bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunter–gatherer genetics research: Importance and avenues
Authors: Padilla-Iglesias Cecilia , Derkx Inez 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Major developments in the field of genetics in the past few decades have revolutionised notions of what it means to be human. Although currently only a few populations around the world practise a hunting and gathering lifestyle, this mode of subsistence has characterised members of our species since its very origins and allowed us to migrate across the planet. Therefore, the geographical distribution of hunter–gatherer populations, dependence on local ecosystems and connections to past populations and neighbouring groups have provided unique insights into our evolutionary origins. However, given the vulnerable status of hunter–gatherers worldwide, the development of the field of anthropological genetics requires that we reevaluate how we conduct research with these communities. Here, we review how the inclusion of hunter–gatherer populations in genetics studies has advanced our understanding of human origins, ancient population migrations and interactions as well as phenotypic adaptations and adaptability to different environments, and the important scientific and medical applications of these advancements. At the same time, we highlight the necessity to address yet unresolved questions and identify areas in which the field may benefit from improvements.
The Dynamics of Proportionality: Constitutional Courts and the Review of COVID-19 Regulations.
Authors: Vyhnánek Ladislav , Blechová Anna , Bátrla Michael , Míšek Jakub , Novotná Tereza , Reichman Amnon , Harašta Jakub 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that even when using trusted legal tools, courts may run into challenging problems. Governments reacted to an unprecedented (at least in the context of post-WW2 era of fundamental rights) global crisis by adopting measures that drastically limited fundamental rights in order to protect the lives and health of many. Courts, of course, were entrusted with protecting fundamental rights against governmental overreach. The question was, how strict should the courts be when reviewing governmental acts. On the one hand, they could have relied on substantive proportionality assessment. This option, however was virtually ignored and most courts have opted for a deferential approach. This article analyzes both of these approaches, their strengths and weaknesses, but ultimately it argues that a third option - semiprocedural review - is the best way out of this judicial conundrum. Relying on comparative as well as theoretical arguments, it argues that semiprocedural review is the best way to deal with challenging empirical question - even under conditions of epistemological uncertainty.
Cost-effectiveness of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and isolation strategies in nursing homes
Authors: Bartsch Sarah M. , Weatherwax Colleen , Martinez Marie F. , Chin Kevin L. , Wasserman Michael R. , Singh Raveena D. , Heneghan Jessie L. , Gussin Gabrielle M. , Scannell Sheryl A. , White Cameron , Leff Bruce , Huang Susan S. , Lee Bruce Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:Nursing home residents may be particularly vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, a question is when and how often nursing homes should test staff for COVID-19 and how this may change as severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolves.Design:We developed an agent-based model representing a typical nursing home, COVID-19 spread, and its health and economic outcomes to determine the clinical and economic value of various screening and isolation strategies and how it may change under various circumstances.Results:Under winter 2023–2024 SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant conditions, symptom-based antigen testing averted 4.5 COVID-19 cases compared to no testing, saving $191 in direct medical costs. Testing implementation costs far outweighed these savings, resulting in net costs of $990 from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services perspective, $1,545 from the third-party payer perspective, and $57,155 from the societal perspective. Testing did not return sufficient positive health effects to make it cost-effective [$50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) threshold], but it exceeded this threshold in ≥59% of simulation trials. Testing remained cost-ineffective when routinely testing staff and varying face mask compliance, vaccine efficacy, and booster coverage. However, all antigen testing strategies became cost-effective (≤$31,906 per QALY) or cost saving (saving ≤$18,372) when the severe outcome risk was ≥3 times higher than that of current omicron variants.Conclusions:SARS-CoV-2 testing costs outweighed benefits under winter 2023–2024 conditions; however, testing became cost-effective with increasingly severe clinical outcomes. Cost-effectiveness can change as the epidemic evolves because it depends on clinical severity and other intervention use. Thus, nursing home administrators and policy makers should monitor and evaluate viral virulence and other interventions over time.
Rearing and 60Co radiation do not affect attractiveness but alter the volatile profiles released by Anastrepha obliqua calling males
Authors: Santiago Frida P. , Alavez-Rosas David , Rojas Julio C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCalling males of Anastrepha obliqua release volatile compounds to attract conspecific males to form leks and females to mate. Male volatiles from Mexican and Brazilian populations of A. obliqua have been previously identified. However, there are differences in the number and identity of volatile compounds between the populations. These differences in volatile profiles may be due to male origin (e.g. wild or mass-reared flies) or methodological issues (e.g. sampling techniques). In this study, we evaluated the attractiveness of wild, laboratory non-irradiated, and laboratory-irradiated flies under semi-field conditions. Male volatiles were collected using dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) techniques, and identified using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. The results showed no difference in the attractiveness of wild, laboratory non-irradiated, and irradiated males to females. However, the number of captured females differed according to the origin; wild and non-irradiated females were captured more frequently than the irradiated flies. A total of 21 compounds were found using SPME, whereas only 12 were collected using DHS, although the relative amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained using the former sampling technique. In addition, only laboratory non-irradiated males released α-pinene and menthol, which have not been previously reported in this fruit fly species. Additionally, we identified novel compounds in A. obliqua; however, certain compounds previously reported were not detected. This study suggests that despite the qualitative and quantitative variations in the volatile profiles of A. obliqua males, their attractiveness was unaffected.
OMNIA TVTA TIMENS (VIRGIL, AENEID 4.298): ALLUSION AND AMBIGUITY
Authors: Dainotti Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with a case of Virgilian ambiguity, namely the famous hemistich at Aen. 4.298 omnia tuta timens. By highlighting a plausible reading with a causal force (‘fearing everything too calm’, ‘because of the excessive calmness’), it seeks to demonstrate that this hemistich is an ambiguous passage. This view is confirmed through the imitation by Valerius Flaccus, who, in alluding to the Virgilian passage (Argonautica 8.408–12), highlights its ambiguity by including both of the most plausible readings.
The fertility timing gap: the intended and real timing of childbirth
Authors: Slabá Jitka , Kocourková Jiřina , Šťastná Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe fertility gap, which indicates the difference between the planned and actual number of children born, can be explained by the shift in parenthood to older ages and is associated with the non-attainment of one’s intended reproductive plans. This paper focuses on the gap in the timing of entry into parenthood, i.e. between the planned and actual age at the birth of the first child. The study is based on data from the Women 2016 survey which re-interviewed women of fertile age from the second wave of the Czech Generations & Gender Survey conducted in 2008. At the population level, the fertility timing gap differs across generations. While for Czech women born between 1966 and 1971 the planned age exceeded the actual observed age by one year, the realisation of fertility occurred two years later than planned for the youngest generation (1983–1990) included in the study. At the individual level, the later-than-planned realisation of fertility was found to be related primarily to partner-related factors.
Axé as the cornerstone of Candomblé philosophy and its significance for an understanding of well-being (bem estar)
Authors: Schmidt Bettina E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
According to Candomblé, axé is present in every living being and is necessary to life. To develop and maintain a sense of well-being, one must maintain a balanced level of axé which is linked to a reciprocal relationship between human beings and orixás (African deities). This article will explore the link between the spiritual force axé and well-being (bem estar) within Candomblé philosophy. Starting with explaining axé within the context of Candomblé and its concept of personhood, the article will reflect in the latter part on the concept of well-being from the perspective of axé and put forward an argument for the inclusion of Candomblé in philosophy of religion.
Conducting a health technology assessment in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory: lessons from a feasibility project
Authors: Isbeih Mervett , Heupink Lieke-Fleur , Qaddomi Sharif , Salman Rand , Chola Lumbwe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To achieve universal health coverage (UHC), countries must make difficult choices to optimize the use of scarce resources. There is a growing interest in using evidence-based priority setting processes, such as Health Technology Assessment (HTA), to inform these decisions. In 2020, the Palestinian Institute of Public Health (PNIPH) and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) initiated a pilot to test the feasibility of coproducing an HTA on breast cancer screening in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian Territory. Additionally, a secondary aim was to test whether using an adaptive HTA (aHTA) approach that searched and transferred published evidence syntheses could increase the speed of HTA production.

Methods
The applied stepwise approach to the HTA is described in detail and can be summarized as defining a core team, topic selection, and prioritization; undertaking the HTA including adaptation using tools from the European Network for HTA (EUnetHTA) and stakeholder engagement; and concluding with dissemination.

Results
The aHTA approach was faster but not as quick as anticipated, which is attributed to (i) the lack of availability of local evidence for contextualizing findings and (ii) the necessity to build trust between the team and stakeholders. Some delays followed from the COVID-19 pandemic, which showed the importance of good risk anticipation and mitigation. Lastly, other important lessons included the ability of virtual collaborations, the value of capacity strengthening initiatives within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the need for early stakeholder engagement. Overall, the pilot was successfully completed.

Conclusion
This was the first HTA of its kind produced in Palestine, and despite the challenges, it shows that HTA analysis is feasible in this setting.
Institutional memory and legal conflict in the Old Borough of Durham, 1300–1450
Authors: Brown A. T. , Cox Bridget 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHistorians have long used the archives of major institutions to shed light on medieval society, but in more recent decades the focus has turned towards the proliferation of legal documentation possessed by those lower down the social order and the increasing penetration of legal processes into their everyday lives. Yet, in recapturing this world, there is a danger that we take for granted the immense documentary power of a large institutional repository. This article follows several legal conflicts across the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries involving the monks of Durham Priory to demonstrate the extent of this archival culture, showing how they turned to their vast array of documentary evidence for information about those who had incurred their wrath. Using their archives, they traced the descent of holdings, the offices held by key individuals, and previous payments in account rolls, all in a bid to demonstrate their rights, the ‘abuses’ of officials, and to counter legal opposition. Not content, the monks then compiled this evidence into an alternative narrative of events that questioned previous legal proceedings and ceremonies, constructing an institutional memory that saw contradictory documentation as ‘entirely most falsely forged’.
The Mediation of Genre, Identity, and Difference in Contemporary (Popular) Music Streaming
Authors: MUCHITSCH VERONIKA , WERNER ANN 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMusic streaming service Spotify has recently declared that genre is becoming less important in popular music culture, linking this idea to post-identity claims. In contrast, the central argument of this article is that genre continues to matter in music streaming, where algorithmic recommendation systems remediate genre and its association with constructions of identity and difference. We examine Spotify's mediation of genre through a multimodal discourse analysis of genre metadata as presented on the website Every Noise at Once, playlist curation, and media discourse. Analysing the genres bubblegrunge and rap français (French rap), we show that the algorithmic and human processes of Spotify and its users rearticulate genre, shaping, in turn, patterns of recommendation, curation, and consumption. These processes remediate earlier constructions of identity, temporality, and place in music culture. Simultaneously, they intensify differentiation and individuation, tying in with postulations of multiplicity and diversity in neoliberalism that conceal power imbalances.
Genetic characterization of new source of resistance for tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) from snapmelon (C. melo var. momordica)
Authors: Padmanabha K. , Choudhary H. , Mishra Gyan , Mandal Bikash , Solanke Amolkumar , Mishra Dwij C. , Yadav Ramesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to understand the genetics of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in the identified novel source of resistance from Indian melon germplasm DSM-19 (Cucumis melo var. momordica) as viral diseases in muskmelon cause significant economic yield loss. To achieve this, a cross was made between the highly susceptible genotype Pusa Sarda (C. melo var. inodorus), known for its desirable fruit characters, and the resistant source DSM-19 to generate the suitable populations for inheritance study. These populations were screened under natural epiphytotic conditions and further validated through challenge inoculation with viruliferous whiteflies. The inheritance of ToLCNDV resistance in snapmelon germplasm DSM-19 was identified as monogenic recessive in both the screening methods. Moreover, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker named ‘CAPS 16 (2)’ was designed near to SNP marker D16 located on chromosome 11 of melon, and it was found to be linked to the ToLCNDV resistance gene in DSM-19. This is the first report on genetics of ToLCNDV resistance in snapmelon germplasm from India. Snapmelon line DSM-19 can be used as a source for fine mapping and introgression of the ToLCNDV resistance into susceptible muskmelon cultivars.
A critical overview of emotion processing assessment in non-affective and affective psychoses
Authors: Gorrino Irene , Rossetti Maria Gloria , Girelli Francesca , Bellani Marcella , Perlini Cinzia , Mattavelli Giulia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patients with affective and non-affective psychoses show impairments in both the identification and discrimination of facial affect, which can significantly reduce their quality of life. The aim of this commentary is to present the strengths and weaknesses of the available instruments for a more careful evaluation of different stages of emotion processing in clinical and experimental studies on patients with non-affective and affective psychoses.

Methods
We reviewed the existing literature to identify different tests used to assess the ability to recognise (e.g. Ekman 60-Faces Test, Facial Emotion Identification Test and Penn Emotion Recognition Test) and to discriminate emotions (e.g. Face Emotion Discrimination Test and Emotion Differentiation Task).

Results
The current literature revealed that few studies combine instruments to differentiate between different levels of emotion processing disorders. The lack of comprehensive instruments that integrate emotion recognition and discrimination assessments prevents a full understanding of patients’ conditions.

Conclusions
This commentary underlines the need for a detailed evaluation of emotion processing ability in patients with non-affective and affective psychoses, to characterise the disorder at early phases from the onset of the disease and to design rehabilitation treatments.
A Warmer and Wetter World Would Aggravate GHG Emissions Intensity in China's Cropland
Authors: Zhang Jingting , Tian Hanqin , Li Xiaoyong , Qin Xiaoyu , Fang Shanmin , Zhang Jingfang , Zhang Wenxiu , Wang Siyuan , Pan Shufen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany agricultural regions in China are likely to become appreciably wetter or drier as the global climate warming increases. However, the impact of these climate change patterns on the intensity of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (GHGI, GHG emissions per unit of crop yield) has not yet been rigorously assessed. By integrating an improved agricultural ecosystem model and a meta‐analysis of multiple field studies, we found that climate change is expected to cause a 20.0% crop yield loss, while stimulating soil GHG emissions by 12.2% between 2061 and 2090 in China's agricultural regions. A wetter‐warmer (WW) climate would adversely impact crop yield on an equal basis and lead to a 1.8‐fold‐ increase in GHG emissions relative to those in a drier‐warmer (DW) climate. Without water limitation/excess, extreme heat (an increase of more than 1.5°C in average temperature) during the growing season would amplify 15.7% more yield while simultaneously elevating GHG emissions by 42.5% compared to an increase of below 1.5°C. However, when coupled with extreme drought, it would aggravate crop yield loss by 61.8% without reducing the corresponding GHG emissions. Furthermore, the emission intensity in an extreme WW climate would increase by 22.6% compared to an extreme DW climate. Under this intense WW climate, the use of nitrogen fertilizer would lead to a 37.9% increase in soil GHG emissions without necessarily gaining a corresponding yield advantage compared to a DW climate. These findings suggest that the threat of a wetter‐warmer world to efforts to reduce GHG emissions intensity may be as great as or even greater than that of a drier‐warmer world.
Enhanced Occurrence of Atmospheric Blocking in the Southern Hemisphere by Baroclinic Annular Mode
Authors: Liu Zhaoyu , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAtmospheric blocking is a large‐amplitude, quasi‐stationary, and long‐lasting flow regime in the extratropics. To understand the physical processes governing the occurrence of atmospheric blocking, we identify that the positive phase of Baroclinic Annular Mode (BAM) increases the occurrence of blocking events in the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere. As BAM can translate to regional scales, we identify an enhanced zonal flux of wave activity and reduced dispersiveness associated with high BAM states that are dynamically conducive to the occurrence of atmospheric blocking. Blocking frequency in the high BAM state almost doubles as compared to the climatology, and the enhanced occurrence of blocks is most significant within BAM‐associated wave packets. This finding suggests BAM can be employed as a new source of predictability for atmospheric blocking.
Climate Control of Iodine Isotopic Composition Evidenced by Argentine Entisols Records
Authors: Fan Yukun , Cheng Peng , Negri Agustín , Lan Jianghu , Liu Xingxing , Zhou Weijian , Liu Qi , Hou Xiaolin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe long half‐life of 129I makes it useful for dating marine sediments aged 2–90 Ma. However, the lack of initial value dating hinders its application for dating terrestrial sediments. A large scatter of 129I/127I in prenuclear terrestrial samples has been reported; however, the key influencing factors remain unclear. This study presented iodine isotope data from three Argentine Entisol profiles and developed an iodine‐source model to determine the influence of the source on iodine isotopic composition. The temporal patterns demonstrated clear climate modulations in natural terrestrial iodine isotopes over the last ∼15 Kyr. The model identified rock weathering as a major source of iodine in continental sediments. Higher 129I/127I ratios at mid‐high latitudes arise from weak geomagnetic shielding of cosmic rays and thus a high production rate, implying limited meridional diffusion of atmospheric iodine. These findings reveal that environmental factors are significant for constraining the initial value of terrestrial 129I.
Long Lifetime Hiss Rays in the Disturbed Plasmasphere
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Su Zhenpeng , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shinohara Iku , Matsuoka Ayako , Kasahara Yoshiya , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kumamoto Atsushi , Matsuda Shoya , Kasaba Yasumasa , Teramoto Mariko , Hori Tomoaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlasmaspheric hiss waves are important to shape the Earth’s electron radiation belt. These waves are commonly envisioned to have a long lifetime which allows them to permeate the global plasmasphere from a spatially restricted source. However, this hypothesis has not been experimentally confirmed yet, because of the challenging observational requirements in terms of location and timing. With wave and particle measurements from five magnetospheric satellites and detailed modeling, we present the first report of long lifetime (∼42 s) hiss rays in the substorm‐disturbed plasmasphere. The low‐frequency hiss waves are found to originate from the middle piece of the plasmaspheric plume, bounce between two hemispheres, and eventually drift into the plasmaspheric core. These hiss rays can travel through ∼3 hr magnetic local time and ∼4 magnetic shell. Such a long‐time and large‐scale permeation of hiss rays could benefit from the ducting process by plasmaspheric field‐aligned density irregularities.