bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E as a protective antioxidant in progressive renal failure
Authors: Fryer Michael J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Progression to renal failure is significantly worsened by oxidative stress in chronic inflammatory kidney disease (IgA nephropathy, antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis), rhabdomyolysis (myoglobinic acute renal failure), diabetic nephropathy and in poisoning by nephrotoxic compounds such as transition metals, paraquat and drugs such as cyclosporine A and cisplatin. The membrane antioxidant vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) is examined as a potential therapeutic intervention that may help to slow the rate of decline of kidney function in such conditions. An impaired plasma antioxidant defence system is characteristic of chronic renal failure and the uremic state. Vitamin E therapy is also considered as a means of correcting plasma antioxidant status and attenuating the cardiovascular disease that accompanies kidney failure.
Modelling nursing activities: electronic patient records and their discontents
Authors: Goorman Els , Berg Marc 
Published: March 2003

Modelling nursing activities: electronic patient records and their discontents A fully integrated and operating EPR in a clinical setting is hard to find: most applications can be found in outpatient or general practice settings or in isolated hospital wards. In clinical work practice problems with the electronic patient record (EPR) are frequent. These problems are at least partially due to the models of health care work embedded in EPRs. In this paper we will argue that these problems are at least partially due to the models of health care work embedded in current EPRs. We suggest that these models often contain projections of nurses’ and doctors’ work as it should be performed on the ward, rather than depicting how work is actually performed. We draw upon sociological insights to elucidate the fluid and pragmatic nature of healthcare work and give recommendations for the development of an empirically based EPR, which can support the work of nurses and other health care providers. We argue that these issues are of great importance to the nursing profession, since the EPR will help define the worksettings of the future. Since it is a tool that will impact the development of the nursing profession, nurses have and should have a stake in its development.
Frequent observation: sexualities, self‐surveillance, confession and the construction of the active patient
Authors: Pryce Anthony 
Published: March 2003

Frequent observation: sexualities, self‐surveillance, confession and the construction of the active patient Following Foucault’s analyses of the development of the disciplinary power of the medical gaze, this paper describes the themes that are relocating the ‘active patient’ as the central object of health scrutiny by professionals. A key element in these discourses has been the deployment of power through disciplinary knowledge and techniques of social control through ritual forms of confession, thereby positing the patient/client as the subject of self‐surveillance. The individual is also engaged their own sexuality, performativity and ‘truths’ of sexual experience. These Foucauldian insights have constructed the notion of surveillance medicine, whereby with the assistance of professional technologies, not only the patient’s body but also the ‘self’ can be probed through incitement to confess. However, the actor is not docile; resistances to disciplinary techniques are evident and within the professional practices of the clinic, there is resistance to the power of the erotic. The paper draws on recent research on the social construction of male sexualities in the fields of genitourinary practice, and explores how the ceremonial practices of the clinic engage with the rise of surveillance medicine and the medicalisation of everyday life. The individual actor is exhorted to engage in increased sexual and medical self‐surveillance and to be recruited in the project of becoming an ‘active patient’. It concludes with an examination of some of the implications this surveillance of self may have for practitioners in terms of power and the professional lens through which the sexualised, symbolic body is viewed.
The impact of recent changes in public health insurance on community‐based health‐care in the USA
Authors: Milio Nancy 
Published: March 2003

The impact of recent changes in public health insurance on community‐based health‐care in the USARecent changes in US government‐funded healthcare insurance are having profound impacts on all types of community‐based health‐care, reducing access to care by vulnerable populations. This article traces the impacts of recent policies on a range of community institutions in which nurses play a critical role, such as health centers, highlighting the effects on access to care and the survival of non‐profit services in less‐advantaged communities. In general, the new policies shifted revenues into fixed payment per client contracts (capitation) paid to for‐profit managed care organizations and away from non‐profit community services. The full impact of this competitive, market‐oriented system of health services has just begun to be felt. The uncertainties and dissatisfactions assure continued activity to change current conditions, including efforts by groups that seek greater access to health services for all populations and security for committed providers and personnel, including nurses.
The externality of the inside: body images of pregnancy
Authors: Schmied Virginia , Lupton Deborah 
Published: March 2003

The externality of the inside: body images of pregnancyThis paper draws on literature, empirical data and a range of theoretical perspectives on the maternal body to examine understandings of the relationship between a pregnant woman and her foetus, with a particular focus on the body images used by women to represent this relationship. Psychoanalytic and nursing accounts of the relationship between mother and foetus have often described a symbiotic ‘oneness’ or unity during pregnancy. Such accounts, however, stress the temporary nature of this unity and identify a series of ‘stages’ of separation or ‘polarisation’ between mother and foetus during pregnancy. In contrast, many of the 25 women who participated in our interview study of new motherhood described a confusion of the boundary between self and foetus. For many women the experience of pregnancy and the relationship with the unborn baby was ambiguous and uncertain. Importantly, none of these women described her relationship with the foetus as a series of developmental stages, but rather saw it as fluctuating throughout pregnancy. These findings are more consistent with the work of feminist theorists who describe pregnancy as a dynamic and fluid merging of the inside and the outside of the body/self.
Hermeneutics and narration: a way to deal with qualitative data
Authors: Wiklund Lena , Lindholm Lisbet , Lindström Unni Å. 
Published: March 2003

Hermeneutics and narration: a way to deal with qualitative data This article focuses a hermeneutic approach on the interpretation of narratives. It is based on the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur's theory of interpretation but modified and used within a caring science paradigm. The article begins with a presentation of the theoretical underpinnings of hermeneutic philosophy and narration, as well as Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, before going on to describe the interpretation process as modified by the authors. The interpretation process, which consists of several stages, is exemplified and discussed using a single case from a larger study on suffering. The results of that study indicate that the struggle of suffering is perceived as a struggle formed between shame and dignity, and that nurses must engage in the process of preserving and restoring the dignity of their suffering patients. The authors suggest that Ricoeur's theory of interpretation is useful when trying to understand narrative data if the researcher realises that the process of distanciation, although central in Ricoeur's thinking, is not the goal of the process but rather a means to deal with the researcher's pre‐understandings. According to Ricoeur, distanciation is accomplished by putting the context aside and dealing with the text ‘as text’ and thereby explaining its meaning. Explanation thus becomes the dialectic counterpart to understanding in the interpretation process. The researchers further argue that distanciation must be followed by reflection, where the interpretations are linked back to the empirical context.
Schizophrenia: Is it time to replace the term?
Authors: Ono Yutaka , Satsumi Yuki , Kim Yoshiharu , Iwadate Toshiharu , Moriyama Kimio , Nakane Yoshibumi , Nakata Teruo , Okagami Kazuo , Sakai Toshiaki , Sato Mitsumoto , Someya Toshiyuki , Takagi Shunsuke , Ushijima Sadanobu , Yamauchi Keita , Yoshimura Kimio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe attitudes of Japanese psychiatrists toward their patients who suffer from schizophrenia were investigated. We were concerned specifically with whether the psychiatrists inform their patients of the suspected diagnosis. We discuss how the term ‘schizophrenia’ may influence a psychiatrist’s decision to inform his patients of the diagnosis. A self‐reported questionnaire was distributed to 150 executive board members of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology and analysis of the data obtained from 110 respondents was carried out. The results showed that the concepts that psychiatrists use when they give a diagnosis of schizophrenia vary considerably. Fifty‐nine per cent of the respondents informed their patients of a diagnosis of schizophrenia on a case‐by‐case basis, while 37% informed only the patients’ families. A tree analysis showed that the most important predictors for informing the patients of the diagnosis were assumptions about the public image of schizophrenia and a negative impression of the term schizophrenia, translated as ‘Seishin Bunretsu Byou’ in Japanese. The results revealed that the Japanese term for schizophrenia influences a psychiatrist’s decision to inform patients of the diagnosis and that, by changing the term to a less stigmatized one, the disclosure of information about schizophrenia to patients would be promoted.
White matter hyperintensity detected by magnetic resonance imaging and lithium response in bipolar disorder: A preliminary observation
Authors: Kato Tadafumi , Fujii Kumiko , Kamiya Atsushi , Kato Nobumasa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe possible relationship between deep white matter hyperintensity (WMHI) lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging and response to lithium was examined in 16 patients with bipolar disorder who had been under maintenance treatment with lithium for more than 1 year. Bipolar patients who had higher scores of WMHI responded significantly better to lithium (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) than did those who had lower scores. This preliminary result suggests that the presence of WMHI may be associated with a better response to lithium.
Does smoking cessation improve mental health?
Authors: Mino Yoshio , Shigemi Jun , Otsu Tadahiro , Tsuda Toshihide , Babazono Akir 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is a possibility that cessation of smoking improves mental health, but there are no studies that have demonstrated this. A cohort study was performed for 1 year in 18 males who spontaneously stopped smoking (cessation group) and 173 who continued to smoke (smoking group). The mental health state was evaluated using the Japanese version of the 30‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐30) before the cessation of smoking and 6 months and 1 year after smoking cessation. Changes in the GHQ score were compared between the cessation and smoking groups. In order to control the effects of confounding factors, multiple regression analyses were performed using the GHQ score after 6 months and 1 year as dependent variables. The GHQ score in the cessation group significantly decreased 6 months and 1 year after smoking cessation (P < 0.04 and 0.01, respectively, by paired t‐test). In the smoking group, the GHQ score slightly decreased. Repeated measure analysis of variance revealed that the decrease in the GHQ score in the cessation group was significantly larger than in the smoking group. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of smoking cessation on mental health after controlling for other confounding factors. It can be concluded that smoking cessation may improve mental health.
Obsession of hearing music: From the viewpoint of Morita theory
Authors: Gomibuchi Takashi , Gomibuchi Kumiko , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Hitoshi , Hayakawa Tohsaku 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present two typical cases among five Japanese students who have complained of hearing music. They were found among 638 student case reports during 4 years at the mental health service center of a preparatory school. We diagnosed the complaint of hearing music as a symptom of obsession. Morita therapy was an effective treatment for this symptom. We discuss the characteristics of the symptom as an obsession and the therapy in the light of Morita theory.
Automatic detection of rapid eye movements by discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Tsuji Yoichi , Satoh Hideki , Itoh Nobuyuki , Sekiguchi Yuuki , Nagasawa Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to detect rapid eye movements (REM) automatically, the Discrete Wavelet Transform was applied to each 8‐s segment of electrooculogram (EOG) data for 30 min of 8 h of normal sleep. The Haar function was used as an analysing wavelet because this function is similar to the REM waveform. By shifting the phase of the analysing wavelet by π/4 of the function, 96% of REM could be detected. The artifacts caused by body movements could be detected simultaneously by this method. Computing time required for the detection of REM was only 11 s for 30 min EOG data.
The influence of sleep position and obesity on sleep apnea
Authors: Itasaka Yoshiaki , Miyazaki Soichiro , Ishikawa Kazuo , Togawa Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe influence of sleep position and the degree of obesity were examined in 257 subjects with sleep apnea. Subjects were divided into three groups according to obesity: normal weight (body mass index (BMI) under 24.0 kg/m 2), mild obese (BMI 24.0–26.4 kg/m
2) and obese group (BMI 26.4 kg/m
2 and heavier). The apnea + hypopnea index (AHI), the intraesophageal pressure and the lowest oxygen saturation became significantly worse according to the degree of obesity. The subjects were also divided into two groups according to the reduction in the AHI by lateral position: good responders showed 50% or more reduction of AHI in lateral position and poor responders indicated less than 50% reduction. The percentage of good responders to sleep position change was 90.9% in normal weight group, 74.0% in mild obese group and 57.4% in the obese group. The ratio of the subjects who had indicated two or more obstructive sites in normal weight group was 36.0% in good responders and 40.0% in poor responders. The ratio in the mild obese group was 51.8% in good responders and 66.7% in poor responders. In the obese group, the ratio was 59.4% in good responders and 78.9% in poor responders.
Characteristics of patients with hypnotic‐related psychiatric disorders in the nationwide mental hospital survey
Authors: Ozaki Shigeru , Kikuchi Shuichi , Wada Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of patients with hypnotic‐related psychiatric disorders. Subjects were 90 patients reported in the nationwide Mental Hospital Survey in 1998, who were divided into three groups according to their history of substances use. Group A (patients without history of any illicit substance use) was estimated to be the most common and core group with iatrogenic characteristics. Hypnotic use in Group B (patients with history of any illicit substance use) was recognized as one of behavioral disorders in the psychosocial context. Patients in Group C (patients with multiple‐substance use and without history of any illicit substance use) showed the most serious disorders in the context of addiction. More specified treatment programs would be required considering patients’ characteristics.
Development of body temperature rhythm: 6 years follow up of three cases
Authors: Ishihara Kaneyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate longitudinally the relationship between phase of temperature rhythm and sleep habits. Sleep‐logs were recorded from three children for 3 weeks during school term and 1 week before the experiment, and oral temperature was recorded for 2 consecutive days during summer vacations for 6 years. Although previous studies have reported that phase of temperature rhythm was established by 5 years old, phase delay of temperature was found in all subjects even after 5 years old. These results suggest that the establishment of temperature phase is after 5 years old.
Questionnaire relating to sleep paralysis
Authors: Kotorii Tsuyoshi , Kotorii Tatayu , Uchimura Naohisa , Hashizume Yuji , Shirakawa Shinichirou , Satomura Takeshi , Tanaka Junji , Nakazawa Youichi , Maeda Hisao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA sleep survey was conducted on 8162 citizens. The cumulative experience rate of sleep paralysis was 39.6%. The initial occurrence of sleep paralysis peaked at age 16 years. In addition to being higher in young people than in older subjects, the incidence of sleep paralysis was also higher among women than among men, and was significantly higher among shift worker than non‐shift worker, and among persons engaged in the nursing profession than those not engaged in the nursing profession. The experience rate of sleep paralysis demonstrated a strong correlation with the frequency of dreaming, the experience rate of nightmares, times and regularity of going to bed and waking up, and particularly with the degree of insomnia.
Parasomnia as an occasion for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Miyamoto Masayuki , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Takekawa Hidehiro , Kubo Jin , Hirata Koichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosed by REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). The patient was a 68‐year‐old man. On admission, rigidity in the left upper and lower extremities, bradykinesia, and gait disturbance were noted. In addition, polysomnography revealed REM sleep without atonia (RWA), and a diagnosis of untreated PD associated with RBD was made. Polysomnographic data showed that REM density decreased and RWA tended to increase after administration of a combination of L‐DOPA and DCI (L‐DOPA/DCI). Thus, we considered that the pathophysiological mechanism of RBD in this case was based not only on the dysfunction of the brainstem mechanism of RWA, but also on the impairment of dopaminergic neuron.
Re‐entrainment of the circadian rhythms of plasma melatonin in an 11‐h eastward bound flight
Authors: Takahashi Toshiharu , Sasaki Mitsuo , Itoh Hiroshi , Yamadera Wataru , Ozone Motohiro , Obuchi Keita , Matsunaga Naoki , Sano Hidetaka , Hayashida Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated the re‐entrainment of melatonin rhythm in an 11‐h eastward‐bound flight. Eight male subjects participated in the present study. Blood sampling was carried out once before the flight and twice after the flight. During the daytime the subjects were exposed to natural zeitgeber outdoors on the day except the blood sampling. Seven of eight subjects showed antidromic re‐entrainment, and the other subject showed orthodromic re‐entrainment. The intensity of natural day light in New York amounted to 20 000 lx. As for the direction of the re‐entrainment in New York the antidromic re‐entrainment is naturally dominant.
Effects of vitamin B12 on bright light on cognitive and sleep–wake rhythm in Alzheimer‐type dementia
Authors: Ito Takao , Yamadera Hiroshi , Ito Ritsuko , Suzuki Hideaki , Asayama Kentaro , Endo Shunkichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of vitamin B12 (VB12) on circadian rhythm in Alzheimer‐type dementia (ATD). Twenty‐eight ATD patients were treated with bright light therapy (BLT) for 8 weeks. For the latter 4 weeks, half were treated with VB12 with BLT (BLT + VB12). We evaluated the cognitive state with Mini‐Mental State Examination and the circadian rhythm with actigraphy after the fourth and eighth week. After the first 4 weeks BLT improved the circadian rhythm disturbances and cognitive state especially in the early stage of ATD. Although the latter 4 week‐BLT caused no significant effects on the circadian rhythm; BLT + VB12 improved the vigilance level during the daytime. These results suggest that VB12 has some efficiency to enhance vigilance for ATD patients.
A negative component superimposed on event‐related potentials during light drowsiness
Authors: Sekine Atsushi , Niiyama Yoshitsugu , Kutsuzawa Osamu , Shimizu Tetsuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study examined the nature of the negative shift of event‐related potential (ERP) recorded during the fully awake state, wakefulness with minor awareness deficit (light drowsiness) and stage 1 of NREM sleep. The cortical responses evoked by two types of auditory stimuli were recorded in nine subjects at the different levels of consciousness described above. A negative component with peak latency of 250–350 msec, N300, was identified in ERP during light drowsiness but not in the fully awake state. In stage 1a (stage 1 without vertex sharp waves), the amplitude of N300 was higher than that in light drowsiness, and it was higher in stage 1b than in stage 1a. The scalp distribution of N300 was predominantly on the vertex. It also confirmed that the vertex sharp wave evoked during stage 1 is maximal on the vertex and its peak latency is approximately 300 msec. Considering the similarity in scalp distribution and peak latency between N300 and vertex sharp wave, it is possible that these electroencephalogram phenomena are generated by an identical synchronizing mechanism in the brain. We assumed that N300 observed during light drowsiness may be an incomplete product of vertex sharp wave.
Phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive disorder in Taiwan
Authors: Juang Yeong‐Yuh , Liu Chia‐Yih 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the phenomenology, comorbidities, correlation with depressive disorders, and gender differences in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in Taiwan. Two hundred outpatients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of OCD according to DSM‐IV were included. Patient characteristics, age at onset, symptom profile, and Axis I comorbidity were recorded. Gender differences, age at onset, and comorbidity of depressive disorders among different subtypes of OCD were compared. The most common obsession was contamination, followed by pathological doubt, and need for symmetry. The most common compulsion was checking, followed by washing, and orderliness compulsions. More men than women presented with the obsession of need for symmetry. Eighty‐three (41.5%) subjects had comorbid depressive disorders. Women had more major depressive disorder. Patients with somatic obsessions were more likely to have major depressive disorder. Most clinical characteristics of OCD in Taiwan were similar to that of previous studies in other countries.