bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The associative striatum: Organization of cortical projections to the dorsocentral striatum in rats
Authors: Reep Roger L. , Cheatwood Joseph L. , Corwin James V. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe dorsocentral striatum (DCS) is the major site of input from medial agranular cortex (AGm) and has been implicated as an associative striatal area that is part of a cortical‐subcortical circuit involved in multimodal spatial functions involving directed attention. Anterograde axonal tracing was used to investigate the spatial organization of corticostriatal projections to DCS. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine were made into several cortical areas known to project to DCS based on retrograde tracing data. These included areas AGm, lateral agranular cortex (AGl), orbital cortex, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and visual association cortex. We discovered a previously undescribed geometry whereby the projection from AGm is prominent within DCS and the main corticostriatal projections from areas other than AGm are situated around the periphery of DCS: visual association cortex dorsomedially, PPC dorsally, AGl laterally, and orbital cortex ventrally. Each of these cortical projections is also represented by less dense aggregates of terminal labeling within DCS, organized as focal patches and more diffuse labeling. Because these cortical areas are linked by corticocortical connections, the present findings indicate that interconnected cortical areas have convergent terminal fields in the region of DCS. These findings suggest that DCS is a central associative region of the dorsal striatum characterized by a high degree of corticostriatal convergence. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:271–292, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural localization of δ‐opioid receptors in the rat caudate‐putamen nucleus during postnatal development: Relation to synaptogenesis
Authors: Wang Hong , Cuzon Verginia C. , Pickel Virginia M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDuring development, δ‐opioid receptors (DORs) in the rat caudate‐putamen nucleus (CPN) appear later than μ‐opioid receptors (MORs), whose developmental pattern specifically relates to synaptogenesis. We used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to determine whether there are also age‐related changes in subcellular localization of DORs in the rat CPN. Sections from postnatal day (P) 0–P30 and adult dorsomedial CPN were immunogold‐silver labeled to examine the plasmalemmal and cytoplasmic distribution of these receptors. In addition, immunoperoxidase labeling was used to determine the numerical density of synapses relative to DOR‐labeled profiles. Immunolabeling for DOR was undetectable at P0, light at P5, and dense from P10 onward. The labeling during P5–P10 was mainly localized in somatodendritic profiles but also was readily seen in axon terminals, most of which formed asymmetric synapses with dendrites. From P15, a few immunogold particles were seen in contact with postsynaptic densities in spines, and the proportion of these particles significantly increased in P30 and adult CPN. Other particles were localized in the cytoplasm of dendrites and terminals without significant age‐related changes. Stereological analysis showed that compared with labeled dendritic shafts and spines, labeled axon terminals have a closer correlation with synapse formation. These results are in marked contrast with MORs, which show an age‐related increase in association with dendritic plasma membrane and a good correlation in the developmental pattern of MOR‐labeled spines with synapse formation (Wang et al. [2003] Neuroscience 118:695–708). Together, our results suggest receptor‐type specific roles for endogenous opioids acting at both pre‐ and postsynaptic sides in the developing CPN. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:343–353, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of restricted cochlear lesions in adult cats on the frequency organization of the inferior colliculus
Authors: Irvine Dexter R.F. , Rajan Ramesh , Smith Simon 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRestricted cochlear lesions in adult animals result in plastic changes in the representation of the lesioned cochlea, and thus in the frequency map, in the contralateral auditory cortex and thalamus. To examine the contribution of subthalamic changes to this reorganization, the effects of unilateral mechanical cochlear lesions on the frequency organization of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) were examined in adult cats. Lesions typically resulted in a broad high‐frequency hearing loss extending from a frequency in the range 15–22 kHz. After recovery periods of 2.5–18 months, the frequency organization of ICC contralateral to the lesioned cochlea was determined separately for the onset and late components of multiunit responses to tone‐burst stimuli. For the late response component in all but one penetration through the ICC, and for the onset response component in more than half of the penetrations, changes in frequency organization in the lesion projection zone were explicable as the residue of prelesion responses. In half of the penetrations exhibiting nonresidue type changes in onset‐response frequency organization, the changes appeared to reflect the unmasking of normally inhibited inputs. In the other half it was unclear whether the changes reflected unmasking or a dynamic process of reorganization. Thus, most of the observed changes were explicable as passive consequences of the lesion, and there was limited evidence for plasticity in the ICC. The implications of the data with respect to the primary locus of the changes and to the manner in which they contribute to thalamocortical reorganization are considered. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:354–374, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical evidence for nitric oxide‐ and carbon monoxide‐producing neurons in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Christie Andrew E. , Edwards John M. , Cherny Elena , Clason Todd A. , Graubard Katherine 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been shown to serve neuromodulatory roles in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we use antibodies to their respective biosynthetic enzymes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and heme oxygenase 2 (HO‐2), to map the distribution of putative gas‐producing neurons in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. In this species, NOS immunolabeling is found in the neuropil of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). This staining originates from two immunopositive axons that project to the STG through the superior oesophageal and stomatogastric nerves, presumably from cell bodies located in the commissural ganglia (CoGs). HO‐2 immunoreactivity is present in small diameter fibers and varicosities in the periphery of nerves located in the anterior portion of the STNS. This labeling originates from approximately 12 somata in each CoG. Transmission electron microscopy done on the nerves of the anterior STNS shows they contain a neuroendocrine plexus. Collectively, our results indicate that NO‐ and CO‐producing neurons are likely to exist in the crayfish STNS. Moreover, these gases appear to be produced by distinct subsets of the neurons present there. The localization of NO to the STG neuropil suggests that it serves as a locally released modulator or is involved in the local release of other substances within this ganglion. The presence of CO in the neurohemal plexus of the anterior STNS suggests that it serves as a circulating hormone or is involved in the control of neuroendocrine release from this plexus. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:293–306, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesothoracic ventral unpaired median (mesVUM) neurons in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala
Authors: Schlurmann Michael , Hausen Klaus 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe study describes five ventral unpaired median neurons in the mesothoracic neuromere of the fused thoracic ganglion of Calliphora identified by biocytin staining (mesVUM neurons). The group comprises four efferent neurons and one interneuron which are characterized by a common soma cluster in the ventral midline of the neuromere, bifurcating primary neurites and bilaterally symmetrical arborizations. Respective soma clusters of not‐yet‐identified VUM neurons were also found in the prothoracic, metathoracic, and abdominal neuromeres. The efferent mesVUM neurons are associated with the flight system. Their main arborizations are located in the mesothoracic wing neuropil and their bilateral axons terminate at the flight control muscles, the flight starter muscles, the flight power muscles, or at myocuticular junctions of the latter. In contrast, an association of the interneuron with a particular functional system is not apparent. The arborizations of the neuron are intersegmental and invade all thoracic neuromeres. A further difference between the two types of neurons regards their somatic action potentials, which are overshooting in the efferent neurons and strongly attenuated in the interneuron. Immunocytochemical stainings revealed four clusters of octopamine‐immunoreactive (OA‐IR) somata in the thoracic ganglion, which reside in the same positions as the VUM somata. We regard this as strong evidence that all groups of VUM neurons contain OA‐IR cells and that, in particular, the identified efferent mesVUM neurons are OA‐IR. Our results demonstrate that the mesVUM neurons of Calliphora have similar morphological, electrophysiological, and presumably also immunocytochemical characteristics as the unpaired median neurons of other insects. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:435–453, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Architectonics and cortical connections of the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: An analysis in the tangential plane
Authors: Padberg Jeffrey , Seltzer Ben , Cusick Catherine G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractArea TPO in the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of macaque monkeys is thought to correspond to the superior temporal polysensory (STP) cortex, but has been shown to have neurochemical/connectional subdivisions. To examine directly the relationship between chemoarchitecture and cortical connections of area TPO, the upper bank of the STS was sectioned tangential to the cortical surface. Three subdivisions of area TPO (TPOr, TPOi, and TPOc) were examined with cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry and neurofilament protein (NF) immunoreactivity and architectonic patterns were compared with connections on the same or adjacent sections. Area TPOc, which may partly overlap with the location of the medial superior temporal area MST, exhibited regular patchy staining for CO in layers III/IV and a complementary pattern in the NF stain. Area TPOr, but not TPOi, also had a patchy pattern of complementary staining in CO and neurofilament similar to TPOc, although not as distinct. Tracer injections within cortex including the frontal eye fields (areas 46 and 8) labeled areas TPOc, TPOi, and TPOr. The caudal inferior parietal lobule (IPL) projected to all three areas. The projections from prearcuate and posterior parietal cortices showed both overlap and nonoverlap with each other within TPOc, TPOi, and TPOr. Projections were to all neurochemical components within the subdivisions of TPO. The findings support the parcellation of area TPO into three subdivisions and extend findings of chemoarchitectonic modules within high‐order association cortices. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:418–434, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular GDNF delivery promotes growth of motor and dorsal column sensory axons after partial and complete spinal cord transections and induces remyelination
Authors: Blesch Armin , Tuszynski Mark H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the prototypical member of a growth factor family that signals via the cognate receptors ret and GDNF‐receptor alpha‐1. The latter receptors are expressed on a variety of neurons that project into the spinal cord, including supraspinal neurons, dorsal root ganglia, and local neurons. Although effects of GDNF on neuronal survival in the brain have previously been reported, GDNF effects on injured axons of the adult spinal cord have not been investigated. Using an ex vivo gene delivery approach that provides both trophic support and a cellular substrate for axonal growth, we implanted primary fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete GDNF into complete and partial mid‐thoracic spinal cord transection sites. Compared to recipients of control grafts expressing a reporter gene, GDNF‐expressing grafts promoted significant regeneration of several spinal systems, including dorsal column sensory, regionally projecting propriospinal, and local motor axons. Local GDNF expression also induced Schwann cell migration to the lesion site, leading to remyelination of regenerating axons. Thus, GDNF exerts tropic effects on adult spinal axons and Schwann cells that contribute to axon growth after injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:403–417, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological analysis of the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated cation channel 1 (HCN1) immunoreactive bipolar cells in the rabbit retina
Authors: Kim In‐Beom , Lee Eun‐Jin , Kang Tae‐Hoon , Chung Jin‐Woong , Chun Myung‐Hoon 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHyperpolarization‐activated cation currents (Ih) have been identified in neurons in the central nervous system, including the retina. There is growing evidence that these currents, mediated by the hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated cation channel (HCN), may play important roles in visual processing in the retina. This study was conducted to identify and characterize HCN1‐immunoreactive (IR) bipolar cells by immunocytochemistry, quantitative analysis, and electron microscopy. The HCN1‐IR bipolar cells were a subtype of OFF‐type cone bipolar cells and comprised 10% of the total number of cone bipolar cells. The axons of the HCN1‐IR cone bipolar cells ramified narrowly in the border of strata 1 and 2 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). These cells formed a regular distribution, with a density of 1,825 cells/mm2 at a position 1 mm ventral to the visual streak, falling to 650 cells/mm2 in the ventral periphery. Double‐labeling experiments demonstrated that their axons stratified narrowly within and slightly proximal to the OFF‐starburst amacrine cell processes. In the IPL, they were presynaptic to amacrine cell processes. The most frequent postsynaptic dyads formed of HCN1‐IR bipolar cell axon terminals are pairs composed of both amacrine cell processes. These results suggest that these HCN1‐IR cone bipolar cells might be the same as the DAPI‐Ba1 bipolar population, and might therefore be involved in a direction‐selective mechanism, providing inputs to the OFF‐starburst amacrine cells and/or the OFF‐plexus of the ON–OFF ganglion cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:389–402, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The growth and photorefractive effect of co‐doped Ce:Cu:BSO crystals
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhang Naidong , Zhao Liancheng , Xu Yuheng 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn the paper Ce:Cu:BSO crystal has been grown by Czochralski method for the first time with doping CeO2 and CuO into BSO(Bi12SiO20) crystal. The exponential gain coefficient and respond time of Ce:Cu:BSO crystal are measured by two‐wave‐coupling technology. The results indicate that exponential gain coefficient of Ce:Cu:BSO is more than two times as that of non‐doped BSO and the response time exhibits in microsecond level. Furthermore its exponential gain coefficient improves greatly compared with Ce:BSO's at the same doping level of Ce, while its response time is less than Ce:BSO's. The improvement mechanism of photorefractive effect of Ce:Cu:BSO crystal is investigated systematically. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of (KBr‐KCl)(OH−):(F2+)H color center laser crystal series and their spectral characteristics
Authors: Wu Jihuai , Huang Changcang , Xu Chenghuang 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn order to adjust and broaden the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of the (F2+)H type color center so as to match up to the pumping and to fit in with the demand of application, a (KBr‐KCl)(OH−):(F2+)H color center laser crystal series was prepared by the process of single crystal growth, additive coloration, anneal, and light aggregation at 290 K and 77 K. The spectral characteristics of (KBr‐KCl)(OH−) crystals are investigated. It is found that the absorption and emission band of the (F2+)H color centers in KBr‐KCl complex host crystals has a considerable adjustment and extensions compared to the color centers in single KBr or KCl crystal. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cover Picture: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Metallacarboranes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 22/2003)
Authors: Hosmane Narayan S. , Maguire John A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows a typical bent‐sandwich commo‐metallacorborane product as well as its starting nido‐ycarborane precursor of the smaller carborane cage system, together in a novel cluster. Details are discussed in the Microreview by N. S. Hosmane and J. A. Maguire on p. 3989 ff. The authors are indebted to their many students and co‐workers who have borne the brunt of doing, and to the National Science Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung (to N. S. H.) and the R. A. Welch Foundation (to J. A. M.) for their generous support.
The Reductive Fragmentation of 7‐Hydroxy‐9,10‐dioxotaxoids
Authors: Appendino Giovanni , Noncovich Alain , Bettoni Piergiorgio , Dambruoso Paolo , Sterner Olov , Fontana Gabriele , Bombardelli Ezio 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe retro‐aldol reductive fragmentation of different structural types of 7‐hydroxy‐9,10‐dioxotaxoids was investigated, showing that the reaction is typical of taxanes and requires cerium(III) promotion with NaBH4 in protic medium and alkylboron (aluminium) hydrides in aprotic solvents. The resulting 7,8‐seco‐taxanes are key intermediates for the synthesis of a novel class of anticancer taxanes endowed with a unique pattern of in vivo biological activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A planar microfabricated nanoelectrospray emitter tip based on a capillary slot
Authors: Le Gac Séverine , Arscott Steve , Rolando Christian 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe report on the fabrication and testing of planar nib‐like structures for nanoelectrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (nanoESI‐MS) applications. The micro‐nib structures were fabricated on silicon substrates using the negative photoresist SU‐8; they include capillary slots with widths of 8 and 16 μm. A suitable wafer cleaving step made the nib‐like structures overhang the edge of a silicon substrate to provide a robust interface for nanoESI‐MS applications; this freeing of the nib tip from the wafer surface created a point‐like structure that is essential to establish an electrospray. The micro‐nib sources were successfully tested on an LCQ Deca XP+ ion trap mass spectrometer using peptide samples at concentrations down to 1 μM. The high voltage was applied using a platinum wire inserted in the sample reservoir upstream to the capillary slot. A Taylor cone was clearly seen at the nib tip. The micro‐nibs performed well at voltages as low as 0.8 kV; such performances are state‐of‐the‐art with respect to current micromachined ESI‐MS interfaces and are conditions comparable to those used for standard emitter tips. In addition, we clearly observed the influence of the micro‐nib slot width on the ionization performances: the narrower the slot, the better the performances.
Bdelloid Rotifers from Lakes above 1700 m in Western Italian Alps, with Taxonomic Notes on Dissotrocha macrostyla
Authors: Fontaneto Diego , Melone Giulio 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBenthic and periphytic bdelloid communities from 16 alpine lakes from 1700 to 2850 m above sea level in Sesia Valley (Piedmont region, North‐western Italy), sampled during summer 2001 and 2002, were analyzed. Seventeen species were identified from these species‐poor communities, with 1 to 6 species each. Dissotrocha macrostyla and Philodina citrina were the most common species, present in 10 lakes while 9 species were collected from one lake only. New morphological details from S.E.M. pictures of Dissotrocha macrostyla revealed that Dissotrocha macrostyla tuberculata (Gosse, 1886) is only a seasonal morphotype. Its different appearance is due to the presence of locally distributed microscopic mucous bubbles (diameter 1.41 ± 0.18 μm) on the trunk surface, produced by the rotifer itself under stressful conditions.
The study of the sterilization effect of gamma ray irradiation of immobilized collagen polypropylene nonwoven fabric surfaces
Authors: Tyan Yu‐Chang , Liao Jiunn‐Der , Lin Shu‐Ping , Chen Chia‐Chieh 
Published: November 2003

AbstractExposure to gamma ray irradiation is a frequent, clean, and superior method used to prevent bacterial contamination of sterilized biomedical end products. However, the potential damage induced by gamma ray irradiation of collagen is of concern because of the decay of bioactivity, which correlates with considerable structural alterations. In this experiment, antenna‐coupling microwave plasma was utilized to activate nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fabric, and then the sample was grafted to acrylic acid (AAc). Type III collagen was immobilized by using water‐soluble 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide as a coupling agent. The collagen‐immobilized samples, with temperatures of under 4°C, were exposed to gamma ray irradiation at different dose intervals. Gamma ray irradiation was applied to evaluate the bioactivity on the collagen‐immobilized nonwoven polypropylene and to determine the results of sterilization. Five kinds of sterilization index bacteria, all subject to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) criteria, were applied as a standard plate‐count sterilization test. Our experimental results demonstrate that in human plasma incubated with various intervals of gamma ray irradiation, fibrinogen concentration decreases while platelet and red blood cell adhesion increase. However, the dose required for thrombination demonstrated a significant change in gamma ray irradiation exposure of fewer than 10 KGy (p = 0.05). The decay of bioactivity of the gamma‐ray‐irradiated collagen‐bonded surfaces was evaluated and indicated that the decrease of R‐CONHR′, the degradation of amides (broken CN bonds of collagen and formation of the ROCNH2 and OCR′ bonds), and the increase of CO, CO bonds gradually may damage collagen by increasing the intervals of gamma ray irradiation. These effects considerably influence the bioactivity of the collagen‐bonded fabric. It is clear that gamma ray irradiation exposure of ≈10 KGy has the potential of moderating the bioactivities of collagen and therefore likely is a vital factor in the acceleration of biodegradation. The dose required for thrombination and sterilization reaches significance at 7.5 KGy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 1033–1043, 2003