bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of meat, fish and seafood consumption with kidney function in middle-aged to older Chinese: a cross-sectional study based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Lu Ting Yu , Zhang Wei Sen , Zhu Tong , Jiang Chao Qiang , Zhu Feng , Jin Ya Li , Lam Tai Hing , Cheng Kar Keung , Xu Lin 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of red meat, poultry, fish and seafood and processed meat consumption with kidney function in middle-aged to older Chinese.DesignA cross-sectional study based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.SettingCommunity-based sample.Participants9768 participants (2743 men and 7025 women) aged 50+ years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from the Chinese-specific equation based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation (c-aGFR). eGFR derived from the original isotope-dilution mass spectrometry-traceable MDRD study equation, and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined as c-aGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2were considered the secondary outcomes.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, education, occupation, family income, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, daily energy intake, self-rated health and chronic disease history (diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia), compared with processed meat consumption of 0–1 portion/week, those who consumed ≥3 portions/week had lower c-aGFR (β=−2.74 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI=−4.28 to −1.20) and higher risk of prevalent CKD (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.09 to 1.80, p<0.0125). Regarding fish and seafood consumption, the associations varied by diabetes (p for interaction=0.02). Fish and seafood consumption of ≥11 portions/week, versus 0–3 portions/week, was non-significantly associated with higher c-aGFR (β=3.62 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI=−0.06 to 7.30) in participants with diabetes, but was associated with lower c-aGFR in normoglycaemic participants (β=−1.51 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI=−2.81 to −0.20). No significant associations of red meat or poultry consumption with c-aGFR nor prevalent CKD were found. Similar results were found for meat, fish and seafood consumption with eGFR.ConclusionsHigher processed meat, fish and seafood consumption was associated with lower kidney function in normoglycaemic participants. However, the associations in participants with diabetes warrant further investigation.
Health service needs and perspectives of a rainforest conserving community in Papua New Guinea’s Ramu lowlands: a combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessment with parallel treatment of urgent cases
Authors: Middleton Jo , Colthart Gavin , Dem Francesca , Elkins Alice , Fairhead James , Hazell Richard J , Head Michael G , Inacio Joao , Jimbudo Mavis , Jones Christopher Iain , Laman Moses , MacGregor Hayley , Novotny Vojtech , Peck Mika , Philip Jonah , Paliau Jason , Pomat William , Stockdale Jessica A , Sui Shen , Stewart Alan J , Umari Ruma , Walker Stephen L , Cassell Jackie A 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesDetermine community needs and perspectives as part of planning health service incorporation into Wanang Conservation Area, in support of locally driven sustainable development.DesignClinical and rapid anthropological assessment (individual primary care assessments, key informant (KI) interviews, focus groups (FGs), ethnography) with treatment of urgent cases.SettingWanang (pop. c189), a rainforest community in Madang province, Papua New Guinea.Participants129 villagers provided medical histories (54 females (f), 75 males (m); median 19 years, range 1 month to 73 years), 113 had clinical assessments (51f, 62m; median 18 years, range 1 month to 73 years). 26 ≥18 years participated in sex-stratified and age-stratified FGs (f<40 years; m<40 years; f>40 years; m>40 years). Five KIs were interviewed (1f, 4m). Daily ethnographic fieldnotes were recorded.ResultsOf 113 examined, 11 were ‘well’ (a clinical impression based on declarations of no current illness, medical histories, conversation, no observed disease signs), 62 (30f, 32m) were treated urgently, 31 referred (15f, 16m), indicating considerable unmet need. FGs top-4 ranked health issues concorded with KI views, medical histories and clinical examinations. For example, ethnoclassifications of three ((A) ‘malaria’, (B) ‘sotwin’, (C) ‘grile’) translated to the five biomedical conditions diagnosed most ((A) malaria, 9 villagers; (B) upper respiratory infection, 25; lower respiratory infection, 10; tuberculosis, 9; (C) tinea imbricata, 15) and were highly represented in declared medical histories ((A) 75 participants, (B) 23, (C) 35). However, 29.2% of diagnoses (49/168) were limited to one or two people. Treatment approaches included plant medicines, stored pharmaceuticals, occasionally rituals. Travel to hospital/pharmacy was sometimes undertaken for severe/refractory disease. Service barriers included: no health patrols/accessible aid post, remote hospital, unfamiliarity with institutions and medicine costs. Service introduction priorities were: aid post, vaccinations, transport, perinatal/birth care and family planning.ConclusionsThis study enabled service planning and demonstrated a need sufficient to acquire funding to establish primary care. In doing so, it aided Wanang’s community to develop sustainably, without sacrificing their forest home.
iVY: protocol for a randomised clinical trial to test the effect of a technology-based intervention to improve virological suppression among young adults with HIV in the USA
Authors: Saberi Parya , Stoner Marie C D , McCuistian Caravella L , Balaban Celeste , Ming Kristin , Wagner Danielle , Chakraborty Bibhas , Smith Louis , Sukhija-Cohen Adam , Neilands Torsten B , Gruber Valerie A. , Johnson Mallory O 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionYoung adults with HIV (YWH) experience worse clinical outcomes than adults and have high rates of substance use (SU) and mental illness that impact their engagement in care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The intervention for Virologic Suppression in Youth (iVY) aims to address treatment engagement/adherence, mental health (MH) and SU in a tailored manner using a differentiated care approach that is youth friendly. Findings will provide information about the impact of iVY on HIV virological suppression, MH and SU among YWH who are disproportionately impacted by HIV and at elevated risk for poor health outcomes.Methods and analysisThe iVY study will test the effect of a technology-based intervention with differing levels of resource requirements (ie, financial and personnel time) in a randomised clinical trial with an adaptive treatment strategy among 200 YWH (18–29 years old). The primary outcome is HIV virological suppression measured via dried blood spot. This piloted and protocolised intervention combines: (1) brief weekly sessions with a counsellor via a video-chat platform (video-counselling) to discuss MH, SU, HIV care engagement/adherence and other barriers to care; and (2) a mobile health app to address barriers such as ART forgetfulness, and social isolation. iVY has the potential to address important, distinct and changing barriers to HIV care engagement (eg, MH, SU) to increase virological suppression among YWH at elevated risk for poor health outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study and its protocols have been approved by the University of California, San Francisco Institutional Review Board. Study staff will work with a Youth Advisory Panel to disseminate results to YWH, participants and the academic community.Trial registration numberNCT05877729.
Health and well-being of serving and ex-serving UK Armed Forces personnel: protocol for the fourth phase of a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sharp Marie-Louise , Jones Margaret , Leal Ray , Hull Lisa , Franchini Sofia , Molloy Niamh , Burdett Howard , Simms Amos , Parkes Steven , Leightley Daniel , Greenberg Neil , Murphy Dominic , MacManus Deirdre , Wessely Simon , Stevelink Sharon , Fear Nicola T 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThis is the fourth phase of a longitudinal cohort study (2022–2023) to investigate the health and well-being of UK serving (Regulars and Reservists) and ex-serving personnel (veterans) who served during the era of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. The cohort was established in 2003 and has collected data over three previous phases including Phase 1 (2004–2006), Phase 2 (2007–2009) and Phase 3 (2014–2016).Methods and analysisParticipants are eligible to take part if they completed the King’s Centre for Military Health Research Health and Wellbeing Cohort Study at Phase 3 (2014–2016) and consented to be recontacted (N=7608). Participants will be recruited through email, post and text message to complete an online or paper questionnaire. Data are being collected between January 2022 and September 2023. Health and well-being measures include measures used in previous phases that assess common mental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol misuse. Other areas of interest assess employment, help-seeking and family relationships. New topics include the impact of the British withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, complex PTSD (C-PTSD), illicit drug use, gambling and loneliness. Analyses will describe the effect size between groups deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan or not deployed, and those who are currently in service versus ex-service personnel, respectively, reporting prevalences with 95% CIs, and ORs with 95% CI. Multivariable logistic and multiple linear regression analyses will be conducted to assess various health and well-being outcomes and associations with risk and protective factors.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 2061/MODREC/21). Participants are provided with information and agree to a series of consent statements before taking part. Findings will be disseminated to UK Armed Forces stakeholders and international research institutions through stakeholder meetings, project reports and scientific publications.
Identification of molecular subphenotypes in two cohorts of paediatric ARDS
Authors: Yehya Nadir , Zinter Matt S , Thompson Jill M , Lim Michelle J , Hanudel Mark R , Alkhouli Mustafa F , Wong Hector , Alder Matthew N , McKeone Daniel J , Halstead E Scott , Sinha Pratik , Sapru Anil 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundTwo subphenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoinflammatory and hyperinflammatory, have been reported in adults and in a single paediatric cohort. The relevance of these subphenotypes in paediatrics requires further investigation. We aimed to identify subphenotypes in two large observational cohorts of paediatric ARDS and assess their congruence with prior descriptions.MethodsWe performed latent class analysis (LCA) separately on two cohorts using biomarkers as inputs. Subphenotypes were compared on clinical characteristics and outcomes. Finally, we assessed overlap with adult cohorts using parsimonious classifiers.FindingsIn two cohorts from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (n=333) and from a multicentre study based at the University of California San Francisco (n=293), LCA identified two subphenotypes defined by differential elevation of biomarkers reflecting inflammation and endotheliopathy. In both cohorts, hyperinflammatory subjects had greater illness severity, more sepsis and higher mortality (41% and 28% in hyperinflammatory vs 11% and 7% in hypoinflammatory). Both cohorts demonstrated overlap with adult subphenotypes when assessed using parsimonious classifiers.InterpretationWe identified hypoinflammatory and hyperinflammatory subphenotypes of paediatric ARDS from two separate cohorts with utility for prognostic and potentially predictive, enrichment. Future paediatric ARDS trials should identify and leverage biomarker-defined subphenotypes in their analysis.
Two instabilities of Schwarzschild-AdS black holes in Einstein–Weyl-scalar theory
Authors: Myung Yun Soo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStability of Schwarzschild-AdS (SAdS) black hole is investigated in Einstein–Weyl-scalar (EWS) theory with a negative cosmological constant. Here, we introduce a quadratic scalar coupling to the Weyl term, instead of the Gauss–Bonnet term. The linearized EWS theory admits the Lichnerowicz equation for Einstein tensor as well as scalar equation. The linearized Einstein-tensor carries with a regular mass term ($${{\mathcal {M}}}^2$$

M

2

), whereas the linearized scalar has a tachyonic mass term ($$-3r_0^2/m^2r^6$$

-
3

r
0
2

/

m
2

r
6

). Two instabilities of SAdS black hole in EWS theory are found as Gregory–Laflamme and tachyonic instabilities. It shows that the correlated stability conjecture holds for small SAdS black holes obtained from EWS theory by establishing a close relation between Gregory–Laflamme and thermodynamic instabilities. On the other hand, tachyonic instability of SAdS black hole can be used for making five branches of scalarized black holes when considering proper thermodynamic quantities of EWS theory ($${{\mathcal {M}}}^2>0$$

M

2

>
0

).
The structure of segregation in co-authorship networks and its impact on scientific production
Authors: Jaramillo Ana Maria , Williams Hywel T. P. , Perra Nicola , Menezes Ronaldo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCo-authorship networks, where nodes represent authors and edges represent co-authorship relations, are key to understanding the production and diffusion of knowledge in academia. Social constructs, biases (implicit and explicit), and constraints (e.g. spatial, temporal) affect who works with whom and cause co-authorship networks to organise into tight communities with different levels of segregation. We aim to examine aspects of the co-authorship network structure that lead to segregation and its impact on scientific production. We measure segregation using the Spectral Segregation Index (SSI) and find four ordered categories: completely segregated, highly segregated, moderately segregated and non-segregated communities. We direct our attention to the non-segregated and highly segregated communities, quantifying and comparing their structural topologies and k-core positions. When considering communities of both categories (controlling for size), our results show no differences in density and clustering but substantial variability in the core position. Larger non-segregated communities are more likely to occupy cores near the network nucleus, while the highly segregated ones tend to be closer to the network periphery. Finally, we analyse differences in citations gained by researchers within communities of different segregation categories. Researchers in highly segregated communities get more citations from their community members in middle cores and gain more citations per publication in middle/periphery cores. Those in non-segregated communities get more citations per publication in the nucleus. To our knowledge, this work is the first to characterise community segregation in co-authorship networks and investigate the relationship between community segregation and author citations. Our results help study highly segregated communities of scientific co-authors and can pave the way for intervention strategies to improve the growth and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Exposing influence campaigns in the age of LLMs: a behavioral-based AI approach to detecting state-sponsored trolls
Authors: Ezzeddine Fatima , Ayoub Omran , Giordano Silvia , Nogara Gianluca , Sbeity Ihab , Ferrara Emilio , Luceri Luca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe detection of state-sponsored trolls operating in influence campaigns on social media is a critical and unsolved challenge for the research community, which has significant implications beyond the online realm. To address this challenge, we propose a new AI-based solution that identifies troll accounts solely through behavioral cues associated with their sequences of sharing activity, encompassing both their actions and the feedback they receive from others. Our approach does not incorporate any textual content shared and consists of two steps: First, we leverage an LSTM-based classifier to determine whether account sequences belong to a state-sponsored troll or an organic, legitimate user. Second, we employ the classified sequences to calculate a metric named the “Troll Score”, quantifying the degree to which an account exhibits troll-like behavior. To assess the effectiveness of our method, we examine its performance in the context of the 2016 Russian interference campaign during the U.S. Presidential election. Our experiments yield compelling results, demonstrating that our approach can identify account sequences with an AUC close to 99% and accurately differentiate between Russian trolls and organic users with an AUC of 91%. Notably, our behavioral-based approach holds a significant advantage in the ever-evolving landscape, where textual and linguistic properties can be easily mimicked by Large Language Models (LLMs): In contrast to existing language-based techniques, it relies on more challenging-to-replicate behavioral cues, ensuring greater resilience in identifying influence campaigns, especially given the potential increase in the usage of LLMs for generating inauthentic content. Finally, we assessed the generalizability of our solution to various entities driving different information operations and found promising results that will guide future research.
A quasi-steady numerical modeling of wake capture for a hovering flapping wing
Authors: Zaree Amir Hossein , Djavareshkian Mohammad Hassan 
Published: October 2023

In this study, models for the wake capture lift and drag force coefficients of a hovering flapping wing were presented using numerical fluid dynamics simulation to improve the blade element theory. The investigated wing is inspired by the fruit fly and has combined flapping and pitching movements. The effect of changing the wing acceleration time at the start ([Formula: see text]) and end of the half cycle ([Formula: see text]), as well as the Reynolds numbers in the range of 136–6800, on wake capture using the Taguchi orthogonal array test design, is investigated using the numerical fluid dynamics method, and the values of average lift and drag coefficients due to wake capture are obtained. These force coefficients were applied to linear and nonlinear regression methods to obtain the mathematical model, and a model for its changes was extracted. Finally, to obtain the instantaneous coefficients, the extracted models were placed in the normal distribution function, and the final instantaneous model was obtained. Examining the verification cases of the application of these wake capture relationships with the blade element theory, as well as the effects of translational force, rotational force and added mass force, revealed that this developed theory is capable of correctly predicting the wake capture force’s initial peak. The force coefficient trend in the final quasi-steady model with wake capture is similar to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, according to a qualitative examination of the lift and drag force coefficients in a half cycle. This demonstrates a significant result: this theory, which is divided into four parts: transnational, rotational, added mass and wake capture, adequately covers the general physics of these complex movements.
Labeling Chaos to Learning Harmony: Federated Learning with Noisy Labels
Authors: Tsouvalas Vasileios , Saeed Aaqib , Ozcelebi Tanir , Meratnia Nirvana 
Published: October 2023

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that enables learning models from decentralized private datasets where the labeling effort is entrusted to the clients. While most existing FL approaches assume high-quality labels are readily available on users’ devices, in reality, label noise can naturally occur in FL and is closely related to clients’ characteristics. Due to scarcity of available data and significant label noise variations among clients in FL, existing state-of-the-art centralized approaches exhibit unsatisfactory performance, whereas prior FL studies rely on excessive on-device computational schemes or additional clean data available on the server. We propose
FedLN
, a framework to deal with label noise across different FL training stages, namely FL initialization, on-device model training, and server model aggregation, able to accommodate the diverse computational capabilities of devices in an FL system. Specifically,
FedLN
computes per-client noise level estimation in a single federated round and improves the models’ performance by either correcting or mitigating the effect of noisy samples. Our evaluation on various publicly available vision and audio datasets demonstrates a 22% improvement on average compared to other existing methods for a label noise level of 60%. We further validate the efficiency of
FedLN
in human-annotated real-world noisy datasets and report a 4.8% increase on average in models’ recognition performance, highlighting that
FedLN
can be useful for improving FL services provided to everyday users.
Comprehensive Single-Cell Immune Profiling Defines the Patient Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment Following Oncolytic Virus Therapy in a Phase Ib Trial
Authors: Nawrocki Steffan T. , Olea Julian , Villa Celi Claudia , Dadrastoussi Homa , Wu Kaijin , Tsao-Wei Denice , Colombo Anthony , Coffey Matt , Fernandez Hernandez Eduardo , Chen Xuelian , Nuovo Gerard J. , Carew Jennifer S. , Mohrbacher Ann F. , Fields Paul , Kuhn Peter , Siddiqi Imran , Merchant Akil , Kelly Kevin R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Our preclinical studies showed that the oncolytic reovirus formulation pelareorep (PELA) has significant immunomodulatory anti-myeloma activity. We conducted an investigator-initiated clinical trial to evaluate PELA in combination with dexamethasone (Dex) and bortezomib (BZ) and define the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) in patients with multiple myeloma treated with this regimen.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (n = 14) were enrolled in a phase Ib clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02514382) of three escalating PELA doses administered on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. Patients received 40 mg Dex and 1.5 mg/m2 BZ on Days 1, 8, and 15. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. Pre- and posttreatment bone marrow specimens (IHC, n = 9; imaging mass cytometry, n = 6) and peripheral blood samples were collected for analysis (flow cytometry, n = 5; T-cell receptor clonality, n = 7; cytokine assay, n = 7).

Results:
PELA/BZ/Dex was well-tolerated in all patients. Treatment-emergent toxicities were transient, and no dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Six (55%) of 11 response-evaluable patients showed decreased paraprotein. Treatment increased T and natural killer cell activation, inflammatory cytokine release, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in bone marrow. Compared with nonresponders, responders had higher reovirus protein levels, increased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration posttreatment, cytotoxic T cells in significantly closer proximity to multiple myeloma cells, and larger populations of a novel immune-primed multiple myeloma phenotype (CD138+ IDO1+HLA-ABCHigh), indicating immunomodulation.

Conclusions:
PELA/BZ/Dex is well-tolerated and associated with anti–multiple myeloma activity in a subset of responding patients, characterized by immune reprogramming and TiME changes, warranting further investigation of PELA as an immunomodulator.