bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can ESG rating event be an incentive to emission governance?
——Evidence from A-shares listed companies in China
Authors: CHEN ZHIZHEN , SHI GUIFEN 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Guiding firms to effectively launch emission mitigating and governing actions is a critical issue during the construction of ecological civilization, which is also an effective path to pave high-quality development. ESG rating system in China is gradually being improved, which is worth to study whether it could guide firms to focus more on environment governance. Therefore, this paper investigates that how ESG rating impacts on emission mitigation governing in the perspective of mechanisms testing and heterogeneity analysis. In this paper, the publication of ESG rating of Syn Tao Green Finance is used as a quasi-natural experiment to study the effect of rating events and rating results on carbon mitigation through a propensity score matching difference-in-difference model (PSM-DID). The study used the sample of 1546 A-share listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China from 2015 to 2022. Based on empirical study, the results have shown that emission mitigating driven by environmental information disclosure, enterprises innovation and financial constraints from ESG rating events. Meanwhile, the impacts of ESG rating on emission mitigating are heterogeneous in terms of industry sector, energy consumption and institutional ownership. Further analysis shows that emission mitigation governing exists economic effects, which could increase enterprises value. This paper explores the environmental and economic effects of ESG rating events on enterprises and provides policy orientation for the subsequent improvement of ESG rating system in China.
A coherent feed-forward-loop in the Arabidopsis root stem cell organizer regulates auxin biosynthesis and columella stem cell maintenance
Authors: Sharma Mohan , Friedrich Thomas , Peruzzo Federico , Jha Vikram , Pi Limin , Groot Edwin Philip , Kornet Noortje , Follo Marie , Aichinger Ernst , Fleck Christian , Laux Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Stem cells in the plant meristems are kept undifferentiated by signals from surrounding cells and provide the basis for continuous organ formation. In the stem cell organizer of the Arabidopsis thaliana root, the Quiescent Center (QC), the WOX5 transcription factor functions as a central hub in regulating columella stem cell (CSC) homeostasis. However, the processes mediating WOX5 function have yet to be discovered. Here, we identify the transcription factor HAN as a central mediator of WOX5-regulated stem cell maintenance. HAN is required and sufficient to maintain CSCs undifferentiated and to induce ectopic stem cells. WOX5 and HAN repress transcription of the differentiation factor gene CDF4 in a coherent Feed Forward Loop (cFFL), one output of which is the expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene TAA1 and maintaining auxin response maxima in the organizer. Mathematical WOX5/HAN/CDF4cFFL modeling suggests a mechanism to buffer columella stem cell maintenance against input noise.
Thermo-optical tweezers based on photothermal waveguides
Authors: Deng Hongchang , Li Fuwang , Wei Jian , Qin Xiaomei , Chen Xue , Chen Dawei , Zhang Wentao , Han Jiaguang , Yuan Libo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Field-controlled micro-manipulation represents a pivotal technique in handling microparticles, yet conventional methods often risk physical damage to the targets. Here, we have discovered a completely new mechanism for truly non-contact manipulation through photothermal effect, called thermal-optical tweezers. we employing a laser-engraved photothermal waveguide for dynamic microparticle manipulation. This waveguide demonstrates superior photothermal conversion and precision control, generating a non-isothermal temperature field. The interaction of thermal convection and thermophoresis within this field creates a microfluidic potential well, enabling non-contact and non-destructive particle manipulation. By varying the path of photothermal waveguides in lithography and the manipulating laser loading modes, diverse manipulation strategies, such as Z-shaped migration, periodic oscillation, and directional transport, are achievable. Our innovative non-invasive micro-manipulation technology not only minimizes physical damage to target objects but also enables precise and diverse manipulation of micro-entities, opening up new avenues in photothermal control of cells and biomolecules.
Analysis of COVID-19 Patients' Symptoms and Vaccine Impact Using Deep Learning Approach, and Development Machine Learning Based Risk Calculator: A Multicentric Collaborative Study
Authors: Shaheen Ahmed , Shaheen Nour , Group Collaborative , Shoib Sheikh , Saeed Fahimeh , Buhari Mudathiru , Flouty Oliver 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap between acute and chronic symptoms, vaccination impact, and associated factors in patients across different low-income countries.

Methods: The study included 2,445 participants aged 18 years and older, testing positive for COVID-19. Data collection involved screening for medical histories, testing records, symptomatology, and persistent symptoms. Validated instruments, including the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), were used. We applied a self-supervised and unsupervised deep neural network to extract features from the questionnaire. Gradient boosted machines (GMB) model was used to build a risk calculator for chronic fatigue, depression, and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms. The best-performing models were implemented in a shiny app and deployed online at: [https//ahmedshaheen.shinyapps.io/shaheen-covid-19/]. Also, there is an offline version of the application that can be downloaded: [link].

Findings: Out of the study cohort, 69.5% of the patients had symptoms lasting longer than 2 weeks. The most frequent symptoms were loss of smell 46.8%, dry cough (40.1%), loss of taste (37.8%), headaches (37.2%), and sore throat (28.9%). The patients also reported high rates of depression (47.7%), chronic fatigue (6.5%), and infection after vaccination (24.2%). Factors associated with chronic fatigue syndrome included sex, age, and smoking. Vaccinated individuals demonstrated lower odds of experiencing prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, chronic fatigue syndrome, and depression. The predictive models achieved a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) scores of 0.87, 0.82, and 0.74, respectively.

Interpretation: The results provide insights into the consequences of COVID-19 and a predictive tool to understand factors influencing depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms. The study reveals variables affecting these outcomes and the interplay between pre-existing conditions, treatments, and the duration of symptoms post-recovery.
Work hardening in colloidal crystals
Authors: Kim Seongsoo , Svetlizky Ilya , Weitz David A. , Spaepen Frans 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Colloidal crystals are fascinating materials1-4. They exhibit a rich behavior that is in many ways analogous to their atomic counterparts: they have the same crystal structures2,5-7; they undergo the same phase transitions8-10; and they possess the same crystallographic defects11-15. In contrast to these structural properties, the mechanical properties of colloidal crystals are quite distinct from those of atomic systems. For example, unlike in atomic systems, the elasticity of hard-sphere colloidal crystals is purely entropic16; as a result, they are so soft that they can be melted just by stirring17-19. In addition, crystalline materials deform plastically when subjected to increasing shear and actually become stronger due to the ubiquitous process of work hardening20, which has not been observed in colloidal crystals. Here we show that hard-sphere colloidal crystals do exhibit work hardening; moreover, despite their softness, the shear strength of colloidal crystals can increase and approach the theoretical limit for crystals, a value reached in very few other materials. We use confocal microscopy to show that the strength of colloidal crystals scales as the square root of dislocation density, in good agreement with the classic Taylor prediction21. We find that, surprisingly, Taylor hardening arises through the formation of dislocation junctions, in direct analogy to atomic systems, even though hard-sphere interactions lack the complexity of atomic interactions22,23. The Taylor hardening regime, however, is established only after a transient phase, and it ceases when the crystals become so hard that the strain is localized within a thin boundary layer where slip results from unconventional motion of dislocations. The striking resemblance between colloidal and atomic crystals, despite the many orders of magnitude difference in particle size and shear modulus, demonstrates the universality of work hardening.
Logistical Approach to Resource Management Multiple Spare Parts Car Service Enterprise
Authors: Karimov N. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The task of determining the optimal sizes of auto spare parts­ service enterprise according to the criterion of maximum profit with a discrete distribution of demand is formulated in the form of a quadratic program problem ion with linear constraints. To calculate the probabilistic measure of the distribution of values ​​of the components of the demand vector, the approximate­mation of empirical distribution functions of hyperoral demand component’s distribution functions with subsequent calculation of the corresponding distribution densities.
Quantum precision measurement using perfect W state via two-body interacting operation
Authors: Li Yan , Ren Zhihong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We comprehensively study the metrological performance of perfect W (PW) state in quantum phase measurement, including local operation and two-body interacting operation as the phase generator. The analytical precision limits are obtained in both cases and the decoherence effects are also investigated. The results show that under local operation the precision limit is slightly lower than it from W state, indicating the weaker sensitivity.
Specially, with increasing m the precision limit from the general 3-qubit PW state approaches 1/Sqrt{5}. In the amplitude damping channel, the precision limit decreases first and then increases to the shot noise limit, whereas it is always decreased in phase damping channel. Alternatively, we have also provided the optimal strategies for quantum phase estimation. In the two-body interacting operations, Ising model and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model are employed to explore the precision limit with respect to interacting strength. It behaves similar in
both cases that with increasing the precision limit surpasses the general Heisenberg limit and gradually converges with W state. However, the difference is also evident that the more qubits involved for achieving Heisenberg limit, the larger the needed \gamma in Ising model but smaller in LMG model. Interestingly, in amplitude damping channel, with increasing an expanding platform area of precision limit emerges in the few-qubit PW state (N < 6), while it gradually disappears in the large qubit case. This will be beneficial to the stable and tunable high-precision measurement, especially under the noisy circumstances.
Modeling the water security in a watershed using the water footprint concept and water scarcity indicators
Authors: Rafiei Sardooi Elham , Bazrafshan Ommolbanin , Jamshidi Sajad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater scarcity has received global attention in the last decade as it challenges food security in arid and semi-arid regions. This study employs water scarcity indices to assess water resources in the agricultural sector of Iran's Jazmourian watershed. Overall, we find that the watershed is experiencing a “very high stress” water situation. This is primarily due to intensive water usage for diverse crops, which has resulted in a negative net virtual water balance and contributed to a rise in water stress and poverty levels. The water stress index is 0.88, and the agricultural water stress is 1.25. The agricultural water footprint is 2,018.53 million cubic meters (MCM), with the share of blue, green and gray water footprints being 80.21, 6.08, and 13.72%, respectively. The region possesses 3,210 MCM of available water for crops, with 17.1% sourced from green waters and 82.9% from blue waters. Despite low annual rainfall and limited water resources, the region excessively exploits water for diverse crops. The net virtual water balance is negative, indicating high virtual water export (1,112–1,605 MCM) compared to imports (58–265 MCM). With declining water availability and increasing crop production, the region experiences rising water stress. The spatial analysis of sub-watersheds reveals diverse patterns of water stress and poverty, as detailed in the study.
Enantioselective Synthesis, Computational Molecular Docking and In Vitro
Anticoagulant Activity of Warfarin-based Derivatives
Authors: Afzal Zakia , Rashid Naghmana , Nadeem Humaira , Khan Arif-Ullah , Ashraf Zaman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
Warfarin containing a 4-hydroxycoumarin moiety possesses excellent anticoagulant
activity, with the (S) enantiomer being the eutomer. The present work is designed to
synthesize warfarin based derivatives enantioselectivity to explore their anticoagulant potential.
The substituted chalcones were reacted with 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of
the chiral organocatalyst 9-amino-9-deoxyepiquinine to afford warfarin-based analogues 5a-
5k. The structures of synthesized compounds 5a-5k were confirmed by Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR),
carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) and electron ionization
mass spectroscopy (EIMS) data. The enantiomeric excess (ee) has been found in the range
of 16-99% as determined by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
The in vitro anticoagulant activity of the products 5a-5k was evaluated by plasma recalcification time (PRT)
method, and it was found that most of the derivatives showed good anticoagulant activity, specifically compound
5b exhibited excellent results compared to that of warfarin. Compound 5b displayed an IC50 value of
249.88 μM, which is better than that of warfarin (IC50 408.70 μM). The molecular docking studies have been
performed against vitamin K epoxide reductase with PDBID 3kp9. The synthesized compounds bind well in the
active binding site of the target enzyme. The derivative 5b showed π-π stacking interactions with the amino acid
phenylalanine (Phe 114). The antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds has also been evaluated, and
results showed moderate antimicrobial activity. Based on our results, it is proposed that derivative 5b may act as
a lead compound to design more potent anticoagulant derivatives.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Novel 2-Phenylphthalazin-2-ium Bromides on LPS-induced RAW264.7 Cells and their Mechanism
Authors: Cao Fang-Jun , Shen Jian , Zhang Hui , Wang Lu 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Inspired by natural anti-inflammatory quaternary benzo[C]phenanthridine
alkaloids, novel 2-phenylphthalazin-2-ium bromides were previously designed and synthesized.

Objective:
The anti-inflammatory effect of 2-phenylphthalazin-2-ium bromides was evaluated based
on inflammatory cytokines, and their possible mechanism was explored through the NF-κB, TLR4
and MAPK signaling pathways.

Methods:
The tested concentrations of two compounds were assessed using MTT assay in vitro.
Griess assay was used to determine the changes in nitric oxide (NO) in the cell culture supernatant.
qRT‒PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10,
TNF-α, TLR4 and iNOS. The secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. Western
blot test was used to detect the protein expression of IL-6, IL-10, TLR4, iNOS, NF-κB, p-P38/P38, p-
ERK/ERK and p-JNK/JNK.

Results:
2-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)phthalazin-2-ium bromide (2) with a concentration below 1 μg/mL
showed no significant effect on the growth inhibition of RAW264.7 cells, so the concentrations of
compound 2 used for experiments were set to 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg/mL. Compared with the blank
control group, the model group showed increased release of NO, transcription levels of IL-6, IL-1ß,
IL-10, TNF-α, TLR4 and iNOS (p<0.05), and ratios of p-P38/P38, p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK
(p<0.05). Compared with the model group, the sample groups displayed decreased NO release and
reduced transcriptional levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-α, TLR4, and iNOS and reduced protein
expression ratios of IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-α, NF-κB, TLR4, iNOS, p-P38/P38, p-ERK/ERK and p-
JNK/JNK (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
This study showed that 2-phenylphthalazin-2-ium bromides partially protected macrophages
from the LPS-induced inflammatory response by suppressing TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling
and reducing NO production.
Comparing Continuity of Midwifery Care Model with the Mother-child Health Book: Enhancing Knowledge for Adolescent Pregnancy in Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Dewi , Hardisman  , Yusrawati  , Mudjiran  , Machmud Rizanda , Nursal Dien Gusta Anggraini , Maputra Yantri , Hasnita Evi 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Adolescent pregnancy poses a significant concern in Indonesia, particularly in some regions, namely West Sumatra and Padang City. This issue has been addressed with two prominent approaches, the Continuity of Midwifery Care (CMC) model and the Mother-Child Health (MCH) Book.

Objective:
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of these approaches in enhancing knowledge about adolescent Pregnancy, including several aspects, such as domestic violence, substance risks, reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting roles.

Material and Methods:
A quantitative research approach was applied by utilizing a quasi-experimental design, conducting pre- and post-tests with the validated questionnaires during the third trimester of pregnancy, postpartum days 31 and 43. Conducted in Padang City, the research involved 70 young primiparous mothers, categorized into groups using the CMC model and MCH Book. The collected data analyzed the generalized linear models repeated measures.

Results:
Both groups exhibited a significant knowledge enhancement, with the CMC model yielding more substantial enhancement. The focused and continuous care approach in the CMC model effectively enhanced the knowledge across various aspects, compared to the MCH Book.

Conclusion:
The CMC model stands out as an effective means to enhance knowledge among young pregnant mothers, addressing their distinct challenges during their transition to parenthood. We suggest that the health authorities and policymakers consider the implementation of the CMC model alongside the existing MCH book as a more effective approach to enhance the knowledge of Adolescent mothers.
Screening the Effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against COVID 19 and
Immune Proteins in Humans: In silico
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Architha , Srinivasan Hemalatha 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) triggered a pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the twenty-first
century. Recent research has revealed several details about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, which has
greatly boosted research on COVID-19 vaccines and therapy methods for all the COVID variants.
However, significant doubts about its treatment persist due to its fast mutating capability and its resistance to various drugs administered. Thus, there is a need for a cure to treat all the variants and
their side effects.

Objective:
The main aim of this study is to check 1) the effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer against
COVID 19 2) the side effects of Kabasura Kudineer with the help of immune proteins in humans

Methods:
The molecular docking was carried out between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and immune proteins in humans against Kabasura Kudineer compounds. The ADMET was also carried out to check
the Pharmacokinetics.

Results:
The results showed that chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula has good binding capability with all the chosen targets1. The drug likeliness screening also proved it a good drug candidate.

Conclusion:
Siddha way of treatment has popped out which has been traditionally used for the
treatment of viral respiratory infections. The formulation called Kabasura Kudineer has been proven
to have antiviral agents and compounds that boost the immune system
Contactless Monitoring System Versus Gold Standard for Respiratory Rate Monitoring in Emergency Department Patients: Pilot Comparison Study
Authors: Goldfine Charlotte E , Oshim Md Farhan Tasnim , Chapman Brittany P , Ganesan Deepak , Rahman Tauhidur , Carreiro Stephanie P 
Published: December 2023

Background
Respiratory rate is a crucial indicator of disease severity yet is the most neglected vital sign. Subtle changes in respiratory rate may be the first sign of clinical deterioration in a variety of disease states. Current methods of respiratory rate monitoring are labor-intensive and sensitive to motion artifacts, which often leads to inaccurate readings or underreporting; therefore, new methods of respiratory monitoring are needed. The PulsON 440 (P440; TSDR Ultra Wideband Radios and Radars) radar module is a contactless sensor that uses an ultrawideband impulse radar to detect respiratory rate. It has previously demonstrated accuracy in a laboratory setting and may be a useful alternative for contactless respiratory monitoring in clinical settings; however, it has not yet been validated in a clinical setting.

Objective
The goal of this study was to (1) compare the P440 radar module to gold standard manual respiratory rate monitoring and standard of care telemetry respiratory monitoring through transthoracic impedance plethysmography and (2) compare the P440 radar to gold standard measurements of respiratory rate in subgroups based on sex and disease state.

Methods
This was a pilot study of adults aged 18 years or older being monitored in the emergency department. Participants were monitored with the P440 radar module for 2 hours and had gold standard (manual respiratory counting) and standard of care (telemetry) respiratory rates recorded at 15-minute intervals during that time. Respiratory rates between the P440, gold standard, and standard telemetry were compared using Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results
A total of 14 participants were enrolled in the study. The P440 and gold standard Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of –0.76 (–11.16 to 9.65) and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.38 (95% CI 0.06-0.60). The P440 and gold standard had the best agreement at normal physiologic respiratory rates. There was no change in agreement between the P440 and the gold standard when grouped by admitting diagnosis or sex.

Conclusions
Although the P440 did not have statistically significant agreement with gold standard respiratory rate monitoring, it did show a trend of increased agreement in the normal physiologic range, overestimating at low respiratory rates, and underestimating at high respiratory rates. This trend is important for adjusting future models to be able to accurately detect respiratory rates. Once validated, the contactless respiratory monitor provides a unique solution for monitoring patients in a variety of settings.