bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Fetal Radiation-Induced Cancer Risk From Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography During Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study Across a Multihospital Integrated Health Care Network
Authors: Cohen Stuart L. , Feizullayeva Chinara , Wang Jason J. , Chan Nicholas , McCandlish John Austin , Cronin Paul P. , Barish Matthew A. , O'Connell William , Sanelli Pina C. 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is important to evaluate suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy but has maternal/fetal radiation risks. The objective of this study was to estimate maternal and fetal radiation-induced cancer risk from CTPA during pregnancy.

Methods
Simulation modeling via the National Cancer Institute's Radiation Risk Assessment Tool was used to estimate excess cancer risks from 17 organ doses from CTPA during pregnancy, with doses determined by a radiation dose indexing monitoring system. Organ doses were obtained from a radiation dose indexing monitoring system. Maternal and fetal cancer risks per 100,000 were calculated for male and female fetuses and several maternal ages.

Results
The 534 CTPA examinations had top 3 maternal organ doses to the breast, lung, and stomach of 17.34, 15.53, and 9.43 mSv, respectively, with a mean uterine dose of 0.21 mSv. The total maternal excess risks of developing cancer per 100,000 were 181, 151, 121, 107, 94.5, 84, and 74.4, respectively, for a 20-, 25-, 30-, 35-, 40-, 45-, and 50-year-old woman undergoing CTPA, compared with baseline cancer risks of 41,408 for 20-year-old patients. The total fetal excess risks of developing cancer per 100,000 were 12.3 and 7.3 for female and male fetuses, respectively, when compared with baseline cancer risks of 41,227 and 48,291.

Discussion
Excess risk of developing cancer from CTPA was small relative to baseline cancer risk for pregnant patients and fetuses, decreased for pregnant patients with increasing maternal age, and was greater for female fetuses than male fetuses.
Noninvasive Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Status Prediction in Grade II/III Glioma Based on Magnetic Resonance Images: A Transfer Learning Strategy
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Yuyao , Yang Yang , Han Yu , Yu Ying , Hu Yuchuan , Liang Shouheng , Sun Qian , Shang Danting , Bi Jiajun , Cui Guangbin , Yan Linfeng 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate transfer learning combined with various convolutional neural networks (TL-CNNs) in predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) status of grade II/III gliomas.

Methods
Grade II/III glioma patients diagnosed at the Tangdu Hospital (August 2009 to May 2017) were retrospectively enrolled, including 54 patients with IDH1 mutant and 56 patients with wild-type IDH1. Convolutional neural networks, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and VGGNet were fine-tuned with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1CE) images. The single-modal networks were integrated with averaged sigmoid probabilities, logistic regression, and support vector machine. FLAIR-T1CE-fusion (FC-fusion), T2WI-T1CE-fusion (TC-fusion), and FLAIR-T2WI-T1CE-fusion (FTC-fusion) were used for fine-tuning TL-CNNs.

Results

IDH1-mutant prediction accuracies using AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and VGGNet achieved 70.0% (AUC = 0.660), 65.0% (AUC = 0.600), 70.0% (AUC = 0.700), and 80.0% (AUC = 0.730) for T2WI images, 70.0% (AUC = 0.660), 70.0% (AUC = 0.620), 70.0% (AUC = 0.710), and 80.0% (AUC = 0.720) for FLAIR images, and 73.7% (AUC = 0.744), 73.7% (AUC = 0.656), 73.7% (AUC = 0.633), and 73.7% (AUC = 0.700) for T1CE images, respectively. The highest AUC (0.800) was achieved using VGGNet and FC-fusion images.

Conclusions
TL-CNNs (especially VGGNet) had a potential predictive value for IDH1-mutant status of grade II/III gliomas.
Medial Patellar Plica Thickness as a Morphologic Predictor of the Medial Patellar Plica Syndrome
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , Lee Kyu-Chong , Yoon Do Won , Kim Taeho 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between medial patellar plica (MPP) syndrome and the morphological features of the MPP, including length, width, and thickness, on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods
From 2018 to 2022, 167 patients diagnosed with isolated MPP syndrome based on both MRI and arthroscopic findings were included in the “study group” and 226 patients without knee pathology on both MRI and physical examination were included in the “control group.” Finally, 393 patients (mean age, 38.9 ± 5.7 years) with 405 knee MRI examinations were included. Morphological MR features of MPP were assessed, including width, length, and thickness. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with MPP syndrome.

Results
The mean thickness of MPP was significantly higher in the study group than control group (2.3 ± 0.5 mm vs 1.0 ± 0.8 mm, P < 0.001). Moreover, on multivariate analysis, MPP thickness was the only significant factor associated with MPP syndrome (odds ratio, 6.452; 95% confidence interval, 0.816–15.073; P = 0.002). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, thickness ≥1.8 mm was estimated as the optimal cutoff for predicting MPP syndrome with sensitivity of 75.9%, specificity of 65.4%, and area under the curve of 0.727 (95% confidence interval, 0.667–0.788; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Measurement of MPP thickness on MRI could be a morphological predictor of MPP syndrome.
Radiosensitizing Favors Response to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Patients With Highly Proliferative Neuroendocrine Malignancies
Authors: Trautwein Nils Florian , Hinterleitner Clemens , Kiefer Lena Sophie , Singer Stephan , Mattern Sven , Schwenck Johannes , Reischl Gerald , Sipos Bence , Lauer Ulrich M. , Dittmann Helmut , Zender Lars , la Fougère Christian , Hinterleitner Martina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aim/Introduction
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) represents a cornerstone of treatment regimens for patients with low proliferative neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, in patients experiencing somatostatin receptor–positive NET with higher proliferation rates, a value and potential therapeutic benefit of PRRT as part of multimodal treatment approaches and potentially with addition of radiosensitizing agents has not yet been established.

Patients and Methods
In this study, 20 patients with histologically confirmed gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NET with proliferation rates (Ki67) between 15% and 55% were treated either with PRRT only (n = 10) or with a combination therapy (n = 10) comprising PRRT and capecitabine/temozolomide (CAP/TEM) for at least 2 consecutive cycles.

Results
Disease control rate in patients treated with PRRT alone was 60% (40% stable disease and 20% partial response). Strikingly, in patients treated with PRRT in combination with radiosensitization (CAP/TEM), the disease control rate was 90% (20% stable disease and 70% partial response). The median progression-free survival in the PRRT only group was 12 months, whereas the median progression-free survival in the PRRT + CAP/TEM group was 26 months and has not been yet reached for all patients in the group during the observation period. The median disease-specific survival for patients with PRRT alone was 51 months, whereas this end point was not yet reached in the PRRT + CAP/TEM group. Moreover, the PRRT + CAP/TEM group showed a significantly higher reduction of SSTR-PET–based metabolic tumor volume and chromogranin A levels compared with the PRRT only group. Importantly, adverse events of all grades did not differ between both groups.

Conclusions
PRRT + CAP/TEM represents a highly promising and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen for patients experiencing somatostatin receptor–positive NET with higher (Ki67 ≥ 15%) proliferation rate. Prospective randomized clinical trials are warranted.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy During Long-term Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Human Donor Livers for up to 7 D
Authors: Lascaris Bianca , Hoffmann Roland F. , Nijsten Maarten W.N. , Porte Robert J. , de Meijer Vincent E. 
Published: January 2024

Background.
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is used to preserve and test donor livers before transplantation. During NMP, the liver is metabolically active and produces waste products, which are released into the perfusate. In this study, we describe our simplified and inexpensive setup that integrates continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with NMP for up to 7 d. We also investigated if the ultrafiltrate could be used for monitoring perfusate concentrations of small molecules such as glucose and lactate.

Methods.
Perfusate composition (urea, osmolarity, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, glucose, and lactate) was analyzed from 56 human NMP procedures without CRRT. Next, in 6 discarded human donor livers, CRRT was performed during NMP by integrating a small dialysis filter (0.2 m2) into the circuit to achieve continuous ultrafiltration combined with continuous fluid substitution for up to 7 d.

Results.
Within a few hours of NMP without CRRT, a linear increase in osmolarity and concentrations of urea and phosphate to supraphysiological levels was observed. After integration of CRRT into the NMP circuit, the composition of the perfusate was corrected to physiological values within 12 h, and this homeostasis was maintained during NMP for up to 7 d. Glucose and lactate levels, as measured in the CRRT ultrafiltrate, were strongly correlated with perfusate levels (r = 0.997, P < 0.001 and r = 0.999, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions.
The integration of CRRT into the NMP system corrected the composition of the perfusate to near-physiological values, which could be maintained for up to 7 d. The ultrafiltrate can serve as an alternative to the perfusate to monitor concentrations of small molecules without potentially compromising sterility.
Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Antenatal Steroid Exposure among Late Preterm Births
Authors: Clapp Mark A. , Cohen Jessica L. , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Kaimal Anjali J. , Lorch Scott A , Wright Jason D. , Melamed Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the risk of preterm birth is known to vary widely, we aimed to determine if antenatal steroid exposure among LPBs varied based on sociodemographic characteristics. We hypothesized that sociodemographic factors may influence a provider ‘s clinical judgment of a patient ‘s likelihood of preterm birth and, therefore, also be associated with antenatal steroid use. This cross-sectional analysis used the 2021 US natality data and included non-anomalous, liveborn, hospital-based singleton births at ≥34 weeks of gestation to mothers without diabetes, a cohort similar to those in the ALPS Trial. The following sociodemographic factors were compared among those who received vs. did not receive steroids using chi-square tests: age, race (as designated and categorized on the birth certificate), ethnicity, primary pay for the delivery, marital status, and education. In 2021, 237,025 late preterm births met eligibility criteria, of which 17.3% were exposed to antenatal steroids. Among the following sociodemographic factors, the odds of antenatal steroid receipt were lower compared to the reference majority population: 1) Black (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.88 (95% CI 0.81, 0.96)) and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) (aOR 0.58 (95% CI 0.43, 0.79) compared to White race; 2) less than high school education (aOR 0.76 (95% CI 0.72, 0.81)) or high school education (Aor 0.87 (95% CI 0.83, 0.91)) compared to post-secondary education; and 3) public (aOR 0.83 (95% CI 0.78, 0.87)) or no insurance (aOR 0.68 (95% CI 0.61, 0.77)) compared to private insurance. Age and marital status were not associated with steroid receipt. Despite no known differential treatment effects of antenatal steroids by sociodemographic factors, steroid exposure among LBPs varied significantly among races, ethnicities, payers, and education levels in the US.
The Menstrual Practice Needs Scale Short Form (MPNS-SF) and Rapid (MPNS-R): Development in Khulna, Bangladesh, and validation in cross-sectional surveys from Bangladesh and Uganda
Authors: Hennegan Julie , Hasan Md. Tanvir , Jalil Tasfiyah , Hunter Erin C , Head Alexandra , Jabbar Abdul , Mohosin Arifa Bente , Zoha Nigar Sultana , Alam Muhammad Khairul , Dunstan Laura , Akter Sabina , Zaman Afreen , Kaiser Adrita , Smith Calum , Bagala Lillian , Azzopardi Peter S 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesDevelop and validate short and rapid forms of the 36-item Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36).DesignItem reduction prioritised content validity and was informed by cognitive interviews with schoolgirls in Bangladesh, performance of scale items in past research, and stakeholder feedback. The original MPNS-36 was revalidated, and short and rapid forms tested in a cross-sectional survey. This was followed by further tests of dimensionality, internal consistency, and validity in multiple cross-sectional surveys.Setting and participantsShort form (MPNS-SF) and rapid form (MPNS-R) measures were developed in a survey of 313 menstruating girls (mean age=13.51) in Khulna, Bangladesh. They were further tested in the baseline survey of the Adolescent Menstrual Experiences and Health Cohort, in Khulna, Bangladesh (891 menstruating girls, mean age=12.40); and the dataset from the MPNS-36 development in Soroti, Uganda (538 menstruating girls, mean age=14.49).ResultsThe 18-item short form reflects the six original subscales, with the four core subscales demonstrating good fit in all three samples (Khulna pilot: RMSEA=0.064 90%CI 0.043-0.084, CFI=.94, TLI=.92. Cohort baseline: RMSEA=0.050 90%CI 0.039-0.062, CFI=.96, TLI=.95. Uganda: RMSEA=0.039 90%CI 0.028-0.050, CFI=.95, TLI=.94). The 9-item rapid form captures diverse needs. A two-factor structure was the most appropriate but fell short of adequate fit (Khulna pilot: RMSEA=0.092 90%CI 0.000-0.158, CFI=.93, TLI=.89). Hypothesised associations between the MPNS scores and other constructs were comparable between the MPNS-36 and MPNS-SF in all populations, and replicated, with attenuation, in the MPNS-R. Internal consistency remained acceptable.ConclusionsThe MPNS-SF offers a reliable and valid measure of adolescent girls’ menstrual hygiene experience while reducing participant burden, to support implementation and improve measurement in menstrual health research. The MPNS-R provides a brief measure with poorer structural validity, suited to including menstrual health within broader water, sanitation and hygiene or sexual and reproductive health research.
TNFR2 blockade promotes anti-tumoral immune response in PDAC by targeting activated Treg and reducing T cell exhaustion
Authors: Debesset A. , Pilon C. , Meunier S. , Bonizec O. , Richer W. , Thiolat A. , Houppe C. , Ponzo M. , Magnan J. , Caudana P. , Tosello Boari Jimena , Baulande Sylvain , To N.H. , Salomon B.L. , Piaggio E. , Cascone I. , Cohen J.L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, highly resistant to standard chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing TNFα receptor 2 (TNFR2) contribute to immunosuppression in PDAC. Treg infiltration correlates with poor survival and tumor progression in PDAC patients. We hypothesized that TNFR2 inhibition using a blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) could shift the Treg-effector T cell balance in PDAC, thus enhancing anti-tumoral responses.MethodTo support this hypothesis, we first described TNFR2 expression in a cohort of 24 PDAC patients from publicly available single-cell analysis data. In orthotopic and immunocompetent mouse models of PDAC, we also described the immune environment of PDAC after immune cell sorting and single-cell analysis. The modifications of the immune environment before and after anti-TNFR2 mAb treatment were evaluated as well as effect on tumor progression.ResultsPDAC patients exhibited elevated TNFR2 expression in Treg, myeloid cells and endothelial cells but low level in ductal cells. By flow cytometry and single cell RNAseq analysis, we identified two Treg populations in orthotopic mouse models: resting and activated Tregs. The anti-TNFR2 mAb selectively targeted activated tumor-infiltrating Tregs, reducing T cell exhaustion markers in CD8+T cells. However, anti-TNFR2 treatment alone had limited efficacy in activating CD8+T cells and only slightly reduced the tumor growth. The combination of the anti-TNFR2 mAb with agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs promoted stronger T cell activation, tumor growth inhibition, and improved survival and immunological memory in PDAC-bearing mice.ConclusionOur data suggest that combining a CD40 agonist with a TNFR2 antagonist represents a promising therapeutic strategy for PDAC patients.
Constitutive sodium permeability in aC. eleganstwo-pore domain potassium channel
Authors: Andrini O , Ben Soussia I , Tardy P , Walker DS , Peña-Varas C , Ramírez D , Gendrel M , Mercier M , El Mouridi S , Leclercq-Blondel A , González W , Schafer WR , Jospin M , Boulin T 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYTwo-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels play a central role in modulating cellular excitability and neuronal function. The unique structure of the selectivity filter in K2P and other potassium channels determines their ability to allow the selective passage of potassium ions across cell membranes. The nematodeC. eleganshas one of the largest K2P families, with 47 subunit-coding genes. This remarkable expansion has been accompanied by the evolution of atypical selectivity filter sequences that diverge from the canonical TxGYG motif. Whether and how this sequence variation may impact the function of K2P channels has not been investigated so far. Here we show that the UNC-58 K2P channel is constitutively permeable to sodium ions and that a cysteine residue in its selectivity filter is responsible for this atypical behavior. Indeed, by performingin vivoelectrophysiological recordings and Ca2+imaging experiments, we demonstrate that UNC-58 has a depolarizing effect in muscles and sensory neurons. Consistently,unc-58gain-of-function mutants are hypercontracted, unlike the relaxed phenotype observed in hyperactive mutants of many neuromuscular K2P channels. Finally, by combining molecular dynamics simulations with functional studies inXenopus laevisoocytes, we show that the atypical cysteine residue plays a key role in the unconventional sodium permeability of UNC-58. As predicting the consequences of selectivity filter sequence variationsin silicoremains a major challenge, our study illustrates how functional experiments are essential to determine the contribution of such unusual potassium channels to the electrical profile of excitable cells.SIGNIFICANCEPotassium channels play a central role in modulating cellular excitability, particularly of neuronal cells. Their unique structure determines their ability to let ions pass selectively through cell membranes. The impact of pathological or evolutionary variations in this selectivity filter remains difficult to predict. Here, we reveal that UNC-58, a member of the two-pore domain potassium channel family ofC. elegans, exhibits an unusual sodium permeability due to a unique cysteine residue in its selectivity filter. Our findings underscore the importance of functional studies to determine how sequence variation in potassium channel selectivity filters can shape the electrical profiles of excitable cells.
The ecological relevance of flagellar motility in soil bacterial communities
Authors: Ramoneda Josep , Fan Kunkun , Lucas Jane M. , Chu Haiyan , Bissett Andrew , Strickland Michael S. , Fierer Noah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlagellar motility is a key bacterial trait as it allows bacteria to navigate their immediate surroundings. Not all bacteria are capable of flagellar motility, and the distribution of this trait, its ecological associations, and the life history strategies of flagellated taxa remain poorly characterized. We developed and validated a genome-based approach to infer the potential for flagellar motility across 12 bacterial phyla (26,192 genomes in total). The capacity for flagellar motility was associated with a higher prevalence of genes for carbohydrate metabolism and higher maximum potential growth rates, suggesting that flagellar motility is more prevalent in resource-rich environments due to the energetic costs associated with this trait. To test this hypothesis, we focused on soil bacterial communities, where flagellar motility is expected to be particularly important given the heterogeneous nature of the soil environment. We applied a method to infer the prevalence of flagellar motility in whole bacterial communities from metagenomic data, and quantified the prevalence of flagellar motility across 4 independent field studies that each captured putative gradients in soil carbon availability (148 metagenomes). As expected, we observed a positive relationship between the prevalence of bacterial flagellar motility and soil carbon availability in each of these datasets. Given that soil carbon availability is often correlated with other factors that could influence the prevalence of flagellar motility, we validated these observations using metagenomic data acquired from a soil incubation experiment where carbon availability was directly manipulated with glucose amendments, confirming that the prevalence of bacterial flagellar motility is consistently associated with soil carbon availability over other potential confounding factors. Flagellar motility is a fundamental phenotypic trait for bacterial adaptation to soil, defining life history strategies primarily associated with resource availability. More generally, this work highlights the value of combining genomic and metagenomic approaches to expand our understanding of microbial phenotypic traits and reveal their general environmental associations.
In VitroNeutrophil-Bacteria Assay in Whole Blood Microenvironments with Single-Cell Confinement
Authors: Li Chao , Hendrikse Nathan W. , Argall-Knapp Zach , Mai Makenna , Kim Jun Sung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBlood is a common medium through which invasive bacterial infections disseminate in the human body.In vitroneutrophil-bacteria assays allow flexible mechanistic studies and screening of interventional strategies. In standard neutrophil-bacteria assays, both the immune cells and microorganisms are typically interrogated in an exogenous, homogeneous, bulk fluid environment (e.g., culture media or bacterial broth in microtiter plates), lacking the relevant physicochemical factors in the heterogenous blood-tissue microenvironment (e.g., capillary bed) with single-cell confinement. Here we present anin vitroneutrophil-bacteria assay by leveraging an open microfluidic model known as “μ-Blood” that supports sub-microliter liquid microchannels with single-cell confinement. In this study we compare the exogenous and endogenous fluids including neutrophils in RPMI (standard suspension cell culture media) and whole blood in response toStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus, a gram-positive, non-motile bacterium) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB), and human serum. Our results reveal a significant disparity between the exogenous and endogenous fluid microenvironments in the growth kinetics of bacteria, the spontaneous generation of capillary (i.e., Marangoni) flow, and the outcome of neutrophil intervention on the spreading bacteria.