bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of Subjects who are Obese in Drug Development: Current Status and Opportunities
Authors: Vaidyanathan Jayabharathi , Fletcher Elimika Pfuma , Ramamoorthy Anuradha , Madabushi Rajanikanth , Burckart Gilbert J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity has grown tremendously in recent years and this population has an increased risk of disease comorbidities. The presence of disease comorbidities requires treatment interventions and proper dosing guidelines. However, drug development programs often do not have adequate representation of individuals who are obese in clinical trials, leaving gaps in the understanding of treatment response leading to a lack of adequate individualization options. Based on a recent survey of approved drug product package inserts, very few approved products included specific dosing based on obesity, in both adults and pediatrics. Reasons for the limited information on patients who are obese may include the under‐reporting of information regarding such patients and a lack of clinical trial diversity in enrolling patient groups in whom obesity or obesity‐related comorbidities are more prevalent. An inadvertent impact of the practice of exclusion of subsets of patients with some comorbidities in clinical trials may play a role in the reduced enrollment of individuals who are obese. Recently, regulatory authorities have taken specific initiatives to promote clinical trial diversity, including engaging with stakeholders and publishing regulatory guidance. These guidance documents highlight the need to enroll diverse clinical trial populations and provide recommendations on concepts related to drug development for obese populations. Such efforts will help to address the gap in information regarding drug response and dosing in patients who are obese.
A robust mesoporous sulfated zirconium‐doped KIT‐6 solid acid catalyst for the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Guo Lihong , Xie Wenlei , Xu Xiangxin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe exploration of a robust solid acid catalyst for the efficient hydrolysis of cellulose is a research hotspot due to the need for clean production and sustainable development. KIT‐6 silica offers abundant three‐dimensionally interconnected mesopores, which are expected to be superior to mesoporous structures with one‐ or two‐dimensional channels due to faster diffusion of reactants and products during reaction. The catalytic conversion of microcrystalline cellulose is examined in detail over a functionalized KIT‐6 catalyst prepared by the method of Zr addition and subsequent sulfation.RESULTSIn terms of cellulose conversion and product yield, the activity of the catalysts followed the order of sulfated Zr‐KIT‐6 > Zr‐KIT‐6 > SO42−‐KIT‐6 > KIT‐6. Over the sulfated Zr‐KIT‐6 catalyst with a Si/Zr molar ratio of 7:1, a maximum cellulose conversion of 95.0% was achieved with glucose yield of 23.4%, 5‐hydroxymethylfufural yield of 4.9% and levulinic acid yield of 11.7% under the optimized reaction conditions: reaction temperature of 200 °C, reaction time of 2 h, catalyst amount of 0.3 g, cellulose‐to‐water mass ratio of 1:1.CONCLUSIONThe sulfated Zr‐KIT‐6 catalyst possessed the strongest and richest Brønsted acid sites, which readily provided protons for the cleavage of β‐1,4 glycosidic bonds in cellulose, thus conferring superior catalytic activity in cellulose hydrolysis. A plausible pathway at the initial stage of cellulose hydrolysis over the catalyst was proposed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Inducibility in the hypercube
Authors: Goldwasser John , Hansen Ryan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet be the hypercube of dimension and let and be subsets of the vertex set , called configurations in . We say that is an exact copy of if there is an automorphism of which sends onto . Let be an integer, let be a configuration in and let be a configuration in . We let be the maximum, over all configurations in , of the fraction of sub‐‐cubes of in which is an exact copy of , and we define the ‐cube density of to be the limit as goes to infinity of . We determine for several configurations in and as well as for an infinite family of configurations. There are strong connections with the inducibility of graphs.
Midterm outcomes of total hip arthroplasty after internal hemipelvectomy and iliofemoral arthrodesis
Authors: Dittman Lauren E. , Houdek Matthew T. , Rose Peter S. , Abdel Matthew P. , Sim Franklin H. , Lewallen David G. , Couch Cory G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent studies have reported acceptable outcomes after arthrodesis takedown and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, there are no reports on outcomes after oncologic resection, which are inherently complex and may portend poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the surgical and functional outcomes of patients who underwent prior hemipelvectomy for tumor resection and were later converted to THA.MethodsAll patients who had prior iliofemoral arthrodesis after oncologic resection that were later converted to THA at a single institution were examined. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, operative information, functional outcomes, and complications/reoperations.ResultsAll three patients in this study were males who underwent internal hemipelvectomies for chondrosarcoma. Patients were converted to THA at a mean of 26 years after arthrodesis. Mean follow‐up after conversion to THA was 7.4 years. During this follow‐up period, two of the three patients required revision surgery. At last follow‐up, the mean Harris Hip Score was 81 and the mean Mayo Hip Score was 67, and all patients were ambulatory without significant pain.ConclusionsOverall, patients who undergo iliofemoral arthrodesis after oncologic hemipelvectomy and are later converted to THA can expect to have a reasonable outcome, despite a high rate of complications and revision surgery.
Patient‐centered and integrated outreach care for chronic hepatitis C patients with serious mental illness in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chung‐Feng , Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Yu Shun‐Chieh , Huang Shin‐Chung , Ho Shao‐Lun , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Wang Chih‐Wen , Liang Po‐Cheng , Wei Yu‐Ju , Hsu Po‐Yao , Huang Ching‐I , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Lin Yi‐Hung , Yu Sung‐Lin , Wu Pey‐Fang , Chen Yu‐Han , Chien Shin‐Chi , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Chuang Wan‐Long , Wang Tso‐Jen , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients with serious mental illness have a higher risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but suboptimal HCV care. The current study aimed to facilitate HCV treatment uptake by implementing an integrated outreach care model. Multidisciplinary outreach screening followed by HCV reflex testing and onsite treatment for schizophrenia patients was accomplished through the coordination of nongovernmental organizations, remote specialists, and local care providers. The objective was microelimination effectiveness, defined as the multiplication of the rates of anti‐HCV antibodies screening, accurate HCV RNA diagnosis, treatment allocation, treatment completion, and sustained virological response (SVR12; no detectable HCV RNA throughout 12 weeks in the post‐treatment follow‐up period). A total of 1478 of the 2300 (64.3%) psychiatric patients received HCV mass screening. Seventy‐three (4.9%) individuals were seropositive for anti‐HCV antibodies. Of the 73 anti‐HCV seropositive patients, all (100%) received HCV reflex testing, and 29 (37.7%) patients had HCV viremia. Eight patients (34.8%) had advanced liver disease, including 3 with liver cirrhosis and 2 with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty‐three of the 24 (95.8%) patients who stayed in the healthcare system received and completed 8 weeks of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment and post‐treatment follow‐up without significant DDIs or adverse events. The SVR12 rate was 100%. The microelimination effectiveness in the current study was 61.6%. Individuals with serious mental illness are underserved and suffer from diagnostic delays. This patient‐centered and integrated outreach program facilitated HCV care in this marginalized population.
The Impact of Foreign Language Accent on Expert Listeners' Auditory‐Perceptual Evaluations of Dysphonia
Authors: Marks Katherine L. , Dahl Kimberly L. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAuditory‐perceptual evaluations of dysphonia, though essential for comprehensive voice evaluation, are subject to listener bias. Knowledge of an underlying voice disorder can influence auditory‐perceptual ratings. Accented speech results in increased listener effort and delays in word identification. Yet, little is known about the impact of foreign language accents on auditory‐perceptual ratings for dysphonic speakers. The purpose of this work was to determine the impact of a foreign language accent on experts' auditory‐perceptual ratings of dysphonic speakers.MethodsTwelve voice‐specializing SLPs who spoke with a General American English (GAE) accent rated vocal percepts of 28 speakers with a foreign language accent and 28 with a GAE accent, all of whom had been diagnosed with a voice disorder. Speaker groups were matched based on sex, age, and mean smoothed cepstral peak prominence. Four linear mixed‐effects models assessed the impact of a foreign language accent on expert auditory‐perceptual ratings of the overall severity of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, and strain.ResultsThe twelve raters demonstrated good inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability (ICC[3, k] = .89; mean ICC = .89). The linear mixed‐effects models revealed no significant impact of foreign language accent on ratings of overall severity of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, or strain.ConclusionDespite the possibility of increased listener effort and bias, foreign language accent incongruence had no effect on expert listeners' auditory‐perceptual evaluations for dysphonic speakers. Findings support the use of auditory‐perceptual evaluations for voice disorders across sociolinguistically diverse populations.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2272–2276, 2024
Microfiber Knot Resonators: Structure, Spectral Properties, and Sensing Applications
Authors: Zhang Ya‐nan , Gao Jing , Xia Feng , Han Bo , Zhao Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, compact micro‐/nanofiber sensors with fast response and high resolution have become a hot field in sensing and nanotechnology. In addition to the unique properties of microfibers such as strong evanescent field, low optical loss, and easy integration, microfiber knot resonators further improve the sensing capability due to their resonance properties. The potential high‐quality factor allows higher sensing sensitivity and resolution, which is very attractive for optical sensing at the micro‐/nano scale. More application potential can be effectively stimulated by improving the structure shape or principle or combining with functional sensitive materials. This paper first introduces the preparation process and spectral characteristics of conventional microfiber knots and then focuses on three new types of devices for enhancing the sensing performance, namely material‐coated, shape‐improved, and principle‐extended, and briefly analyzes their spectral properties. In addition, the research progress and applications of these sensors are summarized. Finally, the existing problems in this field are analyzed, and the directions for further development are discussed and prospected.
Development of novel models for fatigue life assessment of natural rubber/styrene‐butadiene rubber/nanoclay nanocomposite
Authors: Bakhshizade Ali , Ghasemi‐Ghalebahman Ahmad , Hajimousa Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the present work, multiple regression models are established for assessing the fatigue life of nanoclay nanocomposites comprising natural rubber (NR) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR). Quadratic (for two factors) and reduced cubic (for three factors) regression models have been applied to create the NR/SBR/nanoclay durability models, and the goodness of fit, homoscedasticity, and normality of the models were evaluated. Also, an analysis of the influence factors on the fatigue life of NR/SBR/nanoclay nanocomposites was done. Various factors were chosen for the investigation: strain amplitude, nanoclay loading, and test frequency. By creating the effects model, the main effects and the interactions of each factor on the fatigue life of the nanocomposites were considered. A statistical analysis of the quadratic model revealed that the strain amplitude has the most significant effect on the fatigue life of rubber samples. The variance analysis of the reduced cubic model showed that the nanoclay loading and the test frequency have the most negligible effect on the rubber samples' fatigue life, respectively. Despite the significant main impact of the studied factors, the 2‐way interaction, as well as the 3‐way interaction of the variables, was not effective in the reduced cubic fatigue life model.Highlights
Multiple regression models are used for the evaluation of the fatigue life.
The effect of nanoclay loading, the strain, and the test frequency are studied.
Statistically fatigue life prediction model of nanocomposite is created.
Nanoclay loading has the most effect on fatigue life.
Azide‐free Enantioselective Synthesis of Clinical Antibiotic (1R,2R)‐Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
Authors: Bhamboo Prateek , Sharma Anjali , Rithu Sai S. S. , Sahoo Shubhashree , Mondal Dhananjoy , Bera Smritilekha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of the broad‐spectrum antibiotic (1R,2R)‐chloramphenicol and its congener is described here. Our approach is based on the Evans asymmetric aldol reaction, which involves the use of a chiral ‘glycine enolate equivalent’ derived from N‐(N‐Boc‐glycinyl) oxazolidinone and p‐nitrobenzaldehyde. The reaction is catalyzed by TiCl4 and Hunig's base DIPEA, resulting in the production of both Evans syn‐ and non‐Evans anti‐adducts in a 3 : 1 diastereomeric ratio with 85 % combined yield. We achieved diastereoselectivity control in the reaction using Lewis acid TiCl4 along with DIPEA. Subsequently, the syn‐ and anti‐aldol products were transformed into (1R,2R)‐ and (1R,2S)‐chloramphenicol, respectively, using a three‐step method. The stereochemistry of the clinically used chloramphenicol was confirmed by measuring the optical rotation of the final compounds.
Effect of oxidated golden shower on the adsorption of diclofenac sodium in wastewater
Authors: Arliyani Isni , Syaifuddin Mohammad , Ni'am Achmad Chusnun , Murti Restu Hikmah Ayu , Jawwad Muhammad Abdus Salam , You Sheng‐Jie , Kuncoro Eko Prasetyo , Wang Ya‐Fen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research aimed to modify activated carbon into oxidated activated carbon because it can effectively remove diclofenac sodium (DCF) and increase the adsorption capability. In this study of the several variations of initial concentration and contact time, those variations affected the optimal result. To determine, the removal efficiency of diclofenac sodium used Golden Shower Activated Carbon based on the contact time variation and the optimum contact time compared to Golden Shower Oxidated Activated Carbon as adsorbent on the batch method and to know the isotherm model and the kinetic model of the adsorbent on the adsorption in diclofenac sodium solution. The pHPZC for GSHAC and GSHOAC were 2.4 and 9.3. The optimum contact time for GSHAC was 225 min with the capacity (qt = 184.71 mg/g). The optimum contact time for GSHOAC was 169 min with the capacity (qt = 188.34 mg/g). The Isotherm model, kinetics model, and the physical characterization of the biosorbent were thoroughly investigated. The isotherm model chosen in the adsorption process for GSHAC and GSHOAC was the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.985 and R2 = 0.973). The pseudo‐second‐order for GSHAC and GSHOAC was confirmed to be a kinetic pseudo‐second‐order model of the adsorption with R2 values of 0.9566 and 0.9986. The model represents that the reaction from the adsorbent to the solution was double the initial concentration. Based on SEM analysis after the adsorption process, it was found that flakes of adsorbent before adsorption had many layers of pores, causing an irregular texture after adsorption showed that GSHAC and GSHOAC were fragmented and had many layers of pores that were closed and tight because it adsorbed DCF.
Masking the transmembrane region of the amyloid β precursor protein as a safe means to lower amyloid β production
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Killick Richard , Wirth Daniel , Hoogland Dominique , Hristova Kalina , Ulmschneider Jakob P. , King Christopher R. , Ulmschneider Martin B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionReducing brain levels of both soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid beta (Aβ) remains the primary goal of most therapies that target Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no treatment has so far resulted in patient benefit, and clinical trials of the most promising drug candidates have generally failed due to significant adverse effects. This highlights the need for safer and more selective ways to target and modulate Aβ biogenesis.MethodsPeptide technology has advanced to allow reliable synthesis, purification, and delivery of once‐challenging hydrophobic sequences. This is opening up new routes to target membrane processes associated with disease. Here we deploy a combination of atomic detail molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, living‐cell Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and in vitro assays to elucidate the atomic‐detail dynamics, molecular mechanisms, and cellular activity and selectivity of a membrane‐active peptide that targets the Aβ precursor protein (APP).ResultsWe demonstrate that Aβ biogenesis can be downregulated selectively using an APP occlusion peptide (APPOP). APPOP inhibits Aβ production in a dose‐dependent manner, with a mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 450 nM toward exogenous APP and 50 nM toward endogenous APP in primary rat cortical neuronal cultures. APPOP does not impact the γ‐secretase cleavage of Notch‐1, or exhibit toxicity toward cultured primary rat neurons, suggesting that it selectively shields APP from proteolysis.DiscussionDrugs targeting AD need to be given early and for very long periods to prevent the onset of clinical symptoms. This necessitates being able to target Aβ production precisely and without affecting the activity of key cellular enzymes such as γ‐secretase for other substrates. Peptides offer a powerful way for targeting key pathways precisely, thereby reducing the risk of adverse effects. Here we show that protecting APP from proteolytic processing offers a promising route to safely and specifically lower Aβ burden. In particular, we show that the amyloid pathway can be targeted directly and specificically. This reduces the risk of off‐target effects and paves the way for a safe prophylactic treatment.
Antibodies against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Brucella spp. in captive and free‐living European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland
Authors: Didkowska Anna , Colino Elisa Ferreras , Olech Wanda , Gloddy Hugguette , Anusz Krzysztof , Infantes‐Lorenzo José Antonio , Gortázar Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe European bison (Bison bonasus), a symbol of Polish nature, is a protected species that requires active health monitoring. However, conservation efforts are made difficult by the zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to screen the Polish European bison population for exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and Brucella spp.MethodsA total of 323 free‐living and captive European bison from 13 localities were tested serologically for antibodies against the M. bovis P22 multi‐protein complex (in‐house ELISA) and against Brucella spp. (commercial ELISA).ResultsAntibodies against the MTC (P22) were detected in 7% (22/323) of the tested European bison. Anti‐MTC antibody positivity was not significantly different by sex, age, and captive/free range status. Anti‐MTC antibodies were found in six of 13 populations sampled, always in populations with larger sample sizes including the four free‐living ones. Antibodies against Brucella spp. were detected in 36% (116/323) of the tested bison. While Brucella spp. antibody prevalence was not different by sex, it was significantly different by age (lower in adults) and captive/free‐living status. Brucella spp. seroprevalence decreased with sample size and seropositive bison were found in 12 of 13 sampling populations.ConclusionsOur findings identify potential emerging threats to the European bison population and confirm the first serological response to P22 in European bison. As Poland is currently officially free of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, our results require careful interpretation. Further studies are needed to establish the presence of cross‐reactions with atypical mycobacteria in the case of MTC and other bacteria (e.g. Yersinia enterocolitica O:9) in the case of Brucella spp.
An Arc Beyond Stasis: Activism in the Hinterland-facing Fictions of Alex La Guma and Zoë Wicomb
Authors: van der Vlies Andrew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter puts into conversation novels by South African writers from the late-apartheid period—Alex La Guma’s In the Fog of the Seasons’ End (1972); Zoë Wicomb’s You Can’t Get Lost in Cape Town (1987)—that chart journeys of protagonists from political naïveté to activism. Drawing on Giorgio Agamben’s theorization of stasis as civil war, and Walter Benjamin’s theses about the reanimation of past utopian hope in the present, it considers how both writers revalue stasis as potential in relation to a geography sketched as trajectory from city to hinterland (after Phil Neel). The arc, differently drawn in each work, answers the exigencies of each author’s moment, though tending always toward a reactivation of the potential that lies waiting in the hinterland, near or far.
Hinterlands of Extraction, Climate Change, and South African Energy Companies
Authors: McBride Sindi-Leigh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter uses the concept of the hinterland to put scholarship on climate imperialism in conversation with contemporary climate change considerations, specifically focused on South African energy companies and their operations in Africa. Two areas are surveyed: first, the intertwined histories of climate and imperialism are discussed in relation to the notion of hermeneutic injustice. Second, the spheres of influence of two South African energy companies, Eskom and Sasol, are briefly considered to demonstrate some climate change considerations of post-apartheid expansion of South African corporations and to illustrate the importance of new approaches to thinking through the afterlives of climate imperialism.
Property Law and Its Contradictions
Authors: Jerolleman Alessandra , Marino Elizabeth , Jessee Nathan , Koslov Liz , Comardelle Chantel , Villarreal Melissa , de Vries Daniel , Manda Simon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite its ubiquity, “property” is a difficult legal concept to pin down. The property regime and case law regarding property encompass many different forms of tangible and intangible property such as land and structures, intellectual property, hunting rights, personal possessions, and much more.
Market Orientation as an Environmental Hazard for Resettling Communities
Authors: Jerolleman Alessandra , Marino Elizabeth , Jessee Nathan , Koslov Liz , Comardelle Chantel , Villarreal Melissa , de Vries Daniel , Manda Simon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor better and worse, community resettlement as climate adaptation can disrupt regional land and property relations. Government officials in U.S. jurisdictions have raised concerns that resettlement threatens municipal budget stability by potentially decreasing the property tax base and stifling future development (Koslov in Public Culture 28:359–387, 2016; Shi and Varuzzo, Cities 100, 2020).