bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of osteocyte‐derived RANKL on bone graft remodeling: An in vivo experimental study
Authors: Feher Balazs , Kampleitner Carina , Heimel Patrick , Tangl Stefan , Helms Jill A. , Kuchler Ulrike , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesAutologous bone is considered the gold standard for grafting, yet it suffers from a tendency to undergo resorption over time. While the exact mechanisms of this resorption remain elusive, osteocytes have been shown to play an important role in stimulating osteoclastic activity through their expression of receptor activator of NF‐κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL). The aim of this study was to assess the function of osteocyte‐derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling.Materials and MethodsIn Tnfsf11fl/fl;Dmp1‐Cre mice without osteocyte‐specific RANKL as well as in Dmp1‐Cre control mice, 2.6 mm calvarial bone disks were harvested and transplanted into mice with matching genetic backgrounds either subcutaneously or subperiosteally, creating 4 groups in total. Histology and micro‐computed tomography of the grafts and the donor regions were performed 28 days after grafting.ResultsHistology revealed marked resorption of subcutaneous control Dmp1‐Cre grafts and new bone formation around subperiosteal Dmp1‐Cre grafts. In contrast, Tnfsf11fl/fl;Dmp1‐Cre grafts showed effectively neither signs of bone resorption nor formation. Quantitative micro‐computed tomography revealed a significant difference in residual graft area between subcutaneous and subperiosteal Dmp1‐Cre grafts (p < .01). This difference was not observed between subcutaneous and subperiosteal Tnfsf11fl/fl;Dmp1‐Cre grafts (p = .17). Residual graft volume (p = .08) and thickness (p = .13) did not differ significantly among the groups. Donor area regeneration was comparable between Tnfsf11fl/fl;Dmp1‐Cre and Dmp1‐Cre mice and restricted to the defect margins.ConclusionsThe results suggest an active function of osteocyte‐derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling.
Early feeding reduces length of hospital stay in patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: A large multicentre cohort study
Authors: Kishino Takaaki , Aoki Tomonori , Sadashima Eiji , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Narasaka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Kiyotoki Shu , Mikami Tatsuya , Gushima Ryosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Fuyuno Yuta , Gunji Naohiko , Toya Yosuke , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Manabe Noriaki , Nagaike Koji , Kinjo Tetsu , Sumida Yorinobu , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Komaki Yuga , Kaise Mitsuru , Nagata Naoyoshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimNo studies have compared the clinical outcomes of early and delayed feeding in patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB). This study aimed to evaluate the benefits and risks of early feeding in a nationwide cohort of patients with ALGIB in whom haemostasis was achieved.MethodsWe reviewed data for 5910 patients with ALGIB in whom haemostasis was achieved and feeding was resumed within 3 days after colonoscopy at 49 hospitals across Japan (CODE BLUE‐J Study). Patients were divided into an early feeding group (≤1 day, n = 3324) and a delayed feeding group (2–3 days, n = 2586). Clinical outcomes were compared between the groups by propensity matching analysis of 1508 pairs.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the early and delayed feeding groups in the rebleeding rate within 7 days after colonoscopy (9.4% vs. 8.0%; p = 0.196) or in the rebleeding rate within 30 days (11.4% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.909). There was also no significant between‐group difference in the need for interventional radiology or surgery or in mortality. However, the median length of hospital stay after colonoscopy was significantly shorter in the early feeding group (5 vs. 7 days; p < 0.001). These results were unchanged when subgroups of presumptive and definitive colonic diverticular bleeding were compared.ConclusionThe findings of this nationwide study suggest that early feeding after haemostasis can shorten the hospital stay in patients with ALGIB without increasing the risk of rebleeding.
The role of lung microbiota in primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Huang Linna , Li Min , Cui Xiaoyang , Zhan Qingyuan , Wang Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that the lung microbiota is altered in critically ill patients and predicts clinical outcomes. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common complication and a leading cause of death within 1 month of lung transplantation, but the clinical significance of changes in the lung bacterial community during PGD is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the lung microbiota to the development and course of severe PGD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study to characterize the lung microbiota of 32 lung transplant patients with combined PGD using next‐generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The relationship between lung flora dysbiosis and lung immunity in PGD was assessed by quantification of alveolar cytokines. The contribution of microbiota characteristics to patient outcomes was assessed by estimating overall survival.ResultsPatients diagnosed with PGD grade 3 showed a reduction in alpha diversity, driven by a significant increase in the abundance of the genera Modestobacter, Scardovia and Selenomonas, and a reduction in the proportion of the genera Klebsiella and Oribacterium. Alpha diversity of the lung microbiota in PGD3 patients was negatively correlated with BALF interleukin (IL)‐2 (r = ‐.752, p < .05). In addition, bacterial diversity in the lung microbiota of non‐survivors was lower than that of survivors (p = .041).ConclusionsThere is variation in the lung microbiota of PGD grade 3 patients and dysbiosis of the lung microbiota is associated with lung immunity. The lung microbiota has potential in the diagnosis and treatment of PGD grade 3.
Implementing a self‐reported immunosuppression adherence questionnaire to screen for non‐adherence in routine care of kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Sharma Akhil , Verma Siddharth , Mirzai Saeid , Viswanathan Vignesh , Kapoor Sanjana , Hariharan Sundaram , Dew Mary Amanda , Puttarajappa Chethan M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐reported measures of immunosuppression adherence have been largely examined in research settings.MethodsIn this single center study of 610 kidney transplant recipients, we examined if a voluntary, non‐anonymous self‐report measure could identify non‐adherence in a routine clinic setting and how patients perceived such a measure. Non‐adherence was measured using the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS) and patient perception was elicited using a customized questionnaire.ResultsNon‐responders to the survey (15%) were younger, more likely to be black, and less likely to have had a pre‐emptive transplant. Among complete responders (n = 485), 38% reported non‐adherence with non‐adherent patients being younger (54 y vs. 60 y; p = .01), less likely to have been on dialysis pre‐transplant (59% vs. 68%; p = .04), further out from transplant (37 vs. 22 months; p < .001) and had more rejections in the preceding year (8% vs. 3%; p = .02). Self‐reported non‐adherence was associated with higher calcineurin inhibitor intra‐patient variability (27.4% vs. 24.5%; p = .02), but not with donor‐specific antibody detection (27.8% vs. 21.2%, p = .15). Of patients providing feedback (n = 500), the majority of patients felt comfortable reporting adherence (92%), that the survey was relevant to their visit (71%), and that the survey did not interfere with their clinic visit (88%).ConclusionIn summary, a self‐reported questionnaire during clinic visits identified immunosuppression non‐adherence in a significant proportion of patients and was well received by patients. Integrating self‐report measures into routine post‐transplant care may enable early identification of non‐adherence.
Management of ectopic intestinal variceal bleeding following pancreatic transplant: Two cases
Authors: Kosyakovsky Jacob , Robinson Todd J. , Rao Swati , Taylor Amy C. , Brayman Kenneth L. , Agarwal Avinash K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEctopic variceal bleeding is a potentially under recognized source of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. While vascular complications following pancreatic transplant are relatively common, the development of symptomatic ectopic venous varices has rarely been reported. We report two patients with a remote history of simultaneous kidney pancreas transplant (SPK) presenting two decades after transplant with an occult GI bleed. In both cases, a lengthy diagnostic course was required. The varices were treated with coil embolization via transhepatic approach. Our findings add to the limited literature on this topic and aid in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of this unusual presentation.
Incremental burden on health‐related quality of life, health service utilization and direct medical expenditures associated with cognitive impairment among non‐institutionalized people with diabetes aged 65 years and older
Authors: Guan Dawei , Lewis Motomori O. , Li Piaopiao , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Ping , Tang Shichao , Brown Joshua , Guo Jingchuan , Zhang Yongkang , Shao Hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo quantify the incremental health and economic burden associated with cognitive impairment (CI) among non‐institutionalized people with diabetes ≥65 years in the United States.Materials and MethodsUsing 2016‐2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys data, we identified participants ≥65 years with diabetes. We used propensity score weighting to quantify the CI‐associated incremental burden on health‐related quality of life measured by the 12‐item Short Form Survey (SF‐12), including the mental component summary score, physical component summary score and health utility. We also compared the annual health service utilization and expenditures on ambulatory visits, prescriptions, home care, emergency room (ER), hospitalizations and total annual direct medical expenditures.ResultsWe included 5094 adults aged ≥65 with diabetes, of whom 804 had CI. After propensity score weighting, CI was associated with a lower mental component summary score (−8.4, p < .001), physical component summary score (−5.2, p < .001) and health utility (–0.12, p < .001). The CI group had more ambulatory visits (+4.4, p = .004) and prescriptions (+9.9, p < .001), with higher probabilities of having home care (+11.3%, p < .001) and ER visits (+8.2%, p = .001). People with CI spent $5441 (p < .001) more annually, $2039 (p = .002) more on prescriptions, $2695 (p < .001) more on home care and $118 (p < .001) more on ER visits. There is no statistically significant difference in the utilization and expenditure of hospitalizations.ConclusionCI was associated with worse health‐related quality of life, higher health service utilization and expenditures. Our findings can be used to monitor the health and economic burden of CI in non‐institutionalized older persons with diabetes.
Reckoning with ‘new’ Turkey: Modes of US reaction to unwanted policy shifts in the Middle East
Authors: Kontos Michalis , Tziarras Zenonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the changing relations between the United States and Turkey in light of Turkey's contemporary foreign policy that often challenges American interests. More specifically, it adopts a comparative approach to examine the variables that determine the course of US reaction when unwanted policy shifts take place in the Middle East. To this end, apart from Turkey, the article examines two more cases: US relations with Egypt in the 1950s, and with Iran right before, during and after the 1979 revolution. The comparative analysis reveals that the case of contemporary Turkey has been more similar to the historical case of Egypt, which explains why Washington has been adopting (and is more likely to continue doing so) a “wait‐and‐see” approach vis‐à‐vis Ankara. However, domestic changes in Turkey, though not as abrupt and radical as in Iran, remain significant and may have a deeper impact on US–Turkish relations in the future.
Emerging trends in the study of spiralian larvae
Authors: Liang Yan , Carrillo‐Baltodano Allan M. , Martín‐Durán José M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany animals undergo indirect development, where their embryogenesis produces an intermediate life stage, or larva, that is often free‐living and later metamorphoses into an adult. As their adult counterparts, larvae can have unique and diverse morphologies and occupy various ecological niches. Given their broad phylogenetic distribution, larvae have been central to hypotheses about animal evolution. However, the evolution of these intermediate forms and the developmental mechanisms diversifying animal life cycles are still debated. This review focuses on Spiralia, a large and diverse clade of bilaterally symmetrical animals with a fascinating array of larval forms, most notably the archetypical trochophore larva. We explore how classic research and modern advances have improved our understanding of spiralian larvae, their development, and evolution. Specifically, we examine three morphological features of spiralian larvae: the anterior neural system, the ciliary bands, and the posterior hyposphere. The combination of molecular and developmental evidence with modern high‐throughput techniques, such as comparative genomics, single‐cell transcriptomics, and epigenomics, is a promising strategy that will lead to new testable hypotheses about the mechanisms behind the evolution of larvae and life cycles in Spiralia and animals in general. We predict that the increasing number of available genomes for Spiralia and the optimization of genome‐wide and single‐cell approaches will unlock the study of many emerging spiralian taxa, transforming our views of the evolution of this animal group and their larvae.
Chronosequence of invasion reveals minimal losses of population genomic diversity, niche expansion, and trait divergence in the polyploid, leafy spurge
Authors: Lake Thomas A. , Briscoe Runquist Ryan D. , Flagel Lex E. , Moeller David A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRapid evolution may play an important role in the range expansion of invasive species and modify forecasts of invasion, which are the backbone of land management strategies. However, losses of genetic variation associated with colonization bottlenecks may constrain trait and niche divergence at leading range edges, thereby impacting management decisions that anticipate future range expansion. The spatial and temporal scales over which adaptation contributes to invasion dynamics remain unresolved. We leveraged detailed records of the ~130‐year invasion history of the invasive polyploid plant, leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata), across ~500 km in Minnesota, U.S.A. We examined the consequences of range expansion for population genomic diversity, niche breadth, and the evolution of germination behavior. Using genotyping‐by‐sequencing, we found some population structure in the range core, where introduction occurred, but panmixia among all other populations. Range expansion was accompanied by only modest losses in sequence diversity, with small, isolated populations at the leading edge harboring similar levels of diversity to those in the range core. The climatic niche expanded during most of the range expansion, and the niche of the range core was largely non‐overlapping with the invasion front. Ecological niche models indicated that mean temperature of the warmest quarter was the strongest determinant of habitat suitability and that populations at the leading edge had the lowest habitat suitability. Guided by these findings, we tested for rapid evolution in germination behavior over the time course of range expansion using a common garden experiment and temperature manipulations. Germination behavior diverged from the early to late phases of the invasion, with populations from later phases having higher dormancy at lower temperatures. Our results suggest that trait evolution may have contributed to niche expansion during invasion and that distribution models, which inform future management planning, may underestimate invasion potential without accounting for evolution.
Mechanistic modeling of climate effects on redistribution and population growth in a community of fish species
Authors: Tang Becky , Roberts Sarah M. , Clark James S. , Gelfand Alan E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding community responses to climate is critical for anticipating the future impacts of global change. However, despite increased research efforts in this field, models that explicitly include important biological mechanisms are lacking. Quantifying the potential impacts of climate change on species is complicated by the fact that the effects of climate variation may manifest at several points in the biological process. To this end, we extend a dynamic mechanistic model that combines population dynamics, such as species interactions, with species redistribution by allowing climate to affect both processes. We examine their relative contributions in an application to the changing biomass of a community of eight species in the Gulf of Maine using over 30 years of fisheries data from the Northeast Fishery Science Center. Our model suggests that the mechanisms driving biomass trends vary across space, time, and species. Phase space plots demonstrate that failing to account for the dynamic nature of the environmental and biologic system can yield theoretical estimates of population abundances that are not observed in empirical data. The stock assessments used by fisheries managers to set fishing targets and allocate quotas often ignore environmental effects. At the same time, research examining the effects of climate change on fish has largely focused on redistribution. Frameworks that combine multiple biological reactions to climate change are particularly necessary for marine researchers. This work is just one approach to modeling the complexity of natural systems and highlights the need to incorporate multiple and possibly interacting biological processes in future models.
Governing nonprofits under competing institutional logics: The implementation of board governance in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Zhan Xueyong , Xu Yushan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrivatization reform originated in Western countries and was translated across political regimes. While extensive literature discusses the practices of privatization in liberal democracies, little has been written on its implementation in authoritarian contexts, where the logic of privatization is incompatible with the logic of authoritarianism. This study explores the adoption of a specific administrative model promoted by the privatization reform: nonprofit board governance in Shenzhen, China. We find that, although the nonprofit board is the formal governing structure, regulatory agencies constrain the autonomy of boards, decoupling governance practices from board governance. Two organizational‐level contingency factors—institutional origins and political risks—help explain the balance of the competing logics and the degree of decoupling from board governance. These findings suggest that, within the global privatization movement, the seemingly converging administrative structures embody divergent practices when adapting to local contexts.
Side effects and short effects of using three common mouthwashes on oral health and quality of life: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Navabi Nader , Afshari Zahra , Kamyabi Homa , Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntiseptic mouthwashes are useful adjuncts to daily brushing and flossing for the control of dental plaque and gingivitis. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of three mouthwashes: chlorhexidine, essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride on oral health‐related quality of life, gingival health, tongue coating and also to compare their potential side effects after 2‐week consumption.MethodsSixty participants were enrolled in this study and were divided into four groups (three mouthwash groups plus no mouthwash group). At the beginning, scaling and cleaning were performed and the following parameters were recorded: oral health impact profile (OHIP‐5) questionnaire, tongue coating index, modified gingival index, calculus surface index, modified Lobene stain index and a questionnaire for side effects. Each group has followed up in 2 weeks. Data were analysed using paired t‐test, ANOVA, Fisher's exact test and Pearson chi‐square.ResultsAt the end of second week, all three mouthwashes significantly improved OHIP‐5 score and reduced modified gingival index whereas essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride significantly reduced tongue coating index when compared to control group (p < 0.05). The differences between four groups were significant for calculus formation, dental staining and reported burning sensation and changes of taste sensation and perception (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe use of all three mouthwashes has been effective in controlling and reducing gingivitis and tongue coating; however, it appeared that essential oils has the minimum and Chlorhexidine has the maximum side effects. Moreover, the use of all three mouthwashes has been examined to improve the quality of life. Overall, essential oils mouthwash has the best performance among these three mouthwashes.