bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven Dynamics with Orbital Torus Imaging: A Flexible Model of the Vertical Phase Space of the Galaxy
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Hunt Jason A. S. , Horta Danny , Oeur Micah , Hogg David W. , Johnston Kathryn , Widrow Lawrence 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The vertical kinematics of stars near the Sun can be used to measure the total mass distribution near the Galactic disk and to study out-of-equilibrium dynamics. With contemporary stellar surveys, the tracers of vertical dynamics are so numerous and so well measured that the shapes of underlying orbits are almost directly visible in the data through element abundances or even stellar density. These orbits can be used to infer a mass model for the Milky Way, enabling constraints on the dark matter distribution in the inner galaxy. Here, we present a flexible model for foliating the vertical position–velocity phase space with orbits for use in data-driven studies of dynamics. The vertical acceleration profile in the vicinity of the disk, along with the orbital actions, angles, and frequencies for individual stars, can all be derived from that orbit foliation. We show that this framework—“orbital torus imaging” (OTI)—is rigorously justified in the context of dynamical theory, and does a good job of fitting orbits to simulated stellar abundance data with varying degrees of realism. OTI (1) does not require a global model for the Milky Way mass distribution, and (2) does not require detailed modeling of the selection function of the input survey data. We discuss the approximations and limitations of the OTI framework, which currently trades dynamical interpretability for flexibility in representing the data in some regimes, and which also presently separates the vertical and radial dynamics. We release an open-source tool, torusimaging, to accompany this article.
Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XXI. Candidate Red Quasars at z ≥ 6 from Near-infrared Photometry
Authors: Iwamoto Ryo , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Imanishi Masatoshi , Iwasawa Kazushi , Izumi Takuma , Kashikawa Nobunari , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Sawamura Mahoshi , Strauss Michael A. , Takahashi Ayumi , Toba Yoshiki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an analysis of near-infrared photometry of 59 quasars at 5.83 < z < 7.07, obtained with the Gemini North Telescope and the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS. The sample consists of low-luminosity quasars discovered in the Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) project. With the near-infrared magnitudes combined with the optical photometric and spectroscopic data from the previous Hyper Suprime-Cam and SHELLQs observations, we searched for red (dust-reddened) quasars, characterized by the color excess of E(B − V) > 0.1. We identified five red quasar candidates. The low fraction (8%) of red quasars in our sample suggests that the low luminosity of the SHELLQs quasars is mostly due to the nature of the quasars, not due to extinction by dust. The candidates tend to be found on the low-luminosity side (measured with the rest-ultraviolet absolute magnitude at 1450 Å of M
1450 > −24 mag) of the sample. This luminosity trend may support the idea that red quasars represent an evolutionary stage preceding unobscured quasars, often invoked in the merger-driven galaxy evolution scenario.
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component
Authors: Zhou Jing-Zhi , Kuang Yu-Ting , Chang Zhe , Lü H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 2023 June, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic gravitational waves, have received widespread attention. When primordial curvature perturbations on small scales are sufficiently large, primordial black holes (PBHs) inevitably form, concurrently producing SIGWs with significant observable effects. These SIGWs can serve as an additional radiation component, influencing the relativistic degrees of freedom N
eff. Taking into account primordial non-Gaussianity, we study the energy density spectrum of SIGWs up to the third order and use the current observational data of N
eff to constrain small-scale primordial curvature perturbations and the abundance of PBHs.
Euphorbia hypericifolia (Euphorbiaceae): una nueva adición a la flora vascular de Marruecos
Authors: Khamar Hamid , Boudik Soukayna , Benkhnigue Ouafae , Zidane Lahcen 
Published: January 2025

Euphorbia hypericifolia L., nativa de los trópicos y subtrópicos del Nuevo Mundo, se ha encontrado recientemente en lugares alterados de la región fitogeográfica del Atlántico Norte de Marruecos. Representa un nuevo registro para la flora vascular de Marruecos. Para facilitar su identificación, este estudio proporciona una breve descripción morfológica de la especie, un conjunto de fotografías, un mapa de distribución y notas sobre ecología y hábitats.
Type designation of Helianthemum juniperinum (Cistaceae)
Authors: Ferrer Gallego Pedro Pablo 
Published: January 2025

The nomenclatural type of the name Helianthemum juniperinum (basionym of Fumana juniperina) is discussed. A specimen included in Candolle’s collection at Geneva Herbarium (G-DC) and collected in Tunisia is designated as the lectotype of the name.
Gays et lesbiennes en politique
Authors: Bouvard Hugo 
Published: January 2025

Comment peut-on aujourd’hui être gay ou lesbienne en politique ? Cet ouvrage retrace les mobilisations qui, depuis le milieu du vingtième siècle, ont visé à augmenter le nombre de gays et de lesbiennes dans les partis politiques et les assemblées. À partir d’entretiens menés avec des élu·es ayant rendu publique leur homosexualité, il analyse le rôle que celle-ci a joué dans leurs trajectoires, et interroge ce que signifie un « coming out » en politique. Il contribue aux débats sur le lien entre les caractéristiques des élu·es et la représentation des groupes sociaux en étudiant la façon dont ces gays et lesbiennes prétendent (ou non) représenter les minorités sexuelles. Alors que le débat public est saturé de discours comparant la place des minorités en France et aux États-Unis, l’ouvrage sociologise les différences observées en rendant compte des contraintes asymétriques qui pèsent de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique sur l’exercice d’un mandat politique, lorsqu’on appartient à un groupe minorisé.
Availability of support systems for youth who left child and youth care centres during COVID-19
Authors: Zingwe Fadzaishe B. , Lekganyane Maditobane R. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Youth who left child and youth care centres (CYCCs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were exposed to unique scale of challenges compared to their peers. Their transition period required them to have solid plans for their uncertain future towards independence. In further compounding their challenges was their being indeterminate given the uncertainties associated with COVID-19. It was therefore, essential for them to have the necessary support systems to aid them both during their period in care as well as when they left these centres.Aim: This study sought to explore available support systems for youth who left care during the COVID-19 pandemic.Setting: The setting of this study was Ekurhuleni metro municipality in Gauteng province of South Africa.Methods: This was a qualitative study. A total of 12 youth who left care centres during the COVID-19 were recruited through purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis strategy, and trustworthiness was guided by credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability.Results: The findings revealed the existence of support from various systems including the CYCCs themselves, social workers from both the CYCCs and the communities, sponsors, primary caregivers as well as friends.Conclusion: Youth who leave CYCC develop relationships from the care centres. These relationships form the basis of their support, upon which they rely even after their departure from these centres.Contributions: The study highlighted the importance of considering the impact of COVID-19 on the CYCCs and significance of supporting youth leaving them during pandemics such as COVID-19.
Assessing the Impact of Digital Programmes and Applications on Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Alharbi Hassan Abdulmohsen , Alsulami Ruba Yosof T. , Alsuhaibani Renad Youssuf , Muthaffar Amjad Hassan , Alsulami Taeef Mutlaq J. , Alzobaidi Abdulaziz Ali M. , Al-Amer Ebtesam Saleh , Alismail Fatimah Bader N. , Alnughaymishi Mayar Khalid H , Aldakhil Lama Saleh , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Digital programmes and applications (apps) have emerged as the potential tools for managing MetS through lifestyle modifications and health behaviour interventions. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of digital programmes and applications on patients with MetS, focusing on key outcomes related to metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors and patient engagement.

Methods:
A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to identify the relevant studies published between 2012 and 2024. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of digital programmes and applications in patients with MetS were included. Quality assessment was done using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials, the JBI tool for one quasi-experimental study and the NIH tool for observational studies.

Results:
A total of 15 studies were included in this study, comprising 1879 participants with MetS. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index (mean difference [MD] −0.56 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.88, −0.25], P = 0.0004), systolic blood pressure (MD − 3.07 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.21, −0.94], P = 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (MD −1.37 mmHg, 95% CI [−4.88, 2.15], P = 0.45), lipid profile (e.g., total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose levels (MD − 2.09 mg/dL, 95% CI [−4.77, 0.60], P = 0.13).

Conclusion:
Digital programmes and applications demonstrate significant beneficial effects on metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, medication adherence and patient engagement in individuals with MetS. These findings support the integration of digital health interventions as the adjunctive tools in the management of MetS and underscore the potential for personalised and technology-driven approaches to improve patient outcomes and promote healthy lifestyles.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Predictors and Cross-sectional Insights
Authors: Alkhaldi Ahmed Hamoud , Aljohani Ammar Mohammed , Alghamdi Reem Abdullah , Alfaraj Fatimah Baqer , Alalweni Bara Talal , Alenezi Rayan Abdulaziz , Alamri Mohammed Fehaid , Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Asiri Abdullah Ahmed A , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Anaemia, particularly iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The clinical definition of anaemia is characterised by low amounts of haemoglobin, the iron-rich protein in red blood cells, essential for oxygen transport. One of the early consequences of CKD is the development of anaemia, which tends to worsen as kidney function declines. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of IDA amongst Saudi Arabian patients with CKD, adding valuable information to the existing body of knowledge and addressing a significant gap in regional research.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2023 in various healthcare facilities across Saudi Arabia. The study population consisted of 1184 Saudi Arabian patients diagnosed with CKD. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire focusing on the prevalence of IDA, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. The sample size was calculated to ensure adequate representation and statistical power. Convenience sampling was used for participant selection, and SPSS 28.0 was employed for data analysis.

Results:
The study found a high prevalence rate of 43.9% for IDA amongst CKD patients in Saudi Arabia. Key factors associated with anaemia included body mass index (BMI), family history, smoking status, dietary habits and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Notably, obesity (BMI ≥30) was linked to a lower likelihood of anaemia, while non-smokers showed a higher likelihood. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of dietary factors and patient awareness in managing IDA.

Conclusion:
The study’s findings underscore the significant burden of IDA amongst CKD patients in Saudi Arabia and emphasise the multifaceted nature of this health issue. Factors such as BMI, family history, smoking, dietary habits and eGFR play pivotal roles in the manifestation of IDA in CKD patients. These insights call for tailored interventions and further research to address the substantial prevalence of IDA in this population. By addressing these variables, healthcare providers can improve the management and quality of life for CKD patients while minimising the burden of IDA.
[18F]FDG- PET/CT in Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Priyadharshini V M Vimala , Muthukrishnan Indirani , Gauthaman Dinesh Kumar , Simon Shelley 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), a rare hematological disorder, presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its varied clinical manifestations. This study aims to analyse the use of F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) in diagnosis, staging, and management of LCH.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-nine patients with LCH were included, who underwent a total of ninety-three F-18 FDG PET/CT scans (including follow-up scans in 19 patients). The sites of abnormal FDG uptake were assessed and the maximum standardized uptake value was measured in all the scans.

Results:
Twenty-five patients (42.4%) had single system LCH (SS-LCH) and 34 patients (57.6%) had multisystem involvement LCH, 49/59. The most common sites of LCH involvement were bones (49/59, 83.1%) and lymph nodes (39/59, 44.9%). 12/59 patients (20.3%) had unifocal SS-LCH bone lesions, mostly in skull. The other common sites involved were lungs, liver, spleen, marrow, skin, and soft tissues. Less commonly involved sites included pancreas (2 cases), occipital lobe (1 case), and bowel (1 case). PET/CT was used in response assessment in 19 patients and helped in initiation of second line chemotherapy in cases of disease progression (2 cases) and relapse (2 cases). Seven cases with clinical suspicion were diagnosed as LCH based on lesion characteristics and FDG uptake, which were later biopsy proven.

Conclusion:
F-18 FDG PET/CT revealed morphological and metabolic characteristics of LCH lesions, aiding in accurate diagnosis, assessment of disease burden, and prognostication, thereby can be used as a comprehensive imaging tool in management of LCH.
The Usefulness of FDG PET-CT in the Routine Staging of Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis from the Lead Cancer Center, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Jamshed , Baloch Sara , Qayum Iftikhar , Farooqui Amer Rehman , Sajjad Kashif , Khanzada Zubair Shabbir 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Accurate staging of tumors is paramount in the management of cancer patients. Current noninvasive modalities like computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scan offer viable approaches to stage the disease; however, the role of FDG PET-CT in gastric cancer remains unclear, in comparison to esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers, where they have proven usefulness.

Aim:
The primary outcome was to assess the usefulness of FDG PET-CT in staging gastric cancer in our population. The secondary outcome was to compare the positive yield of PET-CT with staging laparoscopy and avidity of FDG PET-CT scan in gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods:
In our institution, FDG PET-CT is routinely used in staging gastric cancer, where CT scan does not show metastases. We did a retrospective analysis of data of gastric cancer patients, who were not known to have metastatic disease, who underwent pretreatment staging workup at our institute between January 2018 and December 2022. Tumor and lymph node (LN) avidity and their association with Lauren classification was assessed. Multivariate regression analysis for factors associated with metastases on FDG PET-CT scan with tumor size, nodal status, and node avidity was also assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for descriptive and comparative statistics; multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the diagnosis of metastases on PET-CT. P =0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Tumor avidity was shown in 181 (89.16%) patients, and LN avidity in 80 (39.4%) patients. This was independent of the Lauren classification. In addition, previously unidentified metastases were highlighted in 16 (8%) patients. Multivariate regression analysis for factors associated with metastases on FDG PET-CT scan showed a significant association with tumor size (P < 0.001), nodal status (P = 0.005), and node avidity (P = 0.024).

Conclusions:
FDG PET-CT scan can identify an additional 8% of previously unidentified metastases, thereby playing a useful role in the staging workup of advanced gastric cancer patients. Approximately 90% of gastric cancers and 40% of LNs were PET avid in our population.
The vertical rectus abdominis (VRAM) free flap in head and neck reconstruction - A series of 20 patients
Authors: Lim Kelvin L.H. 
Published: January 2025

Major defects of the head and neck region require reconstruction with large flaps to replace lining and cover, restore contour and disguise underlying bone loss in those cases where bone reconstruction may be inappropriate. Free flaps offer a single-stage method of reconstruction, and are usually the treatment of choice.
Over a three year period, 20 consecutive patients (14 male, 6 female) ranging in age from 35 to 79 years (mean age = 59.55 years), underwent primary reconstruction of large tumour related defects in the head and neck region using the VRAM free flap. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 42 months (mean follow up period = 15.3 months). 15 of these patients presented with recurrent tumour, of which 3 had previous reconstruction with free flaps. 18 reconstructions were performed in previously irradiated patients, with 2 of these patients having also received pre-operative chemotherapy. Subsequent tumour recurrence in the previously irradiated group was treated with either further resection, post-operative radiotherapy or post-operative chemotherapy, with 10 deaths occurring during the follow-up period.
The VRAM free flap was used in 10 oral cavity reconstructions following resection of the tongue, floor of mouth and mandible, 3 pharyngo-oesophageal reconstructions following pharyngo-laryngectomy, 3 orbito-maxillary reconstructions, and 4 facial reconstructions following resection of the vertical ramus of mandible without bone reconstruction.
This series of 20 consecutive patients confirms the versatility, safety, reliability and low donor site morbidity of the VRAM free flap in head and neck reconstruction. We believe this flap is particularly indicated in the previously irradiated patient with pain, trismus, infection or osteo-radionecrosis where resection of the vertical ramus of the mandible is indicated. The VRAM flap provides good cosmetic and functional reconstruction with symptomatic relief of both pain and trismus.
Functional recovery following non-surgical treatment of condylar fractures
Authors: Rahman Rossuhaimi bin Abdul , Tin Ong Siew 
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to review and evaluate the functional outcomes following non-surgical treatment of fractured condyles done at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya during the period of 1990 to 2002.
A total of 78 patients fulfilled the criteria but only 58 patients had sufficient contact information. All these patients were recalled but only 20 patients (25.6%) came for review and clinical examination.
The most common type of fracture was condylar neck fracture (81%) and the least common was intracapsular fracture. Six patients had bilateral condylar fractures. Condylar fractures were most often associated with mandibular fractures (70%); mainly at the regions of symphysis and parasymphysis (47%). The modes of treatment were conservative functional for undisplaced fractures or fractures without occlusal derangement; and intermaxillary fixation with wires for displaced fractures or if there was occlusal derangement.
At review, all patients had satisfactory occlusal interdigitation. Ten patients reported subjective symptoms which included pain, limitation of mouth opening, jaw deviation and asymmetry. Signs and symptoms were most frequently associated with condylar neck fractures with displacement.
In conclusion, condylar fractures treated non-surgically showed an overall satisfactory outcome. However, the high incidence of persistent signs and symptoms in relation to severely displaced unilateral fractures and bilateral fractures with displacement, there is a need to review the treatment modality and rehabilitation program for these patients.
Aetiology and Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Cases in Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat
Authors: Ling Wong Pei , Khairollah A. Rozila , Balasundram Sathesh 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
To report the aetiology and modalities of treatment of facial trauma cases in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat Hospital.

Method:
A cross sectional study involving all trauma cases attended to from April 2012 till March 2013 was carried out, the collected data analyzed.

Results:
Clinical information of 416 patients was retrieved and analyzed. The most frequently involved age group was 10-19 years (30.3%) with a male preponderance (73.3%). The main cause of injury was road traffic accidents (78.1%) followed by falls (11.1%), assaults (5.8%) and sports injuries (2.4%). 80.8% of the patients were Malays, while the remaining 12.0% were Chinese, 1.4% Indians and 5.8% foreigners respectively. A total of 612 facial injuries was noted. The injuries sustained include soft tissue injury (46.4%), dentoalveolar injury (24.0%), mid face fractures (18.0%), mandible fractures (10.1%) and upper face fractures (1.5%). The types of treatment rendered include soft tissue management (43.2%), conservative treatment (28.6%), dentoalveolar management (13.6%), closed reduction (8.1%) and internal fixation (6.5%).

Conclusion:
Our results may represent an important database in conducting further prospective longitudinal studies to explicate the prevalence and outcome of oral and maxillofacial trauma management in Malaysia. The increased incidence of maxillofacial trauma following road traffic accidents noted in this study reveals the need for formulating preventive measures and effectively implementing them to reduce the number of road traffic accidents in this district. Increasing facilities for the management of maxillofacial trauma at local district hospitals is of an overriding importance to address this concern.