bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory comparison of testing hydraulic, elastic, and failure properties in compression: lessons learned
Authors: Cheng Yan , Lockner David , Duda Mandy , Morrow Carolyn , Saffer Demian , Song Insun , Renner Jörg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany geoscientific problems require us to exploit synergies of experimental and numerical approaches, which in turn lead to questions regarding the significance of experimental details for validation of numerical codes. We report results of an interlaboratory comparison regarding experimental determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of samples from five rock types, three sandstone varieties with porosities ranging from 5% to 20%, a marble, and a granite. The objective of this study was to build confidence in the participating laboratories’ testing approaches and to establish tractable standards for several physical properties of rocks. We addressed the issue of sample-to-sample variability by investigating the variability of basic physical properties of samples of a particular rock type and by performing repeat tests. Compressive strength of the different rock types spans an order of magnitude and shows close agreement between the laboratories. However, differences among stress–strain relations indicate that the external measurement of axial displacement and the determination of system stiffness require special attention, apparently more so than the external load measurement. Furthermore, post-failure behavior seems to exhibit some machine-dependence. The different methods used for the determination of hydraulic permeability, covering six orders of magnitude for the sample suite, yield differences in absolute values and pressure dependence for some rocks but not for others. The origin of the differences in permeability, in no case exceeding an order of magnitude, correlate with the compressive strength and potentially reflect a convolution of end plug–sample interaction, sample-to-sample variability, heterogeneity on sample scale, and/or anisotropy, the last two aspects are notably not accounted for by the applied evaluation procedures. Our study provides an extensive data set apt for “benchmarking” considerations, be it regarding new laboratory equipment or numerical modeling approaches.
Remanufacturing capacity planning in new markets—effects of different forecasting assumptions on remanufacturing capacity planning for electric vehicle batteries
Authors: Huster Sandra , Rosenberg Sonja , Glöser-Chahoud Simon , Schultmann Frank 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen planning production or remanufacturing capacity, it is necessary to use forecasts. In the case of production, demand must be forecasted; in the case of remanufacturing, core supply is also uncertain. In the remanufacturing literature, there are different methods to forecast product returns in the long term, mostly material-flow analysis, system dynamics simulation, and discrete-event simulation. All methods require various assumptions to be taken. The effects of the assumptions are rarely studied, although every assumption adds a source of error. In this paper, we examine which assumptions influence long-term forecasts for remanufacturing capacity planning the most. This can help researchers and practitioners to focus on the most influencing factors and neglect those that would only add complexity without adding value. We examine assumptions concerning new product sales, product composition, product lifetime, return rate, and return quality. Our use case are electric vehicle batteries in Germany from 2022 to 2032. We find that, for the examined period, product quality and return rate have the greatest influence on capacity planning. Assumptions on an age limit for cores or a certain remaining useful life as a quality gate significantly lower the product return quantities and the resulting demand for remanufacturing capacity. The product's lifespan also influences the results, first and foremost regarding the entry point into remanufacturing activities. Sales forecasts affect the results minorly if the timeframe of the forecast and the expected product lifespan are approximately the same.
Promoting the Maneuverability and Fault-Tolerant Control Capabilities of Dual-System/Hybrid VTOL UAVs
Authors: Salem Wessam Ahmed , Mohamady Osama , Draz Mohannad , El-bayoumi Gamal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an active fault-tolerant flight control system (FCS) design for the dual-system/hybrid VTOL UAV configuration that maximally exploits its inherent over-actuation abilities to provide higher levels of fault-tolerance and reliability compared to that of the other VTOL UAVs configurations up to this point. The significance of this study is to convert the main drawback of having the vertical rotors as dead weights during the cruise to a key advantage where all the UAV's controls are kept active during all the flight phases raising the UAV's fault-tolerance and maneuverability abilities. The FCS proposed elaborates on a new architecture for the hierarchical automatic control loops using the dynamic inversion control to design the trajectory tracking virtual commands and employing optimal dynamic control allocation to optimally resolve the controls redundancy. Regarding fault-tolerance, the presented FCS handles simultaneous failures and jamming of all the control surfaces during flight where the control commands to the healthy controls (vertical rotors) were automatically adapted such that the trimming and trajectory tracking were successfully maintained till the mission end. Additionally, this paper addresses for the first time the employment of the controls redundancy to enhance the VTOL UAV's maneuverability in fault-free cases, where we present a study of reducing the minimum turn radius of the UAV when the vertical rotors are employed with the control surfaces during the maneuver. A reduction of 38% in the coordinated steady-level minimum turn radius turn at 35 m/sec flight speed was achieved.
Prediction of complications in diabetes mellitus using machine learning models with transplanted topic model features
Authors: Han Benedict Choonghyun , Kim Jimin , Choi Jinwook 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurpose: This study aims to predict the progression of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) from the clinical notes through machine learning based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. Particularly, 174,427 clinical notes of DM patients were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR) system of the Seoul National University Hospital outpatient clinic.Method: We developed a model to predict the development of DM complications. Topics developed by the topic model were exploited as the key feature of our machine-learning model. The proposed model generalized a correlation between topic structures and complications.Results: The model provided acceptable predictive performance for all four types of complications (diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cerebrovascular accident). Upon employing extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), we obtained the F1 scores of the predictions for each complication type as 0.844, 0.921, 0.831, and 0.762.Conclusion: This study shows that a machine learning project based on topic modeling can effectively predict the progress of a disease. Furthermore, a unique way of topic model transplanting, which matches the dimension of the topic structures of the two data sets, is presented.
Synthesis and evaluation of core–shell nanocomposites for the photodegradation of liner alkyl-benzene sulfonate water contaminations
Authors: Hassan M. E.-D. R. , Barakat M. E. S. , Yosef E. H. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLinear alkyl-benzene sulfonate surfactants (LAS) are a major pollutant source of sewage and wastewater. They trigger severe impact on the environmental fauna and flora. Current research explores the synthesis of three different core–shell nanocomposites (CSNCs) containing titania through an inexpensive oxidative polymerization technique. The fabricated CSNCs were evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of LAS water contaminations. The selected CSNCs investigated for this study were the TiO2/poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) and TiO2/ poly(aniline-co-3-Me-thiophene) as well as the TiO2/terpolymer (aniline-pyrrole-m-aminobenzoic acid). The structure of the formed nanocomposites was confirmed by varied characterization spectroscopy. The core–shell structure of the nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs and transmission electron microscopy. The CSNCs exhibited intensive photo catalytic degradation efficacy toward LAS under visible light exposure in comparison with the exposure in their absence. The parameters optimizing their photovoltaic degradation efficiency were assessed. The presented approach implies that an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly synthetic setup was achieved to produce novel CSNCs with high potential as LAS photodegradation agents.
A Behaviourally Informed Approach to Reducing the Risk of Inadvertent Anti-doping Rule Violations from Supplement Use
Authors: Backhouse Susan H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor many reasons, athletes’ use of supplements is highly prevalent across sports and competitive levels, despite the risk of these products containing a substance on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List. Contravening anti-doping rules through supplement use could have serious consequences for competitive athletes (e.g., ineligibility from major competitions, loss of medals and funding) due to the principle of strict liability. Indiscriminate supplement use also poses a risk to athlete health. To reduce the possibility of ingesting a supplement containing prohibited substances, independent quality assurance and certification programs have been established (e.g., Informed Sport). However, these programs do not completely eliminate risk, leading to some anti-doping organisations promoting a ‘just say no’ to supplements stance. Yet, this approach can be problematic as a small number of supplements may be necessary for athletes to consume, in certain situations. Recognising that athletes will continue to use these heavily marketed products, this narrative review describes a theoretically underpinned and systematic approach to preventing inadvertent doping by considering the barriers to and enablers of athlete adherence to risk minimisation supplement use guidelines (RMSUG). By outlining a conceptual shift towards a behaviourally informed approach, this review serves to stimulate the development of multifaceted interventions to prevent inadvertent doping through supplement use. Recognising that risk-minimised supplement use involves a myriad of behaviours, the problem of inadvertent doping through supplement use is framed, and research appraised, through the lens of the Behaviour Change Wheel.
Effects of a calorie-restricted dietary intervention on weight loss and gut microbiota diversity in obese patients with sleep deprivation
Authors: Wen Surong , Ni Yaojun , Dai Yuhong , Liu Ziyu , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhang Jie , Yu Weinan , Hu Wen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a calorie-restricted dietary (CRD) intervention on weight and gut microbiota diversity in obese patients with sleep deprivation (SD).

Methods
Twenty obese patients were divided into a sleep deprivation group (SD group, n = 10) and a nonsleep deprivation group (NSD group, n = 10), both of which underwent a CRD intervention for 12 weeks. Measurement of anthropometric parameters, biochemical examinations and gut microbiota detection were performed at baseline and at the end of week 12. Mi Smart Bands 1 (Standard Option) were used to monitor sleep and exercise.

Results
(1) The CRD intervention improved body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), basal metabolic rate (BMR), body fat content (BFC), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in all obese patients. (2) In the NSD group, BW, BFC, VFA (visceral fat area), BMR and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly reduced after the CRD intervention (P < 0.05). (3) The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota remained unchanged after the intervention in the two groups. (4) There was a negative correlation between Mollicutes and BMR in the NSD group.

Conclusions
The effects of a CRD intervention weaken on weight loss and the metabolism of blood lipids may be weakened by SD. The abundance of Mollicutes bacteria may be related to weight loss after a CRD intervention in obese patients.

Level of evidence
III, prospective cohort study.
Outcomes of hip fracture in centenarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abelleyra Lastoria Diego Agustín , Benny Clerin Kulangara , Smith Toby , Hing Caroline Blanca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Outcomes of hip fractures in centenarians remain underreported owing to the small number of patients reaching 100 years of age. This review aimed to determine outcomes of hip fracture in centenarians and to identify the most common comorbidities among centenarians with hip fracture to better characterise this population.

Methods
Published and unpublished literature databases, conference proceedings and the reference lists of included studies were searched to the 25th of January 2023. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Included studies were appraised using tools respective of study design.

Results
Twenty-three studies (6970 centenarians) were included (retrospective period: 1990–2020). The evidence was largely moderate to low in quality. One-year mortality following a hip fracture was 53.8% (95% CI 47.2 to 60.3%). Pooled complication rate following a hip fracture in centenarians was 50.5% (95% CI 25.3 to 75.6%). Dementia (26.2%, 95% CI 15.7 to 38.2%), hypertension (15.6%, 95% CI 3.4 to 33.1%), and diabetes (5.5%, 95% CI 1.9 to 10.7%) were the most common comorbidities among centenarians with hip fracture.

Conclusion
Hip fractures in centenarians typically involve complex patient presentations with diverse comorbidities. However, the current evidence-base is moderate to low in quality. Effective cross-discipline communication and intervention is suggested to promote treatment outcomes.
Two-period Colonel Blotto contest with cumulative investments over variable assets with resource constraints
Authors: Hausken Kjell 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo resource constrained players compete by investing in two assets which may increase or decrease in value over two periods. A player’s investment in period 1 carries over to period 2. If an asset is cheap in period 1, a player invests more in it in period 1, less in period 2, and does the opposite for the other asset. If an asset is cheap in period 2, a player invests more in it in period 2, less in period 1, and does the opposite for the other asset. If an asset increases in value, both players invest more in it in both periods, and less into the less valuable asset. An advantaged player may invest more into the less valuable asset than the least advantaged player. If an asset increases in value, both players invest more in it in period 2, until the advantaged player eventually ceases investment into the asset with low growth, to focus on the high-growth asset. Various intuitive and less intuitive effects are illustrated for how players strike balances across space (two assets) and time (two periods).
Enhanced parameter estimation by measurement of non-Hermitian operators
Authors: Li Jianning , Liu Haodi , Wang Zhihai , Yi X. X. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractQuantum metrology aims at delivering new quantum-mechanical improvement to technologies of parameter estimations with precision bounded by the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. The currently used quantum Cramér-Rao bound was established with measurements of observables restricted to be Hermitian. This constrains the bound and limits the precision of parameter estimation. In this paper, we lift the constraint and derive a previously unknown quantum Cramér-Rao bound. We find that the new bound can reach arbitrary small value with mixed states and it breaks the Heisenberg limit in some cases. We construct a setup to measure non-Hermitian operators and discuss the saturation of the present bound. Two examples—the phase estimation with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of trapped ions and the adiabatic quantum parameter estimation with the nuclear magnetic resonance—are employed to demonstrate the theory. The present study might open a new research direction—non-Hermitian quantum metrology.
Can machines be trustworthy?
Authors: Søgaard Anders 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
AI regulators promote ‘trustworthy AI’, but what exactly does trustworthy AI mean, and what does it have to do with trust? Many philosophers argue that the phrase is a contradiction of terms. Trust, unlike reliance, is said to be a uniquely human relationship involving direct responsiveness or intent. I argue that the objective of trustworthy AI can be real trust in the general sense of Karen Jones and others, and very similar to the kind of trust we place in institutions. The idea that trustworthiness does not apply to machines, stems from a petitio principii fallacy. We show how to escape this fallacy, providing a better and less anthropomorphic definition of trustworthiness. We briefly discuss how transparency modulates trustworthiness on our revised definition, as well as a possible challenge from intentionality.
Towards learned emulation of interannual water isotopologue variations in General Circulation Models
Authors: Wider Jonathan , Kruse Jakob , Weitzel Nils , Bühler Janica C. , Köthe Ullrich , Rehfeld Kira 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Simulating abundances of stable water isotopologues, that is, molecules differing in their isotopic composition, within climate models allows for comparisons with proxy data and, thus, for testing hypotheses about past climate and validating climate models under varying climatic conditions. However, many models are run without explicitly simulating water isotopologues. We investigate the possibility of replacing the explicit physics-based simulation of oxygen isotopic composition in precipitation using machine learning methods. These methods estimate isotopic composition at each time step for given fields of surface temperature and precipitation amount. We implement convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on the successful UNet architecture and test whether a spherical network architecture outperforms the naive approach of treating Earth’s latitude-longitude grid as a flat image. Conducting a case study on a last millennium run with the iHadCM3 climate model, we find that roughly 40% of the temporal variance in the isotopic composition is explained by the emulations on interannual and monthly timescale, with spatially varying emulation quality. The tested CNNs outperform simple baseline models such as random forest and pixel-wise linear regression substantially. A modified version of the standard UNet architecture for flat images yields results that are as good as the predictions by the spherical CNN. Variations in the implementation of isotopes between climate models likely contribute to an observed deterioration of emulation results when testing on data obtained from different climate models than the one used for training. Future work toward stable water-isotope emulation might focus on achieving robust climate–oxygen isotope relationships or exploring the set of possible predictor variables.
Migration and labour unrest during the pandemic: Studies from Germany and Austria
Authors: Neuhauser Johanna , Birke Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of research, which highlights the situation during the pandemic in sectors characterised by low wages and a high turnover of workers. The empirical basis is formed by company case studies in the meat industry, postal services, and mask production in Germany and Austria. This paper discusses the significance of different locations (at and beyond the workplace) and forms (‘exit’ and ‘voice’) of labour unrest in sectors of the economy that are characterised by a predominance of the use of migrant labour. It questions how conflicts over migrant labour have been articulated and possibly changed in the pandemic, and what factors may have contributed not only to an upsurge but also to the containment, regulation, and repression, of labour unrest.
The Rationality of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: Kelsall Joshua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Some vaccine-hesitant people lack epistemic trust in the COVID-19 vaccine recommendation that because vaccines have been shown to be medically safe and effective, one ought to get vaccinated. Citing what I call exception information, they claim that whatever the general safety and efficacy of vaccines, the vaccines may not be safe and effective for them. Examples include parents citing information about their children's health, pregnant women's concerns about the potential adverse effects of treatment on pregnant women, young people citing their relative invulnerability to extreme COVID-19 symptoms, or members of vulnerable racial groups citing epistemic injustice, such as a lack of representation in COVID-19 vaccine trials. This paper examines the extent to which a lack of epistemic trust in vaccine recommendations, based on such exemption information, is rational.
Historians and High School Students as Partners: Community-based Learning Experiences as a Tool for Democratizing Research
Authors: Yeboah Tony , Getz Trevor , Kertsman Talia , George Gordon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is a great need for new practices to match evolving theories in decolonizing and democratizing the field of African history. This article is a report on a research practice undertaken in the Central Region of Ghana in which researchers worked with teachers to deliver a community-based history experience for high school teachers. The historians contributed lessons in methodology as well as an approach that valued the students as co-creators. Students selected their own research topics and produced original interpretations for their community. The evidence from this intervention suggests benefits for researchers, students, and community members. Although it required a great deal of preparation and learning on the part of the historians, this kind of practice may build community confidence in the researcher, foster valuable partnerships, produce more accurate information and interpretations, and nurture the development of future historians from local communities.
Undoing Matricide as Maternal Radical Care
Authors: Rozmarin Miri , Simhi Shlomit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe concept of matricide theorizes the marginal position of the mother within a phallocentric and patriarchal society from a psychoanalytic perspective. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of transformative nonmatricidal processes by analyzing the relations between the psychic and political aspects of these processes. We argue that nonmatricidal spaces can be created through the mobilization of a maternal affect as a care practice that transgresses social and normative boundaries. By reading the biblical story of Moses's birth and childhood, we depict the emergence of a nonmatricidal space and the ways in which this space defies and disturbs social boundaries forced by a heteronormative, phallocentric, and patriarchal law. We draw on Luce Irigaray's and Kelly Oliver's concept of a “loving look” to theorize how maternal affect is mobilized as an ethical and a political commitment, which affirms alternative positions of subjectivity and agency. We conclude by arguing that an integrated account of nonmatricidal relational spaces and maternal radical care practices might offer a wider understanding of the political effects of maternal politics as radical care practices.