bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine
Staphylococcaceae
circulating in a Kenyan animal shelter
Authors: Akarsu Hatice , Liljander Anne M. , Lacasta Anna , Ssajjakambwe Paul , Brodard Isabelle , Cherbuin Jérémy D. R. , Torres-Puig Sergi , Perreten Vincent , Kuhnert Peter , Labroussaa Fabien , Jores Joerg 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Animal shelters, especially in resource-poor countries, bring together pets from different regions and with different backgrounds. The crowding of such animals often results in infectious diseases, such as respiratory infections. This study characterized
Staphylococcaceae
from diseased and apparently healthy dogs housed in an animal shelter in Kenya, to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, their genetic relatedness, and the presence of dominant clones. Therefore, bacteria were collected from all 167 dogs present in the shelter in June 2015 and screened for
Staphylococcaceae
using standard cultivation techniques. In all, 92 strains were isolated from 85 dogs and subsequently sequenced by PacBio long-read sequencing. Strains encompassed nine validated species, while
S. aureus
(
n
= 47),
S. pseudintermedius
(
n
= 21), and
Mammaliicoccus (M.) sciuri
(
n
= 16) were the three most dominant species. Two
S
.
aureus
clones of ST15 (CC15) and ST1292 (CC1) were isolated from 7 and 37 dogs, respectively. All 92 strains isolated were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations. In all, 86 strains had resistance-associated minimal inhibitory concentrations to at least one of the following antimicrobials: tetracycline, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, kanamycin/gentamicin, or streptomycin. Many virulence-encoding genes were detected in the
S. aureus
strains, other
Staphylococcaceae
contained a different set of homologs of such genes. The presence of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and prophages, known to facilitate the dissemination of virulence- and resistance-encoding genes, was also assessed. The unsuspected high presence of two
S
.
aureus
clones in about 50% of dogs suggests dissemination within the shelter and a human source.

IMPORTANCE

Microbiological data from sub-Saharan Africa are scarce compared to data from North America, Europe, or Asia, and data derived from dogs, the man’s best friend, kept in sub-Saharan Africa are largely missing. This work presents data on
Staphylococcaceae
mainly isolated from the nasal cavity of dogs stationed at a Kenyan shelter in 2015. We characterized 92 strains isolated from 85 dogs, diseased and apparently healthy ones. The strains isolated covered nine validated species and we determined their phenotypic resistance and characterized their complete genomes. Interestingly,
Staphylococcus aureus
of two predominant genetic lineages, likely to be acquired from humans, colonized many dogs. We also detected 15 novel sequence types of
Mammaliicoccus sciuri
and
S. pseudintermedius
indicating sub-Saharan-specific phylogenetic lineages. The data presented are baseline data that guide antimicrobial treatment for dogs in the region.
Effect of Risk Mitigation Guidance for opioid and stimulant dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during dual public health emergencies: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Slaunwhite Amanda , Min Jeong Eun , Palis Heather , Urbanoski Karen , Pauly Bernie , Barker Brittany , Crabtree Alexis , Bach Paxton , Krebs Emmanuel , Dale Laura , Meilleur Louise , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effect of opioid and stimulant Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during the dual public health emergencies of overdose and covid-19.

Design
Population based retrospective cohort study.

Setting
British Columbia, Canada.

Participants
5882 people with opioid or stimulant use disorder who received RMG prescriptions for opioids (n=5356) and/or stimulants (n=1061) (535 received both) from 27 March 2020 to 31 August 2021.

Main outcome measures
All cause and overdose specific mortality and acute care visits in the week after RMG opioid or stimulant dispensation. RMG recipients were matched 1:1 with controls through use of high dimensional propensity score matching. Marginal structural models, executed on weekly time steps, were used to measure the effect of dispensations on outcomes.

Results
RMG opioid dispensations of one day or more were associated with reduced all cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 0.60) and overdose related mortality (0.45, 0.27 to 0.75) in the subsequent week. Dispensations of RMG stimulants (≥1 days) were not significantly associated with reduced all cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50, 0.20 to 1.23) or overdose related mortality (0.53, 0.18 to 1.56). The protective effect of RMG opioid dispensations increased with the number of days the medications were dispensed in a given week. People who received four or more days of RMG opioid dispensations had reduced all cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.09, 0.04 to 0.21) and overdose related mortality (0.11, 0.04 to 0.32) compared with the control group. Opioid RMG dispensations did not significantly modify the odds of all cause or overdose related acute care visits. Dispensations of RMG stimulants were associated with a significant decrease in the odds of acute care visits for any cause but did not affect the odds of overdose related acute care visits.

Conclusions
RMG opioid dispensations were associated with reduced overdose related and all cause mortality among a sample of people with opioid use disorder. Pharmaceutical alternatives to the illegal drug supply are promising interventions to reduce mortality in people with opioid use disorder.
Early treatment effects on plantation growth and biodiversity in mature ponderosa pine forest
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Finley Kaelyn 
Published: January 2024

We address the concerns that managed forest plantations may cause reductions of diversity of understory vegetation. We performed inventories of two mature ponderosa pine plantations in which multiple treatments were applied during plantation establishment. At stand age 35, we measured tree heights and diameters, understory plant cover and diversity, soil nutrients and chemical properties, and soil microbial biomass and diversity with phospholipid fatty acid. We found a significant, positive effect from both herbicide (H) and fertilizer (F) applications on subsequent overstory tree growth and development ( P < 0.05); insecticide (I) effect was minimal. We observed negative effects on understory plant diversity decades later when herbicide was applied during stand establishment. However, lower plant diversity and ground cover appeared to have been caused primarily from overstory canopy closure, supported by the increased understory cover and diversity observed in the HI and HFI plots that had been thinned at age 12. Similarly, while fertilizer increased tree growth at both sites, it only negatively affected understory plants at the higher quality site. We did not find significant influence of treatment effects on soil nutrients and microbial communities. Therefore, to mitigate the potential loss of understory biodiversity in plantations, foresters can manage overstory trees with traditional pre-commercial thinning techniques and early tending.
The river model of gravitational collapse
Authors: Chakrabarti Soumya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe show that the transformation of a time-evolving spherically symmetric metric tensor into a Painlevé–Gullstrand–Lemaître form brings forth a few curious consequences. The time evolution describes a non-singular gravitational collapse, leading to a bounce and dispersal of all the clustered matter, or a wormhole geometry for certain initial conditions. The null convergence condition is violated only at the onset of bounce or the wormhole formation. As an example, the requirements to develop a Simpson–Visser wormhole/regular black-hole geometry is discussed. The solution can be regarded as a new time-evolving twin of sonic dumb holes found in analog gravity.
Improved parameter targeting in 3D-integrated superconducting circuits through a polymer spacer process
Authors: Norris Graham J. , Michaud Laurent , Pahl David , Kerschbaum Michael , Eichler Christopher , Besse Jean-Claude , Wallraff Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional device integration facilitates the construction of superconducting quantum information processors with more than several tens of qubits by distributing elements such as control wires, qubits, and resonators between multiple layers. The frequencies of resonators and qubits in flip-chip-bonded multi-chip modules depend on the details of their electromagnetic environment defined by the conductors and dielectrics in their vicinity. Accurate frequency targeting therefore requires precise control of the separation between chips and minimization of their relative tilt. Here, we describe a method to control the inter-chip separation by using polymer spacers. With the spacers, we measure a mean tilt of (76 ± 36) μrad, and a mean deviation of (0.4 ± 0.8) μm from the target inter-chip separation of 10 μm. We apply this process to coplanar waveguide resonator samples and observe chip-to-chip resonator frequency variations below 50 MHz ($\approx 1\%$
≈
1
%
). We measure internal quality factors of $5\times10^{5}$
5
×

10

5

at the single-photon level, suggesting that the added spacers are compatible with low-loss device fabrication.
A 9.73 GHz wide-band off-body patch antenna for biomedical applications
Authors: Goswami Niloy , Rahman Md. Abdur 
Published: January 2024

<span>The primary goal of this study is to design a simple antenna that has a wide bandwidth and low return loss for biomedical applications. The paper shows the recommended antenna’s three-stage modeling, with the goal of assessing every important parameter while a Teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer substrate is used. In order to better comprehend, a comparison with prior studies employing teflon and similar substrate materials is conducted for the proposed patch antenna. The analysis includes the phantom model, evaluating performance criteria such as specific absorption rate (SAR), return loss, bandwidth, and gain values relevant to biomedical applications. The antenna works at two different frequencies: 9.73 and 9.39 GHz, one in free space and another in a skin-cotton layer. The bandwidth of the antenna is 4.067 GHz in free space at the resonance frequency of 9.73 GHz, where the return loss is -62.18 dB. The performance of the proposed antenna in the field of biomedical applications, its underlying reasons, and its impacts are discussed in detail in this study.</span>
Homogenous and multilayer electromagnetics models for estimating skin reflectance
Authors: Yousef Owda Amani , Owda Majdi 
Published: January 2024

<span>Reflectance measurements of human skin are widely limited over the millimeter wave (MMW) band in literature. This is due to the cost and technical difficulties of the experimental setup. This paper proposes homogenous and multilayer skin models for estimating the reflectance of the forearm and palm of the hand skin over the MMW band 30-100 GHz. The simulation results demonstrate that the differences in reflectance between the homogenous and multilayer models of forearm skin are limited to 0.014, indicating that the thin stratum corneum (SC) layer in the multilayer skin models has a minimal impact on the interaction with MMW of the forearm skin. However, in the palm of hand skin, there is a substantial difference in reflectance calculations between the homogenous and the multilayer skin models in the range of 0.099 to 0.143. These differences are attributed to the presence of a thick SC layer in the palm of the hand. Thus, the simulation results suggested that two-layer should be used for the palm of hand skin as it better captures the reflectance characteristics of this region. The importance of having those models are in calculating the skin reflectance that can be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of skin conditions.</span>
Characteristics of Coronary Atherosclerosis Related to Plaque Burden Regression During Treatment With Alirocumab: The ARCHITECT Study
Authors: Pérez de Isla Leopoldo , Díaz-Díaz Jose L. , Romero Manuel J. , Muñiz-Grijalvo Ovidio , Mediavilla Juan D. , Argüeso Rosa , de Andrés Raimundo , Fuentes Francisco , Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero Juan F. , Rubio Patricia , Álvarez-Baños Pilar , Mañas Dolores , Suárez Gutierrez Lorena , Saltijeral Cerezo Adriana , Mata Pedro ,   for the SAFEHEART Investigators
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Intensive lipid-lowering therapy may induce coronary atherosclerosis regression. Nevertheless, the factors underlying the effect of lipid-lowering therapy on disease regression remain poorly characterized. Our aim was to determine which characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque are associated with a greater reduction in coronary plaque burden (PB) after treatment with alirocumab in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

METHODS:
The ARCHITECT study (Effect of Alirocumab on Atherosclerotic Plaque Volume, Architecture and Composition) is a phase IV, open-label, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial to assess the effect of the treatment with alirocumab for 78 weeks on the coronary atherosclerotic PB and its characteristics in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Participants underwent a coronary computed tomographic angiography at baseline and a final one at 78 weeks. Every patient received alirocumab 150 mg subcutaneously every 14 days in addition to high-intensity statin therapy.

RESULTS:

One hundred and four patients were enrolled. Median age was 53.3 (46.2–59.4) years and 54 were women (51.9%). The global coronary PB changed from 34.6% (32.5%–36.8%) at entry to 30.4% (27.4%–33.4%) at follow-up, which is −4.6% (−7.7% to −1.9%;
P
<0.001) reduction. A decrease in the percentage of unstable core (fibro-fatty+necrotic plaque; from 14.1 [7.9–22.3] to 8.0 [6.4–10.6]; −6.6%;
P
<0.001) was found. A greater PB (β, 0.36 [0.13–0.59];
P
=0.002) and a higher proportion of unstable core (β, 0.15 [0.08–0.22];
P
<0.001) were significantly related to PB regression.

CONCLUSIONS:
Treatment with alirocumab in addition to high-intensity statin therapy might produce a greater PB regression in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia with higher baseline PB and in those with larger unstable core. Further studies are needed to corroborate the hypothesis raised by these results.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05465278.
Body measurements in Icelandic horses used for two different purposes and the relationship to performance and usability
Authors: Söderroos D. , Stefánsdóttir G.J. , Gunnarsson V. , Rhodin M. , Ragnarsson S. , Jansson A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many horse breeds are used for a variety of tasks and studies have shown within breed variations in conformation depending on the task. The Icelandic horse is used for several tasks, e.g. leisure riding, competitions and tour riding. Research about conformation and relationship to subjectively assessed performance (usability) in Icelandic horses used by tourist companies and riding schools (TRh) are lacking. Back condition score has been shown to be associated with weight carrying capacity in the breed. However, the association between back condition score and angle and performance in Icelandic horses participating in a breed evaluation field test (BEFTh) and usability in TRh has not been investigated previously. The aim of the study was to compare body measurements in BEFTh and TRh and examine the relationship with riding ability in BEFTh and usability in TRh. Data of height at withers, back and croup, body condition score (BCS) and back angle were collected in 48 BEFTh (age 8 ± 2 years) and 65 TRh (age 14 ± 5 years). Transversal back angle at the 18th thoracic vertebra was determined using a flexible curve ruler. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the relationship between body measurements and owners’ assessment of usability in TRh. The relationship between back condition score and angle and riding ability was evaluated in BEFTh. Compared with TRh, BEFTh had a greater difference between height at withers and height at back and croup, lower BCS and greater back angle (). In TRh, height were positively correlated with usability (). Back condition score and angle were not associated with riding ability in BEFTh or usability in TRh (). In conclusion, body measurements differs between BEFTh and TRh and further studies are needed to investigate if the same conformation traits are associated with good performance in BEFTh and usability in TRh.
بين التحويل والتأصيل: نظريّة الترجمة عند طه عبد الرحمن
Authors: شمّا طارق 
Published: January 2024

المستخلص
‫يتناول البحث الجانب التحويليّ للترجمة عند الفيلسوف المغربيّ طه عبد الرحمن (1944–) ضمن مشروعه الذي يسعى لتجاوز المركزيّة الغربيّة التي طغت على نظريّات الترجمة الحديثة؛ إذ ينتقد عبد الرحمن أساليب الترجمة في العصر العبّاسيّ التي التزمت بإعادة إنتاج التراث اليونانيّ دون مراعاة سياق التلقّي، ممّا أبقى الفلسفة الإسلاميّة أسيرة التبعيّة والنقل، من اليونان قديمًا إلى الغرب حديثًا. ويقترح بديلًا عن ذلك ما يسمّيه الترجمة “التأصيليّة،” التي لا تتوانى عن تحويل المنقول لإدماجه في إطار الثقافة المتلقّية وفق حاجات المتلقّي وليس الأصل. ويرى عبد الرحمن في هذا النوع من الترجمة ضرورةً لتأسيس فلسفة عربيّة إسلاميّة لا تخضع لأطرٍ نظريّة خارجة عن سياقها الثقافيّ والتاريخيّ، حتّى لو تطلّب ذلك التخلّي عن معايير الدقّة والأمانة. يقدّم هذا البحث قراءة تحليليّة ونقديّة لهذه الأسس النظريّة وتطبيقاتها في رؤية عبد الرحمن، الإشكاليّة أحيانًا، للتراث الترجميّ العربيّ ونظريّات الترجمة المعاصرة. كما يتحرّى الإشكاليّات المنهجيّة والفكريّة التي قد يثيرها التخلّي عن معايير الأمانة في الترجمة، مهما بدت تقليديّةً ومقيِّدة.‬
A critical appraisal of the quality of data submitted by sub-Saharan African cancer registries to GLOBOCAN 2020
Authors: Ayubi Ereel , Lyus Rosanna , Brhlikova Petra , Pollock Allyson M. 
Published: January 2024

Objectives (a) To critically appraise the quality of data submitted by sub-Saharan African (SSA) cancer registries to GLOBOCAN 2020 and (b) compare the quality of data of the registries common to GLOBOCAN 2008 and 2020. Design Critical appraisal of cancer registry data quality using the Parkin and Bray framework. Setting and Participants GLOBOCAN 2020 cancer registry estimates for 46 countries in SSA. Forty-three registries in 31 (SSA) countries were identified from the GLOBCAN 2020 supplementary documents, of which data from 28 registries in 23 sub-Saharan African countries were publicly available. Main outcomes measures Data quality for 15 variables in four domains (comparability, validity, timeliness and completeness) were appraised using the Parkin and Bray framework. Results from the appraisal of GLOBOCAN 2020 sources were compared with previous findings for GLOBOCAN 2008. Results Compared with GLOBOCAN 2008, GLOBOCAN 2020 country coverage had increased from 21 to 31 countries with 15 countries having no established registries. Out of a total possible score of 15 for data quality, 18 of the 28 publicly available GLOBOCAN 2020 registries fulfilled a score of 5 or more compared with seven registries in GLOBOCAN 2008. Of the 17 registries common to GLOBOCAN 2008 and 2020, nine showed an improvement in data quality. Conclusion Country coverage and data quality have improved since GLOBOCAN 2008, however, overall data quality and coverage remain poor. GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates should be used with caution when allocating resources.
Impact of CFTR modulators on exercise capacity in adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ahmed Molla Imaduddin , Dayman Naomi , Blyth Natalie , Madge Joe , Gaillard Erol 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundExercise capacity is an independent predictor of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF). There is limited evidence of the impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators on exercise capacity in children with CF. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of CFTR modulators on exercise capacity in a cohort of adolescents with CF.MethodsA prospective single-centre cohort study was carried out. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed at baseline, prior to starting Symkevi or Kaftrio and between 4 and 8 months after starting treatment.Results19 adolescents with CF had CPET performed prior to and after CFTR modulator treatment, between December 2019 and March 2022. Breathing reserve improved in the whole cohort, with greater improvement in the modulator-naïve patients after starting treatment with Kaftrio. There was no improvement in peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold after 4 to 8 months of treatment with CFTR modulators.ConclusionExercise testing with CPET can be used as an additional tool to monitor response to CFTR modulators. Breathing reserve on CPET may provide a surrogate marker to monitor the improvement in CF lung disease with CFTR modulator treatment.
Involvement of the ipsilateral-to-the-pain anterior–superior hypothalamic subunit in chronic cluster headache
Authors: Ferraro Stefania , Nigri Anna , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Medina Carrion Jean Paul , Fedeli Davide , Demichelis Greta , Chiapparini Luisa , Ciullo Giuseppe , Gonzalez Ariosky Areces , Proietti Cecchini Alberto , Giani Luca , Becker Benjamin , Leone Massimo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite hypothalamus has long being considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of cluster headache, the inconsistencies of previous neuroimaging studies and a limited understanding of the hypothalamic areas involved, impede a comprehensive interpretation of its involvement in this condition.

Methods
We used an automated algorithm to extract hypothalamic subunit volumes from 105 cluster headache patients (57 chronic and 48 episodic) and 59 healthy individuals; after correcting the measures for the respective intracranial volumes, we performed the relevant comparisons employing logist regression models.
Only for subunits that emerged as abnormal, we calculated their correlation with the years of illness and the number of headache attacks per day, and the effects of lithium treatment. As a post-hoc approach, using the 7 T resting-state fMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project, we investigated whether the observed abnormal subunit, comprising the paraventricular nucleus and preoptic area, shows robust functional connectivity with the mesocorticolimbic system, which is known to be modulated by oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and that is is abnormal in chronic cluster headache patients.

Results
Patients with chronic (but not episodic) cluster headache, compared to control participants, present an increased volume of the anterior–superior hypothalamic subunit ipsilateral to the pain, which, remarkably, also correlates significantly with the number of daily attacks. The post-hoc approach showed that this hypothalamic area presents robust functional connectivity with the mesocorticolimbic system under physiological conditions. No evidence of the effects of lithium treatment on this abnormal subunit was found.

Conclusions
We identified the ipsilateral-to-the-pain antero-superior subunit, where the paraventricular nucleus and preoptic area are located, as the key hypothalamic region of the pathophysiology of chronic cluster headache. The significant correlation between the volume of this area and the number of daily attacks crucially reinforces this interpretation. The well-known roles of the paraventricular nucleus in coordinating autonomic and neuroendocrine flow in stress adaptation and modulation of trigeminovascular mechanisms offer important insights into the understanding of the pathophysiology of cluster headache.