bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of pore distribution heterogeneity in carbonate rocks and its effect on acoustic anisotropy
Authors: Duan Xi , Liu Xiangjun , Liang Lixi , Xiong Jian , Ding Yi , Shi Xin , Luo Moubing , Zhu Meng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe pore structure of carbonate rocks is both complex and highly heterogeneous. Accurately assessing acoustic anisotropy is crucial for analysing and predicting the properties of carbonate reservoirs. Numerous experimental studies have investigated the acoustic anisotropy of carbonate rocks, and various fracture detection techniques have been developed. However, these studies have not adequately addressed the impact of the nonuniform distribution of rock pore structures on acoustic anisotropy. The pore structure of computed tomography scanning images of carbonate core can be obtained by using digital image processing techniques, and a method for evaluating pore distribution heterogeneity based on the box‐counting method of fractal theory was proposed. A numerical simulation of P‐wave azimuthal anisotropy was conducted, and the relationship between the pore distribution heterogeneity index and acoustic anisotropy parameters was analysed. This novel evaluation method for acoustic anisotropy provides a theoretical basis for predicting parameters in carbonate reservoirs.
rDNA Copy Number Variation and Methylation During Normal and Premature Aging
Authors: Geisen Alva B. C. , Santana Acevedo Natalia , Oshima Junko , Dittrich Marcus , Potabattula Ramya , Haaf Thomas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRibosomal RNA is the main component of the ribosome, which is essential for protein synthesis. The diploid human genome contains several hundred copies of the rDNA transcription unit (TU). Droplet digital PCR and deep bisulfite sequencing were used to determine the absolute copy number (CN) and the methylation status of individual rDNA TU in blood samples of healthy individuals. The absolute CN ranged from 243 to 895 (median 469). There was no difference in absolute CN between males and females and no gain or loss of copies with age (15–71 years). The number of rDNA TU with a completely unmethylated (0%) or lowly methylated (1%–10%) promoter region significantly decreased, whereas the number of copies with higher (11%–100%) methylation increased with age. The number of presumably active TU with a hypomethylated (0%–10%) promoter varied from 94 to 277 (median 180), independent from absolute CN. In contrast, the number of inactive hypermethylated (11%–100%) copies strongly increased with absolute CN. Promoter hypermethylation compensates to some extent for the enormous CN variation among individuals. Patients with Werner syndrome, a premature aging syndrome displayed the same CN variation and age‐related methylation changes as controls. The role of rDNA CN variation as a modulating factor in human health and disease is largely unexplored. In particular, very low and high CN may be associated with increased disease risk.
Examining the influence of encoding and retrieval contexts on 2‐ to 4‐year‐olds' acquisition of nouns and verbs
Authors: Swearengin Piper , Mihalicz Patrick , Marsh Leah , Baker Zoe , Perry Faith , Graham Susan A. , Childers Jane B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates whether the context in which a word is learnt affects noun and verb learning. There is mixed evidence in studies of noun learning, and no studies of background perceptual context in verb learning. Two‐, three‐, and four‐year‐olds (n = 162) saw a novel object moved in a novel way while hearing four novel words, either nouns or verbs. They were asked to generalize the word to a similar action or object shown in the same or different context. Results demonstrate that 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds were more accurate at test when learning nouns than verbs, demonstrating that verb learning is difficult; 4‐year‐olds were successful at learning both word types. For all ages, and both word types, context changes did not impact word learning. These results extend previous findings that context does not influence noun learning, while suggesting perceptual context may not play a major role in verb learning, which is a new finding.
The crosstalk between exosomal miRNA and ferroptosis: A narrative review
Authors: Nashtahosseini Zahra , Nejatollahi Masoumeh , Fazilat Ahmad , Zarif Fakoor Elahe , Emamvirdizadeh Alireza , Bahadori Kamran , Hadian Niloofar Sadat , Valilo Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFerroptosis is a type of cell death that multiple mechanisms and pathways contribute to the positive and negative regulation of it. For example, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce ferroptosis. Ferroptosis unlike apoptosis, it is not dependent on caspases, but is dependent on iron. Exosomes are membrane‐bound vesicles with a size of about 30 to 150 nm, contain various cellular components, including DNA, RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), lipids, and proteins, which are genetically similar to their cells of origin. Exosomes are found in all bodily fluids, including blood, saliva, and urine. Cells often release exosomes after their fusion with the cell membrane. They play an important role in immune regulation and cell‐cell communication. miRNAs, which are noncoding RNAs with a length of about 18 to 24 nucleotides, are involved in regulating gene expression after transcription. Emerging data suggests that exosomal miRNAs are implicated in various pathophysiological mechanisms of cells, including metastasis, drug resistance, and cell death. In addition, functional studies have indicated that exosomal miRNAs can play a key role in the modulation of cell death by regulating ferroptosis. Therefore, in this review, given the importance of exosomal miRNAs in ferroptosis, we decided to elucidate the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and ferroptosis in various diseases.
Debate: Where to next for universal school‐based mental health interventions? Can research led by young people shape universal solutions for mental health and suicide prevention in school settings?
Authors: Hetrick Sarah , Sharma Vartika 
Published: January 2025

We have engaged in work that aligns with the call from Birrell et al. (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2024), particularly in terms of thinking about co‐design with young people to develop new outcomes and targets of universal school‐based interventions. We engaged young people in a Cochrane systematic review and co‐designed the outcomes for this review. What emerged was the need for research led by young people to develop and evaluate innovative universal school‐based interventions that focus on creating environments that build and support young people's ability to cope by expressing and managing emotions. Whole‐of‐school approaches that ensure compassionate and caring responses can support the development of coping skills to manage distress, mental illness, self‐harm and suicidal ideation.
Effects of protection on large‐bodied reef fishes in the western Indian Ocean
Authors: Samoilys Melita , Osuka Kennedy E. , Roche Ronan , Koldewey Heather , Chabanet Pascale 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPredatory and large‐bodied coral reef fishes have fundamental roles in the functioning and biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems, but their populations are declining, largely due to overexploitation in fisheries. These fishes include sharks, groupers, Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus), and Green Humphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum). In the western Indian Ocean, this situation is exacerbated by limited population data on these fishes, including from conventional visual census methods, which limit the surface area surveyed. We developed a rapid timed scuba swim survey approach for application over large areas for estimation of the abundance of large‐bodied reef fishes and assessment of the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) in maintaining these species’ populations. Using this method, we sampled 7 regions in the western central Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden, including 2 remote reference locations where fishing is prohibited. Eight families were selected for the surveys from across 3 categories: pelagic, demersal, and large‐bodied single species. Sharks (Carcharhinidae) were absent in 5 of the 7 regions, observed only in Mozambique and the Chagos Archipelago. Tunas (Scombridae) and barracudas (Sphyraenidae) were rarely observed (none in Madagascar, Djibouti, and Iles Glorieuses). The Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) was absent in all regions, Humphead wrasse was absent in Comoros and Iles Glorieuses, and Green Humphead parrotfish was observed at only one site in Tanzania. The MPAs were not effective in protecting these single large‐bodied species or the 4 pelagic families, except for sharks in the highly protected reference locations. However, MPAs with medium levels of protection were effective in maintaining the abundance of some demersal families, notably large‐bodied groupers. Our results support the hypothesis of local extirpation of these large‐bodied fishes on many coral reefs in the western Indian Ocean.
Web‐based ecological evidence entry form enables consistent, accessible extraction and visualization for synthesis applications
Authors: Ridley Caroline E. , Hansen Casey , Byrley Peter , Greaver Tara , Kaylor S. Douglas , Rice R. Byron , Schofield Kate A. , Shapiro Andrew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractApplying scientific evidence to conservation, environmental management, and policy‐making improves outcomes. When synthesizing existing evidence, substantial resources are required to access and read scientific publications and extract and analyze decision‐relevant information. To improve this process, we developed a free, publicly available, web‐based evidence entry form tailored to extract information about cause‐effect relationships from ecological publications. The form enables storage, retrieval, reuse, and visualization of qualitative and quantitative ecological and environmental evidence extracted from publications. Evidence can be analyzed for a wide range of synthesis purposes (e.g., causal assessments, hypothesis testing) and approaches (e.g., rapid reviews, meta‐analyses). The database schema underlying the form logically relates information about (a) a publication, (b) its experimental design(s), and (c) reported cause‐effect relationships. An ontology of controlled terminology enables consistent extraction and characterization of causes and effects across users, facilitating evidence reuse. Future capabilities include customization of terminology and incorporation of study quality information.
The polycomb protein complex interacts with GATA‐6/PPARα to inhibit α‐MHC expression
Authors: Dai Fei‐Fei , Chen Jing , Ma Zhen , Yang Ming‐Hui , Sun Tong , Ma Juan , Zhou Meng‐Jiao , Wei Zhi‐Ru , Zou Yunzeng , Zhang Shoutao , Zang Ming‐Xi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTranscription factors collaborate with epigenetic regulatory factors to orchestrate cardiac differentiation for heart development, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report that GATA‐6 induces cardiac differentiation but peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) reverses GATA‐6‐induced cardiac differentiation, possibly because GATA‐6/PPARα recruits the polycomb protein complex containing EZH2/Ring1b/BMI1 to the promoter of the cardiac‐specific α‐myosin heavy chain (α‐MHC) gene and suppresses α‐MHC expression, which ultimately inhibits cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, Ring1b ubiquitylates PPARα and GATA‐6. By overexpression and knockout of EZH2/BMI1, it was demonstrated that the polycomb protein complex inhibits cardiac differentiation induced by GATA‐6 and PPARα. Together, our results demonstrate that the polycomb protein complex interacts with GATA‐6/PPARα to inhibit cardiac differentiation, a finding that could facilitate the development of new therapies for congenital heart disease.
Measuring self‐similarity in empirical signals to understand musical beat perception
Authors: Lenc Tomas , Lenoir Cédric , Keller Peter E. , Polak Rainer , Mulders Dounia , Nozaradan Sylvie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractExperiencing music often entails the perception of a periodic beat. Despite being a widespread phenomenon across cultures, the nature and neural underpinnings of beat perception remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in developing methods to probe these processes, particularly to measure the extent to which beat‐related information is contained in behavioral and neural responses. Here, we propose a theoretical framework and practical implementation of an analytic approach to capture beat‐related periodicity in empirical signals using frequency‐tagging. We highlight its sensitivity in measuring the extent to which the periodicity of a perceived beat is represented in a range of continuous time‐varying signals with minimal assumptions. We also discuss a limitation of this approach with respect to its specificity when restricted to measuring beat‐related periodicity only from the magnitude spectrum of a signal and introduce a novel extension of the approach based on autocorrelation to overcome this issue. We test the new autocorrelation‐based method using simulated signals and by re‐analyzing previously published data and show how it can be used to process measurements of brain activity as captured with surface EEG in adults and infants in response to rhythmic inputs. Taken together, the theoretical framework and related methodological advances confirm and elaborate the frequency‐tagging approach as a promising window into the processes underlying beat perception and, more generally, temporally coordinated behaviors.
A Non‐Equilibrium Species Distribution Model Reveals Unprecedented Depth of Time Lag Responses to Past Environmental Change Trajectories
Authors: Lalechère Etienne , Marrec Ronan , Lenoir Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have demonstrated legacy effects of current species distributions to past environmental conditions, but the temporal extent of such time lag dynamics remains unknown. Here, we have developed a non‐equilibrium Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) approach quantifying the temporal extent that must be taken into account to capture 95% of the effect that a given time series of past environmental conditions has on the current distribution of a species. We applied this approach on the distribution of 92 European forest birds in response to past trajectories of change in forest cover and climate. We found that non‐equilibrium SDMs outperformed traditional SDMs for 95% of the species. Non‐equilibrium SDMs suggest unprecedented long‐lasting effects of past global changes (average time lag extent ranged from 9 to 231 years). This framework can help to relax the equilibrium hypothesis of traditional SDMs and to improve future predictions of biodiversity redistribution in response to global changes.
The Interactive Role of Climatic Transfer Distance and Overstory Retention on Douglas‐Fir Seedling Survival and Height Growth in Interior British Columbia
Authors: Harris Thomson C. , Roach W. Jean , Miller Erin M. , Simard Suzanne W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe future climatic niche of interior Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Mirb.] Franco) is expected to have little spatial overlap with its current range due to climate change. The resulting misalignment of the climatic niche and species distribution is expected to result in many forests becoming maladapted in their current location, thus increasing vulnerability to disturbance and reducing productivity. This novel study examined the individual and interactive effects of climatic transfer distance and silviculture systems on planted 3‐year‐old Douglas‐fir seedlings across the natural range of interior Douglas‐fir in British Columbia. Several climatic transfer distance variables were considered, and the silviculture systems tested comprised the following gradients of tree retention: 0% retention (clearcut), 10% dispersed retention (seed‐tree), 30% aggregate retention, and 60% aggregate retention with thinning from below. Using linear mixed effect models, we found that survival and height were positively correlated with movements of seedlings to warmer, wetter, and more humid climates. Moisture availability had a stronger influence than temperature, indicating that seedlings transferred to warmer but more arid climates would experience decreased survival and height. Where seedlings were transferred to climates with greater frost frequency or decreased humidity, greater retention of overstory trees improved survival and height. Conversely, movements to more favorable climatic conditions (warmer and wetter) resulted in improved survival and height where overstory retention was low. Our findings suggest that genetic reshuffling of populations through assisted migration could benefit from overstory retention where stressful climatic conditions due to aridity or increased frost frequency occur.
Persistent Effects of Landscape Context on Recruitment Dynamics During Secondary Succession of Tropical Forests
Authors: van Breugel Michiel , Hall Jefferson S. , Bailon Mario , Craven Dylan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale reforestation is promoted as an important strategy to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. A persistent challenge for efforts to restore ecosystems at scale is how to accelerate ecological processes, particularly natural regeneration. Yet, despite being recognized as an important barrier to the recovery of diverse plant communities in tropical agricultural landscapes, the impacts of dispersal limitation on natural regeneration in secondary forests—and especially how this changes as these forests grow older—are still poorly studied. In a region where animals have been shown to be the dominant seed dispersers, we evaluate the impacts of proximity to a connected network of narrow streamside strips of forest (SSF) on recruitment in 1–40‐year‐old secondary forests. We used 8 years of annual census data from 45 sites with paired plots, one directly adjoining an SSF and the other further uphill (henceforth “landscape context”), and a null model approach to test the effects of proximity to SSFs and basal area, while accounting for variation in soil, topography, and distance between plots and stand structure. In general, we found that landscape context affects multiple aspects of recruitment, including species diversity and the proportion of rarer and less‐widely distributed species among the recruits. Unexpectedly, this effect did not weaken over time, despite a fast increase in stand basal area and diversity. This suggests that forest development over the first decades of succession may not be sufficient to attract the animals that disperse rarer tree species. Our results provide empirical evidence to guide restoration initiatives in agricultural landscapes in tropical regions, principally prioritizing the restoration of forest corridor networks along streams, while also highlighting the knowledge gap about restoring animal dispersers in secondary forests.
Inclusive Education for University Students With and Without Intellectual Disabilities: Effectiveness of an Anti‐Stigma Intervention
Authors: Moraleda Ruano Álvaro , Ruiz Vicente Diana , Mampaso Desbrow Joanne , Galán‐Casado Diego 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study examines stigma and self‐stigma towards individuals with intellectual disabilities among university students, focusing on cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions. It highlights the negative impact on social inclusion and the importance of educational interventions.MethodsA quantitative pre‐/post‐test design with a control group assessed stigma towards intellectual disabilities. Differences based on the presence of intellectual disabilities and the effectiveness of an anti‐stigma intervention was evaluated using the Goratu questionnaire.ResultsNo significant gender differences in stigma levels were found. Students with intellectual disabilities showed significantly higher stigma levels compared to their peers without disabilities. The anti‐stigma intervention improved attitudes in the experimental group versus the control group.ConclusionsFindings support the efficacy of educational interventions in reducing stigma and promoting inclusive attitudes. Despite limitations like potential social desirability bias, this research offers valuable insights for policymakers and educators to enhance social inclusion and reduce stigma.
Very High‐Power Short‐Duration Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lengauer Sarah , Erhard Nico , Popa Miruna A. , Telishevska Marta , Krafft Hannah , Bahlke Fabian , Englert Florian , Bourier Felix , Reents Tilko , Deisenhofer Isabel , Hessling Gabriele 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionData regarding safety and long‐term outcome of very high‐power‐short duration (vHPSD) ablation in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking.MethodsRetrospective observational single‐center study. The data of 66 consecutive ACHD patients (mean age 60 ± 12.8 years, 46% male) with mild (69.7%), moderate (22.7%), or complex (7.6%) congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent ablation for paroxysmal (40.9%) or persistent AF (59.1%) were analyzed. Circumferential PVI was performed in all patients and additional substrate ablation in 79,4% of persistent AF patients using irrigated RF energy with vHPSD settings of 70 W/5–7 s or 60 W/7–10 s.ResultsMean procedure time was 123.6 ± 42 min with a mean RF time of 18.19 ± 10 min. No technique related adverse events occurred. Vascular access complications were detected in seven patients (10.6%) requiring intervention in four patients (6%). A median follow‐up time of 491 days (IQR: 194–1054 days). Freedom from any atrial arrhythmia off antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) at 1 year was present in 58% of patients (77.8% with paroxysmal AF, 43.6% with persistent AF).ConclusionvHPSD for ablation of paroxysmal or persistent AF in ACHD patients is safe and effective. Regardless of CHD complexity, no vHPSD ablation modality related complications occurred. Long‐term outcome for paroxysmal AF after one ablation was excellent whereas results for persistent AF were limited.
PSC1, a basic/helix–loop–helix transcription factor controlling the purplish‐red testa trait in peanut
Authors: Zhao Kunkun , Zhang Jingjing , Fan Yi , Du Xufa , Zhu Shuliang , Li Zhongfeng , Qiu Ding , Cao Zenghui , Ma Qian , Li Yaoyao , Cao Di , Hu Sasa , Zhao Kai , Gong Fangping , Ren Rui , Ma Xingli , Zhang Xingguo , Yin Dongmei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSeed color is a key agronomic trait in crops such as peanut, where it is a vital indicator of both nutritional and commercial value. In recent years, peanuts with darker seed coats have gained market attention due to their high anthocyanin content. Here, we used bulk segregant analysis to identify the gene associated with the purplish‐red coat trait and identified a novel gene encoding a basic/helix–loop–helix transcription factor, PURPLE RED SEED COAT1 (PSC1), which regulates the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seed coat. Specifically, we found that a 35‐bp insertion in the PSC1 promoter increased the abundance of PSC1 mRNA. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the purplish‐red color of the seed coat was the result of decreased expression of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), leading to increased accumulation of delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin derivatives. Further analysis revealed that PSC1 interacts with AhMYB7 to form a complex that specifically binds to the ANR promoter to suppress its expression, resulting in increased anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, overexpression of PSC1 increased anthocyanin content in Arabidopsis thaliana and peanut callus. Our study reveals a new gene that controls seed coat color by regulating anthocyanin metabolism and provides a valuable genetic resource for breeding peanuts with a purplish‐red seed coat.