bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as an imaging marker of cardiac repair-associated processes using NS14490
Authors: Reid Victoria J. M. , McLoughlin Wesley K. X. , Pandya Kalyani , Stott Holly , Iškauskienė Monika , Šačkus Algirdas , Marti Judit A. , Kurian Dominic , Wishart Thomas M. , Lucatelli Christophe , Peters Dan , Gray Gillian A. , Baker Andrew H. , Newby David E. , Hadoke Patrick W. F. , Tavares Adriana A. S. , MacAskill Mark G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiac repair and remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is a multifactorial process involving pro-reparative inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Noninvasive imaging using a radiotracer targeting these processes could be used to elucidate cardiac wound healing mechanisms. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (ɑ7nAChR) stimulates pro-reparative macrophage activity and angiogenesis, making it a potential imaging biomarker in this context. We investigated this by assessing in vitro cellular expression of ɑ7nAChR, and by using a tritiated version of the PET radiotracer [18F]NS14490 in tissue autoradiography studies.

Results
ɑ7nAChR expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages and vascular cells showed the highest relative expression was within macrophages, but only endothelial cells exhibited a proliferation and hypoxia-driven increase in expression. Using a mouse model of inflammatory angiogenesis following sponge implantation, specific binding of [3H]NS14490 increased from 3.6 ± 0.2 µCi/g at day 3 post-implantation to 4.9 ± 0.2 µCi/g at day 7 (n = 4, P < 0.01), followed by a reduction at days 14 and 21. This peak matched the onset of vessel formation, macrophage infiltration and sponge fibrovascular encapsulation. In a rat MI model, specific binding of [3H]NS14490 was low in sham and remote MI myocardium. Specific binding within the infarct increased from day 14 post-MI (33.8 ± 14.1 µCi/g, P ≤ 0.01 versus sham), peaking at day 28 (48.9 ± 5.1 µCi/g, P ≤ 0.0001 versus sham). Histological and proteomic profiling of ɑ7nAChR positive tissue revealed strong associations between ɑ7nAChR and extracellular matrix deposition, and rat cardiac fibroblasts expressed ɑ7nAChR protein under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion
ɑ7nAChR is highly expressed in human macrophages and showed proliferation and hypoxia-driven expression in human endothelial cells. While NS14490 imaging displays a pattern that coincides with vessel formation, macrophage infiltration and fibrovascular encapsulation in the sponge model, this is not the case in the MI model where the ɑ7nAChR imaging signal was strongly associated with extracellular matrix deposition which could be explained by ɑ7nAChR expression in fibroblasts. Overall, these findings support the involvement of ɑ7nAChR across several processes central to cardiac repair, with fibrosis most closely associated with ɑ7nAChR following MI.
Enoxaparin for VTE thromboprophylaxis during inpatient rehabilitation care: assessment of the standard fixed dosing regimen
Authors: Haim Amir , Avnery Orli , Rubin-Asher Deborah , Amir Hagay , Hashem Kaifa , Zvi Harel Ben , Ratmansky Motti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to examine the efficiency of fixed daily dose enoxaparin (40 mg) thromboprophylaxis strategy for patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.MethodsThis was an observational, prospective, cohort study that included 63 hospitalized patients undergoing rehabilitative treatment following sub-acute ischemic stroke (SAIS) or spinal cord injury (SCI), with an indication for thromboprophylaxis. Anti-Xa level measured three hours post-drug administration (following three consecutive days of enoxaparin treatment or more) was utilised to assess in vivo enoxaparin activity. An anti-Xa level between 0.2-0.5 U/ml was considered evidence of effective antithrombotic activity.ResultsWe found sub-prophylactic levels of anti-Xa (<0.2 U/ml) in 19% (12/63). Results were within the recommended prophylactic range (0.2-0.5 U/ml) in 73% (46/63) and were supra-prophylactic (>0.5 U/ml) in 7.9% (5/63) of patients. Anti-Xa levels were found to inversely correlate with patients’ weight and renal function as defined by creatinine clearance (CrCl) (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur study confirmed that a one-size-fits-all approach for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis may be inadequate for rehabilitation patient populations. The efficacy of fixed-dose enoxaparin prophylaxis is limited and may be influenced by renal function and weight. This study suggests that anti-Xa studies and prophylactic enoxaparin dose adjustments should be considered in certain patients, such as those who are underweight, overweight and or have suboptimal renal function.Trial registrationNo. NCT103593291, registered August 2018.
Comprehensive study and scientific process to increase the accuracy in estimating the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing SWCNTs and CuO nanoparticles using an artificial neural network
Authors: Esfe Mohammad Hemmat , Amoozad Fatemeh , Hatami Hossein , Toghraie Davood 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis investigation aimed to evaluate the thermal conductivity ratio (TCR) of SWCNT-CuO/Water nanofluid (NF) using experimental data in the T range of 28–50 ℃ and solid volume fraction range of SVF = 0.03 to 1.15% by an artificial neural network (ANN). MLP network with Lundberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was utilized to predict data (TCR) by ANN. In the best case, from the set of various structures of ANN for this nanofluid, the optimal structure was chosen, which consists of 2 hidden layers, the first layer with the optimal structure consisting of 5 neurons and the second layer containing 7 neurons. Eventually, for the optimal structure, the R2 coefficient and MSE are 0.9999029 and 6.33377E-06, respectively. Based on all ANN information, MOD is in a limited area of − 3% < MOD <  + 3%. Comparison of test, correlation yield, and ANN yield display that ANN evaluates laboratory information more exactly.
Face-to-face vs. blended learning in higher education: a quantitative analysis of biological science student outcomes
Authors: Harper Claire V. , McCormick Lucy M. , Marron Linda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused a rapid seismic shift to online delivery in otherwise face-to-face higher education settings worldwide. This quantitative research study sought to investigate the effect of different delivery styles and assessment types on student outcomes. Specifically, grades achieved by first year undergraduate Biological Science students at a UK Higher Education institution were compared from seven modules across two different academic years, namely 2018–2019 and 2020–2021. The academic year 2018–2019 was delivered in the traditional face-to-face manner whereas the 2020–2021 method of delivery was via blended learning. The results showed that four of the seven modules were negatively affected by the transition from face-to-face to blended delivery (p < 0.05, T-test). One module was unaffected (p > 0.05, T-test) and the remaining two modules were positively affected (p < 0.05, T-test). However, the percentage of students requiring reassessments increased with blended learning delivery although this was not significant (p < 0.05, T-test). In summary, the majority of individual module marks decreased with blended learning compared to face-to-face delivery, with an associated increase in required reassessments. Although there are positive benefits to incorporating an element of online learning for students, it is important to utilise this information in future module delivery planning to support the varying student cohorts of the future.
Enhancing forensic education: exploring the importance and implementation of evidence-based education system
Authors: Nilendu Debesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis manuscript explores the importance of an evidence-based education system in forensic education and its implications for improving forensic training and practice.Background The demand for graduates in forensic science, equipped with knowledge aligned with the latest best practices, is increasingly critical not only on a national scale but also in the global context. Incidents and trends underscore the urgency of implementing evidence-based education in forensic science, ensuring that the next generation of professionals is prepared to address complex crime scenes and challenges.Body Collaboration between academia and practicing professionals is essential to keep forensic education relevant and responsive to the dynamic field's needs. An illustrative example of successful collaboration can be seen in the partnership between then India's "National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (NICFS)" and the "Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)." This collaboration has significantly enhanced forensic education in India, with joint initiatives bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application.In the realm of faculty development and training, effective strategies and programs have significantly enhanced faculty skills and knowledge in forensic science. For example, immersive workshops and mentorship programs provide educators with practical experience and keep them updated on the latest forensic techniques. Online courses and webinars further facilitate ongoing professional development, expanding educators' expertise.Turning to the evidence-based education scenario in India, recent developments highlight substantial progress. Collaborations between Indian forensic institutions and international bodies have enriched curricula and enhanced training methodologies. India is well-positioned to meet the growing demands of the forensic science field with a cadre of highly skilled professionals.Evidence-based education in forensic science acts as a bridge between academia and practice, enhancing training and the practice's quality. Collaborations, faculty development, and the adoption of global best practices ensure graduates are well-prepared to navigate the complexities of real-world forensic scenarios.Conclusion By adopting evidence-based principles, addressing challenges, and implementing strategies, forensic education prepares professionals for successful careers in the field. Beyond its immediate impact, evidence-based education holds the potential to contribute to the broader justice system and enhance public trust. Through a well-prepared workforce equipped with critical thinking and problem-solving skills, evidence-based forensic education not only empowers practitioners but also fosters greater confidence in the reliability and integrity of forensic science within society.
A Cost and Waste-Savings Comparison Between Single-Use and Reusable Pulse Oximetry Sensors Across US Operating Rooms
Authors: Stockert Emily Walker , Carvalho Brendan , Sun Eric C. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Operating room (OR) expenditures and waste generation are a priority, with several professional societies recommending the use of reprocessed or reusable equipment where feasible. The aim of this analysis was to compare single-use pulse oximetry sensor stickers (“single-use stickers”) versus reusable pulse oximetry sensor clips (“reusable clips”) in terms of annual cost savings and waste generation across all ORs nationally.

METHODS:
This study did not involve patient data or research on human subjects. As such, it did not meet the requirements for institutional review board approval. An economic model was used to compare the relative costs and waste generation from using single-use stickers versus reusable clips. This model took into account: (1) the relative prices of single-use stickers and reusable clips, (2) the number of surgeries and ORs nationwide, (3) the workload burden of cleaning the reusable clips, and (4) the costs of capital for single-use stickers and reusable clips. In addition, we also estimated differences in waste production based on the raw weight plus unit packaging of single-use stickers and reusable clips that would be disposed of over the course of the year, without any recycling interventions. Estimated savings were rounded to the nearest $0.1 million.

RESULTS:
The national net annual savings of transitioning from single-use stickers to reusable clips in all ORs ranged from $510.5 million (conservative state) to $519.3 million (favorable state). Variability in savings estimates is driven by scenario planning for replacement rate of reusable clips, workload burden of cleaning (ranging from an additional expense of $618k versus a cost savings of $309k), and cost of capital—interest gained on investment of capital that is freed up by the monetary savings of a transition to reusable clips contributes between $541k (low-interest rates of 2.85%) and $1.3 million (high-interest rates of 7.08%). The annual waste that could be diverted from landfill by transitioning to reusable clips was found to be between 587 tons (conservative state) up to 589 tons (favorable state). If institutions need to purchase new vendor monitors or cables to make the transition, that may increase the 1-time capital disbursement.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using reusable clips versus single-use stickers across all ORs nationally would result in appreciable annual cost savings and waste generation reduction impact. As both single-use stickers and reusable clips are equally accurate and reliable, this cost and waste savings could be instituted without a compromise in clinical care.
Who Cares? Unpaid Caregiving by Sexual Identity, Gender, and Partnership Status Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Zhang Zhe (Meredith) , Smith-Johnson Madeline , Gorman Bridget K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recent scholarship indicates that sexual minority adults have higher caregiving rates than heterosexuals and that women are more likely to be caregivers than men. However, little research has addressed how gender and sexuality intersect in shaping caregiving status. This study uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and aggregates a probability-based sample of adults living in 36 U.S. states between 2015 and 2021. We examine who provides care among adult heterosexual, lesbian, gay, and bisexual men and women. Results reveal that women are more likely to be caregivers than men, but only among heterosexuals. We find little variation in caregiving by sexuality among women, but bisexual men are more likely than heterosexual men to be caregivers; the latter result appears to be driven by unpartnered, bisexual men. Lastly, we contextualize caregivers’ experiences and reveal selected descriptive differences in patterns of care recipient–caregiver relationships across gender and sexual identity groups. Our findings advance understanding of caregiving and changing family ties in an era of population aging and increasing diversity in sexual identities.
Concomitant Traumatic Brain Injury Delays Surgery in Patients With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Azad Tej D. , Raj Divyaansh , Ran Kathleen R. , Vattipally Vikas N. , Warman Anmol , Raad Micheal , Williams John R. , Lubelski Daniel , Haut Elliott R. , Suarez Jose I. , Bydon Ali , Witham Timothy F. , Witiw Christopher D. , Theodore Nicholas , Byrne James P. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Growing evidence supports prompt surgical decompression for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Rates of concomitant tSCI and traumatic brain injury (TBI) range from 10% to 30%. Concomitant TBI may delay tSCI diagnosis and surgical intervention. Little is known about real-world management of this common injury constellation that carries significant clinical consequences. This study aimed to quantify the impact of concomitant TBI on surgical timing in a national cohort of patients with tSCI.

METHODS:
Patient data were obtained from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2016). Patients admitted for tSCI and who received surgical intervention were included. Delayed surgical intervention was defined as surgery after 24 hours of admission. Multivariable hierarchical regression models were constructed to measure the risk-adjusted association between concomitant TBI and delayed surgical intervention. Secondary outcome included favorable discharge status.

RESULTS:
We identified 14 964 patients with surgically managed tSCI across 377 North American trauma centers, of whom 2444 (16.3%) had concomitant TBI and 4610 (30.8%) had central cord syndrome (CCS). The median time to surgery was 20.0 hours for patients without concomitant TBI and 24.8 hours for patients with concomitant TBI. Hierarchical regression modeling revealed that concomitant TBI was independently associated with delayed surgery in patients with tSCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6). Although CCS was associated with delayed surgery (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7), we did not observe a significant interaction between concomitant TBI and CCS. In the subset of patients with concomitant tSCI and TBI, patients with severe TBI were significantly more likely to experience a surgical delay than patients with mild TBI (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9).

CONCLUSION:
Concomitant TBI delays surgical management for patients with tSCI. This effect is largest for patients with tSCI with severe TBI. These findings should serve to increase awareness of concomitant TBI and tSCI and the likelihood that this may delay time-sensitive surgery.
Microvascular angina – an abstruse path to diagnose and to treat – a review of literature
Authors: Matuszewska Urszula , Nykowska Aleksandra , Beutler Katarzyna , Bijata Bartosz , Burek Dawid , Paszkowska Aleksandra , Kujawa Aleksandra 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Chronic coronary syndrome is predominantly related to the atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary artery or arteries. However, this phenomenon is not the only causative factor in this disease. It is usually forgotten, that there is a possibility of ischemia of the cardiac muscle with no obstruction found in the main vessel. The trigger of such pathology might be underlying in the microcirculatory system and the inappropriate dilation or constriction of those small vessels, which results in insufficient blood supply to the cardiomyocytes, similarly to the typical obstructive coronary artery disease. In this article we are willing to show that such dysfunction poses a great danger to the health and life and therefore we should be able to properly diagnose and treat it.
Purpose of the work: The aim of this review of up-to-date literature is to raise awareness among both doctors and patients about the phenomenon of coronary artery disease but with no significant obstruction in the vessels supplying the cardiac muscle. The common cause of such condition is coronary microvascular dysfunction, that leads to a disease called microvascular angina. Our purpose was to reveal, how dangerous to the health of the patients this could be and therefore how essential it is to provide a proper diagnose and management. In addition, we have noticed a need for a summary of what has already been discovered on this topic, available therapeutic methods and future perspectives.
Case Article—Digitizing Spare Parts Supply Chain via 3D Printing: An Operational Cost Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yue , McCall William , Song Jing-Sheng 
Published: January 2024

The case presents a sourcing problem and a manufacturing problem faced by an original equipment manufacturer, seeking recommendations for sourcing a diverse range of parts for high-voltage equipment, as well as making decisions on the manufacturing strategy for a component used in a water monitoring system. The case provides an opportunity to explore the qualitative and quantitative aspects of three-dimensional (3D) printing versus traditional manufacturing, specifically in terms of operational cost. Furthermore, this case facilitates discussions on the potential impact of 3D printing on supply chains. It is suitable for use in graduate and undergraduate courses, as it introduces key concepts such as manufacturing and inventory policies, queueing theory, and life cycle analysis. Ultimately, the case is designed to promote a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that manufacturers face in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape. Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note and supplemental data are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Use of a collagen-elastin matrix with split-thickness skin graft for defect coverage in complex wounds
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Taqatqeh Feras , Matschke Jan , Bota Olimpiu , Dragu Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Severe soft tissue damage with destruction of the dermis requires plastic reconstructive treatment. For multimorbid patients or patients unable to undergo major reconstructive surgery, use of dermal substitutes, such as a collagen-elastin matrix (CEM) with a split-thickness skin graft (STSG), instead of local or free flap surgery, may be a valid and easy treatment option. We aimed to investigate and compare the outcomes and rate of successful defect reconstruction using CEM plus STSG, using either a one-step approach (simultaneous CEM and STSG) or a two-step approach (CEM and negative wound pressure therapy (NPWT), with secondary STSG transplantation). Method: A single-centre, retrospective follow-up study of patients who had received CEM was conducted. Wounds had been treated with an STSG transplantation covering a CEM (MatriDerm, MedSkin Solutions Dr. Suwelack AG, Germany). Previous attempts at wound closure with conventional methods had failed in the selected patient population, which would usually have resulted in flap surgery. Results: Overall, 46 patients were included (mean age 60.9±20.0 years), with a total of 49 wound sites. We analysed 38 patients with wounds that did not require flap coverage; 18 patients received the one-step approach and 20 patients received the two-step approach. The mean follow-up in these patients was 22±11.5 months, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Overall, 29 (78.4%) wounds remained closed. Wounds which did not successfully heal were related to comorbidities, such as diabetes, alcohol misuse and smoking. Using the one-step approach, long-term defect coverage was achieved in 13 (76.5%) wounds and 16 (80.0%) wounds were closed using the two-step approach. However, there was no statistically significant differences between the one- or two-step approaches regarding the rate of development of a wound healing disorder. Conclusion: Wound closure was achieved in 38 complex wounds using CEM plus STSG, while 11 wounds needed secondary flap coverage. In the flap-free wounds, there were no statistically significant differences between the one-step versus two-step approach. Using a simple defect reconstruction algorithm, we successfully used CEM plus STSG to treat complex wounds.