bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous pulmonary disease in a child: An unusual presentation of Crohn's disease
Authors: Al‐Binali Ali M. , Scott Brent , Al‐Garni A. , Montgomery Mark , Robertson Marli 
Published: May 2003

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel which may be associated with an extensive list of extraintestinal manifestations involving almost every organ system. The most common organs involved are the eyes, skin, joints, and liver. Symptomatic bronchopulmonary disorders have been reported only rarely in pediatric CD. We report on an 11‐year‐old child who had a recurrent cough and increasing dyspnea with exercise for 8 months before developing any gastrointestinal symptoms. He was demonstrated to have granulomatous inflammation of the lung, as well as of the gastrointestinal tract. Similarities between CD and sarcoidosis are discussed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:76–80. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sputum induction as a diagnostic tool for community‐acquired pneumonia in infants and young children from a high HIV prevalence area
Authors: Zar H.J. , Tannenbaum E. , Hanslo D. , Hussey G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSputum induction is a standard diagnostic procedure to identify pathogens in lower respiratory tract secretions in adults with pneumonia, but has rarely been studied or used in infants and young children. Our aim was to determine the usefulness of induced sputum (IS) as a diagnostic method for infants and children hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a high HIV prevalence area. Children hospitalized for CAP were prospectively enrolled over a year. IS was obtained by nebulization with hypertonic (5%) saline, physiotherapy, and suctioning. Sputum was submitted for bacterial and mycobacterial culture and P. carinii detection. Gastric lavages (GLs) were done for M. tuberculosis culture; a nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was obtained for bacterial culture and P. carinii detection. IS was obtained in 210 children (median age, 7 (25th to 75th percentile, 3–18) months); 138 (66%) were HIV‐infected; 148 (70%) were receiving supplemental oxygen. Bacteria were isolated from 101 (50%) IS and 141 (70%) NPA paired specimens (P < 0.001). A significantly higher rate of S. aureus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and S. pneumoniae was found in NPAs compared to IS; this pattern was particularly evident in HIV‐infected children. M. tuberculosis was cultured from sputum in 19 patients (9%); GLs performed in 142 children were positive in only 9 (6%). The difference (95% confidence interval) between yields for M. tuberculosis from culture of IS compared to GL was 4.3% (95% CI, 0–5.6%; P = 0.08). P. carinii was identified from IS in 12 (5.7%) children; all corresponding NPAs were negative. Seven (3%) children could not tolerate sputum induction. Side effects included increased coughing in 4%, epistaxis in 3%, and wheezing responsive to bronchodilators in 1%. In conclusion, induced sputum is a useful and safe diagnostic procedure in infants and children with CAP from a high HIV prevalence area. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:58–62. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of budesonide as maintenance therapy for children with asthma
Authors: Szefler Stanley , Pedersen Søren 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Inhaled corticosteroids are recognized as the preferred long‐term control medication for persistent asthma based on their anti‐inflammatory properties and significant evidence of efficacy. Inhaled budesonide is the most carefully characterized inhaled corticosteroid for childhood asthma. It is available for administration in children down to six months of age and to date has an excellent safety profile. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:13–21. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospital readmissions for asthma in children and young adults in Canada
Authors: Chen Yue , Dales Robert , Stewart Paula , Johansen Helen , Scott Geoffroy , Taylor Gregory 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo examine the incidence rate of hospital readmission for asthma in relation to sex and age among Canadian children and young adults, we used data from 86,863 subjects under age 20 years when they had a first admission for asthma as 1 of first 5 diagnoses in Canada between April 1, 1994 and March 31, 1997. We calculated age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates, and used the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis. Of these subjects, 20,277 (23.3%) were readmitted to hospital for asthma during the study period. After adjusting for length of stay for first admission and province, the rate ratio for females vs. males was 0.86 for those under age 1 year, and close to unity for the 1–4‐year and 5–9‐year age groups, whereas it was 1.47 and 1.35 for the 10–14‐year and 15–19‐year age groups, respectively. The data showed similar trends for rehospitalization asthma as a primary diagnosis. The incidence rate of rehospitalization showed little sex difference between ages 1–9 years, but was markedly higher in females than in males 10–19 years of age. Airway size, female hormonal changes, increased use of cosmetic products, and cigarette smoking among adolescent girls may contribute to the age‐ and sex‐differences in adolescence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:22–26. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise‐induced bronchospasm in children: Comparison of FEV1 and FEF25–75% responses
Authors: Fonseca‐Guedes Cristina H.F. , Cabral Anna Lúcia B. , Martins Milton A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe response of asthmatic children to exercise has usually been evaluated by forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). We reasoned that other respiratory indexes derived from the forced vital capacity manuever such as forced expiratory flow between 25–75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75%) would add significant information in the evaluation of the relationship between asthma severity and response to exercise. We studied 164 children with intermittent (n = 63), mild persistent (n = 30), moderate persistent (n = 40), and severe persistent asthma (n = 31). Subjects exercised for 6 min on a cycle ergometer at 80% of their maximum heart rate, and spirometry was performed before and 5, 10, and 20 min after exercise. There was good correlation between changes in FEV1 and FEF25–75% after exercise (r = 0.60, P < 0.001 for intermittent asthma and r = 0.80, P < 0.001 for severe persistent asthma). The presence of a fall in both FEV1 (≥10%) and in FEF25–75% (≥26%) when compared to a decrease in only one of these two indexes was significantly greater in children with more severe asthma (60.0% for intermittent asthma and 94.4% for severe persistent asthma, P = 0.022). FEF25–75% can decrease in response to exercise without changes in FEV1, mainly in children with mild asthma. In the evaluation of the response to exercise in children with different asthma severities, more than one maximum expiratory flow‐volume parameter should be used. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:49–54. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and function of pro‐inflammatory interleukin IL‐17 and IL‐17 receptor in normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant prostate
Authors: Steiner Georg E. , Newman Martin E. , Paikl Doris , Stix Ursula , Memaran‐Dagda Nima , Lee Chung , Marberger Michael J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVESTo investigate factors involved in inflammation of the prostate besides IL‐15, we screened prostatic cells and tissues for IL‐17 and IL‐17 receptor expression.METHODSNormal prostate (n = 1), BPH (n = 19), and carcinoma (CaP, n = 12) specimens were screened for IL‐17, IL‐17 receptor, CD45, IL‐6, and IL‐8 mRNA expression. The carcinoma cell lines DU145, PC3, LNCaP, and BPH‐epithelial (EC), stromal cell (SC) preparations, and BPH‐T‐cell lines were analyzed for IL‐17 production by RT‐PCR and ELISA. The effect of IL‐17 on IL‐6, IL‐8, TGF‐β1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) mRNA expression and/or release of SC was analyzed using real‐time PCR and/or ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize both IL‐17 and IL‐17 receptor.RESULTSIn the normal prostate, IL‐17 expression was very weak and restricted to lymphocytes. In 79% of BPH and 58% of CaP specimens, IL‐17 mRNA and protein expression was increased. IL‐17 mRNA expression could be shown for activated BPH‐T‐cells and to some extend for BPH‐EC. Expression of IL‐17 receptor was ubiquitous. Release of IL‐17 was shown only for activated BPH‐T‐cells. IL‐17 stimulated expression of IL‐6 (13‐fold) and IL‐8 (26‐fold) by prostatic BPH‐SC. In situ, however, the amount of IL‐17mRNA in BPH‐tissue did not correlate with the amount of IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA. In CaP tissue, significant correlation was found only between the amount of IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA.CONCLUSIONSActivated BPH‐T‐cells abundantly express IL‐17. The increase of IL‐17 in BPH‐tissues goes hand in hand with elevated levels of IL‐15, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with T‐cell growth factor properties. A clinical relevance of increased IL‐17 expression under pathological conditions is suggested by the demonstration of significant upregulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 production of prostatic SC by IL‐17. Prostate 56: 171–182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant prostate specific antigen inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fortier A.H. , Holaday J.W. , Liang H. , Dey C. , Grella D.K. , Holland‐Linn J. , Vu H. , Plum S.M. , Nelson B.J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate specific antigen (PSA) is a kallikrein family member with serine protease activity commonly used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. We recently described anti‐angiogenic properties of PSA [Fortier et al.: JNCI 91:1635–1640].METHODSTwo forms of PSA were cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris: one, an intact PSA with an N‐terminus of IVGGVS…; the second, an N‐1 PSA variant. The recombinant proteins were tested for serine protease activity and for anti‐angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.RESULTSThe rate of substrate hydrolysis by the intact recombinant PSA was similar to that of PSA isolated and purified from human seminal plasma. In contrast, the N‐1 PSA variant lacked serine protease activity. In an endothelial cell migration assay, the concentration that resulted in 50% inhibition (IC50) was: 0.5 μM for native PSA, 0.5 μM for intact recombinant protein, and 0.1 μM for the N‐1 variant PSA. Both the intact recombinant and the N‐1 recombinant PSA inhibited angiogenesis in vivo.CONCLUSIONSPurified recombinant PSA inhibits angiogenesis, proving the concept that PSA is an anti‐angiogenic, and serine protease activity, as determined by synthetic substrate hydrolysis, is distinct from the anti‐angiogenic properties of PSA. Prostate 56: 212–219, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sample preparation effects in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of partially depolymerised carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Momcilovic Dane , Wittgren Bengt , Wahlund Karl‐Gustav , Karlsson Johan , Brinkmalm Gunnar 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSample preparation effects in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) of partially depolymerised carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have been investigated. The depolymerisation was either enzymatic or acidic. Fractions of enzymatically depolymerised CMC were collected from size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and further investigated by MALDI‐TOFMS. 2,5‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as matrix, dissolved in H2O due to the poor solubility of CMC in suitable organic solvents. The samples were dried by two methods, in ambient atmosphere and at reduced pressure. Under reduced pressure the sample spot homogeneity increased. This drying method, however, produced additional adduct peaks in the mass spectra originating from ion exchange on the CMC oligomers. Analysis of CMC could be performed in both negative and positive ion modes. Mass discrimination and variation in ionisation efficiency were demonstrated by comparing mass spectra with SEC data. Measurements of the degree of substitution (DS) were performed on three CMCs with different DS values, which were depolymerised in trifluoroacetic acid. The three CMCs were easily distinguished from one another, but the obtained DS values deviated from the values supplied by the manufacturer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of urinary nucleosides. III. Identification of 5′‐deoxycytidine in urine of a patient with head and neck cancer
Authors: Dudley Edward , Lemiere Filip , Van Dongen Walter , Langridge James I. , El‐Sharkawi Salah , Games David E. , Esmans Eddy L. , Newton Russell P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractModified nucleosides in the urine have been postulated to be diagnostic indices of disease, particularly of cancer. The urine of a patient with terminal head and neck cancer has been found to contain a modified nucleoside with a protonated molecule of m/z 228. By means of high‐performance liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC/ITMS) and capillary liquid chromatography/triple quadruple mass spectrometry (CapLC/TQMS) we have identified the compound as 5′‐deoxycytidine. This is the first report of 5′‐deoxycytidine in man: in addition to the elucidation of its structure, its possible origins and the potential significance of its occurrence are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of soluble oligomers produced by electrochemical oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine by electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry
Authors: Losito Ilario , Cioffi Nicola , Vitale Maria Pia , Palmisano Francesco 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSoluble species generated during the electropolymerization of o‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) on platinum electrodes in aqueous buffers at different pH values were investigated by electrospray ionization ion trap sequential mass spectrometry (ESI‐ITMSn). The main protonated molecules (MH+) detected in the full scan ESI‐MS spectra of the electrolytic solutions were isolated in the ion trap and sequentially fragmented (MSn, with n up to 5) to obtain fragmentation patterns. The latter led to hypotheses as to the molecular structures of the soluble products of o‐PD electropolymerization; it appeared that all of them are actually oligomeric species in different oxidation states. In particular, o‐PD dimers, trimers and tetramers could be identified and three common structural features were found, namely: the presence of phenazine, 1,4‐benzoquinonediimine, and secondary amine (acting as bridges between benzene rings) units. These findings are in agreement with those already reported for the surface structure of the polymeric films formed on the platinum electrodes during o‐PD polymerization, thus suggesting that a close relationship exists between the soluble oligomers and the polymer itself. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer in metabolite identification and bioanalysis
Authors: Xia Yuan‐Qing , Miller Jeffrey D. , Bakhtiar Ray , Franklin Ronald B. , Liu David Q. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA new type of quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer, Q TRAP™ LC/MS/MS system (Q TRAP™), was evaluated for its performance in two studies: firstly, the in vitro metabolism of gemfibrozil in human liver microsomes, and, secondly, the quantification of propranolol in rat plasma. With the built‐in information‐dependent‐acquisition (IDA) software, the instrument utilizes full scan MS in the ion trap mode and/or constant neutral loss scans as survey scans to trigger product ion scan (MS2) and MS3 experiments to obtain structural information of drug metabolites ‘on‐the‐fly’. Using this approach, five metabolites of gemfibrozil were detected in a single injection. This instrument combines some of the unique features of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, such as constant neutral loss scan, precursor ion scan and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), together with the capability of a three‐dimensional ion trap. Therefore, it becomes a powerful instrument for metabolite identification. The fast duty cycle in the ion trap mode allows the use of full product ion scan for quantification. For the quantification of propranolol, both MRM mode and full product ion scan in the ion trap mode were employed. Similar sensitivity, reproducibility and linearity values were established using these two approaches. The use of the product ion scan mode for quantification provided a convenient tool in selecting transitions for improving selectivity during the method development stage. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica‐based monoliths for rapid peptide screening by capillary liquid chromatography hyphenated with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Leinweber Felix C. , Schmid Dietmar G. , Lubda Dieter , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz , Jung Günther , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: May 2003

AbstractCapillary liquid chromatography based on particulate and monolithic stationary phases was used to screen complex peptide libraries by fast gradient elution coupled on‐line to electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI‐FTICRMS). A slightly modified commercial electrospray interface consisting of a fused‐silica transfer capillary and low dead volume stainless steel union at which the electrospray voltage was grounded enabled the effluent of all the capillary columns to be directly sprayed into the mass spectrometer. Stable electrospray conditions were generated over a wide range of mobile phase compositions, alleviating the need for a tapered end of the spray capillary, pneumatic assistance or preheated nebulizer gas. Since the identification of complex samples containing numerous isobaric substances is facilitated by chromatographic separation prior to mass spectrometry, stationary phase materials have been employed which offer a fast, efficient elution and, due to the complexity of samples, a high loading capacity. Silica‐based monolithic capillary columns combine these three characteristics in a unique manner due to a tailored adjustment of both macro‐ and mesopore sizes in the highly porous silica structure. As we demonstrate by a comparative study of the silica‐based monolithic and packed capillaries for LC/MS analysis of complex peptide libraries, silica monoliths show superior performance over packed beds of small‐diameter particles with respect to analysis time and separation efficiency. Libraries with more than 1000 different peptides could be screened in less than 20 min. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of different ceramide species from crude cellular extracts by normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Pettus Benjamin J. , Bielawska Alicia , Kroesen Bart‐Jan , Moeller Peter D. R. , Szulc Zdzislaw M. , Hannun Yusuf A. , Busman Mark 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNormal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (NP‐HPLC) coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI‐MS) allows qualitative analysis of endogenous ceramide and dihydroceramide species from crude lipid extracts utilizing chromatographic methods readily adaptable from commonly used thin layer chromatography (TLC) conditions. Qualitative information for the species comes from observation of differences in chromatographic and mass spectrometric behavior between species. Application to the analysis of ceramide and dihydroceramide from various cell lines is demonstrated. The results show the species profile in each cell line to be unique despite growth under identical conditions. The results from APCI‐MS analysis corroborate and enhance information acquired from use of the diacylglycerol kinase assay for total ceramide measurement. This technique readily allows the previously difficult distinction between ceramide and dihydroceramide species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematics of Robot Fingers with Circular Rolling Contact Joints
Authors: Collins Curtis L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the kinematics of robot fingers that use RR subassemblies coupled by rolling contact to provide versatile one degree‐of‐freedom mechanical joints. A three degree‐of‐freedom robot finger constructed with these joints is a 6R planar chain with the R‐joints coupled together in pairs. The focus is on coupling based on pure rolling of circular cylinders which can be realized by friction contact, gearing, or cable tendons. We derive the forward, inverse and rate kinematics for this 3(RR) open chain. We then focus on the two degree‐of‐freedom 2(RR) case to illustrate the geometry of the system. An example design of a robot finger that incorporates these joints in order to provide compact movement is provided. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Family of Symmetrical Lower‐Mobility Parallel Mechanisms with Spherical and Parallel Subchains
Authors: Li Q. C. , Huang Z. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a new family of symmetrical lower‐mobility parallel mechanisms (PMs) with spherical and parallel subchains, which consists of two 5‐DOF (degrees of freedom) PMs, one 4‐DOF PM and five 3‐DOF PMs. The basic feature of this family is that each limb consists of five revolute pairs and can be constructed with two subchains, a 2R pointing subchain and a 3R parallel subchain, or a 3R spherical subchain and a 2R parallel subchain. Different geometrical arrangements of the limbs lead to different degrees of freedom. All the PMs of this family can be modularized easily due to the simple structure of the subchains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Image processing technique using band splitting in the Fresnel transformed signal domain
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Yamada Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThere are two methods for solving the Fresnel transform formula using Fourier transforms, one of which uses the Fourier transform once and the other uses it twice. When Fresnel transformed signal of an image is calculated using the inverse algorithm of the latter Fresnel transform method and then the Fresnel transform is calculated by the former Fresnel transform method, the image can be scaled by an arbitrary rate. When the image is down scaled, an alias signal produced in the calculation of the discrete Fresnel transform appears as edge component of the image having high‐frequency components of the original image. The images corresponding to each hand of the Fresnel transformed signal are reconstructed in a different region of the reconstructed image domain like the wavelet‐based multiresolution image analysis. In this paper, the authors describe the band splitting effect due to the Fresnel transforms and compare its characteristics with those of a wavelet image analysis. Also, as an image processing application, the authors performed image sharpening processing for enhancing the signal of the high‐frequency region while suppressing noise. The results confirmed that favorable effects are obtained which are similar to those obtained for wavelets. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(8): 51–61, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10290