bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic recognition of wild flowers
Authors: Saitoh Takeshi , Kaneko Toyohisa 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn this paper we propose an automatic recognition system for wild flowers. Two photos, one of the flower and one of the leaves taken from directly above or at a close angle of a single wild flower, were used as a single set. The objective (flower, leaf) is extracted from each image using a clustering method, then recognition is performed using a piecewise linear discriminant function after finding 10 features in the picture of a flower and 11 features in the picture of a leaf. We performed experiments on 20 sets of 34 species of wild flowers that grow around our university campus in the spring and early summer. The results of the experiment showed a recognition rate of 96.0% when all of the features (21) were used. Next we performed an experiment to select the features particularly useful for recognition. These results showed that six features for the pictures of flowers and two features for the pictures of leaves were the most effective, and with them a recognition rate of 96.8% could be reached. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 90–101, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10099
Fast line extraction from digital images using line segments
Authors: Kim Euijin , Haseyama Miki , Kitajima Hideo 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a fast line extraction method using the line segments found in digital images. A digital line can be decomposed into line segments, which consist of continuous edge pixels, in four directions. The directions of the line segments are varied and limited by the relationship between the line segments and the slopes of analog lines. The proposed method attains high speed and accuracy by tracking each line segment in the same direction which comes from the relationship. Experimental results are included to show that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy with a large reduction in the computation time and has robustness in the presence of noise. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 76–89, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10124
Time series prediction by a neural network model based on bi‐directional computation style: A study on generalization performance with the computer‐generated time series “Data Set D”
Authors: Wakuya Hiroshi , Shida Katsunori 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe principal goal of time series prediction is the enhancement of prediction accuracy. To achieve this goal, most previous investigations have adopted the so‐called uni‐directional computation style, focusing only on the forward‐time direction (present→future). This paper adopts a different approach, the bi‐directional computation style, and applies it to real‐time series prediction tasks. The objective of this style is to improve the accuracy of time series prediction by means of interaction between the forward‐time direction processing system, which only predicts the future, and a separate backward‐time processing system. Good results have previously been obtained on sunspot data, but since these involve time series that are short, there has been insufficient investigation of generalization performance. We therefore apply the proposed technique to different time series data in order to investigate further the generalization performance with untraining data. The time series data called “Data Set D” used here were artificially generated by a computer and are distinguished by their great length, consisting of 100,000 points. Computer simulations indicate that on average, an improvement in dealing with untraining data equal to that for training data is achievable. In addition, better prediction accuracy is achieved in areas where the conventional method is weak. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 64–75, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10264
Knowledge from the time series of quasar radio‐wave flux density
Authors: Tanizuka Noboru , Rahman Khan Md. Mostafizur 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTime series of radio waves attributable to synchrotron radiation from quasars, that is, extragalactic systems at cosmological distances, were analyzed in an attempt to find an informational structure expressing the evolution and self‐organization of the quasar system. The methods we used were power law analysis of the time series and phase space map analysis of the reconstructed time series.From the power law analysis we found that the dynamical structure of the system is likely to have evolved over the cosmic time scale. From the reconstructed phase space map analysis we obtained patterns similar to attractors in three‐dimensional phase space, which may reflect the system's dynamical structure, and by applying the GP algorithm with the correlation integral we inferred that the dynamical system is of system dimension. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 56–63, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10366
Development of 3D graphics and VRML libraries for Web3D platform by using Java
Authors: Chen Bing‐Yu , Nishita Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a new 3D graphics programming environment for Web3D on the Internet. To develop 3D graphics programs on the Internet is not easy because there is no popular 3D graphics library like OpenGL. For this purpose, we developed a 3D graphics library called jGL by using Java exclusively. jGL is a general‐purpose 3D graphics library, and its API (Application Programming Interface) is defined in a manner quite similar to that of OpenGL. Since jGL offers the same functionalities as OpenGL, programmers can use it easily. Furthermore, since people have recently been able to use simple Java programs on cellular phones, migration experimentation toward i‐αppli is also described in this paper. Moreover, VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) is a standard file format for describing 3D models on the Internet. To display a 3D model on the Internet, people may like to use the VRML file format. Therefore, we also developed a VRML library called jVL by using Java exclusively as an extension of jGL. In this paper, the results and some detailed descriptions are updated compared with those in Ref. 3. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 47–55, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10393
A visualization system for making choice of electronic bulletin board system
Authors: Abe Michiko , Sato Kiwamu , Ogasawara Naohito , Nunokawa Hiroshi , Noguchi Shoichi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTo post questions or opinions to an electronic bulletin board system on the Internet, it is important for a contributor to find the most appropriate electronic bulletin board system. Posting a contribution to an irrelevant electronic bulletin board system may cause such problems as “no accurate answer arrives” or “follow‐up contributions cannot be easily attached.” However, since the Internet contains massive electronic bulletin board systems that include enormous numbers of diverse kinds of articles, it is extremely difficult to find the most appropriate electronic bulletin board system. Therefore, the aim of this research is to construct a system that extracts and visualizes information related to articles that are posted to an electronic bulletin board system and information related to contributors so that a user can easily and intuitively solve this kind of problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 36–46, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10408
Face recognition with Zernike moments
Authors: Ono Atsushi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn recent years, considerable research has been performed on technology for verifying individual identity using human biometrics. In particular, verification technology using facial images has been extensively researched. This is because special input devices are not needed, and there is little of the psychological resistance that is found with fingerprint input. In this paper, the author proposes a method for recognition using the subspace method, and using the Zernike moment, a moment that is invariable during rotation, as a feature vector. The validity of the method is then shown. In addition, the author confirms through experiments the relationship between the circle width of the circular Zernike moment and the recognition rate, as well as between the order of the Zernike moment and the recognition rate. Furthermore, the recognition capacity of each circle is described, and experiments are performed on variations in the recognition rate when the circle with the lowest recognition capacity is eliminated. Finally, experiments comparing the author's approach to other methods are performed. The author shows that equivalent recognition results can be obtained using the Zernike moment as a feature vector whose order is far lower than other feature vectors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 26–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10414
Relaxed conditions of exchange on mechanism for exchanging parts of executed program
Authors: Yamamoto Atsushi , Taniguchi Hideo 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe proposed a control method for exchanging parts of an executing program. By applying this exchange method to a shared library that is linked dynamically, the contents of library functions that constitute the program can be changed without stopping processes that are providing services. In other words, maintenance tasks can be dynamically performed without suspending the services that are being provided. However, the program parts that are exchanged according to the proposed exchange method must satisfy strict exchange conditions, making it difficult to create program parts that are to be exchanged. Therefore, in this paper, we describe an exchange method in which the exchange conditions have been relaxed. Also, we point out a problem in which relaxing the exchange conditions causes the exchanging time to be significantly increased when exchanging parts for a program that is mainly a CPU‐bound program compared with a program that is mainly an I/O‐bound program. Then, to deal with this problem, we propose methods of devising process scheduling mechanisms to shorten the exchanging time. Specifically, we show a mechanism that temporarily suspends exchangeable processes early and a mechanism that preferentially executes unexchangeable processes. In addition, we implement and evaluate both of these mechanisms and show the effectiveness of each mechanism. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 13–25, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10423
A study on iterative video coding rate–distortion optimization and its rate control
Authors: Takamura Seishi , Kobayashi Naoki 
Published: July 2003

AbstractEncoding a video clip with as large a compression ratio as possible within a framework of established standards is a key technology for digital TV broadcasting, content creation, distribution, and storage. Optimization, encoding a video clip at the highest possible quality within a given bit rate, is expected to become increasingly important in the future. As this process repeats encoding many times, rate control should converge quickly. This paper proposes an iterative encoding (N‐pass) optimization strategy based on the Lagrange multiplier method. It focuses on local coding units and knowledge about optimal multipliers within an MPEG‐2 framework. We also propose and demonstrate an affiliated accurate rate control algorithm. Simulation results show the PSNR gain for this optimization method is 1.0 to 1.9 dB higher than that offered by the TM5 method, and is significantly higher than the 0.03 to 0.7 dB gain improvement over TM5 we achieved with quantization‐parameter‐based optimization. The rate control framework is highly accurate; the error is less than 1% within one or two rate control iterations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 1–12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10455
Construction of a real‐time music delivery system for IMT‐2000 using twin VQ
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Kaneko Takao , Iwakami Naoki , Moriya Takehiro , Ikeda Kazunaga 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the error‐protected Twin VQ coding method, which can be applied to the IMT‐2000 mobile communications system. A real‐time music delivery system based on this method is reported. The Twin VQ coding method, which includes error detection and error suppression measures, is used to reduce the audio distortion of decoding resulting from the coding error of wireless transmission. Real‐time encoding and decoding under the proposed method are also described. Computer simulations of IMT‐2000 are used to evaluate the subjective quality of the delivered music. The possibility of a high‐quality real‐time music delivery system using IMT‐2000 is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(10): 102–110, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1214
Effects of adrenalectomy on CART expression in the rat arcuate nucleus
Authors: Balkan Burcu , Koylu Ersin , Pogun Sakire , Kuhar Michael J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn order to test for glucocorticoid regulation of CART in the arcuate nucleus, adrenalectomies (ADX) and hormone replacements (HRs) were carried out in groups of rats. CART mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization and CART peptide levels by immunocytochemistry. ADX caused a lowering of CART mRNA and peptides levels in the arcuate and this was reversed by HR. These results indicate a glucocorticoid regulation of CART in the arcuate. The regulation could be direct through an action of glucocorticoid receptors or indirectly through ADX‐induced changes in leptin levels. These findings suggest a role for CART in the stress response. Synapse 50:14–19, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anesthetics inhibit high‐affinity states of dopamine D2 and other G‐linked receptors
Authors: Seeman Philip , Kapur Shitij 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe high‐affinity states of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, serotonin 5HT‐2A receptors, beta‐2‐adrenoceptors, alpha‐1 and alpha‐2 adrenoceptors, opiate receptors, and muscarinic receptors were inhibited by clinical concentrations of anesthetics, including isoflurane, halothane, chloral hydrate, ketamine, and ethanol. The inhibition occurred not only in vitro, but also in vivo in rats anesthetized with isoflurane, with the high‐affinity states recovering at different rates. Because the high‐affinity states of G‐protein‐linked receptors are physiologically functional, their general inhibition by clinical concentrations of anesthetics may underlie general anesthesia and may explain some of the side effects of anesthetics. Subanesthetic concentrations of the anesthetics, including ketamine, stimulated the incorporation of GTP into the cloned dopamine D2 receptors. It is possible that the classical stage 2 excitement phase which occurs with subanesthetic concentrations of general anesthetics and ketamine may be associated with this general stimulation of a variety of G‐protein‐linked receptors, as found in the present study, while the stage 3 level of surgical anesthesia may be associated with the inhibition of the high‐affinity states of several receptors. Synapse 50:35–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schizophrenia hippocampus has elevated expression of chondrex glycoprotein gene
Authors: Chung Carmen , Tallerico Teresa , Seeman Philip 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTo identify genes associated with schizophrenia, DNA microarray chips were used to compare schizophrenia and control hippocampus tissues, revealing four genes with elevated expression, chondrex (or YKL‐40), histamine‐releasing factor, HERC2, and heat‐shock 70. However, using the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction method, only the expression of the chondrex gene, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in cell growth and migration, was found to be significantly elevated, by 1.8‐fold. Real‐time PCR found that the expression of the histamine‐releasing factor gene, known to be associated with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease, was significantly reduced by 19%. The expression of the HERC2 and heat‐shock 70 genes, as measured by real‐time PCR, were not significantly altered in the schizophrenia hippocampus. The altered gene expression of chondrex suggests that disruption in neuronal migration may be involved in schizophrenia. The change in expression of the histamine‐releasing factor gene suggests that this gene may be associated with the negative symptoms of impaired learning and memory in schizophrenia. Synapse 50:29–34, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baclofen antagonizes nicotine‐, cocaine‐, and morphine‐induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rat
Authors: Fadda Paola , Scherma Maria , Fresu Alessandra , Collu Maria , Fratta Walter 
Published: July 2003

AbstractEvidence recently provided has suggested a specific involvement of the GABAergic system in modulating positive reinforcing properties of several drugs of abuse through an action on mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of several forms of drug addiction. In the present study, using the in vivo microdialysis technique, we investigated the effect of baclofen on nicotine, cocaine, and morphine‐induced increase in extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, a brain area supposedly involved in the modulation of the central effects of several drugs of abuse, of freely moving rats. As expected, nicotine (0.6 mg/kg s.c.), morphine (5 mg/kg s.c.), and cocaine (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) administration in rats induced a marked increase in extracellular DA concentrations in the nucleus accumbens, reaching a maximum value of +205 ± 8.4%, +300 ± 22.2%, and +370 ± 30.7%, respectively. Pretreatment with baclofen (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced the nicotine‐, morphine‐, and cocaine‐evoked DA release in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, baclofen alone did not elicit changes in basal DA extracellular levels up to 180 min. Taken together, our data are in line with previous reports demonstrating the ability of baclofen to modulate the mesolimbic DAergic transmission and indicate baclofen as a putative candidate in the pharmacotherapy of polydrug abuse. Synapse 50:1–6, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
D‐deprenyl protects nigrostriatal neurons against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity
Authors: Muralikrishnan Dhanasekharan , Samantaray Supriti , Mohanakumar Kochupurackal P. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSelegiline (L‐deprenyl) is believed to render protection against l‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐neurotoxicity to a significant extent via a free radical scavenging mechanism, which is independent of its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) in the brain. We investigated the hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenging action and neuroprotective effect of D‐deprenyl, its less active isomer, in MPTP‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice to test whether the chemical structure of the molecule or its biological effects contribute to this property. To achieve this goal we studied the effects of D‐deprenyl on: (1) .OH production in a Fenton reaction; (2) MPTP‐induced .OH generation and dopamine (DA) depletion in vivo, employing a sensitive HPLC‐electrochemical procedure; and (3) formation of MPP+ in vivo in the striatum following systemic administration of MPTP, employing an HPLC‐photodiode array detection system. D‐deprenyl inhibited ferrous citrate‐induced .OH in vitro (0.45 μM) and MPTP‐induced .OH in vivo in substantia nigra (SN) and in the striatum (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). D‐deprenyl did not, but L‐deprenyl (0.5 mg/kg dose) did significantly inhibit formation of MPP+ in the striatum 90 min following systemic MPTP injection. It failed to affect MAO‐B activity at 0.5 mg/kg in the striatum, but effectively blocked MPTP‐induced striatal DA depletion. The potency of D‐deprenyl to scavenge MPTP‐induced .OH in vivo and to render protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity without affecting dopamine turnover, MAO‐B activity, or formation of MPP+ in the brain indicates a direct involvement of .OH in the neurotoxic action of MPTP and antioxidant effect in the neuroprotective action of deprenyl. Synapse 50:7–13, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reciprocal synapses between inner hair cell spines and afferent dendrites in the organ of corti of the mouse
Authors: Sobkowicz Hanna M. , Slapnick Susan M. , August Benjamin K. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe provide, for the first time, ultrastructural evidence for the differentiation of reciprocal synapses between afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons and inner hair cells. Cochlear synaptogenesis of inner hair cells in the mouse occurs in two phases: before and after the onset of hearing at 9–10 postnatal (PN) days. In the first phase, inner hair cells acquire afferent innervation (1–5 PN). Reciprocal synapses form around 9–10 PN on spinous processes emitted by inner hair cells into the dendritic terminals, predominantly in conjunction with ribbon afferent synapses. During the second phase, which lasts up to 14 PN, synaptogenesis is led by the olivocochlear fibers of the lateral bundle, which induce the formation of compound and spinous synapses. The afferent dendrites themselves also develop recurrent presynaptic spines or form mounds of synaptic vesicles apposed directly across inner hair cell ribbon synapses. Thus, in the adult 2‐month mouse, afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons are not only postsynaptic but also presynaptic to inner hair cells, providing a synaptic loop for an immediate feedback response. Reciprocal synapses, together with triadic, converging, and serial synapses, are an integral part of the afferent ribbon synapse complex. We define the neuronal circuitry of the inner hair cell and propose that these minicircuits form synaptic trains that provide the neurological basis for local cochlear encoding of the initial acoustic signals. Synapse 50:53–66, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.