bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonic eigenmodes and transmittance of finite-length 1D cholesteric liquid crystal resonators
Authors: Zaplotnik Jaka , Mur Urban , Malkar Deepshika , Ranjkesh Amid , Muševič Igor , Ravnik Miha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCholesteric liquid crystals exhibit a periodic helical structure that partially reflects light with wavelengths comparable to the period of the structure, thus performing as a one-dimensional photonic crystal. Here, we demonstrate a combined experimental and numerical study of light transmittance spectra of finite-length helical structure of cholesteric liquid crystals, as affected by the main system and material parameters, as well as the corresponding eigenmodes and frequency eigenspectra with their Q-factors. Specifically, we have measured and simulated transmittance spectra of samples with different thicknesses, birefringences and for various incident light polarisation configurations as well as quantified the role of refractive index dispersion and the divergence of the incident light beam on transmittance spectra. We identify the relation between transmittance spectra and the eigenfrequencies of the photonic eigenmodes. Furthermore, we present and visualize the geometry of these eigenmodes and corresponding Q-factors. More generally, this work systematically studies the properties of light propagation in a one-dimensional helical cholesteric liquid crystal birefringent profile, which is known to be of interest for the design of micro-lasers and other soft matter photonic devices.
Amino acid transporter SLC38A5 is a tumor promoter and a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sniegowski Tyler , Rajasekaran Devaraja , Sennoune Souad R. , Sunitha Sukumaran , Chen Fang , Fokar Mohamed , Kshirsagar Sudhir , Reddy P. Hemachandra , Korac Ksenija , Mahmud Syed Mosharaf , Sharker Tanima , Ganapathy Vadivel , Bhutia Yangzom D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells have a great demand for nutrients in the form of sugars, amino acids, and lipids. Particularly, amino acids are critical for cancer growth and, as intermediates, connect glucose, lipid and nucleotide metabolism. PDAC cells meet these requirements by upregulating selective amino acid transporters. Here we show that SLC38A5 (SN2/SNAT5), a neutral amino acid transporter is highly upregulated and functional in PDAC cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SLC38A5, we show its tumor promoting role in an in vitro cell line model as well as in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Using metabolomics and RNA sequencing, we show significant reduction in many amino acid substrates of SLC38A5 as well as OXPHOS inactivation in response to SLC38A5 deletion. Experimental validation demonstrates inhibition of mTORC1, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in KO cells, suggesting a serious metabolic crisis associated with SLC38A5 deletion. Since many SLC38A5 substrates are activators of mTORC1 as well as TCA cycle intermediates/precursors, we speculate amino acid insufficiency as a possible link between SLC38A5 deletion and inactivation of mTORC1, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, and the underlying mechanism for PDAC attenuation. Overall, we show that SLC38A5 promotes PDAC, thereby identifying a novel, hitherto unknown, therapeutic target for PDAC.
A chain mediation model reveals the association between mindfulness and depression of college students
Authors: Zhang Junliang , Hu Zhongzheng , Zheng Shuang , Liu Yingyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study aims to explore the relationship among mindfulness, depression, meaning in life (MIL) and psychological resilience (PR), and verify whether MIL and PR have a chain mediating effect between mindfulness and depression. 1034 college students in a province were investigated by using Adolescent Mindfulness Scale, Depression Scale, Meaning in Life Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrap was used to analyze the data and test whether MIL and PR play a chain mediating role between mindfulness and depression among university students. In the present research, the direct effect value of mindfulness on college students’ depression was 0.14, and the effect amount was 61%. The effect values of MIL and PR between mindfulness and college students’ depression were 0.03 and 0.05, and the effect amount is 13% and 22%. In the meantime, the chain mediating effect of MIL and PR was significant, the effect value is 0.01 and the effect amount is 4%. The effects of mindfulness on depression of university students were mediated by MIL, PR and the chain of MIL and PR.
The importance of interpreting machine learning models for blood glucose prediction in diabetes: an analysis using SHAP
Authors: Prendin Francesco , Pavan Jacopo , Cappon Giacomo , Del Favero Simone , Sparacino Giovanni , Facchinetti Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMachine learning has become a popular tool for learning models of complex dynamics from biomedical data. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) management, these models are increasingly been integrated in decision support systems (DSS) to forecast glucose levels and provide preventive therapeutic suggestions, like corrective insulin boluses (CIB), accordingly. Typically, models are chosen based on their prediction accuracy. However, since patient safety is a concern in this application, the algorithm should also be physiologically sound and its outcome should be explainable. This paper aims to discuss the importance of using tools to interpret the output of black-box models in T1D management by presenting a case-of-study on the selection of the best prediction algorithm to integrate in a DSS for CIB suggestion. By retrospectively “replaying” real patient data, we show that two long-short term memory neural networks (LSTM) (named p-LSTM and np-LSTM) with similar prediction accuracy could lead to different therapeutic decisions. An analysis with SHAP—a tool for explaining black-box models’ output—unambiguously shows that only p-LSTM learnt the physiological relationship between inputs and glucose prediction, and should therefore be preferred. This is verified by showing that, when embedded in the DSS, only p-LSTM can improve patients’ glycemic control.
Intertype superconductivity in ferromagnetic superconductors
Authors: Vagov Alexei , Saraiva Tiago T. , Shanenko Arkady A. , Vasenko Andrey S. , Aguiar Jose Albino , Stolyarov Vasily S. , Roditchev Dimitri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn many pnictides the superconductivity coexists with ferromagnetism in an accessible range of temperatures and compositions. Recent experiments revealed that when the temperature of magnetic ordering Tm is below the superconducting transition temperature Tc, highly non-trivial physical phenomena occur. In this work we demonstrate the existence of a temperature window, situated between Tm and Tc, where these intrinsically type-II superconductors are in the intertype regime. We explore analytically and numerically its rich phase diagram characterized by exotic spatial flux configurations—vortex clusters, chains, giant vortices and vortex liquid droplets—which are absent in both type-I and type-II bulk superconductors. We find that the intertype regime is almost independent of microscopic parameters, and can be achieved by simply varying the temperature. This opens the route for experimental studies of the intertype superconductivity scarcely investigated to date.
Forest regrowth improves people’s dietary quality in Nigeria
Authors: Rasmussen Laura Vang , den Braber Bowy , Hall Charlotte M. , Rhemtulla Jeanine M. , Fagan Matthew E. , Sunderland Terry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo billion people currently suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Existing literature shows that forests can improve people’s dietary quality—yet forests are often overlooked in food security policies, which focus primarily on the production of staple crops. The Bonn Challenge has set a goal of restoring 350 million ha of forest by 2030, but it remains unclear whether restored forests will exhibit the species diversity needed to improve diets in the same way as existing forests. Here, we report how forest regrowth in Nigeria has affected people’s dietary quality. We combine a new map on forest regrowth with food consumption panel data from over 1100 households—and use a combination of regression and weighting analyses to generate quasi-experimental quantitative estimates of the impacts of forest regrowth on people’s food intake. We find that people living in areas where forest regrowth has occurred have a higher intake of fruits and vegetables and thus higher dietary diversity.
Teaching Receptive Vocabulary to Minimally Verbal Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Single-Case Multiple Baseline Design
Authors: Muldoon Deirdre M. , Gray Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this multiple probe design was (a) to investigate whether the use of the match-to-sample (MtS) procedure would result in independent identification of objects and (b) to examine whether the participants could generalize to matching objects and nonidentical pictures.

Method:
Using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design, three minimally verbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder and receptive language impairment were taught to identify common objects using a MtS procedure and physical prompts. Participants were taught to match identical objects to identical pictures. Maintenance checks were completed following mastery of vocabulary for a total of 22 words. Generalization probes were conducted with the objects and nonidentical pictures. Intervention was completed by a speech-language pathologist during typical speech-language pathology sessions.

Results:
Results illustrated that all of the participants learned to match and generalize the pictures. All were able to independently identify the objects at 1-month follow-up.

Conclusions:
MtS and prompting appear to be effective procedures for teaching receptive vocabulary and can be easily implemented by education professionals. Learner profiles varied for the participants in this study and are an important aspect when teaching students with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring receptive language impairment.
Undifferenced precise time transfer with information‐constraints
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Tu Rui , Chen Qiushi , Li Qi , Chen Junmei , Zhang Pengfei , Lu Xiaochun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSatellite navigation systems enable long‐distance and high‐precision time transfers. The authors proposed an undifferenced precise time transfer method with information constraints in this study. A more accurate receiver clock offset can be obtained by constraining the station coordinate parameters and receiver clock offset parameters to achieve a precise time transfer. In this example, the research object is the time transfer link established by the Global Positioning System observation station using a caesium clock, rubidium clock, and hydrogen clock. The clock difference sequence of the time‐transfer link was calculated by combining the observation data and precise products. Following analysis of the examples, the following conclusions were reached. The undifferenced precise time transfer method based on information constraints can effectively be used to smooth the clock difference sequence of the receiver and the clock difference sequence of the time transfer link. To some extent, this method can also be used to reflect the performance of atomic clocks at Global Positioning System stations and is better suited for the precise time transfer of the equal‐clock long‐baseline time transfer link. Simultaneously, the frequency stability of this method is improved significantly in the short term compared to the traditional scheme without any constraints. The improvement of frequency stability is helpful to improve the accuracy of time transfer.
The Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments: CASCADE
Authors: Skretas I. M. , Karska A. , Wyrowski F. , Menten K. M. , Beuther H. , Ginsburg A. , Hernández-Gómez A. , Gieser C. , Li S. , Kim W.-J. , Semenov D. A. , Bouscasse L. , Christensen I. B. , Winters J. M. , Hacar A. 
Published: October 2023

Context.Molecular outflows are believed to be a key ingredient in the process of star formation. The molecular outflow associated with DR21 Main in Cygnus-X is one of the most extreme molecular outflows in the Milky Way in terms of mass and size. The outflow is suggested to belong to a rare class of explosive outflows formed by the disintegration of protostellar systems.Aims.We aim to explore the morphology, kinematics, and energetics of the DR21 Main outflow, and to compare those properties to confirmed explosive outflows in order to unravel the underlying driving mechanism behind DR21.Methods.We studied line and continuum emission at a wavelength of 3.6 mm with IRAM 30 m and NOEMA telescopes as part of the Cygnus Allscale Survey of Chemistry and Dynamical Environments (CASCADE) program. The spectra include (J= 1−0) transitions of HCO+, HCN, HNC, N2H+, H2CO, and CCH, which trace different temperature and density regimes of the outflowing gas at high velocity resolution (~0.8 km s−1). The map encompasses the entire DR21 Main outflow and covers all spatial scales down to a resolution of 3″ (~0.02 pc).Results.Integrated intensity maps of the HCO+emission reveal a strongly collimated bipolar outflow with significant overlap of the blueshifted and redshifted emission. The opening angles of both outflow lobes decrease with velocity, from ~80 to 20° for the velocity range from 5 to 45 km s−1relative to the source velocity. No evidence is found for the presence of elongated, “filament-like” structures expected in explosive outflows. N2H+emission near the western outflow lobe reveals the presence of a dense molecular structure, which appears to be interacting with the DR21 Main outflow.Conclusions.The overall morphology as well as the detailed kinematics of the DR21 Main outflow are more consistent with a typical bipolar outflow than with an explosive counterpart.
Gaia data processing
Authors: Harrison D. L. , van Leeuwen F. , Osborne P. J. , Burgess P. W. , De Angeli F. , Evans D. W. 
Published: October 2023

Aims. Our goal is to describe two potential options for the Source Environment Analysis pipeline (SEAPipe) for the Gaia mission. This pipeline will enable the discovery of sources that are new to Gaia, in the sense that they were not found by the on-board detection algorithm. These additional sources (secondaries) are discoverable in the vicinity of those Gaia sources (primaries) that were found by the on-board detection.
Methods. The main algorithmic steps required are described: the two dimensional image reconstruction of one dimensional transit data; the analysis of these images to find the additional sources present, and the determination of the mean positions; proper motions, parallaxes, and brightness of these sources. Additionally, the Monte Carlo simulations used to characterise the performance of the pipelines are described.
Results. The performance of the two options for SEAPipe, the vanilla and image-subtraction versions, are compared. Their selection functions were computed in terms of the magnitude of the secondary sources and their angular separations from their corresponding primary source. The completeness and purity of the resultant catalogue of secondary sources as found by each of the pipelines, given the expected magnitude distribution of the primary sources and the magnitude and angular separation distributions of the secondary sources, is also presented. The image-subtraction pipeline is shown to outperform the vanilla pipeline.
An Update Of The Allen & Coggan Equation To Predict 60-Min
Power Output In Cyclists Of Different Performance Levels
Authors: Sitko Sebastian , Cirer-Sastre Rafel , López-Laval Isaac 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Allen & Coggan protocol suggests that 95% of the power output
during a 20-min time trial is a valid surrogate for 60-min maximal power. The
validity of this concept has not been studied previously in cyclists with
different performance levels. As a result, we classified 120 cyclists in our
study as recreationally trained, trained, well trained or professional, based on
their maximal oxygen consumption. Participants performed a functional threshold
power testing protocol based on a 20-min time trial and a 60-min time trial,
separated by a 72-hour rest. Sixty-minute maximal power was successfully modeled
with 20-min maximal power and performance group using 2/3 of the dataset
(R2=0.77, 95% CrI [0.74, 0.79]) with different
coefficients for each group: Professional:
PO60min=PO20min × 0.96; well trained:
PO60min=PO20min × 0.95; trained:
PO60min=PO20min × 0.92 and
recreationally trained: PO60min=PO20min ×
0.88. The predictions of the original equation and our model were assessed using
the remaining third of the data. The predictive performance of the updated
equation was better (original: R2=0.51, mean absolute
error=27 W, mean bias=–12 W; updated:
R2=0.54, mean absolute error=25 W, mean
bias=–7 W).
CMD und Manuelle Medizin – Neurophysiologische
Hintergründe und therapeutische Ansätze
Authors: Sammer Andreas , Sammer Felicitas , Feigl Georg , Pascher Arnulf , Dehoust Norber 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDas rein mechanistische Bild der Blockierung, welches über viele Dekaden
in unserer Vorstellung vorherrschte, wurde dank intensiver Grundlagenforschung
in den letzten Jahren zunehmend durch ein neurophysiologisches Ursachenbild
abgelöst. Daher sind Ausdrücke wie „ausgerenkter oder
herausgesprungener Wirbel“, „eingezwickter Nerv“,
„Blockaden““ inzwischen als obsolet anzusehen. Der
bewährte und halbwegs richtige Begriff „Blockierung“,
welcher im neurophysiologischen Kontext seinen reinen mechanistischen
Hintergrund verloren hat, kann bestehen bleiben.
Effects of a Regular Endurance Training Program on Running Economy and Biomechanics in Runners
Authors: Rodriguez-Barbero Sergio , González Ravé José María , Juárez Santos-García Daniel , Rodrigo-Carranza Victor , Santos-Concejero Jordan , González-Mohíno Fernando 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA regular endurance training program may elicit different adaptations compared to an isolated training method. In this study, we analyzed the effects of 8 weeks of a regular endurance training program on running economy (RE), particularly neuromuscular and biomechanical parameters, in runners of different athletic abilities. Twenty-four male runners were divided into two groups: well-trained (n=12) and recreational (n=12). Both groups completed a 4-min running bout at 13 and 17 km·h-1, respectively, for the recreational and well-trained group, and a 5-jump plyometric test pre-post intervention. During the training program, participants completed low-intensity continuous sessions, high-intensity interval training sessions, and auxiliary strength training sessions. RE, measured as oxygen cost and energy cost, decreased by 6.15% (p=0.006) and 5.11% (p=0.043), respectively, in the well-trained group. In the recreational group, energy cost of running, respiratory exchange ratio, and leg stiffness decreased by 5.08% (p=0.035), 7.61% (p=0.003), and 10.59% (p=0.017), respectively, while ground contact time increased by 3.34% (p=0.012). The maximum height of the 5-jump plyometric test decreased by 4.55% (p=0.018) in the recreational group. We suggest that 8 weeks of regular endurance training leads to an improvement of ~5% in RE in recreational and well-trained runners with different physiological adaptations between groups and few changes in biomechanical and neuromuscular parameters only in recreational runners.
Vergleich prä- und postoperativer motorisch-propriozeptiver Fähigkeiten von Patienten mit Gonarthrose
Authors: Schröter Viktoria , Könczöl Clemens , Anders Jens O. 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungEine hohe Zufriedenheit und bestmögliche funktionelle Ergebnisse in kurzer Zeit nach einer Knie-TEP-Operation wollen sowohl Operateure als auch Patienten erreichen. Über ein Tool, das
mobil und mit geringem zeitlichem Aufwand prä- und postoperativ verschiedene Messparameter der Balance und motorischer Fähigkeiten digital aufzeichnet, sind Verlaufsergebnisse dokumentierbar.
Es können so patientenindividuelle Faktoren bestimmt und perspektivisch ein darauf abgestimmter perioperativer Regenerations- und Trainingsprogress entworfen werden.In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 100 Patienten prä- und 66 Patienten postoperativ nach Implantation einer zementierten Knie-TEP auf folgende Parameter hin untersucht: Balance,
Maximalkraft und Leistung. Alle Messungen wurden mit der KMP Messplattform der Firma MotoSana durchgeführt. Die Zweitmessungen erfolgten jeweils nach einer standardisierten
Anschlussheilbehandlung (AHB).Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen personenbezogenen Faktoren wie Alter, Größe, Körpergewicht, präoperativen Werten und den postoperativen Parametern
Maximalkraft und Leistung bestehen. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass postoperativ bei der Balanceunterstützung größtenteils eine Besserung erzielt werden konnte. Alle Patienten, die sich beim
Einbeinstand über die vorgegebene Zeit von 15 s mit einer Hand oder beiden Händen festhalten mussten, brauchten nach der Operation diese Unterstützung nicht mehr. Zur genaueren Analyse der
Balanceparameter wurden die Stichproben bereinigt und nur mit den Patienten gerechnet, die sich prä- und postoperativ nicht zur Unterstützung festhielten. Bei Patienten mit niedrigen und
mittleren Ausgangswerten vergrößert sich die Schwankungsfläche postoperativ, bei Patienten mit großen Schwankungsflächen sanken diese ab, der Stand wurde stabiler. Im Bereich Maximalkraft und
Leistung hatten Patienten mit hohen Ausgangwerten nach der AHB im Vergleich mit den anderen Patienten immer noch höhere, im Vergleich zu ihren eigenen Vorwerten jedoch geringere Werte.Patienten mit sehr guten präoperativen motorischen Fähigkeiten konnten im Vergleich zur schwächeren Gruppe einen größeren Zuwachs an motorischen Fähigkeiten erzielen. Alle Patienten
erreichten aber nach Abschluss der AHB noch nicht ihre präoperativen Ausgangswerte. In allen Gruppen waren weiterhin Defizite im Bereich Balance nachweisbar. Mittels der verwendeten
Kraftmessplatte sind messtechnisch abgestimmte Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen vor, während und nach Abschluss der AHB möglich. Eine Rehabilitation mit individualisierter Verbesserung von Balance und
Motorik könnte perspektivisch auch der Unzufriedenheit nach Knieendoprothese z. B. durch muskuläre Dysbalance bei femoropatellaren Schmerzsyndromen vorbeugen.
Multiparametric Oncologic Hybrid Imaging: Machine Learning Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Hepp Tobias , Seith Ferdinand 
Published: October 2023

Background Machine learning (ML) is considered an important technology for future data analysis in health care.
Methods The inherently technology-driven fields of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine will both benefit from ML in terms of image acquisition and reconstruction. Within the next few years, this will lead to accelerated image acquisition, improved image quality, a reduction of motion artifacts and – for PET imaging – reduced radiation exposure and new approaches for attenuation correction. Furthermore, ML has the potential to support decision making by a combined analysis of data derived from different modalities, especially in oncology. In this context, we see great potential for ML in multiparametric hybrid imaging and the development of imaging biomarkers.
Results and Conclusion In this review, we will describe the basics of ML, present approaches in hybrid imaging of MRI, CT, and PET, and discuss the specific challenges associated with it and the steps ahead to make ML a diagnostic and clinical tool in the future.
Key Points: