bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life history of a high‐class noblewoman from the late Shu state in the Chengdu Plain during the Eastern Zhou period (770–221 BC): Childhood stresses and stable life
Authors: Yi Bing , Yuan Haibing , Wang Tianyou , Cao Doudou , Yang Yingdong , Hu Yaowu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis preliminary study aims at reconstructing the life history, including dietary patterns, mobility, and health conditions, of a high‐class noblewoman (M154) from the late Shu state (晚蜀), the period of Kai Ming regime (開明氏), in the Shuangyuan Village Cemetery of the Eastern Zhou period (770–221 BC), Chengdu Plain, China, as a way to provide a glimpse into the human lifeway in the late Shu culture period under the impact of non‐local cultures. We combined skeletal pathological observations with multi‐isotope (carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) analyses of bone collagen, enamel, and dentin serial sections and analyzed multi‐tooth enamel from the remaining 10 humans in the cemetery as comparative data. The results suggest that the occupant of M154, a female who died at around 30 years of age, consumed mainly rice (C3‐based crop) and high animal protein throughout her life, was weaned at 2–3 years of age, experienced physiological stresses after weaning and at 7–8 years of age but recovered from both rapidly (less than a year), which probably was related to better care, and that the timing of physiological stress embodied in isotopic profiles from incremental dentin sections is consistent with the observed enamel hypoplasia and cribra orbitalia. She more likely lived with the local population from childhood to adolescence and did not experience long‐distance migrations. After 7–8 years of age, she consumed relatively stable food resources and lived a stable life until death. Here, we show the stable and well‐cared‐for life history of a high‐ranking noble of the late Shu state, providing new insights into the study of the ancient Shu people and a reference for further research.
Blood Eosinophil Percentage and Improved Sinus CT Score as Diagnostic Tools for ECRS
Authors: Li Fengzhen , Wang Shenglei , Cha Xudong , Li Tengfei , Xie Yingqi , Wang Wenwen , Ren Wenwen , Liao Jianchun , Liu Huanhai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveDifferentiating 2 types of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is important for the treatment. The current diagnostic methods using single indicators, including peripheral blood eosinophils and traditional sinus computed tomography (CT) scores, are not accurate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of combining peripheral blood eosinophils and improved sinus CT scores for eosinophic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS).Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsWe conducted a study involving 81 patients with CRSwNP. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the non‐ECRS and ECRS groups. Improved three‐dimensional volume image analysis and Lund‐Mackay scoring system were performed to quantify the thickening of sinus mucosa. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to detect the predictive value of the scoring indicators. For significant indexes, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied.ResultsThe ECRS group had higher levels of blood eosinophil percentage and count, ethmoid sinus score, total sinus score, the ratio of ethmoid sinus score and maxillary sinus score, and the difference between ethmoid and maxillary score, compared to the non‐ECRS group (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both blood eosinophil percentage and the improved E − M score (subtraction of ethmoid and maxillary sinus scores) were significant predictors of ECRS diagnosis (P < .01). ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of improved E − M score and blood eosinophil percentage had a higher diagnostic value compared to either factor alone (area under the curve = 0.874).ConclusionOur study suggested the combination of improved total ethmoid sinus‐maxillary score and blood eosinophil percentage is more accurate in predicting the diagnosis of ECRS.
Lung relapse pattern in children with metastatic Wilms tumor
Authors: Fichera Giulia , Bisogno Gianni , Affinita Maria Carmen , Causin Francesco , Giraudo Chiara , Tagarelli Arianna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal cancer, and lungs represent the major site of metastasis and recurrence. Relapse occurs in 15%, months or years after treatment; so due to the small sample, acquiring more data about the pattern of lung relapse remains a challenge. The aim of our study was to evaluate if pulmonary relapse, detected by computed tomography (CT), occurred at the initial site of lung metastases or in a different location. According to our data, the CT pattern of lung relapse showed high probability of recurrence at the same site of initial metastasis.
Identification of cyclooxygenase‐II inhibitory saponins from fenugreek wastes: Insights from liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics, molecular networking, and molecular docking
Authors: Khalil Asmaa M. , Sabry Omar M. , El‐Askary Hesham I. , El Zalabani Soheir M. , Eltanany Basma M. , Pont Laura , Benavente Fernando , Elshewy Ahmed , Fayek Nesrin M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis research explores sustainable applications for waste generated from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum), a plant with both nutritional and medicinal uses. The study specifically targets waste components as potential sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds.ObjectivesThe focus is to conduct detailed metabolic profiling of fenugreek waste, assess its anti‐inflammatory properties by studying its cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory effect, and correlate this effect to the metabolite fingerprint.Materials and MethodsEthanolic extracts of fenugreek fruit pericarp and a combination of leaves and stems were subjected to untargeted metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry integrated with online database searches and molecular networking as an effective dereplication strategy. The study also scrutinized the COX inhibitory capabilities of these extracts and saponin‐rich fractions prepared therefrom. Molecular docking was employed to investigate the specific interactions between the identified saponins and COX enzymes.ResultsThe analysis led to the annotation of 81 metabolites, among which saponins were predominant. The saponin‐rich fraction of the fruit pericarp extract displayed the strongest COX‐II inhibitory activity in the in vitro inhibition assay (IC50 value of 81.64 ± 3.98 μg/mL). The molecular docking study supported the selectivity of the identified saponins towards COX‐II. The two major identified saponins, namely, proto‐yamogenin 3‐O‐[deoxyhexosyl (1 → 2)] [hexosyl (1 → 4)] hexoside 26‐O‐hexoside and trigofenoside A, were predicted to have the highest affinity to the COX‐II receptor site.ConclusionIn the present study, we focused on the identification of COX‐II inhibitory saponins in fenugreek waste through an integrated approach. The findings offer valuable insights into potential anti‐inflammatory and cancer chemoprotective applications of fenugreek waste.
Examining student adherence within a cover‐copy‐compare intervention
Authors: Nelson Kaytlin A. , Eckert Tanya L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCover‐copy‐compare is a self‐management intervention strategy developed to improve students' academic performance, particularly in spelling. In academic intervention research, it is often assumed that students are completing the intervention as intended, yet this is seldom examined during intervention implementation or subsequent data analysis. The primary aim of this study was to retrospectively examine students' cover‐copy‐compare permanent products to assess their ability to adhere to the intervention and to examine whether intervention adherence influences intervention effectiveness. A secondary data analysis of 86 third‐grade students participating in two randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of cover‐copy‐compare on writing productivity was conducted. Results indicated that students' adherence to the cover‐copy‐compare intervention was high, and students' preintervention spelling performance and intervention adherence emerged as statistically significant predictors of students' postintervention spelling performance. Limitations of the study and implications for assessing students' intervention adherence are discussed.
Cadmium accumulation dynamics in the rice endosperm during grain filling revealed by autoradiography
Authors: Hirose Atsushi , Tanoi Keitaro , Nakanishi Tomoko M. , Kobayashi Natsuko I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental pollutants contaminated in our food. Several previous reports showed that rice polishing cannot be efficient to reduce Cd content in white rice, implying the characteristic Cd distribution in rice grain. However, Cd distribution has not been fully elucidated so far. Herein, 109Cd radiotracer experiment was performed using the rice seedlings at various time points after flowering to obtain autoradiographs of the brown rice to visually understand the Cd transport and distribution during the grain‐filling process. It was shown that 109Cd accumulated in the outermost area of the brown rice, and also in the middle part of the starchy endosperm, resulting in the appearance of the double circle distribution pattern, which was not observed in the autoradiographs of 65Zn. The inner circle of 109Cd located around the center of the endosperm was developed particularly at around 8 and 10 days after flowering. After this period, 109Cd started to deposit at the outer part of the endosperm, which was also found in the autoradiograph of 14C‐sucrose. Considering the physiology of grain development, the contribution of water transport and protein synthesis in the endosperm on the characteristic Cd distribution pattern was hypothesized.
Identification of a rare [Gγ(Aγδβ)0] ‐thalassemia using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bellad Anikha , Rangiah Kannan , Sathe Gajanan , Dey Gourav , Appadorai Pragalatha Kumar , Lokanatha Hemalatha , Murthy Pradeep Rudra , Gowdra Aruna , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThalassemias are a group of inherited monogenic disorders characterized by defects in the synthesis of one or more of the globin chain subunits of the hemoglobin tetramer. Delta‐beta (δβ‐) thalassemia has large deletions in the β globin gene cluster involving δ‐ and β‐globin genes, leading to absent or reduced synthesis of both δ‐ and β‐globin chains. Here, we used direct globin‐chain analysis using tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of δβ‐thalassemia. Two cases from unrelated families were recruited for the study based on clinical and hematological evaluation. Peptides obtained after trypsin digestion of proteins extracted from red blood cell pellets from two affected individuals and their parents were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Mass spectrometric analysis revealed a severe reduction in δ, β, and Aγ globin proteins with increased Gγ globin protein in the affected individuals. The diagnosis of Gγ(Aγδβ)0 ‐thalassemia in the homozygous state in the affected individuals and in the heterozygous state in the parents was made from our results. The diagnosis was confirmed at the genetic level using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Our findings demonstrate the utility of direct globin protein quantitation using LC‐MS/MS to quantify individual globin proteins reflecting changes in globin production. This approach can be utilized for accurate and timely diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies, including rare variants, where existing diagnostic methods provide inconclusive results.
Programming mechanical properties through encoded network topologies
Authors: Clarke Brandon R. , Tew Gregory N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer networks remain an essential class of soft materials. Despite their use in everyday materials, connecting the molecular structure of the network to its macroscopic properties remains an active area of research. Much current research is enabled by advances in modern polymer chemistry providing an unprecedented level of control over macromolecular structure. At the same time, renewed interest in self‐healing, dynamic, and/or adaptable materials continues to drive substantial interest in polymer network design. As part of a special issue focused on research performed in the Polymer Science and Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, this review highlights connections between macromolecular structure of networks and observed mechanical properties as investigated by the Tew research group.
Trends in emergency department visits for bronchiolitis, 1993–2019
Authors: Snow Kathleen D. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Gao Jingya , Shanahan Kristen H. , Hasegawa Kohei , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionBronchiolitis is a leading indication for pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of national trends and epidemiology of ED visits for bronchiolitis from 1993 to 2019 in the United States.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) reporting of ED visits for bronchiolitis for children age <2 years from 1993 to 2019. Bronchiolitis cases were identified using billing codes assigned at discharge. The primary outcome was bronchiolitis ED visit rates, calculated using NHAMCS‐assigned patient visit weights. We then evaluated for temporal variation in patient characteristics, facility location, and hospitalizations among the bronchiolitis ED visits.ResultsThere were an estimated 8 million ED visits for bronchiolitis for children <2 years between 1993 and 2019. Bronchiolitis ED visits rates ranged from 28 to 36 per 1000 ED visits from 1993 to 2010 and increased significantly to 65 per 1000 ED visits in the 2017–2019 time period (p < 0.001). There was no significant change over time in patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, insurance status, hospital type, or triage level upon ED presentation. Approximately half of bronchiolitis ED visits occurred in the winter months throughout the study period.ConclusionIn this analysis of 27 years of national data, we identified a recent rise in ED visit rates for bronchiolitis, which have almost doubled from 2010 to 2019 following a period of relative stability between 1993 and 2010.
Going beyond probability of success: Opportunities for statisticians to influence quantitative decision‐making at the portfolio level
Authors: Wiklund Stig‐Johan , Thorn Katharine , Götte Heiko , Hacquoil Kimberley , Saint‐Hilary Gaëlle , Carlton Alex ,   the European Special Interest Group on Quantitative Decision‐Making
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry is plagued with long, costly development and high risk. Therefore, a company's effective management and optimisation of a portfolio of projects is critical for success. Project metrics such as the probability of success enable modelling of a company's pipeline accounting for the high uncertainty inherent within the industry. Making portfolio decisions inherently involves managing risk, and statisticians are ideally positioned to champion not only the derivation of metrics for individual projects, but also advocate decision‐making at a broader portfolio level. This article aims to examine the existing different portfolio decision‐making approaches and to suggest opportunities for statisticians to add value in terms of introducing probabilistic thinking, quantitative decision‐making, and increasingly advanced methodologies.
Optimal design of constant‐stress accelerated degradation tests based on the Wiener process with manufacturing batches heterogeneity and individual differences
Authors: Li Nianhuan , Gu Dongwei , Chen Bingkun , Li Weiliang , Zhao Xilu , Chen Pengfei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of Constant‐stress accelerated degradation tests (CSADT) modeling is an effective way to assess the reliability of products. However, when conducting reliability experiments, the data collected may come from various sources such as different manufacturing batches, equipment, and operators. This can result in reduced accuracy of the test evaluations. In this research paper, we propose optimal designs for the Wiener constant‐stress accelerated degradation model that take into account the heterogeneity of manufacturing batches and individual differences. Our goal is to minimize the variability of the mean time to failure (MTTF) while working within a specified budget, test time, and available test units. To achieve this, we utilize particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find the best solution based on a complex objective function. We also compare our model with others using degradation data from LEDs, showing that our model has a better goodness‐of‐fit. Finally, we present examples of optimal CSADT plans under different constraints and conduct sensitivity analysis.
Adsorption ability of Ga5N10 nanomaterial for removing metal ions contamination from drinking water by DFT
Authors: Mollaamin Fatemeh , Monajjemi Majid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe electronic, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of alkali/alkaline earth metal ion‐adsorbed gallium nitride nanocage (Ga5N10_NC) have been investigated using density functional theory. The results denote that alkali/alkaline earth‐metal ion‐adsorbed Ga5N10_NC systems are stable compounds, with the most stable adsorption site being the center of the cage ring. The partial density of states (PDOS) can estimate a certain charge assembly between Li+, Na+, K+/ Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ga5N10_NC which indicate the complex dominant of metallic features as: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Be2+ >> K+ > Na+ > Li+. For confirmation of magnetic‐alignment of Ga5N10_NC, monovalent (M+) and divalent (M2+) metal ions were added to the sample to measure the effects of metals on the magnetic‐alignment properties of Ga5N10_NC. Furthermore, the reported results of NMR spectroscopy have exhibited that both M+ and M2+ can be optimized to achieve optimal alignment of nanocage in the presence of an applied magnetic field; however, chemical shift anisotropy spans for Ca2+– and Mg2+–containing samples is due to Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions binding to Ga5N10_NC. Regarding IR spectroscopy, Li+@ Ga5N10_NC and Be2+@ Ga5N10_NC with more electronegativity appear the most fluctuations through adsorption process. Moreover, based on NQR analysis, Ca2+ has shown a different graph of electric potential during trapping in Ga5N10_NC compared to other metal cations. Based on the results of amounts in this research, the selectivity of metal ion adsorption by gallium nitride nanocage (ion sensor) has been approved as: K+>Na+> Li+ in alkali metals and Ca2+>Mg2+> Be2+ in alkaline earth metals.
Workspace and dexterity analysis of the hybrid mechanism master robot in Sinaflex robotic telesurgery system: An in vivo experiment
Authors: Aghanouri Mehrnaz , Moradi Hamid , Alibeik Hossein A. , Mirbagheri Alireza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSinaflex robotic telesurgery system has been introduced recently to provide ergonomic postures for the surgeon along with dexterous workspace for robotic telesurgery. The robot is described, and the forward and inverse kinematics are derived and validated by an experiment. The robot and operational workspaces and their dexterity are investigated and compared using the data collected during a dog vasectomy robotic telesurgery by Sinaflex. According to the simulation results, the workspace of the end effector is as large as 914.56 × 105 mm3, which can completely cover the ergonomic human hand workspace. The dexterity of the robot for the total and operational workspace is 0.4557 and 0.6565, respectively. In terms of the workspace size and the amount of dexterity, Sinaflex master robot can be considered a good choice to fulfil the requirements of the surgeon side robot in robotic telesurgery systems.
Robust decomposed system control for an electro‐mechanical linear actuator mechanism under input constraints
Authors: Heydari Shahna Mehdi , Bahari Mohammad , Mattila Jouni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to develop a robust decomposed system control (RDSC) strategy under input constraints for an electro‐mechanical linear actuator (EMLA) facing model uncertainty and external disturbances. At first, a state‐space model of a complex multi‐stage gearbox EMLA system, driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), is developed, and the non‐ideal characteristics of the ball screw are presented through the model. The result is a four‐order nonlinear strict‐feedback form (NSFF) system decomposed into three subsystems. As the paper's main result, a novel RDSC strategy with uniform exponential stability for controlling subsystem states is presented. This developed controller avoids the "explosion of complexity" problem associated with backstepping by treating the time derivative of the virtual control input as an uncertain system term. The proposed method, despite assuming load disturbances and input constraints with arbitrary bounds, offers a straightforward control approach for a broader range of applications. Further, the controller's performance is evaluated by simulating two distinct duty cycles, each representing different levels of demand on the actuator facing load disturbances near the rated motor performance.
Improved prescribed performance control for nonlinear systems with unknown control direction and input dead‐zone
Authors: Huang Zongsheng , Li Tieshan , Long Yue , Yang Hanqing , Chen C. L. Philip , Liang Hongjing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn view of the input dead‐zone, unknown control direction and difficulty in satisfying the prescribed performance that suffered in practical systems, an improved prescribed performance‐based adaptive control scheme is stressed for uncertain nonlinear systems in this paper. Firstly, by adopting a characteristic function, the input dead‐zone is linearized to a model with bounded perturbation. To settle the “computation complexity” issue, an adaptive controller is built via command filter design method, where the fuzzy logic systems are introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinearities. Meanwhile, the Nussbaum function is brought in controller design to counter the hardship of unknown control direction. Besides, the tracking error can be restricted in the prescribed boundary in finite time with the improved performance function. The presented control approach can not only ensure the finite‐time convergence property of tracking error and the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system, but also easily implement in engineering. Finally, the simulation examples confirm the validity of the designed control scheme.