bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Control of Potato Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) Using Selected Plant Extracts
Authors: Mutimawurugo Marie Chantal , Ogweno Joshua Otieno , Wagara Nyokabi Isabel , Muhinyuza Jean Baptiste , Habimana Sylvestre , Mukamuhirwa Alphonsine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study evaluated the effect of methanol and water extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.), and garlic (Allium sativum L.) at 50 mg·mL−1 applied at different frequencies (weekly, biweekly, and monthly) on the control of potato bacterial wilt under field conditions (two growing seasons in 2021). Weekly and biweekly application of methanol extracts from tobacco and wild marigold showed higher efficacy of biological control of the pathogen (58% and 57%) on aerial parts of potato plants than monthly application (48%). In potato tubers, weekly and biweekly application of methanol extracts caused higher biological control efficacy (75.92% and 67.39%) than monthly application (52.49%). Weekly and biweekly application of methanol extracts of tobacco and wild marigold also reduced postharvest infection and postharvest yield losses caused by potato bacterial wilt during the storage period, among other treatments. These experiments conclude that weekly or biweekly application of methanol extract from tobacco and wild marigold at 50 mg·mL−1 is a practical approach to control potato bacterial wilt in the field and storage.
The need for wildlife research and improved management of protected areas in the face of increased nature-based tourism
Authors: Wójcicki Adam , Świtlik Weronika , Dobrowolska Dorota 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nature-based tourist destinations attract millions of visitors every year. In 2020, this trend was interrupted by the emergence of the COVID-19 disease and the introduction of global travel restrictions, which significantly reduced the number of tourists. However, with the lifting of these restrictions, the number of visitors to natural areas is increasing even faster. Many of these destinations are national parks and are poorly prepared for rapidly growing attendance, making the impact of human presence on wildlife in protected areas a concern. The main impacts of nature-based tourism on protected areas are: negative impacts on wildlife behaviour by increasing stress levels and spreading diseases and invasive species. There is a risk that nature-based tourism will cause even more damage to nature in the near future, as tourists’ knowledge of ecology and nature conservation is still insufficient, visitor numbers are increasing dynamically and the adaptation and management of protected areas is still inadequate. The most urgent research directions related to nature-based tourism are: large carnivores, ungulates, birds, amphibians and reptiles. Solutions for the management of protected areas should include: e.g. the establishment of educational centres, the provision of additional attractions, the temporary exclusion of certain parts of national parks and the reconstruction of tourism infrastructure in protected areas.
Characterization of ETHNOSTEAM: Regarding the concept from the Huellas de Calloto Indigenous Reserve Perspective
Authors: Mamian Luz Ayda Muñoz , Velázquez Osvaldo Jesús Rojas , Suarez David Enrique Uribe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the context of the indigenous communities of Cauca, Colombia, the importance of promoting pedagogical approaches that value and respect culture and traditional practices has been recognized by policymakers. In this respect, the integration of various key concepts is considered to be essential, namely sustainability, science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics in indigenous cultures (ETHNOSTEAM). Through observation and interviews with elders of the community of the Huellas de Caloto reserve, the terms science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics from the ethno perspective are analyzed in the elaboration of some artifacts. The ETHNOSTEAM approach arises from the motivation to promote the learning of STEAM subjects through the integration of the culture of differentiated minority. This implies integrating traditional knowledge related to cosmovision, nature, architecture, and other areas, as a potentially useful starting point to teach in the classroom in a contextualized manner. The article presents, develops, and characterizes the notion of ETHNOSTEAM as a nascent pedagogical proposal. The goal is to explore how the integration of culture and STEAM approaches in indigenous communities can enhance mathematical thinking, teaching, and learning of mathematics and other sciences in problem solving, especially in diverse cultural contexts, such as the indigenous communities of Cauca, Colombia. The article addresses the way in which science, technology, art, and mathematics are made visible in indigenous practices.
Quality improvement of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ‘Optima’ with amino acid-enriched leaf fertilizer
Authors: Mira Puspita  , Rudi Hari Murti  , Haviah Hafidhotul Ilmiah  , Purwanto Benito Heru 
Published: December 2023

Tomato quality is influenced by fertilization and matutity level. This study aimed to determine the best dosage of amino acid-enriched leaf fertilizer (Amiboost) and to determine the best nutritional content at several ripeness levels of ‘Optima’ tomatoes. Amiboost is an inorganic foliar fertilizer that is rich in amino acids that can be easily absorbed by plants. The experiment used a factorial (RCBD) with 3 repetitions. The ‘Optima’ tomatoes were grown at Wonosobo and fertilized with 4 levels of Amiboost fertilizer consisting of 0, 1, 2, 4 L ha-1 amino acid fertilizer, and 2 L ha-1 comparison fertilizer (standard fertilizer). The research was conducted at the Horticulture Sub-Laboratory, UGM at 27 °C with a relative humidity of 75%. The tomato quality observed was CO2 concentrations, visual quality rating (VQR), fruit weight percentage, fruit hardness, fruit color, total soluble solids, total titrated acid, vitamin C, carotenoids, lycopene, and flavonoids. The observation was terminated when the score of VQR reached 1 as the shelf life of tomatoes. The best dose of amino acid-enriched leaf fertilizer (Amiboost) is 2 L ha-1 for the lightness (*L) of fruit color, ascorbic acid, and lycopene. The maturity stage of fruit significantly affected vitamin C, flavonoids, total soluble solids, carotenoids, and lycopene.
Keywords: Aminoalkanoic; shelf life; leaf fertilizer; tomato quality
Water Balance, Climate Classification and Empirical Distribution of the Probability of Rain for the Region of Tangará da Serra – MT
Authors: De Queiroz Tadeu Miranda , Rodrigues Luana Nunes , De Matos Rigoberto Moreira , Xavier Clesiane Garcia 
Published: December 2023

Objective: The present work aimed to describe the Climatological Water Balance (BHC), carry out the Climate Classification (CC) and evaluate the Empirical Probability (EP) of rainfall occurrence for the region of Tangará da Serra – MT.

Theoretical Frame: This study used the following main citations as a theoretical basis: National Water Agency (ANA) and National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), source of climate data; Thornthwaite & Mather (1955) for the climatological water balance methodology; Thornthwaite (1948) and Koppen (1900) for climate classification; and Thom (1966) for the methodology of probability of occurrence and return period of rain.

Method: To carry out the study, a series of 31 years of climate data was used, covering the period from 1989 to 2019, obtained from the National Water Agency (ANA) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Filling gaps in the data was carried out using the Regional Weighting method, according to the methodology of Mello et al. (2017). The climatological water balance was estimated according to Thornthwaite & Mather (1955). The climate classification was obtained using the methodologies of Thornthwaite (1948) and Koppen (1900). The probability of occurrence and the period of return of rain were achieved using the methods of Thom (1966).

Results and Conclusions: Through studies carried out, it was found that the average annual precipitation in Tangará is 1603 mm and the average annual air temperature is 24.5 °C. The months of May, June, July, August and September present a water deficit, while in the months of December, January, February, March and April there is a water surplus. According to Thornthwaite's methodology, the region has a humid climate, with moderate water deficiency in winter, megathermal and with potential evapotranspiration in the summer less than 48% of the annual potential evapotranspiration, whereas according to Koppen's methodology, the location was classified as megathermal or tropical with drought in the winter. The probability of rainfall less than the maximum average of 47.7 mm is 93.3% and its return time is approximately 15 years.

Implications of the research: This research is classified as of great importance for the purposes of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the State University of Mato Grosso, Campus of Nova Mutum and Tangará da Serra - MT, as well as for the entire academic and scientific community and interested rural producers. in climatic data, water balance and climate of the studied region.

Originality and value: This study aimed to show the academic and scientific community and rural producers the behavior of climatic variables throughout the year in the municipality of Tangará da Serra – MT, where this information can be used for agricultural planning in the region and also serve as a basis for future studies.
Methods and Techniques for More Participatory and Emancipatory Management: A Systematic Review of Possibilities
Authors: Do Carmo Gisleine , Pereira José Roberto , Rezende Vânia Aparecida 
Published: December 2023

Research objective: The objective of this article is to identify and describe methods and techniques that can contribute to more participatory and emancipatory management.

Theoretical framework: According to Fadul and Afonso (2018), participatory methodologies have an emancipatory potential, from the moment they strengthen the capacity of subjects to assist in decision-making that permeates their social spaces. They contribute to the process of listening to the needs of individuals, promoting actions to promote and defend rights.

Method: A literature search was carried out to map participatory methodologies, using a systematic review approach, to better outline the search and selection of studies. The systematic review uses explicit and rigorous methods for reviewing work and synthesizing knowledge, based on prior planning and protocols.

Results and discussion: The review employed identified several participatory methodologies, at an international level, which can be subdivided into methods and techniques. The method has a more comprehensive and complete character, and encompasses a set of specific operational procedures (techniques). They have greater flexibility and can compose and adapt to different methods. For example, the “photo-identification” and “enter and exit” techniques aim to understand how communities organize themselves and can form part of the Participatory Rapid Diagnosis (DRP) method.

Theoretical contributions: The repertoire of methodologies presented theoretically enriches the understanding of participatory management and offers a basis for the effective application of these options in practice, which highlights the growing relevance of a more collaborative and inclusive approach. Although aimed at different contexts, the methodologies express common characteristics, such as the formation of interdisciplinary teams to guide work, constant discussions, common objectives, sense of responsibility, promotion of autonomy. These are characteristics that come close to the core of social management.

Originality: Based on a systematic review, this article will address scientific production on participatory methodologies, at an international level, based on results found in various databases.
Sisters-in-Waiting: A Case Study of Displaced Syrian Women Fostering New Senses and Memories of Home in Lebanon
Authors: Ouaali Ibtissam , Miedema Esther 
Published: December 2023

Building on variously located Syrian women’s accounts of their day-to-day lives in Lebanon, this article illuminates meaning-making processes in protracted displacement, defined by the UNHCR (2004, p. 1) as a “long-lasting and intractable state of limbo.” We draw on the metaphor of a “constellation of homes” (Brun & Fábos, 2015) to explore various homemaking practices and the interconnected temporal and multi-sensorial dimensions thereof. In so doing, we counter narratives of displaced women as a homogenous collective and problematic assumptions of stasis and passivity associated with protracted displacement. Particular attention is paid to women’s narratives regarding “purposeful work” and, crucially, female friendship, which we argue can be understood as additional nodes in the constellation of homes. We argue that further and different forms of research are required to do justice to the multi-sensorial dimensions of homemaking and the novel concept of “sisters-in-waiting” in the lives of women in protracted displacement.
Characterizations of Cr3+- doped SnO2 Powders Via a Hydrolysis Method
Authors: Loan Trinh Thi , Hoang Huong Vu 
Published: December 2023

In this work, the effect of annealing temperature and Cr3+ concentration on the structural and optical properties of the SnO2 host crystals has been investigated. The Cr-doped SnO2 samples were synthesized by a simple hydrolysis method, using SnCl4.5H2O as the host precursor and CrCl3.6H2O as the source of dopant. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectra analysis revealed a tetragonal rutile structure of Cr3+-doped SnO2 samples. The Cr3+ concentration and annealing temperature have no influence on the lattice parameters of the SnO2 crystals, whereas affected the appearance and intensity of the Raman modes. The optical properties of the synthesized samples were explored by photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) analysis. Interestingly, besides the emission peaks related to the SnO2, emission transitions within Cr3+ ions in the octahedral field of SnO2 were observed.
INFLUENCE OF DOPING Zn ON H2 SENSING CHARACTERISTICS OF NICKEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Nguyet Dao Thi Thuy , Duong Nguyen Phuc , Ngoc Anh Luong 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the synthesized and testing of H2 gas sensors using nickel zinc ferrite NiFe2O4 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was shown here. The nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation combine annealed. Characterization of synthesized powders was made using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Nano powder resulting from milling was used to prepare gas sensing elements in pellet form. The gas-sensing properties were studied in presence of hydrogen as test gases. The gas response was found to be strongly influenced by the substitute concentration of Zn. A significant high sensitivity of ~ 90% was found for Zn = 0.5 in presence of 500 ppm H2 at an operating temperature of 250 °C.
سياسة الدولة العثمانية تجاه الإمارات الكردية في كردستان (1514-1851م)
Authors: حسن ملوك فائزة 
Published: December 2023

كان دخول كردستان تحت السيطرة العثمانية عام 1514م بعد معركة جالديران بداية للعلاقات السياسية بين الكرد والعثمانيين بتوقيع اتفاق السلطان العثماني سليم الأول (1512-1520م) في تلك السنة مع قادة الإمارات الكردية على الوقوف إلى جانب الدولة العثمانية في حروبها على أن تعترف الأخيرة باستقلالية الإمارات الكردية. ومنذ هذه اللحظة أصبح هناك منعطفًا كبيرًا في تاريخ العلاقات العثمانية – الكردية إذ أصبحت معظم المناطق الكردية تابعة للدولة العثمانية، ونتيجة لمشاركة الكرد العثمانيين في حروبهم ضد جيرانهم الصفويين لا سيما بعد المعركة السابقة فقد أقر السلاطين العثمانيون بشرعية وسلطة الأمراء الكرد في إماراتهم الوراثية وسمحت الدولة العثمانية بتشكيل عديد من الإمارات الكردية، وصل عددها إلى ثلاثين إمارة رئيسة مثل إمارات بهدينان، وسوران، وبوتان، وبابان بعد توقيع الدولة العثمانية مع تلك الإمارات اتفاقية صداقة وتحالف عام 1515م. لكن لم تلتزم الدولة العثمانية بالاتفاقيتين السابقتين لتحقيق عدة منافع لها على حساب إضعاف الكيانات السياسية في كردستان بإشعال النزاعات والمشكلات بين الإمارات والزعامات الكردية ما عرف باسم سياسة فرق تسد والتدخل العثماني في شؤونهم، وتحقيق مكاسب مالية من قِبَل الأمراء الكرد الطامعين في الحصول على منصب الإمارة فضلاً عن المغالاة في فرض الضرائب وانتشار عمليات السلب والنهب بالإمارات الكردية مما أدى إلى ظهور عدة انتفاضات كردية احتجاجًا على تلك السياسة والدفاع عن حقوقهم، ومع حلول القرن التاسع عشر استهدفت السياسة العثمانية إعادة السيطرة المركزية على كردستان لتحقيق هدفها الأكبر وهو سقوط الإمارات الكردية القائمة منذ عدة قرون.
وما تبع ذلك من قيام عدة انتفاضات كردية وقد تم ذلك على فترات متقاربة خلال القرن التاسع عشر حتى سقوط آخر إمارة بها عام 1851م.
ولم تكتف بذلك بل عمدت إلى إبعاد الأمراء الكرد وعائلاتهم إلى مناطق بعيدة عن كردستان لمنعهم من القيام بأية ثورات في المستقبل.
من هنا جاء مشكلة البحث مركزة على النقاط التالية:

كيف تمكنت الدولة العثمانية من فرض سيطرتها على كردستان؟
كيف تمت عثمنة كردستان سياسيًا وإداريًا؟
ما هي طبيعة السياسة العثمانية تجاه الأمراء الكرد؟
ما هي الأسباب التي دفعت الدولة العثمانية إلى نقض اتفاقية الصداقة والتحالف مع الإمارات الكردية؟
إلى أي مدى وصلت السياسة التعسفية تجاه الإمارات الكردية؟
ما هو ردود فعل الأمراء الكرد تجاه السياسة العثمانية التعسفية؟
كيف واجهت السلطات العثمانية الانتفاضات الكردية؟
إلى أي مدى نجحت الدولة العثمانية في فرض السلطة المركزية على كردستان؟ وما أثره على حكم الإمارات؟
لماذا لجأت الدولة العثمانية إلى سقوط الإمارات الكردية؟
كيف تصدت الدولة العثمانية إلى الانتفاضات الكردية جراء محاولة سقوط الإمارات الكردية؟

إلى أي مدى وصلت الأوضاع السياسية والإدارية لكردستان عقب سقوط إماراتها؟
Kesalahan Penalaran Berbahasa Indonesia sebagai Bahasa Ketiga Penutur Venezuela
Authors: Ardiansyah Roely , Harjanti Fransisca Dwi 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini mengaji kesalahan penalaran berbahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa penutur Venezwela. Objek penelitian ini berupa bahasa Indonesia sebagai B-3. Tujuan penelitian ini membahas 1) generalisasi yang terluas, 2) kerancuan analogi, 3) kekeliruan kausalitas, dan 4) kesalahan relevansi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan data penelitian ini berupa kalimat dalam paragraf. Sumber data penelitian, yakni tiga penutur Venezwela. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, 1) penutur sering melakukan salah nalar generalisasi terlalu luas karena dalam mengungkapkan gagasan berupa data-data yang disajikan kurang lengkap dan masih terlalu umum; 2) salah nalar kerancuan analogi terjadi bila penutur menganalogikan sesuatu dengan yang lain dengan anggapan persamaan satu dari beberapa segi akan memberikan kepastian persamaan pada segi yang lain; 3) salah nalar kekeliruan kausalitas terjadi, karena penutur salah dalam menentukan sebab-akibat dari suatu peristiwa atau hasil dari suatu kejadian; dan 4) salah nalar kesalahan relevansi terjadi, karena struktur bahasa Spanyol berbeda dengan struktur bahasa Indonesia. Perbedaan struktur bahasa itu menjadi kendala bagi penutur menyampaikan gagasan dalam tulisannya.
Tindak Tutur pada Interaksi Penjual dan Pembeli di Warung Tradisional Desa Penglipuran
Authors: Anak Agung Ayu Dian Andriyani  , Ida Ayu Putri Gita Ardiantari  
Published: December 2023

Interaksi penjual dan pembeli di warung tradisional yang menjual souvenir dan kuliner Desa Penglipuran merupakan suatu fenomena kebahasaan, terjadi hampir setiap hari ketika wisatawan berkunjung ke desa ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur antara penjual dengan pembeli ketika interaksi terjadi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara merekam, menyimak dan mencatat berbagai interaksi yang terjadi di warung tradisional. Data primer adalah dialog antara penjual terhadap wisatawan dominan yaitu, wisatawan lokal, dilakukan di 20 warung tradisional yang berada di Desa Penglipuran kabupaten Bangli dengan dasar pertimbangan warung tersebut memiliki intensitas kunjungan tinggi. Metode analisis padan pragmatik menjadi pendekatan dalam mengklasifikasikan data yang alat penentunya adalah mitra tutur. Hasil analisis dideskripsikan menggunakan kata-kata biasa agar tidak terkesan kaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak tutur yang muncul adalah tindak tutur lokusi merujuk pada tuturan yang tidak mengandung makna tersirat dengan kalimat deklaratif, kalimat interogatif sedangkan tindak tutur ilokusi mengandung makna mengajak, memerintah, menyuruh dan meminta menggunakan kalimat interogatif, kalimat perintah, kalimat persuasif sedangkan tindak perlokusi memiliki daya tuturan yang mempengaruhi pembeli untuk melakukan sesuatu dominan menggunakan kalimat deklaratif, interogatif serta kalimat direktif. Pilihan tindak tutur yang tepat dengan konteks situasi yang sesuai memberikan dampak positif pada kenyamanan pengunjung, sehingga menjadikan desa wisata ini banyak dikunjungi wisatawan, selain keindahan serta kebersihan Desa yang sangat menarik.
Hotel Costing vs. Accounting Costing System
Authors: Murcia Andrés Paredes , Rozo Marcia Fernanda Vergara , Forero Jorge Alexander Mora 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This study contrasts the costing process applied in four-star hotels in Bogota with the traditional costing systems identified and used in academic training processes.

Theoretical Framework: From the different definitions of cost, reference is always made to the necessary capital expenditures in the company, directly associated with the product or good that is produced, which must be easily identifiable and must also be recoverable at the time of sale of a product.At this point it is important to clarify that the term “cost” is understood as a measure of the consumption of resources related to the demand of the work and activities to be performed, while “expense” is a measure of consumption related to the capacity provided to perform the work, activity and/or process (Mejía & Salazar, 2015, p. 51). In a similar context, Rodriguez (2008) refers to expenditure as the cash outflow within a hotel related to sales and administration departments, and supports the relationship of the cost for manufacturing the product.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The focus of the research process was mixed, given the combination of quantitative data collected, as well as the analysis of opinions, facts and contrasts obtained in the process of collecting information that constitute qualitative notes on the latest experiences lived by the group of experts in the development of their functions within the hotels. The variables shown in Figure 3 were present in this information gathering and evaluation process.

Findings: Within the results presented, a costing system is differentiated from a costing process showing the relevant variables necessary to be called a “system”.

Research, Practical & Social Implications: The pandemic generated by Covid-19 was a limiting factor for reaching this group of hotels and caused the closure of establishments and the cessation of operations in most of the lodging companies. The research group mitigated this fact by convening a group of 17 people to a focus group, as experts, validating them through their work experience since they have held positions in hotels as accountants, cost managers and controllers.

Originality/Value: A sample of 43.3% of the four-star hotels in the city of Bogotá D.C. was used, where instruments were applied to present the results that were analyzed with context analysis matrices.