bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Publication Trends and Research Hotspots of the Immune System
and Osteoporosis: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis from 2012 to
2022
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Dou Yaoxing , Liang Guihong , Huang Hetao , Hong Kunhao , Yang Weiyi , Zhou Guanghui , Sha Bangxin , Liu Jun , Zeng Lingfeng 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone metabolism disorder in which the
immune system and bone metabolism interact.

Objective::
The purpose of this study was to explore the research status, hot spots and trends regarding
the influence of the immune system on OP and to provide a basis for research directions
and applications in this field.

Methods::
We searched and collected literature about the immune system and OP published
from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection database. All the included studies
were subjected to bibliometrics analysis using Hiplot Pro, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software
to produce statistics and visual analyses of the literature output, countries, institutions, authors,
keywords and journals.

Results::
A total of 1201 papers were included, and the number of citations of these articles
reached 31,776. The number of publications and citations on the immune system and OP has
increased year by year. The top three countries with the greatest number of papers published
were China, the United States of America (USA) and Italy. The two institutions with the largest
number of papers published were Sichuan University and Soochow University, both located in
China. De Martinis Massimo (Italy) and Ginaldi Lia (Italy) are prolific authors in this field. The
representative academic journals are Osteoporosis International, Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, PloS One and Bone. The results of the keyword cooccurrence
analysis showed that the research topics in this field mainly focused on T cells, cytokines,
signaling pathways, vitamin D, postmenopausal OP and immune diseases. The keyword
burst results showed that zoledronic acid, chain fatty acids and gut microbiota are the frontiers
and trends of future research on this topic.

Conclusion::
The influence of the immune system on OP has been widely studied, and the current
research in this field focuses on the effect or mechanism of immune-related cytokines, signaling
pathways and vitamin D on OP. Future research trends in this field should focus on the
immune regulation mechanism and clinical transformation of zoledronic acid, chain fatty acids
and the gut microbiota in OP.
Eco-friendly Synthesis of Indole Conjugated Chromeno[d]Pyrimidines as
Anti-cancer Agents and their Molecular Modelling Studies
Authors: Raju Datla Venkata Rama Krishnam , Jha Anjali 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Many medicinally active new chemical entities depend on indole conjugated
chromeno[d]pyrimidine derivatives as a building block. The synthesis of 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3,4-
dihydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione 4 were achieved in the current study by treating 4-
hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one 1, indole aldehydes 2, and urea/thiourea 3 in the presence of L-proline.

Methods:
By adopting the above protocol, we were able to synthesize eight compounds, i.e. 4-(1Hindol-
3-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2,5-diones (4a-4h), in the presence of Lproline
as a catalyst in ethanol as solvent for 2-3 hours at 70-75°C with decent yields of 80-85%, and
their structures were ascertained by various spectral techniques. They were further screened for their
potentiality to inhibit cancer growth in HepG2 and MDA-MD-231 cells.

Results:
The scope of the synthesis of biological relevant Indole conjugated Chromeno[
d]Pyrimidines by three-component reaction (MCRs) process was investigated. The most optimised
conditions obtained were 0.3 eq of L-proline for 2 hours at 70-75°C which gave the best yield
(85%). The few advantages of this newly developed method are excellent yields, no metal catalyst,
less toxic solvents, simple workup no chromatographic column purifications. On further screening
for their anticancer activities, out of all, the compound 4b displayed noteworthy cytotoxicity with
IC50 values of 8.1 and 9.2 μM against HepG2 and MDA-MD-231, respectively. Additionally, in silico
studies also supported that compound 4b had favourable binding energy (-7.8 kcal/mol) when compared
to the co-crystal ligand (LS5) in inhibiting the human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) protein.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have developed a simple, convenient, and efficient method for the
synthesis of structurally diverse indole conjugated chromeno[d]pyrimidine analogues in the presence
of L-proline as catalyst in ethanol as solvent with good yields. Further, the in vitro cytotoxic studies
against HepG2 and MDA-MD-231 cells demonstrated that the synthesized compounds had good to
reasonable activity, except for compound 4d.
The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) Model of OCD – A
Comprehensive Review of Current Findings and Implications for Future
Directions
Authors: Lazarov Amit , Liberman Nira , Dar Reuven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) model of obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD) explains symptoms of OCD as stemming from attenuated access to internal states, which is
compensated for by using proxies, which are indices of these states that are more discernible or less
ambiguous. Internal states in the SPIS model are subjective states that are not accessible to others, encompassing
physiological states, motivations, preferences, memories, and emotions. Compensatory
proxies in OCD include fixed rules and rituals as well as seeking and relying on external information.
In the present review, we outline the SPIS model and describe its basic tenets. We then use the SPIS
conceptualization to explain two pivotal OCD-related phenomena - obsessive doubt and compulsive
rituals. Next, we provide a detailed overview of current empirical evidence supporting the SPIS in
several domains, including physiological states, emotions, sense of understanding, decision-making,
and sense of agency. We conclude by discussing possible neural correlates of the difficulty in accessing
internal states, focusing on the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and highlighting potential clinical implications
of the model to the treatment of OCD.
Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction Therapies for Secondary
Prevention in Patients with Stroke: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Zheng Jun , Chen Yuqi , You Chao , Ma Lu 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Patients with previous strokes are at a higher risk of stroke recurrence. Current
guidelines recommend a range of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering treatments
to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. However, the optimal agent for decreasing LDL-C to lower
the risk of recurrent stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relative effects of various
LDL-C -lowering agents for secondary stroke prevention.

Methods:
Several databases were searched from inception up to 2022. Only randomized controlled trials
that compared different LDL-C-lowering agents in adult patients with previous strokes were included.
The primary endpoint was a recurrent stroke. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve
(SUCRA) was also applied to estimate the overall ranking probability of the treatment agents for each
outcome.

Results:
Overall, nine trials comprising 17,226 patients were included. Ezetimibe plus statins (RR:
0.56, 95% CrI: 0.35-0.87) and statins alone (RR: 0.90, 95% CrI: 0.81-1.00) reduced the risk of stroke
recurrence. Ezetimibe plus statins was superior to statins alone in decreasing the incidence of recurrent
stroke (RR: 0.62, 95% CrI: 0.39-0.95). However, treatment with statins was related to an increased
risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared to placebo (RR: 1.57, 95% CrI: 1.13-2.21). All agents were related
to a decreased incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusion:
Treatment with ezetimibe plus statins was suggested as the most efficacious in decreasing
the incidence of recurrent stroke. The analysis also revealed that statin monotherapy was related to
an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS SOCIO SCIENTIFIC ISSUES (SSI) TERHADAP LITERASI KESEHATAN SISWA
Authors: Isnaini Azizah Nur , Rahayu Tutiek 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran Biologi berbasis socio scientific issues (SSI) topik sistem reproduksi terhadap literasi kesehatan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-experiment yang melibatkan dua kelas masing-masing sebagai kelas eksperimen (E) dan kelas kontrol (C). Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran yang digunakan yaitu socio scientific issues (SSI) untuk kelas eksperimen dan metode pembelajaran cooperative learning STAD untuk kelas kontrol. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah kemampuan literasi kesehatan siswa. Variabel kontrol dalam penelitian ini adalah samanya pendidik, materi yang diajarkan, alokasi waktu pembelajaran, dan alat evaluasi yang digunakan pada kedua kelas. Data kemampuan literasi kesehatan siswa didapatkan dengan tes dalam bentuk soal uraian dan data keterlaksanaan pembelajaran didapatkan dengan lembar observasi yang telah divalidasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran berbasis socio scientific issues (SSI) terhadap kemampuan literasi kesehatan siswa adalah paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, normalitas gain, dan effect size. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Biologi berbasis socio scientific issues (SSI) topik sistem reproduksi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan literasi kesehatan siswa. Besar pengaruh pembelajaran SSI melalui uji normalitas gain sebesar 0,38 (sedang) dan uji effect size sebesar 2,122 (large effect).
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA MATERI SISTEM REGULASI DENGAN ORIENTASI HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SMA N 1 KROYA
Authors: Krisgiyanti Novita Ardian , Pratama Anggi Tias 
Published: October 2023

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas dari Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada Materi Sistem Regulasi dengan Orientasi Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik SMA N 1 Kroya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian research and development (RnD) dengan menggunakan model 4-D. Populasi penelitian merupakan seluruh peserta didik kelas XI MIPA di SMA Negeri 1 Kroya. Sampel penelitian yang diambil sebanyak satu kelas yaitu kelas XI MIPA 1 berjumlah 36 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar uji validitas, uji kepraktisan, dan uji keefektivan dengan menggunakan hasil pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dihasilkan produk berupa LKPD berbasis model PBL (Problem Based Learning). Hasil dari lembar validasi LKPD menunjukkan kriteria sangat valid dengan persentase 91,7%. Dinyatakan sangat praktis dengan persentase 86,25%. Kemudian dikatakan efektif dengan melihat hasil perolehan N-Gain yang dihitung menggunakan SPSS didapatkan kategori efektif 78,0667% dengan nilai mean pada N-Gain score 0,7807. Berdasarkan perolehan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning pada materi Sistem Regulasi dinyatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan sebagai alat bantu ajar biologi. Kata kunci: LKPD; problem based learning; sistem regulasi
Innovation Process and Industrial System of US Food and Drug Administration–Approved Software as a Medical Device: Review and Content Analysis
Authors: Yu Jiakan , Zhang Jiajie , Sengoku Shintaro 
Published: October 2023

Background
There has been a surge in academic and business interest in software as a medical device (SaMD). SaMD enables medical professionals to streamline existing medical practices and make innovative medical processes such as digital therapeutics a reality. Furthermore, SaMD is a billion-dollar market. However, SaMD is not clearly understood as a technological change and emerging industry.

Objective
This study aims to review the landscape of SaMD in response to increasing interest in SaMD within health systems and regulation. The objectives of the study are to (1) clarify the innovation process of SaMD, (2) identify the prevailing typology of such innovation, and (3) elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving the SaMD innovation process.

Methods
We collected product information on 581 US Food and Drug Administration–approved SaMDs from the OpenFDA website and 268 company profiles of the corresponding manufacturers from Crunchbase, Bloomberg, PichBook.com, and other company websites. In addition to assessing the metadata of SaMD, we used correspondence and business process analysis to assess the distribution of intended use and how SaMDs interact with other devices in the medical process.

Results
The current SaMD industry is highly concentrated in medical image processing and radiological analysis. Incumbents in the medical device industry currently lead the market and focus on incremental innovation, whereas new entrants, particularly startups, produce more disruptive innovation. We found that hardware medical device functions as a complementary asset for SaMD, whereas how SaMD interacts with the complementary asset differs according to its intended use. Based on these findings, we propose a regime map that illustrates the SaMD innovation process.

Conclusions
SaMD, as an industry, is nascent and dominated by incremental innovation. The innovation process of the present SaMD industry is shaped by data accessibility, which is key to building disruptive innovation.
Temporal Generalizability of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Postoperative Delirium Using Electronic Health Record Data: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Matsumoto Koutarou , Nohara Yasunobu , Sakaguchi Mikako , Takayama Yohei , Fukushige Syota , Soejima Hidehisa , Nakashima Naoki , Kamouchi Masahiro 
Published: October 2023

Background
Although machine learning models demonstrate significant potential in predicting postoperative delirium, the advantages of their implementation in real-world settings remain unclear and require a comparison with conventional models in practical applications.

Objective
The objective of this study was to validate the temporal generalizability of decision tree ensemble and sparse linear regression models for predicting delirium after surgery compared with that of the traditional logistic regression model.

Methods
The health record data of patients hospitalized at an advanced emergency and critical care medical center in Kumamoto, Japan, were collected electronically. We developed a decision tree ensemble model using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and a sparse linear regression model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. To evaluate the predictive performance of the model, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) to measure discrimination and the slope and intercept of the regression between predicted and observed probabilities to measure calibration. The Brier score was evaluated as an overall performance metric. We included 11,863 consecutive patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia between December 2017 and February 2022. The patients were divided into a derivation cohort before the COVID-19 pandemic and a validation cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to the confusion assessment method.

Results
A total of 6497 patients (68.5, SD 14.4 years, women n=2627, 40.4%) were included in the derivation cohort, and 5366 patients (67.8, SD 14.6 years, women n=2105, 39.2%) were included in the validation cohort. Regarding discrimination, the XGBoost model (AUROC 0.87-0.90 and MCC 0.34-0.44) did not significantly outperform the LASSO model (AUROC 0.86-0.89 and MCC 0.34-0.41). The logistic regression model (AUROC 0.84-0.88, MCC 0.33-0.40, slope 1.01-1.19, intercept –0.16 to 0.06, and Brier score 0.06-0.07), with 8 predictors (age, intensive care unit, neurosurgery, emergency admission, anesthesia time, BMI, blood loss during surgery, and use of an ambulance) achieved good predictive performance.

Conclusions
The XGBoost model did not significantly outperform the LASSO model in predicting postoperative delirium. Furthermore, a parsimonious logistic model with a few important predictors achieved comparable performance to machine learning models in predicting postoperative delirium.
Public perception of the myth in traditional objects at the Buka Luwur ceremony of the Sunan Kudus tomb
Authors: Nikmah Faridhatun 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the process of the Buka Luwur ceremony of the Holy Sunan Tomb and the public's perception of objects in the Buka Luwur ceremony of the Sunan Kudus tomb. This uses a qualitative method and describing data descriptively. The results of this study show that the procession of the Buka Luwurceremony of the tomb of Sunan Kudus is crossed on the 1st-10th of Muharam which is the recitation of the night of 1 Suro, the release of luwur, munadharah masail diniyah, Rosul prayers and papat flying, quranickhatamanbilghoib, orphan compensation, distribution of asyura porridge, recitation of qasidah Al-Barzanji, evening recitation of 10 Suro, distribution of brekat copies, the division of the shadaqahbrekat, the division of the general brekat, and the ceremony of installing the luwur of the Holy Sunan Tomb. In the procession of the Buka Luwur ceremony of the Tomb of Sunan Kudus, there is public belief in objects that are believed to have magical powers, including water used for sharpening or purifying Cinthakakris, used cloth from BukaLuwur, cicada rice, and asyura porridge, teak leaves, and blessing rice. It is believed that the community can bring blessings, facilitate rizki, cure diseases, fertilize plants, predict clothing and food in the coming year, and so on.
Evaluation of Glazing and Polishing Systems for Novel Chairside CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate and Virgilite Crowns
Authors: Jurado CA , Arndt K , Azpiazu-Flores FX , Faddoul F , França R , Fischer NG , Watanabe H 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glazing, two zirconia, and two lithium disilicate polishing systems on surface roughness of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and virgilite ceramic with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual assessment performed by dental students and faculty.

Methods and Materials
Sixty maxillary right central incisor crowns made of a novel chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and virgilite (CEREC Tessera) were milled for glazing and polishing. The crowns were divided into six groups: no polishing/glazing provided (NoP/G); glazed (GZ); glazed and polished with Brasseler Dialite LD Lithium Disilicate (DiLD); glazed and polished with Meisinger Luster Lithium Disilicate (LuLD); glazed and polished with Brasseler Dialite ZR Zirconia (DiZR); and glazed and polished with Meisinger Luster Zirconia (LuZR). Surfaces were scanned with AFM to measure roughness (Ra) and root mean square roughness (Rq) and generate micrographs. Crowns were visually assessed by 10 dental students and 10 dental school faculty members to determine clinical acceptableness.

Results
Glazing and all polishing kits significantly reduced Ra and Rq compared to no polishing/glazing. No significant Ra differences were found between glazing and all polishing kits (p&gt;0.05). DiZR significantly reduced Rq compared to other groups (p&lt;0.05). Visual assessment showed that GZ, LuLD, and DiZR were the most clinically acceptable crowns.

Conclusion
Polishing and glazing considerably improve the surface smoothness of maxillary central incisor crowns fabricated out of a chairside CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and virgilite ceramic. Altogether, zirconia polishing systems provided smoother and more clinically acceptable surfaces than the lithium disilicate kits.
Effect of Commercial Mouth Rinses on Physical Properties of Conventional and Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Derigi LP , Barros LS , Sugii MM , Turssi CP , França FMG , Basting RT , Vieira WF 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
To evaluate the effects of commercial mouth rinses on color, roughness, sorption (SR), and solubility (SL) of resin composites.

Methods and Materials
Disc-shaped specimens (stage I: 6 mm × 2 mm; stage II: 10 mm × 1.5 mm) were made from the following resin composites (n=10): conventional nanofilled (Filtek Z350XT, 3M Oral Care), conventional nanohybrid (Luna, SDI), bulk-fill nanofilled (Filtek One Bulk-Fill, 3M Oral Care), and bulk-fill nanohybrid (Aura Bulk-Fill, SDI) exposed to distilled water (control), blue mouth rinse without alcohol (Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint, Colgate-Palmolive), or blue mouth rinse with alcohol and essential oil (Listerine Tartar Control, Johnson & Johnson). In stage I, tests were performed at the baseline, and after the immersion in solution time points to evaluate coordinates of the CIEL*a*b* system (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*), general color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔSGU), and surface roughness (Ra). In stage II, SR and SL were evaluated (ISO 4049:2019) after immersion in the solutions for 7 days. The results were evaluated by generalized linear models (Ra, SR), Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests (color, SL), with α = 0.05.

Results
There were no significative differences for Ra between the solutions. Both mouth rinses promoted significantly negative ΔL* (Luna), Δa* (Filtek One Bulk-fill), and Δb* (all materials except conventional nanofilled resin composite). Mouth rinse without alcohol promoted significantly negative Δa* on all resin composites tested. Both mouth rinses promoted higher ΔEab and ΔE00 for bulk-fill resin composites compared to control. Mouth rinse with alcohol caused higher ΔSGU for bulk-fill nanofilled resin composite. It also promoted greater SR in all the resin composites compared with mouth rinse without alcohol and higher SR in nanohybrid resin composites compared with control. Both mouth rinses promoted higher SL values in Luna and differed significantly from control.

Conclusions
The physical properties were manufacturer dependent and mediated by mouth rinses. The mouth rinses promoted color changes in the resin composites, pointing out that bulk-fill resin composites were more affected by these effects, especially when the mouth rinse contained essential oil and alcohol.