bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient gene expression: Recombinant protein production with suspension‐adapted HEK293‐EBNA cells
Authors: Meissner Petra , Pick Horst , Kulangara Alexandra , Chatellard Philippe , Friedrich Kirstin , Wurm Florian M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransient gene expression (TGE) in mammalian cells at the reactor scale is becoming increasingly important for the rapid production of recombinant proteins. We improved a process for transient calcium phosphate‐based transfection of HEK293‐EBNA cells in a 1–3 L bioreactor volume. Cells were adapted to suspension culture using a commercially available medium (BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD). Process parameters were optimized using a plasmid reporter vector encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP/CLONTECH, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Using GFP as a marker‐protein, we observed by microscopic examination transfection efficiencies between 70–100%. Three different recombinant proteins were synthesized within a timeframe of 7 days from time of transfection to harvest. The first, a human recombinant IgG1‐type antibody, was secreted into the supernatant of the cell culture and achieved a final concentration of >20 mg/L. An E. coli‐derived DNA‐binding protein remained intracellular, as expected, but accumulated to such a concentration that the lysate of cells, taken up into the entire culture volume, gave a concentration of 18 mg/L. The third protein, a transmembrane receptor, was expressed at 3–6 × 106 molecules/cell. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 197–203, 2001.
Validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the enantiospecific quantitation of zopiclone in plasma
Authors: Gebauer Markus G. , Alderman Christopher P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractZopiclone is a hypnosedative with clinical effects similar to benzodiazepines but thought to have less potential for rebound insomnia and withdrawal effects. Zopiclone is administered as a racemic mixture, and an enantiospecific method of analysis of zopiclone in plasma is desirable in the study of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. We report a modification of an HPLC method reported by Foster et al. using a closely related structural analogue of zopiclone as internal standard. Zopiclone was detected at 306 nm and linear calibration curves were constructed in the range of 1.0–250 ng/mL for each enantiomer. The % CV at 2.5 ng/mL was 12.0% for (−)‐zopiclone and 14.3% for (+)‐zopiclone, and the limit of quantification of each enantiomer was 2.5 ng/mL. At higher concentrations, the coefficient of variation was less than 10%. The nominal concentration of quality control samples was predicted with an accuracy within a range of ±11.6%. The method was used in the analysis of plasma obtained from psychiatric patients. One sample obtained following a non‐fatal overdose with zopiclone contained the metabolites (−)‐N‐oxide zopiclone and both enantiomers of desmethyl zopiclone. The metabolite enantiomers were resolved on the column with retention times similar to zopiclone. The N‐oxide metabolite co‐eluted with internal standard. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental management of transnational corporations in India—are TNCs creating islands of environmental excellence in a sea of dirt?
Authors: Ruud Audun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses how and to what extent local environmental practices at affiliated units of transnational corporations (TNCs) are influenced by TNC headquarters (HQ). The study focuses on intra‐firm dynamics of what is termed ‘cross‐border environmental management’ of TNCs. The study documents that the environmental management of TNC‐affiliated units in India are strongly influenced by HQ's environmental policies and standards. However, it is found that there are deviations in local practices from intentions and policy commitments stated at HQ. This can be particularly attributed to local economic and political factors. Cross‐border environmental management is making a difference. However it is limited to affiliated TNC units and few additional external environmental impacts are documented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Anatomic relation between the nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) and the spinal dura mater in the craniocervical region
Authors: Dean N.A. , Mitchell B.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are inconsistencies between the descriptions of the physical connections between the spinal cervical dura and the surrounding tissues. This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between the spinal dura, the nuchal ligament and the suboccipital muscles. Dissections were performed on embalmed cadavers: in nine the relevant structures were removed en bloc, whereas in one a sagittal section was prepared. In all specimens it was possible to demonstrate continuity in the midline between the nuchal ligament and the posterior spinal dura at the atlanto‐occipital and atlanto‐axial intervals. No such attachments were found caudal to the arch of the axis. In addition, there was a connective tissue bridge between the deep aspect of the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle to the transverse fibers of the posterior atlanto‐occipital membrane that extended laterally to blend with the perivascular tissue of the vertebral arteries. The present study is, we believe, the first to describe continuity between the nuchal ligament and the dura at the atlanto‐occipital interspace, and confirms previous descriptions of similar connections at the atlanto‐axial level. Knowledge of the exact attachments of the dura may contribute to understanding the biomechanics of the cervical spine and of the possible etiology of some types of cervicogenic headaches. Clin. Anat. 15:182–185, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors affecting children's disclosure of secrets in an investigatory interview
Authors: Hartwig Janine , Wilson J. Clare 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify how children's understanding of the investigatory interview process influenced their disclosure of secrets. Forty‐four 6‐year‐ and 7‐year‐old children participated in the study. Four short stories were read to each child. The stories were about young children who witnessed an event (e.g. witnessing a person stealing a pizza) and were asked to keep the witnessed event secret, then they were interviewed by an authority figure (e.g. security guard) and asked repeatedly about what they had witnessed. After each story, a series of questions were asked that related to factors that might aid the disclosure of the secret. Three main factors were investigated: children's perception of the interviewer's knowledge of the incident; children's perception of the purpose of the interview; and children's understanding of the purpose of asking repeat questions. Results indicated that a child's perception of how much an interviewer appeared to know about a secret, and whether the child was repeatedly asked about the secret do influence a child's disclosure of a secret. However, there was no effect for the purpose of the interview. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stent implantation for long‐segment coarctation of aorta in infant with facial and mediastinal hemangioma
Authors: Matitiau Abraham , Birk Einat , Schonfeld Tommy , Zalzstein Eli , Berant Michael , Bruckheimer Elchanan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a case of an infant with an extensive hemangioma encompassing the thoracic aorta, associated with complex coarctation. Surgical approach was abandoned for fear of bleeding. The complexity of the coarctation made it unsuitable for balloon dilation. We implanted a stent with significant angiographic improvement and resolution of systemic hypertension. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:510–512. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of light transmission aggregometry and automated bedside platelet function assays in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and receiving abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban
Authors: Simon Daniel I. , Liu Christopher B. , Ganz Peter , Kirshenbaum James M. , Piana Robert N. , Rogers MD Campbell , Selwyn MD Andrew P. , Popma Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlatelet inhibition is central to the efficacy of glycoprotein (GP) IIb‐IIIa antagonist therapy, but is not routinely measured during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data directly comparing the antiplatelet effects of these agents are also limited. Therefore, we compared ex vivo platelet function by standard light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and two automated bedside platelet function assays in 36 patients undergoing PCI with GP IIb‐IIIa inhibitors. At baseline and 10 min following clinically recommended bolus and infusion of abciximab (0.25 mg/kg, 0.125 μg/kg/min), eptifibatide (180 μg/kg, 2 μg/kg/min), or tirofiban (10 μg/kg, 0.1 μg/kg/min), we measured 20 μM ADP‐ and 1.9 mg/mL collagen‐induced platelet aggregation using LTA. Platelet function was also assessed using the bedside Accumetrics Ultegra‐Rapid Platelet Function Assay (RPFA) and the Xylum Clot Signature Analyzer (CSA). The degree of platelet inhibition, as assessed by LTA, varied significantly between the clinically recommended doses of these GP IIb‐IIIa antagonists. RPFA measurements agreed closely with LTA for abciximab, but tended to overestimate the degree of platelet inhibition for small molecules. CSA demonstrated profoundly inhibited shear‐induced platelet function, but lacked sensitivity to discriminate between agents. These findings may have implications for the results of trials comparing the efficacy of these agents in patients undergoing PCI. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:425–432. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility of intravascular ultrasound and intracoronary Doppler measurements
Authors: Gaster Anne Louise , Korsholm Lars , Thayssen> Per , Pedersen, Knud E. , Haghfelt Torben H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intracoronary (IC) Doppler flow velocity measurements. The use of IVUS and IC Doppler has been suggested as a means for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guidance in a series of studies. This would require an acceptable level of accuracy and reproducibility of these two methods for lesion evaluation. In this study, the main focus was on the issue of reproducibility. One hundred and eight patients referred for PCI entered into the study. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was measured. Catheter difference was assessed. On‐line and off‐line measurements were compared. MUSIC criteria were assessed off‐line, twice. Calculated and measured diameters were compared. After having obtained initial IC Doppler measurements, the Doppler wire was immediately withdrawn and repositioned for reacquisition of Doppler measurements. IVUS measurements are reproducible and reliable off‐line and, to a slightly lesser degree, on‐line. Area measurements should be performed more than once and the mean used for vessel description. Lumen diameters should be calculated from the mean of the area measurements. A measuring technique consensus should be reached and adhered to. CFR measurements can be used to determine reduced vs. normal flow reserve. In this study, it was found that proximal to distal velocity ratio and diastolic to systolic velocity ratio variability made these parameters unsuitable for PCI guidance. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:449–458. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Healing response to the clamshell device for closure of intracardiac defects in humans
Authors: Kreutzer Jacqueline , Ryan Carol A. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Van Praagh Richard , Anderson James M. , Jenkins Kathy J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe healing response to intracardiac devices in humans is largely unknown. During regulatory trials using the Clamshell device in over 800 patients, attempts were made to perform histopathological evaluation of all explanted devices. We reviewed all those with complete histopathological examination (n = 12) from Fontan baffles (n = 4), ventricular septal defects (n = 2), and atrial septal defects (ASD; n = 6), explanted at 2.7 months to 3.6 years (median, 1.6 years), at autopsy (n = 1) or surgery (n = 11), performed for residual defects (n = 5), atrial masses (n = 3), or Fontan revision (n = 3). All but one were nearly (n = 3) or completely (n = 8) covered by pseudointima, composed of fibroelastic tissue, predominantly collagen, with focal foreign body reaction in contact with fabric, without acute inflammation or infection. Atrial masses of granulation tissue were present in three cases (ASD), opposite to protruding fractured arms. No associations were identified between coverage and closure status, position, arm fractures, or implant period. In conclusion, the healing response to transcatheter Clamshell implantation in humans is characterized by a relatively rapid development of a nonthrombotic pseudointima composed of fibroelastic tissue with minimal foreign body reaction. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:101–111. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal treatment of nonaorto ostial coronary lesions in large vessels: Acute and long‐term results
Authors: Tan Ren P. , Kini Annapoorna , Shalouh Eli , Marmur Jonathan D. , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPercutaneous interventions of nonaorto ostial coronary lesions are usually complex, often requiring a combined approach of debulking and stenting, insertion of multiple guidewires and long procedure duration. Debulking with atherectomy device preserves side‐branch patency by reducing plaque shift while coronary stenting minimizes vessel recoil and restenosis. We retrospectively evaluated the acute and long‐term results of rotational atherectomy (group R, n = 94), coronary stenting (group S, n = 39), and combination of rotational atherectomy and stenting (group R‐S, n = 59) in a total of 192 patients with nonaorto ostial lesions. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus and rest angina was significantly higher in groups S and R‐S. Clinical success rates were high and procedural complication rates were low and comparable in all three groups. Despite the similar reference vessel size and preprocedure minimal lumen diameter (MLD), postprocedure MLD showed a trend toward larger lumen in groups S (3.15 ± 0.18 mm) and R‐S (3.21 ± 0.16 mm). Group S had significantly higher incidence of side‐branch narrowing (30.7%), requiring intervention (15.4%). At long‐term follow‐up (mean of 9 ± 4 months), target lesion revascularization rate was significantly lower in groups R‐S (11.9%) and S (15.4%) compared to group R (28.9%; P = 0.02). Our nonrandomized data suggest that stenting with or without rotational atherectomy provides the best long‐term approach for the interventional treatment of nonaorto ostial coronary lesions. The clinical benefit and cost effectiveness of performing rotational atherectomy before stent implantation to reduce the incidence of side‐branch closure requires further study. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:283–288. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of radial artery spasm using an automatic pullback device
Authors: Kiemeneij Ferdinand , Vajifdar Bhavesh U. , Eccleshall Simon C. , Laarman GertJan , Slagboom Ton , van der Wieken Ron 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCurrent evaluation of radial artery spasm (RAS), a frequent finding during the transradial approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty (TRA), is subjective. A quantitative measure of RAS will help in evaluation and comparison of management strategies. The objectives of the study were to assess the feasibility and safety of using an automatic pullback device (APD) for removal of transradial introducer sheaths and to establish a parameter to quantify RAS. In 50 consecutive transradial procedures, the APD was used to measure the force required for sheath removal. The mean maximal pullback force (MPF) was 0.53 ± 0.52 kg (range, 0.1–3.0 kg). In 48 (96%) cases, the MPF was reached within the first 5 sec of pullback. All patients with clinical RAS (n = 4) had an MPF greater than 1.0 kg, while the remaining had an MPF less than 1.0 kg. All patients with severe pain during sheath removal (n = 3) had an MPF greater than 1.0 kg, while no patient with an MPF less than 1.0 kg had severe pain. It is feasible and safe to remove transradial introducer sheaths using the APD. The MPF is achieved within the first 5 sec of pullback and is a reliable parameter to quantify RAS. An MPF more than 1.0 kg correlates with clinical RAS and is associated with severe pain during sheath removal. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:437–441. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centrosome and spindle pole microtubules are main targets of a fluorescent taxoid inducing cell death
Authors: Abal Miguel , Souto André A. , Amat‐Guerri Francisco , Acuña A. Ulises , Andreu Jose M. , Barasoain Isabel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrotubules offer a very large local concentration of binding sites for cytotoxic taxoids or for hypothetical endogenous regulators. Several compounds from diverse sources stabilize microtubules and arrest cell division similarly to the antitumour drug Taxol. We have investigated the subcellular location of the Taxol binding sites, employing a fluorescent taxoid (FLUTAX) that reversibly interacts with the Taxol binding sites of microtubules and induces cellular effects similar to Taxol. The specific binding of FLUTAX to a fraction of the available cellular binding sites effectively inhibits division of cultured human tumour cells at G2/M, and triggers apoptotic death. The loci of reversible binding, directly imaged in intact U937 cells treated with cytotoxic doses of fluorescent taxoid are the centrosomes, with a few associated microtubules in interphase cells, and the spindle pole microtubules in mitotic cells, instead of uniformly labelling the microtubule cytoskeleton. Cytoskeletal lesions induced and visualized with FLUTAX consist of microtubule bundles and abnormal mitoses, including monopolar spindles and highly fluorescent multipolar spindles. The multiple asters and monopolar spindles mark arrested U937 leukaemia and OVCAR‐3 ovarian carcinoma cells on their path to apoptosis (as well as K562, HeLa, and MCF‐7 cells). Depending on the FLUTAX treatment, OVCAR‐3 cells died from abnormal mitosis or from a subsequent interphase with double chromatin content and lobulated nuclei (micronuclei), indicating impairment of centrosome separation. Fragmented centrosomes could be observed in FLUTAX‐treated non‐transformed 3T3.A31 cells, which developed micronuclei but were resistant to apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that centrosomal impairment by taxoid binding during interphase, in addition to the suppression of the kinetochore microtubule dynamics in the mitotic spindle, is a primary cause of cell cycle de‐regulation and cell death. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:1–15, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
De novo formation of cytokeratin filament networks originates from the cell cortex in A‐431 cells
Authors: Windoffer Reinhard , Leube Rudolf E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOf the three major cytoskeletal filament systems, the intermediate filaments are the least understood. Since they differ fundamentally from the actin‐ and microtubule‐based networks by their lack of polarity, it has remained a mystery how and where these principally endless filaments are formed. Using a recently established epithelial cell system in which fluorescently labeled intermediate filaments of the cytokeratin type can be monitored in living cells, we address these issues. By multidimensional time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy, we examine de novo intermediate filament network formation from non‐filamentous material at the end of mitosis and show that it mirrors disassembly. It is demonstrated that filament formation is initiated from the cell cortex without focal preference after cytokinesis. Furthermore, it is shown that this process is dependent on energy, on the integrity of the actin filament network and the microtubule system, and that it can be inhibited by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. Based on these observations, a two‐step working model is proposed involving (1) interactions within the planar cortical layer acting as an organizing center forming a two‐dimensional network and (2) subsequent radial dynamics facilitating the formation of a mature three‐dimensional network. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:33–44, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spin‐1 nuclear quadrupole resonance theory with comparisons to nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Lee Y.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe theory of pure spin‐1 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) excitation and detection is presented with comparisons to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Even though the dominating Hamiltonians in pure NQR and NMR have different symmetry properties, in both single resonant frequency spin‐1 NQR and spin‐½ NMR the spin dynamics are isolated to two resonant energy levels, leading to close parallels in the calculations of their respective signals. The theory of spin‐1 NQR is presented in terms of matrix calculations and fictitious spin‐½ operators, and the analysis focuses on the similarities and differences of the spin‐1 NQR and spin‐½ NMR physical interpretations and rotational symmetry properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magn Reson 14, 155–171, 2002.
Expression of CD40 ligand (CD154) in B and T lymphocytes of Hodgkin disease
Authors: Clodi Katharina , Asgari Zahra , Younes Mamoun , Palmer J. Lynn , Cabanillas Fernando , Carbone Antonino , Andreeff Michael , Younes Anas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe malignant Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (H/RS) cells of Hodgkin disease (HD) express CD30 and CD40 receptors that can activate nuclear factor kappa B and transduce survival signals. The authors have reported previously that the B lymphocytes of HD express CD30 ligand (CD30L, CD153). Furthermore, they and others have reported previously that the CD40L survival pathway is augmented in patients with B‐cell malignancies, as CD40L was constitutively expressed by the malignant B cells and infiltrating T cells, and sera from those patients contained elevated levels of soluble CD40L. In this study, the authors investigated the hypothesis that the survival of H/RS cells was similarly promoted by an augmented CD40L signals in HD patients.METHODSThe expression of CD40L on lymphocyte subsets of patients with classic HD was determined by two‐color fluorescent‐activated cell sorter analysis. Serum soluble CD40L levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSCD40L was constitutively expressed on both the T and B cells of HD patients but was more prominently expressed on the B lymphocytes. Soluble CD40L was detected in the serum of 17 of 37 patients (45%) and was higher than 1 ng/mL in 4 patients (10%). Both interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10, which are known to be secreted by H/RS cells and surrounding T cells, up‐regulated CD40L expression on normal B cells.CONCLUSIONSThus, the expression of CD40L and CD30L on the B cells of HD patients suggests that B lymphocytes may play a role in the regulation of H/RS cell growth in vivo. Depriving H/RS cells from CD30L and CD40L survival signals by eliminating B cells from HD lesions may be of therapeutic value. Cancer 2002;94:1–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society.