bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Sense of Community Index: A confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Obst Patricia L. , White Katherine M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Sense of Community Index (SCI) is one of the most commonly used measures of Psychological Sense of Community (PSOC). There is much discussion in the literature as to the validity of the scale as a measure not only of overall PSOC, but also of the dimensions (Membership, Influence, Needs Fulfillment, and Emotional Connection) theorized by McMillan and Chavis (1986) to underlie the construct. The current paper examines the factor structure of SCI in a study (N= 219) that examines multiple community memberships, including neighborhood, student, and interest group communities. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results showed that the SCI, in its original factor structure, did not adequately fit the data. The scale was revised, therefore, using CFA indicators, to produce a new four‐factor structure based on the same items. This revised model was tested and found to display adequate fit indices to the data in all three communities. The results of the study provide empirical support for retaining measures that encapsulate the four dimensions of PSOC. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 691–705, 2004.
Predicting social integration in the community among college students
Authors: Herrero Juan , Gracia Enrique 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article aims to examine determinants of social integration in the community among college students. Two‐wave panel data from an undergraduate student sample ( N = 310) was used to explore the effects of multiple sets of variables (personal, interpersonal, and situational) on social integration in the community. Structural equation analysis showed that personal (self‐esteem and perceived stress) and situational (undesirable life events) variables made significant contributions to changes to social integration in the community. Implications of these and other findings are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 707–720, 2004.
Methodological issues in conducting research with refugee women: Principles for recognizing and re‐centering the multiply marginalized
Authors: Goodkind Jessica R. , Deacon Zermarie 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMany recent efforts in the field of community psychology have been dedicated to moving from values to action in incorporating diversity into our work. An essential aspect of this goal is designing research that provides opportunities for underrepresented perspectives to be heard. The voices of refugee women, in particular, are not typically incorporated in research, planning for service provision, and policy design. This article explores methodological challenges involved in conducting research with refugee women who are marginalized both within broader U.S. contexts and within their own communities. Six guiding principles are presented: 1) develop strategies for involving marginalized refugee women; 2) consider the advantages and limitations of quantitative and qualitative methodologies and be innovative about combining them; 3) prepare for extensive time and effort for quantitative measure construction; 4) consider gendered decision‐making structures in the lives of refugee women and their potential impact on the research process; 5) plan for refugee women's common triple burden of working outside of the home, managing their households, and adjusting to life in a new country; and 6) attend to refugee women's cultural norms about and unfamiliarity with the interview process. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 721–739, 2004.
Optimisation of electrochemical decolourisation process of an azo dye, Methyl Orange
Authors: Sanromán María Ángeles , Pazos Marta , Cameselle Claudio 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe decolourisation of an azo dye, Methyl Orange, by an electrochemical technology was studied in a reaction cell with a working volume of 1 dm3, using graphite for both electrodes (anode and cathode). No decolourisation was detected in the treatment of pure solutions of Methyl Orange, but significant decolourisation was observed in the presence of NaCl, the influence of which was established. The extent of decolourisation, treatment time, and electrical consumption largely depended on the applied potential difference; the optimum value being around 5V. To achieve effective decolourisation, the NaCl concentration should be increased as the concentration of azo dye increases. Thus, almost complete decolourisation was achieved in 60 min for an effluent containing 40 kg m−3 NaCl and 90 g m−3 of dye. Increasing temperature (from 20 to 40°C) did not improve the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Bacterial decolorization of an azo dye with a natural isolate of Pseudomonas luteola and genetically modified Escherichia coli
Authors: Yeh Mao‐Song , Chang Jo‐Shu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe azo dye, Reactive Black B (RBB), was decolorized by a wild‐type isolate (Pseudomonas luteola), an Escherichia coli mutant (E coli NO3), and a recombinant strain (E coli CY1) harboring decolorizing genes from Rhodococcus sp. Decolorization of RBB by P luteola was inefficient with only 65% conversion, while color removal exceeded 90% for the two E coli strains, which were further investigated to determine the decolorization kinetics and operational stability. Kinetic studies applying a Monod‐type model showed that E coli NO3 was a more effective decolorizer for RBB than the CY1 strain. In addition, decolorization of RBB with the NO3 strain could tolerate higher temperatures and was more kinetically favorable over CY1. The optimal pH for decolorization was around 6.0–8.0 for NO3 and 8.0–10.0 for CY1. Decolorization of RBB was inhibited when the dissolved oxygen level exceeded 0.35 mg dm−3 for both strains. E coli NO3 was more stable during repeated operations, whereas the decolorization activity of E coli CY1 slightly decreased when the strain was used repeatedly. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of the settling properties of Anammox sludge in an SBR
Authors: Dapena‐Mora Ana , Arrojo Belén , Campos José Luis , Mosquera‐Corral Anuska , Méndez Ramón 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBiological systems for the treatment of wastewater have to provide optimum sludge retention to achieve high removal efficiencies. In the case of slow‐growing micro‐organisms, such as anaerobic ammonia‐oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria, episodes of flotation involving biomass wash‐out are especially critical. In this study a strategy based on the introduction of a mix period in the operational cycle of the Anammox Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was tested for its effects on biomass retention and nitrite removal. Using this new cycle distribution the biomass retention inside the reactor improved as the solids concentration in the effluent of the SBR decreased from 20–45 to 5–10 mg VSS dm−3 and the biomass concentration inside the reactor increased from 1.30 to 2.53 g VSS dm−3 in a period of 25 days. A decrease of the sludge volume index (SVI) from 108 to 60 cm3 g VSS−1 was also observed. Complete depletion of nitrite was achieved in the reactor only with the new cycle distribution treating nitrogen loading rates (g N‐NO2− + g N‐NH4+ dm−3 d−1) up to 0.60 g N dm−3 d−1. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Base‐catalyzed deuterium and tritium labelling of 1‐biphenyl‐4‐ylpropane‐1,2‐dione and deuteration of aryl methyl ketones
Authors: Berthelette Carl , Scheigetz John 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA synthesis and a base‐catalyzed exchange reaction was developed under mild conditions to deuterate and subsequently tritiate the methyl group of the base sensitive diketone 1‐biphenyl‐4‐ylpropane‐l,2‐dione depicted in Figure 1. Using Et3N as base, deuterium incorporation of the methyl group was 88.9% and the tritium incorporation gave a specific radioactivity of 119 mCi/mmol. The scope of the exchanges was extended to methyl aryl ketones 2–4. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Base‐catalyzed deuterium and tritium labeling of aryl methyl sulfones
Authors: Scheigetz John , Berthelette Carl , Li Chun , Zamboni Robert J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA method is presented for conveniently tritiating the aryl methyl sulfones of compounds identified as potent and selective inhibitors of human Cox‐2 and as DP receptor antagonists. A base‐catalyzed exchange reaction was conducted with deuterated water and the total deuterium incorporation, ranging from 46 to 99%, was calculated using mass spectrometry. Results from these exchanges were used as guidelines for tritium labeling giving specific radioactivities in the range of 28–120 mCi/mmol (1.03–4.43 GBq/mmol). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decolourisation of diverse industrial dyes by some Phlebia spp. and their comparison with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Arora Daljit Singh , Chander Mukesh 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThree species of Phlebia, viz. P. brevispora, P. fascicularia and P. floridensis have been evaluated for their potential to decolourise eight industrial dyes including; reactive yellow, reactive orange, reactive red, rathidol scarlet, coracryl black, coracryl pink, coracryl violet and coracryl red. The cultures used for the present study were pre adapted by growing these on yeast glucose agar medium supplemented with Poly–R 478, a reference dye. The fungal cultures were grown in mineral salts broth and harvested after different incubation periods to obtain their cell free enzyme extracts which were then used to assess their ability to decolourise the above mentioned dyes. The extracts obtained from the cultures grown for six days significantly decolourised the tested dyes. The study revealed Phlebia spp. to be better dye decolourisers than Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Screening for antibacterial activity in 72 species of wood‐colonizing fungi by the Vibrio fisheri bioluminescence method
Authors: Zrimec Maja Berden , Zrimec Alexis , Slanc Petra , Kac Javor , Kreft Samo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractResistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics leads scientists to discover new antibacterial drugs. Ninety samples of wood‐colonizing fungi were cultivated on agar plates, and their extracts tested for antibacterial activity using the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence test. Two fungi species, Serpula lacrymans and Nectria vilior, were found to be a potential new source of thermostable antibiotics. Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence test was found to be a useful method for antibacterial activity screening from the samples of natural origin. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tat dependent export of E. coli phytase AppA by using the PhoD‐specific transport system of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Gerlach Roman , Pop Ovidiu , Müller Jörg P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt has been shown recently that the twin‐arginine signal peptide of Bacillus subtilis phosphodiesterase PhoD (SPPhoD) can mediate Tat dependent transport of proteins via its specific Tat‐transport components. In order to test the use of Tat dependent transport signals for heterologous product synthesis, Escherichia coli phytase AppA was expressed under control of PhoD‐specific export signals in B. subtilis. Induction of Tat components TatAd/TatCd was mediated by using a functionally altered PhoR/PhoP signal transduction system which regulates the expression of these components. AppA was highly susceptible to host specific extracellular proteases. Expression of appA in B. subtilis wprA strain resulted in the stable production of AppA. A fusion protein consisting of SPPhoD and mature AppA remained unprocessed, while introduction of the AppA signal peptidase cleavage site resulted in efficient processing of the fusion protein. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strategy competence: a study of successful business establishments
Authors: Pehrsson Anders 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

This article presents a study of the link between strategy competence and performance in the context of international business establishments. The concept of strategy competence encompasses business relatedness and market familiarity.
The empirical findings are based on a study of 173 Swedish ventures in Germany and show that high relatedness between the core business and the local business, in terms of similar requirements for management skills and brand recognition, leads to high performance of the local business. At the same time, extensive experience of business strategies of local competitors leads to higher performance.
In light of the research findings, management would be well advised to strive for high resource relatedness between the market entry business and the core business of the firm and to focus on the build‐up of key market experiences, such as knowledge of the business strategies of local competitors.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The response of Phragmites australis to harvesting pressure in the Muzi Swamp of the Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa
Authors: Tarr J. A. , van Rooyen M. W. , Bothma J. du P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPhragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. has been harvested in the Muzi Swamp in Maputaland, South Africa for generations. Over the last ten years, however, a flourishing trade in this reed has developed. Concern has now been expressed that at the current levels of utilization the ecological integrity of the Muzi Swamp is being compromised, and that the current harvesting rates are not sustainable in the long term. The hypothesis was put forward that a degradation gradient exists with the most severe degradation occurring the closest to where community members enter the park, and the least degradation the furthest from this point. The results of this study, however, show no distinct degradation gradient. Yet the overall condition of the reeds in the harvesting area is poorer than in the non‐utilized area. Expansion of the current harvesting area, coupled with adaptive harvesting systems and yearly monitoring will improve the quality of the reeds within the harvesting area without affecting the harvesting quotas. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of area‐specific land‐use objectives for land development
Authors: Nidumolu U. B. , de Bie C. A. J. M. , van Keulen H. , Skidmore A. K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMaps of land‐use classes and soil series were analysed to identify areas having specific priorities with respect to agricultural land‐use analysis. Remote sensing data supported by field investigations was used to generate land‐use and soil maps. Present relationships between soils and associated land cover/use are analysed and patterns in these relationships are identified using GIS techniques. Relationships observed on the basis of a priori knowledge of the area and the available statistics are compared and these relationships in the field and through interviews with farmers are correlated. This allows three land‐use analysis objectives to be formulated: crop management improvement; crop selection; and conservation. The results can be used to focus the efforts of planning and extension services in the area. The method was tested using a participatory rural appraisal in eighteen villages in which the areas for the three land‐use analysis objectives were identified. The findings are that the areas identified for crop management improvement require knowledge about management practices for a specific crop to optimize yield and water use. Most areas identified for crop selection are occupied by smallholder subsistence farmers with insufficient water for irrigation, and a lack of contact with the extension service. In these areas, identifying suitable crops to minimize risk and allow subsistence for the resource‐poor farmers may be the priority. In areas identified for conservation the question to be addressed is whether to grow a crop at all, or to encourage alternative activities. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graft Polymerization of Methacrylamide onto Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers with Benzoyl Peroxide as Initiator and their Characterization
Authors: Ongun Nalan , Karakışla Meral , Aksu Levent , Saçak Mehmet 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSummary: The effects of polymerization temperature and time, initiator and monomer concentrations, ratio of water and solvent employed on the grafting of methacrylamide onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers by the use of benzoyl peroxide initiator were studied. The graft yield was observed to increase with temperature and monomer concentration. The highest graft yield was obtained with an initiator concentration of 1 × 10−2 mol/L. The rate of grafting was proportional to the power 0.48 and 1.6 of the methacrylamide and benzoyl peroxide concentrations, respectively. The overall activation energy for grafting calculated was 42.8 kcal/mol. The thermogravimetric data revealed that the thermal stability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers decreased with grafting.SEM micrographs of ungrafted PET fiber (a) and 44.9% MAAm‐grafted fiber (b).magnified imageSEM micrographs of ungrafted PET fiber (a) and 44.9% MAAm‐grafted fiber (b).
Synthesis of Telechelic Oligomers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, 3
Authors: Otazaghine Belkacem , Boutevin Bernard 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSummary: ATRP of butyl α‐fluoroacrylate (FABu) was carried out at 90 °C using methyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (2‐MBiB) as initiator and the homogeneous catalyst CuBr/1,1,4,7,10,10‐hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA). Telechelic oligomers were obtained by coupling the bromo terminated polymers in the presence of Cu(0) and 2,2′‐bipyridyl ligand. The 1H and 19F NMR, SEC and MALDI TOF analyses show that the poly(FABu) chains recombination was the main reaction (80% yield). About 20% of disproportionation reaction also occurs in the process, whereas transfer reactions can be neglected.Compounds produced by recombination, disproportionation and transfer during the coupling reaction of poly(FABu) oligomers.magnified imageCompounds produced by recombination, disproportionation and transfer during the coupling reaction of poly(FABu) oligomers.
Synthesis of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) with a Narrower Polydispersity
Authors: Miyakoshi Ryo , Yokoyama Akihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSummary: The polymerization of 2‐bromo‐3‐hexyl‐5‐iodothiophene (1) with isopropylmagnesium chloride and Ni(dppp)Cl2 was quenched with 5 M hydrochloric acid instead of water to yield head‐to‐tail poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (HT‐P3HT) with a very low polydispersity. The $\overline M _{\rm n}$ of the polymer was controlled by the feed ratio of 1 to Ni(dppp)Cl2. Quenching with 5 M hydrochloric acid seemed to promote protonolysis of HT‐P3HT‐Ni complexes before the coupling reaction between HT‐P3HT.GPC profiles of HT‐P3HT obtained after quenching with water and 5 M hydrochloric acid, respectively.imageGPC profiles of HT‐P3HT obtained after quenching with water and 5 M hydrochloric acid, respectively.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 18/2004
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Toyota Akinori 
Published: September 2004

Cover: The cover picture summarizes the copolymerization mechanism of ethylene and 1,7‐octadiene (OD) with a constrained‐geometry catalyst 1. The inserted OD unit formed unexpected 1,5‐cyclononane units as well as 1,3‐cycloheptane units in the main chain of polyethylene. This characteristic cyclononane cyclic unit would be derived from a unique OD cyclization insertion mode: cyclization insertion of the OD unit in the penultimate position after a single ethylene insertion step.Further details can be found in the Communication by N. Naga* and A. Toyota on page 1623.
Tremor as the first neurological manifestation of Sneddon's syndrome
Authors: Martins Da Silva A. , Rocha N. , Pinto M. , Alves V. , Farinha F. , Correia A.P. , Coelho T. , Magalhães M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on a 54‐year‐old woman with Sneddon's syndrome manifested by livedo reticularis, fetal losses, hypertension, and high antinuclear antibody titres. At the age of 42 years she developed tremor of the trunk, limbs, and head only in the standing position that interfered with walking, followed some years later by cognitive decline and a parkinsonian syndrome. T2‐weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal in cortical areas, basal ganglia, midbrain, and cerebellum. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Atypical parkinsonism combining α‐synuclein inclusions and polyglucosan body disease
Authors: Krim Elsa , Vital Anne , Macia Frederic , Yekhlef Farid , Tison François 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAdult polyglucosan body disease (APGBD) is a rare disorder affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems and in which parkinsonism is unusual. A 71‐year‐old man presented levodopa‐unresponsive parkinsonism with urinary incontinence and recurrent syncopes of 6 years standing masquerading as atypical parkinsonism of the multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) type. Brain histopathology demonstrated massive accumulation of polyglucosan bodies particularly in the putamen. In addition, there were dense α‐synuclein–positive cytoplasmic oligodendroglial inclusions in the pons and in the middle cerebellar peduncle. These inclusions may be either due to the chance association of MSA‐P with APGBD, or pathologically related to APGBD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Multiple system atrophy with macrosquare‐wave jerks
Authors: Klotz Luisa , Klockgether Thomas 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMacrosquare‐wave jerks consist of high‐amplitude saccadic intrusions occurring mainly during fixation that are observed in several disease entities, e.g., multiple sclerosis or parkinsonian syndromes, but very rarely in patients with multiple system atrophy. We present here a patient with multiple system atrophy exhibiting the oculomotor feature of macrosquare‐wave jerks. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Grip force behavior in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Authors: Nowak Dennis A. , Rothwell John , Topka Helge , Robertson Mary M. , Orth Michael 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe analyzed predictive and reactive grip force behavior in 15 patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and 15 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control subjects. Nine patients were without medication; six patients were on medication. In a first experiment, participants lifted and held instrumented objects of different weight. In a second experiment, participants performed vertical point‐to‐point and continuous arm movements at different frequencies with a hand‐held object. In a third experiment, preparatory and reactive grip force responses to sudden load perturbations were analyzed when a weight was dropped into a hand‐held cup either by the subject or unexpectedly by the experimenter. Compared to the healthy subjects, GTS patients had increased grip forces relative to the load force in all tasks. Despite this finding, they adjusted the grip force to changes in load force (due to either a change in the mass lifted or accelerating the mass during continuous movements) in the same way as healthy subjects. The temporal coupling between grip and load force profiles was also similar in patients and healthy controls, and they displayed normal anticipation of impact forces when they dropped a weight into a hand‐held cup. We found no significant effect of medication on the performance of GTS patients, regardless of the task performed. These results are consistent with deficient sensory–motor processing in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society