bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
City-scale monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes by digital PCR and metagenomics
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Manuel , Maestre-Carballa Lucia , Navarro-López Vicente 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background. Anthropogenic activities significantly contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing a substantial threat to humankind. The development of methods that allow robust ARG surveillance is a long-standing challenge. Here, we use city-scale monitoring of ARGs by using two of the most promising cutting-edge technologies, digital PCR (dPCR) and metagenomics.
Methods. ARG hot-spots were sampled from the water and wastewater distribution systems. Metagenomics was used to provide a broad view of ARG relative abundance and richness in the prokaryotic and viral fractions. From the city-core ARGs in all samples, the worldwide dispersed sul2 and tetW conferring resistance to sulfonamide and tetracycline, respectively, were monitored by digital PCR and metagenomics. To complement, the potential ARG dispersion through airborne aerosols was addressed.
Results. The largest relative overall ARG abundance and richness were detected in the hospital wastewater and the WWTP input (up to »6,000 ARGs/Gb metagenome) with a large fraction of unclassified resistant bacteria. ARG abundance in DNA and RNA viruses was up to three order of magnitude lower compared to prokaryotes. By metagenomics and dPCR, a similar abundance tendency of sul2 and tetW was obtained, with higher abundances in hospital wastewater and WWTP input (»125-225 ARGs/Gb metagenome). dPCR absolute abundances were between 6,000-18,600 copies per ng of sewage DNA (»105-7 copies/mL) and 6.8 copies/mL in seawater near the WWTP discharging point. dPCR data suggest that despite a large amount of gene copies are discharged to nature, marine autochthonous bacteria do not seem to significantly acquire these ARGs. Airborne particle metagenomics showed a broad range of ARGs potentially disseminated with higher abundances at the WWTP (outdoor; 32 ARG hits per Gb and m3) followed by the indoor hospital sample.
Conclusions. dPCR was more sensitive and accurate, while metagenomics provided broader coverage of ARG detection. While desirable, a reliable correlation of dPCR absolute abundance units into metagenomic relative abundance units was not obtained here (r2<0.4) suggesting methodological factors that introduce variability. Evolutionary pressure does not significantly select the targeted ARGs in natural aquatic environments. Finally, non-ventilated and populated environments could represent a human thread in ARG spreading that should be considered within the One-Health perspective.
Clinical efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) combined with assembled components replacement in the treatment of acute prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after initial total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pan Xi’an , Sun Farui , Liu Bingxia , Li Jun , Zhang Yuanjin , Zhang Guofu , Zhou Dingkang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) combined with the assembled components replacement in the treatment of acute prosthetic joint infection (PJI).
Methods: Twenty-two patients with acute PJI after undergoing initial total hip arthroplasty at the Department of Orthopedics between Jul 2018 and Feb 2022 were enrolled, and treated using DAIR combined with the replacement of assembled components. Infections were assessed based on measurement of white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at the latest follow-up and before surgery. The performance of hip joint function was evaluated using Harris hip score (HHS), pain relief with visual analog scale (VAS) score, and pre/postoperative conditions analyzed using paired sample t-test.
Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the follow-up analysis. Among them, 20 patients who received treatment with this method achieved successful cure of PJI. The levels of WBC, ESR, and CRP were lower in the last follow-up than those before surgery (WBC: 5.02 ± 0.85 vs. 10.60 ± 1.02, P < 0.05; ESR: 19.10 ± 9.94 vs. 64.90 ± 18.79, P < 0.05; CRP: 5.71 ± 1.65 vs. 55.52 ± 17.80, P < 0.05). HHS scores were higher in the last follow-up relative to before surgery (77.67 ± 7.67 vs. 41.35 ± 7.70, P < 0.05) and VAS scores were lower in the last follow-up than those before surgery (1.57 ± 0.68 vs. 5.86 ± 1.06, P < 0.05).
Conclusions: DAIR combined with the replacement of assembled components can effectively control acute PJI.
Fused Lasso Nearly-Isotonic Signal Approximation in General Dimensions
Authors: Pastukhov Vladimir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this paper we introduce and study fused lasso nearly-isotonic signal approximation, which is a combination of fused lasso and generalized nearly-isotonic regression. We show how these three estimators relate to each other and derive solution to a general problem. Our estimator is computationally feasible and provides a trade-off between monotonicity, block sparsity and goodness-of-fit. Next, we prove that fusion and near-isotonisation in one dimensional case can be applied interchangably, and this step-wise procedure gives the solution to the original optimization problem. This property of the estimator is very important, because it provides a direct way to construct path solution when one of the penalization parameters is fixed. Also, we derive unbiased estimator of degrees of freedom of the estimator.
Nonlinear coexistence phenomenons and FPGA implementation with the hybrid of memristive-memcapacitive hyperchaotic system
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Shuling , Moshayedi Ata Jahangir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

A hybrid circuit based on the magnetic-controlled memristor and charge-controlled memcapacitor is proposed in this paper. The circuit has hyperchaotic behavior in a large scale parameter range. By studying the influence of system parameters and initial conditions on the hybrid circuit, a variety of complex dynamic behaviors can be found: chaos turns into period, spike bursting, chaos turns into spike bursting and so on. Interestingly, different basins of attraction show different shapes. Selecting different basins of attraction positions, the direction of the chaotic attractor changes, but the shape does not change, thus forming a symmetrical coexistence attractor. The coexistence bifurcation diagram and coexistence time-domain waveform diagram under different initial conditions are studied, in the case of positive and negative changes in the initial value v0, the chaotic characteristics of the two cases are consistent. Meanwhile, a series of spectral entropy complexity distributions are analyzed, and find that special shapes are consistent with the attractive basins. Finally, on the platform of Cyclone IV E series, the FPGA main chip of EP4CE115F29C7 is used to complete the hardware implementation of the hybrid memristive-memcapacitive hyperchaotic circuit.
Could “Sub-RPE Illumination” be a prognostic marker for dry AMD?
Authors: Yozgat Zübeyir , Işık Mehmed Uğur , İlgüy Serdar , Ece Berire Şeyma Durmuş , Sabaner Mehmet Cem 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the natural history of dry aged related macular degeneration (AMD) with advanced retina pigment epithelium (RPE) analysis and sub-RPE illumination (SRI) data and to determine its relationship with progression.
Methods
Fifty-four eyes of 54 patients with dry AMD who presented with visual symptoms were included in this longitudinal study. SD-OCT scanning was used to evaluate central macular thickness (CMT), average central retinal thickness (CRT), foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity. Advanced RPE analysis software was used for area and volume data at 3mm and 5mm, and SRI assessment at 5mm circles.
Results
This study consisted of 54 patients (29 female) aged 74.72 ± 8.38 years. Area in 3 mm and 5 mm circles (mm²), volume in 3 mm and 5 mm circles (mm³) were found increased at final visit (all, p < 0.001). In SRI data, area in 5 mm circle (mm²) was found to be higher at the final visit (p < 0.001). CMT, CRT, and ONL thickness data were found decreased at final visit (p = 0.014, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Baseline and final LogMAR were found decreases inversely as the distance of SRI to the fovea increases (p: 0.03, r = -0.347 and p: 0.04, r= -0.382, respectively). Baseline SRI was higher in patients with disintegrity of EZ at the onset [0.8 (0.1–1.19) vs 0.0 (0–0.1), p: 0.002]. In addition, those with initial disintegrity of EZ had higher final SRI than those without [1.1 (0.3–2.1) vs 0.1 (0.1–0.2), p : 0.038]. There was a significant positive correlation between initial SRI area and final LogMAR (p < 0.001, r = 0.645).
Conclusion
Initial SRI area could predict the risk of vision loss at the end of the 12-month follow-up, and SRI could be considered as a predictor for dry AMD progression.
Sensor placement in water distribution networks using centrality-guided multi-objective optimisation
Authors: Diao Kegong , Emmerich Michael , Lan Jacob , Yevseyeva Iryna , Sitzenfrei Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This paper introduces a multi-objective optimisation approach for the challenging problem of efficient sensor placement in water distribution networks for contamination detection. An important question is how to identify the minimal number of required sensors without losing the capacity to monitor the system as a whole. In this study, we adapted the NSGA-II multi-objective optimisation method by applying centrality mutation. The approach, with two objectives, namely the minimisation of Expected Time of Detection and maximisation of Detection Network Coverage (which computes the number of detected water contamination events), is tested on a moderate-sized benchmark problem (129 nodes). The resulting Pareto front shows that detection network coverage can improve dramatically by deploying only a few sensors (e.g. increase from one sensor to three sensors). However, after reaching a certain number of sensors (e.g. 20 sensors), the effectiveness of further increasing the number of sensors is not apparent. Further, the results confirm that 40–45 sensors (i.e. 31 − 35% of the total number of nodes) will be sufficient for fully monitoring the benchmark network, i.e. for detection of any contaminant intrusion event no matter where it appears in the network.
Water quality simulation using the WASP model for eutrophication control in a South Indian Reservoir
Authors: K. C. Deepa Varsa , Abdul Rahiman Abdul Wahid , E. Arunbabu , J. Antony Kishoare , N. Priyadharshini 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The study focused on analysing the eutrophication indicators of the Krishnagiri Reservoir Project (KRP) using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). The reservoir was divided into six segments to simulate the indicators, and field measurements from 2015 to 2018 were used to calibrate the model while 2019 to 2022 were used to validate it. The results showed that the model predictions were in good agreement with the measured values, indicating the reliability of the model. The study assessed the impact of nutrient loads on dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll-a. Four nutrient loading scenarios were simulated, and the most effective scenario (Scenario 4) involved a 75% reduction in nutrient load, which increased the reaeration rate by 1.47% and decreased chlorophyll-a concentrations by 88%. The study concluded that maintaining nitrates below 2.5 mg/L and phosphates below 0.75 mg/L could help restore the KRP reservoir's trophic status from hypereutrophic to mesotrophic. Overall, the study demonstrated the use of the WASP model in developing nutrient loading scenarios to manage reservoir water quality effectively. The findings could help policymakers and managers make informed decisions about reducing nutrient loads and restoring the trophic status of eutrophicated reservoirs.
Increased bio-toxicity of leachates from polyvinyl chloride microplastics during the photo-aging process in the presence of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Chen Lei , Qi Hangyu , Yu Ke , Gao Buhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The pollution caused by microplastics (MPs) has gained global attention due to their potential risks to organisms and human health. The process of photo-aging, which plays a crucial role in the transformation of MPs in aquatic environments, has the potential to influence the ecological risk posed by these particles. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a prevalent photosensitizer in surface waters that has been shown to facilitate the transformation of various organic compounds by generating reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. The present study investigated the influence of humic acid (HA), a typical component of DOM, on the photo-aging process of polyvinyl chloride MPs (PVC-MPs), using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as assessing the resulting ecological risk through bioassays. The results revealed that the presence of HA enhanced the photo-aging of PVC-MP. Moreover, the leachate exhibited higher acute and genetic toxicity under light irradiation when compared to dark conditions. Notably, the presence of HA significantly increased the toxicity of the leachate, emphasizing the need to consider the impact of DOM when assessing the ecological risk of MPs in surface waters. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with microplastic pollution in natural environments.
A Concise Review on Analytical Methods for Determination of Nilotinib
Authors: Khivansara Ritika , Jadhav Sandhya , Borkar Maheshkumar , Sherje Atul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Nilotinib hydrochloride is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor licensed to treat chronic myelogenous
leukemia in patients with the Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph+). Researchers at Novartis
Pharmaceuticals discovered novel inhibitors that are effective against imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL
mutations. As a consequence, Nilotinib was discovered. Several analytical approaches were employed
to address the quantitative as well as qualitative assessment of Nilotinib from diverse biological
and pharmaceutical matrices during the development of Nilotinib. The literature search was conducted
by evaluating publications reporting on nilotinib analytical methodologies from 2006 to 2022.
This review briefly summarizes the drug profile, viz. stereochemistry, mechanism of action,
resistance, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side effects, and several analytical techniques used
to assess Nilotinib in dosage form, bulk, and biological fluids. The determination of Nilotinib using
analytical methods is important for therapeutic drug monitoring, optimizing dosage, ensuring safety
and efficacy, and conducting comparative studies. A variety of techniques are gathered and examined,
including spectroscopy, electrophoresis, voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning
calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, chromatography, and hybrid techniques. They are also useful for
studying the pharmacokinetics of the drug. These methods play a crucial role in the effective and
personalized treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and other conditions where
Nilotinib is used.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Telomere Length in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Sánchez-González Juan Luis , Sánchez-Rodríguez Juan Luis , Varela-Rodríguez Sergio , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Rivera-Picón Cristina , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Tejada-Garrido Clara Isabel , Martín-Vallejo Javier , Navarro-López Víctor 
Published: October 2023

Background
Physical exercise is one of the main nonpharmacological treatments for most pathologies. In addition, physical exercise is beneficial in the prevention of various diseases. The impact of physical exercise has been widely studied; however, existing meta-analyses have included diverse and heterogeneous samples. Therefore, to our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of different physical exercise modalities on telomere length in healthy populations.

Objective
In this review, we aimed to determine the effect of physical exercise on telomere length in a healthy population through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods
A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of the published literature on the impact of physical exercise on telomere length in a healthy population was performed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions and the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Finally, the certainty of our findings (closeness of the estimated effect to the true effect) was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE).

Results
We included 9 trials that met the inclusion criteria with fair methodological quality. Random-effects model analysis was used to quantify the difference in telomere length between the exercise and sham groups. Meta-analysis showed that exercise did not significantly increase telomere length compared with the control intervention (mean difference=0.0058, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.06; P=.83). Subgroup analysis suggested that high-intensity interventional exercise significantly increased telomere length compared with the control intervention in healthy individuals (mean difference=0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.26; P=.01). Furthermore, 56% of the studies had a high risk of bias. Certainty was graded from low to very low for most of the outcomes.

Conclusions
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that high-intensity interval training seems to have a positive effect on telomere length compared with other types of exercise such as resistance training or aerobic exercise in a healthy population.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022364518; http://tinyurl.com/4fwb85ff
The Multidomain Metaverse Cancer Care Digital Platform: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Kim Sunghak , Jung Timothy , Sohn Dae Kyung , Chae Yoon , Kim Young Ae , Kang Seung Hyun , Park Yujin , Chang Yoon Jung 
Published: October 2023

Background
As cancer treatment methods have diversified and the importance of self-management, which lowers the dependence rate on direct hospital visits, has increased, effective cancer care education and management for health professionals and patients have become necessary. The metaverse is in the spotlight as a means of digital health that allows users to engage in cancer care education and management beyond physical constraints. However, it is difficult to find a multipurpose medical metaverse that can not only be used in the field but also complements current cancer care.

Objective
This study aimed to develop an integrated metaverse cancer care platform, Dr. Meta, and examine its usability.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey between November and December 2021. A descriptive analysis was performed to examine users’ experiences with Dr. Meta. In addition, a supplementary open-ended question was used to ask users for their suggestions and improvements regarding the platform.

Results
Responses from 70 Korean participants (male: n=19, 27% and female: n=51, 73%) were analyzed. More than half (n=37, 54%) of the participants were satisfied with Dr. Meta; they responded that it was an interesting and immersive platform (n=50, 72%). Less than half perceived no discomfort when using Dr. Meta (n=34, 49%) and no difficulty in wearing and operating the device (n=30, 43%). Furthermore, more than half (n=50, 72%) of the participants reported that Dr. Meta would help provide non–face-to-face and noncontact services. More than half also wanted to continue using this platform in the future (n=41, 59%) and recommended it to others (n=42, 60%).

Conclusions
We developed a multidomain metaverse cancer care platform that can support both health professionals and patients in non–face-to-face cancer care. The platform was uniquely disseminated and implemented in multiple regional hospitals and showed the potential to perform successful cancer care.
Economic Evaluations and Equity in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Imaging Exams for Medical Diagnosis in People With Skin, Neurological, and Pulmonary Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Santana Giulia Osório , Couto Rodrigo de Macedo , Loureiro Rafael Maffei , Furriel Brunna Carolinne Rocha Silva , Rother Edna Terezinha , de Paiva Joselisa Péres Queiroz , Correia Lucas Reis 
Published: October 2023

Background
Traditional health care systems face long-standing challenges, including patient diversity, geographical disparities, and financial constraints. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care offers solutions to these challenges. AI, a multidisciplinary field, enhances clinical decision-making. However, imbalanced AI models may enhance health disparities.

Objective
This systematic review aims to investigate the economic performance and equity impact of AI in diagnostic imaging for skin, neurological, and pulmonary diseases. The research question is “To what extent does the use of AI in imaging exams for diagnosing skin, neurological, and pulmonary diseases result in improved economic outcomes, and does it promote equity in health care systems?”

Methods
The study is a systematic review of economic and equity evaluations following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) guidelines. Eligibility criteria include articles reporting on economic evaluations or equity considerations related to AI-based diagnostic imaging for specified diseases. Data will be collected from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists. Data quality and transferability will be assessed according to CHEC (Consensus on Health Economic Criteria), EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project), and Welte checklists.

Results
This systematic review began in March 2023. The literature search identified 9,526 publications and, after full-text screening, 9 publications were included in the study. We plan to submit a manuscript to a peer-reviewed journal once it is finalized, with an expected completion date in January 2024.

Conclusions
AI in diagnostic imaging offers potential benefits but also raises concerns about equity and economic impact. Bias in algorithms and disparities in access may hinder equitable outcomes. Evaluating the economic viability of AI applications is essential for resource allocation and affordability. Policy makers and health care stakeholders can benefit from this review’s insights to make informed decisions. Limitations, including study variability and publication bias, will be considered in the analysis. This systematic review will provide valuable insights into the economic and equity implications of AI in diagnostic imaging. It aims to inform evidence-based decision-making and contribute to more efficient and equitable health care systems.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/48544