bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARAPÇA İLE TÜRKÇENİN YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRETİMİNİN KÜLTÜR AKTARIMI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI (C1 ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: AL-SHARABI Tawfik Abdo Taher , YEŞİL Yılmaz 
Published: December 2023

Türkçe ile Arapçanın yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde hedef yalnızca dil kurallarının, dil sisteminin öğretilmesi değildir. Aynı zamanda kültürel ögelerin aktarımı yapılarak Türk ve Arap kültürlerin tanıtılması da amaçlanmaktadır. Kültürel ögelerin aktarımı Arapça ile Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde temele alınması gereken en önemli ilke niteliğindedir. Aynı zamanda kültür aktarımında bir dengenin olması gerektiği de söylenmelidir. Bu dengenin oluşabilmesi, dilin öğretileceği hedef kitlenin kültürünün de tanınması hatta öğretilen dilin kültürüne de yer verilmesi anlamına gelmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, Arapçanın yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde kullanılan ders kitabı (El-Arabiyye Beyne Yedeyk) ve Türkçe (İstanbul Yabancılar İçin Türkçe Ders Kitabı) öğretim ders kitapları C1 seviyesinin kültür aktarımı bağlamında karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Yani Türkçe bilmeyen öğrenciler için ve Arapça bilmeyen öğrenciler için hazırlanan öğretim ders kitapların C1 (İleri düzey) Özerklik seviyesi ile sınırlıdır. Ayrıca kitaplar kişiler arası ilişkiler doğrultusunda belirlenen ögelere (Günlük yaşam, kişiler arası ilişkiler, değerler, inançlar ve davranışlar, toplumsal gelenekler ve gelenekselleşmiş davranışlar) göre incelenmektedir.
Arapça ve Türkçe öğretimi C1 seviyesi incelenip değerlendirilirken materyal olarak “İstanbul Yabancılar İçin Türkçe ders kitabı C1” ve “El-Arabiyyetü Beyne Yedeyk” Arapça ders kitapları kullanılmaktadır. Yabancı dil öğretim ders kitapları hazırlanırken, dilin oluştuğu kültürün unsurlarına da yer vermek gerekmektedir. Baktığımızda yabancı dil öğretiminde en önemli basamaklardan biri öğrenilen dilin kültürünü de öğrenmektir. Çalışmada, belirlenen kitapları C1 seviyesi hem Türkçe hem de Arapça öğretim ders kitabında kişiler arası ilişkilerin alt ögelerini oluşturan günlük yaşam, kişiler arası ilişkiler, değerler ve davranışlar, toplumsal gelenekler ve gelenekselleşmiş davranışlar bakımından incelemesi yapılmaktadır. Bunun için yabancılara dil öğretimi amacıyla yazılmış kitapların o dile ait kültür unsurlarının tanıtıldığı metinlerle donatılması kültürün aktarıcısı olan dilin daha iyi öğretilmesi ve anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır.
HDAC1-3 inhibition increases SARS-CoV-2 replication and productive infection in lung mesothelial and epithelial cells
Authors: Trionfetti Flavia , Alonzi Tonino , Bontempi Giulio , Terri Michela , Battistelli Cecilia , Montaldo Claudia , Repele Federica , Rotili Dante , Valente Sergio , Zwergel Clemens , Matusali Giulia , Maggi Fabrizio , Goletti Delia , Tripodi Marco , Mai Antonello , Strippoli Raffaele 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDespite the significant progress achieved in understanding the pathology and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, still pathogenic and clinical issues need to be clarified. Treatment with modulators of epigenetic targets, i.e., epidrugs, is a current therapeutic option in several cancers and could represent an approach in the therapy of viral diseases.ResultsAim of this study was the analysis of the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection of mesothelial cells (MCs).MeT5A cells, a pleura MC line, were pre-treated with different specific class I and IIb HDAC inhibitors. Unexpectedly, treatment with HDAC1-3 inhibitors significantly increased ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression, suggesting a role in favoring SARS-CoV-2 infection. We focused our analysis on the most potent ACE2/TMPRSS2 inducer among the inhibitors analysed, MS-275, a HDAC1-3 inhibitor. ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression was validated by Western Blot (WB) and immunofluorescence. The involvement of HDAC inhibition in receptor induction was confirmed by HDAC1/HDAC2 silencing. In accordance to the ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression data, MS-275 increased SARS-CoV-2 replication and virus propagation in Vero E6 cells.Notably, MS-275 was able to increase ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 production, although to a lesser extent, also in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line Calu-3 cells.Mechanistically, treatment with MS-275 increased H3 and H4 histone acetylation at ACE2/TMPRSS2 promoters, increasing their transcription.ConclusionThis study highlights a previously unrecognized effect of HDAC1-3 inhibition in increasing SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, replication and productive infection correlating with increased expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. These data, while adding basic insight into COVID-19 pathogenesis, warn for the use of HDAC inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Rheumatoid arthritis and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a bidirectional and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Haifan , Chen Zhihao , Dang Xiaoqian , Wang Haoyu 
Published: December 2023

Aims/hypothesis: The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported by many observational studies in the Asian population. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional causal effects between GERD and RA by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using genetic evidence.Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to determine the causal effect of GERD (129,080 cases vs. 602,604 control participants) on RA (6,236 cases vs. 147,221 control participants) and RA on GERD, respectively. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Weighted median and MR-Egger regression were taken as supplementary analyses. Cochran’s Q test evaluated the heterogeneity. Horizontal pleiotropy was detected by estimating the intercept term of MR-Egger regression. Furthermore, multivariable MR analyses were performed to exclude the influence of confounding factors, including the years of schooling, BMI, and time spent watching television, between GERD and RA.Result: Both univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) provided valid evidence that RA was causally and positively influenced by GERD (UVMR: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.25–1.76, p = 6.18*10−6; MVMR: OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24–2.31, p = 8.62*10−4), whereas GERD was not influenced by RA (UVMR: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06, p = 0.042; MVMR: OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.07, p = 0.0271).Conclusion: Our comprehensive bidirectional MR analysis found that for the European population, GERD can induce the occurrence of RA (OR = 1.69, p &lt; 0.00125), whereas RA only has no significant influence on GERD. In particular, patients with GERD are suffering a 69% increased risk of RA occurrence, which means GERD is a substantial risk factor for RA.
MicroRNA breed and parent-of-origin effects provide insights into biological pathways differentiating cattle subspecies in fetal liver
Authors: MacPhillamy Callum , Ren Yan , Chen Tong , Hiendleder Stefan , Low Wai Yee 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during key developmental processes, including fetal development. Brahman (Bos taurus indicus) and Angus (Bos taurus taurus) cattle breeds represent two major cattle subspecies with strikingly different phenotypes.Methods: We analyzed miRNA expression in liver samples of purebred and reciprocal crosses of Angus and Brahman to investigate breed and parent-of-origin effects at the onset of accelerated fetal growth.Results: We identified eight novel miRNAs in fetal liver samples and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between purebred samples. Correlation of gene expression modules and miRNAs by breed and parent-of-origin effects revealed an enrichment of genes associated with breed-specific differences in traits such as heat tolerance (Brahman) and fat deposition (Angus). We demonstrate that genes predicted to be targets of DEMs were more likely to be differentially expressed than non-targets (p-value &lt; 0.05). We identified several miRNAs (bta-miR-187, bta-miR-216b, bta-miR-2284c, bta-miR-2285c, bta-miR-2285cp, bta-miR-2419-3p, bta-miR-2419-5p, and bta-miR-11984) that showed similar correlation patterns as bta-miR-2355-3p, which has been associated with the glutamatergic synapse pathway, a key facilitator of heat tolerance. Furthermore, we report Angus-breed-specific miRNAs (bta-miR-2313-5p, btamiR-490, bta-miR-2316, and bta-miR-11990) that may be involved in fat deposition. Finally, we showed that the DEMs identified in fetal liver are involved in Rap1, MAPK, and Ras signalling pathways, which are important for fetal development, muscle development and metabolic traits such as fat metabolism.Conclusion: Our work sheds light on the miRNA expression patterns that contribute to gene expression differences driving phenotypic differences in indicine and taurine cattle.
Taming the SARS-CoV-2-mediated proinflammatory response with BromAc®
Authors: Ferreira Geovane Marques , Clarindo Felipe Alves , Ribeiro Ágata Lopes , Gomes-de-Pontes Letícia , de Carvalho Luciana Debortoli , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , da Fonseca Flávio Guimarães , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Sabino Adriano de Paula , Eapen Mathew Suji , Morris David L. , Valle Sarah J. , Coelho-dos-Reis Jordana Grazziela Alves 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionIn the present study, the impact of BromAc®, a specific combination of bromelain and acetylcysteine, on the SARS-CoV-2-specific inflammatory response was evaluated.MethodsAn in vitro stimulation system was standardized using blood samples from 9 healthy donors, luminex assays and flow cytometry were performed. Results and discussionBromAc® demonstrated robust anti-inflammatory activity in human peripheral blood cells upon SARS-CoV-2 viral stimuli, reducing the cytokine storm, composed of chemokines, growth factors, and proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines produced after short-term in vitro culture with the inactivated virus (iSARS-CoV-2). A combined reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by SARS-CoV-2, in addition to steady-state levels of platelet recruitment-associated growth factor-PDGFbb, was observed, indicating that BromAc® may be important to reduce thromboembolism in COVID-19. The immunophenotypic analysis of the impact of BromAc® on leukocytes upon viral stimuli showed that BromAc® was able to downmodulate the populations of CD16+ neutrophils and CD14+ monocytes observed after stimulation with iSARS-CoV-2. Conversely, BromAc® treatment increased steady-state HLA-DR expression in CD14+ monocytes and preserved this activation marker in this subset upon iSARS-CoV-2 stimuli, indicating improved monocyte activation upon BromAc® treatment. Additionally, BromAc® downmodulated the iSARS-CoV-2-induced production of TNF-a by the CD19+ B-cells. System biology approaches, utilizing comprehensive correlation matrices and networks, showed distinct patterns of connectivity in groups treated with BromAc®, suggesting loss of connections promoted by the compound and by iSARS-CoV-2 stimuli. Negative correlations amongst proinflammatory axis and other soluble and cellular factors were observed in the iSARS-CoV-2 group treated with BromAc® as compared to the untreated group, demonstrating that BromAc® disengages proinflammatory responses and their interactions with other soluble factors and the axis orchestrated by SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionThese results give new insights into the mechanisms for the robust anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc® in the steady state and SARS-CoV-2-specific immune leukocyte responses, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
Predictors of outcomes in geriatric patients with moderate traumatic brain injury after ground level falls
Authors: Forssten Sebastian Peter , Ahl Hulme Rebecka , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Ribeiro Marcelo A. F. , Sarani Babak , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe elderly population constitutes one of the fastest-growing demographic groups globally. Within this population, mild to moderate traumatic brain injuries (TBI) resulting from ground level falls (GLFs) are prevalent and pose significant challenges. Between 50 and 80% of TBIs in older individuals are due to GLFs. These incidents result in more severe outcomes and extended recovery periods for the elderly, even when controlling for injury severity. Given the increasing incidence of such injuries it becomes essential to identify the key factors that predict complications and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to pinpoint the top predictors of complications and in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients who have experienced a moderate TBI following a GLF.MethodsData were obtained from the American College of Surgeons’ Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. A moderate TBI was defined as a head AIS ≤ 3 with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 9–13, and an AIS ≤ 2 in all other body regions. Potential predictors of complications and in-hospital mortality were included in a logistic regression model and ranked using the permutation importance method.ResultsA total of 7,489 patients with a moderate TBI were included in the final analyses. 6.5% suffered a complication and 6.2% died prior to discharge. The top five predictors of complications were the need for neurosurgical intervention, the Revised Cardiac Risk Index, coagulopathy, the spine abbreviated injury severity scale (AIS), and the injury severity score. The top five predictors of mortality were head AIS, age, GCS on admission, the need for neurosurgical intervention, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionWhen predicting both complications and in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients who have suffered a moderate traumatic brain injury after a ground level fall, the most important factors to consider are the need for neurosurgical intervention, cardiac risk, and measures of injury severity. This may allow for better identification of at-risk patients, and at the same time resulting in a more equitable allocation of resources.
ChatGPT’s performance in German OB/GYN exams – paving the way for AI-enhanced medical education and clinical practice
Authors: Riedel Maximilian , Kaefinger Katharina , Stuehrenberg Antonia , Ritter Viktoria , Amann Niklas , Graf Anna , Recker Florian , Klein Evelyn , Kiechle Marion , Riedel Fabian , Meyer Bastian 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundChat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is an artificial learning and large language model tool developed by OpenAI in 2022. It utilizes deep learning algorithms to process natural language and generate responses, which renders it suitable for conversational interfaces. ChatGPT’s potential to transform medical education and clinical practice is currently being explored, but its capabilities and limitations in this domain remain incompletely investigated. The present study aimed to assess ChatGPT’s performance in medical knowledge competency for problem assessment in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN).MethodsTwo datasets were established for analysis: questions (1) from OB/GYN course exams at a German university hospital and (2) from the German medical state licensing exams. In order to assess ChatGPT’s performance, questions were entered into the chat interface, and responses were documented. A quantitative analysis compared ChatGPT’s accuracy with that of medical students for different levels of difficulty and types of questions. Additionally, a qualitative analysis assessed the quality of ChatGPT’s responses regarding ease of understanding, conciseness, accuracy, completeness, and relevance. Non-obvious insights generated by ChatGPT were evaluated, and a density index of insights was established in order to quantify the tool’s ability to provide students with relevant and concise medical knowledge.ResultsChatGPT demonstrated consistent and comparable performance across both datasets. It provided correct responses at a rate comparable with that of medical students, thereby indicating its ability to handle a diverse spectrum of questions ranging from general knowledge to complex clinical case presentations. The tool’s accuracy was partly affected by question difficulty in the medical state exam dataset. Our qualitative assessment revealed that ChatGPT provided mostly accurate, complete, and relevant answers. ChatGPT additionally provided many non-obvious insights, especially in correctly answered questions, which indicates its potential for enhancing autonomous medical learning.ConclusionChatGPT has promise as a supplementary tool in medical education and clinical practice. Its ability to provide accurate and insightful responses showcases its adaptability to complex clinical scenarios. As AI technologies continue to evolve, ChatGPT and similar tools may contribute to more efficient and personalized learning experiences and assistance for health care providers.
Association between gut microbiota, microbial network, and immunity in pregnancy with a focus on specific bacterial clusters
Authors: Yan Hao , Liang Xinyuan , Luo Huijuan , Tang Xiaomei , Xiao Xiaomin 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe community characteristics of the gut microbiota are not well defined and are not as widely studied as the functions of individual bacteria. This study aims to investigate the community composition of intestinal flora in women of childbearing age by conducting cluster analysis of gut microbiota and analyzing the relationship between different clusters and immune status.MethodsA total of 45 women of childbearing age were recruited in the study, including 15 non-pregnant women and 30 women in late pregnancy, and stool samples were collected twice during the third trimester, specifically at 32 weeks and at full term. The gut microbiota data was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Partitioning Around Medoids algorithm was employed to assess microbial clustering patterns. Microbial network for each cluster was performed and plasm cytokines were measured to analyze the relationship between specific genera and immune state in clusters.ResultsThere were three distinct clusters of intestinal community composition in women of childbearing age. Cluster 1 (PAM_1) was characterized by a high abundance of Bacteroides, while cluster 2 (PAM_2) showed higher levels of Bifidobacterium and Blautia, along with a significantly increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Cluster 3 (PAM_3) displayed a high abundance of Escherichia-shigella. PAM_1 was the most dominant cluster in non-pregnant women, and this dominant cluster was also one of the main in late pregnancy. At full term, the majority of subjects retained the same cluster as at 32 weeks, while a few experienced a shift. The microbial correlation networks differed across the three clusters, with PAM_1 exhibiting higher modularity and fewer connections. Analysis of the correlation between genera and plasma cytokines showed significant differences in their associations with cytokines between pregnancy and nonpregnancy within the same cluster, and the same genera had different effects in different clusters.ConclusionWomen of childbearing age exhibit three distribution patterns of gut microbiota, and the intestinal clusters reshaped during late pregnancy in a small population. Different clusters may have diverse immunomodulatory effects in different physiological states. When studying the gut microbiome during pregnancy, it is crucial to consider the cluster differences within healthy women.
Screening practices, efficacy, safety and adherence to biologic therapies in a South African tertiary hospital
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Awad Eltoum , Scott Christiaan , Gcelu Ayanda , Steffen Jonel , Isaacs Thuraya , Hodkinson Bridget 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe high cost and concern of adverse events, particularly infections, limit the use of biologic therapies. We undertook this retrospective study to document their use for immune-mediated diseases, and explore the screening practices, efficacy, safety, and adherence to bDMARDs in a tertiary hospital.MethodsA folder review of all adult and paediatric patients treated for IMDs with bDMARDs. Changes in disease activity were measured by disease-specific tools at 6, 12, 24-months and at the last available visit, and patient adherence to bDMARDs was explored by folder and pharmacy record review.ResultsWe studied 120 folders; 145 bDMARDs were prescribed (23 patients switched bDMARD). BDMARDs prescribed included tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) (76), rituximab (54), tocilizumab (9), anakinra (3), abatacept (1), ustekinumab (1) and tofacitinib (1). The vast majority of patients had an excellent response and achieved low disease activity or remission at their last available visit. Adverse events included severe infection (9) including two cases of tuberculosis (TB), mild skin reaction (6) and severe infusion reactions (4). Therapy was discontinued in 13 patients, most commonly due to infection (5), lack of response (4), or poor adherence (3). Poor adherence was noted in 8/120 (6.7%). Complete latent TB infection screening was performed in only 35 patients (29.2%). Screening for Hepatitis B, C and HIV was performed in 28 (23.3%), 62 (51.7%) and 61 (50.8%) patients, respectively. Only 20.8% and 20.0% received the influenza and pneumococcal vaccination.Discussion and conclusionBiologic therapy was effective, and the most important serious adverse effect was infection, which was significantly associated with TNFi therapy. Vaccination and screening for TB, viral hepatitis and HIV was suboptimal. Of concern, poor adherence to bDMARDs was frequently encountered.
Long-term efficacy of hydrotherapy on balance function in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Zicai , Huang Miao , Liao Ya , Xie Xiuying , Zhu Pingan , Liu Yangyou , Tan Cheng 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundHydrotherapy can improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the long-term effects of hydrotherapy on PD are still unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic evaluation and meta-analysis was to explore the long-term effects of hydrotherapy on balance function in PD patients.MethodsA systematic search of five databases was conducted to identify appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general characteristics and outcome data (balance, exercise, mobility, quality of life, etc.) of the included studies were extracted, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Finally, the outcome data were integrated for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 149 articles were screened, and 5 high-quality RCTs involving 135 PD patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed positive long-term effects of hydrotherapy on balance function compared to the control group (SMD = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.21, 1.17; p = 0.005; I2 = 44%), However, there were no significant long-term effects of hydrotherapy on motor function (SMD = 0.06; 95% CI = −0.33, 0.44; p = 0.77; I2 = 0%), mobility and quality of life (SMD = −0.21; 95% CI = −0.98, 0.57; p = 0.6; I2 = 71%). Interestingly, the results of the sensitivity analysis performed on mobility showed a clear continuation effect of hydrotherapy on mobility compared to the control group (SMD = −0.80; 95% CI = −1.23, −0.37; p &lt; 0.001; I2 = 0%).ConclusionThe long-term effects of hydrotherapy on PD patients mainly focus on balance function, and the continuous effects on motor function, mobility, and quality of life are not obvious.