bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a CD61 MoAb method for enumeration of platelets in thrombocytopenic patients and its impact on the transfusion decision‐making process
Authors: Arroyo J.L. , García‐Marcos M.A. , López A , Menéndez P , Tabernero M.D. , Sánchez‐Abarca L.I. , Avila‐Zarza C , San Miguel J.F. , Orfao Alberto 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Almost all automated hematology cell analyzers use methods based on either the impedance (PLTi) or the optical (PLTo) properties of the cells for performing platelet counts. To improve the accuracy of platelet counts in peripheral blood (PB), the use of CD61 (GPIIIa) MoAbs (ImmunoPLT method) has recently been introduced in an automated hematology blood‐analyzer system (Cell‐Dyn 4000, Abbott Diagnostics).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A comparative evaluation was made of the accuracy and precision of the three methods currently available in the Cell‐Dyn 4000 automated hematology cell analyzer for counting the number of platelets per microliter of PB in a total of 47 patients with chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia. A flow cytometric PB platelet count was also performed in parallel and used as an external reference.RESULTS: PB platelet counts showed a good correlation among the PLTo, CD61‐ImmunoPLT, and flow cytometric methods. In contrast, the PLTi procedure usually provided an overestimation of the number of platelets per microliter. Although a good correlation was observed between the flow cytometric reference method and both the ImmunoPLT and PLTo methods, the highest degree of agreement was found for the ImmunoPLT techniques (94% vs. 67%). A comparative analysis of the PLTo and CD61‐ImmunoPLT methods with regard to their value for predicting platelet transfusion needs on the basis of specific flow cytometric platelet count thresholds showed a good correlation when the cutoff level of 10,000 platelets per μL was used. In contrast, at the threshold of 20,000 platelets per μL, slight differences were observed between the PLTo and CD61‐ImmunoPLT procedures for predicting transfusion needs.CONCLUSION: Such results indicate that, if the CD61‐ImmunoPLT method is used in the platelet transfusion decision‐making process, unnecessary platelet transfusions could be avoided in up to 17.5 percent of persons with a PLTo count of <20,000 platelets per μL.
A randomized crossover trial of IV fluid replacement versus no fluid replacement in autologous blood donors with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kasper Stefan‐Mario , Weimbs Gregor , Sabatowski Rainer , Wassmer Gernot 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of arterial hypotension in response to autologous blood donation with and without simultaneous IV fluid replacement in 60 patients with cardiovascular disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Each patient donated two 500 mL units of blood at an interval of 7 days. Following random allocation within a two‐stage crossover design, either the first or second unit was collected with a simultaneous IV infusion of 500 mL of HES. Patients receiving IV fluid replacement during their first donation did not receive any fluid replacement during their second donation and vice versa. Starting before phlebotomy, arterial blood pressure was measured oscillometrically every 5 minutes until 30 minutes after donation. Hypotension was defined as at least one decrease of more than 20 percent from baseline in systolic blood pressure. RESULTS: A decrease of more than 20 percent from baseline in systolic blood pressure occurred in 2 of the 60 patients (3%) during the donations with IV fluid replacement compared with 55 of the 60 patients (92%) during the donations without IV fluid replacement (p < 0.0001, McNemar's test). No severe reaction to blood donation was observed in any patient, regardless of whether IV fluids had been administered. CONCLUSION: Isovolemic IV fluid replacement was useful in preventing arterial hypotension in autologous blood donors with cardiovascular disease. Its effect on the safety of the autologous blood donation process remains to be established.
Platelet transfusion refractoriness caused by a mismatch in HLA‐C antigens
Authors: Saito Satoshi , Ota Satoshi , Seshimo Hideyuki , Yamazaki Yuichiro , Nomura Setsuo , Ito Toshihiro , Miki Jun , Ota Masao , Fukushima Hirofumi , Maeda Hiroo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: HLA‐C antigens have been thought to be of little significance in determining the efficacy of platelet transfusions. However, six alloimmunized patients were encountered who were refractory to platelet transfusions because of anti‐HLA‐Cw3, ‐Cw7, or ‐Cw8. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Between 1995 and the present, 88 patients with hematologic malignancies became refractory to random‐donor platelet transfusions due to HLA antibodies. HLA‐A‐ and HLA‐B‐compatible platelet transfusions were successful in boosting platelet levels with 82 of the patients. This study concerns the remaining six HLA‐immunized patients who were refractory to HLA‐A‐ and HLA‐B‐compatible platelet transfusions. The response to the platelet transfusions was assessed by calculating both 1‐ and 24‐hour posttransfusion CCIs for each transfusion. RESULTS: The average CCI1 hour and CCI24 hours in all patients were 20.0 and 12.8 for HLA‐A‐, HLA‐B‐, and HLA‐C‐compatible transfusions and were 1.4 and 1.2 for HLA‐A‐ and HLA‐B‐compatible but HLA‐C‐incompatible transfusions, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings clearly indicate that matching of the HLA‐C antigens is also required in some alloimmunized patients to obtain the effectiveness of platelet transfusions.
Four‐year survival of transfusion recipients identified by hepatitis C lookback
Authors: Vamvakas Eleftherios C. , Goldstein Rosalyn 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Information on the probability of survival of transfused patients is needed for policy making, but there is a paucity of empirical research into this question. A Swedish population‐based study reported that the 40‐month posttransfusion probability of survival was 51 percent in all patients and 41 percent in recipients of more than 10 units of blood and blood components. These figures were 20 percent lower than the figures reported previously from Olmsted County, Minnesota.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Information was collected on the 4‐year survival of 695 patients transfused at the New York University Medical Center between 1988 and 1996. These patients had been identified previously by hepatitis C lookback.RESULTS: Seventy‐five percent of patients survived at 1 month after transfusion, 66 percent at 3 months, 60 percent at 6 months, 54 percent at 1 year, 50 percent at 2 years, 45 percent at 3 years, and 41 percent at 4 years. Seventy‐eight percent of patients included in the study had received more than 10 units of blood and blood components. The 4‐year survival of patients receiving 1 to 3, 4 to 10, or more than 10 units was 62 percent, 48 percent, and 38 percent, respectively (p<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: When transfusion dose is taken into account, the probability of survival of patients transfused at the New York University Medical Center in 1988 to 1996 and identified by lookback is similar to that reported for Swedish county residents transfused in 1993. Based on both the Swedish data and the information presented here and in the absence of any recent results from population‐based studies, the survival of U.S. patients transfused in the 1990s appears to be 20 percent lower than that of Olmsted County residents transfused in 1981.
Alkaline CPD and the preservation of RBC 2,3‐DPG
Authors: Hess John R. , Hill Heather R. , Oliver Cynthia K. , Lippert Lloyd E. , Greenwalt Tibor J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : Concentrations of 2,3‐DPG decline rapidly in the first week of RBC storage because of the low pH of conventional storage solutions. Alkaline additive solutions, which can preserve RBCs for up to 11 weeks, still do not preserve 2,3‐DPG because the starting pH is below 7.2. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: Alkaline CPD (pH = 8.7) was made with trisodium citrate, dextrose, and disodium phosphate. Twelve units of whole blood were collected into heparin and pooled in groups of four units. Each pool was then aliquoted into four units; 63 mL of CPD with pH 5.7, 6.5, 7.5, or 8.7 was added to one unit of each pool, and 300 mL of the alkaline experimental additive solution‐76 was added. In Study 2, 12 units were collected into alkaline CPD, pooled in groups of four, aliquoted as described, and stored in four variants of experimental additive solution‐76 containing 0, 9, 18, and 27 m
M of disodium phosphate. RBC ATP and 2,3‐DPG concentrations, intracellular and extracellular pH and phosphate concentrations, hemolysis, and other measures of RBC metabolism and function were measured weekly. RESULTS : RBCs stored in more alkaline conditions made 2,3‐DPG, but at the expense of ATP. Concentrations of 2,3‐DPG decreased after 2 weeks storage, but ATP concentrations never fully recovered. Providing more phosphate both increased the duration of 2,3‐DPG persistence and raised ATP concentrations in the later stages of storage. CONCLUSIONS : Maintaining both 2,3‐DPG and ATP requires both high pH and high concentrations of phosphate.
Nonobese diabetic‐severe combined immunodeficient mice transplantation of volume‐reduced and thawed umbilical cord blood transplants following closed‐system immunomagnetic cell selection
Authors: Eichler Hermann , Beck Christian , Schröder Bernd , Nguyen Xuan Duc , Klüter Harald 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : Protocols for the expansion of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) progenitors begin with the selection of CD34+ cells from stored frozen and thawed units. Use of an immunomagnetic selection procedure within a closed blood bag system for volume‐reduced UCB transplants was evaluated, and the influence of CD34 cell selection on in vivo engraftment potential was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: Eleven thawed buffy coat‐processed UCB units were processed within a standard blood bag with a washing solution. In six independent experiments, the same dosage of 2 × 10
4 CD34+ cells from paired selected and nonselected samples was transplanted into NOD‐SCID mice. In two experiments, cells from the negative fraction were also transplanted. RESULTS : The purity of CD34+ cells after selection was correlated with the removal of supernatant after the first washing step and therefore with adequate removal of damaged or dead cells (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). Mice transplanted with unselected UCB cells had more human cells within their marrow than animals transplanted with selected cells (8.6 ± 5.9% selected group vs. 19.8 ± 14.2% unselected group; p = 0.04), whereas no engraftment could be observed transplanting cells from the two negative fractions. A higher percentage of human CD45+ cells in the unselected group were found to be positive for CD38, CD14, CD33, and CD19, indicating a higher potential for these unselected progenitors to differentiate into myeloid cells and B cells. CONCLUSIONS : Processing of volume‐reduced and thawed UCB transplants within a closed‐bag system before immunomagnetic CD34+ cell selection allows for the preparation of CD34+ cells of significant purity at technically useful cell recoveries. However, these experiments indicate a potential impairment of engraftment capacity for the CD34+ cell‐enriched fraction.
Long‐term hematologic reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation: a comparison between controlled‐rate freezing and uncontrolled‐rate freezing at 80°C
Authors: Montanari Mauro , Capelli Debora , Poloni Antonella , Massidda Danilo , Brunori Marino , Spitaleri Luca , Offidani Massimo , Lucesole Moira , Masia Maria C. , Balducci Florinda , Refe Cristina , Piani Mario , Leoni Pietro , Olivieri Attilio 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : The most widely used system for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) cryopreservation is controlled‐rate freezing (CRF). Uncontrolled‐rate freezing (URF) at –80°C has also been used, but its clinical impact has not been studied sufficiently yet. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Two groups of patients were compared: Group A consisted of 69 patients autotransplanted with PBPCs cryopreserved with CRF; Group B consisted of 192 patients autotransplanted with PBPCs cryopreserved with URF at –80°C. The same cryoprotectant solution and storage system were used. RESULTS
: A significant delay of hematologic reconstitution (HR) in the URF group was observed for neutrophils greater than 0.5 × 10
9
per L and for platelets greater than 20 × 10
9
per L and greater than 50 × 10
9 per L; we did not observe any differences in the clinical course. The long‐term HR was comparable in the two groups, all patients showed stable engraftment, and no late graft failures were observed. CONCLUSION : Our study confirms that URF is safe and allows sustained long‐term engraftment without increasing the risks of transplantation, even though the early engraftment after URF is slower.
Phase III randomized study comparing 5 or 10 μg per kg per day of filgrastim for mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells with chemotherapy, followed by intensification and autologous transplantation in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies
Authors: André Marc , Baudoux Etienne , Bron Dominique , Canon Jean‐Luc , D'Hondt Véronique , Fassotte Marie‐France , D'Hondt Lionel , Fillet Georges , Humblet Yves , Jerusalem Guy , Vermeulen Philippe , Symann Michel , Beguin Yves 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : It is not known whether increasing the dose of filgrastim after mobilizing chemotherapy improves collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and leads to faster hematopoietic engraftment after autologous transplantation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : A randomized, open‐label, multicenter trial was carried out in patients with breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma, in which patients were randomized to receive 5 or 10 μg per kg per day of filgrastim after standard chemotherapy to mobilize PBPCs. After high‐dose chemotherapy, the components from the first two leukapheresis procedures were returned, and all patients received 5 μg per kg day of filgrastim after transplantation. RESULTS
: A total of 131 patients were randomized, of whom 128 were mobilized (Group A, 5 μg/kg, n = 66; Group B, 10 μg/kg, n = 62) and 112 were transplanted. Only six patients were not transplanted because of insufficient CD34+ cell numbers. The median number of CD34+ cells collected in the first two leukapheresis procedures tended to be higher in Group B than in Group A (12.0 vs. 7.2 × 10
6 /kg, NS), but after transplantation there was no significant difference in median times to platelet (9 days in both groups) or neutrophil (8 days in both groups) engraftment or the number of platelet transfusions (three in both groups). A subsequent subgroup analysis separating patients transplanted after first‐ or second‐line chemotherapy also showed no measurable impact of filgrastim dose on the median CD34+ cell yield or on platelet engraftment in either subgroup. CONCLUSION : PBPC mobilization with chemotherapy and 5 μg per kg of filgrastim is very efficient, and 10 μg per kg of filgrastim does not provide additional clinical benefit.
Human Nature and History
Authors: Brown Donald E. 
Published: March 2003

What motivated British colonialism? What motivated renaissance Florentines to finance their state? Why did Brazilian men find mixed‐race women so attractive? What promotes falsity in reports of human affairs? Why did historical‐mindedness develop in ancient Greece and China but not India? When homosexual communities developed, why did gay men pursue sexual strategies so different from those of lesbians? Why does a Heian‐period Japanese description of fear of snakes sound so familiar to a Westerner? Why have rebels tended to be youngest rather than eldest siblings?To each of these (and many other) questions part of the answer lies in specific, identifiable features of human nature. Thus human nature is and should be a substantial concern to anyone trying to understand the past. But human nature is also an object of scientific study. This paper explores a portion of this convergence of humanistic and scientific concerns by outlining and illustrating interrelations between human nature and history.Exploration of the interrelations between history and human nature requires a detailed understanding of what human nature is. And whatever human nature may be, it is a product of human evolution. Accordingly, key concepts in evolutionary psychology are presented to provide theoretical tools for understanding the centerpiece of human nature, the human mind.As much as the study of history may benefit from an understanding of human nature, the study of history and the use of historical materials may also promote the scientific study of human nature. Examples are given and several suggestions are presented to forward this task.Finally, an argument is made for a sort of back engineering in which historical events and conditions are traced to the specific features of human nature that motivated, facilitated, or shaped them. Insofar as this task is achieved, it closes the gap between recorded history and evolutionary history, between the humanities and the sciences.
History, Differential Inclusions, and Narrative
Authors: Bonneuil Noël 
Published: March 2003

Recent advances in the theory of dynamical systems, set‐valued analysis, and viability theory offer new and interesting perspectives on the shaping of social and historical time. Specific aspects of these theories are presented in several different areas to show their concrete applications in history and historical demo‐economy, and a parallel is established with novelist Tanizaki’s fictional technique. In connection with this, McCloskey’s 1991 comparison of storytelling with deterministic chaos is discussed and a critique of other models concerned with unpredictability in human affairs provided. Finally, the shapings of social and historical time are described in terms of the viable strategies at the heart of evolutionary processes involving human agents interacting with a variety of constraints.Sachiko could foresee great difficulties if her sister were to marry him, but at least for the time being they would not have to worry about what people thought. If on the other hand she married Itakura, she would be held up to public ridicule. Okubata seen by himself was not a happy choice, but he was certainly better than Itakura, and he could be their weapon to turn away the latter.
Call Options, Points, and Dominance Restrictions on Debt Contracts
Authors: Dunn Kenneth B. , Spatt Chester S. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe analyze the impact of a contract's length, callability, amortization, and original discount by arbitrage methods. Among instruments that are callable without penalty, longer instruments command a higher interest rate because the borrower possesses the option of repaying relatively more slowly. However, the rate on longer self‐amortizing loans cannot be substantially larger than for shorter ones because the payments decrease with contract length. Bounds on the trade‐off between points and rate for callable debt are characterized using the trade‐off for noncallable debt and the property that the value of the prepayment option increases with the loan's interest rate.
Can Investors Profit from the Prophets? Security Analyst Recommendations and Stock Returns
Authors: Barber Brad , Lehavy Reuven , McNichols Maureen , Trueman Brett 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe document that purchasing (selling short) stocks with the most (least) favorable consensus recommendations, in conjunction with daily portfolio rebalancing and a timely response to recommendation changes, yield annual abnormal gross returns greater than four percent. Less frequent portfolio rebalancing or a delay in reacting to recommendation changes diminishes these returns; however, they remain significant for the least favorably rated stocks. We also show that high trading levels are required to capture the excess returns generated by the strategies analyzed, entailing substantial transactions costs and leading to abnormal net returns for these strategies that are not reliably greater than zero.
Bimodal Speech Perception by Native and Nonnative Speakers of English: Factors Influencing the McGurk Effect
Authors: Hardison Debra M. 
Published: March 2003

This research provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the factors influencing the process of integrating auditory and visual information in speech perception, and the nature of the mental representations to which speech input is matched for identification. Most previous studies of L2 speech perception had focused on only one source of input—the auditory modality. In this study, however, the occurrence of the McGurk effect (the influence of visual or lip‐read information on speech perception) pointed to the power of visible speech in face‐to‐face communication for L2 learners as well as native speakers. Participants were advanced ESL learners of 4 L1s (Japanese, Korean, Spanish, and Malay) and native speakers of English. In this experimental design, six CV syllables with /p, f, w, r, t, k/ were combined on videotape to create concordant and discordant conditions (i.e., where audiovisual cues were matched and mismatched). This design permits the tagging of input according to its source in order to evaluate the relative contributions of each modality to the perceptual outcome. Results indicated that the learners' L1s influenced the relative information value of the auditory and visual cues, and thus their contribution to a single percept. The Japanese and Korean learners' identification accuracy of /f/ and /r/ increased with matched visual cues. It was evident that learners attended to visual cues to identify speech sounds even though they had not received any explicit training.By drawing from the literature on L2 phonology, speechreading, speech perception, attention, similarity, and categorization, this work demonstrates the need for a model of L2 speech acquisition within a cognitive framework to account for bimodal input in the broader context of spoken language processing. Findings also point to the need to incorporate into perceptual training for L2 learners the enhancement of the information value of visual cues as a second channel of input.
CCD Image System Design And Exploitation: Experiences And Lessons Learned
Authors: Hoffman G. R. 
Published: March 2003

The use of digital imagery, acquired through charge‐coupled devices (CCDs) either by the scanning of hard copy film or direct capture through the use of a CCD camera, has fundamentally changed the photogrammetric environment. In order to fully exploit these digital image data, the photogrammetrist must employ system design, implementation philosophies and processing methodologies different from those of traditional film based photogrammetry. It is now possible for these new photogrammetric systems to be operated from low cost, high performance PC and Macintosh class commercial hardware, using vendor supplied software for user developed applications.This paper explores lessons learned and experiences gained from low cost, digital photogrammetric system development and CCD image exploitation. Examples and discussion presented in this paper include: (1) integration of user developed applications with commercial hardware and software; (2) user interface design; (3) validation of processing algorithms within the digital image domain; (4) system calibration; (5) digital image data handling, management and storage; and (6) image data compression. The film based photogrammetric system provides the point of departure to digital photogrammetry. Technical knowledge, system design and implementation and CCD image exploitation provide the experience.