bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLAR KETTLE FOR MILITARY APPLICATION
Authors: ABDULRAUF A. IBRAHIM  , LAWAL I. ATIKU  
Published: February 2025

The need for auxiliary military hardware to sustain the wellbeing of the personnel’s during combat and to boost local technological development in the face expanding and growing level sophistication of military operations and to cut down on cost of military expenditure due to high cut of imported military hardware and equipment. As such innovation in solar heating system are being sought to achieve higher level of adaptation, flexibility and reliability for efficient military operation. In overcoming this challenges, there is need to pursue the development of solar kettle as heating device for military application using indigenous technological content. This solar heating device enable the military personnel’s to warm their food, cook noodles and warm up water for tea without releasing fumes into the air and thereby exposing their location to the enemy. The Emphasis on this work is to Design and fabricate a solar kettle thermal system which utilizes a solar conceptual system for different applications such as solar water heater, and evaluate the overall efficiency of the system. The experimental results has shown that there is an increase in the temperature which is proportional with time towards the maximum at summer season when the utmost solar radiation gets closer to perpendicular on earth. The useful energy increased steadily with the time until mid-noon. That is because that both temperature and solar radiation increased steadily up to the midday but decreased until sunset.
DERIVATION OF A 2-POINT VARIABLE STEP SIZE SUPER CLASS OF BLOCK BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR SOLVING SECONND ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (ODEs)
Authors: BALA NAJAMUDDEEN  , KAMALUDDEEN UMAR DANMALAM  
Published: February 2025

In this paper the detail of the derivation of a new numerical method for the nummerical integration of second order ODEs is presented with variable step size strategy, the order of the method is two, and the stability analysis of the method shows that the method is zero stable and it is Convergent, therefore the method can serve as an efficient method for solving second order ODEs.
INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS REQUIRED BY ECONOMICS EDUCATION STUDENTS FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Authors: OBAYI, A. U  , OLEABHIELE, ERIC OZIEGBE  , AKULA, LILIAN KWAHA  , GOTIP, NEHEMIAH WOKJI  
Published: February 2025

This study examined Information Communications and Technology Entrepreneurship Skills required by Economics Education Students for Self-Employment in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja, Nigeria. The study design employed was a descriptive survey. All 510 Economics Education students enrolled in universities in the Federal Capital Territory of Abuja, Nigeria, make up the study's population. Because of the community's unique features and the researchers' adept management of its size, total population sampling was employed. There are 241 female and 269 male pupils in this group. The research questions were answered using mean scores with standard deviations, and the independent t-test was employed to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. The findings of this study underscore the critical role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) entrepreneurship skills in equipping Economics Education students for self-employment in the contemporary digital economy and the study conclude that gender does not significantly influence the acquisition or Information and Communication Technology skills required for sustainability. The study recommends that universities offering Economics Education programs should revise their curricula to incorporate ICT entrepreneurship modules. These should include hands-on training in digital skills such as coding, web development, and digital marketing, ensuring that students graduate with practical and market-ready competencies amongst several others.
Bouillante dans les années 1960 : une situation économique et sociale difficile
Authors: Lafleur Gérard 
Published: February 2025

Dans les années 1960, Bouillante est dans une situation économique et sociale difficile.
La situation économique qui prévalait jusqu’à la Seconde guerre mondiale, basée sur la production de café et la petite propriété s’était effondrée devant la concurrence internationale. La production de vivres et de rhum était moribonde.
Au niveau social, les familles nombreuses du fait de la transition démographique fournissaient une main-d’oeuvre qui trouvaient à s’employer dans les exploitations bananières des environs de Basse-Terre et commençait à s’expatrier en direction de la Métropole. Les écoles étaient insuffisantes pour recevoir tous les enfants dans des conditions normales.
La voirie, était l’héritière de son sous-développement qui dura jusqu’à la première moitié du XXe siècle et il n’existait aucun système de santé.
Les années 1960, sous la direction de son maire, Raymond Guilliod, préparaient l’ouverture de la commune sur le reste de la Guadeloupe, ouverture qui sera effective dans la décennie suivante.
An emaciated horse in the painting "A Hundred Horses" by Giuseppe Castiglione: the image and meaning of a thin animal in traditional Chinese culture
Authors: Du Juan 
Published: February 2025

The object of the study is the image of an emaciated horse in Chinese culture. It represents a real artistic phenomenon, serving as a reflection of the self-perception of authors who are faced with a sense of alienation and injustice, isolation from society, and the inability to get help. The subject is the image of thin horses in the painting by the Italian Catholic artist Giuseppe Castiglione, who arrived in China for missionary work. His stay in China coincided with a period of strong rejection of Catholicism in the country. The article pays special attention to the use of the image of a skinny horse as a metaphor, a veiled way to convey the subjective perception of the situation at the Qing court. The emaciated animal is considered by the author both as a visual phenomenon enriching the variety of characters in the paintings, and as a reflection of philosophical reasoning about the relationship between man and society. Formal-stylistic and structural-semantic types of analysis became the leading research methods. With their help, the author studied the compositional structure, coloristic features and semantic aspects of the fragments of the painting analyzed in the article by Giuseppe Castiglione. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the small number of thematic publications in Russian art history. One can find scientific works on Chinese culture devoted either to the image of horses in general, or taking into account exclusively the work of Giuseppe Castiglione. Combining the analysis of the image of an exhausted horse as such and the analysis of the painting "A Hundred Horses", the author closed the gap in a highly specialized art criticism problem, arguing the theses put forward with biographical data about the artist and historical references. New information deepens knowledge about the cultural characteristics of the Chinese people and can serve as an aid for further research by art historians. The author comes to several conclusions. First, he discovers the specific philosophical significance of the image of an emaciated horse. Secondly, it notes its stability in various creative figures. Thirdly, he reveals the peculiarities of the fate of Giuseppe Castiglione using the example of "Hundreds of Horses".
Genotypic Identification of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Salmonella spp. Associated with Meat and Lettuce and Sales Practices that Contribute to Contamination of These Foods in Bobo Dioulasso
Authors: Somda Namwin Siourimè , Flibert Guira , Hien Domonbabele François de Sales , Tankoano Abel , Adesoji Tomiwa Olumide , Bayili G Romaric , Konfé/Kanwé Eugenie Mamounata , Roamba Amadou , Kaboré Donatien , Bonkoungou Ouindgueta Juste Isidore , Savadogo Aly , Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: Food contamination is often linked to diverse factors such as poor food preservation, culinary techniques, and the handling of products during marketing. These factors could facilitate the spread of bacteria which are among the primary causes of food borne infections in both developing and industrialized countries adding to public health burden. This study aims to highlight the epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella strains in lettuce and charcuterie as well as to investigate sales practice that could aid food contamination.
Methods: The study was conducted at Bobo-Dioulasso from April to December 2021. A survey was carried out among 30 randomly selected lettuce sellers in 5 markets and 30 randomly selected charcuterie workers in 3 selected supermarkets. A total of 162 samples (90 lettuce and 72 charcuterie) were collected and screened for the presence of Salmonella using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on the obtained Salmonella isolates using the Kirby – Bauer disk diffusion technique. Specific primers were used for the detection of the class 1 integrons, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes by PCR.
Results: The quality of water used for keeping the lettuce fresh (wetting) and sellers’ hygiene were significantly associated with lettuce contamination (=14.21, P<0.001). For charcuteries, 66.7% and 33.3% of the structures surveyed use refrigerated trucks and vans for transportation, respectively. Salmonella was isolated from 12.35% (20/162) of the samples, i.e., 13.33% (12/90) of the lettuce samples and 11.11% (8/72) of the charcuterie samples (χ2 = 9.485; p < 0.005). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the isolates were resistant to colistin while 70% (14/20) and 60% (12/20) were resistant to cephalothin and ampicillin, respectively. The int1, parE, parC, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM genes were detected among 70%, 65%, 60%, 45% and 40% of the isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed that seller’s practice including handling and quality of water for wetting could significantly increase the risk of contamination on ready to eat vegetables including the presence of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella sp carrying various antibiotic resistance determinants which could pose public health risk. There is a need of sensitization and training for these sellers as the issue is a national public health problem.
Verwässerungsschutz bei der Ausgabe von Wandelschuldverschreibungen
Authors: Linnartz Johannes , Walka Florian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Im Kontext des ZuFinG hat der Gesetzgeber einen Paradigmenwechsel im Beschlussmängelrecht vollzogen. Beschließt die Hauptversammlung eine bezugsrechtslose Kapitalerhöhung und wird dabei der auf eine Aktie entfallende Wert unangemessen niedrig festgesetzt, sind Aktionäre fortan auf das Spruchverfahren verwiesen, in dem sie einen Ausgleichsanspruch gegen die Gesellschaft geltend machen können; eine Anfechtung des Kapitalerhöhungsbeschlusses ist dagegen ausgeschlossen. Zunehmend reift die Erkenntnis, dass der Gesetzgeber die Auswirkungen seines Paradigmenwechsels auf das bedingte Kapital zwecks Ausgabe von Wandelschuldverschreibungen nicht im Blick hatte. Die Konsequenz: Das Ausgleichsregime scheint inkompatibel. Auf die Frage, ob dennoch ein Ausgleichsanspruch bezugsrechtsloser Aktionäre anzunehmen ist oder aber - in der Tradition des alten Rechts - am Anfechtungsrecht festgehalten werden sollte, ist allein die dritte Antwortmöglichkeit überzeugend: weder noch.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Black Patients With Melanoma
Authors: Wix Sophia N. , Brown Ariel B. , Heberton Meghan , Adamson Adewole S. , Gill Jennifer G. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceMelanoma in Black individuals has an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 100 000 people. Most studies of melanoma in Black patients have used population databases, which lack important, precise clinical details.ObjectiveTo identify patient-level and tumor-level characteristics of melanoma in Black patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series included Black patients with melanoma at 2 tertiary care centers (University of Texas Southwestern [UTSW] Medical Center and Parkland Health), affiliated with a single institution, UTSW in Dallas, Texas. Self-reported Black patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma were identified between January 2006 and October 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main variables were demographics, clinical characteristics, personal and family medical history, immunosuppression history, comorbidities, histopathology reports, molecular/genetic studies, imaging reports, melanoma treatments and responses, time to progression, metastatic sites, and survival rates.ResultsA total of 48 Black patients with melanoma (median [range] age at diagnosis, 62 [23-86] years; 30 [63%] female) were included in the study. Of 40 primary cutaneous melanomas, 30 (75%) were located on acral skin, despite only 10 of 30 (33%) being histologically classified as acral lentiginous melanomas. Compared with those with acral disease, patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas were more likely to be immunocompromised (4 of 10 [40%] vs 2 of 30 [7%]) or have a personal history of cancer (6 of 10 [60%] vs 5 of 30 [17%]), with all 3 patients with superficial spreading melanoma having a history of both. No patients had more than 1 confirmed primary melanoma. Overall, 13 Black patients (27%) with melanoma developed stage IV disease, of whom 12 died because of disease progression. Those diagnosed with advanced acral melanoma, mucosal/ocular melanoma, or melanoma of unknown primary lacked actionable sequence variations, were nonresponsive to immunotherapy, and had the poorest outcomes. No patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas developed distant metastases or died of melanoma.Conclusions and RelevanceThis single-institution case series highlights several features of melanoma in Black patients that have not been captured in existing population-level registries, including precise anatomic sites, immune status, family and personal cancer history, and genetics. Multi-institutional registries would improve understanding of melanoma in Black patients.
Physician Perspectives on Addressing Anti-Black Racism
Authors: Brown Crystal E. , Marshall Arisa R. , Cueva Kristine L. , Snyder Cyndy R. , Kross Erin K. , Young Bessie A. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceUncertainty remains among clinicians regarding processes to address and resolve conflict around anti-Black racism.ObjectiveTo elicit clinicians’ perceptions of their role in addressing concerns about anti-Black racism among Black patients with serious illness as well as their families.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this qualitative study, one-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 physicians at an academic county hospital between August 1 and October 31, 2022. Participants were provided clinical scenarios where anti-Black racism was a concern of a patient with serious illness. Participants were asked open-ended questions about initial impressions, prior similar experiences, potential strategies to address patients’ concerns, and additional resources to support these conversations. A framework based on restorative justice was used to guide qualitative analyses.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPerspectives on addressing anti-Black racism as described by physicians.ResultsA total of 21 medical subspecialists (mean [SD] age, 44.2 [7.8] years) participated in the study. Most physicians were women (14 [66.7%]), 4 were Asian (19.0%), 3 were Black (14.3%), and 14 were White (66.7%). Participants identified practices that are normalized in clinical settings that may perpetuate and exacerbate perceptions of anti-Black racism. Using provided scenarios and personal experiences, participants were able to describe how Black patients are harmed as a result of these practices. Last, participants identified strategies and resources for addressing Black patients’ concerns and facilitating conflict resolution, but they stopped short of promoting personal or team accountability for anti-Black racism.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study, physicians identified resources, skills, and processes that partially aligned with a restorative justice framework to address anti-Black racism and facilitate conflict resolution, but did not provide steps for actualizing accountability. Restorative justice and similar processes may provide space within a mediated setting for clinicians to repair harm, provide accountability, and facilitate racial healing.
National Institutes of Health Funding for Surgeon-Scientists in the US—An Update and an Expanded Landscape
Authors: Demblowski Lindsay A. , Steinberg Seth M. , Meseroll Rebecca A. , Santangelo George M. , Zeiger Martha A. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceCurrent reports suggest that the surgeon-scientist phenotype is significantly threatened. However, a significant increase in the proportion of surgeons in the workforce funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 2010 (0.5%) to 2020 (0.7%) was recently reported and showed that surgeons primarily performed basic science research (78% in 2010; 73% in 2020) rather than clinical research.ObjectiveTo provide an update on the status of surgeons funded by the NIH for fiscal year (FY) 2022.Evidence ReviewNIH-funded surgeons were identified in FY2012 and FY2022, including those who were awarded grants with more than 1 principal investigator (PI) by querying the internal database at the NIH. The main outcome for this study was the total number of NIH-funded surgeons in FY2012 and FY2022, including total grant costs and number of grants. The secondary analysis included self-reported demographic characteristics of the surgeons in FY2022. The research type (basic science vs clinical) of R01 grants was also examined.FindingsIncluding multiple PI grants, 1324 surgeon-scientists were awarded $1.3 billion in FY2022. Women surgeons increased to 31.3% (339 of 1084) of the population of surgeon PIs in FY2022 compared with 21.0% (184 of 876) in FY2012. Among surgeon PIs awarded grants, a total of 200 (22.8%) were Asian, 35 (4.0%) were Black or African American, 18 (2.1%) were another race (including American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and more than 1 race), and 623 (71.1%) were White. A total of 513 of 689 R01 grants (74.5%) were for basic science, 131 (19.0%) were for clinical trials, and 45 (6.5%) were for outcomes research.Conclusions and RelevanceNIH-funded surgeons are increasing in number and grant costs, including the proportion of women surgeon PIs, and are representative of the diversity among US academic surgical faculty. The results of this study suggest that despite the many obstacles surgeon-scientists face, their research portfolio continues to grow, they perform a myriad of mostly basic scientific research as both independent PIs and on multidisciplinary teams.
Neurological outcome in long‐chain hydroxy fatty acid oxidation disorders
Authors: Mütze Ulrike , Ottenberger Alina , Gleich Florian , Maier Esther M. , Lindner Martin , Husain Ralf A. , Palm Katja , Beblo Skadi , Freisinger Peter , Santer René , Thimm Eva , vom Dahl Stephan , Weinhold Natalie , Grohmann‐Held Karina , Haase Claudia , Hennermann Julia B. , Hörbe‐Blindt Alexandra , Kamrath Clemens , Marquardt Iris , Marquardt Thorsten , Behne Robert , Haas Dorothea , Spiekerkoetter Ute , Hoffmann Georg F. , Garbade Sven F. , Grünert Sarah C. , Kölker Stefan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the long‐term benefit of newborn screening (NBS) for individuals with long‐chain 3‐hydroxy‐acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency, inherited metabolic diseases included in NBS programs worldwide.MethodsGerman national multicenter study of individuals with confirmed LCHAD/MTP deficiency identified by NBS between 1999 and 2020 or selective metabolic screening. Analyses focused on NBS results, confirmatory diagnostics, and long‐term clinical outcomes.ResultsSixty‐seven individuals with LCHAD/MTP deficiency were included in the study, thereof 54 identified by NBS. All screened individuals with LCHAD deficiency survived, but four with MTP deficiency (14.8%) died during the study period. Despite NBS and early treatment neonatal decompensations (28%), symptomatic disease course (94%), later metabolic decompensations (80%), cardiomyopathy (28%), myopathy (82%), hepatopathy (32%), retinopathy (17%), and/or neuropathy (22%) occurred. Hospitalization rates were high (up to a mean of 2.4 times/year). Disease courses in screened individuals with LCHAD and MTP deficiency were similar except for neuropathy, occurring earlier in individuals with MTP deficiency (median 3.9 vs. 11.4 years; p = 0.0447). Achievement of dietary goals decreased with age, from 75% in the first year of life to 12% at age 10, and consensus group recommendations on dietary management were often not achieved.InterpretationWhile NBS and early treatment result in improved (neonatal) survival, they cannot reliably prevent long‐term morbidity in screened individuals with LCHAD/MTP deficiency, highlighting the urgent need of better therapeutic strategies and the development of disease course‐altering treatment.
Laser‐Tuned Surface Wettability Modification and Incorporation of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Ceramics in Thermal Management Devices
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Arani , Pal Anish , Sarkar Sreya , Megaridis Constantine M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN), a versatile ceramic with high thermal conductivity, high electrical resistivity, and a coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with silicon, is well‐suited for direct‐to‐chip cooling applications of electronics, implementation in wide bandgap semiconductors, and for high‐temperature heat exchangers. Despite multiple advantages, AlN's implementation in liquid‐cooling applications is often hindered by surface‐degrading effects of working‐fluid‐induced hydrolysis. Herein, a scalable ‐but highly tunable‐ wettability engineering approach is introduced, that allows effective implementation of bulk AlN substrates in enhanced two‐phase cooling of electronics. The approach prevents hydrolysis of AlN by aqueous media and establishes control over surface roughness, all the while maintaining bulk integrity and material properties of the underlying substrate. Demonstration of the new approach is presented in spontaneous, pumpless, surface liquid transport, a necessity if such ceramics are to play an integral role as components of sealed, phase‐change, wickless thermal‐management devices (e.g., vapor chambers or heat pipes) that require rapid working‐fluid transport in their multi‐phase interior. The novelty of this work lies in establishing a scalable methodology for utilizing and further enhancing the properties of this non‐oxide ceramic material for phase‐change heat‐transfer hermetic devices, thereby paving the way toward the implementation of this intriguing material in next‐generation heat spreaders.