bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing-In and Seeing Fictionally
Authors: Walton Kendall L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Richard Wollheim ‘s writings on pictorial representation combine philosophical enquiry into the nature of the medium—enquiry involving issues of philosophy of mind and language, as well as aesthetics—with examination of the place that painting and other visual arts have in our lives and critical observations about individual works and particular artistic styles. He brings to this multifaceted enterprise a rare combination of philosophical sophistication and aesthetic perceptiveness. The philosophical side of Wollheim ‘s work is dominant in Art and Its Objects; aesthetic and critical considerations come to the fore in Painting as an Art. But both are evident in both books, and all of his work on the visual arts is sensitive in both directions.
Strangulation in Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Taliaferro Ellen , Hawley Dean , McClane George , Strack Gael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strangulation is a common form of intimate partner violence (IPV) assault often over-looked or minimized by victims as well as professionals. Strangulation survivors who appear to be stable can harbor insidious injuries associated with high morbidity and mortality if not recognized and treated in a timely fashion. Strangulation is the correct term to use for manual and ligature strangulation, but lay persons may still use the word choking. The pathophysiology of strangulation assault or death usually is asphyxiation produced not by airway compromise, but by vascular compromise in the neck. Survivors of strangulation assault can manifest a variety of signs and symptoms.
Medical and Forensic Documentation
Authors: Buel Sarah M , Hirst Eliza M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Documenting intimate partner violence (IPV) accurately (including injuries and statements made by patients) not only enhances patient care, but may also be a key evidentiary component to civil and criminal cases resulting from violence. When practitioners become aware of IPV, they must be knowledgeable of abuse reporting requirements in their jurisdiction, as well as how to help victims plan for safety (with local resources and strategies for survival). Practitioners may be required to undermine patient autonomy and informed consent to protect patient safety or comply with mandatory IPV reporting laws. The National Domestic Violence Hotline, 1-800-799-SAFE, is a useful resource for practitioners and survivors.
Adolescent Relationship Violence
Authors: Knox Lyndee , Lomonaco, Carmela , Alpert Elaine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In national and state level surveys, between 10% and 20% of girls and boys report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) or relationship violence (RV), with higher rates among vulnerable populations such as homeless youth, minority youth, pregnant and parenting teens, and also youth from rural communities. These figures likely underestimate the problem. Adolescent RV is underreported by public health systems, and its relationship to other forms of youth violence, such as school violence, is not understood and often not recognized. Although rates of victimization and perpetration reported by girls and boys are similar, significant differences exist between the genders in the type and severity of the violence and reasons for use of violence in an intimate relationship.
Introduction
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume brings together articles that discuss certain refinements and additions to the universal hierarchy of clausal functional projections proposed in Cinque (1999). The first four chapters offer some reasons for concluding that, in addition to affixes, particles, auxiliaries, and adverbs, there is another important source of evidence for the hierarchy of functional projections, namely the syntax of “restructuring” verbs. Analyzing such verbs as functional not only affords, I think, a deeper understanding of the “restructuring” phenomenon but also allows one to check (subparts of) the overall order of heads filling in certain aspects of it that were left underdetermined by the other sources of evidence or had simply gone unnoticed. The remaining chapters discuss some general issues concerning the hierarchy and address certain objections that have been leveled against it. Chapter 6 reconsiders the analysis of circumstantial PPs adopted in Cinque (1999: § 1.5), arguing that even these elements enter a universal hierarchy whose rigid order is in many cases obscured by subsequent movements.1 The picture of the clause that emerges, I think, is one in which not only advPs but also complements and adjunct PPs are merged in the specifier positions of rigidly ordered, dedicated, functional projections above the “lexical” core of the clause, V(P), and in which any cross-linguistic word order difference is, in the spirit of Kayne (1994), a consequence of different types of leftward movements of V(P).2
The Interaction of Passive, Causative, and “Restructuring” in Romance
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I want to show how the hierarchy of functional projections investigated in Cinque (1999) provides an unforeseen solution to a puzzle of Romance syntax: the selective application of passive to verbs that trigger “restructuring” (or “clause reduction”).’ As Aissen and Perlmutter (1983: 390ft) observed, in “clause reduction” contexts the object of the embedded verb should quite generally become the subject of the matrix verb when the latter is passivized. This is indeed the case in Spanish, with such verbs as terminar and acabar ‘finish’ (cf. [1] and [2], their [P32] and [P33]), but is, unexpectedly, not possible with the majority of “clause reduction” triggers (see, for example, [3] and [4], their [P36] and [P37]): As Aissen and Perlmutter (1983: 391f) observe, “[t]he subclass of Clause Union triggers that allow passives like (lb) and (2b) seems to be roughly the class that specifies the end point of an action. We have no explanation for this, which we assume to be a language-particular fact that needs to be stated in the grammar of Spanish. Thus we assume that there are languages in which Passive in Clause Union structures is not limited to a small subclass of Clause Union triggers.”
The Transfer Of N Onresponsibility
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ancient times-some fifteen years ago-I suggested that Frankfurt-type examples call into question the principle of transfer of nonresponsibility (which I then called, a bit too narrowly, the “principle of transfer of blamelessness,” following John Taurek’s usage in his fascinating Ph.D. dissertation at UCLA in 1972).1 In the introductory essay to my anthology, Moral Responsibility, I presented a somewhat informal version of Peter van lnwagen’s modal principle (which he called principle “B”), and (following van lnwagen) explained how it could be employed as part of a “direct” argument for the incompatibility of causal determinism and moral responsibility (i.e., an argument for the incompatibility claim that does not employ the claim that causal determinism rules out alternative possibilities):
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Authors: Kuo Alex C M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Release agents, rubber molds, sealants and gaskets, surfactants, water repellents, masonry coating, adhesives, process aids, foam control agents, biomedical devices, personal care and cosmetics, medicinal, pharmaceuticals, dielectric encapsulation, greases, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, fuser oil, polish and coatings, paper coating. Properties of Special Interest Thermal stability, low temperature performance, and minimal temperature effect. Good resistance to UV radiation. Excellent release properties and surface activity. High permeability to gases. Good damping behavior, anti-friction, and lubricity. Hydrophobic and physiological inertness. Shear stability, weak intermolecular forces, and excellent dielectric strength. Low volatility at high molecular weight and high volatility at low molecular weight.
Polyesters of Ricinoleic Acid and Lactic Acid
Authors: Vaisman Boris , Shikanov Ariella , Domb Abraham J , Langer R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Properties of Special Interest Polyester copolymers of ricinoleic acid (RA) with lactic acid (LA) degrade in physiological medium giving an almost zero-order weight loss, with a 20–40% loss after 60 days of incubation. Lactic acid release to the degradation solution is proportional to weight loss of the polymer samples. The main decrease in molecular weight was observed during the first 20 days, followed by a slow degradation phase, which kept the number average molecular weight constant for another 40 days. These polymer matrices are suitable for delivery of both water-soluble and hydrophobic drugs.
Poly(ether ether ketone)
Authors: Fried J R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications General-purpose molding and extrusion polymer for high-performance applications, especially as resin for carbon fiber composites. Examples include chemical resistant tubing and electrical insulation, automotive bearings, pump and valve construction for corrosive applications, and compressor valve plates. Properties of Special Interest Good abrasion resistance; low flammability and emission of smoke and toxic gases; low water absorption; resistance to hydrolysis, wear, solvents, radiation, and high-temperature steam; ease of processing and excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties at high temperatures.
Poly(ether sulfone)
Authors: Wu Sizhu , Madkour Tarek M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Medical and household appliances that are sterilizable by hot air and steam such as corrosion-resistant piping. Also used in electric and electronic applications such as television components. Used as membranes for reverse gas streams and gas separation. Properties of Special Interest High performance thermoplastic of relatively low flammability. Amorphous, high-creep resistance, and stable electrical properties over wide temperature and frequency ranges. Transparent with good thermal and hydrolytic resistance.
Polygermanes
Authors: West Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Properties of Special Interest Polygermane polymers, with their main chain consisting entirely of germanium atoms, resemble polysilanes in showing properties resulting from delocalization of the sigma-electrons along the polymer backbone. Thus the polygermanes have strong UV absorption bands, are thermochromic and photoactive, and become semiconducting when doped with SbF5. Polysilane-polygermane copolymers have also been prepared, and are of interest as possible superlattice polymers. Listed below are known polygermanes and copolymers, with selected properties. For an overview of properties of polygermanes, see reference 1.
Poly(hydridosilsesquioxane)
Authors: Lin Gui , Baney Ronald H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Structure [HSiO1.5]n (n &gt; 3, such as 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,18). The structure of poly(hydridosilsesquioxanes) depends upon the preparation of methods, The structure is a function of the concentration of the initial monomer, the nature of the solvent, the nature of the hydrolysable substituents, the concentration of water, the temperature, the type of catalyst, and the nature of the non-hydrolysing substituent. The structure may include ladder structures, cage structures (oligomer), and partial cage structures (bridged) (1,2) and tube-like structure(3).
Polypentenamer
Authors: Galiatsatos Vassilios 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Synthesis Ring-opening polymerization of cyclopentene. Trans-polypentenamer is produced by Ziegler-Natta polymerization employing a catalyst based on aluminum triethyl/tungsten hexachloride compound. Aluminum diethylchloride/molybdenum pentachloride compounds may be employed to produce the cis isomer. Both macrocycles and linear chains are produced during polymerization.
Polyphosphazenes
Authors: Allcock Harry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are more that 700 different polyphosphazenes known, all of which have different engineering properties. Applications have been developed as hydrophobic and superhydrophobic materials, hydrogels, optical and photonic materials, solid and gel polymer electrolytes, high performance elastomers, membranes, and as fire resistant materials. Most are stable in the atmosphere and to aqueous media, and a few are bioerodible via hydrolysis mechanisms and are the basis of tissue engineering and drug delivery procedures.
Poly(propylene oxide)
Authors: Yuan-Huffman Qingwen Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Polymerization None Ring-opening polymerization 1 Typical copolymersNone Ethylene oxide–propylene oxide copolymer 2 Solvents None Benzene, ethanol, dioxane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, chloroform, 3 tetrahydrofuran, methanol (hot), acetone
Polypropylene, syndiotactic
Authors: Myers Charles L , Dimeska Anita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Films and packaging, medical applications, adhesive applications, and as a resin modifier in blends. Metallocene syndiotactic polypropylene grades are now commercially available. Properties of Special Interest Transparency, flexibility, toughness, heat seal temperature, radiation stability, broad melt processing range, high melt strength, and low level of extractables.(1−5)
Polyquinoline
Authors: Kulkarni Amit S , Rane Shrish , Beaucage Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Polyquinoline can be processed into films and fibers and can be spin-coated as an ideal choice for high-performance films, electronic coatings, as a matrix for high-performance composites, and as an interlayer dielectric substrate in multi-chip modules. Properties of Special Interest The structure of polyquinolines can be altered from semi-rigid to a rigid-rod conformation during synthesis. Although largely an amorphous polymer, some substituted rigid rod members exhibit crystallinity in low amounts.
Poly(silphenylene-siloxanes)
Authors: Dvornic Petar R , Owen Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Precursors for elastomers having increased thermal and thermo-oxidative stability while retaining low glass transition temperatures (that is gaskets sealants, O-rings). Established method of increasing chain stiffness of polysiloxanes. Gas semi-permeable membranes with increased separation ability at retained high permeability (relative to polysiloxanes). Have been used as laminate impregnating resins in electrical insulation applications where heat resistance is required and as stationary phases for high temperature gas chromatography to improve separation and reduce peak tailing and column bleed.
Polystyrene
Authors: Pu Zhengcai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications One of the most widely used plastics, having applications in industries of packaging, appliances, construction, automobiles, electronics, furniture, toys, house wares, and luggage (1–3). Properties of Special Interest Crystal clear thermoplastic, hard, rigid, free of odor and taste, ease of heat fabrication, thermal stability, low specific gravity, excellent thermal and electrical properties for insulating purpose, and low cost (4–6).
Poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (unsaturated and hydrogenated)
Authors: Weaver Juan T , Shankar Ravi , Spontak Richard J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Used frequently in synthetic elastomers, pressure sensitive adhesives, and membranes; blended frequently with homopolymers such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) to impart elastomeric properties.
Polythiophene
Authors: Kulkarni Amit S , Rane Shrish , Beaucage Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Polythiophenes and substituted polythiophenes are utilized in a variety of applications where their conducting properties pose an advantage. They are currently used as anti-static coatings and as films. Research is being done to explore their use in electrochromic and electroluminescent devices. They have also shown promise as materials for biosensors and storage batteries. They are used in making Schottky barrier diodes and field effect transistors.
Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Lin Gui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications PTT is expected to find industrial applications where PET and PBT are currently dominated such as in the electrical, electronics, automotive, furniture industry. It also has an important application in the textile industry and has been a promising engineering thermoplastic, which that can be spun into both fibers and yarns and has extensive applications in carpeting, textiles and apparel, engineering thermoplastics, nonwovens, films and mono-filament.(1) Properties of Special Interest PTT contains the property highlights of both PET and PBT. It has the physical properties of PET including strength, stiffness, toughness, and heat resistance, along with the good processing properties of PBT, such as low melt and mold temperatures and rapid crystallization, and good injection molding properties. Resilience, elastic recovery, superior dyeing ability.
Polyurea
Authors: Ramanathan L S , Sivaram S , Mishra Munmaya K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications The most important practical applications of polyurea elastomers are in the production of automobile parts. High-modulus RIM (reaction-injection molded) and RRIM (reinforced reaction-injection molded) polyureas are suitable for producing high-impact external body panels. It is also useful in the forming microporous films for artificial leather. Ultrathin membranes of polyurea are used in water desalination by reverse osmosis. Polyureas are effective in making lubricant greases, medical equipment and artificial organs. Polyurea is also applied as a wall material for encapsulating drugs, pesticides, catalysts, and other products. Properties of Special Interest Polyurea fibres have high melting points, low specific gravity, excellent dyeability, and good acid and alkaline resistance. Polyurea coatings have lower solvent and better water resistance compared to polyurethanes. They have good blood compatibility.
Polyurethane
Authors: Ramanathan L S , Sivaram S , Mishra Munmaya K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Polyurethane flexible foams find applications in protective packaging, gaskets, textile laminates, protective cushioning in automobiles, and two component injection-grouting resins. Rigid polyurethane foams are used as thermal insulating materials in refrigerators, freezers, and water heaters. It is also used as a roof proofing material. Properties of Special Interest Excellent dampening property, good mechanical and physical properties even at low temperatures, high combustion resistance, and low thermal conductivity.
Polyurethane Elastomers
Authors: Ramanathan L S , Sivaram S , Mishra Munmaya K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Polyurethane elastomers find applications in adhesives, laminates for textiles, covering of conveyor and drive belts, welded bodies, roof underlay sheeting, magnetic tape coatings, water line tubing, and ski boot manufacture. Elastomeric RIM polyurethanes are useful in making automotive parts such as bumpers and fascia. Reinforced RIM polyurethane has been used for car windows door panels and wind shields. Foamed elastomeric polyurethanes are also used in making automotive parts such as arm rests, steering wheels, and rear deck air domes. Properties of Special Interest Excellent toughness and wear resistance with a broad temperature range for use. Polyurethane has good blood and tissue compatibility.
Poly(vinylidene chloride)
Authors: Andrady Anthony L , Kloczkowski Andrzej , Sen Taner Z , Ahunbay M Göktuğ 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Homopolymer and copolymers usually with vinyl chloride (VC), or methyl acrylate (MA) used in solvent-based or latex barrier coatings on cellophane, paperboard, plastic film, and rigid food containers. Films of copolymer used as household cling wrap. Also used with other polymers in multilayer barrier films or containers mostly in packaging applications. Also used in fibers and adhesives.
Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)
Authors: Ko John H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Application Additives (clarifying agent, stabilizing agent, viscosity modifier), adhesives, agriculture products, coatings (paints and surface coatings, inks, paper printing); personal care products (detergent, shampoos, toothpastes, hair spraying agent, dye); medical devices (contact lenses, lubricious coating, biocompatibility coating, complex, blood plasma expander); pharmaceuticals (control release as a binder in many pharmaceutical tablets, stabilizer for polymerization, thickener), Active Ingredients and Advanced Intermediates. The main products are caffeine, povidone iodine; ink-jet papers and transparencies, inks for inkjet printers, photography.
Sulfo-ethylene-propylene-diene Monomer Ionomers
Authors: Longworth Ruskin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Thermoplastics as an engineering plastic, usually reinforced with glass fiber, and used for automobile parts, electrical and electronic parts. SPS neat resin film is available for sheet and tape. Properties of Special Interest Crystalline engineering plastics starting from a commodity monomeric material of styrene. Quite different properties compared to conventional amorphous polystyrene. High melting point (463 K) and good solvent resistance. Excellent electrical properties with low dielectric loss. High heat deflection temperature, low water absorption and hydrolytic resistance. Excellent dimensional precision during injection molding because of equal density of amorphous and crystalline parts.
Reality, What Matters, And The Matrix
Authors: Vasiliou Iakovos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Matrix is, at its core, a film with a moral plot. Like the heroes, the viewers are in on a secret: the “reality” that forms the lives of millions of human beings is not real. The world that seems real to most people is in fact a computer-generated simulation, but almost no one knows it. In reality, human beings are floating in liquid in machine pods, with tubes connected to them in a grotesque post-apocalyptic world where the sun is blotted out. To the average person, of course, it seems to be the ordinary world of 1999.
Neo’s Freedom ... Whoa!
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Matrix provides a fine resource for illustrating philosophical ideas. Many films have themes that one can philosophize about, or that serve as useful illustrations of philosophical ideas, such as the wonderful Sophie’s Choice or Sheltering Sky. But The Matrix offers more than this. It belongs in a special class of films, including Blade Runner, Total Recall, Crimes and Misdemeanors, A Clockwork Orange, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, and The Truman Show. All of these films are intentionally philosophical. Each shows how richly philosophical themes can be developed through cinema. Perhaps the best of these films is The Matrix.
Wake Up! Worlds Of Illusion In Gnosticism, Buddhism, And The Matrix Project
Authors: Wagner Rachel , Flannery-Dailey Frances 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first film of The Matrix series, a black-clad computer hacker known as Neo falls asleep in front of his computer. A mysterious message appears on the screen: “Wake up, Neo” (Matrix). This succinct phrase encapsulates the plot of the film and its sequels, as Neo struggles with the problem of being imprisoned in a “material” world that is actually a computer simulation program created in the distant future by artificial intelligence (AI) as a means of enslaving humanity by perpetuating ignorance in the form of an illusory perception called “the Matrix.” The films in the Matrix trilogy, as well as the accompanying Animatrix shorts and Enter the Matrix game, craft their ultimate view of reality in part by alluding to numerous religious traditions. Two specific religious traditions on which the films draw heavily are Gnostic Christianity and Buddhism.