bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypodontia and Hyperdontia among Libyan Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Mohammad Fathia , Ingafou Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

Background: it is not uncommon for orthodontist to come across patients with dental anomalies such as disturbances in teeth number. Hypodontia is a developmental absence of one or more teeth excluding the third molars, while hyperdontia (supernumerary teeth) is the presence of ‎additional tooth in the normal series.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia in Libyan patients with different types of malocclusion.
Material and Method: This is retrospective review of the pretreatment dental casts of consecutive patients attending at the department of Orthodontics in the University of Benghazi as well as their panoramic radiographs (OPGs) to look at the disturbances in the tooth number in the study group which was comprised 516 Libyan patients with an age range of 10 years to 34 years at the time of investigation.
Results: A total of eighteen patients had either hypodontia or hyperdontia. The former was detected in 10 (1.76%) cases, 5 (0.88%) lateral incisors, 3 (0.53%) premolars‎ and 2 (0.35%) third molars, while hyperdontia was detected in another 8 cases, 4 (0.70%) mesiodenses, ‎2 (‎0.35%) premolar and 2 (0.35%) of 3rd molar.
Conclusion: The number of patients with hypodontia and hyperdontia in this sample was apparently different from ‎those previously reported worldwide figures. However, further large scale studies are required to ascertain their ‎true prevalence and impact on Libyan population.‎
Comparative Evaluation of Polarization Colors of Collagen Fibers in Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma Using Picrosirius Red Stain (Histochemical Study)
Authors: M.O Bin Hussain Hawaida , A. Sultan Azzam 
Published: December 2023

Aims: studying the quality and quantity of collagen fibers may help to delineate their influence on the aggressiveness and growth potential of the OKC and ameloblastoma. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the polarization colors, orientation, and organization of collagen fibers in the connective tissues of the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and ameloblastoma (AB) using picrosirius red (PSR) stain under a polarizing microscope with correlation to their biologic behavior.
Materials and method: polarization colors, orientation, and organization of collagen fibers in pre-diagnosed cases of OKC and AB, twenty each, and two control cases of dentigerous cyst (DC) were histochemically analyzed using PSR stain and a polarized light microscope.
Results: comparing the collagen fibers in the two lesions, there was no significant difference with respect to the polarization colors, orientation, and organization.
Conclusion: PSR staining and polarizing microscopy is a powerful tool to appraise the nature and arrangement of collagen fibers in odontogenic lesions. The connective tissue of OKC showed a predominance of green-yellow birefringence, and loosely packed fibers, this can be correlated to the aggressive nature of this lesion.
Interaction of Candida Albicans and Streptococcus Mutans with four different types of acrylic resin denture base materials Part (2)
Authors: A. Elnaili Salma , Abdalla Elnaihoum Warida , Alabidi Saied 
Published: December 2023

For denture base materials to be clinically accepted, they have to meet certain requirements such as superior mechanical and chemical properties, having a natural appearance, being easy to construct, easy to repair as well as biocompatibility and resistance to adhesion of microorganisms. Microbial adhesion to denture base materials may lead to oral diseases such as candidiasis. The present in-vitro study was aimed to assess the adherence of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to four different types of acrylic dentures; Heat Cure (HC), High Impact Heat Cure (HIHC), Heat Cure Clear (HCC) and Clear Chemical Cure (CC).
Materials and Methods: 25 discs measuring 11 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were fabricated for each type of acrylic resin. All samples were polished with different roughness parameters, including 600 and 1200 surface polishers. Candida albicans was cultured in Sabouraud dextrose broth (Sigma-Aldrich) while, S. mutans was cultured in a Columbia blood agar. They were then placed in an aerobic or CO2 incubator for Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans respectively at 37ºC overnight. The absorbance of the crystal violet stain in the de-staining solution was measured. Subsequently, the samples were removed, fixed on a glass slide, and lastly viewed under the light microscope [Nikon (ECLIPS TS100)] at magnification 40x.
Results: The highest average absorbance of C. albicans was shown in HCC600 and HC1200. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the P-value of C. albicans growth on the different surfaces of acrylic resins. Regarding the adhesion of Streptococcus mutants, CC had much more average absorbance than the other three heat cure types. When these materials were compared by ANOVA single factor, the data statistically showed a significant difference in the capacity of attachment between heat cure and chemical cure.
Conclusion: The acrylic denture surface roughness by its nature has a large impact on the colonization of denture base, specifically by Streptococcus mutants.
Effect of Staining and Bleaching on Color Change of Resin Composite Restorative Materials
Authors: Z. Osman Eman , M. Betamar Naeima , H. Bubteina Nagat , A. Mohamed Rafa 
Published: December 2023

Aims: To evaluate the color change of three resin composites (nanohybrid; Filtek Z250XT, microhybrid, DenFil, and nanoceram; Zenit) after exposure to tea, coffee, artificial saliva, and bleaching procedure.
Materials and Methods: A total of 162 disc-shaped specimens (12.2mm diameter, and 2.2mm thickness) from the three resin composites were prepared in a silicon mold, then divided into 3 groups according to the type of resin composite. Each group was subdivided into three experimental groups (n=18), and immersed into staining solutions; tea, coffee, and artificial saliva for 3h/day over 28 days. A bleaching agent (Opalescence 20 home bleach) was applied to previously stained specimens for 3h/day over 14 days. The color measurement for each specimen was performed according to CIE L*a*b* system using a spectrophotometer on three occasions: i) at baseline, ii) after staining, and iii) after bleaching. The color differences delta E (ΔE) between the three measurements were calculated and the obtained data was statistically analyzed.
Results: The three composites showed significant color change after immersion in tea, and coffee solutions (P˂0.05), and after the bleaching (P˂0.05). DenFil showed the most color change followed by Z250XT. Zenit was the least affected by staining solutions. Tea solution caused more color change than the coffee solution. Artificial saliva showed insignificant color change for all groups (P=0.07).
Conclusions: Exposure to drinks with staining ability such as tea and coffee can significantly affect the color stability of the tested composites. The bleaching agent was effective in removing the stains and restoring the color of all composites near or at baseline color.
Orthodontic Patients’ Knowledge and Understanding of Orthodontic Retainers: A cross sectional study
Authors: Fenesha Fatma , Elhabony Sara 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To assess the dental patients’ knowledge and understanding of orthodontic retainers, and to evaluate the level of knowledge in relation to different predefined variables such as gender, onset of treatment and education level.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional questionnaire-based study involving patients undergoing active orthodontic treatment. A validated and piloted questionnaire was distributed around five orthodontic clinics in Benghazi city. The paper questionnaire consisted of four sections with 20 questions covering basic demographic data, the knowledge and understanding of orthodontic retainers, and finally the mode of information provision. Descriptive statistics were carried out for frequency and proportions. In addition, the relationship between the variables was analysed using Chi-Square and Fisher exact test. A simple thematic analysis was conducted for the open-ended questions.
Results: The response rate was 95%. A total of 295 questionnaires were self-completed and collected from the five centres. The age range was between 16 - 53 years (mean age 24.3). Around 83.4% of patients were aware that they will require a set of orthodontic retainers at the end of treatment. However, only half of the patients knew what type of retainers they will require (56.9%). Regarding the understanding of retention and relapse, around 71.2% of patients understood why retainers are needed and 60% recognize what will happen if they didn't wear their retainers. However, only 34% of the respondents understand what ‘’orthodontic relapse’’ means. No association was found between the onset of treatment, age and gender and the patients’ level of knowledge and understanding of orthodontic retainers. Nevertheless, the level of education was the only variable shown to be associated with the level of patients’ understanding.
Conclusions: The level of knowledge and understanding regarding orthodontic retainers was suboptimal among Libyan orthodontic patients. The reported lack of knowledge could potentially influence the amount of compliance with wearing orthodontic retainers. Postgraduate students and professionals seem to be more attentive to instructions and maintaining their teeth in place.
Power Factor Correction for ABO-TRABA Desalination Plant Case Study
Authors: Rajab Zakariya , Buamud Mohammed , Elwalid Mukhtar 
Published: December 2023

Power factor is a way of measuring the percentage of reactive power in an electrical system. Reactive power represents the wasted energy electricity. Reactive power is used by inductive load (such as, motors, transformers, fluorescent light, arc welders and induction furnaces) to sustain their magnetic fields. Electric systems with many motors exhibit low power factors, increasedconductorandtransformerlosses,andlowervoltages.Utilities must supply both active and reactive power to compensate these losses. However, the influence of voltage and current harmonics on equipment connected to electrical system can cause serious problems in power factor correction; it can be improved by adding shunt capacitors. Capacitors act in opposition to inductive loads,therebyminimizingthereactivepowerrequiredtoservethem.Unfortunately,powerfactorcorrectioncapacitorsmayproduceharmonicresonance and magnify utility capacitor-switching transients. Therefore, it is often desirable to implement one or more capacitor banks in a facility as a harmonic filter [1].
The main objective of this paper is to raise the power factor for ABO TRABA desalination plant to the economic and optimum value. The scope of the paper includes studying the phenomena's that can cause significant damage and distortion to a given power system such as harmonics and resonance.
The study includes billing data monthly collected, which is a plant survey. From the study, some calculations have been done such as power factor penalty savings, Loss savings, payback period, losses reductions and increase system capacity.
Los derechos del nasciturus en el sistema constitucional ecuatoriano
Authors: Gaibor Gallardo Gonzalo M. 
Published: December 2023

El 04 de diciembre de 2014 fue interpuesta una acción pública de inconstitucionalidad en contra del segundo inciso del artículo 20 CONA. Según la parte accionante, el artículo en mención se contrapone al art. 45 de la Constitución del Ecuador que garantiza el derecho a la vida desde la concepción. Una errónea interpretación del segundo inciso del art. 20 CONA podría impedir las intervenciones quirúrgicas desde la fecundación del óvulo hasta su nacimiento, aun cuando estas se realicen para garantizar el derecho a la salud y a la vida del que está por nacer. A pesar de que no existían mayores argumentos que justificasen la interposición de la acción, la Corte Constitucional resolvió declarar su admisibilidad y realizar un amplio análisis acerca de la obligación constitucional del Estado de garantizar el derecho a la vida y la salud desde la concepción. Mediante sentencia N° 50-14-IN/22 la Corte Constitucional denegó la demanda de inconstitucionalidad interpuesta el 04 de diciembre de 2014 y confirmó la constitucionalidad de la norma. En el presente comentario queda en evidencia la posición que asume la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador a la luz del nuevo Estado de “derechos” y el régimen del “Buen vivir”.
Determinación del índice de condición del pavimento de las plataformas deportivas de concreto en las instituciones educativas del distrito de Jaén, Cajamarca
Authors: Muñoz Chuzón Anthony Alexis , Cruz Santos Adaly Elita 
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el índice de condición del pavimento (PCI, ASTM D6433-
11) de las plataformas de las instituciones educativas de Jaén. La evaluación se realizó mediante la inspección de patologías en las losas de concreto, registradas en fichas de inspección de campo, siendo las fallas de mayor incidencia la losa dividida, grietas lineales y daño del sello de junta. Ante esto se propusieron soluciones, como sellado de grietas para daños de nivel bajo o medio, y parcheo parcial de las losas. El PCI general fue del 61.19, clasificado como bueno según los estándares establecidos. Estos hallazgos aportan información para la planificación y asignación de recursos destinados a la conservación de infraestructuras deportivas en el distrito de Jaén, ofreciendo una base sólida para futuras intervenciones y mejoras.
Secuelas de los Sobrevivientes a SARS CoV2 a los 2 y 6 Meses Posterior a su Egreso Hospitalario
Authors: Tovar Méndez Iván , Ruiz Bárcenas María Yaquelín 
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Determinar secuelas de los sobrevivientes a SARS-CoV-2 a los 2 y 6 meses posteriores al egreso hospitalario. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo longitudinal. Pacientes egresados en periodo de diciembre 2021 – marzo 2022, mayores de edad con SARS-CoV-2 diagnosticado por PCR o prueba de antígenos, dados de alta del HGZ4 IMSS de Celaya, Guanajuato. Resultados: No se presentó cambios significativos en clasificación de gasometría de primera a segunda medición, en hombres la primera medición el porcentaje fue de 21.9% (7 casos) y disminuyo a 15.6% (5 casos), aumento en la segunda medición de 12.5% (4 casos) a 25% (8 casos), mujeres presentaron 21.4% (6 casos) y 17.9% (5 casos) en la primera y segunda medición respectivamente presentando disminución en alcalosis respiratoria compensada de 17.9% (5 casos) a 3.6% (1 caso), acidosis metabólica compensada aumento de 61.7% (37 casos) a 66.7% (40 casos). Bradicardia reportó aumento significativo (sig.<.05) al pasar de 0% a 8.3% (5 casos). Depresión leve fue de 30.0% y 28.3% en la primera y segunda medición respectivamente, en hombres disminución significativa (sig.<.05), ausencia de depresión de 50.0% (16 casos) a 68.8% (22 casos), debido a que los porcentajes de depresión moderada y leve disminuyeron. Conclusiones: Las secuelas de los sobrevivientes a SARS-CoV-2 fueron; acidosis metabólica compensada aumento de 61.7% (37 casos) a 66.7% (40 casos). Bradicardia aumento significativo (sig.<.05) al pasar de 0% a 8.3% (5 casos). Mayoría de casos no presento depresión y la depresión leve fue de 30.0% y 28.3% en la primera y segunda medición respectivamente, porcentaje ausencia de depresión de 50.0% (16 casos) a 68.8% (22 casos), porcentajes depresión moderada y leve disminuyeron. Secuelas neurológicas, el 18.3% (11) cambio de clasificación de primera a segunda medición, 8.3% (5) alto no normal a normal, 6.7% (4) de normal a alto no normal.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN JANGKA PANJANG PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR (PPI) TERHADAP IMUNITAS SALURAN GASTROINTESTINAL
Authors: Tri Nur Agustin  , Riska Junianti  , Puji Islamiah Hafitah  , Azzahra Khoti’ah , Siti Noerwanti  , Aisyahtun Nurhikmah  
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK
Inhibitor pompa proton (PPI) adalah sekelompok obat yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar asam lambung dan meredakan gejala yang disebabkan oleh asam lambung tinggi yang tidak normal. Dengan penggunaan PPI jangka panjang, sejumlah potensi efek samping dapat terjadi, dikhawatirkan efek samping tersebut dapat mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan PPI jangka panjang terhadap imunitas saluran cerna, khususnya sel epitel, keasaman, kualitas mukus, mikrobiota saluran cerna dan pengaruhnya terhadap neutrofil. Penelitian tentang efek jangka panjang penghambat pompa proton ( PPI) pada sistem kekebalan dan homeostasis saluran pencernaan, yang dicari melalui database Google Scholar , Pubmed Central dan sciencedirect dengan memasukkan kata kunci " proton pump inhibitors "" imun disfungsi "" kerugian "" Efek samping "" Mikroflora " dan " Infeksi saluran cerna " . Jurnal dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, yaitu artikel jurnal asli dengan rentang publikasi dari 2010 hingga 2020 dan teks lengkap yang dapat diakses. Sebanyak 13 jurnal dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Terdapat 3 jurnal tidak valid dan 10 jurnal valid jurnal membahas mengenai keasaman, lendir, mikrobiota, dan neutrofil. Sebagian besar jurnal yang diperoleh membahas efek PPI pada keasaman dan mikrobiota gastrointestinal. Penggunaan proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) jangka panjang dapat mempengaruhi imunitas gastrointestinal, terutama keasaman dan mikrobiota GIT.
Kata kunci: Inhibitor pompa proton, kekebalan, saluran pencernaan
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Dengan Penerapan Model Problem Based Instruction Siswa Kelas IV SDN 004 Bangkinang Kota
Authors: Rinaldi Edo , Lesmana Melvi 
Published: December 2023

This researd is based on the results of student on science subject grade IV SDN 004 Bangkinang City. One of the solution to solve this problem is to apply Problem Based Instruction model. The purpose of this researd is to describe the Improving of Science learning subject on topic environment changes by applying Problem Based Instruction Model at 4 grade students of SDN 004 Bangkinang city. The method of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) implemented in two cycles and each cycle held two meetings. Each cycle consists of two meetings and four phases, are planning, implementating, observating, reflecting, and schedule of this research begun from April until May 2017. The subjects thery are of this researd is student grade 4 of SDN 004 Bangkinang city. which 16 students, the are 10 male students, and 6 female students. of colection the techniques of used in this researd are observation, documentation, and test. Based on the results of learning is can be concluded that the first cycle is still quite average with an average of 74, then from 16 students only 12 students or 75% who achieve mastery individually. The result of Student learning in cycle II is good with an average of 86.60, and 14 students complete or 87.5% who achieve mastery individually. Thus it can be concluded that with the applications of Problem Based Instruction Model can improve the results of learning environmental changes at 4 grade students SDN 004 Bangkinang City
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Dengan Menerapkan Model Picture And Picture Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Yusra Novrianti , Indriyanto Indriyanto 
Published: December 2023

The aim of this researchis to describe the application of picture and picture model to improvethe learning outcomes of the knowing currency history at class III SDN 009 Ganting Salo district. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the application of picture and picture model to improve learning outcomes on the material of knowing currency history at class III SDN 009 Ganting Salo district. This research was conducted in class III SDN 009 Ganting Salo district. This research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle was held twice. The subject of this research is the students of class III SDN 009 Ganting Salo district which amounted to 18 people, with the number of male students 9 people, and female students 9 people. The techniques of collection Data used in this research are of observation, documentation, and evaluation. Based on the research results can be concluded that in the first cycle is still quite good with an average of 65,28. Then from 18 students only 11 students or 61,11% who achieve mastery individually. Students' learning outcomes in cycle II is quite good with an average of 71,94, and 15 students complete or 83,33% who achieve mastery individually. Thus it can be concluded that with the implementation of picture and picture model can be improve the learning outcomes of the knowing currency history at class III SDN 009 Ganting Salo Kampar district.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Dengan Menggunakan Media Papan Pintar Angka
Authors: Rahmayanti Mezi , Wahyuni Desri , Anggraini Desi 
Published: December 2023

This background of this research is the low ability of children to understand concept of numbers, one of the alternatives offered by researchers is the introduction of understand of numbers by . The research method used was classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles. Data collection methods used are observation, assignment and documentation. The results showed that the children's cognitive abilities in recognizing number symbols which developed very well in each indicator showed a good increase after the action was carried out in cycle II, where children could recognize number symbols 1-10 with a percentage of 90%, children could show number symbols 1-10 in sequence with a percentage of 90%, children paired symbol numbers 1-10 with picture media with a percentage of 90%, and children could name symbols of numbers 1-10 in sequence with a percentage of 90%.
Keywords: Cognitive Abilities, Smartboard number, Demonstration Learning Method
Pengembangan Kemampuan Bahasa Anak Dengan Menggunakan Media Bola Huruf
Authors: Susanti Elfarini , Wahyuni Desri , Rahmayanti Mezi 
Published: December 2023

This research is motivated by the low fine Language of Group B children at TK Dharmawanita Labuah Gunuang in Labuah Gunuang Village. One solution to address this issue is to implement Compile Letter Ball activities. This study aims to improve fine Language in Group B at TK Dharmawanita Labuah Gunuang in Labuah Gunuang Village. The research method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR). This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles, with two meetings in each cycle. Data collection techniques used were observation and documentation. The results of this research show an improvement in children's scores from the pre-action phase, Cycle I, to Cycle II, which can be described as follows: In the pre-action phase, 7 children or 63.64% had low scores (BB), then in Cycle 1, this decreased to 3 children or 27.27%, and in Cycle II, it became 0 children or 0%. The moderate score (MB) in the pre-action phase was 2 children or 18.18%, then in Cycle 1, it became 2 children or 18.18%, and in Cycle II, it became 0 children or 0%. The high score (BSH) in the pre- action phase was 1 child or 9.09%, then in Cycle 1, it became 3 children or 27.27%, and it remained at 3 children or 27.27% in Cycle II. The very high score (BSB) in the pre-action phase was 1 child or 9.09%, then in Cycle 1, it became 3 children or 27.27%, and in the end, in Cycle II, it increased to 8 children or 72.73%. Based on the above research results, the researcher recommends that teachers consider implementing Compile Letter Ball activities as an alternative method to enhance children's fine Bahasa.
Keywords: Language, Letter Ball , classroom action research