bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing and Implementing Interventions to Promote Health and Prevent Illness
Authors: Westmaas J Lee , Gil-Rivas Virginia , Silver Roxane Cohen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Warnings in the media are plentiful about the dangers of potential threats to our health such as flu pandemics, mad cow disease, and excessive use of pesticides and antibiotics. Although efforts to prevent such scenarios from becoming reality are well placed, many other health conditions in which individuals can play a role in their prevention are already taking the lives of millions of people. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that more than 440,000 smokers in the United States die prematurely every year from smoking-related diseases (CDC, 2002). In addition, although HIV infection has been known for more than a decade to be mostly preventable by behaviors such as using a condom, approximately 40,000 persons become infected with HIV each year (Glynn & Rhodes, 2005), and 4.3 million adults worldwide were newly infected with HIV in 2004 (UNAIDS, 2004). These sobering statistics point out the need to develop, and the challenge of developing, effective interventions to promote health and prevent illness.
The Origins and Scope of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Ronningstam Elsa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until recently, there was a common opinion that parenting pattern contributed to the development of PD. In the absence of early infant and parent–child interaction studies, and other family studies on the early origin of pathological narcissism and the etiology of adult NPD, each theoretical school derived its own hypothesis about the genesis of pathological narcissism that could explain the later development of NPD. According to the ego psychological object relation theory (O. Kernberg, 1989, 1998), a cold, frustrating parenting style (usually from a mother) with hidden aggression and indifference in an otherwise superficially well structured environment could implement the development of NPD. The child reacts with aggression, envy, devaluation, and resentment to early parental frustration. These earliest feelings of rage and envy form the core state which the narcissistic individual later defend himself against. Theories pertinent to the self and the “self-system” (Akhtar, 1997; Cooper 1998; Kohut, 1968, 1972) have stressed the lack of match or attunement between parent and child, and the parents’ repeated failures to empathically mirror their child’s affects and meet the needs of the child leading to a developmental arrest and the development of the grandiose self.
Phonology and Bilingualism
Authors: Sebastia´n-Galle´s Nu´ ria , Bosch Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, research about phonological processing in bilinguals is reviewed. Different domains within phonological processing are considered. We approach the different domains within phonology following the developmental sequence that infant research has proposed for early linguistic development. First, the question of when bilingual infants are able to distinguish between the two languages of exposure is addressed. This issue is approached from the perspective of the rhythmic hypothesis, and its consequences on adult speech processing are also discussed.
Selection Processes in Monolingual and Bilingual Lexical Access
Authors: Heij Wido La 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How do bilinguals selectively retrieve words from either the first or second language when both words express the same conceptual content? Formulated in this way, this problem is very similar to the one faced by monolinguals when a preverbal message does not uniquely specify a single lexical item (the ‘‘convergence problem’’). In this chapter, I argue that this convergence problem is nonexistent if one assumes that the preverbal message contains all necessary information, including affective and pragmatic features, to uniquely specify a single word. In monolinguals, these features may indicate the intention to use slang, formal language, or a euphemism.
The Recovery Movement: Consumers, Families, and the Mental Health System
Authors: Green-Hennessy Sharon , Hennessy Kevin D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the United States approximately 9% of adults, and a comparable number of children and adolescents, are estimated to have a mental illness with accompanying functional impairment (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 1999). While the direct and indirect financial costs of these illnesses to society are considerable (Kessler and Frank, 1997; HHS, 1999), the emotional costs to the persons so diagnosed and to their family and friends can be overwhelming (Druss et al., 2000; Felker et al., 1996; Harrison et al., 2001; Marsh and Johnson, 1997; Tennakoon et al., 2000). Unfortunately, the psychiatric symptoms experienced by individuals with mental illness represent only part of their difficulties. They also face a society that often reacts to these symptoms with fear and discrimination, a culture that traditionally has not respected their rights and has limited their opportunities, and a mental health system that at times has undermined the very healing it attempts to promote (Chamberlin, 1990; Link et al., 1999; Marsh, 2000; Wahl, 1999).
Energetics, Thermal Biology, and Torpor
Authors: Geiser Fritz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although most Australian bats have been isolated from bat species in other parts of the world for prolonged periods and may functionally differ, little detailed research has been conducted to determine how Australian bats cope with seasonal and short-term food shortages and adverse environmental conditions. This chapter provides a comparative summary about the limited information on the thermal biology and energetics of Australian bats. The data suggest that, in general, Australian bats are similar in their thermal characteristics and energy use to other bats. Thermal conductance of Australian bats is almost identical to what has been observed in other bat species, although conductance in some tropical taxa is higher than predicted. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of Australian bats tends to be somewhat below that predicted from allometric equations for bats and, in general, is well below that of placental mammals. However, BMRs of the insectivorous/carnivorous microbats (Microchiroptera) do not appear to differ from those of frugivorous/ nectarivorous megabats (Megachiroptera). Torpor appears to be common in Australian bats and has been observed in six of seven families: Pteropodidae (blossom-bats and tube-nosed bats), Emballonuridae (sheathtail bats), Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats), Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats), Vespertilionidae (long-eared and bentwing bats and others), and Molossidae (free-tailed bats). Australian vespertilionids (and likely members of other families) have the ability to enter deep and prolonged torpor in winter (i.e., hibernate) and members of the genus Nyctophilus have been observed entering brief bouts of torpor in the field on every day during the resting phase, even in summer. The body temperature (Tb) in some vespertilionids falls to minima between 2 and 5 oC and the metabolic rate (MR) during torpor can be as low as 3–4% of BMR. Small megabats (e.g., blossom-bats) enter daily torpor, their Tb falls to a minimum of 17–23 oC and their MR to about 50% of BMR. Unlike many other species, torpor in blossom-bats is more pronounced in summer than in winter, likely due to the low supply of nectar during the warm season. The low BMR and the high proclivity of Australian bats for using torpor suggest that they are constrained by limited energy availability and that heterothermy plays a key role in their life history. However, more.
Measurement, Correlates, and Importance of Oviposition Preference in the Life of Checkerspots
Authors: Singer Michael C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For almost all butterflies, oviposition preference is the principal mechanism by which the insect-host plant relationship is established. It is this trait of the insect that interacts with spatial distributions, abundances, and acceptabilities of plants to generate patterns of insect-host association across the landscape. There are a few putative exceptions. Parnassius apollo in Sweden and Melanargia galathea in Britain are described as scattering eggs without regard to host distributions (Ford 1945, Wiklund 1982). Nonetheless, all aspects of the distribution and abundance of butterflies are influenced by host plant relations.
Introduction
Authors: Sawyer R Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genius. Invention. Talent. And, of course, creativity. These words describe the highest levels of human performance. When we are engaged in the act of being creative, we feel we are performing at the peak of our abilities. Creative works give us insight and enrich our lives. Creativity is part of what makes us human. Our nearest relatives, chimpanzees and other primates, are often quite intelligent but never reach these high levels of performance. And although advanced “artificially intelligent” computer programs hold the world title in chess, and can crunch through mounds of data and identify patterns invisible to the human eye, they still cannot master everyday creative skills. In spite of its importance, creativity has not received much attention from scientists. Until very recently, only a few researchers had studied creativity. Most psychologists instead study what they believe are more fundamental mental properties—memory, logical reasoning, and attention. But in recent years psychologists—along with increasing numbers of sociologists, anthropologists, musicologists, theater experts, and art critics—have increasingly turned their attention to creativity. Because creativity is not a central topic in any of these fields, these scholars work without big research grants, and without a lot of attention from the leaders of their fields. Even so, their research findings have gradually accumulated, and our knowledge about creativity has now attained a critical mass. Perhaps for the first time, we hold in our grasp the potential to explain creativity.
Computational Approaches
Authors: Sawyer R Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In October 1997, an audience filed into the theater at the University of Oregon and sat down to hear a very unusual concert. A professional concert pianist, Winifred Kerner, was performing several pieces composed by Bach. Well, actually, not all of the pieces had been composed by Bach, although they all sounded like they were. This was a competition to determine who could best compose pieces in Bach’s style, and the audience’s task was to listen to three compositions, one by Bach and the others by two different composers, and then vote on which was the real thing.
Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Lyubomirsky Sonja , Dickerhoof Rene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the Second World War, the psychological study of human emotions and mental health has focused primarily on negative moods and pathological states, rather than on positive ones (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Recognizing this imbalance, researchers have been showing increased empirical interest in topics such as positive emotions, human strengths, and normative functioning. Yet a focus on negative and maladaptive behavior continues to persist. For example, entering “depression” as a keyword into PsycINFO, a popular search engine for the psychological sciences, yields well over 85,000 entries. The same search using “positive affect” as a keyword generates a comparatively paltry 4,000 results and “happiness” only about 2,000 results. Although researchers may never lose the undoubtedly natural and valuable inclination to study what is wrong with human behavior, they should not overlook the equally important question, “What is right with human behavior?” After all, the vast majority of individuals, including girls and women, report positive feelings most of the time (Diener & Diener, 1996).
Conclusions
Authors: Journel André G , Kyriakidis Phaedon C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many factors make the early prediction of recoverable reserves a difficult challenge that cannot be addressed by mere estimation/interpolation algorithms. These are: Data sparsity: when evaluating a new mining venture and the corresponding recoverable reserves, the data available are typically limited to a few drillholes and the related geological interpretation; in many cases bulk ore is not accessible.
First Footsteps
Authors: Hillary Sir Edmund 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Was Sixteen Before I ever saw a mountain. My father’s rapidly expanding bee business had occupied all my holidays, and I’d learned to do a full-size job before I entered my teens. But in the winter of 1935 I’d saved a little money and I was allowed to join a School Ski-ing Party to Ruapehu – one of our large New Zealand volcanoes. I was in the Lower Sixth Form at the time – a tall, bony, clumsy-looking youth, far from being the brightest lad in the class; and I don’t think I’d been more than fifty miles outside of Auckland. I’d heard glowing tales from the other boys about ski-ing holidays, but it didn’t mean a great deal to me – all I wanted was a chance to see the world.
I saw my first snow at midnight when we stepped off our train at the National Park station. There wasn’t much of it but it was a tremendous thrill, and before long snowballs, as hard as iron, were flying through the air. And as our bus carried us steadily up towards the Château, perched high on the mountain-side, its powerful lights sparked into life a fairyland of glistening snow and stunted pines and frozen streams. When I crawled into my bunk at two in the morning, I felt I was in a strange and exciting new world.
Everest 1953 – The First Barrier
Authors: Hillary Sir Edmund 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I believe that Eric Shipton has written to tell you about the change in the leadership of the 1953 Everest Expedition; you may, in any case, have seen press reports. I expect that you must be feeling puzzled and disappointed that this should have come to pass; it is most unfortunate that it should have happened in this way, and very bad luck on Eric Shipton.
However, you will, I am sure, agree with me that there is only one way of looking at it – we must go ahead with the planning with a firm determination to get to the top.
This is an interim letter to tell you that I am busy with the selection of the party and that I very much hope that you and Lowe will be ready to join the party; the proposed team will be approved by the Himalayan Joint Committee at the end of this month, and formal invitations will be sent through the New Zealand Alpine Club. Don’t be too disappointed if we cannot take more of your contingent.
Alive and Kicking: The Problematics of Political Psychobiography
Authors: Elms Alan C , Song Anna V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subjects studied by political psychobiographers are in many ways similar to other psychobiographical subjects. Political figures move through a lifetime of psychological development, engage in social interactions, reach and carry out decisions, make public statements, leave private records. In all those regards, the study of their lives presents the same challenges and offers the same opportunities for psychological analysis as the study of philosophers, creative artists, and scientific theorists. But a major subset of subjects within political psychobiography is distinctive in one important way: They are alive and kicking. They are not only not dead (in dramatic contrast to the subjects of most psychobiographies); they are also busily pursuing their political careers. They are current candidates for office, or occupants of elective or appointive office, or self-appointed leaders of nations and mass movements. However they got to where they are, their active political involvement presents their would-be psychobiographers with problems seldom encountered in other parts of the field.
General Aspects of Lysogeny
Authors: Campbell Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cell lines harboring latent viruses are common both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes. Prokaryotes harboring latent phages are lysogenic, and the latent form of the phage is called a prophage. Phages that can enter such a latent state are called temperate, although some authors erroneously refer to them as lysogenic. Lysogeny was discovered because some bacterial isolates spontaneously produce small amounts of infectious phage. It was later shown that lysogenic bacteria could arise during laboratory infection. Lysogeny is heritable within a bacterial lineage. When a lysogenic cell divides, both daughter cells harbor the pro-phage. Very occasionally, a lysogenic cell spontaneously lyses and liberates phage. Lwoff and Gutmann (5) demonstrated this by separating bacterial cells at division by micromanipulation and testing their descendants. Their results eliminated the possibility that lysogeny might be an artifact of reinfection within a culture.
Single-Stranded RNA Phages
Authors: Tsareva Jan Van Duin Nina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The single-stranded RNA coliphages were discovered by Tim Loeb and Norton Zinder in 1961 as the result of a search for phages whose infection cycle depends on E. coli F-pili, normally used for bacterial conjugation. Loeb and Zinder plated filtered samples of raw New York City sewage on E. coli strains and screened for phages that would produce plaques on male (F) but not female (F-) bacteria. The first isolate, named f1, turned out to be a filamentous phage with a single-stranded DNA genome; the second isolate, named f2, was an RNA-containing phage. Since f2 made clear plaques, Loeb and Zinder decided to concentrate their work on this phage (107). f2 and close relatives such as MS2 and R17 represented a superb source of pure messenger RNA that could be produced in large amounts: up to 1013 phage particles per milliliter are made within a few hours after infection of bacterial cultures, and the phages can be easily purified. RNA phages also attracted attention because scientists were intrigued about how their RNA genomes were replicated.
The Satellite Phage P4
Authors: Ghisotti Gianni Deho` Daniela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early 1960s Erich Six isolated a temperate bacteriophage, P4, that formed plaques only on Escherichia coli strains lysogenic for P2 or a P2-related phage (90, 91). Before long, it was established that P4 depended on the P2 helper phage for all morphopoietic and lysis ‘‘late’’ functions, and that the head and tail proteins of P4 virions were encoded by P2 (51, 92). Interestingly, the smaller P4 genome, encapsidated into a smaller head (figure 26-1), did not bear any substantial similarity to P2 DNA and was independent of the helper for DNA replication and host lysogenization (68, 91, 92). The functional and structural unrelatedness of the two replicons clearly indicated that P4 was not a defective P2 but an independent entity and the prototype of ‘‘satellite viruses,’’ genetic elements that exploit unrelated viruses for viral propagation.
Assessing Understanding and Appraisals During Emotional Experience:The Development and Use of the Narcoder
Authors: Stein Nancy L , Hernandez Marc W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Assessing the experience and understanding of emotion, especially in real-world situations, is a complex, daunting task. One reason for the difficulty is that information about emotion is expressed through many different modalities (Lewis & Haviland-Jones, 1993, 2000). The face (Ekman, 1977, 1992), the melody of the voice (Fernald, 1984), body posture, hand gesture (McNeill, 1992), and language (Stein, Trabasso, & Liwag, 1993) all carry information about emotion. Physiological measures of heart rate, blood pressure, and evoked response potentials (ERPs) also allow us to describe the physical and biological processes (LeDoux & Phelps, 2000) that occur during emotional experience. Information contained in one channel may be unique and not available in other channels. For example, the melodic expression of the voice carries critical information about the intent of the speaker, as well as information about the valence of the feeling states the speaker is experiencing. The simple expression, “Don’t touch the plug on the wall,” uttered to a 2-year-old child, can have two or three different meanings, depending on the prosodic tone and other nonverbal behaviors that accompany the utterance. Similarly, the hands can be used to gesture and convey information about valence, emphasis, intent, and mood of the moment that may or may not be expressed in other modalities. Physiological indicators, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and ERPs, can assess the intensity with which emotion is experienced, whether or not incoming information is registered in any way, and the different parts of the brain that are affected by the experience.
The Time Sampling Diary (TSD) of Emotional Experience in Everyday Life Situations
Authors: Brandstätter Hermann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following the flow of a person’s experiences and activities over a longer period of time in his or her daily life is not just difficult; it is virtually impossible. A person moving around all the time, pursuing simultaneously several goals, entering inaccessible private settings, protecting thoughts and feelings against unwanted detection by interaction partners or observers; all this makes observation and recording extremely cumbersome. For many research questions, retrospective diaries— reporting in the late evening on the events, thoughts, feelings, and actions of the preceding day—are not close enough to the process to be studied. People may not remember or may not find worthwhile reporting what they remember. Thus self-report time sampling of experience in situ is an alternative that gives access to any kind of situation, provides representative data, and keeps the effort for the participant and the researcher still at a tolerable level.
Sleep Problems: Insomnia, Daytime Sleepiness, and Disruptions During the Night
Authors: Ahlskog J Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How we sleep affects our waking hours. Poor sleep translates into poor day-time performance. For those with PD, sleep is frequently disordered and this affects the waking day, including control of parkinsonism. Insomnia is a common problem in the general population and increases with aging. When we are young, we typically have no trouble getting adequate sleep. Teenagers left undisturbed on a Saturday morning will sleep till noon. As we age, getting to sleep or staying asleep often becomes increasingly difficult. Sometimes this relates to life stressors; lying in bed ruminating about the day’s events is a frequent cause of insomnia. Depression is a common human affliction and insomnia may be one symptom. Finally, some people simply have insomnia as part of their constitutional makeup.