bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Hospitalization Rates and In-Hospital Mortality Rates of HIV–Related Opportunistic Infections in the United States, 2011–2018
Authors: Bielick Catherine , Strumpf Andrew , Ghosal Soutik , McMurry Tim , McManus Kathleen A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related opportunistic infections (OIs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). US hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates associated with OIs have not been published using data from the past decade.

Methods
We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample for the years 2011 through 2018. We used sociodemographic, financial, and hospital-level variables and identified hospitalizations for PWH and OI diagnoses. Using survey-weighted methods, we estimated all OI-related US hospitalization rates and in-hospital mortality per 100 000 PWH and modeled associated factors using survey-based multivariable logistic regression techniques.

Results
From 2011 to 2018, there were an estimated 1 710 164 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 659 566–1 760 762) hospital discharges for PWH with 154 430 (95% CI, 148 669–159 717 [9.2%]) associated with an OI, of which 9336 (95% CI, 8813–9857; 6.0%) resulted in in-hospital mortality. Variables associated with higher odds of OI-related hospitalizations (compared to without an OI) included younger age, male sex, non-White race/ethnicity, and being uninsured (all likelihood ratio [LR] P &lt; .001). Higher OI-related mortality was associated with older age (LR P &lt; .001), male sex (LR P = .001), Hispanic race/ethnicity (LR P &lt; .001), and being uninsured (LR P = .009). The OI-related hospitalization rate fell from 2725.3 (95% CI, 2266.9–3183.7) per 100 000 PWH in 2011 to 1647.3 (95% CI, 1492.5–1802.1) in 2018 (P &lt; .001), but the proportion of hospitalizations with mortality was stable (5.9% in 2011 and 2018).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate an ongoing need for continued funding of HIV testing, health insurance for all PWH, OI screening initiatives, review of current prophylaxis guidelines, and recruitment of more HIV clinicians.
ARAapp: filling gaps in the ecological knowledge of spiders using an automated and dynamic approach to analyze systematically collected community data
Authors: Bach Alexander , Raub Florian , Höfer Hubert , Ottermanns Richard , Roß-Nickoll Martina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The ARAMOB data repository compiles meticulously curated spider community datasets from systematical collections, ensuring a high standard of data quality. These datasets are enriched with crucial methodological data that enable the datasets to be aligned in time and space, facilitating data synthesis across studies, respectively, collections. To streamline the analysis of these datasets in a species-specific context, a suite of tailored ecological analysis tools named ARAapp has been developed. By harnessing the capabilities of ARAapp, users can systematically evaluate the spider species data housed within the ARAMOB repository, elucidating intricate relationships with a range of parameters such as vertical stratification, habitat occurrence, ecological niche parameters (moisture and shading) and phenological patterns.
Database URL: ARAapp is available at www.aramob.de/en
The challenging approach of a young patient with a primary intimal sarcoma of the heart: a case report
Authors: Martinho Mariana , Machado Bárbara , Cruz Inês , Fernandes Isabel , Pereira Hélder 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary intimal sarcomas of the heart are extremely rare and have a dismal prognosis. Their management represents a complex clinical challenge since complete surgical resection is the only reliable possibility of cure but is only possible in 50% of patients. In non-resectable disease, anthracycline-based therapy is the most effective treatment, but pazopanib may be used in patients unfit to receive anthracyclines.

Case summary
A 38-year-old man presented with acute right heart failure symptoms due to a primary intimal sarcoma of the heart. A definite diagnosis was made after cardiac surgery. Multi-modality cardiac imaging showed early recurrence of disease with mitral valve and pulmonary veins’ invasion, and the patient was deemed inoperable. Due to chronic kidney disease and previous heart failure symptoms, he was started on first-line pazopanib palliative treatment. After 11 months of chemotherapy, there was good clinical tolerance and no evidence of disease progression, which occurred after 13 months.

Discussion
This case highlights the value of a multi-modality imaging approach for cardiac masses. Most importantly, it reports the successful treatment of a young patient with a primary intimal sarcoma of the heart who was started on palliative pazopanib, with a significantly higher progression-free survival than is reported in the literature. This finding may support pazopanib as a good alternative as first-line treatment when there is contraindication for anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Long-term aspirin adherence following myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular events
Authors: Kristensen Anna Meta Dyrvig , Pareek Manan , Kragholm Kristian Hay , McEvoy John William , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Prescott Eva Bossano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Aspirin is considered mandatory after myocardial infarction (MI). However, its long-term efficacy has been questioned. This study investigated the effectiveness of long-term aspirin after MI.

Methods and results
Patients ≥40 years with MI from 2004 to 2017 who were adherent to aspirin 1 year after MI were included from Danish nationwide registries. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 years after MI, continued adherence to aspirin was evaluated. Absolute and relative risks of MI, stroke, or death at 2 years from each time point were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis with average treatment effect modelling standardized for age, sex, and comorbidities. Subgroup analyses were stratified by sex and age &gt; and ≤65 years. Among 40 116 individuals included, the risk of the composite endpoint was significantly higher for non-adherent patients at all time points. The absolute risk was highest at 2–4 years after MI for both adherent [8.34%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.05–8.64%] and non-adherent patients (10.72%, 95% CI: 9.78–11.66%). The relative risk associated with non-adherence decreased from 4 years after index-MI and onwards: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.27–1.55) at 4–6 years and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06–1.36) at 8–10 years (Ptrend = 0.056). Aspirin non-adherence in women and individuals &gt;65 years was not associated with increased risk. Pinteraction at each of the time points: Age – &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001, 0.002, 0.51; Sex − 0.25, 0.02, 0.02, 0.82.

Conclusion
Non-adherence to long-term aspirin was associated with increased risk of MI, stroke, or death, but not in women or individuals &gt;65 years. The risk decreased from 4 years after MI with near statistical significance.
Screening for sarcopenia with SARC-F in older patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Noda Takumi , Kamiya Kentaro , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Yamashita Masashi , Miki Takashi , Nozaki Kohei , Uchida Shota , Ueno Kensuke , Maekawa Emi , Terada Tasuku , Reed Jennifer L , Yamaoka-Tojo Minako , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Ako Junya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
SARC-F ≥ 4 points are used for detecting sarcopenia; however, finding a lower SARC-F cut-off value may lead to early detection of sarcopenia. We investigated the SARC-F score with the highest sensitivity and specificity values to identify sarcopenia in older patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Motor performances were also examined for each SARC-F score.

Methods and results
This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the sensitivity and specificity of every 1-point increase in the SARC-F score to predict sarcopenia. Eligible participants included patients with CVD (≥65 years old) who were admitted for acute CVD treatment and participated in cardiac rehabilitation. Patients completed the SARC-F questionnaire and the sarcopenia assessment. Area under the curves (AUCs) were investigated for the ability to predict sarcopenia. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare the mean value of physical functions (e.g. walking speed, leg strength, and 6 min walking distance) of each SARC-F score. A total of 1066 participants (63.8% male; median age: 76 years) were included. Sarcopenia was present in 401 patients. A SARC-F cut-off ≥2 presented the optimal balance between sensitivity (68.3%) and specificity (55.6%) to detect sarcopenia (AUCs = 0.658; 95% confidence interval: 0.625–0.691). When the patients had low scores (1–3), every 1 point increase in the SARC-F score was associated with lower physical functions such as lower muscle strength and shorter walking distance (all P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
A SARC-F cut-off ≥2 was optimal for screening sarcopenia, and even a low SARC-F score is useful in detecting sarcopenia and low physical function at an early stage in patients with CVD.
Burden of cardiometabolic disorders and lifetime risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation among men and women: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Lu Zuolin , Ntlapo Noluthando , Tilly Martijn J , Geurts Sven , Aribas Elif , Ikram M Kamran , de Groot Natasja M S , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
To examine the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and lifetime risk of AF incidence among men and women.

Methods and results
Four thousand one hundred and one men and 5421 women free of AF at baseline (1996–2008) from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. Sex-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders and risk of new-onset AF. The remaining lifetime risk for AF was estimated at index ages of 55, 65, and 75 years up to age 108. Mean age at baseline was 65.5 ± 9.4 years. Median follow-up time was 12.8 years. In the fully adjusted model, a stronger association was found between a larger burden of cardiometabolic disorders and incident AF among women [hazard ratio (HR): 1.33% and 95% conference interval (CI): 1.22–1.46], compared to men [1.18 (1.08–1.29)] (P for sex-interaction &lt;0.05). The lifetime risk for AF significantly increased with the number of cardiometabolic disorders among both sexes. At an index age of 55 years, the lifetime risks (95% CIs) for AF were 27.1% (20.8–33.4), 26.5% (22.8–30.5), 29.9% (26.7–33.2), 30.8% (25.7–35.8), and 33.3% (23.1–43.6) among men, for 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 comorbid cardiometabolic disorders. Corresponding risks were 15.8% (10.5–21.2), 23.0% (19.8–26.2), 29.7% (26.8–32.6), 26.2% (20.8–31.6), and 34.2% (17.3–51.1) among women.

Conclusion
We observed a significant combined impact of cardiometabolic disorders on AF risk, in particular among women. Participants with cardiometabolic multimorbidity had a significantly higher lifetime risk of AF, especially at a young index age.
Sequential hybrid ablation vs. surgical CryoMaze alone for treatment of atrial fibrillation: results of multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bulava Alan , Wichterle Dan , Mokráček Aleš , Osmančík Pavel , Budera Petr , Kačer Petr , Vetešková Linda , Němec Petr , Skála Tomáš , Šantavý Petr , Chovančík Jan , Branny Piotr , Rizov Vitalii , Kolesár Miroslav , Šafaříková Iva , Rybář Marian ,   for the SURHYB Trial Investigators, Bulava Alan , Mokráček Aleš , Haniš Jiří , Hájek Přemysl , Šafaříková Iva , Sitek David , Novotný Adam , Osmančík Pavel , Kačer Petr , Heřman Dalibor , Rizov Vitalii , Süssenbek Ondřej , Wichterle Dan , Budera Petr , Szárszoi Ondrej , Salavec Lukáš , Peichl Petr , Kautzner Josef , Netuka Ivan , Ondrášek Jiří , Vetešková Linda , Němec Petr , Frantová Jana , Skála Tomáš , Šantavý Petr , Klimeš Dalibor , Majid Mariwan , Kolesár Miroslav , Červinka Pavel , Chovančík Jan , Branny Piotr , Jiravský Otakar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Data on the hybrid atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment are lacking in patients with structural heart disease undergoing concomitant CryoMaze procedures. The aim was to assess whether the timely pre-emptive catheter ablation would achieve higher freedom from AF or atrial tachycardia (AT) and be associated with better clinical outcomes than surgical ablation alone.

Methods and results
The trial investigated patients with non-paroxysmal AF undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve repair/replacement with mandatory concomitant CryoMaze procedure who were randomly assigned to undergo either radiofrequency catheter ablation [Hybrid Group (HG)] or no further treatment (Surgery Group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the first recurrence of AF/AT without class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs as assessed by implantable cardiac monitors. The primary clinical endpoint was a composite of hospitalization for arrhythmia recurrence, worsening of heart failure, cardioembolic event, or major bleeding. We analysed 113 and 116 patients in the Hybrid and Surgery Groups, respectively, with a median follow-up of 715 (IQR: 528–1072) days. The primary efficacy endpoint was significantly reduced in the HG [41.1% vs. 67.4%, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.57, P &lt; 0.001] as well as the primary clinical endpoint (19.9% vs. 40.1%, HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29–0.86, P = 0.012). The trial groups did not differ in all-cause mortality (10.6% vs. 8.6%, HR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.51–2.71, P = 0.71). The major complications of catheter ablation were infrequent (1.9%).

Conclusion
Pre-emptively performed catheter ablation after the CryoMaze procedure was safe and associated with higher freedom from AF/AT and improved clinical outcomes.
Knockout of adenylosuccinate synthase purA increases susceptibility to colistin in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kano Tomonori , Ishikawa Kazuya , Furuta Kazuyuki , Kaito Chikara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Colistin is a cationic cyclic antimicrobial peptide used as a last resort against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. To understand the factors involved in colistin susceptibility, we screened colistin-sensitive mutants from an E. coli gene-knockout library (Keio collection). The knockout of purA, whose product catalyzes the synthesis of adenylosuccinate from IMP in the de novo purine synthesis pathway, resulted in increased sensitivity to colistin. Adenylosuccinate is subsequently converted to AMP, which is phosphorylated to produce ADP, a substrate for ATP synthesis. The amount of ATP was lower in the purA-knockout mutant than that in the wild-type strain. ATP synthesis is coupled with proton transfer, and it contributes to the membrane potential. Using the membrane potential probe, 3,3′-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC2(3)], we found that the membrane was hyperpolarized in the purA-knockout mutant compared to that in the wild-type strain. Treatment with the proton uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), abolished the hyperpolarization and colistin sensitivity in the mutant. The purA-knockout mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to aminoglycosides, kanamycin, and gentamicin; their uptake requires a membrane potential. Therefore, the knockout of purA, an adenylosuccinate synthase, decreases ATP synthesis concurrently with membrane hyperpolarization, resulting in increased sensitivity to colistin.
Merging and concatenation of sequencing reads: a bioinformatics workflow for the comprehensive profiling of microbiome from amplicon data
Authors: Ramakodi Meganathan P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive profiling of microbial diversity is essential to understand the ecosystem functions. Universal primer sets such as the 515Y/926R could amplify a part of 16S and 18S rRNA and infer the diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the analyses of mixed sequencing data pose a bioinformatics challenge; the 16S and 18S rRNA sequences need to be separated first and analysed individually/independently due to variations in the amplicon length. This study describes an alternative strategy, a merging and concatenation workflow, to analyse the mixed amplicon data without separating the 16S and 18S rRNA sequences. The workflow was tested with 24 mock community (MC) samples, and the analyses resolved the composition of prokaryotes and eukaryotes adequately. In addition, there was a strong correlation (cor = 0.950; P-value = 4.754e-10) between the observed and expected abundances in the MC samples, which suggests that the computational approach could infer the microbial proportions accurately. Further, 18 samples collected from the Sundarbans mangrove region were analysed as a case study. The analyses identified Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Cyanobacteria, and Crenarchaeota as dominant bacterial phyla and eukaryotic divisions such as Metazoa, Gyrista, Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, and Dinoflagellata were found to be dominant in the samples. Thus, the results support the applicability of the method in environmental microbiome research. The merging and concatenation workflow presented here requires considerably less computational resources and uses widely/commonly used bioinformatics packages, saving researchers analyses time (for equivalent sample numbers, compared to the conventional approach) required to infer the diversity of major microbial domains from mixed amplicon data at comparable accuracy.
Patterns of Genomic Diversity in a Fig-Associated Close Relative of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Woodruff Gavin C , Willis John H , Phillips Patrick C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The evolution of reproductive mode is expected to have profound impacts on the genetic composition of populations. At the same time, ecological interactions can generate close associations among species, which can in turn generate a high degree of overlap in their spatial distributions. Caenorhabditis elegans is a hermaphroditic nematode that has enabled extensive advances in developmental genetics. Caenorhabditis inopinata, the sister species of C. elegans, is a gonochoristic nematode that thrives in figs and obligately disperses on fig wasps. Here, we describe patterns of genomic diversity in C. inopinata. We performed RAD-seq on individual worms isolated from the field across three Okinawan island populations. C. inopinata is about five times more diverse than C. elegans. Additionally, C. inopinata harbors greater differences in diversity among functional genomic regions (such as between genic and intergenic sequences) than C. elegans. Conversely, C. elegans harbors greater differences in diversity between high-recombining chromosome arms and low-recombining chromosome centers than C. inopinata. FST is low among island population pairs, and clear population structure could not be easily detected among islands, suggesting frequent migration of wasps between islands. These patterns of population differentiation appear comparable with those previously reported in its fig wasp vector. These results confirm many theoretical population genetic predictions regarding the evolution of reproductive mode and suggest C. inopinata population dynamics may be driven by wasp dispersal. This work sets the stage for future evolutionary genomic studies aimed at understanding the evolution of sex as well as the evolution of ecological interactions.
Dance Exergames for Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Yoong Si Qi , Wu Vivien Xi , Chen Changwu , Lee Poh Yin , Wee Karen Siew Lin , Teo Justina , Chua Matthew Chin Heng , Jiang Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
A systematic review and meta-analysis with narrative synthesis was conducted to evaluate the impact of dance exergaming on older adults’ health-related outcomes and its feasibility, usability, and safety.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to December 7, 2023. Interventional studies using immersive or nonimmersive virtual reality platforms conducted on older adults ≥60 years old were eligible. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects model by pooling mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences. Outcomes were narratively synthesized when meta-analysis was not possible.

Results
Forty-three articles from 37 studies were included (n = 1 139 participants at baseline). Postintervention, dynamic balance measured using Berg Balance Scale (pooled MD = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.73–3.57, p &lt; .0001), Timed-Up-and-Go times (pooled MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −2.06 to −0.03, p = .04), choice stepping reaction time (pooled MD = −92.48, 95% CI: −167.30 to −17.67, p = .02), and movement time (pooled MD = −50.33, 95% CI: −83.34 to −17.33, p = .003) were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group. Adherence ranged from 76.5% to 100%, whereas attrition ranged from 9.1% to 31.9%. Most participants completed the intervention with no or minimal adverse effects.

Conclusions
Dance exergames are effective, feasible, usable, and safe for older adults. Further research is needed as the findings were limited by small sample sizes. Many studies could not be included in the meta-analysis as outcomes were too varied.
Alcohol’s contribution to climate change and other environmental degradation: a call for research
Authors: Cook Megan , Critchlow Nathan , O’Donnell Rachel , MacLean Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity. The production, distribution and consumption of many fast-moving consumer goods contribute substantially to climate change, principally through releasing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we consider just some of the ways that alcohol—already a key contributor to an array of health, social and economic burdens—exacerbates environmental harms and climate change. We explore current evidence on alcohol production as a resource- and energy-intensive process, contributing to significant environmental degradation through water usage and other carbon emission costs. We argue that the impacts of alcohol production on climate change have been minimally explored by researchers. Yet the extent of the unfolding catastrophe beholds us to consider all available ways to mitigate unnecessary emissions, including from products such as alcohol. We then turn to suggestions for a research agenda on this topic, including investigations of commercial determinants, inequalities and product advice to help consumers choose lower-carbon options. We conclude by arguing that public health researchers already have an array of methodological expertise and experience that is well placed to produce the evidence needed to inform regulation and efforts by alcohol producers and consumers to minimize their contributions to environmental harms.