bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social vole parents force their mates to baby‐sit
Authors: Libhaber Noga , Eilam David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractParental care has been categorized into direct and indirect investment. The former includes direct contact with the offspring, as in lactation or huddling with the pups, and the latter includes activities such as nest building or hoarding food for the guarding mate. We report here an unfamiliar type of parental behavior in which one parent aggressively forces its mate to stay in the nest with the pups. In this “forced baby‐sitting,” one parent grasps the fur of its mate and drags it toward the nest. The behavior was observed in 6 of 10 pairs of the social vole (Microtus socilalis guentheri) and was typically executed by the male. Dragging the mate to the nest was not correlated with other parental behaviors; neither could we explain why‐when it occurred. However, this behavioral pattern was eye catching, and its goal was obviously to enforce the mate to stay in the nest with the pups. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 236–240, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10075To view video clips of “forced babysitting,” go to the journal's supplementary materials site.
Transmission fields from a perpendicular Hertz dipole through an infinite shielding plate
Authors: Hayashi Takahiro , Mizusawa Motoo , Yamaguchi Takashi , Amemiya Yoshifumi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is well known that the magnetic fields or the electric fields near a wave source in the free space is inversely proportional to the third power of the distance between the source and the observation point. The magnetic fields passing through a conducting metallic shield placed near a magnetic Hertz dipole are inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance between the source and the observation point. On the other hand, the electric fields due to an electric dipole is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. In this paper, in order to qualitatively determine the reason why the distance dependence is different in the presence of a shielding plate, we study the distributions of the surface electromagnetic currents and surface electromagnetic charges on the shielding plate, which can be derived by Huygens‐Fresnel's principle where the electromagnetic fields induced on the shielding plate act as the secondary sources. From this study, it is found that spreading of the magnetic field lines in the radial direction is inhibited by the shielding plate in the case of the magnetic Hertz dipole. The spreading of the electric field lines in the radial direction is enhanced in the case of the electric Hertz dipole. It is also found that the range of occurrence of the electromagnetic fields on the shielding plate contributing to formation of the transmitted fields on the wave source axis is wider in the case of an electric Hertz dipole than a magnetic Hertz dipole. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(1): 54–64, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10022
Detection of the second harmonic signals using an ultrasonic transducer with the separately arranged transmitter and receiver
Authors: Adachi Hideo , Wakabayashi Katsuhiro , Nishio Masahiro , Ogawa Haruo , Kamakura Tomoo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe built a prototype ultrasonic transducer that transmits the fundamental wave and detects nonlinear harmonic waves generated in a target material. This transducer is constructed from a piezoelectric oscillator ring that is only used for transmission at the resonance frequency of f0 and a piezoelectric oscillator disk that is only used for reception at the resonance frequency of 2f0. The two oscillators are arranged in the same housing on the same axis and the same plane, but are separated. By optimally combining the material constants of the piezoelectric oscillators and optimizing the combination of the resonance sharpness Q, we found that the second harmonic signal could be detected with high selectivity and high reception sensitivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 27–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10030
A testing‐domain‐dependent software reliability growth model for imperfect debugging environment and its evaluation of goodness‐of‐fit
Authors: Fujiwara Takaji , Yamada Shigeru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany software reliability growth models which reflect various testing environments in the software development and operation/maintenance environment as a method for attaining a highly reliable software system have been proposed. These models assume a perfect debugging environment. That is, the detected faults are assumed to be corrected and removed certainly without introducing new faults. If we describe the software fault‐detection phenomenon more exactly, it is realistic to assume that new faults can be introduced by the debugging activities. In this paper, we propose a software reliability growth model based on the testing domain in the software system, which is isolated by the executed test cases in software testing. In particular, our model assumes an imperfect debugging environment in which new faults are introduced in the fault‐correction process, and is formulated as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Further, it is applied to fault‐detection data observed in actual development projects, the results of software reliability assessment are shown, and comparisons of goodness‐of‐fit with the existing software reliability growth model are performed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 11–18, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10035
Incorporating prior knowledge in environmental sampling: ranked set sampling and other double sampling procedures
Authors: Mode Nicolle A. , Conquest Loveday L. , Marker David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEnvironmental sampling can be difficult and expensive to carry out. Those taking the samples would like to integrate their knowledge of the system of study or their judgment about the system into the sample selection process to decrease the number of necessary samples. However, mere convenience or non‐random sampling can severely limit statistical inference. Methods do exist that integrate prior knowledge into a random sampling procedure that allows for valid statistical inference. Double sampling methods use this extra information to select samples for measurement, thus reducing the number of necessary samples (in order to achieve a desired objective) and thereby reducing sampling costs. The level of prior information required can range from a linear relationship with a known auxiliary variable to simple ranking based on auxiliary information. We examine three types of double sampling methods (ranked set sampling, weighted double sampling and double sampling with ratio estimation), with accompanying examples from Oregon stream habitat data. All three methods can provide increased precision and/or lower sampling costs over simple random sampling. The appropriate double sampling method for the data and research situation depends upon the type of prior information available. The categories of prior information are summarized in a table and illustrated using the example data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic response analysis on the stability of running vehicles
Authors: Maruyama Yoshihisa , Yamazaki Fumio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe seismometer network of the Japanese expressway system has been enhanced since the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Using earthquake information from the instruments, the expressways are closed if the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is larger than or equal to 80cm/s2. The aim of this regulation is to avoid secondary disasters, e.g. cars running into the collapsed sections. However, recent studies on earthquake damage have revealed that expressway structures are not seriously damaged under such‐level of earthquake motion. Hence, we may think of relaxing the regulation of expressway closure. But before doing this, it is necessary to examine the effects of shaking to automobiles since the drivers may encounter difficulties in controlling their vehicles and traffic accidents may occur. In this study, a vehicle was modelled with a six‐degree‐of‐freedom system and its responses were investigated with respect to PGA, peak ground velocity (PGV) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) seismic intensity using five ground motion records. It was observed that the response of the vehicle shows a larger amplitude for the record that has larger response spectrum in the long period range compared to other records. However, similar response amplitudes of the vehicle were observed for all the records with respect to the JMA seismic intensity. The response characteristics of the vehicle model may be very useful for decision‐making regarding the relaxation of the expressway closure under seismic motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theory and application of 3‐D LSKUM based on entropy variables
Authors: Deshpande S. M. , Anandhanarayanan K. , Praveen C. , Ramesh V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the theory and application of a grid‐free kinetic upwind scheme known as LSKUM. The basic principle in LSKUM is the determination of derivatives occurring in the conservation laws using the least squares method. The grid‐free nature of the scheme is obtained because the least squares method can be used on an arbitrary distribution of nodes, i.e. the nodes need not form a structured/unstructured grid. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new high‐order finite volume element method with spectral‐like resolution
Authors: Sarghini F. , Coppola G. , de Felice G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this work, a new high‐order finite volume element method with good spatial resolution characteristics is presented. The method is based on a functional representation of the unknowns based on the finite element method, a balance of physical quantities in weak formulation obtained by using the finite volume method, and an implicit reduction of some of the unknowns obtained by enforcing functional relations between some of them. Applications to hyperbolic and elliptic operators in 1D and 2D, as well as to Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A practical, general‐purpose, two‐state HLL Riemann solver for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Linde Timur 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we construct a general‐purpose Riemann solver for hyperbolic conservation laws that does not involve extensive characteristic analysis of governing equations but can nevertheless sharply resolve discontinuities. To achieve this goal, we revisit the class of two‐state HLL schemes and show that inexpensive, accurate solvers within this class can be designed using only geometric interpretations of the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions. We argue that the small cost and nearly uniform algorithmic complexity of resulting methods make them attractive for quick computations of practical, especially very complex, problems for which more accurate solvers are either not available or their development cost is not justified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐market correlations and transmission of information
Authors: Darbar Salim M. , Deb Partha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigate characteristics of cross‐market correlations using daily data from U.S. stock, bond,
money, and currency futures markets using a new multivariate GARCH model that permits direct hypothesis testing
on conditional correlations. We find evidence that arrival of information in a market affects subsequent
cross‐market conditional correlations in the sample period following the stock market crash of 1987, but
there is little evidence of such a relationship in the precrash period. In the postcrash period, we also find
evidence that the prime rate of interest affects daily correlations between futures returns. Furthermore, we
find that conditional correlations between currency futures and other markets decline steeply a few months
before the crash and revert to normal dynamics after the crash. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
22:1059–1082, 2002
An empirical examination of the relation between futures spreads volatility, volume, and open interest
Authors: Girma Paul Berhanu , Mougoué Mbodja 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the relation between petroleum futures spread variability, trading volume, and open
interest in an attempt to uncover the source(s) of variability in futures spreads. The study finds
that contemporaneous (lagged) volume and open interest provide significant explanation for futures
spreads volatility when entered separately. The study also shows that lagged volume and lagged open interest,
when entered in the conditional variance equation simultaneously, have greater effect on volatility and
substantially reduce the persistence of volatility. This finding seems to support the sequential information
arrival hypothesis of Copeland (1976). Finally, the findings of this study also suggest a degree of
market inefficiency in petroleum futures spreads. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
22:1083–1102, 2002
Breakpoint characterization of der(9) deletions in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Storlazzi Clelia T. , Specchia Giorgina , Anelli Luisa , Albano Francesco , Pastore Domenico , Zagaria Antonella , Rocchi Mariano , Liso Vincenzo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDeletions adjacent to the 9/22 translocation breakpoint on the derivative chromosome 9 have recently been described in a substantial number of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases, but their extension has not been characterized in detail. Using FISH with an appropriate set of BAC/PAC probes, we have characterized the deletion in 10 CML cases, identified by screening 71 patients at diagnosis. Five patients showed a complex chromosome rearrangement and 3 of them were deleted. The size of the deletion was variable, ranging from few hundreds kb to 8 Mb. A minimally deleted region on both chromosomes 9 and 22 was identified and was found to contain the ASS gene on chromosome 9 and IGLL1 on chromosome 22. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary archaeological and environmental study of pre‐Columbian burial towers at Huachacalla, Bolivian Altiplano
Authors: Rossi Matti J. , Kesseli Risto , Liuha Petri , Meneses Jédu Sagárnaga , Bustamante Jonny 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChullpas are pre‐Columbian burial towers built by indigenous Aymaras on the Bolivian Altiplano. Bolivian chullpas date back to the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000–1476) and the Late Horizon (A.D. 1476–1532). We recorded 228 chullpas among 84 sites in the Huachacalla region of west‐central Bolivia. In our study area, the chullpas are on debris flows and coarse alluvium in the proximal and medial segments of alluvial fans at the foot of two volcanoes. Grain‐size, element, and mineralogical analysis of chullpa wall material and local sediment revealed that the burial towers are composed of calcareous sand that is readily available in alluvial fan deposits near the sites. Our data suggest that the Aymaras considered environmental factors, such as drainage and stability of the soil, when they selected the locations of chullpas, whereas cultural factors played a significant role in chullpa architecture. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional neuroanatomy of sustained attention in schizophrenia: Contribution of parietal cortices
Authors: Ojeda Natalia , Ortuño Felipe , Arbizu Javier , López Pilar , Martí‐Climent Josep Maria , Peñuelas Ivan , Cervera‐Enguix Salvador 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDeficits in sustained attention have been frequently described in schizophrenia. The neuroanatomical basis reported previously have included altered levels of activation in cingulate and prefrontal cortex, but the contribution of further regions remains unclear. We explored the full neuroanatomy underlying the sustained attentional deficits observed in naïve schizophrenics compared with controls. Participants included 10 controls and 11 patients. The experimental design included rest, auditory stimulation using clicks, and two counting tasks. Subjects were instructed to mentally count the clicks, and then to count forward at the same frequency they heard previously when listening to the clicks. Relative cerebral blood flow (relCBF) was measured by means of PET 15O‐water. Differences were observed between both groups at superior temporal cortex, superior parietal gyrus, and cerebellum during tasks requiring listening. During all counting conditions, additionally to supplementary motor area (SMA), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPCF), precentral gyrus, cingulate, cerebellum, and inferior parietal (IP) gyrus, patients engaged other frontal structures including inferior, medial, and superior frontal areas. When counting with no auditory stimulation (C; requires components of working memory and time estimation), significant differences were observed in the level of activation of frontal and IP regions. Our naïve patients presented abnormal activation of auditory associative pathways. They failed to activate prefrontal and parietal regions at a similar level during tasks requiring increased cognitive effort, and they required a higher activation of inferior frontal regions to properly respond to cognitive demands. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:116–130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anterior belly of digastric muscle transfer: A useful technique in head and neck surgery
Authors: Tan Swee T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundPermanent loss of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMBFN) may result from an inadvertent injury or an intentional sacrifice during tumor resection. This may occur in isolation or as a part of total facial nerve palsy. The loss of the MMBFN results in paralysis of the depressors of the ipsilateral lower lip with troublesome cosmetic and functional deficits.MethodA series of 14 patients with permanent loss of the MMBFN during resection of head and neck tumors were treated with the anterior belly of digastric muscle transfer (ABDMT). The loss of the MMBFN occurred in isolation in five patients and formed a part of total facial nerve palsy in nine. Immediate reconstruction was performed on nine patients, and it was done as a secondary procedure in the remainder. Two patients in the latter group had prior facial reanimation, although the paralyzed lower lip was not reconstructed.ResultsThe average follow‐up period was 23.2 (range, 3–48) months. Satisfactory results were achieved in all of the patients, although revision of the ABDMT was required in one patient.ConclusionsABDMT is a simple and reliable reconstructive technique for restoring the depressor function of the lower lip resulting from MMBFN palsy. It is the treatment of choice during primary extirpative surgery for head and neck tumors when the MMBFN requires sacrifice for tumor clearance or is inadvertently injured. The reconstructive options for MMBFN palsy, particularly in the absence of the anterior belly of digastric muscle, are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of mammographic densities and their determinants in women from Japan and Hawaii
Authors: Maskarinec Gertraud , Nagata Chisato , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Kashiki Yoshitomo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBreast cancer incidence increases considerably in women who migrate from Japan to the United States. Based on the hypothesis that mammographic density in healthy mammograms reflects differences in breast cancer risk, we compared mammographic density in 3 groups of women at different levels of risk: Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii and Japanese women in Japan. In a cross‐sectional design, pre‐ and postmenopausal women without a history of breast cancer and with a mammogram free of suspicious lesions were recruited in mammography clinics and completed a self‐administered questionnaire. Cranio‐caudal mammograms were scanned into a computer and the densities measured using a computer‐assisted method. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Breast size among women of Japanese ancestry was similar in Hawaii and Japan but 50% smaller than that among Caucasian women. Dense areas were smallest among women in Japan, intermediate among Japanese women in Hawaii and largest among Caucasian women. Percent densities were greater in Japanese women than Caucasian women because of the larger breast sizes in Caucasians. However, percent densities were significantly higher among Japanese women in Hawaii than in Japan. These results indicate that the size of the total breast differs primarily by ethnicity and the size of the dense areas differs mainly by place of residence. Therefore, when comparing ethnic groups with distinct physical proportions, the absolute size of the dense areas appears to be a better measure of breast cancer risk than the relative density. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marker enzyme assesment in the liver of cyprinus carpio (L.) exposed to 2,4‐D and azinphosmethyl
Authors: Özcan Oruç Elif , Üner Nevin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe potential utility of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as indicators of exposure to 2,4‐D and azinphosmethyl together with the toxic effects of these compounds in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were recorded spectrophotometrically in fish liver, which were exposed to a single dose of 2,4‐D and azinphosmehtyl (1/3 LC50), and their mixture at 1:1 ratio for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The most sensitive parameter was glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity, which significantly increased with experimental exposures. Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity did not change after 24 and 48 h while there was an elevation after 72 h in all exposure groups. The activity decreased only when these were applied in combination at 96 h. Superoxide dismutase activity increased after azinphosmethyl exposure for 48 and 96 h. 2,4‐D decreased the activity after 24 h while the activity remained at the same level with control after 48 h. An elevation was found between 72 and 96 h. Mixture treatment did not changed the activity. Glutathione reductase and catalase enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde levels remained constant in all the treatment groups compared with controls. These results suggest that induction of GST activity may be used as biomarker for the assesment of water pollution in C. carpio. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:182–188, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10040
How does the USA PATRIOT Act affect international business?
Authors: McCartney‐Smith Enger , Tanner Neil Boyden 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCongress passed the USA PATRIOT Act to combat terrorist money laundering. But the law isn't confined just

to banks, say the attorney authors of this article. Many types of U.S. companies can be affected. However, many

companies—both domestic and foreign—are reluctant to reveal security breaches or questionable

transactions, fearing public disclosure. Are these fears justified? And what about the USA PATRIOT Act's

expansion of the federal government's power to investigate foreign businesses? © 2002 Wiley

Periodicals, Inc.