bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of laboratory test results and treatments between macrolide-resistant and macrolide-sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Leng Maodong , Dong Zhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the main pathogens resulting in pneumonia, and macrolides are regarded as first-line treatment antibiotics for M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). The development and widespread of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) has increased the difficulty of treating MPP. This study aimed to investigate the differences in laboratory test results and treatment results between MPP caused by MRMP and macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae (MSMP) in children. The patients were recruited from among the hospitalized children at the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. Pneumonia was diagnosed via chest CT. The laboratory test results investigated included white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYM), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer; treatment results, including antibiotics used, hospitalization days and bronchoscopyuse, were also obtained. MRMP-infected MPP patients demonstrated a greater rate of lung consolidation; a greater frequency of bronchoscope use and second-line antibiotic use; higher levels of CRP, LDH and D-dimer; and more hospitalization days than MPP patients caused by MSMP. There were no differences with regard to the WBC, NEUT, or LYM counts between MRMP patients and MSMP patients.
Conclusions: The worsening of MPP caused by MRMP could be more severe than that caused by MSMP because of poor laboratory and chest CT results, and MRMP infection increases the difficulty of treatment.
Tree-integration into flexible rockfall barriers: feasibility, implementation, and structural design
Authors: Kramer Maximilian , Suda Jürgen , Lanter Helene , Gröner Eberhard , Ringenbach Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Society has established different mitigation strategies to minimise rockfall impacts on civil infrastructure. Two main protection measures in transit areas aim to minimize the impact of natural mountain hazards: protection of forests as a natural solution and technical solutions, such as rockfall barriers. These measures have usually been implemented separately without the consideration of combined solutions. This study, guided by the approach of nature-based solutions, offers a strategy to implement trees into rockfall barriers permanently. It includes the tree-physiological potential impact forces, the technical design, and the structural dimensioning. The assessment force-absorption potential of trees is based on literature research and enhanced the technical design of pre-existing tree-integrated systems (TIS). The structural engineering dimensioning follows the European Guidelines for designing steel and timber structures. Field studies show stem breakage in sudden dynamic impacts like rockfalls, but barely any uprooting is observed. Therefore, the potential impact force was determined solely by the wooden body, which was dimensioned in accordance with European guidelines. The derived and elaborated TIS design demonstrates substantial savings in materials, with the designed system proving feasible and structurally sound for energies up to 500 kJ assuming tree diameters of 30 cm. If even trees with diameters larger than 20 cm are included in the TIS, rockfall energies up to 1000 kJ can be intercepted.
Device-assessed physical activity and sleep quality of post-COVID patients undergoing a rehabilitation program
Authors: Poppele Iris , Ottiger Marcel , Stegbauer Michael , Schlesinger Torsten , Müller Katrin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: An infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to persistent symptoms more than three months after the acute infection and has also an impact on patients’ physical activity behaviour and sleep quality. There is evidence, that inpatient post-COVID rehabilitation can improve physical capacity and mental health impairments, but less is known about the change in physical behaviour and sleep quality.
Methods: This longitudinal observational study used accelerometery to assess the level of physical activity and sleep quality before and after an inpatient rehabilitation program. The study sample consists of 100 post-COVID patients who acquired COVID-19 in the workplace. Group differences related to sex, age, COVID-19 severity, and pre-existing diseases were also analysed.
Results: Level of physical activity and sleep quality didn’t increase after rehabilitation. Overall, there is a high extent of inactivity time and poor sleep quality at both measurement points. Regarding group differences, male patients showed a significantly higher inactivity time before rehabilitation, and younger patients (<55 years) spend significant more time in vigorous physical activity than older patients. Post-COVID patients with pre-existing cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disease show slightly less physical activity than post-COVID patients without these comorbidities. Female patients and younger patients showed better sleep quality in some sleep parameters at both measurement points. However, no differences could be detected related to COVID-19 severity.
Conclusions: Ongoing strategies should be implemented to address the high amount of inactivity time and the poor sleep quality in post-COVID patients.
Ranking Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers: A Nagel Point Approach and Applications in Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Authors: Prakash Arun , Suresh M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ordinary fuzzy sets, first introduced by Zadeh in 1965, have been expanded into several varieties, including type 2 fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, hesitant fuzzy, and others, to assist us model uncertainty. For every element in an intuitionistic fuzzy set, there are membership and non-membership functions. Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers plays a vital role in many applications. In this paper, a new ranking approach of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers were done based on nagel points. The proposed new ranking was validated by certain results and numerical examples. In last section, we put the suggested ranking principle into practice for the installation of an aeronautical research organization center through a case study.
Rbpms2 promotes female fate upstream of the nutrient sensing Gator2 complex component, Mios
Authors: Marlow Florence , Wilson Miranda , Romano Shannon , Khatri Nitya , Aharon Devora , Liu Yulong , Kaufman Odelya , Draper Bruce 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Reproductive success relies on proper establishment and maintenance of biological sex. In many animals, including mammals, the primary gonad is initially ovary in character. We previously showed the RNA binding protein (RNAbp), Rbpms2, is required for ovary fate in zebrafish. Here, we identified Rbpms2 targets in oocytes (Rbpms2-bound oocyte RNAs; rboRNAs). We identify Rbpms2 as a translational regulator of rboRNAs, which include testis factors and ribosome biogenesis factors. Further, genetic analyses indicate that Rbpms2 promotes nucleolar amplification via the mTorc1 signaling pathway, specifically through the mTorc1-activating Gap activity towards Rags 2 (Gator2) component, Missing oocyte (Mios). Cumulatively, our findings indicate that early gonocytes are in a dual poised, bipotential state in which Rbpms2 acts as a binary fate-switch. Specifically, Rbpms2 represses testis factors and promotes oocyte factors to promote oocyte progression through an essential Gator2-mediated checkpoint, thereby integrating regulation of sexual differentiation factors and nutritional availability pathways in zebrafish oogenesis.
A study of the plasmonic properties of composite arrays based on graphene nanoribbons and perovskite nanowires
Authors: He Xinyu , Sun Cheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This work reports on the plasmonic properties of composite arrays consisting of graphene nanoribbons and perovskite nanowires, in the mid infrared region of 5 - 60 um. In the array, a set of graphene nanoribbons are placed on the perovskite nanowires, which are embedded in a glass substrate. Two scenarios are investigated in this work; one is that the graphene and the perovskite are matched, while the other is that the graphene and the perovskite are mismatched. The light transmittance of the arrays is numerically simulated, via the finite difference time domain method. Multiple plasmonic resonances are observed, and the corresponding electric field distributions are calculated. The results demonstrate that the plasmonic characteristics of the arrays can be adjusted by varying the parameters including the chemical potential and the layer number of graphene, as well as the refractive index of perovskite, etc. In addition, a Fano lineshape is revealed in one of the resonance peaks of the transmittance. It is well fitted to the Beutler-Fano formula, and the characteristic $q$ factor is determined. The results in this work may be useful in studies of similar plasmonic nanostructures that employ graphene and perovskite-based composite nanoarrays.
Nonlinear Orbital and Spin Edelstein Effect in Centrosymmetric Metals
Authors: Baek Insu , Han Seungyun , Cheon Suik , Lee Hyun-Woo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear spintronics combines nonlinear dynamics with spintronics, opening up new possibilities beyond linear responses. A recent theoretical work [Xiao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 166302 (2023)] predicts the nonlinear generation of spin density [nonlinear spin Edelstein effect (NSEE)] in centrosymmetric metals based on symmetry analysis combined with first principle calculation. However, its microscopic mechanism is limited to a specific set of materials with local inversion symmetry breaking and is not applicable to general materials. This paper focuses on the fundamental role of orbital degrees of freedom for the nonlinear generation in centrosymmetric systems. Using a combination of tight-binding model and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that nonlinear orbital density can arise independently of spin-orbit coupling. In contrast, spin density follows through spin-orbit coupling. We further elucidate the microscopic mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, which involves the NSEE induced by electric-field-induced orbital Rashba texture. In addition, we also explore the potential applications of the nonlinear orbital and spin Edelstein effect for field-free switching of magnetization.
An Historical Analysis of Byzantine Gold Coins Unearthed at Bakhtak Castle in Leilan
Authors: kazemnezhandasl hassan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The extensive damage inflicted by human factors on the western wall of Bakhtak Leilan Castle prompted the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism of Iran to initiate an excavation plan. This plan aimed to assess the extent of destruction and facilitate restoration efforts, incorporating the site into its list of priority programs. Excavations conducted at the site unveiled the wall along with two historical towers from the ancient Parthian era. Additionally, a diverse array of pottery spanning the Parthian and Sassanid periods was uncovered. Notably, the excavation program in Trench G5 yielded gold coins dating back to the Byzantine period, attributed to Constantine X. The discovery of these Byzantine coins raises intriguing questions about their presence at this site. It prompts inquiries into their historical context, possibly shedding light on significant events such as the Byzantine Empire's military campaigns and wars in the Azerbaijan region.
High CTLA-4 gene expression is an independent good prognosis factor in breast cancer patients, especially in the HER2-enriched subtype
Authors: Montoyo-Pujol Yoel Genaro , Ponce Jose , Delgado-García Silvia , Martín Tina A. , Ballester Hortensia , Castellón-Molla Elena , Ramos-Montoya Angela , Lozano-Cubo Inmaculada , Sempere-Ortells José Miguel , Peiró Gloria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This heterogeneous disease has been historically considered a non-immunogenic type of cancer. However, recent advances in immunotherapy have increased the interest in knowing the role of the immune checkpoints (IC) and other immune regulation pathways in this neoplasia.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we evaluated the correlation of mRNA expression of CTLA-4, PDCD1 (PD1), CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), CD276 (B7-H3), JAK2, and FoXO1 with clinicopathological factors and BC patient’s outcome by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
Results
Our results showed that immunoregulatory gene expression depends on BC immunophenotype being CTLA-4 and PDCD1 (PD1) overexpressed on triple-negative/basal-like (TN/BL) and luminal B/HER2-positive phenotypes, respectively, and CD276 (B7-H3), JAK2 and FoXO1 associated with both luminal A and luminal B/HER2-negative tumors. In addition, we found that these genes can also be related to aggressive and non-aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in BC. Finally, survival analysis showed that CTLA-4 expression levels emerge as a significant independent factor of good prognosis in BC patients, especially in the HER2-enriched subtype.
Conclusion
Considering all these data, we can conclude that the expression of immunoregulatory genes depends on tumor phenotype and has potential clinical implications in BC patients.
The Scoring Model to Predict ICU Stay and Mortality After Emergency Admissions in Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Study of 30,206 Patients
Authors: Hong Tao , Liu Xiaozhu , Deng Jiewen , Li Huan , Sun Mengyan , Pan Dikang , Zhao Yuanyuan , Cai Zongao , Zhao Jikai , Yu Liming , Wang Huishan , Li Zhili , Huang Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) imposes a significant burden on the emergency department (ED); the rapid assessment on the conditions and subsequent interventions are crucial for the prognosis of AF patients admitted to the ED. We aim to derive and validate a more accurate and simplified scoring model to optimize the triage of AF patients in the ED.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using data from the MIMIC-IV database and developed scoring models employing the Random Forest algorithm. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to measure the performance of the prediction for ICU stay, and the death likelihood within 3, 7, and 30 days following the ED admission.
Results
The study included 30,206 AF patients, in which 53.6% (16,184) are females. The median age is 75 years old (95% CI 65–83). All patients were randomly divided into training, validation, and testing cohorts at a ratio of 7:1:2. The training set consisted of 21,145 patients, the validation set included 3,020 patients, and the remaining 6,041 patients were classified as the validation set. Across the three cohorts, 9,444 patients (31%) necessitated ICU transfers, and mortality rates were 1% at 3 days, 2% at 7 days, and 6% at 30 days. In the testing set, the scoring models exhibited AUCs of 0.737 (95% CI 0.710–0.765) for ICU stay, 0.730 (95% CI 0.666–0.759) for death at 3 days, 0.748 (95% CI 0.710–0.786) for death at 7 days, and 0.740 (95% CI 0.713–0.768) for death at 30 days.
Conclusion
We derived and validated novel simplified scoring models with good discriminative performance to predict the likelihood of ICU stay, 3-day, 7-day, and 30-day death in AF patients after ED admission. This novel tool has a promising prospect to optimize the triage of the ED.
Ameliorative effect of Brassinosteroids and Biochar on Morpho-physiological Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Under Induced Drought Stress
Authors: Zada Jehan , Hazrat Ali , Ullah Sami , Nafees Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Plant growth and development are impeded by abiotic stresses that interfere with physiological processes. This study aimed to assess the distinct and combined effects of biochar and brassinosteroids (BRs) on Rio Grande and Amitabh-004 tomato plants under water deficit stress. Results showed that biochar has porous morphology with significant water absorption and retention capability as inveterate by SEM. EDX of biochar illustrated the existence of various essential elements including carbon (75.04%), oxygen (13.57%), nitrogen (5.66%), potassium (2.43%), and calcium (1.52%). Similarly, Co-application of biochar and BRs quenched the drought stress by triggering antioxidant-enzymes including POD, APX, CAT and SOD accompanied with photosynthetic pigments boosting and amplification of osmolytes including proline, sugar and proteins for the better survival of plants under stress. Furthermore, HPLC of Gallic acid was identified at the retention time of 2.307 with peak area 63.25 and Vitamin-C at 3.15 retention times with peak area of 34.27 in all treatments of both varieties supplemented with different stresses along with biochar and BRs. Furthermore, Drought-stress significantly affects the agronomic feature of tomato plants such as leaf area, fresh biomasses of leaf, root and shoot, root length. Physicochemical characteristics i.e., pH, soil moisture, and percent field capacity are also adversely affected by water deficit stress. The principal component of physiological attributes was found to have 20.51% followed by 17.93%, 14.70%, 11.68% and 10.69%. Conclusively, the study emphasizes the potential of biochar and BRs to alleviate drought stress and enhance physio-biochemical attributes, thereby promoting improved plant growth under water deficit conditions.
Role of LsrR in the regulation of biofilm formation in mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Xin , Ma Kai , Wang Hui , Xue Ting 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Mammary Pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is an important pathogen that can escape the attack of the host immune system through biofilm formation and proliferate in the mammary gland continuously, resulting in mastitis in cows and causing enormous economic losses. As an effector of AI-2 quorum sensing, LsrR extensively affects the expression levels of hundreds of genes related to multiple biological processes in model E. coli strain. However, the regulatory role of LsrR in MPEC and whether it is involved in pathogenesis has been seldom reported.
Results
In this study, the function of LsrR in strain MPEC5, obtained from a milk sample in dairy cows with mastitis, was investigated by performing high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) assays. The results revealed that LsrR down-regulated the transcript levels of fimAICDFGH (encoding Type 1 pili), which have been reported to be associated with biofilm formation process. Biofilm assays confirmed that deletion of lsrR resulted in a significant increase in biofilm formation in vitro. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) provided evidence that LsrR protein could directly bind to the promoter regions of fimAICDFGH in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions
These results indicate that LsrR protein inhibits the biofilm formation ability of MPEC5 by directly binding to the fimAICDFGH promoter region. This study presents a novel clue for further exploration of the prevention and treatment of MPEC.
Effects of short-time fasting and feeding frequencies within 24 hours on histology, cholecystokinin and trypsin enzyme activities of digestive organs in black bream, Megalobrama pellegrini (Tchang, 1930), juvenile
Authors: Li Wenyu , Tang Hongyu , Lin Xiaogang , Ma Feifan , Zhang Kaicheng , Zhang Wenqi , Li Qin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To study the regulation and feedback mechanism of cholecystokinin and trypsin in black bream, Megalobrama pellegrini (Tchang, 1930) 60 days after hatching under 15 days short-term fasting and different feeding frequencies within 24 hours during the same period, M. pellegrini (wet weight 183.75 ± 61.16 mg, total length 20.74 ± 4.08 mm) developed in a recirculating aquaculture system were selected as the subject. In the short-term fasting trial, the body weight, trypsin, and CCK of the feeding control group (FCG) were higher than those of the fasting test group (FTG). Trypsin and CCK in FTG reached the lowest value on the ninth day and the CCK content reached the highest value on the 11th day. A negative feedback regulation of CCK and trypsin had not been found in this trial. The degree of damage to intestinal chorionic epithelial cells was higher than that of hepatopancreas, and detachment of epithelial cells and the striatal border was the main damage. In the 24-hour daily rhythm experiment, juvenile fish were randomly assigned to (A) once feeding, (B) twice feeding, (C) three times feeding, (D) fasting. CCK showed a minimum value at 1:00+ in group A, while a peak occurred at night in group B\C\D and a maximum value in group C, and a single satiety stimulus can lead to increased hunger. The four treatment groups had an apparent closed-loop regulation while the control point of the fasting group (D) shifted forward to the next day. Different feeding frequencies in a single day had no direct effect on the long-term fluctuation of CCK and trypsin diurnal rhythm. Feeding three times a day was beneficial to the individual growth of juvenile M. pellegrini, a better growth results may be produced in the long term. This study aimed to provide a reference for the feeding strategy of juvenile M. pellegrini in the RAS.
Influence of astigmatic aberration on partially coherent Gaussian-Schell vortex beam focused by lensacon
Authors: Alkelly Abdu , Al-Nadary Hatim , Kaid Shukri , Ahsab Hassan Al- 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We investigated the propagation properties of a partially coherent GaussianSchell model vortex (PCGSMV) beam in an astigmatically aberrated lensacon optical sys-tem. By applying the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, we developed a cross-spectraldensity expression for PCGSMV beams passing through a lensacon with aberrant astigma-tism. Our numerical results demonstrated that astigmatic aberration significantl yinfluencesthe intensity distribution and depth of focus. Moreover, our study illustrates the impact ofthe spectral degree of coherence, propagation distance, axicon base angle, and astigmaticaberration coefficien to nth evorte xprofil e.O urresul tsreveal edtha t, atf ardistance s,awide-diameter dark spot size with oscillation was generated. These finding sar esignificantfor applications such as sensor technology, optical trapping, and micro-particle manipulation.