bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐Endcapping of Hyperbranched Polymers toward Intrinsically Stretchable Semiconductors with Good Ductility and Carrier Mobility
Authors: Zhou Zhaoqiong , Luo Nan , Cui Tianqiang , Luo Liang , Pu Mingrui , Wang Ying , He Feng , Jia Chunyang , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Hao‐Li , Liu Zitong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe advancement of semiconducting polymers stands as a pivotal milestone in the quest to realize wearable electronics. Nonetheless, endowing semiconductor polymers with stretchability without compromising their carrier mobility remains a formidable challenge. This study proposes a “pre‐endcapping” strategy for synthesizing hyperbranched semiconducting polymers (HBSPs), aiming to achieve the balance between carrier mobility and stretchability for organic electronics. The findings unveil that the aggregates formed by the endcapped hyperbranched network structure not only ensure efficient charge transport but also demonstrate superior tensile resistance. In comparison to linear conjugated polymers, HBSPs exhibit substantially larger crack onset strains and notably diminished tensile moduli. It is evident that the HBSPs surpass their linear counterparts in terms of both their semiconducting and mechanical properties. Among HBSPs, HBSP‐72h‐2.5 stands out as the preeminent candidate within the field of inherently stretchable semiconducting polymers, maintaining 93% of its initial mobility even when subjected to 100% strain (1.41 ± 0.206 cm2 V−1 s−1). Furthermore, thin film devices of HBSP‐72h‐2.5 remain stable after undergoing repeated stretching and releasing cycles. Notably, the mobilities are independent of the stretching directions, showing isotropic charge transport behavior. The preliminary study makes this “pre‐endcapping” strategy a potential candidate for the future design of organic materials for flexible electronic devices.
Synergy of Dendrites‐Impeded Atomic Clusters Dissociation and Side Reactions Suppressed Inert Interface Protection for Ultrastable Zn Anode
Authors: Tian Xiaomeng , Zhao Qin , Zhou Mengmeng , Huang Xinjun , Sun Ying , Duan Xiaoguang , Zhang Lei , Li Hui , Su Dawei , Jia Baohua , Ma Tianyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sluggish ions‐transfer and inhomogeneous ions‐nucleation induce the formation of randomly oriented dendrites on Zn anode, while the chemical instability at anode–electrolyte interface triggers detrimental side reactions. Herein, this report in situ designs a multifunctional hybrid interphase of Bi/Bi2O3, for the first time resulting in a novel synergistic regulation mechanism involving: (i) chemically inert interface protection mechanism suppresses side reactions; and more fantastically, (ii) innovative thermodynamically favorable Zn atomic clusters dissociation mechanism impedes dendrites formation. Assisted by collaborative modulation behavior, the Zn@Bi/Bi2O3 symmetry cell delivers an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity of 1.88 Ah cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2 and ultralong lifetimes of 300 h even at high current density and depth of discharge (10 mA cm−2, DODZn: 60%). Furthermore, under a low electrolyte‐to‐capacity ratio (E/C: 45 µL mAh−1) and negative‐to‐positive capacity ratio (N/P: 6.3), Zn@Bi/Bi2O3||MnO2 full‐cell exhibits a superior capacity retention of 86.7% after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1, which outperforms most existing interphases. The scaled‐up Zn@Bi/Bi2O3||MnO2 battery module (6 V, 1 Ah), combined with the photovoltaic panel, presents excellent renewable‐energy storage ability and long output lifetime (12 h). This work provides a fantastic synergistic mechanism to achieve the ultrastable Zn anode and can be greatly promised to apply it into other metal‐based batteries.
Polarization‐Modulated Patterned Laser Sculpturing of Optical Functional Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures
Authors: Qiu Pei , Yuan Dandan , Huang Jiaxu , Li Jun , Hu Jin , Xu Shaolin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHierarchical micro/nanostructures have garnered considerable attention for their capabilities in light modulation, but the flexible fabrication of designed optical functional structures at both micro and nano scales remains challenging. Here, a polarization‐modulated patterned laser ablation method complemented by flowing liquid is proposed to fabricate hierarchical microgrooves featuring tunable cross‐sections and engraved surface nanostructures with controllable periods and orientations. The liquid‐assisted ablation counters the shielding effect of ablation debris through laser‐induced microjets, ensuring accurate control of the microgroove's shape by modulating the laser pattern in the focal plane. Simultaneously, the absence of debris also permits the consistent formation of laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) across the microgrooves. The LIPSS's period and orientation can be finely adjusted by manipulating the pulse energy and polarization within the patterned laser spot, facilitating the adaptable creation of hierarchical micro/nanostructures for optical application needs. As a demonstration, blazed gratings featuring orientation‐customized LIPSS are fabricated, which exhibit polarization‐dependent diffraction efficiency. The laser fabrication technique offers a highly versatile solution for sculpturing shape‐controllable hierarchical gratings on hard‐to‐machine materials, paving the way for the swift production of customized optical elements.
Universal Strategy with Structural and Chemical Crosslinking Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Keqing , Chang Lichun , Hou Yihui , Ji Wenzhong , Trần‐Phú Thành , Bui Anh Dinh , Mayon Azul Osorio , Wang Wei , Lem Olivier Lee Cheong , Nguyen Dang‐Thuan , Tabi Grace Dansoa , Duan Leiping , Liu Yun , Shen Heping , Yang Junliang , White Thomas P. , Catchpole Kylie R. , Weber Klaus J. , Duong The 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the limited interface contact and weak interfacial interaction, planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have space for further improvement. Herein, a structural and chemical crosslinking interface is proposed and constructed by introducing an extra layer, which blends tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles with chloride salts. Since the incorporated materials can be dissolved during the fabrication of perovskite, the quality of perovskite films is improved, leading to larger grain size and reduced trap‐state density. Also, more chloride ions at the SnO2/perovskite interface are observed and the interaction between Cl− and Sn4+ is confirmed. It results in more pronounced n‐type SnO2 with better conductivity and deeper conduction bands, leading to preferable energy level alignment between SnO2 and perovskite. Consequently, the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices increase, and target cells present better stability, retaining 98% of initial efficiencies after >10 000 h storage in dry air (≈5% relative humidity) and maintaining 85.50% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation under light. This strategy enables the achievement of 25.28% efficiency with a low bandgap (1.53 eV) perovskite composition, and it is confirmed to be universal when other related materials are utilized.
Surface Functionalization and Defect Construction of SnO2 with Amine Group for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Huo Yao , Zhang Pu , Chi Junjie , Fang Fang , Song Yun , Sun Dalin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction to hydrocarbon fuels through solar energy provides a feasible channel for reducing CO2 emission and resource depletion. Nevertheless, severe charge recombination and high energy barrier limit the CO2 reduction efficiency. Herein, a surface amine‐functionalized SnO2 with oxygen vacancies (A‐Vo‐SnO2) is fabricated to achieve visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Specifically, amino groups modified onto the surface of the catalyst can provide more active sites to promote the adsorption of CO2. Meanwhile, the synchronously induced oxygen defect level reduces the band‐gap energy and expands the light‐absorption region from UV light to visible light. The oxygen vacancies can modulate the electronic structure and work as the separation centers of spatial charges, thus promoting the interfacial charge transfer efficiency and providing more catalytic sites, as evidenced by experimental observation and theoretical calculation. As expected, this A‐Vo‐SnO2 exhibits a CH4 evolution rate of 17.27 µmol g−1 h−1 without adding sacrificial agent and co‐catalyst, much higher than 5.98 µmol g−1 h−1 of pure SnO2. This work can provide significant inspiration for the design of defect engineering based on visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts towards photocatalytic CO2 conversion.
Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of choanal atresia and stenosis in Texas, 1999–2018
Authors: Benjamin Renata H. , Marengo Lisa K. , Scheuerle Angela E. , Agopian A. J. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChoanal atresia and stenosis are common causes of congenital nasal obstruction, but their epidemiology is poorly understood. Compared to bilateral choanal atresia/stenosis, unilateral choanal atresia/stenosis is generally diagnosed later and might be under‐ascertained in birth defect registries. Data from the population‐based Texas Birth Defects Registry and Texas vital records, 1999–2018, were used to assess the prevalence of choanal atresia/stenosis. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate associations with infant and maternal characteristics in two analytic groups: isolated choanal atresia/stenosis (n = 286) and isolated, bilateral choanal atresia/stenosis (n = 105). The overall prevalence of choanal atresia/stenosis was 0.92/10,000, and the prevalence of isolated choanal atresia/stenosis was 0.37/10,000 livebirths. Variables associated with choanal atresia/stenosis in one or both analytic groups included infant sex, pregnancy plurality, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and maternal residence on the Texas–Mexico border. In general, adjusted prevalence ratios estimated from the two analytic groups were in the same direction but tended to be stronger in the analyses restricted to isolated, bilateral defects. Epidemiologic studies of isolated choanal atresia/stenosis should consider focusing on cases with bilateral defects, and prioritizing analyses of environmental, social, and structural factors that could account for the association with maternal residence on the Texas–Mexico border.
How to Rapidly Evaluate Uranium Adsorption Capacity Using Only a Portable Geiger Counter?
Authors: Bi Jingtao , Xing Siyang , Li Chengqian , Sun Mengmeng , Wu Hongqing , Zhao Yingying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of the nuclear industry has stimulated research in uranium extraction from seawater (UES) by adsorption. However, in practical applications, it's hard to equip various ion concentration measurement instruments for real‐time characterizing uranium adsorption capacity. Given the radioactive property of uranium, if only a Geiger counter is possessed, how it can be utilized to rapidly evaluate uranium adsorption in the adsorbent? This study proposes the Geiger‐Uranium‐Distance model, which establishes correlations among Geiger counter readings, uranium adsorption capacity, and distance, thereby offering a viable approach. While maintaining a constant radius for the adsorbent stack point, during the laboratory phase, the average molecular mass (MA) and the kGg(z) values of the original adsorbent are determined. In practical applications, the surrounding radiation background GE (µSv h−1) is detected. Subsequently, the Geiger counter is vertically positioned above the stacked point of adsorbent after uranium adsorption. Utilizing the measured radiation intensity value G (µSv h−1), and employing the equation , the uranium adsorption capacity Qe can be obtained.
Defect‐Repaired g‐C3N4 Nanosheets: Elevating the Efficacy of Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy Through Enhanced Charge Carrier Migration
Authors: Yang Zhuang , Yuan Meng , Cheng Ziyong , Liu Bin , Ma Zhizi , Ma Jie , Zhang Jiashi , Ma Xinyu , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) has garnered growing interest owing to its high tissue penetration depth and minimal side effects. However, the lack of efficient sonosensitizers remains the primary limiting factor for the clinical application of this treatment method. Here, defect‐repaired graphene phase carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets are prepared and utilized for enhanced SDT in anti‐tumor treatment. After defect engineering optimization, the bulk defects of g‐C3N4 are significantly reduced, resulting in higher crystallinity and exhibiting a polyheptazine imide (PHI) structure. Due to the more extended conjugated structure of PHI, facilitating faster charge transfer on the surface, it exhibits superior SDT performance for inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. This work focuses on introducing a novel carbon nitride nanomaterial as a sonosensitizer and a strategy for optimizing sonosensitizer performance by reducing bulk defects.
Descriptor‐Based Volcano Relations Predict Single Atoms for Hydroxylamine Electrosynthesis
Authors: Yang Rong , Wang Yuting , Li Hongjiao , Zhou Jin , Gao Zeyuan , Liu Cuibo , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHydroxylamine (NH2OH) is an important feedstock in fuels, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Nanostructured electrocatalysts drive green electrosynthesis of hydroxylamine from nitrogen oxide species in water. However, current electrocatalysts still suffer from low selectivity and manpower‐consuming trial‐and‐error modes, leaving unclear selectivity/activity origins and a lack of catalyst design principles. Herein, we theoretically analyze key determinants of selectivity/activity and propose the adsorption energy of NHO (Gad(*NHO)) as a performance descriptor. A weak *NH2OH binding affinity and a favorable reaction pathway (*NHO pathway) jointly enable single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with superior NH2OH selectivity. Then, an activity volcano plot of Gad(*NHO) is established to predict a series of SACs and discover Mn SACs as optimal electrocatalysts that exhibit pH‐dependent activity. These theoretical prediction results are also confirmed by experimental results, rationalizing our Gad(*NHO) descriptor. Furthermore, Mn−Co geminal‐atom catalysts (GACs) are predicted to optimize Gad(*NHO) and are experimentally proved to enhance NH2OH formation.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Macrocyclization towards Crown Ethers Using Hydroamination of Bis(allenes)
Authors: Panahi Farhad , Breit Bernhard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnantiomerically enriched crown ethers (CE) exhibit strong asymmetric induction in phase transfer catalysis, supramolecular catalysis and molecular recognition processes. Traditional methods have often been used to access these valuable compounds, which limit their diversity and consequently their applicability. Herein, a practical catalytic method is described for the gram scale synthesis of a class of chiral CEs (aza‐crown ethers; ACEs) using Rh‐catalyzed hydroamination of bis(allenes) with diamines. Using this approach, a wide range of chiral vinyl functionalized CEs with ring sizes ranging from 12 to 36 have been successfully prepared in high yields of up to 92 %, dr of up to >20 : 1 and er of up to >99 : 1. These vinyl substituted CEs allow for further diversification giving facile access to various CE derivatives as well as to their three‐dimensional analogues using ring‐closing metathesis. Some of these chiral CEs themselves display high potential for use in asymmetric catalysis.
Antenna Effect in Noble Metal‐Free Dye‐Sensitized Photocatalytic Systems Enhances CO2‐to‐CO Conversion
Authors: Nikolaou Vasilis , Govind Chinju , Balanikas Evangelos , Bharti Jaya , Diring Stéphane , Vauthey Eric , Robert Marc , Odobel Fabrice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDye‐sensitized photocatalytic systems (DSPs) have been extensively investigated for solar‐driven hydrogen (H2) evolution. However, their application in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction remains limited. Furthermore, current solar‐driven CO2‐to‐CO DSPs typically employ rhenium complexes as catalysts. In this study, we have developed DSPs that incorporate noble metal‐free components, specifically a zinc‐porphyrin as photosensitizer (PS) and a cobalt‐quaterpyridine as catalyst (CAT). Taking a significant stride forward, we have achieved an antenna effect for the first time in CO2‐to‐CO DSPs by introducing a Bodipy as an additional chromophore to enhance light harvesting efficiency. The energy transfer from Bodipy to zinc porphyrin resulted in remarkable stability (turn over number (TON)=759 vs. CAT), and high CO evolution activity (42 mmol g−1 h−1 vs. CAT).
Phosphorane‐Promoted C−C Coupling during Aryne Annulations
Authors: Kevorkian Paul V. , Sneddon Dorian S. , Ritts Casey B. , Hoye Thomas R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArynes are fleeting, high‐energy intermediates that undergo myriad trapping reactions by nucleophiles. Their unusual reactivity compared to other electrophiles can spur unexpected mechanistic pathways enroute to the formation of benzenoid products. Herein we explore a particularly unique case of thermally generated arynes reacting with phosphoranes to form helical dibenzothiophenes and ‐selenophenes. Multiple new helical polycyclic aromatic products are reported. DP4+ and X‐ray crystallographic analysis were used in tandem to confirm the structural topologies of selected products and to demonstrate the utility of DP4+ for distinguishing between isomeric polycyclic aromatic compounds. Lastly, we discuss a plausible mechanism consistent with DFT computations that accounts for the product formation; namely, ligand coupling (i.e., reductive elimination) within a hypervalent, pentacarbon‐ligated σ‐phosphorane furnishes the dibenzothio‐ or dibenzoselenophene.
Kinetic study of the reduction reaction of red mud and CO under fluidization condition
Authors: Kong Hao , Zhou Tuo , Wang Zhe , Li Chaoran , Zhang Man , Yang Hairui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPyrometallurgical method of iron recovery from red mud (RM) has advantages of simple procedures, high recovery efficiency and significant waste minimization. The fluidization reduction process using CO as reductant addresses the issues of high energy consumption and long reaction time of pyrometallurgical method. In order to optimize the operational conditions of the fluidization reduction process, it is necessary to study the reaction characteristics of RM and CO under fluidization condition. In response to the problems of the current kinetic study including the unsatisfied fluidization condition and possible errors introduced by the estimation method, we carried out improvements in both experiment and data processing. In the experiment aspect, thermo‐gravimetric analyzer (TGA) test rig with large sample capacity and gas flow was established, and approximate fluidization condition was achieved by intensifying diffusion by increasing the gas flow rate and decreasing the sample mass. In the data processing aspect, we developed a program with data cleaning and kinetic function fitting capabilities, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by Akaike information criterion (AIC). The results indicated that within the temperature range of 500–600°C and CO concentrations of 5%–15%, the reaction between RM and CO can be divided into two steps based on the criterion of complete formation of Fe3O4. The first step reaction has a relatively fast reaction rate, conforming to the F1 kinetic function with rate equation given as
. The second step reaction displays a more complex pattern and the fitted rate equation is
. The obtained results could provide a reliable reference for the operational design of the fluidization reduction of RM.
Cardiovascular disease burden in patients with urological cancers: The new discipline of uro‐cardio‐oncology
Authors: Zheng Yi , Liu Ying , Chen Ziliang , Zhang Yunpeng , Qi Zuo , Wu Ning , Zhao Zhiqiang , Tse Gary , Wang Yong , Hu Hailong , Niu Yuanjie , Liu Tong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, and urological cancers are the most common cancers among men. Several therapeutic agents have been used to treat urological cancer, leading to improved survival for patients. However, this has been accompanied by an increase in the frequency of survivors with cardiovascular complications caused by anticancer medications. Here, we propose the novel discipline of uro‐cardio‐oncology, an evolving subspecialty focused on the complex interactions between cardiovascular disease and urological cancer. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various cardiovascular toxicities induced by different classes of antineoplastic agents used to treat urological cancers, including androgen deprivation therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and chemotherapeutics. In addition, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity associated with anticancer therapy and outline strategies for the surveillance, diagnosis, and effective management of cardiovascular complications. Finally, we provide an analysis of future perspectives in this emerging specialty, identifying areas in need of further research.
A multidisciplinary approach to management of a non‐traumatic subdural hematoma in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Lugata John , Smith Caleigh , Mrosso Onesmo , lyamuya Tecla , Mchome Bariki , Swai Patricia 
Published: February 2024

Key MessageAlthough non‐traumatic SDHs are uncommon during and immediately following pregnancy, management of these cases should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team, including obstetricians, pediatricians, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists.AbstractIntracranial hemorrhage represents an uncommon but serious complication of pregnancy. Non‐traumatic subdural hematomas (SDH) are uncommon during the prenatal period with limited literature about etiology and management. In this case report, the authors report on a patient with non‐traumatic SDH in the third trimester of pregnancy. The patient is a 40‐year‐old G6P5L5 female at gestational age of 34 weeks and 5 days presenting with frontal headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurry vision. CT scan revealed an acute on chronic right subdural hematoma with midline shift and multiple herniations. An emergency cesarean section and right burr hole SDH evacuation were performed. Etiology of the SDH remains unknown. Although non‐traumatic SDHs are uncommon during and immediately following pregnancy, health care providers should always consider this possibility if a patient presents with typical symptoms and signs. Management of these cases should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team, including obstetricians, pediatricians, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.
Artificial Processive Catalytic Systems
Authors: Nolte Roeland J. M. , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProcessive catalysts remain attached to a substrate and perform multiple rounds of catalysis. They are abundant in nature. This review highlights artificial processive catalytic systems, which can be divided into (A) catalytic rings that move along a polymer chain, (B) catalytic pores that hold polymer chains and decompose them, (C) catalysts that remain attached to and move around a cyclic substrate via supramolecular interactions, and (D) anchored catalysts that remain in contact with a substrate via multiple catalytic interactions (see frontispiece).