bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of rewilding in mitigating hydrological extremes: State of the evidence
Authors: Harvey Gemma L. , Hartley Adam T. , Henshaw Alexander J. , Khan Zareena , Clarke Stewart J. , Sandom Christopher J. , England Judy , King Sara , Venn Orlando 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLandscape rewilding has the potential to help mitigate hydrological extremes by allowing natural processes to function. Our systematic review assessed the evidence base for rewilding‐driven mitigation of high and low flows. The review uncovers a lack of research directly addressing rewilding, but highlights research in analogue contexts which can, with caution, indicate the nature of change. There is a lack of before‐after studies that enable deeper examination of temporal trajectories and legacy effects, and a lack of research on the scrub and shrubland habitats common in rewilding projects. Over twice as much evidence is available for high flows compared to low flows, and fewer than one third of studies address high and low flows simultaneously, limiting our understanding of co‐benefits and contrasting effects. Flow magnitude variables are better represented within the literature than flow timing variables, and there is greater emphasis on modeling for high flows, and on direct measurement for low flows. Most high flow studies report a mitigating effect, but with variability in the magnitude of effect, and some exceptions. The nature of change for low flows is more complex and suggests a higher potential for increased low flow risks associated with certain trajectories but is based on a very narrow evidence base. We recommend that future research aims to: capture effects on both high and low flow extremes for a given type of change; analyze both magnitude and timing characteristics of flow extremes; and examine temporal trajectories (before and after data) ideally using a full before‐after‐control‐impact design.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Value of Water
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Ambiguity, Uncoupling, and Autonomy: The Criminology of Organizational Middle-Management
Authors: Almond Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe criminological study of corporate crime provides a source of insights into the key role of middle-managers in navigating the tensions between compliance-based and initiative-based approaches to safety. From an initial focus on individual and organizational motivations, the discipline has moved to highlight instead the influence of breakdowns in the connections between individual and organization. Three such grounds of disconnection (problems of ambiguity, structural uncoupling, and autonomy deficits) will be explored, and their implications for understandings of middle-managers’ role will be analyzed.
The Effects of Top Managers’ Organizational Reliability Orientation
Authors: Ramanujam Rangaraj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe implicit theories that top managers hold about organizational reliability potentially exert strong effects on how frontline employees approach the task of managing reliability and, hence, on reliability-linked outcomes. Specifically, such implicit theories (“orientation” for short) can be thought of as varying along a continuum ranging from modular at one end to systemic at the other. A more modular orientation leads to a stronger organizational emphasis on strict compliance, whereas a more systemic orientation emphasizes local initiative by enabling employees to go “above and beyond” formal rules when appropriate. I describe the two ends of the continuum and their implications for organizational reliability. I then point out recent trends that warrant a shift toward a systemic orientation across industries and discuss some initial implications for research and practice.
Virtuell abgehaltene DEGUM-zertifizierte Kurse im Kopf-Hals-Bereich – eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zum konventionellen Kursformat?
Authors: Hillebrand Gabriel , Gartmeier Martin , Weiss Nora , Engelmann Luca , Stenzl Anna , Johnson Felix , Hofauer Benedikt 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Ausbildung im klinischen Ultraschall hat eine hohe Relevanz für die Tätigkeit als HNO-Arzt erlangt. Trotz der hohen Nachfrage nach standardisierten und zertifizierten Ausbildungskursen und vielversprechender Daten zu webbasierten und virtuell durchgeführten Ultraschallfortbildungen aus anderen Fachbereichen existieren bisher keine Untersuchungen zur Machbarkeit von rein virtuell durchgeführten, gemäß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin (DEGUM-)zertifizierten Kopf-Hals-Ultraschallkursen.

Zielsetzung
Ziel der Arbeit ist deshalb die qualitative und semiquantitative Analyse der ersten rein virtuell durchgeführten DEGUM-zertifizierten Kopf-Hals-Ultraschallkurse.

Material und Methoden
Im Jahr 2021 wurden 3 rein virtuelle, webbasierte DEGUM-zertifizierte Kopf-Hals-Ultraschallkurse durchgeführt sowie anschließend mittels Fragebogen inklusive Lernkontrolle qualitativ analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Die rein virtuelle Durchführung von DEGUM-Kopf-Hals-Ultraschallkursen erwies sich als machbare Alternative zum konventionellen Kursformat mit einer hohen Akzeptanz unter den Teilnehmern. Die fehlende praktische Übung durch die Teilnehmer bleibt dabei ein relevanter Kritikpunkt.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine zunehmende Verlagerung von Fortbildungsveranstaltungen in den virtuellen Raum scheint auch im Bereich der Lehre sonographischer Fähigkeiten je nach gegebenen Grundvoraussetzungen sinnvoll, jedoch weist eine vollständig virtuelle Durchführung sonographischer Lehrinhalte Defizite in der Übermittlung und Überprüfbarkeit des praktischen Lernerfolgs auf.
Assisting the implementation of screening for type 1 diabetes by using artificial intelligence on publicly available data
Authors: Teixeira Pedro F. , Battelino Tadej , Carlsson Anneli , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Hannelius Ulf , von Herrath Matthias , Knip Mikael , Korsgren Olle , Elding Larsson Helena , Lindqvist Anton , Ludvigsson Johnny , Lundgren Markus , Nowak Christoph , Pettersson Paul , Pociot Flemming , Sundberg Frida , Åkesson Karin , Lernmark Åke , Forsander Gun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe type 1 diabetes community is coalescing around the benefits and advantages of early screening for disease risk. To be accepted by healthcare providers, regulatory authorities and payers, screening programmes need to show that the testing variables allow accurate risk prediction and that individualised risk-informed monitoring plans are established, as well as operational feasibility, cost-effectiveness and acceptance at population level. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to contribute to solving these issues, starting with the identification and stratification of at-risk individuals. ASSET (AI for Sustainable Prevention of Autoimmunity in the Society; www.asset.healthcare) is a public/private consortium that was established to contribute to research around screening for type 1 diabetes and particularly to how AI can drive the implementation of a precision medicine approach to disease prevention. ASSET will additionally focus on issues pertaining to operational implementation of screening. The authors of this article, researchers and clinicians active in the field of type 1 diabetes, met in an open forum to independently debate key issues around screening for type 1 diabetes and to advise ASSET. The potential use of AI in the analysis of longitudinal data from observational cohort studies to inform the design of improved, more individualised screening programmes was also discussed. A key issue was whether AI would allow the research community and industry to capitalise on large publicly available data repositories to design screening programmes that allow the early detection of individuals at high risk and enable clinical evaluation of preventive therapies. Overall, AI has the potential to revolutionise type 1 diabetes screening, in particular to help identify individuals who are at increased risk of disease and aid in the design of appropriate follow-up plans. We hope that this initiative will stimulate further research on this very timely topic.
Graphical Abstract
Serum trough concentration threshold and risk factors of cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy in critically ill patients: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Wang Qian , Liang Pei , Xu Ying , Yuan Binbin , Lan Chen , Yan Xiaodi , Li Li 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the risk factors influencing the development of cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy in critically ill patients and determine the threshold of serum trough concentration.

Methods
A retrospective case-control study was conducted in the intensive care unit patients treated with cefoperazone, and it was approved by the Ethical Committee of Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with the Medical School of Nanjing University (NO.2023-158-01). Patients were divided into the normal group and coagulopathy group based on prothrombin time. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared using univariate analysis. The serum concentration threshold and influencing factors of cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy in critically ill patients were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 113 patients were included, and cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy occurred in 39 patients, with an incidence of 34.5%. These patients experienced significant prothrombin time prolongation around day 6 (median) after cefoperazone application. The serum trough concentration threshold of cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy in critically ill patients was 87.765 mg/l. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the APACHE II score (p = 0.034), prophylactic use of vitamin K1 (p < 0.001), hepatic impairment (p = 0.014), and Cmin ≥ 87.765 mg/l (p = 0.005) were associated with cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy.

Conclusion
Cefoperazone-induced coagulopathy usually occurs on the 6th day of cefoperazone use in critically ill patients. The risk will increase in patients with an APACHE II score > 25, hepatic impairment, and cefoperazone Cmin ≥ 87.765 mg/l. Vitamin K1 is effective in preventing this adverse reaction.
Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder
Authors: Bell Christina , Rokicki Jaroslav , Tesli Natalia , Gurholt Tiril P. , Hjell Gabriela , Fischer-Vieler Thomas , Bang Nina , Melle Ingrid , Agartz Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A. , Ringen Petter Andreas , Rasmussen Kirsten , Dahl Hilde , Friestad Christine , Haukvik Unn K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and affiliation, with a subregional pattern reflecting the functional division between the hypothalamic nuclei. We explored the relationship between hypothalamic subunit volumes in violent offenders with (PSY-V) and without (NPV) a psychotic disorder, and the association with psychopathy traits. 3T MRI scans (n = 628, all male 18–70 years) were obtained from PSY-V, n = 38, NPV, n = 20, non-violent psychosis patients (PSY-NV), n = 134, and healthy controls (HC), n = 436. The total hypothalamus volume and its eleven nuclei were delineated into five subunits using Freesurfer v7.3. Psychopathy traits were assessed with Psychopathy Checklist-revised (PCL-R). ANCOVAs and linear regressions were used to analyze associations with subunit volumes. Both groups with a history of violence exhibited smaller anterior–superior subunit volumes than HC (NPV Cohen’s d = 0.56, p = 0.01 and PSY-V d = 0.38, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between HC and PSY-NV. PCL-R scores were positively associated with the inferior tubular subunit on a trend level (uncorrected p = 0.045, Cohen’s d = 0.04). We found distinct hypothalamic subunit volume reductions in persons with a history of violence independent of concomitant psychotic disorder but not in persons with psychosis alone. The results provide further information about the involvement of the hypothalamus in aggression, which ultimately may lead to the development of targeted treatment for the clinical and societal challenge of aggression and violent behavior.
Graphical abstract
Effects of climate trends and variability on tree health responses in the Black Sea and Mediterranean forests of Türkiye
Authors: Dogan Ciftci Nida , Şahin Ahmet Duran , Yousefpour Rasoul , Christen Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo adapt forest ecosystems and forest management to climate change, it is essential to know which forest regions and which tree species are resilient to climate variability and which ones are possibly affected most by past and anticipated future changes. In this contribution, for the main forest regions of Türkiye and six tree species, recent climate variability and trends were quantified and statistically correlated to record tree defoliation and vitality. Climate variables considered are maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), mean temperature (Tmean), and total precipitation (Prcp), which are compared to forest health responses recorded as part of the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) on 277 plots across forests along the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions. In addition, long-term data on satellite measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were extracted for the same 277 plots for the period 2008–2020. Firstly, 30 years (1991–2020) of reanalysis of climate variables from ECMWF were extracted for all plots; secondly, individual correlations and cross-correlations of climate variables and tree health and vitality were computed for the period 2008–2020 (significance level of 95%) for the four most dominant species from the Black Sea forests (F. orientalis, Q. cerris, P. sylvestris, P. orientalis) and two species from Mediterranean forests (P. brutia and C. libani). Temperature showed a stronger effect on most species than precipitation. Finally, time-lagged correlations were analyzed for seven-time lags (significance level of 95%) to evaluate legacy effect. The analysis revealed that different tree species from the two regions show different responses to climate variables. Species in the Mediterranean region are more resistant to droughts and climatic variations. Legacy effects of defoliation and NDVI have lasted for at least 2 years.
Increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents with high salivary levels of copper, manganese, and zinc
Authors: Robinson D’Artagnan M. , Edwards Karen L. , Willoughby Michael T. , Hamilton Katrina R. , Blair Clancy B. , Granger Douglas A. , Thomas Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExposure to toxic heavy metals has been associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, fewer studies have examined the associations between abnormal levels of essential trace metals and ADHD, and none have done so using saliva. We investigated whether salivary metals were associated with ADHD in adolescents aged 12 from the Family Life Project (FLP) using a nested case–control study design that included 110 adolescents who met diagnostic criteria for inattentive (ADHD-I), hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H), or combined type ADHD (ADHD-C) (cases) and 173 children who did not (controls). We used inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry to measure chromium, copper, manganese, and zinc in saliva samples. We employed logistic regression models to examine associations between quartile levels of individual metals and ADHD outcomes by subtype. Salivary copper levels were significantly associated with increased odds of any ADHD diagnosis (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.08–10.12; p = 0.04) and with increased odds of ADHD-C diagnosis (OR = 8.44, 95% CI: 1.58–45.12; p = 0.01). Salivary zinc levels were significantly associated with increased odds of ADHD-C diagnosis (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.21–13.69; p = 0.02). Salivary manganese levels were also significantly associated with increased odds of ADHD-C diagnosis (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.08–27.27, p = 0.04). This is the first study using saliva to assess metal exposure and provide a potential link between salivary levels of copper, manganese, and zinc and ADHD diagnoses in adolescents. Public health interventions focused on metal exposures might reduce ADHD incidence in low-income, minority communities.
Is neighbourhood deprivation in primary school-aged children associated with their mental health and does this association change over 30 months?
Authors: Finning Katie , Haeffner Amy , Patel Sohum , Longdon Bryony , Hayes Rachel , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Ford Tamsin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs both socioeconomic deprivation and the prevalence of childhood mental health difficulties continue to increase, exploring the relationship between them is important to guide policy. We aimed to replicate the finding of a mental health gap that widened with age between those living in the most and least deprived areas among primary school pupils. We used data from 2075 children aged 4–9 years in the South West of England recruited to the STARS (Supporting Teachers and childRen in Schools) trial, which collected teacher- and parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at baseline, 18-month and 30-month follow-up. We fitted multilevel regression models to explore the relationship between Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile and SDQ total difficulties score and an algorithm-generated “probable disorder” variable that combined SDQ data from teachers and parents. Teacher- and parent-reported SDQ total difficulties scores indicated worse mental health in children living in more deprived neighbourhoods, which was attenuated by controlling for special educational needs and disabilities but remained significant by parent report, and there was no interaction year group status (age) at baseline. We did not detect an association between probable disorder and IMD although an interaction with time was evident (p = 0.003). Analysis by study wave revealed associations at baseline (odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 0.97–3.89) and 18 months (1.96, 1.07–3.59) but not 30 months (0.94, 0.54–1.57). These findings augment the existing, highly compelling evidence demonstrating worse mental health in children exposed to socioeconomic deprivation.
Participation of Hepcidins in the Inflammatory Response Triggered by λ-Carrageenin in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Campos-Sánchez Jose Carlos , Serna-Duque Jhon A. , Alburquerque Carmen , Guardiola Francisco A. , Esteban María Ángeles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe role of hepcidins, antimicrobial peptides involved in iron metabolism, immunity, and inflammation, is studied. First, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) were incubated with λ-carrageenin to study the expression of hepcidin and iron metabolism-related genes. While the expression of most of the genes studied was upregulated, the expression of ferroportin gene (slc40a) was downregulated. In the second part of the study, seabream specimens were injected intramuscularly with λ-carrageenin or buffer (control). The expression of the same genes was evaluated in the head kidney, liver, and skin at different time points after injection. The expression of Hamp1m, ferritin b, and ferroportin genes (hamp1, fthb, and slc40a) was upregulated in the head kidney of fish from the λ-carrageenin-injected group, while the expression of Hamp2C and Hamp2E genes (hamp2.3 and hamp2.7) was downregulated. In the liver, the expression of hamp1, ferritin a (ftha), slc40a, Hamp2J, and Hamp2D (hamp2.5/6) genes was downregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. In the skin, the expression of hamp1 and (Hamp2A Hamp2C) hamp2.1/3/4 genes was upregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. A bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the presence of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of hepcidins. The primary sequence of hepcidin was conserved among the different mature peptides, although changes in specific amino acid residues were identified. These changes affected the charge, hydrophobicity, and probability of hepcidins being antimicrobial peptides. This study sheds light on the poorly understood roles of hepcidins in fish. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in fish and could contribute to the development of new strategies for treat inflammation in farm animals.
Graphical Abstract
PUCH: eine neuartige Endoribonuklease in der piRNA-Biogenese
Authors: Falk Sebastian , Ketting René 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransposons are like parasites within DNA, spreading across genomes. Special proteins called PIWI proteins keep these elements under control with the help of small RNA molecules called piRNAs. While piRNAs were already discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in the year 2008, it remained elusive how their 5’ end is processed. We have now identified the missing endoribonuclease PUCH, which initiates the piRNA biogenesis in C. elegans.
Evaluating the intake plugging effects on the electrical submersible pump (ESP) operating conditions using nodal analysis
Authors: Iranzi Joseph , Wang Jihoon , Lee Youngsoo , Son Hanam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe intake plugging of an electrical submersible pump (ESP) has presented a formidable challenge to conventional ESP wells. Attention to cumulative solid deposition is essential since it intensifies the intake plugging severity and impedes ESP performance. We present a new approach to evaluate the ESP performance degradation during increased intake plugging severity. In particular, we employ the intake plugging factor, rate-derating factor, and affinity law to calculate the new ESP speed at different plugging conditions. We used Schlumberger PIPESIM software to perform nodal analysis of the newly calculated ESP speed. The result was validated using the actual field data and compared to the field cases that reported the intake plugging issue. The nodal analysis showed a steady maximum ESP head with zero rate derating at the shut-in point. The intake plugging factor caused a significant reduction in the ESP operating rate and increased pump intake pressure and annulus liquid level. Based on the existing intake plugging field data, we established the quantitative standard for the normal and abnormal intake plugging factor range. The observed results agreed with the field downhole data recorded during the intake plugging problem. We identified that regulating the ESP speed to the reduced operating rate could minimize unexpected pump stoppage. It is also possible to carefully monitor the intake plugging problem by combining the annulus liquid level, the signature of pump intake pressure, and a deadhead test.