bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall risk and cardiovascular outcomes of first‐line antihypertensive medications in nursing home residents
Authors: Berry Sarah D. , Hayes Kaleen , Lee Yoojin , Zhang Yuan , Kim Dae H. , Ko Darae , Kiel Douglas P. , Daielo Lori , Zhang Tingting , Zullo Andrew R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle evidence exists about the comparative effects of first‐line antihypertensive medications (i.e., renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone converting enzyme inhibitors (RAASi), amlodipine, or thiazide diuretics) in older adults with limited life expectancy. We compared the rates of injurious falls and short‐term cardiovascular events between different first‐line antihypertensive medication classes in adults receiving care in nursing homes (NH).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries receiving care in NHs. Patients newly dispensed first‐line antihypertensive medications were identified using Part D claims (2015–2018) and linked with clinical assessments (i.e., Minimum Data Set). Fall‐related injuries (FRI), hip fractures, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) outcomes were identified using hospitalization claims. Patients were followed from the date of antihypertensive dispensing until the occurrence of outcomes, death, disenrollment, or 6‐month follow‐up. Inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment‐weighted (IPTW) cause‐specific hazards regression models were used to compare outcomes between patients who were new users of RAASi, amlodipine, or thiazides.ResultsOur cohort included 16,504 antihypertensive users (RAASi, n = 9574; amlodipine, n = 5049; thiazide, n = 1881). Mean age was 83.5 years (± 8.2), 70.6% were female, and 17.2% were non‐white race. During a mean follow‐up of 5.3 months, 326 patients (2.0%) experienced an injurious fall, 1590 (9.6%) experienced MACE, and 2123 patients (12.9%) died. The intention‐to‐treat IPTW hazard ratio (HR) for injurious falls for amlodipine (vs RAASi) use was 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–1.08) and for thiazides (vs RAASi) was 1.22 (95% CI 0.88–1.66). The rates of MACE were similar between those taking anti‐hypertensive medications. Thiazides were discontinued more often than other classes; however, inferences were largely unchanged in as‐treated analyses. Subgroup analyses were generally consistent.ConclusionsOlder adults with limited life expectancy experience similar rates of injurious falls and short‐term cardiovascular events after initiating any of the first‐line antihypertensive medications.
The mediating and moderating role of recovery experience between occupational stress and turnover intention in nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Kim Junekyu , Lim Hong‐A , Song Yeoungsuk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the relationships among occupational stress, recovery experience and turnover intention among nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).BackgroundThe high turnover intention among nurses affect patient safety quality of patient care.DesignThe cross‐sectional study design was used. This study was guided by STROBE.MethodsConvenience sampling identified 202 registered nurses working in the COVID‐19 wards of three tertiary general hospitals in two cities in South Korea. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to estimate path coefficients and assess the adequacy of the model. The moderating effects of recovery experience on the pathway in which occupational stress of the participants affects turnover intention were verified using model 1 of the SPSS PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes.ResultsThe recovery experience did not significantly mediate the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention. However, it had significant moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention (β = .005, 95% CI [.001, .010]). The effect of occupational stress on turnover intention was dependent on recovery experience.ConclusionThe results revealed that occupational stress among nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19 affect the turnover intention and the level of recovery experience moderates this relationship. Thus, not only during the COVID‐19 pandemic but also during challenging times of various infectious disease outbreaks, hospitals can enhance the health and well‐being of nurses and promote the retention of nursing staff.Implications for the professionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, nurses have been exposed to understaffing and overwhelming workloads. However, policies for nurses' welfare and benefits are still insufficient, even as the pandemic comes to an end. The results of this study indicate that sufficient rest and appropriate nursing personnel are of utmost importance to nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The link between economic growth and emigration from developing countries: Does migrants' skill composition matter?
Authors: Lanati Mauro , Thiele Rainer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTackling the root causes of migration from developing countries through development cooperation has been suggested as an essential part of the policy mix in OECD migrant destinations. This is even though the evidence on whether economic development leads to more or less people emigrating is so far inconclusive. We investigate the relationship between income per capita and emigration to OECD countries separately for three different skill groups—low‐skilled, medium‐skilled and high‐skilled emigrants—being the first to employ panel regression approaches that account for cross‐country heterogeneity and cover a policy‐relevant time frame of about 5 years. Our findings reveal a universal negative association between income per capita and emigration for all three skill groups and for different income thresholds. This implies that policy makers should not be too concerned about potential trade‐offs between (successful) development cooperation and immigration management, at least in the short to medium run that our analysis covers. At the same time, the scope for using development cooperation as a migration policy instrument can be considered to be limited given the modest size of the estimated income effect: Taking our point estimates at face value, a 10% rise in GDP per capita would on average lead to about 3600 fewer immigrants per destination.
Barriers to appropriate complementary feeding and the use of ultra‐processed foods: A formative qualitative study from rural Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Elazar , Abdirahman Ibrahim , Letta Shiferaw , Kirby Miles , Mamo Tigist , Metaferia Henok , Oranga Beryl , Leight Jessica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChildren's consumption of ultra‐processed foods (UPF) is increasing in Ethiopia, but relatively little is known about the specific feeding practices that underlie this pattern. The objective of this study was to explore patterns of consumption of UPF by infants and young children within a broader context of inappropriate complementary feeding practices in extremely poor households in rural Oromia, Eastern Ethiopia. A formative qualitative study was conducted using semistructured interview questionnaires developed drawing on a socioecological model. A total of 16 focus group discussions with mothers (45 respondents), fathers (21 respondents) and grandmothers (23 respondents) of children aged 6–23 months in households that were beneficiaries of the Productive Safety Net Program were conducted, along with four key informant interviews with health workers. Qualitative transcripts were complemented with field notes before qualitative content analysis was applied. The key findings suggest that UPF were widely provided to infants and young children as part of a pattern of suboptimal complementary feeding, including both early and late initiation of complementary foods. In particular, UPF (including juice, biscuits and lipid‐based nutrient supplements) were diluted with or dissolved in water and fed to infants via bottle, often before the recommended age of initiation of 6 months. Mothers and caregivers reported that they perceived the products to be affordably priced and packaged, ready to use and convenient given their time constraints. The level of consumption of UPF and its effects on infant and young child feeding feeding practices and children's nutritional status in rural Ethiopia should be further explored.
Damage scenario analysis of bridges using crowdsourced smartphone data from passing vehicles
Authors: Sitton Jase D. , Rajan Dinesh , Story Brett A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBridge wear and deterioration occur over time under typical operations. Inspections can be resource intensive, infrequent, and sometimes require bridge closure. Instrumented passing vehicles may be used to record vibration responses and extract damage‐sensitive bridge frequency response characteristics. This paper presents a methodology for extracting bridge frequencies from crowdsourced dynamic response data recorded within passing vehicles. Detected bridge frequency changes and a novel point cloud methodology are used to identify critical damage scenarios and estimate remaining life. The use of a novel crowdsourced Welch methodology allows for spectra averaging that reduces the influence of noise and transient events. Numerical and experimental studies illustrate that bridge frequencies can be accurately estimated and that changes in bridge frequency caused by different damage scenarios can be characterized. Numerical examples for the damage scenario analysis, including estimation of remaining life, are provided for two bridge types and three specific damage scenarios.
The optimal combination of pastoral activities and wildlife conservation in the Serengeti ecosystem
Authors: Kibira Gerald , Muchapondwa Edwin , Ntuli Herbert 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is competition for land between Maasai pastoralists and the park agency in the Serengeti ecosystem. The park agency wants to use the land for wildlife conservation while the pastoralist community wants to use it for livestock grazing. Predatory wildlife kills livestock while herbivorous wildlife competes with livestock for water and grazing. In retaliation, the Maasai hunt predators and grazers to protect their livestock and also to supply the black market for wildlife products. With both the Maasai and animal populations growing, increased conflicts are inevitable. This paper develops a bioeconomic model with three animal species to analyse the optimal combination of pastoral activities and wildlife conservation in the Serengeti ecosystem. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle, the market problem for each agent is optimized and compared to the social planner's outcome. Results show that the market solutions are suboptimal because of negative externalities affecting both agents and inadequate regard to biodiversity conservation values. Mathematical simulations of the bioeconomic model are used to generate a solution in which the Maasai pastoralists and park agency can optimally share the land for their mutual benefit. The policy implication is that the government should establish an independent regulatory institution with a primary mandate of balancing the contested socioeconomic and ecological needs of stakeholders in prime ecosystems such as the Serengeti.
Uncovering a phylogenetic signal in plant biopolymer chemistry: a comparison of sporopollenin isolation approaches for use in palynological research
Authors: Jardine Phillip E. , Kent Matthew S. , Fraser Wesley T. , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Lomax Barry H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSporomorphs (pollen and spores) are a mainstay of research into past vegetation, and increasingly sporomorph chemistry is being used as a palaeoecological tool. To make extant sporomorphs directly comparable to fossil specimens, fresh material is processed to remove labile compounds and isolate the sporopollenin wall. A range of processing approaches are currently in use, but the chemistries produced by these different techniques have not yet been compared across a range of taxa. It is therefore not clear how they compare in terms of efficiently isolating sporopollenin without changing its chemical structure, and what impact they have on relative chemical similarities and differences among taxa (i.e. whether more closely related species will always appear chemically more similar, regardless of how they have been processed). Here, we test this by applying five different processing approaches to sporomorphs from 15 taxa from across the vascular plant phylogeny. We show that each approach has its own idiosyncrasies in terms of impacts on sporomorph chemistry. For the most part a common pattern of among‐taxon chemical variability is uncovered, and a phylogenetic signal within sporopollenin chemistry is supported. Working with spectral derivatives generally increases agreement among the different processing approaches, but decreases the strength of the phylogenetic signal. No one processing approach is ideal, and the choice of which to use is likely to depend on the goal of the study, the type and quantity of material being processed, and the laboratory facilities available for processing.
The impact of multifactorial stress combination on reproductive tissues and grain yield of a crop plant
Authors: Peláez‐Vico María Ángeles , Sinha Ranjita , Induri Sai Preethi , Lyu Zhen , Venigalla Sai Darahas , Vasireddy Dinesh , Singh Pallav , Immadi Manish Sridhar , Pascual Lidia S. , Shostak Benjamin , Mendoza‐Cózatl David , Joshi Trupti , Fritschi Felix B. , Zandalinas Sara I. , Mittler Ron 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYGlobal warming, climate change, and industrial pollution are altering our environment subjecting plants, microbiomes, and ecosystems to an increasing number and complexity of abiotic stress conditions, concurrently or sequentially. These conditions, termed, “multifactorial stress combination” (MFSC), can cause a significant decline in plant growth and survival. However, the impacts of MFSC on reproductive tissues and yield of major crop plants are largely unknown. We subjected soybean (Glycine max) plants to a MFSC of up to five different stresses (water deficit, salinity, low phosphate, acidity, and cadmium), in an increasing level of complexity, and conducted integrative transcriptomic‐phenotypic analysis of their reproductive and vegetative tissues. We reveal that MFSC has a negative cumulative effect on soybean yield, that each set of MFSC condition elicits a unique transcriptomic response (that is different between flowers and leaves), and that selected genes expressed in leaves or flowers of soybean are linked to the effects of MFSC on different vegetative, physiological, and/or reproductive parameters. Our study identified networks and pathways associated with reactive oxygen species, ascorbic acid and aldarate, and iron/copper signaling/metabolism as promising targets for future biotechnological efforts to augment the resilience of reproductive tissues of major crop plants to MFSC. In addition, we provide unique phenotypic and transcriptomic datasets for dissecting the mechanistic effects of MFSC on the vegetative, physiological, and reproductive processes of a crop plant.
Virtual platelet cross‐matching as transfusion management for patients with immune platelet refractoriness
Authors: Bonet‐Bub Carolina , Blanco Bruna Paccola , de Oliveira Thais Carvalho , Sampaio Tamiris Baptista , Gomes Itala , de Freitas Dutra Valeria , Costa Thiago Henrique , Kutner José Mauro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study describes the use of the Epvix platform for virtual cross‐matching (VC) of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐compatible platelets for patients with immune platelet refractoriness, and demonstrates effectiveness of the selected platelets.Materials and MethodsA prospective cohort of haematological patients was evaluated from 2018 to 2022. HLA‐typed donor bank profile was previously uploaded to the Epvix platform. Each patient's antibody reactivity panel (PRA) was included in the platform. Then, search, selection and VC were performed, and 24‐h‐corrected count increment (CCI) platelet transfusion was calculated (reference ≥2500).ResultsSix patients were included (four female, two male), with mean age of 61 years. HLA antibodies were detected as the cause of immunity for all patients, whereas four patients also had non‐immune causes. High percentage of alloimmunization was detected in all studied patients (mean PRA: 85.7%). Thirty different donors were able to schedule and perform platelet donations. The mean 24‐h CCI count was 9882. All platelet transfusions achieved a satisfactory CCI count except for two transfusion events. Presence of non‐immune causes identified in these two cases could account for the unsatisfactory CCI.ConclusionEpvix is a free application hosted on the Web and uses the HLAMatchmaker algorithm to generate histocompatibility reports. This study demonstrates the efficiency of VC performed by Epvix. However, physical cross‐matching will still be necessary in some instances, as the platform does not support human platelet antigen polymorphism.
Analysis of the Multiphase Flow With Condensation in the Two-Phase Ejector Condenser Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Kuś Tomasz , Madejski Paweł 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The liquid-driven two-phase ejector condenser is the object of the numerical investigation. The spray-ejector condenser is one of the critical components of the developed gas power plant with negative CO2 emission. The task of the ejector is to entrain exhaust gas and condense steam contained in it. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling allows analyzing complex phenomena and predicting the influence of a wide range of operating parameters on the local structure of the multiphase flow with condensation. The geometrical model of the ejector was designed to provide efficient steam condensation and generate sub-pressure region at the gas inlet. The 2D, axisymmetric CFD model was created using simcenter star ccm+ software. The multiphase mixture model was used to take into account two-phase flow. Turbulent flow was computed using k–ω SST model. Direct contact condensation of steam was calculated using two different approaches: the Spalding/evaporation model and the thermally-driven boiling/condensation model. The influence of various gas inlet velocities and the presence of CO2 on the operation of the ejector condenser were investigated based on scalar fields and charts representing changes in the most important variables along the flow path. The condensation is the most intense in the suction chamber. The boiling/condensation model predicts lower suction pressure and higher condensation effectivity than Spalding/evaporation model. The CO2 considerably affects the pressure and temperature distributions and reduces the condensation rate.
Effect of Flocks of Anseriform Birds on Seston and Phytoplankton in Lakes of the Taimyr Peninsula
Authors: Gladyshev M. I. , Rosenfeld S. B. , Anufrieva T. N. , Kirtaev G. V. , Kravchuk E. S. , Ryabitsev A. V. , Kolmakova A. A. , Ivanova E. A. , Anishchenko O. V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The effect of molting anseriform birds on the structure and elemental composition of phytoplankton (seston) has been assessed in 20 Arctic lakes of the Taimyr Peninsula. In lakes (part of the lake) inhabited by ~50–700 birds of six species, the average stoichiometric ratio N : P (mol : mol) was statistically significantly lower than in lakes without anseriforms: 15.8 ± 1.4 and 22.4 ± 2.7, respectively. There was also a tendency of higher average specific electrical conductivity in the lakes with the birds, 113 ± 32 µS/cm, when compared with those without anseriforms, 60 ± 18 µS/cm. The differences could be explained with high probability by the effect of guanotrophication, namely, by a flow in water of metabolites of molting anseriforms. The total biomass of phytoplankton and proportions of algal taxa and cyanobacteria in the total biomass did not differ statistically significantly in lakes with and without molting anseriforms. Therefore, under guanotrophication, the main threat of eutrophication was absent: an increase of biomass of cyanobacteria, causing the nuisance “bloom” of water. Moreover, an opposite tendency occured: in lakes with molting anseriforms, the proportion of cyanobacteria in total biomass of phytoplankton was on average lower than that in lakes without the birds, 16.2 ± 5.3% and 30.8 ± 9.3%, respectively. Thus, a hypothesis was confirmed that artificial guanotrophication should be regarded as a suitable ecotechnology for the increase of productivity of oligotrophic Arctic lakes.
SLANG.D: Fast, Modular and Differentiable Shader Programming
Authors: Bangaru Sai Praveen , Wu Lifan , Li Tzu-Mao , Munkberg Jacob , Bernstein Gilbert , Ragan-Kelley Jonathan , Durand Frédo , Lefohn Aaron , He Yong 
Published: December 2023

We introduce SLANG.D, an extension to the Slang shading language that incorporates first-class automatic differentiation support. The new shading language allows us to transform a Direct3D-based path tracer to be fully differentiable with minor modifications to existing code. SLANG.D enables a shared ecosystem between machine learning frameworks and pre-existing graphics hardware API-based rendering systems, promoting the interchange of components and ideas across these two domains.
Our contributions include a differentiable type system designed to ensure type safety and semantic clarity in codebases that blend differentiable and non-differentiable code, language primitives that automatically generate both forward and reverse gradient propagation methods, and a compiler architecture that generates efficient derivative propagation shader code for graphics pipelines. Our compiler supports differentiating code that involves arbitrary control-flow, dynamic dispatch, generics and higher-order differentiation, while providing developers flexible control of checkpointing and gradient aggregation strategies for best performance. Our system allows us to differentiate an existing real-time path tracer, Falcor, with minimal change to its shader code. We show that the compiler-generated derivative kernels perform as efficiently as handwritten ones. In several benchmarks, the SLANG.D code achieves significant speedup when compared to prior automatic differentiation systems.