bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process through which nurses providing care to COVID‐19 patients recognize professional growth: A Trajectory Equifinality Model
Authors: Inoue Maho , Takemura Yukie , Kitamura Aya , Isobe Tamaki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThis study investigated the ways in which nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients during the pandemic's early stages recognized professional growth through their experiences and continued working for several years, as well as the key experiences for identifying professional growth, external factors, and career intentions.MethodsWe used a qualitative research method called the Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM). The participants were nine nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients during the pandemic's early stages and had already recognized professional growth through a series of experiences. We constructed a TEM diagram based on two interviews per participant (in February–March, and July–August 2022).ResultsThe process by which the participants recognized professional growth through a series of experiences was divided into Phases 1–4. The participants experienced adversity in Phases 1 and 3, and the following professional growth in Phases 2 and 4: gaining confidence as a nurse performing tasks of great social significance by acquiring the ability to fulfill my roles and realizing I could use the skills I had acquired by providing nursing care to COVID‐19 patients in other situations, respectively. The key experiences for identifying professional growth as well as the inhibiting and facilitating factors of the process differed depending on the phase. The participants' career intention was wanting to continue to be involved in nursing by utilizing the skills and experience I have accumulated.ConclusionManagers and directors of nursing should provide appropriate support in each phase to help nurses recognize their professional growth during emerging epidemics.
Mothers' and birthing parents' experiences with 1‐day cognitive behavioural therapy‐based workshops for postpartum depression: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Varambally Meghna , Layton Haley , Jack Susan M. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: December 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat Is Known about the Subject?

One in five mothers and birthing parents are affected by postpartum depression (PPD), yet only a small proportion of those with PPD receive treatment.

Given cost and accessibility barriers to treatment, brief therapies (e.g. 1 day) could help address PPD on a large scale, though understanding participants' unique experiences with this novel treatment will help guide its refinement and use.

What this Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge?

This paper describes the experiences, perspectives and satisfaction of participants who attended a 1‐day workshop for PPD.

Participants appreciate being taught practical techniques and the receipt of social support from facilitators and other attendees in the group setting, while some recommended further ‘booster sessions’ to enhance effectiveness.

What Are the Implications for Practice?

One‐day CBT‐based workshops may be an effective, low‐intensity treatment option that provides helpful skills and builds social networks for individuals with PPD.

Additional post‐workshop booster sessions may enhance participant satisfaction with this new treatment by providing a reinforcement of their learning and an opportunity to re‐connect with other birthing parents.

AbstractIntroductionPostpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents. Understanding their perceptions of therapeutic interventions is key to their effectiveness and scalability.AimThe aim of the study was to understand participants' experiences attending an in‐person or online 1‐day cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)‐based workshop for PPD and compare their experiences participating in either modality.MethodThis descriptive qualitative study was embedded in two separate randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of 1‐day CBT‐based workshops for PPD delivered in‐person or online. Responses were provided by 94 in‐person and 95 online participants about their experiences. Content analysis was used to code and categorize the data.ResultsParticipants appreciated learning skills to improve PPD symptoms and joining a community of individuals with shared experiences. Integrating practical coping techniques after the workshop was reported to be most useful, though some wanted additional post‐workshop support. Online participants identified additional barriers to workshop engagement.DiscussionParticipants who attended either workshop found them to be valuable and effective. Participants valued psychoeducation, social connections and applying practical CBT techniques.Implications for PracticeOne‐day CBT‐based workshops may be an accessible treatment option for individuals with PPD, providing new skills and social support, though some prefer to receive additional post‐workshop support.
Population genomic structure of a widespread, urban‐dwelling mammal: The eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Authors: Fusco Nicole A. , Cosentino Bradley J. , Gibbs James P. , Allen Maximilian L. , Blumenfeld Alexander J. , Boettner George H. , Carlen Elizabeth J. , Collins Merri , Dennison Catherine , DiGiacopo Devin , Drapeau Picard André‐Philippe , Edmonson Jonathan , Fisher‐Reid M. Caitlin , Fyffe Rebecca , Gallo Travis , Grant Alannah , Harbold William , Heard Stephen B. , Lafferty Diana J. R. , Lehtinen Richard M. , Marino Shealyn , McDonald John E. , Mortelliti Alessio , Murray Maureen , Newman Amy , Oswald Krista N. , Ott‐Conn Caitlin , Richardson Jonathan L. , Rimbach Rebecca , Salaman Paul , Steele Michael , Stothart Mason R. , Urban Mark C. , Vandegrift Kurt , Vanek John P. , Vanderluit Sean N. , Vezina Lucie , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrbanization is a persistent and widespread driver of global environmental change, potentially shaping evolutionary processes due to genetic drift and reduced gene flow in cities induced by habitat fragmentation and small population sizes. We tested this prediction for the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), a common and conspicuous forest‐dwelling rodent, by obtaining 44K SNPs using reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) for 403 individuals sampled across the species' native range in eastern North America. We observed moderate levels of genetic diversity, low levels of inbreeding, and only a modest signal of isolation‐by‐distance. Clustering and migration analyses show that estimated levels of migration and genetic connectivity were higher than expected across cities and forested areas, specifically within the eastern portion of the species' range dominated by urbanization, and genetic connectivity was less than expected within the western range where the landscape is fragmented by agriculture. Landscape genetic methods revealed greater gene flow among individual squirrels in forested regions, which likely provide abundant food and shelter for squirrels. Although gene flow appears to be higher in areas with more tree cover, only slight discontinuities in gene flow suggest eastern grey squirrels have maintained connected populations across urban areas in all but the most heavily fragmented agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest urbanization shapes biological evolution in wildlife species depending strongly on the composition and habitability of the landscape matrix surrounding urban areas.
Forward‐in‐time simulation of chromosomal rearrangements: The invisible backbone that sustains long‐term adaptation
Authors: Banse Paul , Luiselli Juliette , Parsons David P. , Grohens Théotime , Foley Marco , Trujillo Leonardo , Rouzaud‐Cornabas Jonathan , Knibbe Carole , Beslon Guillaume 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile chromosomal rearrangements are ubiquitous in all domains of life, very little is known about their evolutionary significance, mostly because, apart from a few specifically studied and well‐documented mechanisms (interaction with recombination, gene duplication, etc.), very few models take them into account. As a consequence, we lack a general theory to account for their direct and indirect contributions to evolution. Here, we propose Aevol, a forward‐in‐time simulation platform specifically dedicated to unravelling the evolutionary significance of chromosomal rearrangements (CR) compared to local mutations (LM). Using the platform, we evolve populations of organisms in four conditions characterized by an increasing diversity of mutational operators—from substitutions alone to a mix of substitutions, InDels and CR—but with a constant global mutational rate. Despite being almost invisible in the phylogeny owing to the scarcity of their fixation in the lineages, we show that CR make a decisive contribution to the evolutionary dynamics by comparing the outcome in these four conditions. As expected, chromosomal rearrangements allow fast expansion of the gene repertoire through gene duplication, but they also reduce the effect of diminishing‐returns epistasis, hence sustaining adaptation on the long‐run. At last, we show that chromosomal rearrangements tightly regulate the size of the genome through indirect selection for reproductive robustness. Overall, these results confirm the need to improve our theoretical understanding of the contribution of chromosomal rearrangements to evolution and show that dedicated platforms like Aevol can efficiently contribute to this agenda.
Developmental models shed light on the earliest dental tissues, using Astraspis as an example
Authors: Houée Guillaume , Bardin Jérémie , Germain Damien , Janvier Philippe , Goudemand Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFossils of extinct jawless vertebrates are pivotal to deciphering the evolutionary paths that led to the various forms of the vertebrate skeleton. For example, Pteraspidomorphs (stem‐gnathostomes), such as the Ordovician Astraspis, display some of the oldest remains of bony and ‘dental’ (dentine and enameloid) tissues. However, the identification of the very nature of these early mineralized tissues has been hampered by a lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters. As development is key to identifying the derivation of these tissues, we developed an integrative and generic histogenetic model, testing several ontogenetic scenarios. We illustrate our approach on the basis of the well‐preserved Astraspis samples and show how this can be used to infer key developmental features from extinct species. This study suggests that in the odontodes of Astraspis: (1) the initial curvature of the epithelium was close to the shape of the final external surface; (2) the mesenchymal cells differentiate synchronously in the whole inner periphery; and (3) the capping tissue was produced by both mesenchymal and epithelial cells (enameloid rather than enamel). Astraspis specimens also provide evidence of a dual growth periodicity, possibly homologous to Andresen and von Ebner growth lines observed in amniotes, suggesting this type of dual periodicity may be shared by most vertebrates. We estimated that an Astraspis odontode grew up in around 60–70 days at a rate of 0.5–5 μm/day. The new developmental approach proposed in this study could be a robust framework for critically evaluating the tissues of extinct taxa in the future.
Current pediatric pain practice in Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia: A prospective survey of anesthetists
Authors: Bhettay Anisa , Gray Rebecca , Desalu Ibironke , Parker Romy , Maswime Salome 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren in hospital experience significant pain, either inherent with their pathology, or caused by diagnostic/therapeutic procedures. Little is known about pediatric pain practices in sub‐Saharan Africa. This survey aimed to gain insight into current pain management practices among specialist physician anesthetists in four sub‐Saharan African countries.MethodsA survey was sent to 365 specialist physician anesthetists in Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. Content analysis included descriptive information about the respondents and their work environment. Thematic analysis considered resources available for pediatric pain management, personal and institutional pain practices.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐six responses were received (response rate 45.5%), with data from 141 analyzed; Nigeria (27), South Africa (52), Uganda (41) and Zambia (21). Most respondents (71.83%) worked at tertiary/national referral hospitals. The majority of respondents (130/141, 91.55%) had received teaching in pediatric pain management. Good availability was reported for simple analgesia, opioids, ketamine, and local anesthetics. Just over half always/often had access to nurses trained in pediatric care, and infusion pumps for continuous drug delivery. Catheters for regional anesthesia techniques and for patient‐controlled analgesia were largely unavailable. Two thirds (94/141, 66.67%) did not have an institutional pediatric pain management guideline, but good pharmacological pain management practices were reported, in line with World Health Organization recommendations. Eighty‐eight respondents (62.41%) indicated that they felt appropriate pain control in children was always/often achieved in their setting.ConclusionThis survey provides insight into pediatric pain practices in these four countries. Good availability of a variety of analgesics, positive pain prescription practices, and utilization of some non‐pharmacological pain management strategies are encouraging, and suggest that achieving good pain control despite limited resources is attainable. Areas for improvement include the development of institutional guidelines, routine utilization of pain assessment tools, and access to regional anesthesia and other advanced pain management techniques.
Variables associated with nonresponders to high‐frequency (10 kHz) spinal cord stimulation
Authors: Tieppo Francio Vinicius , Alm John , Leavitt Logan , Mok Daniel , Yoon B. Victor , Nazir Niaman , Lam Christopher , Latif Usman , Sowder Timothy , Braun Edward , Sack Andrew , Khan Talal , Sayed Dawood 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy to treat chronic pain continues to rise. Optimal patient selection remains one of the most important factors for SCS success. However, despite increased utilization and the existence of general indications, predicting which patients will benefit from neuromodulation remains one of the main challenges for this therapy. Therefore, this study aims to identify the variables that may correlate with nonresponders to high‐frequency (10 kHz) SCS to distinguish the subset of patients less likely to benefit from this intervention.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center observational study of patients who underwent 10 kHz SCS implant. Patients were divided into nonresponders and responders groups. Demographic data and clinical outcomes were collected at baseline and statistical analysis was performed for all continuous and categorical variables between the two groups to calculate statistically significant differences.ResultsThe study population comprised of 237 patients, of which 67.51% were responders and 32.49% were nonresponders. There was a statistically significant difference of high levels of kinesiophobia, high self‐perceived disability, greater pain intensity, and clinically relevant pain catastrophizing at baseline in the nonresponders compared to the responders. A few variables deemed potentially relevant, such as age, gender, history of spinal surgery, diabetes, alcohol use, tobacco use, psychiatric illness, and opioid utilization at baseline were not statistically significant.ConclusionOur study is the first in the neuromodulation literature to raise awareness to the association of high levels of kinesiophobia preoperatively in nonresponders to 10 kHz SCS therapy. We also found statistically significant differences with greater pain intensity, higher self‐perceived disability, and clinically relevant pain catastrophizing at baseline in the nonresponders relative to responders. It may be appropriate to screen for these factors preoperatively to identify patients who are less likely to respond to SCS. If these modifiable risk factors are present, it might be prudent to consider a pre‐rehabilitation program with pain neuroscience education to address these factors prior to SCS therapy, to enhance successful outcomes in neuromodulation.
Feasibility of Mobile Application-Delivered Mindfulness Meditation for Individuals After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Baez Shelby , Genoese Francesca , Reiche Elaine , Harkey Matthew , Kuenze Christopher , Moser Jason , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: December 2023

Mindfulness meditation (MM) has decreased kinesiophobia in patients with knee pathologies. Mobile application-delivered MM (Mobile MM) may reduce kinesiophobia in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility (i.e., retention, adherence, and acceptability) and preliminary efficacy of a 4-week Mobile MM intervention in individuals with a history of ACLR. Nine participants ≥1 year post unilateral ACLR completed 12 sessions of Mobile MM over 4 weeks via the Headspace mobile application that were facilitated remotely through a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ACT of 1996 (HIPAA) compliant teleconference system. Participant retention of 100% and intervention adherence of 100% were observed. Participants reported moderate to high acceptability for the Mobile MM. A large between-group effect size of 1.6 [0.13, 2.98] in the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 change score was observed. Mobile MM is a feasible intervention to address kinesiophobia in individuals with a history of ACLR.
Raising the alarm: fosfomycin resistance associated with non-susceptible inner colonies imparts no fitness cost to the primary bacterial uropathogen
Authors: Bermudez Tomas A. , Brannon John R. , Dudipala Neha , Reasoner Seth , Morales Grace , Wiebe Michelle , Cecala Mia , DaCosta Michael , Beebout Connor , Amir Omar , Hadjifrangiskou Maria 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Fosfomycin kills bacteria by blocking the binding of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the bacterial enzyme MurA and halting peptidoglycan synthesis. While fosfomycin use has increased, the mechanisms leading to fosfomycin resistance remain relatively unexplored. In uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC) that accounts for >75% of urinary tract infections (UTIs), fosfomycin enters the cell primarily through UhpT, which transports glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) glycolysis intermediate into the cell. Mutations in
uhp
T decrease fosfomycin susceptibility and have been identified during antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in non-susceptible inner colonies that form within the zone of inhibition. However, EUCAST and CLSI guidelines differ in how to read fosfomycin AST when such resistant colonies arise. We and others demonstrated that glycolysis is dispensable during acute UTI. Moreover, G6P is scarce in urine, prompting us to test the hypothesis that
uhp
mutations may not impart a fitness cost to the pathogen. We report that loss of
uhp,
indeed, does not impair UPEC pathogenesis in a well-established murine model of UTI and that clinical isolates exist that lack
uhp
altogether. Analysis of non-susceptible inner colonies revealed a suite of novel genes involved in fosfomycin resistance. One of them, PykF, converts PEP to pyruvate during glycolysis. Single deletions of
pykF
or its anaerobic homolog
pykA
do not attenuate UPEC. Based on our data, we raise the alarm that multiple routes lead to fosfomycin resistance that does not affect colonization and persistence in the host urinary tract. We propose that the current EUCAST and CLSI guidelines unify how they evaluate fosfomycin AST.

IMPORTANCE

While fosfomycin resistance is rare, the observation of non-susceptible subpopulations among clinical
Escherichia coli
isolates is a common phenomenon during antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in American and European clinical labs. Previous evidence suggests that mutations eliciting this phenotype are of high biological cost to the pathogen during infection, leading to current recommendations of neglecting non-susceptible colonies during AST. Here, we report that the most common route to fosfomycin resistance, as well as novel routes described in this work, does not impair virulence in uropathogenic
E. coli
, the major cause of urinary tract infections, suggesting a re-evaluation of current susceptibility guidelines is warranted.
Mutations in genes
lpxL1
,
bamA
, and
pmrB
impair the susceptibility of cystic fibrosis strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to murepavadin
Authors: Ghassani Aya , Triponney Pauline , Bour Maxime , Plésiat Patrick , Jeannot Katy ,   MucoMicrobes study Group, Cardot-Martin Emilie , Cattoir Vincent , Crémet Lise , Doléan-Jordheim Anne , Ferroni Agnès , Garnier Fabien , Guet-Revillet Hélène , Guillard Thomas , Hery-Arnaud Geneviève , Imbert Guenièvre , Mariani Patricia 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Murepavadin is a peptidomimetic exhibiting specific inhibitory activity against
Pseudomonas
species. In the present study, its
in vitro
activity was assessed on 230 cystic fibrosis (CF) strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolated from 12 French hospitals, in comparison with 12 other antipseudomonal antibiotics. Although murepavadin is still in preclinical stage of development, 9.1% (
n
= 21) of strains had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >4 mg/L, a level at least 128-fold higher than the modal MIC value of the whole collection (≤0.06 mg/L). Whole-genome sequencing of these 21 strains along with more susceptible isogenic counterparts coexisting in the same patients revealed diverse mutations in genes involved in the synthesis (
lpxL1
and
lpxL2
) or transport of lipopolysaccharides (
bamA
,
lptD
, and
msbA
), or encoding histidine kinases of two-component systems (
pmrB
and
cbrA
). Allelic replacement experiments with wild-type reference strain PAO1 confirmed that alteration of genes
lpxL1
,
bamA,
and/or
pmrB
can decrease the murepavadin susceptibility from 8- to 32-fold. Furthermore, we found that specific amino acid substitutions in histidine kinase PmrB (G188D, Q105P, and D45E) reduce the susceptibility of
P. aeruginosa
to murepavadin, colistin, and tobramycin, three antibiotics used or intended to be used (murepavadin) in aerosols to treat colonized CF patients. Whether colistin or tobramycin may select mutants resistant to murepavadin or the opposite needs to be addressed by clinical studies.