bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical speaker‐independent voice recognition using segmental features
Authors: Kimura Tatsuya , Ashida Akira , Niyada Katsuyuki 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper reports a practical method that achieves speaker‐independent large‐vocabulary voice recognition with high accuracy and high noise immunity but with small computational complexity. The first feature of the method is that highly accurate recognition is realized by using an acoustic model in which the input consists of the segmental features formed by the analysis parameters of multiple frames. The second feature is that the likelihood corresponding to the output probability of each state of the acoustic model is calculated by a linear expression with the input parameter vector as the variable. The linear expression is derived from the equal‐covariance assumption. This linear expression reduces the computational complexity and the required memory capacity even if segmental features are used, without degrading recognition performance. The third feature is that a stable word spotting function detects correct solution candidates from the noise interval by including the idea of the a posteriori probability in the likelihood calculation. This word spotting function allows voice recognition which is robust to noise to be realized. The effectiveness of the proposed system was demonstrated in a recognition experiment with superimposed interior noise of a running vehicle. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(2): 73–81, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10217
Selective image‐sharpness enhancement by coupled nonlinear reaction‐diffusion time‐evolution equations and its application to suppression of breathing distortions in moving pictures
Authors: Saito Takahiro , Satsumabayashi Jun , Komatsu Takashi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe authors describe a technique for selectively sharpening only edges that were blurred due to various causes without making interference factors such as random noise more conspicuous. The selective sharpening technique described in this paper is implemented as an iterative updating nonlinear algorithm obtained by discretizing a type of nonlinear reaction‐diffusion time‐evolution equations. The update terms of this algorithm consist of a quadratic nonlinear smoothing term, reaction term, and overshooting term. By performing quantitative evaluation experiments, the authors showed that the proposed technique has significantly better selective sharpness enhancement capabilities than existing sharpness enhancement techniques such as the peaking method. In addition, the authors introduced a processing parameter adaptive control method in the proposed technique and applied it to the suppression of breathing distortions in video sequences. Breathing distortions, which are video sequence distortions that often appear in old films, are time‐varying blurring distortions that occur due to temporal variations of the focus. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 33–47, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10086
Software safety assessment based on a subordinated Markov chain model
Authors: Ito Masaki , Okamura Hiroyuki , Dohi Tadashi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSoftware safety can be defined as the property such that no situation inducing a hazard (dangerous condition) is created during the intended period under a specified environment when the software executes a predetermined function. In this paper, by considering the correlation in regard to the impact of software faults a new software safety assessment model based on a subordinated Markov chain is proposed. The goodness‐of‐fit is investigated for the software fault detection data observed in the actual test process, and we show the effectiveness of the proposed model in software safety evaluation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 24–32, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10097
A generation method of orthogonal periodic complex number sequence sets with lowest peak of cross‐correlation for any period based on chirp sequences
Authors: Ohue Kenji 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new generation method of orthogonal periodic complex number sequence sets based on chirp sequences that can derive the orthogonal periodic complex number sequence set having the minimum cross‐correlation peak for any period. First, we use the Ohue–Okahisa Conjecture that is proven in a practical range related to the orthogonal periodic polyphase sequence obtained by taking the inverse discrete Fourier transform of a chirp sequence to derive the relationship between the period N having the minimum peak of the cross‐correlation and the chirp sequence parameter R, and clearly explain a generation method of an orthogonal periodic complex number sequence pair having the minimum cross‐correlation peak for any period. Next, we present a generation method of the orthogonal periodic complex number sequence set having the minimum cross‐correlation peak for any two sequences in the set. The dimension of this set is clearly equal to the minimum prime factor of the period N. Furthermore, we present a generation method of the orthogonal periodic polyphase sequence set having the minimum cross‐correlation peak for any period and show that the dimension of this set becomes a value 1 less than the minimum prime factor of period N. We show that this generation method can derive the orthogonal periodic complex number sequence set having the minimum cross‐correlation peak for periods that could not be generated by conventional techniques and can derive the orthogonal periodic polyphase sequence set demonstrated previously. Finally, we present a generation example of the orthogonal periodic sequence set having the minimum cross‐correlation peak and clearly show that the orthogonal periodic complex number sequence set and orthogonal periodic polyphase sequence set having the minimum cross‐correlation peak can be generated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 1–11, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10129
Effects of observation of robot–robot communication on human–robot communication
Authors: Kanda Takayuki , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Ono Tetsuo , Imai Michita , Nakatsu Ryohei 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a human–robot communication system based on observations of robot–robot conversations to encourage humans to consider robots as natural targets for communication. In the proposed system, when nearby robots are communicating, voices and gestures are used to indicate that the robots are conversing with each other. When humans in the vicinity observe a robot building a relationship by interacting with another robot or the surrounding environment, they regard robots as equal targets for communication and build relationships with robots or carry out natural communications with robots. We used robots with sufficient body expression capabilities to actually implement a robot system that enabled communications according to robot–robot conversations or situations. This paper reports on a robot system that implements both of these kinds of robot–robot conversations and human–robot conversations and verifies the effects of the observation of robot–robot conversations through psychological experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 48–58, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10171
Texture mapping method from image streams captured by free camerawork
Authors: Sato Hiroyuki , Wu Weiguo , Yokoyama Atsushi , Akatsuka Takao 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe authors propose a method to reproduce surface textures by mapping images used in shape restoration as textures when generating a three‐dimensional computer graphic image after restoring a three‐dimensional shape from multi‐viewpoint data of a real‐world model. In the past, an image used as a texture had to be captured under the same lighting conditions and at the same spatial resolution as its source. In this paper, the authors consider a method to select and correct an optimal image from among images captured using free camerawork, and then use it for mapping. In other words, the authors take into consideration the distance between the patch surface and points of capture, while at the same time comparing the orientation of the patch surfaces which comprise a three‐dimensional object and the orientation of the camera at the point from which it takes pictures. As a result, optimal pictures can be selected even when the distance to the subject or the position of the camera changes. In addition, by matching the pixel values distributed along the shared boundaries among adjacent patch surfaces, errors that may exist in the mapping between the patch surface and texture image can be corrected. Using their method, the authors perform verification experiments on a three‐dimensional shape obtained using the factorization method and achieve good results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 70–81, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10173
A multiagent approach to power system normal operation
Authors: Nagata Takeshi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yoriko , Utatani Masahiro , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRecently, the electric utility industry worldwide has been facing pressure to be deregulated or restructured in order to increase its efficiency, to reduce operational cost, or to give consumers more alternatives. For this aspect, a great deal more research is needed to achieve a better, intelligent knowledge process. The present centralized system for power system control, operation, and planning must be remodeled to cope with these situations. With the promotion for the deregulation of the electric power system, the definition of the objective function for the optimization problem such as outage work operation for electric power systems is becoming critical. Currently, agents are an intense focus in many subfields of computer science and artificial intelligence. Agents are being used in an increasingly wide variety of applications.In this paper, we developed a power system normal operation application by multiagent architecture. Our multiagent system consists of several facilitator agents, equipment agents, and switch‐box agents. Facilitator agent acts as a manager for negotiation process between agents. Equipment agent corresponds to the element of the electric power system, such as bus, transformer, and transmission line, while switch‐box agent is the pseudo object which consists of neighboring current breakers and disconnecting switches. The proposed system realizes the appropriate switching operations by interacting with corresponding agents. The proposed approach is applied to a simple network, and the results show that the proposed multiagent system is an efficient decentralized approach for solving power system normal operations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(4): 26–33, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10227
A design of multivariable, self‐tuning PID controllers with an internal model structure
Authors: Ohnishi Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Toru , Omatu Sigeru 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSelf‐tuning control schemes (STC) are useful for systems with unknown or slowly time‐varying parameters. Some single‐input/single‐output PID control schemes based on STCs have been proposed for such systems. However, there are a lot of multivariable systems in real process industries. And these systems often have relatively large time delays. In this paper, a design scheme of self‐tuning PID control system is proposed for multivariable systems with unknown parameters and time delays. The controlled object is equipped with an internal model in order to compensate the time delay and also unstable zeros. Subsequently, a multivariable PID controller is designed for the augmented or compensated system. The PID parameters are calculated recursively based on the relationship between the minimum variance control law and the PID control law. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(4): 58–64, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10241
Guaranteed cost control for large‐scale systems under control gain perturbations
Authors: Mukaidani Hiroaki , Tanaka Yoshiyuki , Mizukami Koichi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe guaranteed cost control problem of the decentralized robust control for large‐scale systems with the norm‐bounded time‐varying parameter uncertainties and a given quadratic cost function is considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of guaranteed cost controllers are given in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). It is shown that decentralized local state feedback controllers can be obtained by solving the LMI. The problem of guaranteed cost control for large‐scale systems under the gain perturbations is also considered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(4): 43–57, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10265
Current tracking control of voltage source PWM inverters using adaptive digital signal processing
Authors: Fukuda Shoji , Furukawa Yuya 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn active filter (AF) is required to have a high control capability for tracking a time‐varying current reference. However, a steady‐state current error always exists if a conventional proportional and integral (PI) regulator is used because the current reference varies in time. This paper proposes the application of adaptive digital signal processing (ADSP) to the current control of voltage source PWM inverters. ADSP does not require any additional hardware. It can automatically minimize the mean‐square error. Since the available computer processing time is limited, ADSP cannot eliminate higher‐order harmonics but can eliminate lower‐order harmonics such as 5th to 17th. Experimental results demonstrate that ADSP is useful for improving the reference tracking performance of voltage source inverters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(4): 76–83, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10266
Employment of the second‐moment turbulence closure on arbitrary unstructured grids
Authors: Basara B. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe paper presents a finite‐volume calculation procedure using a second‐moment turbulence closure. The proposed method is based on a collocated variable arrangement and especially adopted for unstructured grids consisting of ‘polyhedral’ calculation volumes. An inclusion of 23k in the pressure is analysed and the impact of such an approach on the employment of the constant static pressure boundary is addressed. It is shown that this approach allows a removal of a standard but cumbersome velocity–pressure –Reynolds stress coupling procedure known as an extension of Rhie‐Chow method (AIAA J. 1983; 21: 1525–1532) for the Reynolds stresses. A novel wall treatment for the Reynolds‐stress equations and ‘polyhedral’ calculation volumes is presented. Important issues related to treatments of diffusion terms in momentum and Reynolds‐stress equations are also discussed and a new approach is proposed. Special interpolation practices implemented in a deferred‐correction fashion and related to all equations, are explained in detail. Computational results are compared with available experimental data for four very different applications: the flow in a two‐dimensional 180o turned U‐bend, the vortex shedding flow around a square cylinder, the flow around Ahmed Body and in‐cylinder engine flow. Additionally, the performance of the methodology is assessed by applying it to different computational grids. For all test cases, predictions with the second‐moment closure are compared to those of the k–εmodel. The second‐moment turbulence closure always achieves closer agreement with the measurements. A moderate increase in computing time is required for the calculations with the second‐moment closure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An upwind compact mpact approach with group velocity control for compressible flow fields
Authors: Zhu Qingyong , Li Yi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper we construct an upwind compact finite difference scheme with group velocity control for better simulation of compressible flow fields. Compared with traditional difference schemes, compact schemes have higher accuracy for the same stencil width. By means of the characteristic analysis of the operators, the group velocity of wave packets will be controlled to suppress the non‐physical oscillations in numerical solutions. In numerical simulation of the 3D compressible flow fields the third‐order accurate upwind compact operator is used to approximate the derivatives in the convection terms of the compressible N–S equations, the traditional finite difference scheme is used to approximate the viscous terms. Numerical solutions indicate that the method is satisfactory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical and experimental investigation of the interactions between a non‐uniform planar array of incompressible free jets
Authors: Manohar C. H. Isaac , Sundararajan T. , Ramjee V. , Kumar S. Sasi 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe interaction between multiple incompressible air jets has been studied numerically and experimentally. The numerical predictions have been first validated using experimental data for a single jet configuration. The spreading features of five unequal jets in the configuration of one larger central jet surrounded by four smaller equi‐distant jets, have been studied, for different lateral spacing ratios of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 and a central jet Reynolds number of 1.24×105 (corresponding to a Mach number of 0.16). Flow of five equal jets has also been simulated, for the sake of comparison. The jet interactions commence at an axial distance of about 3–4 diameters and complete by an axial distance of about 10 diameters for the lowest spacing ratio of 1.5. For larger spacing ratios, the length required for the start and completion of jet interaction increase. Peripheral jets bend more towards the central jet and merge at a smaller distance, when their sizes are smaller than that of the central jet. The entrainment ratio for multiple jets is higher than that for a single jet. Excellent agreement is observed between the experimental data and theoretical predictions for both mean flow field and turbulent quantities, at regions away from the jet inlet. The potential core length and initial jet development, however, are not predicted very accurately due to differences in the assumed and actual velocity profiles at the jet inlet. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting football results and the efficiency of fixed‐odds betting
Authors: Goddard John , Asimakopoulos Ioannis 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn ordered probit regression model estimated using 10 years' data is used to forecast English league football match results. As well as past match results data, the significance of the match for end‐of‐season league outcomes, the involvement of the teams in cup competition and the geographical distance between the two teams' home towns all contribute to the forecasting model's performance. The model is used to test the weak‐form efficiency of prices in the fixed‐odds betting market. A strategy of selecting end‐of‐season bets with a favourable expected return according to the model appears capable of generating a positive return. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medium‐term forecasts of potential GDP and inflation using age structure information
Authors: Lindh Thomas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractEconomic behaviour as well as economic resources of individuals vary with age. Swedish time series show that the age structure contains information correlated to medium‐term trends in growth and inflation. GDP gaps estimated by age structure regressions are closely related to conventional measures. Monetary policy is believed to affect inflation with a lag of 1 or 2 years. Projections of the population's age structure are comparatively reliable several years ahead and provide additional information to improve on 3–5 years‐ahead forecasts of potential GDP and inflation. Thus there is a potential scope for using age structure based forecasts as an aid to monetary policy formation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Simulation of P Values for Linkage Analysis
Authors: Song Kyunghee K. , Weeks Daniel E. , Sobel Eric , Feingold Eleanor 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn many genetic linkage analyses, the P value is obtained through simulation since the underlying distribution of the test statistic is complex and unknown. However, this can be very computationally intensive. A “bootstrap/replicate pool” approach has been suggested that generates P values more efficiently in terms of computation by resampling sums from a small set of simulated replicates for each pedigree. The replicate pool idea has been successfully applied, but, to our knowledge, has never been theoretically studied. An entirely different method for increasing the computational efficiency of P value simulation is Besag and Clifford's sequential sampling method. We propose an algorithm which combines Besag and Clifford's method with the replicate pool method to efficiently estimate P values for linkage studies. We derive variance expressions for the P value estimates from the replicate pool method and from our proposed hybrid method, and use these to show that the hybrid estimator has a substantial advantage over the other methods in most situations. Genet Epidemiol 26: 88–96, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What SNP genotyping errors are most costly for genetic association studies?
Authors: Kang Sun Jung , Gordon Derek , Finch Stephen J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWhich genotype misclassification errors are most costly, in terms of increased sample size necessary (SSN) to maintain constant asymptotic power and significance level, when performing case/control studies of genetic association? We answer this question for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using the 2×3χ2test of independence. Our strategy is to expand the noncentrality parameter of the asymptotic distribution of theχ2test under a specified alternative hypothesis to approximate SSN, using a linear Taylor series in the error parameters. We consider two scenarios: the first assumes Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for the true genotypes in both cases and controls, and the second assumes HWE only in controls. The Taylor series approximation has a relative error of less than 1% when each error rate is less than 2%. The most costly error is recording the more common homozygote as the less common homozygote, with indefinitely increasing cost coefficient as minor SNP allele frequencies approach 0 in both scenarios. The cost of misclassifying the more common homozygote to the heterozygote also becomes indefinitely large as the minor SNP allele frequency goes to 0 under both scenarios. For the violation of HWE modeled here, the cost of misclassifying a heterozygote to the less common homozygote becomes large, although bounded. Therefore, the use of SNPs with a small minor allele frequency requires careful attention to the frequency of genotyping errors to ensure that power specifications are met. Furthermore, the design of automated genotyping should minimize those errors whose cost coefficients can become indefinitely large.Genet Epidemiol26:132–141, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.