bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of being earnest: displayed emotions and witness credibility
Authors: Kaufmann Geir , Drevland Guri C. B. , Wessel Ellen , Overskeid Geir , Magnussen Svein 
Published: December 2002

AbstractParticipants viewed one of six video‐recorded versions of a rape victim's testimony, role‐played by a professional actress in one of six versions: Two versions of the testimony, representing a strong and a less strong rape scenario, were given in a free‐recall manner with one of three kinds of emotions displayed, termed congruent, neutral and incongruent emotional expressions. Credibility judgements were strongly influenced by the emotions displayed, but not by the content of the story. When video watching was compared to reading a transcript of the testimony, results indicated that perceived credibility was reduced when the witness displayed neutral or incongruent emotions. Story content and displayed emotion contributed equally to estimates of the probability of a guilty verdict. We conclude that perception of credibility is strongly influenced by social stereotypes regarding appropriate emotional expression. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing prescribing decisions in the treatment of depression: a social judgement theory approach
Authors: Smith Liz , Gilhooly Ken , Walker Anne 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe under‐diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of depression in primary care has become a serious public health problem despite the development of many clinical guidelines to guide recognition and treatment of the disorder. This study aims to investigate decision‐making processes and to identify factors which influence general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing decisions and how these factors differ from those the guidelines recommend. Brunswik's lens model, from Social Judgement Theory (SJT), was employed to explore individual treatment decision policies of 40 GPs in the Grampian region of Scotland for 20 case vignettes. These individual policies were then aggregated and compared with those derived from guideline recommendations; important differences emerged between the two in the utilization of cues and there was considerable variation between GPs' policies. Guidelines placed more importance on the duration of symptoms whereas GPs gave weight also to particular symptoms, such as ‘thoughts of suicide’ and ‘sleep disturbance’ and patient treatment preference. GPs prescribed antidepressants at a greater rate than was recommended by the guidelines. The findings have important implications for implementation strategies, which maybe developed to accompany clinical guidelines. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's reports of emotionally laden events: adapting the interview to the child
Authors: Salmon Karen , Roncolato Wendy , Gleitzman Melanie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined the influence of expressive vocabulary and temperament on children's verbal reports about emotionally laden events in different interview conditions. In one of three conditions, 58 children aged between 5 and 7 years were interviewed about a time they had felt happy and a time they had felt scared. The interview conditions were: drawing, in which they were asked to draw and tell; re‐enactment, in which they were asked to re‐enact and tell; and verbal, in which they were simply asked to tell. The principal finding was that, whereas for children in the verbal interview condition expressive vocabulary was associated with the amount of information reported and for children in the re‐enactment condition, temperament had a moderate association with the amount reported, for children in the drawing interview condition, neither temperament nor expressive language was associated with the amount of information reported. Children in the drawing condition reported more information than those in the other two interview conditions. The possible mechanisms underlying these findings and their implications for interviewing children in clinical contexts are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distortion of autobiographical memories
Authors: Niedźwieńska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to create the conditions of real discussion concerning the past in an experimental setting and examine their effect on subsequent recollections of autobiographical events. Sixty first‐year Jagiellonian University students described two important autobiographical events twice. In between the two recall sessions, participants from the experimental group viewed two films. The first was a short televised account of the two events; the second was a corresponding videotaped description of the personal experiences of a young woman. In addition, participants were asked to imagine what she had been talking about. Most of the participants from the experimental group incorporated elements of the woman's description into their own subsequent accounts. In spite of this, they rated the vividness and the accuracy of their posttest memories as very high. The results are discussed in terms of source misattribution as a distortion mechanism in episodic memory. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affecting the perception of verbal cues to deception
Authors: Strömwall Leif A. , Anders Granhag Pär 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAn important but overlooked factor in deception detection research is how the perception of verbal cues to deception can be affected by situational factors. This study examined how participants' (N = 200) perceptions were influenced by presentation mode (Experiments 1 and 2) and repeated exposure/assessment (Experiment 3). As predicted, presentation mode affected the perception of several verbal cues. Participants who watched a videotaped testimony rated the degree of the cues richness of detail, completeness, logical structure and plausibility, higher than those who read the transcript of the same testimony. Furthermore, repeated exposure to the testimony, in combination with repeated assessments, lowered the participants' ratings of the verbal cues. People's perception of the verbal content of a testimony can thus be affected by situational factors. The results are discussed in psycho‐legal terms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating coherence out of chaos? Children's narratives of emotionally positive and negative events
Authors: Fivush Robyn , Hazzard Ann , McDermott Sales Jessica , Sarfati Deborah , Brown Trina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe ways in which children narrate about emotionally negative events is intricately linked to the ways in which they create meaning and, ultimately, cope with such experiences. In this study we interviewed 5‐ to 12‐year‐old children growing up in violent communities about both emotionally positive and negative experiences. Children were able to report a great deal of information about both types of events, but they reported more objects and people, and used more descriptive detail, when narrating positive experiences. In contrast, children included more information about their thoughts and emotions when narrating negative experiences, and recounted these experiences more coherently. Few differences were found as a function of children's age, time since the events occurred, reported family discussion about the events, level of exposure to community violence or level of child behaviour problems. Implications of these findings for how children strive to create meaning out of the stressful events of their lives are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source monitoring and suggestibility to misinformation: adult age‐related differences
Authors: Mitchell Karen J. , Johnson Marcia K. , Mather Mara 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe compared young and older adults' source monitoring performance on an explicit source identification test using the misinformation paradigm. Several age‐related differences in source memory were demonstrated: (a) older adults were more likely than were young adults to say that they saw information that was actually only suggested to them; (b) older adults were more confident in their false memories than were young adults; (c) older adults were less confident in their accurate memory for the source of information than were young adults. Together, the data suggest that older adults either lacked or failed to use helpful diagnostic source information (e.g. perceptual details or temporal information), and that their confidence in their false memories reflected an over‐weighting of semantic information. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of slow‐ and rapid‐cooling protocols for early‐cleavage‐stage Macaca fascicularis embryos
Authors: Curnow E.C. , Kuleshova L.L. , Shaw J.M. , Hayes E.S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCryostorage of nonhuman primate embryos by time‐consuming slow‐cooling methods is often limited to early cleavage stages. Effective rapid‐cooling methods have been developed for many species and represent valuable tools for laboratory‐ and field‐based studies of nonhuman primate reproductive biology. However, few rapid‐cooling protocols have been applied to nonhuman primate embryos in terms of comparing various developmental stages. Here we compare slow cooling vs. two‐ and three‐step rapid cooling of two‐, four‐, and eight‐cell Macaca fascicularis (Mf) embryos. Rapid cooling was conducted in open pulled straws (OPS) using cooling solutions containing reduced quantities of ethylene glycol (EG) and supplemented with either of two high‐molecular‐weight polymers, ficoll and dextran. The survival of the slow‐cooled embryos, but not the rapid‐cooled embryos, was independent of embryonic stage at cryostorage. Slow cooling was associated with greater cell survival (82%) post thaw compared to warming following rapid cooling (18–29%). Slow cooling resulted in a high proportion of embryo survival (18/20; 90%) and cleavage (15/18; 83%) post thaw. Rapid cooling resulted in significantly reduced percentages of embryo survival (26–32%) and embryo cleavage in culture (29–38%) after warming. Conventional slow cooling was more effective than the rapid‐cooling protocols employed in this study for cryopreservation of early‐cleavage‐stage Mf embryos. Am. J. Primatol. 58:169–174, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incident of intense aggression by chimpanzees against an infant from another group in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Kutsukake Nobuyuki , Matsusaka Takahisa 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe document here an unusual case of intense aggression against an infant male from another group by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of the Mahale Mountains National Park, in Tanzania. Adult males of the study group collectively attacked an unknown male infant. Although an unknown female, probably the mother, tried to retrieve him, the infant was seriously injured and most likely died. During this incident, the unknown female attacked and injured two researchers. After the aggressive encounter, it was found that six of the nine adult males in the study group were wounded. Attacking the extragroup male infant may have the effect of weakening the future power of the neighboring group, leading to better access to resources and enhanced safety in the future for the study group. Am. J. Primatol. 58:175–180, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis: Mitochondria are both precedented and novel targets for drug development
Authors: Howell Neil 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBiotechnology companies frequently struggle to convince potential partners or investors that the company's research is cutting‐edge, but not so novel as to be an unattractive risk. MitoKor is a biotechnology company that focuses on the development of drugs that act on mitochondrial targets. From a review of the scientific literature, it is clear that a number of drugs act on mitochondrial pathways although that site of action was usually not recognized or understood during early‐stage development. At the same time, only a small fraction of all mitochondrial proteins have been identified. Therefore, it appears that mitochondria are a source of both novel and precedented drug targets. With the rapid pace of scientific research, it will be a continuing challenge for biotechnology companies to navigate between being too novel and not being novel enough. Drug Dev. Res. 57:75–82, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biotech and pharma: State of the relationship in the new millennium
Authors: Cunningham Brian C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe relationship between biotech and big pharma is undergoing a sea change. Pharmaceutical companies are failing to turn out significant numbers of new drugs from their internal R&D efforts and must increasingly fill their pipelines by in‐licensing products from biotech companies. Conversely, biotech is more prolific than ever, with the number of approved drugs and late‐stage clinical candidates ballooning in the last few years. However, spurred by changes in the marketplace, including the emergence of new potential partners such as clinical service organizations (CSOs) as well as infusions of capital from the financial market boom of 2000, biotech companies are retaining greater control of their drug candidates and opting for new types of marketing alliances that may or may not include big pharmaceutical concerns. If pharma wants to remain a marketing partner of choice in this new climate, it must fundamentally change the way it views and deals with biotech. Drug Dev. Res. 57:97–102, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The importance of interviewing in building a successful biotech (or other) company
Authors: Simmerman Shelley B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn a market where no company—regardless of size (Enron) or industry (yes, even biotech)—can afford to lose face, time, or its competitive edge, both leaders and followers at all levels of the organizational structure are being called upon to not only give more, but to believe in more, to stand for more, and to be certain of less while doing so. Building and maintaining the momentum needed to keep up in this kind of environment is a tough job, requiring multiple skill sets, and it cannot be tackled by those at the top alone. Hiring people up and down the chain who can provide not simply a strong set of technical skills, but also emotional strength and relationship savvy, can make the difference between success and failure. One of the areas in which technical skills play such a critical role and are so highly sought, often at the expense of the more social skills, is the biotech/pharmaceutical industry, and yet even science is no longer immune to the pitfalls of hiring an unbalanced staff. I believe, and hope to show you how, conducting interviews that are designed to assess more than a candidate's technical skills will yield a richer employee base that is capable of making not only the intellectual contribution, but the emotional contribution today's companies cannot survive without. Drug Dev. Res. 57:103–105, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remote attack detection method in IDA: MLSI‐based intrusion detection with discriminant analysis
Authors: Asaka Midori , Onabuta Takefumi , Inoue Tadashi , Okazawa Shunji , Goto Shigeki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn order to detect intrusions, IDA (Intrusion Detection Agent system) initially monitors system logs in order to discover an MLSI—which is a certain event which in many cases occurs during an intrusion. If an MLSI is found, then IDA judges whether the MLSI is accompanied by an intrusion. We adopt discriminant analysis to analyze information after IDA detects an MLSI in a remote attack. Discriminant analysis provides a classification function that allows IDA to separate intrusive activities from nonintrusive activities. Using discriminant analysis, we can detect intrusions by analyzing only a part of the system calls occurring on a host machine, and we can determine whether an unknown sample is an intrusion. In this paper, we explain in detail how we perform discriminant analysis to detect intrusions, and evaluate the classification function. We also describe how to extract a sample from system logs, which is necessary to implement the discriminant analysis function in IDA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 50–62, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10053
A security method for passive double star optical access systems
Authors: Miki Noriki , Kumozaki Kiyomi , Ueda Hiromi , Watanabe Ryuichi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn a passive double star optical access system, an optical line terminal and multiple subscriber units are connected in a Point to Multi‐Point (P‐MP) configuration. In this case, the downstream signals from the optical line terminal are broadcast and delivered to all of the subscribers. Therefore, security is necessary for the communication of each subscriber to be protected from the other subscribers. In this paper, of the previously proposed encryption methods, we focus on stream ciphers that feature a compact cryptography circuit and are affected slightly by the bit errors generated in the transmission path, define the unique conditions of this system, and propose an encryption method for downstream signals that satisfies these system conditions. This new proposed encryption method features strengthening resistance to attack by using the upstream signal as the key and can be implemented in a small‐scale circuit. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 42–49, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10068
A study of digital optical signal multiplexing technique using short pulse amplitude modulation
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroaki , Numata Kazunori , Morikura Susumu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAs an optical multiplexing system to be applied to the uplink of a passive optical network, the authors propose short pulse amplitude modulation as a form of optical CDM. Although this method has the attractive feature that no timing control and wavelength control is necessary, the number of multiplexed optical signals is limited by the optical beat interference. In this paper, the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the number of optical signals that can be multiplexed are theoretically discussed when digital signals are transmitted with short pulse amplitude modulation in the case where the DFB‐LDs with identical wavelengths are used as the optical sources and the optical beat interference is generated within the signal bandwidth. It is found that the number of optical signals that can be multiplexed is 8 when the signal speed is 100 Mb/s and the amount of chirp in the LD is 280 MHz/mA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 35–41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10075
Base station polarization diversity antenna for private mobile communications
Authors: Mori Kikuo , Moriyama Eimatsu , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAntennas for private mobile communications are required to have enhanced performance and miniaturization in order to deal with high‐performance mobile communications for the next generation. In this paper, with regard to the polarization diversity H antenna using the correlation between polarizations proposed as a base station antenna, the results of an analysis of the structure, characteristics, and effectiveness of the polarization diversity H‐type antenna in an actual environment obtained from field experiments are presented. The polarization diversity H antenna has a turnstile H element for the horizontal polarization and a dipole for the vertical polarization. The optimum shapes of each polarization antenna are derived. Also, in the diversity configuration, a structure optimizing the directivity and mutual coupling is derived. A field experiment is carried out at 150 MHz, the frequency presently used for operations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 10–18, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10078
Mobile packet data communication network and its implementation
Authors: Onuki Masafumi , Sugiyama Kazuo , Sasada Koji , Fujiya Hiroshi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe authors intended to realize Internet access by mobile terminal and billing by the amount of information, as well as improvement of the spectrum efficiency in air access. For those purposes, they developed the PDC packet mobile communication system. That system realizes a data rate of 28.8 kb/s, which is at most 3 times the conventional link switching (9.6 kb/s), by realizing three‐slot parallel access in 3 ch TDMA. The network realized the service combining voice and packet, with a flexible structure independent of the user protocol. It has the feature that the access link is provided to the Internet service provider and the user LAN, as well as the open interface to connect multiple providers. This paper discusses the core network architecture of the PDC packet communication system. The requirement for the core network is described first. Then the mobility control, the data transfer control, and the system/protocol configuration are discussed. Lastly, the developed system is evaluated from the viewpoint of performance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 72–85, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1159
Simulation analysis methods for mobile communication network traffic characteristics evaluations
Authors: Okamoto Masaki , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe traffic in the mobile communication network is increasing very rapidly, and intensive studies seek to enlarge the capacity of the network. In mobile communication, the moving characteristics and the communication characteristics of the mobile terminal have a large effect on the traffic characteristics, which makes the analysis difficult. In this paper, the service area is divided into unit areas called mobility zones, and each mobile terminal is assumed to perform a random walk among the mobility zones. It is also assumed that the mobile terminal takes one of the communication states (idle and communicating). Certain time distributions are assumed for the residence time and the duration of communicating state of the mobile terminal. The state of the communication network is represented by two expressions, and simulation procedures are proposed based on those expressions. Last, in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed analysis, several examples of analysis are presented for the mobile communication network models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 86–93, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1160
Performance modeling and evaluation of Web systems with proxy caching
Authors: Fujita Yasuyuki , Murata Masayuki , Miyahara Hideo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWith the rapid expansion of Internet use and the recent development of multimedia, improving the quality of the Internet is becoming a crucial issue. To construct a network system with high performance for cost, an effective analysis must be made of the characteristics of the traffic flowing on the network, the processing performance of the Web server, and the processing performance of the proxy server with caching functions, and the resources must be allocated with good balance. In this paper, we present a modeling and performance evaluation of an entire Web system, including the Web server and proxy server. In particular, this paper presents basic data on the processing performance of the caching function of the proxy server acquired by benchmarking. A model of processing performance is presented. Then, taking account of past results, a performance evaluation model for the entire Web based on the newly constructed model is presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(4): 94–106, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1161