bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloimmune memory is absent in the Red Sea hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma
Authors: Frank Uri , Rinkevich Baruch 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen two allogeneic colonies of the Red Sea hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) come into tissue contact, one of the genotypes is usually overgrown by the other. The directionality and pace of this alloresponse are thought to be genetically determined. We established tissue contacts between allogeneic colonies in situ in order to elucidate a possible memory component in this response. First‐set interactions were established from all possible pairwise combinations between three colonies in eight replicates per combination. Interactions were followed up for 8 weeks. Thereafter, interacting pairs were detached and either regrafted near the original contact area to form second‐set assays or challenged by third party grafts. Additional delayed first‐set assays was also established. Overgrowth of delayed first‐set, second‐set, and third‐party grafts was followed again for 8 weeks. The mean overgrowths recorded in the second set of the interactions were indistinguishable from the first sets in all three colony combinations. A specific alloimmune memory has not been found in this cnidarian system as opposed to other cases within the phylum. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 291:25–29, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Connected (g, f)‐factors
Authors: Ellingham M. N. , Nam Yunsun , Voss Heinz‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we study connected (g, f)‐factors. We describe an algorithm to connect together an arbitrary spanning subgraph of a graph, without increasing the vertex degrees too much; if the algorithm fails we obtain information regarding the structure of the graph. As a consequence we give sufficient conditions for a graph to have a connected (g, f)‐factor, in terms of the number of components obtained when we delete a set of vertices. As corollaries we can derive results of Win [S. Win, Graphs Combin 5 (1989), 201–205], Xu et al. [B. Xu, Z. Liu, and T. Tokuda, Graphs Combin 14 (1998), 393–395] and Ellingham and Zha [M. N. Ellingham and Xiaoya Zha, J Graph Theory 33 (2000), 125–137]. We show that a graph has a connected [a, b]‐factor (b>a ≥ 2) if the graph is tough enough; when b ≥ a + 2, toughness at least $(a-1) + {a\over b-2}$ suffices. We also show that highly edge‐connected graphs have spanning trees of relatively low degree; in particular, an m‐edge‐connected graph G has a spanning tree T such that degT (υ) ≤ 2 + ⌈ degG(υ)/m⌉ for each vertex υ. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 62–75, 2002
Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pancreatitis: Evaluation of signal intensity and enhancement changes
Authors: Sica Gregory T. , Miller Frank H. , Rodriguez Germaine , McTavish Jeffrey , Banks Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the utility of unenhanced and enhanced T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed (T1‐FS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting pancreatitis.Materials and Methods1.5‐T MRI was performed in 25 patients with acute and 23 patients with chronic pancreatitis and in 20 control subjects without known pancreatic disease. T1‐FS spin‐echo and contrast‐enhanced arterial‐predominant (DYN1) and portal‐predominant (DYN2) fast multiplanar spoiled gradient‐echo (FMPSPGR) sequences were evaluated. These three sets of images were evaluated both subjectively for decreased or heterogeneous signal intensity (rating scale, 0–3) and objectively (region of interest (ROI)) in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, in each patient.ResultsGood correlation between subjective assessment and objective data was demonstrated. The T1‐FS sequence showed an abnormality with greater frequency (T1‐FS > DYN1, 81/144 scores; T1‐FS = DYN1, 63/144 scores; T1‐FS < DYN1, 0/144 scores) and magnitude (average subjective score, 2.48 vs. 1.74; P < 0.0003) than that of the contrast‐enhanced FMPSPGR (decreased or heterogeneous enhancement). The overall sensitivity and specificity of MRI was 92% and 50%, respectively. On the basis of signal intensity and enhancement, MRI was not able to differentiate acute from chronic pancreatitis.ConclusionMRI was highly sensitive for disease detection, particularly using the T1‐FS sequence, but using the sequences described, was not able to differentiate acute from chronic pancreatitis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:275–284. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methodology of brain perfusion imaging
Authors: Barbier Emmanuel L. , Lamalle Laurent , Décorps Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerous techniques have been proposed in the last 15 years to measure various perfusion‐related parameters in the brain. In particular, two approaches have proven extremely successful: injection of paramagnetic contrast agents for measuring cerebral blood volumes (CBV) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) for measuring cerebral blood flows (CBF). This review presents the methodology of the different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in use for CBV and CBF measurements and briefly discusses their limitations and potentials. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:496–520. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical role of spatial resolution in dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI
Authors: Furman‐Haran Edna , Grobgeld Dov , Kelcz Frederick , Degani Hadassa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spatial resolution of three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐echo T1‐weighted images, from 40 women with 25 malignant and 23 benign lesions, was purposely degraded to determine the role of spatial resolution in recording, analysis, and diagnosis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI. Images were recorded and analyzed at pixel resolution according to the 3TP method (Degani et al., Nat Med 1997;3:780–782). Reduction in spatial resolution degraded the appearance of foci with fast wash‐in and fast washout dynamics. This resulted in an increase in false‐negative diagnoses. The sensitivity for differentiating between malignant and benign lesions, using threshold criteria defined by the 3TP analysis, of 76% decreased to 60% and 24% for a 2‐ and 4‐fold reduction in spatial resolution, respectively, without affecting significantly the high specificity (96–100%). In order to minimize false‐negative diagnoses of contrast‐enhanced breast MRI and maintain high specificity, it is essential to record and analyze the dynamic behavior at high spatial resolution. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:862–867. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of aortic diseases using nonenhanced MRA with ECG‐triggered 3D half‐Fourier FSE
Authors: Urata Joji , Miyazaki Mitsue , Wada Hirofumi , Nakaura Takeshi , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Takahashi Mutsumasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of the nonenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique known as fresh‐blood imaging (FBI), using electrocardiograph (ECG)‐triggered 3D half‐Fourier fast spin‐echo (FSE), was evaluated for the detection and characterization of aortic diseases. Seventy‐five consecutive patients with aortic disease underwent the FBI examination on a 1.5‐T clinical imager. The results showed that the FBI technique permits clear visualization of aortic diseases, and the vessel branches and their relationship, which provides valuable information. Therefore, the nonenhanced FBI technique is appropriate to use for screening purposes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:113–120. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas‐phase binding of non‐covalent protein complexes between bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and its target enzymes studied by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nesatyy Victor J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe potential of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) to detect non‐covalent protein complexes has been demonstrated repeteadly. However, questions about correlation of the solution and gas‐phase structures of these complexes still produce vigorous scientific discussion. Here, we demonstrate the evaluation of the gas‐phase binding of non‐covalent protein complexes formed between bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and its target enzymes over a wide range of dissociation constants. Non‐covalent protein complexes were detected by ESI‐MS. The abundance of the complex ions in the mass spectra is less than expected from the values of the dissociation constants of the complexes in solution. Collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and a collision model for ion activation were used to evaluate the binding of non‐covalent complexes in the gas phase. The internal energy required to induce dissociation was calculated for three collision gases (Ne, Ar, Kr) over a wide range of collision gas pressures and energies using an electrospray ionization source. The order of binding energies of the gas‐phase ions for non‐covalent protein complexes formed by the ESI source and assessed using CAD‐MS/MS appears to differ from that of the solution complexes. The implication is that solution structure of these complexes was not preserved in the gas phase. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of parvovirus B19 DNA in synovium of patients with haemophilic arthritis
Authors: Zakrzewska K. , Azzi A. , De Biasi E. , Radossi P. , De Santis R. , Davoli P.G. , Tagariello G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA progressive arthropathy develops commonly in haemophiliacs and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Human parvovirus B19 has been associated with several diseases including acute and chronic arthropathy and some studies suggest its implication in chronic inflammatory diseases of the joints such as rheumatoid arthritis. In haemophiliacs parvovirus B19 infection occurs very frequently because of its transmission with plasma derivatives. In order to assess a role of B19 virus in haemophilic arthritis, synovial tissue samples from patients with haemophilia with arthritis and from patients, nonhaemophiliacs, with arthrosis or with joint trauma were examined for B19 DNA by nested PCR. In addition, the prevalence of antibody to parvovirus B19 NS1 protein as a possible serological marker of persistent B19 infection was tested and the association of the outcome of parvovirus infection with genetic diversity of B19 P6 promoter sequences was investigated. B19 DNA was detected in the synovial tissue of 31% of haemophiliacs with progressive arthropathy and of 5% of control patients. Fourteen out of 17 patients (82%) with haemophilic arthritis and with B19 DNA in their synovial membranes had IgG antibodies against the nonstructural protein NS1 of parvovirus B19. On the other hand, 19% of patients with haemophilia with B19 PCR negative synovial tissue and 21% of controls showed anti‐NS1 antibodies. The P6 promoter presented specific sites of point mutations shared frequently by isolates from patients with haemophilia and arthritis. These results indicate that B19 DNA can persist in the synovial membranes of patients with haemophilic arthritis significantly more frequently in comparison to control individuals with arthrosis or joint trauma and show a correlation between anti‐ NS1 antibody presence and B19 DNA persistence in the synovial tissue. J. Med. Virol. 65:402–407, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of rotaviral infection in South Indian children with acute diarrhea from 1995–1996 to 1998–1999
Authors: Kang Gagandeep , Green Jonathan , Gallimore Christopher I. , Brown David W.G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe distribution of VP7 (G‐) and VP4 (P‐) genotypes among 126 rotavirus strains from South Indian children, < 5 years of age and with acute diarrhoea, presenting to a single hospital during the months to November and December, from 1995 to 1998, was studied. Multiplex hemi‐nested G‐ and P‐typing polymerase chain reactions determined 101 (80%) G types and 78 (61%) P types, respectively. In order of frequency, the commonest G types were G1, G4, G2, G9, G3, and G8, and P types were P1B[4], P1A[8], and P2A[6] and the most common G:P combinations were G1:P1A[8], G1:P1B[4], G2P1B[4] and G4:P1A[8]. G1, G2, and G4 types were seen in all years. The single G3 isolate was seen in 1998. The single G8 isolate and the 5 G9 isolates were seen in 1997, after a period of heavy rain. Sequence analysis showed that the G8 isolate was related most closely to the bovine strain A5, and the G9 strains were distinct from the nonpathogenic Indian isolate 116E and similar to G9s isolated in Mysore and the United Kingdom described previously. J. Med. Virol. 67:101–105, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AMP deaminase in rat brain: Localization in neurons and ependymal cells
Authors: Knecht Kerstin , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz , Gnau Volker , Jung Günther , Meyermann Richard , Todd Kathryn G. , Hamprecht Bernd 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purine nucleotide cycle enzyme AMP deaminase (AMPD) catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of AMP. The physiological function of the purine nucleotide cycle in the brain is unknown. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies were performed to identify the regional and cellular expression of AMPD in rat brain with the goal of elucidating the neural function of the purine nucleotide cycle. AMPD messenger RNA was detected in ventricular ependymal cells and cells of the choroid plexus and in neurons of distinct brain areas. Although only low antibody titers were obtained by immunization with the purified sheep brain AMPD, immunization of mice with synthetic lipopeptide vaccines containing oligopeptides derived from a known partial complementary DNA sequence of the enzyme yielded an antiserum suitable for immunocytochemistry. Immunostaining of cells in culture showed that neurons but not astroglial cells express appreciable amounts of the enzyme. Results of immunocytochemical staining performed on rat brain slices were in accord with the localization of AMPD messenger RNA, thus confirming the expression of AMPD in neurons of the brain stem, hippocampus, cerebellar nuclei and mesencephalic nuclei, as well as in ventricular ependymal cells and their cilia. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibition reveals differences in signalling pathways activated by neurotrophin‐3 and other growth‐stimulating conditions of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons
Authors: Wiklund Peter , Ekström Per A.R. , Edström Anders 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPD98059 blocks mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) by inhibiting its activator, MAP kinase kinase (MEK). We have previously found that PD98059 only transiently inhibits spontaneous axonal outgrowth from adult mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants, whereas it causes sustained inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF)‐stimulated growth. Surprisingly, the present results showed that outgrowth stimulation by neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), interacting with another neuronal subgroup, was markedly enhanced by PD98059 and also by U0126, another inhibitor of MAPK activation. In contrast, the effects of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which stimulates still another subgroup of DRG neurons, was opposed by PD98059. Axonal outgrowth in vitro can also be strongly increased by a prior axotomy in vivo. The increased outgrowth in preaxotomized explants was effectively inhibited by the presence of PD98059. Immunocytochemistry based on whole‐mount labelling revealed the presence of neuronal MAPK, which was found to be activated by NGF, NT‐3, and GDNF in separate axonal populations and by a prior axotomy in a majority of growing axons. The results suggest that there are important differences in the NGF and NT‐3 signalling pathways, which may involve positive and negative control mechanisms by MAPK activation, respectively. Other findings indicate that GDNF exerts its growth effects by activation of MAPK and that expression of the conditioning effect in vitro in preaxotomized preparations also requires activation of MAPK. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA microarray analysis of the contused spinal cord: Effect of NMDA receptor inhibition
Authors: Nesic O. , Svrakic N.M. , Xu G‐Y. , McAdoo D. , Westlund K. N. , Hulsebosch C. E. , Ye Zeiming , Galante A. , Soteropoulos P. , Tolias P. , Young W. , Hart R.P. , Perez‐Polo J.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI)‐induced neurodegeneration leads to irreversible and devastating motor and sensory dysfunction. Post‐traumatic outcomes are determined by events occurring during the first 24 hours after SCI. An increase in extracellular glutamate concentration to neurotoxic levels is one of the earliest events after SCI. We used Affymetrix DNA oligonucleotide microarrays (with 1,322 DNA probes) analysis to measure gene expression in order to test the hypothesis that SCI‐induced N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation triggers significant postinjury transcriptional changes. Here we report that SCI, 1 hour after trauma, induced change in mRNA levels of 165 genes and expression sequence tags (ESTs). SCI affected mRNA levels of those genes that regulate predominantly transcription factors, inflammation, cell survival, and membrane excitability. We also report that NMDA receptor inhibition (with ‐(+)‐5‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[a,d]‐cyclohepten‐5,10‐imine hydrogen maleate [MK‐801]) reversed the effect of SCI on about 50% of the SCI‐affected mRNAs. Especially interesting is the finding that NMDA receptor activation participates in the up‐regulation of inflammatory factors. Therefore, SCI‐induced NMDA receptor activation is one of the dominant, early signals after trauma that leads to changes in mRNA levels of a number of genes relevant to recovery processes. The majority of MK‐801 effects on the SCI‐induced mRNA changes reported here are novel. Additionally, we found that the MK‐801 treatment also changed the mRNA levels of 168 genes and ESTs that had not been affected by SCI alone, and that some of their gene products could have harmful effects on SCI outcome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 improve spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice
Authors: Mook‐Jung Inhee , Hong Hyun‐Seok , Boo Jung Hyun , Lee Kang Hee , Yun Sung Hwan , Cheong Mi Young , Joo Insoo , Huh Kyoon , Jung Min Whan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the cognition enhancing effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1. Mice were trained in a Morris water maze following injection (i.p.) of Rb1 (1 mg/kg) or Rg1 (1 mg/kg) for 4 days. Both Rb1‐ and Rg1‐injected mice showed enhanced spatial learning compared to control animals. The hippocampus, but not the frontal cortex, of treated mice contained higher density of a synaptic marker protein, synaptophysin, compared to control mice. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices revealed that Rb1 or Rg1 injection did not change the magnitude of paired‐pulse facilitation or long‐term potentiation. Our results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 enhance spatial learning ability by increasing hippocampal synaptic density without changing plasticity of individual synapses. J. Neurosci. Res. 63:509–515, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diminished frequency of interleukin‐10‐secreting, T‐cell receptor peptide‐reactive T cells in multiple sclerosis patients might allow expansion of activated memory T cells bearing the cognate BV gene
Authors: Vandenbark Arthur A. , Finn Tom , Barnes David , Culbertson Nicole , Chou Yuan K. , Hicks Kevin , Bakke Antony , Mass Michele , Whitham Ruth , Offner Halina , Bourdette Dennis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractT cells responsive to T‐cell receptor (TCR) determinants may regulate pathogenic Th1 responses in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) through interleukin (IL)‐10‐dependent bystander suppression. In this study, innate IL‐10‐ and interferon (IFN)‐γ‐secreting T cells responsive to TCR peptides were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients and healthy controls (HC) using the ELISPOT assay. Most HC had vigorous IL‐10 but low IFN‐γ frequencies to BV5S2 and BV6S1 peptides. In contrast, MS patients had significantly lower IL‐10 frequency responses to the TCR peptides but normal responses to concanavalin A. Patients undergoing TCR‐peptide vaccination had moderate responses that fluctuated in concert with vaccination. In an MS patient and HC, expression of BV6S1 by activated memory T cells was inversely associated with the presence of IL‐10‐secreting BV6S1‐reactive T cells. These results suggest that MS patients have diminished frequencies of innate TCR‐reactive T cells that may allow oligoclonal expansion of activated autoreactive Th1 effector cells expressing cognate V genes. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:171–176, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interannual variation in end‐of‐summer snowlines of the Southern Alps of New Zealand, and relationships with Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature patterns
Authors: Clare G. R. , Fitzharris B.B. , Chinn T. J. H. , Salinger M. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe end‐of‐summer snowline (EOSS) on 47 glaciers distributed throughout the Southern Alps of New Zealand is related to changes in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature patterns over a 23 year period. The EOSS provides an index of the glacier mass balance, as high (low) EOSS elevations relative to the steady‐state mean equilibrium line altitude (ELAm) indicate a negative (positive) glacier mass balance. Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature anomaly maps are produced for the accumulation season (April–October) and ablation season (November–March) for both composite high and low EOSS years.There is a high correlation between the EOSS for individual glaciers and the mean EOSS for the Southern Alps (EOSSAlps). The highest EOSSAlps occurred in 1978, 1990, 1998, and 1999; the lowest EOSSAlps occurred in 1983, 1992, 1993, and 1995. High (low) EOSSAlps values are associated with anomalous northerly (southerly) airflows and weaker (stronger) westerly airflows over the Southern Alps. These patterns are associated with positive (negative) 700 hPa geopotential anomalies to the southeast of New Zealand, a weaker (stronger) subtropical jet, and negative (positive) 700 hPa height anomalies over the southeast Pacific Ocean. High (low) EOSSAlps values are also associated with warm (cool) sea surface temperature anomalies near New Zealand and cool (warm) sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Reliability of Raman micro‐spectroscopy in analysing ancient ceramics: the case of ancient Vietnamese porcelain and celadon glazes
Authors: Liem N. Q. , Thanh N. T. , Colomban Ph. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNon‐destructive Raman spectroscopy has been used to study ancient ceramics. On the basis of spectral features characteristic to the microstructures, the composition and technological processing of ceramics in ancient times could be quantitatively determined. Ceramics are heterogeneous materials composed of grains of different phases, coated by different glazes containing various pigments. The question of reliability and representation of the Raman spectra recorded from the surface of glaze or on a section of shard is discussed. As an illustration, ancient (13–14th centuries) Vietnamese (proto)porcelains made at Ha Lan (Nam Ðinh) were studied with particular attention to the analysis of the SiO4‐based glassy network: Spectral components of the Si–O stretching mode are analysed in terms of isolated (Q0), more or less associated (Q1, Q2, Q3) or fully‐bonded (Q4) SiO4 tetrahedra. The results show the facility and reliability of Raman spectroscopy as a non‐destructive technique suitable for discrimination between ancient ceramics and modern copies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.