bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of x‐ray imaging and radiation safety
Authors: Bashore Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA basic understanding of the means by which images are acquired and processed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory should be a fundamental part of every cardiology training program. This review outlines the entire X‐ray system step‐by‐step by following the flow of energy from the generator to the monitor display. In addition, an overview of the major issues in radiation safety are discussed in simple terms focusing on both occupational and patient exposure, and the ways to minimize radiation dosage. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:126–135. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
StressDB: A locally installable web‐based relational microarray database designed for small user communities
Authors: Mitra Madhusmita , Shah Nigam , Mueller Lukas , Pin Scuth , Fedoroff Nina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have built a microarray database, StressDB, for management of microarray data from our studies on stress‐modulated genes in Arabidopsis. StressDB provides small user groups with a locally installable web‐based relational microarray database. It has a simple and intuitive architecture and has been designed for cDNA microarray technology users. StressDB uses Windows™ 2000 as the centralized database server with Oracle™ 8i as the relational database management system. It allows users to manage microarray data and data‐related biological information over the Internet using a web browser. The source‐code is currently available on request from the authors and will soon be made freely available for downloading from our website at http://arastressdb.cac.psu.edu. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contractility of single human dermal myofibroblasts and fibroblasts
Authors: Wrobel Louise K. , Fray Tim R. , Molloy Justin E. , Adams Julian J. , Armitage Mark P. , Sparrow John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman dermal myofibroblasts, characterised by the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, are part of the granulation tissue and implicated in the generation of contractile forces during normal wound healing and pathological contractures. We have compared the contractile properties of single human dermal fibroblasts and human dermal myofibroblasts by culturing them on flexible silicone elastomers. The flexibility of the silicone substratum permits the contractile forces exerted by the cells to be measured [Fray et al., 1998: Tissue Eng. 4:273–283], without changing their expression of α‐smooth muscle actin. The mean contractile force produced by myofibroblasts (2.2 μN per cell) was not significantly different from that generated by fibroblasts (2.0 μN per cell) when cultured on a substrata with a low elastomer stiffness. Forces produced by fibroblasts were unaffected by increases in elastomer stiffness, but forces measured for myofibroblasts increased to a mean value of 4.1 μN/cell. This was associated with a higher proportion of myofibroblasts being able to produce wrinkles on elastomers of high stiffness compared to fibroblasts. We discuss the force measurements at the single cell level, for both fibroblast and myofibroblasts, in relation to the proposed role of myofibroblasts in wound healing and pathological contractures. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:82–90, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
250 MHz crossed‐loop resonator for pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Rinard George A. , Quine Richard W. , Eaton Gareth R. , Eaton Sandra S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe crossed‐loop resonator (CLR) uses two orthogonal lumped‐element resonators [one to excite the spins and one to detect the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)] to isolate the signal from the microwave source. It eliminates the need for a circulator. The high isolation provided by the CLR reduces the energy stored in the resonator that detects the signal, thereby reducing the intensity of the resonator ring down after the pulse, which decreases the instrument dead time. Overcoupling and synchronous switching of the Q's of the two resonators between high and low states were used to further reduce dead time and maximize the EPR signal following a pulse. Each section of a 250 MHz resonator that accommodates 1 inch diameter samples had a critically coupled Q of 950 when Q‐switching was not installed. With Q‐switching, free induction decays and electron spin echoes for 0.2 mM aqueous solutions of triarylmethyl radicals were obtained with dead times of a few hundred nanoseconds. Typically 50–60 dB isolation was achieved with various samples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 37–46, 2002.
Clinical significance of plasma endostatin in acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lai Raymond , Estey Elihu , Shen Yu , Despa Simona , Kantarjian Hagop , Beran Miloslav , Maushouri Taghi , Quackenbuch Robert C. , Keating Micheal , Albitar Maher 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndostatin, a C‐terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor. While endostatin is being investigated for its usefulness in treating solid tumors, its significance in hematologic malignancies is unknown.METHODSThe authors evaluated plasma endostatin (PE) levels using an enzyme linked immunoassay in 71 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 43 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and correlated PE with various clinical parameters.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the median PE level between AML/MDS patients and the normal controls. Nevertheless, patients who achieved complete remission (CR) had a significantly lower median PE level compared to those who did not. In multivariate analysis, PE was found to be a significant (P = 0.03) predictor of overall survival (OS) with adjustment of the other baseline covariates, including patient age, history of antecedent hematologic disorders, and the use of protective environments. The prognostic value of PE was also evaluated by dividing MDS/AML patients into high and low PE groups using the median PE level of normal controls as the cut‐off. The authors found that patients in the high PE group survived for a significantly shorter time than those patients in the low PE group.CONCLUSIONSPE is a useful prognostic predictor of CR and OS for AML/MDS patients. The mechanism underlying the association between high PE and poor clinical outcome is unclear, although it may be related to the possible PE reflection of tumor burden. Cancer 2002;94:14–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Factors predicting response and survival in 149 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated by combination cisplatin, interferon‐alpha, doxorubicin and 5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy
Authors: Leung Thomas W. T. , Tang Amanda M. Y. , Zee Benny , Yu Simon C. H. , Lai Paul B. S. , Lau Wan Yee , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to identify patient and disease related factors that influence response and survival for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received a systemic combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, alpha‐interferon, doxorubicin, and 5‐fluorouracil (PIAF).METHODSFrom July 1996 to February 1999, 149 patients with unresectable HCC were treated with PIAF: cisplatin (20mg/m2 intravenously, Days 1–4), doxorubicin (40mg/m2 intravenously, Day 1), 5‐fluorouracil (400mg/m2 intravenously, Days 1–4), and alpha‐interferon (5MU/m2 subcutaneously, Days 1–4), once every 3 weeks up to a maximum of six cycles. Univariate and multivariate analyses of patient and disease characteristics were used to identify factors predicting response and survival.RESULTSThe objective response rate according to conventional criteria was 16.8% (complete response in 3 out of 149 patients, or 2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0–4.3%; partial response in 22 out of 149 patients, or 14.8%, 95% CI 9–20%). The median survival time was 30.9 weeks (95% CI 22.1 to 40). Significant independent predictors of an objective response were: absence of cirrhosis (P = 0.006), low bilirubin level (P = 0.006), and positive hepatitis C serology (P = 0.025). The following factors were related to a shorter survival time: high Okuda stage (P = 0.001), vascular involvement (P = 0.018), and cirrhosis (P = 0.008). Good risk patients (absence of cirrhosis and total bilirubin ≤ 0.6mg/dL) had an objective response rate of 50%.CONCLUSIONSPatients with unresectable HCC who also have normal total bilirubin and non‐cirrhotic livers have a better chance of response and prolonged survival after treatment with systemic PIAF. Cancer 2002;94:421–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Phase II evaluation of docetaxel plus one‐day oral estramustine phosphate in the treatment of patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma
Authors: Sinibaldi Victoria J. , Carducci Michael A. , Moore‐Cooper Sandra , Laufer Menachem , Zahurak Marianna , Eisenberger Mario A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent clinical trials have shown antitumor activity with the combination of docetaxel plus estramustine phosphate (EMP) in the treatment of patients with androgen independent prostate carcinoma (AIPC). However, the most commonly employed treatment schedules with EMP have been associated with significant gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and thromboembolic toxicity. The authors hypothesized that the therapeutic index of the combination of docetaxel plus EMP for patients with prostate carcinoma could be enhanced by reducing the incidence and severity of EMP‐associated toxicity, which could be accomplished by shortening the duration of exposure to EMP. To preserve the therapeutic synergism between docetaxel and EMP, they designed a regimen employing higher doses of oral EMP administered on the day of the docetaxel infusion.METHODSFrom June 1, 1998 through September 28, 2000, 42 patients with AIPC were registered to receive docetaxel (70 mg/m2 intravenously over 1 hour) and EMP (280 mg orally every 6 hours × 5 doses) every 21 days, up to a maximum of 6 cycles. Dexamethasone was administered prior to docetaxel and coumadin 2 mg orally every day was taken during the study treatment period. Patient characteristics included a median age of 68 years, a median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1, a median prostate specific antigen (PSA) level at study entry of 110.5 ng/mL, and a median of 2 prior hormonal manipulations. Ten patients (25%) had received prior chemotherapy, and 14 patients (33%) had received prior palliative radiation therapy.RESULTSForty patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Eighteen patients (45%; 95% confidence interval, 29–62%) had a decline > 50% in PSA level that lasted > 4 weeks with a median time to PSA progression and a median duration of PSA response of approximately 4.0 months. Four of 20 patients (20%) had partial soft tissue responses. Ten of 17 symptomatic patients (59%) had improvement in pain. The median survival for all patients was 13.5 months. The most prominent Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were reversible myelosuppression and fatigue. Nausea, emesis, diarrhea, and peripheral edema were minimal. No thromboembolic or hepatic complications were seen.CONCLUSIONSDocetaxel plus 1 multidose day of oral EMP was active in patients with AIPC and was associated with an acceptable toxicity profile. Overall, the therapeutic index of this regimen compared favorably with regimens that employed a longer administration of EMP. Cancer 2002;94:1457–65. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10350
Multivariate analysis of survival, recurrence, progression and development of mestastasis in T1 and T2a transitional cell bladder carcinoma
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alonso Andrés , Pita‐Fernández Salvador , González‐Carreró Joaquín , Nogueira‐March José Luis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermination of prognosis factors associated with survival, recurrence, progression, and development of metastasis in T1 and T2a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is discussed.METHODSA study was conducted of a group of 210 patients with primary bladder TCC at classification T1 (n = 175) and T2aN0M0 (n = 35). A total of 177 variables were studied in each patient. The monoclonal antibodies used were the following: DO7 (p53) and MIB‐1 (Ki‐67). Prognosis was obtained using Kaplan–Meier methodology and Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSThe average follow‐up period was 6.7 years. Cancer‐related survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 82.96% and 74.78%, respectively. The independent survival variables were the following: age and expression of p53. Recurrence free survival at 5 and 10 years stood at 51.80% and 42.71%, respectively. The independent recurrence variables were T2a classification, tumor multifocality, tumor size of greater than 3 cm, carcinoma in situ in random biopsy, and expression of Ki‐67. Progression free survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 75.31% and 69.16%, respectively. The independent progression variables were age, T2a classification, and expression of p53. Metastasis free survival rates at 5 and 10 years stood at 87.23% and 84.55%, respectively. The expression of p53 was the sole variable to provide an independent prediction of metastasis.CONCLUSIONSThe expression of p53 clearly has an independent effect on the prediction of survival, progression and development of metastasis, showing a dose–response effect. Tumor multifocality and T2a classification are the variables that best predict recurrence. Cancer 2002;94:1677–84. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10376
The clinical and diagnostic relevance of CD23 expression in the chronic lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: DiRaimondo Francesco , Albitar Maher , Huh Yang , O'Brien Susan , Montillo Marco , Tedeschi Alessandra , Kantarjian Hagop , Lerner Susan , Giustolisi Rosario , Keating Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCD23 antigen is a cell surface protein considered important in the differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from other lymphoid leukemias.METHODSTo better clarify CD23 role as a diagnostic tool, the authors retrospectively evaluated clinical and laboratory features of 372 patients who were referred to M.D. Anderson Cancer Center with a diagnosis of CLL or B‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease.RESULTSMost of the patients (91%) were CD19+/CD5+. Only 6% of these CD19+/CD5+ patients were CD23−. Overall, CD23− patients had the worse prognostic features compared with CD23+ cases, including anemia (P = 0.03), massive splenomegaly (P = 0.000), high lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.007), high β2‐microglobulin (P = 0.006), older age (P = 0.001), and male gender (P = 0.02). Surface immunoglobulin expression was moderate/strong in 19 (82%) patients, and FMC‐7 was positive in 22 (96%) patients. None of the 13 patients tested for CD10 expressed the antigen. Based on morphology, of the CD23, 16 (70%) were diagnosed with mantle cell leukemia (MCL) was diagnosed in 16 (70%) CD23− patients, 3 (13%) with splenic marginal‐zone leukemia, 3 (13%) with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) or PLL/CLL, and 1 (4%) with CLL. No cyclin D1 protein expression was noted by Western blot analysis in the one case that showed typical CLL morphology, and this patient did not require therapy. On the whole, the survival rate of CD23− patients was significantly worse than that of patients with CD23+. In contrast, 15 of 32 (49%) CD19+/CD5− patients were CD23−. CD23 negativity in this group was not associated with distinct clinical features or outcome. Eleven (73%) of these patients were classified as having splenic marginal‐zone lymphoma and 4 as having follicular lymphoma.CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate that CD23 negativity is rare in typical B‐cell CLL, and CD23 negativity in patients with CD19+/CD5+ is suggestive of mantle cell leukemia a more aggressive disease with poor response to conventional therapy in which newer chemotherapy regimens such as hyper‐CVAD may be more effective. Cancer 2002;94:1721–30. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10401
Ethnic differences in survival among women with ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Barnholtz‐Sloan Jill S. , Tainsky Michael A. , Abrams Judith , Severson Richard K. , Qureshi Faisal , Jacques Suzanne M. , Levin Nancy , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDOvarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death among all female reproductive malignancies. There are substantial differences in age‐adjusted incidence rates and survival rates between Caucasian women and African‐American women. The objective of this study was to examine ethnic differences in survival after ovarian carcinoma in a population‐based sample of women.METHODSThirteen thousand eighty‐three patients (12285 Caucasian women and 798 African‐American women) who were diagnosed with primary ovarian carcinoma from the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were used for analysis. Odds ratios were used to estimate the association between prognostic variables and ethnicity. Chi‐square tests were used to determine the statistical significance of these associations (using two‐sided P values). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess survival differences.RESULTSAfrican‐American women were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis, were more likely to be single, and were less likely to undergo site specific surgery compared with Caucasian women. In addition, the crude median survival for African‐American women was nearly 1 year less than for Caucasian women (22 months vs. 32 months, respectively; P < 0.0001). African‐American women were at a 30% increased risk of death from any cause when adjusting for all other prognostic variables that differed between the two ethnic groups.CONCLUSIONSAfrican‐American women who are diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma are at a significant increased risk of death from any cause compared with Caucasian women who are diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:1886–93. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10415
Site specific dependency of second primary cancer in early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Eiji , Shibuya Hitoshi , Yoshimura Ryo‐ichi , Miura Masahiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA study was conducted to determine the site specificity of second primary cancer (SPC) following early (Stage I and II) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCH) and its impact on prognosis.METHODSBetween 1956 and 1999, 1,639 early stage SCHs in 1,609 patients were treated by radiotherapy at the authors' institution. The risk of additional respiratory and upper digestive tract (RUDT) carcinoma and the treatment outcome were reviewed for each SCH site. Second primary RUDT carcinomas were the second most common cause of death (113 cases) after death from primary SCH carcinomas (350 cases).RESULTSAmong the 1,609 early stage SCH patients, 333 second primary cancers were documented in 258 patients, 235 (71%) of which were RUDT carcinomas. The risk of SPCs was 3.2% per year, and the risk of SPCs in the RUDT region was 2.3% per year. The risk of SPCs was almost two times higher in males (3.7% per year) than in females (2.2% per year). The highest risk of SPC was observed in the oro‐hypopharynx index cancer group (8.5% per year), and the lowest risks were observed in the epipharynx group (0% per year) and the maxillary sinus group (1.4% per year).CONCLUSIONSDifferent SPC risks according to the SCH site result in a different prognosis for each site of early stage SCH. Long‐term follow‐up care after the initial treatment for early SCH should be continued according to the site of the initial SCH. Cancer 2002;94:2007–14. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10444
Facing a prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Perczek Ruben E. , Burke Michael A. , Carver Charles S. , Krongrad Arnon , Terris Martha K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe psychological adaptation to a cancer diagnosis is characterized by significant distress. Although distress levels in cancer patients have been reported to be the highest shortly after diagnosis and before treatment, few attempts have been made to study emotional adjustment during the diagnostic period of prostate cancer patients. This study's purpose was to determine whether differences in distress levels can be attributed to differences in diagnostic status, optimism, and/or coping strategies.METHODSThis study followed patients across 4 weeks, from prebiopsy to 2 weeks postdiagnosis, using these two time points as measurements. Data were collected between 1995 and 1998 at the Miami and Palo Alto VA Medical Center urology clinics. Biopsies were performed on 101 men (ages 46–87) to determine whether prostate cancer was present. These men completed prebiopsy and postdiagnosis questionnaires.RESULTSOf optimism, coping, and cancer status, the only significant predictor of increased distress at postdiagnosis was dispositional avoidance at prebiopsy for both cancer and noncancer groups.CONCLUSIONSAlthough these findings complement other studies linking avoidance with increased distress, the similarities between the cancer and noncancer groups underscore the need to consider both of these groups during the first few weeks of the prostate cancer diagnostic process. Cancer 2002;94:2923–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10564
Complications from treatment for prostate carcinoma among men in the Detroit area
Authors: Schwartz Kendra , Bunner Scott , Bearer Ryan , Severson Richard K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAggressive treatment of early stage prostate carcinoma (PC) is limited primarily to two modalities: radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiation therapy (RT). The authors conducted a population‐based study of Detroit area men with localized PC to determine the outcome of bowel, urinary, and sexual function after aggressive treatment.METHODSMen with PC were identified through the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System, a member of the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Patients participated in interviews about their pretreatment bowel, urinary, and sexual function approximately 9 months after treatment. The same men were asked identical questions about their function an average of 2 years after treatment. Treatment outcomes were compared for men who underwent RP and men who received RT.RESULTSOf 501 men, 398 (79.4%) participated in both interviews, 304 of whom (76.4%) had localized PC and had been treated at least 1 year previously (median, 688 days). One hundred thirty men underwent RP, and 115 men received RT. The proportion of men in the RP group who reported an increase in incontinence symptoms was significant (53.8% compared with 19.2% in the RT group; P < 0.001). Men in the RT group reported increased loose stools between the pretreatment and post‐treatment interviews (5.2% vs. 29.6%; P < 0.001). Men in both the RT group and the RP group reported increases in impotence from 40% to > 75% (P < 0.001 for both). Men in the RT group were 3.6 times more likely to have bowel incontinence compared with men in the RP group (odds ratio [OR], 3.61; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.54–8.47). Urinary incontinence (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.52–5.44) and erection difficulty (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.35–11.70) were more likely among men in the RP group.CONCLUSIONSAlthough patients may have recalled their baseline function as better than it was, the current results are consistent with other population‐based studies of treatment outcomes among men with localized PC. They indicate that the side effects associated with treatment are greater than those based on case series. Physicians and patients should be aware of these population‐based outcomes and should use them as part of the decision‐making process regarding the treatment options for men with PC. Cancer 2002;95:82–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10650