bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a social and environmental determinants of health informatics maturity model
Authors: Espinoza Juan C. , Sehgal Shruti , Phuong Jimmy , Bahroos Neil , Starren Justin , Wilcox Adam , Meeker Daniella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Integrating social and environmental determinants of health (SEDoH) into enterprise-wide clinical workflows and decision-making is one of the most important and challenging aspects of improving health equity. We engaged domain experts to develop a SEDoH informatics maturity model (SIMM) to help guide organizations to address technical, operational, and policy gaps.

Methods:
We established a core expert group consisting of developers, informaticists, and subject matter experts to identify different SIMM domains and define maturity levels. The candidate model (v0.9) was evaluated by 15 informaticists at a Center for Data to Health community meeting. After incorporating feedback, a second evaluation round for v1.0 collected feedback and self-assessments from 35 respondents from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, the Center for Leading Innovation and Collaboration’s Informatics Enterprise Committee, and a publicly available online self-assessment tool.

Results:
We developed a SIMM comprising seven maturity levels across five domains: data collection policies, data collection methods and technologies, technology platforms for analysis and visualization, analytics capacity, and operational and strategic impact. The evaluation demonstrated relatively high maturity in analytics and technological capacity, but more moderate maturity in operational and strategic impact among academic medical centers. Changes made to the tool in between rounds improved its ability to discriminate between intermediate maturity levels.

Conclusion:
The SIMM can help organizations identify current gaps and next steps in improving SEDoH informatics. Improving the collection and use of SEDoH data is one important component of addressing health inequities.
Hospital Performance Evaluation Checklist in Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: Design and Validation
Authors: Salarvand Abbas , Khoshvaghti Amir , Sharififar Simintaj , Jame Sanaz Zargar Balaye , Markazi-moghaddam Nader , Zareiyan Armin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Around the world, pandemics have been considered among the main hazards in the last 2 decades. Hospitals are 1 of the most important organizations responding to pandemics. The aim of this study was to design and develop a valid checklist for evaluating the hospitals’ performance in response to COVID-19 pandemic, for the first time.

Methods:
This study is a mixed method research design that began in February, 2020 and was conducted in 3 phases: Designing a conceptual model, designing a primary checklist structure, and checklist psychometric evaluation. Known-groups method has been used to evaluate construct validity. Two groups of hospitals were compared: group A (COVID-19 Hospitals) and group B (the other hospitals).

Results:
The checklist’s main structure was designed with 6 main domains, 23 sub-domains, and 152 items. The content validity ratio and index were 0.94 and 0.79 respectively. Eleven items were added, 106 items were removed, and 40 items were edited. Independent t-test showed a significant difference between the scores of the 2 groups of hospitals (P < 0.0001). Pearson correlation coefficient test also showed a high correlation between our checklist and the other. The internal consistency of the checklist was 0.98 according to Cronbach’s alpha test.

Conclusions:
Evaluating the hospitals’ performance and identifying their strengths and weaknesses, can help health system policymakers and hospital managers, and leads to improved performance in response to COVID-19.
Two-variable fibrations, factorisation systems and -categories of spans
Authors: Haugseng Rune , Hebestreit Fabian , Linskens Sil , Nuiten Joost 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We prove a universal property for

$\infty $

-categories of spans in the generality of Barwick’s adequate triples, explicitly describe the cocartesian fibration corresponding to the span functor, and show that the latter restricts to a self-equivalence on the class of orthogonal adequate triples, which we introduce for this purpose.
As applications of the machinery we develop, we give a quick proof of Barwick’s unfurling theorem, show that an orthogonal factorisation system arises from a cartesian fibration if and only if it forms an adequate triple (generalising work of Lanari), extend the description of dual (co)cartesian fibrations by Barwick, Glasman and Nardin to two-variable fibrations, explicitly describe parametrised adjoints (extending work of Torii), identify the orthofibration classifying the mapping category functor of an

$(\infty ,2)$

-category (building on work of Abellán García and Stern), formally identify the unstraightenings of the identity functor on the

$\infty $

-category of

$\infty $

-categories with the (op)lax under-categories of a point, and deduce a certain naturality property of the Yoneda embedding (answering a question of Clausen).
Creating a Feminist Religious Counterpublic: RLDS Feminists and Women's Ordination Advocacy in America, 1970–1985
Authors: Howlett David , Ross Nancy 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe 1970s witnessed an efflorescence of religious feminism in the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, particularly around the issue of women's ordination. We pose a model for understanding this development—the formation of publics/counterpublics—and explore how it illuminates our case study. Drawing upon oral history interviews and archival sources, we document how RLDS women created independent publications, grassroots consciousness-raising groups, feminist classes and conferences, and Women-Church–inspired worship to reimagine priesthood within their church. We conclude that the lens of a counterpublic offers a capacious view of our topic, one capable of integrating both social movement theory and network theory. Furthermore, we suggest that the RLDS example featured in this essay is simply a manifestation of a larger late twentieth-century American “feminist religious counterpublic” formed across many religious denominations and groups that held a shared feminist social imaginary.
Expanding the scope of grammatical variation: towards a comprehensive account of genitive variation across registers
Authors: BIBER DOUGLAS , SZMRECSANYI BENEDIKT , REPPEN RANDI , LARSSON TOVE 
Published: December 2023

Most studies of genitive variation in English have considered only the choice of two variants ('s versus of), based on analysis of only tokens that are judged to be interchangeable. We argue in the present article that research on genitive variation can be usefully extended in both respects: including premodifying nouns as a third variant; and attempting to account for all tokens of the genitive. In addition, we extend the scope of analysis to explore the possibility of contextual constraints having different importance in different registers.First, we carry out a text-linguistic analysis comparing the rates of genitive variants in texts from three registers (conversation, newspaper reports, academic articles), showing that genitives overall are much more frequent in written registers, with the premodifying noun variant being especially frequent. Then, a variationist analysis is undertaken to account for the choice of genitive variant in particular contexts and registers. A total of 3,425 genitive tokens were coded for ten contextual characteristics (e.g. length of the Modifying NP, semantic category of the Modifying noun and the Head noun, final sibilancy of the Modifying noun). Statistical analyses with random forests and conditional inference trees are triangulated, showing how contextual factors interact in predicting the use of each genitive variant – and how patterns of variation differ across registers.
Cylindrical conformation and miniaturization of cavity-backed magnetoelectric antenna with an outer Γ-shaped probe
Authors: Causse Alexandre , Bernard Loïc , Collardey Sylvain , Sharaiha Ala 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, the cylindrical conformation of a linearly polarized cavity-backed magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is studied. Starting from a planar ME antenna presenting a wide bandwidth due to a specific design of its feeding probe, the impact of conformation is shown; the coupling between the ME dipole and the cavity walls is demonstrated to be the key element to keep a wideband behavior. Conformal antennas offering the same impedance bandwidth as the planar antenna are presented operating at Global Navigation Satellite System frequencies (1.164–1.61 GHz). As a result of the conformation, the antenna size has to be reduced to maintain the coupling and a wideband behavior. A prototype conformed to a 44-mm radius cylinder was built using low-cost additive manufacturing. External dimensions of 62 × 62 × 35 mm3 (0.285 × 0.285 × 0.16λ03, where λ0 is the wavelength at 1.38 GHz) were obtained, showing a ground plane area reduction of 46% compared to the planar antenna with the same materials. The conformal antenna also exhibits very steady radiation properties with a gain of around 4.5 dBi and a very similar and stable 3 dB beamwidth around 113° in E- and H-planes. A relatively good agreement is found between measurements and simulation.
First Break Traveltime Picking Using Unsupervised Machine Learning and Super‐Virtual Refraction Interferometry
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Hanafy Sherif M. , Shafiq Saifullah , Al‐Shuhail Abdullatif , Waheed Umair Bin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn accurate and trustworthy first break picking plays a key role in static correction calculations, velocity analysis, and deconvolution. First break traveltimes picking accuracy ensures correct and reliable seismic data processing results. Many methods are available to perform the first break pickings automatically. Most of these methods, however, are not robust when there is a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). In this study, to automatically determine the traveltimes of the first arrivals, we used the density‐based spatial clustering application with noise (DBSCAN) and the super‐virtual refraction interferometry (SVI). In the case of noisy data, using only DBSCAN for first break picking shows poor accuracy. To deal with this issue, SVI is employed to improve the SNR of the data, and then DBSCAN is applied again to the enhanced data for accurate picking. In the first step, DBSCAN is used to define a muting window for SVI. In the second step, SVI is employed to improve the first arrival SNR. In the third step, DBSCAN is applied to determine the final first arrival traveltime. The proposed approach is tested on synthetic and field data sets, where the manual and the cross‐correlation pickings are compared to the DBSCAN automatic pickings. We further test the proposed approach on a publicly available data set to benchmark our technique for first‐break accuracy with other established methods. Results show that the first arrival traveltime picks using the proposed approach are very accurate compared to manual picking.
Effects of Global Dust Storms on Water Vapor in the Southern Polar Region of Mars
Authors: Pankine Alexey A. , Leung Cecilia , Tamppari Leslie , Martinez German , Giuranna Marco , Piqueux Sylvain , Smith Michael , Trokhimovskiy Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMartian global dust storms (GDS) can significantly affect the water cycle in the lower atmosphere (0−40 km). We compare the evolution of water vapor abundances, dust opacity and surface temperatures in the Southern Polar Region (SPR) during GDS years of MY25, MY28, and MY34 relative to years without GDS. During all GDS years, the vapor abundances decrease in the lower atmosphere in the SPR following the storm. Our results suggest that this decrease could be the result of disruption of the southward transport of vapor by atmospheric circulation. Alternatively, the decrease in vapor abundances could be caused by decreased desorption of vapor from the subsurface.
Soil Moisture Rather Than Atmospheric Dryness Dominates CO2 Uptake in an Alpine Steppe
Authors: Tao Jing , Wei Da , Qi Yahui , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Hua Liqin , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) has the largest area of alpine grasslands in the world. Among the various grassland types, alpine steppe covers 72 million hectares in the central–western TP, where the climate is even drier than in other alpine ecosystems. Rapid climate warming (0.34°C per decade) since the 1970s has caused significant atmospheric dryness—that is, an increase in the vapor pressure deficit—despite increases in both precipitation and soil moisture on the TP. However, it remains controversial whether the availability of atmospheric or soil moisture has a stronger role in the growth of vegetation. We used eddy covariance to measure the CO2 fluxes in a grazed alpine steppe over three consecutive years. Our results showed that the alpine steppe acted as a net CO2 sink of 47.9–72.7 g C m−2 yr−1 despite significant grazing. The CO2 fluxes showed a clear seasonal pattern, largely regulated by climate factors, although human activities were also documented. The soil moisture content dominated the seasonal variation in the net ecosystem productivity: the importance of soil moisture to the net ecosystem productivity was 49.0%, whereas the importance of the vapor pressure deficit was 36.5%. We found that the surface soil moisture, rather than the water content of soil layers deeper than 10 cm, affected the net CO2 uptake more strongly, although its role may have been affected by intense rainfall. This study emphasizes that the availability of surface soil water rather than atmospheric dryness regulates CO2 uptake in alpine steppe ecosystems, suggesting that a warming–wetting climate will favor the net uptake of CO2 by alpine steppes.
Discovery of an Active Forearc Fault in an Urban Region: Holocene Rupture on the XEOLXELEK‐Elk Lake Fault, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Harrichhausen Nicolas , Finley Theron , Morell Kristin D. , Regalla Christine , Bennett Scott E. K. , Leonard Lucinda J. , Nissen Edwin , McLeod Eleanor , Lynch Emerson M. , Salomon Guy , Sethanant Israporn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubduction forearcs are subject to seismic hazard from upper plate faults that are often invisible to instrumental monitoring networks. Identifying active faults in forearcs therefore requires integration of geomorphic, geologic, and paleoseismic data. We demonstrate the utility of a combined approach in a densely populated region of Vancouver Island, Canada, by combining remote sensing, historical imagery, field investigations, and shallow geophysical surveys to identify a previously unrecognized active fault, the XEOLXELEK‐Elk Lake fault, in the northern Cascadia forearc, ∼10 km north of the city of Victoria. Lidar‐derived digital terrain models and historical air photos show a ∼2.5‐m‐high scarp along the surface of a Quaternary drumlinoid ridge. Paleoseismic trenching and electrical resistivity tomography surveys across the scarp reveal a single reverse‐slip earthquake produced a fault‐propagation fold above a blind southwest‐dipping fault. Five geologically plausible chronological models of radiocarbon dated charcoal constrain the likely earthquake age to between 4.7 and 2.3 ka. Fault‐propagation fold modeling indicates ∼3.2 m of reverse slip on a blind, 50° southwest‐dipping fault can reproduce the observed deformation. Fault scaling relations suggest a M 6.1–7.6 earthquake with a 13 to 73‐km‐long surface rupture and 2.3–3.2 m of dip slip may be responsible for the deformation observed in the paleoseismic trench. An earthquake near this magnitude in Greater Victoria could result in major damage, and our results highlight the importance of augmenting instrumental monitoring networks with remote sensing and field studies to identify and characterize active faults in similarily challenging environments.
Asymmetric Dependence in Hydrological Extremes
Authors: Deidda Cristina , Engelke Sebastian , De Michele Carlo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtremal dependence describes the strength of correlation between the largest observations of two variables. It is usually measured with symmetric dependence coefficients that do not depend on the order of the variables. In many cases, there is a natural asymmetry between extreme observations that cannot be captured by such coefficients. An example for such asymmetry is large discharges at an upstream and a downstream stations on a river network: an extreme discharge at the upstream station will directly influence the discharge at the downstream station, but not vice versa. Simple measures for asymmetric dependence in extreme events have not yet been investigated. We propose the asymmetric tail Kendall's τ as a measure for extremal dependence that is sensitive to asymmetric behavior in the largest observations. It essentially computes the classical Kendall's τ but conditioned on the extreme observations of one of the two variables. We show theoretical properties of this new coefficient and derive a formula to compute it for existing copula models. We further study its effectiveness and connections to causality in simulation experiments. We apply our methodology to a case study on river networks in the United Kingdom to illustrate the importance of measuring asymmetric extremal dependence in hydrology. Our results show that there is important structural information in the asymmetry that would have been missed by a symmetric measure. Our methodology is an easy but effective tool that can be applied in exploratory analysis for understanding the connections among variables and to detect possible asymmetric dependencies.
Psychometric Properties of the Weekly Assessment of Child Behavior Forms in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Bailin Abby , Niu Luping , Egger Dominique , Bearman Sarah Kate 
Published: December 2023

Objective: Disruptive behavior problems make up the largest proportion of diagnosed disorders in children. Rates of these problems are higher in primary care clinics serving children from urban, low-income, and racial/ethnic minority communities. Primary care clinics provide an optimal setting for screening and assessment of disruptive behavior issues; however, many instruments may be challenging to implement in the context of primary care. Method: The current study examines the psychometric properties of the Weekly Assessment of Child Behavior (WACB) forms (positive and negative) with a nonclinical sample in Federally Qualified Health Centers collected from caregivers of children ages 2–12 ( N = 156) who presented to their routine well-child visits. Results: The WACB-P and the WACB-N both demonstrated high internal reliability and moderate test–retest reliability, as well as strong convergent validity with an established measure of child behavior problems. The item response theory (IRT) paradigm revealed that the WACB-Positive Intensity scale had a better item fit overall compared to the WACB-Negative Intensity scale. In general, both scales were found to more accurately measure the children who exhibit more problematic behaviors. Conclusions: Results suggest that both WACB scales may be helpful in identifying children in the primary care setting who are at risk for or are experiencing behavioral problems. Implications for Impact Statement This study provides psychometric evidence for the utility of a brief and free measure—the Weekly Assessment of Child Behavior—in screening and assessing disruptive behavior issues in young children in the pediatric primary care setting.
Behavioral Treatment of Pica in a Child With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Thomas Benjamin R. , Bali Diksha , O’Connor Julia T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have the highest population risk for pica, a dangerous feeding disorder that involves consuming nonnutritive and nonfood items. There are currently no evidence-based treatments for pica in children with SCD. This study describes an applied behavior analysis (ABA) treatment of pica in a child with SCD and autism spectrum disorder. Method: A pretreatment functional analysis revealed the child’s pica was maintained by automatic reinforcement (i.e., nonsocial consequences). The final behavioral treatment involved differential reinforcement of discarding pica items, communication, response interruption and redirection, and response cost. Results: Treatment resulted in near zero pica that was maintained across months of follow-up, new contexts, and with minimal supervision. Additionally, parents continued implementing the treatment with high integrity and reported satisfaction with the process. Conclusions: Results indicate the potential effectiveness of evidenced-based ABA methods in treating pica in SCD, and suggest treatment referrals to licensed professionals with Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA or BCBA-D) credential or similar ABA experience. Implications for Impact Statement Pica is a dangerous behavior frequently occuring in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). There is minimal published literature to guide treatments for this population. The prevalence of SCD is higher in children of color. Adding to the existing literature to guide treatment could help with greater healthcare equity among racially minoritized children. This case report describes the successful use of applied behavior analysis procedures to support parents in treating pica in a young child with SCD and autism spectrum disorder.
Controlled formation of gold nanoparticles with tunable plasmonic properties in tellurite glass
Authors: Wei Yunle , Zhao Jiangbo , Fuhrmann Sindy , Sajzew Roman , Wondraczek Lothar , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilicate glasses with metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been of intense interest in art, science and technology as the plasmonic properties of these NPs equip glass with light modulation capability. The so-called striking technique has enabled precise control of the in situ formation of metallic NPs in silicate glasses for applications from coloured glasses to photonic devices. Since tellurite glasses exhibit the unique combination of comparably easy fabrication, low phonon energy, wide transmission window and high solubility of luminescent rare earth ions, there has been a significant amount of work over the past two decades to adapt the striking technique to form gold or silver NPs in tellurite glasses. Despite this effort, the striking technique has remained insufficient for tellurite glasses to form metal NPs suitable for photonic applications. Here, we first uncover the challenges of the traditional striking technique to create gold NPs in tellurite glass. Then, we demonstrate precise control of the size and concentration of gold NPs in tellurite glass by developing new approaches to both steps of the striking technique: a controlled gold crucible corrosion technique to incorporate gold ions in tellurite glass and a glass powder reheating technique to subsequently transform the gold ions to gold NPs. Using the Mie theory, the size, size distribution and concentration of the gold NPs formed in tellurite glass are determined from the plasmonic properties of the NPs. This fundamental research provides guidance for designing and manipulating the plasmonic properties in tellurite glass for photonics research and applications.