bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical enrichment by collapsars as the origin of the unusually high [Ba/Fe] in a massive star cluster of the dwarf galaxy NGC 1569
Authors: Leicester Brayden , Bekki Kenji , Tsujimoto Takuji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The super star cluster NGC1569-B has recently been observed to have an extremely high [Ba/Fe]. We consider that the observed high [Ba/Fe] ($\sim 1.3$) is due to the chemical enrichment of giant molecular clouds by either collapsars, neutron star mergers, or magnetorotational supernovae, and thereby investigate which of the three polluters can best reproduce the observed [Ba/Fe]. Since it is found that collapsars can best reproduce such an extremely high Ba abundance, we numerically investigate the star cluster formation in NGC1569 using chemodynamical simulations of merging dwarf galaxies with chemical enrichment by collapsars. The principal results are as follows: First, a cluster of the same scale as NGC1569-B was found to match both the observed [Ba/Fe] and [Fe/H] values, the best cluster having [Ba/Fe]$=1.3\pm 0.2$ and [Fe/H] $=-0.7\pm 0.2$. This simulation used a core-collapse supernova per collapsar rate of 70, a standard initial mass function and an initial metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.5. Secondly, a prediction of the Eu abundance of NGC1569-B is made: [Eu/Fe]$=1.9\pm 0.2$. These results are shown to be invariant under a change in the orbit parameters used for the merger. The need for a merger to promote the star formation that leads to the synthesis of the Ba and the star cluster formation is confirmed. Collapsars can not only better explain [Ba/Fe] but also be consistent with the observed star formation rate and stellar mass of the dwarf galaxy.
Blood monocyte fraction and computed tomography attenuation value of bone marrow in fever of unknown origin: A retrospective analysis for differentiating adult-onset Still’s disease and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Oda Nobuhiro , Matsui Hiroki , Hazue Ryo , Matsue Kosei , Takagishi Katsushige , Rokutanda Ryo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the factors affecting laboratory data and computed tomography (CT) attenuation values of L1 trabecular and femoral bone marrow, potential markers for differentiating between adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBL).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study on patients diagnosed with AOSD or IVLBCL. Clinical and laboratory data, and CT attenuation values of the bone marrow were compared. An exploratory analysis was conducted to identify factors useful for discriminating between the two groups.

Results
Thirty patients with AOSD and 14 with IVLBCL were included; among them, 17 and 14 patients, respectively, underwent plain CT. No significant differences in CT attenuation values were noted; however, significant differences in various clinical and laboratory data, including neutrophil counts and soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels, were observed. Exploratory analysis of the monocyte fraction, guided by previous reports, suggested a cutoff of ≥ 9.65% for IVLBCL, with a sensitivity of 64.3% and specificity of 96.7%.

Conclusion
This study suggests that, besides neutrophil counts and soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels, monocyte fractionation is a useful differentiation criterion between AOSD and IVLBCL.
Improving the generalization of protein expression models with mechanistic sequence information
Authors: Shen Yuxin , Kudla Grzegorz , Oyarzún Diego A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing demand for biological products drives many efforts to maximize expression of heterologous proteins. Advances in high-throughput sequencing can produce data suitable for building sequence-to-expression models with machine learning. The most accurate models have been trained on one-hot encodings, a mechanism-agnostic representation of nucleotide sequences. Moreover, studies have consistently shown that training on mechanistic sequence features leads to much poorer predictions, even with features that are known to correlate with expression, such as DNA sequence motifs, codon usage, or properties of mRNA secondary structures. However, despite their excellent local accuracy, current sequence-to-expression models can fail to generalize predictions far away from the training data. Through a comparative study across datasets in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, here we show that mechanistic sequence features can provide gains on model generalization, and thus improve their utility for predictive sequence design. We explore several strategies to integrate one-hot encodings and mechanistic features into a single predictive model, including feature stacking, ensemble model stacking, and geometric stacking, a novel architecture based on graph convolutional neural networks. Our work casts new light on mechanistic sequence features, underscoring the importance of domain-knowledge and feature engineering for accurate prediction of protein expression levels.
Low birth weight and chronic kidney disease with progression to kidney failure in children
Authors: Yen Fu-Shun , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Cheng Wan-Yin , Huang Chi-Ting , Wu Yi-Ling , Teh Suan-Heoh , Hwu Chii-Min , Hsu Chih-Cheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
It is unclear if low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) could synergistically cause chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This cohort study was conducted to examine their individual and combined impacts on the development of CKD and ESKD in childhood.

Methods
From the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, we identified 1 477 128 newborns born between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016. We used a multivariable Cox regression model to assess the excess risk of CKD and ESKD in children with LBW/preterm/SGA. They were followed from birth until the occurrence of outcomes or until December 31, 2018, with an average follow-up of 5.78 years.

Results
This study included 1 361 071 infants with birth weight ≥ 2500 g (92.14%), 104 855 infants with low birth weight (1500 g to &lt; 2500 g) (7.10%), 6 843 infants with very low birth weight (1000 g to &lt; 1500 g) (0.46%), and 4 349 infants with extremely low birth weight (&lt; 1000 g) (0.29%). The multivariable-adjusted model showed that male infants with low birth weight were associated with an increased risk of CKD (aHR 1.20, 95%CI 1.08–1.32) and ESKD (aHR 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.97). Female infants with LBW had an increased risk of CKD (aHR 1.18, 95%CI 1.06–1.32) and ESKD (aHR 1.31, 95%CI 1.09–1.58) than those without LBW. In addition to LBW, infants with preterm or SGA condition also had a significantly and synergistically increased risk of CKD and ESKD compared to full-term infants.

Conclusion
We found children with LBW, preterm birth, or small for gestational age had a significantly increased risk of CKD and ESKD compared to children without intrauterine growth restriction.
Carboplatin and vinblastine monthly in optic pathway and hypothalamic gliomas: a retrospective analysis in a single institute
Authors: Lin Ting-Bin , Kuo Chao-Yang , Chang Feng-Chi , Lin Shih-Chieh , Chen Yi-Wei , Liang Muh-Lii , Lee Yi-Yen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of optic pathway hypothalamic gliomas (OPHGs). Commonly used regimens include carboplatin and vincristine and monotherapy with vinblastine weekly. In this retrospective study, we used a monthly regimen of carboplatin and vinblastine to treat progressive/recurrent OPHGs and evaluated its effectiveness, visual preservation, and toxicity.

Methods
The study involved patients with OPGH who were treated with carboplatin and vinblastine once per month. The response, disease progression, overall survival, vision changes, and toxicity were recorded according to their medical charts at our institute, and survival was analyzed.

Results
A total of 25 patients were included, including 15 males (60%) and 10 females (40%). The response rate was 11/25 (44%), and the stabilization rate (complete response rate + partial response rate + minor response rate + and stable disease rate) was 21/25 (84%). The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 54.6%, and the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 46.8%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 100%. There were 6 patients who showed improved visual acuity (28.6%). Stable vision was found in 52.4% of patients. Only 2 patients experienced severe allergic reactions to carboplatin.

Conclusions
The results showed that extending the dosing interval of carboplatin and vinblastine to every month can be seen as a similar response compared with previous regimens. The toxicity of this regimen is milder, and patients benefit from a lower frequency of hospital visits. The regimen can be considered as a choice of the first line of chemotherapy for OPHG patients.
Mismatch between strong nest-site selection and low survival of nests and broods for Scolopax minor (American Woodcock) and its implications for conservation
Authors: Slezak Colby R , Delmonico Ian M , Kilburn Jennifer E , McWilliams Scott R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nest-site selection may reduce predation and enhance recruitment, especially in ground-nesting birds. Few studies have examined both nest-site selection and its potential effects on nesting success, even though predation risk and exposure to inclement weather may limit the effectiveness of nest-site selection. We assessed home-range and local-scale nest-site selection of Scolopax minor (American Woodcock) as well as nest and brood survival in Rhode Island, USA during the breeding seasons (March 15 to June 15) of 2020–2022. Specifically, we employed a use/available design and conditional logistic regression models to evaluate nest-site selection and used the Program MARK to estimate nest and brood survival. At the home-range scale, we found that nesting woodcock selected for early successional cover types (i.e., pastures, grasslands, or regenerating clearcuts) and areas closer to upland young forest and reverting agricultural openings. They also occupied forests and wetlands of varied species composition and age (i.e., upland young forests as well as upland and wetland deciduous forests, and emergent wetlands). At the local scale, females selected nest sites that provided visual concealment of the nest. Despite nest-site selection at 2 spatial scales, nest and brood survival were low (10% and 16%, respectively) and were not influenced by vegetation, landscape configuration, and weather. Given that woodcock nest-site selection is driven by vegetative structure and concealment, yet reproductive success was low, future management should experimentally alter forests to identify forest configurations that help mitigate predation and increase cover in fragmented landscapes, such as Rhode Island.
Long-term genetic and demographic surveys reveal the impact of population history, habitat change, and conservation efforts on the globally endangered Turdus helleri (Taita Thrush)
Authors: Cousseau Laurence , Sanczuk Pieter , de Mits Seppe , Vangestel Carl , Borghesio Luca , Githiru Mwangi , Lens Luc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Predicting the fate of threatened populations remains a challenge in conservation biology. The study of genetic and demographic time series is crucial to unravel the role of population history, anthropogenic disturbance and conservation actions on current demographic and genetic patterns. However, such studies are still rare in threatened species. In this study, we integrate a quarter century of population demographic (capture–mark–recapture) and genetic (microsatellites) data for the globally endangered Turdus helleri (Taita Thrush), a songbird endemic to the fragmented cloud forest of the Taita Hills, southeast Kenya. We found that the two largest remaining populations are prone to high demographic and genetic stochasticity. Furthermore, despite relatively high genetic diversity, the increase in inbreeding in recent years suggests vulnerability to extinction. Moreover, while the smallest population was close to extinction, assisted gene flow midway through the study led to a demographic rescue. We conclude that habitat protection, continued monitoring and conservation efforts are required for long-term survival of the endangered T. helleri, as the species may be prone to an extinction debt.
Disorder enhances the fracture toughness of 2D mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Fulco Sage , Budzik Michal K , Xiao Hongyi , Durian Douglas J , Turner Kevin T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mechanical metamaterials with engineered failure properties typically rely on periodic unit cell geometries or bespoke microstructures to achieve their unique properties. We demonstrate that intelligent use of disorder in metamaterials leads to distributed damage during failure, resulting in enhanced fracture toughness with minimal losses of strength. Toughness depends on the level of disorder, not a specific geometry, and the confined lattices studied exhibit a maximum toughness enhancement at an optimal level of disorder. A mechanics model that relates disorder to toughness without knowledge of the crack path is presented. The model is verified through finite element simulations and experiments utilizing photoelasticity to visualize damage during failure. At the optimal level of disorder, the toughness is more than 2.6× of an ordered lattice of equivalent density.
The politicization of influenza: partisan changes in flu vaccination before and after COVID-19
Authors: Sandlin Evan W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Democrats are more likely to be vaccinated for COVID-19 than Republicans. It is unknown if political polarization surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine has affected flu vaccine uptake. The purpose of this study is to examine the partisan differences in annual flu vaccine uptake before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This study uses longitudinal panel survey data from the Understanding America Study (UAS), spanning from 2015 to 2024. Using self-reported flu vaccination and partisanship over time, I estimate the odds ratios of flu vaccination for partisan groups before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the pre-vaccination phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and after the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results
In pre-COVID years, the predicted probability of flu vaccination was 0.54 ([0.52,0.56], P &lt; .000) among Republicans and 0.63 ([0.61,0.64], P &lt; .00) among Democrats. After the roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccine, the average flu vaccination probability was 0.44 ([0.43,0.46], P &lt; .00) among Republicans and 0.61 ([0.59,0.62], P &lt; .00) among Democrats.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic increased the partisan gap in annual flu vaccination. Researchers should continue to investigate if the partisan gap in other types of vaccinations has grown post-COVID. Practitioners may need to tailor their flu vaccine messaging to vaccine-hesitant political demographics.
Scarcity mindset facilitates empathy for social pain and prosocial intention: behavioral and neural evidences
Authors: Li Wanchen , Wei Zilong , Wu Jun , Song Ru , Liu Jie , Cui Fang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Empathy for social pain encompasses both affective and cognitive responses to others’ emotional reactions following negative social encounters, facilitating an understanding of their suffering and promoting prosocial behaviors. This study examined how a scarcity mindset affects empathy for social pain and prosocial intentions at behavioral and neural levels. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to either the scarcity or abundance mindset group. They viewed images of social exclusion or neutral scenarios and subsequently rated the perceived unpleasantness of the target person and their willingness to provide comfort during a stage-game paradigm. The results showed that participants in the scarcity mindset group demonstrated greater differentiation in their ratings of unpleasantness and willingness to comfort when exposed to social exclusion images compared to neutral ones, relative to the abundance mindset group. Electrophysiological data revealed that social exclusion images elicited larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes in the scarcity mindset group, but not in the abundance mindset group. Additionally, within the scarcity mindset group, affective empathy trait scores moderated the relationship between LPP amplitudes and willingness to comfort ratings. These findings highlight the amplifying effects of a scarcity mindset on empathy for social pain and prosocial intentions, and emphasize the role of affective empathy traits in this dynamic process.
Dispersal dynamics and introduction patterns of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Iran
Authors: Gustani-Buss Emanuele C , Salehi-Vaziri Mostafa , Lemey Philippe , Thijssen Marijn , Fereydouni Zahra , Ahmadi Zahra , Ranst Marc Van , Maes Piet , Pourkarim Mahmoud Reza , Maleki Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the dispersal patterns of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages is crucial to public health decision-making, especially in countries with limited access to viral genomic sequencing. This study provides a comprehensive epidemiological and phylodynamic perspective on SARS-CoV-2 lineage dispersal in Iran from February 2020 to July 2022. We explored the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 combining 1281 genome sequences with spatial data in a phylogeographic framework. Our analyses shed light on multiple international imports seeding subsequent waves and on domestic dispersal dynamics. Lineage B.4 was identified to have been circulating in Iran, 29 days (95% highest probability density interval: 21–47) before non-pharmaceutical interventions were implemented. The importation dynamics throughout subsequent waves were primarily driven from the country or region where the variant was first reported and gradually shifted to other regions. At the national level, Tehran was the main source of dissemination across the country. Our study highlights the crucial role of continuous genomic surveillance and international collaboration for future pandemic preparedness and efforts to control viral transmission.
De novo heart failure in patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in contemporary China
Authors: Xie Zhonglei , Xu Yamei , Song Yu , Wang Yanyan , Han Xueting , Sun Aijun , Qian Juying , Cui Xiaotong , Zhou Jingmin 
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose:
With the implementation of the Chest Pain Centers program, significant advancements have been achieved in managing risk factors and providing coronary interventional treatments in China. However, a notable gap exists in understanding the occurrence of de novo heart failure (HF) following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, related factors, and prognostic significance of de novo HF after STEMI in contemporary China.

Methods:
This cohort study used data from the Chinese Cardiovascular Association Database, which included patients hospitalized with a discharge diagnosis of STEMI between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, who had no history of HF. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality at 7 and 30 days obtained by linking to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:
Among 373,835 STEMI patients included, the mean age was 62.4 ± 13.0 years, with 23.5% being women. The incidence of de novo HF was 10.6%. Patients who developed de novo HF were older, more likely to be female, had a higher burden of comorbidities, were less frequently treated with reperfusion therapy, had longer delay in reperfusion time, and had a higher risk of 7-day all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.20–2.38, P < 0.001) and 30-day all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 2.33–2.48, P < 0.001). Independent factors associated with a higher likelihood of de novo HF in STEMI patients included older age, female, delayed reperfusion, elevated cardiac troponin, and a higher number of comorbidities.

Conclusions:
In contemporary China, de novo HF occurs in approximately 1 of 10 STEMI patients, and is associated with a worse prognosis. Reducing delays to reperfusion therapy is vital to reduce the risk for incident HF.
Expanded Uses of the Dorsal Nasal Flap: Redefining the Nasal Reconstruction Algorithm
Authors: Bene Nicholas C. , Ojeda-Badillo Gabriella A. , Rizvi Tasneem Z. , Lim Alan A. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Defects of the nose present complex reconstructive challenges to the plastic surgeon. We present our experience with using the dorsal nasal flap (DNF) to provide a durable reconstruction even in sizable defects that would otherwise be considered necessitating a paramedian forehead flap.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent reconstruction by DNF following resection of skin cancers on the nose. Six flap-type modifications are described: limited, standard, double, combined, extended, and readvanced.

Results:
From 2015 to 2021, a total of 51 patients underwent DNF reconstruction. The most frequently used flap types were the limited or standard configurations. There is a general trend of utilizing increasingly complex flap types to reconstruct larger defect sizes, as depicted in our reconstructive algorithm. There were no flap losses.

Conclusions:
Our study expands the indications of the DNF and redefines the nasal reconstruction algorithm. However, our proposition is not absolute in that one must consider tissue pliability and the location of the defect.
Exploration of the research hotspot and application rule of Tengligen in anti-digestive system tumor based on bibliometric analysis and data mining
Authors: Gao Kun , Ning Zixin , Yang Xiaoyu , Yue Jiping , Shen Li 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Based on the systematic bibliometric and data mining of the literature on the anti-digestive system tumor of Tengligen, the state of research, research hotspots and medication rules in this field were explored.

Methods:
From January 2004 to October 2024, literature pertaining to Tengligen’s anti-digestive system tumor was obtained from the CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 software were used to intuitively display the number of publications, authors, institutions, keywords and other information, and then analyzed. The medical record information of famous Chinese medicine treating digestive system tumors with prescriptions containing Tengligen was extracted, a database was established, and the association rule analysis and cluster analysis of Chinese medicine compatible with Tengligen were carried out by IBM SPSS Modeler18.0, SPSS Statistics 26.0 and other software.

Results:
There were 115 publications in all, and there was a growing tendency in the quantity of papers published in this area. There were 295 authors total, with 28 serving as key authors. The primary publishing institutions are Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, the First Clinical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Seven core tags were obtained by keyword cluster analysis, and research focuses on the mechanism of action, extract of Tengligen, clinical efficacy, etc. A total of 41 prescriptions containing Tengligen were included, involving 125 Chinese medicines, among which Tengligen was the most associated with Fuling, Huangqi and Yiyiren, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that Tengligen, Ezhu, Yiyiren and Huangqi were the core prescriptions.

Conclusion:
The scientific knowledge graph directly shows the research progress and hot trends of Tengligen against digestive system tumors, analyzes the rule of its clinical application, and provides a cutting-edge perspective for new research.