bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hadot's later Wittgenstein: A critique
Authors: Hymers Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPierre Hadot is best known as a historian of ancient philosophy and for advocating the relevance of ancient thinking for contemporary lives. What is less well known is that he was one of the first French philosophers to take a serious interest in the work of Wittgenstein, publishing between 1959 and 1962 two essays on the Tractatus and two on the Philosophical Investigations, since republished as Wittgenstein et les limites de langage (Paris: J. Vrin, 2010). Only two of these essays are available (and not widely) in English translation. Part of my goal is to argue that they deserve the attention of anglophone readers. My focus here is on Hadot's remarks about the Philosophical Investigations. Hadot argues that this work produces a self‐defeating paradox because it claims that we can speak intelligibly only within a language‐game, but Wittgenstein, like the philosophers he criticises, tries to transcend language‐games in the presentation of his views. Despite this criticism, Hadot is inspired by Wittgenstein's discussion of the multiplicity of language‐games to argue that the texts of ancient philosophy are not part of the same language‐game as those of modern philosophy and must be approached as ‘spiritual exercises’, rather than as bodies of doctrine or theory. Wittgenstein is thus a key inspiration for Hadot's historiographical method. I argue that Hadot is too impressed by a faulty analogy between the Tractatus and the Investigations and that he gives a problematically reductive interpretation of Wittgenstein's talk of language‐games and implausibly attributes to Wittgenstein a reverence for ‘the ordinary’ that supposedly takes the place of his earlier wonder at the existence of the world. Many commentators since Hadot have made similar errors, so his case remains instructive. I conclude by suggesting, nonetheless, that something like Hadot's proposals about historiographical method may be justified by a better reading of the Investigations.
Time‐resolved x‐ray spectroscopy of nucleobases and their thionated analogs
Authors: Mayer Dennis , Lever Fabiano , Gühr Markus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe photoinduced relaxation dynamics of nucleobases and their thionated analogs have been investigated extensively over the past decades motivated by their crucial role in organisms and their application in medical and biochemical research and treatment. Most of these studies focused on the spectroscopy of valence electrons and fragmentation. The advent of ultrashort x‐ray laser sources such as free‐electron lasers, however, opens new opportunities for studying the ultrafast molecular relaxation dynamics utilizing the site‐ and element‐selectivity of x‐rays. In this review, we want to summarize ultrafast experiments on thymine and 2‐thiouracil performed at free‐electron lasers. We performed time‐resolved x‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the oxygen K‐edge after UV excitation of thymine. In addition, we investigated the excited state dynamics of 2‐tUra via x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy at sulfur. For these methods, we show a strong sensitivity to the electronic state or charge distribution, respectively. We also performed time‐resolved Auger–Meitner spectroscopy, which shows spectral shifts associated with internuclear distances close to the probed site. We discuss the complementary aspects of time‐resolved x‐ray spectroscopy techniques compared to optical and UV spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast relaxation processes.
Rhizobium rhizogenes rolC gene promotes leaf senescence and enhances osmotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis: the positive role of abscisic acid
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Favero Bruno Trevenzoli , Nardy Romain , He Junou , de Godoy Maia Ivan , Liu Fulai , Lütken Henrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe root oncogenic loci (rol) C oncogene has been identified as a key player during the plant‐Rhizobium rhizogenes interaction and is considered to confer resistance to plant abiotic stresses, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing rolC were produced. Biometric analysis showed that rolC induced diverse phenotypic modifications, including dwarfism, increased number of stem branches (1.3 times more than WT), weak root growth, early flowering (1.6 days earlier than WT) and premature leaf senescence. In addition, senescence stimulus (exogenous ethylene: 10 or 100 μL L−1) and 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) treatments demonstrated that rolC mediated leaf abscisic acid (ABA) enhancement in Arabidopsis, and this might be involved in rolC‐induced premature leaf senescence and resistance enhancement to osmotic stress. It is concluded that rolC‐induced premature leaf senescence may be involved in an abiotic stress escape mechanism in Arabidopsis, which is closely related to the increase of endogenous ABA levels. These findings provide new insights into the role of rolC in plant‐bacterial interaction and uncover the potential of biotechnological application associated with R. rhizogenes/rol genes in plant drought defense.
Control of lateral root formation by rapamycin‐induced dimerization of engineered RGI/BAK1 and by BIR3 chimera
Authors: Jeon Byeong Wook , Kang Na Young , Park Won‐Yong , Oh Eunkyoo , Kim Jungmook 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLeucine‐rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR‐RKs) play a pivotal role in diverse aspects of growth, development, and immunity in plants by sensing extracellular signals. Typically, LRR‐RKs are activated through the ligand‐induced interaction with a SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) coreceptor, triggering downstream signaling. ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR1 (RGF1) INSENSITIVEs (RGIs) LRR‐RLK receptors promote primary root meristem activity while inhibiting lateral root (LR) development in response to RGF peptide. In this study, we employed rapamycin‐induced dimerization (RiD) and BAK1‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE3 (BIR3) chimera approaches to explore the gain‐of‐function of RGI1, RGI4, and RGI5. Rapamycin induced the association of cytosolic kinase domains (CKDs) of RGI1 and the BAK1 coreceptor, activating both mitogen‐activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6. Rapamycin significantly inhibited LR formation in RiD‐RGI1/RGI4/RGI5‐BAK1 plants. Using transgenic Arabidopsis expressing RGI1CKD fused to the BIR3‐LRR chimera under estradiol control, we observed a substantial reduction in LR density upon β‐estradiol treatment. Additionally, we identified a decrease in root gravitropism in BIR3 chimera plants. In contrast, RiD‐RGI/BAK1 plants did not exhibit defects in root gravitropism, implying the importance of combinatorial interactions between RGIs and SERK coreceptors in the inhibition of root gravitropism. Constitutive activation of RGIs with BAK1 in RiD‐RGI/BAK1 plants by rapamycin treatment resulted in the inhibition of primary root growth, resembling the inhibitory effects observed with high concentrations of phytohormones on primary root elongation. Our findings highlight that the interactions between CKDs of RGIs and BAK1, constitutively induced by rapamycin or BIR3 chimera, efficiently control LR development.
Amygdala and cortical gamma‐band responses to emotional faces are modulated by attention to valence
Authors: Weidner Enya M. , Moratti Stephan , Schindler Sebastian , Grewe Philip , Bien Christian G. , Kissler Johanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe amygdala might support an attentional bias for emotional faces. However, whether and how selective attention toward a specific valence modulates this bias is not fully understood. Likewise, it is unclear whether amygdala and cortical signals respond to emotion and attention in a similar way. We recorded gamma‐band activity (GBA, > 30 Hz) intracranially in the amygdalae of 11 patients with epilepsy and collected scalp recordings from 19 healthy participants. We presented angry, neutral, and happy faces randomly, and we denoted one valence as the target. Participants detected happy targets most quickly and accurately. In the amygdala, during attention to negative faces, low gamma‐band activity (LGBA, < 90 Hz) increased for angry compared with happy faces from 160 ms. From 220 ms onward, amygdala high gamma‐band activity (HGBA, > 90 Hz) was higher for angry and neutral faces than for happy ones. Monitoring neutral faces increased amygdala HGBA for emotions compared with neutral faces from 40 ms. Expressions were not differentiated in GBA while monitoring positive faces. On the scalp, only threat monitoring resulted in expression differentiation. Here, posterior LGBA was increased selectively for angry targets from 60 ms. The data show that GBA differentiation of emotional expressions is modulated by attention to valence: Top‐down‐controlled threat vigilance coordinates widespread GBA in favor of angry faces. Stimulus‐driven emotion differentiation in amygdala GBA occurs during a neutral attentional focus. These findings align with a multi‐pathway model of emotion processing and specify the role of GBA in this process.
Game‐theoretic algorithm for interdependent infrastructure network restoration in a decentralized environment
Authors: Rangrazjeddi Alireza , González Andrés D. , Barker Kash 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHaving reliable interdependent infrastructure networks is vital for well‐being of a safe and productive society. Systems are vulnerable to failure or performance loss due to their interdependence among various networks, as each failure can propagate through the whole system. Although the conventional view has concentrated on optimizing the restoration of critical interdependent infrastructure networks using a centralized approach, having a lone actor as a decision‐maker in the system is substantially different from the actual restoration decision environment, wherein infrastructure utilities make their own decisions about how to restore their network service. In a decentralized environment, the definition of whole system optimality does not apply as each decision‐maker's interest may not converge with the others. Subsequently, this results in each decision‐maker developing its own reward functions. Therefore, in this study, we address the concern of having multiple decision‐makers with various payoff functions in interdependent networks by proposing a decentralized game theory algorithm for finding Nash equilibria solutions for network restoration in postdisaster situations.
From childhood bullying victimization to resilience in emerging adulthood
Authors: Lidberg Johan , Berne Sofia , Frisén Ann 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to explore how resilience is manifested in the experiences of emerging adults who were subjected to bullying victimization in school and have high levels of psychological functioning in emerging adulthood.MethodsFifteen Swedish emerging adults (Mage = 29.13, SD = 0.52) who, despite experiences of bullying victimization at age 10, had high levels of psychological functioning as emerging adults were interviewed. The interviews focused on experiences of bullying victimization and the long‐term outcomes of these experiences. Qualitative methods were used in the analysis, with a specific focus on resilience.Results/ConclusionThe findings illustrate how long‐term outcomes of bullying victimization in school, in relation to resilience, comprise a dynamic process between personal agency and social resources in the environmental context.
Comparative study on the efficacy of PRP gel and UC‐MSCs gel as adjuvant therapies in the treatment of DFU wounds
Authors: Jin Yan , Meng MingYao , Zhang YaFang , Mo Lin , Gao Hui , Liu YuHong , Wu Jun , Yang PingFen , Zhang ZhongZi , Jia Fu , Zhao YiYi , Huang Ying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common and serious complication of diabetes, and its treatment is challenging. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) gel and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) gel have been concerned as new therapies for DFU in recent years, and comparative studies on the efficacy and mechanisms of these methods, however, are rarely reported.MethodsThirty patients with DFU were selected and divided into the PRP group and the UC‐MSCs group, and wound healing, foot blood vessels (ABI index), infection index (CRP), neuropathy symptoms (TCSS score), and foot skin temperature before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the efficacy of the UC‐MSCs gel group was significantly better than that of the PRP group in terms of wound healing rate, time to complete wound closure, ABI index, CRP level and TCSS score. No statistically significant difference in foot skin temperature was observed between the two groups.ConclusionThe efficacy of UC‐MSCs gel is significantly superior to that of PRP gel in the treatment of DFU, with shortened time to complete wound closure, increased wound healing rate, better pain and infection control, and improved vascular and neurological symptoms.
Development of multiplexed flow cytometry‐based red blood cell antibody screen and identification assays
Authors: Liwski Robert , Greenshields Anna , Grace Ian , Cheng Calvino , Quinn Jason George 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop a high‐throughput method of performing red blood cell antibody screens and identification by utilizing flow cytometry and intracellular dyes to allow a multiplexed assay where three‐cell screens can be performed in a single test well and 11‐cell panels in three test wells.Materials and MethodsReagent red blood cells were labelled using Violet Proliferation Dye 450 (V450) and Oregon Green fluorescent dyes, which bind intracellular proteins to allow up to four cells to be interrogated in a single test well. Sixteen 3‐cell screen panels and ten 11‐cell identification panels were tested using sera with known antibody specificity. Antibody binding was detected using secondary anti‐immunoglobulin G and anti‐immunoglobulin M fluorescently labelled antibodies.ResultsIntracellular dyes allowed clear separation of the different screen and identification panel test cells. Three distinct populations of V450+, Oregon Green+ and negative for both stains were demonstrated in the screening panel and an additional double positive for V450 and Oregon Green was utilized to include a fourth cell in the identification panel testing to increase throughput. A total of 158 screen or identification panel RBC/serum combinations were tested against different known antibodies, and expected results were obtained with 100% concordance.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the successful development of a high‐throughput multiplexed flow cytometry‐based red cell antibody screen and identification panel assays. This method could be implemented in clinical laboratories to complement existing antibody detection methods. The multiplexing enabled via intracellular staining could be utilized to further augment other flow cytometry‐based transfusion assays.
THE EFFECT OF CO2 LASER ENGRAVE PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE (PMMA)
Authors: Isnin Nur Sabrina , Sh Abdul Nasir Sh Mohd Firdaus , Hemdi Abdul Rahman , Ismail Hazimi , Yusoff Hamid , Nurmalasari Riana 
Published: January 2024

The investigation of the laser engraving process has been the focus of a significant amount of research in the field of laser machines. On the surface of the material, gaps and imperfections will appear as a natural result of the engraving process. It is widely held that the surface texture of a material has a significant impact on the material's mechanical qualities, as well as its functional performance and aesthetic appeal. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that different process parameters have on the PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) surface during the engraving process. PMMA was used throughout this investigation in the engraving process, which was carried out by a machine equipped with a 40W CO2 laser tube. In order to explore the effect that laser engraving has on materials, a total of 25 separate experiments were carried out in line with the Taguchi design principles. It has been investigated how surface roughness (Ra), as well as total machining time, is affected by the laser power, scanning speed, scan gap, and nozzle distance that are considered to be input factors. According to the findings, the surface roughness of the sample had a value that varied from 0.810 to 5.159 micrometres when measured in terms of distance. The factor that has the greatest influence on the Ra value is the scanning speed, which is followed by the nozzle distance, laser power, and scan gap. On the other hand, the amount of time necessary for the machine to finish engraving on the sample can range anywhere from 58 to 135 seconds, with the scanning speed being the characteristic that has the most influence on this figure.
Effect of Filament Color and Fused Deposition Modeling/Fused Filament Fabrication Process on the Development of Bistability in Switchable Bistable Squares
Authors: Martin Katie A. , Thornell Travis L. , Hanna Hayden A. , Weiss Charles A. , McClelland Zackery B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Switchable multistable structures (SMS) are additively manufactured metamaterials. SMS are printed in polylactic acid, a shape memory polymer, and pre-strain is stored in bilayers during fused deposition modeling 3D printing process that encode different stable states can be activated above the glass transition temperature (Tg). Eight filament colors were used to 3D print sample squares. A hot water bath was used to determine sample bistability or monostability. Differential scanning calorimetry determined the Tg and melting temperature, (Tm). Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate colored filament thermal stability. The viscoelasticity of colored filament was investigated with melt rheology and the crystallinity of the printed samples was studied with X-ray diffraction. Filament color was an indicator of bistability and colors with lower Tm values tended to be bistable. Polyethylene terephthalate glycol SMS exhibited the shape memory effect but did not show bistability with the given print parameters. Bistability is achieved when the difference between the pre-strain of the bilayers is less than the energy needed to snap the sample to a given state. The relationship between monostability, self-snapping back to a favored state, and bistability is explained by a series of mathematical equations. Future work includes printing pre-strain relationship and the molecular level impact.
Examining the Design Actions and Reasoning Factors That Impact Design Performance
Authors: Mirabito Yakira , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Engineers often do not select the best designs available to them. This research investigates whether specific design actions impact performance in a design exploration task and whether the reasoning factors underpinning these actions can be inferred directly. This study uses objective performance metrics to quantitatively evaluate multiple dimensions of design behavior and cognition within concept selection. Fifty-six participants were tasked with identifying an optimal design for the gripping contact of a dishwashing robot. Results identified that specific design actions correlated with improved design performance, including exploring fewer design alternatives and isolating parameters. We found that reasoning factors stated by participants did not accurately map onto their observed actions and did not correlate with task performance. Implications related to future computational design support tools are discussed.
Characterization of the immunosuppressive environment induced by larval
Echinococcus granulosus
during chronic experimental infection
Authors: Grezzi Leticia , Martínez Yamila E. , Barrios Anabella A. , Díaz Álvaro , Casaravilla Cecilia 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The larval stage of
Echinococcus granulosus
causes the chronic infection known as cystic echinococcosis, deploying strong inhibitory mechanisms on host immune responses. Using experimental intraperitoneal infection in C57BL/6 mice, we carried out an in-depth analysis of the local changes in macrophage populations associated with chronic infection. In addition, we analyzed T cells and relevant soluble mediators. Infected animals showed an increase in local cell numbers, mostly accounted for by eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages. Within macrophage populations, the largest increases in cell numbers corresponded to resident large peritoneal macrophages (LPM). Monocyte recruitment appeared to be active, as judged by the increased number of monocytes and cells in the process of differentiation towards LPM, including small (SPM) and converting peritoneal macrophages (CPM). In contrast, we found no evidence of macrophage proliferation. Infection induced the expression of M2 markers in SPM, CPM, and LPM. It also enhanced the expression of the co-inhibitor PD-L1 in LPM, SPM, and CPM and induced the co-inhibitor PD-L2 in SPM and CPM. Therefore, local macrophages acquire M2-like phenotypes with probable suppressive capacities. Regarding T cells, infection induced an increase in the percentage of CD4
+
cells that are PD-1
+
, which represent a potential target of suppression by PD-L1
+
/PD-L2
+
macrophages. In possible agreement, CD4
+
T cells from infected animals showed blunted proliferative responses to
in vitro
stimulation with anti-CD3. Further evidence of immune suppression in the parasite vicinity arose from the observation of an expansion in FoxP3
+
CD4
+
regulatory T cells and increases in the local concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-1Ra.
Hepatitis C virus E1 recruits high-density lipoprotein to support infectivity and evade antibody recognition
Authors: Casiano Matos Jennifer , Harichandran Kaneemozhe , Tang Jingrong , Sviridov Denis O. , Sidoti Migliore Giacomo , Suzuki Motoshi , Olano Lisa R. , Hobbs Alvaro , Kumar Ashish , Paskel Myeisha U. , Bonsignori Mattia , Dearborn Altaira D. , Remaley Alan T. , Marcotrigiano Joseph 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of the
Flaviviridae
family; however, unlike other family members, the HCV virion has an unusually high lipid content. HCV has two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2. E2 contributes to receptor binding, cell membrane attachment, and immune evasion. In contrast, the functions of E1 are poorly characterized due, in part, to challenges in producing the protein. This manuscript describes the expression and purification of a soluble E1 ectodomain (eE1) that is recognized by conformational, human monoclonal antibodies. eE1 forms a complex with apolipoproteins AI and AII, cholesterol, and phospholipids by recruiting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) from the extracellular media. We show that HDL binding is a function specific to eE1 and HDL hinders recognition of E1 by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Either low-density lipoprotein or HDL increases the production and infectivity of cell culture-produced HCV, but E1 preferentially selects HDL, influencing both viral life cycle and antibody evasion.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant burden on human health, but vaccine candidates have yet to provide broad protection against this infection. We have developed a method to produce high quantities of soluble E1 or E2, the viral proteins located on the surface of HCV. HCV has an unusually high lipid content due to the recruitment of apolipoproteins. We found that E1 (and not E2) preferentially recruits host high-density lipoprotein (HDL) extracellularly. This recruitment of HDL by E1 prevents binding of E1 by a neutralizing antibody and furthermore prevents antibody-mediated neutralization of the virus. By comparison, low-density lipoprotein does not protect the virus from antibody-mediated neutralization. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into apolipoprotein recruitment, which may be critical for vaccine development.