bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Using Boosting-Based Machine Learning Algorithms for IoT Network Intrusion Detection
Authors: Saied Mohamed , Guirguis Shawkat , Madbouly Magda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment has revolutionized the quality of living standards by enabling seamless connectivity and automation. However, the widespread adoption of IoT has also brought forth significant security challenges for manufacturers and consumers alike. Detecting network intrusions in IoT networks using machine learning techniques shows promising potential. However, selecting an appropriate machine learning algorithm for intrusion detection poses a considerable challenge. Improper algorithm selection can lead to reduced detection accuracy, increased risk of network infection, and compromised network security. This article provides a comparative evaluation to six state-of-the-art boosting-based algorithms for detecting intrusions in IoT. The methodology overview involves benchmarking the performance of the selected boosting-based algorithms in multi-class classification. The evaluation includes a comprehensive classification performance analysis includes accuracy, precision, detection rate, F1 score, as well as a temporal performance analysis includes training and testing times.
Underwater visual feature matching based on attenuation invariance
Authors: Sun Jinghao , Yu Hui , Rao Yuan , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderwater visual feature matching plays an important role in the localization and autonomous motion of underwater robots. However, feature descriptors are prone to change in degraded underwater images due to light attenuation, which leads to image color distortion, blur, and low illumination. Although the recent developments in deep learning have improved the performance of feature descriptors, the degradation of underwater images and the lack of underwater datasets have hindered the development of underwater visual feature matching and localization techniques. Herein, we propose an underwater visual feature matching method based on attenuation invariance. Our approach involves two main components. First, we study the attenuation differences between images to generate feature descriptors that are invariant to attenuation, thereby improving the accuracy of underwater visual feature matching. Second, we construct two datasets: the multiple water type (MWT) dataset, which contains over 30000 underwater images, and the underwater image feature descriptor (UIFD) evaluation dataset. These datasets are developed to compensate for the lack of evaluation datasets for underwater visual feature matching. The code and datasets are available at https://github.com/Sun-Jinghao/UIFD.
How intrasexual competitiveness shapes attitudes towards cosmetic surgery recipients
Authors: Bonell Sarah , Klebl Christoph , Blake Khandis , Griffiths Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cosmetic surgery is extremely popular. Despite this, negative attitudes towards cosmetic surgery recipients prevail. Across two pre-registered studies, we examined whether intrasexual competitiveness explains these negative attitudes. Participants in Study 1 were 343 (mean age = 24.74) single heterosexual American women and participants in Study 2 were 445 (mean age = 19.03) single heterosexual Australian women. Participants in both studies were primed for either low or high intrasexual competitiveness. Contrary to our predictions, we found that priming condition did not influence participants’ derogation and social exclusion of cosmetic surgery recipients. We did, however, find evidence for a ‘relative attractiveness’ halo effect: participants engaged in less derogation and social exclusion when they assumed cosmetic surgery recipients were more attractive than themselves. This suggests that 'pretty privilege' extends not only to women who meet conventional beauty standards, but also to those who are perceived as relatively closer to meeting these standards than the individual with whom they are engaging. Overall, we concluded that intrasexual competitiveness does not encourage the stigmatisation of cosmetic surgery recipients and examined alternative explanations for this phenomenon.
Maternal grandmothers buffer the effects of ethnic discrimination among pregnant Latina mothers
Authors: Knorr Delaney A. , Fox Molly M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethnic discrimination during pregnancy is linked to maternal psychological distress, adverse birth outcomes and increased offspring morbidity and mortality. An evolutionary perspective reframes offspring health issues as a risk to maternal fitness. We argue that kin may be evolutionarily motivated to buffer psychosocial stressors for the mother during pregnancy. Previously, we found that the relationship of a pregnant woman with her own mother (fetus’ maternal grandmother) had a positive association on maternal prenatal psychology, above and beyond her relationship with her fetus’ father. Here, we ask if grandmothers buffer mothers’ prenatal psychological distress from ethnic discrimination. Using self-report data collected from 216 pregnant Latina women living in Southern California, we found discrimination to be significantly, positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in linear regression models. Maternal grandmother communication attenuated the association of discrimination and all three psychological distress measures, adjusting for the mother's relationship with the father. Maternal grandmother emotional support similarly significantly moderated the relationship of discrimination with depression and anxiety. We did not observe any significant interactions for paternal grandmother relationships. Geographic proximity was not a significant stress buffer. Results suggest the important role maternal grandmothers play in perinatal mental health, and that these benefits exist uncoupled from geographic proximity.
Three-dimensional flow structures in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection at low Prandtl number Pr = 0.03
Authors: Wondrak Thomas , Sieger Max , Mitra Rahul , Schindler Felix , Stefani Frank , Vogt Tobias , Eckert Sven 
Published: November 2023

In this paper we report on an experimental study focusing on the manifestation and dynamics of the large-scale circulation (LSC) in turbulent liquid metal convection. The experiments are performed inside a cylinder of aspect ratio

$\varGamma = 0.5$

filled with the ternary alloy GaInSn, which has a Prandtl number of

$Pr = 0.03$

. The large-scale flow structures are classified and characterized at Rayleigh numbers of

${Ra} = 9.33 \times 10^6, 5.31 \times 10^7$

and

$6.02 \times 10^8$

by means of the contactless inductive flow tomography which enables the full reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3-D) flow structures in the entire convection cell. This is complemented with the multi-thermal-probe method for capturing the azimuthal temperature variation induced by the LSC at the sidewall. We use proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to identify the dominating modes of the turbulent convection. The analysis reveals that a single-roll structure of the LSC alternates in short succession with double-roll structures or a three-roll structure. This is accompanied by dramatic fluctuations of the Reynolds number, whose instantaneous values can deviate by more than 50 % from the time-average value. No coherent oscillations are observed, whereas a correlation analysis indicates a residual contribution of the torsion and sloshing modes. Results of the POD analysis suggest a stabilization of the single-roll LSC with increasing

$Ra$

at the expense of flow structures with multiple rolls. Moreover, the relative lifetime of all identified flow states, measured in units of free-fall times, increases with rising

$Ra$

.
Induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field – arrest of ruptures by fault plane irregularities
Authors: Wentinck H. M. , Kortekaas M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrom dynamic rupture simulations, we reveal under which conditions a rupture in the Groningen gas field stops along fault dip or along fault strike after it starts on a fault in the reservoir. The simulations focus on the capabilities of fault plane irregularities to arrest ruptures. Such irregularities can be recognised in sandstone outcrops. Fault planes in the Groningen field, extracted from the 3D seismic data by seismic attribute extraction methods, show similar irregularities. A detailed surface of a major fault plane in the field indicates that steps and jogs of tenths of metres are possible. Although these irregularities are close to seismic resolution and could be partially artificial, we investigated their effect on rupture arrest.For typical current stresses in the Groningen field, jogs and steps of this length scale are found to be remarkably effective to stop ruptures in the reservoir. Also, a significant increase in the fault dip along fault strike can stop these ruptures but a kink in the fault under a constant fault dip not.Including non-planar fault features and pressure diffusion in the Carboniferous, the simulations in this paper follow trends of previous simulations in the literature using 2D planar faults. In particular, the horizontal stress in this formation and the strength of the Carboniferous fault zone are important for rupture propagation. If the fault would have been reactivated in the Neogene or Quaternary and poorly healed in clay-rich parts, rupture propagation into the Carboniferous can only be prevented by jogs of sufficient size and lateral continuity under the present estimate of the horizontal field stress.
Fundamental Considerations of Design and Function
Authors: Joan Lund Valerie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The operation of inferior meatal antrostomy has emerged as the most
popular surgical technique in the management of maxillary sinusitis though
the surgical anatomy and natural history of the procedure are poorly
understood. The anatomy of the inferior meatus determines surgical
limitations and a retrospective study of 108 patients who have undergone
antrostomy provides a oasis for a prospective study in which the size of the
antrostomy has been assessed in 65 patients pre- and post-operatively using
direct measurement and serial photography. After initial circumferential
healing within the first few weeks, the majority remain unchanged unless
infection supervenes when complete closure may result. The closure is a
combination of fibrous tissue and bone in the majority of cases. A critical
size is apparent below which complete closure can be anticipated whereas if
too large an antrostomy is fashioned, related anatomy is jeopardised and
therefore the dimensions must be carefully judged if long-term patency is
desired.
The effect of patency on the mucus-secreting elements of sinus mucosa is
examined in a second prospective group of 19 patients. Assessment of
subjective clinical success determines overall benefit from the operation in
most patients though mucous discharge is least improved and this is directly
related to the level of increase in goblet cells.
The role of the inferior meatal antrostomy is dependent upon an
understanding of the pathophysiology of sinusitis and thereby determining
those patients who have potentially reversible mucosal damage and are
therefore most likely to benefit from the procedure.
Environmental Drivers of Coccolithophore Growth in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Oliver H. , McGillicuddy D. J. , Krumhardt K. M. , Long M. C. , Bates N. R. , Bowler B. C. , Drapeau D. T. , Balch W. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Great Calcite Belt (GCB) is a band of high concentrations of suspended particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) spanning the subantarctic Southern Ocean and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The key limiting factors controlling coccolithophore growth supporting this high PIC have not yet been well‐characterized in the remote Pacific sector, the lowest PIC but largest area of the GCB. Here, we present in situ physical and biogeochemical measurements along 150°W from January to February 2021, where a coccolithophore bloom occurred. In both months, PIC was elevated in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), where nitrate was >1 μM and temperatures were ∼13°C in January and ∼14°C in February, consistent with conditions previously associated with optimal coccolithophore growth potential. The highest PIC was associated with a relatively narrow temperature range that increased about 1°C between occupations. A fresher water mass had been transported to the 150°W meridian between occupations, and altimetry‐informed Lagrangian backtracking estimates show that most of this water was likely transported from the southeast within the SAZ. Applying the observations in a coccolithophore growth model for both January and February, we show that the ∼1.7°C increase in temperature can explain the rise in PIC between occupations.
Evolution of Chorus Subpackets in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Chen Huayue , Wang Xueyi , Chen Lunjin , Omura Yoshiharu , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Lin Yu , Xia Zhiyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChorus subpackets/subelements are the wave packets occurring at intervals of ∼10–100 msec and are suggested to play a crucial role in the formation of substructures within pulsating aurora. In this study, we investigate the evolution of subpackets from the upstream to downstream regions. Using Van Allen Probe A measurements, we have found that the frequency of the upstream subpackets increases smoothly, but that of the downstream subpackets remains almost unchanged. Through a simulation in the real‐size magnetosphere, we have reproduced the subpackets with characteristics similar to those in observations, and revealed that the frequency chirping is influenced by both resonant current of electrons and wave amplitude due to nonlinear physics. Although the resonant currents in the upstream and downstream regions are comparable, the wave amplitude increases significantly during evolution, resulting in lower sweep rate in the downstream region. Our findings provide a fresh insight into the evolution of chorus subpackets.
Explicitly Resolved Cloud Feedbacks in the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Stauffer C. L. , Wing A. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRadiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) is particularly well suited for studying tropical deep‐convection, a regime of clouds that contributes some of the highest uncertainties to the estimates of total cloud feedback. In order to perform a comprehensive calculation and decomposition of cloud feedbacks in cloud‐permitting models, previously primarily done in global climate models, the configuration of a satellite simulator for use with offline data was successfully implemented. The resultant total cloud feedback is slightly positive, primarily driven by the longwave effects of increases in cloud altitude. The high‐cloud altitude feedback is robustly positive and has a central value and uncertainty well‐matched with prior estimates. Reductions in high cloud amount drive a tropical anvil cloud area feedback that is on average negative, consistent with prior estimates. However, a subset of models with finer horizontal grid spacing indicate that a positive tropical anvil cloud area feedback cannot be ruled out. Even though RCE is only applicable to tropical deep‐convective clouds, the RCE total cloud feedback is within the range of prior comprehensive estimates of the global total cloud feedback. This emphasizes that the tropics heavily influence the behavior of global cloud feedbacks and that RCE can be exploited to learn more about how processes related to deep convection control cloud feedbacks.
Progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy for non-small cell lung cancer with liver metastases
Authors: Qu Fan-jie , Zhou Yi , Wu Shuang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNearly one-fifth of patients with non-small cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) will develop liver metastases (LMs), and the overall treatment strategy of LMs will directly affect the survival of patients. However, some retrospective studies have found that patients receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapy have a poorer prognosis once LMs develop. In recent years, multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTS) have shown significant improvements in outcomes for patients with advanced lung cancer following the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to conventional chemotherapy. ICIs is safe and effective in patients with LMs, although patients with LMs are mostly underrepresented in randomised clinical trials. However, NSCLC patients with LMs have a significantly worse prognosis than those without LMs when treated with ICIs, and the mechanism by which LMs induce systemic anti-tumour immunity reduction is unknown, so the management of LMs in patients with NSCLC is a clinical challenge that requires more optimised therapies to achieve effective disease control. In this review, we summarised the mechanism of ICIs in the treatment of LMs, the clinical research and treatment progress of ICIs and their combination with other therapies in patients with LMs from NSCLC.
Automated temporalis muscle quantification and growth charts for children through adulthood
Authors: Zapaishchykova Anna , Liu Kevin X. , Saraf Anurag , Ye Zezhong , Catalano Paul J. , Benitez Viviana , Ravipati Yashwanth , Jain Arnav , Huang Julia , Hayat Hasaan , Likitlersuang Jirapat , Vajapeyam Sridhar , Chopra Rishi B. , Familiar Ariana M. , Nabavidazeh Ali , Mak Raymond H. , Resnick Adam C. , Mueller Sabine , Cooney Tabitha M. , Haas-Kogan Daphne A. , Poussaint Tina Y. , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. , Kann Benjamin H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLean muscle mass (LMM) is an important aspect of human health. Temporalis muscle thickness is a promising LMM marker but has had limited utility due to its unknown normal growth trajectory and reference ranges and lack of standardized measurement. Here, we develop an automated deep learning pipeline to accurately measure temporalis muscle thickness (iTMT) from routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We apply iTMT to 23,876 MRIs of healthy subjects, ages 4 through 35, and generate sex-specific iTMT normal growth charts with percentiles. We find that iTMT was associated with specific physiologic traits, including caloric intake, physical activity, sex hormone levels, and presence of malignancy. We validate iTMT across multiple demographic groups and in children with brain tumors and demonstrate feasibility for individualized longitudinal monitoring. The iTMT pipeline provides unprecedented insights into temporalis muscle growth during human development and enables the use of LMM tracking to inform clinical decision-making.
Coordinated regulation of the entry and exit steps of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis supports the dual lignin pathway in grasses
Authors: El-Azaz Jorge , Moore Bethany , Takeda-Kimura Yuri , Yokoyama Ryo , Wijesingha Ahchige Micha , Chen Xuan , Schneider Matthew , Maeda Hiroshi A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVascular plants direct large amounts of carbon to produce the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine to support the production of lignin and other phenylpropanoids. Uniquely, grasses, which include many major crops, can synthesize lignin and phenylpropanoids from both phenylalanine and tyrosine. However, how grasses regulate aromatic amino acid biosynthesis to feed this dual lignin pathway is unknown. Here we show, by stable-isotope labeling, that grasses produce tyrosine >10-times faster than Arabidopsis without compromising phenylalanine biosynthesis. Detailed in vitro enzyme characterization and combinatorial in planta expression uncovered that coordinated expression of specific enzyme isoforms at the entry and exit steps of the aromatic amino acid pathway enables grasses to maintain high production of both tyrosine and phenylalanine, the precursors of the dual lignin pathway. These findings highlight the complex regulation of plant aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and provide novel genetic tools to engineer the interface of primary and specialized metabolism in plants.
2D quasi-layered material with domino structure
Authors: Lan Haihui , Wang Luyang , He Runze , Huang Shuyi , Yu Jinqiu , Guo Jinming , Luo Jingrui , Li Yiling , Zhang Jinyang , Lin Jiaxin , Zhang Shunping , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterlayer coupling strength dichotomizes two-dimensional (2D) materials into layered and non-layered types. Traditionally, they can be regarded as atomic layers intrinsically linked via van der Waals (vdW) forces or covalent bonds, oriented orthogonally to their growth plane. In our work, we report a material system that differentiates from layered and non-layered materials, termed quasi-layered domino-structured (QLDS) materials, effectively bridging the gap between these two typical categories. Considering the skewed structure, the force orthogonal to the 2D QLDS-GaTe growth plane constitutes a synergistic blend of vdW forces and covalent bonds, with neither of them being perpendicular to the 2D growth plane. This unique amalgamation results in a force that surpasses that in layered materials, yet is weaker than that in non-layered materials. Therefore, the lattice constant contraction along this unique orientation can be as much as 7.7%, tantalizingly close to the theoretical prediction of 10.8%. Meanwhile, this feature endows remarkable anisotropy, second harmonic generation enhancement with a staggering susceptibility of 394.3 pm V−1. These findings endow further applications arranged in nonlinear optics, sensors, and catalysis.
Progesterone activation of β1-containing BK channels involves two binding sites
Authors: North Kelsey C. , Shaw Andrew A. , Bukiya Anna N. , Dopico Alex M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProgesterone (≥1 µM) is used in recovery of cerebral ischemia, an effect likely contributed to by cerebrovascular dilation. The targets of this progesterone action are unknown. We report that micromolar (µM) progesterone activates mouse cerebrovascular myocyte BK channels; this action is lost in β1-/- mice myocytes and in lipid bilayers containing BK α subunit homomeric channels but sustained on β1/β4-containing heteromers. Progesterone binds to both regulatory subunits, involving two steroid binding sites conserved in β1-β4: high-affinity (sub-µM), which involves Trp87 in β1 loop, and low-affinity (µM) defined by TM1 Tyr32 and TM2 Trp163. Thus progesterone, but not its oxime, bridges TM1-TM2. Mutation of the high-affinity site blunts channel activation by progesterone underscoring a permissive role of the high-affinity site: progesterone binding to this site enables steroid binding at the low-affinity site, which activates the channel. In support of our model, cerebrovascular dilation evoked by μM progesterone is lost by mutating Tyr32 or Trp163 in β1 whereas these mutations do not affect alcohol-induced cerebrovascular constriction. Furthermore, this alcohol action is effectively counteracted both in vitro and in vivo by progesterone but not by its oxime.