bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pubertal Acceleration of Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release in Male Rats as Revealed by Microdialysis
Authors: Harris Glenn C. , Levine Jon E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA microdialysis technique was used in male rats to directly assess the postulate that pubertal maturation is associated with accelerated GnRH pulsatility. Juvenile male rats, postnatal d 43 or 45 (n = 4) were stereotaxically fitted with guide cannulas directed toward the lateral median eminence, and repeated microdialysis experiments were conducted over 4–6 d. In each session, samples were collected continuously over 12 h (0900–2100 h) at 5-min intervals Results from individual peripubertal animals were pooled into two time bins for postnatal d 45–47 and 48–50, respectively, and GnRH characteristics were compared between the two epochs. The GnRH pulse frequency and mean GnRH concentration were significantly elevated at 48–50 d compared with 45–47 d. The GnRH pulsatility characteristics for 45–47 d vs. 48–50 d were as follows: pulse frequency, 0.74 ± 0.16 vs. 1.79 ± 0.19 pulses/h (P &lt; 0.05); pulse amplitude, 254.1 ± 22.3 vs. 347.2 ± 15.8 Δpg/ml (difference in value from trough to peak); and mean release, 0.55 ± 0.03 vs. 2.04 ± 0.04 pg/5 min (P &lt; 0.05). An additional two rats were dialyzed only once on postnatal d 50 to assess the effects of repeated sampling; the GnRH pulse characteristics in these animals were similar to those in rats sampled for a third or fourth time on postnatal d 48–50. To further assess the possible effects of repeated sampling on GnRH release profiles, a group of adult male rats (postnatal d 95–105; n = 3) was also dialyzed on four consecutive days. In these rats no significant alteration in GnRH pulse generator activity was observed over the four sessions. Moreover, the increase in GnRH pulse frequency observed in the peripubertal rats was found to be sustained in adult animals. To better understand the temporal relationship of GnRH pulse generator activity to reproductive maturation, groups of male rats were killed from postnatal d 45–56 along with an adult group at 95–105 d (n = 5/group) and examined for physiological signs of reproductive development. Gradual increases in serum levels of LH and testosterone and decreases in FSH and inhibin B were seen from postnatal d 45–56 to adulthood. Mature spermatozoa were found in the vas deferens by postnatal d 53. Our results demonstrate that in the late juvenile stage of male rat development, GnRH pulse generator activity is gradually accelerated over the course of consecutive days. This acceleration occurs over a period during which serum LH and testosterone are rising to adult levels, and it precedes the presence of mature spermatozoa in the vas deferens by 3 d. Our observations provide direct support for the hypothesis that an acceleration of GnRH pulsatility is the critical neural stimulus for the initiation of pubertal maturation in males. The peripheral and central cues that prompt the pubertal activation of the GnRH pulse generator remain to be characterized.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Form of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Coordinates Energy and Reproductive Behavior
Authors: Temple Jennifer L. , Millar Robert P. , Rissman Emilie F. 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
GnRH is the master neuropeptide that coordinates and regulates reproduction in all vertebrates and in some nonvertebrate species. Sixteen forms of GnRH have been isolated in brain. In the vast majority of species, two or more forms occur in anatomically and developmental distinct neuronal populations. In mammalian brain, two GnRH forms, mammalian (GnRH-I) and chicken-II (GnRH-II), exist. The distribution and functions of GnRH-I have been well characterized and intensively studied. However, the function of GnRH-II, which is the most evolutionarily conserved form of GnRH, has been elusive. Here we demonstrate that in a primitive mammal, the musk shrew (Suncus murinus), GnRH-II activates mating behavior in nutritionally challenged females within a few minutes after administration. In addition GnRH-II immunoreactive cell numbers and fibers increase in food-restricted females. Furthermore, GnRH type II receptor immunoreactivity was detected in musk shrew brain in regions associated with mating behavior. Our results lead us to hypothesize that the role of the evolutionarily conserved GnRH-II peptide is to coordinate reproductive behavior as appropriate to the organism’s energetic condition.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) Deficient Mice Display Reduced Serum Progesterone Levels during Corpus Luteum Development
Authors: Nothnick Warren B. 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
TIMP-1 is a multifunctional protein that is abundantly expressed within the ovary during the period of early corpus luteum formation. TIMP-1 has been suggested to play a role in progesterone production, but reports are conflicting. To more thoroughly examine the role of TIMP-1 in steroidogenesis during early luteal development in vivo, immature wild-type and TIMP-1 null female mice were primed with gonadotropins. Mice were sacrificed at 0, 24, and 48 h post hCG administration and serum was collected for determination of estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4) concentrations. In the 24 h hCG groups, ovulation was assessed by counting the number of shed ova. Serum P4 concentrations were significantly lower in the TIMP-1 null mice, both at 24 and 48-h post hCG compared to wild-type counterparts. No differences were detected in the number of ovulations between genotypes at the 24 h time point. In both the 24 and 48 h post-hCG groups, null mice had significantly higher ovarian wet weights. Interestingly, ovarian MMP activity was greater in the null mice at 24 h post hCG but higher in the wild-type at 48 h post hCG administration. These observations suggests that expression of TIMP-1 during early luteal development may participate in regulation of progesterone production via its ability to regulate ovarian MMP activity.
Evidence for Genetic Modifiers of Ovarian Follicular Endowment and Development from Studies of Five Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Canning Jacqueline , Takai Yasushi , Tilly Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The laboratory mouse is the model of choice for genetic studies in mammals due to the availability of many genetically defined inbred strains and inbred congenic strains, as well as the ability to study the effects of over-expression (transgenics) or inactivation (knockouts) of a given gene on cells or tissues. During our studies using these technologies to uncover the importance of various genes to apoptosis in the ovary, we observed that the size of the primordial oocyte reserve was affected by mouse strain in the absence of any other genetic manipulation. To determine if genetic modifiers of oocyte endowment truly exist, herein we examined follicle numbers in one outbred (CD-1) and several inbred (129/Sv, DBA/2, C57BL/6, FVB, AKR/J) strains of mice at day 4 (neonatal) and day 42 (young adult) postpartum. In neonatal life, ovaries of AKR/J females had the lowest total number of follicles, whereas 129/Sv females possessed the highest total number of follicles (P &lt; 0.05 for AKR/J versus 129/Sv). There were more primordial follicles in 129/Sv compared with DBA/2 (P &lt; 0.05), C57BL/6 (P &lt; 0.05), FVB (P &lt; 0.05) or AKR/J (P &lt; 0.05) females, and in CD-1 compared with AKR/J (P &lt; 0.05) females. Although no significant strain-dependent differences in primary follicle numbers were noted, C57BL/6 females had the fewest number of small preantral follicles (P &lt; 0.05 versus all other strains). Evaluation of ovaries at 42 days of age revealed the persistence of strain-dependent differences in early follicle growth patterns, although the total numbers of follicles were comparable. Of interest, marked strain-dependent differences in the rate of primordial follicle growth activation, as well as in the rate of follicle loss (atresia), between days 4 and 42 were observed. These results indicate that genetic modifiers play a major role in follicle endowment, development and atresia in the mouse ovary.
Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoribbons by Direct Oxidation of Tin Powders
Authors: Kong Xianghua , Yu Dapeng , Li Yadong 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
A new method has been successfully developed to synthesize SnO2 nanoribbons in a large scale by direct oxidation of tin powders. The lengths of the nanoribbons were up to several hundreds of micrometers, and the width and thickness were in the range of 20–150 nm and 10–50 nm, respectively. The as-synthesized SnO2 nanoribbons had preferred [001] growth direction.
Solid Surface Enhancement Effects on Chemiluminescence: Influence of Cationic Species in Solid Media
Authors: Yoshinaga Tetsutaro , Akimoto Shigekazu , Takemura Shin-ichi , Hiratsuka Hiroshi , Hasegawa Miki , Kobayashi Michio , Hoshi Toshihiko 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Solid surface enhancement effects on chemiluminescence (CL) have been studied using metal salicylates as solid media. Interesting CL characteristics depending on kinds of cationic species (alkaline metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions etc.) on chemiluminescence of diaryloxalate were found.
Thermostable Synthetic Hemoproteins: Thermophilic Xylanases Hybridized with Dioxygen-Carrying meso-Tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphinatoiron(II) Derivative
Authors: Komatsu Teruyuki , Ishihara Seiji , Tsuchida Eishun , Nishide Hiroyuki , Morokuma Chihiro , Nakamura Satoshi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
meso-Tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphinatoiron(II) derivative is incorporated into thermophilic xylanases, giving novel thermostable synthetic hemoproteins, which can form a dioxygen adduct in aqueous media (pH 7.3) at 90 °C.
Lewis Base Catalyzed Michael Reaction between Ketene Silyl Acetals and α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Nakagawa Takashi , Fujisawa Hidehiko 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Catalytic Michael reaction between trimethylsilyl enolates and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by using a Lewis base such as lithium benzamide or lithium succimide in a DMF solvent proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding Michael adducts.
Clean Synthesis of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone from the Oxidative Coupling of 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol Catalyzed by Alkali-promoted Cu–Mg–Al Hydrotalcites in the Presence of Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Iwai Keisuke , Yamauchi Takayoshi , Hashimoto Keiji , Mizugaki Tomoo , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol is selectively transformed to 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone in the presence of molecular oxygen using alkali-promoted Cu–Mg–Al hydrotalcites as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts.
Photoexcited Crystallography of Diplatinum Complex by Multiple-exposure IP Method
Authors: Ozawa Yoshiki , Terashima Madoka , Mitsumi Minoru , Toriumi Koshiro , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Uekusa Hidehiro , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Molecular distortion of a photoexcited diplatinum(II) complex in a single crystal has been directly observed by accurate synchrotron radiation diffraction studies. Photoexcited crystallographic analysis has revealed that a small portion of [Pt2(pop)4]4− (pop = H2O5P22−) complex shows the Pt–Pt bond shrinkage of 0.23 Å under blue laser irradiation.
Adsorption of Phenols in Water by Organically Modified Layered Niobate K4Nb6O17
Authors: Nakato Teruyuki , Miyashita Hiroyuki , Yakabe Shigetaka 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Intercalation compounds of layered niobate K4Nb6O17 with organoammonium ions adsorbed 2,4-dicholorophenol and phenol dissolved in water. Their adsorption properties were greatly influenced by the organoammonium species pre-intercalated; modification by dioctadecyldimethylammonium ions gave peculiar affinity for 2,4-dichlorophenol.
An Effective Preparation Route to A Giant Magnetoresistance Material: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3
Authors: Wang Dan , Yu Ranbo , Feng Shouhua , Zheng Wenjun , Xu Ruren , Matsumura Yasuyuki , Takano Mikio 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Giant magnetoresistance material La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 has been synthesized under mild hydrothermal condition at 240 °C and characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, ICP elemental analysis, and iodometry. The alkalinity and molar ratio of Mn(VII)/Mn(II) in initial reaction mixture, associated with hydrothermal reaction temperature, dominated the crystallization of the product, La0.5Sr0.5MnO3.
Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Quinolines by Reactions of o-Isocyano-β-methoxystyrene Derivatives with Organolithiums
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Yoneda Keiichi , Mano Masaaki , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Alkyl(or aryl)lithiums reacted efficiently with o-isocyano-β-methoxystyrene derivatives, prepared in three steps from o-aminophenyl ketones, to afford the corresponding 2,4-disubstituted quinolines in satisfactory yields.
Ag/Rh Bimetallic Nanoparticles Formed by Self-assembly from Ag and Rh Monometallic Nanoparticles in Solution
Authors: Hirakawa Kazutaka , Toshima Naoki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The plasmon absorption band of colloidal dispersions of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-protected Ag nanoparticles was extinguished within several minutes by the addition of Rh nanoparticles sol. Transmission electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction measurements have shown that this phenomenon is due to that the physical mixture of Ag and Rh nanoparticles spontaneously generates the bimetallic nanoparticles with Ag-core/Rh-shell structure.
Direct Observation of the DNA Multimolecule Condensation with Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Ling Lian-Sheng , Fang Xiao-Hong , Wang Chen , Wan Li-Jun , Bai Chun-Li , Chen Dong-Min 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
DNA condensation plays a crucial role in DNA strand-exchange, ligation, renaturation and catenation. Thus it has drawn researchers’ great attention. In this work, spermine-induced DNA condensation was studied with epifluorescence microscopy. In the presence of Ru(phen)2(dppx)2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppx = 7,8-dimethyl-dipyridophenazine), single λ-DNA with the length of about 10 μm was observed. With the addition of 20 mmol·l−1 spermine, there occurred DNA multimolecule condensation, resulting in the formation of a 40 μm rod-like highly compacted and ordered superhelical structure with the diameter of about 7 μm. This provides the direct evidence of DNA multimolecule condensation induced by spermine in solution.
Development of a Composite Optical Waveguide Sensor for Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Yimit Abliz , Huang Xiuzhu , Xu Yitai , Amemiya Takashi , Itoh Kiminori 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Highly sensitive composite optical waveguide (COWG) immunosensors were developed for immunoglobulin IgG detection. The sensing layer of the protein A was coated onto the COWG surface with (γ-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. The sensor has a short response time, reversibility and high sensitivity (as low as 70 pg/cm3 IgG was easily detected).
Photo-enhancement of Transfection Efficiency with a Novel Azobenzene-based Cationic Lipid
Authors: Nagasaki Takeshi , Wada Katsutoshi , Tamagaki Seizo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The transfection efficiency of a novel photoresponsive cationic lipid having an azobenzene structure can be controlled by UV irradiation. After DNA complexes pass through the cell membrane by endocytosis, trans to cis isomerization of the azobenzene structure would destabilize the vesicle membrane.
The influence of test‐set similarity in verbal overshadowing
Authors: Kitagami Shinji , Sato Wataru , Yoshikawa Sakiko 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe verbal overshadowing effect is the phenomenon in which describing a previously seen face impairs its recognition (Schooler and Engstler‐Schooler, 1990). The primary purpose of this research was to investigate how the similarity between a target and distractors influences verbal overshadowing. In order to manipulate test‐set similarity, we blended the faces of different people by using morphing techniques. As a result, verbal overshadowing was found when test‐set similarity was relatively high, while the effect was not evident when there was a lesser degree of similarity. The results suggest that replicating the emergence of the verbal overshadowing effect depends on test‐set similarity. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applied aspects of the instructional bias effect in verbal overshadowing
Authors: Meissner Christian A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that instructional manipulation of a participant witness's response criterion on a description task can lead to verbal overshadowing in performance on a subsequent lineup identification task. The current set of experiments attempts to replicate this instructional bias effect in verbal overshadowing and extend the paradigm to include variations in lineup presentation format (Experiment 1) and repeated descriptions prior to identification (Experiment 2). The instructional bias effect is found to persist despite the ‘sequential’ presentation of lineup members and across repeated recall of a target face 1 week later. Furthermore, both experiments demonstrated that incorrect details generated by participants were predictive of subsequent inaccuracy on the identification task. Both theoretical and applied aspects of the instructional bias effect in verbal overshadowing are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How did you get here from there? Verbal overshadowing of spatial mental models
Authors: Fiore Stephen M. , Schooler Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis experiment investigated the reactive effects of verbal reports on spatial mental models. Participants studied a map marked with a route and then either verbalized their memory for the route or engaged in an unrelated verbal activity. Results showed that verbalization hindered performance on a measure of configural knowledge (straight‐line distance estimations) but had no overall influence on a measure of featural knowledge (route distance estimations). In addition, verbalization differentially interacted with verbal ability on the memory measures. The implications for research on memory for spatial environments and the evidence for the existence of two distinct forms of memory representations (route versus configural) in spatial mental models are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbal overshadowing: A special issue exploring theoretical and applied issues
Authors: Meissner Christian A. , Memon Amina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOver a decade of research has investigated the verbal overshadowing effect. This phenomenon, first demonstrated by Schooler and Engstler‐Schooler (1990), indicates that verbally describing a non‐verbal stimulus (such as a face) can impair subsequent attempts at identification of the stimulus. Taken together, the current special issue on verbal overshadowing explores three critical aspects of the effect: (a) debates regarding the theoretical mechanisms governing the phenomenon, (b) boundary conditions that might define when the effect is observed, and (c) new domains and paradigms that explore the generality of the phenomenon. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbalization produces a transfer inappropriate processing shift
Authors: Schooler Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWhen considered in the context of prior research, the articles in this special issue on verbal overshadowing largely support the contention that verbalization can induce a processing shift that interferes with the application of non‐verbal operations. Multiple sources of evidence for a processing shift are reviewed, including: (1) verbalization quality often does not correspond to recognition performance; (2) describing one stimulus can interfere with memory for a different stimulus; (3) engaging in a featural processing tasks impairs recognition in a manner comparable to verbalization; and (4) engaging in non‐verbal tasks can reverse the negative effects of verbalization. In the light of this evidence, it is suggested that verbalization produces a ‘transfer inappropriate processing shift’ whereby the cognitive operations engaged in during verbalization dampen the activation of brain regions associated with critical non‐verbal operations. This account of verbal overshadowing is then used to explain both the generality and fragility of the verbal overshadowing effect. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiologic study of cancer mortality among Israeli asphalt workers
Authors: Shaham Judith , Knecht Yael , Burstyn Igor , Kromhout Hans , Ferro Gilles , Partanen Timo , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundWe describe the results of a cancer mortality study among asphalt workers in Israel.MethodsPersonal identifiers and employment histories of 2,176 workers were extracted from company records.ResultsMortality from all malignant neoplasms was significantly reduced in the whole cohort (SMR 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.83). SMR for lung cancer was elevated in workers exposed to bitumen (SMR 1.05, 95% CI 0.62–1.66). No significant elevation or reduction in mortality was observed in relation to a specific site. SMRs for lung cancer was higher among ever exposed to bitumen than among unexposed. There was no association between lung cancer risk and estimated exposure to bitumen fume, and no dose‐response was apparent.ConclusionsWhile the results of this cohort study indicate a slightly increased SMR for lung cancer, it did not produce evidence of a causal link between lung cancer and exposure to bitumen fume. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:69–78, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality from non‐malignant diseases among male Norwegian asphalt workers
Authors: Randem Britt Grethe , Langård Sverre , Kongerud Johny , Dale Inge , Burstyn Igor , Martinsen Jan Ivar , Andersen Aage 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe possible associations between asphalt work and mortality from non‐malignant diseases in a cohort of male Norwegian asphalt workers that formed part of the European asphalt worker mortality study are examined.MethodsThe mortality experience among 8,610 male workers ever employed in asphalt work was observed from 01.01.1970 until 12.31.1996, yielding 127,636 person years of observation. The cause‐specific deaths observed in the study cohort were compared with the expected figures calculated from 5‐year period‐ and age‐specific national death rates. A study‐specific job exposure matrix was used for individual–individual exposure estimates.ResultsEight hundred and three workers died during the observation period (SMR = 0.92, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.58, 1.40). The mortality from non‐malignant respiratory diseases was elevated (SMR = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.97, 1.58) and was associated with years since first employment in the asphalt industry. Mortality from respiratory diseases was highest among the workers first employed in the 1960s. Among the different job types held by the workers the pavers and mastic asphalt workers had the highest mortality from respiratory diseases. A weak dose–response was found with cumulative exposure to PAH and bitumen fume and mortality from non‐malignant respiratory diseases in analyses employing the job‐exposure matrix. Overall mortality, the mortality from circulatory diseases (SMR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.83, 1.03) and external causes (SMR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.72, 1.11) was lower than expected.ConclusionsMortality from respiratory diseases was found somewhat elevated among the asphalt workers. There was some evidence of exposure–response with both bitumen fume and PAH exposure. PAH from coal tar contributes to the PAH exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:96–103, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.