bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politics and Management
Authors: Pollitt Christopher , Bouckaert Geert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At this point we shift gear. In chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 we have been engaged in building a model of management reform, classifying key contextual features which differentiate one country’s regime from another, identifying alternative trajectories for change and examining the evidence as to the results of this change. Each of these chapters has therefore been intended to help build up a general picture of what has been happening in the world of public management reform. In the remainder of the book, however, we stand back from this picture in order to reflect upon and interpret some of its broader features.
Trade-Offs, Balances, Limits, Dilemmas and Paradoxes
Authors: Pollitt Christopher , Bouckaert Geert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A prominent, but frequently unremarked feature of the public sector reforms of the last twenty years has been a large optimism about the potential of management itself (Pollitt, 1993, pp. 1-5). Few boundaries seem to be envisaged for the exercise of this set of dynamic and purportedly generic skills.
German Department Store Chains from the l920s to the l980s
Authors: Homburg Heidrun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the ‘modem business enterprise’ constitutes the primary object of the study of modern business history (Chandler and Hikino 1990: 14), large retail firms tend to be ignored, particularly in Germany. In general, business history focuses on the modern industrial enterprise, with modem mass distributors relegated to the status of the insignificant stepchildren at best. If large retail firms are mentioned as a subspecies of the modem business enterprise at all, they do not really attract the scholar’s attention. This neglect reflects a bias towards the study of production in economic history. There are many reasons why business history has evolved in this way, including the lesser innovative power of the distributor. Distributors are limited to organizational innovations. They also experience comparatively lower rates of return in comparison with industry.
Technological Development and Policy Liberalization
Authors: Amann Edmund 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 1 it was argued that the single most important justification for the development of an indigenous capital goods sector within an LDC emerges from the potential it has to generate and diffuse technological progress throughout the economy through product innovation. Chapter 1 pointed to a number of possible roles for the state that arise in connection with this central justification. Principally, a role for the state was identified in terms of providing direct financial and institutional support for indigenous research and development. Secondly., it was suggested that advantages might stem from governmental regulation of the process of technology transfer between foreign and indigenous enterprises in the sector. Thirdly, an argument was advanced for enhanced tariff and non-tariff protection of the domestic sector. Finally, it was suggested that a role for the state existed in terms of promoting technological progress through the support of user-producer linkages.
Conclusions
Authors: Amann Edmund 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discussion so far has aimed to assess the effects of progressive reductions in the role of the state on the development of an advanced industrial sector in an important emerging market economy. Specifically, an attempt has been made to establish the impacts of rapid market liberalization on the competitive performance of the Brazilian non-serial capital goods sector through the examination of alterations in static and dynamic efficiency. In doing so, it was hoped that some light could be shed on the theoretical issue of whether a withdrawal of the state would be likely to induce benefits or losses in terms of such efficiencies.
Introduction
Authors: Birkinshaw Julian , öm Peter Hagstr 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume is the result of a novel type of partnership between researchers and corporations. The fundamental idea of this partnership was for academics to present preliminary research ideas for a ‘relevance test’ by the firms. Having vetted their early thoughts in this fashion, the participating firms then pro¬vided resources and sites for the ensuing research. The resultant collection of research papers addresses a wide variety of different research topics, and utilizes very different methodologies, but the papers share a number of common themes that have sprung directly from the research programme known as Capability Management in Network Organizations (CaMiNO). While it may seem a little self-indulgent, we will nevertheless use this space to provide some background on the CaMiNO programme.
New Wine in Old Bottles: Information Technology Evolution in Firm Strategy and Structure
Authors: Hagström Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are firms inexorably moving into the brave new world of the information society or does information technology merely provide advances-albeit dramatic advances-in firm efficiency? Arguably, if we were to see these views as extremes on a continuum and confine our population to academics, the centre of gravity would be closer to the ‘hype’ side. In firms the situation appears to be more complicated. Painting the picture with broad brush strokes, operational management is likely to lean towards the efficiency side, professionals (in particular within the IT function) are more prone to see the sky as the only limit, while corporate management often finds itself in the role of innocent and incredulous bystander. Stark simplification as this undoubtedly is, it may still be a helpful point of departure when trying to make some sense of the impact on firm strategy and structure of the dizzying development of information technology.
A Class of Tests for Integration and Cointegration
Authors: Stock James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intellectual architecture of cointegration analysis constitutes a watershed accomplishment of time series econometrics in the 1980s. As of 1980, econometricians confronted several apparently conflicting pieces of evidence about long run relations among time series. It was recognized that many macroeconomic time series exhibit trend-like behavior and have considerable persistence. Granger (1966) expressed this as the series having much of their spectral power at low frequencies, and Nelson and Plosser (1982) argued that this persistence was captured by modeling the series as having a unit autoregressive root (being integrated of order one). But how to model multiple time series in levels remained unclear. On the one hand, regressions involving highly persistent, unrelated series can produce spuriously large correlations and thus can incorrectly appear to be related (Yule, 1926; Granger and New bold, 1974).
Investigating Inflation Transmission by Stages of Processing
Authors: Lee Tae-Hwy , Scott Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the time of the 1973-74 oil price shock, the featured index for the CS Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index program was “All Commodities.” For some time, this index was dominated by effects of oil prices as their effects spread to refined petroleum producers and other producers experiencing higher energy prices. Critics complained that the single summary index gave a very limited picture of what was happening in prices. In 1978, BLS shifted its publication emphasis to a stage of processing (SOP) system. As explained by Gaddie and Zoller (1988):
Residual Variance Estimates and Order Determination in Panels of Intercorrelated Autoregressive Time Series
Authors: Hjellvik Vidar , Tjøstheim Dag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For some reason there seems to be a tradition for removing 17t1 thus ignoring the common effects over time and hence effectively the contribution of this term to the intercorrelation across the panel. We claim that the neglect of intercorrelation implied by omitting rJt can in many instances not be justified, and it may have some severe consequences for the estimation of the AR-para­meters of the model. This was demonstrated in Hjellvik and Tjøstheim ( 1999), to which we refer for more details.
Welfare: Towards the Patriotic Corporation
Authors: Blattberg Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine that, one day, a corporate manager realizes that she can improve her corporation’s competitiveness by having it enter into certain informal and implicit trust agreements in order to limit competition from businesses outside of those agreements. Moreover, that same day she receives a report about a potential competitor who has developed an innovative new product and decides that the thing to do is to buy them out and then hold the product back, thus ensuring that her own firm’s profits are not jeopardized. Perhaps in a few years, when the current production line has run its course and the factory will be ready to be re-equipped anyways, her company can bring the new product out on the market.
Introduction
Authors: Chung Jae Ho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Politics, in large part, evolves around the making and implementation of authoritative decisions. The classic imperative of ‘who gets what and how’ attains a real meaning only when pertinent decisions are actually executed. Implementation thus constitutes a very crucial dimension of politics as its processes and outcomes may often produce critical effects on the legitimacy of the regime as well as on the political fate of its leadership. Such high political stakes associated with implementation point to an intuitively sensible conclusion that, in order to ensure effective implementation of policy, any political system must operate with some degrees of consent and support from the controlled. And there emerges an acute need for certain rules of co-ordinating disagreement and generating consensus with regard to the way crucial policy decisions are implemented.
Distorted Images and Reputation Repair
Authors: Dukerich Janet M , Carter Suzanne M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1999 officials of the Coca-Cola Company faced a potentially explosive situation; several people became ill after drinking the Coke brand, leading not only to the biggest recall in its 133-year history, but the forced closure of Coca-Cola plants in Europe for over a week. The incident has been described as a nightmare for the company, ‘which has now discovered that the venerable Coke brand is vulnerable, not just to lapses in quality control that may have led to the contamination of its products but to the shifting perceptions and political sensitivities of its customers’ (Cowell 1999).
Introduction
Authors: Scott Allen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Globalization is both a growing force in our daily lives and a subject of rapidly intensifying debate. Much less evident in prevailing discourse, but surely of equal practical significance, is a new regionalism that appears to be on the rise, and that is rooted in a series of dense nodes of human labor and communal life scat tered across the world. The new regionalism stands in opposition to the view of the world as a borderless space of fiows that is sometimes set forth in discus sions of the future course of international development. It does not represent the antithesis of globalization, however, but is its counterpart in a world from which geography has not yet been-and cannot yet be-abolished.
The World Bank and Global City-Regions: Reaching the Poor
Authors: Wolfensohn James d. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In my capacity as president of the World Bank, I spend a good deal of my time dealing with issues of city-regions in the developing world. Let me talk for a few minutes about the problems I see in terms of the expansion of our planet, and about the development of global city-regions in that part of the world where I work. I should tell you I had these problems brought home to me very strongly after my last visit to Los Angeles. I came at the invitation of the Cardinal to take a look at the South-Central area of the city. I visited the St Francis Cabrini Com munity Center, which deals with immigrants, and the problems of poverty. Shortly after that I went to Honduras, where I visited a center-if that is what it could be called-a sort of dilapidated house that was available to street kids. The kids came in every day, because they had nowhere to live; they left their drugs and their weapons at the door; and there was Father Albert who looked after them. There was also a very tough-looking guy who was there to try to guide and assist them. And he spoke English. So I asked him, “Where did you learn English?” He said, “In South-Central.” I said, “Do you know St Francis Cabrini Community Center?” He said, “Yes, but I didn’t make use of it, so they arrested me and threw me out of the country.” There he was, reformed, telling the kids that if they went down his path the chances were that they would end up in jail. He was telling them that they should not end up in South-Central Los Angeles to make trouble.
Global City-Regions in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Hall Sir Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two questions, separate but interrelated. First, what do we mean by a “global city”? This is an old question, much discussed, but not satisfactorily answered. We need to resolve it before we can proceed to the second and novel question, which is the subject of this symposium: what do we mean by a “global city-region”? A major review of the global-cities literature has come recently from the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network at the University of Loughborough, led by Peter Taylor and John Beaverstock. We can echo their conclusion that “Positioning world cities in a global urban hierarchy has be come a preoccupation for the many scholars of international urban studies” (Beaverstock, Smith, and Taylor 1999: 2).
Environmental Sustainability and Services in Developing Global City-Regions
Authors: Panayotou Theodore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Global city-regions have enormous advantages in terms of economies of scale and agglomeration and ability to attract investment and to create jobs and wealth. At the same time, megacities, and even cities of moderate size, require continuous investment in expansion and maintenance of a broad range of infrastructure and public services if they are to work efficiently and to continue to attract investment and provide a satisfactory quality of life to their expanding and increasingly de manding populations. Even in developed countries, providing adequate infrastructure and public services to meet the growing demand and to ensure improving-or at least not deteriorating-environmental quality has always been a challenge.
International Criminal Jurisdiction
Authors: Arthur Watts 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea of establishing an international criminal court is not new, but it has been slow to gather sufficient momentum to turn the ideal into a reality. In 1872 a proposal was made, but not acted upon, for the establishment of such a court to bring to justice any person responsible for violations of the 1864 Geneva Convention. After the First World War a commission proposed that an ad hoc tribunal be set up to try nationals of the defeated ‘Central Powers’ for violations of the laws of war and the law of humanity, but in the Treaty of Versailles 1919 this proposal was rejected in favour of an ad hoc tribunal to try only the German Emperor for a ‘supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties’ (but the Emperor escaped trial by fleeing to The Netherlands). A permanent international criminal court within the framework of the League of Nations was proposed in 1920, but the Assembly considered the proposal premature.
Is there a European Approach to Human Rights?
Authors: Leben Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At first sight the question takes us by surprise, so closely linked in our minds are human rights with the universal, and not the particular. Certain quotations concerning the universal dimension of human rights spring to mind immediately: ‘[a]ll men are born equally free and independent’ (Virginia Declaration of Rights, June 1776); or ‘all men are created equal, … they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights’ (Declaration of Independence of the United States of America, July 1776), ‘[m]en are born free and equal in rights’, and this is a ‘sacred and inalienable right’ (France, 1789). And all those texts reach their apogee, as it were, in Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: ‘ [a]ll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights’ and this time, moreover, the man/human being ambiguity is swept aside.
Human Rights Clauses in External Agreements of the EC
Authors: Riedel Eibe , Will Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The unsatisfactory situation with regard to suspending or terminating agreements between the European Communities (EC) and third States or groups of third States in the event of grave human rights breaches was one of the main reasons human rights clauses became incorporated in such agreements from Lome IV (1989) onwards. Massive human rights violations in States like Uganda or Equatorial Guinea immediately after Lome I had come into force on 1 April 1976 had underlined the moral and legal dilemma of the EC: They had increasingly found themselves facing payment obligations arising from treaties vis-á-vis regimes perpetrating human rights violations. The fact that payments, such as the payment of seven million ECU to the Idi Amin regime out of STABEX funds were not halted altogether, despite such violations, had its root-cause not least in the limited possibilities for reaction which general international law offered.
Background to the Tampere Summit
Authors: Kennett W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Presidency conclusions at Tampere did not come out of a vacuum. They are based on developments in different areas of Community law which have until recently pursued separate courses. The fusing of ideas from these different areas will give progress towards a European Judicial Area a new impetus. The aim of this chapter is to try to indicate some of the elements that are now being combined to produce a new set of policies.
Garnishment
Authors: Kennett W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All European Union legal systems contain rules to allow execution out of debts. A judgment creditor’s claim may be enforced by requiring a third party who owes money to the judgment debtor to pay that money to the judgment creditor instead. The third party’s debt to the judgment debtor is seized by the judgment creditor, with the result that payment cannot be made to the judgment debtor and must instead be made to the judgment creditor. In practice the procedure is commonly used to enable the judgment creditor to access funds of the debtor held in a bank account, or to seize a proportion of the debtor’s wages or salary. For present purposes such execution will be referred to as ‘garnishment’.
CPT and Other International Standards for the Prevention of Torture
Authors: Suntinger Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been said of the CPT’s procedural safeguards that ‘it must be stressed that [they] have not been developed in a vacuum’.1 This observation is true for all CPT standards, and the purpose of this chapter is to examine the manner in which the preventive standards applied by the CPT relate to the broader, comprehensive web of international obligations, norms, and standards of which they form a part.
The CPT in France
Authors: Hank Roland 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The CPT carried out two periodic visits of thirteen days each in 1991 and 1996 and one ad hoc visit of three days in 1994. A further ad hoc visit lasting five days was made in 1994 to the French overseas department of Martinique. Given that the situation in Martinique is not comparable to that in the mother country, the following analysis will be restricted to the inspections of continental French territory.
The Law of Secured Finance
Authors: Ali Pau 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The security interest is one of the most important devices used by financiers to manage credit risk. A financier that holds a security interest over the assets of a debtor enjoys considerable advantages over those creditors of the debtor who do not - since the security interest confers on the financier, in the event of a default by or the insolvency of the debtor, preferential rights of recourse against the assets encompassed by the security interest. By far the most important class of security interest, concerns security interests granted by companies over their personal property. The company is the dominant legal entity used for business enterprises, and a company's most valuable assets are likely to be its receivables, inventory, cash deposits, investment assets and intellectual property rights, all types of personal property. Security interests over personal property thus play an integral role in many modern financing transactions. For example, the obligations owed by a company to a financier in a multi-lender transaction (such as a loan syndication or risk participation) and to investors in structured financial products (such as asset-backed securities) are commonly supported by security interests over the company's personal property. This book discusses in detail the types of security interest that companies can grant over their personal property, and the regulation of such security interests under the laws of England and Wales, and the major common law jurisdictions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Reference is also made to selected material on security interests from the economically important common law jurisdictions of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. The book also examines the latest forms of security interest - such as lightweight floaters and fixed charges over fluctuating asset classes - being used by financiers, and the substitutes for security interests, principally negative pledges, retention of title clauses, set-off and flawed assets. Finally, the book considers the international initiatives of UNCITRAL and Unidroit to place cross-border security interests on a sounder footing.
Federalism and Regulation: Some Generalizations
Authors: Revesz Richard L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the early 1990s, the legal academic literature has paid a great deal of attention to how responsibility over environmental regulation in the United States should be allocated between the federal government and the states. One purpose of this chapter, to which I turn in Part I, is to defend the approach for the analysis of this issue that I have developed in a series of prior articles (Revesz 1997c; 1997e; 1996; 1992). A second goal of the chapter is to suggest how the analysis of federalism and environmental regulation in the United States can cast light on other questions that are of central concern to the contributors to this volume. Part II deals with the allocation of responsibility over environmental regulation in other systems of economic integration, particularly the European Union. Part III discusses the treatment of environmental matters in international trade disputes. Finally, Part IV turns its attention to other areas of government intervention, such as corporate law, banking, and programmes of economic redistribution.