bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does AMACR and Cyclin D1 Immunohistochemical Expression Vary on Comparing Mismatch Repair Proficient Versus Deficient Colorectal Carcinomas?
Authors: El-Guindy Dina M. , Hasby Eiman A. , Atef Aliaa , El-Sheikh Passant A. , Rehab Mennat-Allah A. , Khalifa Rana 
Published: October 2023

Aim of Study: AMACR & Cyclin D1 expression in relation to different clinicopathological features was compared in MMR proficient versus deficient CRC subgroups.
Methodology: MLH1 & MSH2 immunostaining was used to sort studied carcinomas. AMACR, cyclin D1 & ki67 expression was evaluated in neoplastic & non-neoplastic lesions too.
Results: Of studied carcinomas, 40% were MMR proficient & 60% were MMR deficient. Low AMACR expression was detected in 50% & 66.7% of MMR proficient & deficient subgroups respectively. Cyclin D1 displayed high expression in 66.7% of MMR proficient & low expression in 53.3% of MMR deficient subgroups. AMACR is significantly related to gender, grade, extracellular mucin and dirty necrosis in MMR deficient while only to circumscription in MMR proficient subgroups. Cyclin D1 associated significantly with location, gross features, histologic type, pT, and pN in MMR proficient, and with location, histologic type, pT, pN, tumor stage, extracellular mucin, buds and dirty necrosis in MMR deficient subgroups. Correlations between AMACR and both cyclin D1 and Ki67 expression was significant in MMR deficient but were insignificant in MMR proficient subgroups. In both subgroups, the correlation between cyclin D1 and Ki67 expression was significant.
Conclusion: AMACR and cyclin D1 seem to have a role in CRC carcinogenesis & genomic status influences their expression.
The Role of Cloud Service Brokers: Enhancing Security and Compliance in Multi-cloud Environments
Authors: Cinar Burak 
Published: October 2023

The goal of this study is to put encryption key management strategies into practice while taking legal restrictions and the necessity for data accessibility into account. In order to reduce the danger of unauthorized access to cloud resources, this article explores the creation of Identity and Access Management (IAM) solutions that successfully apply role-based access control and abide by the least privilege principle. The advancement of digital business is both facilitated and disrupted by the usage of cloud technologies. Spending on cloud computing platforms and infrastructure is expected to rise significantly, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30% predicted for the period between 2013 and 2018. In comparison, the corporate IT industry as a whole is anticipated to develop at a rate that is quite slow—5%. Additionally, an increasing number of businesses—precisely 85%—are seeing the benefits of using several cloud platforms to boost employee productivity, encourage collaboration, and spur corporate innovation. Regulations and standards are quite complicated, with possibilities for repetition and occasionally discrepancies. Utilizing existing standard models, patterns, architectures, and best practices is one efficient way to manage the difficulties brought on by compliance complexity, uncertainties, and overlaps. Examining regulatory practices and looking for overlaps have been efforts.
Advances in the study of cholinergic circuits in the central nervous system
Authors: He Ganghua , Li Yang , Deng Hua , Zuo Hongyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveFurther understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of cholinergic neural circuits and related neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsThis review summarized the research progress of the central cholinergic nervous system, especially for the cholinergic circuit of the medial septal nucleus‐hippocampus, vertical branch of diagonal band‐hippocampus, basal nucleus of Meynert‐cerebral cortex cholinergic loop, amygdala, pedunculopontine nucleus, and striatum‐related cholinergic loops.ResultsThe extensive and complex fiber projection of cholinergic neurons form the cholinergic neural circuits, which regulate several nuclei in the brain through neurotransmission and participate in learning and memory, attention, emotion, movement, etc. The loss of cholinergic neurotransmitters, the reduction, loss, and degeneration of cholinergic neurons or abnormal theta oscillations and cholinergic neural circuits can induce cognitive disorders such as AD, PD, PDD, and DLB.InterpretationThe projection and function of cholinergic fibers in some nuclei and the precise regulatory mechanisms of cholinergic neural circuits in the brain remain unclear. Further investigation of cholinergic fiber projections in various brain regions and the underlying mechanisms of the neural circuits are expected to open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of senile neurodegenerative diseases.
Synergetic Sn Incorporation‐Zn Substitution in Copper‐Based Sulfides Enabling Superior Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Wenjing , Yu Caiyan , Huang Shaozhuan , Zhang Chu , Chen Bingbing , Wang Xuefeng , Yang Hui Ying , Yan Dong , Bai Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransition‐metal sulfides have been regarded as perspective anode candidates for high‐energy Na‐ion batteries. Their application, however, is precluded severely by either low charge storage or huge volumetric change along with sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, an effective synergetic Sn incorporation‐Zn substitution strategy is proposed based on copper‐based sulfides. First, Na‐ion storage capability of copper sulfide is significantly improved via incorporating an alloy‐based Sn element. However, this process is accompanied by sacrifice of structural stability due to the high Na‐ion uptake. Subsequently, to maintain the high Na‐ion storage capacity, and concurrently improve cycling and rate capabilities, a Zn substitution strategy (taking partial Sn sites) is carried out, which could significantly promote Na‐ion diffusion/reaction kinetics and relieve mechanical strain–stress within the crystal framework. The synergetic Sn incorporation and Zn substitution endow copper‐based sulfides with high specific capacity (≈560 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), ultrastable cyclability (80 k cycles with ≈100% capacity retention), superior rate capability up to 200 A g−1, and ultrafast charging feature (≈4 s per charging with ≈190 mAh g−1 input). This work provides in‐depth insights for developing superior anode materials via synergetic multi‐cation incorporation/substitution, aiming at solving their intrinsic issues of either low specific capacity or poor cyclability.
Enantioselective Oral Absorption of Molecular Chiral Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Zhao Lin , Dai Yibo , Xu Miao , Zhou Ruilin , Zhou Bingxin , Gou Kaijun , Zeng Rui , Xu Lu , Li Heran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInspired by the unique pharmacological effects of chiral drugs in the asymmetrical body environments, it is assumed that the chirality of nanocarriers is also a key factor to determine their oral adsorption efficiency, apart from their size, shape, etc. Herein, l/d‐tartaric acid modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (l/d‐CMSNs) are fabricated via a one‐pot cocondensation method, and focused on whether the oral adsorption of nanocarriers will be benefited from their chirality. It is found that l‐CMSN performed better in the sequential oral absorption processes, including mucus permeation, mucosa bio‐adhesion, cellular uptake, intestinal transport and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) retention, than those of the d‐chiral (d‐CMSN), racemic (dl‐CMSN), and achiral (MSN) counterparts. The multiple chiral recognition mechanisms are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated following simple differential adsorption on biointerfaces, wherein electrostatic interaction is the dominant energy. During the oral delivery task, l‐CMSN, which is proven to be stable, nonirritative, biocompatible, and biodegradable, is efficiently absorbed into the blood (1.72–2.05‐fold higher than other nanocarriers), and helps the loaded doxorubicin (DOX) to achieve better intestinal transport (2.32–27.03‐times higher than other samples), satisfactory bioavailability (449.73%) and stronger antitumor effect (up to 95.43%). These findings validated the dominant role of chirality in determining the biological fate of nanocarriers.
DKK1 Impairs the Tumor Response to αPD‐1 Immunotherapy by Inactivating CD8+ T Cells and Recruiting MDSC Cells in HNSC
Authors: Li Huisheng , Wu Chao , Sun Zhenxing , Yu Xin , Liu Weishuai , Liu Dongying , Li Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has received authorization for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and various other tumor types. However, a large proportion of HNSC patients exhibit unresponsiveness to ICIs. Dickkopf‐1, a secreted protein with pivotal functions in Wnt signaling pathways, is increasingly recognized for its role in modulating anti‐tumor immunity. In this study, the authors employed TCGA and GEO datasets to investigate the correlation between tumoral DKK1 expression and survival outcomes, as well as the suppressive nature of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) in HNSC patients. The findings reveal a strong association between elevated DKK1 expression in HNSC tumors and poorer survival rates, along with an immunosuppressive TIME. In vivo studies utilizing subcutaneous tumor graft mouse models demonstrate that knockdown of DKK1 inhibit the growth of HNSC tumor cells in a CD8+ T cell‐dependent manner. Additionally, an inverse relationship between DKK1 expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation is observed, while a positive correlation is observed with infiltration of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Moreover, combining DKK1 knockdown with neutralizing antibodies against PD‐1 significantly suppress the growth of HNSC cells. Consequently, The study proposes DKK1 as a promising target for immunotherapy to enhance PD‐1 blockade therapy in HNSC. These findings show that DKK1 can thus be regarded as a potential target for immunotherapy and need further study.
Impact of Morphological Dimensions in Carbon‐Based Interlayers on Lithium Metal Anode Stabilization
Authors: Guan Wanqing , Wang Tian , Liu Yuhang , Du Hongfang , Li Siyu , Du Zhuzhu , Ai Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density and promise as a future technology. Yet, their adoption is hindered by safety concerns and cycle life stability, arising from Li dendrite formation, solid electrolyte interphase instability, and volume changes during cycling. In response to these challenges, carbon‐based materials have been utilized as an artificial interface layer for modifying the surface of copper current collector in LMBs. Among the diverse carbon‐based materials, 0D carbon, with its high specific surface area, is advantageous for enhancing Li ion transport rates and ensuring uniform current distribution. 1D carbon structures foster a network that facilitates Li ion diffusion, while 2D carbon establishes a protective layer, mitigating side reactions. 3D carbon structures promote Li deposition within their internal cavities, effectively controlling volume fluctuations. With this understanding, this review delves into the latest advancements in carbon‐based materials for modifying copper current collectors. It offers a detailed exploration of how each dimension of carbon‐based materials contributes to regulating Li deposition. Furthermore, the ongoing challenges and potential avenues in the development of carbon‐modified copper current collectors for LMBs are spotlighted, aiming to provide insightful guidance for the design of anode‐free Li metal batteries.
Vigilance has mainly a social function in a wild group of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Bernardi‐Gómez Chiara , Valdivieso‐Cortadella Sara , Llorente Miquel , Aureli Filippo , Amici Federica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVigilance is a widespread behavior that allows individuals to socially acquire information and/or effectively detect potential risks posed by predators and conspecifics. In this study, we aimed to investigate how social factors (i.e., subgroup size, number of males and immatures in the subgroup, presence of fission and fusion events, subgroup activity), individual characteristics (i.e., sex, presence of dependent offspring) and possible vulnerability to predation (i.e., being in smaller subgroups or lower in the canopy) explain variation in vigilance behavior in a wild group of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). We collected vigilance data during focal samples of all adults, subadults and juveniles of the group (N = 38), and ran generalized linear mixed models with a Bayesian approach. We found that the proportion of time both sexes spent in vigilance increased with subgroup size and during fusion events. Individuals also spent more time in vigilance when the subgroup was resting or socializing compared to other activities. Moreover, the proportion of time spent in vigilance increased in subgroups with more immatures. An alternative model with similar fit suggested that the proportion of time spent in vigilance increased in females when subgroups included more adult and subadult males. Overall, these results suggest that our study group mainly directed vigilance toward conspecifics (i.e., social vigilance), probably as a result of the relatively low predation pressure experienced, and contribute to the understanding of the multiple social factors affecting vigilance in group‐living primates.
Increased physical activity is not related to markers of cardiometabolic health in two lemur species
Authors: Rimbach Rebecca , Pontzer Herman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15 adult ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center during a period of low activity in winter when the animals were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period of high activity when individuals were free‐ranging in large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL‐ and LDL‐cholesterol, physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in ring‐tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both species were more active and had a lower body mass in summer. Ring‐tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in HDL‐cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in activity were not associated with changes in markers of metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was associated with lower activity in both species, and decreased glucose in ring‐tailed lemurs, but was otherwise unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring‐tailed lemurs, adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence metabolic health or TEE in these populations.
How can we apply decision‐making theories to wild animal behavior? Predictions arising from dual process theory and Bayesian decision theory
Authors: Teichroeb Julie A. , Smeltzer Eve A. , Mathur Virendra , Anderson Karyn A. , Fowler Erica J. , Adams Frances V. , Vasey Eric N. , Tamara Kumpan Ludmila , Stead Samantha M. , Arseneau‐Robar T. Jean M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur understanding of decision‐making processes and cognitive biases is ever increasing, thanks to an accumulation of testable models and a large body of research over the last several decades. The vast majority of this work has been done in humans and laboratory animals because these study subjects and situations allow for tightly controlled experiments. However, it raises questions about how this knowledge can be applied to wild animals in their complex environments. Here, we review two prominent decision‐making theories, dual process theory and Bayesian decision theory, to assess the similarities in these approaches and consider how they may apply to wild animals living in heterogenous environments within complicated social groupings. In particular, we wanted to assess when wild animals are likely to respond to a situation with a quick heuristic decision and when they are likely to spend more time and energy on the decision‐making process. Based on the literature and evidence from our multi‐destination routing experiments on primates, we find that individuals are likely to make quick, heuristic decisions when they encounter routine situations, or signals/cues that accurately predict a certain outcome, or easy problems that experience or evolutionary history has prepared them for. Conversely, effortful decision‐making is likely in novel or surprising situations, when signals and cues have unpredictable or uncertain relationships to an outcome, and when problems are computationally complex. Though if problems are overly complex, satisficing via heuristics is likely, to avoid costly mental effort. We present hypotheses for how animals with different socio‐ecologies may have to distribute their cognitive effort. Finally, we examine the conservation implications and potential cognitive overload for animals experiencing increasingly novel situations caused by current human‐induced rapid environmental change.
Resection of positive tissue on methionine‐PET is associated with improved survival in glioblastomas
Authors: Ohmura Kazufumi , Daimon Takashi , Ikegame Yuka , Yano Hirohito , Yokoyama Kazutoshi , Kumagai Morio , Shinoda Jun , Iwama Toru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe volume of excised tumor in contrast‐enhanced areas evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging is known to have a strong influence on the survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated the effect of tumor resection on the survival of patients with GBM in the 11C‐methionine (MET) accumulation area using MET‐positron emission tomography (MET‐PET).MethodsA total of 26 patients (median age, 69 years; 15 males) who had undergone tumor resection and MET‐PET before and after surgery, after being newly diagnosed with GBM, were included in the study. MET‐PET before and after tumor resection were compared. The association between the decrease in the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor divided by the normal cortical mean SUV (%; ΔT/N), the MET extent of resection (MET‐EOR) from the % reduction in the MET accumulation area (%), and residual MET accumulation area (in cm3; MET‐residual tumor volume [RTV]), as well as the survival time of patients with GBM, were evaluated via univariate analysis.ResultsΔT/N were positively associated with survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–0.99], p = .02). MET‐RTV revealed a negative association with survival (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.04], p = .04). Additionally, MET‐EOR showed a strong trend with survival (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.97–1.01], p = .06).ConclusionsSurgical resection of MET‐accumulated areas in GBM significantly prolongs the survival of patients with GBM. However, a prospective large‐scale multicenter study is needed to confirm our findings.
Innovation Process of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Storage Technology Using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ)
Authors: Abdul Rahim Zulhasni , Iqbal Muhammad Saqib 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe innovation of hydrogen fuel cells is essential for the sustainability of the future environment, which requires technical support as a medium to achieve the goal. This study proposes a strategic patent innovation framework to transform the innovation process for inventors in developing breakthrough innovations. Using the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) in the framework's foundation is changing the approach, method, strategy, and tools for the inventor to be more systematic in the innovation process. Also, a case study is presented on how the framework is applied to developing hydrogen fuel cell storage tanks. Several TRIZ methods and tools are used to increase the value of the system innovation from the selected patent and solve the trimming problem to produce the breakthrough innovation from a technical perspective. Furthermore, the study shares the patent strategy from a legal standpoint in strengthening the portfolio of the new patent system. The proposed framework is recommended to be applied beyond the scope of hydrogen fuel cell technological areas, and it will be the catalyst for developing breakthrough solutions for clean energy systems.
Late‐Stage C−H Activation of Drug (Derivative) Molecules with Pd(ll) Catalysis
Authors: Shim Su Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis review comprehensively analyses representative examples of Pd(II)‐catalyzed late‐stage C−H activation reactions and demonstrates their efficacy in converting C−H bonds at multiple positions within drug (derivative) molecules into diverse functional groups. These transformative reactions hold immense potential in medicinal chemistry, enabling the efficient and selective functionalization of specific sites within drug molecules, thereby enhancing their pharmacological activity and expanding the scope of potential drug candidates. Although notable articles have focused on late‐stage C−H functionalization reactions of drug‐like molecules using transition‐metal catalysts, reviews specifically focusing on late‐stage C−H functionalization reactions of drug (derivative) molecules using Pd(II) catalysts are required owing to their prominence as the most widely utilized metal catalysts for C−H activation and their ability to introduce a myriad of functional groups at specific C−H bonds. The utilization of Pd‐catalyzed C−H activation methodologies demonstrates impressive success in introducing various functional groups, such as cyano (CN), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), aromatic rings, olefin, alkyl, alkyne, and hydroxyl groups, to drug (derivative) molecules with high regioselectivity and functional‐group tolerance. These breakthroughs in late‐stage C−H activation reactions serve as invaluable tools for drug discovery and development, thereby offering strategic options to optimize drug candidates and drive the exploration of innovative therapeutic solutions.