bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc‐Imidazolate Films as an All‐Dry Resist Technology
Authors: Corkery Peter , Waltz Kayley E. , Eckhert Patrick M. , Ahmad Mueed , Kraetz Andrea , Miao Yurun , Lee Dennis T. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohammed K. , Lan Yucheng , Haghi‐Ashtiani Paul , Stein Aaron , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Tsapatsis Michael , Fairbrother D. Howard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivated by the drawbacks of solution phase processing, an all‐dry resist formation process is presented that utilizes amorphous zinc‐imidazolate (aZnMIm) films deposited by atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD), patterned with electron beam lithography (EBL), and developed by novel low temperature (120 °C) gas phase etching using 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfacH) to achieve well‐resolved 22 nm lines with a pitch of 30 nm. The effects of electron beam irradiation on the chemical structure and hfacH etch resistance of aZnMIm films are investigated, and it is found that electron irradiation degrades the 2‐methylimidazolate ligands and transforms aZnMIm into a more dense material that is resistant to etching by hfacH and has a C:N:Zn ratio effectively identical to that of unmodified aZnMIm. These findings showcase the potential for aZnMIm films to function in a dry resist technology. Sensitivity, contrast, and critical dimensions of the patterns are determined to be 37 mC cm−2, 0.87, and 29 nm, respectively, for aZnMIm deposited on silicon substrates and patterned at 30 keV. This work introduces a new direction for solvent‐free resist processing, offering the prospect of scalable, high‐resolution patterning techniques for advanced semiconductor fabrication processes.
All‐Optically Controlled Artificial Synapse Based on Full Oxides for Low‐Power Visible Neural Network Computing
Authors: Yang Ruqi , Wang Yue , Li Siqin , Hu Dunan , Chen Qiujiang , Zhuge Fei , Ye Zhizhen , Pi Xiaodong , Lu Jianguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial synapse devices are dedicated to overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. Adopting light signals in visual information processing and computing is vital for developing next‐generation artificial neuromorphic systems. A strategy to construct all‐optically controlled artificial synaptic devices based on full oxides with amorphous ZnAlSnO/SnO heterojunction in a two‐terminal planar configuration is proposed. All synaptic behaviors are operated in the visible optical pathway, with excitatory synapse under red (635 nm) light and inhibitory synapse under green (532 nm) and blue (405 nm) lights. Based on the different inhibitory effects, two modes of long‐term depression (LTD) and RESET processes can be implemented through green and blue lights, respectively. The energy consumption of an event can be as low as 0.75 pJ. A three‐layer perceptron model is designed to classify 28 × 28‐pixel handwritten digital images and performed supervised learning using a backpropagation algorithm, demonstrating the bio‐visually inspired neuromorphic computing with a training accuracy of 92.74%. The all‐optically controlled artificial synapses with write/erasure behaviors in visible RGB region and rational microelectronic process, as presented in this work, are essential in developing future artificial neuromorphic systems and highlight the huge potential of next‐generation computer systems.
Patient‐Derived Microphysiological Systems for Precision Medicine
Authors: Ko Jihoon , Song Jiyoung , Choi Nakwon , Kim Hong Nam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatient‐derived microphysiological systems (P‐MPS) have emerged as powerful tools in precision medicine that provide valuable insight into individual patient characteristics. This review discusses the development of P‐MPS as an integration of patient‐derived samples, including patient‐derived cells, organoids, and induced pluripotent stem cells, into well‐defined MPSs. Emphasizing the necessity of P‐MPS development, its significance as a nonclinical assessment approach that bridges the gap between traditional in vitro models and clinical outcomes is highlighted. Additionally, guidance is provided for engineering approaches to develop microfluidic devices and high‐content analysis for P‐MPSs, enabling high biological relevance and high‐throughput experimentation. The practical implications of the P‐MPS are further examined by exploring the clinically relevant outcomes obtained from various types of patient‐derived samples. The construction and analysis of these diverse samples within the P‐MPS have resulted in physiologically relevant data, paving the way for the development of personalized treatment strategies. This study describes the significance of the P‐MPS in precision medicine, as well as its unique capacity to offer valuable insights into individual patient characteristics.
A Soft Bioelectronic Patch for Simultaneous Respiratory and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Wang Xue , Xiao Xiao , Feng Zhiping , Wu Yufen , Yang Jin , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSleep is critical to maintaining physical and mental health. Measuring physiological parameters to quantify sleep quality without uncomfortable user experience remains highly desired but a challenge. Here, this work develops a soft bioelectronic patch to perform simultaneous respiration and cardiovascular monitoring during sleep in a wearable and non‐invasive manner. The soft bioelectronic patch system is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a flexible printed circuit for signal processing, and a soft thermoplastic urethane mold for assembling different functional modules. The soft bioelectronic patch holds a sensitivity of >0.12 V kPa−1 and a remarkable low‐frequency response from 0.5 to 15 Hz. It is demonstrated to continuously monitor respiration and heartbeat during the whole night, which could be harnessed for sleep monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome diagnosis. The reported soft bioelectronic patch represents a simple and convenient platform technology for sleep study.
Revealing the Anion–Solvent Interaction for Ultralow Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Jijian , Koverga Volodymyr , Phan An , min Li Ai , Zhang Nan , Baek Minsung , Jayawardana Chamithri , Lucht Brett L. , Ngo Anh T. , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnion solvation in electrolytes can largely change the electrochemical performance of the electrolytes, yet has been rarely investigated. Herein, three anions of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI), and derived asymmetric (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoro‐methanesulfonyl)imide (FTFSI) are systematically examined in a weakly Li+ cation solvating solvent of bis(3‐fluoropropyl)ether (BFPE). In‐situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry demonstrates that FTFSI− and FSI− anions are associated with BFPE solvent, while weak TFSI−/BFPE cluster signals are detected. Molecular modeling further reveals that the anion–solvent interaction is accompanied by the formation of H‐bonding‐like interactions. Anion solvation enhances the Li+ cation transfer number and reduces the organic component in solid electrolyte interphase, which enhances the Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency at a low temperature of −30 °C from 42.4% in TFSI‐based electrolytes to 98.7% in 1.5 m LiFTFSI and 97.9% in LiFSI‐BFPE electrolytes. The anion–solvent interactions, especially asymmetric anion solvation also accelerate the Li+ desolvation kinetics. The 1.5 m LiFTFSI‐BFPE electrolyte with strong anion–solvent interaction enables LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)||Li (20 µm) full cell with stable cyclability even under −40 °C, retaining over 92% of initial capacity (115 mAh g−1, after 100 cycles). The anion–solvent interactions insights allow to rational design the electrolyte for lithium metal batteries and beyond to achieve high performance.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Phonon‐Glass Electron‐Crystal Like AgSbTe2
Authors: Taneja Vaishali , Das Subarna , Dolui Kapildeb , Ghosh Tanmoy , Bhui Animesh , Bhat Usha , Kedia Dinesh Kumar , Pal Koushik , Datta Ranjan , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAchieving glass‐like ultra‐low thermal conductivity in crystalline solids with high electrical conductivity, a crucial requirement for high‐performance thermoelectrics , continues to be a formidable challenge. A careful balance between electrical and thermal transport is essential for optimizing the thermoelectric performance. Despite this inherent trade‐off, the experimental realization of an ideal thermoelectric material with a phonon‐glass electron‐crystal (PGEC) nature has rarely been achieved. Here, PGEC‐like AgSbTe2 is demonstrated by tuning the atomic disorder upon Yb doping, which results in an outstanding thermoelectric performance with figure of merit, zT ≈ 2.4 at 573 K. Yb‐doping‐induced enhanced atomic ordering decreases the overlap between the hole and phonon mean free paths and consequently leads to a PGEC‐like transport behavior in AgSbTe2. A twofold increase in electrical mobility is observed while keeping the position of the Fermi level (EF) nearly unchanged and corroborates the enhanced crystalline nature of the AgSbTe2 lattice upon Yb doping for electrical transport. The cation‐ordered domains, lead to the formation of nanoscale superstructures (≈2 to 4 nm) that strongly scatter heat‐carrying phonons, resulting in a temperature‐independent glass‐like thermal conductivity. The strategy paves the way for realizing high thermoelectric performance in various disordered crystals by making them amorphous to phonons while favoring crystal‐like electrical transport.
Hydronium Intercalation Enables High Rate in Hexagonal Molybdate Single Crystals
Authors: Guo Haocheng , Wu Sicheng , Chen Wen , Su Zhen , Wang Qing , Sharma Neeraj , Rong Chengli , Fleischmann Simon , Liu Zhaoping , Zhao Chuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRapid proton transport in solid‐hosts promotes a new chemistry in achieving high‐rate Faradaic electrodes. Exploring the possibility of hydronium intercalation is essential for advancing proton‐based charge storage. Nevertheless, this is yet to be revealed. Herein, a new host is reported of hexagonal molybdates, (A2O)x·MoO3·(H2O)y (A = Na+, NH4+), and hydronium (de)intercalation is demonstrated with experiments. Hexagonal molybdates show a battery‐type initial reduction followed by intercalation pseudocapacitance. Fast rate of 200 C (40 A g−1) and long lifespan of 30 000 cycles are achieved in electrodes of monocrystals even over 200 µm. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance confirms hydronium intercalations, and operando measurements using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction disclose distinct intercalation behaviours in different electrolyte concentrations. Remarkably, characterizations of the cycled electrodes show nearly identical structures and suggest equilibrium products are minimally influenced by the extent of proton solvation. These results offer new insights into proton electrochemistry and will advance correlated high‐power batteries and beyond.
Molecular Design of Layered Hybrid Silver Bismuth Bromine Single Crystal for Ultra‐Stable X‐Ray Detection With Record Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Huanyu , Li ZhenHua , Wang Shuo , Peng Guoqiang , Lan Wei , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNowadays, weak interlayer coupling and unclear mechanism in layered hybrid silver bismuth bromine (LH‐AgBiBr) are the main reasons for limiting its further enhanced X‐ray detection sensitivity and stability. Herein, the design rules for LH‐AgBiBr and its influence on X‐ray detection performance are reported for the first time. Although shortening amine size can enhance interlayer coupling, its detection performance is severely hampered by its easier defect formation caused by enlarged micro strain. In contrast, an appropriate divalent amine design endows the material with improved interlayer coupling and released micro strain, which benefits crystal stability and mechanical hardness. Another contribution is to increase material density and dielectric constant; thus, enhancing X‐ray absorption and carrier transport. Consequently, the optimized parallel device based on BDA2AgBiBr8 achieves a record sensitivity of 2638 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and an ultra‐low detection limit of 7.4 nGyair s−1, outperforming other reported LH‐AgBiBr X‐ray detectors. Moreover, the unencapsulated device displays remarkable anti‐moisture, anti‐thermal (>150 °C), and anti‐radiation (>1000 Gyair) endurance. Eventually, high‐resolution hard X‐ray imaging is demonstrated by linear detector arrays under a benign dose rate (1.63 µGyair s−1) and low external bias (5 V). Hence, these findings provide guidelines for future materials design and device optimization.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Inhibited Escape of Volatile Species
Authors: Gao Yanyan , Liu Chong , He Mingzhu , Zhang Cuiling , Liu Liang , Luo Qinrong , Wu Yanghong , Zhang Haoyang , Zhong Xuqi , Guo Rilang , Xie Yi , Wu Shaohang , Schropp Ruud E.I. , Mai Yaohua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intrinsically weak bonding structure in halide perovskite materials makes components in the thin films volatile, leading to the decomposition of halide perovskite materials. The reactions within the perovskite film are reversible provided that components do not escape the thin films. Here, a holistic approach is reported to improve the efficiency and stability of PSMs by preventing the effusion of volatile components. Specifically, a method for in situ generation of channel barrier layers for perovskite photovoltaic modules is developed. The resulting PSMs attain a certified aperture PCE of 21.37%, and possess remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of T90 > 1100 h in ambient air, and damp heat (DH) tracking of T93 > 1400 h.
Large‐Area Flexible Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Inkjet Printing
Authors: Liu Hui , Shi Guangyi , Khan Rashid , Chu Shenglong , Huang Zongming , Shi Tongfei , Sun Haiding , Li Yaping , Zhou Hongmin , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are attracting increasing attention due to their potential applications in flat panel lighting and displays. The solution process, large‐area fabrication, and flexibility are attractive properties of PeLEDs over traditional inorganic LEDs. However, it is still very challenging to deposit uniform perovskite films on flexible substrates using a blade or slot‐die coating, as the flexible substrate is not perfectly flat. Here, the inkjet printing technique is adopted, and the key challenges are overcome step‐by‐step in preparing large‐area films on flexible substrates. Double‐hole transporting layers are first used and a wetting interfacial layer to improve the surface wettability so that the printed perovskite droplets can form a continuous wet film. The fluidic and evaporation dynamics of the perovskite wet layer is manipulated to suppress the coffee ring effect by solvent engineering. Uniform perovskite films are obtained finally on flexible substrates with different perovskite compositions. The peak external quantum efficiency of the inkjet‐printed PeLEDs reaches 14.3%. Large‐area flexible PeLEDs (4 × 7 cm2) also show very uniform emission. This work represents a significant step toward real applications of large‐area PeLEDs in flexible flat‐panel lighting.
Single‐Molecule Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy for Instability of Intermediate Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Park Jungjae , Jeong Hyeongseop , Noh Namgyu , Park Ji Su , Ji Sanghyeon , Kang Sung , Huh Yoon , Hyun Jaekyung , Yuk Jong Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐molecule techniques are powerful microscopy methods that provide new insights into biological processes. Liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy (LP‐TEM) is an ideal single‐molecule technique for overcoming the poor spatiotemporal resolution of optical approaches. However, single‐molecule LP‐TEM is limited by several challenges such as electron‐beam‐induced molecular damage, difficulty in identifying biomolecular species, and a lack of analytical approaches for conformational dynamics. Herein, a single‐molecule graphene liquid‐cell TEM (GLC‐TEM) technique that enables the investigation of real‐time structural perturbations of intact amyloid fibrils is presented. It is demonstrated that graphene membranes significantly extend the observation period of native amyloid beta proteins without causing oxidative damage owing to electron beams, which is necessary for imaging. Stochastic and time‐resolved investigations of single fibrils reveal that structural perturbations in the early fibrillar stage are responsible for the formation of various amyloid polymorphs. The advantage of observing structural behavior in real time with unprecedented resolution will potentially make GLC‐TEM a complementary approach to other single‐molecule techniques.
Laser‐Ironing Induced Capping Layer on Co‐ZIF‐L Promoting In Situ Surface Modification to High‐Spin Oxide–Carbon Hybrids on the “Real Catalyst” for High OER Activity and Stability
Authors: Liu Weihao , Yang Jing , Zhao Yizhe , Liu Ximeng , Heng Jian , Hong Minghui , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wang John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnhancing electrocatalytic performance through structural and compositional engineering attracts considerable attention. However, most materials only function as pre‐catalysts and convert into “real catalysts” during electrochemical reactions. Such transition involves dramatic structural and compositional changes and disrupts their designed properties. Herein, for the first time, a laser‐ironing (LI) approach capable of in‐situ forming a laser‐ironing capping layer (LICL) on the Co‐ZIF‐L flakes is developed. During the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process, the LICL sustains the leaf‐like morphology and promotes the formation of OER‐active Co3O4 nanoclusters with the highest activity and stability. In contrast, the pristine and conventional heat‐treated Co‐ZIF‐Ls both collapse and transform to less active CoOOH. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations pinpoint the importance of the high spin (HS) states of Co ions and the narrowed band gap in Co3O4 nanoclusters. They enhance the OER activity by promoting spin‐selected electron transport, effectively lowering the energy barrier and realizing a spontaneous O2‐releasing step that is the potential determining step (pds) in CoOOH. This study presents an innovative approach for modulating both structural and compositional evolutions of electrocatalysts during the reaction, sustaining stability with high performance during dynamic electrochemical reactions, and providing new pathways for facile and high‐precision surface microstructure control.
Multilevel Gradient‐Ordered Silicon Anode with Unprecedented Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Ying , Wu Feng , Li Yu , Feng Xin , Zheng Lumin , Liu Mingquan , Li Shuqiang , Qian Ji , Wang Zhaohua , Ren Haixia , Gong Yuteng , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile cost‐effective sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with crystalline silicon anodes promise high theoretical capacities, they perform poorly because silicon stores sodium ineffectively (capacity <40 mAh g−1). To address this issue, herein an atomic‐order structural‐design tactic is adopted for obtaining unique multilevel gradient‐ordered silicon (MGO‐Si) by simple electrochemical reconstruction. In situ‐formed short‐range‐, medium‐range‐, and long‐range‐ordered structures construct a stable MGO‐Si, which contributes to favorable Na–Si interaction and fast ion diffusion channels. These characteristics afford a high reversible capacity (352.7 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1) and stable cycling performance (95.2% capacity retention after 4000 cycles), exhibiting record values among those reported for pure silicon electrodes. Sodium storage of MGO‐Si involves an adsorption–intercalation mechanism, and a stepwise construction strategy of gradient‐ordered structure further improves the specific capacity (339.5 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1). Reconstructed Si/C composites show a high reversible capacity of 449.5 mAh g−1, significantly better than most carbonaceous anodes. The universality of this design principle is demonstrated for other inert or low‐capacity materials (micro‐Si, SiO2, SiC, graphite, and TiO2), boosting their capacities by 1.5–6 times that of pristine materials, thereby providing new solutions to facilitate sodium storage capability for better‐performing battery designs.
Highly Crystalized MAPbX3 Perovskite Triangular Nanowire Arrays for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Xiong Yuting , Xu Xiuzhen , Chen Bo , Xu Xiaobin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHere, a facile fabrication approach for the high‐quality 1D perovskite triangular nanowire (TNW) array synthesis through space‐confined effect is reported. A soft stamp containing 1D triangular linear array pattern is used to confine the MAPbX3 solution and to guide the growth of the nanowires along the prescribed direction with good crystallinity. The further constructed photodetectors based on the obtained MAPbI3 TNWs exhibit superior photoresponse properties with a responsivity of (125.2 ± 2.5) A W−1 and detectivity of (2.8 ± 0.8) × 1013 Jones at the wavelength of 650 nm. This excellent performance is attributed to the highly crystalline TNW with optical anisotropy and a small asymptotic height, which reduces the probability of the photon reflection and promotes the carrier transport. More interestingly, the increased surface area of the triangular device can present superior flexibility after a couple of thousands of bending cycles. Furthermore, by fabricating 7 × 7 photodetector arrays, the potential image sensor application is demonstrated. The perovskite nanowire fabrication approach is scalable and compatible with current semiconductor manufacturing, which indicates their great potential in broad applications.
Antibacterial Plasma Polymer Coatings on 3D Materials for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Dao Aiken , Gaitanos Christale , Kamble Sumedh , Sharifahmadian Omid , Tan Richard , Wise Steven G. , Cheung Tiffany Lai Yun , Bilek Marcela M.M. , Savage Paul B. , Schindeler Aaron , Akhavan Behnam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCovalent biofunctionalization of implant surfaces using anti microbial agents is a promising approach to reducing bone infection and implant failure. Radical‐rich, ion‐assisted plasma polymerized (IPP) coatings enable surface covalent biofunctionalization in a simple manner; but until now, they are limited to only 2D surfaces. Here a new technology is demonstrated to create homogenous IPP coatings on 3D materials using a rotating, conductive cage that is negatively biased while immersed in RF plasma. Evidence is provided that under controlled energetic ion bombardment, this technology enables the formation of highly robust and homogenous radical‐rich coatings on 3D objects for subsequent covalent attachment of antimicrobial agents. To functionally apply this technology, the broad‐spectrum antimicrobial CSA‐90 is attached to the surfaces, where it retained potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. CSA‐90 covalent functionalization of stainless‐steel pins used in a murine model of orthopedic infection revealed the highly promising potential of this coating system to reduce S. aureus infection‐related bone loss. This study takes the previous research on plasma‐based covalent functionalization of 2D surfaces a step further, with important implications for ushering in a new dimension in the biofunctionalization of 3D structures for applications in bone implants and beyond.