bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban metabolic flow in China’s megacities doubled by material stock accumulation since the 21st century
Authors: Fu Chenling , Deng Tianjie , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBuildings, infrastructure, and durable goods play a critical role in urbanization, akin to bones and muscles that structure the human body. These stocks contribute to the exploitation of over half of the world’s resources and offer potential “urban mining” sources. However, the process of resource transformation regarding urban material stock growth and material flow alteration remains unclear. The metaphor of urban metabolism provides a new perspective to dissect this process, but current studies often spotlight only specific fragments, such as certain end-use types or materials. This study bridges this gap by establishing a comprehensive level-to-level analysis of urban “bone-muscle” metabolism in China’s megacities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of urban metabolism in China’s megacities, tracking the lifecycle of material stock across over a hundred distinct end-use types and 12 categories of materials. Results indicate that annual metabolic flow in these cities has doubled since the early 21st century, reaching 264–737 Mt in 2018, with manufacturing, construction, and transportation as primary drivers. As accumulation intensifies, the material stock’s growth rate diminishes logarithmically, hinting at increased efficiency and a move towards a steady state. Concurrently, scrap flow is on the rise. Driven by population growth, per capita scrap is projected to reach 2.0–4.7 t/cap by 2035, and material stock is expected to rise 1.4–2 fold. Proactive population planning and coordinated development strategies can mitigate the risks associated with this growth and maintain urban system stability.
A systematic scoping review evaluating sugar-sweetened beverage taxation from a systems perspective
Authors: Alvarado Miriam , Adams Jean , Penney Tarra , Murphy Madhuvanti M. , Abdool Karim Safura , Egan Nat , Rogers Nina Trivedy , Carters-White Lauren , White Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSystems thinking can reveal surprising, counterintuitive or unintended reactions to population health interventions (PHIs), yet this lens has rarely been applied to sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation. Using a systematic scoping review approach, we identified 329 papers concerning SSB taxation, of which 45 considered influences and impacts of SSB taxation jointly, involving methodological approaches that may prove promising for operationalizing a systems informed approach to PHI evaluation. Influences and impacts concerning SSB taxation may be cyclically linked, and studies that consider both enable us to identify implications beyond a predicted linear effect. Only three studies explicitly used systems thinking informed methods. Finally, we developed an illustrative, feedback-oriented conceptual framework, emphasizing the processes that could result in an SSB tax being increased, maintained, eroded or repealed over time. Such a framework could be used to synthesize evidence from non-systems informed evaluations, leading to novel research questions and further policy development.
Neutralizing antibodies from prior exposure to dengue virus negatively correlate with viremia on re-infection
Authors: Anantharaj Anbalagan , Agrawal Tanvi , Shashi Pooja Kumari , Tripathi Alok , Kumar Parveen , Khan Imran , Pareek Madhu , Singh Balwant , Pattabiraman Chitra , Kumar Saurabh , Pandey Rajesh , Chandele Anmol , Lodha Rakesh , Whitehead Stephen S. , Medigeshi Guruprasad R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
India is hyperendemic to dengue and over 50% of adults are seropositive. There is limited information on the association between neutralizing antibody profiles from prior exposure and viral RNA levels during subsequent infection.

Methods
Samples collected from patients with febrile illness was used to assess seropositivity by indirect ELISA. Dengue virus (DENV) RNA copy numbers were estimated by quantitative RT-PCR and serotype of the infecting DENV was determined by nested PCR. Focus reduction neutralizing antibody titer (FRNT) assay was established using Indian isolates to measure the levels of neutralizing antibodies and also to assess the cross-reactivity to related flaviviruses namely Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV).

Results
In this cross-sectional study, we show that dengue seropositivity increased from 52% in the 0–15 years group to 89% in >45 years group. Antibody levels negatively correlate with dengue RNAemia on the day of sample collection and higher RNAemia is observed in primary dengue as compared to secondary dengue. The geometric mean FRNT50 titers for DENV-2 is significantly higher as compared to the other three DENV serotypes. We observe cross-reactivity with ZIKV and significantly lower or no neutralizing antibodies against JEV and WNV. The FRNT50 values for international isolates of DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4 is significantly lower as compared to Indian isolates.

Conclusions
Majority of the adult population in India have neutralizing antibodies to all the four DENV serotypes which correlates with reduced RNAemia during subsequent infection suggesting that antibodies can be considered as a good correlate of protection.
Transporter modulation of molnupiravir and its metabolite β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine across the blood-brain barrier in a rat
Authors: Chang Chun-Hao , Peng Wen-Ya , Lee Wan-Hsin , Yang Ling , Lin Tung-Yi , Yang Muh-Hwa , Tsai Tung-Hu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The antiviral drug molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the nucleoside analog β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), which is used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is very little information on the barrier distribution of molnupiravir. Our hypothesis is that molnupiravir and NHC can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) into brain tissue and that nucleoside transporters (equilibrative nucleoside transporters; ENT and concentrative nucleoside transporters; CNT) can modulate this process.

Methods
To investigate the mechanism of molnupiravir transport through the BBB, multiple microdialyses coupled to a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS) was developed to monitor dialysates, and nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR; an inhibitor of ENT) was administered concomitantly with molnupiravir (100 mg/kg, i.v.) in the male rat.

Results
Here, we show that molnupiravir is rapidly metabolized to NHC in the blood and crossed the BBB in 20 min. Furthermore, when NBMPR is concomitantly administered to inhibit efflux, the concentrations of molnupiravir and NHC in the brain increased significantly.

Conclusions
In summary, molnupiravir rapidly transforms into NHC and crosses the BBB and reaches the brain at approximately 0.3-0.8% of the blood‒brain ratio. The maximum concentration of NHC in the blood and brain is above the average half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the drug required to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, suggesting a therapeutic effect. The penetration of NHC is modulated by NBMPR. These findings provide constructive information on brain disorders in clinical patients with COVID-19.
Dynamic reconfiguration of three‐phase imbalanced distribution networks considering soft open points
Authors: Ji Xingquan , Zhang Xuan , Ye Pingfeng , Zhang Yumin , Li Guanglei , Gong Zheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of three‐phase imbalances are present in medium‐ and low‐voltage distribution networks. Integrating single‐phase distributed generation (DG) exacerbates network imbalances, resulting in increased power losses and potential safety hazards. To address these issues, a dynamic reconfiguration strategy (DNR) for three‐phase imbalanced distribution networks, considering soft open points (SOP), has been proposed. The objective is to alleviate the three‐phase imbalance and minimize the operational costs of the distribution network. Within the reconfiguration strategy, the constraints of DG current imbalance in practical system operations are considered. A three‐phase imbalanced DNR model that simultaneously considers the constraints of the SOP and DG current imbalances is introduced. This model aims to optimize the operation of all devices, including the SOP, to address the overall imbalance of the distribution network. This enables the authors to transform the non‐linear model into a mixed‐integer linear programming model, significantly improving the solution efficiency. To validate the proposed strategy, simulations of a modified IEEE 34‐node distribution system and an actual 78‐node distribution system were conducted. The results demonstrate that this strategy offers significant economic benefits and ensures the security of the distribution network.
Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and detection of infection acquired during pregnancy in Cotonou, Benin
Authors: Amagbégnon Richard , Dechavanne Celia , Dambrun Magalie , Yehouénou Urielle , Akondé Noé , Migot-Nabias Florence , Nounnagnon Tonouhéwa Aretas Babatoundé , Hamidović Azra , Fievet Nadine , Tonato-Bagnan Angéline , Ogouyemi-Hounto Aurore , Alao Maroufou Jules , Dardé Marie-Laure , Mercier Aurélien , Kindé-Gazard Dorothée 
Published: October 2023

Assessing the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and the associated risk factors is the first step in defining policy for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis in a given population. An epidemiological study was conducted during prenatal consultations at the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin) between September 2018 and April 2021 and recruited 549 pregnant women to determine the seroprevalence and potential factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. Toxoplasma gondii IgG/IgM antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) technique, an IgG avidity test and an IgG/IgM comparative Western blot to diagnose the maternal toxoplasmosis serological status, the possibility of an infection acquired during pregnancy and congenital infection, respectively. Concomitantly, the participants answered a questionnaire investigating potential risk factors. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was estimated at 44.4% (95% CI 40.3–48.6) and the factors significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity were: age over 30 years, multigravid women and contact with cats. The possibility of an infection acquired during the periconceptional period or the first trimester of pregnancy concerned six women [1.1% (95% CI 0.5–2.0)]. However, due to the low rate of serological controls in seronegative women, a significant proportion of women first tested during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and an insufficient sample size, the incidence of primary infection during pregnancy could not be determined. No cases of congenital transmission occurred in the newborns from the suspected cases of primary infection.
E-cigarette use-associated lung injury (EVALI)
Authors: Tituana Nathaly Yessenia , Clavijo Claudia Gabriela , Espinoza Evelyn Fernanda , Tituana Viviana Alexandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of vaping has overtaken conventional cigarettes as the most frequent form of nicotine consumption among 15–24-year olds. There are currently a large number of both legitimate and illegitimate products and suppliers offering more than 8000 different flavors of vape on the market, whose additives are not tested, studied or regulated and whose safety and toxicity profile remains unknown. In vitro studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of normal human bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to vapor from electronic vape devices.Short- and medium-term studies to date indicate that vapor-induced pulmonary lesions are the most serious and commonly reported side effect; such lesions include bilateral ground glass opacities in lung bases with subpleural preservation, bilateral infiltrates, pleural effusion, pneumomediastinum and nodular opacities. Cases of EVALI have been described in patients with daily exposure, as well as in users who reported having been exposed to these substances at least once a month. The most frequently inhaled substances are THC, flavored liquids of unknown content, and nicotine.The clinical manifestations of dyspnea and cough are the most frequent respiratory symptomatology, in addition to constitutional manifestations such as fever and chills, and gastrointestinal manifestations such as vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. To these can be added the presence of tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, hypoxia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and elevated ESR.
Proteomic Characterization of Plasma in Lemierre's Syndrome
Authors: Nygren David , Torisson Gustav , Happonen Lotta , Mellhammar Lisa , Linder Adam , Elf Johan , Yan Hong , Welinder Charlotte , Holm Karin 
Published: October 2023

Background The underlying mechanisms of thrombosis in Lemierre's syndrome and other septic thrombophlebitis are incompletely understood. Therefore, in this case control study we aimed to generate hypotheses on its pathogenesis by studying the plasma proteome in patients with these conditions.
Methods All patients with Lemierre's syndrome in the Skåne Region, Sweden, were enrolled prospectively during 2017 to 2021 as cases. Age-matched patients with other severe infections were enrolled as controls. Patient plasma samples were analyzed using label-free data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins in Lemierre's syndrome versus other severe infections were highlighted. Functions of differentially expressed proteins were defined based on a literature search focused on previous associations with thrombosis.
Results Eight patients with Lemierre's syndrome and 15 with other severe infections were compared. Here, 20/449 identified proteins were differentially expressed between the groups. Of these, 14/20 had functions previously associated with thrombosis. Twelve of 14 had a suggested prothrombotic effect in Lemierre's syndrome, whereas 2/14 had a suggested antithrombotic effect.
Conclusion Proteins involved in several thrombogenic pathways were differentially expressed in Lemierre's syndrome compared to other severe infections. Among identified proteins, several were associated with endothelial damage, platelet activation, and degranulation, and warrant further targeted studies.
A Facile Synthesis of 3′-Fluoro Hexitol Adenosine and Guanosine Phosphoramidites
Authors: Prakash Thazha P. , Yu Jinghua , Vasquez Guillermo , Allerson Charels R. , Swayze Eric E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report a convenient and scalable synthetic approach for the synthesis of 3′-fluoro hexitol adenosine and guanosine nucleoside analogues and corresponding phosphoramidites in good yield. 1,5-Anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-d-glucitol was converted into 1,5-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-d-altritol in a three-step process. Glycosylation using adenosine or 2-amino-6-iodopurine yielded the corresponding nucleoside analogues in excellent yield. Based on this strategy, a highly concise and scalable synthesis of 3′-fluoro hexitol purine nucleosides (1–2 g, 18–21% overall yield) was accomplished, which will enable the use of 3′-fluoro hexitol nucleic acids for genetic medicine development and diagnostic applications.
Homeopathic Formulations of Syzygium jambolanum Alleviate Glycation-Mediated Structural and Functional Modifications of Albumin: Evaluation through Multi-Spectroscopic and Microscopic Approaches
Authors: Bangar Nilima S. , Ravindran Selvan , Shaikh Shamim A. , Shah Nilesh , Tupe Rashmi S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background The growing interest in identifying the mode of action of traditional medicines has strengthened its research. Syzygium jambolanum (Syzyg) is commonly prescribed in homeopathy and is a rich source of phytochemicals.
Objective The present study aims to shed light on the anti-glycation molecular mechanism of Syzyg mother tincture (MT), 30c, and 200c on glycated human serum albumin (HSA) by multi-spectroscopic and microscopic approaches.
Methods The phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of the Syzyg formulations were estimated by the high-performance liquid chromatography and spectroscopic technique, respectively. Glycation was initiated by incubating HSA with methylglyoxal, three Syzyg formulations, and the known inhibitor aminoguanidine in separate tubes at 37°C for 48 hours. The formation of glycation adducts was assessed by spectrofluorometer and affinity chromatography. The structural modifications were analyzed through circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, turbidity, 8-anilinonapthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Further, the formation of the aggregates was examined by thioflavin T, native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the functional modifications of glycated HSA were determined by esterase-like activity and antioxidant capacity. The binding analysis of Syzyg formulations with glycated HSA was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
Results Syzyg formulations MT, 30c, and 200c contained gallic acid and ellagic acid as major phytochemicals, with concentrations of 16.02, 0.86, and 0.52 µg/mL, and 227.35, 1.35, and 0.84 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, all three formulations had remarkable radical scavenging ability and could significantly inhibit glycation compared with aminoguanidine. Further, Syzyg formulations inhibited albumin's structural and functional modifications. SPR data showed that Syzyg formulations bind to glycated HSA with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.10 nM.
Conclusion Syzyg formulations inhibited the glycation process while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of HSA.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Uterine Fibroid: A Case Report
Authors: Afroza Tamara , Kamila Sumanta , Bera Biswajit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUterine fibroids are common findings in women and represent benign smooth muscle tumours of the uterus. These tumors are very frequently encountered in clinical practice. Homeopathy offers a more favourable response to such conditions in addition to surgical interventions. A 30-year-old female patient visited our outpatient department with complaints of dyspareunia, which is characterized by painful sexual intercourse and abdominal distension. Ultrasonography confirmed her diagnosis of uterine fibroids. Following comprehensive case assessment and repertorization, the patient was initially prescribed individualized homeopathic medicine Natrum muriaticum 200c, followed by other medications as needed. Within approximately a year of homeopathic treatment, the patient's condition began to improve. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) tool was employed to evaluate the causal relationship between homeopathic intervention and clinical outcome. A MONARCH score of +7 indicated that the clinical improvement was likely attributed to the homeopathic treatment, which aligns with ultrasonographic findings obtained before and after treatment. This case study underscores the effectiveness of tailored homeopathic treatment for uterine fibroids. However, more studies and evidence-based clinical verification are necessary to establish the efficacy of homeopathy in such cases.
CT Arterioportography for Complex Portomesenteric Venous Interventions
Authors: Hegde Kausthubh , Sutphin Patrick D. , Irani Zubin , Kalva Sanjeeva P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAuthors report the use of computed tomography arterioportography (CTAP) in the diagnosis and endovascular treatment of portomesenteric venous occlusion. Three patients (2 male and 1 female; median age: 51 years) with an extrahepatic portal or mesenteric venous occlusion and variceal bleeding were included in this institutional review boards-approved retrospective study. CTAP was performed with an angiographic catheter positioned in the proximal superior mesenteric artery, and CT was obtained during the venous phase following the intra-arterial injection of contrast material. CTAP provided excellent opacification and delineation of portomesenteric veins, including occlusion length, intravascular webs, venous collaterals, and bleeding varices. This enabled preoperative planning for complex recanalization or extra-anatomic bypass to treat extrahepatic portal and mesenteric venous obstruction. There were no complications related to CTAP.
Intraoperative Endoscopic-Guided Bowel Resection for Persistent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Caused by Angiodysplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fellows Emily , Harris Joy , Kibble Tania , McDonald Nicholas M. , Azeem Nabeel , Harmon James V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal angiodysplasia is an uncommon condition often associated with significant gastrointestinal bleeding that is resistant to medical therapy. We report the clinical outcomes of two patients who successfully underwent simultaneous intraoperative endoscopic and surgical interventions for the treatment of angiodysplasia. Intraoperative endoscopic guidance was found to be useful in managing hemorrhage caused by angiodysplasia in both patients. Additionally, we performed an analysis of cases reported in the literature. Our review focused on the anatomic location of the resected bowel and the clinical outcomes of patients (n = 21) with angiodysplasia managed with intraoperative endoscopy reported in the literature.
Differenzialdiagnostik (3)
Authors: Zalpour Christoff , von Piekartz Harry 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie neuralgische Schulteramyotrophie (NSA) ist eine akute Entzündung des Plexus brachialis, die mit plötzlichen heftigen Schmerzen und Lähmungen der Schulter- und Armmuskulatur einhergeht. Weniger stark ausgeprägt sind die sensorischen Ausfälle. Charakteristisch ist das Verteilungsmuster der Lähmungen: Die Symptome treten an mehreren Stellen, aber nicht im Verlauf eines Nervs auf, was eine Wurzelläsion ausschließt. Bevorzugt sind die Mm. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoideus und biceps brachii betroffen.
Grain refinement in solidification of undercooled Fe2B intermetallic compound alloy
Authors: Ma Changsong , Yang Lin , Li Jinfu 
Published: October 2023

Spontaneous grain refinement widely occurs in solidification of highly undercooled solid solution alloys, but the case in stoichiometric intermetallic compound alloys is seldom concerned. In this paper, Fe2B alloy was undercooled up to 336 K to investigate the solidification structure’s evolution with undercooling. It is shown that the equilibrium peritectic reaction L + FeB → Fe2B is completely suppressed and there is only an Fe2B phase to solidify at various undercoolings. As the undercooling increases, Fe2B crystals change from a faceted into non-faceted morphology, and grain refinement takes place from 48 K undercooling until a fully refined solidification structure is obtained above 92 K undercooling. When the sample solidified at a large undercooling is immediately annealed at high temperature, the grains are coarsened quickly. In combination with the electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis results, it is suggested that the solidification stress-induced recrystallization triggers the grain refinement in Fe2B alloy.