bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited congruence in phylogeographic patterns observed for riverine predacious beetles sharing distribution along the mountain rivers
Authors: Kajtoch Łukasz , Kolasa Michał , Mazur Miłosz A. , Ścibior Radosław , Zając Krzysztof , Kubisz Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRiverine predacious beetles (RPB) (Carabidae, Staphylinidae) are highly diverse and numerous elements of riverine ecosystems. Their historical and contemporary distribution and diversity are highly dependent on natural flow regimes and topography of watercourses. Despite broad knowledge of their ecology, data on population genetic diversity and connectivity are lacking. This study aimed to fill this gap in order to solve two principal hypotheses assuming (i) congruence of phylogeographic patterns observed for RPB indicating that they share a common history and the ecological adaptations to the dynamic environment, (ii) genetic structuration of populations according to river basins. The Carpathian populations of four ground beetles and three rove beetles were examined using cytochrome oxidase and arginine kinase sequencing. There are substantial differences in RPB demographic history and current genetic diversity. Star-like phylogeny of Bembidion and complex haplotype networks of Paederus/Paederidus, with some haplotypes being drainage-specific and others found in distant populations, indicate a general lack of isolation by distance. Signs of recent demographic expansion were detected for most RPB with the latest population collapse for some rove beetles. To some extent, migration of examined species has to be limited by watersheds. Observed phylogeographic patterns are essential for correctly understanding RPB meta-population functioning.
Utility of nasal swabs for assessing mucosal immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Roubidoux Ericka Kirkpatrick , Brigleb Pamela H. , Vegesana Kasi , Souquette Aisha , Whitt Kendall , Freiden Pamela ,   St. Jude Investigative Team, Allison Kim J. , Cherry Sean , Dallas Ronald H. , Gaur Aditya H. , Gowen Ashleigh , Hakim Hana , Hijano Diego R. , Russell-Bell Jamie , Tuomanen Elaine I. , Webby Richard J. , Allen E. Kaitlynn , Awad Walid , Bajracharya Resha , Brice David C. , Castellaw Ashley , Kirk Allison M. , Lin Chun-Yang , Mettelman Robert C. , Van de Velde Lee-Ann , Wilson Taylor L. , Hoffman James , Hayden Randall T. , Green Amanda , Thomas Paul G. , McGargill Maureen A. , Wolf Joshua , Schultz-Cherry Stacey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of infections worldwide since its emergence in 2019. Understanding how infection and vaccination induce mucosal immune responses and how they fluctuate over time is important, especially since they are key in preventing infection and reducing disease severity. We established a novel methodology for assessing SARS-CoV-2 cytokine and antibody responses at the nasal epithelium by using nasopharyngeal swabs collected longitudinally before and after either SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We then compared responses between mucosal and systemic compartments. We demonstrate that cytokine and antibody profiles differ between compartments. Nasal cytokines show a wound healing phenotype while plasma cytokines are consistent with pro-inflammatory pathways. We found that nasal IgA and IgG have different kinetics after infection, with IgA peaking first. Although vaccination results in low nasal IgA, IgG induction persists for up to 180 days post-vaccination. This research highlights the importance of studying mucosal responses in addition to systemic responses to respiratory infections. The methods described herein can be used to further mucosal vaccine development by giving us a better understanding of immunity at the nasal epithelium providing a simpler, alternative clinical practice to studying mucosal responses to infection.
The preparatory process of the 2023 Mw 7.8 Türkiye earthquake
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Iaccarino Antonio G. , Spallarossa Daniele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo verify the existence of a preparatory process for the 6 February 2023, Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake, southern Türkiye, we analyze the temporal evolution of seismic catalog information for ~ 7500 earthquakes with magnitudes ML ≥ 1.5, which occurred along the main segments of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) since 2014. We find the EAF fault segments showing different temporal patterns in the proportion of nonclustered seismicity, which we interpret as temporal variation of coupling. We also study the evolution of the b-value, fractal dimension and energy rate. These seismic features show for the Amanos and Pazarcık fault segments a long-term trend during the period 2020–2022 that might correspond to a quiescence phase. The latter is followed by a change in earthquakes clustering and characteristics that starts about eight months before the Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş event. Our observations confirm the existence of a long-lasting preparatory phase for the 2023, Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake and can stimulate new investigations on the East Anatolian Fault mechanic. Intercepting when a fault starts deviating from its steady behavior, might be the key for identifying the preparatory phase of large earthquakes and mitigate seismic risk.
Thermal degradation and flame spread characteristics of epoxy polymer composites incorporating mycelium
Authors: Chulikavit Nattanan , Huynh Tien , Khatibi Akbar , Das Raj , Kandare Everson 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough bioderived flame retardants are environmentally sustainable and less toxic, their impact on the thermal stability and flammability of polymers remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the influence of mycelium on the thermal stability and flame spread characteristics of epoxy through thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the UL94 flammability test, and scanning electron microscopy. We observed a decrease in the maximum mass loss rate temperature when mycelium was incorporated into epoxy, indicating an earlier onset of thermal degradation. The inclusion of mycelium increased char yields above 418 °C due to mycelium’s inherent char-forming ability. However, mycelium did not alter the thermal degradation pathway of epoxy. Furthermore, according to the UL94 test results, the incorporation of mycelium reduced the flame spread rate compared to that of neat epoxy. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction between bioderived flame retardants and polymers paving the way for the development of more sustainable fireproofing materials.
How technical change has boosted fish aggregation device productivity in the Indian Ocean tuna fishery
Authors: Tidd Alex N. , Floc’h Laurent , Imzilen Taha , Tolotti Mariana , Dagorn Laurent , Capello Manuela , Guillotreau Patrice 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExcess harvesting power can threaten the long-term sustainability of fisheries. Indicators of excess harvesting capacity must include input–output-based estimates of economic production efficiency. The increasing use of drifting Fish-Aggregating-Devices (DFADs) has boosted fishing productivity in high-seas tuna fisheries, perhaps beyond the biological capacity of the stocks, and is an object of global debate. We carried out a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) of relative changes in production efficiencies of the French purse-seine fleet targeting tropical tuna in the western Indian Ocean using two fishing strategies: (1) on floating objects (FOB) and (2) free swimming schools (FSC) using tuna catch and effort data spanning 1992–2019. We show that FOB fishing evolved dramatically through time with an estimated change of 3.6%yr−1 (8.0%yr−1 2007–2019), in contrast to 2.1%yr−1 for FSC. While the efficiency level in combining and using inputs has barely changed for FOB fishing, it means that all the growth in productivity comes from technical change for this strategy. The dynamics is different for the FSC with a mixture of innovation and higher efficiency. Immediate plans to improve input-based management in this region are needed to prevent further risks of overfishing to yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tunas.
The increase in cell death rates in caloric restricted cells of the yeast helicase mutant rrm3 is Sir complex dependent
Authors: Ivessa Andreas S. , Singh Sukhwinder 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR), which is a reduction in calorie intake without malnutrition, usually extends lifespan and improves tissue integrity. This report focuses on the relationship between nuclear genomic instability and dietary-restriction and its effect on cell survival. We demonstrate that the cell survival rates of the genomic instability yeast mutant rrm3 change under metabolic restricted conditions. Rrm3 is a DNA helicase, chromosomal replication slows (and potentially stalls) in its absence with increased rates at over 1400 natural pause sites including sites within ribosomal DNA and tRNA genes. Whereas rrm3 mutant cells have lower cell death rates compared to wild type (WT) in growth medium containing normal glucose levels (i.e., 2%), under CR growth conditions cell death rates increase in the rrm3 mutant to levels, which are higher than WT. The silent-information-regulatory (Sir) protein complex and mitochondrial oxidative stress are required for the increase in cell death rates in the rrm3 mutant when cells are transferred from growth medium containing 2% glucose to CR-medium. The Rad53 checkpoint protein is highly phosphorylated in the rrm3 mutant in response to genomic instability in growth medium containing 2% glucose. Under CR, Rad53 phosphorylation is largely reduced in the rrm3 mutant in a Sir-complex dependent manner. Since CR is an adjuvant treatment during chemotherapy, which may target genomic instability in cancer cells, our studies may gain further insight into how these therapy strategies can be improved.
Research on anti-clogging of ore conveyor belt with static image based on improved Fast-SCNN and U-Net
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Zhang Hanquan , Xiao Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an improved Fast-Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network (Fast-SCNN) and U-Net networks based on the channel attention mechanism. While ensuring the speed of network detection, the accuracy of image segmentation is also considered. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of improved Fast-SCNN based on the channel attention mechanism is greatly improved compared with the original Fast-SCNN, reaching 88.056%, and the mean intersection over union is also improved to a certain extent, reaching 81.087%, and the detection speed is better than the original Fast-SCNN network. The accuracy of improved U-Net network based on the channel attention mechanism is 0.91805, which is better than the original U-Net network. In terms of detection speed, the improved U-Net network based on channel attention mechanism has greatly improved compared with the original U-Net network, reaching 24.02 frames per second. In addition, a method of preventing clogging of ore conveyor belts based on static image detection is proposed in this paper. By judging and predicting the blockage of the ore conveyor belt. When the conveyor belt is about to be blocked or has been blocked, the fuzzy algorithm is used to control the ore conveyor belt to slow down and stop, to improve the safety and efficiency of the conveyor belt.
Viral and immunologic evaluation of smokers with severe COVID-19
Authors: Vecchio Joseph , Regan James , Jiang Yuting , Li Roy , Romain Hannah , Yousuf Fizah , Adel Thomas , Hall Kevin , DaCosta Jeffrey M. , Yu Xu , Li Jonathan Z. , Fofana Ismael Ben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSmoking negatively affects B cell function and immunoglobulin levels, but it is unclear if this immune dysfunction contributes to the risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. We evaluated binding IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies to spike and receptor binding domain antigens, and used a pseudovirus assay to quantify neutralization titers in a set of 27 patients with severe COVID-19. We found no significant differences between binding and neutralization antibody responses for people with a smoking history and people who never smoked. High plasma viral load, but not antibody titers, was linked to an increased risk of death. Humoral immune dysfunction was not a major driver of severe COVID-19 in smokers.
Misspelled logotypes: the hidden threat to brand identity
Authors: Rocabado Francisco , Perea Manuel , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrand names are valuable company assets often accompanied by a unique graphical composition (i.e., as logotypes). Recent research has demonstrated that this uniqueness makes brand names and logotypes susceptible to counterfeiting through misspelling by transposition in tasks that require participants to identify correct spellings. However, our understanding of how brand names are incidentally processed when presented as logotypes is incomplete. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a virtual reality experiment to explore the transposed-letter confusability effect on brand name recognition. Participants were immersed in a virtual reality setting and incidentally exposed to logotypes that had correctly spelled brand names or included letter transpositions. Offline analyses revealed that participants were more accurate at recognizing brand names that had been presented with correct spellings than those that had been misspelled. Furthermore, participants exhibited false memories for misspelled logotypes, recalling them as if they had been spelled correctly. Thus, our findings revealed that the incidental processing of misspelled logotypes (e.g., SASMUNG) affects the accuracy of logotype identity recognition, thereby underscoring the challenges faced by individuals when identifying brand names and the elements that make counterfeits so effective.
Pantropical Indo-Atlantic temperature gradient modulates multi-decadal AMOC variability in models and observations
Authors: Ferster Brady S. , Borchert Leonard F. , Mignot Juliette , Menary Matthew B. , Cassou Christophe , Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterconnections between ocean basins are recognized as an important driver of climate variability. Recent modeling evidence suggests that the North Atlantic climate can respond to persistent warming of the tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) relative to the rest of the tropics (rTIO). Here, we use observational data to demonstrate that multi-decadal changes in pantropical ocean temperature gradients lead to variations of an SST-based proxy of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The largest contribution to this temperature gradient-AMOC connection comes from gradients between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The rTIO index yields the strongest connection of this tropical temperature gradient to the AMOC. Focusing on the internally generated signal in three observational products reveals that an SST-based AMOC proxy index has closely followed low-frequency changes of rTIO temperature with about 26-year lag since 1870. Analyzing the pre-industrial control simulations of 44 CMIP6 climate models shows that the AMOC proxy index lags simulated mid-latitude AMOC variations by 4 ± 4 years. These model simulations reveal the mechanism connecting AMOC variations to pantropical ocean temperature gradients at a 27 ± 2 years lag, matching the observed time lag in 28 out of the 44 analyzed models. rTIO temperature changes affect the North Atlantic climate through atmospheric planetary waves, impacting temperature and salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic, which modifies deep convection and ultimately the AMOC. Through this mechanism, observed internal rTIO variations can serve as a multi-decadal precursor of AMOC changes with important implications for AMOC dynamics and predictability.
Transfer-free rapid growth of 2-inch wafer-scale patterned graphene as transparent conductive electrodes and heat spreaders for GaN LEDs
Authors: Xiong Fangzhu , Sun Jie , Tang Penghao , Guo Weiling , Dong Yibo , Du Zaifa , Feng Shiwei , Li Xuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA technique for the transfer-free growth of 2-inch wafer-scale patterned graphene directly on GaN LED epilayers is introduced. High-quality graphene as transparent electrodes and heat spreaders is synthesized directly on GaN by PECVD at only 600 °C deposition temperature and within 3 min growth time. Co acts as both the catalyst for graphene growth and the dry etching mask for GaN mesas, which greatly improves the efficiency of the semiconductor device process. Elegantly, the graphene growth is in accordance with the shape of Co, which offers a lithography-free patterning technique of the graphene. Afterward, using our penetration etching method through the PMMA and graphene layers, the Co is peacefully removed, and in-situ Ohmic contact is achieved between the graphene and p-GaN where the contact resistivity is only 0.421 Ω cm2. The graphene sheet resistance is as low as 631.2 Ω sq−1. The device is also superior to the counterpart graphene-free LED in terms of heat spreading behavior, as evidenced by the lower junction temperature and thermal resistance. Most importantly, the developed technique produces graphene with excellent performance and is intrinsically more scalable, controllable, and semiconductor industry compatible than traditionally transferred graphene.
Sub-micro- and nano-sized polyethylene terephthalate deconstruction with engineered protein nanopores
Authors: Robles-Martín Ana , Amigot-Sánchez Rafael , Fernandez-Lopez Laura , Gonzalez-Alfonso Jose L. , Roda Sergi , Alcolea-Rodriguez Víctor , Heras-Márquez Diego , Almendral David , Coscolín Cristina , Plou Francisco J. , Portela Raquel , Bañares Miguel A. , Martínez-del-Pozo Álvaro , García-Linares Sara , Ferrer Manuel , Guallar Víctor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe identification or design of biocatalysts to mitigate the accumulation of plastics, including sub-micro- and nano-sized polyethylene terephthalate (nPET), is becoming a global challenge. Here we computationally incorporated two hydrolytic active sites with geometries similar to that of Idionella sakaiensis PET hydrolase, to fragaceatoxin C (FraC), a membrane pore-forming protein. FraCm1/m2 could be assembled into octameric nanopores (7.0 nm high × 1.6–6.0 nm entry), which deconstructed (40 °C, pH 7.0) nPET from GoodFellow, commodities and plastic bottles. FraCm1 and FraCm2 degrade nPET by endo- and exo-type chain scission. While FraCm1 produces bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate as the main product, FraCm2 yields a high diversity of oligomers and terephthalic acid. Mechanistic and biochemical differences with benchmark PET hydrolases, along with pore and nPET dynamics, suggest that these pore-forming protein catalytic nanoreactors do not deconstruct macro-PET but are promising in nanotechnology for filtering, capturing and breaking down nPET, for example, in wastewater treatment plants.
Morphological and evolutionary insights into the keystone element of the human foot’s medial longitudinal arch
Authors: Sorrentino Rita , Carlson Kristian J. , Orr Caley M. , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Figus Carla , Li Shuyuan , Conconi Michele , Sancisi Nicola , Belvedere Claudio , Zhu Mingjie , Fiorenza Luca , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Jashashvili Tea , Novak Mario , Patel Biren A. , Prang Thomas C. , Williams Scott A. , Saers Jaap P. P. , Stock Jay T. , Ryan Timothy , Myerson Mark , Leardini Alberto , DeSilva Jeremy , Marchi Damiano , Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe evolution of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is one of the most impactful adaptations in the hominin foot that emerged with bipedalism. When and how it evolved in the human lineage is still unresolved. Complicating the issue, clinical definitions of flatfoot in livingHomo sapienshave not reached a consensus. Here we digitally investigate the navicular morphology ofH. sapiens(living, archaeological, and fossil), great apes, and fossil hominins and its correlation with the MLA. A distinctive navicular shape characterises livingH. sapienswith adult acquired flexible flatfoot, while the congenital flexible flatfoot exhibits a ‘normal’ navicular shape. AllH. sapiensgroups differentiate from great apes independently from variations in the MLA, likely because of bipedalism. Most australopith,H. naledi, andH. floresiensisnavicular shapes are closer to those of great apes, which is inconsistent with a human-like MLA and instead might suggest a certain degree of arboreality. Navicular shape of OH 8 and fossilH. sapiensfalls within the normal livingH. sapiensspectrum of variation of the MLA (including congenital flexible flatfoot and individuals with a well-developed MLA). At the same time,H. neanderthalensisseem to be characterised by a different expression of the MLA.
Improving Wikipedia verifiability with AI
Authors: Petroni Fabio , Broscheit Samuel , Piktus Aleksandra , Lewis Patrick , Izacard Gautier , Hosseini Lucas , Dwivedi-Yu Jane , Lomeli Maria , Schick Timo , Bevilacqua Michele , Mazaré Pierre-Emmanuel , Joulin Armand , Grave Edouard , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVerifiability is a core content policy of Wikipedia: claims need to be backed by citations. Maintaining and improving the quality of Wikipedia references is an important challenge and there is a pressing need for better tools to assist humans in this effort. We show that the process of improving references can be tackled with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) powered by an information retrieval system and a language model. This neural-network-based system, which we call SIDE, can identify Wikipedia citations that are unlikely to support their claims, and subsequently recommend better ones from the web. We train this model on existing Wikipedia references, therefore learning from the contributions and combined wisdom of thousands of Wikipedia editors. Using crowdsourcing, we observe that for the top 10% most likely citations to be tagged as unverifiable by our system, humans prefer our system’s suggested alternatives compared with the originally cited reference 70% of the time. To validate the applicability of our system, we built a demo to engage with the English-speaking Wikipedia community and find that SIDE’s first citation recommendation is preferred twice as often as the existing Wikipedia citation for the same top 10% most likely unverifiable claims according to SIDE. Our results indicate that an AI-based system could be used, in tandem with humans, to improve the verifiability of Wikipedia.