bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tebuconazole on morphology, structure, cell wall components and trichothecene production of Fusarium culmorum in vitro
Authors: Kang Zhensheng , Huang Lili , Krieg Ulrich , Mauler‐Machnik Astrid , Buchenauer Heinrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of tebuconazole, a systemic fungicide, on the morphology, structure, cell wall components and toxin production of Fusarium culmorum were investigated in vitro. Treatment was by application of four filter paper strips (0.75 cm × 5.0 cm) soaked in 20 µg ml −1 fungicide placed around a point inoculum in Petri dishes. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by fungicide treatment. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that the fungicide caused irregular swelling and excessive branching of hyphae. The morphological changes induced by the fungicide at the ultrastructural level included considerable thickening of the hyphal cell walls, excessive septation, the formation of the incomplete septa, extensive vacuolisation, accumulation of lipid bodies and progressing necrosis or degeneration of the hyphal cytoplasm. Non‐membrane inclusion bodies were often detected in the hyphal cytoplasm. Furthermore, the formation of new hyphae (daughter hyphae) inside collapsed hyphal cells was common following treatment. The daughter hyphae also displayed severe alterations such as irregular thickening of the cell walls and necrosis of the cytoplasm. Using cytochemical techniques, the labelling densities of chitin and β‐1,3‐glucan in the cell walls of the fungicide‐treated hyphae were more pronounced than in those of the control hyphae. Moreover, immunogold labelling with antiserum against deoxynivalenol (DON) revealed that Fusarium toxin DON was localized in the cell walls, cytoplasm, mitochondria and vacuoles of the hyphae from the control and the fungicide treatment, but the labelling density in the fungicide‐treated hyphae decreased dramatically compared with the control hyphae, indicating that tebuconazole reduced Fusarium toxin production of the fungus.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Insecticidal and binding activities of N3‐substituted imidacloprid derivatives against the housefly Musca domestica and the α‐bungarotoxin binding sites of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Nishiwaki Hisashi , Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Ueno Tamio , Kagabu Shinzo , Nishimura Keiichiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractN3‐substituted imidacloprid congeners containing C1–C6 alkyl groups or various analogous groups, and their corresponding nitromethylene analogues, were used in this study. Their insecticidal activity against the housefly, Musca domestica, and their binding activity toward the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor were determined. The insecticidal test was conducted using the synergists piperonyl butoxide and propargyl propyl phenylphosphonate. The binding assay was performed with housefly head membrane preparations using radio‐labelled α‐bungarotoxin. Both insecticidal and binding activities were drastically lowered by the introduction of alkyl/allyl groups at the imidazolidine NH sites of both nitroimino and nitromethylene compounds. The binding activity of N3‐substituted nitromethylene analogues was much higher than that of the corresponding nitroimino analogues. However, the insecticidal activity of both series of compounds with a given substituent was nearly identical. The insecticidal activity correlated positively with the binding activity after taking into account the structural difference of the nitroimino and nitromethylene moieties and a structural feature of the N3‐substituents.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Lysimeter study to investigate the effect of rainfall patterns on leaching of isoproturon
Authors: Beulke Sabine , Brown Colin D , Fryer Christopher J , Walker Allan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of five rainfall treatments on water and solute leaching through two contrasting soil types was investigated. Undisturbed lysimeters (diameter 0.25 m, length 0.5 m) from a sandy loam (Wick series) and a moderately structured clay loam (Hodnet series) received autumn applications of the radio‐labelled pesticide isoproturon and bromide tracer. Target rainfall plus irrigation from the end of November 1997 to May 1998 ranged from drier to wetter than average (235 to 414  mm); monthly rainfall was varied according to a pre‐selected pattern or kept constant (triplicate lysimeters per regime). Leachate was collected at intervals and concentrations of the solutes were determined. Total flow (0.27–0.94 pore volumes) and losses of bromide (3–80% of applied) increased with increasing inputs of water and were larger from the Wick sandy loam than from the Hodnet clay loam soil. Matrix flow appeared to be the main mechanism for transport of isoproturon through the Wick soil whereas there was a greater influence of preferential flow for the Hodnet lysimeters. The total leached load of isoproturon from the Wick lysimeters was 0.02–0.26% of that applied. There was no clear variation in transport processes between the rainfall treatments investigated for this soil and there was an approximately linear relationship (r2 = 0.81) between leached load and total flow. Losses of isoproturon from the Hodnet soil were 0.03–0.39% of applied and there was evidence of enhanced preferential flow in the driest and wettest treatments. Leaching of isoproturon was best described by an exponential relationship between load and total flow (r2 = 0.62). A 45% increase in flow between the two wettest treatments gave a 100% increase in leaching of isoproturon from the Wick soil. For the Hodnet lysimeters, a 35% increase in flow between the same treatments increased herbicide loss by 325%.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding of imidacloprid‐related diaza compounds with various ring sizes and their insecticidal activity against Musca domestica
Authors: Kagabu Shinzo , Nishiwaki Hisashi , Sato Kazuyuki , Hibi Manabu , Yamaoka Nahato , Nakagawa Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFifteen 5‐substituted 1‐(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridylmethyl)‐2‐nitromethylene‐1,3‐diazacyclohexanes and three other related compounds having a five‐ or seven‐membered ring were synthesized and their biological activities were measured in vivo and in vitro. The insecticidal (in vivo) activity was evaluated against houseflies Musca domestica L under synergistic conditions with propargyl propyl phenyl phosphonate and piperonyl butoxide. The binding activity of each compound to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in vitro was measured using [125I]α‐bungarotoxin. The insecticidal activities of the unsubstituted diazacyclohexane analogues were slightly higher than those of the imidazolidine analogues, but the enlargement of ring size to diazacycloheptane lowered the activity. Substitution of 1,3‐diazacyclohexane or imidazolidine rings was not generally favourable for the activity, but the unsubstituted 1,3‐diazacyclohexane analogue showed the highest binding activity. Ring substitutions and ring enlargement decreased the activity 100–30 000‐fold.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
A Novel Peptide with ribonuclease and translation‐inhibitory activities from fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Ye X. Y. , Ng T. B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom the fresh fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom a peptide with a molecular weight of 9 kDa and demonstrating a novel N‐terminal sequence GPCYLVAFYESSGRR was isolated. The isolation procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on CM‐Sepharose and Mono S. The peptide was adsorbed on both types of chromatographic media. The peptide demonstrated a ribonuclease activity of 650 U/mg toward yeast transfer RNA. It inhibited cell‐free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC50 of 15 nM. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical solutions to soil–structure interaction problems
Authors: Small John C 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInteraction of a structure and its foundation with the soil is discussed in this paper, and some of the numerical and analytical methods that have been developed for the analysis of raft and piled raft foundations are presented. It is shown that the use of simple spring models for the soil behaviour can lead to erroneous result and it is recommended that their use should be discontinued. Simple finite layer techniques are also examined, and results are compared with those of three‐dimensional finite element techniques. It is shown that the finite layer techniques can yield good results for displacements in the raft and for moments induced into the piles. It is also shown that the use of thin plate theory for the raft can give good results for thick rafts and can be used for raft and piled raft analysis. The effect of including the stiffness of the superstructure in the analysis of the foundation is examined, and it is shown that the type of structure and its stiffness can have an effect on the deformation of the foundation. Finally, an analysis of an instrumented structure is carried out, and it is shown that reasonably good predictions of the behaviour of the foundation can be made through the use of soil‐structure interaction theory and finite layer techniques.
Stimulation of protein biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes by extracts of Momordica charantia
Authors: Oyedapo O. O. , Araba B. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe in vivo effect of the administration of extracts of Momordica charantia on certain biochemical parameters of Sprague‐Dawley rats was investigated. It was observed that there was an increase in muscle and liver protein levels, while there was a reduction in the levels of brain protein, muscle and liver glycogen. The activities of plasma L‐alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were reduced. The L‐aspartate transaminase and adenosine triphosphatase activities were slightly elevated in whole plant extract treated rats while the L‐aspartate transaminase was unaffected by the ethanol extract but reduced the adenosine triphosphatase activity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemopreventive activity ofWithania somnifera in experimentally induced fibrosarcoma tumours in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Prakash Jai , Gupta S. K. , Kochupillai V. , Singh N. , Gupta Y. K. , Joshi S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe current experimental work deals with the chemopreventive studies of a hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera roots, against 20‐methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma tumours in Swiss albino mice. A single subcutaneous injection of 200 μg 20‐methylcholanthrene in 0.1 mL of dimethylsulphoxide into the thigh region of mice produced a high incidence (96%) of tumours. Oral treatment of animals with 400 mg/kg body weight of Withania somnifera extract (one week before injecting 20‐methylcholanthrene and continued until 15 weeks thereafter) significantly reduced the tumour incidence, tumour volume and enhanced the survival of the mice, compared with 20‐methylcholanthrene injected mice. The tumour incidence was also delayed in the treatment group when compared with 20‐methylcholanthrene injected mice. Liver biochemical parameters revealed a significant modulation of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxides, glutathione‐S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in extract treated mice compared with 20‐methylcholanthrene injected mice. The mechanism of chemopreventive activity of Withania somnifera extract may be due to its antioxidant and detoxifying properties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Terminalia chebula on dermal wound healing in rats
Authors: Suguna Lonchin , Singh Surjeet , Sivakumar Pitchumani , Sampath Padmavathi , Chandrakasan Gowri 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of topical administration of an alcohol extract of the leaves of an evergreen plant, Terminalia chebula, on the healing of rat dermal wounds, in vivo, was assessed. T. chebula treated wounds healed much faster as indicated by improved rates of contraction and a decreased period of epithelialization. Biochemical studies revealed a significant increase in total protein, DNA and collagen contents in the granulation tissues of treated wounds. The levels of hexosamine and uronic acid in these tissues, also increased up to day 8 post‐wounding. Reduced lipid peroxide levels in treated wounds, as well as ESR measurement of antioxidant activity by DPPH radical quenching, suggested that T. chebula possessed antioxidant activities. The tensile strength of tissues from extract‐treated incision wounds increased by about 40%. In addition, T. chebula possessed antimicrobial activity and was active largely against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella. These results strongly document the beneficial effects of T. chebula in the acceleration of the healing process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro Inhibition of HHV‐6 replication by sophocarpines
Authors: Qavi Hamida B. , Wyde Philip R. , Khan Mushtaq A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe virostatic activity of sophocarpines and gancyclovir (GCV) was tested using HHV‐6 Z29 strain and Molt‐3 cells. The cytotoxic (IC50) and the antiviral (ED50) values were first experimentally determined and selective indices (SI) were then calculated. The SI values for sophocarpines 1 and 2 and GCV were in the order 184, 183, and 23, respectively. Though preliminary, these findings indicate that sophocarpines have the potential to inhibit HHV‐6 replication. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing dispersion effects from general unreplicated fractional factorial designs
Authors: Wang P. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractContinuous improvement of the quality of industrial products is an essential factor in modern‐day manufacturing. The investigation of those factors that affect process mean and process dispersion (standard deviation) is an important step in such improvements. Most often, experiments are executed for such investigations. To detect mean factors, I use the usual analysis of variance on the experimental data. However, there is no unified method to identify dispersion factors. In recent years several methods have been proposed for identifying such factors with two levels. Multilevel factors, especially three‐level factors, are common in industrial experiments, but we lack methods for identifying dispersion effects in multilevel factors. In this paper, I develop a method for identifying dispersion effects from general fractional factorial experiments. This method consists of two stages. The first stage involves the identification of mean factors using the performance characteristic as the response. The second stage involves the computation of a dispersion measure and the identification of dispersion factors using the dispersion measure as the response. The sequence for identifying dispersion factors is first to test the significance of the total dispersion effect of a factor, then to test the dispersion contrasts of interest, which is a method similar to the typical post hoc testing procedure in the ANOVA analysis. This familiar approach should be appealing to practitioners. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing methods for the multi‐response design problem
Authors: Kros John F. , Mastrangelo Christina M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne approach to solving multiple response engineering problems is to combine the individual responses into one unifying objective. In tility theory, several characteristics are used to compare and contrast multiple objective techniques. These are risk aversion, marginal rates of substitution, and the relationship of the responses in the combined function. Perhaps unknown to the user, multiple response techniques carry strong assumptions regarding these characteristics. This paper investigates four commonly‐used multiple objective techniques and demonstrates that each method contains assumptions about these characteristics which are not intuitively evident to a user. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Statistical monitoring performance for startup operations in a feedback control system
Authors: Nembhard Harriet Black , Mastrangelo Christina M. , Kao Ming Shu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPreviously, it has been held that statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) were two distinct domains for process improvement. However, we specifically consider the impact for integrating the two approaches on a first‐order dynamic system with ARIMA disturbances. We show how to model and analyze this system over a range of practical conditions. Our work results in a set of response surfaces that characterize the performance of the integrated design. We also compare these results to the case where the SPC and EPC policies are applied separately. In general, we find that the EPC approach performs best in terms of minimizing error, but that we can reduce the number and magnitude of adjustments using the integrated monitoring and control approach. This work also further supports our earlier findings that the integrated design is effective on complex dynamic systems during the initial transient or startup period. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of noise factor effects in parameter design
Authors: Parkinson D. B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractParameter design aims to determine nominal values of a set of design parameters so as to minimize variability in one or more key performance measures, in the presence of uncertainties in the design parameters, whilst maintaining the required nominal (design point) performance and the overall design concept. A theoretical analysis of some aspects of parameter design and of some related approximate methods is carried out and the results studied with the aim of determining the effect of changes in the magnitudes of the uncertainties in the design parameters on the resulting values of nominal parameter values in the optimum design. It is shown that there is reason to expect that, allowing for the effects of constraints, a given parameter design would be robust against overall changes, by a constant factor, in the parameter uncertainties but not in the presence of changes in individual parameter uncertainties, or by numerous such changes when the change factor varies between individual parameters. Some numerical results are obtained for problems in beam design and are shown to support the above assertions. The results imply that nominal values in a previously determined robust design may continue to be valid when parameter tolerances change, provided such changes are by the same factor for all free design parameters, i.e. those not fixed on a constraint boundary. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the energies of approximate wave functions using the concepts of density functional theory
Authors: Pearson Ralph G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simple method, derived from DFT, for improving the energy of a trial density is modified for the case of atoms. It is assumed that errors in the interelectronic repulsion are the only significant ones. The errors in the energies of single‐ζ Slater orbitals for the atoms from He to Ne are reduced an average factor of 21. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Erratum: On equilibrium intensive thermodynamic properties of composed p‐particles in many‐body systems*
Authors: Bochicchio Roberto C. , Alcoba Diego R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEquilibrium intensive thermodynamic properties of p‐particles (p‐ons), i.e., composed particles formed by few particles of the same nature such as fermion or boson pairs (p=2), trios (p=3), etc., are investigated. The relation of the p‐particle correlation functions to its p‐hole counterparts and an existing covariant structure in the hierarchy of the p‐particle correlation functions allow these generalized intensive properties to be properly defined and characterized. The connection between these generalized properties of the composed objects and those of the components is also derived. An explicit derivation of the chemical potential for pairs and its generalization to p‐particles is performed. Such results are further extended to any intensive property. Finally, the present development allows some previous results to be clearly interpreted thus yielding an important support for our theory. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Calculation of a power spectrum and definition of wave functions of an ion Cr3+ in antiferromagnetic crystal Cr2O3 in the model of a crystalline field
Authors: Nikiforov I. S. , Filippov D. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antiferromagnetic crystal Cr2O3 contains magnetoactive ions Cr3+ and has C3v local symmetry. In this crystal exist cross‐effects, for example linear magnetoelectric effect and others. It is necessary to know the energy levels and wave functions of an ion Cr3+ exact simulation of this effect. In the present paper the problem of calculation of the crystalline field potential is solved in the single‐ion model. For Cr2O3 the splitting of energy levels are determined and wave functions for ground and exited states are calculated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Nuclear dynamics in the vicinity of a crossing seam: Vibrational spectrum of HD2 revisited
Authors: Xu Z. R. , Varandas A. J. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSo far, most studies of the geometric phase effect have presumed that the phase is path‐independent; hence, one must supply another restriction concerning the boundary condition on the nuclear wave functions when dealing with nonsymmetric isotopomers of X3 systems. We report calculations of the vibrational spectra of HD2 using a recently proposed generalized Born–Oppenheimer (GBO) formalism. The calculations demonstrate that there are significant differences between the results calculated from the present GBO method and those based on the preceding presumption. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 279–285, 2001
Substitution effects on the molecular structures and the longitudinal molecular polarizabilities of all‐trans polyacetylene oligomers of increasing size
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Wu Guo‐Shi , Jiang Yuansheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAM1 calculations have been performed on all‐trans polyacetylene (PA) oligomers with an increasing number of unit cells to study the effect of donor or acceptor groups capped at opposite ends of PA chains, substituents included in the monomers, substituents' number and position in the monomers, on the molecular structures, and the static longitudinal polarizabilities (αL) and second‐order hyperpolarizabilities (γL). Substitution of CH3, Cl, or F group at opposite ends of an oligomer results in an increase of αL and γL, but the substitution effects on ΔαL(N) and ΔγL(N) are very small. The asymptotic limit values are unaffected by the substitution. F substituent included in the monomer of an oligomer enhances the ΔαL(N) and ΔγL(N) values, especially at large N, but including monomers with CH3 or Cl substituents substantially reduces the ΔαL(N) and ΔγL(N) values. We alter the number of F substituents included in the monomers of oligomers and find that including two F substituents in the monomer leads to the larger enhancement of ΔγL(N). The effect of F substituents' position in the monomers of oligomers on ΔαL and ΔγL is obvious. The results may be helpful for the design of new materials for applications in nonlinear optics, particularly in the area of poled polymer films. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001