bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Oxidation as a Relevant Factor Determining Protein Status in Humans
Authors: reckman gerlof , priebe marion , vonk roel 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTIONDefining optimal protein intake in various metabolic conditions like the newborn, aging and during exercise is highly relevant. Recently, it has been suggested that high protein intake in newborn could lead to excessive weight gain in later life (Kirchberg et al. 2014). Limited protein oxidation could be a relevant parameter directly related to this.OBJECTIVESTo monitor protein oxidation we developed a non‐invasive 13C‐protein‐derived breath test using naturally enriched milk protein (fractions). We validated and applied this technique, in a pilot study, under various metabolic conditions in healthy adult males.METHOD/DESIGNAfter baseline sampling, 30 g of naturally labeled 13C‐milk protein were consumed. Breath samples were taken every 10 min during 5,5 h and 13CO2 was measured by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. The following variables were used to calculate the amount of substrate oxidized: administered dose, 13C enrichment of substrate, molecular weight of substrate, number of carbon atoms in a substrate molecule, estimated CO2‐production of the subject based on body surface area.RESULTSPostprandial kinetics of oxidation of whey (rapidly digestible protein) and casein (slowly digestible protein) derived from our breath test were comparable to literature data regarding the kinetics of appearance of amino acids in blood (Boirie et al. 1997). Using this test we could demonstrate that 24 ± 3% (mean ± sd) of the milk protein dose was oxidized over 5,5 h which served as our control (100%). A decrease of 31% ± 18% in milk protein oxidation was observed after a 3 day protein restricted diet (~10 g/day) compared to a normal diet and 30 minutes of cycling before protein consumption reduced protein oxidation by 39% ± 37%. A protein restricted diet plus exercise reduced oxidation by 52% ± 19%.CONCLUSIONSProtein oxidation, which can be monitored in breath, is a significant factor in protein metabolism. With our technique we are able to characterize changes in overall protein oxidation under various metabolic conditions such as diet and exercise, which could be relevant for defining optimal protein intake under these conditions and can be extended to measurements during aging and in newborn.Support or Funding InformationThe project is financially supported by Hanze Nutrition BV
Expression of MicroRNA‐148a and its Target Gene EPAS1 (Endothelial PAS domain‐containing protein 1) in Intestinal Cells in Response to Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75
Authors: Taibi Amel , Comelli Elena M , Singh Natasha , Chen Jianmin , Guglielmetti Simone 
Published: November 2023

Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 is a probiotic strain isolated from healthy human feces. We have previously shown that this strain modulates the composition of the gut microbiota, a core probiotic benefit. Though, molecular mechanisms underlying effects specific to this strain are unknown, particularly at the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional (microRNA, miRNA) level. We found that the expression of intestinal miRNA, including miR‐148a, depends on the presence of the microbiota. MiR‐148a is a proposed biomarker of intestinal health. One of its target genes, EPAS1, also called HIF2α (Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 2α) is a pro‐inflammatory and pro‐carcinogenic transcription factor.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of B. bifidum MIMBb75 on the intestinal expression of miR‐148a and EPAS1 in vitro and in vivo.The expression levels of miR‐148a and EPAS1 were assessed by qPCR using RNA extracted from Caco‐2 cells incubated with B. bifidum MIMBb75, B. bifidum NCC390 or B. longum NCC 2705 (cell ratio of 10:1) or control vehicle for 1, 4 and 24 hours at 37°C. To prove that EPAS1 gene expression changes do indeed depend on miR‐148a modulation by B. bifidum MIMBb75, miRNA silencing was performed via transfection of miR‐148a inhibitor in Caco‐2 cells for 72h, followed by incubation of transfected cells with B. bifidum MIMBb75. In addition, C57BL/6J male mice were gavaged for 2 or 14 days with 108 colony forming units of B. bifidum MIMBb75/day or vehicle alone and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Caecum was used for RNA extraction and gene expression analysis as described above.Of the three strains tested, only B. bifidum MIMBb75 showed a significant upregulation of miR‐148a after 1 and 4 hours of co‐incubation with Caco‐2 cells (P <0.01), but not at 24h. Oral administration of B. bifidum MIMBb75 increased significantly miR‐148a expression in the caecum after 2 days (P< 0.05) but not after 14 days of probiotic administration, which was accompanied by a decrease of EPAS1 expression (P<0.01) at day 2. In vitro silencing of miR‐148a using miRNA inhibitor constructs reversed EPAS1 downregulation.This study brings a new concept of strain‐ and time‐dependent bifidobacteria‐host crosstalk via microRNA. Because early exposure to B. bifidum MIMBb75 repressed the expression of EPAS1, this probiotic may be helpful in intestinal inflammatory conditions associated with EPAS1 over‐expression, such as colitis. Probiotic‐dependent regulation of host gene expression via miRNA may open the way to new therapeutic avenues.Support or Funding InformationNSERC, JP Bickell Foundation, Lawson Family Chair in Microbiome Nutrition Research
Vitamin K Consumption is Associated with Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Adolescents
Authors: Nguyen Joshua , Fain Mary Ellen , Davis Catherine L , Kapuku Gaston K , Gutin Bernard , Pollock Norman K 
Published: November 2023

Left ventricular structure and function parameters have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular disease events and mortality. New evidence has emerged suggesting that vitamin K may play a role in cardiovascular health. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between dietary vitamin K intake and markers of left ventricular structure and function in adolescents. This study determined associations of dietary vitamin K intake with markers of left ventricular structure and function in a cohort of 766 adolescents aged 14–18 years (50% female, 49% black). Diet was assessed with three‐seven 24‐hr recalls and physical activity (PA) was determined by accelerometry. Left ventricular (LV) structure and function parameters were assessed by two‐dimensionally directed M‐mode echocardiography. LV structure parameters included: LV posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWD), interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSD), LV internal dimension in diastole (LVIDD), relative wall thickness (RWT), and LV mass index. LV function parameters included: ejection fraction and midwall fractional shortening. Percentage body fat was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. When markers of left ventricular structure and function were compared across tertiles of vitamin K intake adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, percentage body fat, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary intakes of total energy, fiber, calcium, and vitamin D, there were significant linear downward trends for LVPWD, IVSD, RWT, and LV mass index (all P‐trend < 0.05). Conversely, a significant linear upward trend across tertiles of vitamin K intake was observed for midwall fractional shortening (P‐trend < 0.01). There were no differences in LVIDD or ejection fraction across tertiles of vitamin K intake (both P‐trend > 0.05). In adolescents, greater vitamin K consumption is associated with beneficial alterations in LV structure and function parameters implicated in cardiovascular disease risk.Support or Funding InformationSupported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL64157. Funded by the National Institutes of Health.
Changes in hunger and fullness in relation to gut peptides before and after 8 weeks of alternate day fasting
Authors: Varady Krista A , Hoddy Kristin K , Kroeger Cynthia M , Trepanowski John F , Bhutani Surabhi , Barnosky Adrienne 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVEAlternate day fasting (ADF; 25% energy intake “fast day”, alternated with an ad libitum intake “feed day”) is effective for weight loss. Whether or not ADF modulates hunger, fullness and gut peptides in a way that enhances dietary compliance and weight loss, remains unknown. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of ADF on postprandial appetite ratings and gut peptides.METHODSObese subjects (n = 59) participated in an 8‐week ADF protocol where food was provided on the fast day.RESULTSBody weight decreased (P < 0.0001) by 3.9 ± 0.6 kg after 8 weeks of diet. Reductions (P < 0.05) in fat mass (−2.2 ± 0.2 kg), fat free mass (−1.4 ± 0.2 kg), visceral fat mass (−0.1 ± 0.1 kg), and resting metabolic rate (RMR; −104 ± 28 kcal/day) were also observed. Fasting leptin and insulin decreased (P < 0.05), while AUC ghrelin levels increased (P < 0.05). Despite these metabolic changes, there was no increase in subjective hunger by the end of the study. Furthermore, fullness and PYY increased (P < 0.05). Fat free mass and RMR were not related to hunger or ghrelin at any time point.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that the absence of a compensatory increase in hunger in conjunction with an increase in sensations of fullness may contribute to the weight loss efficacy of an 8‐week ADF regimen.Support or Funding InformationDepartmental grant, University of Illinios at Chicago
Camel Milk and Nigella Sativa Oil Improve Liver Biomarkers among Children with Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Saleh , El‐Sayed El‐Adawi Aymen , Nassar Olfat Mahmoud 
Published: November 2023

Camel milk (CM) has antimicrobial properties, and used for treatment of liver diseases in folk medicine. This study aimed to find out the effect of camel milk alone or mixed with Nigella sativa (NS) oil on outcomes of viral hepatitis among children. Thirty eight (15 girl and 23 boy) child diagnosed with viral hepatitis (6–12 years) were selected from outpatients of Menoufia University and Monshaat Sultan hospitals, Egypt. The children divided into 4 groups; control group (PCG) (n=8) didn't receive any intervention; CM group (MPG) (n=10) received 100ml/day CM; NS oil group (OG) (n=10) received 2ml/day NS oil; and CM plus NS oil group (MOG) (n=10) received 100 ml CM plus 2 ml NS oil daily. The children were received their standard medications and regular diet without modification, and the trial continued for 5 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention for determination of IgG, IgM, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. The results showed that feeding CM alone decreased IgM by 34.5% and increased IgG by 84.3%, while mixing it with NS oil resulted in decrement of IgM by 47.1% and increment of IgG by 91.7%. Meanwhile, NS oil decreased IgM by 64.8% and increased IgG by 72.7%. The concentration of elevated liver enzymes decreased significantly by the dietary intervention, especially among group fed CM alone or mixed with NS oil. In conclusion, feeding camel milk alone or mixed with NS oil had a favorable affect on viral hepatitis markers among children with viral hepatitis.Support or Funding InformationNo fund
Three doses of vitamin D on insulin resistance and osteocalcin measures in older women
Authors: Pop L. Claudia , Schneider Stephen H. , Sukumar Deeptha , Schlussel Yvette , Shapses Sue A. 
Published: November 2023

Short‐term clinical studies suggest that vitamin D (VitD) supplementation influences osteocalcin (OC) levels during caloric restriction, and this is associated with lower insulin resistance (IR). In mice, the undercarboxylated form of OC (ucOC) acts as a circulating hormone to regulate insulin production and sensitivity. This one‐year long weight control study addresses whether vitamin D supplementation in healthy overweight/obese older women influences markers of insulin sensitivity and OC measures.DesignFifty‐eight obese/overweight women (age, 58 ± 6 years; body mass index, 30.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 27.1 ± 4.4 ng/ml, glucose, 86 ± 10.3 mg/dl, insulin, 7.2 ± 2.7 mIU/l) were randomly assigned to one of 3 doses of VitD (600 IU/d; 2000 IU/d; 4000 IU/d) with 1.2 Ca g/d. Serum was analyzed for 25OHD (total, free and bioavailable), OC, ucOC, glucose and insulin. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; glucose area under the curve, AUC) was performed at 12 month. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated.ResultsAt 1 year, serum 25OHD levels increased to 30.4 ± 5.2, 35.8 ± 4.5 and 41.5 ± 6.9 ng/ml, and differed between groups 600, 2000 and 4000 IU, respectively (p<0.05). Weight change was similar across groups (−3.0 ± 4.1%). There was an interaction between VitD group and time on glucose and QUICKI (p≤0.05). The decline in serum glucose and the increase in QUICKI was greater in the 2000 IU compared to the 600 IU group (p≤0.05) and did not differ significantly compared to the 4000 IU group. Insulin decreased to a similar extent between groups over time (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between changes in total, free or bioavailable 25OHD and glycemic markers or OC measures.ConclusionDietary vitamin D intake modestly affects glycemic markers in healthy overweight/obese older women.Support or Funding InformationNIH‐AG12161, NJAES‐0153866
Effect of 1,25(OH)2D in Regulating Glutamic‐Oxaloacetic Transaminase 1 (GOT1) and Redox Balance During Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Zhou Xuanzhu , Wilmanski Tomasz , Teegarden Dorothy 
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the US. The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), is proposed to inhibit cellular processes that may prevent breast cancer. Preliminary results by our laboratory and others have suggested possible pro‐oxidative effects of 1,25(OH)2D in breast cancer cells. Glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) is an essential transaminase in glutamine metabolism. GOT1 converts aspartate into oxaloacetate in the cytoplasm, which is then subsequently converted to malate and pyruvate. NADPH is produced during the last step of this process and increased NADPH/NADP+ ratio has the potential to maintain cellular redox balance. Therefore, it is of interest to study 1,25(OH)2D regulation of GOT1 during cancer progression to understand the role of vitamin D in regulating oxidative stress as a mechanism to prevent breast cancer. We employed untransformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A), as well as Harvey ras‐oncogene or ErbB2 (HER‐2/neu) oncogene transformed cells (MCF10A‐ras and MCF10A‐ErbB2) as cell models for early cancer progression. Results showed that 1,25(OH)2D significantly decreased GOT1 mRNA expression at 48 hours in MCF10A‐ras cells and MCF10A‐ErbB2 cells by 35 ± 8.8% and 49 ± 10%, respectively, and GOT1 protein expression at 72 hours by 51 ± 4.9% and 51 ± 16%, respectively. The susceptibility of MCF10A‐ras cells to hydrogen peroxide induced cell death was significantly increased by 1,25(OH)2D, as determined by measuring viable cell number using MTT assay. We further showed that 96‐hour 1,25(OH)2D treatment significantly reduced cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio by 30 ± 2.8% and GSH/GSSG ratio by 34 ± 2.7% in MCF10A‐ras cells. Collectively, these results support that 1,25(OH)2D inhibits GOT1 expression and has pro‐oxidative effects in oncogene transformed MCF10A cell lines, which may contribute to its role in preventing breast cancer development.Support or Funding InformationThis work is support by the Project Development Team within the ICTSI NIH/NCRR Grant Number UL1TR001108, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute R25CA128770, and the Indiana Elks Charities administered by the Purdue Cancer Center.
Capsaicin Inhibits Methionine Cotransport in Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Talukder Jamil , Hill Cameron Cameron , Jaima Antara , Santiz‐Lopez Jessica 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIntestinal absorption of nutrients is a vital mechanism that depends essentially on the function of intestinal mucosa. Foodborne phytochemicals or bioactive compounds can play an important role in the mediation of Na+‐dependent nutrient transport from the gut lumen. The effect of chili extract (capsaicin) on absorption of essential amino acids is unknown.AimTo determine the effect of capsaicin on Na+‐dependent Met cotransport in enterocytes.MethodsIEC‐6 cells grown on transwell plates were treated with capsaicin. Initially, dose response and time course experiments were performed for Met uptake using [3H]‐Met. Cytosolic Ca2+ was measured using Flu 3AM and Caspase‐3 activity was determined using a kit. RTQ‐PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to determine SNAT2 mRNA and protein levels, respectively.ResultsCapsaicin treatment decreased Na+‐dependent Met uptake dose dependently in IEC‐6. Kinetic studies demonstrated that capsaicin inhibits Met uptake by decreasing the number of Met cotransporters. Capsaicin treatment increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels and Caspase‐3 activity. Molecular studies showed that SNAT2 mRNA levels and SNAT2 protein on apical membrane were down regulated by capsaicin.ConclusionThese studies revealed that capsaicin inhibits Met cotransport, SNAT2 in enterocytes.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants HRD‐1332459
SERUM 25‐HYDROXY D3 LEVELS IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Goktas Zeynep , Galyean Shannon , Syn David , Koklu Seyfettin , Wang Shu , Boylan Mallory , Dikmen Derya , Uyar Banugul 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIt has become the most common liver disease in the world. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a wide range of disorders from a simple steatosis to fibrosis/cirrhosis. Although some studies show association between vitamin D and NAFLD; studies showing the association in different severity of NAFLD are limited.AimThe aim of this study to evaluate serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D 3 levels in different severity of NAFLD.Materials and MethodsFifty three morbidly obese subjects (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) were included into the study. NAFLD activity scores (NAS) were calculated according to liver biopsies and subjects were divided into 3 group; mild NAFLD (n =15, NAS score: ≤2), moderate NAFLD (n =23, NAS score: 3–4), severe NAFLD (n =15, NAS score: ≥5). Blood samples were collected. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the serum vitamin D levels.ResultsSerum 25‐Hydroxy vitamin D 3 levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe NAFLD groups (25.9 ± 9.10 ng/ml and 21.9 ± 7.14 ng/ml, respectively) than the mild NAFLD group (34.5 ± 10.19 ng/ml). Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were lower in severe NAFLD group (165.0 ± 38.64 mg/dl and 39.8 ±8.33 mg/dl). Furthermore, serum folic acid levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe NAFLD groups (13.8 ± 4.00 nmol/L and 14.9 ± 4.38 nmol/L, respectively) than mild NAFLD group (17.9 ± 3.98 nmol/L). Serum 25‐ Hydroxy D 3 levels and NAS were not significantly different between gender groups. Serum vitamin D levels showed an inverse correlation with NAS (r = −0.332, p < 0.05). NAS levels did not show any significant difference between gender groups.ConclusionSerum 25‐Hydroxy vitamin D 3 levels may differ in different severity of NAFLD.
Effect of Dietary Pulse Consumption on Blood Pressure
Authors: Stewart Sarah E , Ireland Christopher A , de Souza Celine , de Souza Russell J , Mitchell Sandra , Augustin Livia S , Josse Robert G , Leiter Lawrence A , Kendall Cyril WC , Sievenpiper John L , Jenkins David JA 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHypertension is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and various vascular complications. Nutritional intervention, including specific dietary patterns and individual foods, plays a large role in the prevention and management of hypertension. We have previously shown that a low glycemic index (GI) diet with a principal focus on pulses resulted in significant reduction in blood pressure (BP). We therefore decided to assess whether this was a general pulse effect and so looked at a further trial where pulses were only one of many foods emphasized to lower the dietary GI.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of dietary pulse consumption on blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA secondary analysis was performed of data collected from a 6‐month randomized controlled trial conducted in 124 men and postmenopausal women with T2DM. Subjects had been randomized to either a high cereal fiber control diet or a low GI test diet which included recommendations for pulses. Dietary data from weighed 7‐day food records, anthropometric and BP measurements were collected for each month. The effect of pulse consumption on monthly systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was analyzed using a repeated measures analysis (PROC MIXED in SAS 9.3).ResultsConsumption of dietary pulses resulted in a reduction of 1.42mmHg in SBP (p = 0.0417), 1.07mmHg in DBP (p = 0.0170), and 1.18mmHg in MAP (p = 0.0155) for every 100 kcal (approximately 1/3–1/2 cup) of dietary pulses included as part of the daily diet. The effect of pulse consumption was consistent over time, with no significant pulse*time interaction. Independent and collective adjustments for age, sex, change from baseline energy intake and change from baseline sodium intake did not alter significant reductions seen for all three blood pressure measurements. Further adjustments for change from baseline BMI, medication use, or potassium intake each resulted in marginal loss of significance for SBP and/or DBP, but maintained significance for MAP, while adjustment for GI resulted in loss of significance for all three BP measures.ConclusionsIncreasing intake of dietary pulses decreased blood pressure in a sample of individuals with T2DM. GI may be a possible causal pathway by which pulses affect blood pressure.Support or Funding InformationCanadian Institutes of Health Research, Loblaw Brands Limited, Barilla