bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced efficacy of conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus (G207) combined with 5‐fluorouracil and surgical resection in peritoneal cancer dissemination models
Authors: Nakano Kenji , Todo Tomoki , Zhao Gang , Yamaguchi Koji , Kuroki Syoji , Cohen Justus B. , Glorioso Joseph C. , Tanaka Masao 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic efficacy of G207, a replication‐competent herpes simplex virus, for malignancies is increased when combined with certain chemotherapies, but the mechanism is unclear and the interaction between G207 and surgical resection has not been extensively studied. The goals of the current study were to examine the performance of combination treatments for peritoneal disseminated cancers and to explore the mechanism of effective combinations.MethodsHamsters and SCID and BALB/c mice harboring peritoneal dissemination of gallbladder, gastric or colon cancer cells were treated with G207, 5‐fluorouracil (5FU), or surgical resection alone, or G207 combined with 5FU or surgery. Animal survival, antiviral immunity, intratumoral ribonucleotide reductase activity, and viral spread were compared between the groups.ResultsThe combination of G207 and 5FU prolonged the survival of hamsters bearing peritoneal dissemination of gallbladder cancer compared with the controls, G207 alone and 5FU alone. 5FU did not suppress the production of neutralizing antibodies against G207, but increased ribonucleotide reductase activity and viral spread in subcutaneous gallbladder tumors. The enhanced efficacy of the combination treatment was also observed in immunodeficient mice with disseminated gastric cancer. Although surgical resection did not significantly prolong animal survival or increase the intratumoral activity of ribonucleotide reductase, long‐term survivors emerged from groups of animals treated with surgical resection and G207 for gallbladder and colon disseminated cancers.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the increased activity of ribonucleotide reductase in tumors mediated by 5FU and the decreased tumor burden resulting from surgical resection may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic herpes virus for peritoneal disseminated cancer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of polymorphisms in the cyclin D1 and XPD genes and susceptibility to cancers of the upper aero‐digestive tract
Authors: Buch Shama , Zhu Bing , Gaither Davis Autumn , Odom Dominic , Siegfried Jill M. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Romkes Marjorie 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDNA repair enzyme genetic polymorphisms have been postulated to increase the risk of certain cancers in the presence of tobacco carcinogen exposures. The XPD protein is an important component of the TFIIH transcription factor complex. XPD genetic polymorphisms resulting in amino acids substitutions may lead to alterations in TFIIH helicase activity, resulting in repair and transcription defects. Cyclin D1 is a key regulatory protein for the transition of cells from the G1‐S cell cycle phase. The CCND1 G870A polymorphism has been reported to enhance alternate splicing of a stable mRNA variant, which may result in the bypass of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint. In this study, XPD G23591A (Asp312Asn) and A35931C (Lys751Gln) polymorphisms and the CCND1 G870A splice variant frequencies were determined in 273 upper aero‐digestive tract cancer cases and 269 controls. The XPD Asp312Asn variant frequency was significantly different among cases and controls and conferred an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% CI 1.0–1.8). However, individuals with the CCND1 G870A and XPD Lys751Gln variants had higher age adjusted ORs of 3.2 (95% CI 2.2–4.6) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.5–3.2), respectively. Furthermore, a significant gene–gene interaction was observed among cases with at least two variant alleles for both CCND1 and XPD genes [OR 7.09 (95% CI 4.03–12.5)]. Smokers with a combination of at least one variant allele of both CCND1 and XPD genes also had an elevated risk as compared to nonsmokers. This is the first study to suggest an associative interaction between XPD and CCND1 genetic polymorphisms, tobacco exposure, and cancer risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of the human hedgehog‐interacting protein (Hip) in the normal and diseased pancreas
Authors: Kayed Hany , Kleeff Jörg , Esposito Irene , Giese Thomas , Keleg Shereen , Giese Nathalia , Büchler Markus W. , Friess Helmut 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Previously, it has been shown that Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and its two signaling receptors patched (Ptc) and smoothened (Smo) are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and PDAC. In the current study we analyzed the expression, distribution, and function of another component of this signaling pathway, the human hedgehog‐interacting protein (Hip), in the normal pancreas, CP and PDAC utilizing real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Hip siRNA transfection, cell growth assays, and cell cycle analysis. By QRT‐PCR, Hip mRNA levels were fifteenfold and fourteenfold increased in CP (n = 22) and PDAC (n = 31) tissues, respectively, compared to normal pancreatic tissues (n=20) and correlated with glioma associated antigen (Gli1) but not Ptc or Protein kinase A (PKA) mRNA levels. Only SU‐8686 and BxPC‐3 pancreatic cancer cells expressed Hip mRNA, whereas expression was below the level of detection in the other six pancreatic cancer cell lines tested. As shown by immunohistochemistry, Hip was expressed in normal pancreatic tissues mainly in the cytoplasm of islet cells and in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. In contrast, in CP and PDAC there was a different distribution and staining intensity within the islets. Moreover, Hip immunoreactivity was observed in the tubular complexes, PanIN 1–3 lesions, as well as in pancreatic cancer cells. Incubation of pancreatic cancer cell lines with recombinant Hip revealed a growth inhibitory effect in SU‐8686 and Capan‐1 pancreatic cancer cells and no effect on cell growth in the other tested cell lines. In addition, silencing of Hip expression using specific siRNA molecules increased the growth of SU‐8686 cells. In conclusion, Hip is expressed in the normal pancreas, CP and PDAC tissues. The different pattern of Hip expression and abnormal localization in the diseased pancreas suggest that the enhanced activation of hedgehog signaling in CP and PDAC is—at least in part—due to the aberrant responsiveness and expression of Hip in these diseases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual cationic copolymerization behavior of a six‐membered ring spiro‐orthocarbonate bearing adamantane backbones with a monofunctional epoxide
Authors: Hino Tetsuo , Ito Yoshinori , Endo Takeshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCopolymerizations of a six‐membered ring spiro‐orthocarbonate bearing adamantane backbones (AD‐SOC, 1) and a monofunctional epoxide, PGE, in the presence of cationic initiators such as Sc(OTf)3 were carried out under various reaction conditions. As a result, instead of the anticipated poly(ether‐ether‐carbonate) 11, two types of copolyethers (12 and 18) consisting of two or three types of ether components having different substituent groups were unusually formed along with the evolution of carbon dioxide gas, in which AD‐SOC efficiently acted as the corresponding oxetane equivalent monomers 3 and 4. Furthermore, the copolymerization behavior, including the formation of copolyethers 12 and 18, unexpectedly and significantly depended on the reaction conditions, such as the concentration of the initiator. For example, the copolymerizations with 5 mol % of Sc(OTf)3 mainly afforded copolyether 18, while those with 1 mol % mainly gave copolyether 12. In addition, treatments with 5 mol % of Sc(OTf)3 also yielded CH2Cl2, THF, and DMF‐insoluble networked products, indicating relatively higher thermal stability compared with a common polyether. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1729–1740, 2005
Synthesis of three‐armed poly(trans‐4‐hydroxy‐N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐proline)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers
Authors: Lee Ren‐Shen , Yang Jen‐Ming 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA series of novel types of three‐armed poly(trans‐4‐hydroxy‐N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐proline)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PHpr‐b‐PCL) copolymers were successfully synthesized via melt block copolymerization of trans‐4‐hydroxy‐N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐proline (N‐CBz‐Hpr) and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) with a trifunctional initiator trimethylolpropane (TMP) and stannous octoate (SnOct2) as a catalyst. For the homopolycondensation of N‐CBz‐Hpr with TMP initiator and SnOct2 catalyst, the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of prepolymer increases from 530 to 3540 g mol−1 with the molar ratio of monomer to initiator (3–30), and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is between 1.25 to 1.32. These three‐armed prepolymer PHpr were subsequently block copolymerized with ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) in the presence of SnOct2 as a catalyst. The Mn of the copolymer increased from 2240 to 18,840 g mol−1 with the molar ratio (0–60) of ε‐CL to PHpr. These products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1H NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. According to DSC, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the three‐armed polymers depended on the molar ratio of monomer/initiator that were added. In vitro degradation of these copolymers was evaluated from weight‐loss measurements and the change of Mn and Mw/Mn. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1708–1717, 2005
Reversible gel formation of triblock copolymers studied by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Guo Lei , Luijten Erik 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations have been employed to study the formation of a physical (thermoreversible) gel by amphiphilic A‐B‐A triblock copolymers in aqueous solution. To mimic the structure of the hydrogel‐forming polypeptides employed in experiments [W.A. Petkaet al., Science281, 389 (1998)], the end blocks of the polymer chains are modeled as hydrophobic rods representing the α‐helical part of the polypeptides, whereas the central B block is hydrophilic and semiflexible. We have determined structural properties, such as the hydrophobic cluster‐size distribution function, the geometric percolation point, and pair correlation functions, and related them to the dynamic properties of the system. Upon a decrease in the temperature, a network structure is formed in which bundles of end blocks act as network junctions. Both at short and medium distances, increased ordering is observed, as characterized by the pair correlation function. Micelle formation and the corresponding onset of geometric percolation induce a strong change in dynamic quantities (e.g., in the diffusion constant and the viscosity) and cause the system to deviate from the Stokes–Einstein relation. The dynamic properties show a temperature dependence that is strongly reminiscent of the behavior of glass‐forming liquids. The appearance of a plateau in the stress autocorrelation function suggests that the system starts to exhibit a solid‐like response to applied stress once the network structure has been formed, although the actual sol–gel transition occurs only at a considerably lower temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 959‐969, 2005
High‐current AlInN/GaN field effect transistors
Authors: Dadgar A. , Neuburger M. , Schulze F. , Bläsing J. , Krtschil A. , Daumiller I. , Kunze M. , Günther K.‐M. , Witte H. , Diez A. , Kohn E. , Krost A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe present a study on AlInN/GaN field effect transistors (FETs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor phase epitaxy. AlInN can be grown lattice‐matched to GaN with an In concentration of 18%. In this study samples with In concentrations ranging from 9.5 to 24%, covering a range from tensely to compressively strained AlInN layers, were grown on GaN layers on Si(111). From Hall effect and capacitance‐voltage measurements we find high sheet carrier densities for most of the samples indicating a high electron density at the AlInN/GaN heterointerface. This is also reflected in the behavior of processed FETs. Nearly lattice‐matched structures show sheet carrier densities of 3.2 × 1013 cm–2 and mobilities up to ∼406 cm2/Vs. Such Al0.84In0.16N FETs have maximum DC currents of 1.33 A/mm for devices with 1 µm gate length and 100 µm gate width and an output power of 2.5 W/mm at 2 GHz. The best devices with In concentrations of 19% show maximum output powers of 4.1 W/mm at 2 GHz. In contrast to that a compressively strained AlInN layer with an In concentration of 24% leads to a decreased polarization charge at the heterointerface and a low DC current of ∼70 mA/mm. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Local coexistence of tree species and the dynamics of global distribution pattern along an environmental gradient: a simulation study
Authors: Takenaka Akio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA spatially explicit tree‐based model was used to demonstrate the effects of a mechanism promoting multiple‐species coexistence on the development of vegetation zonation and its response to climate change. Temporal fluctuation in reproduction was incorporated as the mechanism, which facilitates the persistence of less competitive species. Four hypothetical tree species with different temperature dependencies of seed production were randomly located over a landscape represented by 2,000×40 cells. Each cell can sustain a single tree at most. A zonal distribution pattern emerged corresponding to the temperature gradient along the long axis of the landscape. When there was a temporal variation in seed production, species became distributed over a wider range than that when seed production was constant. When the whole landscape was warmed, the distribution range of each species shifted towards the cool end of the landscape. However, the migration was retarded due to competition for vacant spaces with the remnant species which had dominated the location before the warming. Temporal fluctuation in reproduction facilitated the migration because it enhanced the persistence of minority species and, thus, the invasion and establishment of new species in the area dominated by other species.
Adolescent gender differences in mattering and wellness
Authors: Rayle Andrea Dixon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMattering to others has been associated with psychosocial well‐being and overall wellness. The relationship of perceived interpersonal and general mattering to overall wellness was studied with a sample of 462 high school students (229 males and 233 females). The two measures of perceived mattering (the Mattering to Others Questionnaire and the General Mattering Scale) were significantly but modestly interrelated (r=.29). Both scales were significantly correlated with overall scores on the Wellness Evaluation of Life Style—Teenage form. Females perceived they matter to their families, and in general, more than do males, and mattering significantly predicted wellness for females.
Market priorities, manufacturing configuration, and business performance: an empirical analysis of the order‐winners framework
Authors: da Silveira Giovani J.C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study carries out an empirical test of the order‐winners framework in manufacturing organizations. Hill [Hill, T., 1985. Manufacturing Strategy: The Strategic Management of the Manufacturing Function, first ed. Macmillan, Basingstoke; Hill, T., 2000. Manufacturing Strategy: Text and Cases, second ed. Palgrave, Basingstoke] proposed the order‐winners framework to help managers to improve understanding about markets and to develop a consistent manufacturing strategy. The framework defines ideal profiles of products and markets, and manufacturing and investment decisions that relate to alternative process choices. The study tests the hypothesis of a negative relationship between misfit to an ideal profile defined in the framework and business performance in domestic market share, return on sales, and return on investment in a survey of 183 manufacturers from 17 countries. Results found a significant negative relationship between misfit and domestic market share. The study contributes to operations management research by developing a methodology to measure fit as profile deviation in the context of manufacturing, and applying this methodology to the order‐winners framework.
Continuous Recombinant Bacterial Fermentations Utilizing Selective Flocculation and Recycle
Authors: Henry Kimberly L. , Davis Robert H. , Taylor Austin L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSelective recycle has successfully been used to maintain an unstable plasmid‐bearing bacterial strain as dominant in a continuous reactor, whereas the culture reverts to 100% segregant cells when selective recycle is not used. The plasmid‐bearing strain is slower growing and flocculent; however, when the cells lose their plasmid, the resulting segregant cells are nonflocculent and grow at a faster rate due to their decreased metabolic burden. Both types of cells exit a chemostat and enter an inclined settler where the flocculent plasmid‐bearing cells are separated from the nonflocculent segregant cells by differential sedimentation. The underflow from the cell separator, which is enriched with plasmid‐bearing cells, is recycled back to the chemostat, while the segregant cells are withdrawn off the top of the setter and discarded. The experimental results agree well with selective recycle reactor theory. On the basis of the theory, a criterion is presented that has been shown to successfully predict whether or not a selective recycle reactor can maintain a plasmid‐bearing strain.
Experimental Collision Efficiencies of Polymer‐Flocculated Animal Cells
Authors: Auninst John G. , Wang D. I. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe determination of particle collision kinetics is useful to decouple the effects of process parameters on individual events in flocculation. This paper discusses the effects of flocculation conditions on the collision efficiency of ATCC strain CRL 1606 hybridomas flocculated with poly‐L‐histidine. Experimental determinations of the collision efficiency of cells in Couette flow are presented over a range of experimental conditions. The collision efficiency correlates with the cell ζ potential to the ‐2.4 power at high surface coverage, consistent with literature results in latex systems. At low coverage, accounting for the distribution of polymer on the cells corrects for deviation from the high‐coverage behavior. Collision is dependent on the hydrodynamic environment as well. At high surface coverage, collision efficiency is weakly dependent on hydrodynamic conditions and follows a dependency on the shear rate and viscosity to the ‐0.32 power. This is consistent with ionic coagulation theory. At low surface coverage, the collision efficiency is strongly dependent on the viscous fluid forces. The results versus both dose and shear rate over the entire range of surface coverages are consistent with weak intercell bonding. Collision kinetics in the presence of high molecular weight dextrans show steric hindrance to cell collision.
Genetic Engineering Approach to Toxic Waste Management: Case Study for Organophosphate Waste Treatment
Authors: Coppella Steven J. , Delacruz Neslihan , Payne Gregory F. , Pogell Burton M. , Speedie Marilyn K. , Karns Jeffrey S. , Sybert Edward M. , Connor Michael A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCurrently, there has been limited use of genetic engineering for waste treatment. In this work, we are developing a procedure for the in situ treatment of toxic organophosphate wastes using the enzyme parathion hydrolase. Since this strategy is based on the use of an enzyme and not viable microorganisms, recombinant DNA technology could be used without the problems associated with releasing genetically altered microorganisms into the environment. The gene coding for parathion hydrolase was cloned into a Streptomyces lividans, and this transformed bacterium was observed to express and excrete this enzyme. Subsequently, fermentation conditions were developed to enhance enzyme production, and this fermentation was scaled‐up to the pilot scale. The cell‐free culture fluid (i.e., a nonpurified enzyme solution) was observed to be capable of effectively hydrolyzing organophosphate compounds under laboratory and simulated in situ conditions.
Effect of Preinduction Specific Growth Rate on Recombinant Alpha Consensus Interferon Synthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Curless C. , Pope J. , Tsai L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effect of preinduction specific growth rate on the yield of recombinant alpha consensus interferon in Escherichia coli K‐12 was investigated. The cells used in the investigation contain a temperature‐sensitive, walkaway plasmid bearing an insert that codes for alpha consensus interferon. Transcription of the recombinant gene is controlled by a lambda repressor/pL promoter system. The lambda promoter is regulated by the temperature‐sensitive gene cl857 at 30 °C, but at 42 °C the promoter is derepressed. The cells were grown under glucose‐limited conditions in a chemostat at pH 7 and 30 °C. Once steady state was achieved, the vessel temperature was raised to 42 °C and a fed‐batch mode was initiated. Six dilution rates ranging from 0.025/h to 0.2/h were investigated. Cell dry weight, alpha consensus interferon content, glucose concentration, acetate concentration, and plasmid stability were measured. At each dilution rate, the expression level of alpha consensus interferon (g/g of cell dry wt) reached its maximum value approximately 3 h after induction. In addition, the expression level of alpha consensus interferon increases 4‐fold as the dilution rate prior to induction is increased from 0.025/h to 0.2/h. Consequently, the expression of recombinant protein produced by E. coli is dependent on the preinduction specific growth rate.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Cells in a Flat Sheet Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Hagedorn J. , Kargi F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate hybridoma growth and monoclonal antibody formation in a flat sheet membrane bioreactor. The effects of several different molecular weight cutoff membranes on growth and antibody formation were investigated. Nutrient and toxic product diffusion through the membranes were quantified, and the kinetic and physical constants of the system were determined.
Biological Production of Acrylic Acid from Cheese Whey by Resting Cells of Clostridium propionicum
Authors: O'Brien Dennis J. , Panzer Curtis C. , Eisele William P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBiological production of acrylic acid from cheese whey has been demonstrated. Lactose in sweet whey fortified with yeast extract was first converted to a stoichiometric mixture of propionic and acetic acids in 70 h by a coculture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Pro‐pionibacterium shermanii. Further conversion of propionate to acrylate was accomplished by resting cells of Clostridium propionicum in systems in which methylene blue acted as an electron acceptor. A maximum acrylate yield of 0.133 mmol/g of wet cell was achieved for periods of 6 h, after which resting cell activity declined substantially. Bio‐conversion of propionate to acrylate could also be carried out by cells immobilized in calcium alginate beads with no decrease in cell productivity or initial reaction rate.