bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Do Boards of Directors Contribute to Shareholder Value in Firms Targeted for Acquisition? A Group Information-Processing Perspective
Authors: Pavićević Stevo , Haleblian Jerayr (John) , Keil Thomas 
Published: September 2023

We draw on group information-processing theory to investigate how target boards of directors may contribute to target value capture during the private negotiations phase in acquisitions. We view target boards as information-processing groups and private negotiations as information-processing tasks. We argue that target board meeting frequency is associated with increased processing—gathering, sharing, and analyzing—of acquisition-related information, which improves target bargaining and, ultimately, target value capture. We further posit that this value-enhancing effect of target board meeting frequency is more pronounced when target board composition improves the ability of target boards to process acquisition-related information. Finally, we expect that meeting frequency is more consequential for target bargaining and value capture when acquisition complexity imposes high information-processing demands on the target boards during private negotiations. Empirical evidence from a sample of acquisitions of publicly listed firms in the United States offers support for our group information-processing perspective on board contribution to shareholder value in firms targeted for acquisition. Funding: This work was supported by the Strategy Research Foundation [Dissertation Grant SRF-2015DP-0016]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1643 .
Effects of tai chi on postural balance and quality of life among the elderly with gait disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Xu Fan , Soh Kim Geok , Chan Yoke Mun , Bai Xiao Rong , Qi Fengmeng , Deng Nuannuan 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundTai Chi is good for improving the physical fitness of older adults. But few studies have reported the effects of Tai Chi on the postural balance and quality of life of older adults with gait disorders.ObjectiveThis review aimed to assess the influence of tai chi on postural stability and quality of life in older adults with abnormal gait.MethodAccording to the literature retrieval principles, the works published from the inception date to May 2023 were retrieved, including the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. Subsequently, literature screening and quality assessment were performed.ResultsA total of 16 randomized controlled trials were included in this study, Tai Chi intervention can affect populations with Parkinson’s disease (PD), no exercise, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), chronic stroke, sedentary, fear of falling, or history of falling. Postural instability is associated with balance, gait, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Subscale 3 (UPDRS III), mobility, lower body strength, and falls. Only two articles looked at quality of life. The Yang style is the most commonly used in the intervention. Nonetheless, most studies were performed on female participants, hence, more research on older male populations is needed.ConclusionTai Chi intervention benefits postural balance in patients with gait disorders. 12 weeks is the most common intervention period for patients with gait disorders. The frequency of intervention is seven articles twice a week, and the intervention time is about 60 minutes. The Tai Chi intervention methods in this study involve Yang Style, Sun Style, Taoist Tai Chi, and Health Qigong Tai Chi, but the Yang Style Tai Chi intervention is the most widely used.
Demographic characteristics associated with West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease – A retrospective study on the wider European area 2006–2021
Authors: Riccetti Nicola , Ferraccioli Federico , Fasano Augusto , Stilianakis Nikolaos I. 
Published: September 2023

Background
With a case-fatality-risk ranging from 3.0 to >20.0% and life-long sequelae, West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) is the most dangerous outcome of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans. As no specific prophylaxis nor therapy is available for these infections, focus is on preventive strategies. We aimed to find variables associated with WNND diagnosis, hospitalisation or death, to identify high-risk sub-groups of the population, on whom to concentrate these strategies.

Methods
We used data from The European Surveillance System–TESSy, provided by National Public Health Authorities, and released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). In two Firth-penalised logistic regression models, we considered age, sex, clinical criteria, epidemiological link to other cases (epi-link), calendar year, and season as potential associated variables. In one model we considered also the rural/urban classification of the place of infection (RUC), while in the other the specific reporting country.

Findings
Among confirmed West Nile Virus cases, 2,916 WNND cases were registered, of which 2,081 (71.4%), and 383 (13.1%) resulted in the hospitalisation and death of the patient, respectively. Calendar year, RUC/country, age, sex, clinical criteria, and epi-link were associated with WNND diagnosis. Hospitalisation was associated with calendar year and RUC/country; whereas death was associated with age, sex and country.

Interpretation
Our results support previous findings on WNND associated variables (most notably age and sex); while by observing the whole population of WNND cases in the considered area and period, they also allow for stronger generalizations, conversely to the majority of previous studies, which used sample populations.
NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 is a potential pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and is related to immunity
Authors: Zheng Lemei , Li Mengna , Wei Jianxia , Chen Shipeng , Xue Changning , Duan Yumei , Tang Faqing , Li Guiyuan , Xiong Wei , She Kelin , Deng Hongyu , Zhou Ming 
Published: September 2023

Background
NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2), an important methyltransferase of m5C, has been poorly studied in cancers, and the relationship between NSUN2 and immunity remains largely unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic value of NSUN2 and the role of NSUN2 in immunity in cancers.

Methods
The TIMER, CPTAC and other databases were used to analyze the expression of NSUN2, its correlation with clinical stage and its prognostic value across cancers. Moreover, the TISIDB, TIMER2.0 and Sangerbox platform were used to depict the relationships between NSUN2 and immune molecular subtypes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immune checkpoints (ICPs) and immunoregulatory genes. Furthermore, the NSUN2-interacting proteins and related genes as well as the coexpression networks of NSUN2 in LIHC, LUAD and HNSC were explored with the STRING, DAVID, GEPIA2 and LinkedOmics databases. Finally, the subcellular location and function of NSUN2 in HepG2, A549 and 5-8F cells were investigated by performing immunofluorescence, CCK-8 and wound healing assays.

Results
Overall, NSUN2 was highly expressed and related to a poor prognosis in most types of cancers and was also significantly associated with immune molecular subtypes in some cancer types. Furthermore, NSUN2 was significantly associated with the levels of ICPs and immunoregulatory genes. In addition, NSUN2 was found to be involved in a series of immune-related biological processes, such as the humoral immune response in LIHC and LUAD and T-cell activation and B-cell activation in HNSC. Immunofluorescence and CCK-8 assays also confirmed that NSUN2 was widely expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and overexpression of NSUN2 promoted the proliferation and migration of HepG2, A549 and 5-8F cells. NSUN2 was also confirmed to positively regulate the expression of PD-L1.

Conclusion
NSUN2 serves as a pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and is correlated with the immune infiltration of tumors.
Assessing the feasibility of gray, blue, and green ammonia productions in Indonesia: A techno-economic and environmental perspective
Authors: Tjahjono Martin , Stevani Isabella , Siswanto Gracheilla A , Adhitya Arief , Halim Iskandar 
Published: September 2023

Ammonia, owing to its carbon-free attributes, stands as a promising alternative for replacing fossil-based fuels. This study investigates the techno-economic and environmental aspects of gray, blue, and green ammonia production in Indonesia. In this regard, a spreadsheet-based decision support system has been developed to analyze the levelized cost of each mode of ammonia production and their cost sensitivity across various parameters. The results of the analysis show a levelized cost of gray ammonia of $297 (USD) per ton, which is strongly affected by natural gas prices and carbon taxation. Blue ammonia emerges as the most stable production option with a levelized cost of $390 per ton, impacted by natural gas prices and the expenses associated with carbon sequestration. On the other hand, the levelized cost of green ammonia varies between $696 to $1,024 per ton and is predominantly influenced by the choice of electrolyzers, the cost of renewable energy sources, and maintenance and operational expenditures. Furthermore, the study reveals that gray and blue ammonia production result in emissions of 2.73 and 0.28 tons of CO2 equivalent per ton of ammonia, respectively, while in-situ carbon emissions from green ammonia can be considered negligible. Overall, this study underscores the potential of implementing green ammonia production utilizing geothermal or hydropower renewable energy resources as viable solutions for decarbonizing the power, industry, and transport sectors in Indonesia. Several policy recommendations aimed at overcoming existing barriers to the development of green ammonia plants in the country are also provided.
The Mandatory and Default Regulation in Hungarian Company Law – A Decade of Experience
Authors: Auer Ádám , Papp Tekla 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

314The option to deviate from a legal provision has been problematic for company law. The theoretical background of legislation is rooted in the interpretative models of company law: the investor model favouring the interests of its members (shareholder theory) and a contractual model which takes into account the stakeholders in the business relationship with the company (stakeholder theory). This article reflects on the development of the regulation’s nature of Hungarian company law; the legislator implemented a fundamental change in the central element to the governance of company law in 2013. After the modification of central regulation concept of Hungarian company law, the role of the judiciary shifted to the classification of the different default-mandatory rules. This article investigates the development of the new company law regulations concept, and the related judicial practice, and also approaches the topic from the view of interests (of creditors, employees and members), striving to create a coherent dogmatic system.
Decent Work in the Cross-Border Supply Chain: A Smart Mix of Legislation and Self-Regulation
Authors: Laagland Femke G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

336This paper deals with the problem of European companies trading with companies in developing countries where fundamental labour rights are being violated. For a long time, this issue was left to the responsibility of European companies on a voluntary basis. Recently, a shift towards hard law in the sense of legal obligations has become visible. The European Commission started a legislative process in 2021 and published a proposal for a due diligence Directive in February 2022 to which the European Parliament responded in first reading on 1 June 2023. In the meanwhile, France and Germany passed legislation, and in the Netherlands and Belgium a private member’s bill was submitted by members of Parliament. All in all, a lot is happening on this subject at both European and national level. Much has been written about the proposals as such but the issue of fundamental labour rights has been underexposed. This paper fills that gap. Central question is as to what extent legislation will lead to an improvement in compliance with fundamental labour rights in the cross-border supply chain. This paper will explore this question on the basis of the said European and national legislative initiatives. It will become clear that the solution lies much more in a mix of hard law and self-regulation and that in the search for a smart mix, lessons can be learned from the Dutch system of private sector-specific agreements.337
Shareholder Proposals and Sustainability: An Empirically-Based Critical Reflection
Authors: Bakker Michael H.C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

276
Publicly traded companies face growing scrutiny in respect of their sustainability strategies and policies from regulators, the general public, NGOs, as well as investors. One area where the attention for corporate sustainability issues has materialised is at the general meetings of these companies, including in the form of a growing number of shareholder proposals on environmental and social topics. Against the background of this development, I have investigated sustainability-related shareholder proposals in 25 countries. More specifically, this paper presents the results of a survey of shareholder proposals on environmental and social topics that have been put to a vote in the period between 2020 and 2022, with the aim of exploring what sustainability issues are addressed through shareholder proposals, who submit E&S-related shareholder proposals, and which sectors are subjected to such proposals. During this three-year period, nearly one-third of the 1995 shareholder proposal that have been identified directly related to environmental and social issues. The investigation reveals that the majority of such proposals have been submitted by individuals, organisations with primarily social objectives, and SRI asset managers and investment advisors. But in light of increasing attention, both in society and in investor circles, for what institutional investors are doing to support and promote sustainability strategies and policies of publicly traded companies, in particular when it comes to climate change, it may be the case that (some of) these investors will increasingly exercise agenda-setting rights in connection with corporate sustainability issues.
277
Feasibility studies and their effects on the success or failure of investment projects. “Najaf governorate as a model”
Authors: Alhamami Bashar Rasheed M. , Nassar Yasser Sahib , Qendeel Laith Mashkoor Rasheed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A feasibility study is considered a strategic tool, a critical principle, and an essential stage of the success of the investment project, and it is regarded as an essential point in the success or failure of the investment project. Therefore, feasibility studies are among the most critical elements of the success of investment projects. The purpose of this study is to find out the reality of the feasibility study in the various departments of the state and its impact on the success or failure of investment projects, in addition to studying, identifying, and analyzing the factors that affect the feasibility study in investment projects. In this research, 23 influential factors were collected from site surveys, interviews with engineers and experts, and previous research in the Arab world. These factors are grouped into five categories: political and legal aspects, economic and financial, consultancy, owner, and contractor. A questionnaire survey of 70 respondents was distributed among different experts. A statistical analysis was done using SPSS and Excel packages. The results accomplished from the survey revealed the significant factors that affect the feasibility study (ranked respectively), namely, the absence of a clear investment policy (86%), the existence of obstacles (85.71%), slow and complicated routine procedures (84%), lack of experience and field knowledge (82.29%), and failure to accurately meet the scientific (79.71%) These findings could help the construction professionals to improve the feasibility study and project performance in Iraq.
Qualitative analysis of PMD-induced long-haul optical fiber link
Authors: Singh Manjit , Sarangal Himali , Singh Butta , Kaur Harmandar , Kour Satveer 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the detrimental effect of polarization mode dispersion on long-haul optical fiber communication in terms of the quality factor and bit error rate. The dispersion value is varied for different fiber lengths, specifically for long-haul communication, and the results obtained are analyzed in terms of the quality factor. The polarization mode dispersion causes pulse broadening, leading to interchannel interference. There is a need to check the occurrence and the associated effects of this dispersion. The communication range for conducting the analysis varies from 150 km to 350 km. The analysis is first conducted on varied communication fiber link length for different dispersion values, and it is observed that a fiber length of 200 km gives comparatively favorable results, as seen from the BER analysis.
Reinventing the Division of Labour? How Organisational and Micro-Level Factors Influence Work in Local Public Welfare Organisations
Authors: Castillo Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many professions in the public sector, such as healthcare staff, social welfare officers and teachers are experiencing a heavier workload and an increasing number of work tasks of growing complexity. This study examines the policy tendency to introduce a stricter division of labour, by delegating lower status tasks professionals preform to assistants, as a key to reduce public sector workload. In contrast, the public sector has been subject to organisational reforms the past 20–30 years resulting in a reduced division of labour among professions. This article explores the reversibility of the division of labour within a local public sector context, and it demonstrates how different micro-level factors may promote or counteract changes in the division of labour at the workplace. A main contribution is the prospect to rethink the capacity of organisational work-related reforms in professional settings directed at processes of division of labour in local public organisations.
Meaning-making and collaboration: teacher scaffolds within a translanguaging pedagogy
Authors: Cui Yuxin , Pacheco Mark B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examined the forms and functions of collaborative scaffolds used by a monolingual teacher within a translanguaging pedagogy, which we frame as instruction that invites students to draw from their entire linguistic repertoires in ways that honor and sustain their multilingualism. More specifically, it investigates how a 9th-grade teacher of multilingual students fostered collaboration within a literacy activity that leverages strategic translation of grade-level texts. Data sources include ten consecutive video-recorded class periods involving strategic collaborative translation, interviews with the teacher, instructional materials, and translation artifacts. Findings show three major themes that capture teacher approaches to foster learners’ meaning-making. First, the teacher fostered collaboration to support meaning-makingwithinthe text by suggesting resources, guiding the collaborative steps, and praising to help students’ meaningful engagement with the text. Second, the teacher fostered collaborationaroundthe text by setting collaborative ground rules and promoting joint construction of meaning to support students’ learning. Lastly, the teacher offered new teacher-student roles to support collaboration, which included affirming aspects of students’ identities during translation. This study offers specific ways that teachers might foster meaningful engagement with texts when they have limited experience with languages other than English, and similarly, emerging proficiencies in engaging in translanguaging pedagogies.
Society Bites: Phenomenological Aesthetics of the Ordinary and the Ordinary Cannibal
Authors: Molina Garcia Erika Natalia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDrawing on phenomenological aesthetics and on the haptic aesthetics of eating as a form of everyday aesthetics, I examine the phenomenon of eating our own as meaningful in three dimensions: vital/natural, somatic/individual, and cross-cultural. Usually conceived as a concrete, rare, and foreign practice, I show how cannibalism is present in our daily lives, both symbolically and as a liminal possibility towards which – as Freud noticed in 1913 – we all tended as children. Cannibalism is present not only in cinematic, literary, or visual art, and in anthropological research that situates it far from “us,” but through narratives and carnal dispositifs of differentiation/assimilation of the Same and the Other, fundamental for our subjective constitution. I conclude with a reflection on how the classical aesthetics of the sovereign subject develops towards alternative models like Pelluchon’sgourmet egothat re-establish the connexion and moral engagement lost by solipsism by means of alimentary metaphors, but also romanticizing them, failing to address the problem of voracity and overconsumption, both at a social and at an individual level. This is more suitably addressed by Viveiros de Castro’s idea of a cannibal cogito, but even better understood by Emmanuel Levinas’ enjoyment-contact model of subjectivity.
“Write oneself into being”– Ha as an interpersonal pragmatic marker on WeChat
Authors: Bi Xiaoyi , Marsden Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The pragmatic marker ha 哈 in Mandarin, has little meaning in itself; while some studies have looked into its usage in spoken discourse, we seek to address its usage and unpack its specific interpersonal pragmatic function in online, private, dyadic discourse, itself an underexplored area, and a setting in which participants are free from public scrutiny, unlike on mass social media. The results demonstrate that it can be attached to clauses and sentences to show the affect of the writer, from indicating a jocular and playful tone to softening a request. Therefore, ha is used as a way to express different types of rapport orientations and positive self-presentation. By drawing on personal WeChat messages, this paper bridges the gap by focusing on ha in technologically-mediated conversation. The expanding usage of ha also suggests a wish to create linguistic forms which can act as substitutes for non-verbal communication features.
Vertikale Kooperation im Völkerstrafrecht. Ein Modus der Strukturbildung in der Weltgesellschaft
Authors: de Vries Henning 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof (IStGH) und dem im Römischen Statut kodifizierten Völkerstrafrecht ist die individuelle Strafbarkeit außerhalb nationaler Rechtsordnungen etabliert. Diese Entwicklung verändert das Verhältnis von Staaten, internationalen Organisationen sowie Gerichten und Individuen in einer globalen Rechtsordnung. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Struktur des Völkerstrafrechts entwickelt hat. Die Vermutung ist, dass die Strukturbildung des Völkerstrafrechts in einem vertikalen Modus der Kooperation verläuft, der die horizontale Kooperation der Staaten und die vertikale Kooperation mit dem IStGH kombiniert. Indem die strukturellen Voraussetzungen zum Thema werden, kann eine eigenständige rechtssoziologische Perspektive entwickelt werden, die disziplinäre Ansätze aus den Politikwissenschaften und der Rechtswissenschaft aufgreift und weitergehende Fragestellungen ermöglicht. Dies wird mit einer qualitativen Analyse der Präambel des Römischen Statuts vorgeführt und anhand der Ergebnisse diskutiert.