bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal conditions of the equine descending (small) colon: 102 cases (1979-1989)
Authors: Dart Andrew J. , Snyder Jack R. , Pascoe John R. , Farver Thomas B. , Galuppo Larry D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The signalment, clinical and laboratory findings of surgical conditions, treatment, and outcome of 102 cases of descending colon disease in horses were reviewed. Abnormal conditions were categorized as enteroliths, impactions, strangulating lipomas, fecaliths, foreign body obstruction, volvulus, nephrosplenic entrapment, and other conditions. Eleven breed categories of horses were seen during this period. Arabians, ponies, and American miniature horses were more predisposed to descending colon disease than other breeds (P < 0.05). Female horses and animals >15 years old were more likely to be affected with descending colon disease, whereas horses <5 years old were less likely to be affected (P < 0.05). More specifically, Arabians, Quarter Horses, and Thoroughbreds >10 years old were breeds that were overrepresented when compared with the hospital population (P < 0.05). Enteroliths were most commonly seen in horses between 5 and 10 years old (P < 0.05) and were not seen in horses <2 years old. Enteroliths had a tendency to develop more commonly in Arabians and in female horses. Impactions affected horses >15 years old (P < 0.05) and had a greater tendency to affect ponies and American miniature horses. Female horses were more commonly affected by impaction than were males. Strangulating lipomas were commonly seen in horses >15 years old (P < 0.05) and more specifically female Quarter Horses (P < 0.05). Fecaliths tended to be a disease of horses <1 year old or >15years old and affected males more commonly than females. Ponies, American miniature horses, mixed-breed horses, and mustangs were the breeds most commonly affected. Surgical conditions were categorized as vascular (16%) or nonvascular (84%) conditions. Vascular conditions included strangulating lipomas (6%) and other conditions (10%). Nonvascular conditions included enteroliths (40%), impactions (25%), fecaliths (13%), and other conditions (6%). Horses with vascular lesions were older than horses with nonvascular conditions (P < 0.05). Peritoneal fluid values were high for all surgical conditions of the descending colon. Nucleated cell count and total protein concentration in peritoneal fluid retrieved from horses with vascular lesions were higher than in horses with nonvascular lesions (P < 0.01). Palpation per rectum revealed abnormal findings more commonly in horses with vascular compromise (P < 0.05). Of those horses taken to surgery, 91% were recovered from anesthesia and discharged; 90% of horses, for which the condition was monitored to at least 6 months after surgery, were alive. All horses that were medically treated were alive at least 6 months after discharge.
Dermatologic disorders of Chinese Shar Peis: 58 cases (1981-1989)
Authors: Miller William H. , Wellington Jocelyn R. , Scott Danny W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A retrospective study on the skin diseases of Chinese Shar Peis was conducted over a 9-year period. Skin disease was found in 58 (49.2%) of the 118 dogs studied. Folliculitis was the most common clinical finding (43 of 58 dogs). In 6 dogs, there was no apparent reason for the folliculitis; however, it was secondary to allergic dermatitis, demodicosis, IgA deficiency, or hypothyroidism in the other dogs. Approximately 20% of the dogs had more than one of these disorders. Serum IgA concentration was measured in 7 dogs and was low in all 7.
Comparison of endometrium before and after repair of third-degree rectovestibular lacerations in mares
Authors: Schumacher Jim , Schumacher John , Blanchard Terry 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The endometrial response of mares to repair of third-degree rectovestibular lacerations was evaluated. Endometrial biopsy specimens from 8 mares with third-degree rectovestibular laceration were obtained immediately before surgery and from 9 to 15 days after repair. Presurgical endometrial biopsy specimens were classified as category I for 2 mares; category II, attributable to slight endometritis, for 5 mares; and category III, attributable to moderate-to-severe endometritis, for 1 mare. Within 15 days after rectovestibular repair, all endometrial biopsy specimens were classified as category I. Results indicated that mares with third-degree rectovestibular injuries are candidates for breeding by artificial insemination by 2 weeks after repair of the injury.
Loop colostomy for management of rectal tears and small-colon injuries in horses: 10 cases (1976-1989)
Authors: Freeman David E. , Richardson Dean W. , Tulleners Eric P. , Orsini James A. , Donawick William J. , Madison John B. , Ross Michael W. , Beroza Gregory A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Loop colostomy was performed in 10 horses as treatment for grade-III rectal tears (n = 6 horses), small-colon infarction (n = 2 horses), perirectal abscess and stenosis (n = 1 horse), and small-colon stricture (n = 1 horse). In 7 horses, the colostomy was constructed through a single incision low in the left flank, with closure of the incision around the stoma (single-incision technique). In 3 horses, 2 of which had colostomy performed as a standing procedure, the selected segment of small colon was placed from a flank incision into a separate, small incision low in the left flank (double-incision technique).
Five horses underwent colostomy reversal (at 18 to 63 days) and 2 of these horses, both with grade-III rectal tears, recovered completely. Of 8 horses that did not survive, 6 died from the primary disease or associated complications. Technical problems associated with colostomy accounted for death of 2 horses. One horse had gastric rupture attributable to suture occlusion of the small intestine after colostomy reversal, and another horse had complications of incisional infection after repair of a peristomal hernia. Small-colon prolapse through the stoma necessitated premature reversal of the colostomy in a horse that was euthanatized because of worsening laminitis. Minor complications of the colostomy procedure were partial stomal dehiscence (n = 4 horses), partial dehiscence of the flank wound after colostomy reversal (n = 2 horses), and small ventral midline hernia after colostomy reversal (n = 1 horse).
Loop colostomy may be of benefit to horses with rectal tears, provided it is done soon after the tear occurs. The double-incision technique for loop colostomy is recommended, because it appeared to reduce the risks of peristomal herniation and stomal prolapse. Other recommendations are made to reduce complications of colostomy and facilitate reversal.
Intramedullary pinning of femoral diaphyseal fractures in neonatal calves: 12 cases (1980-1990)
Authors: St-Jean Guy , DeBowes Richard M. , Hull Bruce L. , Constable Peter D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 12 calves ≤1 month old, with fracture of the femoral diaphysis, were reviewed. Ten calves were within 1 week of birth at the time of diagnosis. Open reduction was accomplished by use of a lateral approach. Retrograde intramedullary pinning was accomplished in all calves, using 2 (n = 4 calves) or 3 (n = 8 calves) pins. Cerclage wire was used to supplement fixation in 7 calves. A closed continuous suction drain was placed along the lateral aspect of the femur in every calf.
Postsurgical complications included seroma formation over the middle gluteal musculature (n = 5 calves), pin migration (n = 6 calves), and osteomyelitis (n = 1 calf). Pin migration was observed in 4 calves that had been treated with nonthreaded trochar point pins.
Fractures in 10 of 12 calves (83%) were considered to have healed satisfactorily. One calf was euthanatized because of septic osteomyelitis of the femur. One calf was euthanatized because of persistent lameness and pin migration. Pins were removed in 8 of 12 calves (67%) between the 13th and 90th postoperative days. Results of this study indicate that application of intramedullary pins may be a useful solution for management of femoral diaphyseal fracture in young calves.
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum infection in dogs: 805 cases (1980-1989)
Authors: Patton Sharon , Faulkner Charles T. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Clinical records of 6,977 dogs examined at the small animal clinic of the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine from January 1980 through December 1989 were analyzed to determine the prevalence and changing frequency of Dirofilaria immitis and Dipetalonema reconditum infection. Using the Knott's test on these dogs, 805 (11.54%) tested positive for microfilariae, with D immitis in 430 dogs (6.16%), and Dip reconditum in 375 dogs (5.37%). Statistical analysis confirmed that the prevalence of D immitis and that of Dip reconditum were essentially equal in the population of dogs included in this study. There was a slight decrease in the prevalence of D immitis over the 10 years examined, but the prevalence of Dip reconditum remained constant. The results were not affected by year-to-year variability in the number of examinations performed. On the basis of our findings, in eastern Tennessee, those veterinarians who diagnose heartworm infection by the presence of microfilariae without differentiating the species involved, risk misdiagnosing 50% of the cases. If the patterns of prevalence seen in recent years continue, the chances of error may actually increase.
Urine cortisol:creatinine ratio as a screening test for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Mack Robert E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A urine cortisol:creatinine (c:c) ratio, determined from a free-catch morning sample, was evaluated in each of 83 dogs as a screening test for hyperadrenocorticism. The dogs evaluated were allotted to 3 groups, including 20 healthy dogs, 40 dogs with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism (hac), and 23 dogs with polyuria and polydipsia not attributable to hac (polyuria/polydipsia group; pu/pd). Overlap in the urine c:c ratios (mean ± sem), comparing results from the healthy dogs (5.7 × 10-6 ± 0.9) with those from the hac dogs (337.7 × 10-6 ± 72.0) was not found. However, 11 (64%) of the 18 values from the pu/pd dogs (42.6 × 10-6 ± 9.4) were above the lowest ratio in the hac group and 50% of the hac group had a urine c:c ratio below the highest value in the pu/pd group. When the mean urine c:c ratio (± 2 sd) for the group of healthy dogs was used as a reference range, 100% of the hac dogs and 18 (77%) of 23 dogs in the pu/pd group had abnormal urine c:c ratios. The sensitivity of the urine c:c ratio to discriminate dogs with hac was 100%. The specificity of the urine c:c ratio was 22% and its diagnostic accuracy was 76%.
On the basis of our findings, a urine c:c ratio within the reference range provides strong evidence to rule out hac. However, abnormal urine c:c ratios are obtained from dogs with clinical diseases other than hac. Therefore, measurement of a urine c:c ratio should not be used as the sole screening test to confirm a diagnosis of hac.
Effects of standard anticoagulants and storage procedures on plasma glucose values in seals
Authors: Castellini Michael A. , Castellini J. Margaret , Kirby Vicky L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Standard methods for the preservation of vertebrate blood samples for glucose analysis include collecting and storing the blood in evacuated tubes containing sodium fluoride (glycolytic inhibitor) and potassium oxalate (anticoagulant). We found that blood collected from 5 seals by venipuncture and transferred into these tubes had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower plasma glucose value than blood transferred into tubes containing heparin. In species in which rbc glucose concentration is significantly less than that in the plasma, fluoride and oxalate-induced hemolysis dilutes the plasma with cytoplasm and lowers the measured concentration of glucose in plasma. Therefore, although plasma glucose is used extensively in experimental and clinical analyses, standard techniques for handling the blood may create errors that could confuse comparisons between individuals or species.
Complications of nasogastric intubation in horses: Nine cases (1987–1989)
Authors: Hardy Joanne , Stewart Randolph H. , Beard Warren L. , Yvorchuk-St-Jean Kathleen 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pharyngeal or esophageal trauma was diagnosed in 9 horses after nasogastric intubation. Evidence of trauma (edema or ulceration) was detected in the pharynx of 3 horses and in the esophagus of 6 horses. Complications associated with nasogastric intubation were first observed in 5 horses while they were intubated and in 4 horses after extubation. Clinical signs of pharyngeal or esophageal trauma were similar, and included salivation, bruxism, coughing, and nasal discharge. Treatment, including extubation, enteral feeding through a small nasogastric tube, or esophagostomy distal to the affected site, was attempted in 6 horses. Three of 6 treated horses survived, but 4 of 5 horses with perforated esophagus were euthanatized.
Effects of vaccination against 18 immunogens in beef replacement heifers at weaning
Authors: Carmel D. K. , Barao S. M. , Douglass L. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Humoral immune responses to vaccination, mean daily body-weight gains, morbidity, and mortality were compared in groups of beef replacement heifers from weaning to 4 months after weaning. The only difference in management among groups of heifers was the number and type of vaccines they received. Heifers were vaccinated at weaning (mean age, 205 days) and again 28 days later against 0, 1,9, 10, 17, or 18 antigens, using commercially available monovalent and multivalent vaccines. The common vaccine component in all treatment groups was a modifed-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Mean daily gain, morbidity, mortality, and serum neutralization antibody titers to bovine respiratory syncytial virus did not differ among treatment groups. Although the study revealed the safety of vaccinating beef heifers against 18 antigens at weaning, our data emphasized the need for serial vaccination to induce a measurable serum antibody response.
Enteral feeding of dogs and cats: 51 cases (1989-1991)
Authors: Abood Sarah K. , Tony Buffington C. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Feeding commercial enteral diets to critically ill dogs and cats via nasogastric tubes was an appropriate means for providing nutritional support and was associated with few complications. Twenty-six cats and 25 dogs in the intensive care unit of our teaching hospital were evaluated for malnutrition and identified as candidates for nutritional support via nasogastric tube. Four commercial liquid formula diets and one protein supplement designed for use in human beings were fed to the dogs and cats. Outcome variables used to assess efficacy and safety of nutritional support were return to voluntary food intake, maintenance of body weight to within 10% of admission weight, and complications associated with feeding liquid diets. Sixty-three percent of animals experienced no complications with enteral feedings; resumption of food intake began for most animals (52%) while they were still in the hospital. Weight was maintained in 61% of the animals (16 of 26 cats and 15 of 25 dogs). Complications that did occur included vomiting, diarrhea, and inadvertent tube removal. Most problems were resolved by changing the diet or adhering to the recommended feeding protocol. Nutritional support as a component of therapy in small animals often is initiated late in the course of the disease when animals have not recovered as quickly as expected. If begun before the animal becomes nutrient depleted, enteral feeding may better support the animal and avoid serious complications.
Effect of concentration and source of sulfate on nursery pig performance and health
Authors: Veenhuizen M. Fleck , Shurson G. C. , Kohler E. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The effect of sulfate in drinking water at concentrations of 600, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/L on nursery pig performance and health was evaluated over 28 days on 415 weaned pigs. Sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate were evaluated in combination at concentrations of 600, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/L, and independently at concentrations of 600 and 1,800 mg/L in the drinking water. Seven treatment groups and 1 control group were evaluated for mean gain, feed consumption, water consumption, feed conversion, prevalence of diarrhea, and evidence of common postweaning enteric pathogens. Statistical analysis was performed, using analysis of variance with repeated measures including initial pig weight as a covariate. Prevalence of diarrhea was analyzed nonparametrically with a repeated measures design.
Results indicated that pigs drinking 600, 1,200, or 1,800 mg of sulfate/L water had increased prevalence of nonpathogenic diarrhea during the trial period. There was a trend for increased water consumption corresponding to increased sulfate in the water. Differences in mean daily gain, feed consumption, or feed-to-gain ratios were not observed.
Forty-five pigs were treated at least once during the trial and 4 pigs died, resulting in a nursery morbidity of 11% and mortality of 0.96%. Fourteen isolates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were found and rotavirus was isolated from 1 pig. Pigs in this study were not exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
Except for an increase in fecal moisture content (not associated with pathogenic diarrhea), concentrations of up to 1,800 mg of sodium, magnesium, or a combination of sodium and magnesium sulfate/L had no adverse effect on nursery pig performance.
Pneumonia associated with Salmonella choleraesuis infection in swine: 99 cases (1987-1990)
Authors: Turk James R. , Fales William H. , Maddox Carol , Miller Margaret , Pace Lanny , Fischer John , Kreeger John , Johnson Gayle , Turnquist Sue , Ramos J. A. , Gosser H. S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Salmonella choleraesuis was isolated in pure or mixed bacterial cultures from 153 swine necropsied between Jan 1, 1987 and Dec 31, 1990. Pneumonia was seen in 99 of 109 swine from which this bacterium was isolated in the absence of other pathogenic bacteria. Pneumonia was seen more frequently than hepatitis, splenomegaly, or colitis. Pleuropneumonia that was grossly indistinguishable from the pleuropneumonia associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was seen in 29 of 99 swine from which S choleraesuis was the only bacterium isolated.
Difficult Dermatologic Diagnosis
Authors: Vestweber J. G. , Kennedy G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
This feature is being sponsored by the American College of Veterinary Dermatology. Readers are invited to submit contributions, which should include: (1) a brief description of the case (150-500 words); (2) good-contrast glossy photographs, 5 by 7 in (color photographs will be accommodated without charge when color is deemed pivotal to the diagnosis), with internal scale marker for photomicrographs or electron micrographs; (3) a brief discussion of the abnormalitv that em~hasizesd ifferential diagnosis and prognosis and not prevalence and treatment.
Send comments and photographs to Dr. Peter J. Ihrke, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, or Dr. Stephen D. White, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
Transfusion practices and costs in dogs
Authors: Howard Alice , Callan Beth , Sweeney Mark , Giger Urs 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A geographically stratified sample of 25 small-animal practices administering at least six transfusions to dogs over the last 12 months was surveyed to determine how veterinarians obtain blood for transfusions, the direct costs of administering transfusions, and the impact of available blood on the management of critically ill dogs. The primary source of donor blood for each practice was a borrowed dog (12 practices) or in-house dogs kept on the premises (12 practices). Only one practice obtained blood from a nearby veterinary school.
There was a wide variation in practices regarding testing for diseases and screening of donors. Thirty-six percent of practices surveyed did not screen dogs for infectious diseases or evaluate hematologic variables prior to blood donation. Twenty-four percent of the respondents evaluated the donors solely for the purposes of detecting microfilaria. The remaining 40% of the practices performed one or more of the tests generally recommended as part of a screening program for potential blood donors. The blood type of donors was determined in eight of the practices, whereas blood typing of recipients was not routinely performed. Ten of 25 practices performed blood crossmatches, but only one practice performed crossmatches in all cases.
The distribution of direct costs per whole blood transfusion (500-ml unit) ranged from 25 to more than $300, with three fourths of the practices having costs less than $100. The higher-cost practices were those that maintained donors on the premises specifically for blood donation purposes. More than 80% of the respondents underestimated their collection costs by more than 25%, and approximately half of the practices did not recover their direct costs of transfusion. Because veterinarians viewed transfusions as a lifesaving measure in more than 80% of cases, fee recovery may have been less important than survival of the dog.
Comparison of computed tomography and radiography for detecting changes induced by malignant nasal neoplasia in dogs
Authors: Park Richard D. , Beck Elsa R. , LeCouteur Richard A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The ability of computed tomography and radiography to detect changes associated with nasal neoplasia was compared in dogs. Eighteen areas or anatomic structures were evaluated in 21 dogs for changes indicative of neoplasia. Computed tomography was superior (P ≤ 0.05) to radiography for detecting changes in 14 of 18 areas. Radiography was not superior for detecting changes in any structure or area. Computed tomography reveals vital information not always detected radiographically to assist in providing a prognosis and in planning treatment for nasal neoplasms in dogs.