bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional aspects, bioactive phytochemicals and biomedical traits of Opuntia spp.: current trends and applications
Authors: Alshaikhi Asmaa Ibrahim , Alzahrani Manar Yahya , Hazzazi Jumanah Samir , Kurdi Jumanah Reda , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis review was conducted to fully comprehend the nutritional value of the Opuntia spp., alongside the impact of the bioactive components on health and how well they combat disease. Opuntia ficus-indica fruit is plentiful with the amino acid taurine, a therapeutic compound, alongside vitamins C, E, and K. Opuntia plants are renowned for having a high level of phenolic acids, antioxidants, and pigments like betalains in all of their parts (pulp, roots, cladodes, seeds, and juice). Bioactives content enables Opuntia ficus-indica fruit to generate significant antidepressant effects, an anticancer impact, and the ability to prevent fatty liver disease or hepatic steatosis. Opuntia ficus-indica fruit has a desirable technique of consumption that may be applied as a nutritious component in several edible and value-added items. Fruits and stems may be eaten, making them a great natural energy source and supplement antioxidants and nutritional components that may be added to the diet. Traditionally, Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil is used in various foods, cosmetic products, and medications, mainly for treating chronic disorders, wound healing, and urinary tract infections in traditional folk medicine. In addition, Opuntia fruits could be utilized successfully in various food and nonfood applications.
Transferable and Fixable Proofs
Authors: D'Alessandro William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A proof

${\cal P}$

of a theorem T is transferable when it's possible for a typical expert to become convinced of T solely on the basis of their prior knowledge and the information contained in

${\cal P}$

. Easwaran has argued that transferability is a constraint on acceptable proof. Meanwhile, a proof

${\cal P}$

is fixable when it's possible for other experts to correct any mistakes

${\cal P}$

contains without having to develop significant new mathematics. Habgood-Coote and Tanswell have observed that some acceptable proofs are both fixable and in need of fixing, in the sense that they contain non-trivial mistakes. The claim that acceptable proofs must be transferable seems quite plausible. The claim that some acceptable proofs need fixing seems plausible too. Unfortunately, these attractive suggestions stand in tension with one another. I argue that the transferability requirement is the problem. Acceptable proofs need to only satisfy a weaker requirement I call “corrigibility.” I explain why, despite appearances, the corrigibility standard is preferable to stricter alternatives.
How old is the Ordovician–Silurian boundary at Dob’s Linn, Scotland? Integrating LA-ICP-MS and CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb zircon dates
Authors: Garza Hector K. , Catlos Elizabeth J. , Chamberlain Kevin R. , Suarez Stephanie E. , Brookfield Michael E. , Stockli Daniel F. , Batchelor Richard A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSedimentary rocks exposed at Dob’s Linn, Scotland, have significantly influenced our understanding of how life evolved over the Ordovician to Early Silurian. The current interpreted chronostratigraphic boundary between the Ordovician and Silurian periods is a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), calibrated to 443.8 ± 1.5 Ma (Hirnatian–Rhuddanian age), based on biostratigraphic markers, radioisotopic dates and statistical modelling. However, challenges arise due to tectonic disturbances, complex correlation issues and the lack of systematic dating in Ordovician–Silurian stratigraphic sections. Here, hundreds of zircon grains from three metabentonite ash horizons were dated using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A subset of the grains were re-analyzed using Chemical Abrasion Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS). We present a high-precision CA-ID-TIMS 238U-206Pb weighted mean date of 440.44 ± 0.55/0.56/0.72 Ma (±analytical/with tracer/with U-decay constant) for the Coronagraptus cyphus biozone. However, the study reports younger, and in certain cases, older LA-ICP-MS zircon dates within the Coronagraptus cyphus, Akidograptus ascensus and Dicellograptus anceps zones, suspected as being influenced by Pb loss and LA-ICP-MS matrix mismatch. The study reports concerns about the suitability of Dob’s Linn as a GSSP section and examines various LA-ICP-MS maximum depositional age (MDA) approaches, suggesting the use of the TuffZirc date and the youngest mode weighted mean (YMWM) as suitable MDA calculations consistent with CA-ID-TIMS results.
“The Teacher of Teachers”: James Mill and the Education of John Stuart Mill
Authors: Loizides Antis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractJohn Stuart Mill's account of his education in Autobiography (1873) is typically sifted through three interrelated sets of polarities: nurture/nature; reason/emotion; authority/autonomy. First, the father tried to mold the son's development towards a specific ideal, curbing his spontaneous growth. Second, James relentlessly sharpened John Stuart's analytical prowess to the almost total neglect of his emotional needs. Third, the authoritarianism involved in the design and execution of James Mill's curriculum rendered John Stuart Mill incapable of autonomy. This article argues that the dualities of nurture/nature and reason/emotion are not unambiguous, though ever-present in the reception of the younger Mill's education. Widening our perspective in their examination opens the possibility of a different assessment of that famous education being no education for autonomy.
Perceptual alterations in the relationship between sensory reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety in autistic children with and without ADHD
Authors: Powell Helen J. , He Jason L. , Khalil Nermin , Wodka Ericka L. , DeRonda Alyssa , Edden Richard A. E. , Vasa Roma A. , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Puts Nicolaas A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSensory differences and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in autistic individuals with and without ADHD. Studies have shown that sensory differences and anxiety are associated and that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) plays an important role in this relationship. However, it is unclear as to how different levels of the sensory processing pathway (i.e., perceptual, affective, or behavioral) contribute. Here, we used psychophysics to assess how alterations in tactile perception contribute to questionnaire measures of sensory reactivity, IU, and anxiety. Thirty-eight autistic children (aged 8-12 years; 27 with co-occurring ADHD) were included. Consistent with previous findings, mediation analyses showed that child-reported IU fully mediated an association between parent-reported sensory reactivity and parent-reported anxiety and that anxiety partially mediated an association between sensory reactivity and IU. Of the vibrotactile thresholds, only simultaneous frequency discrimination (SFD) thresholds correlated with sensory reactivity. Interestingly, we found that sensory reactivity fully mediated an association between SFD threshold and anxiety, and between SFD threshold and IU. Taken together, those findings suggest a mechanistic pathway whereby tactile perceptual alterations contribute to sensory reactivity at the affective level, leading in turn to increased IU and anxiety. This stepwise association can inform potential interventions for IU and anxiety in autism.
Do normative data specific to Greek Australian older adults improve validity of neuropsychological assessment results?
Authors: Staios Mathew , Kosmidis Mary H. , Tsiaras Yiannis , Nielsen T. Rune , Papadopoulos Alexandra , Kokkinias Arthur , Velakoulis Dennis , March Evrim , Stolwyk Renerus J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to compare Greek Australian and English language normative data with regard to impairment rates yielded within a healthy Greek Australian older adult sample. We also examined whether optimal cut scores could be identified and capable of sensitively and specifically distinguishing between healthy Greek Australians from those with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Method:Ninety healthy Greek Australian older adults and 20 demographically matched individuals with a diagnosis of AD completed a range of neuropsychological measures, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition, Greek Adaptation (WAIS-IV GR), verbal and visual memory, language and naming, and executive functions. Impairment rates derived from the use of either Greek Australian or English language normative data were calculated and compared, using a 1.5 standard deviation criterion to denote impairment. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of alternate cut scores.Results:Impairment rates derived from the Greek Australian normative data showed that rates of impairment generally fell within the expected 7% range. In contrast, impairment rates for all tests derived using English language normative data were significantly higher and ranged from 11%–66%. Comparisons between healthy and AD participants with moderate dementia showed significant differences across all measures. Area under the curve results ranged from .721 to .999 across all measures, with most tests displaying excellent sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions:English language normative data were found to be inappropriate for use with Greek Australian elders, potentially leading to erroneous diagnostic outcomes. The use of minority group specific normative data and associated cut points appear to partially ameliorate this issue. Clinical implications are discussed alongside future research directions.
Inaccurate forecasting of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahrenshop Mats , Golden Miriam , Gulzar Saad , Sonnet Luke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report the results of a forecasting experiment about a randomized controlled trial that was conducted in the field. The experiment asks Ph.D. students, faculty, and policy practitioners to forecast (1) compliance rates for the RCT and (2) treatment effects of the intervention. The forecasting experiment randomizes the order of questions about compliance and treatment effects and the provision of information that a pilot experiment had been conducted which produced null results. Forecasters were excessively optimistic about treatment effects and unresponsive to item order as well as to information about a pilot. Those who declare themselves expert in the area relevant to the intervention are particularly resistant to new information that the treatment is ineffective. We interpret our results as suggesting that we should exercise caution when undertaking expert forecasting, since experts may have unrealistic expectations and may be inflexible in altering these even when provided new information.
Future Global Population Exposure to Record‐Breaking Climate Extremes
Authors: Li Bohao , Liu Kai , Wang Ming , Wang Qianzhi , He Qian , Li Chenxia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe increase in record‐breaking extreme events caused by climate change poses a threat to human health and well‐being. Understanding the future impacts of such events on global populations can provide decision‐making support for policies aiming to mitigate climate change. Here, we investigated the population exposure to eight climate extreme indices and drivers of exposure trajectories based on National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 and population projection data under four shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. The results show that by the mid‐twenty‐first century, most regions worldwide, especially Africa and South America, will continue to experience record‐breaking temperatures and compound drought and heatwaves (CDHWs). Regarding population exposure, under SSP3‐7.0 in the late twenty‐first century, the mean value of the multimodel median expected annual exposure (EAE) of all extreme temperature indices and CDHW reaches 8.12 billion persons per year. Population exposure hotspots will be concentrated in Central Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia, mostly in developing countries, where 55.01%–87.42% of the EAE is found. The drivers of exposure trajectories are spatially heterogeneous. The increase in record‐breaking probability contributes more than population growth to EAE growth in most regions of the world except Central Asia, the Middle East, and most of Africa. These findings reveal the future trajectories of record‐breaking probabilities and population exposures for climate extremes, which can inform understanding of the intersections between climate change and population change and future risk management.
Role of Atmospheric Indices in Describing Shoreline Variability Along the Atlantic Coast of Europe
Authors: Masselink Gerd , Castelle Bruno , Scott Tim , Konstantinou Aikaterini 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBeaches are highly variable environments and respond to changes in wave forcing, themselves modulated by climate variability. Here, we analyze three high‐quality beach profile data sets to robustly investigate, for the first time, the link between shoreline change, wave forcing and climate variability along the Atlantic coast of Europe. Winter wave conditions are strongly associated with North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Western Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA), with WEPA explaining 50%–80% of the winter wave power variability. Shoreline variability during winter is also strongly linked to NAO and WEPA, with WEPA explaining 25% of the winter shoreline variability. Winter wave conditions and associated shoreline variability are both unrelated to El Nino Southern Oscillation. In addition to the atmospherically‐forced beach morphological response, shoreline change also depends strongly on the antecedent morphology as evidenced by significant correlations between summer/winter shoreline response and the shoreline position at the start of each season.
A case of infantile spasms with three possibly pathogenic de novo missense variants in NF1 and GABBR1
Authors: Watanabe Kazuki , Kubota Kazuo , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common hereditary neurocutaneous disorders. Here, we report a unique case of a patient with typical NF1 findings and infantile spasms who had three possibly pathogenic de novo variants, c.3586C>T, p.(Leu1196Phe) and c.3590C>T, p.(Ala1197Val) in NF1 located in cis and c.1042G>C, p.(Ala348Pro) in GABBR1. This study contributes to our understanding of the effect of two cis variants on NF1 phenotypes and GABBR1-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Prenatal hypertension as the risk of eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and critical obstetric hemorrhage
Authors: Akaishi Tetsuya , Tarasawa Kunio , Hamada Hirotaka , Iwama Noriyuki , Tomita Hasumi , Akaishi Miho , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Yaegashi Nobuo , Saito Masatoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCritical bleeding is a common cause of maternal mortality in obstetric patients. However, the non-obstetric factors underlying critical obstetric bleeding remain uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the impact of chronic hypertension on obstetric hemorrhage by evaluating a nationwide administrative database in Japan. Women who gave birth between 2018 and 2022 were enrolled. The primary outcome was critical hemorrhage requiring massive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during childbirth. In total, 354, 299 eligible women were selected from the database. The maternal mortality rate was >1.0% among those who received a massive RBC transfusion (≥4000 cc), and this amount was used as the cutoff of the outcome. Critical hemorrhage was less frequent with elective Caesarean section (CS) compared with vaginal childbirth or emergent CS (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.47). Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for these obstetric risks revealed that a higher maternal age (adjusted OR [aOR] per 1 year, 1.07 [1.05–1.09]); oral medications with prednisolone (aOR, 2.5 [1.4–4.4]), anti-coagulants (aOR, 10 [5.4–19]), and anti-platelets (aOR, 2.9 [1.3–6.4]); and a prenatal history of hypertension (aOR, 2.5 [1.5–4.4]) and hypoproteinemia (aOR, 5.8 [1.7–20]) are the risks underlying critical obstetric hemorrhage. Prenatal history of hypertension was significantly associated with obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation (OR, 1.9 [1.5–2.4]); Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (OR, 3.3 [2.7–4.2]); and eclampsia (OR, 6.1 [4.6–8.1]). In conclusion, a maternal prenatal history of hypertension is associated with the development of HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, and resultant critical hemorrhage.
Hopfion rings in a cubic chiral magnet
Authors: Zheng Fengshan , Kiselev Nikolai S. , Rybakov Filipp N. , Yang Luyan , Shi Wen , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions and hopfions are topological solitons1—well-localized field configurations that have gained considerable attention over the past decade owing to their unique particle-like properties, which make them promising objects for spintronic applications. Skyrmions2,3 are two-dimensional solitons resembling vortex-like string structures that can penetrate an entire sample. Hopfions4–9 are three-dimensional solitons confined within a magnetic sample volume and can be considered as closed twisted skyrmion strings that take the shape of a ring in the simplest case. Despite extensive research on magnetic skyrmions, the direct observation of magnetic hopfions is challenging10 and has only been reported in a synthetic material11. Here we present direct observations of hopfions in crystals. In our experiment, we use transmission electron microscopy to observe hopfions forming coupled states with skyrmion strings in B20-type FeGe plates. We provide a protocol for nucleating such hopfion rings, which we verify using Lorentz imaging and electron holography. Our results are highly reproducible and in full agreement with micromagnetic simulations. We provide a unified skyrmion–hopfion homotopy classification and offer insight into the diversity of topological solitons in three-dimensional chiral magnets.
Sequential appetite suppression by oral and visceral feedback to the brainstem
Authors: Ly Truong , Oh Jun Y. , Sivakumar Nilla , Shehata Sarah , La Santa Medina Naymalis , Huang Heidi , Liu Zhengya , Fang Wendy , Barnes Chris , Dundar Naz , Jarvie Brooke C. , Ravi Anagh , Barnhill Olivia K. , Li Chelsea , Lee Grace R. , Choi Jaewon , Jang Heeun , Knight Zachary A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe termination of a meal is controlled by dedicated neural circuits in the caudal brainstem. A key challenge is to understand how these circuits transform the sensory signals generated during feeding into dynamic control of behaviour. The caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) is the first site in the brain where many meal-related signals are sensed and integrated1–4, but how the cNTS processes ingestive feedback during behaviour is unknown. Here we describe how prolactin-releasing hormone (PRLH) and GCG neurons, two principal cNTS cell types that promote non-aversive satiety, are regulated during ingestion. PRLH neurons showed sustained activation by visceral feedback when nutrients were infused into the stomach, but these sustained responses were substantially reduced during oral consumption. Instead, PRLH neurons shifted to a phasic activity pattern that was time-locked to ingestion and linked to the taste of food. Optogenetic manipulations revealed that PRLH neurons control the duration of seconds-timescale feeding bursts, revealing a mechanism by which orosensory signals feed back to restrain the pace of ingestion. By contrast, GCG neurons were activated by mechanical feedback from the gut, tracked the amount of food consumed and promoted satiety that lasted for tens of minutes. These findings reveal that sequential negative feedback signals from the mouth and gut engage distinct circuits in the caudal brainstem, which in turn control elements of feeding behaviour operating on short and long timescales.
Distinguishing cells using electro-acoustic spinning
Authors: Saghaei Tayebeh , Weber Andreas , Reimhult Erik , van Oostrum Peter D. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany diseases, including cancer and covid, result in altered mechanical and electric properties of the affected cells. These changes were proposed as disease markers. Current methods to characterize such changes either provide very limited information on many cells or have extremely low throughput. We introduce electro-acoustic spinning (EAS). Cells were found to spin in combined non-rotating AC electric and acoustic fields. The rotation velocity in EAS depends critically on a cell's electrical and mechanical properties. In contrast to existing methods, the rotation is uniform in the field of view and hundreds of cells can be characterized simultaneously. We demonstrate that EAS can distinguish cells with only minor differences in electric and mechanical properties, including differences in age or the number of passages.
Evaluating the effectiveness of stain normalization techniques in automated grading of invasive ductal carcinoma histopathological images
Authors: Voon Wingates , Hum Yan Chai , Tee Yee Kai , Yap Wun-She , Nisar Humaira , Mokayed Hamam , Gupta Neha , Lai Khin Wee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDebates persist regarding the impact of Stain Normalization (SN) on recent breast cancer histopathological studies. While some studies propose no influence on classification outcomes, others argue for improvement. This study aims to assess the efficacy of SN in breast cancer histopathological classification, specifically focusing on Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) grading using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The null hypothesis asserts that SN has no effect on the accuracy of CNN-based IDC grading, while the alternative hypothesis suggests the contrary. We evaluated six SN techniques, with five templates selected as target images for the conventional SN techniques. We also utilized seven ImageNet pre-trained CNNs for IDC grading. The performance of models trained with and without SN was compared to discern the influence of SN on classification outcomes. The analysis unveiled ap-value of 0.11, indicating no statistically significant difference in Balanced Accuracy Scores between models trained with StainGAN-normalized images, achieving a score of 0.9196 (the best-performing SN technique), and models trained with non-normalized images, which scored 0.9308. As a result, we did not reject the null hypothesis, indicating that we found no evidence to support a significant discrepancy in effectiveness between stain-normalized and non-normalized datasets for IDC grading tasks. This study demonstrates that SN has a limited impact on IDC grading, challenging the assumption of performance enhancement through SN.