bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of the Sir3 N Terminus and Its Acetylation for Yeast Transcriptional Silencing
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Connelly Jessica J , Wang Chia-Lin , Sternglanz Rolf 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The N-terminal alanine residues of the silencing protein Sir3 and of Orc1 are acetylated by the NatA Nα-acetyltransferase. Mutations demonstrate that the N terminus of Sir3 is important for its function. Sir3 and, perhaps, also Orc1 are the NatA substrates whose lack of acetylation in ard1 and nat1 mutants explains the silencing defect of those mutants.
Gene Expression Intensity Shapes Evolutionary Rates of the Proteins Encoded by the Vertebrate Genome
Authors: Subramanian Sankar , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Natural selection leaves its footprints on protein-coding sequences by modulating their silent and replacement evolutionary rates. In highly expressed genes in invertebrates, these footprints are seen in the higher codon usage bias and lower synonymous divergence. In mammals, the highly expressed genes have a shorter gene length in the genome and the breadth of expression is known to constrain the rate of protein evolution. Here we have examined how the rates of evolution of proteins encoded by the vertebrate genomes are modulated by the amount (intensity) of gene expression. To understand how natural selection operates on proteins that appear to have arisen in earlier and later phases of animal evolution, we have contrasted patterns of mouse proteins that have homologs in invertebrate and protist genomes (Precambrian genes) with those that do not have such detectable homologs (vertebrate-specific genes). We find that the intensity of gene expression relates inversely to the rate of protein sequence evolution on a genomic scale. The most highly expressed genes actually show the lowest total number of substitutions per polypeptide, consistent with cumulative effects of purifying selection on individual amino acid replacements. Precambrian genes exhibit a more pronounced difference in protein evolutionary rates (up to three times) between the genes with high and low expression levels as compared to the vertebrate-specific genes, which appears to be due to the narrower breadth of expression of the vertebrate-specific genes. These results provide insights into the differential relationship and effect of the increasing complexity of animal body form on evolutionary rates of proteins.
Sequencing Complex Diseases With HapMap
Authors: Liu Tian , Johnson Julie A , Casella George , Wu Rongling 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDetermining the patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome is a useful first step toward identifying the genetic basis of a common disease. A haplotype map (HapMap), aimed at describing these variation patterns across the entire genome, has been recently developed by the International HapMap Consortium. In this article, we present a novel statistical model for directly characterizing specific sequence variants that are responsible for disease risk based on the haplotype structure provided by HapMap. Our model is developed in the maximum-likelihood context, implemented with the EM algorithm. We perform simulation studies to investigate the statistical properties of this disease-sequencing model. A worked example from a human obesity study with 155 patients was used to validate this model. In this example, we found that patients carrying a haplotype constituted by allele Gly16 at codon 16 and allele Gln27 at codon 27 genotyped within the β2AR candidate gene display significantly lower body mass index than patients carrying the other haplotypes. The implications and extensions of our model are discussed.
Shared Forces of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Haploid-Mating and Diploid-Mating OrganismsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under the accession nos. BZ81929 and BZ782612.
Authors: Hood Michael E , Antonovics Janis , Koskella Britt 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
It is usually posited that the most important factors contributing to sex chromosome evolution in diploids are the suppression of meiotic recombination and the asymmetry that results from one chromosome (the Y) being permanently heterozygous and the other (the X) being homozygous in half of the individuals involved in mating. To distinguish between the roles of these two factors, it would be valuable to compare sex chromosomes in diploid-mating organisms and organisms where mating compatibility is determined in the haploid stage. In this latter group, no such asymmetry occurs because the sex chromosomes are equally heterozygous. Here we show in the fungus Microbotryum violaceum that the chromosomes carrying the mating-type locus, and thus determining haploid-mating compatibility, are rich in transposable elements, dimorphic in size, and carry unequal densities of functional genes. Through analysis of available complete genomes, we also show that M. violaceum is, remarkably, more similar to humans and mice than to yeast, nematodes, or fruit flies with regard to the differential accumulation of transposable elements in the chromosomes determining mating compatibility vs. the autosomes. We conclude that restricted recombination, rather than asymmetrical sheltering, hemizygosity, or dosage compensation, is sufficient to account for the common sex chromosome characteristics.
Division of Labor Among the Yeast Sol Proteins Implicated in tRNA Nuclear Export and Carbohydrate Metabolism
Authors: Stanford D R , Whitney M L , Hurto R L , Eisaman D M , Shen W-C , Hopper A K 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
SOL1, the founding member of the S. cerevisiae SOL family, was previously identified as a multi-copy suppressor of the los1 defect in tRNA-mediated nonsense suppression. Here we report that the four-member SOL family is not essential and that individual family members appear to have distinct functions. SOL1–SOL4 are homologous to genes encoding 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6Pgl) involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. Both Sol3p and Sol4p affect this activity. However, Sol4p does not act as a los1 multi-copy suppressor. In contrast, neither Sol1p nor Sol2p, both of which correct the los1 defect in nonsense suppression, possess detectable 6Pgl activity. Rather, Sol1p and Sol2p appear to function in tRNA nuclear export as sol1 and sol2 mutants possess elevated levels of nuclear tRNA. Members of the Sol protein family appear to have different subcellular distributions. Thus, Sol3p and Sol4p likely function in carbohydrate metabolism, while Sol1p and Sol2p appear to have roles in tRNA function and nuclear export, thereby defining an unusual protein family whose individual members are biochemically distinct and spatially dispersed.
Three-Item Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale
Authors: Forbes David , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Lawrence-Wood Ellie , Villalobos Javier , Madden Kelsey , Gutierrez Ian A. , Cowlishaw Sean , Baur Jenelle , Adler Amy B. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceProblematic anger is prevalent and associated with adjustment difficulties in military populations. To facilitate measurement of problematic anger, a very brief valid measure is needed.ObjectiveTo reduce the Dimensions of Anger Reactions 5-item (DAR-5) scale to a very brief measure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2014 and 2016 in the Australian Transition and Well-Being Research Programme and US Millennium Cohort Study. Participants were service members who were actively serving or had transitioned out of the military (separated). Statistical analyses were performed from September 2021 to June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe DAR-5 was reduced to the 3 experiential items: frequency, intensity, and duration (the DAR-3). Psychometrics for the DAR-3 and DAR-5 were compared in terms of standardized Cronbach α, positive screening result, mean, and SD. Analyses were stratified by Australian and US military service status cohorts (active duty and separated).ResultsA total of 71 010 participants were included from Australia and the US. Of 10 900 Australian participants (8145 active duty participants [74.7%]; 2755 separated participants [25.3%]), 5893 (55.2%) were aged 40 years or older and 8774 (80.5%) were male; of 60 110 US participants (24 706 active duty participants [41.1%]; 35 404 separated participants [58.9%]), 28 804 (47.9%) were aged 30 to 39 years and 43 475 (72.3%) were male. The DAR-3 demonstrated good internal consistency in the active duty (Australia: mean [SD] score, 4.97 [2.5]; α = 0.90; US: mean [SD] score, 5.04 [2.6]; α = 0.87) and separated (Australia: mean [SD] score, 6.53 [3.4]; α = 0.92; US: mean [SD] score, 6.05 [3.2]; α = 0.91) samples. The cutoff score of 8 or greater on the DAR-3 had optimal sensitivity and specificity across all samples. DAR-3 and DAR-5 were associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, aggression, and relationship conflict. While the scales did not significantly differ in their associations with PTSD, depression, and relationship conflict, the magnitude of association for aggression was significantly lower in US samples using the DAR-3 (eg, US active duty sample: DAR-5 OR, 9.96; 95% CI, 9.01-11.00; DAR-3 OR, 8.36; 95% CI, 7.58-9.22).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of a very brief measure of anger, each item contributed to the overall strength of the measure without losing psychometric strength compared with the DAR-5. The consistency of these findings across military and veteran samples in Australian and US populations demonstrated the psychometric robustness of the DAR-3.
Alirocumab in Pediatric Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Santos Raul D. , Wiegman Albert , Caprio Sonia , Cariou Bertrand , Averna Maurizio , Poulouin Yann , Scemama Michel , Manvelian Garen , Garon Genevieve , Daniels Stephen 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceMany pediatric patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) cannot reach recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations on statins alone and require adjunct lipid-lowering therapy (LLT); the use of alirocumab in pediatric patients requires evaluation.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of alirocumab in pediatric patients with inadequately controlled HeFH.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a phase 3, randomized clinical trial conducted between May 2018 and August 2022 at 43 centers in 24 countries. Pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years with HeFH, LDL-C 130 mg/dL or greater, and receiving statins or other LLTs were included. Following consecutive enrollment into dosing cohorts, 25 of 99 patients screened for dosing every 2 weeks (Q2W) failed screening; 25 of 104 patients screened for dosing every 4 weeks (Q4W) failed screening. A total of 70 of 74 Q2W patients (95%) and 75 of 79 Q4W patients (95%) completed the double-blind period.InterventionsPatients were randomized 2:1 to subcutaneous alirocumab or placebo and Q2W or Q4W. Dosage was based on weight (40 mg for Q2W or 150 mg for Q4W if &amp;lt;50 kg; 75 mg for Q2W or 300 mg for Q4W if ≥50 kg) and adjusted at week 12 if LDL-C was 110 mg/dL or greater at week 8. After the 24-week double-blind period, patients could receive alirocumab in an 80-week open-label period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was percent change in LDL-C from baseline to week 24 in each cohort.ResultsAmong 153 patients randomized to receive alirocumab or placebo (mean [range] age, 12.9 [8-17] years; 87 [56.9%] female), alirocumab showed statistically significant reductions in LDL-C vs placebo in both cohorts at week 24. Least squares mean difference in percentage change from baseline was −43.3% (97.5% CI, −56.0 to −30.7; P &amp;lt; .001) Q2W and −33.8% (97.5% CI, −46.4 to −21.2; P &amp;lt; .001) Q4W. Hierarchical analysis of secondary efficacy end points demonstrated significant improvements in other lipid parameters at weeks 12 and 24 with alirocumab. Two patients receiving alirocumab Q4W experienced adverse events leading to discontinuation. No significant difference in adverse event incidence was observed between treatment groups. Open-label period findings were consistent with the double-blind period.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings in this study indicate that alirocumab Q2W or Q4W significantly may be useful for reducing LDL-C and other lipid parameters and be well tolerated in pediatric patients with HeFH inadequately controlled with statins.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03510884
Stability Analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 with Heart Attack Effected Patients and Bifurcation
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Abbas Safdar , Inc Mustafa , Ghaffar Abdul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze and investigate the SARS‐CoV‐2 (SC‐2) transmission with effect of heart attack in United Kingdom with advanced mathematical tools. Mathematical model is converted into fractional order with the help of fractal fractional operator (FFO). The proposed fractional order system is investigated qualitatively as well as quantitatively to identify its stable position. Local stability of the SC‐2 system is verified and test the proposed system with flip bifurcation. Also system is investigated for global stability using Lyponove first and second derivative functions. The existence, boundedness, and positivity of the SC‐2 is checked which are the key properties for such of type of epidemic problem to identify reliable findings. Effect of global derivative is demonstrated to verify its rate of effects of heart attack in united kingdom. Solutions for fractional order system are derived with the help of advanced tool FFO for different fractional values to verify the combine effect of COVID‐19 and heart patients. Simulation are carried out to see symptomatic as well as a symptomatic effects of SC‐2 in the United Kingdom as well as its global effects, also show the actual behavior of SC‐2 which will be helpful to understand the outbreak of SC‐2 for heart attack patients and to see its real behavior globally as well as helpful for future prediction and control strategies.
Dense Stacking of Millimeter‐Sized Perovskite Single Crystals for Sensitive and Low‐Bias Hard X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Sun Tianxiang , Xie Shengdan , Li Ning , Jiang Xiaomei , Cheng Xiao , Liu Yucheng , Tao Xutang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Chen Zhaolai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite single crystals are promising for hard X‐ray detection, but growth of large‐sized thin single crystals and inhibition of halide ion migration under high bias are challenging. Herein, the preparation of dense stacking of oriented millimeter‐sized perovskite single crystals with capability of large‐area fabrication, controlled thickness, and high ion migration activation energy (Ea)is reported. The oriented growth results in absence of grain boundaries parallel with the substrates, leading to large carrier mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product of 2.7 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, which is comparable to values of many perovskite bulk single crystals. Under low bias, hard X‐ray detectors exhibit high sensitivity of 1.2 × 104 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and low detection limit of 87.5 nGy s−1, which are comparable to those of many single‐crystal hard X‐ray detectors under high bias. Moreover, combination of low bias and high Ea results in weak halide ion migration and small dark current drift of 3.2 × 10−4 nA cm−1 s−1 v−1. Benefited from the superior detector performance, high‐contrast hard X‐ray imaging can be obtained at a low dose rate of 1.26 µGy s−1. The work may promote the application of perovskite hard X‐ray detectors in practical imaging area.
Harnessing Conformational Disorder of Organic Cations for Efficient Blue Quasi‐2D Perovskite LEDs
Authors: Zhuang Lyuchao , Li Chuanzhao , Wei Qi , Zhu Renlong , Ren Hui , Shi Fangyi , Leng Kai , Li Mingjie , Ye Shuji , Lau Shu Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite quasi‐2D perovskite offering great control over the optoelectronic properties, disordered organic cations are often perceived as detrimental to device performance, primarily affecting charge carrier mobility. However, it is proposed that such disordered organic cations‐enabled excellent excitonic properties can be beneficial for fabricating high‐efficiency perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) facilitated by reduced dielectric screening effect. Here, by incorporating acetamidinium bromide additives, the conformational disorder of organic cation is precisely manipulated and meticulously probed using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Finally, a distinctive inverse relationship is elucidated between the degree of conformational order, characterized as relative structure ordering , and key performance metrics such as photoluminescence quantum yield and external quantum efficiency (EQE). By optimizing the configurational disorder, sky‐blue (485 nm) PeLEDs achieve a noteworthy EQE of 14.42% and exhibit significantly prolonged operational stability in open‐air conditions. This finding underscores the potential advantages of disordered organic cations in enhancing exciton properties and radiative recombination efficiency.
Precise Design of TiO2@CoOx Heterostructure via Atomic Layer Deposition for Synergistic Sono‐Chemodynamic Oncotherapy
Authors: Liu Wen , Shao Runrun , Guo Lingyun , Man Jianliang , Zhang Chengwu , Li Lihong , Wang Haojiang , Wang Bin , Guo Lixia , Ma Sufang , Zhang Bin , Diao Haipeng , Qin Yong , Yan Lili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT), a tumor treatment modality with high tissue penetration and low side effects, is able to selectively kill tumor cells by producing cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with ultrasound‐triggered sonosensitizers. N‐type inorganic semiconductor TiO2 has low ROS quantum yields under ultrasound irradiation and inadequate anti‐tumor activity. Herein, by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create a heterojunction between porous TiO2 and CoOx, the sonodynamic therapy efficiency of TiO2 can be improved. Compared to conventional techniques, the high controllability of ALD allows for the delicate loading of CoOx nanoparticles into TiO2 pores, resulting in the precise tuning of the interfaces and energy band structures and ultimately optimal SDT properties. In addition, CoOx exhibits a cascade of H2O2→O2→·O2− in response to the tumor microenvironment, which not only mitigates hypoxia during the SDT process, but also contributes to the effect of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Correspondingly, the synergistic CDT/SDT treatment is successful in inhibiting tumor growth. Thus, ALD provides new avenues for catalytic tumor therapy and other pharmaceutical applications.
Coupling Electron Transfer and Redox Site in Boranil Covalent Organic Framework Toward Boosting Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Borse Rahul Anil , Tan Yan‐Xi , Lin Jing , Zhou Enbo , Hui Yangdan , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Yaobing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe efficient polymeric semiconducting photocatalyst for solar‐driven sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer oxygen evolution has spurred scientific interest. However, existing photocatalysts limited by π‐conjugations, visible‐light harvest, and charge transfer often compromise the O2production rate. Herein, we introduced an alternative strategy involving a boranil functionalized‐based fully π‐conjugated ordered donor and acceptor (D–A) covalent organic frameworks (Ni‐TAPP‐COF‐BF2) photocatalyst. The co‐catalyst‐freeNi‐TAPP‐COF‐BF2exhibits an excellent ~11‐fold photocatalytic water oxidation rate, reaching 1404 μmol g−1 h−1under visible light irradiation compared to pristineNi‐TAPP‐COF(123 μmol g−1 h−1) alone and surpasses to reported organic frameworks counterpart. Both experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the push/pull mechanism (metalloporphyrin/BF2) is responsible for the appropriate light‐harvesting properties and extending π‐conjugation through chelating BF2moieties. This strategy benefits in narrowing band structure, improving photo‐induced charge separation, and prolonged charge recombination. Further, the lower spin magnetic moment ofM‐TAPP‐COF‐BF2and the closer d‐band center of metal sites toward the Fermi level lead to a lower energy barrier for *O intermediate. Reveal the potential of the functionalization strategy and opens up an alternative approach for engineering future photocatalysts in energy conversion applications.
Sulfonyl Molecules Induced Oriented Lithium Deposition for Long‐Term Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Da , Gu Rong , Yang Yunxu , Ge Jiaqi , Xu Jinting , Xu Qunjie , Shi Penghui , Liu Mingxian , Guo Zaiping , Min Yulin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDendrites growth and unstable interfacial Li+ transport hinder the practical application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, we report an active layer of 2,4,6–trihydroxy benzene sulfonyl fluorine on copper substrate that induces oriented Li+ deposition and generates highly crystalline solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) to achieve high‐performance LMBs. The lithiophilic −SO2− groups of highly crystalline SEI accept the rapidly transported Li+ ions and form a dense inner layer of LiF and Li3N, which regulate Li+ plating morphology along the (110) crystal surface toward dendrite‐free Li anode. Thus, Li||Cu cells with lithiophilic SEI achieve an average deposition efficiency of 99.8 % after 700 cycles, and Li||Li cells operate well for 1100 h. Besides, Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells with modified SEI exhibit a capacity retention that is 14 times than that of conventional SEI. Even at −60 °C, Li||Cu cells reach stable deposition efficiency of 83.2 % after 100 cycles.
IgG4‐related inflammatory pancreatic head pseudotumor mirrors pancreatic head tumor: A novel case series with a review of the literature
Authors: Khan Faheemullah , Shahid Jehanzeb , Saleem Amna , Khawaja Uzzam Ahmed , Memon Wasim Ahmed , Zafar Uffan , Hameed Tariq Abdul , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn this noteworthy case series regarding pancreatic pseudo tumors, we intend to spread knowledge among physicians for the diagnostic and therapeutic approach and eventual disease prognosis.AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor of pancreatic head greatly mimics pancreatic head tumor. One of them is IgG4‐related pancreatic disease, which is commonly mistaken as neoplastic disease on imaging. In our novel case series, we report three cases of IgG4‐related pancreatic head pseudotumor with patients ranging from 35 to 72 years of age. Patients presented with jaundice and abdominal pain. Alongside initial laboratory workup, abdominal CTs and serum IgG4 levels were also obtained. Imaging features in conjunction with IgG4 levels confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4‐related autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatic pseudotumors are notorious for being often reported as real tumors. Through our noteworthy case series, we intend to highlight the imaging features and laboratory markers that are crucial in such cases to avoid invasive procedures.