bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Potential Risk of Occupational Asthma in Dentists Exposed to Contaminated Dental Unit Waterlines
Authors: Pankhurst Caroline L , Coulter Wilson , Philpott-Howard John N , Surman-Lee Susanne , Warburton Fiona , Challacombe Stephen 
Published: April 2005

Introduction Most of the organisms isolated from dental unit waterlines (DUWL) are Gram-negative bacteria, which contain cell wall endotoxin. A consequence of endotoxin exposure is the exacerbation of asthma. Objectives This study examined the prevalence and onset of asthma among dentists and determined whether or not these were associated with the microbiological quality of DUWL in their practices. Methods 266 randomly selected dentists (100 from rural Northern Ireland, 166 from London) completed a health questionnaire, which included questions on prevalence and time of onset of asthma. Water samples taken from the dental hand-pieces and surgery washbasin cold taps in all the practices were analysed using standard techniques. The questionnaire data were evaluated using both single and multivariable logistic regression. The variables considered were: smoking; surgery location; time treating patients per week; DUWL counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, total Pseudomonas spp., fungi, Mycobacterium spp., total aerobic colony counts (ACC) at 22°C and 37°C. Results There was no significant association between any of the variables tested in dentists and a history of asthma. A subgroup analysis was performed on dentists (n=33) who reported developing asthma since they started dental training. The final multivariable model indicated that passive smoking (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 0.87, P=0.038) and total aerobic counts of >200 cfu/ml at 37°C (OR 6.72, 95% CI 1.15–39.24, P=0.034) were significant variables for developing asthma since starting training as a dentist. ACC were significantly higher in London (P<0.0001) and London dentists were more likely to have developed asthma since they started training than their Northern Ireland counterparts (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.09–17.72, P=0.033). Conclusions This study suggests that the temporal onset of asthma may be associated with occupational exposure to contaminated DUWL among dentists in London and Northern Ireland.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy: from monkey glands to transdermal patches
Authors: Davis S R , Dinatale I , Rivera-Woll L , Davison S 
Published: April 2005

The climacteric is not a condition of the modern age, although with increased life expectancy over the centuries, more women will experience this physiological transition. As women are living longer there is a greater expectation that good health will be maintained through to the late decade. Thus the potential long-term adverse health consequences of using hormonal therapies (HTs) to alleviate menopausal symptoms are of considerable concern for women and medical practitioners. This concern is often the basis for a decision whether or not to use HT.
We have reviewed the history of knowledge of the menopause and the development of HT for the treatment of climacteric complaints. We have also summarised the current evidence for specific benefits and risks of HT. Data indicate that postmenopausal HT is appropriate for the management of vasomotor symptoms, but that HT should not be prescribed for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia. HT does prevent bone loss and osteoporotic fracture; however, use for this purpose remains controversial. The risk of breast cancer with HT varies according to the preparation used, such that oestrogen without concurrent progestin appears to convey little, or possibly even no significant breast cancer risk. There is insufficient information regarding the long-term use of non-oral HT, low-dose HT or novel compounds such as tibolone or the selective oestrogen receptor modulators with respect to breast cancer and cardiovascular risk for specific recommendations to be made.
Marginal Periodontium as a Potential Reservoir of Human Papillomavirus in Oral Mucosa
Authors: Hormia Marketta , Willberg Jaana , Ruokonen Hellevi , Syrjänen Stina 
Published: April 2005

Background: Although human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with a number of proliferative epithelial lesions including squamous cell malignancies, they can also be detected in the normal oral mucosa in 10% to 20% of the adult population. However, the point of entry and the site of replication of HPV in the oral cavity are not known. Since the gingival pocket is the only site in the oral mucosa where basal cells, known to be targets of HPV at other mucosal sites, are normally exposed to the environment, we hypothesized that this could be the site of latent HPV.Methods: Gingival biopsies taken from 38 individuals with clinically diagnosed periodontal disease were examined. The presence of HPV DNA was studied by using nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction with MY09/MY11 and GP05+/GP06+ primers targeting the L1 region of HPV), followed by subsequent hybridization with a cocktail of 12 high‐risk HPV oligoprobes and in situ hybridization (ISH) with probes for HPV screening and the HPV subtype 16.Results: In the present study, high‐risk HPV types were detected in 26% (8/31) of the gingival biopsies with PCR. By using in situ hybridization, the viral DNA was localized to the coronal part of the junctional epithelium in the gingival pocket.Conclusions: The results suggest that the periodontal pocket might serve as a reservoir of HPVs in oral mucosa. While having important implications in understanding the HPV transmission, this observation does not rule out the possibility that HPV may be involved in the initiation of periodontal disease.J Periodontol 2005;76:358‐363.
Comparison of Human Mandibular Osteoblasts Grown on Two Commercially Available Titanium Implant Surfaces
Authors: Galli Carlo , Guizzardi Stefano , Passeri Giovanni , Martini Desiree' , Tinti Anna , Mauro Giovanni , Macaluso Guido Maria 
Published: April 2005

Background: Surface characteristics play a major role in determining tissue response to implants and therefore their clinical outcome. The aim of the present study was to compare two commercially available titanium surfaces: plasma sprayed (TPS) and sand‐blasted, acid‐etched surface (SLA).Methods: The surfaces were characterized by roughness testing, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and protein adsorption to determine their microtopographic and chemical properties. The effect of the surfaces on human mandibular osteoblasts was then studied in terms of cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Human osteoblasts from the mandible were cultured on these two surfaces and evaluated at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours to determine cell attachment and morphology. Growth and differentiation kinetics were subsequently investigated by evaluating cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin production at 7, 14, and 21 days.Results: Although roughness was quite similar, the two surfaces presented strong differences in their topography, and cell morphology varied as a consequence. Osteoblasts on SLA appeared more elongated and spindle shaped than those on TPS, and their adhesion at 3 and 6 hours was weaker, but reached that of cells on TPS at hour 24. Cell proliferation was greater on SLA surfaces but differentiation parameters; i.e., alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, provided better results on TPS surfaces. Osteoprotegerin production was enhanced on TPS surfaces at days 14 and 21.Conclusion: Although cells grown on both surfaces exhibited good adhesion capabilities, a well‐differentiated osteoblastic phenotype, and maintained a clear proliferation potential, our study suggests that plasma‐sprayed treatment offers a better performance than SLA by creating, at least in the early phases, better conditions for tissue healing. J Periodontol 2005;76:364‐372.
Implant Stability Measurements for Implants Placed at the Time of Extraction: A Cohort, Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Becker William , Sennerby Lars , Bedrossian Edwin , Becker Burton E. , Lucchini Jean Pierre 
Published: April 2005

Background: Studies indicate that implants placed at the time of extraction have high success rates. Implants must be stable at the time of insertion. Presently there are no data indicating the degree of implant stability when implants are placed at the time of extraction. This study evaluated changes in stability of implants from implant placement to abutment connection utilizing resonance frequency analysis (RFA). The unit of measurement was the international stability quotient (ISQ).Methods: Prior to treatment, patients were given medical history and dental evaluations. Periapical and panogram radiographs were taken. Fifty‐two patients requiring extraction of one or two teeth and implant placement immediately after extraction were enrolled in this study. Under conscious sedation and local anesthesia or local anesthesia alone, teeth were atraumatically removed and the extraction sockets were debrided. A total of 73 dental implants (57 in the maxilla, 16 in the mandible) were placed. Using a onestage approach, all implants were placed within the patient's alveolar envelope and were never placed directly into extraction sockets. All implants were placed into contained extraction sites. Bone augmentation procedures were not performed. After implant insertion, the RFA electronic transducer was attached to the head of the implant with the retaining screw. The device was attached to a computer designed to register RFA scores in ISQ units. RFA measurements were taken at implant placement and abutment connection. Bone qualities, quantity, implant length and width as well as site of placement were recorded.Results: The average interval between implant insertion and abutment connection was 5.6 months (SD 2.05). Two implants were lost between implant insertion and 1 year. At 2 to 3 years, the cumulative survival was 97.2%. Resonance frequency measurements at implant placement showed a mean primary stability of 62.0 (SE 1.1; range 43 to 83 ISQ) and a mean secondary stability after 1 year of 64.0 (SE 1.2; range 40 to 98 ISQ) for all implants. The increase was marginally significant (generalized estimating equation z‐statistic = 1.79; P value = 0.07).Conclusions: Implants placed at the time of extraction and inserted into native bone and not directly into extractions sockets have a high degree of initial stability as evidenced by RFA measurements. Implants with initial high ISQ levels revealed a slight drop in levels over time, while implants with levels lower than 60 had increases in levels between implant insertion and abutment connection. At 2 to 3 years the cumulative survival rate was 97.2%. J Periodontol 2005;76:391‐397.
Is Periodontitis Associated With Oral Neoplasms?
Authors: Tezal Mine , Grossi Sara G. , Genco Robert J. 
Published: April 2005

Background: Infections have been suggested in the etiology of oral cancer. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of periodontal disease on oral soft tissue lesions.Methods: A total of 13,798 subjects aged 20 years and older with at least six natural teeth and who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) constituted the study population. Severity of periodontal disease was represented by clinical attachment loss (CAL) and was dichotomized as ≤1.5 mm versus >1.5 mm according to its distributions in the NHANES III population. Three separate dependent variables were employed: 1) tumor (non‐specific); 2) precancerous lesions; and 3) any oral soft tissue lesion. The independent effect of CAL on those three dependent variables was assessed by weighted multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for the effects of number of filled teeth, number of decayed teeth, presence of prosthesis, age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, tobacco, alcohol, occupational hazard, and interaction term “tobacco*occupational hazard.” Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results: CAL was not related to the presence of any soft tissue lesion (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.31), but was specifically related to the presence of tumor (OR = 4.57, 95% CI: 2.25 to 9.30) and precancerous lesions (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.27).Conclusion: This study suggests associations between periodontal disease and the risk for precancerous lesions and tumors generating a hypothesis about a possible relationship between periodontal disease and oral neoplasms. Prospective or well‐designed case‐control studies with histologically confirmed incident oral cancer cases are necessary to confirm this relationship. J Periodontol 2005;76:406‐410.
Prevalence of Maxillary Sinus Disease and Abnormalities in Patients Scheduled for Sinus Lift Procedures
Authors: Beaumont Christian , Zafiropoulos Gregory‐George , Rohmann Kay , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: April 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sinus disease and abnormalities among patients scheduled to undergo direct sinus augmentation.Methods: Forty‐five patients attending a private periodontal practice and consecutively treatment planned for sinus augmentation were referred for otorhinolaryngologic evaluation, which included a medical history and radiographic (computed tomography), clinical, and endoscopic examinations. Pathological findings were recorded and otorhinolaryngologic treatment was provided. Six months later the sinus augmentation procedure was performed and followed by postoperative evaluations for 4 to 6 months.Results: Of the 45 subjects, 98% (44) were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, 51% were smokers, and 27% reported a history of symptoms indicative of sinus disease. Eighteen subjects were diagnosed with sinus disease and/or abnormalities. The diagnosed conditions included chronic sinusitis, sinus cysts, nasal septum deviation, and ostium stenosis. No significant differences in age, gender, or smoking status between patients with and without sinus conditions were found (P >0.05). There was a significant association between history of symptoms and diagnosis of sinus conditions (P <0.0001). Three subjects (one treated for preoperative sinus conditions) experienced notable intra‐ or postoperative complications related to the sinus augmentation procedure.Conclusions: The results indicate that, in a population of patients with chronic periodontitis, presence of sinus conditions is strongly associated with a history of indicative symptoms and is independent of age, gender, and smoking status. The results reinforce the importance of careful detailed history taking and thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation prior to performing sinus augmentation. J Periodontol 2005;76:461‐467.
Nanomanipulation by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Rubio‐Sierra F. J. , Heckl W. M. , Stark R. W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe linking of our macroscopic world to the nanoscopic world of single molecules, nanoparticles and functional nanostructures is a technological challenge. Researchers in nanobiotechnology face the questions “How extract and analyze a single nano‐object?”, “How to pick and place nano‐objects?” and “How to prototype a functional nanostructure?”. Here, nanomanipulation by an atomic force microscope (AFM) in combination with optical manipulation by a microbeam laser offers a practicable solution. In such a system, the AFM can be operated as a nanorobot for manipulation purposes allowing for nanometer precision. A contact free manipulation is achieved by the laser microbeam.
Supramolecular Microcontact Printing and Dip‐Pen Nanolithography on Molecular Printboards
Authors: Bruinink Christiaan M. , Nijhuis Christian A. , Péter Mária , Dordi Barbara , Crespo‐Biel Olga , Auletta Tommaso , Mulder Alart , Schönherr Holger , Vancso G. Julius , Huskens Jurriaan , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe transfer of functional molecules onto self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) by means of soft and scanning‐probe lithographic techniques—microcontact printing (μCP) and dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN), respectively—and the stability of the molecular patterns during competitive rinsing conditions were examined. A series of guests with different valencies were transferred onto β‐cyclodextrin‐ (β‐CD‐) terminated SAMs and onto reference hydroxy‐terminated SAMs. Although physical contact was sufficient to generate patterns on both types of SAMs, only molecular patterns of multivalent guests transferred onto the β‐CD SAMs were stable under the rinsing conditions that caused the removal of the same guests from the reference SAMs. The formation of kinetically stable molecular patterns by supramolecular DPN with a lateral resolution of 60 nm exemplifies the use of β‐CD‐terminated SAMs as molecular printboards for the selective immobilization of printboard‐compatible guests on the nanometer scale through the use of specific, multivalent supramolecular interactions. Electroless deposition of copper on the printboard was shown to occur selectively on the areas patterned with dendrimer‐stabilized gold nanoparticles.
Synthesis and Modification of Terrylenediimides as High‐Performance Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Nolde Fabian , Qu Jianqiang , Kohl Christopher , Pschirer Neil G. , Reuther Erik , Müllen Klaus 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTwo new synthetic approaches to terrylenediimides, highly photostable fluorescent dyes, are described. For the first time terrylenediimide has been synthesised in a straightforward procedure that makes large quantities available. The second route includes an efficient cross‐coupling reaction followed by a cyclodehydrogenation. Monofunctionalisation of the imide structure allows terrylenediimides now to be coupled with a variety of compounds, for example, by Suzuki cross‐coupling, which can lead to an array of terrylenediimides with new functional groups such as hydroxy, amino, or carboxy groups needed to link up with other molecules. The functionalisation in the bay region is used to tune the properties of terrylenediimides and extend the range of applications, for example, by introducing water solubility. These tetrasubstituted terrylenediimides offer, depending on the substituents used, exciting features such as good solubility in common organic solvents, water solubility, or NIR absorption.
An Electrophilic Cleavage Procedure for the Asymmetric Dihydroxylation: Direct Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Boronic Esters from Olefins
Authors: Hövelmann Claas H. , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA variation within the osmium‐catalysed asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of olefins is described that yields cyclic boronic esters from olefins in a straight‐forward manner. This process represents the first real product alteration in asymmetric dihydroxylation, since all previous protocols lead to free diols exclusively. A protocol based on the Sharpless AD conditions (for enantioselective oxidation of prochiral olefins) was developed that gives cyclic boronic esters with excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee's). Some of the ee's are higher than those reported for conventional AD. The unprecedented role of phenyl boronic acid on the course of the AD reaction was investigated in detail. PhB(OH)2 does not interfere with the chiral ligand, leaving the enantioselective step of olefin oxidation intact. The main role of the boronic acids—apart from protecting the diol products against potential overoxidation—relies on removing the diol entity in an electrophilic cleavage, which is in contrast to the conventional hydrolytic cleavage of the AD protocols. Thus, a mechanistically new cleavage for enantioselective dihydroxylation reactions is introduced within the present work.
The organization of projections from the amygdala to visual cortical areas TE and V1 in the macaque monkey
Authors: Freese Jennifer L. , Amaral David G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe examined the organization of amygdaloid projections to visual cortical areas TE and V1 by injecting anterograde tracers into the amygdaloid complex ofMacaca fascicularismonkeys. The magnocellular and intermediate divisions of the basal nucleus of the amygdala gave rise to heavy projections to both superficial layers (border of I/II) and deep layers (V/VI) throughout the rostrocaudal extent of area TE. Although most of the injections led to heavier fiber and terminal labeling in the superficial layers of area TE, the most dorsal injections in the basal nucleus produced denser labeled fibers and terminals in the deep layers of area TE. Area V1 received projections primarily from the magnocellular division of the basal nucleus, and these terminated exclusively in the superficial layers. As in area TE, projections from the amygdala to area V1 were distributed throughout its rostrocaudal and transverse extents. Labeled axons demonstrated 11.67 varicosities/100 μm on average in the superficial layers of area TE and 8.74 varicosities/100 μm in the deep layers. In area V1 we observed 8.24 varicosities/100 μm. Using confocal microscopy, we determined that at least 55% of the tracer‐labeled varicosities in areas TE and V1 colocalized synaptophysin, a marker of synaptic vesicles, indicating that they are probably synaptic boutons. Electron microscopic examination of a sample of these varicosities confirmed that labeled boutons formed synapses in areas TE and V1. These feedback‐like projections from the amygdala have the potential of modulating key areas of the visual processing system. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:295–317, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double bouquet cell in the human cerebral cortex and a comparison with other mammals
Authors: Yáñez Inmaculada Ballesteros , Muñoz Alberto , Contreras Julio , Gonzalez Juncal , Rodriguez‐Veiga Elisia , DeFelipe Javier 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDouble bouquet cells (DBCs) are neocortical γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons characterized by the vertical bundling of its axon, which are generally termed “bundles” or “horse‐tails.” Using immunocytochemistry for the calcium binding protein calbindin, we have analyzed the morphology, density, and distribution of DBC horse‐tails in different cortical areas of the human cortex (Brodmann's areas 10, 4, 3b, 22, 18, and 17). Although DBC horse‐tails were very numerous and regularly distributed in all cortical areas, variations were observed both in terms of morphology and density. We distinguished two major classes of DBC horse‐tails: the thicker complex type (type I) that had more axon collaterals; and the simple type (type II). The density of DBC horse‐tails was significantly higher in areas 17, 18, 22, and 4 than in areas 3b and 10. Moreover, the proportion of type I and type II DBC horse‐tails varied in the cortical areas studied. We also examined the distribution of DBC horse‐tails in frontal, parietal, and occipital areas of different mammalian species. We found DBCs to be present in carnivores but not in rodents, lagomorphs, or artiodactyls. In carnivores, relatively few DBC horse‐tails can be identified and they were generally found in the occipital cortex. Therefore, there is significant variability in the morphology and distribution of DBC horse‐tails in different species and cortical areas. We conclude that, although these interneurons may be an important element in the organization of cortical microcolumns in primates, this is not the case in other mammalian species. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:344–360, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.