bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization strategies among healthcare institutions
Authors: Bennis Sarah L. , Kulasingam Shalini , Ferrieri Patricia , Kline Susan E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We surveyed 111 institutions’ practices for screening and decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus in presurgical patients. Institutions commonly utilize universal, targeted, or no decolonization strategies. Frequently reported products were nasal mupirocin, chlorhexidine gluconate bathing, and nasal povidone-iodine. Practice variability indicates opportunities to define optimal strategies.
PATTERNS IN SELFED SEED PRODUCTION AND GERMINATION IN AMUR HONEYSUCKLE (LONICERA MAACKII)
Authors: Rivera Benjamin J. , Meilan Richard , Jenkins Michael A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is an aggressive invader of forests throughout the eastern United States. While self-pollination has been identified as an important trait of invasive plant species, this trait is understudied, and Amur honeysuckle is anecdotally described as lacking this characteristic. To examine the ability of Amur honeysuckle to self-pollinate, we selected 171 individual shrubs distributed across nine sites. Each site was grouped into one of three invasion types: heavy, light, and sprouting (sites on which a basal cutting treatment previously occurred, but Amur honeysuckle was allowed to reestablish). We compared the number of berries, seeds per berry, and seed germination rates of self- and open-pollinated flowers by pairing branches covered with pollination bags prior to flower emergence with uncovered branches on the same individual shrub. Out of 171 individuals, 48 produced berries from self-pollination within pollination bags (28%), with 48% of bagged branches exhibiting some degree of necrosis or chlorosis, presumably due to increased temperature and humidity. Berries from self-pollination produced 1.5 ± 1.4 (mean ± 1 SD) seeds per berry, whereas berries resulting from open-pollination produced 3.3 ± 1.5 seeds per berry. In a germination trial, 47.3% of self-pollinated seeds germinated, compared to 41.7% of open-pollinated seeds. This study has shown that Amur honeysuckle can self-pollinate and set viable seed, providing the species with an important mechanism to increase population abundance during the early stages of invasion.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE RURAL LANDSCAPES OF IRON AGE IMPERIAL MESOPOTAMIA PROJECT’S 2022–2023 SEASONS AT QACH RRESH (KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ)
Authors: Creamer Petra M. , Kaercher Kyra , Maynard Glynnis , Babakr Nader , Jodat Ahmad , Laugier Elise J. , Poolman Laurel , Proctor Lucas , Swerida Jennifer , Zane Parker , Vo Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents the preliminary results of investigations at the site of Qach Rresh on the Erbil Plain of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, conducted by the Rural Landscapes of Iron Age Imperial Mesopotamia project (RLIIM). The site of Qach Rresh is estimated to have been founded in the mid–eighth century B.C.E., at the height of the Assyrian Empire, and continued to be utilised in varying capacity until the onset of the Hellenistic period (c. 320 B.C.E.). Magnetic gradiometry survey and excavations currently suggest that Qach Rresh served as a rural administrative/storage center during the Assyrian Empire, which fell into disrepair following the empire’s collapse. The following post-Assyrian/Iron Age III period then saw several of its large buildings repurposed as refuse areas containing debris from largely domestic contexts. Qach Rresh is the first rural settlement investigated within the Assyrian imperial heartland. The results from this project seem to indicate a high degree of Assyrian state or elite involvement in the countryside, serving as a critical first foray into assessing the relationship between urban governing centers and their “hinterlands”.
CICHOŃ’S MAXIMUM WITH EVASION NUMBER
Authors: YAMAZOE TAKASHI 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show that the evasion number

$\mathfrak {e}$

can be added to Cichoń’s maximum with a distinct value. More specifically, it is consistent that

$\aleph _1<\operatorname {\mathrm {add}}(\mathcal {N})<\operatorname {\mathrm {cov}}(\mathcal {N})<\mathfrak {b}<\mathfrak {e}<\operatorname {\mathrm {non}}(\mathcal {M})<\operatorname {\mathrm {cov}}(\mathcal {M})<\mathfrak {d}<\operatorname {\mathrm {non}}(\mathcal {N})<\operatorname {\mathrm {cof}}(\mathcal {N})<2^{\aleph _0}$

holds.
MANY-ONE REDUCIBILITY WITH REALIZABILITY
Authors: KIHARA TAKAYUKI 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, we propose a new classification of

$\Sigma ^0_2$

formulas under the realizability interpretation of many-one reducibility (i.e., Levin reducibility). For example,

$\mathsf {Fin}$

, the decision of being eventually zero for sequences, is many-one/Levin complete among

$\Sigma ^0_2$

formulas of the form

$\exists n\forall m\geq n.\varphi (m,x)$

, where

$\varphi $

is decidable. The decision of boundedness for sequences

$\mathsf {BddSeq}$

and for width of posets

$\mathsf {FinWidth}$

are many-one/Levin complete among

$\Sigma ^0_2$

formulas of the form

$\exists n\forall m\geq n\forall k.\varphi (m,k,x)$

, where

$\varphi $

is decidable. However, unlike the classical many-one reducibility, none of the above is

$\Sigma ^0_2$

-complete. The decision of non-density of linear orders

$\mathsf {NonDense}$

is truly

$\Sigma ^0_2$

-complete.
ON FREE ULTRAFILTERS ON
$\omega $
WITH WELL-ORDERABLE BASES IN
$\mathsf {ZF}$
Authors: TACHTSIS ELEFTHERIOS 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In

$\mathsf {ZF}$

(i.e., Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory minus the axiom of choice (

$\mathsf {AC}$

)), we investigate the open problem of the deductive strength of the principle
UFwob(ω): “There exists a free ultrafilter on ω with a well-orderable base”,

which was introduced by Herzberg, Kanovei, Katz, and Lyubetsky [(2018), Journal of Symbolic Logic, 83(1), 385–391]. Typical results are:

(1)
“

$\aleph _{1}\leq 2^{\aleph _{0}}$

” is strictly weaker than

$\mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

.

(2)
“There exists a free ultrafilter on

$\omega $

” does not imply “

$\aleph _{1}\leq 2^{\aleph _{0}}$

” in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

, and thus (by (1)) neither does it imply

$\mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

. This fills the gap in information in Howard and Rubin [Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, American Mathematical Society, 1998], as well as in Herzberg et al. (2018).

(3)
Martin’s Axiom (

$\mathsf {MA}$

) implies “no free ultrafilter on

$\omega $

has a well-orderable base of cardinality

$<2^{\aleph _{0}}$

”, and the latter principle is not implied by

$\aleph _{0}$

-Martin’s Axiom (

$\mathsf {MA}(\aleph _{0})$

) in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

.

(4)

$\mathsf {MA} + \mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

implies

$\mathsf {AC}(\mathbb {R})$

(the axiom of choice for non-empty sets of reals), which in turn implies

$\mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

. Furthermore,

$\mathsf {MA}$

and

$\mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

are mutually independent in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

.

(5)
For any infinite linearly orderable set X, each of “every filter base on X can be well ordered” and “every filter on X has a well-orderable base” is equivalent to “

$\wp (X)$

can be well ordered”. This yields novel characterizations of the principle “every linearly ordered set can be well ordered” in

$\mathsf {ZFA}$

(i.e., Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with atoms), and of

$\mathsf {AC}$

in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

.

(6)
“Every filter on

$\mathbb {R}$

has a well-orderable base” implies “every filter on

$\omega $

has a well-orderable base”, which in turn implies

$\mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

, and none of these implications are reversible in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

.

(7)
“Every filter on

$\omega $

can be extended to an ultrafilter with a well-orderable base” is equivalent to

$\mathsf {AC}(\mathbb {R}),$

and thus is strictly stronger than

$\mathsf {UF_{wob}}(\omega )$

in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

.

(8)
“Every filter on

$\omega $

can be extended to an ultrafilter” implies “there exists a free ultrafilter on

$\omega $

which has no well-orderable base of cardinality

${<2^{\aleph _{0}}}$

”. The former principle does not imply “there exists a free ultrafilter on

$\omega $

which has no well-orderable base” in

$\mathsf {ZF}$

, and the latter principle is true in the Basic Cohen Model.
DESCRIPTIVE PROPERTIES OF I2-EMBEDDINGS
Authors: DIMONTE VINCENZO , IANNELLA MARTINA , LÜCKE PHILIPP 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We contribute to the study of generalizations of the Perfect Set Property and the Baire Property to subsets of spaces of higher cardinalities, like the power set

${\mathcal {P}}({\lambda })$

of a singular cardinal

$\lambda $

of countable cofinality or products

$\prod _{i<\omega }\lambda _i$

for a strictly increasing sequence

$\langle {\lambda _i}~\vert ~{i<\omega }\rangle $

of cardinals. We consider the question under which large cardinal hypothesis classes of definable subsets of these spaces possess such regularity properties, focusing on rank-into-rank axioms and classes of sets definable by

$\Sigma _1$

-formulas with parameters from various collections of sets. We prove that

$\omega $

-many measurable cardinals, while sufficient to prove the perfect set property of all

$\Sigma _1$

-definable sets with parameters in

$V_\lambda \cup \{V_\lambda \}$

, are not enough to prove it if there is a cofinal sequence in

$\lambda $

in the parameters. For this conclusion, the existence of an I2-embedding is enough, but there are parameters in

$V_{\lambda +1}$

for which I2 is still not enough. The situation is similar for the Baire property: under I2 all sets that are

$\Sigma _1$

-definable using elements of

$V_\lambda $

and a cofinal sequence as parameters have the Baire property, but I2 is not enough for some parameter in

$V_{\lambda +1}$

. Finally, the existence of an I0-embedding implies that all sets that are

$\Sigma ^1_n$

-definable with parameters in

$V_{\lambda +1}$

have the Baire property.
Gendering Justice in the Chilean Courts: Institutional Developments and Legal Actors’ Perspectives
Authors: Parodi Karime 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines how, why, and with what limitations judges have adopted a gendered perspective (perspectiva de género) in Chile. It addresses why the Supreme Court’s Secretariat of Gender and Nondiscrimination advocates for a particular understanding of the concept, how judges understand and apply it, and the barriers they perceive to its implementation. Drawing on interviews, ethnographic fieldwork, and analysis of court rulings, the study identifies four ways in which judges understand a “gendered perspective”: as a method to detect stereotypes, a tool to analyze context, an instrument to reach a fair result, and a rejection of the notion of loosening evidentiary standards. The article argues that in contemporary Chile, different legal cultures shape disparate understandings about a gendered perspective. There is significant contestation between understandings endorsed by the dominant textualist legal culture and those favored by the emerging interpretive legal culture. By illuminating the limitations Chilean judges face in this evolving area of the law, the study contributes insights of relevance for our understanding of the factors that affect gender and judging in Latin America and beyond.
Less Wound and More Asymmetric: JWST Confirms the Evolution of Spiral Structure in Galaxies at z ≲ 3
Authors: Chugunov Ilia V. , Marchuk Alexander A. , Mosenkov Aleksandr V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spiral galaxies are ubiquitous in the local Universe. However the properties of spiral arms in them are still not well studied, and there is even less information concerning spiral structure in distant galaxies. We aim to measure the most general parameters of spiral arms in remote galaxies and trace their changes with redshift. We perform photometric decomposition, including spiral arms, for 159 galaxies from the HST COSMOS and JWST CEERS and JADES surveys, which are imaged in optical and near-infrared rest-frame wavelengths. We confirm that, in our representative sample of spiral galaxies, the pitch angles increase, and the azimuthal lengths decrease with increasing redshift, implying that the spiral structure becomes more tightly wound over time. For the spiral-to-total luminosity ratio and the spiral width-to-disc scale length ratio, we find that band-shifting effects can be as significant as, or even stronger than, evolutionary effects. Additionally, we find that spiral structure becomes more asymmetric at higher redshifts.
A stability inequality for planar lens partition
Authors: Bonacini Marco , Cristoferi Riccardo , Topaloglu Ihsan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently it has been shown that the unique local perimeter minimizing partitioning of the plane into three regions, where one region has finite area and the other two have infinite measure, is given by the so-called standard lens partition. Here we prove a sharp stability inequality for the standard lens, hence strengthening the local minimality of the lens partition in a quantitative form. As an application of this stability result we consider a nonlocal perturbation of an isoperimetric problem.
Possibilities and limitations of new radiocarbon dating for the Maucallacta site, dep. Arequipa, Peru
Authors: Sobczyk Maciej , Rakowski Andrzej Z , Siemianowska Sylwia , Kłaput Jan , Pawlyta Jacek , Sieczkowska-Jacyna Dominika , Olaya Cotera Claudio , Ancapichun Santiago 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the development of radiocarbon dating methods in the last decade, the Andean archaeological community has successfully leaned into the problem of the chronology of the expansion of the Inca State. While this chronology was based on ethnohistorical accounts (Rowe 1945), it has been possible to verify its foundations precisely in the last decade. The results from the Maucallacta region are part of these discussions and are intended to add new data from the Inca province of Kuntisuyu, which was neglected in this debate until now. The project encompasses archaeological investigations near the snow-covered volcano Coropuna, frequently mentioned by chroniclers of the 16th and 17th centuries as an oracle worshiped since pre-Inca times. This includes a large complex known as Maucallacta-Pampacolca, located approximately 170 km northwest of Arequipa in the southern highlands of Peru, within the District of Pampacolca, Province of Castilla, Department of Arequipa (LS; 3750 m asl). Due to its location, it holds a unique relationship with the Coropuna landscape. The site is a vast administrative center featuring over three hundred stone buildings, tombs, and ceremonial structures. Among them, the most important is the large ceremonial platform with ushnu and the dumps deposited beneath it. The analysis of ceramics and animal bones, combined with stratigraphic analysis and the results of new calibrations and interpretations of radiocarbon dates, provides a comprehensive picture of the formation and use of ceremonial dumps at the site, making them one of the most thoroughly examined collections in this regard.
“The Field of Endless Intrigue”: The Contest for North Iranian Oil, 1916–1947
Authors: Conlin Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The interwar period saw fitful attempts by British, American, French, and Russian interests to secure oil concessions for Iran’s northern provinces, in a region traditionally perceived as a Russian sphere of interest. Drawing on corporate as well as familiar state archives, this article argues that the contest over concessions in this region served political more than narrowly economic agendas. Although this contest was convoluted, repetitive, and ultimately inconclusive, it sheds light on the emergence of a world oil cartel, as well as the relations between oil-producing and oil-consuming countries before World War II. This article challenges familiar state-centered narratives of oil diplomacy and critiques the tendency to view the history of Iranian oil as one of all-out plunder by Britain and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. It outlines the political as well as intellectual obstacles—obstacles not only to achieving a more equitable allocation of Pahlavi Iran’s oil wealth prior to Mossadegh’s 1951 nationalization, but to conceptualizing what such an equitable allocation might have looked like.
‘Jostling for right of way’: Hawker discourse, legitimation, and politics in post-independence Malay(si)a, 1957–1969
Authors: Yern Chin Kar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article investigates the developments of hawker discourse and movements across the Malay(si)an peninsula in the first decade of independence. Looking at news coverage and municipal records, it examines the contingent, gendered, and egalitarian qualities of hawking as labour which led to its adoption by people experiencing hardship, and influenced the ways in which municipal authorities and the public discussed hawkers. In effect, hawkers, long significant to the historical and cultural systems of Malayan trade, were recharacterized as vulnerable subjects at the urban margins. The article then explores how local administrations understood and regulated hawkers through categories of location, race, and food, shaping the politics and governance of hawkers in public spaces. To engage with such governance, hawkers formed associations that protested against injustice and established dialogue with municipal and town councils, impelling authorities to consider a more significant inclusion of hawking in street planning. Throughout the period, the potential and limits of hawker inclusion in post-colonial public spaces became subject to significant debate between municipal authorities, political representatives, and hawkers. As local administrations eventually deepened their commitment to support hawkers, they also expanded their regulation, signifying a cautious imperative to legitimate hawkers and influencing the logic of post-independence planned spaces.
Estimated baseline density of a spotted hyaena population in a post-war landscape
Authors: Briers-Louw Willem D. , Kendon Tamar A. , Rogan Matthew S. , Leslie Alison J. , Bantlin Drew , Evers Emma , Gaynor David , Lindsey Peter , Almeida João , Naude Vincent N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta is relatively understudied across its range despite evidence of widespread declines. It is therefore essential that robust baseline population density assessments are conducted to inform current management and future conservation policy. In Mozambique this is urgent as decades of armed conflict followed by unchecked poaching have resulted in large-scale wildlife declines and extirpations. We conducted the first robust population density estimate for a spotted hyaena population in Mozambique using spatially explicit capture–recapture methodologies. We recorded a relatively low population density of 0.8–2.1 hyaenas/100 km2 in the wildlife management area Coutada 11 in the Zambezi Delta of central Mozambique in 2021. These densities are well below the estimated carrying capacity for the landscape and are comparable to published densities in high human-impact, miombo woodland-dominated and arid environments. The combination of historical armed conflict, marginal trophy hunting and bushmeat poaching using wire snares and gin traps (with physical injuries evident in 9% of identified individuals) presents persistent anthropogenic pressure, limiting the post-war recovery of this resident hyaena population. We provide insights into the dynamics of hyaena population status and recovery in such post-war landscapes, adding to mounting evidence that the species is less resilient to severe anthropogenic disturbances than previously believed. We recommend long-term monitoring of this and other carnivore populations in post-war landscapes to ascertain demographic trends and implement effective conservation interventions for population recovery.
A Preface to the First Critique: Reason’s Desire and Kant’s Political History of Metaphysics
Authors: Anderson Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kant begins the 1781 Preface of the Critique of Pure Reason with a history of metaphysics told as a sequence of failed political regimes. This history has been largely passed over both in the literature on Kant’s metaphysics and in that on his political philosophy. This article provides an interpretation of Kant’s history of metaphysical regimes as a way of exploring the political themes and aims of the First Critique. Kant’s opening narrative articulates the role his critique of metaphysics plays in establishing the possibility of a lawful order of reason that defends morality against threats arising from reason’s theoretical dissatisfaction. The political history of metaphysics presented in the A Preface reveals Kant’s understanding of the public role philosophy must undertake in the context of the modern crisis of reason.
An ulus within an ulus: the afterlife of Ariq Böke's appanage in the Mongol Empire (1252–1336)
Authors: Hope Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 1206 Chinggis Khan replaced the warring factions of Mongolia with a single polity, the Great Mongol Realm (Yeke Mongqol Ulus). The ulus was ruled by a khan, who allocated pastures, households and revenues to his relatives as shares (qubi). Chinggis granted the first allocation to his brothers and senior sons in 1207 but many more redistributions took place in the coming decades. Many of these appanages grew so large that their holders challenged the khan's dominance and even broke free of his control to form their own polities (uluses). This article will explore the fluidity of the Mongol appanage system by taking the qubi of Chinggis Khan's grandson Ariq Böke (d. 1266) as a case study. The Ariq Bökids established their own secondary ulus in Inner Asia, before fragmenting and lending their support to neighbouring khans in the fourteenth century.
Legacies and Legalities: Bequests of Land to Ecclesiastical Institutions in England c. 1180–1300
Authors: White Sarah B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In English testamentary history, there is a clear divide between Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman testamentary practice, with the primary difference being that in the latter case, heritable land could not be bequeathed. Once the transfer of land required the livery of seisin, a practice introduced during the reign of Henry II (1154–89), it was not possible for a gift of land to take effect upon the death of the owner, and the royal courts did not consider the intention to dispose of a tenement, as expressed in a will, sufficient in itself to complete the transfer. Nonetheless, an examination of extant wills from the period 1180–1300 demonstrates that some testators (or indeed beneficiaries) may have thought that bequests of land were possible or even enforceable. How do these wills fit into the legal framework of the time? If a bequest could not be enforced in the royal courts, what reasons might someone have for attempting to make one, and how might they try to ensure that the bequest held?