bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Reliability and Validity Test of the Questionnaire on the Maintenance of Intravenous Catheter in ICU Nurses' Center
Authors: Cheng Feng , Fu Hong , Yang Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo compile a questionnaire Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of ICU nurses on central venous catheter maintenance and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.DesignCompile a questionnaire, conduct a questionnaire survey and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.MethodsThe initial questionnaire was formed based on the theory of KAP, combined with literature review and Delphi expert correspondence method; a questionnaire survey was conducted among 334 ICU nurses in five tertiary hospitals, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested and a formal questionnaire was compiled.ResultsThe ICU nurses' CVC maintenance KAP questionnaire included 31 items in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and behaviour. The item content validity (I‐CVI) and questionnaire content validity (S‐CVI) were 0.889 ~ 1.000 and 0.974, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis extracts three common factors (dimensions), the cumulative variance contribution rate is 65.656%, the Cronbach'α coefficient of the total questionnaire is 0.843, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the three dimensions of KAP are 0.754, 0.887 and 0.940, respectively. The split‐half reliability is 0.816. The test–retest reliability of the total questionnaire is 0.813.ConclusionThe ICU nurses' CVC maintenance KAP questionnaire has good reliability and validity, stable results, comprehensive coverage, and high feasibility. It can be used as a measurement tool to evaluate the maintenance level of CVC for ICU nurses in China.No Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Observer‐Based Preview Sliding Mode Tracking Control of Discrete‐Time T‐S Fuzzy System With Input Saturation
Authors: Qin Xianghui , Ren Junchao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the observer‐based sliding mode tracking problem of the discrete‐time fuzzy system with input saturation via a previewable information approach. Firstly, an augmented system (AS) containing discrete‐time integrators and previewable reference signals is established for the discrete‐time T‐S fuzzy system based on a previewable length. Secondly, a sliding surface and a sliding preview controller are given, which can guarantee the asymptotic stability of the quasi‐sliding motion and the reachability of the sliding region. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
Strengthening work requirements? Forecasting impacts of reforming cash assistance rules
Authors: Nadal‐Fernandez Josep M. , Pepin Gabrielle , Schrader Kane 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWork requirements are perhaps the most controversial aspect of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, America's sole federal cash assistance program for low‐income families with children. In 2025, for the first time in nearly 20 years, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (FRA) will implement policy changes intended to strengthen states’ work requirements. However, researchers’ and policymakers’ understanding of how FRA will impact states’ compliance with federal requirements is hampered by a lack of research and publicly available data. We tie information from reports submitted to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that we collected to administrative caseload and expenditure data to document several strategies that states currently use to comply with federal work requirements. We estimate that FRA will increase the stringency of work requirements in 23 states and that five states will begin to fall short of requirements. We note that several compliance strategies available to these states do not encourage work. We discuss changes to states’ work requirements that would promote better long‐term economic and labor market outcomes for TANF recipients.
Effect of NiO Nanofiller on P(VdC‐Co‐AN) With PEG Polymer Blend Electrolyte for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Vijaya B. , Usha Rani M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSolid‐state polymer electrolytes with safety and high energy density are promising novel options for energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the low ionic conductivity and limited mobility of lithium ions at room temperature have significantly impeded their practical application. A flexible composite polymer electrolyte was fabricated using a solution casting method. This electrolyte consisted of a polymer blend of poly (vinylidene chloride‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PVdC‐co‐AN) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), incorporated with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as salt, propylene carbonate (PC) as plasticizer, and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles as filler. The electrolyte is prepared by the various concentrations of NiO nanoparticles (Nps) (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%). The prepared NiO is confirmed by the XRD analysis, and the incorporation of NiO in the polymer blend also determined. The polymer salt plasticizer and filler interactions are confirmed by the FTIR analysis. At room temperature, the sample containing 15% of NiO has a high ionic conductivity value of up to 10−3 S cm−1. The electrochemical and also thermal stability of this electrolyte is achieved at 4.8 V and 312°C. The mechanical stability is enhanced up to 29 MPa. The remarkable performance enhancement is attributed to the incorporation of NiO, which facilitated improved ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, and compatibility for energy storage applications.
Novel microbial technologies for optimizing maize plant–soil systems: the multifunctional strain Enterobacter sp. ES1
Authors: Xiao Yufeng , Dong Meiqi , Wang Siya , Yang Bingbing , Tian Bowen , Han Zhe , Wu Xian , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, a new microbial technology has emerged to optimize maize field productivity and soil health. This is crucial because of the adverse effects of pesticide contamination and diseases on maize yields.RESULTSEnterobacter sp. ES1, a multifunctional strain, effectively degraded 93.09% of nicosulfuron within 4 days. Optimal degradation occurred at 35 °C and pH 6.0, with 4% inoculum and 20 mg L−1 nicosulfuron. Strain ES1 could fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorus and potassium. It also detoxified potassium and produced chrome azurol S and indole‐3‐acetic acid. Moreover, it promoted rapid maize seed germination, induced resistance to northern maize leaf blight, and up‐regulated maize genes ZmOPR2, ZmPR5, ZmHPL, ZmOX10, ZmPAL, ZmPR1, ZmAOS, and ZmCTR1. Strain ES1R‐gfp, prepared using green fluorescent protein and antibiotic domestication methods, functioned as a bacterial fertilizer with 31.04% sawdust, 32.96% straw, and 12.15% biochar, exhibiting a degradation rate of 99.65%.CONCLUSIONThe novel microbial technology of the multifunctional strain ES1 was verified through a pot experiment assessing nicosulfuron concentration and plant and soil indices, thereby providing a foundation for optimizing maize field restoration. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Establishment of pupal color as a screening marker and activity analysis of six U6 promoters in Zeugodacus cucurbitae using the white pupae gene
Authors: Fan Zizhen , Wu Yan , Zha Xuezong , Ma Siya , Ma Lujie , Liang Lei , Lin Xianwu , Yan Rihui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe genetic control method, which is environmentally friendly and species‐specific, has effectively reduced or eliminated pests in many areas. One essential requirement to control a species is the identification of its genetic and molecular elements. Such elements, however, are rarely available in Zeugodacus cucurbitae, a very destructive insect pest worldwide.RESULTSIn this study, we knocked out the white pupae (wp) gene in Z. cucurbitae and generated a wp(−) strain, which has a white pupae phenotype. The white puparium color was successfully restored to brown by inserting the wp gene rescue allele into the genome of the wp(−) strain using piggyBac transgenic technology. The potential wp promoter was then truncated to drive the expression of the wp gene and the puparium color was rescued even by the 605 bp sequence upstream of its transcription initiation site. Further fertility tests showed that knocking out or rescuing the wp gene had no effect on the reproduction of adult flies. In addition, we identified six U6 promoters and tested their promoter activities in the embryos of Z. cucurbitae. The ZcU6‐2 and ZcU6‐1 promoters exhibited significantly higher activity than the others and are suitable for use in CRISPR technology‐based genetic control methods.CONCLUSIONOur work first shows the success of applying piggyBac transgenic technology in Z. cucurbitae. Our results demonstrate a highly efficient transgenic screening marker by puparium color and the promoter activity of multiple ZcU6 promoters, facilitating the construction of transgenic strains that are used for genetic control of tephritid species. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Potassium Methyl Silicate/MnO2 Composite for the Rapid Removal of Dyes from Water
Authors: Li Jing , Hu Xin , Li Ting , Xue Lihong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDye wastewater causes significant harm to the environment and human health. Adsorption is one of the most effective technologies for treating dye wastewater owing to its straightforward operation, strong applicability, and low cost. However, traditional adsorbents have drawbacks, including complicated preparation processes, low adsorption capacity, and challenges with separation, recovery, and regeneration, which fail to meet practical application requirements. Therefore, the development of adsorbents with high adsorption capacity, easy separation, and reusability is urgently required for the treatment of dye‐contaminated wastewater. Potassium methyl silicate (PMS)@MnO2 complex particles (PMS@MnO2) were successfully synthesized by adding a PMS solution to a potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution at a molar ratio of PMS to MnO2 of 1:1. The PMS@MnO2 complex is rich in functional groups and exhibits good hydrophobicity. The PMS@MnO2 complex particles demonstrated excellent adsorptive capacity (989.1 mg/g) for methylene blue (MB) with rapid degradation, achieving over 75% of their adsorptive capacity within 5 min. The adsorption process was found to be pH‐responsive and exothermic. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, the negative charges in the oxygen‐containing groups on PMS@MnO2 combine with the positive charges in the nitrogen atoms of MB via electrostatic forces. However, under acidic conditions, MB was adsorbed via hydrogen bonding and n‐π interaction between MB and PMS@MnO2. The spent adsorbent was reused for at least five cycles.
rGO‐Modified ZnO‐TiO2 Nanohybrids as Promising Antibacterial Agents for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ghodake Vijay S. , Koyale Pramod A. , Delekar Sagar D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores the synergistic antibacterial activity of ZnO nanorods (NRs) decorated with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO NSs). ZnO NRs and binary ZnO‐TiO₂ nanocomposites (ZT NCs) with varying TiO₂ content were synthesized using an in situ sol–gel method and subsequently modified with different amounts of rGO NSs. The nanocomposites were characterized using advanced techniques to assess their structure and antibacterial performance. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the dominance of the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) confirmed interconnectivity. A slight red shift in UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicated changes in optical properties, and BET analysis showed an increase in surface area and pore volume due to rGO incorporation. The ternary ZT‐rGO (ZTR) NCs, particularly ZTR 4 (with 4 wt% rGO), exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. ZTR 4 showed enhanced efficacy against both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as Candida albicans. The results highlight the synergistic effects of ZTR NCs, making them promising candidates for applications in biomedical and environmental fields as effective antibacterial agents.
Structural Optimization of NVP/C Composites by an Advanced Two‐Step Spray Technique for High Energy Density and Long‐Life Symmetric Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ra Yejin , Kim Ju Hyeong , Jung Dae Soo , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSodium superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) has emerged as a pivotal cathode material for the development of high‐durability sodium‐ion batteries, owing to its distinctive 3D open framework and exceptional chemical stability. Enhancing the electrochemical performance of NVP through the incorporation of conductive materials and precise control of the pore structure requires refining and optimizing the synthesis methodologies. In this study, robust NVP composites combined with dextrin‐derived carbon (D‐NVP/Dex) and carbon nanotubes (D‐NVP/CNT) are developed with stable cycling characteristics and high energy densities, exhibiting high capacities of 99.0 and 93.0 mA h g−1, respectively, at 1.0 C after the 300 cycles, via a two‐step synthesis approach utilizing spray techniques. These structural features, including the conformal carbon layer encapsulating the NVP particles and the connections formed through CNT networks, are validated to enhance their electrical and ionic conductivities, as demonstrated by evaluations of both half‐cell and symmetric full‐cell configurations. Specifically, symmetric D‐NVP/Dex||D‐NVP/Dex and D‐NVP/Dex||P‐NVP sodium‐ion batteries exhibit excellent cyclability, achieving capacities of 46.5 and 49.0 mA h g−1, respectively, after 150 cycles at 0.5 C.
Flexible Optical Fiber Sensor for Non‐Invasive Continuous Monitoring of Human Physiological Signals
Authors: Yu Qi , Zhang Ya‐nan , Jiang Lingxiao , Li Linqian , Li Xuegang , Zhao Jian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith increasing health awareness, monitoring human physiological signals for health status and disease prevention has become crucial. Non‐invasive flexible wearable devices address issues like invasiveness, inconvenience, size, and continuous monitoring challenges in traditional devices. Among flexible sensors, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) stand out due to their excellent biocompatibility, anti‐electromagnetic interference capabilities, and ability to monitor multiple signals simultaneously. This paper reviews the application of flexible optical fiber sensing technology (OFST) in monitoring human lung function, cardiovascular function, body parameters, motor function, and various physiological signals. It emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring in personal health management, clinical settings, sports training, and emergency response. The review discusses challenges in OFST for continuous health signal monitoring and envisions its significant potential for future development. This technology underscores the importance of constant health signal monitoring and highlights the advantages and prospects of optical fiber sensing. Innovations in OFS for non‐invasive continuous monitoring of physiological signals hold profound implications for materials science, sensing technology, and biomedicine.
Rational Design and Visualization of Multifunctional Phenothiazine‐Based Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Better Interface Contact in High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Nisa Qurrotun Ayuni Khoirun , Nasrun Rahmatia Fitri Binti , Kim Joo Hyun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInterfacial modification using self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is crucial for defect passivation and energy level alignment in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet scaling SAMs remains a challenge. Organic SAMs are often too thin for large‐area homogeneous layers through spin‐coating and their hydrophobic nature complicates solution‐based perovskite fabrication, hindering uniform film formation. This study introduces SAM based on phenothiazine core that involves synergistic co‐adsorption of a hydrophilic phosphonic acid with phenothiazine core unit for use as a hole transport layer in p‐i‐n PSCs. The PTZ‐PA SAM improves film formation, energy alignment, and hole extraction, achieving a power conversion efficiency above 23.2%. It also maintains stable performance for over 500 h under continuous illumination, indicating its potential for durable PSCs. PTZ‐PA increases surface energy, overcoming non‐wetting issues and enabling the formation of high‐quality perovskite films with improved morphology and crystallinity. The phosphonic acid group coordinates with lead iodide in the perovskite, enhancing electronic charge transfer and mechanical absorption, which facilitates effective p‐type charge‐selective contacts.
Differentiation in Dutch Secondary EFL Education: Used Strategies and Identified Challenges
Authors: Roiha Anssi , Janse Carina , Kreuh Nives , Polso Jerker 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article explores secondary English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' differentiation practices in the Netherlands. We used the five‐dimensional (5D) model of differentiation) as an analytical framework in the study. Additionally, we sought to identify the main challenges of differentiation in Dutch EFL teaching. We collected the data through a questionnaire (n = 52) and individual theme interviews (n = 3). We analyzed the quantitative data through descriptive statistics and subjected the qualitative data to content analysis. The results revealed that overall the teachers' differentiation was at a moderate or low rate. The most common dimensions for differentiation were assessment, teaching methods, and support materials. Learning environment and teaching arrangements were the least employed differentiation dimensions. The most significant challenges for differentiation were large class sizes and lack of time and resources. The results of this study give preliminary indications that differentiation should be implemented more in Dutch secondary EFL teaching and addressed in more depth already in pre‐service teacher education. Moreover, based on this study, Dutch EFL teachers would need more resources to differentiate their teaching in a more profound manner. The results of this study have implications for EFL teaching also in other contexts.
India's Coal Conundrum: Decarbonization Amidst A Developmental Legacy
Authors: Chandra Rohit , Pai Sandeep , Nayak Suravee , Devagudi Sree Harica 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIndia's energy system is facing two opposing pulls at the moment. On the one hand, there is remarkable momentum regarding the new, green energy economy and various, policy measures have been put in place to encourage the growth of renewable energy, green hydrogen, energy efficiency technologies and more. On the other hand, India's coal economy is still growing; while its growth has slowed, new coal power plants are still under construction, new coal mines are still being opened, and coal‐based power generation still accounts for over 65% of power generated in the country, a stock which will take decades to reduce. Perhaps more importantly, there are entire regions of the country whose economic dependence on coal runs much deeper than just the associated formal employment and energy sector spending that is usually discussed in high level energy system conversations. This review will cover the embeddedness of coal in social, economic and political life in India, and some of the developmental opportunities that have emerged as decarbonization and energy transition/just transition conversations have started entering domestic policy discourse. Through a more comprehensive engagement with labor concerns, financial dependencies, and India's engagement with global just transition conversations, this review establishes the state of coal debates in India. It concludes with a forward‐looking perspective on how a deeper engagement with regional political economy, states' interests, and coal dependencies can lead to a more constructive conversation around long‐term decarbonization.
Dual‐acting mechanism of microbial corrosion inhibition by ginger extract against nitrate‐reducing bacteria in a nutrient‐deficient environment
Authors: Lakshmi Amaravathi Nagendra , Pasupulety Lata , Zaki Mohamed Ibrahim , Bhuyan Angira Devi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the efficacy of ginger extract (GE) as a green corrosion inhibitor in the petrochemical industry, specifically targeting microbial corrosion in carbon steel pipes utilized for river water coolant systems. The nutrient‐deficient conditions coupled with the presence of nitrate‐reducing bacteria (NRB) within these pipelines facilitate microbiologically influenced corrosion, wherein bacteria directly interact with the metal to harvest electrons for metabolic processes. Our findings indicate that GE inhibits microbial corrosion through dual mechanisms: significantly reducing biofilm formation and adsorbing onto the metal surface.Biofilm inhibition was assessed through both qualitative and quantitative assessments, employing light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to visualize and confirm the suppression of biofilm development by NRB in the presence of GE. Electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements, demonstrated that GE achieved an inhibition efficiency nearing 95%. Further analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and adsorption studies corroborated the effective adsorption of GE on carbon steel, highlighting the importance of concentration and immersion time in performance outcomes. Notably, elevated concentrations of GE were found to enhance inhibitory effects, with a 7‐day exposure period yielding optimal surface coverage. These results establish GE as a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for mitigating microbial corrosion in industrial applications.Practitioner Points
The presence of nitrate‐reducing bacteria (NRB) and a nutrient‐starved environment are commonplace in the coolant pipes carrying water and can cause severe damage to carbon steel pipes.
Ginger extract (GE), an inexpensive green corrosion inhibitor, can be a potent microbial corrosion inhibitor in petrochemical industries.
The high efficiency (95%), achieved with ginger extract (GE), is due to its dual‐acting mechanism:
It inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of carbon steel by providing a non‐conducive environment for bacterial growth.
The components of GE get adsorbed over the surface of carbon steel and hence prevent bacterial attachment.

An optimal concentration of 0.5 g/L GE was required to exhibit high efficiency (95%), which can be achieved on 7 days of exposure of carbon steel to GE, in the presence of NRB in a nutrient‐starved environment.