bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fall of Troy in Early Greek: Poetry and Art
Authors: Anderson Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Greek myth-makers crafted the downfall of Troy and its rulers into an archetypal illustration of ruthless conquest, deceit, crime and punishment, and the variability of human fortunes. This book examines the major episodes in the archetypal myth - the murder of Priam, the rape of Kassandra, the reunion of Helen and Menelaos, and the escape of Aineias - as witnessed in Archaic Greek epic, fifth-century Athenian drama, and Athenian black- and red-figure vase painting. It focuses in particular on the narrative artistry with which poets and painters balanced these episodes with one another and intertwined them with other chapters in the story of Troy. The author offers the first comprehensive demonstration of the narrative centrality of the Ilioupersis myth within the corpus of Trojan epic poetry, and the first systematic study of pictorial juxtapositions of Ilioupersis scenes on painted vases.
Lucan
Authors: Leigh Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pharsalia, Lucan's epic on the civil war between Caesar and Pompey, is a document of fundamental importance for students of the history and literature of Rome in the early imperial period. Whether one is a historian of the Republican opposition to Nero, or a literary critic teasing out the ideological implications of intertextuality, it is impossible to ignore this poem. Taking as his guiding theme the unusual prominence of spectacle and spectators in the Pharsalia - the tendency of either the narrator to represent complicity with or apathy towards the action of various charactyers as that of one who watches and does not engage, or of individual characters to celebrate the actions which they undertake by turning them into theatrical displays for others to watch - Dr Leigh demonstrates the importance of this phenomenon for narrative, and intertextual concerns as well as for history and socio-political matters. He shows how Lucan can take devices characteristic of Virgilian narrative and transform them to launch an attack on the Augustan ideology of the Aeneid and produce a savagely Republican anti-Aeneid which represents the civil wars as the death of Rome. By studying the tension between the narrator's impassioned interventions and his characters' often manic zeal to transform civil war into performance, this work discovers a Lucan who is as funny as he is serious, as reflective as he is committed.
Josephus’ Tobiads: Back to the Second Century?
Authors: Schwartz Daniel R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an illustration of the use of Jewish evidence for the study of Graeco-Roman history, this chapter will discuss something which did not happen in one of the particularly lively junctures of that history. I refer to the first few decades of the second century BCE, when the Roman republic, having just completed the long and difficult Second Punic War in the western Mediterranean, found itself free to get involved in the east.
Graeco-Roman Voluntary Associations and Ancient Jewish Sects
Authors: Baumgarten Albert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alongside the institutions of the state, armed with the power to coerce, the Graeco-Roman world knew a variety of voluntary organizations, such as guilds, clubs, and cult fellowships, in which people chose to be members. These groups filled many different roles in the lives of their participants, supplying an assortment of personal and social needs, but at the heart of most of them was a bond forged and reinforced by commensality. Jews of ancient Palestine were divided into sects—that is, groups which were opposed to a greater or lesser extent to the mainstream institutions of their society at some point in their history—which some of them elected to join, such as Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes.
Jewish Penal Authority in Roman Judaea
Authors: Oppenheimer Aharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discovery of the Babatha archive and the legal documents it contains has once more brought to the fore the question of the role played by Jewish law in the Land of Israel at the time of the Mishnah. For example, one of the documents, which relates to the year 124 CE, provides evidence that the boule of Petra appointed legal guardians for Babatha’s son after the death of his father. This incident raises several questions. For example, did the family have the option of a hearing in a Jewish court? Would they have turned to such a Jewish court had they lived elsewhere—for example, in one of the heavily settled Jewish areas in Judaea or Galilee? However, such questions are merely of secondary importance as compared to the more basic issues. How far did the Roman government recognize local law in the provinces in general, and in Judaea (and later Syria-Palaestina) in particular?
Lucretius and Politics
Authors: Fowler* D P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The original title of this paper was ‘Lucretius and the language of politics’, and I formerly devoted more space to illustrating the concordances between Lucretius’ language and that of contemporary political discourse, as seen in the writings largely of Cicero and Sallust and as analysed in the well-known study of Hellegouarc’h. As I now spend more time talking of propositions than of words, I have abandoned the fashionable linguistic tum. Nevertheless, I should wish to retain something of the original orientation. When we interrogate a poem like the De Rerum Natura to discover the attitude to politics it embodies, we cannot simply assemble from it a selection of sentences explicitly dealing with the subject and string them together to answer our question. It may well be that this is never good methodology for any text, but it fails more spectacularly for a dense literary work. The words are more important and their interpretation more difficult. I make no excuse therefore for retaining some of the nit-picking obsession with mere words which distinguishes literary scholars from their more adult colleagues.
Rhetoric and the Law of Draco
Authors: Carawan Edwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trials for murder and manslaughter in ancient Athens are preserved in a singularly full and revealing record. The earliest surviving speeches were written for such proceedings, and the laws governing such trials - laws that tradition ascribes to Draco himself - also survive in large part. These documents bear witness to the birth of the jury trial and of democratic rhetoric. This book, the first study of its kind, offers a systematic interpretation of Draco's law and the legal reasoning that grew out of it. The author outlines the historical development (7th to 4th centuries BCE), and then analyses the surviving speeches to unravel the underlying issues and practical consequences.
Greek Tragedy and the British Theatre 1660-1914
Authors: Hall Edith , Macintosh Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This lavishly illustrated book offers the first full, interdisciplinary investigation of the historical evidence for the presence of ancient Greek tragedy in the post-Restoration British theatre, where it reached a much wider audience - including women - than had access to the original texts. Archival research has excavated substantial amounts of new material, both visual and literary, which is presented in chronological order. But the fundamental aim is to explain why Greek tragedy, which played an elite role in the curricula of largely conservative schools and universities, was magnetically attractive to political radicals, progressive theatre professionals, and to the aesthetic avant-garde. All Greek has been translated, and the book will be essential reading for anyone interested in Greek tragedy, the reception of ancient Greece and Rome, theatre history, British social history, English studies, or comparative literature.
Antigone with Consequences
Authors: Hall Edith , Macintosh Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recollections of his Dublin boyhood, published in 1902, the elderly Irish writer and theatre critic Percy Fitzgerald confessed to a recurring dream. In 1846, when still a teenager, he had witnessed the ravishing Helen Faucit performing the leading role in Sophocles’ Antigone. More than half a century later Fitzgerald wrote that the ‘classical vision haunted my boyish dreams for weeks, and does still ... It seemed some supernatural figure lent temporarily to this base earth. Never since have I understood in the same way the solemnity of the Greek play’. What kind of theatrical experience could have made such an impact on an adolescent male psyche that it informed his fantasies for more than a half a century? In this chapter’s exploration of the consequences of Antigone’s appearance on the stages of Britain and Ireland in the 1840s, an unprecedented degree of hyperbole will everywhere be apparent in the responses of its adulatory spectators.
The Ideology of Classical Burlesque
Authors: Hall Edith , Macintosh Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several important books published over the last few decades have illuminated the diversity of ways in which educated nineteenth­ century Britons used ancient Greece and Rome in their art, architecture, philosophy, political theory, poetry, and fiction. The picture has been augmented by Christopher Stray’s study of the history of classical education in Britain, in which he systematically demonstrates that however diverse the elite’s responses to the Greeks and Romans during this period, knowledge of the classical languages served to create and maintain class divisions and effectively to exclude women and working-class men from access to the professions and the upper levels of the civil service. This opens up the question of the extent to which people with little or no education in the classical languages knew about the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome.
The Birth of Literary Fiction in Ancient Greece
Authors: Finkelberg Margalit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out how and why the `poetics of fiction' arose, its sources, and the materials from which it was created. A series of cultural choices made in archaic and classical Greece produced a clash between the traditional `poetics of truth', which derived poetry from divine inspiration and in the last analysis did not construe the poem as a work of art at all, and the new `poetics of fiction', which derived poetry from art. The eventual succession of the latter, culminating with the Poetics of Aristotle, amounted to an aesthetic revolution because, as a result of it, literary fiction, which since then has become a necessary framework for both the theory and practice of literature in Western tradition, was for the first time separated from non-fiction and given a status of its own.
Roland Barthes
Authors: Brown Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book focuses on some of the ways Barthes discusses the nature of his own writing. The first two chapters examine the key but ambiguous term of `dérive' (`drift'), a word which raises questions about how exactly Barthes's writing develops across three decades, about the `scientific' legitimacy of his concepts, and about his own frequently fraught relation to the scientific discourses around him, especially psychoanalysis. Two typical discursive manoeuvres that structure his writing, `naming' and `framing', are then shown to generate particular aesthetic effects which cause complications for some of his theoretical stances. Barthes's fascination for the idea that all writing is a kind of scribble, closer to the visual arts than to speech, is investigated in depth, and his latent animus against speech as such is made manifest. The final chapter suggests that, for Barthes, `the real' can leave its mark on writing only as a disturbing, indeed traumatic trace.
The Logic of Cosmogony
Authors: Burkert Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has often been assumed that cosmogonic myth, i.e. tales about the origin of the universe, are the very centre or even the essence of mythology. Take the definition of myth in the recent Encyclopedia of Religion:‘A myth is an expression of the sacred in words; it reports realities and events from the origin of the world that remain valid for the basis and purpose of all there is.’ ‘Origin of the world’, in relation to ‘all there is’: these are the central concepts of cosmogony, which would thus become the general matrix of myth as such. I, for one, would leave the notion ‘sacred’ out of the definition of myth, and would rather take ‘traditional tale’ as a starting point: myths are traditional tales with special relevance, traditional tales with a secondary but important reference. For illustration we may refer to collections such as Hesiod’s Theogony and Catalogues, Apollodorus’ Library, and Ovid’s Metamorphoses. In these corpora, however, cosmogonical myths make up only a very small section of the whole--for example, only 84 lines out of the I 5 books of the Metamorphoses. Other topics are far more common: myths about genealogies, migrations, foundations of cities, the establishment of culture, and the origins of rituals, especially initiation and sacrifice. This is a rough enumeration of the themes of myth with regard to the tales’ reference, the signifi,e; if we try to make distinctions by the signifi,ant, the tale types, we shall find the great favourite to be the quest, taken as the form of narrative by Vladimir Propp and his followers. Its most thrilling variety is the combat tale; in addition, there are tales about sex and progeny, tales of deceit and deception, ‘trickster’ stories; migration tales too may be a separate type.
Euenius the Negligent Nightwatchman (Herodotus 9. 92-6)
Authors: Griffiths Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No ONE can properly engage with Herodotus without being forced to take a position, whether openly or by implication, on the essential nature of his marvellous text. It is not a question of aligning oneself behind one or other of the two competing theories which attempt to seize control of the battlefield by launching their campaigns from well-entrenched redoubts on the fringe; for neither the arch-conservatives like A. B. Lloyd or W. K. Pritchett, who would dearly love every word to be true, nor the heretical challengers like Detlev Fehling, who see the historian as a creative inventor not only of the genre but of its material too, have shown any sign of making significant territorial inroads. It is the centre ground where the issue must be fought out; not where favourable terrain provides easy victories for either side, but where matters are complex and delicate. This problem is most intractable in those sections of his book where modes of presentation which strike the modem reader as heterogeneous and incompatible seem to sit amicably side by side. One moment we are travelling smoothly down a Rankean ‘wie-eseigentlich-gewesen’ (WEEG) narrative line, the next we are diverted (in more senses than one) into a tale straight from the pages of the Grimm Brothers; but both modes apparently make the same claim on our acceptance. The task must be to make progress towards understanding just how it is possible for what some might be inclined to call muthos and logos to coexist so easily in the text of the Historiai.
Monotheism in the Gnostic Tradition
Authors: Dillon John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may well be that, when one ‘s thoughts turn to the Gnostics, monotheism is not the first topic that comes to mind. Rather, I should say, it is the reckless multiplication of immaterial and quasi-divine entities for which the various Gnostic systems would generally be noted, as well as their strong dualistic tendencies. However, though certainly salient features, these phenomena are not after all incompatible with monotheism, as I shall proceed to argue.
The Cult of Theos Hypsistos between Pagans, Jews, and Christians
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1971 George Bean published an oracle inscription from the city of Oenoanda in northern Lycia. Within a few months Louis Robert lectured on the text at the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres in Paris and wrote one of his finest articles on these six hexameter verses, ‘Un oracle grave a Oenoanda ‘. Ramsay MacMullen, in a footnote to his Paganism in the Roman Empire, saluted the achievement of both scholars: ‘Professor Robert ‘s discussion and the work of original discovery by G. E. Bean are enough to restore one ‘s faith in scholarship. ‘ Since then the oracle from Oenoanda has occupied an obligatory and worthy place at the center of all discussions of late Roman paganism.
Tacitus Reviewed
Authors: Woodman A J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tacitus, writing early in the second century AD, is acknowledged to be ancient Rome's greatest historian; his Annals, describing the emperors from Tiberius to Nero (AD 14 - 68), is his greatest work. This book gathers together Professor Woodman's writings on Tacitus over the past twenty-five years, focusing almost exclusively on the AnnalsR. He starts from, and argues for, the basic premiss that, as a historian, Tacitus must be seen in ancient rather than in modern terms. The Annals is a literary text of immense subtlety and acknowledged difficulty and complexity; it is also a very familiar text, read and reread by generations of scholars who want to find out about the Roman empire. One of Professor Woodman's principal contentions is that, through familiarity, these readers have misread significant passages of the text, thereby gaining and perpetuating a distorted view of what Tacitus has to say, especially about Tiberius. This distorted view is revealed, and the true meaning disclosed, by minute and detailed literary analysis. The author offers radically new or different interpretations of some of the most famous passages: the murder of Agrippa Postumus, the notorious accession debate of Tiberius, Tacitus' statement of the so-called `highest function of history', Tiberius' obituary, Nero's debauched water-borne party, and the Pisonian conspiracy against Nero in AD 65. There is also discussion of major narrative sections of Books 1 and 4, concentrating on such matters as structure, vivid representation, imitation and allusion, and dramatic and generic manipulation of the narrative. The new interpretations have profound implications for those who wish to use Tacitus' Annals as a source for what happened in the first century AD.
Flesh and Spirit in the Songs of Homer
Authors: Clarke Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the epics of Homer people experience emotions, carry out thought, express themselves, suffer death, and survive in a shadowy afterlife. When Homer describes these processes he reveals his sense of human identity; his conception of the self and its relation to the visible body. Despite many generations of study a fully satisfactory account of that conception has never been offered, partly because analyses of word-meanings, world-picture, and literary tradition have proceeded along separate paths. This book offers a newly integrated interpretation of Homeric man. The author starts with the working hypothesis that, in this poetry, the human being is not divided into two parts - inner and outer; body and soul; flesh and spirit - but stands as an indivisible unity. Thought and emotion are precisely the same as the movement of breath, blood, and fluids in the breast; the thinking self and the visible flesh are inextricably united, with no sense of man having either a mind or a body as a constituent part of himself; and at death the journey to the Underworld is fundamentally the same as the descent of the corpse into the soil. The last part of this analysis leads to a reassessment of the Homeric psuche, an entity which leaves the mouth at death and whose name is often misleadingly translated as soul. This study of the psuche leads to a new view of life in the Underworld, with wider implications for the study of the interrelation between myth, poetic narrative, and the meanings of early Greek words.
The ‘Dependency Theme ‘
Authors: Coys-Stones G R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As part of his response to Celsus’ attack on the sectarian nature of Christian philosophy, Origen makes the following observation (Against Celsus, 3.13; but see all of 12-13): Anyone who criticizes Christianity on account of its sects might also criticize the teaching of Socrates; for from his instruction many schools have come into being, whose adherents do not hold the same opinions. Furthermore, one might criticize Plato for his doctrines on the ground that Aristotle left his instruction and introduced new ideas.
Caudium as Event and Exemplum
Authors: Chaplin Jane D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The narrative takes its impetus from the Roman rejection of the Samnites’ capitulation at the end of Book 8. Full of righteous indignation, the Samnites’ general C. Herennius Pontius convinces them that the gods are on their side and will lead them to victory. Deceiving the Romans into thinking that his forces are concentrated at Luceria, and taking advantage of the Romans’ thoughtless decision to proceed there by the more direct, but less safe, route, Pontius manages to trap two consular armies in an area known as the Caudine Forks.
Medical Latin in the Roman Empire
Authors: Langslow D R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous importance of medicine in Roman literature, philosophy, and social history, the language of Latin medical texts has not been properly studied. This book presents the first systematic account of a part of this large, rich field. Concentrating on texts of `high' medicine written in educated, even literary, Latin Professor Langslow offers a detailed linguistic profile of the medical terminology of Celsus and Scribonius Largus (first century AD) and Theodorus Priscianus and Cassius Felix (fifth century AD), with frequent comparisons with their respective near-contemporaries. The linguistic focus is on vocabulary and word-formation and the book thus addresses the large question of the possible and the preferred means of extending the vocabulary in Latin at the beginning and end of the Empire. Some syntactic issues (including word order and nominalization) are also discussed, and sections on the sociolinguistic background and stylistic features consider the question to what extent we may speak of `medical Latin' in the strong sense, as the language of a group, and draw comparisons and contrasts between ancient and modern technical languages.
Law, Custom, and Myth: Aspects of the Social Position of Women in Classical Athens
Authors: Gould John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is some years now since the Oxford anthropologist Edwin Ardener in his article ‘Belief and the Problem of Women’1 drew attention to the striking lack of progress that had been made in understanding traditional societies as they are seen from the point of view of women: ‘the models of a society made by most ethnographers tend to be models derived from the male portion of that society’. The result, as he pointed out, is that, in considering social structure, ‘we are, for practical purposes, in a male world. The study of women is on a level little higher than the study of the ducks and fowl they commonly own.’ He went on to put forward an explanation of the fact, by suggesting that, since the dominant structure of society is articulated and communicated in terms of a male world-position, women constitute a ‘muted group’, made inarticulate by the lack of a language in which to communicate their particular sense of society and its relationship to the totality of experience.