bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective reduction of 2‐keto‐3‐haloalkane phosphonates by baker's yeast
Authors: Yuan Cheng‐ye , Wang Ke , Li Zu‐yi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBioreduction of 3‐substituted‐2‐oxoal‐kanephosphonates by baker's yeast afforded 3‐substituted‐2‐hydroxy‐alkanephosphonates in moderate to good yields and ee value. These compounds could serve as useful chirons for the stereoselective synthesis of phosphorus analogs of biologically active molecules including R‐(—)‐3‐trimethylammonium‐2‐hydroxypropanoic acid and R‐(—)‐3‐ trimethylammonium‐2‐hydroxypropanoic acid. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:551–556, 2001
Reactions of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines and chloroacetyl chlorides: Synthesis of 2a,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐azeto [1,2‐a][1,5] benzodiazepin‐1(2H)‐ones
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Zuo Gang , Chan Wing Lai 
Published: August 2002

Abstract2a,4‐Disubstituted 5‐benzoyl‐2‐chloro/2,2‐dichloro‐2a,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐azeto [1,2‐a] [1,5]benzodiazepin‐1 (2H)‐ones (3a–h) were synthesized by cycloaddition reactions of 2,4‐disubstituted 1‐benzoyl‐2,3‐dihydr o‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines (2a–h) and ketenes, generated from chloroacetyl chloride or dichloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, in anhydrous benzene. In some cases, ring contraction of benzodiazepines has also been observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:636–640, 2001
Solving the surgical waiting list problem? New Zealand's ‘booking system’
Authors: Gauld Robin , Derrett Sarah 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article discusses the development and implementation of New Zealand's booking system for publicly funded non‐urgent surgical and medical procedures. The ‘booking system’ emerged out of New Zealand's core services debate and the government's desire to remove waiting lists. It was targeted for implementation by mid‐1998. However, the booking system remains in an unsatisfactory state and a variety of problems have plagued its introduction. These include a lack of national consistency in the priority access criteria, failure to pilot the system and a shortfall in the levels of funding available to treat the numbers of patients whose priority criteria ‘scores’ deem them clinically eligible for surgery. The article discusses endeavours to address these problems. In conclusion, based on the New Zealand experience, the article provides lessons for policy‐makers interested in introducing surgical booking systems. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pool boiling heat transfer in binary mixtures of ammonia/water: Effect of heat of dilution and dissolution on heat transfer coefficient
Authors: Inoue Toshiaki , Monde Masanori , Teruya Yoshio , Ikeda Hideki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured on a horizontal heated wire during the pool boiling of non‐azeotropic mixtures of ammonia/water. The experiment was carried out at pressures of 0.4 and 0.7 MPa, at heat fluxes below 2.0 × 106 W/m2, and over a range of mass fraction. The heat transfer coefficients in the mixtures were smaller than those in single‐component substances. No existing correlation is found to predict boiling heat transfer coefficients over the range of mass fraction of interest. In the mixtures of the ammonia/water, the heats of dilution and dissolution were generated near a liquid surface while vapor with a rich concentration of ammonia was condensed and then was diffused into the bulk liquid; while in most other mixtures, little heat was generated during any dilution and dissolution. In relation to the heat generated, the effect of the heats of dilution and dissolution on pressure and temperature in a system (pressure vessel) is shown herein. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(4): 272–283, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10034
Numerical simulation of natural convection heat transfer in the open space between two horizontal circular planes
Authors: Tokanai Hideki , Shishido Masahiro , Kuriyama Masafumi , Konno Hirotaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerical simulations were conducted for natural convection heat transfer in a narrow gap between two horizontal plates in air. The lower plate is an infinite plate with a circular heating zone. The upper one is the bottom of a vertical cylinder, which is placed right above the circular heated plate and kept at room temperature.A set of Navier–Stokes equations and an energy equation are analyzed for a variety of combinations of gap clearance and Rayleigh number. The calculated average heat transfer values are shown to be in good agreement with the experimentally obtained ones reported in a previous paper. From the obtained isotherms, streamlines, and local Nusselt numbers, it is found that two types of convection appear in the gap space according to the conditions of Rayleigh number and gap clearance: one is a simple convection due to a single renewal flow which replaces heated air with ambient air and the other is a combined convection due to several vortex flows and a renewal flow. Furthermore, the flow rate of each flow controls the rate of heat transfer from the limited area which is covered by each flow. From this fact, the validity of the previously proposed heat transfer correlation is briefly discussed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(6): 485–502, 2001
Modelling of groundwater mound formation resulting from transient recharge
Authors: Rai S. N. , Ramana D. V. , Thiagarajan S. , Manglik A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn analytical solution of a linearized Boussinesq equation is obtained to predict water table fluctuations as a result of time varying recharge from a strip basin for any number of recharge cycles. The analytical solution is obtained by using finite Fourier sine transform. Applications of the solution for the prediction of water table fluctuations and sensitivity analysis are demonstrated with the help of example problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistant human papillomavirus infection and smoking increase risk of failure of treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Authors: Acladious Nabil Nathan , Sutton Chrostopher , Mandal Debbi , Hopkins Rami , Zaklama Magid , Kitchener Henery 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWomen with abnormal smears have an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. During the 8 years following conservative treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), their risk of invasive cervical cancer is about 5 times greater than that of the general population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the natural history of both CIN and cervical cancer. To date, there have been no published reports on the predictive value of HPV testing in the treatment outcome of CIN. A prospective, multi‐center, cohort study was conducted on women in the Northwest of England who were attending for treatment of CIN. They were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included a detailed smoking history. Pre‐ and post‐treatment HPV testing was performed on cervical biopsies and cervical swab, being taken with the first follow‐up smear at 6 months. A nested case‐control analysis was performed, cases being defined as women who developed CIN within the 2 years of treatment and controls being sampled from those who did not experience treatment failure within 2 years. Multiple conditional logistic regression is used to study the factors associated with treatment failure of CIN. The cohort included 958 women of whom 77 (8%) experienced treatment failure (cases). Two controls were matched to each case (154). Smoking status was significantly associated with CIN treatment failure(p= 0.0013). Current smokers had a 3‐fold increased risk of treatment failure of CIN as compared to non‐smokers (95% CI 1.65 to 5.91). Five hundred twenty‐five women underwent HPV sampling following treatment, of whom 47 (8.9%) developed further CIN. Post‐treatment positive HPV testing was found to be strongly associated with treatment failure of CIN (OR 23.3; 95% CI 3.15–172.1). In 11/45 cases with negative smear at first follow‐up, the HPV test was positive. The combination of both HPV and cytology in the first follow‐up visit predicted treatment failure in 72% of the cases. Cigarette smoking is a factor, which, independently of HPV infection, influences the treatment outcome of CIN. Smokers and those who are HPV positive during follow‐up appear to require longer, more intensive follow‐up. HPV testing requires careful consideration as part of routine follow‐up protocol following treatment of CIN. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of different soothing interventions on infant crying and on parent–infant interaction
Authors: Elliott M. Ruth , Reilly Sandra M. , Drummond Jane , Letourneau Nicole 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConducted in the home environment, this study examines the effects of three complementary soothing techniques on the duration of infant crying and on caregiver–infant interaction. In one group, the caregivers apply massage; in another, they provide supplemental carrying to their infants, and in the last, the caregivers both massage and provide supplemental carrying. Measurements, for the one control and three treatment groups took place prenatally (third trimester) and in the first 16 weeks postpartum for parental perception of infant temperament, parental sense of competence, parent–infant interaction, and the duration of infant crying. Whereas analyses indicate no statistically significant differences between groups in reducing infant crying, results approached significance (p ≤ .06) in favor of the combined supplemental carrying/massage group. These results challenge accepted beliefs that tactile stimulation and/or supplemental carrying enhance parental sense of competence, positive parental perceptions, and interactions with infants. Practitioners can apply these conclusions when counselling parents on the advisability of selecting any one complementary soothing technique. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Cancer risk assessment for oral exposure to PAH mixtures
Authors: Schneider K. , Roller M. , Kalberlah F. , Schuhmacher‐Wolz U. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCancer risk estimates for oral uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) currently are based on risk estimates for benzo[a]pyrene (BAP). The potency of PAH mixtures often is calculated using relative potency values (BAP equivalency factors). We used recent oral carcinogenicity studies with BAP and coal tar mixtures, as well as older studies for a critical reappraisal of the current practice. A literature survey identified several carcinogenicity studies with oral and dermal exposure and lung implantation that allow a direct comparison of the carcinogenic potency of pure BAP and PAH mixtures. Moreover, when the PAH composition of the mixture has been analysed, prediction of the potency of PAH mixtures by BAP equivalency factors could be compared with the observed PAH potency. The analysis indicates that BAP equivalency factors do not describe adequately the potency of PAH mixtures and lead to underestimations of carcinogenic potency in most cases. Evaluation of several studies with various PAH mixtures revealed that the potency ratio between pure BAP and the PAH mixture in the same assay is highly dependent on the exposure pathway and the target organ, therefore potency estimates for PAH mixtures should be derived separately for oral, dermal and inhalative exposure using data from studies with the relevant pathway. A cancer slope factor for oral PAH exposure was derived based on data from a recent feeding study with coal tar mixtures. By using incidence data for all exposure‐related tumours, a slope factor for humans of 11.5 (human excess risk per oral lifetime exposure with 1 mg BAP kg−1day−1 in a PAH mixture) was obtained. Our analysis led to the conclusion that the contribution of BAP to the carcinogenic potency of the mixture depends on the exposure pathway and type of cancer observed but is relatively constant for various PAH mixtures from industrial sources. Thus, the derived oral slope factor is recommended to be used for the risk assessment of PAH‐contaminated soils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro behavior of albumin‐loaded carbonate hydroxyapatite gel
Authors: Barralet J. E. , Aldred S. , Wright A. J. , Coombes A. G. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) powder, porous HA, plasma‐sprayed HA, apatite cements, and sintered HA have all been investigated as delivery systems for compounds such as human growth hormone and vancomycin. However, many previous studies showed that the period of release was limited to 2–3 weeks. The concept of using a nanoporous matrix as a means of immobilizing proteins is well known but has largely been confined to silica‐based systems. Carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) is more soluble in vivo than HA, and when formed as an aqueous precipitate, it is often formed as nanocrystals. This study investigated the release profiles of ovine albumin (OVA) from CHA gel stored in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and double distilled water (DDW) for times of up to 1 year. It was found that 7.9% OVA could be loaded onto apatitic gels by means of a purely aqueous process. This process provided a simple low‐temperature method of protein adsorption on a high surface area apatitic matrix at physiological pH. The rate of short‐term release of OVA was lower from CHA gels than from microcrystalline HA powder. However, the period of release from the CHA gel was short term and may have been associated with recrystallization of the gel. OVA loaded into CHA gel was found to remain undegraded in vitro at 37°C for periods of up to 1 year. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 360–367, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10070
Sequential robust design methodology and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze the grafting of hyaluronic acid to glass substrates
Authors: Stile Ranee A. , Barber Thomas A. , Castner David G. , Healy Kevin E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSequential Robust Design experiments and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies were performed to examine the immobilization of hyaluronic acid (HA) on glass substrates chemisorbed with N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyl‐trimethoxysilane (EDS). Numerous reaction conditions were investigated, including the concentrations of 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo‐NHS), and HA, and the reaction buffer type, concentration, and pH. The elemental surface compositions of carbon and silicon (C/Si ratio) were used to assess the extent of HA immobilization, leading to the identification of critical HA‐binding reaction conditions and the determination of an optimum surface chemistry. The optimum chemistry consisted of 200 mM EDC, 50 mM Sulfo‐NHS, 10 mM N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine‐N′‐(2‐ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer at a pH of 7.0, and 3 mg/mL HA. This work emphasizes the advantages of using Robust Design methods over traditional statistical experimental design, particularly when large numbers of variables are examined and costly analytical techniques are employed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 391–398, 2002
Alteration of leukocyte motility on plasma‐conditioned prosthetic biomaterial, ePTFE, via a flow‐responsive cell adhesion molecule, CD43
Authors: Rosenson‐Schloss Rene S. , Chang Charlie C. , Constantinides Alkis , Moghe Prabhas V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe physiologic determinants of leukocyte migration on vascular prosthetic biomaterials remain poorly understood, despite their relevance to the control of periprosthetic infection. Using hemodynamic exposure of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes adherent to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in vitro, we investigated the role of fluid shear in regulating leukocyte migratory behavior on plasma‐adsorbed, prosthetic vascular biomaterial. The presence of flow at a wall shear stress of 25 dyn/cm2 increased the degree of leukocyte displacement along the flow direction without altering the degree of overall cell attachment. Moreover, plasma‐ePTFE elicited a lower overall degree of displacement under flow in comparison with untreated ePTFE. We further probed the molecular level regulation of leukocyte migratory responses under flow through the immunocytochemical quantification of specific leukocyte adhesion molecules and determined that CD43, a cell adhesion molecule, was upregulated via flow exposure for leukocytes adherent to plasma‐ePTFE, whereas basal levels of CD43 expression were not significantly altered on untreated ePTFE. When flow‐exposed, adherent leukocytes were incubated in the presence of substrate immobilized anti‐CD43 immunoglobulin, the degree of cell displacement along flow was found to be significantly enhanced on plasma‐ePTFE. Quantification of the cell population redistribution under flow using a modified random motility model, indicated that the incorporation of anti‐CD43 on plasma‐ePTFE led to a significant increase (243 ± 60%) in the cell dispersion coefficient, μD, whereas only a minimal increase (61 ± 30%) was detected on non‐adsorbed ePTFE. Overall, our results suggest that flow exposure can induce the migration of leukocytes adherent to prosthetic materials in a substrate‐dependent manner. An important implication of our study is that, although biomaterials exposed to plasma intrinsically passivate leukocyte migration even under hemodynamic conditions, it may be possible to promote cell motility by targeting a specific, flow‐responsive, adhesion molecule. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 8–19, 2002
Acute sodium arsenite administration induces pulmonary CYP1A1 mRNA, protein and activity in the rat
Authors: Seubert John M. , Sinal Christopher J. , Bend John R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractModulation of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase system (P450) by arsenite was investigated in male, adult Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with a single dose (75 μmol/kg, sc) of sodium arsenite (As3+). Total CYP content and P450‐dependent 7‐pentoxyresorufin O‐pentylation (PROD) and 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylation (EROD) activities of liver microsomes decreased maximally (33, 35, and 50% of control, respectively) 1 day after As3+ treatment. Maximum decreases of CYP content and P450 catalytic activities corresponded with maximum increases of microsomal heme oxygenase (HO) activity and with increased total plasma bilirubin concentrations. EROD activity increased maximally in lung (300%) 5 days after a single dose of As3+. Lung CYP1A1 mRNA and protein levels also increased maximally 5 days after treatment. A small but significant increase in EROD activity (65%) was observed in lung microsomes 24 h following a 1 h infusion of bilirubin (7.5 mg/kg) into rats. However, administration of bilirubin to the lung via intratracheal injection (0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) did not increase CYP1A1 monooxygenase activity or mRNA. This study demonstrates that P450 is modulated in an isozyme (CYP1A1 vs CYP2B1/2) selective manner in rat lung after acute As3+ administration. Administration of bilirubin, a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand, by infusion or intratracheal instillation did not upregulate pulmonary CYP1A1 at the mRNA level under our treatment conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:84–95, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10022
Changes in the levels of glutathione after cellular and cutaneous damage induced by squalene monohydroperoxide
Authors: Chiba Katsuyoshi , Yoshizawa Kazuhiko , Makino Ikuyo , Kawakami Koji , Onoue Masaharu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSqualene monohydroperoxide (Sq‐OOH), the initial product of ultraviolet‐peroxidated squalene, was used to investigate the effect of peroxidative challenge upon the glutathione contents in rabbit ear skin and primary‐cultured fibroblasts derived from rabbit ear skin. The cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) contents decreased during 30‐minute incubations in vitro with Sq‐OOH, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was formed concomitantly, indicating that Sq‐OOH had a potential for GSH‐depleting activity in vitro. When Sq‐OOH was applied topically to the skin in vivo, only GSSG contents increased significantly within 30 minutes. Moreover, pretreatment with the GSH depletors, DL‐buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and diethyl maleate (DEM), could potentiate the cytotoxicity and comedogenicity induced by Sq‐OOH. These findings suggest that the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione, is quite sensitive to Sq‐OOH and may be an important material for protecting cells and/or tissues against the oxidative stress induced by Sq‐OOH treatment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:150–158, 2001
Nitroxide TEMPOL impairs mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis in HL60 cells
Authors: Monti Elena , Supino Rosanna , Colleoni Mariapia , Costa Barbara , Ravizza Raffaella , Gariboldi Marzia B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe piperidine nitroxide TEMPOL induces apoptosis in a number of tumor cell lines through free radical‐dependent mechanisms. As mitochondria play a major role in apoptosis as both source and target for free radicals, the present study focuses on mitochondrial effects of TEMPOL in a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL‐60). On 24‐h exposure to TEMPOL, the following alterations were observed: 1) decrease in both the intracellular and mitochondrial glutathione pools; 2) impairment of oxidative phosphorylation; and 3) decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, TEMPOL was found to specifically target complex I of the respiratory chain, with minor effects on complexes II and IV, suggesting that mitochondrial effects might play a role in TEMPOL‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and that TEMPOL might sensitize tumor cells to the pro‐apoptotic effects of cytotoxic agents. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 271–276, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.