bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle-in-cell simulations of high frequency capacitively coupled plasmas including spatially localised inductive-like heating
Authors: Osca Engelbrecht M , Ridgers C P , Dedrick J , Boswell R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High frequency (HF) capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) are ubiquitous, having several industrial applications, especially in the semiconductor industry. Inductive heating effects within these plasmas play an important role and therefore understanding them is key to improve industrial applications. For this purpose kinetic research, using particle-in-cell (PIC) codes, offers significant opportunity to study, and improve, industrial plasma processes that operate at the atomic level. However, PIC codes commonly used for CCPs are electrostatic and thus cannot be used to simulate electromagnetically induced currents. Therefore we have developed EPOCH-LTP, a 1D PIC code with a current heating model, that enables the simulation of inductive heating effects in HF CCPs. First simulation results, from an HF CCP (60 MHz) operated at 1 mTorr of argon, show that inductive currents couple most of their power to the electrons at the interface between the bulk plasma and the sheath. Furthermore, the simulation of a dual-frequency CCP, where a HF inductive current and a low-frequency (LF) voltage waveform at 400 kHz are applied, have shown a synergy between the HF and LF waveforms that increase the inductive heating rate.
The effect of organic clay on the properties of TPI/NR composite materials
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liang Yurong , Jia Yuhui , Shen Ruibing , Wang Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
TPI shape memory materials’ low flexibility and poor mechanical properties currently limit their use in a broader range of applications. Most scholars use high performance fillers to improve their mechanical properties. However, the cost of high-performance fillers is high. Therefore, the introduction of flexible natural rubber (NR) and low-cost organic clay (OC) into the trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) matrix as the reinforcing phase. A new shape memory polymer— TPI/NR/OC, was prepared by mechanical melt blending.The effect of the changes of filler content on the thermodynamic properties of the composite materials were revealed by series of tests. The results showed that OC formed a homogeneous intercalation structure with the composite matrix, and OC promoted the crystallization of TPI, and part of OC was able to form physical entanglements with the molecular chains of the composites, which led to the improvement of mechanical and shape memory properties. The tensile strength of the composite at an OC dosage of 3.6phr was 19.9 MPa, with a shape fixity ratio of 97.9% and a shape recovery ratio of 96.8%. The relevant findings of this research may provide valuable design references for more areas of application of shape memory composites.
Scaling laws of two-dimensional incompressible turbulent transport
Authors: Palade D I , Pomârjanschi L M , Ghiţă M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The diffusive transport in two-dimensional incompressible turbulent fields is investigated with the aid of high-quality direct numerical simulations. Three classes of turbulence spectra that are able to capture both short and long-range time-space correlations and oscillating features are employed. We report novel scaling laws that depart from the γ = 7/10 paradigm of percolative exponents and are dependent on the features of turbulence. A simple relation between diffusion in the percolative and frozen regimes is found. The importance of discerning between differential and integral characteristic scales is emphasized.
Chaos and multistability in Josephson junction spurred by a Wien bridge oscillator: microcontroller implementation, chaotic and coexisting attractors controls
Authors: Godonou Daniel Maoussi , Sriram Balakrishnan , Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Ainamon Cyrille , Rajagopal Karthikeyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the dynamics, microcontroller realization, chaotic, and coexisting attractors controls in the Josephson junction (JJ) spurred by the Wien bridge oscillator (WBO). The JJ spurred by WBO (JJSWBO) is designed by coupling through a gain a resistive-capacitive shunted JJ (RCSJJ) circuit to a WBO. The JJSWBO exhibits bistable periodic, monostable chaotic, and coexisting attractors as well as period-doubling bifurcation to chaos. A microcontroller implementation of JJSWBO is used to establish the dynamical behaviors spotted in JJSWBO during the numerical simulations. Moreover, two configured single controllers are engrossed to subdue the chaotic and coexisting behavior in JJSWBO. Lastly, thanks to the linear augmentation method, the coexisting attractors of JJSWBO are controlled to the desired trajectory.
Non-monotonic electromechanical deformation of dielectric elastomer actuators with different surface densities of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Junshi , Liu Lei , Zhu Jihong , Zhang Weihong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) surface density on the electromechanical actuation of dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators. A filter transfer technique is utilized to deposit CNTs electrodes on VHB (Very-High-Bond) 4905 elastomers with different surface densities. The electromechanical characteristics of VHB 4905 elastomers with different surface densities of CNTs electrodes are evaluated experimentally. Theoretical models are simultaneously established to analyze with experimental measurements. It is found that increasing the CNTs surface density may alter the dielectric constant and modulus of DE actuators which results in a non-monotonic varying behavior of the electromechanical deformation under DC voltages. Furthermore, the stability and repeatability of the CNTs electrodes under AC voltage are verified by conducting additional experiments under different frequencies. This research can be used to determine the CNTs surface density to optimize the electromechanical actuation of DE actuators.
Numerical solutions of linear time-fractional advection-diffusion equations with modified Mittag-Leffler operator in a bounded domain
Authors: Odibat Zaid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fractional advection-diffusion equations have demonstrated to be a powerful tool in modeling complex anomalous diffusion in applied science. In this paper, we studied novel linear time-fractional advection-diffusion equations associated with an extension of Mittag-Leffler fractional derivative operator. A useful feature of the used extension is to address the limitations of the Mittag-Leffler fractional derivative model. We, mainly, proposed a numerical approach to provide approximate solutions to linear time-fractional advection-diffusion equations with the studied extended fractional derivative operator. The suggested approach is based on discretizing the studied models with respect to spatio-temporal domain using uniform meshes. A new type of solutions for the studied models was generated numerically using the proposed approach. Besides, a comparative study was conducted to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Impact of intensity error on temperature estimation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a numerical study
Authors: John Lekha Mary , Anoop K K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a cutting-edge technique for the compositional analysis of multi-element materials. Under standard circumstances for laser-induced plasma (T
e = 1 eV and N
e = 1016 cm−3), we simulated the emission spectrum of a binary alloy (with 70 wt.% Cu–30 wt.% Al). We used the Saha ionization equilibrium formulas to calculate the population of neutral and ionized species of each constituent element, and the Boltzmann distribution to estimate the intensities of emission lines with radiative transition probabilities. The Stark broadening equation is then used to determine the line broadening, yielding a Lorentzian profile for each line. The sum of line emissions of all constituent species will approximate the alloy’s LIBS spectra in an assumption of ideal analytical plasma. Then, we generated random errors in the intensities of spectral lines ranging from 5% to 35%. To investigate temperature estimation accuracy, we utilized three well-established approaches: the Boltzmann plot (BP) method, the Saha–Boltzmann plot (SBP) method, and the Multi-elemental SBP (MESBP) method. As intensity error increases from 5% to 35%, the estimated temperature in the BP method deviates from 0.25% to 18.3%. Whereas the intensity error is almost unaffected using the SBP method and the MESBP method. The temperature deviation is less than 2% in both situations. This study is relevant to calibration-free LIBS, in which the exact temperature determination is crucial for the abundance estimation of trace, major, and minor elements.
Development of high-performance long-pulse discharge in KSTAR
Authors: Kim Hyun-Seok , Jeon YoungMu , Han Hyunsun , Kim Kimin , Kim KwangPyo , Kim Heungsu , Rhee Tongnyeol , Kim Juhyung , Kim Junghee , Seo Dongcheol , Bang Eunnam , Ahn Hee-Jae , Ahn Hyun-Sik , Hong Jaesic , Jeong Jinhyun , Kong Jongdae , Kwak Jong-Gu , Jin Jongkook , Bak Jungyo , Park Kaprai , Lee Kyu-Dong , Joung Mi , Kwag Sang Woo , Hahn Sang-Hee , Kim SangKyeun , Yoon Si-Woo , Wang Sonjong , Kim Woong Chae , Kim Young-Ok ,   KSTAR Teams
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-performance long-pulse plasma operation is essential for producing economically viable fusion energy in tokamak devices. To achieve such discharges in KSTAR, firstly, the rapid increase in the temperature of plasma-facing components was mitigated. The temperature increase of the poloidal limiter, especially, was associated with beam-driven fast ion orbit loss and the discrepancy of the equilibrium reconstructed with heated magnetic probes of signal drift. The fast ions lost to the poloidal limiter were reduced by optimizing the plasma shape and the composition of neutral beam injection (NBI). This nonlinear signal drift was successfully reduced by a new thermal shielding protector on the magnetic probes. Secondly, a lower loop voltage approach was implemented to reduce a poloidal flux consumption rate. A plasma current of 400 kA and a line-averaged electron density of ∼2.0 × 1019 m−3 were chosen by considering the L–H power threshold, fast ion orbit loss, and beam shine-through power loss for low loop voltage in KSTAR. In addition, the application of electron cyclotron heating also helped maintain the plasma with low loop voltage (∼25 mV) by enhancing the NBI-driven current and achieving a high poloidal beta (β
P) state. KSTAR has achieved a long pulse (∼90 s) operation with the high performance of β
P ⩽ 2.7, thermal energy confinement enhancement factor (H98y2) ∼ 1.1, and fraction of non-inductive current (f
NI) ⩽ 0.96. Still, gradual degradation of the plasma performance has been observed over time in the discharges. In one of the long-pulse discharges, β
P reduced by ∼18% over the time of ∼8τ
R (current relaxation time, τ
R ∼ 5 s) and ∼1067τ
E,th (thermal energy confinement time, τ
E,th ∼ 45 ms). The degradation may be closely associated with weak, yet growing, and persistent toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes and their effect on fast ion confinement.
Development and analysis of whispering gallery mode model for refractive index sensing
Authors: Batumalay M. , Zain H.A , Rahim H.R.A. , Harun S. W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A refractive index sensor based on a whispering gallery mode resonator is numerically investigated in this paper. Whispering gallery mode resonators confine light and can be used in sensing applications, and this work presents the model built using COMSOL software to analyze their sensing performance. This work has investigated the WGM resonators’ response to refractive index changes numerically using 2D models in the refractive index ranges 1.000 and 1.333. The resonator showed a sensitivity of 167 nm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.3331.4 and a sensitivity of 95 nm/RIU in the refractive index range of 1.000-1.010. The sensing resonator has potential applications for biological and chemical analytes.
Quantum Properties in Nonlinear Coupler with Raman Process.
Authors: Hanapi Mohd Syafiq M. , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M. A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, we have examined the generation of squeezed states of light in a two-waveguide coupler in which Raman processes are active in one waveguide. Both waveguides are mutually linearly interacting through the field’s evanescent waves. We looked at a few interesting cases in which the system generated single mode squeezed states due to spontaneous and stimulated Raman processes. Under specific combinations of design parameters and phase mismatching conditions, squeezed states may take the form of collapses and revivals, or the second quadrature of the optical mode may oscillate completely below the short-noise limit of a coherent state.
Sensitivity Performance of Optical Waveguide Sensors with Different Shapes of Cladding Layer for Microplastics Detection
Authors: Hanafi A I M , Saris N N H , Idrus S M , Hamzah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With microplastics pollution becoming a global concern, there comes a need for sensors to attain an optimal level of sensitivity to detect microplastics in water. This work investigated the effects of cladding layer shapes on the sensitivity performance of an optical waveguide sensor for microplastics detection in water. In this research, three different cladding shapes—C-shaped fiber, D-shaped fiber, and rectangular waveguide with circular core—were simulated by using Wave Optics Module-COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The results indicated that the C-shaped fiber exhibited significantly higher sensitivity, with a sensitivity value of 1.070x10−3 compared to the D-shaped fiber and rectangular waveguide with 3.845x10−4 and 3.842x10−4, respectively. The sensitivities of the D-shaped fiber and rectangular waveguide were relatively similar and did not exhibit any significant difference. The higher sensitivity of the C-shaped fiber is attributed to its larger exposed core area to the analyte, resulting in higher interaction of the evanescent wave with the analyte. However, fabricating the C-shaped fiber is more challenging compared to the other two shapes. This research highlights the significance of cladding shapes in optical waveguide sensor sensitivities and provides design optimization insights for microplastics detection in water.
Centralized Monitoring for Huge FTTH Network using Code Grating
Authors: Ahmad Norhidayah , Rahman MS , Ahmad Abas AH 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 has impacted the demand in broadband communication specifically in Fiber to the Home (FTTH). The increase in the demand caused the increase in the number of users in Triple play service during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period. Consequently, the high volume of user has slowed down the internet speed and connectivity. In addition, there is no effective monitoring system to monitor the network health from user end. This study was conducted to design a PON Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) network which can serve thousands of users by increasing the capacity of the network and at the same time the network operator will be able to monitor any faulty branch(s) at the user end. By upgrading the new component in PON FTTH such as SOA, AWG and Demultiplexer, the network is able to support up to 30 000 users and also able to monitor fault user branches in FTTH network by using code FBG.
The effect of temperature to the reflected signal of PMMA FBG in FTTH network
Authors: Ahmad Abas A H , Rahman M S , Ahmad Norhidayah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The need for an early detection of disaster has grown vital because of the rise in natural disaster events occurred in Malaysia recently, such as fire, landslides, and floods. Thus, an early warning system could somehow reduce the seriousness of disaster. Due to this, Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) has garnered a lot of interest, because of its promising features especially for becoming a sensing device. This paper study the effectiveness of polymer FBG sensor in Fiber-To-The Home (FTTH) network. The simulation was done using OptiSystem7.0 software. The changes of power(dBm) due to the temperature changes was tabulated. PMMA has shown a significant change in power with averagely 1.123 dBm drop for every 10°C increase of temperature. This indicates that PMMA have promising characteristics to become the main material for fabrication of FBG sensor.
On the basic mechanism of grain growth: the role of texture on grain boundary migration rate
Authors: Abbruzzese G C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper we will review some of the many achievements of Statistical Theory of Grain Growth (which is 40 years old, this year!), based on the classic law of grain growth. For instance, we will show that grain growth in presence of texture (which is the usual feature in a real microstructure) is not exclusively depending on the curvature of the grain boundary, as in this case the effect of curvature at the vertexes (in 2-D case) contributes as well (which, depending on the texture pattern, sometimes may be more relevant than curvature along the boundary). Such phenomenon requires a reformulation of Von Neuman’s equation in 2-D by involving, beside the different boundary mobilities, the different energies of the “third” grain boundary, which is pulling the vertex and inducing an extra curvature which is not balanced along the grain perimeter (for simplicity’s sake we are referring to a 2-D case, but the analysis can also be done in 3-D). We can then observe that boundary movement is not only depending on a couple of grains in contact (with the boundary curvature acting like in a bicrystal) but also includes the network of “third” grains operating at the vertexes. The overall consequence is that the growth kinetics and the grain size distribution shape are unique and variable for each texture component which contradicts classic growth laws as well as the expected results for the whole grain size distribution.
Understanding the static recrystallization of Ni-Mo alloyed steels for rolling optimization in high strength thick plates
Authors: Miguel L San , Isasti N , Detemple E , Mohrbacher H , Uranga P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The development of high strength/high toughness steel grades for thick plates requires an optimum combination of alloy design and processing conditions. In this contribution, the effect that Molybdenum and Nickel have on the static recrystallization kinetics during roughing passes is analyzed. High alloying additions, especially in the case of Mo, imply intense solute drag delay for static recrystallization. This mechanism, added to the low reductions typically applied during roughing of thick plates, reduces the possibility for a complete recrystallization between passes and limit austenite conditioning and grain size refinement. Under these circumstances, the understanding and modelling of static recrystallization becomes relevant. Hot torsion tests were carried out and the effect of alloying elements on the recrystallization kinetics and recrystallized grain size was quantified in four different steel grades with several Molybdenum (0.25-0.5%) and Nickel combinations (0-0.5%). Finally, the softening behavior and microstructural evolution during multipass roughing rolling simulations was compared with MicroSim® model predictions, showing a reasonable agreement with experimental results.
Heterogeneous microstructure design by pre-manipulating ferrite recrystallization in a cold rolled medium Mn steel
Authors: Zheng Qinyuan , Lu Yi , Hu Baojia , Zheng Chengwu , Li Dianzhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The medium Mn steel (MMS), which is regarded as the most representative candidate of the third generation advanced high strength steels, has received widely attention during the last several decades with respect to the exceptional advantage of low cost and excellent strength-ductility properties. In this study, a microstructural strategy of developing heterogeneous microstructures in a cold rolled MMS is presented. By pre-manipulating occurrence of the ferrite recrystallization, both the lamellar-shaped and granular-shaped ultra-fine retained austenite can be obtained after the two-step intercritical annealing process. Various amounts of recrystallized ferrite and difform martensite can be obtained by adjusting the pre-annealing temperature, which can effectively contribute to producing the two types of heterogeneous retained austenite, i.e., lamellar and granular in the following annealing process. The heterogeneous-structured retained austenite enables an excellent strength–ductility combination and reduced Lüders strain in the cold-rolled MMS.
Influence of roll-bending deformation on microstructure and texture in an Al-Li alloy with different extrusion aspect ratio
Authors: Hou X K , Qi Y T , Li B L , Yin J M , Qi P , Wen S P , Wei W , Yao C G , Hu Z G , Nie Z R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of roll bending deformation on the microstructure and texture in an Al-Li alloy with different extrusion aspect ratios. The results indicated that the substructure of most extruded fiber grains is not completely eliminated on the ND-ED section at position B with a low extrusion aspect ratio. However, the texture type of the ND-TD section changes from a single <114> texture to an adjacent <112> texture after roll-bending deformation, and the texture intensity decreases from 8.3 to 6.1. With the increase of the extrusion aspect ratio, the effect of roll-bending deformation on the microstructure began to be obvious, especially at position C. A large number of elongated recrystallized grains along the ED direction were transformed into approximately equiaxed grains on ND-ED section after the roll-bending deformation. There were also a small number of approximately equiaxed cell structures. The relative frequency of the low-angle grain boundary rose slightly from 42.1% to 46.7%. The single <313> texture moved to the adjacent <112> texture, and the texture strength increased from 4.8 to 6.3.
Self-Annealing Phenomena in the Cold-Rolled and Cryo-Rolled Copper Alloys: A Review
Authors: Gupta Aman , Choi Shi-Hoon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeverely deformed copper (Cu) alloys showed the self-annealing behaviour when exposed at room temperature (RT) for a prolonged time. This phenomenon results in the evolution of self-annealed grains, dislocations annihilations, and a decrease in the strength. The present review work addresses the evolution of self-annealed microstructures in room-temperature-rolled (RTR) and cryogenic-rolled (CR) Cu alloys, including various grades of Cu alloys such as ETP Cu, Cu-Fe-P, Cu-Sn-Mg alloys that were studied in terms of RT softening. Static recrystallization (SRX) at room temperature (RT) was observed in the highly deformed RTR and CR Cu alloy samples. Both discontinuous SRX (DSRX) and continuous SRX (CSRX) were responsible for the nucleation of small grains at RT. Particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) also contributed to small-grain formations around Cu2O particles in ETP Cu. However, no PSN was reported for the Cu-Fe-P and Cu-Sn-Mg alloys. The formation of strain localizations (SLs) and shear bands (SBs) was observed in the deformed Cu alloys; these sites were preferred for grain nucleation during RT recrystallization.