bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of membrane fouling by protein mixtures using MALDI‐MS
Authors: Chan R. , Chen Vicky , Bucknall M. P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBinary aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β‐lactoglobulin (bLG) were subject to flux‐stepping and constant flux ultrafiltration to identify the apparent critical flux and to study the mechanisms and factors affecting fouling when the membrane is permeable to one protein component. Membranes from these filtration experiments were analyzed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) to locate and quantify levels of fouling below and above the apparent critical flux. Hydrophilic (PLTK) regenerated cellulose and hydrophobic (PBTK) polysulfone asymmetric membranes were used, both of 30 kDa nominal molecular weight cut‐off. For the hydrophilic PLTK membrane, protein deposition was shown to depend on electrostatic forces, exhibiting little or no fouling when the proteins had the same charge sign as that of the membrane. This was found to apply for both dilute equal mass‐per‐unit‐volume and equimolar binary mixtures. For the PBTK membrane, hydrophobic protein‐membrane attractive forces were sufficiently strong to cause deposition of bLG even in the presence of repulsive electrostatic forces. For the PBTK membrane deposition exceeded monolayer coverage below and above apparent critical flux conditions but for the PLTK membrane this generally occurred when the apparent critical flux was exceeded. MALDI‐MS was shown to be a facile direct analytical technique for individually quantifying adsorbed proteins on membrane surfaces at levels as low as 50 fmol/mm2. The high levels of compound specificity inherent to mass spectrometry make this approach especially suited to the quantification of individual components in mixed deposits. In this study, MALDI‐MS was found to be successful in identifying and quantifying the protein species responsible for fouling. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of an in vivo plant P450 monooxygenase system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jiang Hanxiao , Morgan John A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCytochrome P450s are heme‐thiolate oxygenases involved in a wide number of reactions such as epoxidation, hydroxylation, and demethylation. Heterologously expressed eukaryotic P450s are potentially useful biocatalysts for stereospecific oxygenation reactions under mild conditions. Numerous factors, such as intracellular pH, cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 reductase, NADPH, and oxygen concentration all influence the in vivo activity. To systematically examine these factors, we selected ferulate 5‐hydroxylase (F5H), a plant P450, with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae WAT11 strain as an expression host. Two media compositions and two cultivation procedures were investigated to optimize the in vivo activity of F5H. We modified a previously published selective growth medium (Pompon et al. [1996] Methods Enzymol 272:51–64) that increased the specific growth rate and cell yield of the host strain. A cultivation procedure with separate growth and induction stages that each contained selective media resulted in a 45% increase of whole cell F5H specific activity. In a medium designed for simultaneous growth and induction, we observed a 2.6‐fold higher specific F5H activity, but substantially lower cell yield. Surprisingly, in this medium the higher specific F5H activity did not correlate with a higher P450 concentration. The effects of addition of the first committed heme precursor, δ‐aminolevulinic acid, and Fe(III) at the beginning of induction period were also studied for our two‐stage procedure. A small, but significant (P < 0.05) increase in whole cell F5H activity was observed following ALA addition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional display of foreign protein on surface of Escherichia coli using N‐terminal domain of ice nucleation protein
Authors: Li Lin , Gyun Kang Dong , Joon Cha Hyung 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe investigated the ability of the N‐terminal domain of InaK, an ice nucleation protein from Pseudomonas syringae KCTC1832, to act as an anchoring motif for the display of foreign proteins on the Escherichia coli cell surface. Total expression level and surface display efficiency of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was compared following their fusion with either the N‐terminal domain of InaK (InaK‐N), or with the known truncated InaK containing both N‐ and C‐terminal domains (InaK‐NC). We report that the InaK‐N/GFP fusion protein showed a similar cell surface display efficiency (∼50%) as InaK‐NC/GFP, demonstrating that the InaK N‐terminal region alone can direct translocation of foreign proteins to the cell surface and can be employed as a potential cell surface display motif. Moreover, InaK‐N/GFP showed the highest levels of total expression and surface display based on unit cell density. InaK‐N was also successful in directing cell surface display of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), confirming its ability to act as a display motif. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of various lipolytic enzymes in crude porcine pancreatic lipase preparations using covalent fluorescent inhibitors
Authors: Birner‐Grünberger Ruth , Scholze Hubert , Faber Kurt , Hermetter Albin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe developed a specific method for determination and discrimination of lipo‐/estero‐lytic enzymes in crude lipase preparations. Here we study the composition of commercial porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), since it is widely used for bioconversions of synthetic and natural substrates. Our method is based on incubation of enzyme samples with fluorescently labeled alkyl‐ or dialkylglyceryl‐phosphonates in an appropriate solvent followed by protein separation by electrophoresis and fluorescence detection with a CCD camera. After incubation with short‐chain alkylphosphonate solubilized by taurodeoxycholate, crude PPL preparations showed a very weak band at 50 kDa, which is indicative of low PPL concentrations in these samples. In addition, seven other fluorescent bands were detected. The band at the lowest molecular weight corresponded to α‐chymotrypsin. Two intensive fluorescent bands were in the molecular weight range of chymotrypsinogen (26 kDa) and four weak bands were in the range 20–24 kDa. Long‐chain dialkylglycerophosphonate labeled two protein bands in crude PPL: α‐chymotrypsin and a very intensive band corresponding to the molecular weight of chymotrypsinogen. Detection of cholesterol esterase (98 kDa) in crude PPL preparations depended on addition of the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) to the incubation mix, as demonstrated by spiking with cholesterol esterase. Thus, commercial crude PPL preparations contain a variety of estero‐/lipo‐lytic enzymes in addition to rather low amounts of active PPL, which should be considered when using crude PPL for bioconversions. Our method can also be used to show whether an isolated esterolytic activity corresponds to a single protein or isoenzymes. Here we confirm by 2D‐electrophoretic separation of “pure” PPL that PPL exists as isoenzymes in different glycosylated forms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thin ideals in music television: A source of social comparison and body dissatisfaction
Authors: Tiggemann Marika , Slater Amy 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe study investigated the impact of thin idealized images of women as presented in music television, a popular form of entertainment for young people.MethodsA sample of 84 women viewed a videotape containing either appearance music videos (which emphasized appearance and featured thin and attractive women) or nonappearance music videos. The instructional set was also manipulated to encourage or discourage social comparison.ResultsViewing the appearance music videos featuring thin women led to increased social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Regression analyses showed that the effect of video condition on body dissatisfaction was mediated by the level of comparison processing.DiscussionThe study demonstrated that the content of television programming can have negative consequences for women's body image. In addition, it offered social comparison processing as both a theoretic mechanism and a practical target for intervention. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 48–58, 2004.
Survey of regional health care providers on selection of treatment for bulimia nervosa
Authors: McAlpine Donald E. , Schroder Karla , Pankratz V. Shane , Maurer Megan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine which treatments clinicians currently recommend for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), to find out if they recommended evidence‐based treatments, and to assess availability and clinician satisfaction with treatment options.MethodsSurveys were sent to 1,263 health care providers in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin who were likely to encounter patients with BN. These health care providers comprised all primary care clinicians, physician assistants, advanced practice nurses, and all mental health/chemical dependency clinicians (MDs, Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), social workers, doctoral and masters‐level therapists, and chemical dependency (CD) counselors) affiliated with the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.ResultsEvidence‐based treatments for BN are recommended consistently and are generally perceived to be available, at least to practitioners affiliated with a large medical center in the Midwest. Clinician satisfaction with treatment options is modest.DiscussionClinicians are recommending evidence‐based treatments for BN patients and find them to be generally available. Modest satisfaction with available treatments may reflect a realistic understanding of treatment options, which need further development. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 27–32, 2004.
Comparison of self‐report to interview assessment of bulimic behaviors among preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys
Authors: Field Alison E. , Taylor C. Barr , Celio Angela , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare self‐report to interview assessment of bulimic behaviors among adolescents.MethodA sample of children in an ongoing study were recruited to complete in‐depth telephone interviews in 1998 on bulimic behaviors (i.e., binge eating and purging). The sample comprised 449 girls and 50 boys.ResultsThere was some overreporting of bulimic behaviors on the 1998 questionnaire (asking about 1997–1998) compared with the interview that may have been due to the shorter and nonoverlapping time frame in the interview compared with the questionnaire. Despite the overestimation, the questionnaire did an excellent job at classifying girls who did not purge (negative predictive values [NPV]: 0.99) or binge eat (NPV = 0.98). When purging on the interview was compared with purging on either the 1998 or 1999 questionnaires, the sensitivity increased substantially from 0.73 to 0.93.DiscussionThese findings suggest that a short self‐report assessment can be used to screen children engaging in, or at risk of beginning to engage in, binge eating and purging. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 86–92, 2004.
Clinical trial of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome
Authors: O'Reardon John P. , Stunkard Albert J. , Allison Kelly C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo test the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome.MethodsSeventeen patients meeting criteria for night eating syndrome received sertraline in a 12‐week open‐label, nonblinded trial. Outcome was assessed by four primary measures, namely, the number of nocturnal awakenings, the number of ingestions, total daily caloric intake after the evening meal, and an overall rating of change from the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale (CGI‐I).Results and DiscussionAn intent‐to‐treat analysis revealed highly significant improvements across all four primary outcome measures for all 17 subjects. Five subjects achieved full remission of symptoms (CGI‐I score of 1 = very much improved) and lost a significant amount of weight over the course of the study (−4.8 ± 2.6kg, p < .05). Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, may be beneficial in the treatment of night eating syndrome. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 16–26, 2004.
Body fat perception in eating‐disordered men
Authors: Mangweth Barbara , Hausmann Armand , Walch Thomas , Hotter Alexandra , Rupp Claudia I. , Biebl Wilfried , Hudson James I. , Pope Harrison G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to assess the relative roles of body fat ideals and body fat perception in men with eating disorders.MethodWe compared 27 men meeting criteria for a current eating disorder (17 with anorexia nervosa and 10 with bulimia nervosa), 21 male mountain climbers, and 21 control men, using a computerized test of body image, the “somatomorphic matrix.”ResultsWhen asked to choose the body that they “ideally would like to have,” men with eating disorders selected an image with body fat closely comparable to that chosen by the control men. On perceived body fat, however, the groups differed dramatically. The eating‐disordered men perceived themselves to be almost twice as fat as they actually were, whereas the control subjects showed virtually no such distortion. These findings resemble those of a previous study of women, which found that women dieters showed abnormal body fat perception, but not body fat ideals, when compared with nondieters.ConclusionThese observations suggest that distorted body perception, rather than body ideal, may be central to eating disorders in men. This distinction may be important for both research and therapy. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 102–108, 2004.
Effect of exposure to a forbidden food on eating in restrained and unrestrained women
Authors: Stirling Lucy J. , Yeomans Martin R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe current study explored the effect of availability of a forbidden food on subsequent eating behavior in restrained and unrestrained women.MethodThirty restrained and 30 nonrestrained, normal‐weight women were assigned randomly to one of two conditions, an experimental group that was exposed to a forbidden food (chocolate) for 24hr or a control group that was given no special intervention. At the end of the exposure period, all subjects completed an intake test of the forbidden food.ResultsAlthough subjects were instructed not to eat the food provided for the exposure period, women in the restrained group consumed a small quantity of the chocolate, whereas unrestrained women consumed none. Intake at test was greater in the temptation than in the control condition and restrained eaters consumed more than unrestrained eaters in both conditions.DiscussionThe results are discussed in terms of current theories of restrained eating and the possible interrelationships between eating regulation and cognition. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 59–68, 2004.
Combining universal and targeted prevention for school‐based eating disorder programs
Authors: Abascal Liana , Brown Jennifer Bruning , Winzelberg Andrew J. , Dev Parvati , Taylor C. Barr 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined a step toward providing a universal prevention program to all students while targeting those at risk.MethodSeventy‐eight 10th‐grade female students were provided an on‐line eating disorder prevention program and randomized to participate in (1) a higher risk and higher motivated group, (2) a lower risk or lower motivated group, or (3) a combined group.ResultsThe students in the first group made significantly fewer negative and more positive comments in the on‐line group discussion than the higher risk and higher motivated participants in the combined group. However, there were no differences among groups on outcome measures.DiscussionThe results suggest that, because it is relatively easy to provide interventions with separate groups, it seems appropriate to do so, if for no other reason than to minimize the few very negative comments that were posted by students that might have created an adverse environment for the higher risk‐participants that the intervention specifically targets. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 1–9, 2004.
Use of nutritional supplements to increase the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Barbarich Nicole C. , McConaha Claire W. , Halmi Katherine A. , Gendall Kelly , Sunday Suzanne R. , Gaskill Jill , La Via Maria , Frank Guido K. , Brooks Sarah , Plotnicov Katherine H. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication does not appear to be effective in ill, malnourished anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. However, it may be effective in preventing relapse after weight restoration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nutritional supplements could potentiate the effects of fluoxetine in underweight AN subjects.MethodTwenty‐six subjects with AN participated in a trial of fluoxetine. In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled manner, subjects received either nutritional supplements or a nutritional placebo. The nutritional supplement included tryptophan (the precursor of serotonin), vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids believed to influence serotonin pathway function.ResultsThere was no significant difference in weight gain between subjects treated with fluoxetine plus nutritional supplements versus fluoxetine plus a nutritional placebo. Moreover, there were no significant differences between groups on mean changes in anxiety or obsessive and compulsive symptoms.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that supplement strategies are not a substitute for adequate nutrition and are ineffective in increasing the efficacy of fluoxetine in underweight AN subjects. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 10–15, 2004.
Self‐oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in the Eating Disorder Inventory Perfectionism subscale
Authors: Sherry Simon B. , Hewitt Paul L. , Besser Avi , McGee Brandy J. , Flett Gordon L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the existence and the importance of the distinction between self‐oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in the Eating Disorder Inventory Perfectionism subscale (EDI‐P).MethodTrait perfectionism, measured by the EDI‐P, and eating disorder symptoms, measured by the 26‐item Eating Attitudes Test, were examined in 220 university students (110 women and 110 men) belonging to a campus‐based fitness facility.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis indicated that, for both genders, the EDI‐P is best represented by a multidimensional factor structure with three self‐oriented perfectionism items (EDI‐SOP) and three socially prescribed perfectionism items (EDI‐SPP). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that, for both genders, EDI‐SOP and EDI‐SPP are related independently to eating disorder symptoms. Moderational analysis indicated that, for women, the impact of EDI‐SOP on eating disorder symptoms is dependent on the level of EDI‐SPP.DiscussionIt is suggested that future research should acknowledge the empirical and theoretical implications of having EDI‐SOP and EDI‐SPP in the EDI‐P. It is cautioned that EDI‐SOP and EDI‐SPP are a partial representation of an already published multidimensional model of trait perfectionism. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 69–79, 2004.
Doppler evaluation of the thyroid in pediatric goiter
Authors: Mahmutyazıcıoğlu Kamran , Turgut Mehmet 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to identify any changes in Doppler parameters in the thyroid arteries of pediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of goiter living in an area where goiter is endemic.Patients and MethodsIn this prospective study, 20 pediatric patients with simple endemic goiter and 20 age‐matched healthy subjects underwent sonographic examination. The resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) on duplex sonography were measured from the inferior thyroid arteries, and the thyroid gland volume was recorded. Serum thyrotropin, free T3 hormone, and free T4 hormone levels were measured in both groups.ResultsThe mean thyroid volume (± standard deviation) was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects (7.2 ± 1.4 ml versus 3.2 ± 1.1 ml; p < 0.01). The mean RI values for the thyroid arteries were significantly lower in the patient than in the control group (0.58 versus 0.70, respectively; p < 0.05). The mean PSV of the thyroid arteries was significantly higher for the patients than for the healthy subjects (mean, 36.7 cm/second versus 18.3 cm/second, respectively; p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the Doppler parameters and any of the hormone levels evaluated.ConclusionsIn the arteries supplying the thyroid gland in a pediatric population, RIs were lower and PSVs higher in the patients with diffuse goiter than in the healthy control group. We discuss iodine deficiency as a possible mechanism for these changes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:24–28, 2004
Sonographic findings of active Clonorchis sinensis infection
Authors: Choi Dongil , Hong Sung‐Tae , Lim Jae Hoon , Cho Seung‐Yull , Rim Han‐Jong , Ji Zhuo , Yuan Ren , Wang Shuyu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to document the characteristic sonographic findings of clonorchiasis for the diagnosis of active infection in an endemic area.MethodsIn a village in northeastern China, residents underwent fecal examinations for detection of Clonorchis sinensis eggs. Shortly thereafter, residents were examined with abdominal sonography. An experienced radiologist performed the sonographic examinations and analyzed the findings. Subjects whose fecal examinations were positive for eggs were considered to have active clonorchiasis; those whose examinations were negative for eggs were used as control subjects. The distinguishing sonographic features of active clonorchiasis were identified by stepwise logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study population comprised 457 subjects; fecal examinations revealed C. sinensis eggs in 316 and no eggs in 141. Four sonographic findings distinguished subjects with active clonorchiasis from control subjects: increased periductal echogenicity (p < 0.001; R = 0.11; sensitivity, 35%; specificity, 91%), floating echogenic foci in the gallbladder (p < 0.001; R = 0.09; sensitivity, 28%; specificity, 94%), diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (p < 0.01; R = 0.03; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 48%), and gallbladder distention (p < 0.05; R = 0.02; sensitivity, 3%; specificity, 100%), in decreasing order of significance. Among these 4 sonographic findings, increased periductal echogenicity and floating echogenic foci in the gallbladder were more significantly associated with active infection than were the other 2.ConclusionsIncreased periductal echogenicity and floating echogenic foci in the gallbladder were identified as the 2 most significant findings for the sonographic diagnosis of active C. sinensis infection. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:17–23, 2004