bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on harmless treatment of electrolytic manganese residue by low temperature thermochemical method
Authors: Xie Zhihan , Liu Rongjin , Lu Fuhua , Jing Daiyan , Zhao Yanrong , Liang Jianbo , Huang Wanyu , Liu Yuhang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Electrolytic Manganese Residue (EMR) is a by-product of the electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) industry, containing high concentrations of potential pollutants such as NH4+-N and soluble Mn2+. These components pose a serious threat to the ecological environment. To explore accurate, efficient, and harmless treatment methods for EMR, this study proposes a low-temperature thermochemical approach. The orthogonal experiment design investigates the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, CaO, Na2CO3, Na3PO4, and water consumption on manganese solidified and ammonia removal from EMR. The results indicate that optimal conditions are a reaction temperature of 60℃ and a reaction time of 10 minutes. CaO precipitates Mn2+ as Mn(OH)2, achieving effective manganese solidified and ammonia removal. The addition of Na2CO3 causes Mn2+ to form MnCO3 precipitate, while Na3PO4 makes Mn2+ form Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O. Increased water consumption enhances the interaction adequacy between ions. Under optimal conditions (CaO 10%, Na2CO3 1%, Na3PO4 0.5%, and 80% water consumption), the removal rate of ammonium ions reaches 98.5%, and the solidification rate of soluble Mn2+ is 99.9%. The order of influence on ammonium ion removal is CaO > water consumption > Na3PO4 > Na2CO3. This study provides a novel approach for the efficient and environmentally friendly harmless treatment of EMR.
Hazzard assessment and cytogenotoxic effects of different concentrations of mercury chloride sterilant using an onion (Allium cepa) assay
Authors: ANIMASAUN DAVID ADEDAYO , ADEDIBU PETER ADEOLU , AFOLABI SAHEED OLAREWAJU , ABDULKAREEM KHADIJAH ABDULHAMID , IBRAHIM SARAFADEEN , KRISHNAMURTY RAMAR 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Allium cepa assay represents a crucial in vivo model for evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of substances. This study investigated the cytogenotoxicity potential of mercury chloride (HgCl2), a laboratory disinfectant and catalyst, using an Allium cepa assay. Mitotic slides were prepared from onion root tip cells grown on media supplemented with different concentrations of HgCl2 (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%). The slides were observed to evaluate cytogenotoxicity based on measurements of the mitotic index, mitotic inhibition percentage, clastogenic alterations, and root length over 10 days. The results suggest that the concentrations used may harm the cell, leading to adverse impacts on the mitotic index, mitotic inhibition, root growth and chromosome structure. Different chromosomal aberrations, such as bridge formation, fragmentation, wandering chromosomes, stickiness, binucleus formation and micronucleus formation, were detected depending on the concentration. Although lower concentrations (0.2–0.4%) had fewer effects on the cells, they still had a significant cytogenotoxic effect (p < 0.05) compared to that of the control (0.0%). The higher the concentration was, the greater the effects on clastogenic changes. The observed abnormalities in both mitotic spread and root growth indicate that mercury chloride is cytotoxic even at low concentrations and can cause mitotic-depressive effects at higher concentrations. The results of this investigation can be used as a guide to guarantee sufficient safety precautions for people and organs during the regular use of HgCl2.
Maternal chronic unpredictable mild stress alters affective behaviors in offspring rats through persistent activation of Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Fu Youjuan , Liu Ting , Liu Can , Wang Rui , Li Ye , Zhu Jiashu , Guan Suanzhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Maternal chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring, including anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. There is mounting evidence that these behavioral phenotypes have origins in utero, which provided that corticosterone, as a stress hormone, penetrates the placental barrier and enters the fetal body and reprograms the early neural development. Notch signaling pathway is involved in the entire life cycle from embryonic development to birth to death, and mainly regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, synaptic plasticity and neuronal damage repair, and it has been intensively involved in emotional functioning. However, the role of Notch signaling pathway in affective behaviors of offspring has not been determined. In the present study, the function of Notch signaling pathway in affective behaviors was investigated in open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) in offspring. The results showed that maternal chronic unpredictable mild stress alters affective behaviors in offspring. We examined HPA axis related hormones, hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis and Notch signaling pathway in offspring. Maternal CUMS damage hippocampal pathology structure and synaptic plasticity in childhood and adolescence offspring, suggesting Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus was activated. Furthermore, we explored the role and mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in HT22 cell damage after high corticosterone exposure in vitro. Taken together, these results indicate that maternal chronic unpredictable mild stress alters affective behaviors in offspring rats through persistent activation of Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus.
Identification and Characterization of Highly Potential Post-Disaster Isolated Areas through Sorting Social Vulnerability
Authors: Sheu Jiuh-Biing , Chen Yenming , Chang Kuo-Hao , Li KUAN TING , Liu Chih-Hao , Chang Tzu-Yin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Identifying and characterizing post-disaster isolated areas are critical to the success of large-scale disaster management. A post-disaster isolated area (PDIA) refers to an area that can hardly be reached because of the destruction of traffic networks amid a disaster. Lacking relief and medical resources also inflicts psychological impacts on vulnerable dwellers in a PDIA. We believe humanitarian relief can be planned prior to disaster devastation. If a connected area has installed a relief facility, such as a hospital, the road damage may not severely affect the residents in PDIAs. This study enables the exploration of PDIAs characterized by the possibility of disaster occurrence and social vulnerability; and moreover, identifying the size of connected areas, also called responsible areas, to facilitate emergency relief supply and distribution in PDIAs amid a disaster. This research represents a joint venture with a national-level government agent, targeting a highly vulnerable territory that permits, efficiently and effectively, identifying and characterizing PDIAs from the perspective of social vulnerability. We adopt multi-data sources that incorporate socioeconomic, geographic, and disaster impact data gained and inputted from a national earthquake impact information platform. By conceptualizing and incorporating a syncretic disaster-risk index into the clustering metric, managerial endeavor becomes possible. We find that the chosen sizes of responsible areas of PDIAs are decisive, and by managing to maintain at least one relief facility in each PDIA, the impact on the dwellers can be mitigated.
Impacts of fusel oil-diesel blends fuel on exhaust emissions of single-cylinder CI engine
Authors: Awad Omar I. , Suwaed Mahmood Sh. , Abed Adnan Ajam , Al-Rubaye Ameer H. , Mohammed M. N. , Hasan Mohammed M. , Chen Zhenbin , Kamil Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Alcohol-based fuels, namely fusel oil, have garnered considerable interest as viable alternatives owing to their manufacturing, accessibility, and environmental advantages. This study's main objective is to ascertain how effectively a compression ignition (CI) engine operates and how much pollution it emits when running at various loads and speeds on a mixture of fusel oil and diesel (known as "F20"). To ensure the engine's fuel system remained unaltered, a set blending ratio of 20% v/v was used. The experimental findings demonstrated a reduction in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions while using F20 in comparison to diesel, but it was observed that fuel consumption rose. The decreased energy content of fusel oil resulted in a reduction in fuel usage. Nevertheless, the use of F20 resulted in elevated emissions of CO and HC in comparison to diesel. The highest observed decrease in NOx emissions, up to 20%, was seen at an engine speed of 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm) and an engine load of 75%. This reduction may be due to the elevated water content present in fusel oil.
Genetic analysis of mate sorting in females and its association with host fruit specialization in interbreeding species of Drosophila
Authors: Erezyilmaz Deniz , Lu Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Physical linkage between alleles that confer mate choice and alleles that confer adaptive traits can drive speciation and maintain species despite gene flow. Theoretical models predict that tight linkage is not necessary for ecological speciation to occur but there are few empirical examples to illustrate this idea. Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia are two nascent species of vinegar fly that are still able to interbreed. D. sechellia is an island endemic that has adapted to the fruit of Morinda citrifolia, which is toxic to D. simulans. The two species prefer to mate with their own species, and crosses between D. simulans males and D. sechellia females are rarely successful. Here, we have applied HT-seq based QTL mapping to identify loci that contribute to mate sorting in females and ask if those alleles are linked to genomic regions that confer adaptation to M. citrifola fruit. We find that mate choice in females is determined by two major effect loci, one on each arm of the third chromosome that interact through epistasis and are found roughly in the same location in both backcrosses. Some female mate sorting loci are found tightly linked to major effect loci that confer male mate sorting and M. citrifolia toxin resistance, but others are more loosely clustered in a ~12 Mbp segment. We suggest that this entangled genetic architecture could have been a factor in the initial divergence between species as well as maintenance of species boundaries during ongoing hybridization between wild D. simulans and D. sechellia.
Integrated robotic machining error compensation for intersecting hole of large spherical shells
Authors: ma shoudong , Lu Yong , Deng Kenan , Wu Zhihang , Xu Xu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Industrial robots are emerging for applications in machining critical components such as flange holes for spherical, cylindrical, and other types of vacuum vessel components. However, the main factor limiting their machining applications is the relatively low stiffness of industrial robots, leading to tool path errors during machining. Hence, this paper proposed an integrated error compensation method considering intersecting hole position and axial tolerance constraints. Firstly, a robot machining trajectory is generated, and the cutting allowance and sampling strategy are determined by running the machining trajectory empty run before machining. Then, integrated constraints are introduced, and a new target hole surface is constructed as a mirror surface under the integrated constraints of error compensation. The tool path is adjusted according to the mirror compensation principle to ensure consistency between the machined and nominal holes. The integrated constraints enable a quick and effective assessment of the suitability of the workpiece for precision machining before actual machining, thereby eliminating unnecessary machining of unqualified workpieces and improving productivity. The reconstructed target hole surface satisfies the integrated constraint criterion and achieves a balanced combination of positional and axial tolerances, making full use of both types of tolerances. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified on a large workpiece. The experimental results show that the positional error is reduced from uncompensated (1.03, -0.51) mm to compensated (0.25, -0.005) mm, and the axial error of the intersecting hole surface is reduced from uncompensated 22.32 mm to compensated 1.39 mm.
Heated Tobacco Products- Well Known or Well Understood? A National Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Usage in Pakistan
Authors: Irshad Hammad Atif , Jehanzeb Hamzah , Raja Sajjan , Saleem Umair , Shaikh Wamiq Ali , Shahzad Akmal , Amirali Atiqa , Iqbal Nousheen , Khan Javaid Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are reshaping the tobacco industry and just recently, a plan was sought to regularize HTPs in Pakistan. Pakistan provides an intriguing case study in this context, as tobacco use is deeply ingrained in public use. To ensure that future evidence-based policy recommendations are grounded in the public's knowledge, attitudes, and usage of HTPs, a nationwide survey on the topic must be conducted.
Methods: We conducted a nationwide web-based cross-sectional study in Pakistan to assess knowledge, attitudes, and usage of HTPs among adults (age ≥ 18). A questionnaire was created combining previous tobacco-based public questionnaires and was content validated through pulmonologists at AKU. Additionally, it was pilottested for face validity and internal consistency, consequentlyverified using Cronbach Alpha. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 17.
Results:In our sample of 1195 respondents with a mean age of 33.17±3.70 comprising of 41.8% males and 58.2% females from Pakistan, 54.7% had heard about HTPs before the survey and 16.9% reported using HTPs at least once. Additionally, 38.24% were unsure of the legality of HTP use. Those with monthly household incomes of PKR 100,000 to 500,000, were more likely to have higher knowledge scores (OR:1.80[1.07-3.04]). On the other hand, males (OR:0.70 [0.55-0.89]) and respondents from Balochistan (OR:0.40 [0.22-0.71]) had lesser odds of high knowledge scores. The strongest motivators were the enjoyability of HTPs (55.73%) and usage as a cigarette alternative (54.64%), while the strongest deterrents were the negative health effects (82.68%) and potential for addiction (81.01%).
Conclusion: Our study underscores the need for awareness campaigns and interventions concerning HTPs, given prevalent preconceived notions and mixed attitudes among respondents. These insights form the basis for informed policy making for non-cigarette tobacco products.
The factors of quality of life among patients after myocardial infarction in Poland: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kolarczyk Ewelina , Kohanová Dominika , Witkowska Agnieszka , Szymiczek Marek , Młynarska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL)is a multidimensional concept that considers the physical, emotional and social impact of disease on a patient’s life.Cardiovascular diseases, due to their prevalence as well as social and economic effects, are a special group in which the assessment of quality of life should be performed. This study aimed to examine the level of quality of life (QoL) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) in relation to sociodemographic factors and the degree of functioning in chronic disease.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional, single-centre study carried out between June 2021 and June 2022. The study was conducted among 231 patients who were hospitalized for myocardial infarction (MI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Racibórz Medical Center. The WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL BREF) andthe Chronic Disease Functioning Scale(FCIS) were used. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results
The quality of life level was intermediate (range 5.44–5.53).The analysis showed statistically significant differences in the average QoL level depending on higher education levels and the prevalence of diabetes and other chronic diseases(p < 0.05). The analysis using Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation (coefficient value 0.5 < |r/rho| ≤ 0.7) between general functioning in chronic disease and the average QoL (rho = 0.56;p < 0.001)and somatic QoL levels(rho = 0.52;p < 0.001), as well as a moderately strong positive correlation with the QoL level on the psychological domain (rho = 0.50;p < 0.001), social domain (rho = 0.48;p < 0.001) and environmental domain (rho = 0.43;p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The identification of indicators of lower physical and mental HRQoL in patients with MI allows for targeted counselling and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), which translates into a reduction in the risk of further cardiovascular events and related rehospitalization. Therefore, the assessment of HRQoL should be considered a central indicator of the need for medical services, the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on patients after MI.
A novel non-destructive detection approach for seed cotton lint percentage by using deep learning
Authors: Geng Lijie , Yan Pengji , Ji Zhikun , Song Chunyu , Song Shuaifei , Zhang Ruiliang , Zhang Zhifeng , Zhai Yusheng , Jiang liying , Yang Kun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The lint percentage of seed cotton is one the most important parameters in evaluation the seed cotton quality, which affects the price of the seed cotton during the purchase and sale. The traditional method of measuring lint percentage is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and thus there is a need for an efficient and accurate method. In recent years, classification-based machine learning and computer vision have shown promise in solving various classification tasks.
Results
In this study, we propose a new approach for detecting lint percentage using MobileNetV2 and transfer learning. The model is deployed on the Lint Percentage detection instrument, which can rapidly and accurately determine the lint percentage of seed cotton. We evaluated the performance of the proposed approach using a dataset of 66924 seed cotton images from different regions of China. The results from the experiments showed that the model achieved an average accuracy of 98.43% in classification with an average precision of 94.97%, an average recall of 95.26%, and an average F1-score of 95.20%. Furthermore, the proposed classification model also achieved an average ac-curacy of 97.22% in calculating the lint percentage, showing no significant difference from the performance of experts (independent-samples t test, t = 0.019, p = 0.860).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the MobileNetV2 model and transfer learning in calculating the lint percentage of seed cotton. The proposed approach is a promising alternative to the traditional method, offering a rapid and accurate solution for the industry.
Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Expect Drilling Fluid Density , Rate Infiltration and Loss Circulation Anticipation
Authors: Mahamadou Abdoulaye Seyni , Jun Gu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The success of drilling operations depends on several factors, including the drilling properties, and environmental and financial constraints. However, relying solely on lab testing is often insufficient due to limited resources and time. Drilling operations can result in significant costs due to loss of circulation. To address this issue, we propose using AI and machine learning techniques to predict drilling fluid density and prevent circulation loss using an intelligent approach. We conducted scientific evaluations of the rheological properties and mud components of polyacrylamide/polyethyleneimine (PAM) mud. Four distinct ML algorithms (the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, particle swarm optimization-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, least squares support vector machine with a genetic algorithm, and radial basis function) were used to investigate the rheological qualities of various mud components at different concentrations and test conditions. In the LSSVM-GA model, we found that the linear equation for predicting fluid density was "y = 1.0041x + 0.0019", with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9966. The RBF model was used to predict fluid density due to its superior performance over other conventional models. The linear equation for predicting fluid density was "y = 1.0009x + 0.0034", with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9999. Based on our experience, we have found that by using an appropriate combination of materials, we can achieve satisfactory rheological properties, thereby avoiding circulation loss incidents
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Mature Interleukin-18 Ameliorate Colitis and Repair Goblet Cell Function
Authors: Mu Jingxi , Maeda Keiko , Ohashi Ayako , Urano Takeshi , Nariai Yuko , Kamino Hiroki , Nakamura Masanao , Yamamura Takeshi , Sawada Tsunaki , Ishikawa Eri , Murate Kentaro , Yamamoto Kenta , Oishi Akina , Hirose Takashi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Iida Tadashi , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Ishikawa Takuya , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Numerous biological interventions and small molecules are used to treat Crohn’s disease; however, the effectiveness of these treatments varies largely. Non-responsiveness to biological therapies is associated with interleukin (IL)-18 gene polymorphisms and high IL-18 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease. This study aimed to elucidate the expressions of precursor and mature IL-18 in patients with Crohn’s disease who exhibited varied responses to cytokine-targeted treatments, and determine whether selective inhibition of mature IL-18 offers a novel therapeutic avenue. We generated a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the neoepitope of caspase-cleaved mature IL-18. Expressions of precursor and mature IL-18 and goblet cell function were analyzed in patients. Anti-mature IL-18 monoclonal antibodies were intraperitoneally administered in acute colitis mouse model, and the disease activity index, body weight loss, tissue pathology, proinflammatory cytokine expression, goblet cell function, and microbiota composition were assessed. Precursor and mature IL-18 expressions were upregulated and goblet cell function was impaired in patients with Crohn’s disease who were unresponsive to biological therapies. Administration of anti-mature IL-18 antibodies ameliorated induced colitis by repairing goblet cell function and restoring the mucus layer. Therefore, the newly developed monoclonal antibody holds promise as a therapeutic alternative for Crohn’s disease.