bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printing pressure optimization in reverse offset printing for micrograting fabrication
Authors: Komatsu Hayato , Takeda Yasunori , Wang Yi-Fei , Yoshida Ayako , Sekine Tomohito , Tokito Shizuo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Among the various printing technologies available, reverse offset printing is the most promising for transferring fine patterns. This study reports the experimental results of interfacial adhesion and elastic deformation of a blanket during the printing process to demonstrate the fabrication of a high-resolution silver thin-film pattern. Additionally, a silicon wafer was used as the printing template, which allowed for the production of a high-resolution template more easily and at a lower cost than conventional glass templates. We successfully patterned line/space = 4 μm/4 μm using the proposed printing technique, and this resolution can be applied to X-ray diffraction gratings according to simulations.
ﺃﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻧﻣﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺭﺍﺗﻳﺟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻛﺗﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﻐﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﺎﻟﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﻐﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ ﺃﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﺩﺭﻳﺱ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻧﻣﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺭﺍﺗﻳﺟﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻧﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻛﺗﺳﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻔﺎﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺟﻐﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻁﺎﻟﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﻐﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ
Authors: د. ﺒﺸرى ﺤﺴن ﻤذﻛور  
Published: January 2024

ﻴﻼﺤـظ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤؤﺴﺴـﺎت اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ و اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺴـﺘوى اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم اﻟﻌـﺎم ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌـ ارق اﻨﻬـﺎ ﻤـﺎ ازﻟـت
ﺘﻌﺘﻤد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻔظ و اﻻﺴﺘظﻬﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺘدرﻴس اﻟﻤواد اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ و ﻗﻠـﺔ اﺴـﺘﺨدام ط ارﺌـق اﻟﺘـدرﻴس
اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟـﺔ ﻤﻤـﺎ ادى اﻟـﻰ ﺘـدﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ وﻤـن ﺜـم ﺘـدﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـﺘوى اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻼﻤـذة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤـواد
اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺒﺼـورة ﻋﺎﻤـﺔ و اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺠـﻪ اﻟﺨﺼـوص ٬ و ﺘﻌـد ﻤﺸـﻛﻠﺔ اﻨﺨﻔـﺎض ﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ
اﻟطـﻼب ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺎدة اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴـﺔ واﺤـدة ﻤـن اﻟﻤﺸـﻛﻼت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘواﺠـﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤـﻴن و اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺔﻴن ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎﻝ
ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬـﺎ و ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬـﺎ ٬ و ﺘـزداد اﻟﻤﺸـﻛﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻘـﺎ ﻋﻨـدﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺘﻘـﻝ ﻫـذا اﻻﻨﺨﻔـﺎض اﻟـﻰ اﻟـﺘﻌﻠم اﻻﺴﺎﺴـﻲ اﻟـذي
ﻴﻌد اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﻰ ﻟﻠﻤ ارﺤﻝ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻼﺤﻘـﺔ ٬ ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﺘرﺘـب ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﺜـﺎر ﺘـﻨﻌﻛس ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤ ارﺤـﻝ اﻟﻼﺤﻘـﺔ

ﻛون اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ ﺘ ارﻛﻤﻴﺔ .
ان ﻤﺎدة اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤـواد اﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﻴـﺎة اﻟﻤـﺘﻌﻠم اذ ﺘﺘﻨـﺎوﻝ ﻓـﻲ د ارﺴـﺘﻬﺎ اﻻﻨﺴـﺎن و اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ و
اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻝ اﻟﺤﺎﺼﻝ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ . وﻫﻲ ﻤن اﻟﻤواد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘوي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴم و اﻟﻤﺼطﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ
ﻴﺼـﻌب ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟطـﻼب ﻓﻬﻤﻬـﺎ ٬ اذا ﻤـﺎ ﻗـدﻤت ﺒﺼـورة ﻤﺠـردة وﻟـو ﻨظرﻨـﺎ اﻟواﻗـﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌـ ارق
ﻨﺠـد ﺒﺎﻨـﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘـﻴﺢ اﻟﻔرﺼـﺔ ﻟطـﻼب ﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺴـﺔ اﻻﻨﺸـطﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻔﺴـﻬم ٬ ﻓﺄﻏﻠـب ﻤدرﺴـﻲ و ﻤﻌﻠﻤـﻲ اﻟﻤـواد
اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺨﺼوﺼـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠـﺔ اﻟﻤﺘوﺴـطﺔ ﻴﺼـب ﺠـﻝ اﻫﺘﻤـﺎﻤﻬم ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻨـب اﻟﻨظـري اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـدي
اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻔظ اﻟﺼم ﻤن دون اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺒﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟطﻼب وﺘواﺼﻠﻬم و ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻬم ﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺎدة ٬ و ﻤﻤـﺎ

اﺜﺎر ﺸﻌور اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ:
. ١ اﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻤدرﺴﻲ اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴﺔ ﻟط ارﺌق اﻟﺘدرﻴس اﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﻠﻘـﻴن و اﻟﺤﻔـظ و اﻻﺴـﺘظﻬﺎر و ﻗﻠـﺔ
اﺴـﺘﺨدام اﻟط ارﺌـق و اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ و ﻫـذا ﻤـﺎ اﺸـﺎرت اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻛـﻝ ﻤـن د ارﺴـﺔ (اﻟرﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ٬

(٢٠٠٨ (اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠﻲ (٢٠٠٥٬ .
. ٢ و اﻟﻤواد اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻌد ﻤﺎدة رﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒـﻴن ﻤـواد اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ اﻟﻤدرﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺘﺘﻨـﺎوﻝ ﻓـﻲ د ارﺴـﺘﻬﺎ
اﻻﻨﺴﺎن و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴطﺔ و اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻝ اﻟﺤﺎﺼﻝ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ و اﻟﻤﺸﻛﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺸﺄت ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ذﻟـك ٬ و ﻴﻌـوﻝ
الدلالات السايكولوجية والجمالية للحركة البطيئة في الفيلم التاريخي ( دراسة في عينات مختارة )
Authors: م. شذى حسين محمد العاملي  
Published: January 2024

تتبع الحركة البطيئة في الفيلم سلسلة من اللقطات الطبيعية وتنفرد بخصوصيتها النفسية والجمالية لدى المتفرج، لذا تمثلت مشكلة البحث في محاولة للاجابة عن التساؤل الاتي :
ماهية الدلالات السايكلوجية والجمالية للحركة البطيئة ؟
أهمية البحث والحاجة اليه :
تتجلى أهمية البحث والحاجة إليه في كونه يتصدى لموضوع الحركة البطيئة من خلال ارتكازها على أهم الأفكار والنظريات المنطلقة من ميدان علم النفس وعلم الجمال .
هدف البحث :
يهدف البحث إلى التعرف بأسلوب ميل جيبسون* في الحركة البطيئة سيكولوجياً وجمالياً.
حدود البحث :

الحدود الزمانية – الفترة من 1995 – 2004 .

الحدود المكانية – (الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية).

* ميل جبسون: مخرج وممثل ومنتج وراوية ومعلق أميركي الجنسية استرالي الأصل شارك في العديد من الأفلام حاز على ادوار البطولة.
The Role of the Slovene Umbrella Organizations SKGZ and SSO in the Field of Political Participation of Slovenes in Italy
Authors: Brezigar Sara , Vidau Zaira 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper discusses the role of the Slovene umbrella organizations SKGZ and SSO in the field of political participation of Slovenes in Italy. From a theoretical point of vhew the authors highlight important aspects of the role of umbrella organizations as a view of political participation of national minorities. Moreover, based on the results of an empirical study on representation in organizations of the Slovene community in Italy, they analyse major dilemmas of their functioning related to representation, decision-making processes (in the organization) and leadership and introduce a discussion on possible solutions.
The Slovenian Community in Croatia during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Riman Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article analyses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the life and work of the Slovenian community in Croatia, focusing on the attitude of the Republic of Slovenia towards the members of such community and the challenges they encountered in maintaining contacts with Slovenia. The article studies Slovenian and Croatian media reports as well as documents published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia. In addition, it examines data obtained from interviewees who live in the border area and/or are active members of the Slovenian community in Croatia. The testimonies largely relate to changes of the border regime that have affected the interviewees’ private and professional life. The processes resulting from the measures adopted to tackle the pandemic have indeed left a deep imprint on the lives of the members of the Slovenian community in Croatia.
Thirty Years of Slovene Language Learning in Croatia
Authors: Riman Barbara , Lukanović Sonja Novak 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article explores Slovene language learning among the members of the Slovene community in Croatia over the past thirty years and their efforts to preserve and revitalise the Slovene language in Croatia. Slovenes have held the status of a national minority in Croatia since 1990. Before that, they had been one of the constituent nations of the common state, i.e., the former Yugoslavia. At that time, there had been a decrease in the use of Slovene among the members of the Slovene community in Croatia who, apart from their relatives, could speak Slovene only in the two Slovene societies then operating in Croatia. Therefore, there had been no intergenerational transmission of Slovene. After 1991, the interest in learning the Slovene language grew. Various forms of learning Slovene are available and the number of learners is increasing. Slovene is no longer only the mother tongue of members of the Slovene community in Croatia, but is also gaining economic importance.
Bilingual Education as an Instrument of Ethnic Minority Protection: The Case of Italian L2 in the Slovene Littoral
Authors: Zorman Anja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The educational system is an essential form of institutional support to ethnolinguistic vitality. In the bilingual areas of the Slovene Littoral, Italian as minority language is offered in schools with Slovene as language of instruction as a compulsory subject with the aim of educating learners for interethnic and intercultural communication. The article discusses the relationships between social and individual factors in the development of communicative competence in the minority language. Data were collected by means of a Likert scale questionnaire. The results reveal the language behaviour of Slovene speakers as age related and strongly associated to the subjective relevance of Italian in their private life. Differences in contact with Italian were also observed, however they appear to be more related to levels of language proficiency than age.
Factors Influencing the Attitudes of the Majority Population of Slovenia towards Immigration
Authors: Medvešek Mojca , Bešter Romana , Pirc Janez 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study on the attitudes of the majority population of Slovenia towards immigration and the factors influencing such. The factors examined included: socio-demographic characteristics of the members of the majority population, contacts between the majority population and immigrants, and perceived economic, security, and cultural threats. We took as our premise two theoretical frameworks – group threat theory and intergroup contact theory. The results show that the majority population has a rather reserved attitude towards immigration and mostly believes Slovenia should tighten immigration conditions. The influence of individual factors on the majority population’s attitudes was tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Perceived threats, especially cultural threat, and to a lesser extent economic and security threats, emerged as the strongest predictors of attitudes towards immigration.
Can Young Members of Slovene Minorities in Neighbouring Countries be Useful for Slovenia’s Diplomacy?
Authors: Udovič Boštjan , Komac Miran , Brglez Milan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article deals with the issue of incorporating young members of Slovene minorities in neighbouring countries into Slovenia’s diplomatic and foreign policy activities. The key precondition for this is the perception of Slovenia as their kin-state. The paper brings two main findings: the first is that a definition of kin-state as a unique concept is problematic, since it changes with different variables. The second finding refers to a concrete case study of young members of Slovene minorities in neighbouring countries, who have different contexts and perceptions of Slovenia (and Slovenehood). This means that Slovenia needs a comprehensive overhaul – and adaption to different conditions – of its own understanding of its ethnic minorities in the neighbouring countries if it wishes to include its young kin in Austria, Croatia, Hungary and Italy in its foreign policy and diplomacy.
Implementation of the Special Rights of Members of the Italian National Community: The Case of the Central Library Srečko Vilhar Koper
Authors: Burra Aleksandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The role of bilingual institutions is crucial in developing bilingualism. The study proposes a performance management system to find out how one of the key cultural institutions in the ethnically mixed area – the Central Library Srečko Vilhar Koper – implements the special rights of members of the Italian national community in terms of the library’s operations and activities. The research method applied was case study. The descriptive method was used in the analysis of the research problem and research data. The analysis involved a set of five factors, and the success achieved by each factor was scored. The results suggest that the library properly implements institutional bilingualism. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement to achieve a full implementation of bilingualism.
Evaluation the concentration of interferon- gamma and, GM-CSF in patients with tonsillitis
Authors: Sabbar Dahkil Al-naely Abbas 
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted on 90 subjects whom have visited the AL-Sadder Medical City and Al-Hakeem hospital in AL- Najaf governorate between the period extended from February to August, 2013. Subjects of this study were seventy chronic or recurrent tonsillitis patients, their age ranged from: 4-33 years and comprised of 29 males and 41 females.. In addition, 20 (age-and sex-matched) healthy adults without any evidence of chronic inflammatory disease depended as the control group. Five milliliters of blood sample collected from each patient , for the purpose of obtaining a serum sample and measured the concentration of cytokines using ELISA technique . Results showed a significant increase to the high concentration of cytokines : interferon - gamma , colony stimulating factor granule cells and mononuclear , in all the groups of patients compared with those of healthy control group
Effect of imipramine on structures and shapes of wings of the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera : Calliphoridae)
Authors: Idan Kadhim Aliaa , Muhammad Hilal Saadi , Ali Okaily Riyad 
Published: January 2024

Geometric morphometric of wings was used to identify and know the variation in the size and the shape of the wings of two groups of blow fly species Calliphora vicina , one group composed of wings of adult flies resulted from larvae previously reared beef liver spiked with imipramine 25mg drug and the second group were the wings of adult flies emerged from larvae reared on untreated beef liver as a control group . The average centroid size of the left wing were 1361.15 for the treated resulted group and 1388.66 for the control group. Each groups were reared at same environmental conditions of humidity 37.16% RH and temperature 27.78 C˚ . The results showed that there were no significant differences in the average of the centroid size for the left wing for the blow fly C. vicina of the two groups , which probably means that the specimens of the treated group did not affected by the given drug- treated ( imipramine – treated ) diet .
PENGARUH LATIHAN FOOTWORK TERHADAP KELINCAHAN DAN KECEPATAN PADA ATLET BULU TANGKIS PB. KUSUMA NGAWI
Authors: Andy Widhiya Bayu Utomo  , Bekti Wulandari  , Arief Nur Wahyudi  
Published: January 2024

Permainan bulutangkis merupakan olahraga raket yang dimainkan 2 orang lawan (buat tunggal) atau dua pasang (buat ganda), yang mengambil posisi berlawanan di bidang lapangan yang dibagi dua oleh sebuah jaring (net) dimana raket menjadi tongkatnya dan shuttlecock sebagai objek pukulannya.. Tujuan permainan bulutangkis artinya berusaha mengembalikan shuttlecock ke bidang permainan lawan, mengupayakan lawan kesulitan untuk mengembalikan shuttlecock serta memenangkan permainan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan desain kuantitatif dan kuasi-empiris untuk mendemonstrasikan eksperimen sistematis dan berdasarkan fakta mengenai pengaruh latihan kaki terhadap kelincahan dan kecepatan pemain bulutangkis. Sampel yg digunakan ialah atlet putra PB Kusuma sebanyak 18 orang. Program perlakuan atau treatment dilakukan dengan frekuensi 3 sesi dalam seminggu selama 6 minggu. Hasil pre-test oleh Shapiro Wilk mengembalikan data normal. Pre-test menggunakan memakai uji Levene diperoleh data asal populasi yg sama/seragam. Perhitungan uji impak menggunakan uji t sampel berpasangan (α = lima%) diperoleh yang akan terjadi nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,00 buat kelincahan dan kecepatan. Kesimpulan yang didapat berdasarkan hasil perhitungan statistik yaitu latihan footwork berpengaruh terhadap kelincahan dan kecepatan pemain bulu tangkis PB Kusuma.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Materi Konsep Organ Tubuh Manusia bagi Siswa Kelas VII-c di SMP Negeri 3 Kaimana Tahun 2021
Authors: Hanik Dewi Umi 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Penguasaan Materi Konsep Organ Tubuh Manusia dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning pada siswa Kelas VII-c SMP Negeri 3 Kaimana. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dengan model spiral Kemmis & Mc. Taggart, langkahnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VII-c SMP Negeri 3 Kaimana. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus, tiap siklus terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes dan observasi. Teknik analisis data berupa analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan Penguasaan Materi Konsep Organ Tubuh Manusia dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning pada siswa Kelas VII-c SMP Negeri 3 Kaimana.. Hal itu ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah siswa yang mencapai KKM dalam tiap siklus dan persentase aktivitas kelas. Pada siklus II kendala sudah semakin kecil, penerapan metode Jigsaw sudah berkembang, kegairahan belajar IPA meningkat, dan penguasaan konsep IPA rata-rata kelasnya untuk Kelas VII-c putra naik menjadi 88, 27 dan Kelas VII-c putri naik menjadi 86,8 sehingga siklus ini diharapkan sebagai siklus pemantapan. Dari keseluruhan siklus I sampai II yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: dengan menggunakan Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan kompetensi belajar IPA khususnya dalam penguasaan konsep materi organ tubuh manusia untuk siswa Kelas VII-c SMP Negeri 3 Kaimana, , Suarakarta, hambatan-hambatan dalam penerapan metode Jigsaw dapat diatasi dengan penentuan materi dan pembatasan materi. Setiap siklus selalu membawa dampak yang positif ke arah peningkatan penguasaan konsep IPA siswa Kelas VII-c SMP Negeri 3 Kaimana, Kabupaten Kaimana, Tahun 2021
Política e inmanencia a través de Frédéric Lordon y Juan Manuel Aragüés. Estructuralismo de las pasiones, construcción de subjetividad y deseo de multitud
Authors: Gregorio-Tirado Sergio 
Published: January 2024

El propósito del presente artículo consiste en realizar un recorrido reflexivo en torno a las lecturas de Lordon y Aragüés acerca del paradigma político contemporáneo, destacando la importancia de conformar una política de la inmanencia. Acudiendo a autores como Spinoza o Deleuze, e inscribiéndose en la tradición althusseriana del materialismo del encuentro, ambas figuras, Lordon y Aragües, transitan diferentes problemáticas asociadas al estructuralismo de las pasiones, la construcción de subjetividad y el deseo de multitud, como se hará ver a lo largo del texto.
Dyslipidemia among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Veena H C, Vijayanath Itagi, R H Taklika  
Published: January 2024

Background
T2DM often have both quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of lipoproteins that are responsible for increased incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Incidence of coronary heart disease is three to four folds higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to non diabetics. It has been proposed that the composition of lipid particles in diabetic dyslipidemia is more atherogenic than other types of dyslipidemia.
Aims & Objective
Evaluate the changes in lipid profile level in diabetes and non diabetic patients.
Method
This study was conducted on 100 subjects (50 T2DM patients with history more than ten yrs diabetes and 50 non diabetic control) with the age group of 40–60 yrs. Fasting plasma glucose and different Lipid fractions were estimated using standard procedure. All values were expressed as mean ± S.D. Statistical significance of differences between control and study groups were evaluated by student's t test. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant.
Results
The serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerideswere significantly raised where as the level of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in diabetic subjects as compared to control.
Conclusion
Dyslipidemia is a common finding among DM patients. DM patients should be screened and appropriate management should be instituted to reduce the risk of CHD and atherosclerosis.
Comparative Analysis of CMAP Amplitudes of Electro-physiologically Evaluated Facial Muscles in Facial Palsy Patients
Authors: Virendra Verma , Gaurav Jain  
Published: January 2024

Background
The study describes the retrospective analysis of compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitudes in 50 cases (25 males & 25 females) of facial nerve palsy seen in our neurophysiology Laboratory during last two years.
Methodology
Clinically diagnosed cases of facial nerve palsy encountered at neurophysiology laboratory went under facial nerve conduction studies. Patients evaluated for CMAPs of orbicularis occli, Nasalis and Orbicularis oris muscles were analyzed
Results
Study included 50 male and female (n=25 each) patients of unilateral facial palsy with the mean age of 33.98 ± 14.13 yr. CMAP amplitudes of all the three muscles on affected side were significantly (p value <0.0001) lower compared to that of normal side. CMAP amplitudes in males and females were not significantly different over both affected and normal side muscles. ANOVA of affected and normal side muscles of all the patients showed significantly (p value <0.05) different CMAP amplitudes among both affected side and normal side muscles.
Conclusion
It was concluded that CMAP amplitudes are significantly reduced on the affected side in facial palsy patients and they do not reflect any gender differences. CMAP amplitudes show an increasing trend from orbicularis occuli, nasalis to orbicularis oris muscle.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Prevention and Treatment of Swine Flu in Population of Udaipur City
Authors: Paras Arvindbhai Parekh, Chanchal Shrivastav, G Indra Kumar  
Published: January 2024

Background
Swine flu has become a very common seasonal respiratory disease having larger number of morbidities and mortalities. It has created panic situation among general public and health care workers just because of lack of awareness regarding the same.
Aims & Objectives
This study was carried out to reach general public of every class for their perception for this pandemic disease. Knowledge regarding measures for prevention and treatments available if it occurs was the objective of this study. Also to find out myths prevalent in them and to create awareness in proper direction was the objective of this study.
Material and Method
This study was carried out on 500 people chosen randomly from different places of Udaipur having different class and strata. Study was done by making pre-formed questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using SPSS.
Findings
Major part of study population gain information from news papers and TV channels. 76% of study population had heard about swine flu by different resources. Myths are prevalent in 37% of populations regarding causes and mode of occurring of swine flu. Only 23% of study population knows importance of hand-washing as measure for preventing swine flu.
Conclusion
Though large campaign carried out by government and media, people needs to be made aware for every aspects of swine flu through ground level awareness programmes.
Correlation between Non-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Hba1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Bengaluru City
Authors: Suguna S, M.S.Kusumadevi  
Published: January 2024

Background
The common macrovascular complications of diabetes are heart disease and stroke, which accounts for about 50% of death in diabetic patients.1, 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common secondary cause of hyperlipidemia, particularly, if glycaemic control is poor. 3 Non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is a better measure of cardiovascular disease prediction in contrast with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients.
Objectives
In the present study, the correlation of non-HDL-C with HbA1c were examined and evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Method
A total of 50 type 2 diabetics were included in the study with a mean age of 55.78(SD: 13.77)years of both gender previously diagnosed regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics and were invited for the assessment of lipid profile and HbA1c levels in Infilife healthcare private limited of Bengaluru city.
Results
Mean (SD) Hba1c levels and Non-HDL levels were 7.60% (2.01) & 159.32(95.60) mg/dL respectively. The study revealed a significant correlation between Hba1c levels and Non-HDL levels with a correlation coefficient(r) of 0.29[p<0.05].
Conclusion
The present study showed that non-HDL-C positively correlates with HbA1c indicating better predictor of glycemic control among Type 2 Diabetes