bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Carotene‐Loaded Pickering Emulsion‐Filled Gel: Role of Whey Protein‐Cress Seed Gum Nanoparticle and Sodium Alginate Gel in Physicochemical and In Vitro Gastrointestinal Behavior
Authors: Davtalab Maryam , Naji‐Tabasi Sara , Shahidi‐Noghabi Mostafa , Cerqueira Miguel A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, an emulsion‐filled gel (EFG) was developed and used for the delivery of β‐carotene. Pickering emulsions stabilized by whey protein‐cress seed gum (WPC‐CSG) nanoparticles were dispersed at three different concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) in a 4% sodium alginate network. To identify the optimal Pickering emulsion concentration, EFGs incorporating 10‐EFG, 15‐EFG, and 20‐EFG (corresponding to 10%, 15%, and 20% Pickering emulsions) were evaluated. Finally, the effect of CaCl2 concentrations (1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) on EFG properties was evaluated. Rheological studies revealed that adding 15% of Pickering emulsion formed a more elastic gel (G′ = 454.76 Pa) when compared with 10% and 20%. β‐carotene release from EFGs containing 20%, 15%, and 10% (v/v) Pickering emulsion was 83.66%, 87.33%, and 74.33%, respectively. 15% Stability studies demonstrate that the use of a gel significantly enhanced Pickering emulsion stability, extending it from two to five months.
The PRO‐AGE Tool and Its Association With Post Discharge Outcomes in Older Adults Admitted From the Emergency Department
Authors: Cohen Inessa , Curiati Pedro K. , Morinaga Christian V. , Han Ling , Gandhi Tanish , Araujo Katy , Avelino‐Silva Thiago J. , Bianco Luann M. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Capelli Sandra , Carpenter Christopher R. , Cruz Daniel S. , Dresden Scott M. , Fishman Ivy L. , Gipson Katrina , Gray Elizabeth , Hastings S. Nicole , Hung William W. , Kang Raymond , Lockhart Mechelle , Meeker Daniella , Ohuabunwa Ugochi , Ottilie‐Kovelman Sierra , Platts‐Mills Timothy F. , Sandoval Jacqueline , Sifnugel Natalia , Taylor Zachary , Tomasino Debra F. , Vaughan Camille P. , Aliberti Márlon J. R. , Hwang Ula 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundExisting risk scores assessing geriatric vulnerability in the emergency department (ED) have shown limited predictive power, especially in diverse populations. We investigated the relationship of a quick and easy‐to‐administer geriatric vulnerability scoring system with functional decline and mortality in older patients admitted to multiple hospitals through the ED in the United States (US) and Brazil (BR).MethodFederated, international, multicenter observational study of hospitalized ED patients aged ≥ 65 from US and BR. The six criteria from the PRO‐AGE score (Physical impairment, Recent hospitalization, Older age [≥ 90], Acute mental alteration, Getting thinner, and Exhaustion; 0–8; higher scores = greater vulnerability) were assessed on admission. We used proportional hazards models to investigate the relationships between PRO‐AGE score groups and 90‐day mortality and functional decline, defined as new dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL), after adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, Charlson comorbidity score, and study site. Death was considered a competing event for the functional decline outcome.ResultsA total of 1390 patients were included (US = 560; Brazil = 830). The 90‐day risk of death was higher for the upper compared with the lower (reference) PRO‐AGE group in both cohorts (US: HR = 11.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.56–54.04; BR: HR = 12.29; 95% CI = 3.54–42.59), whereas the risk of new 90‐day ADL disability was higher for upper (HR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.21–3.56) and middle groups (HR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.35–3.27) in the US but only the upper group in BR (HR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.02–2.85).ConclusionA higher PRO‐AGE score was associated with mortality and functional decline in older ED patients admitted to hospitals in the US and BR, demonstrating its generalizability as a geriatric vulnerability risk score.
Facial Skin Quality Improvement After Treatment With CPM‐HA20G: Clinical Experience in Korea
Authors: Park Je‐Young , Youn ChoonShik , Lee Chanwoo , Lee Kyou Chae , Shin Heawon , Yeom Kkot Bora , Park Juhyuk , Jung Sungkyu , Kim Joo Ha , Hong Wonkyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntradermal injection of CPM‐HA20G, a low‐viscoelasticity hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler with glycerol, has been shown to be effective for facial rejuvenation in Caucasians, but research in Asians is limited.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CPM‐HA20G in enhancing facial skin quality in Korean women using a protocol developed by local aesthetic experts.Patients/MethodsIn this 24‐week prospective, single‐arm, open‐label study, 20 women received CPM‐HA20G injections in the immediate subdermal layer on the anterior cheek (1 mL per side; total 2 mL) in three sessions every 4 weeks. Evaluations included biophysical assessments covering the four emergent perceptual categories (EPCs) for skin quality and subjective assessment using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.ResultsSignificant improvements in skin glow (skin gloss, epidermal hydration), skin firmness (dermal elasticity, dermal hydration), skin surface evenness (average pore volume, pore area, pore density, pore count, maximum pore depth, total pore volume, skin roughness, sebum secretion, and skin depression volume), skin tone evenness (skin color brightness, skin redness), and transepidermal water loss were observed at Week 12 and Week 24 following the first injection with CPM‐HA20G. Most subjects and investigators reported improvements in overall aesthetic appearance with the treatment, with a 100% improvement rating from both groups at Week 12. No serious adverse reactions were observed.ConclusionsOur study provides real‐world insights into the effectiveness and safety of CPM‐HA20G in improving facial skin quality in an Asian population, evaluated through both objective and subjective assessments.
A Combination of Conventional Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty and Percutaneous Nanofat Grafting in a Young Chinese Population With Eyelid Bags and Tear Trough Deformities
Authors: Liu Chuanbo , Wu Zhiyuan , Tang Liang , Zhang Zijing , Li Jinsheng , Sun Xiaofang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveA simple and minimally invasive combined procedure, including transconjunctival orbital fat removal and transcutaneous resected orbital fat injection, was performed based on the anatomical characteristics of the lower eyelids in our young Chinese patients. Our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of this procedure in our study population.MethodsIn our retrospective study, a total of 183 consecutive patients underwent a combination of traditional transconjunctival blepharoplasty and nanofat grafting between February 2020 and June 2024. After transconjunctival septal fat removal, the resected orbital fat was processed into fat emulsion (nanofat) and then injected percutaneously into the depressed tear trough zone.ResultsThe mean age of the 183 patients was 26.9 years old, and the average surgery time was 36.1 min. The mean volume of nanofat injected for bilateral lower eyelids in each patient was 1.1 mL. All the patients were followed for at least 6 months after surgery, and the subjective patient satisfaction was 96.6% (175/183) with fewer complications. In the objective assessment of the surgical outcomes according to the five anatomical elements of lower eyelids, orbital fat prolapse, tear trough depression and dark circles were all improved, orbicularis prominence was more evident, while skin elasticity did not vary significantly after operation.ConclusionOur study provided a simple, effective, and safe combination of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty and percutaneous nanofat grafting for the treatment of lower eyelid bags with high patient satisfaction, quick recovery and low complication rate. Thus, this combined application may be a promising alternative choice for the young Chinese with lower eyelid bags.
The Disturbed Microbial Niches of Itchy Scalp
Authors: Li Xuejing , Yang Fang , Ma Yingxin , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Menghui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundScalp itch without evident cause is an uncomfortable symptom that annoys many people in life but lacks adequate attention in academic.AimsTo investigate the relationship between scalp itching and microorganisms, and identify the key microbes and predicted functions associated with scalp itching, furtherly to provide useful targets for scalp itch solution.MethodsWe performed microbial comparison between 44 normal subjects and 89 subjects having scalp itching problem with un‐identified origin based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ddPCR (digital droplet PCR), and identified itch relevant microbes and predicted functions. To minimize false positive findings, another 43 itchy subjects were used for independent validation.ResultsThe three most abundant bacterial genus Cutibacterium, Lawsonella, Staphylococcus and predominant fungi Malassezia were not significantly different between the normal and itchy subjects, but an imbalance between Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus occurred in itchy scalp. As the predominant function contributor in the community, various Cutibacterium ASVs (amplicon sequence variants) were detected in itchy or normal subjects with low abundance and were subject specific. Some non‐resident microbes from environment such as Leptolyngbya ANT.L52.2 and Pseudomonas were enhanced in itchy scalp and occupied an important ecological niche. The severity of itch was alleviated when these low abundant and low subject coverage ASVs were reduced or diminished.ConclusionsOur findings raise the attention to (1) the ratio of Cutibacterium to Staphylococcus and (2) the low abundant bacteria on scalp, and provide potential solutions to ease scalp itch.
Insulin degludec 100 U/mL for treatment of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in dogs
Authors: Mott Jocelyn , Gal Arnon , Tardo Antonio Maria , Berg Alisa , Claude Riley , Hoelmer Alexis , Mui Mei Lun , Arjoonsingh Avin , Gilor Chen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe advantages of insulin degludec 100 U/mL (IDeg100) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) include consistent release, predictable glucose‐lowering effect, and minimal day‐to‐day variability.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the use of IDeg100 in dogs with DM, level of diabetic control and adverse effects.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned dogs with DM.MethodsA prospective, multi‐institutional, uncontrolled study of newly diagnosed or previously insulin‐treated, with or without comorbidities and with or without concurrent medications. Clinical signs and continuous glucose monitoring data were monitored and guided insulin dose adjustments. A per‐protocol analysis was performed.ResultsThe final dose of IDeg100 in dogs was 1.3 U/kg (median, range, 0.4‐2.2) achieved in 14 days (median, range, 3‐32). Seventy‐nine percent (26/33) of the dogs had comorbidities with 42% (11/26) having more than 1 comorbidity. Sixty‐four percent (21/33) of dogs were receiving concurrent medications with 62% (13/21) receiving more than 1 non‐insulin medication. Seventy‐six percent (25/33) were scored as having excellent/very good DM control. From baseline to study exit, dogs showed improvements in both ALIVE DM clinical score (from 3 [0‐8, 96.49% CI (2‐5)] to 1 [0‐7, 96.49% CI (1‐2)]; P = .0007) and average 3‐day interstitial glucose (from 332.8 ± 68.7 mg/dL, 95% CI [308.8‐357.2] to 229.0 ± 56.3 mg/dL [CI 209.0 ‐ 248.9]; P < .0001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInsulin degludec 100 U/mL is effective for the treatment of dogs with DM. Eighty‐four percent (28/33) of dogs responded to once daily dose of IDeg100 with low frequency of clinical hypoglycemia.
Value and Kinetics of Virological Markers in the Natural Course of Chronic Hepatitis D Virus Infection
Authors: Sandmann Lisa , Ohlendorf Valerie , Ehrenbauer Alena , Bremer Birgit , Kraft Anke R. M. , Cornberg Markus , Deterding Katja , Wedemeyer Heiner , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsChronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection can cause severe liver disease. With new treatment options available, it is important to identify patients at risk for liver‐related complications. We aimed to investigate kinetics and predictive values of novel virological and immunological markers in the natural course of chronic HDV infection.MethodsHBcrAg, HBV RNA and quantitative anti‐HBc were analysed in samples from HDV‐infected patients at three consecutive time points. Results were linked to clinical outcome by univariable and multivariable analyses. Primary endpoint was the composite endpoint of any liver‐related event.ResultsSamples from 190 individual patients were analysed with a median clinical follow‐up time of 2.69 (IQR 1.13–6.51) years. The majority of patients had cirrhosis (98/190, 52%), and the primary endpoint occurred in 33% (62/190). In univariable analysis, age, cirrhosis, lower quantitative anti‐HBc, higher ratio of HBcrAg/anti‐HBc and detectable HDV RNA were associated with the primary endpoint. In multivariable analysis, only the presence of liver cirrhosis (HR 7.74, p < 0.001) and age (1.06, p < 0.001) remained independently associated with the primary endpoint. Kinetics of virological parameters during follow‐up were similar between the groups. Quantitative anti‐HBc was significantly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis (687 (IQR 188–3388) IU/ml vs. 309 (IQR 82–924) IU/ml, p < 0.0004), and lower levels were independently associated with the development of the primary endpoint (HR 1.0, p = 0.014).ConclusionIn chronic HDV infection, neither baseline values nor kinetics of HBV RNA, HBcrAg and anti‐HBc were independently associated with clinical outcome, while stage of liver disease and age were predictors of liver‐related events.
A Case of Migraine Aura‐Like Visual Symptoms Responding to Lomerizine in a Patient With Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Nukui Takamasa , Yamamoto Mamoru , Ichimata Shojiro , Tamai Chisato , Sone Jun , Noguchi Kyo , Nakane Shunya , Nakatsuji Yuji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA 62‐year‐old man experienced lower left blindness lasting 30 min to 1 h for 5 years. Treatment with lomerizine decreased its frequency. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease by histological and genetic analysis. We consider two possibilities as follows: the visual symptoms are due to NIID and the visual symptoms and NIID are completely independent conditions that have coexisted by chance. The preventive effect of lomerizine on visual symptoms lasted for about 20 months from the start of treatment until his accidental death.
Consensus on Safe Initiation and Monitoring of Transanal Irrigation to Optimize Adherence With Therapy
Authors: Emmanuel Anton , Krogh Klaus , Perrouin‐Verbe Brigitte , Krassiukov Andrei , Koch Sacha , Mosiello Giovanni , Bazzocchi Gabriele , Christensen Peter , Rodriguez Gianna , Brugaletta Concetta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransanal irrigation is a well‐established minimally invasive therapy that addresses symptoms of both constipation and incontinence. The therapy has been extended from just neurogenic bowel dysfunction patients to those with disorders of brain–gut interaction and postsurgical conditions.AimTo summarized the literature on transanal irrigation and update the contraindication profile.Materials and MethodsWe undertook a literature review of transanal irrigation complications and outcomes.ResultsInitiation of therapy as part of a bowel care regime is becoming more common outside specialist centers. In addition, the concept of both high‐ and low‐volume irrigation schedules has entered the treatment paradigm, and it is clear that there is a differing safety profile. We present an update from the previous long list of contraindications.DiscussionWe describe how optimizing long‐term adherence depends on these factors in addition to a structured follow‐up programme.ConclusionTransanal irrigation is an increasingly used therapy, with a good safety profile, further improved by the advent of low‐volume irrigation options. Key to safe and effective usage of transanal irrigation is careful patient selection allied to tailored initial training of the patient.
MI‐Mamba: A hybrid motor imagery electroencephalograph classification model with Mamba's global scanning
Authors: Guo Minghan , Han Xu , Liu Hongxing , Zhu Jianing , Zhang Jie , Bai Yanru , Ni Guangjian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeep learning has revolutionized electroencephalograph (EEG) decoding, with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) being a predominant tool. However, CNNs struggle with long‐term dependencies in sequential EEG data. Models like long short‐term memory and transformers improve performance but still face challenges of computational efficiency and long sequences. Mamba, a state space model–based method, excels in modeling long sequences. To overcome the limitations of existing EEG decoding models and exploit Mamba's potential in EEG analysis, we propose MI‐Mamba, a model integrating CNN with Mamba for motor imagery (MI) data decoding. MI‐Mamba processes multi‐channel EEG signals through a single convolutional layer to capture spatial features in the local temporal domain, followed by a Mamba module that processes global temporal features. A fully connected, layer‐based classifier is used to derive classification results. Evaluated on two public MI datasets, MI‐Mamba achieves 80.59% accuracy in the four‐class MI task of the BCI Competition IV 2a dataset and 84.42% in the two‐class task of the BCI Competition IV 2b dataset, while reducing parameter count by nearly six times compared to the most advanced previous models. These results highlight MI‐Mamba's effectiveness in MI decoding and its potential as a new backbone for general EEG decoding.
Tumour‐Associated Macrophages in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chaurasia Akhilanand , Brigi Carel , Daghrery Arwa , Asa'ad Farah , Spirito Francesca , Hasuike Akira , González‐Alva Patricia , Kojic Dave D. , Ünsal Revan Birke Koca , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are crucial in the progression and treatment response of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). TAMs infiltrate OSCC, adopting an M2‐like phenotype that promotes tumour growth, metastasis and immune suppression. The current narrative review explored the roles of TAMs in OSCC, focusing on their impact on the tumour microenvironment, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and potential therapeutic targeting.MethodsA comprehensive analysis of the current literature on TAMs in OSCC was conducted. Specifically, we evaluated the biological functions of TAMs, their interactions within the tumour microenvironment, and their influence on disease progression and treatment outcomes.ResultsTAMs contribute to OSCC progression by secreting cytokines, such as IL‐10 and TGF‐β, that inhibit effector immune cells. They facilitate angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which are essential for tumour invasion and metastasis. TAMs support cancer stem cells and recruit regulatory T cells and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, enhancing resistance to therapies. Their presence correlates with advanced OSCC stages, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.ConclusionTAMs regulate OSCC progression and therapy resistance. Reprogramming them to an M1‐like phenotype or depleting them enhances treatments. Understanding TAM–OSCC interactions is crucial for developing interventions against their tumour‐promoting functions and restoring anti‐tumour immunity.
Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures in Adults With Improved Biplane Double‐Supported Screw Fixation and Femoral Neck System: Complications and Surgical Techniques
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Feng Xiwen , Ouyang Lingfei , Shu Shan , Zhuang Lebin , Gui Weichao , Zhang Sheng , Yao Zilong , Wang Gang , Liao Hua , Hu Jijie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTreating femoral neck fractures remains a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons and imposes a substantial economic burden on developing regions. Current novel internal fixation methods demonstrate excellent biomechanical performance. However, these new internal fixation methods are still associated with various complications. This study aimed to report the clinical complications of femoral neck system (FNS) and biplane double‐supported screw fixation (BDSF) treatments for femoral neck fractures at our institution and provide directions for selecting cost‐effective internal fixation methods.MethodsA retrospective case–control study of adult patients with femoral neck fractures treated with BDSF or FNS was conducted at Nanfang Hospital from April 2019 to April 2022. General medical records were collected both preoperatively and intraoperatively. Primary complication measures included osteonecrosis of the femoral head, nonunion, screw‐out, and subtrochanteric fractures, along with femoral neck shortening. The primary functional measure evaluated was the Harris hip score. This study employed t‐test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, and chi‐square test to statistically analyze the data.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between the BDSF and FNS groups in terms of surgery duration (60.8 ± 12.6 min vs. 71.0 ± 12.0 min), incision length (5.5 ± 1.2 cm vs. 9.1 ± 1.6 cm) and hospitalization costs (39563.8 ± 9086.4 RMB vs. 24960.4 ± 10154.4 RMB). No statistically significant differences between the BDSF and FNS groups were found in the baseline data, blood loss or hospital stay. Moderate femoral neck shortening was significantly less common in the BDSF group than in the FNS group (27.1% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.016). Postoperatively, no statistically significant differences in complication rates, such as femoral head necrosis, nonunion, subtrochanteric fractures or screw‐out, were observed between the BDSF and FNS groups.ConclusionsThis study revealed no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications such as femoral head necrosis, nonunion or screw cut‐out between BDSF and FNS. Although BDSF has drawbacks, such as a long learning curve and the potential to cause subtrochanteric fractures, it is cost‐effective and better maintains the length of the femoral neck. The modified BDSF technique may be more suitable for developing regions with limited health care budgets.
Higher PEPC activity and vein density contribute to improve cotton leaf water use efficiency under water stress
Authors: Lei Z. , Han J. , Yi X. , Luo X. , Zhang W. , He D. , Gong C. , Zhang Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plants with the C4 photosynthetic pathway can withstand water stress better than plants with C3 metabolism. However, it is unclear whether C4 photosynthesis can be preliminarily activated in droughted cotton leaves, and if this contributes to increase in water use efficiency (WUE).
An upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Xinluzao45) was used to determine gas exchange, stomatal and vein anatomy, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC) and Rubisco enzyme activity, and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) under well‐watered, mild or moderate water stress.
Water stress triggered reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and Rubisco activity, but higher vein density (VD), PEPC activity, and WUE. The correlations between δ13C and each of VD and PEPC activity implied that these coordinately contributed to higher leaf WUE via a preliminary induction of C4 photosynthetic pathway.
Preliminary C4 photosynthesis indicated by more PEPC enzyme and veins offers an effective way to improve leaf WUE and potentially aids in acclimation to adverse growing conditions.