bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(styrene)‐Supported Co–Salen Complexes as Efficient Recyclable Catalysts for the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Epichlorohydrin
Authors: Zheng Xiaolai , Jones Christopher W. , Weck Marcus 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHere we describe an unprecedented synthetic approach to poly(styrene)‐supported chiral salen ligands by the free radical polymerization of an unsymmetrical styryl‐substituted salen monomer (H2salen=bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine). The new method allows for the attachment of salen moieties to the polymer main chain in a flexible, pendant fashion, avoiding grafting reactions that often introduce ill‐defined species on the polymers. Moreover, the loading of the salen is controlled by the copolymerization of the styryl‐substituted salen monomer with styrene in different ratios. The polymeric salen ligands are metallated with cobalt(II) acetate to afford the corresponding supported Co–salen complexes, which are used in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin, exhibiting high reactivity and enantioselectivity. Remarkably, the copolymer‐supported Co–salen complexes showed a better catalytic performance (>99 % ee, 54 % conversion, one hour) in comparison to the homopolymeric analogues and the small molecule Co–salen complex. The soluble poly(styrene)‐supported catalysts were recovered by precipitation after the catalytic reactions and were recycled three times to afford almost identical enantiomeric excesses as the first run, with slightly reduced reaction rates.
Outcome of partial hepatectomy for large (> 10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liau Kui‐Hin , Ruo Leyo , Shia Jinru , Padela Aasim , Gonen Mithat , Jarnagin William R. , Fong Yuman , D'Angelica Michael I. , Blumgart Leslie H. , DeMatteo Ronald P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurgical resection for large (> 10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is believed by many to be ineffective. The objective of the current study was to review the outcome of partial hepatectomy in patients with large HCC.METHODSBetween 1985 and 2002, 193 consecutive patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC were identified from a prospective database. The 82 patients with tumors > 10 cm were compared with the remaining 111 patients with ≤ 10 cm tumors. Clinicopathologic features were analyzed and prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTSThe 5‐year overall survival for patients with large HCC was 33% with a median of 32 months. Patients with ≤ 10 cm tumors had similar survival. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the groups in operative mortality (2% in large HCC vs. 6%) or recurrence rate. In patients with large HCC, vascular invasion by tumor and intraoperative blood loss > 2 liters predicted overall survival on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSPartial hepatectomy is safe for patients with large HCC. In selected patients with large tumors, resection achieves similar overall survival and recurrence‐free survival to that of patients with smaller tumors. Minimizing intraoperative blood loss appears to be critical for favorable long‐term outcome in patients with large HCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein (LRP)‐2/megalin is transiently expressed in a subpopulation of neural progenitors in the embryonic mouse spinal cord
Authors: Wicher Grzegorz , Larsson Mårten , Rask Lars , Aldskogius Håkan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe lipoprotein receptor LRP2/megalin is expressed by absorptive epithelia and involved in receptor‐mediated endocytosis of a wide range of ligands. Megalin is expressed in the neuroepithelium during central nervous system (CNS) development. Mice with homozygous deletions of the megalin gene show severe forebrain abnormalities. The possible role of megalin in the developing spinal cord, however, is unknown. Here we examined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of megalin in the embryonic mouse spinal cord using an antibody that specifically recognizes the cytoplasmic part of the megalin molecule. In line with published data, we show expression of megalin in ependymal cells of the central canal from embryonic day (E)11 until birth. In addition, from E11 until E15 a population of cells was found in the dorsal part of the developing spinal cord strongly immunoreactive against megalin. Double labeling showed that most of these cells express vimentin, a marker for immature astrocytes and radial glia, but not brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), a marker for radial glial cells, or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for mature astrocytes. These findings indicate that the majority of the megalin‐positive cells are astroglial precursors. Megalin immunoreactivity was mainly localized in the nuclei of these cells, suggesting that the cytoplasmic part of the megalin molecule can be cleaved following ligand binding and translocated to the nucleus to act as a transcription factor or regulate other transcription factors. These findings suggest that megalin has a crucial role in the development of astrocytes of the spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:123–131, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topography of olivo‐cortico‐nuclear modules in the intermediate cerebellum of the rat
Authors: Pijpers Angelique , Voogd Jan , Ruigrok Tom J.H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study provides a detailed anatomical description of the relation between olivo‐cortico‐nuclear modules of the intermediate cerebellum of the rat and the intrinsic zebrin pattern of the Purkinje cells. Strips of climbing fibers were labeled using small injections of biotinylated dextran amine into either the medial or dorsal accessory olives, while, in some cases, simultaneous retrograde labeling of Purkinje cells was obtained using gold‐lectin injections into selected parts of the interposed nuclei. Our data are represented in a new, highly detailed, cortical surface reconstruction of the zebrin pattern and in relation to the collateral labeling of the climbing fibers to the cerebellar nuclei. We show that the somatotopic regions of the dorsal accessory olive behave differently in their projections to essentially zebrin‐negative regions that represent the C1 and C3 zones of the anterior and posterior parts of the cortex. The rostral part of the medial accessory olive projects to zebrin‐positive areas, in particular to the P4+ band of the anterior lobe and lobule VI and to the P5+ band of the posterior lobe, indicating that C2 has two noncontiguous representations in the SL and crus 1. By relating the areas of overlap that resulted from the injections in the accessory olives, i.e., labeling of climbing fiber strips and patches of climbing fiber nuclear collaterals, with the results from the injections in the interposed nuclei, i.e., retrograde labeling of Purkinje cells and of inferior olivary neurons, direct verification of the concept of modular cerebellar connections was obtained. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:193–213, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse brain IgG‐like immunoreactivity: Strain‐specific occurrence in microglia and biochemical identification of IgG
Authors: Hazama Gen‐I , Yasuhara Osamu , Morita Hiroyuki , Aimi Yoshinari , Tooyama Ikuo , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUnlike the brains of most mammals, the mouse brain appears unique in the massive appearance of cells showing IgG‐like immunoreactivity, which has repeatedly been shown via immunohistochemistry. In the present study, we first examined possible species differences in IgG‐like immunohistochemical staining in the brains of various rodents, including mice. In four of six mouse strains examined (ICR, Balb/c, C57BL/6, and AKR/J), antibodies against mouse IgG revealed positive staining in many brain microglia. However, no such positive staining was detected in brains of the rat, hamster, guinea pig, or two other mouse strains (CBA/N and CBA/J). We purified IgG‐like‐immunoreactive molecule(s) biochemically from brain of the ICR mouse as a representative mouse strain. Our amino‐acid‐sequence analysis proved that the purified protein was identical to serum IgG. The possibility of IgG synthesis by brain microglia in the ICR mouse was denied by our RT‐PCR experiments and in situ hybridization histochemistry. In addition, Fcγ‐receptor‐deficient double‐knockout mice of the C57BL/6 genetic background contained no IgG‐immunoreactive microglia in the brain. These results clearly indicate that microglial IgG staining is due to the uptake of serum IgG through Fcγ receptors. However, the strain‐specific mechanisms resulting in microglial IgG uptake remain to be elucidated, in that Fcγ receptors are omnipresent in microglia of all rodents examined here. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:234–249, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constitutive neuronal expression of CCR2 chemokine receptor and its colocalization with neurotransmitters in normal rat brain: Functional effect of MCP‐1/CCL2 on calcium mobilization in primary cultured neurons
Authors: Banisadr Ghazal , Gosselin Romain‐Daniel , Mechighel Patricia , Rostène William , Kitabgi Patrick , Mélik Parsadaniantz Stéphane 
Published: September 2005

AbstractChemokines and their receptors are well described in the immune system, where they promote cell migration and activation. In the central nervous system, chemokine has been implicated in neuroinflammatory processes. However, an increasing number of evidence suggests that they have regulatory functions in the normal nervous system, where they could participate in cell communication. In this work, using a semiquantitative immunohistochemistry approach, we provide the first neuroanatomical mapping of constitutive neuronal CCR2 localization. Neuronal expression of CCR2 was observed in the anterior olfactory nucleus, cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, caudate putamen, globus pallidus, supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and in the brainstem and cerebellum. These data are largely in accordance with results obtained using quantitative autoradiography with [125I]MCP‐1/CCL2 and RT‐PCR CCR2 mRNA analysis. Furthermore, using dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry we studied the chemical phenotype of labeled neurons and demonstrated the coexistence of CCR2 with classical neurotransmitters. Indeed, localization of CCR2 immunostaining is observed in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the ventral tegmental area as well as in cholinergic neurons in the substantia innominata and caudate putamen. Finally, we show that the preferential CCR2 ligand, MCP‐1/CCL2, elicits Ca2+ transients in primary cultured neurons from various rat brain regions including the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon. In conclusion, the constitutive neuronal CCR2 expression in selective brain structures suggests that this receptor could be involved in neuronal communication and possibly associated with cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and related disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:178–192, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereological study of postnatal development in the mouse utricular macula
Authors: Kirkegaard Mette , Nyengaard Jens R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study describes the morphometric changes taking place in the utricular macula of mice with ages in geometric progression from 1 to 512 days after birth. By using design‐based stereological methods, the total volume and surface area of the sensory epithelium as well the total number of the hair cells and supporting cells were estimated. Finally, the numerical density, volume density, and mean volume of the individual cell types were determined. The major changes were found in the number of the individual cell types during the first couple of weeks, and a mature composition of cell types was not attained until 16 days after birth. There was no change in the total number of cells and no decline in the number of hair cells within the time period studied. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:132–144, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SOX7 and SOX18 are essential for cardiogenesis in Xenopus
Authors: Zhang Chi , Basta Tamara , Klymkowsky Michael W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEarly in vertebrate development, endodermal signals act on mesoderm to induce cardiogenesis. The F‐type SOXs SOX7 and SOX18β are expressed in the cardiogenic region of the early Xenopus embryo. Injection of RNAs encoding SOX7 or SOX18β, but not the related F‐type SOX, SOX17, leads to the nodal‐dependent expression of markers of cardiogenesis in animal cap explants. Injection of morpholinos directed against either SOX7 or SOX18mRNAs lead to a partial inhibition of cardiogenesis in vivo, while co‐injection of SOX7 and SOX18 morpholinos strongly inhibited cardiogenesis. SOX7 RNA rescued the effects of the SOX18 morpholino and visa versa, indicating that the proteins have redundant functions. In animal cap explants, it appears that SOX7 and SOX18 act indirectly through Xnr2 to induce mesodermal (Eomesodermin, Snail, Wnt11), organizer (Cerberus) and endodermal (endodermin, Hex) tissues, which then interact to initiate cardiogenesis. Versions of SOX7 and SOX18 with their C‐terminal, β‐catenin interaction domains replaced by a transcriptional activator domain failed to antagonize β‐catenin activation of Siamois, but still induced cardiogenesis. These observations identify SOX7 and SOX18 as important, and previously unsuspected, regulators of cardiogenesis in Xenopus. Developmental Dynamics 234:878–891, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The homeodomain transcription factor Gbx1 identifies a subpopulation of late‐born GABAergic interneurons in the developing dorsal spinal cord
Authors: John Anita , Wildner Hendrik , Britsch Stefan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe dorsal spinal cord processes somatosensory information and relays it to higher brain centers and to motoneurons in the ventral spinal horn. These functions reside in a large number of distinct sensory interneurons that are organized in specific laminae within the dorsal spinal horn. Homeodomain and bHLH transcription factors can control the development of neuronal cell types in the dorsal horn. Here, we demonstrate that the murine homeodomain transcription factor Gbx1 is expressed specifically in a subset of Lbx1+ (class B) neurons in the dorsal horn. Expression of Gbx1 in the dorsal spinal cord depends on Lbx1 function. Immunohistological analyses revealed that Gbx1 identifies a distinct population of late‐born, Lhx1/5+, Pax2+ neurons. In the perinatal period as well as in the adult spinal cord, Gbx1 marks a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons. The expression of Gbx1 suggests that it controls development of a specific subset of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Developmental Dynamics 234:767–771, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noses and neurons: Induction, morphogenesis, and neuronal differentiation in the peripheral olfactory pathway
Authors: Balmer Curtis W. , LaMantia Anthony‐Samuel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNonaxial mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) induction guides peripheral olfactory pathway differentiation using cellular and molecular mechanisms similar to those in the developing limbs, aortic arches, and branchial arches. At each of these bilaterally symmetric sites off the midline axis, a thickened ectodermal epithelium is apposed to a specialized mesenchyme derived largely, but not exclusively, from the neural crest. The capacity of M/E interaction in the olfactory primordia (the combined olfactory placodal epithelium and adjacent mesenchyme) to induce a distinct class of sensory receptor neurons—olfactory receptor neurons—suggests that this mechanism has been modified to accommodate neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and axon guidance, in addition to musculoskeletal differentiation, chondrogenesis, and vasculogenesis. Accordingly, although the olfactory primordia share signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators with other bilaterally symmetric, nonaxial sites such as limb buds, their activity may be adapted to mediate distinct aspects of cellular differentiation and process outgrowth during the initial assembly of a sensory pathway—the primary olfactory pathway—during early forebrain development. Developmental Dynamics 234:464–481, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple 1,2‐Diamine Ligands for Asymmetric Addition of Aryllithium Reagents to Imines
Authors: Cabello Noemi , Kizirian Jean‐Claude , Gille Ségolène , Alexakis Alexandre , Bernardinelli Gérald , Pinchard Laurent , Caille Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEnantioselective addition of various aryllithium reagents to aromatic imines was catalyzed (20 mol‐%) by readily accessible 1,2‐diamines to afford a wide range of protected diarylmethylamines in up to 94 % enantiomeric excess. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of these arylation products was determined by using X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Hydrothermal and mechanical stresses degrade fiber–matrix interfacial bond strength in dental fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Bouillaguet Serge , Schütt Andrea , Alander Pasi , Schwaller Patrick , Buerki Gerhard , Michler Johann , Cattani‐Lorente Maria , Vallittu Pekka K. , Krejci Ivo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites (FRCs) show great promise as long‐term restorative materials in dentistry and medicine. Recent evidence indicates that these materials degrade in vivo, but the mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms of deterioration of glass fiber–polymer matrix bond strengths in dental fiber‐reinforced composites during hydrothermal and mechanical aging. Conventional three‐point bending tests on dental FRCs were used to assess flexural strengths and moduli. Micro push‐out tests were used to measure glass fiber–polymer matrix bond strengths, and nanoindentation tests were used to determine the modulus of elasticity of fiber and polymer matrix phases separately. Bar‐shaped specimens of FRCs (EverStick, StickTech, and Vectris Pontic, Ivoclar‐Vivadent) were either stored at room temperature, in water (37 and 100°C) or subjected to ageing (106 cycles, load: 49 N), then tested by three‐point bending. Thin slices were prepared for micro push‐out and nanoindentation tests. The ultimate flexural strengths of both FRCs were significantly reduced after aging (p < 0.05). Both water storage and mechanical loading reduced the interfacial bond strengths of glass fibers to polymer matrices. Nanoindentation tests revealed a slight reduction in the elastic modulus of the EverStick and Vectris Pontic polymer matrix after water storage. Mechanical properties of FRC materials degrade primarily by a loss of interfacial bond strength between the glass and resin phases. This degradation is detectable by micro push‐out and nanoindentation methods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Evaluation of an improved acid hydrolysis‐HPLC assay for the acetyl content in chitin and chitosan
Authors: Ng Chuen‐How , Hein San , Chandrkrachang Suwalee , Stevens Willem F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFunctional properties of the amino polysaccharides, chitin and chitosan, vary significantly with their acetyl content. The acid hydrolysis‐HPLC method offers good accuracy and precision to assay the acetyl content regardless of the solubility of the sample. In this research, the hydrolysis parameters were changed, and the analytical method was counterchecked with other methods. Complete hydrolysis was achieved by mixing chitosan with 1.4 mM oxalic acid and 12 M sulfuric acid followed by treatment at 110°C for 40 min. A sealed glass ampule was used instead of a vacuum hydrolysis tube. The acetic acid released during acid hydrolysis was measured quantitatively by HPLC. A high correlation (r2 = 0.98) was obtained between the modified HPLC assay and the solid‐state 13C CP/MAS NMR method for the samples of various crustacean sources with a wide range of acetyl contents. The modified HPLC method was also highly correlated (r2 = 0.99) with the first derivative UV method for soluble chitosan. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Sealing properties of different resin‐based root canal sealers
Authors: Adanir Necdet , Çobankara Funda Kont , Belli Sema 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this study, a comparison of the sealing properties of three different resin‐based sealers, AH26, Diaket, and EndoREZ with those of the root canal sealer zinc oxide–eugenol‐based U/P Root Canal Sealer was performed. Eighty extracted single‐rooted human mandibular first premolar teeth were used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed at the apical 17‐mm of roots. The root canals were prepared to a size 7 with ProFile 0.06 taper Series 29 rotary instruments in a crown‐down manner before lateral condensation of gutta‐percha with the tested sealers (n = 20). A fluid filtration method was used for quantitative evaluation of apical leakage. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant differences between the resin‐based sealers groups (AH26, Diaket, and EndoREZ) (p>0.05). U/P Root Canal Sealer, zinc oxide–eugenol‐based sealer, leaked significantly more than other tested groups (p<0.05). Under the limitations of this study, resin‐based root canal sealers were found more effective in sealing root canals than the zinc oxide–eugenol‐based sealer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Theoretical aspects of virus capsid assembly
Authors: Zlotnick Adam 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA virus capsid is constructed from many copies of the same protein(s). Molecular recognition is central to capsid assembly. The capsid protein must polymerize in order to create a three‐dimensional protein polymer. More than structure is required to understand this self‐assembly reaction: one must understand how the pieces come together in solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of photochemical tissue bonding for closure of skin incisions and excisions
Authors: Kamegaya Yoko , Farinelli William A. , Vila Echague Agustina V. , Akita Hirotaka , Gallagher Jamie , Flotte Thomas J. , Anderson R. Rox , Redmond Robert W. , Kochevar Irene E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a new non‐thermal technique for tissue repair involving application of a photochemically active dye and irradiation with visible light. The objective was to compare PTB with standard sutures and the tissue adhesive, octyl cyanoacrylate, for closure of skin incisions and excisions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIncisions and excisions made on the flanks of a Hanford mini‐pig were secured with subcutaneous sutures. Superficial closure methods were 3–0 monofilament sutures, PTB (Rose Bengal and green light), tissue adhesive and the combination of tissue adhesive then PTB. Wounds were evaluated 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively for cosmetic outcomes and histology.ResultsCosmetic outcomes and histological scar width of incisions and excisions did not differ among the treatment groups at 2, 4, and 6 weeks.ConclusionPTB is as effective as standard sutures for wound closure in porcine skin in terms of cosmetic outcomes and safety. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.