bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A seed and bridge layer method for inkjet printing of narrow traces on receding ink-substrate combinations
Authors: Pratt Nicholas , Rao Pratap M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inkjet printing of electronic materials is of interest for digital printing of flexible electronics and sensors, but the width of the inkjet-printed lines is still large, limiting device size and performance. Decreasing the drop volume, increasing the drop spacing, and increasing the ink-substrate contact angle are all approaches by which the line width can be lowered, however these approaches are limited by the nozzle geometry, ink coalescence and bead instabilities, and contact angle hysteresis, respectively. Here we demonstrate a novel approach for stable inkjet printing of very narrow lines on ink-substrate combinations with a high contact angle, utilizing the de-wetting of the ink due to the decreased contact angle hysteresis. After printing and drying an initial layer of disconnected seed drops of silver nanoparticle ink, we print an additional layer of bridging drops of the same ink in between the dried seed drops. The bridging drops expand to touch the dried seed drops and then retract into a line, due to the pinning of the wet ink on the dried seed ink but not on the substrate, forming a continuous silver trace. The trace width is decreased from 60 μm with a traditional printing approach down to 12.6 μm with this seed-bridge approach. The electrical conductivity of the silver trace is similar to that of a conventionally printed trace. Due to poor adhesion on the print substrate, the trace was transferred to a separate polymer substrate with a simple hot-pressing procedure, which preserves the electrical conductivity of the trace.
Correcting for Antibody Waning in Cumulative Incidence Estimation From Sequential Serosurveys
Authors: Kadelka Sarah , Bouman Judith A , Ashcroft Peter , Regoes Roland R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Serosurveys are a widely used tool to estimate the cumulative incidence—the fraction of a population that has been infected by a given pathogen. These surveys rely on serological assays that measure the level of pathogen-specific antibodies. Because antibody levels are waning, the fraction of previously infected individuals that have seroreverted increases with time past infection. To avoid underestimating the true cumulative incidence, it is therefore essential to correct for waning antibody levels. We present an empirically supported approach for seroreversion correction in cumulative incidence estimation when sequential serosurveys are conducted in the context of a newly emerging infectious disease. The correction is based on the observed dynamics of antibody titers in seropositive cases and validated using several in silico test scenarios. Furthermore, through this approach we revise a previous cumulative incidence estimate relying on the assumption of an exponentially declining probability of seroreversion over time, of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, of 76% in Manaus, Brazil, by October 2020 to 47.6% (95% confidence region: 43.5–53.5). This estimate has implications, for example, for the proximity to herd immunity in Manaus in late 2020.
Impaired proactive cognitive control in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kricheldorff Julius , Ficke Julia , Debener Stefan , Witt Karsten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Adaptive control has been studied in Parkinson’s disease mainly in the context of proactive control and with mixed results. We compared reactive- and proactive control in 30 participants with Parkinson’s disease to 30 age matched healthy control participants. The electroencephalographic activity of the participants was recorded over 128 channels while they performed a numerical Stroop task, in which we controlled for confounding stimulus-response learning. We assessed effects of reactive- and proactive control on reaction time-, accuracy- and electroencephalographic time-frequency data. Behavioural results show distinct impairments of proactive- and reactive control in participants with Parkinson’s disease, when tested on their usual medication. Compared to healthy control participants, participants with Parkinson’s disease were impaired in their ability to adapt cognitive control proactively and were less effective to resolve conflict using reactive control. Successful reactive and proactive control in the healthy control group was accompanied by a reduced conflict effect between congruent and incongruent items in midline-frontal theta power. Our findings provide evidence for a general impairment of proactive control in Parkinson’s disease and highlight the importance of controlling for the effects of S-R learning when studying adaptive control. Evidence concerning reactive control was inconclusive, but we found that participants with Parkinson’s disease were less effective than healthy control participants in resolving conflict during the reactive control task.
Protocolized polyoma BK viral load monitoring and high-dose immunoglobulin treatment in children after kidney transplant
Authors: Pollack Shirley , Plonsky-Toder Moran , Tibi Rami , Yakubov Renata , Libinson-Zebegret Irina , Magen Daniella 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
BKPyV virus nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is diagnosed in 5%–16% of pediatric renal transplant recipients (PRTR) and preceded by BKPyV-viruria and DNAemia. Despite the risk of irreversible transplant damage associated with BKPyVAN, evidence-based consensus guidelines for BKPyVAN prevention are still lacking. In this retrospective study, we examined the safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (HD-IVIG) therapy for prevention of BKPyVAN in PRTR with significant BKPyV-viruria/DNAemia.

Methods
Between January 2013 and December 2022, all PRTR under our care underwent routine urine and blood testing for BKPyV viral load, using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). BKPyV DNAemia, with &lt;103 copies/mL, with BKPyV viruria &lt;107 copies/mL, with no evidence of BKPyVAN, were managed with 50% dose reduction of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Patients showing no decline in BKPyV viral load within two months of MMF dose reduction were managed with HD-IVIG (2 g/kg).

Results
Seventy patients were recruited during a ten-year period and 31/70 patients (44%) demonstrated significant post-transplantation BKPyV-viruria/DNAemia, while 13/31 (42%) patients were unresponsive to MMF dose reduction, and were administered HD-IVIG. Of these, 12/13 (92%) patients achieved BKPyV viral clearance within six months from completion of HD-IVIG therapy and 1/13 patient (8%) was unresponsive to HD-IVIG therapy, showing increased BKPyV viral load. There were no major adverse events associated with HD-IVIG, and none of our patients developed BKPyVAN during the study period.

Conclusions
Prophylactic HD-IVIG therapy in PRTR with significant BKPyV-viruria/DNAemia unresponsive to MMF dose reduction is safe and might be effective in preventing BKPyVAN. Our findings remain to be established by large-scale prospective studies.
Comparative metabolic analysis and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat grains: implications for developing functional wheat varieties
Authors: Sun Nannan , Zhang Zhizhong , Xu Yueting , Xu Zhengyuan , Li Baoqiang , Fan Qingfeng , Zhang Guoping , Ye Lingzhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Pigmented wheat has garnered increased attention due to its elevated antioxidant activity. This study aimed to compare the metabolic components and antioxidant properties of purple and white wheat grains.

Materials and Methods
Metabolic analysis identified a total of 405 secondary metabolites using three extraction methods: free, acid, and alkali hydrolysis.

Results
The results revealed that, compared with white wheat, purple wheat exhibited significantly higher levels of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Notably, there were substantial variations in 90, 80, and 73 secondary metabolites between white and purple wheat under the respective extraction methods. The contents of hispidulin-8-C-(2ʹʹ-O-glucosyl) glucoside, hispidulin-8-C-glucoside, diosmetin-6-C-glucoside, and scoparin decreased across all groups, while the contents of peonidin-3-O-glucoside, keracyanin, kuromanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6ʹʹ-O-malonyl) glucoside increased.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that pathways associated with anthocyanin, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis were influenced. Furthermore, each extraction method revealed distinct secondary metabolites. Acid and alkali hydrolysis upregulated 16 and 3 metabolites in purple wheat, and 20 and 3 metabolites in white wheat, respectively. Acid and alkaline hydrolysis also identified indole-3-carboxylic acid, vanillic acid, pyridoxine, and other metabolites with antioxidant and antihypertensive effects in both white and purple wheat. This indicates that acid and alkaline hydrolysis can dissociate a greater variety and quantity of differential metabolites. These findings offer valuable insights for breeders seeking to develop wheat varieties with enhanced functional nutritional value.
An overview of the impacts of fishing on seabirds, including identifying future research directions
Authors: Votier S C , Sherley R B , Scales K L , Camphuysen K , Phillips R A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of fisheries impacts, past and present, is essential for understanding the ecology and conservation of seabirds, but in a rapidly changing world, knowledge and research directions require updating. In this Introduction and in the articles in this Themed Set “Impacts of fishing on seabirds”, we update our understanding of how fishing impacts seabird communities and identify areas for future research. Despite awareness of the problems and mitigation efforts for &gt;20 years, fisheries still negatively impact seabirds via the effects of bycatch, competition, and discards. Bycatch continues to kill hundreds of thousands of seabirds annually, with negative population-level consequences. Fisheries for forage fish (e.g. anchovy, sandeel, and krill) negatively impact seabirds by competing for the same stocks. Historically, discards supplemented seabird diets, benefitting some species but also increasing bycatch rates and altering seabird community composition. However, declining discard production has led to potentially deleterious diet switches, but reduced bycatch rates. To improve research into these problems, we make the following recommendations: (1) improve data collection on seabird–vessel interaction and bycatch rates, on fishing effort and vessel movements (especially small-scale fleets), and on mitigation compliance, (2) counter the current bias towards temperate and high-latitude ecosystems, larger-bodied species and particular life stages or times of year (e.g. adults during breeding), and (3) advance our currently poor understanding of combined effects of fisheries and other threats (e.g. climate change, offshore renewables). In addition, research is required on under-studied aspects of fishing impacts: consequences for depleted sub-surface predators, impacts of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, artisanal and emerging fisheries, such as those targeting mesopelagic fish, have received insufficient research attention. Some of these shortfalls can be overcome with new tools (e.g. electronic monitoring, remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and big data) but quantifying and addressing fishing impacts on seabirds requires greater research investment at appropriate spatio-temporal scales, and more inclusive dialogue from grassroots to national and international levels to improve governance as fishing industries continue to evolve.
Resource allocation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the impact on patients with lung cancer: a systematic review
Authors: EL-Andari Ryaan , Fialka Nicholas M , Jogiat Uzair , Laing Bryce , Bédard Eric L R , Nagendran Jayan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unprecedented tolls on both economies and human life. Healthcare resources needed to be reallocated away from the care of patients and towards supporting the pandemic response. In this systematic review, we explore the impact of resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic on the screening, diagnosis, management and outcomes of patients with lung cancer during the pandemic.

METHODS
PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for articles investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with lung cancer. Of the 1605 manuscripts originally screened, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS
Patients with lung cancer during the pandemic experienced reduced rates of screening, diagnostic testing and interventions but did not experience worse outcomes. Population-based modelling studies predict significant increases in mortality for patients with lung cancer in the years to come.

CONCLUSIONS
Reduced access to resources during the pandemic resulted in reduced rates of screening, diagnosis and treatment for patients with lung cancer. While significant differences in outcomes were not identified in the short term, ultimately the effects of the pandemic and reductions in cancer screening will likely be better delineated in the coming years. Future consideration of the long-term implications of resource allocation away from patients with lung cancer with an attempt to provide equitable access to healthcare and limited interruptions of patient care may help to provide the best care for all patients during times of limited resources.
Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on coagulation factors II, VII and X in a primate model: an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Shimoda Tomonari , Liu Chang , Mathis Bryan J , Goto Yukinobu , Ageyama Naohide , Kato Hideyuki , Matsubara Muneaki , Ohigashi Tomohiro , Gosho Masahiko , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery is a major risk factor for postoperative bleeding. We hypothesized that consumptive coagulopathy and haemodilution influence the coagulation factors; therefore, we aimed to estimate the activity profiles of coagulation factors II, VII and X during CPB circulation.

METHODS
A 120-min bypass was surgically established in cynomolgus monkeys (n = 7). Activities of coagulation factors II, VII and X were measured at 6 time points during the experiment (baseline, 0, 30, 60, 120 min of bypass and 60 min after bypass). To assess the influence of consumptive coagulopathy, the values were adjusted for haemodilution using the haematocrit values. Data were expressed as mean (standard deviation).

RESULTS
Activities of coagulation factors decreased during the experiment. In particular, the activities for II, VII and X were decreased the most by 44.2% (5.0), 61.4% (4.3) and 49.0% (3.7) at 30 min following CPB initiation (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Following adjustments for haemodilution, change magnitudes lessened but remained significant for factor VII. The adjusted concentration of factor VII was observed to decrease from the baseline to the initiation of bypass circulation.

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, coagulation factor II, VII and X concentrations decreased during CPB. Following adjustment for haemodilution, a decrease in concentration was observed with factor VII.
Gene essentiality in cancer is better predicted by mRNA abundance than by gene regulatory network-inferred activity
Authors: Tudose Cosmin , Bond Jonathan , Ryan Colm J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are often deregulated in tumor cells, resulting in altered transcriptional programs that facilitate tumor growth. These altered networks may make tumor cells vulnerable to the inhibition of specific regulatory proteins. Consequently, the reconstruction of GRNs in tumors is often proposed as a means to identify therapeutic targets. While there are examples of individual targets identified using GRNs, the extent to which GRNs can be used to predict sensitivity to targeted intervention in general remains unknown. Here we use the results of genome-wide CRISPR screens to systematically assess the ability of GRNs to predict sensitivity to gene inhibition in cancer cell lines. Using GRNs derived from multiple sources, including GRNs reconstructed from tumor transcriptomes and from curated databases, we infer regulatory gene activity in cancer cell lines from ten cancer types. We then ask, in each cancer type, if the inferred regulatory activity of each gene is predictive of sensitivity to CRISPR perturbation of that gene. We observe slight variation in the correlation between gene regulatory activity and gene sensitivity depending on the source of the GRN and the activity estimation method used. However, we find that there is consistently a stronger relationship between mRNA abundance and gene sensitivity than there is between regulatory gene activity and gene sensitivity. This is true both when gene sensitivity is treated as a binary and a quantitative property. Overall, our results suggest that gene sensitivity is better predicted by measured expression than by GRN-inferred activity.
Exposure to urban and rural contexts shapes smartphone usage behavior
Authors: Sapienza Anna , Lítlá Marita , Lehmann Sune , Alessandretti Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Smartphones have profoundly changed human life. Nevertheless, the factors that shape how we use our smartphones remain unclear, in part due to limited availability of usage-data. Here, we investigate the impact of a key environmental factor: users’ exposure to urban and rural contexts. Our analysis is based on a global dataset describing mobile app usage and location for ∼500,000 individuals. We uncover strong and nontrivial patterns. First, we confirm that rural users tend to spend less time on their phone than their urban counterparts. We find, however, that individuals in rural areas tend to use their smartphones for activities such as gaming and social media. In cities, individuals preferentially use their phone for activities such as navigation and business. Are these effects (1) driven by differences between individuals who choose to live in urban vs. rural environments or do they (2) emerge because the environment itself affects online behavior? Using a quasi-experimental design based on individuals that move from the city to the countryside—or vice versa—we confirm hypothesis (2) and find that smartphone use changes according to users’s environment. This work presents a quantitative step forward towards understanding how the interplay between environment and smartphones impacts human lives. As such, our findings could provide information to better regulate persuasive technologies embedded in smartphone apps. Further, our work opens the door to understanding new mechanisms leading to urban/rural divides in political and socioeconomic attitudes.
Estimating the environmental impacts of global lithium-ion battery supply chain: A temporal, geographical, and technological perspective
Authors: Llamas-Orozco Jorge A , Meng Fanran , Walker Gavin S , Abdul-Manan Amir F N , MacLean Heather L , Posen I Daniel , McKechnie Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A sustainable low-carbon transition via electric vehicles will require a comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion batteries’ global supply chain environmental impacts. Here, we analyze the cradle-to-gate energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of current and future nickel-manganese-cobalt and lithium-iron-phosphate battery technologies. We consider existing battery supply chains and future electricity grid decarbonization prospects for countries involved in material mining and battery production. Currently, around two-thirds of the total global emissions associated with battery production are highly concentrated in three countries as follows: China (45%), Indonesia (13%), and Australia (9%). On a unit basis, projected electricity grid decarbonization could reduce emissions of future battery production by up to 38% by 2050. An aggressive electric vehicle uptake scenario could result in cumulative emissions of 8.1 GtCO2eq by 2050 due to the manufacturing of nickel-based chemistries. However, a switch to lithium iron phosphate-based chemistry could enable emission savings of about 1.5 GtCO2eq. Secondary materials, via recycling, can help reduce primary supply requirements and alleviate the environmental burdens associated with the extraction and processing of materials from primary sources, where direct recycling offers the lowest impacts, followed by hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 61, 51, and 17%, respectively. This study can inform global and regional clean energy strategies to boost technology innovations, decarbonize the electricity grid, and optimize the global supply chain toward a net-zero future.
Connectome-based prediction of the severity of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ma Xuefeng , Zhou Weiran , Zheng Hui , Ye Shuer , Yang Bo , Wang Lingxiao , Wang Min , Dong Guang-Heng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social and behavioural deficits. Current diagnosis relies on behavioural criteria, but machine learning, particularly connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM), offers the potential to uncover neural biomarkers for ASD.

Objective
This study aims to predict the severity of ASD traits using CPM and explores differences among ASD subtypes, seeking to enhance diagnosis and understanding of ASD.

Methods
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 151 ASD patients were used in the model. CPM with leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to identify intrinsic neural networks that predict Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores. After the model was constructed, it was applied to independent samples to test its replicability (172 ASD patients) and specificity (36 healthy control participants). Furthermore, we examined the predictive model across different aspects of ASD and in subtypes of ASD to understand the potential mechanisms underlying the results.

Results
The CPM successfully identified negative networks that significantly predicted ADOS total scores [r (df = 150) = 0.19, P = 0.008 in all patients; r (df = 104) = 0.20, P = 0.040 in classic autism] and communication scores [r (df = 150) = 0.22, P = 0.010 in all patients; r (df = 104) = 0.21, P = 0.020 in classic autism]. These results were reproducible across independent databases. The networks were characterized by enhanced inter- and intranetwork connectivity associated with the occipital network (OCC), and the sensorimotor network (SMN) also played important roles.

Conclusions
A CPM based on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity can predicted the severity of ASD. Large-scale networks, including the OCC and SMN, played important roles in the predictive model. These findings may provide new directions for the diagnosis and intervention of ASD, and maybe could be the targets in novel interventions.