personal and process‐related factors appear to affect the development of respiratory symptoms in crab processing workers. In this study, crab specific IgE was not detected in most of the workers with new symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:598–607, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural rubber latex‐related occupational asthma: Association with interventions and glove changes over time*
Authors: Liss Gary M. , Tarlo Susan M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundExposure to natural rubber latex (NRL) has been recognized as a cause of occupational asthma (OA), especially among health care workers (HCWs) associated with use of gloves. Little or no population‐based data are available which chart the changes over time in the number of cases of OA as this problem was increasingly recognized and then interventions instituted.MethodsWe obtained the numbers of allowed asthma claims with exposure to latex by year in the province of Ontario, Canada from the Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board; details of the cases from the largest teaching hospital were reviewed. Interventions included: (1) in 1996, the Board recommended in its focus for accommodation of sensitized workers, the reduction of aerosols of latex proteins and that hospital facilities use powder‐free, low‐protein or nonlatex gloves; and (2) hospitals instituted latex policies and glove changes at various dates. For example, at the largest teaching hospital, interventions included education and voluntary medical surveillance in 1994; substitution of low protein, “powder‐free” NRL gloves for non‐sterile powdered gloves in 1995; and replacement of powdered sterile NRL gloves by lower protein, “powder‐free” NRL gloves in 1997.ResultsThrough 1999, there were 60 allowed claims for asthma in Ontario with exposure to latex; of these 49 (82%) were among HCWs. The number of claims among HCWs changed from 0 to 2 per year up to 1990; increased to 7 to 11 per year between 1991–1994; and declined to 3 per year in 1995–1996 and 1 to 2 per year in 1997–1999. Of the ten institutions having two or more OA latex claims, all claims occurred in 1996 or earlier at 8 (80%). At the largest hospital, there were five accepted claims with year of diagnosis in 1993 (1 case), 1994 (3 cases), and 1995 (1 case).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, despite the effect of increasing recognition, the introduction of gloves with reduced powder and/or protein, as well as other interventions have been associated temporally with declines in the number of cases of latex OA. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:347–353, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in bakers and pastry cooks
Authors: Ascoli Valeria , Calisti Roberto , Carnovale‐Scalzo Caterina , Nardi Francesco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) among bakers and pastry cooks has never been documented.Case reportsWe detected eight cases of MPM in bakers, pastry cooks, and biscuit cooks engaged in making, baking/cooking, and selling pastry/bread in two hospital‐based series (Rome and Orbassano/Turin, Italy; period 1990–1997; 222 cases). Field‐investigations revealed asbestos‐containing material (ACM) in ovens for baking bread, that were manufactured prior to the 1980s.ConclusionsIt is suggested that there is a possible new association of the risk of having worked as a baker or pastry cook and MPM. Presumptive source of exposure to asbestos was the use of asbestos‐insulated ovens. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:371–373, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a relationship between Wolfram syndrome carrier status and suicide?
Authors: Crawford Joanna , Zielinski Marta A. , Fisher Laura J. , Sutherland Grant R. , Goldney Robert D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. An increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide has been reported for heterozygote carriers. In this study we investigated whether mutations in the WFS gene are associated with suicide in the general population. The gene for WFS (WFS1) has recently been mapped to chromosome 4p16.1, and its genomic structure has been characterized. We screened the entire WFS1 ORF in a panel of 100 completed suicides, 60 blood donors not known to have psychiatric illness, and 100 donors with a negative history of depression or suicidal behavior. We did not find evidence of an increased incidence of WFS carriers in the suicide panel and concluded that WFS1 carrier status is not a significant contributor to suicide in the general population. Screening of this highly polymorphic gene resulted in the detection of 33 variants, 13 of which cause amino acid changes. Seven of these changes have not been previously reported and six were unique to our suicide panel. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refinement of the genomic structure of STX1A and mutation analysis in nondeletion Williams syndrome patients
Authors: Wu Yuan‐Qing , Bejjani Bassem A. , Tsui Lap‐Chee , Mandel Ariane , Osborne Lucy R. , Shaffer Lisa G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is a contiguous gene deletion disorder in which the commonly deleted region contains at least 17 genes. One of these genes, Syntaxin 1A (STX1A), codes for a protein that is highly expressed in the nervous system and is essential for the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. In this study, we refine the complete genomic structure of the human STX1A gene by direct sequencing and primer walking of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and show that STX1A contains at least 10 exons and 9 introns. The length of exons range from 27 bp to 138 bp and all splice sites conform to the GT‐AG rule. Investigation of the STX1A gene sequence in five WS patients without detectable deletions did not identify any point mutations. Although the regulatory elements that control STX1A transcription were not examined, these results do not support a role for STX1A in the WS phenotype. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two cases with partial trisomy 9p: Molecular cytogenetic characterization and clinical follow‐up
Authors: Littooij Annemieke S. , Hochstenbach Ron , Sinke Richard J. , van Tintelen Peter , Giltay Jacques C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes two patients with partial trisomy 9p and partial trisomy 14q due to 3:1 segregation from de novo maternal reciprocal translocations. The breakpoints are different from previously described 9;14 translocations and their 3:1 segregation products. The clinical phenotype of both cases is compatible with the partial trisomy 9p syndrome. We present the follow‐up of both patients from birth up to age 7 years. Partial trisomy 9p is a frequently described chromosome abnormality. This does not appear to be related to a breakage sensitive locus on chromosome 9p, since the trisomic fragments of the published cases are heterogeneous. In the two cases described here, GTG‐banded karyotyping suggested that the 9p breakpoints were similar; DNA marker analysis, however, showed them to be different. Such DNA studies will be necessary to define the genotype‐phenotype relation in partial trisomy 9p syndrome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paternal age and sporadic schizophrenia: Evidence for de novo mutations
Authors: Malaspina Dolores , Corcoran Cheryl , Fahim Cherine , Berman Ariela , Harkavy‐Friedman Jill , Yale Scott , Goetz Deborah , Goetz Raymond , Harlap Susan , Gorman Jack 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSchizophrenia is an etiologically heterogeneous syndrome. It has a strong genetic component and exists in clinically indistinguishable familial and nonfamilial (sporadic) forms. A significant role for de novo genetic mutations in genetic schizophrenia vulnerability is suggested by a strong monotonic increase in schizophrenia risk with advancing paternal age. However, an alternative explanation for the paternal age effect in schizophrenia is that childbearing is delayed in fathers who themselves have genetic schizophrenia vulnerability. In this study, we compared paternal birth ages between patient groups with familial (n = 35) and sporadic (n = 68) patients with DSM‐IV schizophrenia from an inpatient schizophrenia research unit. If later age of fathering children is related to having some genetic schizophrenia vulnerability, then paternal birth age should be later in familial schizophrenia cases than in sporadic cases, and any association of father's age and schizophrenia risk in offspring would be a spurious finding, unrelated to etiology. However, if de novo mutations cause sporadic schizophrenia, then patients without a family history of schizophrenia would have older fathers than familial patients. We found that patients without a family history of schizophrenia had significantly older fathers (4.7 years) than familial patients; so later childbirth was not attributable to parental psychiatric illness. These findings support the hypothesis that de novo mutations contribute to the risk for sporadic schizophrenia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primate molar crown formation times and life history evolution revisited
Authors: Macho Gabriele A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComparative studies have convincingly demonstrated that the pattern and timing of tooth emergence are highly correlated with life‐history variables and brain size. Conversely, a firm relationship between molar formation time and life‐history variables has not yet been established. It seems counterintuitive that one aspect of dental development should be correlated with life‐history variables, whereas the other should not. In order to shed light on this apparent discrepancy this study analyzed all data on primate molar crown formations available in the published literature in relation to life‐history variables, brain size, and female body mass. Crown formation times were found to be particularly highly correlated with both female body mass and brain size. Species that depart from the overall brain/body allometry by being relatively large‐bodied, e.g., Gorilla gorilla and later Theropithecus oswaldi, also have shorter molar crown formation times than expected. The reverse is not found for species that depart from the overall brain/body allometry due to their larger brains, i.e., Homo sapiens. This finding is interpreted within an evolutionary and ecological framework. Specifically, by focusing on ecological commonalities, a scenario is proposed which may allow predictions to be made about the evolutionary history of other extinct primates also. If confirmed in future studies, crown formation time may again become a powerful tool in evolutionary enquiry. Am. J. Primatol. 55:189–201, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ranging pattern and use of space in a group of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in a southeastern Colombian rainforest
Authors: Palacios Erwin , Rodriguez Adriana 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe studied a group of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) bordering a lake in an eastern Colombian Amazon rainforest for 10 months. The group used an area of 182 ha located mainly on Pleistocene terrace forest and had no overlap with other howler home ranges. Home range use varied through the year as a consequence of fruit and leaf abundance. For example, during the fruit scarcity season the group used an area of flooded forest nearly exclusively, indicating that at least for a portion of the year they are habitat specialists. Two areas intensively used by the group were identified, representing 17.6 % of the home range, and within which 56.9 % of the feeding trees were located. Overall density of feeding trees within the group‘s home range was very low (1.12 trees/ha). Home range size, as well as mean length of daily ranges (1,150 m), is the largest reported for this species to date, and it is likely a consequence of the diminished productivity of the plant communities on poor soil. Our results give an interesting example of the ranging behavior of this primate, which clearly differs from previous descriptions of red howlers. Am. J. Primatol. 55:233–251, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo gene therapy for pyridoxine‐induced neuropathy by herpes simplex virus‐mediated gene transfer of neurotrophin‐3
Authors: Chattopadhyay Munmun , Wolfe Darren , Huang Shaohua , Goss James , Glorioso Joseph C. , Mata Marina , Fink David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeurotrophic factors have been demonstrated to prevent the development of peripheral neuropathy in animal models, but the therapeutic use of these factors in human disease has been limited by the short serum half‐life and dose‐limiting side effects of these potent peptides. We used peripheral subcutaneous inoculation with a replication‐incompetent, genomic herpes simplex virus‐based vector containing the coding sequence for neurotrophin‐3 to transduce sensory neurons of the rat dorsal root ganglion in vivo, and found that expression of neurotrophin‐3 from the vector protected peripheral sensory axons from neuropathy induced by intoxication with pyridoxine assessed by electrophysiological (foot sensory response amplitude, and conduction velocity, and H‐wave), histological (nerve morphology and morphometry), and behavioral measures of proprioceptive function. In vivo gene transfer using herpes simplex virus vectors provides a unique option for treatment of diseases of the sensory peripheral nervous system.