bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Genetic Architecture between Parkinson's Disease and Brain Structural Phenotypes
Authors: Ma Dong‐rui , Li Shuang‐jie , Shi Jing‐jing , Liang Yuan‐yuan , Hu Zheng‐wei , Hao Xiao‐yan , Li Meng‐jie , Guo Meng‐nan , Zuo Chun‐yan , Yu Wen‐kai , Mao Cheng‐yuan , Tang Mi‐bo , Zhang Chan , Xu Yu‐ming , Wu Jun , Sun Shi‐lei , Shi Chang‐he 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have consistently demonstrated brain structure abnormalities, indicating the presence of shared etiological and pathological processes between PD and brain structures; however, the genetic relationship remains poorly understood.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the extent of shared genetic architecture between PD and brain structural phenotypes (BSPs) and to identify shared genomic loci.MethodsWe used the summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies to conduct MiXeR and conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate analyses to investigate the shared genetic signatures between PD and BSPs. Subsequent expression quantitative trait loci mapping in the human brain and enrichment analyses were also performed.ResultsMiXeR analysis identified genetic overlap between PD and various BSPs, including total cortical surface area, average cortical thickness, and specific brain volumetric structures. Further analysis using conditional false discovery rate (FDR) identified 21 novel PD risk loci on associations with BSPs at conditional FDR < 0.01, and the conjunctional FDR analysis demonstrated that PD shared several genomic loci with certain BSPs at conjunctional FDR < 0.05. Among the shared loci, 16 credible mapped genes showed high expression in the brain tissues and were primarily associated with immune function–related biological processes.ConclusionsWe confirmed the polygenic overlap with mixed directions of allelic effects between PD and BSPs and identified multiple shared genomic loci and risk genes, which are likely related to immune‐related biological processes. These findings provide insight into the complex genetic architecture associated with PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
COVID‐19 cooling: Nanostrategies targeting cytokine storm for controlling severe and critical symptoms
Authors: Zheng Yu , Li Yuke , Li Mao , Wang Rujing , Jiang Yuhong , Zhao Mengnan , Lu Jun , Li Rui , Li Xiaofang , Shi Sanjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants continue to wreak havoc worldwide, the “Cytokine Storm” (CS, also known as the inflammatory storm) or Cytokine Release Syndrome has reemerged in the public consciousness. CS is a significant contributor to the deterioration of infected individuals. Therefore, CS control is of great significance for the treatment of critically ill patients and the reduction of mortality rates. With the occurrence of variants, concerns regarding the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs with a broad spectrum have grown. We should make an effort to modernize treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by mutations. Thus, in addition to the requirement for additional clinical data to monitor the long‐term effects of vaccines and broad‐spectrum antiviral drugs, we can use CS as an entry point and therapeutic target to alleviate the severity of the disease in patients. To effectively combat the mutation, new technologies for neutralizing or controlling CS must be developed. In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely applied in the biomedical field, opening up a plethora of opportunities for CS. Here, we put forward the view of cytokine storm as a therapeutic target can be used to treat critically ill patients by expounding the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and CS and the mechanisms associated with CS. We pay special attention to the representative strategies of nanomaterials in current neutral and CS research, as well as their potential chemical design and principles. We hope that the nanostrategies described in this review provide attractive treatment options for severe and critical COVID‐19 caused by CS.
Future projections of wet snow accretion and snowfall in Kanto Plain, Japan, using a large ensemble climate simulation
Authors: Asano Yuki , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Inatsu Masaru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSnowfall and wet snow accretion in the Kanto Plain, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, significantly impact the lives of people there. This study used a large ensemble simulation to predict future changes in the frequency of snowfall and wet snow accretion, and the accumulated snowfall and wet snow accretion during an event. We assessed wet snow accretion using a model that considers the effects of temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and humidity. The future snowfall event frequency and accumulated snowfall were predicted to decrease by 0.73 year−1 (61%) and 0.69 mm (11%), respectively, under +2‐K future climate projections from those under the present climate. 87% and 13% reduction in future snowfall events was due to increasing temperature and reduced frequency of extratropical cyclone passages, respectively. Moreover, the future frequency of wet snow accretion events and accumulated wet snow accretion are predicted to decrease by 0.84 year−1 (90%) and 0.73 kg m−1 (29%), respectively, from those in the present. 91% and 9% reduction in future wet snow accretion events was due to increasing temperature and reduced frequency of extratropical cyclone passages, respectively. Snowfall and wet snow accretion risk are predicted to decline under the +2‐K future climate projections from those under the current climate. The risk can decrease more significantly in the coastal areas than in the inland areas. We hope that the information provided in this study will help policymakers of local governments in the Kanto Plain to implement appropriate measures against future snowfall and wet snow accretion.
Non‐uniform sampling to enhance the performance of compact NMR for characterizing new psychoactive substances
Authors: Castaing‐Cordier Thomas , Crasnier Sélina , Dubois Damien , Ladroue Virginie , Buleté Audrey , Prudhomme Cédric , Charvoz Céline , Besacier Fabrice , Jacquemin Denis , Giraudeau Patrick , Farjon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient and robust analytical methods are needed to improve the identification and subsequent regulation of new psychoactive substances (NPS). NMR spectroscopy is a unique method able to determine the structure of small molecules such as NPS even in mixtures. However, high‐field NMR analysis is associated with expensive purchase and maintenance costs. For more than a decade, compact NMR spectrometers have changed this paradigm. It was recently shown that a dedicated analytical workflow combining compact NMR and databases could identify the molecular structure of NPS, in spite of the lower spectral dispersion and sensitivity of compact spectrometers. This approach relies on 1H‐13C HSQC to both recognize NPS and elucidate the structure of unknown substances. Still, its performance is limited by the need to compromise between resolution and experiment time. Here, we show that this strategy can be significantly improved by implementing non‐uniform sampling (NUS) to improve spectral resolution in the 13C dimension of HSQC at no cost in terms of experiment time. Gains in the range of 3 to 4 in resolution are achieved for pure NPS and for a mixture. Finally, 2D HSQC with NUS was applied to improve the identification of NPS with the assistance of databases. The resulting method appears as a useful tool for the characterization of NPS in mixtures, which is essential for forensic laboratories.
FAM71D is dispensable for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Mo Shaomei , Deng Keming , Cao Congcong , Gui Yaoting , Ma Qian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn mammals, the generation of sperm cells capable of fertilization is a highly complex process including spermatogenesis in the testis and maturation in the epididymis. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that FAM71D (Family with sequence similarity 71, member D), which could interact with calmodulin, was highly expressed in human and mouse testis. To investigate the physiological role of FAM71D in spermatogenesis, we next generate Fam71d loss‐of‐function mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We performed immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR to examine the protein and mRNA expression in testicular cells. We found that FAM71D was predominantly localized in the round and elongated spermatids. And FAM71D KO mice displayed normal development of germ cell and fertility. Furthermore, testicular histology and sperm concentration showed no significant difference between WT and KO mice. These data demonstrate that FAM71D is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis and male fertility.
Update on N6‐methyladenosine methylation in obesity‐related diseases
Authors: Cheng Caiqin , Yu Fan , Yuan Guoyue , Jia Jue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObesity is a chronic metabolic disease that is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis. The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly every year and is recognized as a global public health problem. In recent years, the role of epigenetics in the development of obesity and related diseases has been recognized and is currently a research hotspot. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most abundant epigenetic modification in the eukaryotic RNA, including mRNA and noncoding RNA. Several studies have shown that the m6A modifications in the target mRNA and the corresponding m6A regulators play a significant role in lipid metabolism and are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of obesity‐related diseases. In this review, the latest research findings regarding the role of m6A methylation in obesity and related metabolic diseases are summarized. The authors' aim is to highlight evidence that suggests the clinical utility of m6A modifications and the m6A regulators as novel early prediction biomarkers and precision therapeutics for obesity and obesity‐related diseases.
Robust fault estimation and proportional derivative fault tolerant control for a class of singular systems with interval time‐varying delay and disturbance
Authors: Wen Dixian , Sun Chao , Huang Shengjuan , Yi Suhuan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis paper deals with observer‐based fault estimation (FE) and proportional derivative state feedback fault tolerant control (FTC) schemes for singular systems affected by actuator fault, interval time‐varying delay and external disturbance. Firstly, the system transformation method of constructing the derivative matrix into a full‐rank matrix is adopted to transform the singular system into a normal system, which effectively eliminates the impulse characteristic of the singular system. Secondly, in the design of the dynamic observer, fault estimation utilizes the real‐time output error and its derivative simultaneously, which can achieve better estimation performance when the fault change frequently. Most importantly, the observer‐based FTC adopts a proportional derivative state feedback control, considers disturbance and interval time‐varying delay, and the introduction of state estimation derivative term can eliminate the impulse property of the closed‐loop system, which optimizes the design scheme of the fault‐tolerant controller. The obtained sufficient conditions for stability can be solved by the strict linear matrix inequality (LMI), and the superiority of the conclusions will be further verified by the simulations.
Vat photopolymerization printing of strong tear‐resistance and stretchable polyurethane elastomer for highly sensitive strain sensors
Authors: Fei Jianhua , Rong Youjie , Du Xia , Li Huijie , Zhang Xiaomin , Cui Pengdi , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, a polyurethane elastomer reinforced with SiO2 nanoparticles modified with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) methacrylate was proposed, enabling outstanding tensile, tear resistance and suitability for a variety of complex applications. The introduction of modified SiO2 nanoparticles has augmented the crosslink density among the molecular chains. The prioritized fracture of sacrificial bonds and chain entanglement can extend the local damage at the crack tip to the whole elastomer network. This effect might significantly improve the efficiency of energy dissipation, as well as prevent the crack propagation. The polyurethane elastomer, which consists of 0.5% modified nano‐SiO2, demonstrated a tear strength of 23.4 N/mm and superior mechanical stability, surpassing most commercial photocurable 3D printed polyurethane elastomers available commercially. Subsequently, polyurethane composite nano‐SiO2/LiTFSI (PSL) strain sensors with various flexible architectures were fabricated using DLP 3D printing technology by incorporating LiTFSI ionic liquid. The PSL strain sensor exhibited long‐term operational stability and high sensitivity, showing a considerable potential in the field of electronics. Overall, this study has opened up new opportunities for 3D printing of smart structured wearable devices with high performance.Highlights
We constructed a SiO2 nanoparticle which can be used as a crosslinking agent of polyurethane molecular chain.
The polyurethane elastomer doped with SiO2 nanoparticles is endowed with an excellent tear resistance.
The LiTFSI composite PPU strain sensor constructed by DLP exhibited long‐term operational stability and high sensitivity.
Identification of degradation products of brivaracetam using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry: Degradation pathway elucidation
Authors: Xu Kehui , Ning Manru , Li Wenqi , Dong Haijuan , Lu Yuting , Hang Taijun , Song Min 
Published: November 2023

RationalePyrrolidone‐based drugs find widespread use in treating conditions such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, and in various other medical applications. Brivaracetam, the latest generation of pyrrolidone drugs, has exhibited significant promise owing to chemical structure modifications. Its affinity to the SV2A receptor is double that of the previous‐generation drug, levetiracetam. Consequently, brivaracetam holds substantial potential for diverse applications. As a novel drug not yet included in the pharmacopeias of developed nations, comprehensive analysis and research are necessary to guarantee its safe utilization in clinical settings.MethodsA liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/QTOFMS) method has been developed to effectively separate, identify and characterize both the degradation products and process‐related substances of brivaracetam. Stress testing of the sample was carried out following the guidelines outlined in ICH Q1A(R2). The structures of these impurities were identified through positive electrospray ionization QTOF high‐resolution MS and NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the formation mechanism of each degradation product is thoroughly discussed.ResultsUnder the analytical conditions outlined in this paper, brivaracetam and its degradation products were effectively separated. Thirteen degradation products were detected and characterized, shedding light on their origins and degradation pathways. Among these, three degradation products align with previously reported impurities, and two unreported degradation products were synthesized and confirmed through NMR spectroscopy. The stress testing results revealed the instability of brivaracetam under acidic, alkaline, oxidative and thermal stress conditions, while it exhibited relative stability under photolytic stress conditions.ConclusionThe study developed an analytical method for brivaracetam that enabled the effective detection and separation of brivaracetam and its 13 degradation products. This method addresses a gap in both current domestic and foreign drug standards. The structures of all the major degradation products were characterized by high‐resolution LC/QTOFMS, which is essential for quality control during the drug production process, stability evaluation and the establishment of proper storage conditions.
Comparison of δ13C analyses of individual foraminifer (Orbulina universa) shells by secondary ion mass spectrometry and gas source mass spectrometry
Authors: Wycech Jody B. , Kelly Daniel Clay , Kozdon Reinhard , Ishida Akizumi , Kitajima Kouki , Spero Howard J. , Valley John W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRationaleThe use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to perform micrometer‐scale in situ carbon isotope (δ13C) analyses of shells of marine microfossils called planktic foraminifers holds promise to explore calcification and ecological processes. The potential of this technique, however, cannot be realized without comparison to traditional whole‐shell δ13C values measured by gas source mass spectrometry (GSMS).MethodsPaired SIMS and GSMS δ13C values measured from final chamber fragments of the same shell of the planktic foraminifer Orbulina universa are compared. The SIMS–GSMS δ13C differences (Δ13CSIMS‐GSMS) were determined via paired analysis of hydrogen peroxide‐cleaned fragments of modern cultured specimens and of fossil specimens from deep‐sea sediments that were either untreated, sonicated, and cleaned with hydrogen peroxide or vacuum roasted. After treatment, fragments were analyzed by a CAMECA IMS 1280 SIMS instrument and either a ThermoScientific MAT‐253 or a Fisons Optima isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GSMS).ResultsPaired analyses of cleaned fragments of cultured specimens (n = 7) yield no SIMS–GSMS δ13C difference. However, paired analyses of untreated (n = 18) and cleaned (n = 12) fragments of fossil shells yield average Δ13CSIMS‐GSMS values of 0.8‰ and 0.6‰ (±0.2‰, 2 SE), respectively, while vacuum roasting of fossil shell fragments (n = 11) removes the SIMS–GSMS δ13C difference.ConclusionsThe noted Δ13CSIMS‐GSMS values are most likely due to matrix effects causing sample–standard mismatch for SIMS analyses but may also be a combination of other factors such as SIMS measurement of chemically bound water. The volume of material analyzed via SIMS is ~105 times smaller than that analyzed by GSMS; hence, the extent to which these Δ13CSIMS‐GSMS values represent differences in analyte or instrument factors remains unclear.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Bio‐based Carbonate by the Catalytic Reaction of CO2 with Bio‐based Compounds
Authors: Wu Qi , Pudukudy Manoj , Chen Baiyu Y. , Zhi Yunfei F. , Shan Shaoyun Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExcessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions pose a serious threat to the natural environment; hence CO2 capture and utilization have been widely concerned in industrial production. At present, the high value‐added utilization of CO2 after capture has become a hot issue. Bio‐based carbonate materials with high commercial value can be generated by the reaction of CO2 and bio‐based compounds, which provides a promising, green, and sustainable material synthetic route. Bio‐based carbonate materials, which are suitable for applications in various industries, have excellent thermodynamic and mechanical properties compared with those prepared from petroleum. In this manuscript, the synthesis and utilization of bio‐based carbonates from a variety of bio‐based compounds and CO2 were briefly described, and the existing problems were put forward in the field. It provided a direction for the green utilization of CO2.
Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis in the Late‐Stage Functionalization of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Singh Praveen P. , Srivastava Vishal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVisible light photocatalysis has several applications as a method of chemical transformation, with wide‐ranging effects on the production of energy, preservation of the environment, the development of new drugs and human health. The light‐induced sensitization of cofactors for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer is a remarkable application with an influence on human health. The use of this photosensitization strategy in medicine has sparked interest in other photochemical techniques, such as photoredox catalysis, that could have an impact on biological research. The discovery of useful synthetic chemical transformations during the past ten years has made light‐mediated catalysis a highly used method for chemical synthesis. This review will highlight the recent advances of visible‐light photocatalysis through its application in anticancer activity.
Ferula haussknechtii Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase: In‐Vitro and In‐Silico Studies
Authors: Babaei Fateme , Ebadi Ahmad , Dastan Dara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a destructive neurological disease. Approved therapies that target the cholinergic system to control the symptoms have various complications. Natural compounds that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme can promote the development of new drugs. Nature‐derived compounds are more compatible with biological systems in comparison to synthetic library. Ferula haussknechtii is a native species of Iran. In study, we evaluated the effects of its essential oil and extracts on the inhibition of AChE through in vitro and in silico methods. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Extracts were prepared by maceration for 72 hours. The Ellman's test was used to measure the inhibitory effects of the samples. The interaction of the main constituents of the essential oil with AChE was investigated by Coarse Grained molecular dynamics (CG‐MD) simulation. Essential oil inhibited the AChE with IC50: 44.6 μg/ml. Among different extracts, hydroalcoholic extract with IC50: 41.4 μg/ml exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect. Based on the results of 1 μs CG‐MD simulation, the major constituents of the essential oil inhibited the AChE by binding to the PAS site. The constituents of F. haussknechtii could be considered as a rich source for discovering and designing new AChE inhibitors.
History of the Earth Sciences from the South
Authors: Hore Jarrod 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe history of the earth sciences has predominantly revolved around the accumulation of knowledge within north Atlantic institutions and networks. This chapter examines a range of recent attempts to resituate this narrative within wider frames and argues for the particular importance of southern perspectives. By exploring southern archives, materials, knowledges, and networks, it becomes evident that the development of modern thinking about the planet extends well beyond the European revelation of deep time. Incorporating these perspectives reveals the interplay between Indigenous geomythologies, imperial and colonial struggles, and concurrent investments in the earth and its pasts within a globalized world. While histories of geology and geoscience have traditionally focused on the construction of new temporalities, this chapter proposes that historians should consider spatiality alongside temporality. By embracing the spatial axis of earth science, historians can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subfield, accounting for material, political, anthropological, and potentially postcolonial dimensions. I suggest that this exploration of a place-line – how horizons of possible thought differ from place to place – within the history of the earth sciences offers promising avenues for future research.