bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Antioxidants on the Quality of Stored Blood
Authors: Racek Jaroslav , Herynková Růžena , Holeček Václav , Jeřábek Zdeněk , Sláma Vladislav 
Published: May 2003

Abstract Background and objectives: Blood is exposed to oxidation stress and therefore has a high antioxidant capacity (AOC). With the many factors increasing the demands on the AOC, there may be damage to erythrocytes by free radicals. This study was to investigate evidence of erythrocyte damage in stored donor blood and to affect this by premedication of blood donors. Materials and methods: Blood samples of 15 healthy donors were collected in CPDA‐1 solution and analyzed immediately, and then again after 10 days of incubation at 4 °C and 1 day of incubation at 37 °C. Prior to incubation, the following parameters were evaluated: Na+, K+, malondialdehyde (MDA), hemoglobin (Hb), AOC in the supernatant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes, and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in whole blood. Blood donors of group 1 were not given any drugs or vitamins before blood sampling. The same blood donors were then supplemented with the following daily doses of antioxidants for 10 days before the next blood sampling: 36 mg of β‐carotene, 300 mg of vitamin E, 200 mg of vitamin C, and 40 mg of selenium. Results: The blood from donors of group 2 had a significantly smaller increase in MDA, K+, and Hb, and a smaller decrease in Na+ and AOC in the supernatant compared with that of group 1, while the activity of SOD and GSHPx did not change during blood storage. Conclusions: These results suggest that antioxidants given to blood donors can improve red cell storage parameters by reducing cell damage caused by free radicals.
A Monolayer Coagglutination Microplate Technique for Typing Red Blood Cells
Authors: Llopis F. , Carbonell‐Uberos F. , Planelles MD. , Montero M. , Puig N. , Atienza T. , Alba E. , Montoro J.A. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract Background and objectives: Serologic agglutination tests have the disadvantage of lack of an objective endpoint that can be easily read and quantitated. We have developed a new method for ABO and Rh typing based on producing a red blood cell (RBC) monolayer on microplates and the mixed hemagglutination reaction. Materials and methods: We have employed a new red cell fixation buffer to prepare the RBC monolayer. As the technique for grouping, we used a mixed agglutination reaction between the RBC monolayer and the RBCs to be typed. Results: Compared with an automated hemagglutination system in 34,519 samples, the method is shown to be more sensitive, free of false positive reactions, and cost‐effective. Conclusions: The microplate coagglutination method is accurate and lower in cost than conventional methods.
Uterus‐Innervating Neurones in Porcine Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion: an Immunohistochemical Characteristic
Authors: Wasowicz K. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe presence of tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, galanin, Met‐enkephalin‐Arg‐Gly‐Leu, substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide was studied with immunohistochemistry in uterus‐innervating neurones found in the inferior mesenteric ganglia after fluorescent tracer (Fast Blue) injection into different regions of the porcine uterus (uterine cervix, paracervical, middle and paraoviductal part of the uterine horn). Virtually all Fast Blue‐positive neurones found in the inferior mesenteric ganglia after tracer injection into all studied parts of the uterus contained tyrosine hydroxylase and ca. 45% of them contained neuropeptide Y. Single galanin‐positive/Fast Blue‐positive cells were found in the ganglia only after tracer injections into uterine cervix. No other studied substances were found in the Fast‐Blue positive neurones of the inferior mesenteric ganglia.
Plasma and whole blood taurine in normal dogs of varying size fed commercially prepared food
Authors: Delaney S. J. , Kass P. H. , Rogers Q. R. , Fascetti A. J. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to examine the effect of signalment, body size and diet on plasma taurine and whole blood taurine concentrations. A total of 131 normal dogs consuming commercially prepared dog food had blood drawn 3–5 h post‐prandially to be analysed for plasma amino acids and whole blood taurine. Body weight and morphometric measurements of each dog were taken. Plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations were 77 ± 2.1 nmol/ml (mean ± SEM) and 266 ± 5.1 nmol/ml (mean ± SEM), respectively. No effect of age, sex, body weight, body size, or diet was seen on plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations. Mean whole blood taurine concentrations were lower in dogs fed diets containing whole grain rice, rice bran or barley. The lowest whole blood concentrations were seen in dogs fed lamb or lamb meal and rice diets. Plasma methionine and cysteine concentrations were lower in dogs fed diets with animal meals or turkey, and whole grain rice, rice bran or barley. Fifteen of 131 dogs had plasma taurine concentrations lower than, or equal, to the previously reported lowest mean food‐deprived plasma taurine concentration in normal dogs of 49 ± 5 nmol/ml (mean ± SEM) (Elliottet al., 2000). These findings support the theory that taurine deficiency in dogs may be related to the consumption of certain dietary ingredients. Scientific and clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with low blood taurine concentration in dogs; therefore, further work is indicated to determine the mechanism by which diet can affect taurine status in dogs.
Sequence and structural analysis of the presumed downstream promoter of the canine mdr1 gene
Authors: Mealey K. L. , Bentjen S. A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe product of the canine mdr1 gene, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), plays an important role in chemotherapeutic drug resistance of several canine tumours. Increased expression of P‐gp by tumour cells is associated with the multidrug‐resistant phenotype. Because of its importance in cancer chemotherapy, a great deal is known about the regulation of mdr1 gene expression in human cancer patients and rodent cancer models. In contrast, there is no information regarding the regulation of P‐gp expression in dogs. Initial information regarding the regulation of mdr1 gene expression can be gained by evaluating the mdr1 promoter. The downstream promoter of the canine mdr1 gene was sequenced. Several regulatory elements were identified, including an AP‐1 site, AP‐2 site and SP‐1 site. The presumed canine mdr1 promoter was similar to that of other species; however, low overall sequence homology may suggest that aspects of P‐gp regulation are distinctive in dogs.
Immunohistochemical characterization of canine prostatic carcinoma and correlation with castration status and castration time
Authors: Sorenmo K. U. , Goldschmidt M. , Shofer F. , Goldkamp C. , Ferracone J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize canine prostate cancer using immunohistochemical staining specific for acinar and urothelial/ductal tissue and correlate these results with the dogs' castration status/castration time. Seventy dogs with prostate cancer were included, 71% were castrated and 29% were intact. Compared with an age‐matched control population, castrated dogs were at increased risk of prostate cancer, odds ratio 3.9. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 58 cases. Forty‐six of the 58 stained positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) (ductal/urothelial origin) and one of the 58 stained positive for prostate‐specific antigen. Dogs with CK 7‐positive tumours were younger when castrated than dogs with CK 7‐negative tumours, 2 versus 7 years (P = 0.03); dogs castrated at ≤2 years of age were more likely to be CK 7‐positive (P = 0.009). These results show that most canine prostatic carcinomas are of ductal/urothelial, androgen‐independent origin. This is consistent with the epidemiological findings, showing increased risk in castrated dogs. Canine prostate cancer may, therefore, not be a realistic model for the human disease.
Apoplasmic Barriers and Oxygen Transport Properties of Hypodermal Cell Walls in Roots from Four Amazonian Tree Species
Authors: De Simone Oliviero , Haase Karen , Müller Ewald , Junk Wolfgang J. , Hartmann Klaus , Schreiber Lukas , Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe formation of suberized and lignified barriers in the exodermis is suggested to be part of a suite of adaptations to flooded or waterlogged conditions, adjusting transport of solutes and gases in and out of roots. In this study, the composition of apoplasmic barriers in hypodermal cell walls and oxygen profiles in roots and the surrounding medium of four Amazon tree species that are subjected to long-term flooding at their habitat was analyzed. In hypodermal cell walls of the deciduous tree Crateva benthami, suberization is very weak and dominated by monoacids, 2-hydroxy acids, and ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids. This species does not show any morphological adaptations to flooding and overcomes the aquatic period in a dormant state. Hypodermal cells of Tabernaemontana juruana, a tree which is able to maintain its leaf system during the aquatic phase, are characterized by extensively suberized walls, incrusted mainly by the unsaturated C18ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid and the α,ω-dicarboxylic acid analogon, known as typical suberin markers. Two other evergreen species,Laetia corymbulosa and Salix martiana, contained 3- to 4-fold less aliphatic suberin in the exodermis, but more than 85% of the aromatic moiety of suberin are composed ofpara-hydroxybenzoic acid, suggesting a function of suberin in pathogen defense. No major differences in the lignin content among the species were observed. Determination of oxygen distribution in the roots and rhizosphere of the four species revealed that radial loss of oxygen can be effectively restricted by the formation of suberized barriers but not by lignification of exodermal cell walls.
Expression Profiling and Bioinformatic Analyses of a Novel Stress-Regulated Multispanning Transmembrane Protein Family from Cereals and Arabidopsis,
Authors: Breton Ghislain , Danyluk Jean , Charron Jean-Benoı̂t Frenette , Sarhan Fathey 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Cold acclimation is a multigenic trait that allows hardy plants to develop efficient tolerance mechanisms needed for winter survival. To determine the genetic nature of these mechanisms, several cold-responsive genes of unknown function were identified from cold-acclimated wheat (Triticum aestivum). To identify the putative functions and structural features of these new genes, integrated genomic approaches of data mining, expression profiling, and bioinformatic predictions were used. The analyses revealed that one of these genes is a member of a small family that encodes two distinct groups of multispanning transmembrane proteins. The cold-regulated (COR)413-plasma membrane and COR413-thylakoid membrane groups are potentially targeted to the plasma membrane and thylakoid membrane, respectively. Further sequence analysis of the two groups from different plant species revealed the presence of a highly conserved phosphorylation site and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchoring site at the C-terminal end. No homologous sequences were found in other organisms suggesting that this family is specific to the plant kingdom. Intraspecies and interspecies comparative gene expression profiling shows that the expression of this gene family is correlated with the development of freezing tolerance in cereals and Arabidopsis. In addition, several members of the family are regulated by water stress, light, and abscisic acid. Structure predictions and comparative genome analyses allow us to propose that the cor413 genes encode putative G-protein-coupled receptors.
Chimeric RNA/DNA Oligonucleotide-Based Site-Specific Modification of the Tobacco Acetolactate Syntase Gene
Authors: Kochevenko Andrej , Willmitzer Lothar 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Single amino acid substitutions at either of two crucial positions in acetolactate synthase (ALS) result in a chlorsulfuron-insensitive form of this enzyme and, as a consequence, a herbicide-resistant phenotype. Here, we describe the successful in vivo targeting of endogenous tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) ALS genes using chimeric RNA/DNA and all-DNA oligonucleotides at two different locations. Similar number of conversion events with two different chimeras indicates the absence of restricting influence of genomic target sequence on the gene repair in tobacco. Chlorsulfuron-resistant plants were regenerated from calli after mesophyll protoplast electroporation or leaf tissue particle bombardment with these specifically constructed chimeras. Sequence analysis and enzyme assays proved the resulting alterations to ALS at both DNA and protein levels. Furthermore, foliar application of chlorsulfuron confirmed the development of resistant phenotypes. Lines with proline-196-alanine, threonine, glutamine, or serine substitutions or with tryptophan-573-leucine substitutions were highly resistant at both cellular and whole plant levels, whereas lines with proline-196-leucine substitutions were less resistant. The stability of these modifications was demonstrated by the continuous growth of calli on chlorsulfuron-containing medium and by the transmission of herbicide resistance to progeny in a Mendelian manner. Ability of haploid state to promote chimera-mediated conversions is discussed.
A Role for Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate in Abscisic Acid-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Guard Cells
Authors: Park Ki-Youb , Jung Ji-Yul , Park Jumok , Hwang Jae-Ung , Kim Yong-Woo , Hwang Inhwan , Lee Youngsook 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Guard cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to abscisic acid (ABA), which leads to stomatal closing. The upstream steps of the ABA-induced ROS generation pathway remain largely unknown. In animal cells, ROS generation in neutrophils is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). Stomatal guard cells contain PI3P and PI 3-kinase activity. In this study, we tested whether PI3P has a role in ROS generation in guard cells exposed to ABA. We found that PI 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 inhibited ABA-induced ROS generation and stomatal closing. Endosome-binding domain (of human EEA1), which specifically binds to PI3P, also inhibited ABA-induced ROS generation and stomatal closing when overexpressed in guard cells. Hydrogen peroxide partially reversed the effects of wortmannin or LY294002 on ABA-induced stomatal closing. These results support a role for PI3P in ABA-induced ROS generation and stomatal closing movement.
Laser Capture Microdissection of Cells from Plant Tissues
Authors: Kerk Nancy M. , Ceserani Teresa , Tausta S. Lorraine , Sussex Ian M. , Nelson Timothy M. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a technique by which individual cells can be harvested from tissue sections while they are viewed under the microscope, by tacking selected cells to an adhesive film with a laser beam. Harvested cells can provide DNA, RNA, and protein for the profiling of genomic characteristics, gene expression, and protein spectra from individual cell types. We have optimized LCM for a variety of plant tissues and species, permitting the harvesting of cells from paraffin sections that maintain histological detail. We show that RNA can be extracted from LCM-harvested plant cells in amount and quality that are sufficient for the comparison of RNAs among individual cell types. The linear amplification of LCM-captured RNA should permit the expression profiling of plant cell types.
Generation and Analysis of an Artificial Gene Dosage Series in Tomato to Study the Mechanisms by Which the Cloned Quantitative Trait Locus fw2.2 Controls Fruit Size
Authors: Liu Jiping , Cong Bin , Tanksley Steven D. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
It has been proposed that fw2.2 encodes a negative fruit-growth regulator that underlies natural fruit-size variation in tomato (Lycopersicon spp.) via heterochronic allelic variation of fw2.2 expression, rather than by variation in the structural protein itself. To further test the negative regulator and the transcriptional control hypotheses, a gene dosage series was constructed, which produced a wider range offw2.2 transcript accumulation than can be found in natural tomato populations. Fruit developmental analyses revealed thatfw2.2 transcript levels were highly correlated (negatively) with fruit mass, supporting the negative regulator and transcriptional regulation hypotheses. Further, the effect offw2.2 on fruit mass was mediated by repressing three- and two-dimensional cell division in placental and pericarp tissues, respectively. Finally, fw2.2 had little effect on fertility and seed size/number, indicating that fruit size effects offw2.2 are due largely to expression in the maternal tissues of developing fruit and not mediated through fertility or seed-setting-related processes.
A Novel Family in Medicago truncatula Consisting of More Than 300 Nodule-Specific Genes Coding for Small, Secreted Polypeptides with Conserved Cysteine Motifs,
Authors: Mergaert Peter , Nikovics Krisztina , Kelemen Zsolt , Maunoury Nicolas , Vaubert Danièle , Kondorosi Adam , Kondorosi Eva 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of Medicago truncatula nodules has led to the discovery of a gene family named NCR (nodule-specific cysteine rich) with more than 300 members. The encoded polypeptides were short (60–90 amino acids), carried a conserved signal peptide, and, except for a conserved cysteine motif, displayed otherwise extensive sequence divergence. Family members were found in pea (Pisum sativum), broad bean (Vicia faba), white clover (Trifolium repens), and Galega orientalis but not in other plants, including other legumes, suggesting that the family might be specific for galegoid legumes forming indeterminate nodules. Gene expression of all family members was restricted to nodules except for two, also expressed in mycorrhizal roots. NCR genes exhibited distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns in nodules and, thus, were coupled to different stages of development. The signal peptide targeted the polypeptides in the secretory pathway, as shown by green fluorescent protein fusions expressed in onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells. Coregulation of certain NCR genes with genes coding for a potentially secreted calmodulin-like protein and for a signal peptide peptidase suggests a concerted action in nodule development. Potential functions of the NCR polypeptides in cell-to-cell signaling and creation of a defense system are discussed.
Role of the Reversible Xanthophyll Cycle in the Photosystem II Damage and Repair Cycle in Dunaliella salina
Authors: Jin EonSeon , Yokthongwattana Kittisak , Polle Juergen E.W. , Melis Anastasios 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The Dunaliella salina photosynthetic apparatus organization and function was investigated in wild type (WT) and a mutant (zea1) lacking all β,β-epoxycarotenoids derived from zeaxanthin (Z). The zea1 mutant lacked antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin from its thylakoid membranes but constitutively accumulated Z instead. It also lacked the so-called xanthophyll cycle, which, upon irradiance stress, reversibly converts violaxanthin to Z via a de-epoxidation reaction. Despite the pronounced difference observed in the composition of β,β-epoxycarotenoids between WT and zea1, no discernible difference could be observed between the two strains in terms of growth, photosynthesis, organization of the photosynthetic apparatus, photo-acclimation, sensitivity to photodamage, or recovery from photo-inhibition. WT and zea1 were probed for the above parameters over a broad range of growth irradiance and upon light shift experiments (low light to high light shift and vice versa). A constitutive accumulation of Z in the zea1 strain did not affect the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to irradiance, as evidenced by indistinguishable irradiance-dependent adjustments in the chlorophyll antenna size and photosystem content of WT and zea1 strain. In addition, a constitutive accumulation of Z in the zea1 strain did not affect rates of photodamage or the recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus from photo-inhibition. However, Z in the WT accumulated in parallel with the accumulation of photodamaged PSII centers in the chloroplast thylakoids and decayed in tandem with a chloroplast recovery from photo-inhibition. These results suggest a role for Z in the protection of photodamaged and disassembled PSII reaction centers, apparently needed while PSII is in the process of degradation and replacement of the D1/32-kD reaction center protein.
Clustering of Microarray Data Reveals Transcript Patterns Associated with Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,
Authors: Thibaud-Nissen Françoise , Shealy Robin T. , Khanna Anupama , Vodkin Lila O. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Globular somatic embryos can be induced from immature cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Jack) placed on high levels of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Somatic embryos develop from the adaxial side of the cotyledon, whereas the abaxial side evolves into a callus. Using a 9,280-cDNA clone array, we have compared steady-state RNA from the adaxial side from which embryos develop and from the abaxial callus at five time points over the course of the 4 weeks necessary for the development of globular embryos. In a second set of experiments, we have profiled the expression of each clone in the adaxial side during the same period. A total of 495 genes differentially expressed in at least one of these experiments were grouped according to the similarity of their expression profiles using a nonhierarchical clustering algorithm. Our results indicate that the appearance of somatic embryos is preceded by dedifferentiation of the cotyledon during the first 2 weeks on auxin. Changes in mRNA abundance of genes characteristic of oxidative stress and genes indicative of cell division in the adaxial side of the cotyledons suggest that the arrangement of the new cells into organized structures might depend on a genetically controlled balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Our data also suggest that the formation of somatic globular embryos is accompanied by the transcription of storage proteins and the synthesis of gibberellic acid.
Effects of Form Familiarity on Perception of Words, Pseudowords, and Nonwords in the Two Cerebral Hemispheres
Authors: Jordan Timothy R. , Redwood Michelle , Patching Geoffrey R. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Previous investigations of hemispheric processes of word perception provide a mixed picture of the sensitivity of each hemisphere to the familiarity of the visual form of lateralized displays. We investigated this issue by presenting words, pseudowords, and nonwords briefly to either the left (LH) or right (RH) hemisphere in lowercase, uppercase, and a matched, unfamiliar mixed-case form, and used an eye tracker to ensure central fixation and the Reicher–Wheeler task to suppress influences of stimulus asymmetry. Familiarity of form exerted a substantial effect on perception. In particular, perception of LH and RH displays of words, pseudowords, and nonwords was least accurate for mixed case, intermediate for upper case, and most accurate for lowercase. However, form had no effect on the LH advantage observed for words, pseudowords, and nonwords, indicating that form affected processing in both hemispheres to a similar extent. Moreover, LH and RH displays both showed that mixed case disrupted performance most for words, and more for pseudowords than for nonwords, indicating the sensitivity to form shown by each hemisphere reflected more than a general perceptual process. Implications for the role of form familiarity in hemispheric processing of words are discussed.