bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric business cycle changes in US carbon emissions and oil market shocks
Authors: Jiang Xueting , Stern David I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious research shows that, in the USA, the elasticity of carbon emissions with respect to GDP is greater when GDP declines than when GDP increases. Using monthly US data, we examine each individual recession since 1973. We find asymmetric changes in carbon emissions in the 1973–1975, 1980, 1990–1991, and 2020 recessions but not in the 1981–1982, 2001, or 2008–2009 recessions. The former four recessions are associated with negative oil market shocks. In the first three, there was a supply shock and in 2020, a demand shock. Changes in oil consumption that are not explained by changes in GDP explain these asymmetries. Furthermore, the asymmetries are due to emissions in the transport and industrial sectors, which are the main consumers of oil. We conclude that emissions behaved similarly in 2020 to the way they did in recessions associated with oil supply shocks, but, actually, this pattern is not inherent to the business cycle itself.
Efficient photocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol under visible light irradiation based on Ag NPs loaded brown 2D g-C3N4 / g-C3N4 QDs nanocomposite
Authors: Maged Sandy , El-Borady Ola M. , El-Hosainy Hamza , El-Kemary Maged 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, low-cost graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) revealed high photocatalytic activities and provided solutions to environmental pollution. In this study, we synthesized brown mesoporous 2D g-C3N4 by calcination dicyandiamide with pluronic P123. This is followed by loading of Ag NPs on the prepared 2D g-C3N4 by photodeposition process. After that, a ternary composite 2% Ag/ 2D g-C3N4 / g-C3N4 QDs heterojunction photocatalyst has been successfully prepared. The prepared nanomaterials were comprehensively characterized by various analysis techniques such as XRD, UV–Vis., BET, XPS, SEM, TEM. This new system exhibited a large surface area with porous structure and a wide absorption of visible light. The results verified that Ag NPs decoration enhanced the charge separation of photo-generated carriers of g-C3N4 2D and g-C3N4 QDs, promote significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity for reduction of p-nitrophenol with a rate constant (k) value of 0.49729 / min in 6 min. This rate is about two-fold higher than that observed for pure g-C3N4 2D and g-C3N4 QDs as well as shows an improvement compared to 2% Ag/ g-C3N4 2D and g-C3N4 2D/ g-C3N4 QDs. The results open the door to design highly efficient 2D/0D nanocomposite photocatalysts for a wide variety of environmental applications.
The inverted U-shaped relationship between weight loss percentage and cardiovascular health scores
Authors: Chen Feng , Zhang Yu , Chen Shaohe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of weight loss on cardiovascular health (CVH) in individuals with specific obesity patterns remains incompletely understood. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship weight loss percentage and CVH scores across individuals with various obesity patterns.

Methods
Our study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2018, involving a total of 12,835 participants aged 16 years or older, to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. Multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression methods were used to assess the correlation between the weight loss percentage and the CVH scores. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine the nonlinear relationship between the two variables.

Results
Compared to individuals with a weight loss percentage < 0%, participants with weight loss percentages of 0–5% and 5.1–10% showed improved CVH scores, with β values of 2.85 (95% CI 2.32–3.38) and 2.55 (95% CI 1.69–3.4), respectively. Regarding different obesity patterns, compared to participants with a weight loss percentage < 0%, participants with a weight loss percentage of 0–5% showed an increase in CVH scores in the normal weight and overweight/general obesity (OGO) groups, with β values of 1.45 (95% CI 0.7–2.19) and 1.22 (95% CI 0.46–1.97), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between the weight loss percentage and the CVH scores (with optimal CVH scores at 3%).

Conclusions
There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between weight loss percentage and CVH scores, with moderate weight loss (0–10%, optimal value of 3%) being associated with improved CVH scores, especially among individuals with OGO.

Level V
Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
Typologies of Secularism in China: Religion, Superstition, and Secularization
Authors: Xu Aymeric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines four typologies of secularism in China from the sixteenth century onward, through an analysis of the triadic relationship between the secular, religious, and superstitious. These notions have been considered to be derived from the particular intellectual and political history of the West, but this fails to grasp the complexity of non-Western belief systems. This article proposes to instead examine how Chinese policymakers and intellectuals actively fabricated religion and produced secularization. It goes beyond a simple rebuttal of Eurocentrism, and arguments regarding the mutual incomparability of Western and Chinese experiences of secularization. It distinguishes four typologies of secularism that emerged successively in China: (1) the reduction of Christianity from the sixteenth century to the 1900s; (2) the Confucian secular and (3) atheist secular that were conceptualized, respectively, by royalist reformers and anti-Manchu revolutionaries during the final two decades of the Qing Dynasty; and (4) the interventionist secularism pursued by the Republican and the Communist regimes to strictly supervise and regulate religious beliefs and practices. The paper argues that, if secularization is indeed Christian in nature, secularism and religion were not imposed in China under Western cultural and political hegemony. Instead, the Christian secular model was produced in China mainly via pre-existing cultural norms and the state’s ad hoc political needs, making the Christian secularism itself a multipolar phenomenon.
The Environmental Footprint of Bitcoin Mining Across the Globe: Call for Urgent Action
Authors: Chamanara Sanaz , Ghaffarizadeh S. Arman , Madani Kaveh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on a multi‐attribute assessment of the environmental impacts and challenges associated with global Bitcoin (BTC) mining activities around the globe, we call for urgent action by the scientific, policy, and advocacy communities. The worldwide BTC mining network consumed 173.42 TWh of electricity during the 2020–2021 period, bigger than the electricity consumption of most nations. The mining process emitted over 85.89 Mt of CO2eq in the same timeframe, equivalent to the emission caused by burning 84 billion pounds of coal or running 190 natural gas‐fired power plants. The environmental footprint of BTC mining is not limited to greenhouse gas emissions. In 2020–2021, the global water footprint of BTC mining was about 1.65 km3, more than the domestic water use of 300 million people in rural Sub‐Saharan Africa. The land footprint of the global BTC mining network during this period was more than 1,870 square kilometers, 1.4 times the area of Los Angeles. These striking numbers highlight the heavy reliance of the BTC network on fossil fuels and natural resource‐intensive energy sources, resulting in major but unmonitored and unregulated environmental footprints. To mitigate the environmental costs of BTC mining, immediate policy interventions, technological advancements, and scientific research are crucial. Proposed measures include enhanced transparency, economic and regulatory tools, developing energy‐efficient alternative coins, and the adoption of greener blockchain validation protocols.
Effect of Shape and Size on the Transport of Floating Particles on the Free Surface in a Natural Stream
Authors: Sanness Salmon Henri R. , Baker Lucia J. , Kozarek Jessica L. , Coletti Filippo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how floating particles are transported by streaming waters is crucial in predicting the transport of plastic pollution, which is dramatically abundant in rivers, lakes, and oceans. Using particle tracking velocimetry, we investigate the motion of floating particles of different shape and size on the turbulent free surface of a field‐scale meandering stream. We consider two different locations, where the role of surface waves on transport is deemed negligible. Millimeter‐sized spheres are used as tracers to characterize the surface flow. These are compared with centimeter‐sized discs and rods, approximating typical‐sized pieces of floating litter. The larger particles exhibit similar mean and fluctuating velocities as the tracers but filter out the extreme turbulent accelerations. Consequently, their motion is more time‐correlated and their spreading rate is larger. This behavior is also confirmed by complementary laboratory measurements in an open channel flow. The rotation of the rods, affected by a range of turbulent scales, reduces the correlation time scale of their translational motion, and leads to a slower dispersion compared to the discs, despite the rods' length being larger than the discs' diameter. Taken together, these results indicate that the motion of finite‐sized objects floating on the surface of weakly wavy turbulent waters is consistent with the behavior of inertial particles in three‐dimensional turbulence. These results can be valuable when constructing predictive models of floating plastics.
Predicted resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and associated HIV-1 envelope characteristics among seroconverting adults in Botswana
Authors: Moraka Natasha O. , Choga Wonderful T. , Pema Marea N. , Chawawa Moses Kudzai , Gobe Irene , Mokomane Margaret , Bareng Ontlametse T. , Bhebhe Lynette , Kelentse Nametso , Mulenga Graceful , Pretorius Holme Molly , Mohammed Terence , Koofhethile Catherine K. , Makhema Joseph M. , Shapiro Roger , Lockman Shahin , Moyo Sikhulile , Gaseitsiwe Simani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe used HIV-1C sequences to predict (in silico) resistance to 33 known broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and evaluate the different HIV-1 Env characteristics that may affect virus neutralization. We analyzed proviral sequences from adults with documented HIV-1 seroconversion (N = 140) in Botswana (2013–2018). HIV-1 env sequences were used to predict bnAb resistance using bNAb-ReP, to determine the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) and evaluate Env variable region characteristics (VC). We also assessed the presence of signature mutations that may affect bnAb sensitivity in vitro. We observe varied results for predicted bnAb resistance among our cohort. 3BNC117 showed high predicted resistance (72%) compared to intermediate levels of resistance to VRC01 (57%). We predict low resistance to PGDM100 and 10-1074 and no resistance to 4E10. No difference was observed in the frequency of PNGS by bNAb susceptibility patterns except for higher number of PNGs in V3 bnAb resistant strains. Associations of VC were observed for V1, V4 and V5 loop length and net charge. We also observed few mutations that have been reported to confer bnAb resistance in vitro. Our results support use of sequence data and machine learning tools to predict the best bnAbs to use within populations.
Disrupted brain mitochondrial morphology after in vivo hydrogen sulfide exposure
Authors: Rumbeiha Wilson K. , Kim Dong-Suk , Min Angela , Nair Maya , Giulivi Cecilia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChanges in mitochondrial dynamics are often associated with dietary patterns, medical treatments, xenobiotics, and diseases. Toxic exposures to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) harm mitochondria by inhibiting Complex IV and via other mechanisms. However, changes in mitochondrial dynamics, including morphology following acute exposure to H2S, are not yet fully understood. This study followed mitochondrial morphology changes over time after a single acute LCt50 dose of H2S by examining electron microscopy thalami images of surviving mice. Our findings revealed that within the initial 48 h after H2S exposure, mitochondrial morphology was impaired by H2S, supported by the disruption and scarcity of the cristae, which are required to enhance the surface area for ATP production. At the 72-h mark point, a spectrum of morphological cellular changes was observed, and the disordered mitochondrial network, accompanied by the probable disruption of mitophagy, was tied to changes in mitochondrial shape. In summary, this study sheds light on how acute exposure to high levels of H2S triggers alterations in mitochondrial shape and structure as early as 24 h that become more evident at 72 h post-exposure. These findings underscore the impact of H2S on mitochondrial function and overall cellular health.
Mapping the vulnerability of irrigation sand traps in a tropical volcanic basin, Indonesia
Authors: Pradipta Ansita Gupitakingkin , Loc Ho Huu , Park Edward , Prihanantya Akram Sripandam , Nurhady Sigit , Setyawan Chandra , Mohanasundaram S. , Virdis Salvatore G. P. , Shrestha Sangam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSand traps in irrigation networks are typically used in mitigating canal sedimentation. In irrigation networks located in basins of high sediment yield due to the presence of volcanoes, it is essential to assess the vulnerability of sand traps. Using sediment yield at irrigation scheme inlets, sand trap vulnerability can be evaluated. This study aims to understand the vulnerability of irrigation sand traps throughout the Progo–Opak–Serang (POS) Volcanic River Basin, Indonesia, via mapping the sediment yield distributions in the basin. We employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate soil loss, where the results show that the average soil loss in the POS River Basin is 179.69 tons/ha/year that falls under the category of moderate erosion potential, while the average sediment yield for the whole basin is 51.04 tons/ha/year. Parts of the basin with high yields of more than 180 tons/ha/year were mostly found along the volcanic mountains such as Sindoro, Sumbing, Merapi, Merbabu, and Telomoyo, and the Menoreh Hills. The model demonstrated relatively high performance with R2, NSE, RMSE, and MAE of 0.89, 0.82, 0.14, and 0.11, respectively. Within the POS Basin, Badran, Kalibawang, and Blawong are the three most vulnerable irrigation sand traps, with sediment yield values of 252.83, 178.92, and 63.49 tons/ha/year, respectively; they are all located in sub-watershed outlets. The vulnerability assessment conducted in this study can be used for the decision support system to prioritize irrigation sand traps towards a more effective irrigation system development.
A low-carb diet increases fecal short-chain fatty acids in feces of obese women following a weight-loss program: randomized feeding trial
Authors: Rad Zahra Abbaspour , Mousavi Seyedeh Neda , Chiti Hossein 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo compare fecal level of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and some serum inflammatory markers between the low-carbohydrate (LCD) and the habitual (HD) diet, subjects were enrolled from our previous study on the effect of LCD vs. HD on gut microbiota in obese women following an energy-restricted diet. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly increased in the HD group (p < 0.001). Adjusted for the baseline parameters, fecal level of butyric, propionic, and acetic acid were significantly different between the LCD and HD groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p < 0.001, respectively). Increase in serum insulin level correlated with decrease in fecal propionic acid by 5.3-folds (95% CI =  − 2.7,  − 0.15, p = 0.04). Increase in serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) correlated with decrease in the percentage of fecal butyric acid by 25% (p = 0.04). Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin showed a significant effect on fecal acetic acid (p = 0.009 and p = 0.01, respectively). Elevated serum FBS and insulin correlated with increase in fecal acetic acid by 2.8 and 8.9-folds (95%CI = 0.34, 1.9 and 1.2, 9.2), respectively. The LCD increased fecal SCFAs and a significant correlation was seen between serum IL-6 and fecal propionic acid level. More studies are needed to reach a concise correlation.Trial registration number: The trial was registered in Iranian ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20200929048876N3.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of multiple-dose intravenous fosfomycin in critically ill patients during continuous venovenous hemodialysis
Authors: Hüppe Tobias , Götz Katharina M. , Meiser Andreas , de Faria Fernandes Andrea , Maurer Felix , Groesdonk Heinrich V. , Volk Thomas , Lehr Thorsten , Kreuer Sascha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose intravenous (i.v.) fosfomycin in critically ill patients during continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD). Non-compartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic modeling were used to simulate different dosing regimens. We evaluated 15 critically ill patients with renal insufficiency and CVVHD undergoing anti-infective treatment with fosfomycin in our ICU. Five grams of fosfomycin were administered for 120 min every 6 h. Plasma concentrations were determined with and without CVVHD. Pharmacokinetic analysis and simulations were performed using non-linear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM). A two-compartment model with renal and dialysis clearance was most accurate in describing the pharmacokinetics of i.v. fosfomycin during CVVHD. Population parameter estimates were 18.20 L and 20.80 L for the central and peripheral compartment volumes, and 0.26 L/h and 5.08 L/h for renal and intercompartmental clearance, respectively. Urinary creatinine clearance (CLCR) represented a considerable component of renal clearance. Central compartment volume increased over time after the first dose. For patients with CLCR > 50 (90) mL/min and CVVHD, dosage should be increased to ≥ 15 (16) grams of i.v. fosfomycin across three (four) daily doses. Individual CLCR must be considered when dosing i.v. fosfomycin in critically ill patients during CVVHD.
Production of marmoset eggs and embryos from xenotransplanted ovary tissues
Authors: Hirayama Runa , Taketsuru Hiroaki , Nakatsukasa Ena , Natsume Rie , Saito Nae , Adachi Shuko , Kuwabara Sayaka , Miyamoto Jun , Miura Shiori , Fujisawa Nobuyoshi , Maeda Yoshitaka , Takao Keizo , Abe Manabu , Sasaoka Toshikuni , Sakimura Kenji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has attracted attention as a valuable primate model for the analysis of human diseases. Despite the potential for primate genetic modification, however, its widespread lab usage has been limited due to the requirement for a large number of eggs. To make up for traditional oocyte retrieval methods such as hormone administration and surgical techniques, we carried out an alternative approach by utilizing ovarian tissue from deceased marmosets that had been disposed of. This ovarian tissue contains oocytes and can be used as a valuable source of follicles and oocytes. In this approach, the ovarian tissue sections were transplanted under the renal capsules of immunodeficient mice first. Subsequent steps consist of development of follicles by hormone administrations, induction of oocyte maturation and fertilization, and culture of the embryo. This method was first established with rat ovaries, then applied to marmoset ovaries, ultimately resulting in the successful acquisition of the late-stage marmoset embryos. This approach has the potential to contribute to advancements in genetic modification research and disease modeling through the use of primate models, promoting biotechnology with non-human primates and the 3Rs principle in animal experimentation.
An advanced approach for the electrical responses of discrete fractional-order biophysical neural network models and their dynamical responses
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Alzahrani Taher , Rashid Saima , Rashidah Waleed , ur Rehman Shafiq , Alkhatib Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe multiple activities of neurons frequently generate several spiking-bursting variations observed within the neurological mechanism. We show that a discrete fractional-order activated nerve cell framework incorporating a Caputo-type fractional difference operator can be used to investigate the impacts of complex interactions on the surge-empowering capabilities noticed within our findings. The relevance of this expansion is based on the model’s structure as well as the commensurate and incommensurate fractional-orders, which take kernel and inherited characteristics into account. We begin by providing data regarding the fluctuations in electronic operations using the fractional exponent. We investigate two-dimensional Morris–Lecar neuronal cell frameworks via spiked and saturated attributes, as well as mixed-mode oscillations and mixed-mode bursting oscillations of a decoupled fractional-order neuronal cell. The investigation proceeds by using a three-dimensional slow-fast Morris–Lecar simulation within the fractional context. The proposed method determines a method for describing multiple parallels within fractional and integer-order behaviour. We examine distinctive attribute environments where inactive status develops in detached neural networks using stability and bifurcation assessment. We demonstrate features that are in accordance with the analysis’s findings. The Erdös–Rényi connection of asynchronization transformed neural networks (periodic and actionable) is subsequently assembled and paired via membranes that are under pressure. It is capable of generating multifaceted launching processes in which dormant neural networks begin to come under scrutiny. Additionally, we demonstrated that boosting connections can cause classification synchronization, allowing network devices to activate in conjunction in the future. We construct a reduced-order simulation constructed around clustering synchronisation that may represent the operations that comprise the whole system. Our findings indicate the influence of fractional-order is dependent on connections between neurons and the system’s stored evidence. Moreover, the processes capture the consequences of fractional derivatives on surge regularity modification and enhance delays that happen across numerous time frames in neural processing.