bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying genes for neuron survival and axon outgrowth in Hirudo medicinalis
Authors: Blackshaw S. E. , Babington E. J. , Emes R. D. , Malek J. , Wang W.‐Z. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe have studied the molecular basis of nervous system repair in invertebrate (Hirudo medicinalis) nerve cells. Unlike in mammals, neurons in invertebrates survive injury and regrow processes to restore the connections that they held before the damage occurred. To identify genes whose expression is regulated after injury, we have used subtractive probes, constructed from regenerating and non‐regenerating ganglia from the leech Hirudo medicinalis, to screen cDNA libraries made from whole leech CNS or from identified microdissected neurons. We have identified genes of known or predicted function as well as novel genes. Known genes up‐regulated within hours of injury and that are widely expressed in invertebrate and mammalian cells include thioredoxin and tubulin. Other known genes, e.g. Cysteine Rich Intestinal Protein (CRIP), have previously been identified in mammalian cells though not in regenerating adult neurons. Two regulated genes identified, myohemerythrin and the novel protein ReN3 are exclusively expressed in invertebrates. Thus our approach has enabled us to identify genes, present in a neuron of known function, that are up‐ and down‐regulated within hours of axotomy, and that may underpin the intrinsic ability of invertebrate neurons to survive damage and initiate regrowth programmes.
Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans: preventing plasticity or protecting the CNS?
Authors: Rhodes K. E. , Fawcett J. W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIt is well established that axonal regeneration in the adult CNS is largely unsuccessful. Numerous axon‐inhibitory molecules are now known to be present in the injured CNS, and various strategies for overcoming these obstacles and enhancing CNS regeneration have been experimentally developed. Recently, the use of chondroitinase‐ABC to treat models of CNS injury in vivo has proven to be highly beneficial towards regenerating axons, by degrading the axon‐inhibitory chondroitin sulphate glycosaminsoglycan chains found on many proteoglycans in the astroglial scar. This enzyme has now been shown to restore synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex of adult rats by disrupting perineuronal nets, which contain high levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CS‐PGs) and are expressed postnatally around groups of certain neurons in the normal CNS. The findings suggest exciting prospects for enhancing growth and plasticity in the adult CNS; however, some protective roles of CS‐PGs in the CNS have also been demonstrated. Clearly many questions concerning the mechanisms regulating expression of extracellular matrix molecules in CNS pathology remain to be answered.
Effects of mouthrinses with linseed extract Salinum® without/with chlorhexidine on oral conditions in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. A double‐blind crossover investigation
Authors: Johansson Gunvor , Andersson Gunilla , Edwardsson Stig , Björn Anna‐Lisa , Manthorpe Rolf , Attström Rolf 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To study the effect of mouthrinses with salivary replacement substances on oral conditions in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Design: Cross‐over, double‐blind study.Setting: Facilities at the Centre for Oral Health Sciences, Malmö University and at Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.Subjects: Twenty‐two patients with Sjögren's syndrome.Intervention: Linseed extract Salinum® alone (Sal) or with addition of chlorhexidine (Sal/Chx) was used for mouthrinsing during 3‐week periods of rinsings separated by a 3‐week “wash‐out” period.Measurements: Recordings of percentages of sites with dental plaque and bleeding on probing, mirror friction test and microbiological analyses. Questionnaire on oral symptoms due to reduced salivation.Results: Dental plaque and bleeding on probing were reduced after Sal and after Sal/Chx. Friction was reduced after both treatments. No significant differences for counts of studied microbial groups were seen after Sal but the total anaerobically cultured microorganisms and of mutans streptococci fell after Sal/Chx (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Symptoms of oral dryness improved following Sal and Sal/Chx (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively). Speaking problems and burning mouth symptoms improved after use of Sal (p<0.05).Conclusions: Positive effects on symptoms in patients with Sjögren's syndrome were seen after use of Salinum® without or with chlorhexidine.
The prevalence of dental impacts on daily performances in older people in Northern Thailand
Authors: Srisilapanan P. , Sheiham A 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To assess the prevalence of oral related impacts on the quality of daily life in older Thais.Desing: A cross‐sectional study on a non‐random sample.Setting: Metropolitan area of Chiang Mai, Thailand Subjects: 707 older individuals living independently, aged 60 to 74 years, 549 were dentate, 158 were edentate.Methods: Clinical examination and questionnaire for the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) index and on dental behaviours.Results: About one half of the older people interviewed (52.8%) had at least one OIDP oral impact. The most common performance affected was eating (47.2%). The two main symptoms that caused oral impacts in the total sample were functional limitation and pain. The majority of older people had low OIDP scores below 8.0 (76.4%). Almost one in 10 had OIDP scores above 16.0. Individuals with a high income were more likely to have lower OIDP score (p<0.001). Subjects who had attended a dentist were more likely to have no oral impacts (p=0.02). There was a significant difference between OIDP scores related to some clinical variables; dental status (p=0.002), having mobile teeth (p=0.005), periodontal attachment loss (p<0.001), missing anterior and posterior teeth (p<0.001).Conclusions: Oral impacts that affected quality of life of older people were relatively common but not severe. The impacts were related to some social and clinical variables.
Reactions in the oral mucous membrane after exposure to CarisolvTM ‐ combined results from a clinical screening test in humans and an experimental study in rats
Authors: Arvidsson Anna , Stirling Chanelle , Sennerby Lars , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To evaluate reactions in the oral mucosa after direct contact with CarisolvTMSetting: The Faculty of Odontology in Göteborg, Sweden. Subjects: 34 healthy persons for a clinical screening test and 35 Sprague Dawley rats for a histological study.Desing: Mixed CarisolvTM or 0.5 % NaOCl were soaked in paper and applied to either side of the medial frenula of the lower lip of 34 persons. The solutions were left on the oral mucosa for three minutes. Inspection was made and photographs were taken immediately after exposure and also after 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours. Mixed CarisolvTM was applied in a similar manner as described above to 35 adult Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were killed and biopsies were taken immediately after CarisolvTM exposure and also after 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The biopsies were sectioned and prepared for histomorphometrical evaluation in light microscopy where cells were counted on regions from the epithelium layer deeper into the mucous membrane.Results: Some adverse reactions were detected on the oral mucosa of humans up to 24 hours after CarisolvTM exposure for 3 minutes. The detected inflammatory reactions were slight and no patient felt any discomfort. The results of the histological study on rat did not show any statistically significant increase of the number of cells at any time after CarisolvTM exposure.Conclusions: If the oral mucosa gets in direct contact with CarisolvTM for 3 minutes no or only a weak inflammatory response may be expected.
The uptake of dental services by elderly Germans
Authors: Nitschke Ina , Müller Frauke , Hopfenmüller Werner 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to assess the uptake of dental services by the old and very old population within the scope of the Berlin Aging Study (Berliner Altersstudie BASE).Design: A multi‐disciplinary structured interview was performed on 928 subjects, aged from 70 to 103 years of whom 516 persons volunteered to take part in a 14‐session intensive protocol. Six representative study groups were matched for age and gender. Subjects were asked to recall the timing of their most recent dental visit. Data were validated by sending for dental records and compared with all study participants from the multi‐disciplinary intake assessment. Data were related to age group, dental state, dementia and education.Results: Reported last contact with dental services ranged from 2 weeks to 52 years (median 18 months) with a higher time lapse in the study groups aged 85 and older. Dentate subjects had seen their dentist more recently than edentate subjects. Higher education correlated with an increased dental utilisation. Subjective memory on the time lapse since the last dental appointment coincided in 13% of the subjects with available dental records (n=84), was misjudged between one and six months in 55%, and by more than six months in the remainder. Moderately or severely demented subjects who remembered their last dental appointment (n=48 of 70) showed no consistently different utilisation to healthy or mildly demented studs participants.Conclusion: Edentate old and very old subjects show the least frequent utilisation of dental services. Data on motivation and barriers to care are needed to develop strategies to improve the use of dental services and thus promote oral health in late life.
Evaluation of a modified version of the index of Oral Impacts On Daily Performances (OIDP) in elderly populations in two European countries
Authors: Tsakos G , Marcenes W , Sheiham A 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To examine the psychometric properties of a modified version of the index of Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) in elderly populations in two European countries, namely Great Britain and Greece. The psychometric properties examined in this study refer to internal consistency and face, content, criterion and construct validity.Design and Setting: Cross‐sectional epidemiologic surveys of independently living people aged 65 years or older. Data were collected by interviewers through structured questionnaires. The British sample consisted of the randomly selected independently living persons that participated in the dental component of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of adults aged 65 years or over. The Greek sample is an opportunity sample drawn from eligible people living in two municipalities of the Athens region.Subjects: 753 people participated in the British and 681 in the Greek sample.Results: Through pilot work in both countries, the OIDP index was modified and both Greek and British modified versions demonstrated satisfactory face and content validity. In the main studies, Cronbach's alpha of the modified OIDP was 0.77 for the Greek and 0.69 for the British sample. In both samples, the index showed very significant associations with perceived dental treatment need (p<0.001), perceived general health (p<0.001 in Greek, p=0.002 in British) and intermediate oral impacts (p<0.001), as well as with satisfaction with oral health in the Greek sample (p<0.001).Conclusions: Overall, this study has demonstrated that the modified OIDP is a valid and reliable measure of oral health related quality of life in elderly people in Great Britain and Greece.
Caries experience in existing and new nursing home residents in Adelaide, Australia
Authors: Chalmers Jane M , Carter Knute D , Fuss Janet M , Spencer A John , Hodge Chris P 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: The Adelaide Dental Study of Nursing Homes was instigated to provide comprehensive information concerning oral disease experience, incidence and increments in a random sample of those older South Australians residing in Adelaide nursing homes.Methods: This paper presents caries experience results for existing and new nursing home residents, and caries incidence and increments for existing residents, from dental inspections conducted at the baseline and one‐year data collections.Results: The residents in this study were very functionally dependent, medically compromised, cognitively impaired and behaviourally difficult older adults, the great majority of whom had moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Residents gave their carers many complex and challenging behavioural problems during oral hygiene care provision. Existing and new residents had similar dental history, oral hygiene, and socio‐detnographic characteristics, and similar cognitive, medical, functional, and nutritional status. Oral disease experience was high in both existing and new residents. There were no significant differences between existing and new residents for their dentate status, tooth status, coronal caries experience, or root caries experience, with the exceptions that new residents had significantly greater mean number of teeth, more filled coronal and root surfaces, and also new residents had significantly fewer decayed retained roots. Large numbers of tooth surfaces were covered in plaque and debris that negated more precise assessment of caries. The existing residents had caries increments on both coronal (2.5 surfaces) and root surfaces (1.0 surfaces) over the one‐year period. Coronal caries incidence was 64% and root caries incidence was 49% of existing residents.Conclusions: Oral disease experience was high in both existing and new residents. There were few significant differences between existing and new residents’ oral health status. New residents were being admitted to nursing homes with a compromised oral health status. Coronal and root caries increments and incidence were high for existing residents over the one‐year period.
The development of a method for functional assessment of dentures
Authors: Corrigan PJ , Basket RM , Farrin AJ , Mulley GP , Heath MR 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAims: To design and validate a method of assessing complete dentures from a functional standpoint.Subjects: A random sample of 40 complete denture wearers took part in the study.Setting: A university clinical department of prosthetic dentistry.Intervention: We undertook a pilot study to refine the protocol and criteria. All participants and their dentures were examined by two authors independently, with no prior knowledge of the patients'complaints.Design: We defined nine clinical factors of functional quality and applied criteria with binary scoring. We analysed the scores for these factors for inter‐rater reliability.Results: The method proved simple to apply and took less than 5 minutes to complete. The inter‐examiner agreement for all factors was 86% to 100% giving Kappa scores of 0.64 to 1.00 (all Good or Very Good).Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrates that the technique, which we call the Functional Assessment of Dentures (FAD), can give good inter‐examiner reliability. It can therefore be used separately as a routine diagnostic tool and to investigate the relationship between denture qualities and functional ‘outcome’ such as difficulty eating or dietary selection.
Validation of indices for functional assessment of dentures
Authors: Anastassiadou V. , Naka O. , Heath M.R , Kapari D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAims: To validate an assessment of qualities of complete dentures that may relate to functional success.Subjects: A consecutive sample of 131 complete denture wearers took part in the study.Setting: a Greek department of prosthetic dentistry. Intervention: All participants and their dentures underwent clinical examination.Design: The Functional Assessment of Dentures (FAD) 10‐item criteria1 describing clinical factors of denture quality was used. The rationale for selecting these particular criteria was to include a range of clinical factors to produce an overall assessment of complete dentures. The 10‐item scale was examined for Internal Consistency and Construct Validity providing a summated rating scale whose total score could be used as an index for the quality of dentures.Results: Both intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreement for all 10 dichotomous scale criteria were all good or very good; the intra‐examiner Kappa values were 0.72 to 0.91 and the inter‐ examiner values were 0.72 to 0.99. Statistical analysis revealed that a 7‐item summated rating scale could be constructed which has marginally better internal consistency (reliability) and Construct Validity with fewer questions.Conclusions: The FAD criteria1 can be used to give good repeatability. The adjustments made to the original summation scale, if confirmed by new studies, would further increase the practical utility of a FAD index for general dentists. In due course with data from future studies, discrimination on weighting of items will be appropriate to relate the impact of denture quality on quality of life.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Xerostomia: a comparative study
Authors: Rostron Jocelyne , Rogers Simon , Longman Lesley , Kancy Sue , Field E Anne 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To compare the health status of groups of Primary Sjögren's and Xerostomia patients, using the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 (SF‐36). The SF‐36 is a generic measure, divided into eight domains, used in the assessment of health‐related quality of life. Patients and methods: The SF‐36 was given to 2 groups: Group 1 comprised 43 patients diagnosed with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (1SS) and an unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UFR) of <0.1 ml/min). Group 2 (n = 40) reported Xerosiomia but had an UFR >0.2 ml/min. Sub groups of patients in Groups 1 and 2 were compared with community normative data, for the SF‐36Results: There were trends to suggest lower SF36 scores for 1SS patients but there were no significant differences between the mean domain scores of Groups 1 and 2. 1SS and Xerostomia patients registered lower mean scores across all 8 domains, compared with normative community data.Conclusion: The SF‐36 was unable to detect significant differences between subjects with 1SS and Xerostomia but a larger sample size is required to confirm these findings. The results of this limited study suggest that a disease‐specific measure is required to assess the impact 1SS on health‐related Quality of life (QOL).
Bronchopneumonia and oral health in hospitalized older patients. A pilot study
Authors: Imsand M. , Janssens J‐P , Auckenthaler R. , Mojon P. , Budtz‐Jørgensen E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAims: To correlate microbial findings obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumonia patients with the clinical situation of the oral cavity.Method: Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were carried out in 150 ml samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by means of an endoscope (Video Endoscope Pentax®) inserted per as in the infected bronchus.Material: Twenty consecutive patients with a tentative clinical diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in whom BAL was carried out for diagnostic purposes. A clinical evaluation of the oral health status (oral hygiene, caries, periodontal diseases) was subsequently carried out.Results: In seven edentulous subjects wearing complete dentures the culture of anaerobic microorganisms was negative or yielding less than 100 cfu/ml BAL. Two patients yielded high counts of S. aureus and one high counts of P. aeruginosa. In the 13 subjects with natural teeth left one showed high counts of Veillonella spp. (anaerobic)+P. aeruginosa, one high counts of Veillonella spp. +S. aureus, one high counts of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus and one high counts of E. coli. These four subjects showed poor oral hygiene, periodontal pockets and a BAL microflora consistent with periodontal pathology. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that microorganisms of denture plaque or associated with periodontal diseases may give rise to aspiration pneumonia in susceptible individuals.
Prosthetic crowns and other clinical risk indicators of caries among old‐old Swedish adults: Findings from the KEOHS Project
Authors: Morse Douglas E. , Holm‐Pedersen Poul , Holm‐Pedersen Jytte , Katz Ralph V. , Viitanen Matti , von Strauss Eva , Winblad Bengt 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: The Kungsholmen Elders Oral Health Study (KEOHS) evaluated the oral health status of generally healthy, community‐dwelling persons over the age of 80 living in Kungsholmen, Sweden. This paper explored possible clinical risk indicators of coronal and root caries among the KEOHS subjects.Design: In this cross‐sectional study, dentate KEOHS subjects received a caries assessment using defined visual, tactile criteria.Setting: Examinations were carried out in two local clinics by standardized examiners.Subjects: One hundred twenty‐nine dentate persons were examined.Main Outcome Measures: The examination identified decayed and filled surfaces, prosthetic crowns, and missing teeth.Results: More root than coronal surfaces had untreated decay, and secondary root caries contributed the greatest number of decayed surfaces. Ninety percent of the examined dentate subjects had at least one prosthetic crown. Root surfaces exposed to crown margins were more likely to have caries than root surfaces not so exposed, particularly among women. The presence of untreated coronal caries (yes/no) was positively associated with having untreated root caries and an intermediate number (14–20) of teeth, but inversely associated with having 4+ prosthetic crowns. Active root caries (yes/no) was positively associated with having untreated coronal caries, 14–20 teeth, and 4+ prosthetic crowns. Nearly 20% of identified root lesions were present at or below the gingival margin, and most (88%) were secondary caries associated with crown margins (65%) or other restorations (23%).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some dental characteristics, including the presence of prosthetic crowns, are risk indicators for the presence of untreated coronal and root caries.
Masticatory ability in 80‐year‐old subjects and its relation to intake of energy, nutrients and food items
Authors: Österberg T , Tsuga K , Rothenberg E , Carlsson G E , Steen B 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between masticatory ability (self‐assessed masticatory ability and bite force) and intake of energy, nutrients and food items in a population sample of elderly subjects.Design and Subjects: From a population sample of 80‐year‐old people, 160 individuals (74 men and 86 women) took part in an odontological study.Main Outcome Measures: A dental examination including bite force recording, a questionnaire focusing on self‐assessed masticatory ability, and a dietary interview.Setting: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden.Results: The dental status among the participants varied much (from edentulous in both jaws ‐ 22% ‐ to more than 20 natural teeth ‐ 30%). The mean maximum bite force was higher in men (165 N) than in women (105 N). Bite force was significantly correlated to the Eichner index and to the number of teeth. One third of the subjects reported no masticatory problem, whereas 18% identified 3 such problems. The intake of energy and nutrients varied much but the means were well above recommended values. The correlations between dental status and bite force on one side and dietary intake on the other side were in general weak and most often statistically non‐significant. Impaired general health and reduced dentition were both associated with more masticatory problems.Conclusion: The examined sample of 80‐year‐old subjects had a great variation in dental status, bite force and self‐assessed masticatory ability, but these factors had only a minor influence on dietary selection and intake, which on average were well above recommended values.