bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative, cross‐national analysis of partner‐killing by women in cohabiting and marital relationships in Australia and the United States
Authors: Mouzos Jenny , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUsing a national‐level United States database, T. K. Shackelford [Partner‐killing by women in cohabiting relationships and marital relationships. Homicide Studies 5: 253‐266, 2001] calculated rates of partner‐killing by women by relationship type (cohabiting or marital), by partner ages, and by the age difference between partners. Men in cohabiting relationships were 10 times more likely to be killed by their partners than were married men. Within marriages, the risk of being killed by a partner decreased with a man's age. Within cohabiting relationships, in contrast, middle‐aged men were at greatest risk of being killed by their partners. The risk that a man will be killed by his partner generally increased with greater age difference between partners. We sought to replicate the findings of Shackelford [2001] using national‐level data held as part of the National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP) at the Australian Institute of Criminology in Australia. The NHMP holds data on over 3,500 homicides that occurred in Australia between 1989 and 2000. Despite the higher rate of partner‐killing in the United States, and despite other cultural differences between the two countries (for example, the prominent gun culture in the United States), we replicated the key patterns with the Australian data. Aggr. Behav. 30:206–216, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrospective accounts of recurrent parental physical abuse as a predictor of adult laboratory‐induced aggression
Authors: Moe Brian K. , King Alan R. , Bailly Matthew D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChild abuse has been frequently associated with adult aggression in its many forms. The Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) is a popular laboratory‐based procedure derived from the retaliatory responses of participants engaged in a monetary‐reinforced computer game. PSAP responses have been found to discriminate between participants with and without violent, antisocial, substance abuse, and even contact‐sport athletic histories. The present study provided an initial test of the sensitivity of the PSAP and the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) in discriminating between college students (n=28) with and without reported histories of recurrent physical abuse as defined by incidents of being pushed, shoved, struck, punched, or threatened with physical violence by a parent more than once every six weeks over 15 years of upbringing. PSAP responses were substantially higher (d=2.1) among participants reporting histories of recurrent parental physical abuse, with 46% (as opposed to 0% for controls) of these individuals generating PSAP responses in excess of 400 (average found for violent parolees). Group differences on the OAS were also considerable (>1 SD). Larger factorial designs examining relationships between a range of developmental variables (e.g., domestic abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental divorce, family climate, etc.) and adult PSAP responding may help advance present knowledge regarding the impact of childhood adversity on psychological development. Aggr. Behav. 30:217–228, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Development of Bidentate P,N Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Guiry Patrick J. , Saunders Cormac P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this review, an attempt is made to systemise the rôle which bidentate phosphinamine (P,N) ligands play in asymmetric catalysis. The ligands will be classified, not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied, but by the nature of their donor atoms. In this manner the development of ligand architectural design can be more easily monitored. The asymmetric transformations to which metal complexes of these ligands have been applied include among others, palladium‐catalysed allylic substitutions, copper‐catalysed 1,4‐additions to enones and rhodium‐catalysed hydroboration of vinylarenes. Excellent enantioselectivities, regioselectivities and reactivities have been achieved in each of these processes.
Chemoselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyls over Novel Mesoporous CoHMA Molecular Sieves under Hydrogen Transfer Conditions
Authors: Selvam P. , Sonavane S. U. , Mohapatra S. K. , Jayaram R. V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChemoselective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls to the corresponding alcohols was achieved by a catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) method using cobalt(II)‐substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate (CoHMA) molecular sieve catalyst. Further, the catalyst was found to be promising as a heterogeneous catalyst as the yield was practically unchanged after up to six cycles.
Catalytic Dimerization of Allyl Phenyl Sulfone in the Presence of a Proazaphosphatrane Catalyst
Authors: Yu Zhengkun , Verkade John G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the presence of a proazaphosphatrane catalyst P(RNCH2CH2)3N, allyl phenyl sulfone readily dimerizes to give the product shown, for which only incomplete and inconclusive data exist in the literature. The dimer was shown from 1H NMR spectral considerations to have the E configuration.
Polymer‐Supported Indium Lewis Acid: Highly Versatile Catalyst for Regio‐ and Stereoselective Ring‐Opening of Epoxides
Authors: Bandini Marco , Fagioli Matteo , Melloni Alfonso , Umani‐Ronchi Achille 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe first example of a polymer‐supported indium Lewis acid is presented. This new heterogeneous Amberlyst 15/indium complex effectively catalyses (20 mol % based on indium) the formation of new CC as well as CS bonds through the highly regio‐ and stereoselective ring‐opening reaction of enantiomerically pure epoxides. The easily prepared Amberlyst 15/indium Lewis acid does not require inert atmosphere conditions or anhydrous media and can be easily recovered and recycled for several times without loss of activity.
Bicyclic O,P Ligands for Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Modin Stefan A. , Pinho Pedro , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA new class of bicyclic O,P ligands has been prepared and evaluated in the 1,4‐addition to α,β‐unsaturated ketones. The best results with the bicyclic ligand were obtained using a lower catalyst loading than what has been reported with similar ligands when adding a Grignard reagent to 2‐cyclohexenone.
A novel presenilin 1 mutation associated with Pick's disease but not β‐amyloid plaques
Authors: Dermaut Bart , Kumar‐Singh Samir , Engelborghs Sebastian , Theuns Jessie , Rademakers Rosa , Saerens Jos , Pickut Barbara A. , Peeters Karin , Van Den Broeck Marleen , Vennekens Krist'l , Claes Stephen , Cruts Marc , Cras Patrick , Martin Jean‐Jacques , Van Broeckhoven Christine , De Deyn Peter Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFamilial forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with tauopathy are mostly caused by mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT). However, rare forms of familial tauopathy without MAPT mutations have been reported, suggesting other tauopathy‐related genetic defects. Interestingly, two presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations (Leu113Pro and insArg352) recently have been associated with familial FTD albeit without neuropathological confirmation. We report here a novel PS1 mutation in a patient with Pick‐type tauopathy in the absence of extracellular β‐amyloid deposits. The mutation is predicted to substitute Gly→Val at codon position 183 (Gly183Val) and to affect the splice signal at the junction of the sixth exon and intron. Further clinical‐genetic investigation showed a positive family history of FTD‐like dementia and suggested that Gly183Val is associated with a phenotypically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Our results suggest PS1 as a candidate gene for Pick‐type tauopathy without MAPT mutations.
Clinical impact of antibody formation to botulinum toxin A in children
Authors: Herrmann Jochen , Geth Katrin , Mall Volker , Bigalke Hans , Schulte Mönting Jürgen , Linder Michaela , Kirschner Jan , Berweck Steffen , Korinthenberg Rudolf , Heinen Florian , Fietzek Urban M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe studied the clinical impact of neutralizing antibodies to botulinum toxin A that occurred during long‐term treatment of children between 1993 and 2001. Antibodies were found in high titers in 35 of 110 (31.8%) samples from individual patients. Antibody formation correlated with secondary nonresponse (p < 0.001). The most significant risk factors for antibody formation were the frequency of treatments (p = 0.0001) and the injection of a higher weight‐adapted maximum dose per treatment (p = 0.001).
Basal ganglia activity remains elevated after movement in focal hand dystonia
Authors: Blood Anne J. , Flaherty Alice W. , Choi Ji‐Kyung , Hochberg Fred H. , Greve Douglas N. , Bonmassar Giorgio , Rosen Bruce R. , Jenkins Bruce G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough previous studies of focal hand dystonia have detected cortical sensorimotor abnormalities, little is known about the role of the basal ganglia in this disorder. We report here that when focal hand dystonic patients performed finger‐tapping tasks, functional magnetic resonance imaging showed persisting elevations of basal ganglia activity after the tasks ended. We posit that inhibitory control of the basal ganglia may be faulty in focal hand dystonia, and that the increases we observe in “resting” activity may mask basal ganglia abnormalities in standard imaging contrast analyses.
Changes in brain anatomy in focal hand dystonia
Authors: Garraux Gaëtan , Bauer Andrew , Hanakawa Takashi , Wu Tao , Kansaku Kenji , Hallett Mark 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNo consistent cerebral anatomical abnormality has ever been reported in primary focal hand dystonia (FHD). The present voxel‐based morphometry study showed a significant bilateral increase in gray matter in the hand representation area of primary somatosensory and, to a lesser extent, primary motor cortices in 36 patients with unilateral FHD compared with 36 controls. The presence of anatomical changes in the perirolandic cortex for the unaffected hand as well as that for the affected hand suggests that these disturbances may be, at least in part, primary.
Thermal studies: A comparison of the thermal properties of different oligomers by thermogravimetric techniques
Authors: Lizymol P. P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThermal properties of conventional organic oligomers and organically modified ceramic hybrid materials (Ormoresin) were characterized and compared by using thermogravimetric techniques. Thermal properties were compared in terms of initial thermal decomposition temperature (T0, which is the temperature at which 5% weight loss occurred), the temperature at which 50% weight loss occurred (T50), and the percentage of residue remained at 600°C. Organically modified ceramic resins are found to have improved thermal stability. It is also found that the type of inorganic material incorporated in organically modified ceramics resin (Ormoresin) has considerable influence on its thermal characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 977–985, 2004
Meeting the environmental challenge: a case of win–win or lose–win? A study of the UK baking and refrigeration industries
Authors: Drake Frances , Purvis Martin , Hunt Jane 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe idea that what is good for the environment is good for business has come to dominate environmental thinking and provides one of the cornerstones of ecological modernization. Studies of this win–win philosophy have tended to concentrate on large companies. This study considers how the UK refrigeration and baking industries have responded to the main drivers for change. By eliciting managers' views of environmental issues through semi‐structured interviews, the problems and opportunities facing these two industries are explored. The responses were remarkably similar, given the different characteristics of the two industries. The interviews revealed that legislation maintains its pre‐eminence as a motivation for change. Win–win situations arising out of environmental legislation were found in some SMEs; however, for most the perception was one of lose–win. The demand for environmental products and processes, necessary for win–win, has yet to materialize. Companies, therefore, remain driven by the commercial, rather than the environmental, imperative. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Bimetallic Complexes with Three Halogeno Bridges
Authors: Gauthier Sébastien , Quebatte Laurent , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMethods for the synthesis of bimetallic complexes in which two different metal fragments are connected by three chloro or bromo bridges are reported. The reactions are general, fast, and give rise to structurally defined products in quantitative yields. Therefore, they are ideally suited for generating a library of homo‐ and heterobimetallic complexes in a combinatorial fashion. This is of special interest for applications in homogeneous catalysis. Selected members of this library were synthesized and comprehensively characterized; single‐crystal X‐ray analyses were performed for 15 new bimetallic compounds.
Computational Study of the Vibrational Spectra of α‐ and β‐Keggin Polyoxometalates
Authors: Bridgeman Adam J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe structures and vibrational frequencies of the α‐ and β‐isomers of the phosphomolybdate Keggin anion [PMo12O40]3− have been calculated by using density functional theory. Good agreement between the calculated unscaled vibrational frequencies and those determined experimentally and between the calculated and observed IR traces has been obtained allowing the IR and Raman spectra to be assigned. For the α‐isomer, the agreement with experiment using the current level of theory is superior to that obtained previously. For the β‐isomer, for which no non‐empirical study has previously been reported, the agreement with experiment is slightly poorer but still allows the spectrum to be assigned unambiguously. To calculate the structure and vibrational spectra of these large molydate cluster ions requires large basis sets and a good treatment of electron correlation and relativistic effects. For the 53‐atom [PMo12O40]3− ions, the computational demands are very high, requiring several months computational time. The calculated IR spectral traces for the two isomers are quite similar due to the relative flexibility of the molybdates, where the slight weakening of the bonding of the rotated trimetallic unit to the rest of the cluster in the β‐isomer is compensated by contraction of the bonds within the unit, and the structure of the [MO6] and [PO4] units in the two isomers is nearly identical. The vibrations characteristic of the bridging Mo‐O‐Mo bonds involve both the “2–2” junctions between rotated [M3O13] units and the “1–2” junctions between rotated and unrotated units. The separation of “ligand” and “interligand” vibrations is not clear. The vibrational analyses confirm the high symmetry, namely Td and C3v for the α‐ and β‐isomers, respectively, assumed by previous workers in this field. The characteristic group frequencies for the Type I polyoxometalates containing both edge‐ and corner‐sharing I octahedra have been identified.
Topologically Chiral Covalent Assemblies of Molecular Knots with Linear, Branched, and Cyclic Architectures
Authors: Lukin Oleg , Kubota Takateru , Okamoto Yoshio , Kaufmann Astrid , Vögtle Fritz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSelectively functionalized molecular knots (knotanes) of the amide‐type have been used as building blocks in syntheses of higher covalent assemblies composed of up to four knotane units. Preparation of linear and branched tetraknotanes consisted of the consecutive selective removal of allyl groups followed by linking of the intermediate hydroxyknotanes with biphenyl‐4,4′‐disulfonyl chloride. Macrocyclic knotane oligomers involving two, three, and four knotane moieties were obtained by high‐dilution cyclization of dihydroxyknotane and biphenyl‐4,4′‐disulfonyl chloride. Due to their relation with cyclophanes, the latter class of oligomeric knotanes was termed “knotanophanes“. Chiral resolution analysis of new oligoknotanes has been attempted on chemically bonded Chiralpak AD stationary phases, however met severe difficulties due to their complex isomeric compositions, and in most cases a significant overlap of the isomer fractions was observed. In spite of the limits of presently available chiral stationary phases that allowed only partial resolution of the synthesized topologies, oligoknotanes have been shown to be of high fundamental interest due to their unprecedented chirality. The chirality descriptions of topologically chiral unsymmetrical dumbbell 4, and the linear tetraknotane 5 are analogous to the Fischer projections of erythrose/threose and hexaric acid, respectively, while the isomeric composition of the branched tetraknotane 8 is completely unique. Moreover, the linear and branched tetraknotanes are constitutional isomers. Chirality of knotanophanes represents, in turn, analogies to known cyclic forms of peptides or sugars with multiple stereogenic centers.
Peralkynylated Buta‐1,2,3‐Trienes: Exceptionally Low Rotational Barriers of Cumulenic CC Bonds in the Range of Those of Peptide CN Bonds
Authors: Auffrant Audrey , Jaun Bernhard , Jarowski Peter D. , Houk Kendall N. , Diederich François 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA variety of 1,1,4,4‐tetraal kynylbutatrienes and 1,4‐dialkynylbutatrienes was synthezized by dimerization of the corresponding gem‐dibromoolefins. Both 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy indicated that the di‐ and tetraalkynylated butatrienes are formed as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. Variable temperature NMR studies evidenced a facile cis–trans isomerization, thus preventing the separation of these isomers by gravity or high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For 1,1,4,4‐tetraalkynylbutatrienes, the activation barrier ΔG≠ was measured by magnetization transfer to be around 20 kcal mol−1, in the range of the barrier for internal rotation about a peptide bond. Unlike the tetraalkynylated [3]cumulenes, 1,4‐dialkynylbutatrienes are more difficult to isomerize and could, in one case, be obtained isomerically pure. Based on experimental data, the rotational barrier ΔG≠ for 1,4‐dialkynylbutatrienes is estimated to be around 25 kcal mol−1. The hypothesis of a stabilizing effect of the four alkynyl substituents on the proposed but‐2‐yne‐1,4‐diyl singlet diradical transition state of this cis–trans isomerization is further supported by a computational study.
The association between 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl conenzyme A inhibitor use and breast carcinoma risk among postmenopausal women
Authors: Boudreau Denise M. , Gardner Jacqueline S. , Malone Kathleen E. , Heckbert Susan R. , Blough David K. , Daling Janet R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDStatin use has increased dramatically in the U.S. in the past decade. Animal and mechanistic studies suggested that statins may have an inhibitory effect on cancer proliferation, including breast carcinoma. However, statins have been found to be carcinogenic in rodents and one clinical trial found an excess of breast carcinoma cases in the treatment group.METHODSThe current study assessed whether the use of statins altered the risk of breast carcinoma in older women. The population‐based, case–control study comprised female residents from three western Washington State counties. Cases included 975 women identified from the Cancer Surveillance System who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast carcinoma between 1997–1999, whose names appeared on a list of Social Security recipients provided by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The cases were ages 65–79 years at the time of diagnosis. The comparison group was comprised of 1007 women without breast carcinoma who were randomly selected from the same list of Social Security recipients. Information pertaining to statin use, medical history, and health behaviors was ascertained through an in‐person interview.RESULTSCompared with nonusers, women who were currently using statins or had ever used statins were not found to be at an increased risk for breast carcinoma (odds ratios [OR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.7–1.2). There was some indication that long‐term statin use (> 5 years) was related to a slight decrease in breast carcinoma risk (OR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4–1.0).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study provided some degree of reassurance to the increasing numbers of women using statins that such use is not associated with an increased risk of breast carcinoma. Although the data gave some support to a reduced risk of breast carcinoma among long‐term users of statins, further research is needed to confirm this association. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
A non‐linear triangular curved shell element
Authors: Wenzel T. , Schoop H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present and test a simple triangular finite shell element that uses five degrees of freedom at each node. The element is characterized by three position vectors and three unit directors. It depicts the plane stress state version of the element presented (Comput. Struct. 1989; 32(2):379). The element is of the ANS‐type (assumed natural strain (J. Appl. Mech. 1981; 48:587). All strains inside the element contain dot products of the six actual element nodal vectors. The construction of the element also allows non‐linear material behaviour. Since an enhancement of the membrane strains by the EAS (enhanced assumed strain method) is not possible inside a three node triangle element, the membrane strains perform poor. But via the DKT (discrete Kirchhoff theory) the three directors reveal an excellent bending behaviour for thin shells. The main concern of this paper is to test, if superimposing the CST (constant srain) with the classic DKT leads to good results in standard benchmark tests. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local error estimation for dimensional reduction: application to special geometries
Authors: Vemaganti Kumar , Billade Nilesh 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDimensional reduction is commonly used to simplify problems posed on thin three‐dimensional domains to more manageable two‐dimensional problems. The resulting modelling error is usually assumed to be negligible. Recently, an approach has emerged wherein the modelling error in dimensionally reduced models of elliptic boundary value problems posed on thin flat plates is locally estimated using duality arguments. We extend this approach to elliptic boundary value problems posed on thin circular arches and spherical shells. Preliminary numerical examples show that bounds are accurate even for thick arches and shells. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.