bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of LPS‐induced immobility in mice by green tea polyphenols: possible COX‐2 mechanism
Authors: Singal Anjali , Tirkey Naveen , Chopra Kanwaljit 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is known to activate the hypothalamo–pituitary adrenocortical axis, as well as norepinephrine and indolamine metabolism. Systemically administered LPS produces depression in the forced swimming‐induced despair behaviour model in mice. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) on LPS‐induced despair behaviour and to explore the mechanism involved in modulation of LPS‐induced immobility by GTE. GTE (10–100 mg/kg) pretreatment reversed LPS‐induced immobility in a dose‐dependent manner. Rofecoxib (2 mg/kg) and nimesulide (2 mg/kg), COX‐2 inhibitors, also reversed the LPS‐induced immobility, which was signiﬁcantly potentiated by concomitant administration of GTE. On the other hand, GTE did not show any potentiating effect on immobility with naproxen (10 mg/kg), which is a nonselective COX blocker. Interestingly the antioxidant, carvedilol (2 mg/kg) did not produce any effect on immobility either in normal or in LPS treated mice. The results of the study implicate the role of COX‐2 inhibition by GTE in the reversal of LPS‐induced immobility. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of bioactive saponins and triterpenoidal aglycons for their binding properties on human endothelin ETA and angiotensin AT1 receptors
Authors: Caballero‐George C. , Vanderheyden P. M. L. , Okamoto Y. , Masaki T. , Mbwambo Z. , Apers S. , Gupta M. P. , Pieters L. , Vauquelin G. , Vlietinck A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDifferent types of triterpenes including saponins and aglycons were evaluated for their ability to inhibit [3H] BQ‐123 and [3H] angiotensin II binding to the human endothelin 1 ETA and angiotensin II AT1 receptors, respectively. Selectivity for only one of the two receptors was exhibited by asiatic acid and its saponins (ETA) and oleanolic acid (AT1). To a lesser extent betulinic acid, β‐amyrin and friedelin also showed selectivity for the ETA receptor. To address the question whether the effect of saponins on cell membranes might interfere with the normal binding of speciﬁc radioligands to their receptors, the activity of saponins with different haemolytic properties were compared. Highly haemolytic saponins such as α‐hederin and β‐escine showed partial (60%) inhibition of radioligand‐binding to the ETA receptor and complete inhibition (100%) to the AT1 receptor. Moreover, the haemolytically inactive kryptoescine, at the same concentration, caused complete inhibiton of radioligand‐binding to both receptors, indicating that inhibition of receptor binding was not related to the membrane‐interacting properties of saponins. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identiﬁcation of antioxidant compound from Asparagus racemosus
Authors: Wiboonpun Nathathai , Phuwapraisirisan Preecha , Tip‐pyang Santi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRoots of Asparagus racemosus were found to possess antioxidant property. DPPH autography‐directed separation resulted in the identiﬁcation of a new antioxidant compound named racemofuran (3) along with two known compounds asparagamine A (1) and racemosol (2). The structure of 3 was fully characterized by spectroscopic data (UV, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D NMR). Racemofuran revealed antioxidant property against DPPH with IC50 value of 130 µM. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The antimycobacterial components of hops (Humulus lupulus) and their dereplication
Authors: Stavri Michael , Schneider Ruth , O'Donnell Gemma , Lechner Doris , Bucar Franz , Gibbons Simon 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of a hexane extract of strobile hops (Humulus lupulus) was undertaken to isolate and characterize the antimycobacterial constituents using the fast‐growing mycobacterial species Mycobacterium fortuitum. Activity was associated with a low polarity fraction and 1H NMR spectra indicated the presence of a fatty acid mixture with unsaturated components. GC‐MS of the derivatives indicated the presence of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids with small quantities of lignoceric, arachidic, behenic and linoleic acids. These compounds were assessed against M. fortuitum and all saturated fatty acids were inactive at concentrations greater than 256 µg/ml, whereas the unsaturated fats oleic and linoleic acids displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of between 4 and 16 µg/ml against the fast‐growing species tested. The widespread occurrence of these components could render screening for antimycobacterials from natural sources highly problematic without adequate dereplication. We propose that GC‐MS of derivatised components of lipophilic extracts be a ﬁrst step before any antimycobacterial bioassay‐guided study, as this technique is the method of choice for dereplication of fatty acids. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoprotective effect on oxidative stress and inhibitory effect on cellular aging of Terminalia chebula fruit
Authors: Na MinKyun , Bae KiHwan , Sik Kang Sam , Sun Min Byung , Kuk Yoo Jae , Kamiryo Yuko , Senoo Yu‐ichiro , Yokoo Seiichi , Miwa Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ethanol extract from the fruit of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) exhibited signiﬁcant inhibitory activity on oxidative stress and the age‐dependent shortening of the telomeric DNA length. In the peroxidation model using t‐BuOOH, the T. chebula extract showed a notable cytoprotective effect on the HEK‐N/F cells with 60.5 ± 3.8% at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. In addition, the T. chebula extract exhibited a signiﬁcant cytoprotective effect against UVB‐induced oxidative damage. The life‐span of the HEK‐N/F cells was elongated by 40% as a result of the continuous administration of 3 µg/ml of the T. chebula extract compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the T. chebula extract on the age‐dependent shortening of the telomere, length as shown by the Southern blots of the terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of DNA extracted from subculture passages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacological activities of some Argyranthemum species growing in the Canary Islands
Authors: Badisa R. B. , Couladis M. , Tsortanidou V. , Chaudhuri S. K. , Walker L. , Pilarinou E. , Santos‐Guerra A. , Francisco‐Ortega J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMethanolic extracts of eight subspecies of genus Argyranthemum were evaluated against brine shrimps, human cancer cell lines, malarial parasites and microorganisms under in vitro conditions. In the shrimp assay, samples of A. adauctum ssp. adauctum, A. adauctum ssp. erythrocarpon and A. frutetescens ssp. succulentum were active with ED50 values in the range of around 300 to 360 µg/ml. In the Caco‐2, HepG2 and MCF‐7 cell lines, the samples A. adauctum ssp. jacobaeifolium and A. adauctum ssp. palmensis were active with LC50 values ranging between 80–90 µg/ml. The secondary assay results of antimalarial activity of samples, A. adauctum ssp. adauctum, A. adauctum ssp. dugourii, A. adauctum ssp. erythrocarpon and A. adauctum ssp. jacobaeifolium have IC50 values <50 µg/ml. The samples demonstrated broad speciﬁc antimicrobial activity against ﬁve different microorganisms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening extracts of Madagascan plants in search of antiplasmodial compounds
Authors: Rasoanaivo Philippe , Ramanitrahasimbola David , Rafatro Herintsoa , Rakotondramanana Dina , Robijaona Baholy , Rakotozafy Armand , Ratsimamanga‐Urverg Suzanne , Labaïed Mehdi , Grellier Philippe , Allorge Lucile , Mambu Lengo , Frappier François 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne hundred and ninety plants, of which 51 are used to treat malaria in traditional medicine, were collected in ﬁve different ecosystems of Madagascar for a screening programme devoted to the search of naturally‐occurring antimalarial compounds. Thirty‐nine plants, of which 12 are used as herbal antimalarials, were found to display in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) lower than 5 µg/ml while 9 had an IC50 ranging from 5 to 7.5 µg/ml. Seventeen of them exhibited cytotoxic effects on murine P388 leukemia cells with an IC50 < 10 µg/ml. The biological activities were mostly located in the ethyl acetate fractions. Bioassay‐directed fractionation is underway to isolate the active constituents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plants used by a Quilombola group in Brazil with potential central nervous system effects
Authors: Rodrigues Eliana , Carlini E. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study focused on an ethnopharmacological survey among a group of Brazilian Quilombolas (descended from runaway slaves living in hideouts up‐country) whose therapeutic practices involve a combination of healing ceremonies and prescription of medicinal plants consisting of the use of, at least, 48 plants with possible effect on the central nervous system (CNS), cited in 53 formulas prescribed for 17 therapeutic indications, the main ones being: to fortify the brain, for insomnia, as a sedative, for insanity, weight loss, and rejuvenation. The formulas consist of one to ten plants, and each plant may be recommended for up to seven different therapeutic indications, with evidence of non‐speciﬁcity in the use of plants in this culture. Of these 48 plants, only 31 could be identiﬁed to the species level as belonging to 20 taxonomic families, with the Asteraceae, Malpighiaceae, Cyperaceae, and Myrtaceae as the most important families. Only eleven of these species have been previously studied and appear in scientiﬁc literature. Some of these plants are at present under study in the Department of Psychobiology of the Federal University of São Paulo. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial activity of volatile component and various extracts of Spirulina platensis
Authors: Ozdemir Guven , Ulku Karabay N. , Dalay Meltem Conk , Pazarbasi Baris 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe methanol, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts and volatile components of Spirulina platensis were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity (four Gram‐positive, six Gram‐negative bacteria and Candida albicans ATCC 10239). GC‐MS analysis of the volatile components of S. platensis resulted in the identiﬁcation of 15 compounds which constituted 96.45% of the total compounds. The volatile components of S. platensis consisted of heptadecane (39.70%) and tetradecane (34.61%) as major components. The methanol extract showed more potent antimicrobial activity than dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts and volatile components. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of wood damaging fungi and macrofungi for inhibitors of pancreatic lipase
Authors: Slanc Petra , Doljak Bojan , Mlinarič Aleš , Štrukelj Borut 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA total of 120 methanol and dichloromethane extracts, from 60 species of wood‐damaging fungi and 50 methanol/water extracts from macrofungi were screened for inhibition of pancreatic lipase using the chromogenic substrate p‐nitrophenylpalmitate. Of the extracts screened, those from Laetiporus sulphureus, Tylopilus felleus and Hygrocybe conica exhibited the highest lipase inhibitory activities of 83% ± 5%, 96% ± 3% and 97% ± 5%, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Senecio inaequidens DC. and Senecio vulgaris L.
Authors: Loizzo Monica Rosa , Statti Giancarlo A. , Tundis Rosa , Conforti Filomena , Bonesi Marco , Autelitano Giovanni , Houghton Peter J. , Miljkovic‐Brake Ana , Menichini Francesco 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extract, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, n‐hexane, n‐butanol and chloroform fractions of Senecio inaequidens DC. and Senecio vulgaris L. were assayed. The hexane extract of Senecio vulgaris L. (MIC 0.031 mg/ml) showed signiﬁcant activity against Trichophyton tonsurans. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity of tiger's betel (Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br., Piperaceae)
Authors: Wiart C. , Hannah N. A. , Yassim M. , Hamimah H. , Sulaiman M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ethanol extract of leaves of Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br. showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The activity was increased on fractionation (hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous), particularly in the aqueous fraction. No activity was shown against tested Candida albicans. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restoration of antioxidant defence by ethanolic Tinospora cordifolia root extract in alloxan‐induced diabetic liver and kidney
Authors: Mainzen Prince P. Stanely , Padmanabhan M. , Menon Venugopal P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of oral administration of an alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots on antioxidant defence in alloxan‐induced diabetes in rats. A signiﬁcant increase in the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver and kidney was observed in diabetic rats. Decreased concentration of glutathione (GSH) and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in liver and kidney of diabetic rats were also noted. Alcoholic Tinospora cordifolia root extract (TCREt) administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats orally for six weeks normalized the antioxidant status of liver and kidney. The effect of Tinospora cordifolia root extract was more potent than glibenclamide (600 µg/kg body weight). Insulin (6 units/kg) restored all the parameters to normal status. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of antitussive activity of Lagerstroemia parviﬂora leaf extract
Authors: Mazumder Avijit , Saha B. P. , Basu S. P. , Mazumder Rupa , Boominathan R. , Devi B. Parimala , Mandal S. C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe methanol extract of the leaves of Lagerstroemia parviﬂora Roxb was investigated for its effect on a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice. It exhibited signiﬁcant antitussive activity when compared with the control in a dose‐dependent manner. The L. parviﬂora extract (100, 200, 300 mg/kg) showed maximum inhibition of cough reﬂex at 90 min after drug administration and the antitussive activity was comparable to that of codeine phosphate, a standard antitussive agent. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinopin® – the rationale for its use as a food supplement in traveller's thrombosis and motion sickness
Authors: Scurr J. H. , Gulati O. P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVenous thrombo‐embolism (VTE) has been associated with periods of prolonged immobility during air, sea and road travel. Motion sickness (MS) has also been reported during both long and short journeys. Current prophylactic therapies for both these indications are generally associated with side effects.Physiological proﬁles of Pycnogenol® and Standardized Ginger Root Extract (SGRE) representing active constituents of Zinopin® have been described and reviewed in relation to their activities involved in the patho‐physiology of VTE (Traveller's Sickness) and MS and their safe use as food supplement, in traveller's thrombosis and motion sickness. The patho‐physiology of VTE and MS is discussed in light of epidemiological data and risk factors associated with these conditions.Rationale of development of Zinopin® and its mechanism of action are discussed based on physiological synergy of Pycnogenol® and SGRE. Conclusions are made in light of preliminary clinical ﬁndings obtained in an open controlled clinical trial. Further clinical study on Zinopin® on these lines is suggested. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overestimated diffusion coefficients for the prediction of worst case migration from PET: application to recycled PET and to functional barriers assessment
Authors: Pennarun P.Y. , Dole P. , Feigenbaum A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper defines parameters that can be used to predict worst‐case migration from recycled PET bottles, with and without a functional barrier. Starting with a set of diffusion coefficients determined in well‐defined experimental conditions (temperature, presence or not of a solvent, with and without swelling effect), empirical equations for the diffusion coefficient of a migrant or a pollutant in PET at 40°C are given as a function of its molecular weight. An equation is also derived for migration from PET into water. Surrogates representative of worst‐case migrants are identified and are discussed in terms of molecular weight, structure and interaction with the PET matrix. In the second part of the paper, the empirical equations have been used to simulate the migration from monolayer bottles and from multilayer bottles with different geometries of functional barrier, as a function of the pollutants' molecular weight. Since the diffusion coefficients are overestimated, the calculated migration is also overestimated, which provides a margin of safety. The advantage of the functional barrier technology is compared to the direct food contact route, as a function of food contact time. In the last part of the paper, the effect of testing temperature is investigated. Based on a literature survey, the activation energy of pollutants is shown to increase roughly with their molecular weights. A worst‐case activation energy of 80 kJ/mol is proposed, allowing extrapolation of migration data from a higher temperature (values calculated at 40°C or determined at 60°C) to room temperature. The possible use of this activation energy to design tests for functional barriers is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum chemical study of alternating N/B and N/C π bonds in (un)charged even‐membered 4n and 4n+2 cyclic systems and their related open systems
Authors: Buck Henk 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWith semi‐empirical MO and ab initio calculations at different levels, we investigated the π conjugation of alternating XY bonds with XY for N/B and N/C combinations in an open and cyclic arrangement. Although the intrinsic symmetry is lost for the acyclic even‐membered compounds, the alternation is still reflected in its geometry and electron‐density transfer. For the cyclic π compounds, we focused our attention on borazine N3B3H6 (D3h symmetry), which is isoelectronic with benzene (D6h symmetry). Specific attention is given to the electrophilic behavior of borazine with respect to CH and SiMe. The dynamics based on the results of FT‐ICR mass spectrometry was studied in more detail. In addition, the results of the cyclic systems with 4n and 4n+2 π electrons concerning their geometries are compared with the corresponding carbon compounds. Attention is also given to the dication of borazine, because of the corresponding triplet ground state of the benzene dication. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Ab initio study of reactions of 1‐halogen‐3‐methoxy‐1‐propynes with Grignard reagent
Authors: Ivanova Nina M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe structures of coordination complexes of methylmagnesium chloride with 1‐halogen‐3‐methoxy‐1‐propynes have been studied by means of ab initio methods (RHF/3‐21G*, RHF/6‐31G* and RHF/6‐31G**), taking into account the electron correlation by Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Two pathways of the nucleophilic halogen substitution reaction between the reagents have been considered. The calculations predict the addition–elimination mechanism as advantageous for the reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical study of one‐carbon unit transfer between methyl‐AICA and N1‐methyl‐N1‐acryloyl‐formamide
Authors: Qiao Qing‐An , Cai Zheng‐Ting , Feng Da‐Cheng , Jiang Yuan‐Sheng 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe mechanism of one‐carbon unit transfer between 1‐methyl‐5‐amino‐4‐carboxamide imidazole (M‐AICA) and N1‐methyl‐N1‐acryloyl‐formamide (the model molecule of 10‐f‐H4F) is investigated by the Hartree–Fock and DFT methods, respectively, at the 6‐31G* basis level. There are two different channels for the proton transfer, resulting in two reaction pathways with different properties. The results indicate that both channels can complete the reaction, but path a is slightly favored due to its lower active energy barrier. Furthermore, the influence of 4‐carboxamindde in M‐AICA is also discussed. This group can stabilize the reactant and intermediates, and reduce the active energy barrier through the intermolecular hydrogen bond. The intermolecular hydrogen bond results in an enlarged conjugation system and makes the transition states more stable. Our results are in agreement with experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical investigation of ion pair SN2 reactions of alkali isothiocyanates with alkyl halides. Part 1. Reaction of lithium isothiocyanate and methyl fluoride with inversion mechanism
Authors: Zhu Hua‐Jie , Ren Yi , Ren Jie , Chu San‐Yan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe gas‐phase ionic SN2 reactions NCS‐ + CH3F and ion pair SN2 reaction LiNCS + CH3F with inversion mechanism were investigated at the level of MP2(full)/6‐311+G**//HF/6‐311+G**. Both of them involve the reactants complex, inversion transition state, and products complex. There are two possible reaction pathways in the ionic SN2 reaction but four reaction pathways in the ion pair SN2 reaction. Our results indicate that the introduction of lithium significantly lower the reaction barrier and make the ion pair displacement reaction more facile. For both ionic and ion pair reaction, methyl thiocyanate is predicted to be the major product, but the latter is more selective. More‐stable methyl isothiocyanate can be prepared by thermal rearrangement of methyl thiocyanate. The theoretical predictions are consistent with the known experimental results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Cycloreversion and other gas‐phase reactions of neutral and cationic pyrrolidine‐fused chlorins and isobacteriochlorins under ion bombardment and electrospray
Authors: Izquierdo Raul A. , Barros Cristina M. , Santana‐Marques M. Graça , Correia A. J. Ferrer , Silva Ana M. G. , Tomé Augusto C. , Silva Artur , Neves M. Graça P. M. S. , Cavaleiro J. A. S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNeutral and cationic pyrrolidine‐fused chlorins and isobacteriochlorins derived from meso‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin undergo cycloreversion reactions in the gas phase, either when desorbed from a liquid matrix by ion bombardment or when electrosprayed. Cycloreversion occurs through loss of either neutral or charged moieties, with and without hydrogen and methyl radical migration, and both as high‐ and low‐energy collision processes. For the doubly charged isobacteriochlorin, one‐electron reduction with methyl loss occurs under ion bombardment and electrospray, through hypervalent pyrrolidinium radical formation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.