bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do AgNOR counts reflect cellular ploidy or cellular proliferation? A study of trophoblastic tissue
Authors: Suresh Uma R. , Chawner Linda , Buckley C. Hilary , Fox Harold 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is considerable debate as to whether AgNOR counts reflect cellular ploidy or cellular proliferation. Trophoblastic tissue from hydropic abortions and from hydatidiform moles offers an excellent model for analysing this problem. Thus, complete moles show considerable cell proliferation but are diploid, whilst partial moles show murkedly less cell proliferation but are triploid: hydropic abortuses are diploid and show no cellular proliferation, AgNOR counts in villous cytotrophoblastic cells from hydropic abortions and from complete hydatidiform moles are similar, but those in partial hydatidiform moles are 50 per cent higher than in either hydropic abortions or complete moles. Thus, in non‐neoplastic trophoblastic tissue AgNOR counts are clearly a reflection of ploidy rather than of cell proliferation.
Immunohistochemical determination of CD23 expression in Hodgkin's disease using paraffin section
Authors: Rowlands D. C. , Hansel T. T. , Crocker J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe leukocyte antigen CD23 is expressed during B‐cell development, and functions as an IgE receptor and a lymphocyte growth factor. We studied the expression of CD23 in paraffin sections of lymphoid tissue using the monoclonal antibody BU38. Fifteen cases of Hodgkin's disease, ten reactive lymph nodes, eight B‐cell, and seven T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas were analysed immunohistologically. CD23 positivity was seen on follicular dendritic cells and a small number of lymphocytes in reactive nodes. Thirteen of the 15 cases of Hodgkin's disease showed CD23 expression in both neoplastic cells and reactive lymphocytic infiltrate. The antigen was demonstrated in four of the B‐cell of the T‐cell tumours. CD23 may be important in mediating she mixed cellular infiltrate characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of altered intracellular localization of the c‐Myc oncogene product in human colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Williams Alistair R. W. , Piris Juan , Wyllie Andrew H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of the c‐myc oncogene product p62 was examined by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody Mycl‐9E10 in a series of 50 colorectal resections for carcinoma. The specimens were specially handled to ensure rapid fixation in formalin, and a significant improvement was shown in the quality and localization of staining compared with routinely handled specimens. Non‐neoplastic mucosa showed the presence of nuclear staining of epithelial ceiis in 93 per cent of the samples, whilst all carcinomas showed cytoplasmic staining and infrequent nuclear staining. Adenomas showed an intermediate pattern, with significantly more frequent cytoplasmic distribution than non‐neoplastic mucosa, but less than carcinomas. The results show that whilst fixation conditions are important in the immunolocalization of the C‐myc protein product, there may be a consistent difference between non‐neoplastic mucosa and carcinoma in the manner of association of p62 with the nucleus.
Androgen receptor heterogeneity in human prostatic carcinomas visualized by immunohistochemistry
Authors: De Winter Jacobus A. Ruizeveld , Trapman Jan , Brinkmann Albert O. , Boersma Wim J. A. , Mulder Eppo , Schroeder Fritz H. , Claassen Eric , Van Der Kwast Theodorus H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExpression of the human androgen receptor was examined in 26 primary prostatic carcinomas by immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody reactive with the N‐terminal domain of the human androgen receptor. Eighteen carcinomas showed homogeneous staining for the androgen receptor, whereas in seven cases a considerable heterogeneity in expression of the receptor was found. In one case, only a very limited number of immunoreactive tumour cells were detected. Comparison of androgen receptor expression with the tumour grading score, according to the MD Anderson grading system, revealed that the proportion of immunostained tumour cells and—to a lesser extent—the intensity of immunostaining were decreased in the more aggressive (grade III) tumours. The use of immunohistochemistry for detection of expression of androgen rereptor in prostatic carcinomas may become a new and sensitive method for predicting prostatic tumour behaviour under hormonal therapy and prognosis.
Natural killer cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Kernohan N. M. , Sewell H. F. , Walker F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing immunocytochemical techniques on fresh surgical samples, a series of 16 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) were examined to characterize further the host inflammatory response. Antibodies to the following cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens were used: CD‐3, CD‐4, CD‐8 (T‐cell markers), CD‐11b, CD‐14 (macrophage marker), CD‐16 [an antigen expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and granulocytes], and CD‐25. Also examined were a small number of other melanocytic lesions [two cases of lentigo maligna (Hutchinson's melanotic freckle) and five of intradermal naevi]. The results of the study document a population of cells with the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of NK cells in association with 10 of the 16 cases of CMM. These cells were consistently absent from the other melanocytic lesions studied. The presence of NK cells in association with some cases of CMM bears no clear relationship to the Breslow thickness, Clark level, tumour ulceration, or the presence of activated T cells as determined by expression of the CD‐25 antigen. Whilst an explanation for the significant numbers of NK cells in some CMM lesions is unclear, their presence in intimate association with tumour cells does prompt speculation regarding a possible role in determining the biological behaviour of the tumour. Additionally, the study has confirmed and extended previous findings with respect to the broad characterization of mononuclear cells present in the host infiltrate associated with CMM.
A quantitative analysis of the mesangium in children with IgA nephropathy: Sequential study
Authors: Suzuki Junko , Yoshikawa Norishige , Nakamura Hajime 
Published: June 2005

AbstractQuantitative analysis of the mesangial matrix and cells was performed on serial renal biopsies from 41 children with IgA nephropathy. In the repeat renal biopsy, nine patients showed a significant increase of mesangial matrix, 29 showed no change and in three there was a significant decrease. Eight of the nine patients (89 per cent) with a matrix increase had persistent proteinuria at the second biopsy, whereas only 14 of the 32 (44 per cent) without a matrix increase had persistent proteinuria (P<0.05). Although the mesangial matrix increased in patients with persistent proteinuria, there was no decrease in patients with clinical remission. In contrast to the mesangial matrix, mesangial cells significantly decreased in 23 patients, did not change in 16, and significantly increased in only two in the second biopsy. These findings suggest that mesangial matrix increase is usually an irreversible change and that persistent proteinuria is associated with matrix increase with worsening in glomerular morphology and clinical outcome. This study indicates the importance of serial renal biopsy in children with IgA nephropathy with persistent proteinuria.
Ki‐ras oncogene mutations in non‐HPV‐associated anal carcinoma
Authors: Hiorns Lynne R. , Scholefield John H. , Palmer James G. , Shepherd Neil A. , Kerr Ian B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHuman papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) DNA is found in a high proportion of anal squamous cell carcinomas in whose genesis it is thought to play an important role. In addition, it can be shown to cooperate in vitro with activated ras oncogenes in cellular transformation. We have therefore screened a series of such tumours for activating mutations of the ras oncogene family using DNA amplified in vitro by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a series of synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Mutations were seen in only two cases (both Ki‐ras codon 12), neither of which was HPV‐associated. Our results suggest that ras activation is not a common event in the genesis of these tumours and, when it does occur, it does not appear to cooperate with HPV.
The histological changes in transbronchial biopsy after treatment of acute lung rejection in heart‐lung transplants
Authors: Clelland Colin A. , Higenbottam Timothy W. , Stewart Susan , Scott John P. , Wallwork John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTransbronchial lung biopsies taken during episodes of acute lung rejection in heart‐lung transplant patients were examined histologically. When the diagnosis was confirmed by microscopy, the patients were treated with augmented immunosuppression by high‐dose corticosteroids. A second biopsy was obtained an average of 23.5 days after commencement of treatment. These biopsies were examined to determine the histological changes caused by treatment.In most cases, there were both quantitative and morphological differences between the infiltrates in acute rejection and in the remaining perivascular infiltrates after treatment. In acute rejection, 26 of 28 biopsies contained perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, lymphocytes being large and blast‐like. Although 20 of 28 follow‐up biopsies still contained perivascular infiltrates, they were smaller and the lymphocytes smaller in size. Half the biopsies in rejection contained neutrophils, but less than half contained eosinophils in the perivascular infiltrates. After treatment, all these cells were less numerous. Another feature of treated rejection was the presence of haemosiderin around vessels suggesting earlier acute vascular injury. However, haemosiderin persists long after the cellular infiltrate has disappeared and cannot be considered a reliable feature of recently treated acute lung rejection. The bronchiolar infiltrates showed a similar pattern of responses to the perivascular infiltrates.
Is immunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial carcinoma superior to the radioligand binding assay?
Authors: Snijders Marc P. , De Goeij Antony F. , Koudstaal Johan , Rousch Mat J. , Scheres Hubert M. , Stoot Jan E. , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate tissue and steroid receptor heterogeneity in endometrial carcinoma specimens as a possible source of discordance between biochemically assayed receptor status and response to endocrine treatment. For this purpose the oestrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR) levels in specimens from 16 endometrial carcinoma patients were analysed on adjacent tissue sections using both a radiochemical and an immunohistochemical assay. With immunohistochemical receptor analysis extensive tissue and tumour cell receptor heterogeneity was observed. Many tumour samples revealed up to 75 per cent contamination with benign tissue. In the majority of cases, evaluation of immunoreactivity in normal tissue elements of the specimen could explain the apparent discordance between semiquantitative immunohistochemical receptor scoring of tumour cells and radiochemical receptor assay.Immunohistochemical analysis of OR and PR in endometrial carcinoma specimens allows a more specific determination of tumour cell receptor content and hence may yield a more accurate prediction of response to endocrine therapy than the biochemical assay.
Mast cells, nerves and fibrosis in the appendix: A morphological assessment
Authors: Stead Ron H. , Franks Antony J. , Goldsmith Charles H. , Bienenstock John , Dixon Michael F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMast cells are closely associated with nerves in the mucosa of the appendix vermiformis, and obliteration of the appendiceal lumen by fibrous tissue is accompanied by neurogenous hyperplasia. However, changes in the density of mast cells in this process have not been reported. Accordingly, fibrosis was graded in haematoxylin and eosin sections from 46 samples of human appendix. This was compared with mast cell number in toluidine blue‐stained slides and nerve density in PGP9.5‐immunoreactive sections. In the mucosa, the mast cell number in the samples with minimal fibrosis was three times greater than in those classified as normal (P<0.0001), and this declined in the more fibrotic samples. The mucosal nerve scores paralleled the mucosal mast cell changes, and stereological analysis revealed a correlation of mast cell number and nerve density within the lamina propria of the same specimens (r=0.49–0.90). In the submucosa, mast cell numbers and nerve scores were not significantly different in the different histological grades and obliterated samples resembled normal submucosa, except that a dense axial block of nerve staining was often present. The progressive fibrotic changes in appendices provide a human model for studying the relationships of nerves, mast cells, and fibrosis in the gastrointestinal tract.
The sweat gland in graft versus host disease
Authors: Akosa A. B. , Lampert I. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSweat gland abnormalities occur much more frequently than hitherto described in cutaneous graft versus host disease (GVHD). Two patterns of abnormalities were identified in 80 per cent of cases of acute GVHD: a cytopathic pattern consisting of a combination of basal vacuolopathy with or without lymphocytic infiltration and basal cell degeneration, and a proliferative pattern consisting of basal cell hyperplasia. In chronic GVHD, complete sweat gland destruction with fibrosis was commonly observed. Squamous metaplasia and dilatation of the sweat glands were less frequently identified. Ki67 immunostaining confirmed proliferative activity in the basal cells of the distal duct. HLA‐DR antigens were expressed on the basal cells of the duct and secretory glands in acute GVHD but not in normal skin. Langerhans cells were absent in both normal and abnormal sweat glands. The role of HLA‐DR or Langerhans cells in the initiation of GVHD is questioned in the light of the new data and the primary involvement of proliferating cells is confirmed.
Fibronectin degradation; An in‐vitro model of neutrophil mediated endothelial cell damage
Authors: Forsyth Kevin D. , Levinsky Roland J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have observed that fibronectin has a characteristic fibrillar morphology within the extracellular matrix surrounding endothelial cells. This morphology, which is easily recognizable by conventional immunoperoxidase techniques, is disrupted if neutrophils are induced to degranulate on endothelial monolayers. Loss of the fibrillar morphology (degraded fibronectin) is characterized by fragmentation and diffuse spreading of fibronectin over the surface of the endothelial cells. Loss of the normal fibronectin architecture following neutrophil degranulation is more rapid and extensive in endothelium pretreated with Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1). In addition, there is loss from the fibronectin molecule of a chymotryptic protease‐sensitive epitope recognized by a cellular fibronectin specific antibody.Degraded fibronectin is stimulatory for neutrophils, and is likely to induce further fibronectin breakdown. This sequence has the potential to set up an amplification inflammatory loop with neutrophil mediated loss of vascular homeostasis. Alteration of fibronectin architecture is a useful marker of endothelial injury, and has important pathophysiological consequences.
Alpha‐smooth muscle actin as a marker for soft tissue tumours: A comparison with desmin
Authors: Jones Hugh , Steart Phillip V. , Boulay Clair E. H. Du , Roche William R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunoreactivity of a range of vascular and non‐vascular smooth muscle tumours, rhabdomyosarcomas, and non‐myoid lesions has been examined with the use of a monoclonal antibody to smooth muscle‐specific actin and the muscle intermediate filament, desmin. In all cases of smooth muscle‐derived tumours, the alpha‐actin antibody yielded superior results. Staining of the myofibroblasts of fibromatoses was also seen. In contrast to desmin, immunoreactivity was not exhibited by rhabdomyosarcomas. We propose that this monoclonal antibody to alpha‐smooth muscle actin is a useful addition to the panel of reagents used for the characterization of soft tissue proliferations and tumours. The technical aspects of the application of this monoclonal antibody to immunohistochemistry are discussed.
Silver stained nucleolar organizer region proteins (Ag‐NORs) as a predictor of prognosis in colonic cancer
Authors: Öfner D. , Tötsch M. , Sandbichler P. , Hallbrucker Chr. , Margreiter R. , Mikuz G. , Schmid K. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a one‐step silver nitrate staining technique, routinely processed tumour tissues of 49 carcinomas of the colon were investigated to demonstrate silver‐stained nucleoli (Ag‐nus) and argyrophilic proteins associated with the so‐called nucleolar organizer regions (Ag‐NORs). Patients with attempted curative resections and tumour stages Dukes' A, B, C1 and C2, with an uneventful follow‐up period of at least 48 months (N = 17), showed a statistically significant (P = 0·0001) lower mean number of scattered Ag‐NORs (3·04; SD: 1·08) compared to patients who developed metastases during their follow‐up period (N = 15; 5·40; SD: 1·28), as well as to patients who underwent palliative surgical treatment (N = 17; 4·48; SD: 1·67). Mean numbers of scattered Ag‐NORs per nucleus and staging of the tumour were strongly related (P = 0·0001) to cancer‐specific survival. The results indicate that the evaluation of silver‐stained particles according to their different distribution patterns is of great value with regard to the clinical outcome of colonic carcinoma and may even allow a more accurate prognostic assessment of these patients than the WHO grading system, UICC staging system, the so‐called Jass‐scoring system, and Dukes' classification.
A Morphometrically‐based classification rule for the diagnosis of primary mesothelial lesions
Authors: Robutti Flavio , Betta Pier‐Giacomo , Donna Adalberto , Pavesi Mansueto 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA computer‐aided morphometrical study was performed on histological specimens of reactive hyperplastic (n =10) and malignant (n=17) mesothelium. For each cell, seven nuclear features were measured and 13 parameters computed. Using stepwise variable selection, discriminant analysis chose the nuclear contour index, the standard deviation of the nuclear area, and the mean of the nuclear perimeter as discriminating features between hyperplastic and malignant mesothelium. The coefficients of these variables were included in a discriminant function which gave perfect discriminantion between the two groups of lesions. When the function was assessed on a test set of hyperplastic (n = 10) and egories was achieved. This classification rule may help to increase the level of confidence with which a histological diagnosis of mesothelioma can be established.
Distribution of type I collagen in human kidney diseases in comparison with type III collagen
Authors: Yoshioka Kazuo , Tohda Machi , Takemura Tsukasa , Akano Norihisa , Matsubara Kazunori , Ooshima Akira , Maki Sunao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of type I collagen in normal and diseased renal tissues was studied using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, and was compared with that of type III collagen. In normal human kidneys, a monoclonal antibody against type I or type III collagen reacted with the renal interstitium, but not with the intra‐glomerular structures. In various types of glomerulonephritis, immunofluorescent staining for type I collagen was positive in the fibrocellular and fibrous crescents, sclerosed glomeruli, and infrequently within the glomerular mesangium. In the crescents and sclerosed glomeruli, type I collagen was co‐localized with type III collagen. The staining intensity of type I collagen in those areas was generally stronger than that in the interstitium. Mesangial staining for type I collagen was Present within the glomeruli, particularly with a marked mesangial matrix increase, but was less in amount and frequency compared with type III collagen staining.These findings indicate that the fibrosclerotic process in damaged glomeruli is accompanied by the appearance of interstitial collagens, and that participation of type I collagen is prominent in crescent organization and global glomerular sclerosis, but is less frequent in mesangial expansion, compared with type III collagen.
Deduction from Wilms' tumour that glomerular podocytes produce the basement membrane material bearing goodpasture determinants
Authors: Droz Dominique , Diebold Nicole , Jan Dominique , Jaubert Francis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we tested frozen specimens from one Wilms' tumour composed of numerous glomeruloid bodies devoid of blood vessels, with monoclonal antibodies directed against vimentin, cytokeratin, CALLA/CD10, CD24, CR1/CD35, endothelium factor VIII, class I and II MHC molecules, laminin, fibronectin, and non‐collagenic domain NC1 of type IV collagen. Two reagents against Goodpasture determinants were used: P1 monoclonal antibody and serum IgG (GP antibodies) from a biopsy‐proven Goodpasture patient.Glomeruloid bodies comprised two cell types: a peripheral layer of parietal epithelial cells (cytokeratin and CD24‐positive) and central cell clumps of podocytes (vimentin and CALLA‐positive). The basal lamina surrounding the glomeruloid bodies contained laminin and NC1 domain of type IV collagen, while that present between the podocytes reacted strongly with laminin, and P1 and GP antibodies. Endothelium factor VIII was not detected within the glomeruloid bodies and CR1 molecules bound to the basement membrane material within them.These data favour the hypothesis that podocytes produce the basement membrane material which bears Goodpasture determinants recently identified as a novel chain, named the α3 chain, of type IV collagen.
Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis in the undescended testis
Authors: Cooper Kumarasen , Govender Dhirendra 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMultiple foci of micronodular or tubulopapillary structures were noted in the rete testis of 13 cases of undescended testes. These structures were lined by low columnar to cuboidal epithelium, showed back‐to‐back crowding, and were supported by a thin lamina propria. These changes, referred to as adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis, appear to be a frequent finding in the undescended testis. An age‐matched control group did not show any of these features.
The fate of vacuolation in liver cells with special reference to hyaline globules
Authors: Shibayama Yuro , Yahara Miyakichi , Nakata Katsuji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken in rats to clarify the mechanisms and time necessary for recovery from vacuolation in liver cells. Vacuoles were produced by congestion of the liver due to constriction of the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm, and changes in vacuoles were examined quantitatively and qualitatively until 24 h after release of the constriction. Vacuoles in liver cells decreased in number by half within 5 min after recovery from congestion. The remaining vacuoles metamorphosed to hyaline globules by condensation of the contents. The number of hyaline globules increased with a peak occurring at 3–6 h after recovery from congestion, although the number of vacuoles decreased gradually. Only a few small vacuoles and hyaline globules were found in liver cells in pericentral areas at 24 h after recovery from congestion. These data indicate that vacuoles may be discharged promptly from the liver cell cytoplasm after recovery from congestion, and the remaining vacuoles may metamorphose to hyaline globules by condensation of the contents and finally fade into the cytoplasm.