bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling scales in process‐based soil organic carbon modeling including dynamic aggregation
Authors: Zech Simon , Prechtel Alexander , Ray Nadja 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCarbon storage and turnover in soils depend on the interplay of soil architecture, microbial activities, and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. For a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that drive these processes, not only the exploitation of advanced experimental techniques down to the nanoscale is necessary but also spatially explicit and dynamic image‐based modeling at the pore scale.AimWe present a modeling approach that is capable of transferring microscale information into macroscale simulations at the profile scale. This enables the prediction of future developments of carbon fluxes and the impact of changes in the environmental conditions linking scales.MethodWe consider a mathematical model for CO2 transport across soil profiles (macroscale), which is informed by a pore‐scale (microscale) model for C turnover. It allows for the dynamic, self‐organized re‐arrangement of solid building units, aggregates and particulate organic matter (POM) based on surface interactions, realized by a cellular automaton method, and explicitly takes spatial effects on POM turnover such as occlusion into account. We further include the macroscopic environmental conditions water saturation, POM content, and oxygen concentration.ResultsThe coupled simulations of macroscopic transport and pore‐scale carbon and aggregate turnover reveal the complex, nonlinear interplay of the underlying processes. Limitations by diffusive transport, oxygen availability, texture‐dependent occlusion and turnover of OM drive CO2 production and carbon storage.ConclusionsThis emphasizes the need for such micro–macro models exchanging information on different scales to investigate and quantify the effects of structural changes, variations in environmental conditions, or degradation processes on carbon turnover.
Effect of black wolfberry anthocyanin and maltitol on the gelation and microstructural properties of curdlan/gellan gum hybrid gels
Authors: Dai Meng‐Qi , Wang Xue‐Chen , Gao Ling‐Yi , Zhang Li‐Chao , Lai Bin , Wang Ce , Yan Jia‐Nan , Wu Hai‐Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLaboratory scale experiments have shown that curdlan and gellan gum gelled together as curdlan/gellan gum (CG) hybrid gels showed better gel properties than the individual curdlan and gellan gum. In this study, CG and black wolfberry anthocyanin (BWA), CG and maltitol (ML) hybrid gels were constructed using CG hybrid gel as matrix. The effects of BWA or ML on the gel properties and microstructure of CG hybrid gels were investigated and a confectionery gel was developed.RESULTSThe presence of BWA increased the storage modulus (G') value of CG at 0.1 Hz, whereas ML had little effect on the G' value of CG. The addition of BWA (5 g L−1) and ML (0.3 mol L−1) increased the melting and gelling temperatures of CG hybrid gels to 42.4 °C and 34.1 °C and 44.2 °C and 33.2 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the relaxation time T22 in CG‐ML and CG‐BWA hybrid gels was reduced to 91.96 and 410.27 ms, indicating the strong binding between BWA and CG, ML and CG. The hydrogen bond interaction between BWA or ML and CG was confirmed by the shift in the hydroxyl stretching vibration peak. Moreover, the microstructures of CG‐ML and CG‐BWA hybrid gels were denser than that of CG. In addition, confectionery gel containing CG‐BWA‐ML has good chewing properties.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the incorporation of BWA or ML could improve the structure of CG hybrid gels and assign a sustainability potential for the development of confectionery gels based on CG complex. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Administration of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharide attenuates cisplatin‐induced inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage in colon‐26 carcinoma tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Cai Bingna , Luo Lianxiang , Zhao Xiangtan , Chen Hua , Wan Peng , Huang Jingtong , Chen Deke , Pan Jianyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOur preliminary research revealed that the polysaccharide GP90 from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin, indicating that GP90 may increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity. However, it is still necessary to fully understand whether GP90 can also improve the intestinal barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammation induced by cisplatin.RESULTSGP90 has been demonstrated to inhibit the excessive release of nitirc oxide, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, GP90 effectively ameliorated the decrease in the serum CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell ratio induced by cisplatin and significantly reduced the increase in the inflammatory cytokines, CD4+Foxp3+, CD4+granzyme B+ and CD4+TNF‐α induced by cisplatin. Furthermore, when combined with cisplatin, GP90 increases the protein expression levels of mucin‐2 and zonula occludens‐1 in the mouse small intestine. Additionally, GP90 combined with cisplatin has a modulatory effect on the intestinal microbiota by elevating the Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes ratio and the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms (Lachnospiraceae bacterium), at the same time as reducing the abundance of cisplatin specific Bacteroides acidifaciens and elevating the content of butyric acid and isobutyric acid.CONCLUSIONCollectively, these findings indicate that GP90 potentially mitigates inflammation and protects the intestinal barrier in tumor‐bearing organisms undergoing chemotherapy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Myofibroblastic cancer‐associated fibroblast subtype heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kearney Joseph F. , Trembath Hannah E. , Chan Priscilla S. , Morrison Ashley B. , Xu Yi , Luan Chang Fei , McCabe Ian C. , Zarmer Sandra A. , Kim Hong Jin , Peng Xianlu L. , Yeh Jen Jen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a fibrotic stroma that has both tumor‐promoting and tumor‐restraining properties. Different types of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been described. Here, we investigated whether CAFs within the same subtype exhibit heterogeneous functions.MethodsWe evaluated the gene and protein expression differences in two myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF) lines using single‐cell and bulk RNA‐sequencing. We utilized proliferation and migration assays to determine the effect of different CAF lines on a tumor cell line.ResultsWe found that myCAF lines express an activated stroma subtype gene signature, which is associated with a shorter survival in patients. Although both myCAF lines expressed α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), platelet‐derived growth factor‐α (PDGFR‐α), fibroblast‐activated protein (FAP), and vimentin, we observed heterogeneity between the two lines. Similarly, despite being consistent with myCAF gene expression overall, heterogeneity within specific genes was observed. We found that these differences extended to the functional level where the two myCAF lines had different effects on the same tumor cell line. The myCAF216 line, which had slightly increased inflammatory CAF‐like gene expression and higher protein expression of α‐SMA, PDGFR‐α, and FAP was found to restrain migration of tumor cells.ConclusionsWe found that two myCAF lines with globally similar expression characteristics had different effects on the same tumor cell line, one promoting and the other restraining migration. Our study highlights that there may be unappreciated heterogeneity within CAF subtypes. Further investigation and attention to specific genes or proteins that may drive this heterogeneity will be important.
Topological Dissipative Photonics and Topological Insulator Lasers in Synthetic Time‐Frequency Dimensions
Authors: Dong Zhaohui , Chen Xianfeng , Dutt Avik , Yuan Luqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study of dissipative systems has attracted great attention, as dissipation engineering has become an important candidate toward manipulating light in classical and quantum ways. Here, the behavior of a topological system is theoretically investigated with purely dissipative couplings in a synthetic time‐frequency space. An imaginary bandstructure is shown, where eigen‐modes experience different eigen‐dissipation rates during the evolution of the system, resulting in mode competition between edge states and bulk modes. Numerical simulations show that distributions associated with edge states can dominate over bulk modes with stable amplification once the pump and saturation mechanisms are taken into consideration, which therefore points to a laser‐like behavior for edge states robust against disorders. This work provides a scheme for manipulating multiple degrees of freedom of light by dissipation engineering, and also proposes a great candidate for topological lasers with dissipative photonics.
Switchable Diffraction Pattern Based on Cascaded Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Xue , Li Tianhao , Zhou Hongqiang , Li Yao , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces have great advantages in the field of laser detection because of their ability to generate large amounts of point sources or various diffraction patterns. Here,cascaded metasurfaces (CM) for generating switchable spatial light distributions is utilized, which can be used for optical scanning and identifications. The light distribution is composed of several distinct diffraction patterns, and the scanning of the diffraction space is realized by multiple pixel‐scale alignment strategies between two pieces of CM. Through combining Dammann optimization and the gradient descent method, various diffraction patterns under different matching situations can be guaranteed by phase superposition. Various diffraction conditions with highly identifiable intensity distribution are guaranteed by using the optimization method. Such optical scanning devices based on CM have small footprints, high integration, flexible composition, and stable diffractive combination features. By manipulating CM to generate changeable spatial diffraction phenomenon may provide flexible modulation properties to optical scanning, measurement, and other applications.
Adbusting: How advertising altered by activists affects brands
Authors: Maier Erik , Mafael Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA subversive phenomenon is challenging advertisers and brand managers: adbusting, a form of activism that alters existing brand communication (e.g., a billboard ad) to promote social/political issues (e.g., pro‐environmental behavior) or denounces the targeted brand (e.g., its labor standards). We conceptualize the effect of adbusting on consumers and provide empirical evidence that adbusting has ambiguous effects on consumers' brand perception. On the one hand, the incongruency of the message with consumers' existing brand schemata raises ad awareness. On the other hand, the effect of an adbust on subsequent cognitive and behavioral outcomes depends on the content of the adbust: if the brand itself is targeted (vs. a social or political issue), brand perception, word‐of‐mouth, and purchase intention are negatively affected. This negative effect is mitigated if the adbust targets a social/political issue. In a mixed‐method design, we use a panel of real‐world adbusts (Pilot Study) and four experimental studies (Studies 1–4) to shed light on these effects.
Bleeding hearts and heartless believers: How political ideology impacts consumer grit and moral consumer choices
Authors: Pant Logan , Kidwell Blair 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGrit—passion and perseverance toward long‐term goals—is generally associated with conscientiousness and consistency and thus presumed to be ideologically conservative in nature. Yet, an understanding of how liberals and conservatives differ in grittiness remains elusive. In this research, overall grit did not differ between liberals and conservatives, rather ideology played an essential role in driving which dimension of grit (perseverance; passion) was emphasized. Contrary to conventional wisdom, grit‐based perseverance (passion) was more influential to liberals (conservatives). Across two studies and a pilot study (appendix), the authors find that while ideology had no direct influence on moral consumer choices, grit‐based perseverance (passion), related to consumers' liberal (conservative) ideology, significantly increased (decreased) intentions to make moral consumer choices. These findings delineate the relationship between political ideology and grit, and the impact on moral consumer choices. The current research offers important implications for practitioners as well as numerous avenues for future research.
Identification and interruption of inheritance of familial cryptic translocations: A case report
Authors: Ou Jian , Sun Jian , Yang Chuan‐Chun , Ni Meng‐Xia , Zou Qin‐Yan , Xing Shi‐Yu , Lin Chun‐Hua , Meng Qing‐Xia , Ding Jie , Zheng Ai‐Yan , Zhang Yan , Kong Ling‐Yin , Liang Bo , Li Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCryptic translocations can be identified via genetic analysis of aborted tissues or malformed infants, but it is difficult to deduce the parental origins of the translocations. In the absence of such information, it is not easy to distinguish translocations from normal embryos during pre‐implantation genetic testing, that seeks to block familial transmission of translocations.MethodsHere, we present a new method that detects cryptic translocations and blocks familial transmission thereof. Whole‐genome, low‐coverage mate‐pair sequencing (WGLMPS) revealed chromosome breakpoint sequences, and preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) was then used to discard embryos with cryptic translocations.ResultsCryptic translocations were found in all four families, and familial transmission was successfully blocked in one family.ConclusionWhole‐genome, low‐coverage mate‐pair sequencing combined with preimplantation genetic haplotyping methods powerfully and practically identify cryptic translocations and block familial transmissions.
Compound heterozygous mutations in CFTR causing congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens in a Chinese pedigree
Authors: Li Lingyi , Qu Xiaowei , Cui Chenchen , Feng Ke , Xia Yanqing , Wan Feng , Ge Hengtao , Fang Yinghong , Zhang Cuilian , Guo Haibin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder rarely found in Asian populations. Most males with CF are infertile because of obstructive azoospermia (OA) caused by congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Compound heterozygous mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are among the most common pathogenic factors in CBAVD. However, few genealogical analyses have been performed.MethodsIn this study, whole‐exome sequencing and cosegregation analysis were performed in a Chinese pedigree involving two siblings with CBAVD. Moreover, in vitro gene expressions were used to analyze the pathogenicity of a novel CFTR mutation.ResultsWe identified compound heterozygous mutations of CFTR comprising the known disease‐causing variant c.1210‐11T>G (also known as IVS9‐5 T) and c.2144delA;p.q715fs in two siblings with CBAVD. To verify the effects in vitro, we transfected vectors expressing wild‐type and mutated CFTR into 293T cells. The results showed that the CFTR protein containing the frameshift mutation (c.2144delA) was 60 kD smaller. With testicular sperm aspiration/intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐embryo transfer (TESA/ICSI‐ET), both CBAVD patients fathered healthy offspring.ConclusionOur study revealed that compound heterozygous mutations of CFTR are involved in CBAVD, expanding the known CFTR gene mutation spectrum of CBAVD patients and providing more evidence that compound heterozygous mutations can cause familial CBAVD.
CMRsim–A python package for cardiovascular MR simulations incorporating complex motion and flow
Authors: Weine Jonathan , McGrath Charles , Dirix Pietro , Buoso Stefano , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo present an open‐source MR simulation framework that facilitates the incorporation of complex motion and flow for studying cardiovascular MR (CMR) acquisition and reconstruction.MethodsCMRsim is a Python package that allows simulation of CMR images using dynamic digital phantoms with complex motion as input. Two simulation paradigms are available, namely, numerical and analytical solutions to the Bloch equations, using a common motion representation. Competitive simulation speeds are achieved using TensorFlow for GPU acceleration. To demonstrate the capability of the package, one introductory and two advanced CMR simulation experiments are presented. The latter showcase phase‐contrast imaging of turbulent flow downstream of a stenotic section and cardiac diffusion tensor imaging on a contracting left ventricle. Additionally, extensive documentation and example resources are provided.ResultsThe Bloch simulation with turbulent flow using approximately 1.5 million particles and a sequence duration of 710 ms for each of the seven different velocity encodings took a total of 29 min on a NVIDIA Titan RTX GPU. The results show characteristic phase contrast and magnitude modulation present in real data. The analytical simulation of cardiac diffusion tensor imaging with bulk‐motion phase sensitivity took approximately 10 s per diffusion‐weighted image, including preparation and loading steps. The results exhibit the expected alteration of diffusion metrics due to strain.ConclusionCMRsim is the first simulation framework that allows one to feasibly incorporate complex motion, including turbulent flow, to systematically study advanced CMR acquisition and reconstruction approaches. The open‐source package features modularity and transparency, facilitating maintainability and extensibility in support of reproducible research.
Effect of interlaminar basalt fiber veil reinforcement on mode I fracture toughness of basalt fiber composites
Authors: Zhao Guozhi , Li Mengjia , Wang Shenglu , Peng Xilan , Wang Lulu , Li Xiping , Zhao Yuan , Gao Yin , Zhang Ye , Zheng Jiajia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractComposite structures are vulnerable to delamination under out‐of‐plane loading due to the absence of reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction. This paper introduced the interlaminar basalt fiber veil technique to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composite laminates. The reinforcement effect of the basalt fiber veil on GIC of composite laminates was investigated by a double cantilever beam (DCB) test. The toughening effect, damage morphology, and the basalt fiber veil toughening mechanism were analyzed by mechanical response, optical photos, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the basalt fiber veil could significantly inhibit the propagation of interlaminar cracks. Compared to the unreinforced specimen, the maximum load of basalt fiber veil‐reinforced laminate was increased by 73%, the average platform load was increased by 72.7% and the GIC was increased by 157%.Highlights
Improvement of GIC of basalt fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic laminates by basalt fiber veil.
The toughening mechanism for the basalt fiber veil.
The GIC of the fiber veil‐reinforced laminate was 157% higher than the unreinforced laminate.
Reciprocal longitudinal associations of defender self‐efficacy with defending and passive bystanding in peer victimization
Authors: Sjögren Björn , Thornberg Robert , Pozzoli Tiziana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeer victimization in schools most often occurs in the presence of bystanders. When bystanders intervene on behalf of the victims, they are often successful in stopping the victimization. Defender self‐efficacy (i.e., the belief in one's ability to successfully defend victims) has consistently been associated with greater defending and less passive bystanding in peer victimization. However, the lack of longitudinal research designs has resulted in a limited understanding of how these relationships develop over time. This five‐wave longitudinal study involving 2507 Swedish students addressed this gap by examining longitudinal associations of defender self‐efficacy with defending and passive bystanding. Participating students answered a self‐report questionnaire once a year, from fourth to eighth grade. Our findings provide partial evidence for reciprocal associations among the variables. Moreover, there were more significant associations in the traditional than in the random intercept model, thus favoring between‐person interpretations of the longitudinal associations. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the link between defender self‐efficacy and bystander behavior of peer victimization, and that schools in their efforts in preventing school violence and bullying support students in increasing their defender self‐efficacy and capacity in defending.
Attention to the integration of literacy: A systematic review of early math interventions in informal learning environments
Authors: Carter Hannah , Nelson Gena , Boedeker Peter , Buckmiller Claire Werlin , Eames Jessie , Knowles Emma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLinks between the development of early literacy and math skills are well documented. This systematic review focuses on how literacy is incorporated into informal math intervention studies for children in preschool to third grade, which has implications for researchers and those training caregivers to support their children at home. We reviewed 51 experimental or quasi‐experimental studies published from 1981 to 2021 that investigated the effectiveness of math interventions in informal learning environments with a caregiver interventionist. Findings revealed that 100% of studies included literacy in some way. We also investigated what types of literacy activities were integrated, how literacy was a part of data sources collected, and in what ways literacy was mentioned explicitly by authors in research reports. The most common literacy activity was speaking and listening, and the most frequently included literacy data source was standardized literacy achievement measures. Finally, researchers in the included studies did not detail literacy throughout their research reports. While early math interventions often integrate literacy, the research base including math interventions would benefit from more explicit rationales for their use of literacy, and caregivers should be provided information to help understand how literacy should be a part of the way they work with their child on math at home.