bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescence of excitons and Eu2+vc– centres in KI:Eu2+ crystals
Authors: Aceves R. , Piters T. M. , Zazubovich S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLuminescence characteristics of KI:Eu2+ crystals are studied at 11.5–300 K under excitation in the 3.0–6.3 eV energy range. Besides the known 2.88 eV emission of Eu2+vc– centers, the new emission bands peaking at ∼3.75 eV, ∼3.3 eV, 3.06 eV, and 2.38 eV are found. The bands, located in the 3.1–4.3 eV energy range and strongly distorted due to their overlap with the Eu2+vc– absorption bands, are ascribed to the self‐trapped exciton emission. The 3.06 eV and 2.88 eV bands are ascribed to the electronic transitions from two close levels of the splitted T2g excited state of an Eu2+ ion. The 2.38 eV emission is ascribed to the radiative decay of an exciton localized near an Eu2+ ion. It is assumed that the appearance of the self‐trapped exciton emission under excitation in the Eu2+‐related absorption bands is connected with the radiative decay of excitons, which are formed at the recombination of electrons and holes, produced in the crystal as a result of the photostimulated charge transfer from the Eu2+‐perturbed I– states. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized expressions for resonant excitation transfer and retarded dispersion energy shifts obtained using multipolar quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Salam A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGeneralized expressions are presented within the framework of molecular quantum electrodynamics for intermolecular interactions arising from the exchange of one or two virtual photons. When one species is excited while the other is in the ground state, the former process corresponds to resonant transfer of excitation. The rate of energy exchange for molecules possessing electric multipole moments of arbitrary order is given in terms of the resonant multipole–multipole coupling tensor. This latter quantity is then used in the calculation of the generalized dispersion energy shift between a pair of ground‐state electric multipole polarizable molecules of arbitrary order via the interaction of induced multipole moments at each center. The results obtained offer an efficient alternative means of calculating higher multipole contributions to intermolecular processes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Symbolic programming language in molecular multicenter integral problem
Authors: Safouhi Hassan , Bouferguene Ahmed 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIt is well known that in any ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculation, the major task involves the computation of molecular integrals, among which the computation of three‐center nuclear attraction and Coulomb integrals is the most frequently encountered. As the molecular system becomes larger, computation of these integrals becomes one of the most laborious and time‐consuming steps in molecular systems calculation. Improvement of the computational methods of molecular integrals would be indispensable to further development in computational studies of large molecular systems. To develop fast and accurate algorithms for the numerical evaluation of these integrals over B functions, we used nonlinear transformations for improving convergence of highly oscillatory integrals. These methods form the basis of new methods for solving various problems that were unsolvable otherwise and have many applications as well. To apply these nonlinear transformations, the integrands should satisfy linear differential equations with coefficients having asymptotic power series in the sense of Poincaré, which in their turn should satisfy some limit conditions. These differential equations are very difficult to obtain explicitly. In the case of molecular integrals, we used a symbolic programming language (MAPLE) to demonstrate that all the conditions required to apply these nonlinear transformation methods are satisfied. Differential equations are obtained explicitly, allowing us to demonstrate that the limit conditions are also satisfied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
A microprobe analysis of inorganic elements in Halobacterium salinarum
Authors: Engel Milton B. , Catchpole Hubert R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHalobacterium salinarum were grown on peptone agar containing 4.28 M NaCl, 0.036 M K and other salts. Stationary phase organisms were lifted onto carbon planchets, freeze‐dried, carbon coated and examined in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X‐ray spectrometer. Intracellular element concentrations (mol/kg H2O) were determined using a bulk analysis program with appropriate standards. The cell K concentration was 110 times that of the medium. For Na this value was 0.3 and for Cl, 1.1. When Rb was present in the medium, its intracellular concentration was 77 times higher than the external value. The cation minus anion value suggests a high fixed negative charge, 0.72 equivalents. Intracellular apparent dielectric constants were calculated using cellular EMFs derived from the literature, and sodium concentration. The determined values ranged from 22–28 (vs 80 for normal water) suggesting phases of structured cell water. Ionic distributions in these extremophiles are treated according to the classical principles elucidated by Willard Gibbs and represents a heterogeneous system in thermodynamic equilibrium with the hypersaline environment. Factors to be considered are: (1) composition of Halobacterium and its immobile negative charge; (2) the physicochemical properties of the individual ions (charge, ionic radius, hydration energy, standard chemical potential); (3) the dielectric constant of the dispersion medium (water); and (4) the binding of ions, particularly potassium.
The subjective quality of life in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenic patients
Authors: Delamillieure Pascal , Ochoa-Torres Dominique , Vasse Thierry , Brazo Perrine , Gourevitch Raphaël , Langlois Sophie , Assouly-Besse Françoise , Van Der Elst Alexis , Morello Rémy , Guelfi Julien , Petit Michel , Dollfus Sonia 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe assessed the subjective quality of life (QOL) of 30 deficit schizophrenic patients compared to 112 nondeficit schizophrenic patients. The deficit patients did not differ in term of QOL, total score of positive symptoms, general psychopathology from the nondeficit patients. This result suggested an absence of impact of primary negative symptoms on the subjective QOL in schizophrenic patients.
Genetic differentiation of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou Risso) populations at the extremes of the species range and at the Hebrides–Porcupine Bank spawning grounds
Authors: Ryan Anthony W. , Mattiangeli Valeria , Mork Jarle 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou (Teleostei, Gadidae) is found between latitudes 26° and 82°N along the continental margin of the Northeast Atlantic, with smaller populations in the Northwest Atlantic and the Mediterranean. There is an annual spawning aggregation on the Porcupine Bank and Hebridean Shelf (west of Ireland and Scotland, respectively), where most of the blue whiting population of the Northeast Atlantic spawns. Analysis of samples from the Barents Sea, the Northeast Atlantic, and the Mediterranean (n = 850, 11 samples) using one minisatellite and five microsatellite loci revealed significant geographic heterogeneity and isolated populations at the extremes of the species range in the Barents Sea and the Mediterranean. Furthermore, there was evidence of genetic heterogeneity among samples taken during the spawning season on the Porcupine Bank and Hebridean Shelf, with highly significant differentiation between the samples taken in the Hebrides in 1992 and 1998.
Effort distribution and catch patterns adjacent to temperate MPAs
Authors: Murawski Steven A. , Wigley Susan E. , Fogarty Michael J. , Rago Paul J. , Mountain David G. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
We evaluated the spatial distribution of otter trawl fishing effort and catches resulting from the imposition in 1994 of year-round and seasonal groundfish closed areas off the NE USA. Vessel locations were available from logbooks, vessel monitoring system (VMS) data from many of the largest vessels, and from observer records. There was high spatial coherence between VMS- and observer-derived trawling locations. Prior to establishment, 31% of trawl effort (1991–1993) occurred within the 22 000 km2 of area that would eventually be closed year-round. In 2001–2003 about 10% of effort targeting groundfish was deployed within 1 km of the marine protected area (MPA) boundaries, and about 25% within 5 km. Density gradients, consistent with spill-over from MPAs, were apparent for some species. Average revenue per hour trawled was about twice as high within 4 km of the boundary, than for more distant catches, but the catch variability was greater nearer closed area boundaries. Seasonal closed areas attracted more fishing effort after opening than prior to closure even while average cpue was the same or lower. Spatial resolution of traditional data sources (e.g., logbooks) was too crude to discern detailed MPA-related effects, as revealed by high-resolution vessel positions from VMS and catch data obtained by observers.
Spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the southwestern Baltic Sea: do they form genetically distinct spawning waves?
Authors: Hede Jørgensen Hanne B. , Hansen Michael Møller , Loeschcke Volker 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTemporal sampling within the spring-spawning season has revealed differentiation in length-at-age in herring at Rügen and differentiation in, e.g., Anisakis infestation rate, otolith microstructure, and gillraker counts in Gdańsk Bay, leading to the expectation that spawning waves consist of distinct herring populations. We tested this expectation by analysing genetic variation at nine microsatellite loci in samples collected at different times during the March to May spawning season in 2 consecutive years, 2002 and 2003. Length-at-age, mean length, and age distributions were compared among samples within locations but did not show consistent temporal patterns. Pairwise genetic differentiation among temporal samples within season was low and non-significant in the Gdańsk Bay (0 < FST < 0.0025) but higher among Rügen samples (0.0008 < FST < 0.0113). Samples from Rügen collected in 2002 differed significantly from each other, and individual assignment tests showed increased divergence with time. Differentiation was not confounded by effects of age class or sex. We conclude that spawning waves are not genetically differentiated among Gdańsk samples based on factors analysed in this study, whereas genetically distinct but sympatric spawning populations may be found at Rügen.
Censored catch data in fisheries stock assessment
Authors: Hammond T.R. , Trenkel V.M. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Landings statistics can be lower than true catches because many fish are discarded or landed illegally. Since many discards do not survive, treating landings as true catches can lead to biased stock assessments. This paper proposes treating catch as censored by bounding it below by the landings, L, and above by cL (for scalar c > 1). We demonstrate the approach with a simulation study, using a Schaefer surplus production model. Parameters were estimated in a Bayesian framework with BUGS software using two sets of priors. Both the traditional true-catch method and a survey-and-effort method (which was landings free) performed worse on average than the censored approach, as measured by the Bayes risk associated with estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and of an index of depletion (X). Recursive partitioning (regression trees) was used to associate simulation parameters to best-performing methods, showing that higher commercial fish catchability favoured the censored method at estimating X. In conclusion, censored methods provide a means of dealing with discarding and misreporting that can outperform some traditional alternatives.
Measuring performance in multi‐stage service operations: An application of cause selecting control charts
Authors: Sulek Joanne M. , Marucheck Ann , Lind Mary R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMany multistage service operations exhibit the cascade property, where performance at one stage is statistically correlated with performance at the preceding stage. Prior research on multistage services has analyzed each process stage independently or in an additive manner. Increased emphasis on Six Sigma initiatives in services has rekindled interest in the use of control charts to monitor and control service processes. This study examines the cause selecting control chart as a methodology to monitor and identify potential problem areas in an actual cascade service process and compares the diagnostic capability of the cause selecting chart to that of a traditional Shewhart chart. A grocery store whose parent company was implementing efficient consumer response (ECR) serves as the research context. This study models the grocery store as a two‐stage cascade process and uses operating data from the store to construct a cause selecting chart and a traditional Shewhart chart for the front‐end operation. Analysis of the two charts reveals that the cause selecting chart outperforms the traditional control chart as tool for signaling unusual variation in performance at the front‐end stage. The analysis demonstrates that service managers can receive misleading or erroneous information from traditional control charts if the service process being monitored is a cascade process.
Mental disorders in primary care: prevalence and co-morbidity among disorders. Results from the Functional Illness in Primary care (FIP) study
Authors: TOFT TOMAS , FINK PER , OERNBOEL EVA , CHRISTENSEN KAJ , FROSTHOLM LISBETH , OLESEN FREDE 
Published: July 2005

Background. Prevalence and co-occurrence of mental disorders is high among patients consulting their family general practitioner (GP) for a new health problem, but data on diagnostics and sociodemographics are sketchy.Method. A cross-sectional two-phase epidemiological study. A total of 1785 consecutive patients with new complaints, aged 18–65 years, consulting 28 family practices during March–April 2000 in Aarhus County, Denmark were screened, in the waiting room, for mental and somatic symptoms with SCL-8 and SCL-Somatization questionnaires, for illness worry with Whitely-7 and for alcohol dependency with CAGE. In a stratified random sample of 701 patients, physician interviewers established ICD-10 diagnoses using the SCAN interview. Prevalence was calculated using weighted logistic regression, thus correcting for sample skewness.Results. Half of the patients fulfilled criteria for an ICD-10 mental disorders and a third of these for more than one group of disorders. Women had higher prevalence of somatization disorder and overall mental disorders than men. Men had higher prevalence of alcohol abuse and hypochondriasis than women. Psychiatric morbidity tended to increase with age. Prevalence of somatoform disorders was 35·9% (95% CI 30·4–41·9), anxiety disorders 16·4% (95% CI 12·7–20·9), mood disorders 13·5% (95% CI 11·1–16·3), organic mental disorders 3·1% (95% CI 1·6–5·7) and alcohol abuse 2·2% (95% CI 1·5–3·1). Co-morbidities between these groups were highest for anxiety disorders, where 89% also had another mental diagnosis, and lowest for somatoform disorders with 39%.Conclusions. ICD-10 mental disorders are very prevalent in primary care and there is a high co-occurrence between most disorders. Somatoform disorders, however, more often than not exist without other mental disorders.
Low-planned suicides in China
Authors: CONNER KENNETH R. , PHILLIPS MICHAEL R. , MELDRUM SEAN , KNOX KERRY L. , ZHANG YANPING , YANG GONGHUAN 
Published: July 2005

Background. Acts of suicide differ widely in the amount of planning preceding the act. Correlates of completed suicide in China identified in a previous investigation were re-examined to identify those that may be especially relevant to low-planned (impulsive) and high-planned suicidal behavior. The association of planning and method in completed suicide was also assessed.Method. A psychological autopsy study of 505 suicide decedents aged [ges ]18 years sampled to be representative of suicides in China was conducted. Multinomial regression analyses compared three levels of suicide planning (low, intermediate, high).Results. Women and younger individuals were more likely to carry out low-planned and intermediate-planned than high-planned acts of suicide. Greater acute stress distinguished low-planned from high-planned suicides. Ingestion of pesticides stored in the home was a more commonly employed method in low-planned than high-planned suicides.Conclusions. Low-planned suicides are more common in women, in younger individuals, and among those who are experiencing acute stress. Prevention strategies targeted at restricting access to pesticides may preferentially lower the rate of low-planned suicides.
Neuropsychological functioning in stimulant-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder
Authors: RHODES SINEAD M. , COGHILL DAVID R. , MATTHEWS KEITH 
Published: July 2005

Background. Although children with hyperkinetic disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show disordered executive neuropsychological functioning, the nature of these changes remains controversial. Additionally, impairments in non-executive neuropsychological functioning have been relatively unexplored. Here, the authors describe the neuropsychological functioning of a sample of stimulant drug-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder on a battery of neuropsychological tasks sensitive to impairments of both executive and non-executive functions.Method. Seventy-five stimulant drug-naive boys meeting diagnostic criteria for ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder were compared with 70 healthy developing controls matched for age but not IQ on computerized tests of neuropsychological functioning from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and a Go/No-Go inhibition task.Results. Boys with hyperkinetic disorder exhibited impairments on tasks with a prominent executive component – working memory, planning, strategy formation, attentional set-shifting and on a reaction time task. However, they were also impaired on tasks without prominent executive components – pattern and spatial recognition, spatial span, delayed matching to sample and paired associates learning. Contrary to predictions, no impairment was observed on the Go/No-Go inhibition task.Conclusions. Medication-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder displayed a broad range of neuropsychological impairments. Deficits were demonstrated on tasks with and without prominent executive components. Impairments were not confined to tasks dependent upon frontostriatal functioning, cannot wholly be explained by deficits in inhibitory control, nor can they be attributed to intelligence or previous exposure to stimulant medication.
Sources of covariation among the child-externalizing disorders: informant effects and the shared environment
Authors: ALEXANDRA BURT S. , McGUE MATT , KRUEGER ROBERT F. , IACONO WILLIAM G. 
Published: July 2005

Background. Research has documented high levels of co-morbidity among childhood externalizing disorders, but its etiology remains in dispute. Specifically, although all behavior genetic studies of the etiology of the co-occurrence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) agree that genetic factors are important, differences exist across studies in the relative weight assigned to genetic, shared environmental factors (i.e. factors that increase similarity among family members), and non-shared environmental factors (i.e. factors that decrease similarity among family members). Because heritability estimates can vary across informants, we used a biometric informant-effects model to determine whether these discrepancies were a function of systematic differences in maternal and child informant reports of ADHD, CD, and ODD.Method. We studied 1782 11-year-old twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Symptom counts for each disorder were obtained from interviews administered to twins and their mothers. We fit a model that allowed us to examine, both across and within informants, the genetic and environmental contributions to the co-occurrence among ADHD, CD, and ODD.Results. The results revealed that the co-occurrence among the disorders common to maternal and child informant reports was influenced largely by shared environmental forces. Genetic factors also contributed, though their impact was only marginally significant. In contrast, the co-occurrence unique to each informant was influenced exclusively by either genetic or non-shared environmental factors.Conclusions. Such findings offer additional evidence that shared environmental factors are important to the co-morbidity among ADHD, CD, and ODD, and highlight the necessity of considering informant effects when drawing conclusions about the origins of co-morbidity from analyses of genetically informative data.
Official psychiatric morbidity and the incidence of schizophrenia 1881–1994
Authors: NIXON NEIL L. , DOODY GILLIAN A. 
Published: July 2005

Background. We assess claims that the documented rise in psychiatric morbidity during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was associated with an increasing incidence of schizophrenia.Method. Cross-sectional epidemiological comparison of the incidence of schizophrenia in one urban, industrialized community at three points over more than 100 years using new data from 1881–1902 and two pre-existing datasets, 1978–1980 and 1992–1994. For 1881–1902, 34 cases of schizophrenia were obtained through retrospective diagnosis, using Research Diagnostic Criteria, of a random 14·5% sample of first admissions to Nottingham Asylum (n=330). Inter-rater reliability and leakage analyses were performed. The administrative incidence for all three studies was directly standardized against 1991 census data. Local statistics on total psychiatric morbidity in Nottingham were taken from the asylum superintendent's register and recent data from the Office of National Statistics.Results. Official local and national rates of total psychiatric morbidity increased exponentially. There was no significant change in the incidence of schizophrenia over the 114-year period 1881–1994.Conclusions. The rise in both local and national official statistics of psychiatric morbidity 1881–1994 was not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of schizophrenia. Stability in the epidemiology of schizophrenia at a geographical level is found despite important demographic changes.
Executive functioning in adult ADHD: a meta-analytic review
Authors: MARIJE BOONSTRA A. , OOSTERLAAN JAAP , SERGEANT JOSEPH A. , BUITELAAR JAN K. 
Published: July 2005

Background. Several theoretical explanations of ADHD in children have focused on executive functioning as the main explanatory neuropsychological domain for the disorder. In order to establish if these theoretical accounts are supported by research data for adults with ADHD, we compared neuropsychological executive functioning and non-executive functioning between adults with ADHD and normal controls in a meta-analytic design.Method. We compared 13 studies that (1) included at least one executive functioning measure, (2) compared the performance of an adult ADHD group with that of an adult normal control group, (3) provided sufficient information for calculation of effect sizes, and (4) used DSM-III-R or DSM-IV criteria to diagnose ADHD.Results. We found medium effect sizes both in executive functioning areas [verbal fluency (d=0·62), inhibition (d=0·64 and d=0·89), and set shifting (d=0·65)] and in non-executive functioning domains [consistency of response (d=0·57), word reading (d=0·60) and color naming (d=0·62)].Conclusions. Neuropsychological difficulties in adult ADHD may not be confined to executive functioning. The field is in urgent need of better-designed executive functioning tests, methodological improvements, and direct comparisons with multiple clinical groups to answer questions of specificity.