bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma prediction via affinity graph enhanced classifier: a machine learning approach based on routine blood biomarkers
Authors: Li Dejing , Abhadiomhen Stanley Ebhohimhen , Zhou Dongmei , Shen Xiang-Jun , Shi Lei , Cui Yubao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions of people worldwide, but early detection can be challenging due to the time-consuming nature of the traditional technique. Machine learning has shown great potential in the prompt prediction of asthma. However, because of the inherent complexity of asthma-related patterns, current models often fail to capture the correlation between data samples, limiting their accuracy. Our objective was to use our novel model to address the above problem via an Affinity Graph Enhanced Classifier (AGEC) to improve predictive accuracy.

Methods
The clinical dataset used in this study consisted of 152 samples, where 24 routine blood markers were extracted as features to participate in the classification due to their ease of sourcing and relevance to asthma. Specifically, our model begins by constructing a projection matrix to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space while preserving the most discriminative features. Simultaneously, an affinity graph is learned through the resulting subspace to capture the internal relationship between samples better. Leveraging domain knowledge from the affinity graph, a new classifier (AGEC) is introduced for asthma prediction. AGEC’s performance was compared with five state-of-the-art predictive models.

Results
Experimental findings reveal the superior predictive capabilities of AGEC in asthma prediction. AGEC achieved an accuracy of 72.50%, surpassing FWAdaBoost (61.02%), MLFE (60.98%), SVR (64.01%), SVM (69.80%) and ERM (68.40%). These results provide evidence that capturing the correlation between samples can enhance the accuracy of asthma prediction. Moreover, the obtained $$p$$
p
values also suggest that the differences between our model and other models are statistically significant, and the effect of our model does not exist by chance.

Conclusion
As observed from the experimental results, advanced statistical machine learning approaches such as AGEC can enable accurate diagnosis of asthma. This finding holds promising implications for improving asthma management.
Sulforaphane (Sul) reduces renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) by controlling the inflammation and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Ziqing , He Wen , Shi Weiwu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll chronic renal disorders eventually lead to renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Chronic inflammation and pro-fibrotic substances are familiar companions of the fibrotic process. The Sulforaphane (Sul) molecule is particularly useful in protecting the liver from oxidative damage. To investigate the Sul effects on fibrosis markers and inflammatory proteins in the kidney of NRK52E cell line and rats and clarify the mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in a rat model of RIF were developed in the present study. Sul (50, 100, and 200 ng/ml) remarkably reduced the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin (IL)-1β, collagen 3 (COL3A1), collagen 1 (COL1A1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibrotic NRK52E cells compared with those in cells inspired by transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α). Histopathological investigations showed that Sul administration retained renal tissue structure and decreased kidney tissue fibrosis in rats subjected to unilateral ureteral blockage (UUO). The expression level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COL3A1, COL1A1, and α-SMA in the rats’ kidneys exposed to UUO was also suppressed by the treatment of Sul. In the present study, western blot analysis showed that Sul upregulated the expressions of fibrotic NRK52E cells Smad7 and rat model UUO groups while simultaneously decreasing the stimulation of Smad2/3 and the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, NF-κB, Smad4, activator protein-1, and high-mobility group protein B1. Ultimately, Sul’s ability to inhibit the TGF-β/Smad pathway and the development of inflammation factors may mitigate RIF.
Impact of maternal depression on malnutrition treatment outcomes in older children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Ritter Claire , Abdullahi Shehu U. , Gambo Safiya , Murtala Hassan Adam , Kabir Halima , Shamsu Khadija A. , Gwarzo Garba , Banaei Yasmin , Acra Sari A. , Stallings Virginia A. , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R. , Klein Lauren J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition and sickle cell anemia (SCA) result in high childhood mortality rates. Although maternal depression is an established risk factor for malnutrition in younger children, little is known about its impact on treatment response in children with malnutrition. We aimed to determine the relationship, if any, between maternal depression scores and malnutrition treatment outcomes in older children with SCA.

Methods
We conducted a planned ancillary study to our randomized controlled feasibility trial for managing severe acute malnutrition in children aged 5–12 with SCA in northern Nigeria (NCT03634488). Mothers of participants completed a depression screen using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).We used a multivariable linear regression model to describe the relationship between the baseline maternal PHQ-9 score and the trial participant’s final body mass index (BMI) z-score.

Results
Out of 108 mother-child dyads, 101 with maternal baseline PHQ-9 scores were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. At baseline, 25.7% of mothers (26 of 101) screened positive for at least mild depression (PHQ-9 score of 5 or above). The baseline maternal PHQ-9 score was negatively associated with the child’s BMI z-score after 12 weeks of malnutrition treatment (β=-0.045, p = 0.041).

Conclusions
Maternal depressive symptoms has an impact on malnutrition treatment outcomes. Treatment of malnutrition in older children with sickle cell anemia should include screening for maternal depression and, if indicated, appropriate maternal referral for depression evaluation and treatment.

Trial Registration
The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03634488) on January 30, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03634488.
Effect of COVID-19 on peripheral and central hearing abilities
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rohit , Upadhya Sushmitha S. , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has caused various implications on physical and mental health of human beings. It included several symptoms involving the auditory vestibular system. This study aims to investigate the impact of active COVID-19 infection on central and peripheral auditory pathways.

Method
Two groups of subjects were involved in the research: Group I consisted of 45 individuals with no history of COVID-19, while Group II included 41 individuals who were diagnosed with COVID-19 through RT-PCR testing.
The audiological battery used in this study included Pure tone audiometry, Digit in Noise test, Dichotic CV test, and Pitch pattern test, all of which were administered online. Testing was conducted in two phases for both groups. Phase 1 testing took place within the first 7 days of a positive RT-PCR result, while Phase 2 testing occurred within a week of a negative RT-PCR test. Additionally, participants completed a questionnaire to provide information on general health conditions and their otological symptoms.

Results
The results from Phase 1 testing revealed that Group II exhibited statistically lower scores in all the audiological tests compared to Group I (control group). However, during Phase 2 testing, this significant difference was no longer observed between both groups.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the audiological pathway was compromised during the active infection stage of COVID-19. Therefore, this study highlights changes in performance concerning tests that assess the central auditory system during the infection period.

Trial registration
SH/IRB/RP/24. Registered 12 January 2021.
Hyperglycemia in Hospital: An Independent Marker of Infection, Acute Kidney Injury, and Stroke for Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Barmanray Rahul D , Kyi Mervyn , Worth Leon J , Colman Peter G , Churilov Leonid , Fazio Timothy N , Rayman Gerry , Gonzalez Vicky , Hall Candice , Fourlanos Spiros 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Hyperglycemia in hospital inpatients without pre-existing diabetes is associated with increased mortality. However, the independent contribution of hyperglycemia to health care–associated infection (HAI), acute kidney injury (AKI), and stroke is unclear.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between hyperglycemia and adverse clinical outcomes in hospital for patients with and without diabetes.

Methods
Diabetes IN-hospital: Glucose and Outcomes (DINGO) was a 26-week (October 2019-March 2020) prospective cohort study. Clinical and glucose data were collected up to the 14th day of admission. Primary stratification was by hyperglycemia, defined as ≥2 random capillary blood glucose (BG) measurements ≥11.1 mmol/L (≥200 mg/dL). Propensity weighting for 9 clinical characteristics was performed to allow interrogation of causality. To maintain the positivity assumption, patients with HbA1c &gt;12.0% were excluded and prehospital treatment not adjusted for. The setting was the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a quaternary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Admissions with at least 2 capillary glucose values and length of stay &gt;24 hours were eligible, with half randomly sampled. Outcome measures were HAI, AKI, stroke, and mortality.

Results
Of 2558 included admissions, 1147 (45%) experienced hyperglycemia in hospital. Following propensity-weighting and adjustment, hyperglycemia in hospital was found to, independently of 9 covariables, contribute an increased risk of in-hospital HAI (130 [11.3%] vs 100 [7.1%], adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P = .003), AKI (120 [10.5%] vs 59 [4.2%], aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09, P &lt; .001), and stroke (10 [0.9%] vs 1 [0.1%], aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
In hospital inpatients (HbA1c ≤12.0%), irrespective of diabetes status and prehospital glycemia, hyperglycemia increases the risk of in-hospital HAI, AKI, and stroke compared with those not experiencing hyperglycemia.
filoVision – using deep learning and tip markers to automate filopodia analysis
Authors: Eddington Casey , Schwartz Jessica K. , Titus Margaret A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Filopodia are slender, actin-filled membrane projections used by various cell types for environment exploration. Analyzing filopodia often involves visualizing them using actin, filopodia tip or membrane markers. Due to the diversity of cell types that extend filopodia, from amoeboid to mammalian, it can be challenging for some to find a reliable filopodia analysis workflow suited for their cell type and preferred visualization method. The lack of an automated workflow capable of analyzing amoeboid filopodia with only a filopodia tip label prompted the development of filoVision. filoVision is an adaptable deep learning platform featuring the tools filoTips and filoSkeleton. filoTips labels filopodia tips and the cytosol using a single tip marker, allowing information extraction without actin or membrane markers. In contrast, filoSkeleton combines tip marker signals with actin labeling for a more comprehensive analysis of filopodia shafts in addition to tip protein analysis. The ZeroCostDL4Mic deep learning framework facilitates accessibility and customization for different datasets and cell types, making filoVision a flexible tool for automated analysis of tip-marked filopodia across various cell types and user data.
ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGE «NADSAT» IN THE RUSSIAN, FRENCH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES
Authors: Kapitonova Nina S. , Sadovnikova Margarita N. , Rudometova Anastasia Y. 
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the translation of the artificial language «nadsat» in the novel A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess. A sci-fi novel written in 1962 and set in a near-dystopian future, A Clockwork Orange revolves around a violent youth subculture and, in particular, 15-year-old delinquent Alex and his friends. Based on the predilection of young people for the creation and use of informal words and slang, the author of the novel, British linguist and writer A. Burgess, uses fictitious vocabulary, i.e., the artificial language «nadsat». The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the problem of understanding and correct interpretation of words in fictional and artificial languages has not been sufficiently studied.
The purpose of the study is to identify common features of the translation of the artificial language «nadsat» from English into Russian, French and Chinese.
The research methods are method of theoretical analysis translation analysis of the text from the original language into Russian, French and Chinese.
The results of the study showed that an adequate translation of «Nadsat» will help the reader understand the main idea expressed by the author of the novel.
Para todos os garotos que não me amei
Authors: Bittencourt Mauricio 
Published: January 2024

Para todos os garotos que não me amei é inspirado no filme “Para todos os garotos que já amei” onde a protagonista tem cartas entregues aos amores. Em contramão no meu trabalho temos uma série de 8 cartões postais, com frases de recusa, que refletem a falta de possibilidade de afetos em muitas adolescências LGBTQIA+. Palavras-chaves: Arte Palavra, Arte Postal, Arte Queer
Sciatica in primary care – a case discussion
Authors: Johnson Cheryl , Mortimore Gerri 
Published: January 2024

It is thought that more than half of adults will experience back pain in their life, and practice nurses will often be the first practitioners consulted. Cheryl Johnson and Gerri Mortimore explain what nurses need to know when they encounter this common complaint. Back pain is a common problem encountered in practice. It is estimated that 60% of the adult population experience low back pain throughout their lifetime ( Campbell and Colvin, 2013 ) that over 80% of the population will report low back pain throughout their lifetime (Walker, 2000) with between 13–40% developing sciatica ( NICE, 2022 ). This article will discuss a case study who presented to a community trainee enhanced clinical practitioner (tECP) with symptoms of lumbar radiculopathy. and After clinical examination and further tests a diagnosis of acute sciatica was given. This article will explore how the history taking, clinical examination and special tests led to this diagnosis. Moreover, it will examine the underlying evidence underpinning the examination and tests undertaken.
Readmission to a non-index hospital following total joint replacement
Authors: Shawon Md S. R. , Jin Xingzhong , Hanly Mark , de Steiger Richard , Harris Ian , Jorm Louisa 
Published: January 2024

AimsIt is unclear whether mortality outcomes differ for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery who are readmitted to the index hospital where their surgery was performed, or to another hospital.MethodsWe analyzed linked hospital and death records for residents of New South Wales, Australia, aged ≥ 18 years who had an emergency readmission within 90 days following THA or TKA surgery between 2003 and 2022. Multivariable modelling was used to identify factors associated with non-index readmission and to evaluate associations of readmission destination (non-index vs index) with 90-day and one-year mortality.ResultsOf 394,248 joint arthroplasty patients (THA = 149,456; TKA = 244,792), 9.5% (n = 37,431) were readmitted within 90 days, and 53.7% of these were admitted to a non-index hospital. Non-index readmission was more prevalent among patients who underwent surgery in private hospitals (60%). Patients who were readmitted for non-orthopaedic conditions (62.8%), were more likely to return to a non-index hospital compared to those readmitted for orthopaedic complications (39.5%). Factors associated with non-index readmission included older age, higher socioeconomic status, private health insurance, and residence in a rural or remote area. Non-index readmission was significantly associated with 90-day (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39 to 2.05) and one-year mortality (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.47). Associations between non-index readmission and mortality were similar for patients readmitted with orthopaedic and non-orthopaedic complications (90-day mortality aOR 1.61; 95% CI 0.98 to 2.64, and aOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.06, respectively).ConclusionNon-index readmission was associated with increased mortality, irrespective of whether the readmission was for orthopaedic complications or other conditions.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(1):60–68.
ACETONE PRECIPITATION OF PROTEINS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE OF ENZYMES ACTIVITY IN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Nikonorova Yevgeniya Ramil'yevna , Baleyev Dmitriy Nikolayevich 
Published: January 2024

Plant phenolic compounds are widely used in medicine and agriculture. The study of the mechanisms of their biosynthesis and accumulation is a complex task. It is also true for the determination of the activity of the key plant enzymes such as shikimate dehydrogenase. At the same time, the isolation of proteins and enzymes from plant is complicated by the presence of phenolic compounds and pigments. The aim of the research was to evaluate the feasibility of the acetone precipitation of proteins of leaf extracts of plants to determine the activity of shikimate dehydrogenase. The object of the study was the leaves of sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides) and silky dogwood (C. sericea). The proteins were precipitated from the crude extract with cold (-20 °C) acetone in varying ratio followed by washing three times with acetone and final dissolution in buffer. The activity of shikimate dehydrogenase was determined at pH=10.0 and expressed in ncat per mg of protein. Protein fractions with different activity of shikimate dehydrogenase were isolated from the leaves of sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides) and silky dogwood (C. sericea). It was shown that the protein fraction with a ratio of 1 : 1.5 of extract : acetone (60% saturation) is most convenient to work with, has a high enzyme activity and does not contain colored impurities. This method of protein isolation and pre-purification is fast, requires a small amount of sample, and suitable for screening studies of the activity of various enzymes in medicinal plants.
The balanced superelliptic mapping class groups are generated by three elements
Authors: Omori Genki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The balanced superelliptic mapping class group is the normalizer of the transformation group of the balanced superelliptic covering in the mapping class group of the total surface. We prove that the balanced superelliptic mapping class groups with either one marked point, one boundary component, or no marked points and boundary are generated by three elements. To prove this, we also show that its liftable mapping class groups are also generated by three elements. These generating sets are minimal except for several cases of closed surfaces.
Dualism, the Causal Closure of the Physical, and Philip Goff’s Case for Panpsychism
Authors: Sepetyi Dmytro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article discusses Philip Goff’s latest projects of developing panpsychist research program as one that is capable of revealing the place of consciousness in the physical world and accounting for the intrinsic nature of physical reality, while avoiding the problem of the causal closure of the physical that is supposed to be pernicious for psychophysical dualism. The case is made that on the one hand, dualism has pretty good resources to meet the inductive no-gap objection appealing to the causal closure, while on the other hand, insofar as this objection has some force, panpsychism in the forms discussed in Goff’s book Galileo’s Error (Goff, P. 2019. Galileo’s Error: Foundations for a New Science of Consciousness. New York: Pantheon Books) faces nearly the same difficulties and its capability of overcoming these difficulties is problematic. While the hybrid cosmopsychism, as developed in Goff’s later manuscript, circumvents the causal closure problem, it does so at the price of relying on assumptions that are hardly intelligible.
Im/politeness research – what it says on the tin? (Not quite)
Authors: Pizziconi Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Several decades of analytical inquiry into linguistic im/politeness have produced a substantial body of research shedding light on its linguistic and social dimensions, but also distinct discursive conventions and terminology. This study turns the spotlight on im/politeness as the term of choice for researchers to think and talk about a rather broad range of social meanings and considers the pros and cons of this preferred denotation. I argue that while the term has undoubtedly scaffolded the development of a coherent field of enquiry, its continued use as a moniker, despite shifting concerns and broadening perspectives, may becloud our views too. The field’s trajectory of development is revisited by likening it to a process of register formation, in which the term im/politeness has accrued differential (and stereotypical) indexicalities for different groups, in a diverse, multicultural community of scholars with different research agendas. Our differential allegiances to a particular taxonomy arguably engender different ways of seeing, and the increasing complexity of the field demands that we continue to interrogate and justify the labels we use.
Promoting Choosing Wisely Thyroid Function Test Guidelines in a Large Pediatric Hospital System
Authors: Warshawsky Ilka , Lemerman Hanna , Gunkelman Samantha , Mandalapu Rathna , Uli Naveen K. , Patterson Amanda , Gannon David , Engler Laurie , Love April M. , Davidson Joel R. , Baccon Jennifer , Bigham Michael T. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Free thyroxine (fT4) is often ordered when not indicated. The goal of the current study was to use quality improvement tools to identify and implement an optimal approach to reduce inappropriate fT4 testing throughout a large pediatric hospital system.

METHODS
After reviewing evidence-based guidelines and best practices, a thyroid-stimulating hormone with reflex to fT4 test and an outpatient thyroid order panel with clinical decision support at order entry, along with several rounds of provider education and feedback, were implemented. Outpatient and inpatient order sets and system preference lists were reviewed with subject matter experts and revised when appropriate. Tracking metrics were identified. Automated monthly run charts and statistical process control charts were created using data retrieved from the electronic health record. Charts established baseline data, balancing measure data, monitored the impact of interventions, and identified future interventions.

RESULTS
Over a 44-month period, among nonendocrinology providers, a reduction in fT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone co-orders from 67% to 15% and an increase in reflex fT4 tests from 0% to 77% was obtained in inpatient and outpatient settings. Direct cost savings as a result of performing 5179 fewer fT4 tests over 3 years was determined to be $45 800.

CONCLUSIONS
After implementation of a reflex fT4 test, a novel order panel with clinical decision support, provider education, and changes to ordering modes, a large and sustainable reduction in fT4 tests that was associated with significant cost savings was achieved among nonendocrinology providers.