bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Stretchable and Permeable Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics
Authors: Li Yanyan , Sun Yuping , Lu Qianying , Lu Yanqing , Kong Desheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpidermal electronics is an emerging wearable platform that involves attaching deformable forms of devices to the skin. Epidermal electrodes represent a vital component of this technology, as they provide a direct electronic interface with the skin for sensing and stimulation. However, most of the current electrodes are built on non‐permeable elastomer substrates, which can limit their long‐term, continuous operations in a non‐invasive manner. Fortunately, recent advancements in conductive materials and fabrication techniques have enabled high‐performance epidermal electrodes that are comfortable to wear. In order to track the latest progress, this review article first introduces the designs of permeable structures and the preparation of conductive electrodes. The subsequent discussion elaborates on effective strategies to achieve desirable properties, such as high conductivity, stretchability, skin adhesion, and biocompatibility. The emerging applications of permeable epidermal electrodes are also summarized. Finally, this review concludes with the current challenges and future directions of breathable epidermal electrodes.
Combinatorial Microgels for 3D ECM Screening and Heterogeneous Microenvironmental Culture of Primary Human Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Ryoo Hyeon , Giovanni Regina , Kimmel Hannah , Jain Ishita , Underhill Gregory H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects 30% of the United States population and its progression can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and increased risks for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is characterized by a highly heterogeneous liver microenvironment created by the fibrotic activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While HSCs have been widely studied in 2D, further advancements in physiologically relevant 3D culture platforms for the in vitro modeling of these heterogeneous environments are needed. In this study, the use of stiffness‐variable, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein‐conjugated polyethylene glycol microgels as 3D cell culture scaffolds to modulate HSC activation is demonstrated. These microgels as a high throughput ECM screening system to identify HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities in distinct heterogeneous microenvironmental conditions are further employed. The 6 kPa fibronectin microgels are shown to significantly increase HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities in single or multiple‐component microenvironments. Overall, heterogeneous microenvironments consisting of multiple distinct ECM microgels promoted a decrease in HSC matrix remodeling and metabolic activities compared to homogeneous microenvironments. The study envisions this ECM screening platform being adapted to a broad number of cell types to aid the identification of ECM microenvironments that best recapitulate the desired phenotype, differentiation, or drug efficacy.
Closely Packed Stretchable Ultrasound Array Fabricated with Surface Charge Engineering for Contactless Gesture and Materials Detection
Authors: Dutta Ankan , Niu Zhenyuan , Abdullah Abu Musa , Tiwari Naveen , Biswas Md Abu Sayeed , Li Bowen , Lorestani Farnaz , Jing Yun , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommunication with hand gestures plays a significant role in human‐computer interaction by providing an intuitive and natural way for humans to communicate with machines. Ultrasound‐based devices have shown promising results in contactless hand gesture recognition without requiring physical contact. However, it is challenging to fabricate a densely packed wearable ultrasound array. Here, a stretchable ultrasound array is demonstrated with closely packed transducer elements fabricated using surface charge engineering between pre‐charged 1–3 Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) composite and thin polyimide film without using a microscope. The array exhibits excellent ultrasound properties with a wide bandwidth (≈57.1%) and high electromechanical coefficient (≈0.75). The ultrasound array can decipher gestures up to 10 cm in distance by using a contactless triboelectric module and identify materials from the time constant of the exponentially decaying impedance based on their triboelectric properties by utilizing the electrostatic induction phase. The newly proposed metric of the areal‐time constant is material‐specific and decreases monotonically from a highly positive human body (1.13 m2 s) to negatively charged polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (0.02 m2 s) in the triboelectric series. The capability of the closely packed ultrasound array to detect material along with hand gesture interpretation provides an additional dimension in the next‐generation human‐robot interaction.
Fast Label‐Free Metabolic Profile Recognition Identifies Phenylketonuria and Subtypes
Authors: Su Haiyang , Zhang Huiwen , Wu Jiao , Huang Lin , Zhang Mengji , Xu Wei , Cao Jing , Liu Wanshan , Liu Ning , Jiang Hongwei , Gu Xuefan , Qian Kun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inherited metabolic disease in humans. Clinical screening of newborn heel blood samples for PKU is costly and time‐consuming because it requires multiple procedures, like isotope labeling and derivatization, and PKU subtype identification requires an additional urine sample. Delayed diagnosis of PKU, or subtype identification can result in mental disability. Here, plasmonic silver nanoshells are used for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) detection of PKU with label‐free assay by recognizing metabolic profile in dried blood spot (DBS) samples. A total of 1100 subjects are recruited and each DBS sample can be processed in seconds. This platform achieves PKU screening with a sensitivity of 0.985 and specificity of 0.995, which is comparable to existing clinical liquid chromatography MS (LC‐MS) methods. This method can process 360 samples per hour, compared with the LC‐MS method which processes only 30 samples per hour. Moreover, this assay enables precise identification of PKU subtypes without the need for a urine sample. It is demonstrated that this platform enables high‐performance and fast, low‐cost PKU screening and subtype identification. This approach might be suitable for the detection of other clinically relevant biomarkers in blood or other clinical samples.
A New Approach to Fuel Cell Electrodes: Lanthanum Aluminate Yielding Fine Pt Nanoparticle Exsolution for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ozkan Selda , Kim Seo Jin , Miller David N. , Irvine John T. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDesigning an electrocatalyst with low Pt content is an immediate need for essential reactions in low temperature fuel cell systems. In the present work, La0.9925Ba0.0075Al0.995Pt0.005O3 is aimed at using with low (only 0.5%) Pt doping as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The low doping level renders exsolution of 1–2 nm nanoparticles with uniform dispersion upon reduction in H2/N2 at low temperatures. Pt exsolved perovskite oxides deliver significantly enhanced catalytic activity for ORR and improved stability in alkaline media. This study demonstrates that LaAlO3 with low noble metal content holds immense potential as an electrocatalyst in real fuel cell systems.
Female biased adult sex ratio in the Bronze Age cemetery of Shahr‐i Sokhta (Iran) as an indicator of long distance trade and matrilocality
Authors: Vincenti Giorgia , Molinaro Ludovica , Sajjadi Seyed Mansur Seyed , Moradi Hossein , Pagani Luca , Fabbri Pier Francesco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis paper starts from the unusual observation of the overrepresentation of females among adults in the cemetery of Bronze Age Shahr‐i Sokhta (Seistan, Iran) and explores the post marital residence pattern. By integrating taphonomical (skeletal preservation), anthropological (sex ratio [SR], sexual dimorphism, stress indicators, age at death), archeological (long distance trade indicators, habitation floor area, social role of women), and ancient DNA (heterozygosity levels in X chromosomes) data we test the hypothesis of post marital matrilocality in the site.MethodsWe computed the SR (pelvis‐based sex determination) in a random unpublished adult sample from the cemetery of Shahr‐i Sokhta and in two samples previously published by other authors. We used comparative data on SR from: a large Supra Regional multi‐chronological sample of sites,n = 47, with 8808 adult sexed individuals, from Southern Europe, Egypt, Middle East, Southern Russia; a Regional Bronze Age sample of sites (n = 10) from Bactria Margiana and Indus Valley with 1324 adult sexed individuals. We estimated the heterozygosity levels in X chromosomes compared with the rest of the autosomes on the assumption that in a matrilocal society females should show lower variability than men.ResultsAdult SR in a sample (n = 549) from Shahr‐i Sokhta is 70.5, the overrepresentation of females is shared with Regional Bronze Age sites from Bactria Margiana (SR = 72.09) and Indus Valley (SR = 67.54). On the contrary, in a larger Supra Regional multi‐chronological sample of sites, mean SR ranges between 112.7 (Bronze Age) and 163.1 (Middle Ages). Taphonomical and anthropological indicators do not explain the overrepresentation of female skeletons. Archeological indicators suggest a high social status of women and that the society was devoted to long range trade activities. heterozygosity levels in X chromosomes are in agreement with a matrilocal society.ConclusionsIndicators suggest that Bronze Age Shahr‐ì Sokhta was a matrilocal society and that long distance trade was an important economic factor producing an overrepresentation of adult female skeletons in the cemetery.
Collective Effect in a Multicomponent Ensemble Combining Single Atoms and Nanoparticles for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Xu Xiaochun , Li Xinyi , Lu Wenting , Sun Xiaoyuan , Huang Hong , Cui Xiaoqiang , Li Lu , Zou Xiaoxin , Zheng Weitao , Zhao Xiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal single‐atom catalysts represent one of the most promising non‐noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, they still suffer from insufficient activity and, particularly, durability for practical applications. Leveraging density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML), we unravel an unexpected collective effect between FeN4OH sites, CeN4OH motifs, Fe nanoparticles (NPs), and Fe−CeO2 NPs. The collective effect comprises differently‐weighted electronic and geometric interactions, whitch results in significantly enhanced ORR activity for FeN4OH active sites with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.948 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) in alkaline, relative to a commercial Pt/C (E1/2, 0.851 VRHE). Meanwhile, this collective effect endows the shortened Fe−N bonds and the remarkable durability with negligible activity loss after 50,000 potential cycles. The ML was used to understand the intricate geometric and electronic interactions in collective effect and reveal the intrinsic descriptors to account for the enhanced ORR performance. The universality of collective effect was demonstrated effective for the Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Mn‐based multicomponent ensembles. These results confirm the importance of collective effect to simultaneously improve catalytic activity and durability.
Electrochemical Doping and Structural Modulation of Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhou Shengyang , Liu Tianqi , Strømme Maria , Xu Chao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce an electrochemical doping strategy aimed at manipulating the structure and composition of electrically conductive metal‐organic frameworks (c‐MOFs). Our methodology is exemplified through a representative c‐MOF, Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP=2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11‐hexaiminotriphenylene), synthesized into porous thin films supported by nanocellulose. While the c‐MOF exhibits characteristic capacitive behavior in neutral electrolyte; it manifests redox behaviors in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Evidence indicates that the organic ligands within c‐MOF undergo oxidation (p‐doping) and reduction (n‐doping) when exposed to specific electrochemical potentials in acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Interestingly, the p‐doping process proves reversible, with the c‐MOF structure remaining stable across cyclic p‐doping/de‐doping. In contrast, the n‐doping is irreversible, leading to the gradual decomposition of the framework into inorganic species over a few cycles. Drawing on these findings, we showcase the versatile electrochemical applications of c‐MOFs and their derived composites, encompassing electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and ultrafast actuation. This study provides profound insights into the doping of c‐MOFs, offering a new avenue for modulating their chemical and electronic structure, thereby broadening their potential for diverse electrochemical applications.
Positional Thiophene Isomerization: A Geometric Strategy for Precisely Regulating the Electronic State of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Boost Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Chao , Zheng Kunpeng , Wang Binbin , Wang Zhong , Zhang Chuanhui , Long Xiaojing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the oxygen conversion efficiency of metal‐free carbon‐based fuel cells dramatically improved, the building blocks of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) raised principal concerns on the catalytic active sites with indistinct electronic states. Herein, to address this issue, we demonstrate COFs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by regulating the edge‐hanging thiophene units, and the molecular geometries are further modulated via positional thiophene isomerization strategy, affording isomericCOF‐αwith 2‐substitution andCOF‐βwith 3‐substitution on the frameworks. The electronic states and intermediate adsorption ability are well‐regulated through geometric modification, resulting in controllable chemical activity and local density of π‐electrons. Notably, the introduction of thiophene units with different substitution positions into a pristine pure carbon‐based COF modelCOF‐Phachieves excellent activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.76 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, which is higher than most of those metal‐free or metal‐based electrocatalysts. Utilizing the combination of theoretical prediction and in situ Raman spectra, we show that the isomeric thiophene skeleton (COF‐αandCOF‐β) can induce the dangling unit activation, accurately identifying the pentacyclic‐carbon (thiophene α‐position) adjacent to sulfur atom as active sites. The results suggest that the isomeric dangling groups in COFs are suitable for the ORR with promising geometry construction.
Utilizing fungal biodegradation for valorisation of lignocellulosic waste biomass and its diverse applications
Authors: Mehta Prerna , Chelike Dinesh K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMyco degradation is an effective technique for breaking down waste plant substances made of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which are collectively known as lignocellulose. This abundant organic material is found throughout the world. Due to its recalcitrant nature, lignocellulose poses a challenge for efficient conversion into biofuels, biochemicals, and other valuable products. Myco degradation, which involves the use of fungi to degrade lignocellulosic materials, offers a sustainable and cost‐efficient resolution to this challenge. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms and applications of myco degradation for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. The review discusses the various types of fungi involved in lignocellulose degradation, their enzymatic systems, and the factors that influences their performance. Furthermore, the potential applications of myco degradation products, such as biofuels, enzymes, and bioplastics, are reviewed. It also highlights the implications of myco degradation for waste management and sustainable development. Overall, myco degradation represents a promising technology for the efficient deprivation of lignocellulosic waste biomass, and further research in this field holds great potential for the sustainable creation of bio‐based products.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of a Monolayer of VOTPP Molecules Sublimated on Ag(100)
Authors: Poggini Lorenzo , Sorrentino Andrea Luigi , Ranieri Davide , Calloni Alberto , Santanni Fabio , Giaconi Niccolò , Cucinotta Giuseppe , Otero Edwige , Longo Danilo , Cortigiani Brunetto , Caneschi Andrea , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Sessoli Roberta , Mannini Matteo , Serrano Giulia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVanadyl(IV) 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin (VOTPP) is an S = 1/2 molecular system with remarkable spin qubit properties. Its structure offers a higher chemical tunability with respect to archetypal molecular qubits, such as vanadyl(IV)Phthalocyanines (VOPc), and a less rigid organic scaffold where peripheral phenyl rings can promote electron decoupling from the substrate. The properties of a VOTPP monolayer on the Ag(100) surface by photoemission spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation are studied. The results indicate that the electronic and spin features of the massive phase are retained in the monolayer. Moreover, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the existence of two distinct species characterized by varying strengths of molecule‐surface interactions. Like VOPc, these species can be assigned to molecules with the vanadyl group oriented upward or toward the surface. However, in contrast to VOPc, only subtle screening effects are observed in the oxygen‐down configuration, suggesting a more pronounced decoupling effect inherent in the VOTPP structure. This opens broader perspectives for investigations focusing on spin characteristics at the single‐molecule level.
Evaluation of fish spawning habitat at offshore reefs in southwest Lake Michigan using side‐scan sonar and underwater video
Authors: Stacy‐Duffy William L. , Redman Rebecca A. , Roswell Charles R. , Peterson Scot D. , Czesny Sergiusz J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Offshore reefs in the Laurentian Great Lakes provide critical spawning habitats for native lake trout. Though many historic spawning reefs have been documented, thorough evaluation of the habitat they contain is rare. After decades of stocking, natural recruitment of lake trout has increased dramatically in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan since 2010, reinforcing the need for information about the viability and distribution of spawning habitats.
Using side‐scan sonar and underwater video, this study sought to map bottom substrates at Lake Bluff Reef and Gumby's Reef, offshore of the northern Illinois coast of Lake Michigan, to describe and quantify the availability of substrates suitable for lake trout spawning. Substrates were manually delineated in ArcGIS using side‐scan sonar imagery mosaics. Underwater video was used to verify substrate classifications through direct observation.
Suitable spawning substrate consisting of fractured bedrock debris and piled boulder/cobble was observed at both reefs. Underwater video revealed the presence of lake trout at both reefs in the weeks leading up to the spawning season. The largest congregation of fish was observed in the vicinity of the shallowest points, steep slopes, and the largest patches of spawning substrate.
The distribution, amount, and condition of spawning substrate available at each reef was in line with others studied in the region and their likely importance for lake trout spawning was reinforced by observed aggregations of mature fish.
This study has expanded the inventory of well‐documented offshore reefs in the Illinois waters of Lake Michigan, enhancing appreciation of what is coming to be understood as the Illinois Reef Complex. Knowledge of the distribution and status of habitats critical to the life history of native fishes in the Great Lakes are necessary for managers to properly assess, manage, and conserve lake trout and other fish populations.
Vowel distinctiveness as a concurrent predictor of expressive language function in autistic children
Authors: Simeone Paul J. , Green Jordan R. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen , Chenausky Karen V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpeech ability may limit spoken language development in some minimally verbal autistic children. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an acoustic measure of speech production, vowel distinctiveness, is concurrently related to expressive language (EL) for autistic children. Syllables containing the vowels [i] and [a] were recorded remotely from 27 autistic children (4;1–7;11) with a range of spoken language abilities. Vowel distinctiveness was calculated using automatic formant tracking software. Robust hierarchical regressions were conducted with receptive language (RL) and vowel distinctiveness as predictors of EL. Hierarchical regressions were also conducted within a High EL and a Low EL subgroup. Vowel distinctiveness accounted for 29% of the variance in EL for the entire group, RL for 38%. For the Low EL group, only vowel distinctiveness was significant, accounting for 38% of variance in EL. Conversely, in the High EL group, only RL was significant and accounted for 26% of variance in EL. Replicating previous results, speech production and RL significantly predicted concurrent EL in autistic children, with speech production being the sole significant predictor for the Low EL group and RL the sole significant predictor for the High EL group. Further work is needed to determine whether vowel distinctiveness longitudinally, as well as concurrently, predicts EL. Findings have important implications for the early identification of language impairment and in developing language interventions for autistic children.
Simple and efficient method for the extraction, isolation, and purification of peroxidase enzyme from wheat bran
Authors: Kumar Akhil , Vasishta Ayush , Pawar Hitesh S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeroxidase is an industrially important enzyme with a broad range of applications. In this study, the extraction, isolation, and purification of peroxidase was conducted with wheat bran as a feedstock. Several commercially available buffers (K2HPO4, Na3PO4, CH3COONa, and Tris‐base) were explored for the extraction of peroxidase from wheat bran. Of the tested media, sodium acetate buffer gave an excellent performance and displayed maximum protein (0.44 mg mL−1) and enzyme activity (28 U mL−1). A process optimization study was also conducted to obtain the maximum protein concentration and enzyme activity. The intensified process provided 1.39 mg mL−1 protein concentration with 90 U mL−1 enzyme activity with specific enzyme activity of 135.8 U mg−1. Crude enzyme was purified using a three‐step process: (a) precipitation, (b) ultrafiltration, and (c) chromatographic purification. Commercially available strong and weak ion exchange resins, with different surface properties, were tested for purification. The weak anion exchange resin showed an excellent performance for maximum binding of peroxidase. Adsorption study investigated the best fit model of Freundlich isotherm with maximum binding capacity of 54 mg mL−1. Overall, purification provided peroxidase with a protein concentration of 1.24 mg mL−1 and 727.58 U mg −1 specific enzyme activity with purity increased by around ~6.6 fold. The reported process provides a simple and efficient method for the extraction and purification of peroxidase enzyme from wheat bran for its efficient valorization.