bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chaotic analog associative memory
Authors: Imai Hisao , Osana Yuko , Hagiwara Masafumi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes chaotic analog associative memory (CAAM), which can handle one‐to‐many learning pairs composed of analog patterns. Most past associative memory models have considered a binary pattern as the pattern to be learned, which makes it difficult to handle analog patterns. It is also a problem that the superposed pattern is recalled due to interaction between the memorized patterns. Thus, it becomes difficult to handle the association of one‐to‐many learning pairs, in which multiple patterns can be recalled from a single given pattern. In contrast, the proposed model uses a multiwinner self‐organizing neural network (MWSONN), which can handle analog patterns, and realizes association of the analog patterns. In the proposed CAAM, the chaotic neuron is introduced as a part of the network, and one‐to‐many association is realized by utilizing the dynamic recall power of the chaotic neuron. Computer experiments verify that the association of one‐to‐many learning pairs composed of analog patterns can be realized, and that the proposed model has high noise immunity and robustness to faults. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 82–90, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10325
Application of the µPlangent intelligent mobile agent architecture for embedded systems to the inspection of power systems
Authors: Cho Kenta , Irie Yutaka , Ohsuga Akihiko , Sekiguchi Katsuhiko , Honiden Shinichi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a patrol agent for power systems based on the µPlangent intelligent mobile architecture operating on embedded devices. µPlangent is an architecture featuring intelligent autonomous operation on embedded systems with poor resources. The patrol agent offers flexible operation such as acquisition of related data in case of a fault. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 60–70, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10352
Impact of the 1994 Northridge earthquake on the art and practice of structural engineering
Authors: Naeim Farzad 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe 1994 Northridge earthquake has impacted structural engineering practice in several very important ways. Since then we have learned to avoid unjustified extrapolations, we have recognized to value and promote seismic instrumentation, we have improved our codes and guidelines and at the same time created a maze of various codes and standards which are confusing at best, and we have started our long journey along the road of performance‐based seismic engineering. This paper provides an overview of the impacts of the 1994 Northridge earthquake on the art and practice of structural engineering. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic 1D inversion of multifrequency airborne electromagnetic data with artificial neural networks: discussion and a case study
Authors: Ahl Andreas 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTArtificial neural networks were used to implement an automatic inversion of frequency‐domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data that do not require a priori information about the survey area. Two classes of model, i.e. homogeneous half‐space models and horizontally layered half‐space models with two layers, are used in this 1D inversion, and for each data point the selection of the class of 1D model is performed prior to the inversion, also using an artificial neural network. The proposed inversion method was tested in a survey area situated in Austria, northwest of Vienna in the Bohemian Massif. The results of the inversion were compared with the geological setting, logging results, and seismic and gravimetric measurements. This comparison shows a good correlation between the AEM models and the known geological and geophysical data.
The validity of analyses testing the etiology of comorbidity between two disorders: a review of family studies
Authors: Rhee Soo Hyun , Hewitt John K. , Corley Robin P. , Stallings Michael C. 
Published: March 2005

Background:  Knowledge regarding the causes of comorbidity between two disorders has a significant impact on research regarding the classification, treatment, and etiology of the disorders. Two main analytic methods have been used to test alternative explanations for the causes of comorbidity in family studies: biometric model fitting and family prevalence analyses. Unfortunately, the conclusions of family studies using these two methods have been conflicting. In the present study, we examined the validity of family prevalence analyses in testing alternative comorbidity models.Method:  We reviewed 42 family studies that used family prevalence analyses to test three comorbidity models: the alternate forms model, the correlated liabilities model, or the three independent disorders model. We conducted the analyses used in these studies on datasets simulated under the assumptions of 13 alternative comorbidity models including the three models tested most often in the literature.Results:  Results suggest that some analyses may be valid tests of the alternate forms model (i.e., two disorders are alternate manifestations of a single liability), but that none of the analyses are valid tests of the correlated liabilities model (i.e., a significant correlation between the risk factors for the two disorders) or the three independent disorders model (i.e., the comorbid disorder is a third, independent disorder).Conclusion:  Family studies using family prevalence analyses may have made incorrect conclusions regarding the etiology of comorbidity between disorders.
Classification of dyspepsia and response to treatment with proton‐pump inhibitors
Authors: Meineche‐Schmidt V. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryBackground : Lacking an objective ‘gold standard’ for diagnosing dyspepsia, several symptom‐based classifications have been suggested.Aim : To assess if response to proton‐pump inhibitor treatment could provide useful information for current or future dyspepsia classification.Methods : Post hoc analyses of 829 patients treated with omeprazole or placebo in a randomized‐controlled trial. The ‘true’ response to omeprazole (trial response minus placebo response) was assessed according to different classifications of dyspepsia and different symptoms.Results : Symptoms described with the words ‘burning’ or ‘sour’ and patients with reflux‐like dyspepsia demonstrated high response to omeprazole treatment, whereas patients with abdominal pain or ulcer‐like dyspepsia responded unpredictably to omeprazole. The response to omeprazole in patients with epigastic pain was related to the pattern of other dyspeptic symptoms. Patients with heartburn or regurgitation overlapped extensively with patients with epigastric pain.Conclusion : The study demonstrated significant problems in the current classification of dyspepsia: ‘the most bothersome symptom’ was not independently related to the omeprazole effect and, in patients with abdominal pain, the response to omeprazole was dependent on the presence or absence of other dyspeptic symptoms. The overlap of symptoms indicates that heartburn and regurgitation should be recognized as symptoms of dyspepsia in primary care.
Quantitative solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy of organic matter fractions in lowland rice soils
Authors: Smernik R. J. , Olk D. C. , Mahieu N. 
Published: March 2005

SummarySpin counting on solid‐state 13C cross‐polarization (CP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two humic fractions isolated from tropical lowland soils showed that only 32–81% of potential 13C NMR signal was detected. The observability of 13C NMR signal (Cobs) was higher in the mobile humic acid (MHA) than in the calcium humate (CaHA) fraction, and increased with increasing intensity of irrigated rice cropping. NMR observability appeared to be related to the nature of the organic carbon, with phenol‐ and methoxyl‐rich samples having the higher values of Cobs. The Bloch decay (BD) technique provided more quantitatively reliable 13C NMR spectra, as evidenced by values of Cobs in the range 91–100% for seven of the eight humic fractions studied. The BD spectra contained considerably more aryl and carbonyl signal, and less O–alkyl and alkyl signal, with the greatest differences between CP and BD spectra observed for the samples with low Cobs(CP). The causes of low CP observability were investigated using the spectral editing technique RESTORE ( REstoration of Spectra via TCH and T One Rho (T1ρH) Editing). Rapid T1ρH relaxation was found to be primarily responsible for the under‐representation of carbonyl carbon, whereas inefficient cross‐polarization was primarily responsible for the under‐representation of aryl carbon in CP spectra. Proton NMR relaxation rates T1H and T1ρH were found to correlate with other NMR properties and also with cropping management. Non‐uniform rates of T1H relaxation in two of the CaHA fractions enabled the generation of proton spin relaxation editing subspectra.
Influence of porcine coat colour genotypes on haematological parameters, piglet birth weight and body weight gain until weaning
Authors: Fésüs L. , Zsolnai A. , Komlósi I. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryTwo F2 generations of an intercross between Hampshire boars and Hungarian Large White sows were produced to estimate the effects of the porcine KIT genotypes (II, Ii and ii) on quantitative and qualitative haematological indices, on piglet birth weight and growth performance until weaning. Piglets carrying the I allele had significantly fewer lymphocytes (p = 0.041) than the ii homozygotes, heterozygotes had measures between the two homozygotes. KIT genotypes did not influence white blood cells, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrite. II genotype piglets were significantly lighter at birth than the ones carrying the recessive i allele, the effect of KIT genotypes on gain until weaning was not significant, but II piglets tended to gain less. The results of this study support the hypothesis of M. Johansson, H. Ellegren, L. Marklund, U. Gustavsson, E. Ringmar‐Cederberg, K. Andersson, I. Edfors‐Lilja and L. Andersson [(1992) Genomics, 14, 965] that the pleiotrophic effect of the porcine KIT mutations on haematopoietic cells must be mild.
Spatial and temporal population interactions between the parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and Tachinidae flies: considerations on the adverse effects of biological control practice
Authors: Rossi M. N. , Fowler H. G. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract:Biological control of Diatraea saccharalis is regarded as one of the best examples of successful classical biological control in Brazil. Since the introduction of the exotic parasitoid Cotesia flavipes, the decrease of D. saccharalis infestation in sugarcane fields has been attributed to the effectiveness of this agent. Recently, the native tachinid fly parasitoids (Lydella minense and Paratheresia claripalpis) have also been implicated in the success. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal population interactions between C. flavipes and the tachinid flies, and provide a critical analysis of the biological control practice, focusing on the undesirable effects of introductions of exotic natural enemies. To investigate these questions, a large data set comprising information from two sugarcane mills located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Barra and São João Mills), was analysed. Analysis of the correlation between C. flavipes and tachinid fly population densities through time revealed that such populations were inversely correlated in the São João Mill and not correlated in the Barra Mill. Logistic regressions were computed to investigate the proportion of sites occupied by the parasitoid species at both mills as a function of time. An increasing trend in the proportion of sites occupied by C. flavipes was observed, with a concomitant decrease of the sites occupied by tachinid flies. This effect was more intense in the São João Mill. Thus, there is a convincing possibility that constant releases of C. flavipes decreased the tachinid fly populations, resulting in an undesirable effect of biological control practice.
Differences in plant‐size structure and biomass allocation in plants between exposed and shaded Plantago asiatica populations at a mid‐elevated habitat in the cool‐temperate region of Japan
Authors: KOBAYASHI TSUYOSHI , OKAMOTO KAZUYASU , KANAZAWA YUKO , HORI YOSHIMICHI 
Published: March 2005

Abstract Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae) is a perennial herb that is distributed over a wide range of habitats from exposed to shaded sites in lowlands to the subalpine zone in Japan. We investigated the patterns of biomass allocation and population structures based on the frequency distribution of individual plants in order to clarify the extent of plasticity in significant life‐history traits and also population dynamics of this plantain species, which occurs under two contrasting light regimes—in exposed and shaded habitats—at Numappara, 1230 m a.s.l., Tochigi Prefecture, central Honshu. The plants at the shaded site allocated more biomass to leaves, but less to rhizomes than those at the exposed site. Increasing the biomass of the reproductive organs resulted in a reduction of the leaf and rhizome fractions. This trend is clearer in the shaded plants than in the exposed plants. In both exposed and shaded populations, the number of seedlings was greater in the first year, but the population structure was skewed more negatively in the second year during two consecutive study years. The possible effects of allocation traits of individuals on the population structures and regeneration mechanisms of P. asiatica at elevated habitats are discussed in terms of cyclic changes in population structure with the fluctuations of seeding activity over some years.
Tropical Atlantic SST Forcing of Coupled North Atlantic Seasonal Responses
Authors: Peng Shiling , Robinson Walter A. , Li Shuanglin , Hoerling Martin P. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Recent observational studies reveal that a fall Pan-Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, composed of a horseshoe-like dipole in the North Atlantic and a southern center in the equatorial Atlantic, tends to precede the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its related SST tripole by several months. This study seeks to understand this relationship using large ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments and experiments with the AGCM coupled to a mixed layer ocean (AGCM_ML). The models are forced either by the North Atlantic horseshoe (NAH) or by the tropical SST anomalies over the boreal winter months. The AGCM results show that the NAH anomaly induces a baroclinic response in geopotential heights throughout the winter, with little projection on the NAO. Since the NAH anomaly is ineffective in forcing the wintertime NAO, it cannot account for observations that the NAH SST leads the NAO. In contrast, in the AGCM_ML, the coupled North Atlantic response forced by the tropical anomaly exhibits a strong seasonal dependence. In early winter, the positive anomaly induces a trough east of Newfoundland with a wave train to the northeast, and in late winter the response projects strongly on a negative NAO. Correspondingly, the extratropical SST response features an NAH-like pattern in early winter and a tripole in late winter. These results suggest that tropical Atlantic SST anomalies can significantly influence the coupled extratropical variability. The observed relationship between the fall NAH SST and the winter NAO (or the SST tripole) may be a consequence of persistent forcing of the seasonally varying atmosphere by tropical SST anomalies.
Comparisons with the parallel AGCM results indicate that the largely sign-symmetric NAO responses developed in the AGCM_ML are in part due to active extratropical SST feedbacks. Diagnostic experiments using a linear model further illustrate that, in the absence of transient-eddy feedbacks, an idealized tropical heating induces anomalous flows that are qualitatively similar in early and late winter, with a trough southeast of Newfoundland and a ridge to the northeast. The enhanced seasonality in the SST-induced coupled response likely arises from the seasonal modulation of transient-eddy feedbacks on the heating-forced anomalous flow.
Chromated Copper Arsenate Preservative Treatment of North American Hardwoods. Part 2. CCA Leaching Performance
Authors: Stevanovic-Janezic T. , Cooper P.A. , Ung Y.T. 
Published: March 2005

Summary
Seven North American hardwood species were vacuum or vacuum/pressure treated with 2% CCA-C
solution and fixed at temperatures of 21°C and 50°C under conditions of high relative humidity (95%).
The rates of fixation results are presented in Part 1 of this study. Red maple (Acer rubrum L.), red oak
(Quercus rubra L.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.),
trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), basswood (Tilia americana L.) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron
tulipifera L.) were evaluated. The softwood red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) was included for
comparison. Adequately fixed wood blocks (99.9% chromium reduction) were exposed to leaching by
the AWPA E11 procedure. All CCA components were leached in high quantities from oak wood, while
from red maple and beech, high arsenic leaching occurred. Leaching losses from aspen, basswood and
yellow poplar were low and comparable for both fixation temperatures. In most species, the amount of
leaching was affected by the treating method, with lower leaching from pressure treated wood blocks
than from vacuum treated blocks. Removal of extractives from maple and oak blocks before treatment
affected the CCA leaching performance in these species. Extracted red oak had lower chromium and copper
leaching, but higher arsenic leaching. In contrast, extracted red maple had reduced leaching of all
CCA components compared to unextracted wood.
The examined hardwoods can be classified into three groups according to their CCA fixing and leaching
characteristics: fast fixing/high leaching group (beech, red oak and red maple), intermediate fixation
rate and leaching group (white birch and red pine) and slow fixing and low leaching group (aspen, yellow
poplar and basswood).
The Flakes Alignment Efficiency and Orthotropic Properties of Oriented Strand Board
Authors: Wang S.Y. , Chen B.J. 
Published: March 2005

Summary
This study was designed to investigate the efficiency of flake's alignment and orthotropic properties of
oriented strand board (OSB) by using ultrasonic wave method. It was designed also to discuss the correlation
among ultrasonic velocity (V), dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed), modulus of elasticity in
bending (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). Results are summarized as follows:
The flake's aligned angle (θ): the angles between flake length direction and mechanical alignment
direction on the face layer of OSB within 0°–30° were 93–97% for JSP(OSB made from 100% of Japanese
cedar flakes), JMP(OSB made from 50% of Japanese cedar flakes and 50% of Taiwan paulownia
flakes) and CMP(OSB made from 50% of China fir flakes and 50% of Taiwan paulownia flakes) groups
OSB, and on the bottom layer, 76–85% for these three groups OSB, respectively.
The ultrasonic velocity (V) at 0° of angle between flake's length direction and mechanical alignment
direction (V0) was the highest, decreasing rapidly with increase of aligned angle (θ). The lowest value
of ultrasonic velocity occurred at 90° of angle between flake's length direction and mechanical alignment
direction (V90) and the relationship between θ and V could be represented by Hankinson's formula,
and Jacoby equation.
The orthotropic properties of OSB, defined as the ratio of V0/V90 were 2.4–3.2 for the full piece specimens,
and 2.4–2.6 for the bending tested specimens.
Interrelationships between V, Ed, MOR and MOE were positive linear regression formulas.
Performance of Centrifuge Data Acquisition Systems Using Wireless Transmission
Authors: Zornberg JG , Friedrichsen J , Dell'Avanzi E 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Centrifuge testing requires transmitting data collected in a moving, increased-acceleration environment to a data acquisition system. Typical transmission methods include analog and digital data transmission through slip rings. However, these methods have often limited the accuracy of the measured data as well as the number of instruments that can be used in a test. A wireless ethernet data acquisition system was implemented for a centrifuge in this study. Using a computer equipped with a wireless ethernet card inside the centrifuge allows increased throughput while maintaining control of the centrifuge test by an external computer. Such a computer workgroup connected with wireless ethernet provides high throughput of noiselessly transmitted data. This approach allows a significant increase in the number of channels, and thus instruments, that can be used in a test when compared with other digital communication standards. An evaluation of the performance of this system indicates that the data throughput of the wireless system is consistently higher than conventional hard-wired serial communication systems, but depends on the g-level, transmission direction, and type of wireless card.