bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Hydroxypropylated Corn and Sorghum Starch Extrudates as Simultaneous Fat and Casein Mimetics in Analogue Mozzarella Cheese: Insights from Functional, Rheological, Textural, and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Zehra Nusrat , Ali Tahira Mohsin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates that inclusion of modified starch extrudates as casein and fat replacers in analogue mozzarella cheese array is a statistically echo loom for hydroxypropylation of sorghum and corn starch extrudates involving lesser number of researches than the predictable approach. The hydroxypropylated starches are prepared by using propylene oxide and are found to have DS values between 0.0083 and 0.153, which complied with food grade limit approved by Codex Alimentarius. Inclusion of native and hydroxypropylated corn and sorghum starch extrudates in analogue cheese results in better melt characteristics as compared to their counterpart control cheese. The storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʹʹ) of analogue cheese increase with the rising frequency. Hydroxypropylated extrudates (HEx) containing cheese is softer and shows elastic behavior. Replacement of casein and fat with native and hydroxypropylated starch extrudates improves the analogue cheese melt and stretch but this strengthening is at the expense of hardness. Inclusion of native and hydroxypropylated starch extrudates permits easy instantaneous replacement of casein by 15% and fat by 10% in analogue mozzarella cheese. This study provides a theoretical guidance for industrialization of analogue cheese with improved rheology, texture, melt, and stretch.
Polychlorinated biphenyls exposure and type 2 diabetes: Molecular mechanism that causes insulin resistance and islet damage
Authors: Shan Qiuli , Liu Jingyu , Qu Fan , Chen Anhui , He Wenxing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical persistent organic pollutants that have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in cohort studies. This review aims to comprehensively assess the molecular mechanisms of PCBs‐induced T2DM. Recent progress has been made in the research of PCBs in liver tissue, adipose tissue, and other tissues. By influencing the function of nuclear receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnancy X receptor (PXR), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), as well as the inflammatory response, PCBs disrupt the balance of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. This is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the target organ of insulin. Through androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α/β (ERα/β), and pancreato‐duodenal‐homeobox gene‐1 (PDX‐1), PCBs affect the secretion of insulin and increase blood glucose. Thus, this review is a discussion on the relationship between PCBs exposure and the pathogenesis of T2DM. It is hoped to provide basic concepts for diabetes research and disease treatment.
Analyzing the nitrogen removal performance and cold adaptation mechanism of immobilized cold‐acclimation ANAMMOX granules at low temperatures
Authors: Zhang Lin‐hua , Zhang Jing , Hu Xiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo improve the treatment performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) processes at low temperatures, the immobilized cold‐acclimation ANAMMOX granules (R3) were prepared and their low‐temperature nitrogen removal ability as well as the cold adaptation mechanism were analyzed. The results indicated that the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency of R3 was significantly higher than that of R2 (cold‐acclimation granules without immobilization) and R1 (common granules), especially at 11 ± 2 and 7 ± 2°C (68% and 54%). These were attributed to the remarkable biomass retention capacity of R3, high up to 4.3–4.9 mg/gVSS even at 5–18°C. Besides, higher protein (PN) content of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB‐EPS) also facilitated microbial aggregation in R3. Meanwhile, R3 granules retained higher ANAMMOX activity and heme c content at 5–25°C. The original dominant ANAMMOX genus (Candidatus Kuenenia) in R3 kept higher abundance (49%–57%) at 23 ± 2 and 16 ± 2°C, whereas Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant ANAMMOX genus (25%–32%) in R3 at 11 ± 2 and 7 ± 2°C. Notably, different ANAMMOX genera in R3 may adapt to cold environment by regulating the expression of cold‐stress proteins (CspA, CspB, PpiD, and UspA).Practitioner Points
Immobilized cold‐acclimation ANAMMOX granules showed higher nitrogen removal efficiency at 23°C → 5°C.
Immobilization method effectively retained biomass (Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia).
Immobilization facilitated TB‐EPS release and biological aggregation in cold‐acclimation granules.
Expression of cold‐stress proteins in immobilized cold‐acclimation granules was more active.
Electrode material impact on microbial fuel cell and electro‐Fenton systems for enhanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: A comparative study of graphite and titanium
Authors: Mkilima Timoth , Saspugayeva Gulnur , Tussupova Zhazgul , Kaliyeva Gulzhan , Dakieva Kulzipa , Kumarbekuly Sanat , Tungushbayeva Zukhra , Kalelova Gulfat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater is a complex task demanding careful consideration due to its challenging nature. Therefore, exploring more sustainable treatment methods for this particular type of wastewater is of utmost significance. This research focused on the impact of electrode materials, specifically graphite and titanium, on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and electro‐Fenton systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Both graphite and titanium electrodes displayed increasing current density trends, with titanium outperforming graphite. Titanium showed superior electron transfer and current generation (2.2 to 21.2 mA/m2), while graphite ranged from 2.4 to 18.9 mA/m2. Titanium consistently exhibited higher power density, indicating better efficiency in converting current to power (0.059 to 22.68 mW/m2), compared to graphite (0.059 to 12.25 mW/m2) over the 48‐h period. In removal efficiency within the MFC system alone, titanium exhibited superior performance over graphite in key parameters, including zinc (45.5% vs. 37.19%), total hardness (39.32% vs. 29.4%), and nitrates (66.87% vs. 55.8%). For the electro‐Fenton system with a graphite electrode, the removal efficiency ranged from 34.1% to 87.5%, with an average efficiency of approximately 56.2%. This variability underscores fluctuations in the efficacy of the graphite electrode across diverse wastewater treatment scenarios. On the other hand, the electro‐Fenton system employing a titanium electrode showed removal efficiency values ranging from 26.53% to 89.99%, with an average efficiency of about 68.4%. The titanium electrode exhibits both a comparatively higher and more consistent removal efficiency across the evaluated scenarios. On the other hand, the integrated system achieved more than 90% removal efficiency from most of the parameters. The study underscores the intricate nature of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for sustainable approaches.Practitioner Points

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and electro‐Fenton were investigated for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.
The MFC microbial activity started to decrease after 24 h.
The integrated system achieved up to 99.8% removal efficiency (RE) for total coliform bacteria.
Up to 99.4% of RE was also achieved for total suspended solids (TSS).
The integrated system highly improved RE of the pollutants.
Theoretical Background of Mathematical Statements and Proof
Authors: Damrau Milena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the theoretical basis for the conceptualization of understanding generality and proof is built. Thereby, characteristics of mathematical statements and generality are highlighted, particularly elaborating on how mathematical generality differs from generality in other sciences, it is explained how proof is shaped historically by so-called socio-mathematical norms, and different views and characteristics of proof are discussed. Further, this chapter also discusses usages and relations of the terms reasoning, argumentation, and proving, before different types of arguments widely used in mathematics education are introduced.
A fresh look at the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme: NNLO QCD corrections to N-gluon final states in $$ q\overline{q} $$ annihilation
Authors: Devoto Federica , Melnikov Kirill , Röntsch Raoul , Signorile-Signorile Chiara , Tagliabue Davide Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We describe how the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme [1] can be used to compute the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the production of an arbitrary number of gluonic jets in hadron collisions. We show that the infrared subtraction terms can be combined into recurring structures that in many cases are simple iterations of those terms known from next-to-leading order. The way that these recurring structures are identified and computed is fairly general, and can be applied to any partonic process. As an example, we explicitly demonstrate the cancellation of all singularities in the fully-differential cross section for the $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

→ X + Ng process at NNLO in QCD. The finite remainder of the NNLO QCD contribution, which arises upon cancellation of all ϵ-poles, is expressed via relatively simple formulas, which can be implemented in a numerical code in a straightforward way. Our approach can be extended to describe arbitrary processes at NNLO in QCD; the largest remaining challenge at this point is the combinatorics of quark and gluon collinear limits.
CAT(0) Spaces of Higher Rank I
Authors: Stadler Stephan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA CAT(0) space has rank at least n if every geodesic lies in an n-flat. Ballmann’s Higher Rank Rigidity Conjecture predicts that a CAT(0) space of rank at least 2 with a geometric group action is rigid – isometric to a Riemannian symmetric space, a Euclidean building, or splits as a metric product. This paper is the first in a series motivated by Ballmann’s conjecture. Here we prove that a CAT(0) space of rank at least n≥2 is rigid if it contains a periodic n-flat and its Tits boundary has dimension (n−1). This does not require a geometric group action. The result relies essentially on the study of flats which do not bound flat half-spaces – so-called Morse flats. We show that the Tits boundary ∂TF of a periodic Morse n-flat F contains a regular point – a point with a Tits-neighborhood entirely contained in ∂TF. More precisely, we show that the set of singular points in ∂TF can be covered by finitely many round spheres of positive codimension.
Student advanced trauma management and skills (SATMAS): a validation study
Authors: Kumar Prakrit R. , Large Jamie , Konda Nagarjun , Hashmi Yousuf , Adebayo Oluwasemilore , Sivaraman Meenakshi , Lee Justine J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Despite trauma accounting 9% of global mortality, it has been demonstrated that undergraduate trauma teaching is inadequate nationally and worldwide. With COVID-19 exacerbating this situation, a scalable, accessible, and cost-effective undergraduate trauma teaching is required.

Methods
Our Continual Professional Development United Kingdom (CPUDK)-accredited University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) Major Trauma Service (MTS) affiliated programme consisted of seven biweekly pre-recorded sessions that were delivered online through the Moodle educational platform to University of Birmingham students. Pre- and post-randomised session-specific multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and anonymous feedback forms were administered.

Results
There were 489 student responses, with 63 students completing all seven sessions. On an 8-point scale, students’ objective knowledge scores increased by a mean of 1.2 (p < 0.001). Using a 5-point Likert scale, students also showed improvement in subjective outcomes including their confidence in assessing trauma patient (absolute difference (AD) 1.38, p < 0.001), advising initial investigations and formulating initial management plans (AD 1.78, p < 0.001) and thereby their confidence to manage a trauma patient overall (AD 1.98, p < 0.001). A total of 410 student responses endorsed the online delivery of SATMAS through Moodle and recommended SATMAS to future medical students.

Conclusion
SATMAS has demonstrated positive student feedback and extensive recruitment from only one centre, demonstrating that our programme can be an indispensable low-cost learning resource that prepares undergraduate medical students for their trauma exams and informs the implementation of clinical skills required by all doctors. We publish our pilot study findings to encourage similar teaching programmes to be adopted at other universities nationally and internationally, to synergistically benefit students, tutors, and ultimately patients, on a larger scale.
Numerical parameter sensitivity analysis of residual stresses induced by deep rolling for a 34CrNiMo6 steel railway axle
Authors: Pertoll Tobias , Buzzi Christian , Leitner Martin , Boronkai László 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo optimise the benefits of the deep-rolling process in the service life context of treated components, the process application must be investigated. In addition to the reduction in surface roughness and near-surface material strengthening, compressive residual stresses are introduced, which are primarily responsible for the increase in service life for components, especially in the case of high-strength steel materials. A numerical parameter sensitivity analysis is performed in order to investigate the introduced residual stresses in detail. For this purpose, a validated deep-rolling simulation model is used, which replicates the deep rolling of a railway axle made of the high-strength steel material 34CrNiMo6. The model is based on an elastic-plastic Chaboche material model parameterised on uniaxial tensile and LCF test results and validated with residual stress measurements. Using this model as a basis, the effect of the main process parameters deep-rolling force, feed rate, friction coefficient, number of overruns, tool geometry, and shaft geometry on the resulting residual stress state are investigated. The results reveal that the deep-rolling force has the most significant influence on the introduced residual stress state and should therefore be highlighted. In the case of applying a deep-rolling force of more than 10 kN, maximum compressive residual stresses of around − 1000 MPa are introduced, and a strong saturating behaviour is shown. Maximum compensating tensile residual stresses of + 100 MPa occur below the surface. The main influence of the deep-rolling force is the effective depth achieved, which is determined by the depth of the zero crossing. This varies from 1 mm with an applied force of 2 kN to more than 3.5 mm with 20 kN. Furthermore, the results are analysed to conclude suggestions for the process’s applicability, and a proposal for an optimised deep-rolling treatment is presented. There multiple deep rolling with decreased deep-rolling forces is used to achieve a comparably optimised residual stress state. In summary, with the presented results, a contribution to a deeper understanding of the deep-rolling process can be achieved; the influence of the most important process parameters on the residual stress in-depth profiles is established; an optimisation proposal is presented; and correlations are found. Thus, the base work for further fatigue strength assessments and the optimisation of the deep-rolling process regarding the increase of service is laid.
Semigroup collaborations between elementary operations
Authors: López-Permouth Sergio R. , Nicely Aaron , Zailaee Majed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiven two operations $$*$$

∗

and $$\circ $$
∘
on a set S, an operation $$\star $$
⋆
on S is said to be a collaboration between $$*$$

∗

and $$\circ $$
∘
if for all $$a,b \in S$$

a
,
b
∈
S

, $$a \star b$$

a
⋆
b

$$\in \{a *b, a\circ b \}$$

∈
{
a

∗
b
,
a
∘
b
}

. Another term for collaborations is two-option operations. We are interested in learning what associative collaborations of two given operations $$*$$

∗

and $$\circ $$
∘
there may be. We do not require that $$*$$

∗

and $$\circ $$
∘
themselves be associative. For this project, as an initial experiment, we consider Plus-Minus operations (i.e. collaborations between addition and subtraction on an abelian group) and Plus-Times operations (i.e. collaborations between the addition and multiplication operations on a semiring.) Our study of Plus-Minus operations focuses on the additive integers but extends to ordered groups. For Plus Times operations, we make some headway in the case of the semiring of natural numbers. We produce an exhaustive list of associative collaborations between the usual addition and multiplication on the natural numbers $${\mathbb {N}}$$
N
. The Plus-Times operations we found are all examples of a type of construction which we define here and that we call augmentations by multidentities. An augmentation by multidentities combines two separate magmas A and B to create another, A(B), having $$A \sqcup B$$

A
⊔
B

as underlying set, and in such a way that the elements of B act as identities over those of A. Hence, B consists of a sort of multiple identities (explaining the moniker multidentities.) When A and B are both semigroups then so is A(B). Understanding the connection between certain collaborations and augmentation by multidenties removes, in several cases, the need for cumbersome computations to verify associativity. A final section discusses connections between group collaborations and skew braces.
Ventral mesh rectopexy for recurrent rectal prolapse after Altemeier perineal proctosigmoidectomy: feasibility and outcomes
Authors: Schabl Lukas , Hull Tracy , Erozkan Kamil , Alipouriani Ali , Ban Kristen A. , Steele Scott R. , Spivak Anna R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recurrence of rectal prolapse following the Altemeier procedure is reported with rates up to 40%. The optimal surgical management of recurrences has limited data available. Ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) is a favored procedure for primary rectal prolapse, but its role in managing recurrences after Altemeier is unclear. VMR for recurrent prolapse involves implanting the mesh on the colon, which has a thinner wall, more active peristalsis, no mesorectum, less peritoneum available for covering the mesh, and potential diverticula. These factors can affect mesh-related complications such as erosion, migration, or infection. This study assessed the feasibility and perioperative outcomes of VMR for recurrent rectal prolapse after the Altemeier procedure.

Methods
We queried our prospectively maintained database between 01/01/2008 and 06/30/2022 for patients who had experienced a recurrence of full-thickness rectal prolapse following Altemeier’s perineal proctosigmoidectomy and subsequently underwent ventral mesh rectopexy.

Results
Ten women with a median age of 67 years (range 61) and a median BMI of 27.8 kg/m2 (range 9) were included. Five (50%) had only one Altemeier, and five (50%) had multiple rectal prolapse surgeries, including Altemeier before VMR. No mesh-related complications occurred during a 65-month (range 165) median follow-up period. Three patients (30%) experienced minor postoperative complications unrelated to the mesh. Long-term complications were chronic abdominal pain and incisional hernia in one patient, respectively. One out of five (20%) patients with only one previous prolapse repair had a recurrence, while all patients (100%) with multiple prior repairs recurred.

Conclusion
Mesh implantation on the colon is possible without adverse reactions. However, high recurrence rates in patients with multiple previous surgeries raise doubts about using VMR for secondary or tertiary recurrences.
Exploring CCL11 in breast cancer: unraveling its anticancer potential and immune modulatory effects involving the Akt-S6 signaling
Authors: Chen Xiao , Meng Chenxu , Wang Xinyu , Wu Zanhui , Sun Xinyue , Sun Chenyu , Zheng Lu , Li Wanwan , Jia WenJun , Tang Tong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
CCL11, a chemokine known for recruiting immune cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME), has an unclear role in the context of its expression, patient prognosis, and the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs) in breast cancer.

Methods
The expression of CCL11 in invasive breast cancer (BRCA) was analyzed using TCGA database. Survival curve and Cox regression analysis determined the potential of CCL11 as an independent prognostic indicator. GSEA performed functional analysis on genes related to CCL11. CIBERSORT algorithm quantified the infiltration level of immune cells with varying CCL11 expression. Lastly, the correlation between CCL11 expression and anticancer drug sensitivity was examined. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR confirmed CCL11 expression in clinical tissue samples. The anti-tumor efficacy of CCL11 was investigated using CCK-8, plate formation, transwell assay, and Western blot.

Results
CCL11 expression was elevated in BRCA tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was longer in patients with high expression of CCL11. Enrichment and co-expression analyses revealed CCL11's association with numerous immune-related signaling pathways and genes. Validation studies confirmed high CCL11 expression in breast cancer tissues. In vitro experiments substantiated CCL11's anticancer effects in BRCA.

Conclusion
CCL11 expression correlates with immune cell infiltration in breast cancer, indicating its potential as a prognostic biomarker for BRCA.
Application of waste biomass for the production of biofuels and catalysts: a review
Authors: Quevedo-Amador Ricardo A. , Escalera-Velasco Blanca Paloma , Arias Aida M. Ramírez , Reynel-Ávila Hilda E. , Moreno-Piraján Juan C. , Giraldo Liliana , Bonilla-Petriciolet A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSustainable development is imperative, and the worldwide energy production must focus on the transition from petroleum derivatives to biomass-based biofuels and bioproducts to achieve a bio-based economy. The global interest in the processing of waste biomass to obtain bio-based products is continuously increasing. However, biorefineries have not yet been consolidated. The effective conversion of biomass components for the generation of value-added biochemicals and biofuels is a determining factor for the economic success of biorefineries. Therefore, exhaustive research has been performed to consolidate the biorefinery industry. This review summarizes the current advances in liquid biofuel production and solid catalysts prepared from waste biomass, as well as their advantages, drawbacks, and statistical data. It offers an extensive perspective, covering conventional methods and cutting-edge techniques such as biochemical and thermochemical biomass conversion technologies (e.g., hydrolysis, fermentation, pyrolysis, and gasification) to produce bioalcohols, biodiesel, renewable diesel, bio-jet, and bio-oil. In addition, the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts using residual biomass and different synthesis routes and their role in biofuel production were analyzed. This review contributes to the analysis of the importance of identifying and valorizing a wide spectrum of raw materials (i.e., urban, forestry, industrial, and agricultural) that have the potential to be used as catalyst precursors and biofuel feedstock. Finally, a techno-economic analysis, the main challenges, and the future scope of the diverse methods used to prepare biofuels and catalysts are discussed. This review examines numerous aspects from biomass to catalysts, thus providing relevant information for researchers, students, policymakers, and industry experts.
Graphical abstract