bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes require transcription for infiltration but not target cell lysis
Authors: Richard Arianne C , Ma Claire Y , Marioni John C , Griffiths Gillian M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for ridding the body of infected or cancerous cells. CTL T cell receptor (TCR) ligation not only drives the delivery and release of cytolytic granules but also initiates a new wave of transcription. In order to address whether TCR‐induced transcriptomic changes impact the ability of CTLs to kill, we asked which genes are expressed immediately after CTLs encounter targets and how CTL responses change when inhibiting transcription. Our data demonstrate that while expression of cytokines/chemokines and transcriptional machinery depend on transcription, cytotoxic protein expression and cytolytic activity are relatively robust to transcription blockade, with CTLs lysing nearby target cells for several hours after actinomycin D treatment. Monitoring CTL movement among target cells after inhibiting transcription demonstrates an infiltration defect that is not rectified by provision of exogenous cytokine/chemokine gradients, indicating a cell‐intrinsic transcriptional requirement for infiltration. Together, our results reveal differential molecular control of CTL functions, separating recruitment and infiltration from cytolysis.
Pengembangan Model Mallet Woodball untuk Pemula
Authors: Wahid Abdurrohman , Winarno Imam Santosa Ciptaning Wahyu 
Published: October 2023

Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana alat (mallet) woodball. Hal ini karena belum tersedianya pembuat alat woodball di daerah Sidareja, sehingga alat sulit didapatkan serta harga alat menjadi mahal. Dari permasalahan tersebut diperlukan sebuah solusi yang tepat yaitu dengan membuat sebuah inovasi pengembangan terhadap alat woodball. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan olahraga woodball melalui pengembangan model Mallet woodball untuk pemula.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (RnD) model Borg and Gall yaitu: (1) penelitian pendahuluan, pengumpulan informasi potensi dan analisis masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, (5) revisi desain, (6) uji coba skala kecil, (7) revisi produk, (8) uji coba skala besar, (9) revisi produk, (10) produk massal Instrumen penelitian menggunakan evaluasi, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Hasil validasi produk awal oleh ahli woodball dan ahli kayu rata-rata 77% dengan kategori penilaian (Baik). Hasil penilaian setelah uji coba skala kecil sebesar 82% dengan kategori (Sangat Baik). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh bahwa pengembangan model woodball mallet untuk pemula baik digunakan untuk bermain maupun berlatih woodball. Peneliti berharap produk pengembangan ini berguna untuk perkembangan woodball kedepannya. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan pengembangan yang lebih bervariasi agar semakin berkembang dengan baik.
The Effect of Push Up Exercises and Rubber Springs on the Speed of Punching Gyaku Tsuki Dojo Bkc Kelet Jepara Regency
Authors: Sinaga Rismelita Septursul , Setiawan Ipang 
Published: October 2023

In karate matches, a punch is needed to attack your opponent or counter your opponent's attack. Gyaku tzuki is a straight punch attack aimed at the solar plexus which is opposite to the steps of the horses. Efforts to increase hand speed can be done with various kinds of exercises, for example training the speed of gyaku tsuki strokes using push ups and rubber springs.
This research uses an experimental type. The design used in this study is the One-Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. The population on the research amounted to 10 athletes karate dojo BKC Keling. The sample in this research was 10 karate dojo BKC Keling Jepara district. The sampling technique used a total sampling technique.
The results of this study indicate that the mean of the pretest data is 14.80, and the mean value of the posttest data is 22.60. As well as the table Paired Samples Correlations Sig value. is 0.236 or 23.6%, then there is a relationship between the pretest and posttest values of push-ups and rubber springs on the speed of the gyaku tsuki punch. The pretest percentage is 39.57% and the posttest percentage value is 60.43%.
Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an effect of push-up exercises and rubber springs on the speed of the gyaku tsuki punch. The percentage of the effect of push-ups and rubber springs on the speed of the gyaku tsuki punch, namely the pretest 39.57% and the posttest 60.43%. The writer's suggestions for research 1) For trainers to increase the speed of gyaku tsuki punches with push-ups and rubber springs. 2) For athletes to have good and fast gyaku tsuki punch speed, it is necessary to increase training with push-ups and rubber springs to train muscle strength so that they have strong speed and punch.
Predicting Lead-Time RSV-Related Pediatric Hospitalizations From Historic Google Trend Search
Authors: Bhatt Parth , Parmar Narendrasinh , Parekh Tarang , Pemmasani Sahithi , Shaikh Nadia , Boateng Angela Jochebed , Donda Keyur , Doshi Harshit , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes seasonal outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in children, leading to increased emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Although the risk of severe illnesses difficult to predict, the sudden surge in RSV may strain the health care system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the utility of Google Trends search activity on RSV to predict changes in RSV-related hospitalizations in children in the United States in 2019.

METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric hospitalization was conducted using the 2019 HCUP-Kids Inpatient Database. Google Trends search activity for “RSV” was abstracted as a monthly relative interest score for 2019. RSV-related hospitalizations were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9/10 codes. We applied finite distributed lag models to estimate the causal effect over time of historical relative search activity and long-run propensity to calculate the cumulative effect of changes in relative search activity on admission rate.

RESULTS
Of the total 102 127 RSV-related pediatric hospitalizations, 90% were in those aged ≤2 years. Admissions were common in males (55%), non-Hispanic Whites (50%), and South region (39%). Across 2o successive months, the cumulative effect of a 1-unit score increase in relative interest was associated with an increase of 140.7 (95% confidence interval, 96.2–185.2; P &lt; .05) RSV-related admissions.

CONCLUSIONS
Historic Google Trends search activity for RSV predicts lead-time RSV-related pediatric hospitalization. Further studies are needed to validate these findings using regional health systems.
CREDIBILISTIC ROBUST ONLINE FUZZY CLUSTERING IN DATA STREAM MINING TASKS
Authors: Shafronenko A. Yu. , Kasatkina N. V. , Bodyanskiy Ye. V. , Shafronenko Ye. O. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The task of clustering-classification without a teacher of data arrays occupies an important place in the general problem of Data Mining, and for its solution there exists currently many approaches, methods and algorithms. There are quite a lot of situations where the real data to be clustered are corrupted with anomalous outliers or disturbances with non-Gaussian distributions. It is clear that “classical” methods of artificial intelligence (both batch and online) are ineffective in this situation. The goal of the paper is to develop a credibilistic robust online fuzzy clustering method that combines the advantages of credibilistic and robust approaches in fuzzy clustering tasks.
Objective. The goal of the work is online credibilistic fuzzy clustering of distorted data, using of credibility theory in data stream mining.
Method. The procedure of fuzzy clustering of data using credibilistic approach based on the use of both robust goal functions of a special type, insensitive to outliers and designed to work both in batch and its recurrent online version designed to solve Data Stream Mining problems when data are fed to processing sequentially in real time.
Results. Analyzing the obtained results overall accuracy of clustering methods and algorithm, proposed method similar with result of credibilistic fuzzy clustering method, but has time superiority regardless of the number observations that fed on clustering process.
Conclusions. The problem of fuzzy clustering of data streams contaminated by anomalous non-Gaussian distributions is considered. A recurrent credibilistic online algorithm based on the objective function of a special form is introduced, which suppresses these outliers by using the hyperbolic tangent function, which, in addition to neural networks, is used in robust estimation tasks. The proposed algorithm is quite simple in numerical implementation and is a generalization of some well-known online fuzzy clustering procedures intended for solving Data Stream Mining problems.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF FORMING THE EDUCATIONAL NETWORK OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Danshyna S. Yu. , Nechausov A. S. 
Published: October 2023

Context. Local government organizations have significant decision-making power in the field of education. This requires the development of understandable tools that help form a network of educational institutions that provide high-quality educational services. The object of the study was the process of forming an educational network (ENW) of the community in the implementation of territorial development projects as part of the reform of local self-government.
Objective. The goal of the work is to increase objectivity of decisions made in the formation of the ENW territorial community, summarizing demographic, infrastructural, personnel, economic factors when choosing the location of ENW facilities.
Method. The study of the classical placement problem and its further adaptation to real problems arising from the implementation of the education reform made it possible to represent ENW territorial communities as a set of independent complete bipartite graphs. In this case, to solve the problem of choosing the location of an educational institution on the network, an information technology (IT) was developed to form an ENW territorial community. Based on the adapted p-median model and methods of geospatial analysis, generalizing the requirements of the current legislation, a set of input and output parameters of IT and a set of its operations are formed. The representation of the IT structure in the form of an IDEF0-model clearly explains how a combination of various factors is processed and generalized when making decisions while creating ENW and looking for ways to improve it.
Results. The developed IT was investigated in solving the problem of forming a network of lyceums in the Kharkiv region using geospatial information, open statistical data and data on lyceums. The proposed accommodation options make it possible to achieve a general level of accessibility of specialized secondary education of almost 94%. IT has additional tools for solving the problems of transporting students to the place of study and home.
Conclusions. The experiments carried out confirmed the operability of the proposed IT. The generalization of the results obtained makes it possible to recommend it for practical use in solving the problems of analyzing the current state of ENW, finding ways to improve it and possible directions for development, as well as evaluating solutions related to the spatial planning of ENW.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH INTERFERENCE INTENSITY
Authors: Khandetskyi V. S. , Gerasimov V. V. , Karpenko N. V. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The decrease in the probability of successful frame transmission in the infrastructure domain of IEEE 802.11 DCF wireless network is caused both by the influence of the collision intensity and by the impact of external interference in the radio path. Using the Markov chain approach as a baseline, we explicitly expressed the dependence of the network throughput on the number of operating stations, bit error rate (BER), and the frame fragmentation factor.
Objective. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of interference intensity on the throughput of a wireless network domain in a wide range of the number of operating stations when transmitting frames of various lengths in the absence and with the use of the fragmentation mechanism.
Method. The performed mathematical modelling showed, that in the range of increased and high noise intensity (BER = 10–5 – 10–4), a decrease in the length of the frame data field from the standard length of 12000 bits to 3000 bits is accompanied by a decrease in the throughput for all values of the number of competing stations. At the same time, it must be noted that as the amount of the frame data decreases, the throughput becomes less susceptible to an increase in the noise intensity. Qualitatively different results are obtained in the region of very high interference intensity (BER = 2·10–4). A significant increase in the probability of frame transmission in this region observed with a decrease in the standard length of the frame data field by 2–3 times, made it possible to increase the throughput compared to the original one. This effect is especially pronounced when the length is halved.
Results. The study of the standard frame transmitting process, but with a fragmented data field, showed that if for BER = 5·10–5 and less with an increase in fragmentation factor, the throughput values decrease, in the entire range of the number of stations due to the predominant increase in overhead costs, then in the region of high (BER = 10–4) and very high noise intensity (BER = 2·10–4) we have the opposite effect. To the greatest extent, the throughput increases when the frame data is transmitted in two equal fragments. We have made a comparison of the network throughput determined by simply reducing the length of the frame data field and using fragmentation of a standard frame. The comparison showed that the use of the fragmentation mechanism is more beneficial both when throughput is stabilized under conditions of increased noise intensity and when the throughput is increased under conditions of high and very high noise intensity.
Conclusions. In this article, a mathematical model has been modified for direct calculation of the wireless network throughput. Using this model, we studied the changes in throughput over a wide range of BER and a number of operation stations for various values of the transmitted frame fragmentation factor. The conditions for increasing the throughput are determined.
APPLICATION OF BLOW-UP THEORY TO DETERMINE THE SERVICE LIFE OF SMALL-SERIES AND SINGLE ITEMS
Authors: Nahornyi V. V. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The actual task of developing a method for determining the service life of small-series and single items based on the blow-up modes theory has been solved.
Objective. Application of the blow-up theory in conditions where there are no statistical data on the dynamics of behaviour during the operation of small-series and single items.
Method. To determine the service life of a particular product manufactured in large series, information obtained for a set of similar products of the same type is used. This information is based on numerous experiments, mathematical statistics and probability theory. When operating small-series and single items, such information is not available. In this case, it is necessary to determine the individual resource of an individual product based on the results of an analysis of its behaviour in the past. The method presented in the article is based on the application for such an analysis of the method used when considering systems operating in blow-up mode. The essence of the technique is to extract the periodic component from the temporal realization of the control parameter. This component is modelled by a Fourier series consisting of log-periodic functions. The main coefficients of these functions are the time equal to the operating time of the product until the end of its service life.
Results. The method under consideration has been successfully tested in determining the service life of the transport-dumping bridge, related to products that are actually single items.
Conclusions. An analysis of the experimental data on the behaviour of the load-bearing elements of a transport-dump bridge confirms the assumption about the behaviour of the bridge structure as a system operating in a blow-up mode. This made it possible to determine in advance the service life of the power units of the bridge and obtain the result directly in units of time, without requiring information about the maximum permissible value of the controlled parameter to obtain this information.
For the first time, the possibility is shown to consider the behaviour of small-series and single items as dynamic systems operating in a blow-up mode.
Practical significance. A solution to the topical problem of determining the service life of small-series and single items is proposed.
GROWING TREE METHOD FOR OPTIMISATION OF MULTIFACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Koshovyi M. D. , Pylypenko O. T. , Ilyina I. V. , Tokarev V. V. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The task of planning multifactorial experiments is important in science and industrial production. In the context of competition, rising costs, and increasing efficiency, it is necessary to optimize plans for multifactorial experiments in terms of cost and time. To solve this problem, there are a number of approaches and methods, the choice of which for a competitive technical task is an important and difficult task. In this regard, there is a need to develop new methods for optimizing the cost (time) of multifactorial experiment plans, compare them with existing methods, and give recommendations for practical application in the study of real objects.
Objective. The purpose of the study is to develop and test the method of growing trees, to evaluate its effectiveness in comparison with other methods. The following tasks has been solved to achieve this goal: the proposed method of growing trees has been implemented in the form of software; the method has been used to optimize plans for multifactorial experiments in the study of real objects; its effectiveness has been evaluated in comparison with other methods; recommendations for its use were given.
Method. The proposed method of growing trees is based on the application of graph theory. The advantage of the method is the reduction of time for solving optimization problems related to the construction of optimal plans for multifactorial experiments in terms of cost (time) expenses. Another characteristic feature is the high accuracy of solving optimization problems.
Results. The results of experiments and comparisons with other optimization methods confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method and allow us to recommend it for the study of objects with the number of significant factors k ≤ 7. It is promising to further expand the range of scientific and industrial objects for their study using this method.
Conclusions. A growing tree method has been developed for the optimization of multifactorial experimental plans in terms of cost and time expenditures, along with software that implements it using the Angular framework and the TypeScript programming language.
The effectiveness of the growing tree method is shown in comparison with the following methods: complete and limited enumeration, monkey search, modified Gray code application, and bacterial optimization. The growing tree method is faster than complete enumeration and can be applied to optimize multifactorial experimental plans in terms of cost (time) expenses for objects with a number of factors k ≤ 7. In solving optimization problems, the method of growing trees gives better results compared to monkey search, limited enumeration and bacterial optimization.
Principles of pharmacological therapy of comorbid diseases in patients with orthopedic pathology
Authors: Prytula Nataliya , Fedotova Inga , Korzh Iryna 
Published: October 2023

Comorbidity is one of the leading problems in clinical practice. Interaction of diseases, involutive processes of natural aging and pathomorphosis of drugs significantly change clinical picture and course of the disease, the nature and severity of complications, limit or complicate the treatment and diagnostic process. Objective. To analyze current information on available recommendations for the treatment of comorbid diseases in patients with orthopedic pathology. Materials. An overview of the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology, European Society of Hypertension, European Society for Vascular Surgery, Ukrainian Gastroenterological Association and American Diabetes Association for the period 2017–2019 is presented. Results. The first stage in the treatment of arterial hypertension is the lifestyle optimization, and the initial therapy of most patients with hypertension should be a combination of two drugs. Management of patients with lower extremity artery disease is associated with an increased risk of any cardiovascular events. Therefore, preventive measures are of particular importance. Gastropathies induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widespread in orthopedic practice. In the prevention of their occurrence, a well-chosen gastroprotective therapy is important. Once the diagnosis of diabetes is made, lifestyle modification should be started immediately along with the start of pharmacotherapy. Metformin remains the first-line drug for treatment, drugs of other groups can be prescribed when there are contraindications to metformin. In the treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetes or pre-diabetes, only pharmacological treatment strategies are effective. Conclusions. In most cases, a number of comorbidities with timely diagnosis and compliance with the algorithms of medical care can be corrected and treated. Properly selected conservative therapy can reduce the risk of peri- and postoperative complications.