bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Spain according to surveillance and hospitalization data, 2012–2020
Authors: Pedraz Teresa , Herrera Laura , Vazquez Maria C. , Ramírez-Rubio Oriana , Cano Rosa , Herrador Zaida ,   on behalf of the Spanish Working Group on Tuberculosis
Published: January 2024

Background
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis (TB) was the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. In Spain, TB notifications are registered through the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE). The Minimum Basic Data Set (CMBD) provides information on TB hospital discharges. This study aims to assess both registries to complete the picture of TB in order to improve national control strategies and make further progress toward its elimination.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed considering CMBD´s hospital discharges with TB as first diagnosis and notifications to RENAVE between 2012 and 2020. After describing the records of both systems and their differences by using descriptive and multivariate analysis, annual incidences rates were calculated in order to evaluate temporal trends and geographical patters.

Results
According to the CMBD database, there were 29,942 hospitalizations due to TB (65% pulmonary forms and 66% male) during the study period. RENAVE collected 44,520 reported cases, mostly males (62%) with pulmonary forms (72%). Young children were similar in both groups, showing the high frequency of hospitalization in this group. Almost all autonomous communities showed a downward trend, especially Asturias. Hospitalizations in 2020 were analyzed by month separately, and comparing with previous years, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen.

Conclusions
A decreasing trend on TB incidence was observed in Spain since 2012, although this trend might change after COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of both databases, CMBD and RENAVE, has contributed to improve our knowledge of TB in Spain and will help improve the control of this disease.
Effects of timing of cord clamping on neonatal hemoglobin and bilirubin levels in preterm and term infants—A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Malik Shikha , Kapu Madhuri , Jain Mahendra Kumar , patel Bhupeshwari , kabra Nandkishor 
Published: January 2024

Background
Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is a proven beneficial intervention, but the suggested timings of DCC vary from 30 to 300 seconds after birth or until cord pulsation stops. This study aimed to find the optimum timing of DCC to maximize the benefits such as an increase in hemoglobin, and hematocrit without increasing the risks of polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods
We conducted a single-center prospective observational cohort study. All singleton neonates with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks born at the center in the 17 months of the study period from November 2020 to March 2022 were enrolled. Participants were divided into four groups based on DCC time: group A: <60 sec, group B: 60–119 sec, group C: 120–180 sec, and group D: >180 sec. The primary outcome was the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and bilirubin at 48 hours of life.

Results
Four hundred and eight neonates were enrolled. They were divided into four groups based on the timing of DCC (group A: n = 52, group B: n = 137, group C: n = 155, group D: n = 64). With an increase in the duration of DCC, there was an increase in the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit without an increase in the risk of polycythemia or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The benefits were best in group C (120–180 sec) and group D (>180 sec).

Conclusions
DCC of ≥ 120 seconds appears to be optimal where hemoglobin and hematocrit are highest without an increase in the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The risk of adverse effects like polycythemia or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy did not increase even after extending the time of cord clamping to >180 seconds.
A machine learning model for prediction of sarcopenia in patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kim Minkyeong , Kim Doeon , Kang Heeyoung , Park Seongjin , Kim Shinjune , Yoo Jun-Il 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have an increased risk of sarcopenia which is expected to negatively affect gait, leading to poor clinical outcomes including falls. In this study, we investigated the gait patterns of patients with PD with and without sarcopenia (sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively) using an app-derived program and explored if gait parameters could be utilized to predict sarcopenia based on machine learning.

Methods
Clinical and sarcopenia profiles were collected from patients with PD at Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage ≤ 2. Sarcopenia was defined based on the updated criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The gait patterns of the patients with and without sarcopenia were recorded and analyzed using a smartphone application. The random forest model was applied to predict sarcopenia in patients with PD.

Results
Data from 38 patients with PD were obtained, among which 9 (23.7%) were with sarcopenia. Clinical parameters were comparable between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. Among various clinical and gait parameters, the average range of motion of the hip joint showed the highest association with sarcopenia. Based on the random forest algorithm, the combined difference in knee and ankle angles from standing still before walking to the maximum angle during walking (Kneeankle_diff), the difference between the angle when standing still before walking and the maximum angle during walking for the ankle (Ankle_dif), and the min angle of the hip joint (Hip_min) were the top three features that best predict sarcopenia. The accuracy of this model was 0.949.

Conclusions
Using smartphone app and machine learning technique, our study revealed gait parameters that are associated with sarcopenia and that help predict sarcopenia in PD. Our study showed potential application of advanced technology in clinical research.
Trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women in Ethiopia, evidence from Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2000–2016; multilevel analysis
Authors: Alemu Meseret Desalegn , Workie Shimelash Bitew , Kussa Sintayehu , Gidey Tesfaye Tsegaye , Berheto Tezera Moshago 
Published: January 2024

Background
Unmet need refers to the gap between women’s desires and contraception use to monitor their fertility level. According to the data, unplanned pregnancies are more likely to result in miscarriage and other obstetric difficulties, have poor maternal health care usage, and have a higher risk of having babies who are underweight. Information on the trend of unmet family planning needs in Ethiopia is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married or in union women in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016.

Method
Cross-sectional study design from secondary data was performed. Data for the study was obtained from four consecutive Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys 2000 to 2016. The survey employs a nationally representative sample of households using a multistage stratified sampling technique. A descriptive analysis was done to see the trend in unmet need. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess individual and community-level determinants. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05 were used to declare the level of significance.

Result
Unmet need declined by 40.2%, from 37.3% to 22.3%, from 2000 to 2016. Rural (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.27–1.59), number of living children > = 5 (AOR = 1.14 (1.04–1.24), age at first marriage > = 18 years (AOR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09–1.21), knowing at least one method of Family Planning (FP) (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.43–1.72), and no previous use of FP (1.27 (1.20–1.36) were associated with increased unmet need. While women between the ages of 20 and 24 (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64–0.79), 25–29 (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.55–0.70), 40–44 (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.39–0.50), 45–49 (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.18–0.24), the richest wealth index (AOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80–0.96.

Conclusion
The level of unmet need has decreased significantly in Ethiopia over the past 16 years. Age, educational level, media exposure, number of living children, age at first marriage, parity, previous use of FP, knowledge of FP, wealth index, regional setting, residence (rural), and survey year all have an association with an unmet need for family planning.
Physical activity among older adults with multimorbidity: Evidence from a population-based health survey
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Holanda , Aguiar Ricardo Goes de , Santos Edige Felipe de Sousa , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão , Goldbaum Moisés , Monteiro Camila Nascimento 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
The promotion of physical activity has been recognized as an important component in the management and prevention of multimorbidity, a condition that is increasing prevalent worldwide, including in Brazil. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the disparity in physical activity levels between individuals with and without multimorbidity. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and physical activity among older adults, as well as analyze the relationship of a sufficient level of physical activity and multimorbidity, while considering sociodemographic characteristics of residents in São Paulo, Brazil.

Materials and methods
Data from 1.019 participants aged 60 years or older (59.7% female; mean age 69.7±7.7) were collected from the Health Survey (ISA-Capital, 2015) conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We defined multimorbidity as the presence of two or more chronic conditions, and for physical activity, classified a sufficient level (≥150 min/week). Prevalence Ratios (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) were estimated using univariate and multivariate Poisson regression to examine the relationship between multimorbidity and sufficient level of physical activity.

Results
67.7% of the participants lived with multimorbidity, while 30.1% had achieved a sufficient level of physical activity. There was a higher prevalence of sufficient level of physical activity among older adults with two (PR = 1.38; 95%CI 1.02–1.88) and four (PR = 1.37; 95%CI 1.00–1.87) chronic conditions. Older adults with multimorbidity who were 70 years or older (PR = 1.77; 95%IC 1.13–2.77), female (PR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.16–2.36), without a partner (PR = 1.43; 95%IC 1.03–1.99), and had a per capita income of 1 to 2.5 (PR = 1.83; 95%IC 1.00–3.33) were more likely to achieve a sufficient level of physical activity compared to their peers without multimorbidity.

Conclusions
The study highlights sociodemographic disparities in the sufficient level of physical activity among multimorbidity, suggesting the importance of considering these factors when planning public policies aimed at promoting physical activity.
Identification of viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) and interleukin-6 as risk factors for malignancies in HIV-infected individuals: A cohort study
Authors: Matsunaga Akihiro , Ando Naokatsu , Yamagata Yuko , Shimura Mari , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi , Ishizaka Yukihito 
Published: January 2024

Background
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) suffer from a high frequency of malignancies, but related risk factors remain elusive. Here, we focused on blood-circulating viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV, which induces proinflammatory cytokine production and genotoxicity by exogenous functions.

Methods and findings
A total 404 blood samples of HIV patients comprising of 126 patients with malignancies (tumor group) and 278 patients without malignancies (non-tumor group), each of 96 samples was first selected by one-to-one propensity score matching. By a detergent-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (detection limit, 3.9 ng/mL), we detected Vpr at a higher frequency in the matched tumor group (56.3%) than in the matched non-tumor group (39.6%) (P = 0.030), although there was no different distribution of Vpr levels (P = 0.372). We also detected anti-Vpr immunoglobulin (IgG), less frequently in the tumor group compared with the tumor group (22.9% for tumor group vs. 44.8% for non-tumor group, P = 0.002), and the proportion of patients positive for Vpr but negative of anti-Vpr IgG was significantly higher in the tumor group than in the non-tumor group (38.6% vs. 15.6%, respectively, P < 0.001). Additionally, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the levels of which were high in HIV-1 infected patients (P < 0.001) compared to non-HIV-infected individuals, was significantly higher in advanced cases of tumors (P < 0.001), and IL-6 level was correlated with Vpr in the non-tumor group (P = 0.010). Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested a positive link of Vpr with tumor occurrence in HIV patients (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Vpr and IL-6 could be risk factors of HIV-1 associated malignancies, and it would be importance to monitor these molecules for well managing people living with HIV-1.
Mudanças climáticas e Educação Ambiental Crítica no contexto da escola pública através do ensino de biologia
Authors: Inêz da Silva Karen Luana , Sobral da Silva Maia Jorge 
Published: January 2024

Este artigo discute os desafios e as perspectivas presentes no ensino de biologia no contexto da escola pública sobre a temática das mudanças climáticas, tendo como base a Educação Ambiental Crítica (EAC) que se fundamenta nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC) e do Materialismo histórico-dialético. Através do acompanhamento do processo de ensino, de uma entrevista semiestruturada com uma docente da disciplina biologia, este artigo dialoga sobre a complexidade da relação das mudanças climáticas com a educação pública em geral, e o ensino de biologia especificamente. As reflexões trazidas articulam-se com as possibilidades que o ensino de biologia apresenta, no que concerne à contribuição para o debate relacionado a emergência climática, se norteado por uma teoria pedagógica que objetiva a apropriação dos fundamentos históricos-críticos para a transformação social, indo além do conservadorismo e dos reducionismos presentes nas discussões que envolvem esta problemática de ordem socioambiental no Brasil.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Highest-Grade or Predominant Histological Differentiation of T1 Colorectal Cancer in Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Ichimasa Katsuro , Kataoka Yuki , Miyahara Shoko , Miki Atsushi , Yeoh Khay Guan , Kawai Shigeo , Martínez de Juan Fernando , Machado Isidro , Kotani Kazuhiko , Sata Naohiro 
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) suggest 2 classifications for histological differentiation—highest grade and predominant. However, the optimal predictor of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 CRC remains unknown. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of highest-grade or predominant differentiation on LNM determination in T1 CRC.

METHODS:
The study protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42023416971) and was published in OSF (https://osf.io/TMAUN/) on April 13, 2023. We searched 5 electronic databases for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of highest-grade or predominant differentiation to determine LNM in T1 CRC. The outcomes were sensitivity and specificity. We simulated 100 cases with T1 CRC, with an LNM incidence of 11.2%, to calculate the differences in false positives and negatives between the highest-grade and predominant differentiations using a bootstrap method.

RESULTS:
In 42 studies involving 41,290 patients, the differentiation classification had a pooled sensitivity of 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.24) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.04–0.09) (P < 0.0001) and specificity of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.96) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) (P < 0.0001) for the highest-grade and predominant differentiations, respectively. In the simulation, the differences in false positives and negatives between the highest-grade and predominant differentiations were 3.0% (range 1.6–4.4) and −1.3% (range −2.0 to −0.7), respectively.

DISCUSSION:
Highest-grade differentiation may reduce the risk of misclassifying cases with LNM as negative, whereas predominant differentiation may prevent unnecessary surgeries. Further studies should examine differentiation classification using other predictive factors.
On a blow-up criterion for solution of 3D fractional Navier-Stokes-Coriolis equations in Lei-Lin-Gevrey spaces
Authors: Sun Xiaochun , Xu Gaoting , Wu Yulian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article, we researched the existence of the solution to the fractional Navier-Stokes equations with the Coriolis force under initial data, which belong to the Lei-Lin-Gevrey spaces. Moreover, we showed a blow-up criterion, i.e., when the maximal time of existence

T

*

{T}^{* }

is finite, we proved that the norm of this same solution, in a specific Lei-Lin-Gevrey space, goes to infinity, as time tends to the maximal time of its existence.
Redundancy-free integrated optical convolver for optical neural networks based on arrayed waveguide grating
Authors: Zhang Shiji , Zhou Haojun , Wu Bo , Jiang Xueyi , Gao Dingshan , Xu Jing , Dong Jianji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Optical neural networks (ONNs) have gained significant attention due to their potential for high-speed and energy-efficient computation in artificial intelligence. The implementation of optical convolutions plays a vital role in ONNs, as they are fundamental operations within neural network architectures. However, state-of-the-art convolution architectures often suffer from redundant inputs, leading to substantial resource waste. Here, we demonstrate an integrated optical convolution architecture that leverages the inherent routing principles of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to execute the sliding of convolution kernel and summation of results. M × N multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations are facilitated by M + N units within a single clock cycle, thus eliminating the redundancy. In the experiment, we achieved 5 bit precision and 91.9 % accuracy in the handwritten digit recognition task confirming the reliability of our approach. Its redundancy-free architecture, low power consumption, high compute density (8.53 teraOP mm−1 s−1) and scalability make it a valuable contribution to the field of optical neural networks, thereby paving the way for future advancements in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence applications.
Grating-lobe-free optical phased array with 2-D circular sparse array aperture and high-efficiency phase calibration
Authors: Lian Daixin , Zhao Shi , Li Wenlei , Chen Jingye , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An optical phased array (OPA) with 2-D circular sparse array aperture has been proposed and demonstrated in the silicon integrated photonic platform. The sparse distribution of the antenna array can realize no grating lobes in 2-D full field of view (FOV). To achieve fast and accurate phase calibration for OPA, an improved rotating element electric field vector algorithm based on golden section search method (GSS-REV) has also been proposed and verified. The 32-element antenna sparse distribution of the proposed OPA is designed and fabricated. A far-field beam steering measurement across 20° × 20° range features the side lobe suppression ratio (SLSR) of larger than 4.81 dB and a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of approximately 0.63° × 0.59°. The resolvable points are derived to be ∼1076. The OPA chip has also been demonstrated on range measurement with frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) system.
Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report
Authors: Wang Guimei , Li Ronghui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma.

Case presentation
This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well.

Conclusions
Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.
Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug resistance, and adverse effects
Authors: Gu Xuan-Yu , Huo Jin-Long , Yu Zhi-Yong , Jiang Ji-Chang , Xu Ya-Xuan , Zhao Li-Jin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a concerning liver cancer with rising incidence and mortality rates worldwide. The effectiveness of traditional therapies in managing advanced HCC is limited, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising strategy for HCC management. By preventing tumor cells from evading immune surveillance through immunological checkpoints, ICIs can restore the immune system’s ability to target and eliminate tumors. While ICIs show promise in enhancing the immune response against malignancies, challenges such as drug resistance and adverse reactions hinder their efficacy. To address these challenges, developing individualized ICI treatment strategies is critical. Combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy holds the potential for comprehensive therapeutic effects. Additionally, biomarker-based individualized ICI treatment strategies offer promise in predicting treatment response and guiding personalized patient care. Future research should explore emerging ICI treatment methods to optimize HCC immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of ICIs as a new treatment for HCC, demonstrating some success in promoting the tumor immune response. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain important considerations that must be addressed. As tailored treatment plans evolve, the prospect of immunotherapy for HCC is expected to grow, offering new opportunities for improved patient outcomes.