bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal physical activity affects yolk sac size and growth in early pregnancy, but girls and boys use different strategies
Authors: Vietheer Alexander , Kiserud Torvid , Ebbing Cathrine , Rajkumar Hemamaalini , Ariansen Haaland Øystein , Lie Rolv Terje , Romero Roberto , Kessler Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis longitudinal study investigated the impact of actigraphy-measured maternal physical activity on yolk sac size during early development. The yolk sac, a transient extraembryonic organ, plays a crucial role in embryonic development and is involved in metabolism, nutrition, growth, and hematopoiesis. Prospectively collected data from 190 healthy women indicated that their total daily physical activity, including both light and moderate-vigorous activity, was associated with yolk sac growth dynamics depending on embryonic sex and gestational age. Higher preconception maternal physical activity was linked to a larger yolk sac at 7 weeks (95% CI [0.02–0.13 mm]) and a smaller yolk sac at 10 weeks’ gestation (95% CI [− 0.18 to − 0.00]) in male embryos; in female embryos, the yolk sac size was increased at 10 weeks’ gestation (95% CI [0.06–0.26]) and was, on average, 24% larger than that in male embryos (95% CI [0.12–0.38]). Considering the pattern of other maternal effects on yolk sac size—e.g., body composition and sleep duration—we suggest that physiological yolk sac adaptations occur in short, sex-specific time windows and can be influenced by various maternal factors.
Association of CD4-positive cell infiltration with response to vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Miyazaki Haruka , Hoshi Namiko , Ishida Tsukasa , Nishioka Chiharu , Ouchi Sachiko , Shirasaka Daisuke , Yoshie Tomoo , Munetomo Yoshinori , Sakamoto Yoshio , Osuga Tatsuya , Matsui Saori , Hyodo Toshiki , Denda Tamami , Watanabe Daisuke , Ooi Makoto , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNot all patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) respond initially to treatment with biologic agents, and predicting their efficacy prior to treatment is difficult. Vedolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against alpha 4 beta 7 (α4β7) integrin, suppresses immune cell migration by blocking the interaction between α4β7 integrin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1. Reports about histological features that predict vedolizumab efficacy are scarce. So, we examined the association between histological features and vedolizumab efficacy. This was a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with UC treated with vedolizumab. Biopsy specimens taken from the colonic mucosa prior to vedolizumab induction were used, and the areas positively stained for CD4, CD68, and CD45 were calculated. Clinical and histological features were compared between those with and without remission at week 22, and the factors associated with clinical outcomes were identified. We enrolled 42 patients. Patients with a high CD4+ infiltration showed a better response to vedolizumab [odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, P = 0.014]. The concomitant use of corticosteroids and high Mayo scores had a negative association with the vedolizumab response (OR = 0.11, P = 0.008 and OR = 0.50, P = 0.009, respectively). Histological evaluation for CD4+ cell infiltration may be helpful in selecting patients who can benefit from vedolizumab.
Optimized SAR imaging algorithm with SSL constraints for the Azimuth direction
Authors: Wang Zhenli , Cai Mengsheng , Wang Qun , Chen Xianyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to address the low azimuth imaging problem of traditional Range Doppler (RD) algorithm, a high-resolution imaging algorithm with optimal azimuth sampling sequence length (SSL) constraints is hereby proposed. According to this algorithm, efforts are made to design a formula for the calculation of the initial azimuth SSL on the basis of SAR azimuth imaging parameters. Having obtained the initial SSL and the criteria for the evaluation of SAR imaging performance, we continue to figure out the extreme values of the curve within a reasonable range of variation. On the basis of these values, the optimal azimuth SSL can be determined to provide data support for global azimuth imaging. Measurement data from imaging experiments on airborne and spaceborne SARs show that, compared with traditional RD algorithm, the proposed algorithm reveals outstanding advantages as indicated by a number of factors critical for the evaluation of imaging performance, such as resolution, peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR) and integral sidelobe ratio (ISLR). Compared with reference methods with local optimal imaging performance, the proposed algorithm can help to obtain global optimal SAR imaging data.
Single-cell and spatial architecture of primary liver cancer
Authors: Zhou Pei-Yun , Zhou Cheng , Gan Wei , Tang Zheng , Sun Bao-Ye , Huang Jin-Long , Liu Gao , Liu Wei-Ren , Tian Meng-Xin , Jiang Xi-Fei , Wang Han , Tao Chen-Yang , Fang Yuan , Qu Wei-Feng , Huang Run , Zhu Gui-Qi , Huang Cheng , Fu Xiu-Tao , Ding Zhen-Bin , Gao Qiang , Zhou Jian , Shi Ying-Hong , Yi Yong , Fan Jia , Qiu Shuang-Jian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrimary liver cancer (PLC) poses a leading threat to human health, and its treatment options are limited. Meanwhile, the investigation of homogeneity and heterogeneity among PLCs remains challenging. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomic and bulk multi-omics, we elaborated a molecular architecture of 3 PLC types, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC). Taking a high-resolution perspective, our observations revealed that CHC cells exhibit internally discordant phenotypes, whereas ICC and HCC exhibit distinct tumor-specific features. Specifically, ICC was found to be the primary source of cancer-associated fibroblasts, while HCC exhibited disrupted metabolism and greater individual heterogeneity of T cells. We further revealed a diversity of intermediate-state cells residing in the tumor-peritumor junctional zone, including a congregation of CPE+ intermediate-state endothelial cells (ECs), which harbored the molecular characteristics of tumor-associated ECs and normal ECs. This architecture offers insights into molecular characteristics of PLC microenvironment, and hints that the tumor-peritumor junctional zone could serve as a targeted region for precise therapeutical strategies.
Elevated stress response marks deeply quiescent reserve cells of gastric chief cells
Authors: Shiokawa Daisuke , Sakai Hiroaki , Koizumi Miho , Okimoto Yoshie , Mori Yutaro , Kanda Yusuke , Ohata Hirokazu , Honda Hiroaki , Okamoto Koji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal tract organs harbor reserve cells, which are endowed with cellular plasticity and regenerate functional units in response to tissue damage. However, whether the reserve cells in gastrointestinal tract exist as long-term quiescent cells remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we systematically examine H2b-GFP label-retaining cells and identify a long-term slow-cycling population in the gastric corpus but not in other gastrointestinal organs. The label-retaining cells, which reside near the basal layers of the corpus, comprise a subpopulation of chief cells. The identified quiescent cells exhibit induction of Atf4 and its target genes including Atf3, a marker of paligenosis, and activation of the unfolded protein response, but do not show elevated expression of Troy, Lgr5, or Mist. External damage to the gastric mucosa induced by indomethacin treatment triggers proliferation of the quiescent Atf4+ population, indicating that the gastric corpus harbors a specific cell population that is primed to facilitate stomach regeneration.
Auditory inputs modulate intrinsic neuronal timescales during sleep
Authors: Klar Philipp , Çatal Yasir , Fogel Stuart , Jocham Gerhard , Langner Robert , Owen Adrian M. , Northoff Georg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that intrinsic neuronal timescales (INT) undergo modulation by external stimulation during consciousness. It remains unclear if INT keep the ability for significant stimulus-induced modulation during primary unconscious states, such as sleep. This fMRI analysis addresses this question via a dataset that comprises an awake resting-state plus rest and stimulus states during sleep. We analyzed INT measured via temporal autocorrelation supported by median frequency (MF) in the frequency-domain. Our results were replicated using a biophysical model. There were two main findings: (1) INT prolonged while MF decreased from the awake resting-state to the N2 resting-state, and (2) INT shortened while MF increased during the auditory stimulus in sleep. The biophysical model supported these results by demonstrating prolonged INT in slowed neuronal populations that simulate the sleep resting-state compared to an awake state. Conversely, under sine wave input simulating the stimulus state during sleep, the model’s regions yielded shortened INT that returned to the awake resting-state level. Our results highlight that INT preserve reactivity to stimuli in states of unconsciousness like sleep, enhancing our understanding of unconscious brain dynamics and their reactivity to stimuli.
Identifying opportunities for late-stage C-H alkylation with high-throughput experimentation and in silico reaction screening
Authors: Nippa David F. , Atz Kenneth , Müller Alex T. , Wolfard Jens , Isert Clemens , Binder Martin , Scheidegger Oliver , Konrad David B. , Grether Uwe , Martin Rainer E. , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnhancing the properties of advanced drug candidates is aided by the direct incorporation of specific chemical groups, avoiding the need to construct the entire compound from the ground up. Nevertheless, their chemical intricacy often poses challenges in predicting reactivity for C-H activation reactions and planning their synthesis. We adopted a reaction screening approach that combines high-throughput experimentation (HTE) at a nanomolar scale with computational graph neural networks (GNNs). This approach aims to identify suitable substrates for late-stage C-H alkylation using Minisci-type chemistry. GNNs were trained using experimentally generated reactions derived from in-house HTE and literature data. These trained models were then used to predict, in a forward-looking manner, the coupling of 3180 advanced heterocyclic building blocks with a diverse set of sp3-rich carboxylic acids. This predictive approach aimed to explore the substrate landscape for Minisci-type alkylations. Promising candidates were chosen, their production was scaled up, and they were subsequently isolated and characterized. This process led to the creation of 30 novel, functionally modified molecules that hold potential for further refinement. These results positively advocate the application of HTE-based machine learning to virtual reaction screening.
Spatially embedded recurrent neural networks reveal widespread links between structural and functional neuroscience findings
Authors: Achterberg Jascha , Akarca Danyal , Strouse D. J. , Duncan John , Astle Duncan E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrain networks exist within the confines of resource limitations. As a result, a brain network must overcome the metabolic costs of growing and sustaining the network within its physical space, while simultaneously implementing its required information processing. Here, to observe the effect of these processes, we introduce the spatially embedded recurrent neural network (seRNN). seRNNs learn basic task-related inferences while existing within a three-dimensional Euclidean space, where the communication of constituent neurons is constrained by a sparse connectome. We find that seRNNs converge on structural and functional features that are also commonly found in primate cerebral cortices. Specifically, they converge on solving inferences using modular small-world networks, in which functionally similar units spatially configure themselves to utilize an energetically efficient mixed-selective code. Because these features emerge in unison, seRNNs reveal how many common structural and functional brain motifs are strongly intertwined and can be attributed to basic biological optimization processes. seRNNs incorporate biophysical constraints within a fully artificial system and can serve as a bridge between structural and functional research communities to move neuroscientific understanding forwards.
Life expectancy can increase by up to 10 years following sustained shifts towards healthier diets in the United Kingdom
Authors: Fadnes Lars T. , Celis-Morales Carlos , Økland Jan-Magnus , Parra-Soto Solange , Livingstone Katherine M. , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Balakrishna Rajiv , Javadi Arjmand Elaheh , Johansson Kjell Arne , Haaland Øystein A. , Mathers John C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdherence to healthy dietary patterns can prevent the development of non-communicable diseases and affect life expectancy. Here, using a prospective population-based cohort data from the UK Biobank, we show that sustained dietary change from unhealthy dietary patterns to the Eatwell Guide dietary recommendations is associated with 8.9 and 8.6 years gain in life expectancy for 40-year-old males and females, respectively. In the same population, sustained dietary change from unhealthy to longevity-associated dietary patterns is associated with 10.8 and 10.4 years gain in life expectancy in males and females, respectively. The largest gains are obtained from consuming more whole grains, nuts and fruits and less sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats. Understanding the contribution of sustained dietary changes to life expectancy can provide guidance for the development of health policies.
Enhanced luminescence efficiency in Eu-doped GaN superlattice structures revealed by terahertz emission spectroscopy
Authors: Murakami Fumikazu , Takeo Atsushi , Mitchell Brandon , Dierolf Volkmar , Fujiwara Yasufumi , Tonouchi Masayoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEu-doped Gallium nitride (GaN) is a promising candidate for GaN-based red light-emitting diodes, which are needed for future micro-display technologies. Introducing a superlattice structure comprised of alternating undoped and Eu-doped GaN layers has been observed to lead to an order-of-magnitude increase in output power; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we explore the optical and electrical properties of these superlattice structures utilizing terahertz emission spectroscopy. We find that ~0.1% Eu doping reduces the bandgap of GaN by ~40 meV and increases the index of refraction by ~20%, which would result in potential barriers and carrier confinement within a superlattice structure. To confirm the presence of these potential barriers, we explored the temperature dependence of the terahertz emission, which was used to estimate the barrier potentials. The result revealed that even a dilutely doped superlattice structure induces significant confinement for carriers, enhancing carrier recombination within the Eu-doped regions. Such an enhancement would improve the external quantum efficiency in the Eu-doped devices. We argue that the benefits of the superlattice structure are not limited to Eu-doped GaN, which provides a roadmap for enhanced optoelectronic functionalities in all rare-earth-doped semiconductor systems.
Millennial-scale climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere influenced glacier dynamics in the Alps around 250,000 years ago
Authors: Skiba Vanessa , Spötl Christoph , Trüssel Martin , Schröder-Ritzrau Andrea , Schröder Birgit , Frank Norbert , Eichstädter René , Tjallingii Rik , Marwan Norbert , Zhang Xu , Fohlmeister Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMountain glaciers are sensitive recorders of natural and human-induced climate change. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between climate and glacier response on both short and long timescales. Here we present an analysis of oxygen and carbon isotope data from speleothems formed mainly below a glacier-covered catchment in the Alps 300,000 to 200,000 years ago. Isotope-enabled climate model simulations reveal that δ18O of precipitation in the Alps was higher by approximately 1 ‰ during interstadials compared to stadials. This agrees with interstadial-stadial amplitudes of our new speleothem-based estimate after correcting for cave-internal effects. We propose that the variability of these cave-internal effects offers a unique tool for reconstructing long-term dynamics of warm-based Alpine palaeoglaciers. Our data thereby suggests a close link between North Atlantic interstadial-stadial variability and the meltwater dynamics of Alpine glaciers during Marine Isotope Stage 8 and 7d.
Nitrogen fixing shrubs advance the pace of tall-shrub expansion in low-Arctic tundra
Authors: Schore Aiden I. G. , Fraterrigo Jennifer M. , Salmon Verity G. , Yang Dedi , Lara Mark J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTall deciduous shrubs are critically important to carbon and nutrient cycling in high-latitude ecosystems. As Arctic regions warm, shrubs expand heterogeneously across their ranges, including within unburned terrain experiencing isometric gradients of warming. To constrain the effects of widespread shrub expansion in terrestrial and Earth System Models, improved knowledge of local-to-regional scale patterns, rates, and controls on decadal shrub expansion is required. Using fine-scale remote sensing, we modeled the drivers of patch-scale tall-shrub expansion over 68 years across the central Seward Peninsula of Alaska. Models show the heterogeneous patterns of tall-shrub expansion are not only predictable but have an upper limit defined by permafrost, climate, and edaphic gradients, two-thirds of which have yet to be colonized. These observations suggest that increased nitrogen inputs from nitrogen-fixing alders contributed to a positive feedback that advanced overall tall-shrub expansion. These findings will be useful for constraining and projecting vegetation-climate feedbacks in the Arctic.
The mechanism effects of root exudate on microbial community of rhizosphere soil of tree, shrub, and grass in forest ecosystem under N deposition
Authors: Jing Hang , Wang Huiling , Wang Guoliang , Liu Guobin , Cheng Yi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forests are composed of various plant species, and rhizosphere soil microbes are driven by root exudates. However, the interplay between root exudates, microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of canopy trees, understory shrubs, grasses, and their responses to nitrogen (N) deposition remains unclear. Pinus tabulaeformis, Rosa xanthina, and Carex lancifolia were used to investigate root exudates, rhizosphere soil microbial communities, and their responses to N application in forest ecosystem. Root exudate abundances of P. tabulaeformis were significantly higher than that of R. xanthina and C. lancifolia, with carbohydrates dominating P. tabulaeformis and R. xanthina root exudates, fatty acids prevailing in C. lancifolia root exudates. Following N application, root exudate abundances of P. tabulaeformis and R. xanthina initially increased before decreasing, whereas those of C. lancifolia decreased. Microbial number of rhizosphere soil of C. lancifolia was higher than that of P. tabulaeformis and R. xanthina, but there was insignificant variation of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity among plant species. N application exerted promotional and inhibitory impacts on bacterial and fungal numbers, respectively, while bacterial and fungal diversities were increased by N application. Overall, N application had negative effects on root exudates of P. tabulaeformis, inhibiting rhizosphere soil microbial populations. N application suppressed rhizosphere soil microbial populations by increasing root exudates of R. xanthina. Conversely, N application elevated nutrient content in the rhizosphere soil of C. lancifolia, reducing root exudates and minimally promoting microbial populations. This study highlights the importance of understory vegetation in shaping soil microbial communities within forests under N deposition.
S 308 and other X-ray emitting bubbles around Wolf–Rayet stars
Authors: Camilloni Francesco , Becker Werner , Sasaki Manami 
Published: November 2023

Context. S 308 is an X-ray emitting bubble that surrounds the Wolf–Rayet star WR6. The structure shines in the optical as well and is thus known as the Dolphin Nebula. Due to its large angular extent, it has been covered at only 90% with past XMM-Newton observations.
Aims. Thanks to the unique dataset provided by the all-sky survey performed in X-rays by SRG/eROSITA, we can show for the first time the image of the bubble in its entire extent in this band, together with its spectral characterization. Moreover, we have tried to apply the same procedure for other wind-blown bubbles detected in the optical/IR and we searched for X-ray extended emission around them.
Methods. We first analyzed the diffuse emission of S308, providing a detailed spectral analysis. We then considered a sample of 22 optical/IR selected wind-blown bubbles from a previous study based on WISE data, providing an estimate of the X-ray flux for the first time.
Results. We obtained the best fit for S308 with a two-temperature non-equilibrium plasma model (kT1 = 0.8-0.3+0.8 keV and kT2 = 2-1+3 keV) showing super-solar N abundance and low absorption. We did not detect any of the 22 optical/IR emitting bubbles in X-rays, but using our best fit model, we estimated the 3σ flux upper limits for each bubble.
Conclusions. We demonstrate the new possibility offered by SRG/eROSITA to study known wind-blown bubbles and look for other ones. A two-temperature plasma description seems to fit the data quite well for S308. Since all of the 22 bubbles studied still remain undetected by SRG/eROSITA, it is very likely that absorption effects and spatial compactness are responsible for the challenges standing in the way of detecting these bubbles in soft X-rays.
Ausbildungskonzepte im Feld Digitalisierung und künstlicher Intelligenz in der Kardiologie
Authors: Johnson Victoria , Breitbart Philipp 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung und künstliche Intelligenz (KI) sind aus dem klinischen Alltag nicht mehr
wegzudenken. Dennoch gibt es bisher kaum eine strukturierte Fort- und Weiterbildung in diesem
neuen, aber wichtigen Feld der Medizin. Zum jetzigen Stand existieren lediglich vereinzelte
Projekte an Universitäten oder auf Tagungen, jedoch keine flächendeckende, curriculare
Ausbildung. Dringend sind hier interdisziplinäre Fortbildungskonzepte gefordert, die nicht nur
die technischen Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung und KI adressieren, sondern auch ihre
jetzigen bzw. zukünftigen Anwendungsgebiete im klinischen Alltag. Dies sollte bereits während
des Studiums eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen und anschließend im Rahmen von Fortbildungen oder
Kongressbesuchen während der klinischen Ausbildung vertieft werden.