bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation analysis of the ATRgene in breast and ovarian cancer families
Authors: Heikkinen Katri , Mansikka Virpi , Karppinen Sanna-Maria , Rapakko Katrin , Winqvist Robert 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, TP53, CHK2 and PTEN account for only 20–30% of the familial aggregation of breast cancer, which suggests the involvement of additional susceptibility genes. The ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia- and Rad3-related) kinase is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. It functions both in parallel and cooperatively with ATM, but whereas ATM is primarily activated by DNA double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation, ATR has been shown to respond to a much broader range of DNA damage. Upon activation, ATR phosphorylates several important tumor suppressors, including p53, BRCA1 and CHK1. Based on its central function in the DNA damage response, ATR is a plausible candidate gene for susceptibility to cancer.

Methods
We screened the entire coding region of the ATR gene for mutations in affected index cases from 126 Finnish families with breast and/or ovarian cancer, 75 of which were classified as high-risk and 51 as moderate-risk families, by using conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.

Results
A large number of novel sequence variants were identified, four of which – Glu254Gly, Ser1142Gly, IVS24-48G>A and IVS26+15C>T – were absent from the tested control individuals (n = 300). However, the segregation of these mutations with the cancer phenotype could not be confirmed, partly because of the lack of suitable DNA samples.

Conclusion
The present study does not support a major role for ATR mutations in hereditary susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer.
Investigation of the Properties of Polyoxyethylene (10) Lauryl Ether: C12E10 in Aquo-n-Alcohol Mediums
Authors: Sharma Kshatrapati Shivaji , Rakshit Animesh Kumar 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The effect of the concentration and the nature of different n-alcohols (C2–C5) on the growth of C12E10 [CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)10OH] micelles has been studied by tensiometric, viscometric, and proton NMR techniques. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were determined by surface-tension measurements in the presence of different concentrations of n-alcohols (C2–C4) and at different temperatures. The Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of micellization ( , , ) and adsorption at an air/water interface ( , , ) were computed and discussed. An enthalpy–entropy compensation effect was observed at an isostructural temperature of about 300 K for both micellization and interfacial adsorption. The transfer enthalpies and heat capacities of the micelle from water to aqueous n-alcohol solutions were also computed. The intrinsic viscosity gave the hydrated micellar volume (Vh), volume of the hydrocarbon core (Vc), and the volume of the palisade layer of the OE unit (VOE). The spin–lattice proton relaxation time (T1) in the aqueous micellar region and 1H NMR were also used to study the behavior of OE micelles in both the absence and presence of alcohols. There was a slight rise in the cloud point (CP) when using lower alcohols. However a decrease was seen for n-BuOH and n-PenOH.
Theoretical Study on the Transformation of Bis(acetylene)cobalt to Cobaltacyclopentadiene and the Regioselectivity in this Transformation
Authors: Dahy AbdelRahman A , Koga Nobuaki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The transformation of bis(acetylene)cobalt complex to cobaltacyclopentadiene complex was studied using a hybrid density functional theory method. B3LYP calculations showed that the reaction of an unsubstituted system, bis(η2-acetylene)cobalt complex, on a singlet potential energy surface is an easy reaction with a small activation energy of 11.2 kcal/mol and an exothermicity of −19.2 kcal/mol. The low activation barrier was as expected for a symmetry-allowed reaction. Because the product of cobaltacyclopentadiene has a low-lying unoccupied orbital, the two Co–Cα bonds are different in distance due to the second-order Jahn–Teller effect, and the triplet cobaltacyclopentadiene is more stable than the singlet cobaltacyclopentadiene, different from the reactant and transition state. In addition, we performed calculations for the reactions of acetylenes substituted by methyl and/or methoxycarbonyl groups, in order to investigate the factors that control the regioselectivity observed in this type of reaction. The calculations for the mono- and disubstituted reactions showed that these substituents prefer α-carbon to β-carbon. We analyzed the origin of this regioselectivity based on the relative stability of the products, to find that it is closely related to the site preference in the substituted butadienes. This suggests that the site preference of substituents is an important factor of regioselectivity.
High Magnetic Field Effects on Biradical Lifetimes: Evaluation of Magnetic Field Dependence and Chain Length Dependence Using Calculated g and Hyperfine Tensors
Authors: Mouri Yutaka , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Aoki Takeshi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Naka Kazunari , Aoki Yuriko , Yonemura Hiroaki , Yamada Sunao , Haino Takeharu , Fukazawa Yoshimasa , Tanimoto Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The g and hyperfine tensors of radicals were theoretically estimated by quantum chemical calculations, and compared with experimentally obtained ones. From the comparison, it was found that the theoretically calculated tensors can reproduce the experimental ones with accuracy. By using those tensors, therefore, high magnetic field dependences of the lifetimes of biradicals, which were generated by a photo-induced electron transfer in α-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of chain-linked molecules of phenothiazine–(CH2)n–viologen (PhnV2+, n = 12, 10, and 8) and carbazole–(CH2)12–viologen (Cz12V2+), were quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the relaxation mechanism of the generated bi-cationic biradicals (Ph•+nV•+ and Cz•+12V•+). The analysis conclusively showed that two extremely small correlation times of each radical motion were still necessary for reversals characteristic of the high magnetic field dependences, and also that the order of the obtained correlation time was Cz•+ &gt; V•+ &gt; Ph•+. The order in the correlation time was discussed while referring to the rigidity of the radical frameworks.
Facile Reductive Coupling Reaction of Bis(ruthenocenylethynyl)titanocene Complexes via Visible Light-Activation of the Ruthenocenyl Terminal
Authors: Hayashi Yukiko , Kobayashi Kimiko , Hashizume Daisuke , Osawa Masahisa , Wakatsuki Yasuo 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The irradiation of (η5-C5H4R)2Ti(C≡CRc)2 (R = Me, SiMe3 (= TMS); Rc = ruthenocenyl) at the band assignable to CT from Rc to Ti in the presence of equimolar amounts of RcC≡CH and MeO2CC≡CCO2Me smoothly gave titanacyclic complexes (η5-C5H4R)2Ti{–C(Rc)=C(C≡CRc)–CH=C(Rc)–} and (η5-C5H4TMS)2Ti{–C(C≡CRc)=C(Rc)–C(OMe)(C≡CCO2Me)–O–}, respectively, two of which were structurally characterized. The formation of these complexes has been explained by the extremely easy reductive coupling in (η5-C5H4R)2Ti(C≡CRc)2, brought about by photo-excitation at the Rc group, followed by metallacycle formation that involves the resulting diyne unit and the externally added alkynes.
Differential Pulse Voltammetry Determination of l-Cysteine with Ferrocene-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Raoof Jahan Bakhsh , Ojani Reza , Kolbadinezhad Mansoure 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The preparation of ferrocene-modified carbon paste electrode by incorporation of a mediator into a graphite powder–paraffin oil matrix is described. The suitability of this chemically modified electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation of l-cysteine was studied in buffered solution by cyclic voltammetry and double potential step chronoamperometry. It has been found that, under optimum conditions (pH = 7.00), the oxidation of l-cysteine at the surface of such an electrode occurs at a potential about 500 mV less positive than on an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient α and catalytic reaction rate constant K′h were determined using various electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of l-cysteine at the surface of this modified electrode was used for determination of l-cysteine by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Linear analytical curves were obtained in the ranges of 10−5 M (= mol dm−3) – 10−3 M and 8.9 × 10−6 M – 2 × 10−4 M of l-cysteine concentration with CV and DPV methods, respectively. The detection limits were determined as 6.5 × 10−6 M and 4.7 × 10−6 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was also examined for determination of l-cysteine in samples, such as Soya protein powder, serum and plasma of human blood, using recovery and standard addition methods.
μ-Hydroxo-μ-phenolato Dinuclear Zinc(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes Derived from Dinucleating Compartmental Ligands of “End-off” Type: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Matsufuji Kanako , Shiraishi Hitomi , Miyasato Yuji , Shiga Takuya , Ohba Masaaki , Yokoyama Takushi , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Some dinucleating compartmental ligands of “end-off” type, 2,6-bis{N-[(2-dimethylamino)ethyl]iminomethyl}-4-methylphenol (HL1), 2,6-bis{N-(2-pyridylethyl)iminomethyl}-4-methylphenol (HL2), and 2,6-bis{N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl}-4-methylphenol (HL3), have afforded the following dinuclear Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes: [Zn2(L1)(OH)(py)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Zn2(L2)(OH)(py)3](ClO4)2 (2), [Zn2(L3)(OH)](ClO4)2 (3), [Ni2(L1)(OH)(py)2](ClO4)2 (4), and [Ni2(L2)(OH)(py)4](ClO4)2 (5). X-ray crystallographic studies for 1·Pr2OH, 2·0.5Pr2OH, 3·MeCN, 4·py, and 5 indicate that they have a dinuclear core doubly bridged by the endogenous phenolic oxygen of each compartmental ligand and by exogenous hydroxide oxygen. Physicochemical properties of 1–5 are studied.
Molecular Arrangement in the Cocrystals of 1,1′,3,3′-Tetramethyl-2,2′-bi-1H-imidazolium Bis(tetraphenylborate) with Ketone, Aldehyde, and Nitrile as Guest Molecules
Authors: Ono Katsuhiko , Iwao Takeshi , Uchiumi Hideki , Suzuki Takahisa , Tomura Masaaki , Ohkita Masakazu , Saito Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
1,1′,3,3′-Tetramethyl-2,2′-bi-1H-imidazolium bis(tetraphenylborate), an ion-association compound, afforded inclusion crystals with a variety of guest molecules, such as ketone, aldehyde, and nitrile. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed intermolecular interactions between the biimidazolium dication and the guest molecules in the inclusion crystals. Their contact modes depended on the molecular structures of the guest molecules, resulting in various molecular arrangements.
Structure and Chiral Recognition Ability of endo-3-Benzamidonorborn-5-ene-2-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Hirose Takuji , Shitara Hiroaki , Goto Midori , Nohira Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The absolute configuration of endo-3-benzamidonorborn-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid was determined by X-ray single crystal analysis of the diastereomeric salt with cis-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexylmethanol. It was demonstrated that the CH–π interaction between the vinylic hydrogen atom of the acid and the aromatic ring of the amine worked as an additional interaction for the stabilization of the structure formed by the hydrogen bond network. The chiral recognition ability was studied using a 1H NMR titration technique and the intermolecular interactions were discussed based on the results of its saturated counterpart, endo-3-benzamidonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid.
A Computational Study of Lithium Dialkylamide Mixed Aggregates with Lithium Chloride
Authors: Pratt Lawrence M 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Lithium dialkylamides form several mixed aggregates with lithium chloride in ethereal solvents. The relative amounts of mixed dimer, trimer, and tetramer are dependent on the steric strain of the lithium dialkylamide homodimer and on solvent effects. Microsolvation with coordinating THF ligands generated results in qualitative agreement with available experimental data.
Catalysis by Calcined Zn2+/Al3+ Layered Double Hydroxides in Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Benzene with Benzyl Chloride
Authors: Shimada Hiroshi , Ogoshi Tomokazu 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Amorphous oxides formed upon the calcination of Zn2Al layered double hydroxide chloride or carbonate intercalates showed high catalytic efficiency in the benzylation of benzene with benzyl chloride. The IR spectra of pyridine adsorbed on amorphous oxides suggest that the benzylation activity is due to the formation of zinc chloride on the surface.
Antagonist of fractalkine (CX3CL1) delays the initiation and ameliorates the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Inoue Atsushi , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Kohno Masashi , Ito Mitsuko R. , Terada Miho , Imai Toshio , Yoshie Osamu , Nose Masato , Fujita Shigeru 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveLupus nephritis is characterized by immune complex deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration into the renal glomeruli. Local generation of chemokines and the presence of chemokine receptors on the infiltrating cells may be involved in this process. Fractalkine (Fkn)/CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, form one such chemokine system. We therefore undertook this study to investigate whether Fkn antagonist inhibits the initiation and progression of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.MethodsNH2‐terminally truncated Fkn/CX3CL1 analogs were transfected into a nonmetastatic fibroblastoid cell line, MRL/N‐1, and injected subcutaneously into MRL/lpr mice.ResultsFkn analogs truncated by ≥4 amino acid residues from the N‐terminus failed to induce chemotaxis and calcium influx by CX3CR1‐expressing cells. Of these, the most potent antagonist (Fkn‐AT) lacked the 4 N‐terminal amino acid residues. Fkn expression in the glomerulus was significantly increased in 12‐week‐old MRL/lpr mice. Expression was localized predominantly in the glomerular endothelial cells, but was occasionally observed in the mesangial cells and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitial microvasculature. Inoculation of MRL/lpr mice with Fkn‐AT before the onset or during the early stages of lupus nephritis significantly reduced glomerular hypercellularity, glomerulosclerosis, crescent formation, and vasculitis compared with control mice. This seemed to be due to a marked reduction in macrophage accumulation. In contrast, Fkn antagonist did not affect pneumonitis, sialadenitis, lymphadenopathy, or splenomegaly.ConclusionWe prepared a novel potent Fkn antagonist and demonstrated its ability to delay the initiation and ameliorate the progression of lupus nephritis. This agent may therefore provide a new therapeutic approach to lupus nephritis.
Additive bone‐protective effects of anabolic treatment when used in conjunction with RANKL and tumor necrosis factor inhibition in two rat arthritis models
Authors: Schett Georg , Middleton Scot , Bolon Brad , Stolina Marina , Brown Heather , Zhu Li , Pretorius Jim , Zack Debra J. , Kostenuik Paul , Feige Ulrich 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the bone‐preserving effects of a RANKL antagonist or a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist could be further improved by the addition of a bone anabolic agent in inflammatory arthritis.MethodsLewis rats with either adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) or collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) were treated for 10 days with PEGylated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (PEG sTNFRI), interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), osteoprotegerin (OPG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or combinations of these agents starting on day 4 after disease onset. Treatment effects were assessed clinically, radiologically, and histologically, and by morphometry for the extent of paw swelling, bone erosive changes, and synovial inflammation.ResultsPaw swelling and synovial inflammation were significantly inhibited by PEG sTNFRI in AIA and CIA, and by IL‐1Ra in CIA. OPG and PTH had no significant effect on these parameters. Analysis of bone erosion revealed a significant bone‐sparing effect of monotherapy with PEG sTNFRI or OPG in both models, whereas IL‐1Ra was only effective in CIA. PTH treatment alone did not show a bone‐protective effect in either model. With the combination of PEG sTNFRI and PTH, erosion scores (−74% in AIA and −61% in CIA versus controls) were significantly lower than those elicited by PEG sTNFRI alone (−41% and −29%, respectively, versus controls). Similar results were also obtained with the combination of OPG and PTH (−88% in AIA and −73% in CIA, compared with −70% and −55%, respectively, with OPG monotherapy). Coadministration of IL‐1Ra and PTH had no synergistic bone‐sparing effect. Morphometric analysis revealed that the addition of PTH to PEG sTNFRI or OPG resulted in higher bone volume and higher osteoblast numbers in both AIA and CIA.ConclusionThe bone‐protective effects resulting from RANKL or TNF antagonism can be further improved by the addition of a bone anabolic agent.
Skewed X chromosome inactivation in blood cells of women with scleroderma
Authors: Özbalkan Zeynep , Baǧışlar Sevgi , Kiraz Sedat , Akyerli Cemaliye Boylu , Özer Hüseyin T. E. , Yavuz Şule , Birlik A. Merih , Çalgüneri Meral , Özçelik Tayfun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveScleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. The disease is 3–8 times more frequent in women than in men. The role of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the predisposition of women to autoimmunity has been questioned. Until now this has not been illustrated experimentally. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that disturbances in XCI mosaicism may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease in female patients with SSc.MethodsSeventy female SSc patients and 160 female controls were analyzed for the androgen receptor locus by theHpaII/polymerase chain reaction assay to assess XCI patterns in DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells. Furthermore, skin biopsy samples were obtained from 5 patients whose blood revealed an extremely skewed pattern of XCI, and the analysis repeated. Since microchimerism in SSc was reported, Y chromosome sequences were investigated in all samples.ResultsSkewed XCI was observed in DNA from peripheral blood cells in 35 of 55 informative patients (64%), as compared with 10 of 124 informative controls (8%) (P< 0.0001). Extreme skewing was present in 27 of the patient group (49%), as compared with only 3 of the controls (2.4%) (P< 0.0001). However, XCI was random in all skin biopsy samples. The potential contribution of microchimerism to the random XCI pattern is highly unlikely based on the medical histories of the patients.ConclusionSkewed XCI mosaicism may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Relationship of radiographic and clinical variables to pinch and grip strength among individuals with osteoarthritis
Authors: Dominick Kelli L. , Jordan Joanne M. , Renner Jordan B. , Kraus Virginia B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about how specific radiographic features are related to hand strength in osteoarthritis (OA). This study examined associations of radiographic variables with pinch and grip strength among individuals with radiographic hand OA.MethodsParticipants (n = 700, 80% female, mean age 69 years) were part of a study on the genetics of generalized OA. All had bilateral radiographic hand OA. Linear models were used to examine associations of grip and pinch strength with 1) OA in joint groups (proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal [MCP], carpometacarpal [CMC]), 2) OA in rays (first through fifth), and 3) summed Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grades for severity of OA in all joints. Adjusted models controlled for age, sex, hand pain, chondrocalcinosis, and hand hypermobility. Mixed models accounted for clustering within families.ResultsIn bivariate analyses, all joint groups, all rays, and total summed K/L grades were significantly negatively associated with grip and pinch strength (P < 0.05). In adjusted models, the only joint group significantly associated with grip strength was the CMCs, and only OA in the MCP joint was significantly associated with pinch strength (P < 0.05). The only ray significantly associated with grip strength (P < 0.05) was ray 1, and no individual rays were significantly associated with pinch strength. A higher summed K/L grade was significantly associated with both lower grip strength and lower pinch strength.ConclusionAmong individuals with radiographic hand OA, increasing radiographic severity is associated with reduced grip and pinch strength, even when controlling for self‐reported pain. Individuals with radiographic OA in specific locations (CMC joints, MCP joints, and ray 1) may be at particular risk for reduced hand strength.
Analysis of immune reconstitution after autologous bone marrow transplantation in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Farge Dominique , Henegar Corneliu , Carmagnat Maryvonnick , Daneshpouy Marjan , Marjanovic Zora , Rabian Claire , Ilie Doina , Douay Corinne , Mounier Nicolas , Clave Emmanuel , Bengoufa Djaouida , Cabane Jean , Marolleau Jean Pierre , Gluckman Eliane , Charron Dominique , Toubert Antoine ,   for the Intensification et Autogreffe dans les Maladies Auto Immunes Résistantes (ISAMAIR) Study Group
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze hematopoietic and immune reconstitution after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 7 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsTwo groups of patients were retrospectively constituted according to whether they had a favorable clinical response (group A; n = 4) or no response or a relapse of disease (group B; n = 3) after HSCT. Immune reconstitution was analyzed every 3 months using lymphocyte immunophenotyping, α/β T cell receptor (TCR) diversity analysis, and ex vivo thymic function analysis by quantification of TCR rearrangement excision circles (TRECs).ResultsPatients had similar characteristics at study entry, except for a lower modified Rodnan skin thickness score (P = 0.03) and a lower Health Assessment Questionnaire score (P = 0.05) in group A than in group B. The number of reinjected cells and the time to hematopoietic reconstitution were similar in both groups. The absolute numbers of CD19+ and CD20+ B cells were lower in group A than in normal controls (P < 0.05) and within the normal range in group B. Absolute numbers of T and natural killer lymphocytes were normal before HSCT. Numbers of CD3+ cells remained low thereafter. Numbers of CD8+ cells were back to normal 3 months after HSCT in both groups. B cell counts were low until 6 months after HSCT in group A and stayed in the normal range in group B. The CD3+ defect was sustained in group A, with an opposite trend and a faster CD4+ reconstitution profile in group B. The T cell repertoire was skewed before and until 1 year after HSCT, with shared expansions before and after transplant in a given individual. TREC values correlated negatively with C‐reactive protein levels (rs = −0.41, P = 0.001) and positively with CD19+ (rs = 0.35, P = 0.001) and CD20+ (rs = 0.34, P = 0.002) lymphocyte counts.ConclusionB and T lymphocyte populations remained disturbed for at least 1 year after HSCT in SSc patients, which may reflect the persistence of an underlying disease mechanism.