bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workflow disruptions in robot-assisted surgery
Authors: Wong Shing Wai , Crowe Philip 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurgical flow disruptions are unexpected deviations from the natural progression which can potentially compromise the safety of the operation. Separation of the surgeon from the patient and team members is the main contributor for flow disruptions (FDs) in robot-assisted surgery (RAS). FDs have been categorised as communication, coordination, surgeon task considerations, training, equipment/ technology, external factors, instrument changes, and environmental factors. There may be an association between FDs and task error rate. Intervention to counter FDs include training, operating room adjustments, checklists, teamwork, communication improvement, ergonomics, technology, guidelines, workflow optimisation, and team briefing. Future studies should focus on identifying the significant disruptive FDs and the impact of interventions on surgical flow during RAS.
Facing and challenging language ideologies towards a more inclusive understanding of language in mathematics education research—the case of sign languages
Authors: Krause Christina M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch on language in mathematics education is largely dominated by a ‘normalcy’ of spoken languages. This modal hegemony does not only affect a whole group of learners in failing to provide access that is epistemologically equitable—those using sign language as their preferred mode for mathematical discourse—it also obscures our view on the roles language can play in mathematical thinking and learning. As a field, we can only win from seeking to understand Deaf learners of mathematics beyond a disability, as learners of mathematics with a specific linguistic background that influences mathematical thinking and learning in peculiar ways. In this contribution, I suggest a shift in mindset towards a more inclusive view on language in mathematics education research and practice. I propose basic principles to inform a perspective for reconsidering the role of language in mathematics thinking and learning, inspired by work of philosopher Francois Jullien. This perspective counters a perspective that merely integrates sign language into existing research and instead searches for dialogue between linguistic modalities in learning mathematics, looking beyond language as spoken or written. This approach will be illustrated by the case of the modal affordance of iconicity foregrounded in signed mathematical discourse, its role in Deaf students’ mathematics thinking and learning, and how this can inform existing research and practice dealing with language in mathematics education.
Application of FTIR Microspectroscopy in Oenology: Shedding Light on Cell Wall Composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
Authors: L. Binati Renato , Ferremi Leali Nicola , Avesani Michele , Salvetti Elisa , Felis Giovanna E. , Monti Francesca , Torriani Sandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of cell parietal components of yeasts is an important criterium for the selection of wine starters since they play a key role in the vinification process. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the cell wall composition of four industrial (BM45, D47, EC1118, K1) and three native Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MY8, MY11, PEDRO2000E) wine strains by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy. A statistically significant variability in the cell wall thickness and cell diameter was observed among the yeast cells, with native strains showing higher cell diameter values. FTIR microspectroscopy applied on the intact cells without any previous invasive treatment and on the separated cell walls highlighted profound differences among the strains in terms of the overall content of parietal polysaccharides as related to the thickness of the cell walls and in terms of the relative concentration of β-glucans and mannans in the cell walls. The strains EC1118, MY11, and PEDRO2000E showed a higher overall content of β-glucans and mannans, whose lower relative concentration in PEDRO2000E was compensated by a thicker cell wall; BM45 and D47 were characterized by a high relative concentration of polysaccharides in a thinner wall, while K1 and MY8 displayed a low relative concentration of polysaccharides. ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy allows identifying polysaccharide-rich yeast strains and can become a smart option for the selection of starter cultures to be used in oenology and for other applications in food industry, thanks to the interesting technological properties of parietal polysaccharides.
Graphical Abstract
Serum sex hormones correlate with pathological features of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Xu Fa-Zhan , Zheng Lu-Lu , Chen Ke-Hao , Wang Ru , Yi Dan-Dan , Jiang Chao-Yu , Liu Zhi-Jian , SHI Xian-Biao , Sang Jian-Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sex hormones are thought to be responsible for the unique gender differences in papillary thyroid cancer(PTC). Most previous studies on these have focused on the expression of estrogen receptors, or have been limited to animal studies. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between serum sex hormones and the pathological features of PTC in the clinical setting, as further evidence of the role of sex hormones in PTC.

Methods
Retrospective data analysis of patients who underwent thyroid surgery at the Department of Thyroid Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2022 to September 2022 Correlation between serum sex hormone and pathological features was analyzed in male patients and in menopausal female patients. Serum sex hormones include luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E2), total testosterone(TT), progesterone(P), and prolactin(PRL). Tumor pathological characteristics include the number and size of tumor, presence of extrathyroidal extension(ETE), presence of lymph node metastasis(LNM).

Results
Preoperative serum E2 in male patients was positively correlated with tumor size in PTC, LH was negatively correlated with LNM, while TT and P were negatively correlated with ETE. Similar findings were not observed in menopausal female patients.

Conclusion
We observed that serum sex hormones correlate with the pathological features of PTC in male patients, for the first time in a clinical study. High serum estrogens may be a risk factor for PTC, while androgens are the opposite. This somewhat corroborates previous research and provides new variables for future PTC prediction models.
Genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and prediction tools of its antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Strakova Nicol , Michova Hana , Shagieva Ekaterina , Ovesna Petra , Karpiskova Renata , Demnerova Katerina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough Campylobacter jejuni is the pathogen responsible for the most common foodborne illness, tracing of the infection source remains challenging due to its highly variable genome. Therefore, one of the aim of the study was to compare three genotyping methods (MLST, PFGE, and mP-BIT) to determine the most effective genotyping tool. C. jejuni strains were divided into 4 clusters based on strain similarity in the cgMLST dendrogram. Subsequently, the dendrograms of the 3 tested methods were compared to determine the accuracy of each method compared to the reference cgMLST method. Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis has showed that MLST had the highest inverse discrimination index (97%) and required less workflow, time, fewer consumables, and low bacterial sample quantity. PFGE was shown to be obsolete both because of its low discriminatory power and the complexity of the procedure. Similarly, mP‑BIT showed low separation results, which was compensated by its high availability. Therefore, our data showed that MLST is the optimal tool for genotyping C. jejuni. Another aim was to compare the antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline in C. jejuni strains isolated from human, water, air, food, and animal samples by two gene sequence-based prediction methods and to compare them with the actual susceptibility of C. jejuni strains using the disc diffusion method. Both tools, ResFinder and RGI, synchronously predict the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and either can be used.
A feasible molecular diagnostic strategy for rare genetic disorders within resource-constrained environments
Authors: Mudau Maria Mabyalwa , Seymour Heather , Nevondwe Patracia , Kerr Robyn , Spencer Careni , Feben Candice , Lombard Zané , Honey Engela , Krause Amanda , Carstens Nadia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTimely and accurate diagnosis of rare genetic disorders is critical, as it enables improved patient management and prognosis. In a resource-constrained environment such as the South African State healthcare system, the challenge is to design appropriate and cost-effective assays that will enable accurate genetic diagnostic services in patients of African ancestry across a broad disease spectrum. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed testing approaches for many Mendelian disorders, but this technology is still relatively new in our setting and requires cost-effective ways to implement. As a proof of concept, we describe a feasible diagnostic strategy for genetic disorders frequently seen in our genetics clinics (RASopathies, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, and CHARGE syndrome). The custom-designed targeted NGS gene panel enabled concurrent variant screening for these disorders. Samples were batched during sequencing and analyzed selectively based on the clinical phenotype. The strategy employed in the current study was cost-effective, with sequencing and analysis done at USD849.68 per sample and achieving an overall detection rate of 54.5%. The strategy employed is cost-effective as it allows batching of samples from patients with different diseases in a single run, an approach that can be utilized with rare and less frequently ordered molecular diagnostic tests. The subsequent selective analysis pipeline allowed for timeous reporting back of patients results. This is feasible with a reasonable yield and can be employed for the molecular diagnosis of a wide range of rare monogenic disorders in a resource-constrained environment.
Determination of acceptable Hounsfield units uncertainties via a sensitivity analysis for an accurate dose calculation in the context of prostate MRI-only radiotherapy
Authors: Chourak Hilda , Barateau Anaïs , Greer Peter , Lafond Caroline , Nunes Jean-Claude , de Crevoisier Renaud , Dowling Jason , Acosta Oscar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadiation therapy is moving from CT based to MRI guided planning, particularly for soft tissue anatomy. An important requirement of this new workflow is the generation of synthetic-CT (sCT) from MRI to enable treatment dose calculations. Automatic methods to determine the acceptable range of CT Hounsfield Unit (HU) uncertainties to avoid dose distribution errors is thus a key step toward safe MRI-only radiotherapy. This work has analysed the effects of controlled errors introduced in CT scans on the delivered radiation dose for prostate cancer patients. Spearman correlation coefficient has been computed, and a global sensitivity analysis performed following the Morris screening method. This allows the classification of different error factors according to their impact on the dose at the isocentre. sCT HU estimation errors in the bladder appeared to be the least influential factor, and sCT quality assessment should not only focus on organs surrounding the radiation target, as errors in other soft tissue may significantly impact the dose in the target volume. This methodology links dose and intensity-based metrics, and is the first step to define a threshold of acceptability of HU uncertainties for accurate dose planning.
The Framing of the Terrorist Threat in Health Contingency: Implications for Response
Authors: Nilsen Lisa Govasli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTerrorist attacks threaten the security of states and individuals, and often spur widespread state responses once they have occurred. Recent research has focused on health contingency in relation to terrorism and unveiled divergence in terms of how European countries approach this task. To understand more about this divergence, it is relevant to investigate how states define the issue of terrorism in contingency policies. The current study utilized theories of framing as part of policymaking and document analysis with a thematic analysis approach, to scrutinize to what extent terrorism was framed as a security issue in health contingency in relation to terrorist attacks in Norway and France, and how this affected policy outcomes. The analysis unveiled that a securitized frame was not prominent in the Norwegian approach to health contingency. In the French material, however, terrorism was described as a threat to national security. Second, terrorism response within the healthcare field was described as a form of “nonmilitary defense,” clearly positioning the healthcare system in the response to this national security threat. The framing of terrorism in policy documents was linked to diverging policy responses in the two countries. The most distinct difference is that victims of terrorism hold particular rights in France, but not in Norway. This entails that in France, the definition of terrorism, and whether specific events are defined as terrorism or not, in part become decisive for the help received.
Did the citizenship income scheme do it? The supposed electoral consequence of a flagship policy
Authors: Giuliani Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of the 2022 Italian legislative elections, but also during the entire electoral campaign, several claims were made that much of the electoral support for the Five Star Movement had been triggered by the ‘Reddito di cittadinanza’ – the welfare policy introduced in 2019 by the yellow–green government. This research note first distinguishes between distributive politics and policy voting, and then explores the empirical relationship between the geographical provision at the municipal level of the citizenship income and the vote for the party led by Giuseppe Conte. While traditional multivariate analyses fail to reveal any spurious relationship, matching techniques help highlight the absence of any causal relationship between the two variables.
UNDEFINABILITY OF MULTIPLICATION IN PRESBURGER ARITHMETIC WITH SETS OF POWERS
Authors: SCHULZ CHRIS 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We begin by proving that any Presburger-definable image of one or more sets of powers has zero natural density. Then, by adapting the proof of a dichotomy result on o-minimal structures by Friedman and Miller, we produce a similar dichotomy for expansions of Presburger arithmetic on the integers. Combining these two results, we obtain that the expansion of the ordered group of integers by any number of sets of powers does not define multiplication.
Variations in adult BMI among Indian men: a quantile regression analysis
Authors: Agnihotri Archana , Viswanathan Brinda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndia has not only maintained its top position among countries with the largest number of underweight adults but has also jumped to a higher position among countries with largest increase in the proportion of overweight people in the last three decades. More studies focus on double burden of malnutrition among women than on men. This study uses the quantile regression model to analyse the covariates associated with low and high body mass index (BMI) primarily among men aged 20–54 years during 2015–2016 in India. Occupations that involve more manual work help in maintaining a normal BMI along with better education, dietary diversity, and less sedentary lifestyle. A gendered comparison of men and their spouses highlights the differences in the association of covariates with BMI for men and women. The results from this study will provide insights for behavioural change at an individual level and inputs for public health intervention for addressing ill health concerns arising from underweight, overweight, or obesity.
The mental health of paediatric cochlear implant recipients
Authors: Ma Si-Jie , Li Si-Xuan , Tan Huan , Chen Chi , Bian Pan-Pan , Xu Bai-Cheng , Guo Yu-Fen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the mental health of paediatric cochlear implant users and analyse the relationship between six dimensions (movements, cognitive ability, emotion and will, sociality, living habits and language) and hearing and speech rehabilitation.MethodsEighty-two cochlear implant users were assessed using the Mental Health Survey Questionnaire. Age at implantation, time of implant use and listening modes were investigated. Categories of Auditory Performance and the Speech Intelligibility Rating Scale were used to score hearing and speech abilities.ResultsMore recipients scored lower in cognitive ability and language. Age at implantation was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for movements, cognitive ability, emotion and will, and language. The time of implant usage and listening mode indicated statistical significance (p < 0.05) in cognitive ability, sociality and language.ConclusionTimely attention should be paid to the mental health of paediatric cochlear implant users, and corresponding psychological interventions should be implemented to make personalised rehabilitation plans.
Autonomy, the moral circle, and the limits of ownership
Authors: Starmans Christina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Why can't we own people? Boyer proposes that the key consideration concerns inclusion in the moral circle. I propose an alternative, which is that specific mental capacities, especially the capacity for autonomy, play a key role in determining judgments about human and animal ownership. Autonomous beings are viewed as owning themselves, which precludes them from being owned by others.
Changes in soil chemical properties and their spatial distribution after logging and conversion to oil palm plantation in Sabah (Borneo)
Authors: Flynn Trevan , Tuma Jiri , Fayle Tom M , Veselá Hana , Frouz Jan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conversion of primary forest into oil palm plantations is common in tropical countries, affecting soil properties, ecosystem services and land-use management. However, little is known about the short-range spatial soil distribution that is important for soil scientists, ecologists, entomologists, mycologists or microbiologists. In this study, seven soil properties (pH, EC (µS/m), P (mg/kg), NO3- (mg/kg), N%, C% and C:N) were measured to quantify the spatial autocorrelation across primary forest, selectively logged forest and oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Local variograms were calculated (range ∼5 m) to determine the short-range variation, and a decision tree as well as principal component analysis were implemented to determine if the overall (global) mean differed between land uses. As hypothesised, oil palm soils deviated the most from primary forest soils, which had more fluctuating variograms and in general, a shorter range. Oil palm plantations also showed a difference in the global mean except for electrical conductivity. Selectively logged forests also differed in their short-range spatial structure; however, the global mean and variance remained similar to primary forest soil with the exception of labile phosphorus and nitrate. These results were attributed to initial plantation development, removal of topsoil, fertiliser application and topography.
Abelian tropical covers
Authors: LEN YOAV , ULIRSCH MARTIN , ZAKHAROV DMITRY 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLet$\mathfrak{A}$be a finite abelian group. In this paper, we classify harmonic$\mathfrak{A}$-covers of a tropical curve$\Gamma$(which allow dilation along edges and at vertices) in terms of the cohomology group of a suitably defined sheaf on$\Gamma$. We give a realisability criterion for harmonic$\mathfrak{A}$-covers by patching local monodromy data in an extended homology group on$\Gamma$. As an explicit example, we work out the case$\mathfrak{A}=\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$and explain how realisability for such covers is related to the nowhere-zero flow problem from graph theory.
A comprehensive review of human trophoblast fusion models: recent developments and challenges
Authors: Li Xia , Li Zhuo-Hang , Wang Ying-Xiong , Liu Tai-Hang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs an essential component of the maternal-fetal interface, the placental syncytiotrophoblast layer contributes to a successful pregnancy by secreting hormones necessary for pregnancy, transporting nutrients, mediating gas exchange, balancing immune tolerance, and resisting pathogen infection. Notably, the deficiency in mononuclear trophoblast cells fusing into multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Despite the availability of many models for the study of trophoblast fusion, there exists a notable disparity from the ideal model, limiting the deeper exploration into the placental development. Here, we reviewed the existing models employed for the investigation of human trophoblast fusion from several aspects, including the development history, latest progress, advantages, disadvantages, scope of application, and challenges. The literature searched covers the monolayer cell lines, primary human trophoblast, placental explants, human trophoblast stem cells, human pluripotent stem cells, three-dimensional cell spheres, organoids, and placenta-on-a-chip from 1938 to 2023. These diverse models have significantly enhanced our comprehension of placental development regulation and the underlying mechanisms of placental-related disorders. Through this review, our objective is to provide readers with a thorough understanding of the existing trophoblast fusion models, making it easier to select most suitable models to address specific experimental requirements or scientific inquiries.
Reliable interpretability of biology-inspired deep neural networks
Authors: Esser-Skala Wolfgang , Fortelny Nikolaus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeep neural networks display impressive performance but suffer from limited interpretability. Biology-inspired deep learning, where the architecture of the computational graph is based on biological knowledge, enables unique interpretability where real-world concepts are encoded in hidden nodes, which can be ranked by importance and thereby interpreted. In such models trained on single-cell transcriptomes, we previously demonstrated that node-level interpretations lack robustness upon repeated training and are influenced by biases in biological knowledge. Similar studies are missing for related models. Here, we test and extend our methodology for reliable interpretability in P-NET, a biology-inspired model trained on patient mutation data. We observe variability of interpretations and susceptibility to knowledge biases, and identify the network properties that drive interpretation biases. We further present an approach to control the robustness and biases of interpretations, which leads to more specific interpretations. In summary, our study reveals the broad importance of methods to ensure robust and bias-aware interpretability in biology-inspired deep learning.