bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐Intercalation of Zn Ions to Enlarge and Stabilize Hierarchical Structure of ZnxMn1‐xSe Cathode for Flexible Zn‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Fang Cuiqin , Xu Bingang , Han Jing , Liu Xinlong , Gao Yuanyuan , Huang Junxian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZn‐ion capacitors (ZICs) assembled from cathodes with diffusion‐controlled behaviors and capacitive anodes have attracted increasing interest thanks to their satisfactory and balanced energy and power densities. However, currently, only two cathode materials of this type, MnO2 and V2O5, are applied to ZICs. MnSe is increasingly being reported to exhibit diffusion‐controlled characteristics in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, yet its insufficient interlayer spacing and unstable structure lead to poor energy storage capacity. Herein, ZnxMn1‐xSe microflowers with nanosheets can be in situ pre‐intercalated with Zn ions to enlarge and stabilize the interlayer spacing of hierarchical porous structure, demonstrating to be a superior cathode for ZICs. During the charging/discharging process of Zn0.14Mn0.86Se electrode, a redox couple at ≈0.6/0.3 V on cyclic voltammetry profile, and a potential plateau appearing at ≈0.2 V on discharge curve is detected, corresponding to the insertion/extraction of Zn ions. Thus, a long discharge time realizes on the discharge curve of flexible ZIC assembled from polyacrylamide gel electrolyte and activated carbon anode, achieving a superb areal capacitance of 2,038.2 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. This work offers an exemplary effort to unlock fresh cathodes for ZICs.
Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Adugna Adane , Muche Yalew , Jemal Mohammed , Habtegiorgis Samuel Derbie , Belew Habtamu , Azanaw Amare Gashaw 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide and poses a severe threat to public health. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockers has improved the outlook for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. For the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC, antibodies such as anti‐programmed death 1 (anti‐PD1), anti‐programmed death ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1), and anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (anti‐CTLA‐4) are of paramount importance. Anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody therapies are used to block the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway and identify cancerous cells to the body's defenses. Antibodies directed against CTLA‐4 (anti‐CTLA‐4) have also been shown to improve survival rates in patients with NSCLC. Currently, other immunotherapy approaches like neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (NAICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapies are applied in NSCLC patients. NAICIs are used for resectable and early stage NSCLC and CAR‐T is used to find more useful epitope sites for lung tumors and destroy cancer cells. A patient's gut microbiota might influence how their immune system reacts to NSCLC immunotherapy. The majority of intestinal microbes stimulate helper/cytotoxic T cells, induce natural killer (NK) cells, activate various toll‐like receptors (TLR), build up cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), increase PD‐1 production, and attract chemokine receptors towards cancer cells. Thus, they serve as immune inducers in NSCLC immunotherapy. Nonetheless, certain bacteria can function as immune suppressors by inhibiting DC proliferation, stopping CD28 trafficking, restoring CD80/CD86, increasing immunological tolerance, and upsetting Th17 cells. Therefore, they are prevalent in non‐responders with NSCLC immunotherapy.
Multi‐disciplinary surveys reveal a small subpopulation of Hector's dolphins is frequently exposed to the risk of bycatch
Authors: Williams Hannah , Dawson Steve , Bennington Steph , Rayment William J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) is an endangered species endemic to the coastal waters of Aotearoa New Zealand. To address the unsustainable bycatch of Hector's dolphins, restrictions on commercial gillnetting within 4 nautical miles of the coast were implemented in 2008, covering most of the South Island's east and south coasts.
A small subpopulation of Hector's dolphins, estimated at 42 (95% CI: 19–92) in 2012, is located off Dunedin, on the south‐east coast of the South Island. It is known from other locations that Hector's dolphins are distributed well beyond 4 nautical miles from the coast and hence are vulnerable to ongoing gillnetting.
In this study, a combination of boat‐based surveys, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) and analysis of fishing effort were used to generate an up‐to‐date abundance estimate for Hector's dolphins off Dunedin and assess their vulnerability to commercial fishing. In the summer of 2021, abundance was estimated at 41 individuals (95% CI = 31–54), providing no evidence for population change since 2012.
Analysis of visual sighting data indicated ongoing overlap between Hector's dolphins and commercial fishing effort. Using PAM, Hector's dolphins were detected on 94% of days at a location approximately 0.3 nautical miles from the coast, suggesting that shallow waters provide critical habitat for these dolphins year‐round. At an offshore mooring, approximately 4.5 nautical miles from the coast and therefore outside the area in which gillnetting is prohibited, detections were made on 35% of days, indicating potential for direct overlap with commercial fisheries.
The inherent vulnerability of small populations to extinction highlights the need to take a precautionary approach to the management of Dunedin's Hector's dolphins if population recovery is to be facilitated.
Enhanced memory and hippocampal connectivity in humans 2 days after brief resistance exercise
Authors: Hashimoto Teruo , Hotta Rikimasa , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionExercise has significant health benefits and can enhance learning. A single bout of high‐intensity resistance training may be sufficient to improve memory. This study aimed to assess memory enhancement by a single bout of high‐intensity resistance training and to examine the neural underpinnings using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsSixty young adults (34 men and 26 women), divided into the training and control groups, participated. The first session included verbal memory recall tests (cued‐ and free‐recall), resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI), and a single‐bout high‐intensity resistance training for the training group. Two days later, they underwent post‐intervention memory tests and rs‐fMRI. The study design was 2 groups × 2 sessions for memory tests, and within training group comparisons for rs‐fMRI.ResultsCompared to the control group without resistance training, the training group showed higher cued‐recall performance 2 days after the brief resistance training (training: +0.27, control: −0.13, interaction: p = .01), and their free‐recall scores were associated with enhanced left posterior hippocampal connectivity (r = .64, p < .001).ConclusionsThese results suggest that brief high‐intensity resistance exercise/strength training could enhance memory without repeated exercising. The quick effect of resistance training on memory and hippocampal connectivity could be revealed. A focused and one‐shot exercise may be sufficient to enhance memory performance and neural plasticity in a few days.
Calcined schist as promising ordinary Portland cement substitution: C3
Authors: Mokhtari Pozhhan , Hassannezhad Kosar , Parapari Sorour Semsari , Akyol Yasemin , Gülgün Mehmet Ali , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn effective method to make cement and concrete more sustainable is to blend them with the proper supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study evaluates a pair of schist‐type materials with slightly different phase compositions, as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Materials received from several mines in ground powder form were studied by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy. According to the TGA results, the activation procedures for the candidate SCMs were determined. The as‐received powders were heat treated in three different decomposition regimes (30%, 50%, and 80% of the total weight losses during thermal decomposition). These regimes corresponded to the activation level of the potential SCMs due to the de‐hydroxylation of the clay‐type minerals within them. Pozzolanic reactivity (pozzolanicity) of untreated as well as treated powders were estimated via electrical conductivity measurements in saturated calcium hydroxide solution. Blended cement pastes with 30 wt.% of OPC substituted with calcined clay‐type materials have developed mechanical properties equal to those of pure cement (100 wt.% OPC) paste after 28 days of hydration time. Two blended cement pastes prepared with candidate SCMs were compared to 100% OPC and OPC composite paste with metakaolin, which is regarded in the literature as a standard.
Numerical modeling and statistical analysis of the effect of thermomechanical properties on residual stresses in feldspar‐based ceramic materials after thermal tempering
Authors: Dal Bó Marcelo , Hotza Dachamir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the investigation of the impact of the thermomechanical properties of ceramic materials on residual stresses generated after the thermal tempering process. A sodium feldspar matrix was chosen for numerical simulations, with variations in its thermomechanical properties of up to ± 20%, to encompass a range of properties exhibited by other ceramic materials. The simulations demonstrated that the viscosity of the material had the most significant influence on residual stress generation, while the coefficient of thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity, and effective diffusivity also contributed to residual stress formation. A statistical analysis based on a 24 factorial design revealed that increasing residual compressive stress on the surface was achievable by increasing the coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity, as well as the viscosity, while reducing the effective thermal diffusivity. Finally, a mathematical model was proposed to relate the thermomechanical properties of the ceramic material to the residual stresses observed on the surface following thermal tempering.
A multimedia learning environment on alternative aviation fuels from the Fischer‐Tropsch‐synthesis
Authors: Janssen Nils , Krause Moritz , Eilks Ingo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDer Klimawandel verändert das Leben der Menschen auf der Erde. Um diese Auswirkungen zu begrenzen, hat die Politik verschiedenste Maßnahmen beschlossen. Unter anderem sollen die Treibhausgasemissionen im Verkehrssektor reduziert werden. Hierzu steht eine Vielzahl an Technologien zur Verfügung. Eine Möglichkeit ist der Einsatz von Bio‐to‐Liquid‐ (auch Biomass‐to‐Liquid‐) und Power‐to‐Liquid‐Kraftstoffen aus der Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese. Die hier vorgeschlagene Lernumgebung bietet die Möglichkeit, Lernenden die Technologie zur Herstellung dieser alternativen Kraftstoffe näher zu bringen. Zudem werden erste Erfahrungen aus dem Unterricht mit der Lernumgebung beschrieben.
First‐Principles Study of Carbon‐Substituted ZnO Monolayer for Adjusting Lithium Adsorption in Battery Application
Authors: Jonuarti Riri , Zulaehah Siti , Suwardy Joko , Marlina Resti , Suprijadi  , Kurniawan Robi , Darma Yudi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStructural stability, local density of states, bonding information, and charge distribution differences of C‐substituted ZnO (C/VZnxOy) monolayer structures, as well as their interactions with lithium atoms, are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The energy required to generate vacancies in pristine ZnO monolayers is considerably high, but since the C atoms are strongly adsorbed in the vacant sites, the energy required to form C/VZnxOy structures is reduced. These lattice substitutions cause an alteration of the Zn d‐states. The bonding analysis shows that the C−O interaction is stronger than the C−Zn interaction. So, it generates high stability for these structures. Furthermore, because the development of C/VZnxOy is aimed at lithium battery electrode applications, the most fundamental thing that needs to be examined initially is the interaction between the C/VZnxOy surfaces and the lithium atoms. Li3 strongly binds on all C/VZnxOy surfaces, and it turns to Li3+ based on a simple analysis of charge distribution differences. These findings will have a substantial impact on the future development of ZnO monolayers, and their potential as lithium battery electrodes can be studied further.
Energy‐efficient hybrid beamforming for millimeter‐wave‐based massive multiple‐input multiple‐output system
Authors: Biru Selam , Mishra Satyasis , Singh Ram Sewak , Chura Shanko , Satapathy Sunita 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe advanced wireless communication system requires abridged energy consumption, enhanced data rate, and good signal coverage. The massive MIMO technology for 5G systems has been developed to accommodate several users simultaneously with superior throughput. The claim for high data rate wireless communication services is expanding quickly as time goes. Thus, the key difficulty is that as the number of users grows, the number of phase shifters grows as well, causing the system to consume more power; as a result, the system's energy efficiency decreases. Hybrid beamforming has recently emerged as an attractive technique for millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communication systems. The analog beamformer in the RF domain and digital beamformer in the baseband are coupled through a minimal number of RF chains in hybrid beamforming architecture. Hybrid beamforming utilizes fewer RF (radio frequency) chains than the total number of antennas to have a lower energy consumption design. The hybrid beamforming for a mmWave‐based massive MIMO system through different phase shifter selection mechanisms is proposed to achieve the highest energy efficiency for mmWave communications systems. The fully connected with phase shifter selection, sub‐connected with phase shifter selection (SPSS), and fully connected and sub‐connected with phase shifter selection with halved and doubled switches are considered for this research. The simulation results show the SPSS with halved switch outperforms on energy efficiency.
A comprehensive review of specific activity and intrinsic connections of food‐derived bioactive peptides for human health
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Su Guowan , Zhang Lijun , Chen Jieqiong , Zhang Yehui , Liu Weifeng , Zhao Mouming , Zhang Jianan , Huang Qingrong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFood‐derived peptides have garnered significant attention in research due to their multifaceted functionalities, abundant availability, efficient utilization of agricultural by‐products, and environmentally sustainable preparation methods. These peptides play a crucial role in human health, yet their precise mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored, posing challenges in their screening, preparation, and effective application utilizing protein‐based raw materials. This review offers an extensive examination of 19 types of bioactive peptides derived from food. The sources of food‐derived bioactive peptides are well concluded and the classifications are made according to their potential health benefit based on five primary systems: general bodily functions, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the metabolic system, and the immune system. This review specifically highlights the multifaceted impacts of tasty peptides on human health, extending beyond their gustatory effects. Furthermore, it explores the interplay between various functions of bioactive peptides, noting a progression from basic to advanced functionalities. Antioxidant activity and the modulation of key enzymes are identified as fundamental actions that are interconnected with other functional properties. This implies that a single bioactive peptide could exhibit multiple beneficial effects. The key role of antioxidant capabilities is underscored based on their broad influence and straightforward assessment. This comprehensive analysis aims to deepen the systematic understanding of the diverse benefits offered by various food‐derived peptides.
Development of RP HPLC‐PDA method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of Inoscavin A and Meshimakobnol A and application on some Phellinus mushroom species
Authors: Le Anh Ngoc , Nguyen Tuan Ngoc , Dong Dao Thi Anh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhellinus igniarius, a medicinal mushroom containing many active ingredients with health benefits, can be applied in functional food. At present, the quantification of the main active ingredients from higher fungi (Ganoderma, Phellinus…) materials from different growing sources is a mandatory requirement to standardize the input resources of pharmaceutical and food production. Our study's aims are to perfect the RP HPLC‐PDA method for quantitative analysis of Inoscavin A and Meshimakobnol A which are two main active ingredients present in Phellinus mushroom. In this analytical method, a C18‐HPLC column and the mixture of methanol and formic acid solutions (pH = 2.2) are used to analyze and elute the active substances with the column activity parameters being the concentration gradient. This perfect method was tested for system suitability, repeatability, intermediate precision, recovery, and linear curve calibration to validate the method. After validation, the perfected RP HPLC‐PDA method was applied to analyze eight samples of Phellinus and three samples of Ganoderma mushroom category. This method can be the basis for classifying between Phellinus and some other medicinal mushrooms.
Maximum order size and market quality: Evidence from a natural experiment in commodity futures markets
Authors: Peng Kun , Hu Zhepeng , Robe Michel A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe exploit a 2018 exchange‐mandated increase of the maximum order size in some—but, crucially, not all—US agricultural futures markets, to link exogenous constraints on order placement and execution, price volatility, and market liquidity. The old maximum size of 2500 contracts was binding: demand exists for placing and executing much larger orders. Limit‐order book depth at the best bid and ask increases dramatically after the exchange quadruples the maximum order size. Amid relatively stable volatility, bid‐ask spreads narrow, and the price impact of large trades falls. In sum, we find that market quality can improve after an increase in maximum order and trade size.
Striving toward safe abortion services in Nepal: A review of barriers and facilitators
Authors: Atreya Alok , Adhikari Kishor , Nepal Samata , Bhusal Milan , Menezes Ritesh G. , Shrestha Dhan B. , Shrestha Deepak 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite the decriminalization of abortion in Nepal in 2002, unsafe abortion is still a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Nepal has witnessed a significant drop in abortion‐related severe complications and maternal deaths owing to the legalization of abortion laws, lowered financial costs, and wider accessibility of safe abortion services (SAS). However, various factors such as sociocultural beliefs, financial constraints, geographical difficulties, and stigma act as barriers to the liberal accessibility of SAS. This review aimed to determine key barriers obstructing women's access to lawful, safe abortion care and identify facilitators that have improved access to and quality of abortion services.MethodsA systematic search strategy utilizing the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase was used to include studies on the accessibility and safety of abortion services in Nepal. Data were extracted from included studies through close reading. Barriers and facilitators were then categorized into various themes and analyzed.ResultsOf 223 studies, 112 were duplicates, 73 did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 18 did not align with the research question; thus, 20 studies were included in the review. Various barriers to SAS in Nepal were categorized as economic, geographic, societal, legal/policy, socio‐cultural, health systems, and other factors. Facilitators improving access were categorized as economic/geographic/societal, legal/policy, socio‐cultural, and health systems factors. The patterns and trends of barriers and facilitators were analyzed, grouping them under legal/policy, socio‐cultural, geographic/accessibility, and health systems factors.ConclusionThe review identifies financial constraints, unfavorable geography, lack of infrastructure, and social stigmatization as major barriers to SAS. Economics and geography, legalization, improved access, reduced cost and active involvement of auxiliary nurse‐midwives and community health volunteers are key facilitators.
Light induced photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects in ferroelectric BaTiO3 film based Schottky interface for self‐powered and flexible multi‐modal logic gates
Authors: Dan Huiyu , Li Hongyu , Xu Lan , Guo Chong , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic logic gates have emerged as one of the key candidates for the creation of next generation logic devices. However, current optoelectronic logic gates can provide only one or two logic gates, severely limiting their applications. Here we report a self‐powered and mechanically flexible device based on a BaTiO3 ferroelectric film to produce multi‐modal logic gates. By exploiting the photo‐induced photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects of a Schottky junction which is created between BaTiO3 and LaNiO3, the device is able to provide five different optoelectronic logic gates, which can be operated using input lasers of different wavelength (405 or 785 nm). The mode of operation of the logic gate can be switched by controlling the wavelength and intensity of the input laser, where the switching process is both lossless and reversible. A logic gate array was designed to conduct the five logic operations, with 100% accuracy, thereby providing application potential for the Internet of Things, big data, and secure solutions for data processing and transmission.image
Helicobacter pylori and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children
Authors: Hardikar Winita , Feekery Colin , Smith Arnold , Oberklaid Frank , Grimwood Keith 
Published: February 2024

SummaryRecurrent abdominal pain is one of the most common presentations to pediatricians; yet an organic etiology can be found in only 10% of cases. Because infection with Helicobacter pylori in adults and children results in gastritis, a causative role for the organism has been postulated. To investigate this theory, we conducted a prospective case‐control study in children with recurrent abdominal pain using serum H. pylori IgG antibodies measured by an enzyme immunoabsorbent assay. Age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were adjusted in the statistical model. Five subjects (5.1%) and 14 controls (14.3%) had raised serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori (adjusted OR, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.05, 0.85). The negative association between H. pylori and recurrent abdominal pain indicates that this organism is unlikely to have an important etiologic role in this disorder.