bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of falls and fear of falling among adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jamison Marian , Neuberger Geri B. , Miller Peggy A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo identify correlates of falling and fear of falling, and to examine how fear of falling affects activities among adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAdults (mean age 54.2 years; SD 9.1) with RA (n = 128) responded to questions related to falls, fear of falling, and activities modified. Other measures included the Profile of Mood States Short Form, the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form, walk time, grip strength, predicted maximum oxygen uptake, and joint count.ResultsThirty‐five percent of participants fell during the previous year. Subjects who fell had more comorbid conditions than subjects who did not fall. Almost 60% were fearful of falling. Compared with subjects who denied fear of falling, fearful subjects had longer walk times, more comorbid conditions, and more intense pain. Activities affected most by fear of falling involved heavy work and climbing.ConclusionsThe number of comorbid conditions plays an important role in falling and fear of falling in adults with RA. Knowledge of this and other factors, such as pain intensity and functional status, can facilitate appropriate interventions.
Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: Duration and adverse outcomes
Authors: Proven Anne , Gabriel Sherine E. , Orces Carlos , O'Fallon W. Michael , Hunder Gene G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the course of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy and associated adverse events in a population‐based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).MethodsWe identified 125 Olmsted County residents with GCA diagnosed between 1950 and 1991 and obtained followup information on the 120 patients who were diagnosed antemortem and agreed to participate in this study. Clinical variables, GC doses, and GC adverse events on each patient were recorded. The relationship between GC therapy and the development of adverse events was studied by the Cox and Anderson‐Gill proportional hazards models.ResultsAll patients were treated with GCs and responded rapidly (median initial dosage 60 mg prednisone/day). The dosage was later reduced according to the treating physicians' judgment. The median duration required to reach 7.5 mg/day was 6.5 months and the median duration required to reach 5 mg/day was 7.5 months. Relapses or recurrences occurred in 57 patients. For the 87 patients followed to discontinuation of GC therapy and permanent remission of GCA (median of 22 months), the total median dose of prednisone was 6.47 gm. Adverse events associated with GCs were recorded in 103 (86%) patients and 2 or more events occurred in 70 patients (58%). Age and higher cumulative dose of GCs were associated with the development of adverse GC side effects.ConclusionGCs are therapeutically effective in GCA and the prednisone dosage was reduced to physiologic levels in three‐fourths of the patients within 1 year. However, most patients developed serious adverse side effects related to GCs, indicating that less toxic therapeutic measures are needed.
Mass Transfer In Trickle‐Bed Reactors With Structured Packing
Authors: Battista J. , Böhm U. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn experimental investigation was carried out to examine the fluid dynamic and mass transfer behavior of structured packing, with the liquid and gas phase flowing co‐currently downwards in the column. Liquid to packing mass transfer coefficients for three positions within the pack were measured by an electrochemical method, varying both the liquid and gas loads as well as the physical properties of the liquid phase. Due to the high void fraction of structured packing, much higher liquid flow rates can be used than in traditional particle trickle‐beds. It was found that in the range studied, the gas superficial velocity has no effect on the mass transfer rate and thus, a general mass transfer correlation in terms of liquid Reynolds number only, was developed. Wetted areas and the radial distribution of liquid through the packing element were determined by a colorimetric method. Within the range of liquid flow rates investigated, complete wetting is not achieved, even with the low viscosity solutions. The measured ratios of hydraulic to geometric area, agree reasonably well with values predicted by existing relationships.
Comparison of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Airlift and Bubble Column Reactors Using CFD
Authors: van Baten J.M. , Krishna R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to compare the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of an internal airlift reactor with that of a bubble column reactor, operating with an air/water system in the homogeneous bubble flow regime. The liquid circulation velocities are significantly higher in the airlift configuration than in bubble columns, leading to significantly lower gas holdups. Within the riser of the airlift, the gas and liquid phases are virtually in plug flow, whereas in bubble columns the gas and liquid phases follow parabolic velocity distributions. When compared at the same superficial gas velocity, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kLa, for an airlift is significantly lower than that for a bubble column. However, when the results are compared at the same values of gas holdup, the values of kLa are practically identical.
Effect of Peripheral Substitution on the Electronic Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Metal‐Free and Zinc Phthalocyanines
Authors: Kobayashi Nagao , Ogata Hiroshi , Nonaka Naokazu , Luk'yanets Eugene A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe effect of substituents on the position and intensity of the electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of phthalocyanines (Pcs) was examined for 35 Pc compounds. When electron‐releasing groups are bound to four α‐benzo positions of the Pc skeleton, the B and Q bands shift to longer wavelength. Relative to this shift, the effect of introducing the same electron‐releasing groups at the other four α positions amounts to about 1.6–2.0. Although the effect is not always clearly seen, introduction of electron‐releasing groups in the β‐benzo positions of the Pc skeleton generally shifts the Q band to shorter wavelength. The effect of electron‐withdrawing groups is exactly the opposite with respect to the α and β positions. These effects can be reasonably explained by considering the magnitude of the atomic orbital coefficients of the carbon atoms derived from molecular orbital (MO) calculations. In addition, the following intriguing phenomena were observed in the experiments, although not all were explained theoretically: 1) the splitting of the Q band of metal‐free Pcs decreases with increasing wavelength of the Q band, 2) the ring currents of Pcs with Q bands at longer wavelength are generally smaller, and 3) the absorption coefficients of the Q band of Pc compounds with 16‐electron‐releasing substituents are larger than those of the corresponding tetra‐ and octasubstituted Pcs by several tens of percent. 4) Our PPP calculations suggested that the absorption coefficient of the Q band of Pcs with more strongly electron releasing substituents is larger. 5) The second HOMO of the Pcs with the Q band at longer wavelength has b1u symmetry, as opposed to the a2u symmetry of normal Pcs. 6) Pcs showing S1 emission maxima at wavelengths longer than about 740 nm generally have quantum yields of less than 0.1.
Discrimination of Peptides by Using a Molecularly Imprinted Piezoelectric Biosensor
Authors: Lin Chung‐Yin , Tai Dar‐Fu , Wu Tzong‐Zeng 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBased on the direct formation of a molecularly imprinted polymer on gold electrodes, we have developed a peptide sensor for the detection of low‐molecular‐weight peptides. A new cross‐linking monomer, (N‐Acr‐L‐Cys‐NHBn)2, was employed to attach the surface of the chip and to copolymerize with other monomers. Interestingly, N‐benzylacrylamide participates in the polymerization and recognition is carried out in an aqueous environment. By using quartz crystal microbalance detection, short peptides can be monitored by their interaction with plastic antibodies specific for the target peptides. The selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers and the sensitivity of such artificial biosensors have been combined to differentiate between traces of oxytocin and vasopressin to the ng mL−1 scale.
“Janus” Supermolecular Liquid Crystals—Giant Molecules with Hemispherical Architectures
Authors: Saez Isabel M. , Goodby John W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLiquid crystals represent a unique class of self‐organising systems, which although found in many day‐to‐day practical material applications, such as displays, are also intimately entwined with living processes. They have the potential, just like living systems, to provide us with a unique vehicle for the development of self‐ordering nano‐ and mesoscopic‐engineered materials with specific functional properties. In this article we describe a new concept for the design of self‐assembling functional liquid crystals as segmented or “Janus” liquid‐crystalline supermolecular materials in the form of structures that contain two different types of mesogenic units, which favour different types of mesophase structure, grafted onto the same star‐shaped scaffold to create supermolecules that contain different hemispheres. The materials exhibit chiral nematic and chiral smectic C phases.
Tailoring the Catalytic Performance of Sol–Gel‐Encapsulated Tetra‐n‐propylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP) in Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSol–gel nanohybrid silica particles organically modified and doped with the ruthenium species tetra‐n‐propylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) are highly efficient catalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl groups with O2 at low pressure in toluene. The materials are easily prepared by a one‐step sol–gel process, and their catalytic performance can be optimised by tailoring the conditions of their synthesis by hydrolytic co‐polycondensation of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and alkyltrimethoxysilanes R‐Si(OMe)3 in the presence of TPAP. Eventually, heterogeneous catalysts considerably more active than the unsupported perruthenate were obtained, while also being leach‐proof and recyclable. The correlation between the materials' activity, surface polarity and textural properties suggests valuable information on the chemical behaviour of sol–gel catalytic materials in oxidation catalysis; this is of interest in view of the importance of efficient solid catalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols with O2.
Contributions of Yuri L. Klimontovich to the kinetic theory of nonideal plasmas
Authors: Bonitz M. , Ebeling W. , Romanovsky Yu. M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe give a short summary of live and work of Yuri L. Klimontovich (1924–2002), in particular we discuss his work on nonideal plasma physics. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Einstein frequency distributions for strongly coupled plasmas
Authors: Bakshi P. , Donkó Z. , Kalman G. J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractEinstein frequencies of strongly coupled plasma systems are investigated theoretically, and through molecular dynamics simulations. Expressions are derived that connect the deviations from local order to the Einstein frequencies. A scaling relation is obtained for the spread of the frequency distribution as a function of the coupling strength. Theoretical results are compared with simulations. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluctuation‐dissipation‐dispersion relations for a nonuniform plasma
Authors: Belyi V.V. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUsing the Langevin approach and the multiscale technique, a kinetic theory of the time and space nonlocal fluctuations in the collisional plasma is constructed. In local equilibrium a generalized version of the Callen‐Welton theorem is derived. It is shown that not only the dissipation but also the time and space derivatives of the dispersion determine the amplitude and the width of the spectrum lines of the electrostatic field fluctuations, as well as the form factor. There appear significant differences with respect to the non‐uniform plasma. In the kinetic regime the form factor is more sensible to space gradient than the spectral function of the electrostatic field fluctuations. As a result of the inhomogeneity, these proprieties became asymmetric with respect to the inversion of the frequency sign. The differences in amplitude of peaks could become a new tool to diagnose slow time and space variations in the plasma. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2‐ion and 3‐ion neighbor spatial distribution functions in plasmas
Authors: Fisher D.V. , Maron Y. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAccurate treatment of the plasma density effects requires a detailed knowledge of spatial distribution of individual ions around a test ion. The 2‐body and 3‐body distribution functions involving the nearest neighbor (NN) and the next‐nearest neighbor (NNN) ions have recently been derived [1], valid for both ideal and nonideal plasmas. Here we apply these results to determine the effect of a few individual surrounding ions on the dense plasma electron states and, in particular, on the electron state collectivization by tunneling. Validity of the transient diatomic quasimolecule model, found in literature, is discussed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coherent collisional absorption in clustered media
Authors: Mulser P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn a clustered medium the deflections of an electron by the cluster ions superpose coherently, in this way acting as single ions of gigantic charge and hence leading to strongly increased inverse bremsstrahlung. Formulas for the absorption enhancement are presented and the main effects determining its efficiency are discussed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mott effect and screening in quantum well structures
Authors: Reinholz H. , Röpke G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe consider the formation of exciton bound states between electrons and holes in a 2D layer. The medium modifications of two‐particle properties are obtained froma systematic Green function approach within a cluster mean field approximation. Contributions from correlations (excitons) in the medium are given. The importance of Pauli blocking on the shift of the ionization energy of excitons in comparison to screening is shown. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Negative friction in dusty plasmas
Authors: Trigger S.A. , Zagorodny A.G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWithin the approximation of dominant charging collisions the explicit microscopic calculations of the Fokker‐Planck kinetic coefficients for highly‐charged grains moving in plasma are performed. It is shown that due to ion absorption by grain the collecting friction coefficient can be negative and the appropriate threshold value of the grain charge is found. The stationary solutions of the Fokker‐Planck equation with the velocity dependent kinetic coefficient are obtained and the considerable deviation of such solutions from the Maxwellian distribution is established. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal benefit of sibling presence in the newborn rabbit
Authors: Bautista A. , Drummond H. , Martínez‐Gómez M. , Hudson R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractNewborn rabbits compete vigorously for the mother's milk, and survivors benefit from littermate deaths. Here we report that rabbit pups also may benefit from littermate presence in terms of increased thermal efficiency. Pups nursed normally once a day by their mother but otherwise raised alone had a lower probability of survival, lower body temperature, and lower efficiency of converting milk into body mass than their siblings raised with littermates. The contribution of a more favorable thermal environment to the better growth and survival of group‐raised pups was supported by the finding that single pups raised at higher ambient temperatures grew more rapidly than single pups raised at lower temperatures. These effects were most clearly seen across Days 2 to 5, after which time differences between treatment groups were no longer significant. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the benefits as well as costs of having siblings must be weighed against each other when considering the manner in which sibling presence influences individual development and survival. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 208–215, 2003.
Pricing recreation use of national parks for more efficient nature conservation: an application to the Portuguese case
Authors: Mendes Isabel 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper considers under what theoretical conditions, based on utilitarian, individual preferences, an entrance fee can be applied to some national parks before clarifying the sustainable effects of this instrument when used for conservation. The fee is discussed in terms of efficiency and equity following on from conclusions of previous theoretical reviewing, and a travel cost empirical approach is further used to estimate one for a Portuguese national park. We conclude that entrance fees are efficient only if parks have positive recreation costs and if fee system administration costs are low. Any efficient fee must be set equal to the marginal costs of supplying the park for recreation where these costs are known and below current recreation demand, or to the marginal recreation benefit of each visitor where they are unknown and/or above the current recreation demand curve. Finally, characteristics of outdoor recreation demand require the adoption of differential entrance fee schemes given revenue and equity issues. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A Novel PVC‐Membrane‐Coated Graphite Sensor Based on an Anthraquinone Derivative Membrane for the Determination of Lead
Authors: Riahi S. , Mousavi M. F. , Shamsipur M. , Sharghi H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA highly selective membrane electrode for the determination of ultratrace amounts of lead was prepared. The PVC membrane electrode based on 2‐(2‐ethanoloxymethyl)‐1‐hydroxy‐9,10‐anthraquinone (AQ), directly coated on graphite, exhibits a good Nernstian response for Pb(II) ions over a very wide concentration range (1.0×10−7–1.0×10−2 M) with a limit of detection of 8.0×10−8 M. It has a fast response time of ca. 10 s and can be used over a period 2 months with good reproducibility (SD=±0.2 mV). The electrode revealed a very good selectivity respect to common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions and could be used in the pH range of 3.5–6.8. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ions with chromate and oxalate, and in indirect determination of lead in spring water samples.
Nonmonotonic Transient Potential Signals with an 18‐Crown‐6 based Ion‐Selective Electrode in a Flow‐Injection System
Authors: Ortuño Joaquín A. , Sánchez‐Pedreño Concepción , Martinez Domingo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe dynamic potential response of an 18‐crown‐6 based ion‐selective electrode towards Li+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+, in a flow‐injection system is studied. Different double nonmonotonic transient signals are obtained for the different ions. The influence of the flow‐injection variables and of ion concentration on the signals is studied. Two signal parameters, the relative return rates, are found to be characteristic for each ion and are constant for a concentration range of 1–3 decades. The nonmomotonic transient signals obtained are explained by reference to the theoretical models reported.
Electrochemical Oxidation of 8‐Oxo‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine on Glassy Carbon, Gold, Platinum and Tin(IV) Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Langmaier Jan , Samec Zdeněk , Samcová Eva 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the oxidation of 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) on the glassy carbon (GC), platinum, gold and SnO2 electrodes over a range of the sweep rate, 8‐oxo‐dG concentration and the solution pH. Reaction mechanism that is common to all these electrodes involves the two‐electron two‐proton charge transfer step followed by the irreversible chemical reaction(s). Rate of the charge transfer reaction decreases with the increasing solution pH (GC, Pt, Au), and depends on the nature of the electrode material following the sequence GC>Pt, Au>>SnO2. These effects can be related to the degree of oxidation of the electrode surface (Pt, Au, SnO2), or to the density of the active surface sites (GC). Any of these electrodes can be used for the fabrication of an amperometric detector for 8‐oxo‐dG .
A New Polyphenol Oxidase Biosensor Mediated by Azure B in Laponite Clay Matrix
Authors: Shan Dan , Mousty Christine , Cosnier Serge , Mu Shaolin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAmperometric biosensor based on the entrapment of polyphenol oxidase within a laponite clay coating and cross‐linked by glutaraldehyde is described for catechol detection. Laponite provides a hydrophilic enzyme surrounding increasing the long term stability of the biosensor compared to the corresponding biosensors obtained by chemical cross‐linking of PPO with glutaraldehyde. Azure B, a cationic dye exchanged within the clay matrix, is used as an electron shuttle allowing the mediated detection of phenol derivatives at −0.05 V. The detection limits obtained with the optimized biosensor configuration for catechol, p‐cresol and phenol are 1, 1 and 17 nM, respectively.
The Electrochemical Oxidation of 5‐Thio‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (TNBA) at a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode: Demonstration of a CEC Reaction
Authors: Nekrassova Olga , Lawrence Nathan S. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe oxidation of 5‐thio‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (TNBA) over a wide pH range has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry at a boron doped diamond electrode. The reaction has been shown to proceed via a CEC reaction process in which at lower pH the thiol moiety of the TNBA species has to undergo deprotonation before oxidation. DIGISIM modelling of the voltammetric profiles deduced a value of 5.2 for the pKa of the thiol moiety which is in good agreement with that obtained from spectrophotometric data. Also reported are the rate constants for all the heterogeneous and homogeneous processes.
Shape of “True” transition boiling curve and two‐mode boiling
Authors: Lee Duu‐Jong , Mei Lu Shaw 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTwo‐mode boiling could occur on the same heating element, which provided information on the criterion separating the stable and metastable boiling regimes. The “equal‐area” criterion based on the complete boiling curve interpreted the criterion of coexistence of the two boiling modes. However, the transition boiling curve could not be constructed by the pool boiling tests. Literature works adopted various correlations of transition boiling curves for analysis, but failed to recognize the possible errors incorporated in such an approximation. This paper demonstrated the relative errors embedded in calculating the equal‐area criterion by assuming various shapes of the transition boiling curve. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(7): 593–601, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10113