bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multinucleated giant cells in various forms of giant cell containing lesions of the jaws express features of osteoclasts
Authors: Liu Bo , Yu Shi‐Feng , Li Tie‐Jun 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground:  The nature and the mechanism involved in the formation of the multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in various giant cell‐containing lesions of the jaws are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to clarify the osteoclastic features of the MGCs in central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), cherubism, and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), and the mechanism underlying the interrelations between cellular components in the formation of the MGCs.Methods:  Immunohistochemical study with a panel of antibodies including vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), Cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9), CD68, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and enzyme histochemical staining for tartarate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were applied on a total number of 53 cases of giant cell‐containing lesions including CGCG (n = 34), PGCG (n = 6), cherubism (n = 7), and ABC (n = 6). In situ hybridization was also carried out to detect the mRNA expression of the receptor activator of NF‐kappaB ligand (RANKL), a newly identified cytokine that is shown to be essential in the osteoclastogenesis, its receptor RANK (receptor activator of NF‐kappaB ligand), and its decoy receptor OPG (osteoprotegerin) in these four types of lesions.Results:  Immunohistochemical and enzyme histochemical studies showed that both the MGCs and a fraction of mononuclear cells in these lesions were strongly positive for TRAP, V‐ATPase, CA II, Cathepsin K, MMP‐9, and CD68, while the spindle‐shaped mononuclear cells were positive for PCNA. The results with in situ hybridization indicated that RANKL mRNA was mainly expressed in the spindle mononuclear cells while OPG was extensively distributed in both the MGCs and the mononuclear cells. RANK mRNA was expressed in the MGCs and some round mononuclear cells.Conclusions:  These results suggest that MGCs in the four types of giant cell‐containing lesions of the jaws show characteristics of the osteoclast phenotype. The mononuclear stromal cells, which show TRAP positively, may be the precursors of the MGCs. RANKL, OPG, and RANK expressed in these lesions may play important roles in the formation of the MGCs. The similar characteristics and mechanisms in the differentiation of MGCs in these lesions also suggest that there might be a similar kind of pathogenesis involved in the formation of the MGCs in these lesions
Ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst: a rare histologic variant
Authors: Aithal D. , Reddy B. S. , Mahajan S. , Boaz K. , Kamboj M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCalcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst first described by Gorlin in 1962. It is considered as extremely rare and accounts for only 1% of jaw cysts reported. Because of its diverse histopathology, there has always been confusion about its nature as a cyst, neoplasm or hamartoma. Several subclassifications have been proposed. Here, we present a case of calcifying odontogenic cyst with ameloblastic proliferation – an extremely rare histologic variant. The classical histologic features of the lining epithelium in the form of cords and presence of characteristic ghost cells were seen along with ameloblastomatous proliferations. Ameloblastomatous COC microscopically resembles unicystic ameloblastoma except for the ghost cells and calcifications within the proliferative epithelium. The nature of the COC is controversial. The case is presented here for its rarity, and difference between ameloblastomatous COC and ameloblastoma ex COC has been emphasized.
Systemic and topical corticosteroid treatment of oral lichen planus: a comparative study with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Carbone M. , Goss E. , Carrozzo M. , Castellano S. , Conrotto D. , Broccoletti R. , Gandolfo S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground:  Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay treatment for oral lichen planus (OLP), but some authors suggest that systemic corticosteroid therapy is the only way to control acute presentation of OLP.Methods:  Forty‐nine patients with histologically proven atrophic–erosive OLP were divided into two groups matched for age and sex. The test group (26 patients) was treated systemically with prednisone (50 mg/day), and afterwards with clobetasol ointment in an adhesive medium plus antimicotics, whereas the control group (23 patients) was only treated topically with clobetasol plus antimycotics.Results:  Complete remission of signs was obtained in 68.2% of the test group and 69.6% of the control group, respectively (P = 0.94). Similar results were obtained for symptoms. Follow‐up showed no significant differences between the two groups. One‐third of the patients of the test group versus none in the control group experienced systemic side‐effects (P = 0.003).Conclusions:  The most suitable corticosteroid therapy in the management of OLP is the topical therapy, which is easier and more cost‐effective than the systemic therapy followed by topical therapy.
Basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor reverse impaired ulcer healing of the rabbit oral mucosa
Authors: Fujisawa Kenji , Miyamoto Youji , Nagayama Masaru 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground:  The therapies for refractory ulcers on the oral mucosa are symptomatic and very unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that application of growth factors might be able to achieve successful remission of the lesion. We evaluated the effects of systemic administration and topical application of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on impaired wound healing of ulcers in the rabbit gingiva.Methods:  Almost uniform round ulcers could be created on the gingiva of the rabbits by chemical injury with acetic acid. When the submandibular glands were removed or i.v. injection of cisplatin (CDDP) and peplomycin sulfate was performed before ulcer formation, healing of the ulcers took longer than in untreated rabbits. To ascertain whether or not human EGF and bFGF affect rabbit cells, we first examined the effects of EGF and bFGF on the proliferation of the cells derived from rabbit gingiva. We then applied EGF or bFGF in these impaired healing models.Results:  EGF and bFGF promoted proliferation of the fibroblasts, and EGF also promoted proliferation of the keratinocytes isolated from gingival tissue of rabbits in vitro. Systemic injections of EGF and bFGF in rabbits, which had their submandibular glands removed, and topical application of bFGF accelerated healing of ulcers created in rabbits injected with CDDP and peplomycin sulfate. The ability of bFGF to promote the healing of ulcers was much greater than that of EGF.Conclusion:  Basic FGF may be effective for refractory oral mucosal lesions.
Peduncular hallucinosis due to brain metastases from cervix cancer: a case report
Authors: Gokce Mustafa , Adanali Seval 
Published: May 2003

Background:Brain metastases from cervical carcinoma are rare. Accompanying symptoms depend on the location of the metastatic lesions. Penduncular hallucinosis is a vivid form of hallucination with clinical findings indicating a lesion of the upper midbrain. We hereby report a probable first case of peduncular hallucinosis associated with brain metastases from cervical cancer.Case:A 42-year-old woman had been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of cervix. On admission for her increasing pelvic pain, she had complex visual hallucinations comprising cartoon children, figurative people and a foggy room. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a lesion in the left mesencephalothalamic area.Conclusion:Peduncular hallucinosis is well known for its vivid and life-like characteristics associated with a mesencephalic area lesion, and recognition of this may be useful of its diagnosis and differential diagnosis from confusion and other hallucinations.
Hypothalamic digoxin-mediated model for epileptogenesis
Authors: Kurup Ravi Kumar , Kurup Parameswara Achutha 
Published: May 2003

Background/aims:This study assessed the changes in the isoprenoid pathway and its metabolites in seizure disorder (ILAE classification – I generalized – idiopathic generalized epilepsy with age-related onset – epilepsy with generalized tonic clonic seizures on awakening) and the metabolic cascade produced by isoprenoid pathway dysregulation.Methods:The following parameters were assessed in seizure disorder: isoprenoid pathway metabolites, tyrosine and tryptophan catabolites, glycoconjugates metabolism and red blood cell (RBC) membrane composition.Results:There was elevation in plasma HMG-CoA reductase activity, serum digoxin and dolichol and a reduction in RBC membrane Na-K+ATPase activity, serum magnesium and ubiquinone levels. Serum tryptophan, serotonin, strychnine, nicotine and quinolinic acid were elevated while tyrosine, dopamine, morphine and norepinephrine were decreased. The total serum glycosaminoglycans and glycosaminoglycan fractions (except dermatan sulfate), the activity of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) degrading enzymes and glycohydrolases, carbohydrate residues of glycoproteins and serum glycolipids were elevated. Total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and free fatty acids were increased while HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were unaltered. The concentration of membrane hexose, fucose, cholesterol and phospholipids in the RBC membrane decreased significantly but the total RBC membrane GAG was unaltered.Conclusions:Epileptogenesis could be due to a dysfunctional isoprenoidal pathway and paroxysmal hypothalamic digoxin hypersecretion.
Influence of whole body cryotherapy on depressive symptoms – preliminary report
Authors: Rymaszewska Joanna , Tulczynski Adam , Zagrobelny Zdzislaw , Kiejna Andrzej , Hadrys Tomasz 
Published: May 2003

Background:Cryotherapy has a long tradition in somatic medicine. Yet we know very little about its impact on psyche and mood disturbances in particular. Therefore there is a real need for scientific investigations into this problem.Objective:The study reported here was an initial approach to whole-body cryotherapy (WBCT) as a potential treatment modality for depression and was expected to provide rough data helping to design a future project with extended methodology, larger sample groups and longer follow-up.Methods:Twenty-three patients aged 37–70 years gave informed consent to participate in the study. Ten WBCT procedures (160 s, −150°C) were applied within 2 weeks. Participants were recruited from depressed day hospital patients. Antidepressive medication was not ceased. Symptoms were rated at the beginning and end of this intervention using the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Changes in scores were analyzed in the group of patients for every item separately as well as for the sum of all items for each patient.Results:Almost for each individual HDRS item, the overall score for all patients together was significantly lower after WBCT. This means that all symptoms, except for day–night mood fluctuations, were presumably positively influenced by cryotherapy. The HDRS sum-score for each patient after WBCT was lower than that of the baseline and reached statistical significance in a paired samples t-test. Every patient was therefore considerably relieved after WBCT.Conclusions:It appears that WBCT helps in alleviating depression symptoms. Should this be confirmed in the extended study we are currently implementing, WBCT may become an auxiliary treatment in depression.
Quetiapine in relapsing schizophrenia: clinical efficacy and effect on monoaminergic parameters
Authors: van der Heijden F. M. M. A. , Verhoeven W. M. A. , Fekkes D. , Sijben A. E. S. , Tuinier S. 
Published: May 2003

Methods:Tolerability, safety and effectiveness of quetiapine in an in-patient group with a relapse of schizophrenia and the possible role of plasma amino acid concentrations, 5-HT parameters and HVA in the prediction of response to treatment were investigated in an open-label baseline-controlled trial of 14 weeks in 21 hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Responders were defined as those patients who exhibit at least a 40% reduction of BPRS total scores. Secondary efficacy measures were the PANSS, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-severity scale and the MADRS. Extrapyramidal side-effects were evaluated with the AIMS. Other side-effects were monitored at regular intervals. Amino acids and the derived tryptophan and tyrosine ratios, as well as monoaminergic parameters, were assessed in plasma at baseline and at weeks 3, 6 and 14.Results:Treatment with quetiapine resulted in the predefined treatment effect in 10 out of the 17 patients who completed at least 4 weeks of treatment. Effect in responders was observed on all efficacy parameters, including lower MADRS scores. No extrapyramidal side-effects emerged. Clinical and biochemical parameters did not predict response to treatment.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the moderate antipsychotic efficacy of quetiapine on preferentially positive symptoms in a group of relatively young schizophrenics. Some observed changes in biochemical parameters are discussed.
Molecular basis of gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Nardone G. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryGastric cancer is constituted by two histomorphological entities ‘intestinal’ and ‘diffuse’, however lesions with similar morphologies may differ in biological aggressiveness and response to therapy. Two distinct molecular pathways have been identified in gastric carcinogenesis: the microsatellite mutator phenotype and a phenotype associated with chromosomal and intrachromosomal instability.Mounting evidence suggests that microsatellite mutator phenotype alterations and expression of the products of cancer‐related genes are early markers of cell transformation, and may serve to identify the gastric carcinoma histotypes. The lack of a clear genetic basis, lends weight to the notion that gastric cancer is not a monomorphic entity but may be affected by environmental factors. Helicobacter pylori is the most important environmental risk factor associated with sporadic gastric cancer. Exposure of gastric epithelial cells to bacterium results in the generation of reactive oxygen species and inducible nitric oxide synthase that in turn may cause genetic alterations leading to cancer in a subset of subjects. Thus, gastric cancer may be considered the result of an interplay between host genetic profile and environmental toxic agents. The new technologies of molecular analysis will help to establish an individual's risk of developing gastric cancer and will lead to novel biological therapeutic strategies.
Natural history and prognostic prediction of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Varela M. , Sala M. , Llovet J. M. , Bruix J. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryThe knowledge of the natural history of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is important to estimate the prognosis at diagnosis and indicate the best therapy. Prognosis is related to tumour stage at diagnosis, degree of liver function impairment induced either by the tumour itself or by the underlying cirrhosis, general physical condition of the patients, and potential impact of therapy. Prognostic estimation should take into account all four aspects. Treatment is very relevant to be considered in patients with early stage tumours since surgical resection, transplantation or percutaneous ablation provide a high rate of complete responses and thus, improve survival. This might be as high as 50–75% at 5 years. Patients diagnosed at an intermediate/advanced stage will receive palliative treatment and prospective studies have recently redefined the outcome predictors of this stratum. Asymptomatic patients in whom the tumour has not invaded vessels or disseminated may reach a 50% survival at 3 years, while those with adverse predictors do not reach this time point. These data have to be taken into account not only in the conventional clinical practice, but also in the design and evaluation of prospective investigations that should be properly powered to reach an informative sample size. To achieve both aims, within the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group we have developed a staging system that combines prognosis prediction with decision making, thus becoming a useful tool both for practice and research.
Prevention of postsurgical relapse and recurrence in Crohn's disease
Authors: Cottone M. , Orlando A. , Viscido A. , Calabrese E. , Cammà C , Casà A. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryAfter first resection in Crohn's disease at 1 year 60–80% of patients have endoscopic recurrence, 10–20% have clinical relapse, and 5% have surgical recurrence.1, 2 This review focuses on the actual evidence on the prevention of recurrence and relapse dealing with risk factors and with drugs. Smoking is the only risk factor for Crohn's disease, that has been shown to be related to both endoscopic and surgical recurrence and relapse. Among the different drugs evaluated, some (Mesalamine and Metronidazole) have been shown to be effective, whereas others (immunosuppressive) need to be evaluated in further, new trials.
New developments in the pathophysiology of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD): implications for patient management
Authors: Quigley E. M. M. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryThe spectrum of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has expanded; indeed the majority of individuals with symptomatic GERD do not have erosive reflux disease (ERD); this group has been referred to as nonerosive or negative‐endoscopy reflux disease (NERD). There may be important differences between NERD and ERD in terms of pathophysiology and management. Thus, NERD patients appear relatively resistant to proton pump inhibitors and may not be good surgical candidates. The clinician caring for patients with GERD must therefore be aware of the full spectrum of GERD and of the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of NERD. Recent twin studies have revealed that genetic factors play a role in GERD and form the basis for future studies on the role of inheritance in the various manifestations of GERD. Several recent investigations have reaffirmed the primacy of acid reflux in the pathogenesis of GERD and have also provided insights into the pathophysiology of postprandial heartburn. Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and hiatal hernias have emerged as major and interacting factors in the genesis of reflux events and in the potentiation of acid exposure; the former are attracting considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target. Nocturnal acid breakthrough, which has been implicated in the failure of some patients to respond to high doses of proton pump inhibitors, appears, on further examination, to be a gastric rather than an oesophageal phenomenon, and may not be of clinical or therapeutic importance.
What have we learnt from gastric biopsy?
Authors: Rugge M. , Russo V. M. , Guido M. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryPathologists would claim that the most reliable information obtained on gastric diseases is pathology‐based. This manuscript summarizes the four major biopsy‐based contributions to the current knowledge of non‐neoplastic gastric diseases: (i) the in vivo definition of gastritis; (ii) the recognition of the clinicopathological patterns of gastritis; (iii) the morphological links between gastritis and stomach cancer; and finally (iv) the recent information on the possible reversibility of early or advanced precancerous gastric lesions.
Intra‐arterial treatments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Trinchet J. C. , Ganne‐Carrie N. , Beaugrand M. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryIn Western countries, most of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not eligible for curative treatments. Intra‐arterial treatments have a palliative effect that could lead to extensive tumour necrosis and therefore have been widely used. Arterial embolization, Lipiodol‐targeted chemoembolization and intra‐arterial injection of radioactive iodine mixed with Lipiodol provided promising results in terms of tumoral growth, but were also responsible for severe side‐effects, particularly in patients with cirrhosis. Their influence on survival has been assessed by randomized trials with contradictory results. In patients with advanced cases, embolization alone has limited or no influence on survival, and chemoembolization provided a beneficial effect mostly in patients with viral liver diseases, without liver failure, and with an adequate portal flux. The effects of radioactive iodine either in the treatment of advanced cases or the prevention of recurrences after a curative treatment must be investigated further.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Steinmüller T. , Jonas S. , Neuhaus P. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryDespite recent advances in techniques of in situ tumour ablation, surgical therapy remains at present the mainstay treatment for primary hepatic malignancies. After an initial endeavour in the establishment of liver transplantation as a treatment option, in particular for unresectable liver tumours, only a few indications, for example early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis, are currently agreed upon. Other indications, such as peripheral cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotics have largely been abandoned or are still under debate, as is the case with fibrolamellar carcinoma. The selection of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis for liver transplantation is still based on tumour size and node number, because the current state of diagnostic imaging fails to reliably predict the most important prognostic parameter: vascular infiltration. Other selection criteria are under investigation. Studies on multimodal therapy are also underway but have not yet demonstrated a clear benefit.
Maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease
Authors: Biancone L. , Tosti C. , Fina D. , Fantini M. , De Nigris F. , Geremia A. , Pallone F. 
Published: June 2003

SummaryThe aetiology of Crohn's disease is unknown and therefore no curative treatments are available for the disease. The natural history of Crohn's disease is characterized by recurrent flare‐ups of symptoms. Several drug treatments are effective in inducing clinical remission. However, no drug treatments are available in order to prevent clinical relapses, although several drug regimens may delay clinical flare‐ups. Crohn's disease treatment for maintaining clinical remission needs to be tailored in relation to specific characteristics of each patient. The frequency of clinical relapse indeed shows marked variations in subgroups of patients, as the likelyhood of relapse is higher in patients in clinical remission for less than 6 months. Treatment strategies for maintaining remission may therefore differ among inactive patients. In chronically active, steroid‐dependent or steroid‐refractory Crohn's disease patients immunomodulatory drugs (azathioprine 2–2.5 mg/kg by mouth, 6‐mercaptopurine 1–1.5 mg/kg by mouth, or methotrexate 15–25 mg/i.m./week) should be added to oral mesalazine (2.4 g/day), while in long‐term inactive Crohn's disease patients mesalazine alone may be effective in delaying relapse. Recently, treatment with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α monoclonal antibodies (Infliximab or CDP571) has shown efficacy in delaying relapse in responsive patients. One other issue which needs to be considered before selecting drug treatments for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease, is that Crohn's disease activity is currently assessed on the basis of standard clinical scores which may not appropriately reflect the biological activity of the disease. Clinical remission as defined by standardized scores may include heterogeneous subgroups of patients showing different endoscopic and histological activity or persistence of activated immunocompetent cells within the gut. Several sub‐clinical markers of relapse have indeed been reported in quiescent Crohn's disease, although their usefulness in clinical practice in currently uncertain.