bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ToF‐SIMS observation of PTFE surfaces modified by α‐particle irradiation
Authors: Fisher Gregory L. , Ohlhausen James A. , Wetteland Christopher J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe surface structure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) upon α‐particle irradiation has been investigated at doses in the range of 1 × 107 to 1 × 1011 Rad and compared with the surface structure of the unirradiated polymer. Both neat and 25% fiberglass content PTFE were studied. The samples, maintained at nominal room temperature, were irradiated in vacuum by 5.5 MeV 4He2+ ions generated in a tandem accelerator beam line. Static time‐of‐flight SIMS (ToF‐SIMS) was employed to probe chemical changes at the surface as a function of the irradiation level.In general, the data are indicative of increased cross‐linking at α‐doses less than 1 × 109 Rad, followed by increased fragmentation and unsaturation at α‐doses greater than 1 × 109 Rad. Throughout the irradiation regime, scission is a constant factor promoting cross‐linking, branching, and unsaturation. However, at α‐doses greater than 1 × 1010 Rad, extreme structural degradation of the polymer becomes evident and is accompanied by conversion to oxygen‐functionalized and aliphatic compounds. Thus, for PTFE in an α‐particle field, an upper exposure limit of ∼1010 Rad is essential for nominal retention of molecular structure. Finally, a quantitative relationship between α‐dose and characteristic fragment ion intensity is developed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and functional analysis of the orotidine‐5′‐phosphate decarboxylase gene (PbrURA3) of the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Reinoso Cristina , Sorais Françoise , Niño‐Vega Gustavo A. , Fermiñán Encarnación , San‐Blas Gioconda , Domínguez Angel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA genomic clone encoding the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase gene (PbrURA3) was isolated by screening a subgenomic plasmid DNA library of this fungus, using a PCR amplification product of the gene as a probe. Sequence analysis revealed that the gene contains an open reading frame of 855 bp with a single intron (162 bp), and encodes a putative 285 amino acids polypeptide of estimated molecular weight 31.1 kDa and isoelectric point 6.5. The deduced amino acid sequence predicted a 73.4% identity with orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase of Aspergillus nidulans. Functionality of the gene was demonstrated by transformation into a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ura3 null mutant. The PbrURA3 gene sequence has been submitted to GenBank database under Accession No. AJ133782. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La compétence civique. Comment les citoyens informés
contribuent au bon fonctionnement de la démocratie.
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Samba 
Published: July 2005

La compétence civique. Comment les citoyens informés
contribuent au bon fonctionnement de la démocratie., Henry Milner.,
Laval : Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004, 388 p.Pourquoi assiste-t-on à une crise de la participation ?
Pourquoi le taux d'abstention aux élections augmente-t-il
à chaque échéance électorale dans les
démocraties contemporaines? Les explications avancées
varient, mais le livre d'Henry Milner en suggère une nouvelle,
à savoir le faible degré de connaissance civique des
citoyens. L'auteur compare quinze pays industrialisés allant
de l'Amérique du Nord à l'Europe occidentale en
passant par l'Australie et la Nouvelle Zélande.
Histoire de l'OTAN
Authors: Sabourin Louis 
Published: July 2005

Histoire de l'OTAN, Charles Zorgbibe, Paris : Editions Complexe,
2002, 283 pages.Au moment où l'OTAN élargit le nombre de ses
adhésions du côté de l'Europe de l'Est et
redéfinit sa mission au regard de la montée du terrorisme et
des conflits en ex-Yougoslavie, en Afghanistan et en Irak, il serait sage
de lire l'Histoire de l'OTAN de Charles Zorgbibe. Il s'agit
d'un ouvrage quasi prémonitoire qui, en plus de dégager
les origines et les fondements de l'Alliance atlantique,
réussit à illustrer son évolution et surtout à
mettre en lumière ses problèmes et ses perspectives ainsi
qu'à dégager les motifs qui font de l'OTAN une
organisation à la fois indispensable et controversée dans le
monde de l'après-guerre froide.
Political Philosophy and the God of Abraham
Authors: Seaton Paul 
Published: July 2005

Political Philosophy and the God of Abraham, Thomas L. Pangle,
Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003, pp. 263In the beginning was Leo Strauss with his trailblazing Platonizing
exegeses of Genesis, “On the Interpretation of Genesis” and
“Jerusalem and Athens.” Strauss begat many strong and
independent minds who commented on the text. Hillel Fradkin and Robert
Sacks were two of the earliest, as was Leon Kass. Kass recently published
a hefty commentary on the entirety of Genesis, The Beginning of
Wisdom (New York: Free press, 2003).
America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global World
Order
Authors: Breckenridge George 
Published: July 2005

America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global World Order,
Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2004, pp. 339George Will, the American Tory commentator, recently wrote in
Newsweek that “neoconservatives alarm almost everyone who
isn't one—and especially dismay real
conservatives” (emphasis in original). America Alone is a
forceful expression of that dismay by two authors with impeccable
conservative credentials. Halper served in the Nixon, Ford, and Reagan
administrations and is director of the Donner Atlantic Studies Programme
at Cambridge University; Clarke, a former British foreign service officer,
is a fellow at the Cato Institute in Washington. Their book is both a
comprehensive, well documented, no-holds-barred attack on neo-conservative
foreign policy—its advocacy of force as a first resort, its
unilateralism, its exclusive focus on the Middle East, its total lack of
realism—and a defence of what they consider the mainstream
Republican foreign policy tradition, which promotes American values and
interests using the whole palette of diplomatic, economic, and cultural
instruments, as well as military force. The authors are appalled at how
neo-conservative policy has squandered the world's post-9/11
sympathy and led to America's isolation from most of its traditional
allies. As “limited government conservatives” they are alarmed
at the effect of the neo-conservative siege mentality (“World War
IV”) on domestic policy and politics, since a “state of
constant warfare has the effect of transferring power to the center”
(30). They deeply resent the neo-conservatives' claim to
Reagan's legacy by creating “a false history” (chapter 5)
and argue persuasively that Reagan's foreign policy was solidly in
the Republican realist tradition.
Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy
Decision Making
Authors: Tchantouridze Lasha 
Published: July 2005

Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy Decision
Making, Alex Mintz, ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, pp. 175Heuristic method uses formal reasoning that is based on experience,
often because there is no precise and/or relevant algorithm available.
Heuristic reasoning is guided by trial and error. It is convincing without
being rigorous. Heuristic method is basically a rule of thumb or other
simplifications that allow drawing conclusions without being certain.
Phylogeny, phylogeography, and geographic variation of Sylvisorex howelli (Soricidae), an endemic shrew of the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
Authors: Stanley William T. , Olson Link E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe Eastern Arc Mountains of eastern Africa are notable for the high levels of endemism exhibited by various forest‐dwelling organisms of this ancient montane archipelago. There has been virtually no assessment of the variation among populations of small mammal species living on these unique mountains, but recent faunal surveys have produced sufficient material to initiate such studies. Cranial morphometric and DNA sequence data were examined from six populations of Sylvisorex howelli Jenkins, 1984, an endemic shrew found in several different massifs of the Eastern Arc Mountains, to assess variation across the archipelago in the context of various hypotheses of historical biogeography. Twenty‐two cranial measurements were analysed using principal components analysis. Age classes (based on tooth wear) and sex had little effect on the variation exhibited by the variables studied. Overall, specimens of S. howelli from the East Usambara Mountains are smaller than specimens from other known populations. The mitochondrial ND2 and 12S rRNA genes from representatives of each montane population of S. howelli in addition to several crocidurine taxa from eastern Africa and three soricine outgroup species were sequenced to assess phylogenetic relationships among these taxa. Neither maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, nor Bayesian analyses support monophyly of the genus Sylvisorex, but S. howelli populations were consistently recovered as a well‐supported clade. Over 40 individuals of S. howelli from six disjunct montane ranges, comprising the entire known distribution of the species, were sequenced for 504 base pairs of ND2 to investigate phylogeographic patterns. Phylogenetic analysis recovered six reciprocally monophyletic haplotype clades grouped by locality. Branch lengths are consistent with relatively long periods of isolation among populations from the Uluguru, Ukaguru, Nguru, Nguu, East Usambara and West Usambara Mountains, with low levels of diversity observed within each population. These results are interpreted within the historical context of the Eastern Arc Mountains.
At the crossroads: Making the transition to hospice
Authors: SCHULMAN-GREEN DENA , McCORKLE RUTH , CURRY LESLIE , CHERLIN EMILY , JOHNSON-HURZELER R. , BRADLEY ELIZABETH 
Published: July 2005

Objective:Previous studies reveal that many terminally ill patients never receive hospice care. Among those who do receive hospice, many enroll very close to the time of death. Nationally, between 1992 and 1998, the median length of stay at hospice declined 27%, from 26 to 19 days. In our prior study of 206 patients diagnosed with terminal cancer and using hospice, we found that one-third enrolled with hospice within 1 week prior to death. Late hospice enrollment can have deleterious effects on patients and their family members. The aim of the present study was to characterize common experiences of patients and primary family caregivers as they transition to hospice, focusing on caregiver perceptions of factors that might contribute to delays in hospice enrollment.Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 12 caregivers selected from a population of primary family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer who enrolled with hospice in Connecticut between September 2000 and September 2001. Respondents represented different ages, genders, and kinship relationships with patients. Respondents were asked about the patient's care trajectory, how they first learned about hospice, and their experiences as they transitioned to hospice. NUD*IST software was used for qualitative data coding and analysis.Results:Constant comparative analysis identified three themes common to the experience of transitioning to hospice: (1) caregivers' acceptance of the impending death, (2) challenges in negotiating the health care system across the continuum of care, and (3) changing patient–family dynamics.Significance of results:Identification of these themes from the caregivers' perspective generates hypotheses about potential delays in hospice and may ultimately be useful in the design of interventions that are consistent with caregivers' needs.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Support Team
Assessment Schedule (STAS-J)
Authors: MIYASHITA MITSUNORI , MATOBA KAZUKO , SASAHARA TOMOYO , KIZAWA YOSHIYUKI , MARUGUCHI MISAE , ABE MAYUMI , KAWA MASAKO , SHIMA YASUO 
Published: July 2005

Objective: The aim of this project was to develop an
appropriate and valid instrument for assessment by medical professionals
in Japanese palliative care settings.Methods: We developed a Japanese version of the Support Team
Assessment Schedule (STAS-J), using a back translation method, and tested
its reliability and validity. In the reliability study, 16 nurses and a
physician who work in a palliative care unit evaluated 10 hypothetical
cases twice at 3-month intervals. For the validity study, external
researchers interviewed 50 patients with matignancy and their families and
compared the results with ratings by the nurses in the palliative care
unit.Results: Our results with hypothetical cases were: interrater
reliability weighted κ = 0.53–0.77 and intrarater reliability
weighted κ = 0.64–0.85. In the validity study comparing nurse
evaluations and the results of interviews with patients and families,
complete agreement was 36–70%, and close agreement (±1) was
74–100%. As a whole, weighted κ were low: between −0.07
and 0.51. Our results were similar to those in the United Kingdom and
Canada.Significance of results: Although this research was conducted
under methodologically limited conditions, we concluded that the STAS-J is
a reliable tool and its validity is acceptable. The STAS-J should become a
valuable tool, not only for daily clinical use, but also for research.
Parents dying of cancer and their children
Authors: BEALE ESTELA A. , SIVESIND DEBRA , BRUERA EDUARDO 
Published: July 2005

Objective: We reviewed our experience with 28 consecutive
children referred for assessment and intervention. These were the children
of patients with terminal cancer referred to the Palliative Care and
Symptom Control Service. In all cases the dying parent was a biological
parent.Methods: Eleven parameters were assessed in each of 29
children and their incidence was calculated. The children and their
parents were seen in a semistructured interview, together as well as
separately. The parameters were: seeking reassurance (82), becoming a
caretaker (79), inability to separate from parent (79), anger about
feeling abandoned (68), despair (57), guilt (54), discipline problems,
aggressive behavior (46), denial (39), blame of others (21), and fear for
the child's own health (18).Results: Our results suggest that children with dying parents
manifest significant distress as well as a greater understanding of their
parent's illness than is usually suspected.Significance of results: Timely intervention by a child
psychiatrist or other mental health professional with proven competence in
working with children can help children to better cope with the death and
dying of their parent and ameliorate the process of bereavement following
the parent's death.Because of our small sample, we cannot generalize about all of the
findings. Further research is required to characterize the level of
distress in the children and the long-term impact in their overall
adjustment to life.
Correction to “Optimal factorization of Muckenhoupt weights”
Authors: Korey Michael 
Published: July 2005

Peter Jones’ theorem on the factorization of

A
p

A_p

weights is sharpened for weights with bounds near

1
1

, allowing the factorization to be performed continuously near the limiting, unweighted case. When

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

and

w
w

is an

A
p

A_p

weight with bound

A
p

(
w
)
=
1
+
ε

A_p(w)=1+\varepsilon

, it is shown that there exist

A
1

A_1

weights

u
,
v

u,v

such that both the formula

w
=
u

v

1
−
p

w=uv^{1-p}

and the estimates

A
1

(
u
)
,

A
1

(
v
)
=
1
+

O

(

ε

)

A_1(u), A_1(v)=1+\mathcal O(\sqrt \varepsilon )

hold. The square root in these estimates is also proven to be the correct asymptotic power as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon \to 0

.
Poor taxon sampling, poor character sampling, and non‐repeatable analyses of a contrived dataset do not provide a more credible estimate of insect phylogeny: a reply to Kjer
Authors: Ogden T. Heath , Whiting Michael F. , Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe wealth of data available for phylogenetic analysis of the insect orders, from both morphological and molecular sources, is steadily increasing. However, controversy exists among the methodologies one can use to reconstruct ordinal relationships. Recently, Kjer (2004) presented an analysis of insect ordinal relationships based exclusively on a single source of information: 18S rDNA sequence data. Kjer claims that his analysis resulted in a more “credible” phylogeny for the insect orders and strongly criticized our previous phylogenetic results. However, Kjer only used a subset of the data that are currently available for insect ordinal phylogeny, misrepresented our analyses, and omitted other analyses we have published on insect ordinal phylogeny. In our estimation, Kjer did a poor job of representing the current state of affairs in insect ordinal phylogenetics. Furthermore, we examine a number of analytical issues that are relevant not only for insect phylogeny, but systematics as a science, such as: repeatability and objectivity, locating alignment boundaries, secondary structure, goodness of fit measure, epistemological coherence, practicality and homology.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
Social workers in multidisciplinary teams: issues and dilemmas for professional practice
Authors: Frost Nick , Robinson Mark , Anning Angela 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on the findings of a project, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK, examining how child and family multidisciplinary teams learn and work together. It outlines the approach taken by the research team before going on to explore New Labour policy around ‘joined‐up thinking’. The paper focuses on the role of social workers in the teams and uses qualitative data to explore the experience of social workers in relation to four key issues: models of professional practice, status and power, confidentiality and information sharing, and relations with external agencies. We argue that these are complex and contested issues that are challenging for the workers concerned. We conclude that whilst joined‐up working is complex and demanding, social work is well situated to meet the challenge, and that social workers in multidisciplinary teams are committed to making them work.
Communicating misunderstandings: multi‐agency work as social practice
Authors: White Sue , Featherstone Brid 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper reflects on the findings of an ethnographic study of interprofessional communication and social relations in an integrated child health service, during and after the relocation of different parts of the service to a single site. In the context of the governmental emphasis on restructuring services in order to facilitate better communication between different disciplines, its findings are of considerable pertinence. The study found that co‐location did not straightforwardly lead to better communication. This paper urges that greater attention be paid to the kinds of professional narratives that maintain ritualized ways of working and reinforce professional boundaries. It urges the creation of conditions where everyday practices are open to scrutiny and challenge, and aligns itself with those who call for the development of a ‘communication mindset’ among professionals.
The influence of model type and incubation time on the estimation of stable organic carbon in organic materials
Authors: Sleutel S. , De Neve S. , Prat Roibás M. R. , Hofman G. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThere is a renewed interest in the stability and turnover of organic carbon (C) in organic materials added to soil, partly driven by concerns about global changes. We used mineralization data from laboratory incubations to determine the amount of stable organic C present. Four organic wastes were incubated with soil under controlled conditions and C mineralization was monitored, and four additional C mineralization experiments were selected from the literature. All data were rescaled to a common temperature, and we fitted five different models with biological significance to the C mineralization data, namely a first‐order model (M1), a parallel first‐order model (M11), a parallel first‐zero‐order model (M10), a second‐order model (M2) and a Monod kinetic model (Monod). All models could describe the mineralization data satisfactorily. However, this does not automatically imply that the individual parameter values are realistic estimates of the underlying biological processes. All models were then fitted for progressively shorter incubation times and were used to extrapolate C mineralization to predict the amount of (measured) stable organic C. The M11 and Monod models performed best in estimating stable organic C, but they did not fit the short‐term incubation data (< 100 days) for some materials. The M2 model allowed stable organic C to be estimated within less than 3% of the true value for all materials based on an incubation time of less than 60 days. The M1 and M10 models systematically and strongly under‐ or overestimated stable organic C as the incubation time was shortened, and should not be used for extrapolation from short‐term data.
Soil organic matter distribution and microaggregate characteristics as affected by agricultural management and earthworm activity
Authors: Pulleman M. M. , Six J. , Van Breemen N. , Jongmans A. G. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryStable microaggregates can physically protect occluded soil organic matter (SOM) against decomposition. We studied the effects of agricultural management on the amount and characteristics of microaggregates and on SOM distribution in a marine loam soil in the Netherlands. Three long‐term farming systems were compared: a permanent pasture, a conventional‐arable system and an organic‐arable system. Whole soil samples were separated into microaggregates (53–250 µm), 20–53 µm and < 20 µm organo‐mineral fractions, sand and particulate organic matter, after complete disruption of macroaggregates. Equal amounts of microaggregates were isolated, irrespective of management. However, microaggregates from the pasture contained a larger fraction of total soil organic C and were more stable than microaggregates from the two arable fields, suggesting greater SOM stabilization in microaggregates under pasture. Moreover, differences in the relative contribution of coarse silt (> 20 µm) versus fine mineral particles in the microaggregates of the different management systems demonstrate that different types of microaggregates were isolated. These results, in combination with micromorphological study of thin sections, indicate that the great earthworm activity under permanent pasture is an important factor explaining the presence of very stable microaggregates that are relatively enriched in organic C and fine mineral particles. Despite a distinctly greater total SOM content and earthworm activity in the organic‐ versus the conventional‐arable system, differences in microaggregate characteristics between both arable systems were small. The formation of stable and strongly organic C‐enriched microaggregates seems much less effective under arable conditions than under pasture. This might be related to differences in earthworm species' composition, SOM characteristics and/or mechanical disturbance between pasture and arable land.