bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait Sensing and Haptic Feedback Using an Inflatable Soft Haptic Sensor
Authors: Quinones Yumbla Emiliano , Rokalaboina Jahnav , Kanechika Amber , Poddar Souvik , Nibi Tolemy M. , Zhang Wenlong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Collecting gait data and providing haptic feedback are essential for the safety and efficiency of robot-based rehabilitation. However, readily available devices that can perform both are scarce. This work presents a novel method for mutual sensing and haptic feedback, through the development of an inflatable soft haptic sensor (ISHASE). The design, modeling, and characterization of ISHASE are discussed. Four ISHASEs are embedded in the insole of a shoe to measure ground reaction forces and provide haptic feedback. Four participants were recruited to evaluate the performance of ISHASE as a sensor and haptic device. Experimental results indicate that ISHASE can accurately estimate user’s ground reaction forces while walking, with a maximum and a minimum accuracy of 91% and 85%, respectively. Haptic feedback was delivered to four different locations under the foot, and users could identify the location with an average 92% accuracy. A case study that exemplifies a rehabilitation scenario is presented to demonstrate ISHASE’s usefulness for mutual sensing and haptic feedback.
Modeling Interfacial Oxidation of Cylindrically Curved Silicon Surfaces Including Dependencies on Stress From Coupled Elastic Analysis
Authors: Delaney Brian C. , Blanchet Thierry A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our model, treating oxide as solid annulus freely expanded from the silicon (Si) consumed due to increased molecular volume whose geometry enables closed-form expression of time as a function of thickness in constant-parameters case, was revised in non-dimensional form maintaining the appearance of the original Si radius. While this constant-parameters case describes oxide thickness decreasing with decreasing Si radius in concave cases as reported from the experiment, in convex cases thickness is instead described to increase with decreasing Si radius, contradicting published experimental observations. Performing stress analysis displacing surfaces of expanded oxide and remaining Si back to their shared interface, stress-dependent solubility, diffusivity, and reaction rate were investigated toward resolving this discrepancy between the model and reported experiments. With stress-dependent parameters, closed-form expression of time as a function of oxide thickness is no longer achieved, with numerical integration instead required to compute oxidation times. If considering solubility or diffusivity to increase with hydrostatic stress or reaction rate to decrease with increasing interface pressure radially, as hypothesized, increasing oxide thickness with decreasing original Si radius in convex cases remains predicted, in conflict with experimental reports in the literature. It is shown that the experimental observation of an oxide thickness decreasing with decreasing Si radius in convex cases is possible if considering reaction rate to instead increase with increasing interfacial pressure. The same may be possible if considering solubility or diffusivity to instead decrease with increasing hydrostatic stress, tuning activation energies describing the strength of such dependence.
The Effects of Rotation and Solidity on the Aerodynamic Behavior of Low-Pressure Axial Flow Fans
Authors: Venter Adam J. , Owen Michael T. F. , Muiyser Jacques 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Implicit axial flow fan models are commonly used for the numerical analysis of industrial heat exchanger systems. However, these fan models perform poorly within the often complex off-design flow environments characteristic of these systems, as their low-order formulations lose applicability under highly 3D flow conditions. At off-design flow conditions, rotation and blade solidity effects cause physical fan blade behavior to deviate from the anticipated 2D behavior characterized by the implicit models. Physical fan blade behavior at off-design flow conditions, however, remains uncertain and the specific effects of rotation and solidity are not yet widely understood. This study investigates off-design fan blade behavior by presenting explicit 3D computations of two low-pressure axial flow fans. The effects of rotation and blade solidity are then identified through a side-by-side comparison of the computed 3D fan blade data against isolated 2D airfoil data. The rotating fan blade lift characteristics are shown to be distinct from the comparative 2D airfoil trends. At low-flow (off-design) operating conditions, rotation establishes large radial flow movements, and the high blade solidities cause standing vortices to develop within the rotating blade passages. The radial outflow energizes the blades' boundary layers, and the vortices inhibit the flow from separating from the blades' surfaces. Consequently, blade stall is avoided and high lift coefficient values are realized. The presented fan blade lift characteristics are unique relative to literature on other turbomachines of lower blade solidity, highlighting the importance of considering solidity effects in implicit rotor model developments.
Evaluation of Thermoacoustic Instability for Chemically Reacting Flows Using Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Lim Wei Xian , Chan Wai Lee , Elhadidi Basman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thermoacoustic instability for chemically reacting flows was investigated using large eddy simulations coupled with a lookup table for turbulence-chemistry closure. The onset of instability was evaluated from pressure fluctuations, as well as standard and extended Rayleigh criterion, as suggested in literature. Two configurations were considered, namely, a canonical Rijke tube and a simplified can combustor with a swirling flow injector representing a complex generalized geometry. For the Rijke tube, premixed and nonpremixed combustion models were applied for identical fuel flowrate, resulting in different thermoacoustic outcomes due to differences in reaction rates of the two flame regimes. Results from the Rijke tube case agree with analytic thermoacoustic theory. For the can combustor, only premixed chemistry was considered as it better represents the experimental conditions, and the first resonant pressure mode aligns reasonably with published experimental data. Findings suggest that, if thermoacoustic instability is detected, the resonant frequency can be deduced from the fluctuations of the pressure, heat release, or acoustic source term. However, even though the resonant frequency is correctly identified, fluctuation data alone is insufficient to identify the onset of thermoacoustic instability, requiring the additional application of Rayleigh criterion. Finally, this study concludes that, for the range of configurations evaluated here, the standard Rayleigh criterion is sufficient to determine the onset of thermoacoustic instability, so the extended Rayleigh criterion is not always necessary, in contrast to suggestions from previous work. This conclusion is significant because the standard Rayleigh criterion is the only practical evaluation for physical experiments.
Energy Performance Prediction Model for Mixed-Flow Pumps by Considering the Effect of Incoming Prerotation
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Xionghuan , Bai Ling , Wang Hui , Ji Leilei , Zhou Ling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mixed-flow pump is one of the most broadly applied sorts of power equipment in the field of petrochemical and water conservancy. The effect of inlet prerotation on the energy characteristics and operational stability of a pump is a significant consideration. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between inlet prerotation and the total energy consumption of a mixed flow pump by developing a predictive model. The impact of prerotation on the pumping performance and energy conversion for a typical mixed-flow pump has been investigated by a combined approach of theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, and experimental verification. Validation of the numerical methods was achieved by comparing the results to the experimentally obtained data. A prediction model was developed for head and power, which incorporated inlet prerotation. The study utilized a mathematical model and numerical simulation to compute the head and power output of a mixed-flow pump for a wide range of inlet prerotation angles. The results of the two methods were highly consistent. Moreover, the effects of prerotation on the flow structure of the mixed-flow pump were analyzed. It was found that prerotation led to an increase in the incoming flow angle, resulting in unstable flow patterns causing secondary flows and low-pressure vortex in the impeller flow path. This induced a rise in energy consumption of the impeller. The prediction model and analysis of the internal flow structure provide a theoretical foundation for predicting the hydraulic performances of mixed-flow pumps under prerotation conditions and improving their stability of operation.
Clinical Outcomes of Diffuse Angiogram‐Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Versus Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
Authors: Lu Guang‐Dong , Wang Cheng , Zhao Lin‐Bo , Shi Hai‐Bin , Liu Sheng 
Published: December 2023

Background
The outcome of diffuse angiogram‐negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (dan‐SAH) compared with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare outcomes using propensity score matching.

Methods and Results

Sixty‐five patients with dan‐SAH and 857 patients with aSAH admitted between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching resulted in matching 65 patients with dan‐SAH to 260 patients with aSAH, and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Compared with patients with dan‐SAH, patients with aSAH were more likely to experience rehemorrhage (8.8% versus 0%,
P
=0.027), death (11.2% versus 1.5%; odds ratios [OR] 8.04 [95% CI, 1.07–60.12];
P
=0.042), or delayed cerebral ischemia (12.3% versus 3.1%; OR, 4.42 [95% CI, 1.03–18.95];
P
=0.045). Multivariate analysis revealed that Hunt–Hess grade 4 to 5 (OR, 3.13 [95% CI, 2.11–4.64];
P
<0.001), presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 3.58 [95% CI, 1.72–7.46];
P
=0.001), and smoking (OR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.12–5.28];
P
=0.024) were independently associated with the incidence of unfavorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale score >2 at 3 months), whereas dan‐SAH was not (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.25–1.73];
P
=0.40).

Conclusions
Compared with patients with dan‐SAH, patients with aSAH had higher rehemorrhage rates and in‐hospital mortality, as well as a higher incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia. Unfavorable outcomes were associated with admission Hunt–Hess grade, the presence of intravenetricular hemorrhage, and smoking history, but there was no relation with the pathogenesis of the hemorrhage (dan‐SAH versus aSAH).
Quantitative Prediction of Right Ventricular Size and Function From the ECG
Authors: Duong Son Q. , Vaid Akhil , My Vy Thi Ha , Butler Liam R. , Lampert Joshua , Pass Robert H. , Charney Alexander W. , Narula Jagat , Khera Rohan , Sakhuja Ankit , Greenspan Hayit , Gelb Bruce D. , Do Ron , Nadkarni Girish N. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and end‐diastolic volume (RVEDV) are not readily assessed through traditional modalities. Deep learning–enabled ECG analysis for estimation of right ventricular (RV) size or function is unexplored.

Methods and Results

We trained a deep learning–ECG model to predict RV dilation (RVEDV >120 mL/m
2
), RV dysfunction (RVEF ≤40%), and numerical RVEDV and RVEF from a 12‐lead ECG paired with reference‐standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging volumetric measurements in UK Biobank (UKBB; n=42 938). We fine‐tuned in a multicenter health system (MSH
original
[Mount Sinai Hospital]; n=3019) with prospective validation over 4 months (MSH
validation
; n=115). We evaluated performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for categorical and mean absolute error for continuous measures overall and in key subgroups. We assessed the association of RVEF prediction with transplant‐free survival with Cox proportional hazards models. The prevalence of RV dysfunction for UKBB/MSH
original
/MSH
validation
cohorts was 1.0%/18.0%/15.7%, respectively. RV dysfunction model area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for UKBB/MSH
original
/MSH
validation
cohorts was 0.86/0.81/0.77, respectively. The prevalence of RV dilation for UKBB/MSH
original
/MSH
validation
cohorts was 1.6%/10.6%/4.3%. RV dilation model area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for UKBB/MSH
original
/MSH
validation
cohorts was 0.91/0.81/0.92, respectively. MSH
original
mean absolute error was RVEF=7.8% and RVEDV=17.6 mL/m
2
. The performance of the RVEF model was similar in key subgroups including with and without left ventricular dysfunction. Over a median follow‐up of 2.3 years, predicted RVEF was associated with adjusted transplant‐free survival (hazard ratio, 1.40 for each 10% decrease;
P
=0.031).

Conclusions
Deep learning–ECG analysis can identify significant cardiac magnetic resonance imaging RV dysfunction and dilation with good performance. Predicted RVEF is associated with clinical outcome.
Impact of Obesity on Atrial Fibrillation Pathogenesis and Treatment Options
Authors: Sha Rina , Baines Olivia , Hayes Abbie , Tompkins Katie , Kalla Manish , Holmes Andrew P. , O'Shea Christopher , Pavlovic Davor 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and hospitalization. Obesity significantly increases AF risk, both directly and indirectly, through related conditions, like hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Obesity‐driven structural and electrical remodeling contribute to AF via several reported mechanisms, including adiposity, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, ion channel alterations, and autonomic dysfunction. In particular, expanding epicardial adipose tissue during obesity has been suggested as a key driver of AF via paracrine signaling and direct infiltration. Weight loss has been shown to reverse these changes and reduce AF risk and recurrence after ablation. However, studies on how obesity affects pharmacologic or interventional AF treatments are limited. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which obesity mediates AF and treatment outcomes, aiming to provide insight into obesity‐drug interactions and guide personalized treatment for this patient subgroup.
Beyond Segment Inventories: Phonological Complexity Measures and Suprasegmental Variables in Contact Situations
Authors: Napoleão de Souza Ricardo , Sinnemäki Kaius 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article has three goals. First, it provides a broad cross-linguistic survey of phonological change in contact situations focusing on the suprasegmental domain. The term suprasegmental refers here to syllable structure, stress patterns, tonal patterns, and vowel and nasal harmony systems. Secondly, it assesses phonological change to suprasegmental variables whereby external influence causes an increase in complexity in the recipient language’s structure. Thirdly, using insights from the phonological typology literature, it provides a preliminary framework to evaluate suprasegmental phenomena, which can then serve as an additional tool to disentangle inheritance from contact-induced change. Data from 45 languages suggest that the suprasegmental domain provides fertile ground for inspecting contact-influenced increases in linguistic complexity. Overall, we argue that the data reviewed here highlight the relevance of phonological structure as a variable in studies of language contact, which have been mostly preoccupied with morphosyntactic variables.
ASEAN and the Major Powers in the South China Sea: the Role of Law, Diplomacy, and Deterrence in Moderating Sovereignty Claims
Authors: Nathan K.S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article focuses on the rising strategic significance of the South China Sea for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the major powers. It traces the origins of the South China Sea (SCS) dispute, and the claimants that are directly involved (China, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei). It then examines why balance of power considerations have influenced and continue to influence the role of regional states as well as the major external powers (China, United States, India, and Japan, together with other interested middle powers such as Australia and Canada). It argues that the SCS is an international maritime regime (global commons), and therefore subject to the principles and practice of International Law, specifically United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Any attempt at nationalisation of the SCS will be rejected under international law, as evidenced by the 2016 decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), with respect to the submission in 2013 by the Philippines on its dispute with China, for compulsory arbitration by the The Hague Court. It notes the lack of unity in ASEAN over how to deal with China’s assertive conduct in the SCS. It suggests that only a dynamic balance of power approach, which includes external power engagement with regional interests, will create the necessary space for diplomacy and dialogue by upholding the primacy of the rule of law, freedom of the open seas, and the legitimate rights and interests of all claimant states. It concludes that law, politics, diplomacy, and deterrence are interactive variables requiring strategic management to promote shared interests, stability and security in the South China Sea.
Digital Innovations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Facebook Use for Local E-Governance in the Province of South Cotabato
Authors: Bajar Jayson Troy Ferro , Porsche-Ludwig Markus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The full-scale adoption of digital technologies in Filipino social life became more apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. The abrupt emergence of this global catastrophe challenged many to shift to digital infrastructures instantaneously, similar to how local government units (LGU s) implemented their e-governance initiatives. Following a case study design, this article sought to find out how local governments carry out digital innovations, specifically the Province of South Cotabato which can be considered exemplary in this area based on awards it received. A total of 524 Facebook posts, gathered from the first quarter of 2021, were examined using quantitative content analysis. Findings of this study revealed that the LGU s (city, municipality and province) demonstrated “prioritization,” “appropriation,” and “amplification” in fulfilling adjunct roles of being public administrators and content creators at the same time. This article strongly recommends the development of a scientifically informed social media policy framework for government entities.
Fiscal transparency and tax morale: is the relationship shaped by perceptions of government performance and corruption?
Authors: Hsu Hung-Yi 
Published: December 2023

The potential of fiscal transparency to improve tax morale (or the willingness to pay taxes) has been widely studied. However, the strength of the fiscal transparency-tax morale relationship may depend on how citizens perceive government performance and corruption. To probe these questions, this study draws on data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017–2022), comprising 70,203 respondents from 48 countries, as well as various international governance indicators. The findings suggest that when individuals perceive more government corruption, fiscal transparency is associated with lower tax morale. In contrast, when individuals perceive better government performance, fiscal transparency has limited influence on tax morale. The results imply that the effect of fiscal transparency on tax morale is context dependent and, moreover, may backfire in countries with high levels of perceived corruption. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. Points for practitioners Citizens’ perceptions of government may influence their reactions to fiscal transparency. Efforts to boost willingness to pay taxes through greater fiscal transparency should also consider citizens’ views on government corruption.
Framing the Transfer Experience for Community College Students: Connection, Preparation, Support, Advocacy, and Resilience
Authors: Sandoval-Lucero Elena , Lindsey Janell , Klingsmith Libby , Chavez Rebecca 
Published: December 2023

Objective/Research Question: This practitioner-scholar study investigated perceptions and experiences of community college students who transferred upon completion of their associate degree programs in Colorado, a state with multiple state-level transfer policies. Each student participated in a cohort-based transfer support program offered at their community college. The research questions were: 1. Do community college students who participated in transfer programing while earning their associate degree perceive that it helped prepare them for successful transfer? 2. Do community college students perceive that their courses prepared them to be successful at a university? 3. What are the perceptions and experiences of community college students who transferred upon completion of their associate degree programs within a context of a state with multiple transfer policy initiatives? Methods: This study used a phenomenological approach and qualitative data collection methods. Results: While students believed their community colleges prepared them academically, and their transfer preparation programing was beneficial, their reflections highlight that regardless of support provided, academic preparation, or policy context, transfer from community college to university is challenging, problematic, and bureaucratic. Often community college students are viewed with a deficit lens by university staff. Conclusions/Contributions: Regardless of state policy context, transfer preparation, and support, obstacles encountered in the transfer process from community college to university must be negotiated through relationships and advocacy both on the part of college staff and the students themselves. However, students who transfer from a college with dedicated transfer support and preparation demonstrate resilience to complete the process successfully.