bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear and nonlinear feedback control of chaos in a thermal convection loop
Authors: Yang L. , Wang S.M. , Zhang Y.S. , Jiang X.Q. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the linear and nonlinear active feedback controls of chaos in thermal convection loop are studied theoretically. The one‐dimensional partial differential equations consisting of mass, momentum, and energy balances are expanded to an infinite set of ordinary differential equations. The first mode of this set of equations is three equations which are similar to the celebrated Lorenz equations. These equations can be decoupled from the rest of the set and can be solved independently of other equations without need of truncation. The temperature difference as the controlling signal and the power input as the controlled signal are used. The linear and nonlinear active feedback control are used to adjust the wall temperature. It is found that the linear and nonlinear active feedback control can change the flow structure in a thermal convection loop. The chaos suppression or enhancement can be realized and some unstable periodic orbits can be stabilized by nonlinear feedback control successfully. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 430–437, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10053
Pharmacokinetics of THC in brain and testis, male gametotoxicity and premature apoptosis of spermatozoa
Authors: Nahas Gabriel G. , Frick Henry Clay , Lattimer John K. , Latour Colette , Harvey David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn earlier report described the pharmacokinetics of delta‐9 THC and the resulting brain function responses. In the present studies the pharmacokinetics of THC in plasma, brain and testis were related to impairment of spermatogenesis. THC‐ containing preparations, whatever their route of administration, were associated with the induction of gametotoxicity in all species studied including man. The pharmacokinetics and molecular binding of THC is similar in all experimental models. Concentrations of THC in plasma, fat, testis, brain and spleen were measured following administration of tracer amounts of C14 delta‐8 THC labelled at the C11 position. Rats were administered 2 μCi of the tracer by i.m. injection, and killed at regular intervals after a single or multiple dose of the label. After a single dose, the maximal radioactivity was reached in brain after 2 and 4 h and amounted to 0.06% of the administered dose. In the testis, the concentration did not exceed 0.023% of the administered dose. In epididymal fat, the total radioactivity after 4 h was five times higher than in the brain and after 24 h it was eight times greater. After multiple injections of C14 THC, concentrations of the drug remained low in the plasma, brain and testis not exceeding 2–7 ng/g, but the epididymal fat tracer concentration was 40–80 times higher. Plasma concentrations of C14 THC were of the same magnitude as those measured by GCMS in the plasma of men exposed to marihuana smoke or THC, and in whom alterations of spermatogenesis were observed. In these studies, plasma THC ranged from 9.5×1012 M to 2.4×1014 M. These data illustrate the efficiency of the blood–brain barrier and blood–testicular barrier in limiting the storage of THC into brain and testis. During chronic exposure to THC the pharmacokinetic molecular mechanisms which limit the storage of THC in the brain and testis are not sufficient to prevent a persistent deregulation of membrane signalling and the induction of functional and morphological changes which reflect a premature apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. Long term, longitudinal epidemiological studies have reported decreased spermatogenesis in healthy, fertile adult males. But no study has been initiated to relate the oligospermia of this population to the consumption of widely used psychoactive drugs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of serotonin 1A agonist tandospirone on depression symptoms in senile patients with dementia
Authors: Masuda Yutaka , Akagawa Yusuke , Hishikawa Yasuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe treatment of depression in senile patients with dementia is difficult with the drugs used formerly. The effects of a new anxiolytic drug, tandospirone, were investigated on depression symptoms in nine senile patients with dementia using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) items. Tandospirone improved the symptoms, especially the depressive mood, agitation and anxiety, although a slight gastrointestinal symptom was found in one patient. The findings in the present study may suggest that tandospirone is a useful and comparatively safe drug for depression symptoms in senile patients with dementia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine improves social dysfunction in cluster B personality disorder
Authors: Zullino Daniele F. , Quinche Philippe , Häfliger Thomas , Stigler Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTreatment with antipsychotics is a common approach for personality disorder. Conventional antipsychotics may be efficacious particularly against psychoticism, but less against other symptoms in these patients. They are, furthermore, associated with adverse drug reactions poorly tolerated by patients with personality disorder. Atypical antipsychotics have a more convenient pharmacological profile with a lower risk for extrapyramidal symptoms and a broader therapeutic profile, showing some efficacy against impulsivity, aggressivity and affective symptoms. The medical records of ten patients with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of a cluster B personality disorder who had received olanzapine treatment were reviewed. A mirror‐image design anchored to the start date of olanzapine treatment and extending 8 weeks in either direction was used. The assessment consisted of a qualitative chart review and a retrospective completion of the GCI‐C and an adapted French version of the SDAS, using the observer‐rated items. The olanzapine dose range was 2.5–20 mg during the 8 weeks of observation. The mean SDAS score (items 1–15) was 28.8±8.4 for the 8 weeks preceding olanzapine prescription and was improved to 13.6±5.8 after 8 weeks of treatment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of clozapine in a non‐schizophrenic patient with psychogenic polydipsia and central pontine myelinolysis
Authors: Mauri M. C. , Volonteri L. S. , Fiorentini A. , Dieci M. , Righini A. , Vita A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been demonstrated to be a highly effective treatment for polydipsia in schizophrenic patients. The authors report the first case of a non‐schizophrenic patient affected by polydipsia and central pontine myelinolysis who was successfully treated with clozapine. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formulation and application of the unsaturated/saturated catchment models SUSCAT and WEC‐C
Authors: Beverly Craig R. , Croton James T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the formulation and application of a coupled unsaturated/saturated model framework developed to investigate the impact of mining on catchment water yield and groundwater dynamics. The model conceptualization was implemented in both a finite‐element (SUSCAT) and finite‐difference (WEC‐C) solution scheme and found to give similar results. The model framework simulates a coupled surface‐water and groundwater system in which a physically based solution scheme was used to simulate one‐dimensional movement through the unsaturated zone, and a distributed model was used to simulate two‐dimensional saturated groundwater flow. Each soil column comprises a series of layers, each layer being connected to adjacent cells. Subsurface lateral flow is considered when any cell within a layer develops a saturated thickness. Simulation results presented are based on a catchment in the Darling Range, Western Australia that was progressively mined and subsequently rehabilitated. The results predicted the groundwater system beneath the mine areas to have a peak rise owing to mining of between 2 and 4 m. Six years after mining, and following vegetation rehabilitation, the groundwater rise had reduced to 1 m above simulated unmined levels. The corresponding streamflow increase as a result of mining was estimated to peak at 21 mm/year and declined to 7·4 mm/year eight years after revegetation of the mined areas. The simulated groundwater response and streamflow results derived from both models were found to be consistent with observed data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐sensor approach to wetland flood monitoring
Authors: Töyrä Jessika , Pietroniro Alain , Martz Lawrence W. , Prowse Terry D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Peace–Athabasca Delta, Canada, is a 3900 km2 freshwater wetland complex, characterized by numerous river channels, lakes and wetland basins. Periodic flooding of the wetland basins is necessary to maintain the productivity in the delta. The delta experienced a 22 year drying trend between 1974 and 1996, resulting in considerable changes in water boundaries. Availability of water is the dominant mechanism driving the ecosystem response. As such, accurate and frequently updated maps of floodwater extent and vegetation types are necessary for proper wetland management. Owing to the large size, remoteness, and dynamic nature of the delta, flood mapping is only feasible using remote sensing.This paper evaluates the use of radar and visible/infrared satellite imagery for mapping the extent of flooded wetland areas. The extent of standing water in the delta during May 1996 and May 1998 was mapped using RADARSAT and SPOT imagery. The RADARSAT scenes, the SPOT scenes, and a combination of the two were, for each year, classified into open water, flooded vegetation, and non‐flooded land using a Mahalanobis distance classifier. When the 1996 RADARSAT scene and the 1996 SPOT scene were classified separately, they resulted in Kappa coefficients of 70% and 66% respectively. The accuracy increased to 92% when the RADARSAT and the SPOT scenes were combined and classified together. Classification of the 1998 RADARSAT scene and the 1998 SPOT scene resulted in accuracies of 76% and 80% respectively, whereas a combination of the two scenes resulted in an accuracy of 92%. The results from this study indicate that the information from radar and visible/infrared satellite imagery is complementary and that flood mapping in wetland areas can be achieved with higher accuracy if the two image types are used in combination. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RADARSAT backscatter characteristics of ice growing on shallow sub‐Arctic lakes, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Duguay Claude R. , Pultz Terry J. , Lafleur Peter M. , Drai Déborah 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResults from an investigation on the evaluation of RADARSAT (C‐HH) imagery for monitoring ice growth and decay, and related processes of shallow sub‐Arctic (tundra and forest) lakes in northern Manitoba, Canada, are presented. Field observations on the structural and stratigraphic characteristics of snow and ice from four lake sites are used in support of the interpretation of changes in synthetic aperture radar backscatter intensity as a function of time and incidence angle (20–49°). Results show that bubble inclusions, most of which are tubular and oriented in the direction of growth, strongly influence backscatter intensity from floating ice in RADARSAT Standard beam mode imagery. It is shown that radar return can vary considerably as a function of incidence angle. Differences of as much as 6·5 dB were observed for the same ice cover when observed at steeper (20–35°) compared with shallower (35–49°) incidence angles. During the early stages of ice growth and/or when the ice volume contains a small amount of tubular bubbles, backscatter intensity from the floating ice measured at shallower incidence angles (35–49°) is similar to that observed from the grounded ice at any incidence angle (−17 to −11 dB). A strong decrease in backscatter was observed at all sites during spring thaw and was explained by the microwave signal being absorbed by the wet snow cover and by specular reflection from the standing water (ponds) on the lake ice surface. With its multiple beam mode configurations, RADARSAT offers an improved temporal coverage over ERS‐1/2, thus making it possible to determine more precisely freeze‐up and break‐up dates, and timing of bottom freezing from shallow Arctic and sub‐Arctic lakes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical model of the river freezing process and its application to the Lena River
Authors: Ma Xieyao , Fukushima Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRiver freezing is a common phenomenon at high latitudes. The Lena River, one of the four largest rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, freezes over completely from early December to late April. The process of river‐ice formation affects not only the river flow and local energy regime, but also influences hydrological and thermal conditions in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, a combined hydrological model used for a cold‐region basin (Ma et al., 2000. Hydrological processes 14: 639–651) was further developed to model hydrological processes in the Lena River. A simple method of accumulated degree‐days was used in describing river‐ice growth and decay. River flow routing was used to compute the hydrograph according to the depth of runoff stored in the river and the season. The combined model system was applied to the Lena River basin, using data for the period October 1986 to September 1987, and produced modelled hydrographs at six river sections that were an improvement on those resulting from the earlier study. Although the simulation duration in this study was limited to 1 year, it is expected that the model system will be an effective tool in making hydrological simulations in cold regions in the future. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field isotope investigations and numerical simulation of lake hydrodynamics
Authors: Murthy J. S. R. , Saravana Kumar U. , Navada S. V. , Rao S. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA three‐dimensional, numerical free‐surface‐flow simulation model is developed to investigate hydrodynamics of a lake and the predictive capabilities of the numerical model are validated by comparing them with field results obtained from Lake Naini, Uttar Pradesh, using environmental isotope (δ18O, δD and 3H) techniques. This has been carried out in order to understand the hydrodynamics of a lake (i.e. circulations, mixing and transport of water within the lake). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of concentrated flow width in ephemeral gully channels
Authors: Nachtergaele J. , Poesen J. , Sidorchuk A. , Torri D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEmpirical prediction equations of the form W = aQb have been reported for rills and rivers, but not for ephemeral gullies. In this study six experimental data sets are used to establish a relationship between channel width (W, m) and flow discharge (Q, m3 s−1) for ephemeral gullies formed on cropland. The resulting regression equation (W = 2·51 Q0·412; R2 = 0·72; n = 67) predicts observed channel width reasonably well. Owing to logistic limitations related to the respective experimental set ups, only relatively small runoff discharges (i.e. Q < 0·02 m3s−1) were covered. Using field data, where measured ephemeral gully channel width was attributed to a calculated peak runoff discharge on sealed cropland, the application field of the regression equation was extended towards larger discharges (i.e. 5 × 10−4m3s−1 < Q < 0·1 m3s−1).Comparing W–Q relationships for concentrated flow channels revealed that the discharge exponent (b) varies from 0·3 for rills over 0·4 for gullies to 0·5 for rivers. This shift in b may be the result of: (i) differences in flow shear stress distribution over the wetted perimeter between rills, gullies and rivers, (ii) a decrease in probability of a channel formed in soil material with uniform erosion resistance from rills over gullies to rivers and (iii) a decrease in average surface slope from rills over gullies to rivers.The proposed W–Q equation for ephemeral gullies is valid for (sealed) cropland with no significant change in erosion resistance with depth. Two examples illustrate limitations of the W–Q approach. In a first example, vertical erosion is hindered by a frozen subsoil. The second example relates to a typical summer situation where the soil moisture profile of an agricultural field makes the top 0·02 m five times more erodible than the underlying soil material. For both cases observed W values are larger than those predicted by the established channel width equation for concentrated flow on cropland. For the frozen soils the equation W = 3·17 Q0·368 (R2 = 0·78; n = 617) was established, but for the summer soils no equation could be established. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effector mechanisms of norcantharidin‐induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Chen Yan‐Nian , Chen Jung‐Chou , Yin Sui‐Chu , Wang Guang‐Sheng , Tsauer Wei , Hsu Sheng‐Feng , Hsu Shih‐Lan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNCTD is a demethylated form of cantharidin with antitumor properties, which is now in use as a routine anticancer drug against hepatoma. However, there is limited information on the effect of NCTD on human cancer cells. In the present study, NCTD inhibited proliferation, caused mitotic arrest, then progressed to apoptosis within 96 hr in 3 human hepatoma cell lines: HepG2, Hep3B and Huh‐7. NCTD treatment (5 μg/ml) enhanced the expression of Cdc25C and p21Cip1/Waf1, increasing the phosphorylation of these 2 proteins. In addition, NCTD treatment induced an earlier increase in cyclin B1–associated histone H1 kinase activity within 48 hr, but an approximately 70% reduction of both protein level and kinase activity of cyclin B1 was observed at 72 hr. Treatment with NCTD significantly decreased the expression of p53 protein but did not affect the expression of Cdk1 and p27Kip1. Moreover, NCTD treatment also increased the phosphorylation of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL but did not affect the expression of Bax or Bad. Bcl‐2 phosphorylation appears to inhibit its binding to Bax since less Bax was detected in immunocomplex with Bcl‐2 in NCTD‐treated HepG2 cells. In addition, NCTD treatment caused activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, preceding DNA fragmentation and morphologic features of apoptosis. Pretreatment with the broad‐spectrum caspase inhibitor z‐VAD‐fmk markedly inhibited NCTD‐induced caspase‐3 activity and cell death. These results suggest that phosphorylation of p21Cip1/Waf1 and Cdc25C and biphasic regulation of cyclin B1–associated kinase activity may contribute to NCTD‐induced M‐phase cell‐cycle arrest. Furthermore, the increase of p21Cip1/Waf1, phosphorylation of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL, activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 may be the molecular mechanism through which NCTD induces apoptosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steady state levels of transforming growth factor‐β1 and ‐β2 mRNA and protein expression are elevated in colonic tumors in vivo irrespective of dietary lipids intervention
Authors: Raju Jayadev , McCarthy Brendan , Bird Ranjana P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractColonic tumors of human origin produce abundant transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β suggesting that TGF‐β is critical to their growth. Dietary lipids regulate a number of growth factors including TGF‐β. Whether elevated TGF‐β levels are consistently expressed in colonic tumors irrespective of the environmental milieu in an in vivo model is not known and forms the main objective of the present study. Male F344 rats were injected with azoxymethane, 10 weeks later, rats bearing preneoplastic lesions were fed a low fat (5% corn oil) diet and 3 high fat (5% corn oil with 18% corn oil, fish oil or beef tallow) diets for 16 weeks. Colonic tumors and mucosae were processed and assessed for TGF‐β status. TGF‐β1 and ‐β2 mRNA levels were upregulated in colonic tumors more than in mucosae of all diet groups. Dietary lipids modulated TGF‐β mRNA in both tumors and mucosae, high corn and fish oil diets upregulated TGF‐β1 significantly more than the low fat corn oil or high fat beef tallow diets. Immunohistochemical assessments of tissues with different biological features revealed that TGF‐β1 and ‐β2 were elevated in tumors and in selected microscopic preneoplastic lesions compared to normal mucosae. This is the first in vivo study, documenting that developing colonic tumors acquire upregulated TGF‐β phenotype even in the presence of lipid environments capable of differentially regulating TGF‐β in normal mucosae. Elevated expression of TGF‐β in a selected subset of microscopic preneoplastic lesions suggests that TGF‐β plays an important role on both early and late stages of colon carcinogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic relevance of MAGE‐A4 tumor antigen expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A tissue microarray study
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Zheng Min , Bolli Martin , Simon Ronald , Forster Thomas , Schultz‐Thater Elke , Remmel Eugenia , Noppen Christoph , Schmid Ulrico , Ackermann Daniel , Mihatsch Michael J. , Gasser Thomas , Heberer Michael , Sauter Guido , Spagnoli Giulio C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTAAs of the MAGE family are mostly studied as targets of specific immune responses. Their potential relevance as tumor markers has also been underlined. We used a MAb, 57B, recognizing MAGE‐A4 protein in paraffin‐embedded sections, to evaluate its expression in bladder cancers by employing TMA including 2,317 samples from 1,849 patients. In 2,090/2,317 cases (90.2%), immunostaining yielded interpretable results. Since for some patients more than 1 sample was available, only interpretable first biopsies (n = 1,628) were considered. MAGE‐A4 protein was expressed at significantly (p < 0.001) higher frequency in squamous (25/55, 45.5%) than in adeno (4/15, 26.7%), sarcomatoid (4/14, 28.6%), small cell (5/20, 25%) or transitional cell (281/1,522, 18.5%) carcinomas. In TCCs, overall MAGE‐A4 positivity was significantly correlated with invasive phenotype (p < 0.001) and high tumor grade (p < 0.0001). Clinical data from 908 TCC patients were retrospectively evaluated, revealing that strong 57B staining was highly significantly associated with decreased tumor‐specific survival (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that evaluation of MAGE‐A4 protein expression is useful in the identification of groups of TCCs characterized by severe prognosis, thus possibly providing indications for early MAGE TAA‐targeted immunotherapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment and simulation of atrazine in irrigated soils
Authors: Azevedo A. S. , Pereira L. S. , Kanwar R. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGroundwater pollution in agricultural areas as a result of the excessive use of fertilizers and herbicides has been a major concern in industrialized countries. This study was conducted to investigate the movement of atrazine through the soil profile, in two different but representative soils of the Sorraia Valley region, Portugal: silty loam and sandy soils. Results from field studies were used to calibrate and evaluate the hydrological and pesticide components of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), under irrigated conditions. The RZWQM is effective in simulating plant growth of the maize crop. For both soil types (silty loam and sandy soils) model predictions on soil water content were in agreement with the observed values. During the calibration year, for most of the irrigation events, model predictions of atrazine concentrations were in the same range as the observations. These results indicate that RZWQM can be used, when properly calibrated to simulate the movement of water and atrazine through the soil profile, for Portuguese conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.