bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV filters and high refractive index materials based on carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and CuO@ZnO core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Badry Rania , El-Nahass Mahmoud M. , Nada Nadra , Elhaes Hanan , Ibrahim Medhat A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanoparticles have substantially contributed to the field of skincare products with ultraviolet (UV) filters to preserve human skin from sun damage. Thus, the current study aims to develop new polymer nanocomposites for the efficient block of UV light that results from the stratospheric ozone layer loss. Co-precipitation method was used to successfully synthesis CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs with a well-crystalline monoclinic CuO core and wurzite ZnO shell. Using the casting method, core/shell NPs were successfully introduced to carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC). The CMC nanocomposites displayed considerably broader optical response extending from near-ultraviolet to visible light, which was likely due to heterojunction between the p-CuO core and n-ZnO shell and defects originating from the synthetic process. The transmittance of pure CMC in the UV, visible, and near IR regions is significantly reduced with the addition of 2 and 4 wt% of CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs to CMC. 99% of UV light is absorbed when 4 wt% of CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs are added. The addition of different concentrations of CMC nanocomposite to one of the sunblock in Egyptian market were studied and showing the highest Sun Protection Factor of 22. Moreover, optical dispersion parameters and refractive index were improved strongly with core/shell NPs addition.
Comprehensive analysis of necroptotic patterns and associated immune landscapes in individualized treatment of skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Yang Bo , Xie Pan , Huai Hongyu , Li Junpeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) constitutes a malignant cutaneous neoplasm characterized by an exceedingly unfavorable prognosis. Over the past years, necroptosis, a manifestation of inflammatory programmed cell demise, has gained substantial traction in its application. However, a conclusive correlation between the expression of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and SKCM patient's prognosis remains elusive. In this endeavor, we have undertaken an integrative analysis of genomic data, aiming to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the intricate interplay between melanoma necroptosis and immune-infiltration nuances within the tumor microenvironment. Through meticulous scrutiny, we have endeavored to discern the prognostic potency harbored by individual necroptosis-associated genes. Our efforts culminated in the establishment of a risk stratification framework, allowing for the appraisal of necroptosis irregularities within each afflicted cutaneous melanoma patient. Notably, those SKCM patients classified within the low-risk cohort exhibited a markedly elevated survival quotient, in stark contrast to their high-risk counterparts (p < 0.001). Remarkably, the low-risk cohort not only displayed a more favorable survival rate but also exhibited an enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapeutic interventions, relative to their high-risk counterparts. The outcomes of this investigation proffer insights into a conceivable mechanistic underpinning linking necroptosis-related attributes to the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment. This prompts a conjecture regarding the plausible association between necroptosis characteristics and the broader tumor microenvironmental milieu. However, it is imperative to emphasize that the pursuit of discerning whether the expression profiles of NRG genes can indeed be regarded as viable therapeutic targets necessitates further comprehensive exploration and scrutiny. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate interrelationship between necroptosis-related factors and the tumor microenvironment, potentially opening avenues for therapeutic interventions. However, the prospect of translating these findings into clinical applications mandates rigorous investigation.
Experimental investigation of laminar and turbulent displacement of residual oil film
Authors: Zhang Yao , Barrouillet Benjamin , Skadsem Hans Joakim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResidual oil films on pipe walls are a common occurrence in industrial processes, and their presence can significantly impact system efficiency and performance. However, the mechanisms that govern oil film removal by an immiscible displacing fluid from the internal walls of pipes under different flow regimes, including laminar and turbulent flows, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of displacing fluid flow regime, injected volume, displacement time, and wall shear stress on the efficiency of residual oil film removal in a pipe. We first verified the applicability of our developed oil film measurement method for the use in vertical pipes, and found that gravity did not significantly affect the long-term oil film removal process. We verified that our results from the laminar cases agree with the theoretical thin-film limit scaling under reasonable assumptions of constant shear stress and negligible surface tension. We then examined the displacement efficiency of residual oil film under laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Our experimental results revealed that the onset of turbulence of displacing fluid played an important role in the efficient removal of residual oil film, with an optimal range of Reynolds numbers (7000–8000) when the injected volume of displacing fluid is limited. Furthermore, we explored the combined effect of wall shear stress and displacement time on the displacement process under different turbulent flow regimes. We found that the intermediate turbulent regime was the most efficient for achieving cleaning in a limited time, while the highly turbulent regime proved to be the most effective for achieving complete cleaning over a longer time period. These findings have important implications for oil recovery and pipeline maintenance and provide valuable insights into optimizing the removal of residual oil film in pipes.
Graphene quantum dots blocking the channel egresses of cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP3A4) reveals potential toxicity
Authors: Luo Yuqi , Li Jinjun , Gu Zonglin , Huang Yaoxing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered significant attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. However, extensive research reveals a dichotomy concerning the potential toxicity of GQDs, presenting contrasting outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of GQD biosafety necessitates a detailed supplementation of their toxicity profile. In this study, employing a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, we systematically investigate the potential toxicity of GQDs on the CYP3A4 enzyme. We construct two distinct simulation systems, wherein a CYP3A4 protein is enveloped by either GQDs or GOQDs (graphene oxide quantum dots). Our results elucidate that GQDs come into direct contact with the bottleneck residues of Channels 2a and 2b of CYP3A4. Furthermore, GQDs entirely cover the exits of Channels 2a and 2b, implying a significant hindrance posed by GQDs to these channels and consequently leading to toxicity towards CYP3A4. In-depth analysis reveals that the adsorption of GQDs to the exits of Channels 2a and 2b is driven by a synergistic interplay of hydrophobic and van der Waals (vdW) interactions. In contrast, GOQDs only partially obstruct Channel 1 of CYP3A4, indicating a weaker influence on CYP3A4 compared to GQDs. Our findings underscore the potential deleterious impact of GQDs on the CYP3A4 enzyme, providing crucial molecular insights into GQD toxicology.
Electromagnetic anisotropic homogeneous model for eddy‐current field in single‐phase wound core
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Li Woyang , Xia Yingyi , Chen Jiawei , Zhang Chenqingyu , Cai Xiaohu , Guo Lei , Wang Dongyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe analysis of the eddy‐current field in the wound core widely used in the field of transformer energy conservation is taken as the theme. Adopting the homogenisation idea to consider the unique geometry of the wound core and features of its equivalent multi‐stage circular cross‐section magnetic boundary, a homogeneous model consisting of a columnar material with continuous homogeneous electromagnetic anisotropy is established by deriving the Maxwell equations of the magnetic quasi‐static field in the columnar coordinate system. Finally, a homogeneous fine element model for the eddy‐current field in the wound core is established and the accuracy of the model has been verified by the test platform. The result shows that the homogeneous model can be effectively used for the analysis of the eddy‐current field in the wound core, and the error of calculating the eddy‐current loss under different excitation conditions is less than 6% under the premise of extremely saving the engineering calculation cost, which will help improve the operational performance of the wound core and contribute to the energy‐saving goal of the high‐voltage equipment.
A comparative analysis of power pulsating buffer architectures for mitigating high‐frequency and low‐frequency ripple in PV microinverter applications
Authors: Dutta Writtik , Reece Connor , Mallik Ayan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study provides a comparative analysis of feasible architectures of Power Pulsating Buffer (PPB) as an actively controlled energy storage solution alternative to the electrolytic capacitors in a single‐stage isolated, single‐phase 120 V AC 60Hz grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) microinverter for a 400 W rated system with 20–40 V input range. The comparison encompasses key factors including energy density, volume reduction, efficiency, frequency operation, and system stability. The findings shed light on the primary advantages and disadvantages of the buck‐ and boost‐derived PPB under study. The results indicate that the boost PPB exhibits enhanced stability, a more compact design, and higher power efficiency compared to the buck PPB. However, for low switching frequency operations, the buck PPB proves to be more effective in mitigating DC port voltage ripple and ensuring controller over microinverter load variation.
Der Erfinder der „Triage“ – Dominique-Jean
Larrey (1766–1842), Napoleons oberster
Militärchirurg
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Conradt Regina 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDominique-Jean Larrey (1766–1842) war leitender Chirurg der
französischen Armee unter Kaiser Napoleon I. Er ist als Vater der
modernen Militärchirurgie sowie der Entwicklung des
„Triagesystems“ bekannt geworden. Larrey war ein hervorragender
und engagierter Arzt, der nicht nur die eigenen, sondern auch die Soldaten der
gegnerischen Truppen medizinisch versorgt hat. Beim Fehlen einer
zuverlässigen Analgesie und Anästhesie war zu damaliger Zeit die
Geschwindigkeit und das Können das hervorstechendste Merkmal eines
Chirurgen. Gegen den Widerstand der Administration hat Larrey eine
Erstversorgung auf dem Schlachtfeld sowie eine schnelle Bergung der Verwundeten
mithilfe der „fliegenden Ambulanzen“ möglich gemacht. Er
galt als großer Freund der Soldaten.
Youth Injury Knowledge and Beliefs following Neuromuscular Training
Warm-up Implementation in Schools
Authors: McKay Carly D , van den Berg Carla A , Marjoram Rebecca A , Hagel Brent E , Emery Carolyn A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeuromuscular training warm-up programs can reduce injury rates in youth sports,
but they often have poor uptake and adherence. Delivering such programs in
school physical education classes may provide greater public health benefit,
particularly if they promote improved injury knowledge and prevention beliefs
amongst students. The purpose of this secondary analysis of a large
cluster-randomized controlled trial was to understand how students’ (age
11–15 years) knowledge and beliefs change after exposure to an
evidence-informed neuromuscular training warm-up program. Six schools delivered
the program for a 12-week period in the initial study year (n=566) and
two continued to use it in a subsequent “maintenance” year
(n=255). Students completed a knowledge and beliefs questionnaire at
baseline, 6-week, and 12-week timepoints. Knowledge scores ranged from
7/10 to 8/10 at all timepoints and students generally believed
that injuries are preventable. On average, there was less than a one-point
change in knowledge between timepoints and there was no change in the median
belief scores. There were no meaningful differences between sexes, grades, or
previous injury. These findings highlight that knowledge and beliefs are
unlikely to change passively through program exposure. More active strategies
are needed to improve injury prevention perceptions in this population.
Chancen und Hürden einer medikamenten-gestützten
Behandlung Opioidabhängiger im deutschen Maßregelvollzug (MRV)
– ein erster Überblick
Authors: Szonnert Ingo , Hirsch Nils-David , Michels Ingo Ilja , Stöver Heino , Fleißner Simon , Keppler Karlheinz 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungEine Opioidabhängigkeit ist eine schwere chronisch-rezidivierende
Erkrankung, die eine lebenslange Behandlung erfordern kann. Diese
evidenz-basierte Behandlungsmethode wird nur in sehr geringem Umfang im
Maßregelvollzug angewendet.Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit den Chancen und Barrieren einer
Opioidsubstitutionstherapie im Maßregelvollzug. Durch
Expert*inneninterviews mit verantwortlichen Mediziner*innen aus
Maßregelvollzugkliniken aus zehn Bundesländern in Deutschland
und einer anschließenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz
werden Chancen und Barrieren einer Opioidsubstitutionstherapie dargestellt. Die
Ergebnisse zeigen Implementierungsprobleme und Lösungsvorschläge
in den drei Themengebieten (a) Institutionelle / Strukturelle Barrieren,
(b) Einstellungen des Fachpersonals und (c) Patient*innenbezogene
Barrieren. Zudem wird die Substitutionstherapie regional sehr unterschiedlich
bewertet.
Expansion of Genetic Alphabets: Designer Nucleobases and Their Applications
Authors: Bag S. S. , Banerjee A. , Sinha S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAll living things use DNA and RNA to store, retrieve, and transmit their genetic information. The complementary Watson–Crick nucleobase-pairs (A/T and G/C base-pairs), have been documented for years as being essential for the integrity of the DNA double helix and also for replication and transcription. With only four poorly fluorescent naturally occurring nucleic acid bases (namely A, G, T/U, and C), the extraction of genetic information is difficult. Further, the chemical diversity of DNA and RNA is severely limited. Deoxyribose/ribose-phosphate backbones also constrain DNA and RNA characteristics and have poor chemical and physiological stability, which significantly restricts the practical applications of DNA and RNA. Over the years, extensively modified nucleobase pairs with novel base-pairing properties have been synthesized. Such designer nucleobases, serving as an expanded genetic alphabet, have been used for the design and synthesis of DNA and RNA analogues with tailored informational/functional properties. Recent developments in the production of synthetic unnatural base pairs pave the way for xenobiology research and genetic alphabet expansion technology. In this review, we present a brief history of the development of several hydrogen- and non-hydrogen-bonded unnatural base pairs and their applications. We also highlight our work in designing and synthesizing a new class of triazolyl unnatural nucleosides that offer a unique charge-transfer (CT) complexation force towards stabilizing DNA-duplexes when incorporated into short oligonucleotide sequences.
Visible-Light-Mediated Selective Allylic C–H Oxygenation of Cycloalkenes
Authors: Rohlfs Tabea , Gerken Leon , Alemán José , Mancheño Olga García , Nova-Fernández Jose L. , Malagón Sara , Uygur Mustafa , Cabrera Silvia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA visible-light-mediated selective allylic C–H bond oxygenation of cyclic olefins is presented. Hence, the selective, mild monooxygenation of simple cycloalkenes has been achieved using an acridinium photoredox catalyst in combination with a phosphate base and a disulfide HAT reagent under air atmosphere at room temperature. The combination of both photocatalyst and HAT reagent, which can operate through a single or two different concurrent mechanistic pathways for the formation of the allyl radical, proved highly efficient, while the reaction with exclusively one or the other mediator performs in significantly lower yields. The formed allyl radical further reacts with a molecule of oxygen to build the corresponding peroxyradical that can abstract a hydrogen atom of another cycloalkene substrate, generating the known hydroperoxide intermediate in the formation of the ketone moiety. The advantages of this method rely on the easy use of air as oxygen source, as well as the selective monooxygenation of cycloalkenes without substitution in one of the allylic positions. Besides simple cyclic olefins, the method was also successfully applied in the oxidation of natural products such as the terpene valencene or cholesterol derivatives.
Multicaloric strategy to manipulate optimal operating temperature window: An experimental study on (Ni43Mn47Sn10)99.5Tb0.5 via a direct method
Authors: Qian Hanyang , Wei Zhiyang , Li Guowei , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2023

Multicaloric effect refers to a thermal response of materials driven by multiple external fields. In this work, we explore the possibility by adopting multicaloric strategy to improve the transformation reversibility and manipulate the optimal operating temperature window in (Ni43Mn47Sn10)99.5Tb0.5 using a bespoke multicaloric effect characterization system. It is found that the reversibility of stress induced transformation could be significantly improved with the application of an extra magnetic field. More importantly, the operating temperature window of elastocaloric effect is shifted by ∼4 K to the lower temperature by applying a magnetic field of 4 T. Our experimental results reveal that such a dual-field multicaloric strategy is feasible and promising for improving the transformation reversibility and tuning the optimal operating temperature window for alloys with a magnetostructural transformation.
Changes in morphological traits associated with waterlogging, salinity and saline waterlogging in Festuca arundinacea
Authors: Menon-Martínez Federico Emanuel , Grimoldi Agustín Alberto , Striker Gustavo Gabriel , Di Bella Carla Estefania 
Published: November 2023

Rising incidences of waterlogging and salinity, particularly in extensive livestock farming areas, pose increasing challenges to plant growth. This study investigated the morphological growth responses and tolerance of 39 Festuca arundinacea accessions to these stresses, with tolerance quantified by the relative growth rate under stress versus control conditions. Notably, more productive accessions under normal conditions also showed greater stress tolerance. Waterlogging was generally well-tolerated (89–113% of control relative growth rate), without significantly altering growth morphological components as increases in specific leaf area were offset by reductions in leaf weight ratio, maintaining stable leaf area ratios. Conversely, salinity and combined saline waterlogging significantly reduced relative growth rate (56–94% of control), with a substantial variation among accessions. A decrease in specific leaf area, suggestive of thicker leaves, correlated with higher tolerance to salinity and saline waterlogging (r = 0.63). In summary, F. arundinacea displays diverse tolerance to these stresses, warranting further study into the adaptive mechanisms. Specific leaf area emerges as a potential selection marker for breeding programs targeting saline and waterlogging tolerance.
Self-assembly of ferromagnetic particles into chains and spin under the control of traveling magnetic field
Authors: Sun Zebang , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan , Dong Liqiang , Qi Jinming , Guo Chang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the spin phenomenon of self-assembly of ferromagnetic particles to form particle chains under the action of a traveling magnetic field (TMF) is investigated, and a TMF generator is designed and fabricated to experimentally observe the self-assembly and spin phenomenon of ferromagnetic particles under the action of TMF. The TMF generator is capable of generating a TMF, which is an alternating motion magnetic field with sinusoidally varying and translating magnetic induction, under the action of which a chain of self-assembled ferromagnetic particles is subjected to an alternating magnetic force thereby generating a spin motion. By analyzing the spin mechanism of the self-assembled ferromagnetic particle chain, the relationship between the rotational velocity of the spin motion of the particle chain and the frequency of the three-phase AC power supply of the TMF generator was obtained. Adjusting the frequency of the three-phase AC power supply of the TMF generator can control the spin velocity of the particle chain. TMF generator enable ferromagnetic particles to self-assemble to form particle chains and drive the particle chains to spin controllably, which has a wide range of applications in micro-robotics, biomedicine, and microfluidics.
Two modes of motions for a single disk on the vibration stage
Authors: Guan Liyang , Tian Li , Hou Meiying , Han Yilong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The motion of a single granular particle is important for understanding their collective motions on vibration stage, but it remains poorly studied for simple shaped particles, such as a disk. Here, we systematically measure the motions of a single disk with different vibration amplitudes A at a fixed vibration frequency f or a fixed acceleration a. The distributions, time-correlations, and power spectra of displacements per step, mean squared displacements and couplings for translational and rotational motions are measured. These analyses reveal that the motions randomly switch between active and inactive modes. Both a and f are important to particle’s motions and the fraction of active mode. The translational and rotational kinetic energy deviates from Boltzmann distribution and violates the equipartition theorem in each mode. We find three types of motion: rolling, lying flat, and fluttering, which give rise to active and inactive modes. The translational and rotational mean squared displacements, autocorrelations, and power spectra at different a collapse in active modes, because the disk rolls along its rim with a fixed inclination angle though our system is under vibration and confinement. The nonzero cross-correlations between particle’s translational and rotational motions indicate that only translational motions are insufficient for understanding dense particle systems.