bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of thermoresponsive amphiphilic block copolymers incorporating a poly(ethylene oxide‐stat‐propylene oxide) block
Authors: Aubrecht Katherine B. , Grubbs Robert B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAmphiphilic BuO‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐block‐PLA‐OH diblock and MeO‐PEO‐block‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐block‐PLA‐OH triblock copolymers incorporating thermoresponsive poly(ethylene oxide‐stat‐propylene oxide) (PEO‐stat‐PPO) blocks were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of lactide (LA) initiated by macroinitiators formed from treating BuO‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐OH and MeO‐PEO‐block‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐OH with AlEt3. MeO‐PEO‐block‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐OH was prepared by coupling MeO‐PEO‐OH and HO‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐OH, followed by chromatographic purification. The cloud points of 0.2% aqueous solutions are between 36 and 46 °C for the diblock copolymers that contain a 50 wt % EO thermoresponsive block and 78 °C for the triblock copolymer that contains a 75 wt % EO thermoresponsive block. Variable temperature 1H NMR spectra recorded on D2O solutions of the diblock copolymers display no PLA resonances below the cloud point and fairly sharp PLA resonances above the cloud point, suggesting that desolvation of the thermoresponsive block increases the miscibility of the two blocks. Preliminary characterization of the micelles formed in aqueous solutions of BuO‐(PEO‐stat‐PPO)‐block‐PLA‐OH conducted using laser scanning confocal microscopy and pulsed gradient spin echo NMR point to significant changes in the size of the micellar aggregates as a function of temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5156–5167, 2005
Inelastic light scattering of hydrogen containing open‐cage fullerene ATOCF
Authors: Rafailov P. M. , Thomsen C. , Bassil A. , Komatsu K. , Bacsa W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe cover picture of the current issue refers to the Rapid Research Letter by Rafailov et al. [1]. The article presents Raman measurements on Aza‐Thia Open‐Cage Fullerene (ATOCF) containing hydrogen molecules. The authors analyze the spectral bands of empty and H2‐filled ATOCF and compare them with Raman spectra of pristine C60. The picture shows a C60‐derived open‐cage fullerene hosting an H2 molecule.The first author Peter Rafailov works on Raman spectroscopy of C60 crystals and intercalated compounds as well as on carbon nanotubes. He focuses on spectroelectrochemistry and on electron–phonon coupling. He holds a permanent position at the Institute of Solid State Physics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Analysis of acetylcholine and choline in microdialysis samples by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Uutela Päivi , Reinilä Ruut , Piepponen Petteri , Ketola Raimo A. , Kostiainen Risto 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of acetylcholine and choline in microdialysis samples. A Ringer's solution that contains high (150 mM) concentrations of inorganic salts was used to extract acetylcholine and choline from a rat or mouse brain. The separation of acetylcholine, choline, an internal standard acetyl‐β‐methylcholine, endogenous compounds and inorganic cations was achieved with hydrophilic interaction chromatography using a diol column. The eluent consisted of 20 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.3) and acetonitrile (20:80) which is favourable for the ESI process. Limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio = 3) of 0.02 nM (0.2 fmol) for acetylcholine and 1 nM (10 fmol) for choline were observed using standards diluted in Ringer's solution. A good linearity was obtained from the limit of quantitation: 0.1 nM (S/N ratio = 10) to 50 nM (r = 0.999) for acetylcholine and within the concentration range of 100–3500 nM (r = 0.998) for choline. The between‐day repeatability of the method was good; RSD was 3.1% at 1 nM level of acetylcholine and 3.5% at 1000 nM level of choline. The recoveries for addition of 1 or 2.5 nM acetylcholine and 0.2 or 1 µM choline in microdialysis balancing samples were between 93 and 101% indicating that no suppressing endogenous compounds were co‐eluting with acetylcholine or choline. The developed method was applied to the analysis of microdialysis balancing samples collected from rat and mouse brains. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral profiles of the captive juvenile whooping crane as an indicator of post‐release survival
Authors: Kreger Michael D. , Hatfield Jeff S. , Estevez Inma , Gee George F. , Clugston David A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPredation by bobcats (Lynx rufus) is the major cause of mortality in captive‐reared whooping cranes (Grus americana) released into the wild to establish a nonmigratory flock in Florida. This study investigated whether rearing methods (parent‐rearing, hand‐rearing, or hand‐rearing with exercise) of cranes, and behaviors observed in birds either before or shortly after release in the wild, are associated with survival after release. Rearing methods did not affect survival first year post‐release, which was 55 ±8% in 2 yr (1999 and 2000). Logistic regression revealed, however, that foraging bouts (+), walking bouts (−), and body weight (−) before release, and nonvigilant bouts (−) after release were significantly associated with survival. These results suggest that post‐release survival of whooping cranes might be increased by rearing techniques that promote foraging. Zoo Biol 0:1–14, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Verification of a sliding window protocol in
μ
CRL and PVS
Authors: Badban Bahareh , Fokkink Wan , Groote Jan Friso , Pang Jun , Pol Jaco van de 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

We prove the correctness of a sliding window protocol with an arbitrary finite window size
n
and sequence numbers modulo 2
n
. The correctness consists of showing that the sliding window protocol is branching bisimilar to a queue of capacity 2
n
. The proof is given entirely on the basis of an axiomatic theory, and has been checked in the theorem prover PVS.
Effects of the ecological conditions on morphological variations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, in Turkey
Authors: Kutrup Bilal , Bulbul Ufuk , Yilmaz Nurhayat 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTen populations of the green toad, Bufo viridis, from three areas having different climatic regimes were compared. Multivariate analyses of morphological characteristics revealed three distinct populations of green toads: the first group inhabiting the lowland and humid localities was characterized by a small body size, the second group occurred at higher altitudes and in desert areas had a significantly larger body size, while the third group from the Mediterranean localities was characterized by a large tympanum, a longer tarsus and short first toes. Interestingly, the specimens from Giresun Island were clustered with the second group with a similar pattern of body size. Differences in the morphological characteristics among populations were positively associated with ecological conditions, and not with geographic distance. Some characteristics previously used for taxonomic purposes in B. viridis were shown to be associated with local climatic conditions.
Delinquency in male adolescents: The role of alexithymia and family structure
Authors: Zimmermann Grégoire 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the linkages between alexithymia and delinquency in male adolescents (age ranging from 14 to 18 years), and to investigate whether alexithymia was a good discriminatory factor for juvenile delinquency. Thirty‐six offender adolescents and 46 non‐offender control adolescents participated in the study and completed the 20‐item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20) (alexithymia), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (R‐CMAS) (anxiety), the Liste d’Adjectifs Bipolaires et en Echelles de Likert (LABEL) (personality—Big Five) and demographic data. Findings revealed that the adolescents of the offender group scored high on alexithymia and that proportion of disrupted family structure in the offender group is higher than in the control group. Logistic regressions confirmed that alexithymia and family structure are the strongest discriminatory factors for juvenile delinquency. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.
Convergence theorem for zeros of generalized Lipschitz generalized phi-quasi-accretive operators
Authors: Chidume C. , Chidume C. 
Published: September 2005

Let

E
E

be a uniformly smooth real Banach space and let

A
:
E
→
E

A: E \rightarrow E

be a mapping with

N
(
A
)
≠
∅

N(A)\neq \emptyset

. Suppose

A
A

is a generalized Lipschitz generalized

Φ
\Phi

-quasi-accretive mapping. Let

{

a

n

}
,
{

b

n

}
,

\{a_{n}\}, \{b_{n}\},

and

{

c

n

}

\{c_{n}\}

be real sequences in [0,1] satisfying the following conditions: (i)

a

n

+

b

n

+

c

n

=
1

a_{n} + b_{n} + c_{n} = 1

; (ii)

∑
(

b

n

+

c

n

)
=
∞

\sum (b_{n} + c_{n} ) = \infty

; (iii)

∑

c

n

>
∞

\sum c_{n} > \infty

; (iv)

lim

b

n

=
0.

\lim b_{n} = 0.

Let

{

x

n

}

\{x_{n}\}

be generated iteratively from arbitrary

x

0

∈
E

x_{0}\in E

by
\[

x

n
+
1

=

a

n

x

n

+

b

n

S

x

n

+

c

n

u

n

,
n
≥
0
,

x_{n+1} = a_{n}x_{n} + b_{n}Sx_{n} + c_{n}u_{n}, n\geq 0,

\]
where

S
:
E
→
E

S: E\rightarrow E

is defined by

S
x
:=
x
−
A
x

∀
x
∈
E

Sx:=x-Ax ~\forall x\in E

and

{

u

n

}

\{u_{n}\}

is an arbitrary bounded sequence in

E
E

. Then, there exists

γ

0

∈
ℜ

\gamma _{0}\in \Re

such that if

b

n

+

c

n

≤

γ

0

∀

n
≥
0
,

b_{n} + c_{n} \leq \gamma _{0} ~\forall ~ n\geq 0,

the sequence

{

x

n

}

\{x_{n}\}

converges strongly to the unique solution of the equation

A
u
=
0

Au = 0

. A related result deals with approximation of the unique fixed point of a generalized Lipschitz and generalized

ϕ
\phi

-hemi-contractive mapping.
Skew category, Galois covering and smash product of a 𝑘-category
Authors: Cibils Claude , Marcos Eduardo 
Published: September 2005

In this paper we consider categories over a commutative ring provided either with a free action or with a grading of a not necessarily finite group. We define the smash product category and the skew category and we show that these constructions agree with the usual ones for algebras. In the case of the smash product for an infinite group our construction specialized for a ring agrees with M. Beattie’s construction of a ring with local units. We recover in a categorical generalized setting the Duality Theorems of M. Cohen and S. Montgomery (1984), and we provide a unification with the results on coverings of quivers and relations by E. Green (1983). We obtain a confirmation in a quiver and relations-free categorical setting that both constructions are mutual inverses, namely the quotient of a free action category and the smash product of a graded category. Finally we describe functorial relations between the representation theories of a category and of a Galois cover of it.
Topological entropy and AF subalgebras of graph 𝐶*-algebras
Authors: Jeong Ja , Park Gi 
Published: September 2005

Let

A

E

\mathcal A_E

be the canonical AF subalgebra of a graph

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

C
∗

(
E
)

C^*(E)

associated with a locally finite directed graph

E
E

. For Brown and Voiculescu’s topological entropy

h
t
(

Φ
E

)

ht(\Phi _E)

of the canonical completely positive map

Φ
E

\Phi _E

on

C
∗

(
E
)

C^*(E)

,

h
t
(

Φ
E

)
=
h
t
(

Φ
E

|

A

E

)
=

h
l

(
E
)
=

h
b

(
E
)

ht(\Phi _E)=ht(\Phi _E|_{\mathcal A_E})=h_l(E)=h_b(E)

is known to hold for a finite graph

E
E

, where

h
l

(
E
)

h_l(E)

is the loop entropy of Gurevic and

h
b

(
E
)

h_b(E)

is the block entropy of Salama. For an irreducible infinite graph

E
E

, the inequality

h
l

(
E
)
≤
h
t
(

Φ
E

|

A

E

)

h_l(E)\leq ht(\Phi _E|_{\mathcal A_E})

has recently been known. It is shown in this paper that
\[

h
t
(

Φ
E

|

A

E

)
≤
max
{

h
b

(
E
)
,

h
b

(

t

E
)
}
,

ht(\Phi _E|_{\mathcal A_E})\leq \max \{ h_b(E), h_b(\,{}^{t}E)\},

\]
where

t

E

{}^tE

is the graph

E
E

with the direction of the edges reversed. Some irreducible infinite graphs

E
p

(
p
>
1
)

E_p\ (p>1)

with

h
t
(

Φ
E

|

A

E
p

)
=
log
⁡
p

ht(\Phi _E|_{\mathcal A_{E_p}})=\log p

are also examined.
Was in Den Endlosen Debatten um die Neuregelung   Der Deutschen Rechtschreibung Immer Wieder Vergessen Wird1
Authors: Sitta Horst 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn den Debatten um die deutsche Rechtschreibung werden wichtige Fakten immer wieder vergessen oder ausgeblendet, mehr oder weniger systematisch. Um sie soll es in diesem Beitrag gehen. Es sind dies:

Die alte Rechtschreibung war keineswegs die gute, alte, bewährte Rechtschreibung, als die sie heute gern dargestellt wird.
Die diversen Kommissionen, die die Neuregelung erarbeitet und ihre Einführung begleitet haben, hatten einen klaren (staatlichen) Auftrag, und der ging in Richtung Vereinfachung.
Anders, als der Öffentlichkeit vorgegaukelt wird, sind im Regelwerk nach 1996 keine Regeln verändert worden (ausgenommen das, was nach dem 4. Bericht im Juni 2004 durch die KMK an Änderungen beschlossen worden ist).
Die Erfahrungen mit der Neuregelung in der staatlichen Verwaltung und an den Schulen sind gut.
Das literarische und feuilletonistische Milieu, das die Neuregelung auf besonders unappetitliche Weise bekämpft, gibt vor, es sei in seiner kreativen Entfaltungsmöglichkeit beschnitten. Das Gegenteil ist der Fall.
Es wird der Eindruck erweckt, wer mit der Neuregelung nicht zufrieden ist, dem gehe die Reform zu weit. Wir haben deutliche Anzeichen dafür, dass einer nicht geringen Anzahl von Schreibenden und Lesenden die Neuregelung nicht weit genug geht.
Eine Rechtschreibreform reformiert die Rechtschreibung. Mehr nicht.
Recht und Schlecht – Die ‘Rechtschreibereform’: Ein Augenzeugenbericht
Authors: Sparschuh Jens 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSchon der Begriff ‘Rechtschreibereform’ ist irreführend. Es handelt sich hier eben nicht allein um die bis zum Überdruß zitierte Schifffahrt mit drei ‘f’. Es geht vielmehr um einen tiefen, mutwilligen Eingriff in die Struktur der Sprache: Syntax (z.B. über Kommaregeln) und Semantik (z.B. über Getrennt‐ und Zusammenschreibung) sind betroffen. Welche Auswirkung die nun entstandene Sprachverwirrung auf die Arbeit eines zeitgenössischen Schriftstellers hat, wird in diesem empirischen Erlebnisbericht beleuchtet.
‘Belämmerter Tollpatsch’: Beispiele Als Schlüsselwörter im Diskurs Über Die Rechtschreibreform
Authors: Stenschke Oliver 
Published: September 2005

Abstract‘Ich schreibe “Schifffahrt” weiter mit 2 ‘f ’’– solche und ähnliche Aussagen sind typisch für den Diskurs über die Rechtschreibreform. Doch warum wird ständig über Schifffahrt, Stängel und ähnliche Beispiele gesprochen, die man im Alltag fast nie schreibt? Und warum ist der Diskurs mit so vielen Emotionen verbunden? Auf der Basis eines umfangreichen Korpus – mit 733 Zeitungsartikeln aus den Jahrgängen 1994 bis 1999 der Pressetitel Focus, Spiegel und Süddeutsche Zeitung– konzentriert sich der im Beitrag dargestellte Auszug meiner Analyse des Rechtschreibdiskurses auf dessen Selektivität und Emotionalität. Die Selektivität des Diskurses schlägt sich in einer Reihe von Beispielen nieder, die unter anderem aufgrund ihres häufigen Vorkommens als Schlüsselbeispiele des Diskurses angesehen werden können. Sie repräsentieren einerseits den Wissensausschnitt, der dem Diskurspublikum im Rahmen des diskursiven Wissenstransfers vermittelt wird. Andererseits wird die Emotionalität des Diskurses dadurch befördert, dass beispielsweise eine neue Schreibweise wie belämmert als Pars pro toto für die Rechtschreibreform verwendet wird, eine Bewertung zum Ausdruck bringt oder offensichtlich allein aus (ortho)graphischen Gründen in teilweise sehr bemüht formulierten Schlagzeilen vorkommt. Insgesamt kann man daher bei Beispielen wie dass, Stängel, Spagetti, Schifffahrt und Tollpatsch von Schlüsselwörtern des Diskurses sprechen.
‘Sonst Kann Jeder Schreiben, Wie er will …’?:1 Orthography, Legitimation and the Construction of Publics?>Orthography, Legitimation and the Construction of Publics
Authors: Johnson Sally 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhen the recent reform of German orthography was challenged before the ‘Bundesverfassungsgericht’ in 1998, the judges emphasised that individuals within the wider speech community were free to continue writing as they pleased, even after 2005, when the seven‐year interim period for the reform's introduction came to an end. Yet in this regard the Court's ruling appeared to contradict the stated aims of the reformers that the new orthographic guidelines should serve as a ‘blueprint’ for usage within the wider speech community, thereby helping to preserve the unity of the written language in the longer term. In this paper, I propose that underpinning the apparent tension between the Court ruling of 1998 and the aims of the reformers is a complex political debate about the relationship between state and speech community that displays the classic features of a Habermasian ‘legitimation crisis’. It is a tension, therefore, that can be fruitfully explored with reference to recent work in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology that draws on Habermasian notions of the public sphere as a site for the enactment of ‘language ideological debates’. By attending to the way in which ‘publics’– particularly speech (or writing) communities – are invoked in such debates, much can be learned about the means by which the state attempts to resolve problems of legitimation in areas of language policy such as this, albeit without necessarily achieving satisfactory closure.
Agglomeration economies and location choice: Foreign direct investment in Hungary1
Authors: Boudier‐Bensebaa Fabienne 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSince the beginning of the transition process, Hungary has attracted a significant amount of foreign direct investment (FDI), although this is unevenly distributed among the twenty Hungarian counties. This paper examines the determinants of FDI at a regional level in Hungary and more particularly assesses the importance of agglomeration effects among determinants. A panel model of the location determinants of FDI in Hungary is developed and estimated. Empirical testing suggests that counties with higher labour availability, greater industrial demand and higher manufacturing density attract more FDI. Surprisingly, higher unit labour costs attract FDI. In addition, inter‐industrial agglomeration economies and infrastructure availability are found to be important.
Management of intracranial fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Mattiuzzi Gloria , Giles Francis J. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe incidence of, and mortality associated with, invasive fungal infections remains far higher than hoped. As a consequence of the overall increase in the incidence of such infections over time, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections is also increasing and, despite improvements in diagnostic techniques and the introduction of novel antifungal agents, therapy for CNS infections is still associated with discouragingly poor results. In patients with haematological malignancies, opportunistic infections with Candida or Aspergillus remain the most common infections affecting the CNS; however, opportunistic infections with less well‐known fungi are becoming more common and must be considered in the differential diagnosis. New techniques for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections are emerging. Pharmacologic options for treating invasive fungal infections have also improved during the past few years, with new drugs becoming available that have broader antifungal spectra and better safety profiles. Other novel treatment approaches, such as combination therapy, are also being explored. Early investigations have produced encouraging results; however, large, prospective studies involving many patients are necessary to validate the widespread use of these approaches. This review analyses the existing guidelines for treatment of CNS fungal infections and the literature available on the use of new drugs to generate sets of recommendations for treatment of these life‐threatening infections in patients with haematological malignancies.
Update on the diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Garcia David , Ageno Walter , Libby Edward 
Published: September 2005

SummaryPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and often fatal disease. In the US, an estimated 40–53 people per 100 000 are diagnosed with PE annually and approximately 60 000 die from the disease. Diagnosis is difficult because symptoms are non‐specific; however, a quick and accurate diagnosis is critical because, with appropriate therapy, the risk of recurrent (and potentially fatal) PE can be greatly reduced. Recent publication of prediction rules and improved non‐invasive diagnostic tools have simplified diagnostic algorithms for PE. The efficacy of the standard treatment for PE, initial administration of continuous i.v. unfractionated heparin overlapped with long‐term oral anticoagulation, is well established. However, newer treatment options such as low‐molecular‐weight heparins and the pentasaccharides may offer similar efficacy with improved convenience.
Central nervous system chemoprophylaxis in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: current practice in the UK
Authors: Cheung C. W. , Burton C. , Smith P. , Linch D. C. , Hoskin P. J. , Ardeshna K. M. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a well‐recognised complication. There is no consensus regarding indications for prophylaxis or a standard CNS chemoprophylaxis regimen. Current UK practice was evaluated using a questionnaire. A total of 223 questionnaires were sent to clinicians who administered chemotherapy to patients with NHL; 158 (71%) evaluable questionnaires were returned. The overwhelming majority of respondents used prophylaxis in all cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma (97%) and Burkitt lymphoma (96%). Ninety‐six per cent of respondents required risk factors to be present before prophylaxis was initiated in cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The commonest risk factor was site of involvement (paranasal sinus 88%, testicular 85%, orbital cavity 78%, bone marrow 65% and bone 28%). Other risk factors included stage IV, high International Prognostic Index score, >1 extranodal site and raised lactate dehydrogenase levels (34%, 21%, 16% and 10%). A total of 82% did not give prophylaxis in follicular lymphoma and 90% used intrathecal chemotherapy as their preferred method of prophylaxis. The most popular regimen was 12·5 mg methotrexate with each cycle of chemotherapy for six courses. Thirty‐nine per cent used systemic chemotherapy for CNS prophylaxis either alone (4%) or as an adjunct to intrathecal prophylaxis (35%). These variations in the indications and methods of prophylaxis indicate that this subject deserves further review.