bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sales data of a supermarket – a tool for monitoring nutrition interventions
Authors: Närhinen Maria , Nissinen Aulikka , Puska Pekka 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to examine the daily variations in sales data for individual food items in a supermarket and to assess the usefulness of the computerized sales data of supermarkets for reliable monitoring and evaluation of shopping behaviour.Design:Longitudinal observational study.Setting:The study was carried out in one supermarket in Mikkeli, Finland. Seventy-nine packed food items from food groups important for salt and fat intake were monitored. In all food groups both ‘healthier’ and ‘reference’ products were included for assessment of both direct sales and proportional sales. The sales data were collected daily for 2 months in May and September 1996 by reading the European Article Numbering (EAN) codes of the packed foods.Results:The proportional sales turned out to be a more stable and useful measure than the direct sales data and the variation remained the same when the monitoring time was increased from 1 week to 1 month.Conclusion:Proportional sales data are proposed as a tool for measuring the effect of nutrition interventions and also as a possible indirect assessment for population salt and fat intake.
Development and testing of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in Kerala, India
Authors: Hebert James R , Gupta Prakash C , Bhonsle Ramesh B , Murti PR , Mehta Hemali , Verghese Florence , Aghi Mira , Krishnaswamy Kamala , Mehta Fali S 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To develop and test a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in rural areas of Kerala, India.Design:Based on food use and market surveys of the study area, a quantitative 81-item interviewer-administered FFQ was developed. A validation study was conducted consisting of 24-h diet recalls (24HR) administered on 8 days randomly selected over an entire year and two administrations of the FFQ, one at the beginning of the l-year period and the other at the end. FFQ and 24HR-derived nutrient scores were compared using correlation and regression analyses and by examining differences in the nutrient scores.Setting:Rural villages in Ernakulum district, Kerala, South India.Subjects:In each of 30 households, the male head of household and female food preparer were enrolled.Results:Pearson (parametric) correlation coefficients (rp) averaged about 0.50 in comparing nutrient scores derived from the 24HR with those from the first FFQ and about 0.55 in comparing the second FFQ. On average, Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were slightly lower than the rp in comparing the scores derived from the first FFQ, but virtually identical for the second FFQ. Regression analyses indicated better agreement in the comparison of the 24HR-derived scores with the first FFQ than the second FFQ. Difference scores, however, tended to be larger in comparing the first FFQ scores with the 24HR.Conclusions:This FFQ produces results broadly comparable to those used in Europe and North America, indicating its suitability for comparing exposures within a study population in reference to health-related endpoints.
Alcohol consumption and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast: a case–cohort study
Authors: Rohan Thomas E , Jain Meera , Miller Anthony B 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To study the association between alcohol consumption and risk of benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED) of the breast (conditions which are thought to have premalignant potential).Design:Case–cohort study.Setting:The study was undertaken within the 56, 537 women in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) who completed self-administered dietary questionnaires. (The NBSS is a randomized controlled trial of screening for breast cancer in women aged 40–59 years at recruitment.)Subjects:The study subjects were the 657 women in the dietary cohort who were diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed incident BPED. For comparative purposes, a subcohort consisting of a random sample of 5681 women was selected from the full dietary cohort. After exclusions for various reasons, the analyses were based on 557 cases and 5028 non-cases.Results:When compared to non-drinkers, rate ratios (95%CI) for those consuming >0 and ≤10 g of ethanol day−1,>10 and≤20 g day−1, >20 and ≤30 g day1 and >30 g day1 were 0.35(0.27–0.45), 0.26(0.18–0.39), 0.29(0.18–0.48), and 0.23(0.13–0.40), respectively (the associated P value for the trend was 0.089). Similar findings were obtained from analyses conducted separately in the screened and control arms of the NBSS, in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and for non-atypical and atypical forms of BPED, and there was little difference between the results for screen-detected and interval-detected BPED.Conclusions:Alcohol consumption was associated with a non-dose-dependent reduction in risk of BPED
Intake of fruits, vegetables, folic acid and related nutrients and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Authors: Thorand Barbara , Kohlmeier Lenore , Simonsen Naal , Croghan Carry , Thamm Michael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To determine the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary intake of folic acid and related nutrients such as methionine, cysteine and alcohol in the aetiology of breast cancer.Design:Population based case-control study.Setting:Part of the European Community Multicentre Study on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Cancer of the Breast (EURAMIC) in Berlin, Germany.subjects:As part of the EURAMIC study, dietary intake data were collected in 43 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer between 191 and 1992 in Berlin, Germany, and compared to 106 population-based controls.Results:Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for major risk factors of breast cancer but not for total energy intake showed a non-significant inverse association between a high intake of vegetables (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.48–1.20) and fruits (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.48–1.15) and breast cancer. Once results were adjusted for total energy intake the associations became much weaker (vegetables: OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.51–1.46; fruits: OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.51–1.32). For all nutrients, the effect of energy adjustment was more profound and the inverse associations disappeared when results were adjusted for energy intake (total folate—not energy adjusted: OR=0.79, 95% CI=O.51–1.21; energy adjusted: OR=1.14, 95% CI=0.73–1.79; folate equivalents-not energy adjusted: OR=0.81, 95% CI= 0.53–1.23; energy adjusted: OR=1.16, 95% CI=0.78–1.74; methionine—not energy adjusted: OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.35–1.03; energy adjusted: OR=1.29, 95% CI=0.76–2.19; cysteine—not energy adjusted: OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.29–0.94; energy adjusted: OR=1.22, 95% CI=0.75–1.97). Alcohol intake was inversely associated with breast cancer in a non-significant way, possibly due to the relatively low alcohol intake of the study population.Conclusions:The results of this study do not provide firm evidence that a high intake of fruits and vegetables, folic acid, methionine or cysteine reduces the risk of getting breast cancer.
Food consumption patterns in the adult population of the Basque Country (EINUT-I)
Authors: Aranceta J , Rodrigo C Pérez , Eguileor I , Marzana I , de Galdeano L González , de Buruaga J Saenz 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:Dietary surveys are a valuable tool in nutrition surveillance programmes to monitor the nutritional status of a group or population of a country. The objective of this study was to assess the food consumption pattern in the adult population of the Basque Country (Spain).Design:A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in 1990. Dietary habits were assessed by means of ‘24-h recall’ during 3 non-consecutive days and a food frequency questionnaire.Setting:Population survey in the Basque Country (Spain).Subjects:Random sample of the adult population (25–60 years) in the Basque Country (n=2348).Results:Results draw a food pattern characterized by a high consumption of meat, 163±3.04 g day−1(mean±SEM), supplied mainly by poultry, butchery products, veal and fish (88±2.68 g day−1). The average consumption of milk and dairy products was 359±5.19 g day−1, although 39% of the sample did consume less than 2 portions from this group of foods daily. Olive oil was the most widely used fat for cooking (4i%), followed by sunflower seed oil (30%). Cereals supplied 21.5% of the average energy intake and the consumption of vegetables and garden products was 159±3.13 g day−1. Only 29% of the group usually had 2 or more portions of vegetables per day. Women consumed higher amounts of chocolate, cookies, sweets and coffee (P < 0.01) than men. Younger adults consumed more meat (P < 0.01), while the older community consumed more fish, vegetables and fruit (P < 0.01). More highly educated people consumed more dairy products, vegetables and butter (P < 0.01). Conversely, less educated people consumed higher amounts of olive oil, pulses and bread (P < 0.01).Conclusions:The dietary pattern observed in the Basque Country, although in keeping with its traditions, is in harmony with the actual dietary trends in Mediterranean countries. In order to satisfy the dietary guidelines suggested by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition, it would be desirable to gradually increase the consumption of vegetables, fresh garden produce, fruit and cereals. At the same time, it would be advisable to decrease the consumption of animal products (whole fat dairy products, meat, added fats) so the proportion of energy intake from fat can be reduced by 5% (3% from saturated fatty acids).
Predicting percentage of individuals consuming foods from percentage of households purchasing foods to improve the use of household budget surveys in estimating food chemical intakes
Authors: Lambe Joyce , Kearney John , Becker Wulf , Hulshof Karin , Dunne Adrian , Gibney Michael J 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To examine the hypothesis that there is sufficient agreement between percentage of households purchasing selected foods using household budget surveys and percentage of individuals consuming these foods as determined in individual-based surveys to allow the former to act as a surrogate for the latter when estimating food chemical intakes using household budget data.Design:Database study.Setting:Databases from Sweden, The Netherlands, Ireland and the UK.Subjects:319 foods (Sweden n=60, The Netherlands n=80, Ireland n=90, UK n=89).Results:Pearson correlations demonstrated a high degree of linear association between % households purchasing and % consumers (r=0.86). Regression analysis defined a close positive relationship between the two datasets (slope 0.95, intercept +2.74). Across countries, using the regression equation, the % households predicted % consumers to within 5% of the true value for between 33 and 48% of foods and to within 10% for between 53 and 78% of foods.Conclusions:Values for % households can be used as a crude surrogate for % consumers and can thus play a role in improving estimates of food additive intake.
Reducing iron deficiency anaemia due to heavy menstrual blood loss in Nigerian rural adolescents
Authors: Barr Fiona , Brabin Loretta , Agbaje Shola , Buseri Fiekumo , Ikimalo John , Briggs Nimi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:Menstrual disorders are common in young women, and heavy menstrual blood losses (MBL) are an important cause of anaemia. Menstrual morbidity normally goes untreated in developing countries where cultural barriers also serve to mask the problems. We investigated the prevalence of menstrual morbidity, and measured MBL and its relationship to iron deficiency in a rural adolescent population. The rationale was to assess whether or not reducing heavy MBL could be part of a strategy to reduce iron deficiency anaemia.Setting:Rural village in south-east Nigeria.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Subjects:The study included all non-pregnant, unmarried nulliparous girls (< 20 years) who had menstruated, and who lived in K'Dere village.Methods:A field worker allocated to each girl completed a questionnaire, and supervised recovery and collection of soiled pads and ensured blood sampling. MBL was measured using the standard alkaline haematin method. Haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, transferrin saturation and protoporphyrin levels (ZPP) were also measured.Results:307 girls completed MBL measurements; 11.9% refused to participate. 12.1% had menorrhagia (> 80 ml); median MBL was 33.1 ml. Menorrhagia was more frequent in girls who had menstruated for > 2 years (P= 0.048), and had longer duration of menses (P< 0.001). Iron status as measured by haematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation and ZPP values was inversely related to MBL. Neither height nor body mass index for age was associated with current iron status.Conclusions:The level of menorrhagia detected (12%) may be an ‘expected’ level for a condition which often has no underlying pathology. Heavy MBL is one of the most important factors contributing to iron deficiency anaemia. Measures are needed to alleviate menstrual disorders, and improve iron status. Oral contraceptives can be part of a strategy to reduce anaemia, particularly for adolescents at high risk of unwanted pregnancies.
The validation of physical activity instruments for measuring energy expenditure: problems and pitfalls
Authors: Rennie Kirsten L , Wareham Nicholas J 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To review and categorize the problems associated with undertaking physical activity validation studies and to construct a checklist against which any study could be compared.Results:The studies reviewed demonstrated problems in defining the dimension of physical activity that is of interest and in the selection of an appropriate comparison technique. Ideally this should be closely related to the true exposure of interest and assess that exposure objectively and without correlated error from the study instrument in question. In many studies inappropriate comparison methods have been chosen which do not measure the true underlying exposure and which are likely to have correlated error. The choice of study populations, the frame of reference of the exposure measurement and the use of appropriate statistical methods are also problematic areas.Conclusions:There is no ideal measurement instrument or validation study design that is suitable for all situations. However, the checklist in this paper provides a means whereby the appropriateness of studies already undertaken or at the planning stage can be assessed.
Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor‐α, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in hyperstimulated rat ovary
Authors: Ozcakir Hasan Tayfun , Giray Seren Gulsen , Ozbilgin Mahmut Kemal , Uyar Yýldýz , Lacin Selman , Caglar Husnu 
Published: August 2005

Objective.  The aim of the present study is to figure out the immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hyperstimulated rat ovaries.Methods.  Twenty Wistar‐Albino adult female rats (250–300 g) were taken into the study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups, each containing 10 rats: (i) stimulation group and (ii) control group. In the stimulation group, a stimulation regimen was administered to induce follicular maturity and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) at the end using a 30‐IU follicle‐stimulating hormone that was administered subcutaneously for 4 consecutive days, followed by a 30‐IU human chorionic gonadotropin on day 5 to induce ovulation. The rats, in the control group, received 0.2 ml of 0.9% NaCl for 5 consecutive days to mimic the conditions of the study animals. At the end of the treatment period, all rats underwent ovariectomy and the sections of ovaries were stained for the TGF‐α, EGF, and VEGF.Results.  The expression of TGF‐α, EGF, and VEGF in the endothelium, the stroma, the granulosa cells, and the corpus luteum was found to be significantly higher in the stimulated group, compared to that in the control group ( p < 0.05).Conclusion.  TGF‐α, EGF, and VEGF are found to have increased in the hyperstimulated ovaries and this finding seems to be involved in the OHSS pathogenesis.
Nitric oxide increases endocervical secretion at the ovulatory phase in the female
Authors: Mörlin Birgitta , Hammarström Margareta 
Published: August 2005

Background.  Uterine cervical mucus is crucial for reproduction, facilitating sperm transport and survival in certain mammals. Cholinergic autonomic nervous secretory innervation has been established, and modulation of secretion by prostaglandins and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs has been postulated. It has been suggested that glandular nitric oxide (NO) production is a prerequisite for the autonomic cholinergic nervous modulation of cervical, endometrial, and the seminal vesicle secretion in the guinea pig. Most secretory genital tract cells, female as well as male, seem to display NO synthase activity.Methods.  Cervical secretion at ovulation time was studied in 10 women with regular menstruation. In an in vivo model with repeated collection of mucus samples during four 60‐min periods, the amount of mucus was estimated in a control experimental series and in an experimental series following sublingual administration of the NO donor nitroglycerin.Results.  This nitroglycerin administration markedly increased cervical secretion, while no changes in cervical secretion were seen in the control experimental series.Conclusions.  The results suggest that glandular NO production increases cervical secretion. Thus, cervical secretion may, apart from hormonal regulation, be influenced by the autonomic nervous system, and in addition, NO may be a prerequisite for this influence. This in turn may have implications on fertilization and fertility regulation.
Prevalence, clinical spectrum and atypical symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in Argentina: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: CHIOCCA J. C. , OLMOS J. A. , SALIS G. B. , SOIFER L. O. , HIGA R. , MARCOLONGO M. ,   THE ARGENTINEAN GASTRO‐OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX STUDY GROUP
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground:  Population‐based data on gastro‐oesophageal reflux in Latin America are lacking.Aim:  To assess gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptom prevalence, clinical spectrum and association with the atypical symptoms in our country.Methods:  Gastro‐oesophageal reflux self‐report questionnaires validated at Mayo Clinic, USA, were submitted to a sample of 1000 residents (aged 18–80 years) from 17 representative geographical areas of Argentina. The samples were selected and stratified according to age, gender, geographical areas and size of town of residence provided by the Argentine Bureau of Statistics and Census.Results:  The overall prevalence of any typical gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptom experienced in the previous year was 61.2% (95% CI, 57.9–64.6), the prevalence of frequent gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms was 23.0% (95% CI, 20.1–25.9) and the prevalence of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease was 11.9% (95% CI, 9.6–14.1). Frequent gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms were associated with dysphagia (OR 2.12, 95% CI, 1.27–3.54, P < 0.01), globus (OR 2.22, 95% CI, 1.35–3.66, P < 0.01) and non‐cardiac chest pain (OR 1.55, 95% CI, 1.04–2.31, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  In Argentina, typical symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux are highly prevalent at the national level, and frequent gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms are significantly associated with dysphagia, globus and non‐cardiac chest pain.
Cytomics, the human cytome project and systems biology: top‐down resolution of the molecular biocomplexity of organisms by single cell analysis
Authors: Valet G. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract.  A large amount of structural and functional information is obtained by molecular cell phenotype analysis of tissues, organs and organisms at the single cell level by image or flow cytometry in combination with bioinformatic knowledge extraction (cytomics) concerning nuclei acids, proteins and metabolites (cellular genomics, proteomics and metabolomics) as well as cell function parameters like intracellular pH, transmembrane potentials or ion gradients.In addition, differential molecular cell phenotypes between diseased and healthy cells provide molecular data patterns for (i) predictive medicine by cytomics or for (ii) drug discovery purposes using reverse engineering of the data patterns by biomedical cell systems biology. Molecular pathways can be explored in this way including the detection of suitable target molecules, without detailed a priori knowledge of specific disease mechanisms. This is useful during the analysis of complex diseases such as infections, allergies, rheumatoid diseases, diabetes or malignancies.The top‐down approach reaching from single cell heterogeneity in cell systems and tissues down to the molecular level seems suitable for a human cytome project to systematically explore the molecular biocomplexity of human organisms. The analysis of already existing data from scientific studies or routine diagnostic procedures will be of immediate value in clinical medicine, for example as personalized therapy by cytomics.
Cytometric assessment of DNA damage in relation to cell cycle phase and apoptosis
Authors: Huang Xuan , Halicka H. Dorota , Traganos Frank , Tanaka Toshiki , Kurose Akira , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: August 2005

Abstract.  Reviewed are the methods aimed to detect DNA damage in individual cells, estimate its extent and relate it to cell cycle phase and induction of apoptosis. They include the assays that reveal DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, as well as DNA damage induced by genotoxic agents. DNA fragmentation that occurs in the course of apoptosis is detected by selective extraction of degraded DNA. DNA in chromatin of apoptotic cells shows also increased propensity to undergo denaturation. The most common assay of DNA fragmentation relies on labelling DNA strand breaks with fluorochrome‐tagged deoxynucleotides. The induction of double‐strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by genotoxic agents provides a signal for histone H2AX phosphorylation on Ser139; the phosphorylated H2AX is named γH2AX. Also, ATM‐kinase is activated through its autophosphorylation on Ser1981. Immunocytochemical detection of γH2AX and/or ATM‐Ser1981(P) are sensitive probes to reveal induction of DSBs. When used concurrently with analysis of cellular DNA content and caspase‐3 activation, they allow one to correlate the extent of DNA damage with the cell cycle phase and with activation of the apoptotic pathway. The presented data reveal cell cycle phase‐specific patterns of H2AX phosphorylation and ATM autophosphorylation in response to induction of DSBs by ionizing radiation, topoisomerase I and II inhibitors and carcinogens. Detection of DNA damage in tumour cells during radio‐ or chemotherapy may provide an early marker predictive of response to treatment.