bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quick Calculation Method for Radiation Pattern of Submillimeter Telescope with Deformation and Displacement
Authors: You Jia , Yao Yi-Wei , Wang Zheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Radiation pattern captures the electromagnetic performance of reflector antennas, which is significantly affected by the deformation of the primary reflector due to gravity and the displacement of the secondary reflector. During the design process of large reflector antennas, a substantial amount of time is often dedicated to iteratively adjusting structural parameters and validating electromagnetic performance. To improve the efficiency of the design process, we first propose an approximate calculation method of optical path difference (OPD) for the deformation of the primary reflector under gravity and the displacement of the secondary reflector. Then an OPD fitting function based on the modified Zernike polynomials is proposed to capture the phase difference of radiation over the aperture plane, based on which the radiation pattern will be obtained quickly by the aperture field integration method. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed quick calculation method for analyzing the radiation pattern of a 10.4 m submillimeter telescope antenna at its highest operating frequency of 856 GHz. In comparison with the numerical simulation method based on GRASP (which is an antenna electromagnetic analysis tool combining physical optics (PO) and physical theory of diffraction (PTD)), the quick calculation method reduces the time for radiation pattern analysis from more than one hour to less than two minutes. Furthermore, the quick calculation method exhibits excellent accuracy for the figure of merit (FOM) of the radiation pattern. Therefore, the proposed quick calculation method can obtain the radiation pattern with high speed and accuracy. Compared to the time-consuming numerical simulation method (PO and PTD), it can be employed for quick analysis of the radiation pattern for the lateral displacement of the secondary reflector and the deformation of the primary reflector under gravity in the design process of a reflector antenna.
Design of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter trigger primitive generator system
Authors: Ehle I. ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The High Luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC) is planned to begin data taking in 2029, with the instantaneous luminosity expected to increase to 4 times its current value and the average number of particle interactions per bunch crossing increasing by approximately 3.5 times its current value. The current endcap calorimeters in the CMS detector will be replaced by a novel high granularity calorimeter (HGCAL) that will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions and will be the first such calorimeter specifically optimised for particle flow reconstruction to operate at a colliding-beam experiment. The Level 1 trigger of the CMS experiment will combine the calorimeter data with tracking information to allow particle-flow techniques to be used. The high granularity of the calorimeter leads to about six million readout channels in total, concentrated in one million trigger cells, sampled for the L1 trigger at a rate of 40 MHz. The trigger data volumes will be an order of magnitude above those currently handled in CMS, posing significant challenges for data manipulation and processing. In addition, the trigger algorithms must be able to efficiently reject the huge background rate in the forward region of the detector due to the high pileup environment. The status of the HGCAL trigger architecture and design, as well as the algorithms developed in order to tackled these major issues, is presented here. The data flow is described from the formation and preselection of trigger cells on detector to the generation of two types of trigger primitives off detector, projective towers of energy in the (η, ϕ) plane and three-dimensional clusters of particles. Particle flow will use these 3D clusters, and their formation is described and followed by recent developments in the optimization of their transverse size.
Sparse-view image reconstruction with total-variation minimization applied to sparsely sampled projection data from SiPM-based photon-counting CT
Authors: Sato D. , Arimoto M. , Kotoku J. , Kawashima H. , Kobayashi S. , Okumura K. , Murakami K. , Lucyana F. , Tomoda T. , Kataoka J. , Sagisaka M. , Terazawa S. , Shiota S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We constructed a sparse-view computed tomography (CT) system that combines a compressed
sensing (CS)-based image-reconstruction algorithm and SiPM-based photon-counting (PC) CT. CS-based
image-reconstruction algorithms have been extensively studied for X-ray CT image reconstruction
using fewer projections because they are expected to reduce CT imaging time and radiation exposure
while maintaining CT image quality. In most previous studies, CS-based image-reconstruction
algorithms have been applied to data obtained through numerical simulations or conventional
dual-energy CT. However, studies on PC-CT have been scarce. Therefore, we applied a CS-based
image-reconstruction algorithm to the projection data obtained using our previously established
SiPM-based PC-CT system and evaluated its image quality. We prepared static phantoms equivalent to
iodine-containing contrast agents and a mouse model injected with iodine-containing contrast
agents as subjects. Thereafter, CT scanning was performed. The obtained projection data were
downsampled to simulate a sparse-view situation, and a CS-based image-reconstruction algorithm
with total-variation minimization was applied. Consequently, sparse-view CT images were
successfully reconstructed, and the image quality was maintained even after downsampling the
projection data (downsampling ratios of 1/10 and 1/2 for the rod phantom and mouse model,
respectively). Thus, the imaging time and exposure dose could be remarkably reduced (by a factor
of 10 or 2), indicating that the CS-based image-reconstruction algorithm is effective for PC-CT.
Development of a Triple-GEM detector with strip readout and GEMINI chip for X rays and neutron imaging
Authors: Caruggi F. , Celora A. , Cancelli S. , Gorini G. , Grosso G. , Guiotto F. , Muraro A. , Perelli Cippo E. , Petruzzo M. , Putignano O. , Tardocchi M. , Giarratana L.S. , Croci G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thermal neutron imaging can be a useful tool in the study of the internal structure of an object. The different attenuation properties of the materials with respect to X rays give rise to different interactions and the result is a complementary non-destructive analysis, which can provide important additional information. This technique has been successfully employed in different areas of work, especially in material science and cultural heritage studies. This paper describes the development of a new detection system and its characterization performed with X ray emissions. The system features the use of a gaseous detector, based on the Gas Electron Multiplier technology, and a fully digital electronic readout, with a combination of custom-made ASICs (called GEMINI) and FPGA boards, enabling fast single photon counting. The detector can be thus used directly for X ray imaging, while the addition of a suitable converter in its active volume will allow for detection of neutrons and for reconstruction of their tracks. The readout system is based on a x-y strip structure and features the reconstruction of single events through the center of mass methodology, allowing for accurate tomography, with sub-mm spatial resolution, in combination with sub-ms time resolution and high rate capabilities (up to MHz/mm2).
On the role of interconnected mini-grids in net-zero emissions electricity system: insights from Nigeria
Authors: Nana Joel Yongoua , Dioha Michael O 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As developing countries like Nigeria strive to reduce carbon emissions while expanding energy access, mini-grids’ role has gained recognition. However, limited analysis exists regarding the role of interconnected mini-grids (IMGs) in the transition to net-zero emissions electricity generation systems. Here, we employ a bottom-up energy system optimization modeling framework to explore the techno-economic implications of deploying IMGs in net-zero emissions electricity systems, using Nigeria as a case study. We find that IMGs can contribute to modest system-level cost reductions in net-zero emissions electricity systems. IMGs can help minimize stranded electricity generation assets and decrease the reliance on negative emissions technologies in scenarios aiming for net-zero emissions electricity systems by 2050. In scenarios where the net-zero target is delayed until 2070, the widespread deployment of comparatively affordable cleaner generators and the phaseout of fossil fuel power plants may render negative emission technologies unnecessary. The model results further indicate that IMGs can help reduce the use of captive diesel/gasoline gen-sets quickly, and nuclear power has a role in the electricity generation mix in all net-zero emissions scenarios. Moreover, in order to achieve the median per capita electricity consumption observed in high-income countries by the year 2050, Nigeria must undertake a formidable expansion of its current electricity generation capacity at a rate approximately six times greater than that dictated by a business-as-usual trajectory. The study also provides recommendations to address the policy, regulatory, and financial considerations crucial for implementing IMGs successfully.
Observed trends in timing and severity of streamflow droughts across global tropics
Authors: Raut Aparna , Ganguli Poulomi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Drought is a recurrent climatic hazard impacting natural and built environmental systems, including human lives. Although several studies have assessed streamflow droughts and their multivariate characterization, very few studies have focused on understanding spatiotemporal changes in drought attributes, such as drought seasonality, severity and duration across global tropics. Further, the nonlinear response between onset time and severity of streamflow droughts at a large scale are unknown. Leveraging ground-based streamflow observations, this study for the first time investigate changes in streamflow drought characteristics across global tropics using two 30 year climate normal periods: 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. Our analyses of changes in probability distributions of onset time and severity (deficit volume) of streamflow droughts over the two time windows show significant shifts towards higher values for Northeast and South American Monsoon region, Western Africa, eastern South Africa, north and eastern Australia. Around 55% of the sites show an increase in drought frequency in recent times. We found that in the recent times, only 27% of sites depict an increase in deficit volume accompanied by delayed onset. Further, we identify a few regional hotspots, such as Northeast and South American monsoon region, and eastern coast of Australia show an increased frequency of droughts with an upward trend in deficit volume in recent years. As expected, the individual changes in drought attributes have translated into changes in joint occurrences of their interdependent attributes, assuming the correlation between onset time and deficit volume. Our analyses show robust dependence strengths between onset time and deficit volume, which strengthen further in the recent time window over 50% of catchments. The nonstationary changes identified here in individual drought attributes and their joint dependence can alter the hazard potential of extreme droughts, which has consequences in risk management, climate adaptation and water resources planning.
Energy window optimization in bremsstrahlung imaging after Yttrium-90 microsphere therapy
Authors: Demirtaş C Kayaş , Can M , Karadeniz Ö , Çilengiroğlu Ö Vupa , Ertay T , Kaya G Çapa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In imaging of Yttrium-90 patients treated hepatic primary and metastatic cancers, bremsstrahlung photons produced in a wide energy range is used. However, the image quality depends on acquisition energy window. This research aimed energy window optimization for Yttrium-90 bremsstrahlung imaging and 48 patients with various types of cancer received radioembolization therapy were investigated. Patients were imaged using a GE Healthcare Optima NM/CT 640 series gamma camera system with a medium energy general-purpose (MEGP) collimator and planar images were acquired with 8 different energy windows in the 55–400 keV energy range. The data set, formed with the % FOV, contrast, and spatial resolution of image quality parameters calculated from these images, was statistically examined with ANOVA and Tukey tests. According to the visual evaluations and ANOVA/Tukey test results, it was statistically concluded that energy window of 90–110 keV is the optimal energy window while 60–400 keV energy ranges show the lowest image quality for Y-90 bremsstrahlung imaging.
An overview of the second-previous memory effect in the strictlyalternating donation game
Authors: EL-Seidy Essam , Mamdouh Zayet Mohamed , Abdel-Malek Amira R , Rabie Aya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Game theory delves into the examination of strategic behaviour across diverse domains such as insurance, business, military, biology, and more, with the aim of deriving optimal decisions. Recent research focusing on the alteration of memory in the donation game with simultaneous iterated rounds has spurred our interest in investigating this phenomenon within the realm of the strictly alternating donation game. This study proposes a novel decision-making approach, utilizing the pre-previous unit instead of the most recent one. The scope narrows down to 16 employed strategies, each defined by finite two-state automata, while accounting for potential implementation errors in the computation of strategy payoffs. Dominant strategies are determined by assessing the interaction payoffs among strategy pairs. This article centers on the calculation of equilibrium points among heteroclinic three cycles, as there is a lack of a single strategy that is unequivocally dominant. Among the strategy landscapes, S
2 emerges as a standout performer, displaying remarkable stability that surpasses other strategies. Contrariwise, S
14 is the least effective tactic.
Absolute delay calibration by analytical fitting of attosecond streaking measurements
Authors: Inzani G , Di Palo N , Dolso G L , Nisoli M , Lucchini M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An accurate temporal characterization of both pump and probe pulses is essential for the correct interpretation of any pump-probe experiment. This is particularly true for attosecond spectroscopy, where the pulses are too short to be directly measured with electronic devices. However, when measuring the absolute timing between a light waveform and the related photoinduced physical phenomenon, such characterization does not suffice. Here, we introduce a new method called rACE (refined Analytical Chirp Evaluation), which retrieves both pump and probe pulses while establishing a direct relation between the reconstructed time axis and the experimental delay. This feature is particularly relevant for the extraction of absolute time delays, a growing field in attosecond spectroscopy. In this work, we prove the robustness of rACE with simulated datasets involving the effect of pulse chirp, distinctive target attributes, and non-isolated attosecond pulses, which normally constitute challenging situations for standard methods. For all the cases reported here, rACE achieves a precise absolute delay calibration with an accuracy better than the atomic unit of time. Its successful application to attosecond experimental measurements makes it a fundamental tool for attaining sub-cycle absolute temporal resolution, enabling new investigations of lightwave-driven ultrafast phenomena.
Hydrostatic pressure-induced anomalous hall effect in Co2FeSi semimetal
Authors: Sau Jyotirmoy , Sa Debanand , Kumar Manoranjan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Weyl points and nodal line emerge in the momentum space due to symmetry protected state in topological semimetal materials and these materials hold significance due to their unusual anomalous transport properties. In this manuscript, we study the topological properties of the electronic band structure of a half-metallic ferromagnet Co2FeSi employing the ab-initio density functional theory method and show that it is a strongly correlated material. The experimentally observed magnetic properties can be explained in terms of the Slater–Pauling (SP) rule and our calculations are consistent with it. We also investigate the band topology of Co2FeSi and find that there are three topological nodal lines at 380 meV above Fermi Energy (E

F

). The degeneracy of these nodal lines is perturbed upon introducing spin–orbit coupling with magnetization along [001] direction. However, some points still preserve degeneracy and are identified as Weyl points, each associated with a specific Chern number. At the ambient pressure, the AHC properties of this material have only extrinsic contribution which is consistent with the experimental results. To make the AHC intrinsic, we tune the position of the nodal line close to the Fermi energy by applying the hydrostatic pressure up to 26 GPa. We also discuss crystal symmetries and their relation with nodal lines and Weyl points.
A new scheme of all-optical 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) and MUX-based combinational circuits using nonlinear kerr-type materials
Authors: Das Sourabh Kumar , Pahari Nirmalya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optoelectronics, often known as photon-based electronics, is well recognised for being more effective than conventional electronics for communication. To create a superfast computer, several devices have previously been developed in the field of all optical computing systems. Here, we have put forth an all-optical 2:1 multiplexer with the usage of nonlinear material exhibiting a strong ac Kerr effect and 2:1 Multiplexer (MUX) based all optical -photonic switches - NOT, OR, AND, NAND, NOR etc The sole method for building combinational logic circuits is to utilise MUX. This work is made simpler by the Shannon decomposition theorem than by other approaches. In this study, input and output are expressed as the presence of a light signal with a prefixed intensity as binary 1 and the absence of a light signal as binary 0 using an intensity-based all-optical device and positive logic. Since the system is entirely optical, our current design enables very-high speed (terahertz) computation, which is not possible with typical semiconductor electronic switches. Validation through mathematical computations-based PYTHON simulations establishes the efficacy of the proposed approach. This research holds promise for applications in industrial and commercial contexts, offering enhanced performance and versatility.
Analytical modeling of stress concentration in composite box girders
Authors: Sharma Ishu , Singh Gyani Jail , Kumar Kaushal , Singh Krishna Pratap , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In several structures/structural forms, including box beams, T-beams, U-beams, box girders, and tubular buildings, the stress concentration caused by the shear lag effect reduces their load-resisting capacity. The energy method has been proven to be more effective in analyzing the shear lag effect in these structures. Utilizing the minimum potential energy principle, this study illustrates a simplified approach to assessing stress concentration in composite box girders. Based on boundary conditions and shear loading conditions, closed form solutions are obtained for normal stresses and deflection. The present research results are verified with finite element analysis results and literature, demonstrating the robustness of the methodology. A composite box girder can be analyzed using the present approach under any support and loading conditions, taking material properties into account. To increase composite box girders’ load carrying capacity, additional layers of material are generally added to the flange. When retrofitting a box girder in this way, cross-sectional flexural rigidity is trivially improved. The additional layer of material on the flange of the box girder may reduce stress concentrations caused by the shear lag effect when it improves the shear flow capacity (SFC) of the flange. Shear flow parameter (Γ) measures flange shear flow capacity. The flange SFC increases significantly for a core/layer with a ratio of elastic modulus to shear modulus (E

c
/G

c
) up to 1.26. When E

c
/G

c
rises even further, the flange SFC decreases. A composite box beam may have enhanced flange stiffness, with cores/layers having E

c
/G

c
ratios up to 2.86 and stress concentrations similar to that of a box beam without a core/layer. In composite box beams with a low aspect ratio, considering only flexural deformation in the core/layer augments the stress concentrations significantly. Deflection and negative shear lag are reduced significantly when the composite box beam flange has a high SFC.
Performance investigation of stacked-channel junctionless Tri-Gate FinFET 8T-SRAM cell
Authors: Singh Devenderpal , Chaudhary Shalini , Dewan Basudha , Yadav Menka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Junctionless FinFET devices are a substitute for conventional FinFET devices due to their short channel effects and easy manufacturing at sub 22 nm technology node. The manuscript presents an 8T-SRAM cell based on tri-gate junctionless FinFET technology. The FinFET device is designed with source/drain of Si material and the channel as a stack of Si − Si
0.75
Ge
0.25 − Si. The proposed SRAM cell structure consists of a CMOS inverter with stacked p-FinFETs, improving its performance in terms of noise margin and leakage power consumption. The manuscript investigates the variation of Static Noise Margin (SNM), leakage power dissipation and delay with supply voltage to analyze the sub-threshold operation of SRAM cell. The results reveal that the cascaded p-FinFETs minimize the leakage current owing to the stack effect, resulting in improved noise margin and lower leakage power. The stacked p-FinFET devices based SRAM cell achieves 1.11x read noise margin, 1.11x hold noise margin, −1.08x write noise margin and 57.1% less leakage power compared to conventional SRAM cell at 1.0 V. However, it exhibits more delay due to increased resistance and capacitance of the cascaded transistors. The process variation analysis is also performed to investigate the SNM distribution using monte-carlo simulation by taking 10,000 samples. The results indicate that the SRAM cell structures provide higher than 6σ yield at range of supply voltages.