bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV‐disease progression in Swedish haemophiliacs and the influence of replacement therapy
Authors: Astermark J. , Johnsson H. , Stigendal L. , Lethagen S. , Berntorp E. 
Published: November 2003

HIV‐disease progression in terms of the decline in CD4+ cell count, the development of AIDS‐related symptoms and death was studied in 100 Swedish HIV‐positive haemophiliacs and correlated to age and haemophilia treatment.On average 15 years after seroconversion, 66% of the patients had CD4+ cell counts of < 200×106 L−1, 48% had developed AIDS and 56% had died. Age was found to correlate to all three endpoints, also after adjustment for age, annual clotting factor concentrate (CFC) consumption and HIV‐related therapy, i.e. pneumocystis prophylaxis and antiretroviral drugs (P < 0.05). Total annual CFC consumption showed no significant relationship to the decline in CD4+ cell counts but was inversely correlated to both the development of AIDS‐related symptoms (P = 0.033) and mortality (P = 0.014). Prophylactic treatment was not associated with significantly better survival than on‐demand treatment after adjustment for age, CFC consumption and HIV‐therapy. The use of monoclonal‐antibody‐purified CFCs was not found to stabilize the decline in CD4+ cell counts. However, the use of these CFCs was inversely correlated both to the development of AIDS‐related symptoms and to mortality (P = 0.042 and 0.027, respectively). A similar trend was associated with the use of low‐ and intermediate‐purity CFCs. As compared with the severe haemophilia A subgroup, the moderate haemophilia A patients showed a trend toward slower disease progression, possibly attributable to a lower incidence of haemarthrosis and arthropathy among the latter.We conclude that replacement therapy in HIV‐infected haemophiliacs is important also for HIV‐disease progression, whereas the purity of the CFCs and the regimen used are of minor importance.
Massive ovarian oedema
Authors: NOGALES F.F. , MARTIN‐SANCES L. , MENDOZA‐GARCIA E. , SALAMANCA A. , GONZÁLEZ‐NUÑEZ M.A. , PARDO MINDÁN F.J. 
Published: November 2003

Eighteen cases of massive ovarian oedema are presented. The age of patients averaged 26 years and 16 presented with an acute abdomen. Hormonal symptoms included virilism in three cases and one with precocious pseudopuberty. Ultrasonographic findings were variable and not diagnostically accurate. When performed, CA 125 levels were not raised. Seventy‐two percent of cases occurred in the right ovary and none were bilateral. Torsion occurred in 14 cases. Salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed in all cases.To elucidate its pathogenesis, be this either due to intermittent chronic torsion or to a proliferative phenomenon, immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67 and PCNA proliferation antigens, alpha‐actin and oestrogen and progesterone receptors was performed. The Ki‐67 proliferation index ranged between 0% and 3%, demonstrating the low proliferative status of stromal cells. The PCNA indices, however, were unusually high (60% and above). The divergence between these findings is explained by the fact that PCNA positivity may be related to nuclear reparation subsequent to ischaemia. Alpha‐actin was consistently positive in stromal cells, reflecting a myofibroblastic transformation of these cells. These findings together with the clinical evidence of torsion in the majority of cases, lead us to consider that ovarian oedema is a reactive, non‐proliferative state of specific stromal cells, occurring as a response to torsion and subsequent ischaemia. The stromal cells have positive oestrogen and progesterone receptors and may undergo stimulatory changes responsible for the hormonally related symptoms often found associated with massive ovarian oedema.
Gastrointestinal tumour masses due to multiple myeloma: a pathological mimic of malignant lymphoma
Authors: GRIFFITHS A.P. , SHEPHERD N.A. , BEDDALL A. , WILLIAMS J.G. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:To describe and evaluate two cases of gastrointestinal involvement by multiple myeloma.Methods and results:Clinical details were obtained from patients records and routine histopathological sections were correlated with haematological and immunohistochemical investigations. As shown in the accompanying illustrations, myeloma manifests as large, atypical, non‐cohesive cells which may mimic high‐grade lymphoma.Conclusions:Extraskeletal spread of multiple myeloma occurs more frequently than is currently recognized, but clinical involvement of gut is rarely reported. Gut involvement may occur soon after initial diagnosis of myeloma and may be of serious clinical consequence. Histologically, it may mimic high‐grade lymphoma. Failure to recognize myelomatous involvement of gut may result in inappropriate surgery or oncological therapy.
p53 tumour suppressor gene protein expression in early and advanced gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: ROA I. , VILLASECA M. , ARAYA J. , ROA J. , DE ARETXABALA X. , MELO A. , IBACACHE G. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Gallbladder carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant tumours occurring in Chile and the mortality rate in both sexes ranks among one of the highest in the world. Mutation of p53 tumour suppressor gene has been demonstrated in many tumours. Our aim was to determine protein expression of p53 gene in early and advanced gallbladder carcinoma.Methods and results:Protein expression of gene p53 was studied by immunohistochemical means in 191 gallbladder carcinomas (157 primary tumours, 34 metastases) and 25 controls. In 86 out of 191 cases (45%), protein expression of gene p53 was observed. Differences related to sex, age, or race were not observed. All gallbladder controls were negative. Twenty‐five per cent of well‐differentiated tumours were p53 positive, while moderate or poorly differentiated carcinomas reached 50% (P = 0.04). p53 expression was observed in 23.5% of early carcinomas and in 48.2% of advanced carcinomas (P = 0.01). No differences between primary tumours and metastasis were demonstrated.Conclusions:Protein expression of p53 tumour suppressor gene is observed in 45% of gallbladder carcinomas. The absence of expression in controls and in normal mucosa adjacent to tumours suggests its utility in differentiating atypical gallbladder epithelia from neoplastic lesions.
Lesions of 13q may occur independently of deletion of 16q in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas
Authors: DAL CIN P. , SCIOT R. , POLITO P. , STAS M. , DE WEVER I. , CORNELIS A. , VAN DEN BERGHE H. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Very recent multidisciplinary investigations have allowed for the definition among lipomas of a clinical and histological subtype called spindle cell and/or pleomorphic lipoma, possibly associated with partial monosomy 16 and anomalies of chromosome 13. In order to get nearer to the underlying critical molecular changes further multidisciplinary pathological and genetic research is indicated, to identify which chromosome(s) anomalies are crucial in the development of these tumours.Methods and results:In an ongoing multidisciplinary study of lipomatous tumours, including clinical findings, morphology, histochemistry and cytogenetics, two instances were found of spindle cell lipoma with clonal chromosome changes. In both cases chromosome 13 was involved, whereas only one showed a partial monosomy 16.Conclusions:Partial monosomy 16 is a characteristic lesion in spindle cell lipoma, usually associated with anomalies of chromosome 13. The present report confirming a previous single observation indicates, however, that lesions of 13 may occur independently from lesions of 16, suggesting different underlying molecular lesions in these otherwise very similar lipomas.
Rapid verification of the identity of questionable specimens using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA‐class I antigens
Authors: LAGAAIJ E.L. , CRAMER‐KNIJNENBURG G.F. , VAN DER PIJL J.W. , BRUIJN J.A. , DE FIJTER J.W. , VAN KRIEKEN J.H.J.M. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:A case report is presented in which an unexpected pathological diagnosis raised the possibility that biopsies of two patients were mixed‐up. Since these biopsies were obtained from kidney transplant patients, the HLA‐typings of both patients were known.Methods and results:We developed an immunohistochemical method using HLA‐class I specific monoclonal antibodies to recognize the donor and recipient antigens in these biopsies. Using this method we could confirm the identity of the patients of whom the biopsies had been taken.Conclusions:This method, which uses the highly polymorphic HLA‐system, is potentially useful for rapid and easy verification of the identity of specimens if a mix‐up is suspected.
Adenomyoepithelioma of the skin: a case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations
Authors: WALLIS N.T. , BANERJEE S.S. , EYDEN B.P. , ARMSTRONG G.R. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:The histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features of a primary adenomyoepithelioma of skin, a rare sweat gland tumour, are reported.Methods and results:The tumour occurred on the back of a 92‐year‐old woman. It was composed of well‐formed tubules lined by epithelial cells surrounded by clear or spindled myoepithelial cells. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial cells exhibited strong cytokeratin (CAM5.2) and weak carcinoembryonic antigen positivity. The myoepithelial cells showed diffuse positivity for smooth muscle actin and focal positivity for S100 protein. Ultrastructurally, the myoepithelial cells contained myofilaments with focal densities and hemi‐desmosomes. They were limited by well‐formed basal lamina. The tumour was associated with a small eccrine spiradenoma.Conclusion:We predict that the tumour will behave in a benign fashion. There is no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 28 months later.
The extent of apoptosis is inversely associated with bcl‐2 expression in premalignant and malignant breast lesions
Authors: MUSTONEN M. , RAUNIO H. , PÄÄKKÖ P. , SOINI Y. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:In this study we investigated the extent of apoptosis in benign, premalignant and malignant breast lesions and its association with the immunohistochemical expression of bcl‐2 oncoprotein.Methods and results:In order to detect apoptotic cells and bodies in tissue sections, the 3′‐end DNA labelling method was used. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex technique. A monoclonal antibody agains bcl‐2 oncoprotein was used and the specificity of the antibody was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. According to the results the extent of apoptosis, as determined by the apoptotic index, was lowest in benign ductal hyperplasias and sclerosing adenoses (0.15% and 0.07%, respectively). It was moderately elevated in atypical hyperplasias and in‐situ carcinomas (0.20% and 0.40%, respectively) and highest in invasive carcinomas (0.76%). In ductal invasive carcinomas, grade I lesions showed a lower apoptotic index (0.52%) than grade II (0.72%) and grade III (1.17%) carcinomas. The apoptotic index was not significantly lower in lobular (0.82%) than in ductal invasive carcinomas (0.85%). bcl‐2 immunohistochemistry was inversely related to the apoptotic index. In all cases studied the inverse association was very strong (P = 0.0004) but it was also present when only carcinomas were analysed (P = 0.01). In benign and atypical hyperplasias, bcl‐2 positivity was observed in all cases, but such cases were less frequent in in‐situ lesions and in invasive carcinomas.Conclusions:The results show that there is an inverse relationship between the extent of apoptosis and bcl‐2 expression in breast lesions suggesting that its expression affects the regulation of apoptosis in them.
Clinicopathological and interphase cytogenetic analysis of desmoid tumours
Authors: KOUHO H. , AOKI T. , HISAOKA M. , HASHIMOTO H. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Recurrence of desmoid tumours is difficult to predict from only histological findings. In this study, immunohistochemistry for counting stromal blood vessels and proliferative activity, DNA flow cytometry, and interphase cytogenetic analysis of chromosome 8 by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to assess the correlation between their parameters and the recurrence of desmoid tumours.Methods and results:The cases examined included 16 extra‐abdominal desmoid and eight abdominal desmoids, comprising 14 recurrent and 10 non‐recurrent cases. Eleven (69%) of the 16 extra‐abdominal desmoids and three (38%) of the eight abdominal desmoids recurred. Patients with recurrent lesions (mean age, 20 years) were younger than those with non‐recurrent tumours (34 years). Histologically, tumours with hypervascular areas frequently recurred after surgery in comparison with those with hypovascularity. There was no significant correlation between tumour size, the labelling index of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the recurrence. In flow cytometric analysis, all the cases examined showed a diploid pattern. The FISH study revealed that the incidence of trisomy 8 was significantly higher in the recurrent (72.7%) than in the non‐recurrent cases (12.5%).Conclusions:These results suggest that a subgroup of desmoid tumours at risk of recurrence may be hypervascular lesions associated with trisomy 8.
Nasal T/NK cell lymphomas commonly express perforin and Fas ligand: important mediators of tissue damage
Authors: OHSHIMA K. , SUZUMIYA J. , SHIMAZAKI K. , KATO A. , TANAKA T. , KANDA M. , KIKUCHI M. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Two molecular mechanisms of T/natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, one perforin based and the other Fas based, have been demonstrated, and both systems induce cytotoxicity in the target cells. The Fas‐based mechanism involves the transducing molecule Fas and its ligand (FasL). In addition, perforin and/or FasL are also expressed in the cytotoxic T/NK cells. This study was thus designed to investigate the Fas and perforin pathways of the cytotoxic T/NK lymphoma cells in the nasal cavity.Methods and results:Eight patients with nasal lymphoma were analysed using immunohistochemical staining methods. Two cases were CD3+ CD56+ (T/NK cell) type, and six were CD3− CD56+ (NK cell) type. All cases showed Epstein–Barr virus genomes by in‐situ hybridization. In addition, all cases showed the expression of TIA‐1 (GMP‐17), which is a marker of cytotoxic T and NK cells. FasL was expressed in the majority of the lymphoma cells and some histiocytes, while Fas was found in lymphoma cells and many non‐neoplastic cells. In addition, the expression of perforin was detected in almost all lymphoma cells. In the double stainings, lymphoma cells expressed both FasL and perforin. Based on these findings, both the perforin‐ and Fas‐based pathway of the cytotoxic T/NK lymphoma cells are thus considered to play an important role in the clinical features.Conclusions:Tissue damage is a common morphological feature in nasal T/NK cell lymphoma. The above findings therefore support the theory that tissue damage is due to both the cytotoxicity of T/NK lymphoma cells as well as to angiocentricity.
Osteoid and bone formation in a nasal mucosal melanoma and its metastasis
Authors: HOORWEG J.J. , LOFTUS B.M. , HILGERS F.J.M. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:To present a literature review and a case history concerning bone and osteoid formation by a metastasizing (mucosal) melanoma.Case details:Osteocartilaginous differentiation and production of osteocartilaginous structures in malignant melanoma have been described only in 12 previous cases (osteoid in 11, bone in four), all of which involved dermal melanomas. Five of these melanomas were recurrent and one was associated with neurofibromatosis. The case report concerns a 75‐year‐old man with a nasal mucosal melanoma which was treated surgically. One year later, the patient developed a local recurrence and a cervical lymph node metastasis. Both the recurrent tumour and the metastasis showed clear evidence of bone and osteoid formation.Conclusions:This case is the first report in the literature, clearly demonstrating bone and osteoid formation by a mucosal melanoma, not only at the primary site, but even more convincingly in a cervical lymph node metastasis.
Immunohistochemical analysis of decalcified paraffin‐embedded human bone marrow biopsies with emphasis on MHC class I and CD34 expression
Authors: LOYSON S.A.J. , RADEMAKERS L.H.P.M. , JOLING P. , VROOM T.M. , VAN DEN TWEEL J.G. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:To identify the stromal structures and haematopoietic cell lineages in normal bone marrow. The optimal conditions were studied for the reactivity of a panel of antibodies, applicable to paraffin sections of decalcified trephine biopsies using antigen retrieval methods.Methods and results:Two methods of antigen retrieval (pepsin and acid citrate buffer) were tested. For the demonstration of most antigens and for reduction of background staining, heating in acid citrate buffer was preferred. In the case of elastase and von Willebrand Factor (factor VIIIrAg) pepsin pre‐treatment was optimal, whereas Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA‐1) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) required no pre‐treatment. Staining patterns obtained after 48 h EDTA decalcification and short electrolytic decalcification were identical. Both methods allowed recognition of HLA‐A and HLA‐B antigens, isolated CD34+ cells, mono‐histiocytic cells (CD68+), myeloid cells (elastase and myeloperoxidase), erythroid cells (glycophorin C) and of megakaryocytic cells (Factor VIIIrAg). A relative simple lymphocyte‐subset analysis was possible in decalcified paraffin sections allowing recognition of B‐cells (CD20+) and T‐cells (CD3+ and CD45RO+) in frequencies comparable to frozen sections. Suitable stromal cell staining was achieved by vimentin and desmin antibodies, whereas the bone marrow capillary network was visualized by CD34, factor VIIIrAg and UEA‐1.Conclusions:This immunohistochemical study indicates that all cellular components of the haematopoietic microenvironment of the bone marrow can be identified in decalcified paraffin sections using antigen retrieval methods and that the time of decalcification can be reduced to 1–1.5 h.
Expression of c‐Met correlates with grade of malignancy in human astrocytic tumours: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: NABESHIMA K. , SHIMAO Y. , SATO S. , KATAOKA H. , MORIYAMA T. , KAWANO H. , WAKISAKA S. , KOONO M. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Recent studies suggest the involvement of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) in glioma cell invasion and tumour progression. We investigated the distribution and rate of tumour cells that express c‐Met protein, which is the cell‐surface receptor for HGF/SF, in astrocytic tumours. The type of cells that express c‐Met in tumour tissues was also identified.Methods and results:c‐Met expression was screened immunohistochemically in a total of 43 astrocytic tumours, including 14 low‐grade astrocytomas (A), 13 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) and 16 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). c‐Met reactivity was demonstrated predominantly in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. Bizarre large tumour cells tended to stain intensely. Higher c‐Met expression levels (≥ 2 +, more than 25% cells were positive) were noted in 21.4% of (A) vs. 53.8% in (AA) and 87.5% in (GBM) (P < 0.001), indicating a clear relationship between c‐Met protein staining and higher grade astrocytic tumours. Moreover, c‐Met immunoreactivity was also shown in tumour microvasculature, reactive astrocytes, and neurones in the cortex infiltrated by glioma cells. In 85.7% of cases containing infiltrated cortex, neurones were positive vs. no neurones in non‐neoplastic regions (P < 0.002).Conclusions:This evidence suggests that c‐Met expression in the brain could be associated with astrocytoma progression and also reactive process. Immunohistochemical determination of c‐Met‐expressing cell types helps to understand possible roles of c‐Met in tumour tissues.
Retrieved endogenous biotin: a novel marker and a potential pitfall in diagnostic immunohistochemistry
Authors: BUSSOLATI G. , GUGLIOTTA P. , VOLANTE M. , PACE M. , PAPOTTI M. 
Published: November 2003

Aim:Antigen retrieval (AR) procedures are based on the effect of heating (by either microwave or pressure cooking treatments) on routinely fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. We observed that AR procedures restore the reactivity of endogenous biotin (EB) and report on the distribution of EB following AR in a series of routinely fixed and embedded tissues.Methods and results:Following pressure cooking or microwave treatments, a simple streptavidin–peroxidase staining revealed retrieved endogenous biotin (REB) in normal tissues (such as liver, kidney and adrenal cortex), in oxyphylic cells and in some tumours, especially in carcinomas of the kidney and of the adrenal cortex. In formalin‐fixed (but not in alcohol‐fixed) tissue sections, the heating procedures caused an intense and finely granular cytoplasmic reaction, following a routine streptavidin‐conjugated peroxidase treatment. The staining was prevented by blocking of EB by a sequential avidin–biotin treatment.Conclusions:Retrieval of EB reactivity can cause pitfalls in diagnostic immunohistochemistry but, alternatively, it might also constitute a useful and novel diagnostic marker.
Application of cross‐sectional imaging in the differential diagnosis of apical radiolucency
Authors: HARRIS I. R. , BROWN J. E. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryA case is described in which exact localization of a cystic lesion associated with the apices of the maxillary central incisor teeth was sought to aid diagnosis and presurgical planning. The area was imaged using cross‐sectional tomographic slices in the sagittal plane produced by a Scanora® multimodal tomographic unit (Orion Corporation Soredex, Helsinki, Finland). The images demonstrated the cystic lesion arising within the incisive canal, confirming a diagnosis of naso‐palatine duct cyst. Surgery was therefore performed via a palatal approach giving direct access to the cyst. Histological examination of the enucleated cyst confirmed a naso‐palatine duct cyst.
The effect of pulpotomy using CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers on dental pulp tissue
Authors: JUKIĆ S. , ANIĆ I. , KOBA K. , NAJŽAR‐FLEGER D. , MATSUMOTO K. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe histological response of the dental pulp after laser irradiation was studied. After pulpotomy was performed in the premolar and molar teeth of dogs, the exposed pulp tissue at the root canal opening was lased using either a CO2 or Nd:YAG laser. The laser parameters were 2 W, 10 ms, 5 times per second for 1, 2 and 3 s for CO2 laser and 2W, 20 pulses per second for 1, 2 and 3 s for the Nd:YAG laser. Observations were made 30 and 45 days after treatment. The results revealed that laser irradiation caused carbonization, necrosis, infiltration of inflammation cells, oedema and haemorrhage in the pulp tissue. Under the conditions of this experiment, there was little histological evidence of repair to the treated pulp with a newly formed dentine barrier, which was in contrast to the control samples treated with a calcium hydroxide‐containing cement(Dycal).