bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about antibiotics, perceptions of antimicrobial resistance, and antibiotic use: initial findings from a multi-country survey
Authors: Jones Annie S K , Chan Amy H Y , Beyene Kebede , Tuck Chloe , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Rutter Victoria , Horne Rob 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To examine public beliefs about antibiotics, AMR, and knowledge of antibiotic use, and how these relate to self-reported antibiotic use.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty participants from 23 countries completed a cross-sectional, online survey assessing beliefs about antibiotics and AMR, knowledge of antibiotics, and antibiotic use. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearman’s ρ correlations were used to understand relationships between outcomes.

Key findings
Respondents generally viewed antibiotics positively, with particularly strong beliefs regarding their benefit (M = 16.48 out of 20, SD = 2.62) and few concerns regarding their harm (M = 3.98 out of 10, SD = 1.82). Greater benefit beliefs about antibiotics were associated with fewer concerns about their overuse (P &lt; .0001) and harm (P &lt; .0001). Stronger perceived importance of AMR was associated with greater beliefs about the benefits of antibiotics (P = .006), greater concerns about their overuse (P = .009), and increased knowledge of appropriate use (P = .006). Those who reported inappropriately using their last antibiotics had greater concerns about overuse (P = .12) and less knowledge regarding appropriate use (P = .015), compared to those who did not.

Conclusions
Generally, the public tends to view antibiotics as having strong benefits and have few concerns about their harm, which may have implications for inappropriate use. These initial findings highlight beliefs that could be targeted in messages to reduce inappropriate demand for antibiotics.
Kingdoms of Those Who Draw the Bow
Authors: Miller Bryan K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter illustrates the wide variety of geographies, economies, and cultures of Inner Asia during the centuries leading up to the Xiongnu Empire. Particular attention is given to the peer pastoral polities within these regions that fostered diverse agro-pastoral economies and developed complex hierarchical kingdoms such as the Pazyryk of the Altai Mountains. By detailing the array of practices that afforded both the means of political differentiation between steppe factions and the modes of salient affiliation among disparate steppe societies, this chapter further elucidates the networks and institutions developed during the early first millennium bce that provided a robust foundation for the formation of an empire by the Xiongnu regime.
Conclusion
Authors: Zori Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The book’s final chapter draws together the main conclusions about the Vikings to sum up the answers to two key questions: “who were they, and what did they want?” In this age and at an unprecedented scale, Scandinavians moved beyond their borders. Fueling this dynamic period was an unparalleled glorification of Scandinavian voyagers, commemorated at home with monumental runestones and through poems and sagas that exalted their exploits. In their overseas endeavors—facilitated by new ship technology and driven by an ideology that encouraged worldly deeds—they were the ultimate opportunists. They sought new wealth abroad at an unprecedented scale, and through a combination of strategies that included expansionist settlement, warfare, and trade. The interactions with people overseas helped bring profound change to Scandinavia as towns flourished, Christianity arrived, and royal kingdoms emerged. The final chapter also reviews the main methodological conclusions of the book. The case studies in each chapter together show the importance of a critical, interdisciplinary approach for achieving an understanding of the Vikings. When the independent data sets extracted from the written sources, archaeology, and scientific testing are analyzed independently and then juxtaposed, new arenas for analysis emerge. The encounters among the data sets result in confirmation, contradiction, and complementarity (the “three Cs”). Armed with new scientific tools to combine with historical and archaeological methods, we are better equipped than ever before to come to know the people who lived during the Viking Age.
Multisystemic Therapy
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel , Raghavan Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As a complement to the previous chapters featuring preventive programs, this chapter illustrates how treatment services can also represent strong investments in children’s mental health. Multisystemic therapy (MST) is a high-intensity, multimodal intervention that shifts the focus of the problem from the child to the ecosystem surrounding the child: the family, peers, school, and variety of services that need to be coordinated. MST has some of the most comprehensive and robust evidence of any intervention for children’s mental health. And yet, as in the case of other innovations such as the fluorescent light bulb, progress in adopting MST in communities across the United States has been slow. This chapter examines why MST represents a strong investment and why it nevertheless has encountered substantial resistance to wider dissemination and implementation.
Trusts, Property, and Rights
Authors: McFarlane Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks both at what the concept of property can tell us about the operation of the trust, and what consequences the operation of the trust may have for a legal system’s concept of property. It is argued that the subject matter of a trust is better thought of as particular rights, rather than as property, and that a practically useful concept of property, or ownership, should be capable of including a trustee, as there is a significant, and not merely technical, sense in which a trustee is entitled to the trust ‘property’. While there is much existing analysis of the nature of the rights of beneficiaries, understanding the foundations of the trust also requires a focus on the rights of trustees.
Disrupted Development in the Congo
Authors: Radley Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since the turn of the century, low-income African countries have undergone a process of mining industrialization led by transnational corporations. The process has been sustained by an African Mining Consensus uniting international financial institutions, African governments, development agencies, and various strands of the academic literature. The Consensus position is that mining industrialization can drive transformative processes of social and economic development in low-income African settings. For this, state-owned enterprises and local forms of labour-intensive mining are deemed unsuitable. The former is characterized as corrupt and mismanaged, and the latter as an inefficient, subsistence activity with links to conflict financing. The Consensus holds, instead, that mining industrialization should be led by the superior expertise and efficiency of transnational corporations. Disrupted Development in the Congo reveals the fragile foundations on which this Consensus rests. Through an in-depth case study of mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ben Radley details how foreign corporations have been prone to mismanagement, inefficiencies, and rent-seeking, and implicated in fuelling conflict and violence. He also documents how structural impediments to the transformative effects of mining industrialization in low-income African countries occur irrespective of ownership and management structures. Based on the findings presented, Radley urges a move away from the market-led logics underpinning the Consensus. In the mining sector itself, he argues that efforts to mechanize labour-intensive forms of local mining better meet the needs of low-income African economies for rising productivity, labour absorption, and the domestic retention of the value generated by productive activity than the currently dominant but disruptive foreign corporate-led model.
Disarticulation and alienation
Authors: Radley Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to question the strength of the influential policy claim, emanating from the global value chains literature, that recent industry restructuring has rendered the African mining enclave an outdated remnant of the past. It does so by documenting the degree of articulation between the Congolese economy and foreign-owned mining in South Kivu during the twentieth century and how the turn to corporate outsourcing since the 2000s has affected this articulation. The core argument of the chapter is that the advanced technological frontier of mining in the twenty-first century has led to a heightened level of disarticulation and alienation between Banro’s Twangiza mine and the surrounding Congolese economy compared to earlier eras of foreign-owned mining in South Kivu.
Marginalization and conflict
Authors: Radley Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The major argument put forward in this chapter is that, contrary to the hopes of African Mining Consensus proponents, the return of foreign-owned industrial mining to South Kivu has led to an intensification of local conflict rather than its alleviation. As a result of Banro’s arrival, the dynamic domestic accumulation associated with labour-intensive forms of domestic-owned mining in South Kivu has been subjected to processes of displacement, subversion, and suppression. By disrupting efforts at locally led mining industrialization and inducing a decrease in the volume of locally available mining labour, Banro’s entry into South Kivu’s pre-existing mining economy has led to a general deterioration in local conditions. This, in turn, has given rise to new forms of protest, violence, and killings as different groups of local actors have sought to resist their newfound marginality.
From Closed to Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Eichler Alexander , Zilberberg Oded 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we generalize our treatment of quantum systems by allowing them to be coupled to an environment at a finite temperature, similar to what we discussed for classical systems in chapter 4. The time evolution of many open quantum system can be calculated using the Lindblad master equation. We study various effects of the thermal environment on the quantum harmonic oscillator, and then continue to include driving by an external force
The Quantum Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Eichler Alexander , Zilberberg Oded 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we include a Duffing nonlinearity and a parametric pump in our quantum oscillator, and study their effects in the limit of a small number of particles occupying the system. We find that the nonlinearity can turn the oscillator into an effective two-level system, and that parametric pumping gives rise to cat states. An external force can be used to induce Rabi oscillations between even and odd cat states, similarly to Rabi oscillations in a two-level system. We conclude with a brief outlook onto systems of coupled quantum parametric oscillators
Inscriptional Modernism
Authors: Goldschmidt Nora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Old Round Reading Room of the British Library, then housed in the British Museum in Bloomsbury, was a major site of literary modernism in London in the 1910s and a crucial working space for Pound, H. D., and later Richard Aldington. At the time, the entrance to the library was reached through ‘The Hall of Greek and Roman Inscriptions’, and it was the treasures in this room (many of them damaged or fragmentary) which formed the backdrop to some of the most crucial experiments in modernism, from Pound’s advice to all new poets to write like ‘weather-bit granite’ to H. D.’s first experiments in Imagism. From inscriptions on stone, the chapter then turns to inscriptions on paper and to the intense modernist interest in the collection of epigrams – a genre that originated in inscription – found in the Greek Anthology. H. D.’s unpublished essays show that she saw the Anthology as a collection of ‘fragments and references to lost fragments’, whose gaps and omissions she exploited in her poetry, while for Ezra Pound, the collection was reinvented as an inscriptional prototype, itself anthologized and mediated over centuries, for the kinds of fragmented poetics he would develop in the Cantos.
Dogwhistles and Figleaves
Authors: Saul Jennifer Mather 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is widely accepted that political discourse in recent years has become more openly racist and more filled with wildly implausible conspiracy theories. Dogwhistles and Figleaves explores certain ways in which such changes—both of which defied previously settled norms of political speech—have been brought about. Jennifer Saul shows that two linguistic devices, dogwhistles and figleaves, have played a crucial role. Some dogwhistles (such as “88,” used by Nazis online to mean “Heil Hitler”) serve to disguise messages that would otherwise be rejected as unacceptable, allowing them to be transmitted surreptitiously. Other dogwhistles (like the 1988 “Willie Horton” ad) work by influencing people in ways that they are not aware of, and which they would likely reject were they aware. Figleaves (such as “just asking questions”) take messages that could easily be recognized as unacceptable, and provide just enough cover that people become more willing to accept them. Importantly, these work against the background of a divided public. They are particularly effective in influencing people who are conflicted yet malleable—those who don’t want to be racist, for example, but are willing to be convinced that something which seems racist really isn’t. Saul shows how these dogwhistles and figleaves have both exploited and widened existing divisions in society, and normalized racist and conspiracist speech.
Law of Unjust Enrichment in India
Authors: Gupta Arpita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the evolution of the law of unjust enrichment in India and elaborates on its salient doctrinal features. It discusses the statutory provisions on unjust enrichment in the Indian Contract Act, considers the relevant case law, and maps the departure of the Indian law from the nineteenth-century English common law. It also contemplates the relevancy of the unjust enrichment doctrine for such themes in Indian law as protracted litigation and breach of public trust. Finally, the chapter considers the current salient features of unjust enrichment law in India in the light of the relevant domestic and international contexts, and identifies some of the major issues of concern in the current state of the law that need further deliberation.
Restitution, Corrective Justice, and Mistakes
Authors: Penner James 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The interrelations between the concepts of ‘corrective justice’ and restitution, in particular cases concerning mistakes, are subtle and various. This chapter explores some of the landscape, rather than provide a definitive theory, of those interrelations. Specifically, Ernest Weinrib’s corrective justice strategy of explaining restitution of unjust enrichments only makes sense on the substantive duty-affirming basis, i.e. that the right to restitution of a mistaken payment is a matter of right. This chapter will show that this works only by treating all mistaken payments as conditional, and relating other cases to the common law ‘fundamental mistake’ cases. To the extent, then, that there remains a residue of cases in which restitutionary liability may arise, then corrective justice does not explain every case of restitution.
Civil Justice
Authors: Hendley Kathryn , Solomon Peter H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores how Russian courts handle civil disputes involving individuals. Such cases consistently dominate the dockets of Russian courts. They encompass a wide variety of disputes, ranging from family arguments to disagreements between workers and managers to the non-payment of various debts, including credit cards, rent, and utilities. In most of these debt collection cases, debtors offer no defence, thereby allowing the judge to resolve them without hearings on the merits. The prerequisites for filing civil claims are laid out clearly in the procedural code and judges tend to err on the side of accepting cases rather than discarding them for minor procedural errors. Judges are required to resolve cases within two months of filing and they rarely violate this deadline. Litigants have shown little interest in mediating their civil claims. Few cases are settled after being initiated. Almost all claims brought result in a judicial decision.
The Digital Double Bind
Authors: Zayani Mohamed , Khalil Joe F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Middle East’s digital turn has renewed hopes of socioeconomic development and political change across the region. It has also engendered stark contradictions and accentuated existing tensions. The resulting disjunctures are ensnaring the region in a digital double bind: the same conditions that drive the immersion of the state, market, and public in the digital also inhibit change and perpetuate stasis. Grounded in local research and anchored in rich case studies, The Digital Double Bind critically engages with the question of technology and change beyond binary formulations and familiar trajectories of the network society. It offers a pathbreaking analysis of how the Global South negotiates its relation to the digital.
In Pursuit of the Knowledge Economy
Authors: Zayani Mohamed , Khalil Joe F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe extent to which the digital turn is reshaping the Middle East’s economic environment is evident in many countries’ aspirations to become knowledge economies. These orientations reflect broader changes brought about by the twin forces of globalization and informatization. These transitions are part of a long and arduous path toward modernization that brought hopes and promises to the region but also incurred apprehension and misgivings. With the digital turn, the state remains beholden to the unfulfilled promises of economic globalization, which it cannot control and toward which it continues to be ambivalent. At the same time, the state is responding to the ever more pressing demands and expectations of an aspiring young population with varying levels of digital access.
Virtual Lives and Digital Spaces
Authors: Zayani Mohamed , Khalil Joe F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe digital turn has reconfigured sociocultural dynamics in the Middle East. Particularly germane to the examination here is how individuals and collectives are introducing dynamics of empowerment at the grassroots level. This chapter focuses on three articulations of these cultural engagements to explore how digitality is pushing boundaries and reformulating practices defined by dominant cultural norms, political culture, and economic systems. In particular, it examines how women renegotiate gender roles while navigating cultural expectations of conformity, how believers reinterpret religion beyond state and state-sanctioned religious discourses, and how publics rearticulate citizenry.
“God” Pop and the “Personality Trend”
Authors: Payne Leah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 analyzes how the evangelical norms of Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) youth culture went mainstream through pop music. Conservative white evangelical media makers came to see the young women of CCM as ideal partners to protest Clinton-era “safe sex” policies in partnership with purity-culture purveyors like True Love Waits. Their efforts resulted in thousands of young people, including some of the biggest pop stars of the new millennium, making public virginity pledges. When the Columbine mass shooting horrified and fascinated the nation, CCM stars created music that framed the event as a form of persecution, and the death of Christian students as a form of Christian martyrdom. Meanwhile, star worship leaders began to gain popularity as a new “personality trend” made evangelical worship liturgy resemble rock concerts. Even as sales reached their zenith, however, there were signs that the world of evangelical entertainment was under threat.
Analytics
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Kefford Glenn , Kruschinski Simon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Data analytics is often lauded as offering unprecedented insights for electoral strategizing, and yet there is remarkably little clarity about what exactly is meant by this term. In this chapter the authors classify alternative forms of data analytics, distinguishing between segmentation, targeting, and testing processes. Classifying activity under each of these headings, they distinguish between simple and more complex iterations, to show a spectrum of analytics practices. In the second half of the chapter, the authors draw on empirical evidence from the five case study countries to reveal the type of data analytics that parties deploy. In contrast to many prevailing narratives, they find little evidence of micro-targeting or highly complex testing, but show that parties in most of the five countries rely on segmentation, broad targeting, and simple or moderately sophisticated testing practices. This chapter is followed by a reflection from two practitioners who offer their own account of the analytics practices that facilitate data-driven campaigns.
Aging Angry
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aging Angry: Making Peace with Rage examines the many ways that anger and rage can be transformative. Fear of anger can ultimately result in destructive rage or bring about social isolation, injustice, and misunderstanding. On the other hand, confronting anger seriously may neutralize its destructive potential and harness its energy and wisdom for personal and social change. Aging Angry presents the anger stories of hundreds of older adults and draws upon a wealth of academic sources to provide a deeper understanding of the sources, dynamics, and possibilities of anger. It features a variety of topics, such as anger and race in the United States, gendered anger norms, mass murder by older adults, anger management programs, and closes with a close look at aged activists who use their anger to change the world.
Angry Bodies
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on our physical reactions to anger, which shed light on the intimate convergence of mind and body. It links the personal experience of anger to a complex set of instinctive reactions within the brain and notes that, unlike fear, anger usually leads people toward danger as our bodies prepare to do battle. Contrary to popular belief, considerable research suggests that anger suppression may be a greater health hazard than anger expression. The chapter discusses the harm associated with internalized anger among both younger and older adults, which includes a greater risk for illness and death. It also notes that expressed anger can result in damage to a person’s social life.
Conclusion
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The book’s conclusion opens with the author’s experience of anger in the classroom. Few of us expect to be angry in late life. Indeed, Erikson’s widely taught theory of human development presents age as a time of quiet reflection and preparation for death. But this book offers a different perspective; one informed by the thinking of economic theorist E. F. Schumacher, who insists that anger is the eye of the heart helping people to clarify their core values. The chapter notes that anger is not simply an emotion but a highly evolved biological process and a deeply personal experience. Just as late life can be a time of growth and maturation it can also be a time to reclaim anger for the benefit of all.