bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitating children's accurate responses: conversational rules and interview style
Authors: Cordón Ingrid M. , Saetermoe Carrie L. , Goodman Gail S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of teaching young children a set of social conversational rules as a method of reducing errors in children's memory reports. Forty children (aged 3 to 6 years) interacted with a confederate ‘teaching assistant.’ Three conversational rules were examined as possible means of decreasing inaccuracies. For comparison purposes, three placebo rules were also developed. To test the limitations of teaching young children a set of conversational rules, three interview styles (neutral, repetitive, accusatory) were used. Results indicated that children who received all three target rules provided a smaller proportion of incorrect responses than did children who received fewer target rules or than children in a placebo control group, regardless of interview style. Theoretical and applied issues are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of age and size in the ears of gekkonomorph lizards: Middle‐ear morphology with evolutionary implications
Authors: Werner Yehudah L. , Safford Shawn D. , Seifan Merav , Saunders James C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe function of the ear depends in part on its absolute size and internal proportions. Thus, in both young individuals and small species, the middle ear is expected to be allometrically enlarged despite its smaller absolute size. Here we aim to compare the ontogenetic allometry of relevant middle‐ear structures as observed within gecko (gekkonomorph lizards) species, with the evolutionary allometry observed interspecifically. These observations also provide middle‐ear data for future evaluation of variation in auditory sensitivity. The material comprised 84 museum specimens of geckos, representing nine species of three gekkonomorph subfamilies. The results of dissections and measurements show that different reports notwithstanding, the middle‐ear ossicular chain is indeed structured as described for geckos by Werner and Wever (J Exp Zool 1972;179:1–16) and Wever (The reptile ear, 1978). Some sexual dimorphism is indicated, but this requires further study. During postnatal ontogeny, the allometric growth in the ratio of the columellar footplate area to body length differed between the intraspecific and interspecific levels, hence species differences in the middle ear do not merely result from animal size. The ratio of the tympanic membrane area to the columellar footplate area increased during ontogeny. In this, geckos resemble birds and probably also mammals. Similarly, when the comparison was among adults representing different species, the ratio of the tympanic membrane area to the columellar footplate area increased with body size. In this, however, the geckos differed from birds and mammals, in which this ratio varied taxonomically, irrespective of body size. It would thus seem that middle‐ear proportions have evolved among geckos to produce small interspecific differences, but among amniote tetrapods they have evolved according to different principles in the classes reptiles, birds, and mammals. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice
Authors: Juriloff Diana M. , Harris Muriel J. , Dewell Sarah L. , Brown Carolyn J. , Mager Dixie L. , Gagnier Liane , Mah Diana G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate, CL(P), is genetically complex, with one contributing gene on chromosome 17q. A potentially homologous gene, clf1 on distal chromosome 11, is part of the digenic cause of the 10–30% CL(P) in the A/WySn mouse strain. Here we report our progress toward identifying the clf1 mutation.METHODSTranscription from all of the known and predicted genes in the 1.5‐Mb candidate region was examined in A/WySn and control (AXB‐4/Pgn) ED10–11 embryo heads. The marker haplotype for 28 inbred strains across the clf1 region was obtained. The entire transcripts of Wnt9b and Wnt3 in A/WySn were sequenced. Using long PCR, the genomic region from Wnt3 throughWnt9b was screened in A/WySn for an inserted retrotransposon.RESULTSGosr2, Wnt9b, Wnt3, Nsf, Arf2, Crhr1, Mapt, Cdc27, Myl4, Itgb3, chr11_20.152, chr11_20.154, chr11_20.155, and chr11_20.156 are expressed in ED10–11 heads. None is absent or detectably reduced in A/WySn. The ancestral pre‐clf1 mutation haplotype was found in CBA/J mice. By a test‐cross, CBA/J was confirmed to lack the clf1 mutation. Three single‐nucleotide variants in A/WySn (vs. C57BL/6J) were found in each of the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of Wnt3 and of Wnt9b, respectively; their presence in CBA/J shows that none are the clf1 mutation. An inserted intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon located 6.6 kb from the 3′ end of Wnt9b was found in A/WySn and in all clf1 strains tested. This IAP is absent in C57BL/6J and CBA/J.CONCLUSIONSThe clf1 mutation is a genomic alteration present in A/WySn and absent in the ancestral chromosomal segment in CBA/J. The IAP retrotransposon insertion near Wnt9b in A/WySn fits this criterion; we predict that interference with Wnt9b function by this IAP is the clf1 mutation. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired development of mitochondria plays a role in the central nervous system defects of fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Xu Yajun , Liu Peng , Li Yong 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlcohol consumption during pregnancy can induce a wide spectrum of adverse effects in offspring. Microcephaly and mental retardation are two major defects of central nervous system (CNS). Most mechanism studies of alcohol‐related CNS defects have been focused on the morphologically abnormal tissues, and more attention has been paid to nuclear alteration as opposed to organelle development.METHODSA mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was used to investigate the effect of alcohol on fetal cerebral mitochondria development. Pregnant mice were given different doses of ethanol intragastrically from GD6 to GD15. Fetal cerebral mitochondria were isolated and analyzed on GD18.RESULTSExcessive cell apoptosis was found in the cerebra of prenatal alcohol exposure fetuses. Proliferation and differentiation of fetal cerebral mitochondria were inhibited by alcohol. Affected mitochondrial volume constriction and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulation, reduced activities of respiratory chain complex I and IV and ATP synthase were detected in the cerebral tissue without obvious malformed appearance.CONCLUSIONSImpaired mitochondria development plays a role in the CNS defects induced by prenatal alcohol exposure. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGF‐R and erbB‐2 in murine tooth development after ethanol exposure
Authors: Jiménez‐Farfán Dolores , Guevara Jorge , Zenteno Edgar , Malagón Héctor , Hernández‐Guerrero Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlcohol consumption during pregnancy can frequently lead to a congenital disorder known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); however, not all children born to alcoholic women develop FAS. Alcohol consumption may affect diverse organs and systems during embryonic development, including craniofacial structures. Small teeth, enamel alterations, and delayed eruption have been observed after ethanol exposure. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF‐Rs) participate in dental proliferation and differentiation, and changes in these receptors were considered here to be a likely mechanism associated to the dental anomalies observed in this syndrome. Epidermal growth factor receptor type 1 (EGF‐R) and epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (erbB‐2) immunoexpression during the lower first molar morphogenesis was investigated in mouse fetuses exposed to ethanol during gestation.METHODSPregnant female mice were divided into groups, consuming either 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25% ethanol solutions, or water (control group). Heads were obtained from 16.5‐ and 18.5‐day fetuses. Immunohistochemistry was applied to EGF‐R and erbB‐2.RESULTSAt days 16.5 and 18.5, fetuses from 15%, 20%, and 25% ethanol groups showed delayed differentiation, degenerative changes in dental epithelial tissues and reduced dental size; additionally, they displayed an enhanced immunoreactivity to EGF‐R and erbB‐2.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that ethanol consumption during pregnancy affects the expression of EGF receptors and induces a delay in murine fetal dental morphogenesis. Dental development is a process that involves a number of growth factors; hence we consider that further research is required to show whether the changes in glycosylation and growth‐factor signaling pathways observed in other cells are also involved in the alterations observed in this study. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulated folding in polypeptides of diversified molecular tacticity: Implications for protein folding and de novo design
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vibin , Ranbhor Ranjit , Durani Susheel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStereochemistry could be a powerful variable for conformational tune up of polypeptides for de novo design. It may be also useful probe of possible role of interamide energetics in selection and stabilization of conformation. The homopolypeptides Ac–Xxx30–NHMe, with Xxx = Ala, Val, and Leu, of diversified stereochemical structure are generated by simulated racemization with a modified GROMOS‐96 force field. The polypeptides, and other systematic stereochemical variants, are folded by simulated annealing with another modified GROMOS‐96 force field under the dielectric constant values 1, 4, and 10. The resultant 15,000 molecular folds of isotactic (poly‐L‐chiral), syndiotactic (alternating L,D‐chiral), and heterotactic (random‐L,D‐chiral) stereochemical structure, belonging to three polypeptide series, achieved under three different folding conditions, are assessed statistically for structure‐to‐energy‐to‐conformation relationship. The results suggest that interamide electrostatics could be a major factor in secondary‐structure selection in polypeptides while main‐chain stereochemistry could dictate molecular packing and therefore the relative magnitude of hydrogen‐bond and Lennard–Jones (LJ) contributions in conformational energy. A method for computational design of heterotactic molecular folds in polypeptide structure has been developed, and the first road map for a chiral tune up of polypeptide structure based on stereochemical engineering has been laid down. Broad implications for protein structure, folding, and de novo design are briefly discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 96–105, 2005
Molecular dynamics simulation of truncated bovine adrenodoxin
Authors: Shakya Saurabh Kumar , Gu Wei , Helms Volkhard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe 128 amino acid long soluble protein adrenodoxin (Adx) is a typical member of the ferredoxin protein family that are electron carrier proteins with an iron–sulfur cofactor. Adx carries electrons from adrenodoxin reductase (AdR) to cytochrome P450s. Its binding modes to these proteins were previously characterized by site‐directed mutagenesis, by X‐ray crystallography for the complex Adx:AdR, and by NMR. However, no clear evidence has been provided for the driving force that promotes Adx detachment from AdR upon reduction. Here, we characterized the conformational dynamics of unbound Adx in the oxidized and reduced forms using 2–20 ns long molecular dynamics simulations. The most noticeable difference between both forms is the enhanced flexibility of the loop (47–51) surrounding the iron–sulfur cluster in the reduced form. Together with several structural displacements at the binding interface, this increased flexibility may be the key factor promoting unbinding of reduced Adx from AdR. This points to an intrinsic property of reduced Adx that drives dissociation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 9–20, 2005
Exchange of counterions in DNA condensation
Authors: Murayama Yoshihiro , Sano Masaki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe measured the fluorescence intensity of DNA‐bound fluorescent dyes YO‐PRO‐1 (oxazole yellow) and YOYO‐1 (dimer of oxazole yellow) at various spermidine concentrations to determine how counterions on DNA are exchanged in the process of DNA condensation. A decrease of fluorescence intensity was observed with an increase of spermidine. Considering the chemical equilibrium under the competition between the dye and spermidine for counterion condensation on DNA, the theoretical curve well describes the decrease of the fluorescence intensity. These results indicate that dyes are exchanged for spermidine at the binding site on DNA; that is, the exchange of counterions occurs. The parameters associated with the decrease of the fluorescence intensity show that the relative affinity of the dye and spermidine for DNA depends on the state of DNA. Moreover, YOYO‐1 prevents the DNA condensation, but the effect of YO‐PRO‐1 on the condensation is very slight, though both dyes intercalate for DNA; the high affinity of YOYO‐1 compared to YO‐PRO‐1 enables prevention of the condensation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 77: 354–360, 2005
Bioelectrocatalytic signaling from immunosensors with back‐filling immobilization of glucose oxidase on biorecognition surfaces
Authors: Won Byoung Yeon , Choi Hyoung Gil , Kim Kong Hwan , Byun Sang Yo , Kim Hak‐Sung , Yoon Hyun C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report a novel method of electrochemical signaling from antigen–antibody interactions at immunoelectrodes with bioelectrocatalyzed enzymatic signal amplification. For the immunosensing surface construction, a poly(amidoamine) G4‐dendrimer was employed not only as a building block for the electrode surface modification but also as a matrix for ligand functionalization. As a model biorecognition reaction, the dinitrophenyl (DNP) antigen‐functionalized electrode was fabricated and an anti‐DNP antibody was used. Glucose oxidase (GOX) was chosen to amplify electrochemical signal by enzymatic catalysis. The signal amplification strategy introduced in this study is based on the back‐filling immobilization of biocatalytic enzyme to the immunosensor surface, circumventing the use of an enzyme‐labeled antibody. The non‐labeled native antibody was biospecifically bound to the immobilized ligand, and the activated enzyme (periodate‐treated GOX) reacted and “back‐filled” the remaining surface amine groups on the dendrimer layer by an imine formation reaction. From the bioelectrocatalyzed signal registration with the immobilized GOX, the surface density of biospecifically bound antibody could be estimated. The DNP functionalization reaction was optimized to facilitate the antibody recognition and signaling reactions, and ≈6% displacement of surface amine to DNP was found to be an optimum. From quartz crystal microbalance measurement, immunosensing reaction timing and the surface inertness to the nonspecific biomolecular binding were tested. By changing the surface functionalization level of DNP in the calibration experiments, immunosensors exhibited different dynamic detection ranges and limits of detection, supporting the capability of parameters modulation for the immunosensors. For the anti‐DNP antibody assay, the fabricated immunosensor having 65% functionalization ratio exhibited the linear detection range of 10−4 to 0.1 g/L protein and a limit of detection around 2 × 10−5 g/L. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
eIF2α phosphorylation, stress perception, and the shutdown of global protein synthesis in cultured CHO cells
Authors: Underhill Michèle F. , Birch John R. , Smales C. Mark , Naylor Louise H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe perception of environmental stress in animal cells engineered to produce heterologous protein leads to the induction of stress signaling pathways and ultimately apoptosis and cell death. Protein synthesis is regulated in response to various environmental stresses by phosphorylation of the α subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). In this study we have utilized a model system of Chinese hamster ovary cells engineered to secrete recombinant TIMP‐1 protein to investigate the relationship between the cellular rate of protein synthesis, eIF2α phosphorylation, cellular stress perception, and the rate of cell specific recombinant protein synthesis. The rate of total protein synthesis was maximal after 48 hours of culture, remaining relatively high until 96 hours of culture, after which a decline was observed. Towards the end of culture a marked increase in labeled secreted protein was observed. Total eIF2α expression levels were high during the exponential growth phase and decreased slightly towards the end of culture. On the other hand, the relative expression of phosphorylated eIF2α showed a bi‐phasic response with a small increase in phosphorylated eIF2α observed at 48 hours of culture, and a significant increase at 120 hours post‐inoculation. The large increase in phosphorylated eIF2α coincided with the observed increase in labeled secreted protein and the decline in total cellular protein synthesis. A marked increase in ubiquitination was also observed at 120 hours post‐inoculation that coincided with reduced rates of cellular protein synthesis and mRNA translation attenuation. We suggest that eIF2α phosphorylation is an indicator of cellular stress perception, which could be exploited in recombinant protein manufacturing to commence feeding and engineering strategies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of the Sugarbaker procedure for pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Bryant J , Clegg A J , Sidhu M K , Brodin H , Royle P , Davidson P 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Background
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, a rare progressive disease process within the peritoneum, is characterized by an abundance of mucinous fluid; if left untreated, the condition is fatal. The aim of this article is to assess the clinical effectiveness and costs of the Sugarbaker procedure for pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature up to April 2004 was undertaken, with modelling of costs.

Results
Five retrospective case-series reports met the inclusion criteria. Survival after operation was approximately 95 per cent at 2 years and 60–68 per cent at 10 years, with 41–52 per cent of patients having no evidence of disease at the end of follow-up. A Monte Carlo simulation model estimated the marginal cost for one patient over a maximum of 5 years to be about £ 9700 (standard deviation £ 1300).

Conclusion
Evidence of the effectiveness of the Sugarbaker procedure for pseudomyxoma peritonei is limited in quantity and quality, but suggests there may be some benefit for patients. The marginal cost of the operation is about £ 9700, provided that trained and experienced staff are available to perform the procedure.
Elective surgery after acute diverticulitis
Authors: Janes S , Meagher A , Frizelle F A 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundDiverticulitis is a common condition. Practice guidelines from many organizations recommend bowel resection after two attacks. The evidence for such a recommendation is reviewed.MethodsA Medline literature search was performed to locate English language articles on surgery for diverticular disease. Further articles were obtained from the references cited in the literature initially reviewed.ResultsMost people with diverticulosis are asymptomatic. Diverticular disease occurs in over 25 per cent of the population, increasing with age. After one episode of diverticulitis one-third of patients have recurrent symptoms; after a second episode a further third have a subsequent episode. Perforation is commonest during the first episode of acute diverticulitis. After recovering from an episode of diverticulitis the risk of an individual requiring an urgent Hartmann's procedure is one in 2000 patient-years of follow-up. Surgery for diverticular disease has a high complication rate and 25 per cent of patients have ongoing symptoms after bowel resection.ConclusionThere is no evidence to support the idea that elective surgery should follow two attacks of diverticulitis. Further prospective trials are required.
Synthesis of Ag and AgI Quantum Dots in AOT‐Stabilized Water‐in‐CO2 Microemulsions
Authors: Liu Juncheng , Raveendran Poovathinthodiyil , Shervani Zameer , Ikushima Yutaka , Hakuta Yukiya 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSilver and silver iodide nanocrystals have been synthesized in the water‐in‐CO2 reverse microemulsions formed by the commonly used surfactant, sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), in the presence of 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5‐octafluoro‐1‐pentanol as cosurfactant. The nanometer‐sized aqueous domains in the microemulsion cores not only act as nanoreactors, but the surfactant interfacial monolayer also helps the stabilization of the metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy results show that silver and silver iodide nanocrystals with average diameters of 6.0 nm (standard deviation, SD=1.3 nm) and 5.7 nm (SD=1.4 nm), respectively, were formed. The results indicate that the method can be utilized as a general and economically viable approach for the synthesis of metal and semiconductor quantum dots in environmentally benign supercritical carbon dioxide.
Palladium(II)‐Substituted Tungstosilicate [Cs2K(H2O)7Pd2WO (H2O)(A‐α‐SiW9O34)2] 9‐.
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Kortz Ulrich , Keita Bineta , Nadjo Louis , Borrmann Horst 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the cis‐ and trans‐Stereoisomers of 4‐Aminopyrrolidine‐3‐carboxylic Acid and 4‐Aminotetrahydrofuran‐3‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Bunnage Mark E. , Davies Stephen G. , Roberts Paul M. , Smith Andrew D. , Withey Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Realization of the Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Carbamylacetates and Cyanoacetates by Either Enzymatic or Chemical Functional Group Transformation, Depending upon the Substrate Specificity of Rhodococcus Amidase.
Authors: Yokoyama Masahiro , Kashiwagi Mieko , Iwasaki Masakazu , Fuhshuku Ken‐ichi , Ohta Hiromichi , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Reaction System for Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Olefination of Optically Active 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐alkylphosphonates and 4‐Hydroxy‐1‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐alkylphosphonates with Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Xu Chengfu , Yuan Chengye 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conversion of Chiral Unsaturated Cyanohydrins into Chiral Carba‐ and Heterocycles via Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: van den Nieuwendijk Adrianus M. C. H. , Ghisaidoobe Amar B. T. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Brussee Johannes , van der Gen Arne 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation of Primary Alkyl Halides Using Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone as a Difluoromethyl Anion Equivalent.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Hu Jinbo , Wang Ying , Olah George A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Z/E Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Bromo Baylis—Hillman Ketones Using MgBr2 as Promoter via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wei Han‐Xun , Jasoni Richard L. , Hu Jiali , Li Guigen , Pare Paul W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Bifunctional BINOLAM‐AlCl versus Monofunctional BINOL‐AlCl Complexes.
Authors: Casas Jesus , Najera Carmen , Sansano Jose M. , Saa Jose M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.