bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The operational paradigm in psychiatry: How valid is it?
Authors: Telles‐Correia Diogo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne of the criticisms of the operational/diagnostic criteria, generalised since DSM‐III, has been that they were shaped solely to achieve the best inter‐peer reliability with no considerations for validity. This does not fully reflect reality since throughout the development of the criteria, there was an effort to define and fulfil some validity requirements. However, despite several attempts to create alternative diagnostic systems, there is still a widespread misunderstanding of the epistemological foundations that support this paradigm.MethodsIn this article, we intend to analyse the epistemological context in which the operational criteria (OC) emerged and some of the validation processes they have undergone since their conception.ResultsOn the epistemological basis of these operational criteria (OC) the influence of Hempel has been widely discussed. However, the group from St. Louis and, also the DSM‐III editors, never openly acknowledged his role and his contribution and revealed other influences such as other medical specialties (that used and validated several OC in the diagnosis of their diseases). On the other hand, contrary to what has often been mentioned there has been a continuous attempt to validate the OC since their conception. In the implementation and development of the operational paradigm, a more instrumental trend was followed, focused on utility, but with successive attempts to achieve realistic validity by searching for biological or psychological causality. The methodologies were initially expert‐driven and gradually more data‐driven and included some variables external to the construct itself, such as familial aggregation, diagnostic consistency over time, prognostic and other psychometric measures.
Sleep in people with and without intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Browne E. G. , King J. R. , Surtees A. D. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems are regularly reported in people with intellectual disabilities. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in studies comparing sleep in people with intellectual disabilities to control participants, with an increase in the use of validated, objective measures. Emerging patterns of differences in sleep time and sleep quality warrant pooled investigation.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across three databases (Ovid Embase, PsycInfo and Medline) and returned all papers comparing sleep in people with intellectual disabilities to a control group, published since the last meta‐analysis on the topic. A quality framework was employed to rate the risk of bias across studies. Separate meta‐analyses of sleep duration and sleep quality were conducted. Subgrouping compared findings for those studies with participants with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental conditions and those with heterogeneous intellectual disability.ResultsThirteen new papers were identified and combined with those from the previous meta‐analysis to provide 34 papers in total. Quality of studies was generally rated highly, though sampling provided risk of bias and adaptive functioning was rarely measured. People with intellectual disability associated with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental conditions sleep for shorter time periods (standardised mean difference = .26) and experience worse sleep quality (standardised mean difference = .68) than their peers. People with intellectual disability of heterogeneous origin show no difference in sleep time but have poorer sleep quality. There was some evidence that age moderated these effects.ConclusionsPeople with intellectual disability have poorer sleep than those without. Subtle patterns suggest that aetiology of intellectual disability moderates the topography of these difficulties, with further work needed to differentiate common and distinct mechanisms across groups.
Constraints on the Palaeoproterozoic tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Lewisian Gneiss Complex, NW Scotland: Implications for Nuna assembly
Authors: Volante Silvia , Dziggel Annika , Walters Jesse B. , Evans Noreen J. , Herbst Maximilian , Roper Richard Albert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite extensive investigation, the tectono‐thermal evolution of the Archean crust in the Lewisian Gneiss Complex in NW Scotland (LGC) is debated. Most U–Pb zircon geochronological and metamorphic studies have focused on rocks from the central region of the mainland LGC, where granulite facies assemblages associated with the oldest (Badcallian) tectono‐metamorphic event at c. 2.75 Ga are overprinted by younger amphibolite facies assemblages related to the Inverian (c. 2.5 Ga) and subsequent Laxfordian (c. 1.9–1.65 Ga) tectono‐thermal events. In the southern and northern regions of the mainland LGC, deformation and metamorphism associated with the Laxfordian event are pervasive, although the timing and conditions are poorly constrained. Here, we present new field, petrographic and structural data, U–Pb zircon and titanite geochronology and phase equilibrium modelling of amphibolite samples from the northern and southern regions. Our field observations show that in both regions, pre‐Laxfordian structures are significantly reworked by steep NW‐striking fabrics that are themselves pervasively overprinted by co‐axial deformation and amphibolite facies metamorphism related to the Laxfordian event. In situ U–Pb titanite geochronology yields Laxfordian ages of 1853 ± 20 Ma in the southern region (P = 6–8 kbar and T = 640–690°C) and 1750 ± 20 Ma and 1776 ± 10 Ma in the northern region (P = 6–7.5 kbar and T = 740–760°C). While U–Pb dating of zircon rims from felsic gneisses in the central region shows a dominant Inverian metamorphic overprint at c. 2500 Ma, zircon rims in felsic gneisses from the northern and southern regions commonly yield Laxfordian dates as young as c. 1800 Ma. Combined, the results support the idea that, during the Palaeoproterozoic, the central region of the LGC acted as low‐strain domain, in which intense deformation and metamorphism were restricted to crustal‐scale shear zones. By contrast, in the southern and northern regions, early (c. 1.85 Ga) and late (c. 1.75 Ga) Laxfordian deformation and fluid‐mediated metamorphism were much more pervasive and at higher P–T conditions than previously proposed. The diachronous Laxfordian evolution of the southern and northern regions indicate that they reflect early and late snapshots of collisional to transpressional tectonics in the mainland LGC. The long‐lasting Laxfordian evolution documents the collision of the Rae and North Atlantic cratons during the Palaeoproterozoic amalgamation of the supercontinent Nuna, with implications for the palaeogeographic configuration of NW Scotland during Palaeoproterozoic Nuna.
They also served: Nurses, the great war, and children's picture books
Authors: Millward Allison , Kerby Martin , Dewhirst Catherine , Baguley Margaret 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBritish and Australian children's books about the Great War remain a steadfastly conservative example of popular culture, particularly when exploring war time nursing. The marginalized place of females in children's literature, the failure of the official histories to adequately acknowledge the unique experience of the nurses, and the popular focus on the battlefield have discouraged any sustained focus. This article will analyze how Hilary Robinson and Martin Impey (Peace Lily), Kate Simpson and Jess Racklyeft (Anzac Girl: The War Diaries of Alice Ross‐King), and Mark Wilson (Rachel's War: The Story of an Australian WWI Nurse) have responded to this challenge.
Differentiation of stable kidney function versus progressive dysfunction in dogs
Authors: Cowgill Larry D. , Segev Gilad , Vaden Shelly , Ross Sheri , Dufayet Cedric , Cohn Leah A. , Nabity Mary , Farace Giosi , Szlosek Donald , Ouyang Zenhwa , Peterson Sarah , Beall Melissa , Yerramilli Murthy , Polzin David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCirculating creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are biomarkers of kidney function that have been used variously to define stable vs progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Slope monitoring of inverse biomarker values (creatinine−1 or SDMA−1) has shown promise, but quantitative criteria to distinguish stable vs progressive CKD using this approach are lacking.ObjectiveAssessment of creatinine−1 and SDMA−1 slope cutoffs to distinguish stable vs progressive CKD.AnimalsOne hundred ten clinically healthy university staff‐owned dogs and 29 male colony dogs with progressive X‐linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN).MethodsRetrospective analysis combining 2 prospective observational studies, 1 tracking kidney function biomarkers in healthy dogs (HDs) to a maximum of 3 years, and 1 tracking kidney function biomarkers in male colony dogs with progressive XLHN to a maximum of 1 year. The minimum slope of creatinine−1 or SDMA−1 as measured using the IDEXX SDMA test from HD was assigned as the slope cutoff for stable kidney function.ResultsThe stable vs progressive slope cutoff was −0.0119 week × dL/mg for creatinine−1 and −0.0007 week × dL/μg for SDMA−1.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn the studied CKD population, progressive dysfunction can be distinguished from stable kidney function by using the slope of creatinine−1 or SDMA−1. These criteria may serve to characterize CKD in other cohorts of dogs and to establish guidelines for degrees of progression rate in dogs with naturally occurring CKD.
Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia
Authors: Assaad Ragui , Krafft Caroline 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough it is well‐established in the literature that unemployment is a labour market insertion problem in the Middle East and North Africa, the dynamics driving unemployment remain poorly understood. Using data from the Labor Market Panel Surveys in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, we offer insights into youth unemployment by studying flows into and out of unemployment. Female youth and Tunisian youth of both genders are particularly likely to experience long periods of unemployment. Educated youth from higher socioeconomic status backgrounds are more likely to experience unemployment, but there is not a strong relationship between background and unemployment duration.
Evaluation of Eazyplex® LAMP test for fast Candida auris direct detection of colonized patients
Authors: Hernández Felices Francisco Javier , Tormo Palop Nuria , Salvador García Carme , Mulet Bayona Juan Vicente , Guna Serrano M. Remedio , Gimeno Cardona Concepción 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCandida auris is a multidrug‐resistant pathogen yeast that produces nosocomial outbreaks, due to its ability in colonizing the skin, mucous membranes and surfaces. Rapid diagnosis is essential to control its spread. The aim of this study was to compare the Eazyplex® Candida auris kit (AmplexDiagnostics GmbH) for the rapid identification of patients colonized with C. auris, with the reference method used in our institution (culture and identification by MALDI‐TOF). This easy‐to‐perform test allows obtaining a fast result, in ~30 min. First, we achieved a preliminary study from previously characterized Candida species colonies obtained from 51 clinical samples, with 100% agreement between culture isolation and the Eazyplex® Candida auris LAMP. Second, 152 epidemiological surveillance samples (pharyngeal and axillary‐rectal swabs) were tested retrospectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 91.8%, 98.8%, 98.2% and 94.5%, respectively. Eazyplex® Candida auris showed acceptable results compared with culture in detecting C. auris from surveillance samples with the advantage of single‐test and shorter time for handling and result than culture, in addition to its great specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
Current status and future directions of liver transplantation for metabolic liver disease in children
Authors: Eldredge Jessica A. , Hardikar Winita 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the care of children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is well established and represent the second most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation in most centers worldwide, behind biliary atresia. OLT offers cure of disease when a metabolic defect is confined to the liver, but may still be transformative on a patient's quality of life reducing the chance of metabolic crises causing neurological damage in children be with extrahepatic involvement and no “functional cure.” Outcomes post‐OLT for inborn errors of metabolism are generally excellent. However, this benefit must be balanced with consideration of a composite risk of morbidity, and commitment to a lifetime of post‐transplant chronic disease management. An increasing number of transplant referrals for children with IEM has contributed to strain on graft access in many parts of the world. Pragmatic evaluation of IEM referrals is essential, particularly pertinent in cases where progression of extra‐hepatic disease is anticipated, with long‐term outcome expected to be poor. Decision to proceed with liver transplantation is highly individualized based on the child's dynamic risk‐benefit profile, their family unit, and their treating multidisciplinary team. Also to be considered is the chance of future treatments, such as gene therapies, emerging in the medium term.
Response of exogenous melatonin on transcription and metabolism of soybean under drought stress
Authors: Cao Liang , Zou Jingnan , Qin Bin , Bei Shijun , Ma Weiran , Yan Bowei , Jin Xijun , Zhang Yuxian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmino acid metabolism is an important factor in regulating nitrogen source assimilation and source/sink transport in soybean. Melatonin can improve plant stress resistance, but whether it affects amino acid metabolism is not known. Therefore, this study investigated whether exogenous melatonin had an effect on amino acid metabolism of soybean under drought conditions and explored its relationship with yield. The treatments were normal water supply treatment (WW), drought stress treatment (D), drought stress and melatonin treatment group (D + M), sprayed with 100 μmol/L melatonin. The effects of melatonin on amino acid metabolism and grain filling were studied by physiological and omics experiments using Kangxian 9 (drought‐sensitive variety) and Suinong 26 (drought‐resistant variety) soybean cultivars. The results showed that drought stress decreased the activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes, which inhibited the accumulation of dry matter and protein, and decreased the yield. In the drought‐sensitive soybean variety, glycoenzymes and amino acid synthetases synthetic genes were upregulated in melatonin‐treated soybeans, hence carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity increased, increasing the carbohydrate and amino acid contents simultaneously. This resulted in higher dry matter and yield than drought‐stressed soybean not treated with melatonin. In the drought‐resistant variety, the grain weight per plant increased by 7.98% and 6.57% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, while it increased by 23.20% and 14.07% in the drought‐sensitive variety during the respective years. In conclusion, melatonin treatment can enhance the activity of nitrogen and carbon metabolism and amino acid content by upregulating the expression of soybean metabolic pathway and related genes, thus increasing the yield of soybean under drought stress.
It's about time! Temporal dynamics and longitudinal research designs in public administration
Authors: Murdoch Zuzana , MacCarthaigh Muiris , Geys Benny 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany of the fundamental research questions in public administration relate to individual‐ or organization‐level temporal dynamics, including the impact of public sector reforms, (in)stability of public policies and organizations, development of public service motivation, or the workplace socialization of public employees. However, theoretical, methodological, and empirical public administration scholarship continues to take time and temporal dynamics insufficiently seriously. This constitutes a major shortcoming within the profession and implies that we are yet to unlock the transformative potential of longitudinal research. Building on the recent development of novel research infrastructures that can support the study of temporal dynamics of—and within—public organizations, this Symposium pushes for a “longitudinal turn” in the study of public administration. We maintain that more concerted efforts to apply a temporal lens to our research endeavors are critical to theorize, empirically assess, and understand public administrations as well as the bureaucrats employed within them.
Life satisfaction and unemployment—The role of gender attitudes and work identity
Authors: Longhi Simonetta , Nandi Alita , Bryan Mark , Connolly Sara , Gedikli Cigdem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnemployment has a strong negative effect on subjective well‐being, but the effect varies across groups. Using an event study approach, we explore the sources of heterogeneity in the effect of the transition into unemployment on life satisfaction, focusing on work identity and gender role attitudes. All experience a loss of life satisfaction when they become unemployed, but we find greater heterogeneity of experience among men: the losses in life satisfaction are greater if they hold egalitarian rather than traditional gender role attitudes, and if they have strong rather than weak work identity. Among women, those holding traditional gender role attitudes experience larger losses. We discuss possible reasons for these results.
Influence of different midsole foam in advanced footwear technology use on running economy and biomechanics in trained runners
Authors: Rodrigo‐Carranza Víctor , Hoogkamer Wouter , González‐Ravé José María , Horta‐Muñoz Sergio , Serna‐Moreno María del Carmen , Romero‐Gutierrez Ana , González‐Mohíno Fernando 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEthylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyether block amide (PEBA) are recently the most widely used materials for advanced footwear technology (AFT) that has been shown to improve running economy (RE). This study investigated the effects of these midsole materials on RE and biomechanics, in both fresh and worn state (after 450 km).MethodsTwenty‐two male trained runners participated in this study. Subjects ran four 4‐min trials at 13 km‧h−1 with both fresh EVA and PEBA AFT and with the same models with 450 km of wear using a randomized crossover experimental design. We measured energy cost of running (W/kg), spatiotemporal, and neuromuscular parameters.ResultsThere were significant differences in RE between conditions (p = 0.01; n2 = 0.17).There was a significant increase in energy cost in the worn PEBA condition compared with new (15.21 ± 1.01 and 14.87 ± 0.99 W/kg; p < 0.05; ES = 0.54), without differences between worn EVA (15.13 ± 1.14 W/kg; p > 0.05), and new EVA (15.15 ± 1.13 w/kg; ES = 0.02). The increase in energy cost between new and worn was significantly higher for the PEBA shoes (0.32 ± 0.38 W/kg) but without significant increase for the EVA shoes (0.06 ± 0.58 W/kg) (p < 0.01; ES = 0.51) with changes in step frequency and step length. The new PEBA shoes had lower energy cost than the new EVA shoes (p < 0.05; ES = 0.27) with significant differences between conditions in contact time.ConclusionThere is a clear RE advantage of incorporating PEBA versus EVA in an AFT when the models are new. However, after 450 km of use, the PEBA and EVA shoes had similar RE.
Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on Gas Evolution and Energy Efficiency Evolution in Pyrolysis and CO2-Assisted Gasification
Authors: Ye Xinhao , Li Jinhu , Lu Wei , Liu Xuan , Wang Zhiwei , Liang Chisen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, the same moles of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species were introduced into pine wood to investigate their effects on biomass pyrolysis and carbon dioxide-assisted gasification. First, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to examine the pyrolytic behavior of pine wood loaded with alkali and alkaline earth metallic species. A semi-batch fixed bed platform was used to quantify gaseous product parameters, including gas mass flowrate, gas yield, recovered energy, energy efficiency, and net carbon dioxide consumption. Thermogravimetric results indicated that the loading of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species promoted the thermal decomposition of pine wood at low temperatures, but an inhibitory effect was observed at high temperatures. In terms of pyrolysis, adding alkaline earth metals increased syngas yields, and recovered energy, as well as energy efficiency, whereas alkali metals had the opposite effect. For the gasification, the loading of alkali metals showed a stronger catalytic than the pine wood loaded with alkaline earth metals. Based on the evolution of carbon monoxide, the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species on enhancing the biochar's gasification reactivity were in the sequence of sodium &gt; potassium &gt; calcium &gt; magnesium. In addition, the addition of alkali metals exhibited a stronger capacity for carbon dioxide consumption, which contributed to the management of the greenhouse gas. Considering only energy efficiency, adding alkaline earth metals in biomass pyrolysis is an optimal choice due to the higher overall energy efficiency obtained in less time.
Impacts of the Bottom Vortex on the Surrounding Flow Characteristics of a Semi-Submerged Rectangular Cylinder Under Four Aspect Ratios
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Ren Junsheng , Li Dongyue , Tu Can , Bai Weiwei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vortex has attracted attention because it is the main factor affecting the flow characteristics around offshore structures. This paper researches the flow field variations around a semi-submerged rectangular cylinder (SRC) under four aspect ratios, thereby revealing the bottom vortex effects on the flow field at Reynolds number = 36,300. According to the particle image velocimetry (PIV) data, the renormalization group (RNG) k–ε model is selected as an applicable turbulence model for studying SRC flow characteristics. From the results, the bottom vortex generation and streamwise velocity are inseparable. As the draft increases, the increased range of the bottom vortex would directly interfere with the flow characteristic around the SRC. Since the wake vortex forms a reattachment state when the SRC pierces the free surface, its flow field could be disturbed by the bottom vortex. Furthermore, the bottom vortex also affects the extreme point position of the boundary layer characteristic at the SRC bottom.
GLHAD: A Group Lasso-Based Hybrid Attack Detection and Localization Framework for Multistage Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Kokhahi Ahmad , Li Dan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs Industry 4.0 and digitization continue to advance, the reliance on information technology increases, making the world more vulnerable to cyberattacks, especially cyber-physical attacks that can manipulate physical systems and compromise sensor data integrity. Detecting cyberattacks in multistage manufacturing systems (MMS) is crucial due to the growing sophistication of attacks and the complexity of MMS. Attacks can propagate throughout the system, affecting subsequent stages and making detection more challenging than in single-stage systems. Localization is also critical due to the complex interactions in MMS. To address these challenges, a group lasso regression-based framework is proposed to detect and localize attacks in MMS. The proposed algorithm outperforms traditional hypothesis testing-based methods in expected detection delay and localization accuracy, as demonstrated in a simple linear multistage manufacturing system.