bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role‐related library use by local union officials
Authors: Chaplan Margaret A. , Hertenstein Edward J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA questionnaire was distributed to local union officials in Illinois in order to determine the officials' use of various types of libraries, their satisfaction with their experience in using the libraries, the problems they encountered in library use, and their opinion of various ways in which libraries might be made more useful to them. They were also asked whether they had had training in how to find information. Respondents to the survey used more than one type of library, and their union role had an impact on which type they were likely to use. They used different types of libraries to find different types of information. In general they were satisfied with their library experience, but they found library collections inadequate for their needs. Respondents who had had training in how to find information appeared to use libraries more but differed little in the frequency or types of problems encountered from those who had no training. When asked their opinion on various suggestions for improving library service to local union officials, they preferred measures that gave greater emphasis to increasing labor materials in library collections. The findings of this study, combined with those of our earlier study (Chaplan & Hertenstein, 2002), suggest that an information seeking model developed by Wilkinson (2001) may be useful in explaining union officials' information seeking behavior.
Thermophysiological responses of human volunteers to whole body RF exposure at 220 MHz
Authors: Adair Eleanor R. , Blick Dennis W. , Allen Stewart J. , Mylacraine Kevin S. , Ziriax John M. , Scholl Dennis M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSince 1994, our research has demonstrated how thermophysiological responses are mobilized in human volunteers exposed to three radio frequencies, 100, 450, and 2450 MHz. A significant gap in this frequency range is now filled by the present study, conducted at 220 MHz. Thermoregulatory responses of heat loss and heat production were measured in six adult volunteers (five males, one female, aged 24–63 years) during 45 min whole body dorsal exposures to 220 MHz radio frequency (RF) energy. Three power densities (PD = 9, 12, and 15 mW/cm2 [1 mW/cm2 = 10 W/m2], whole body average normalized specific absorption rate [SAR] = 0.045 [W/kg]/[mW/cm2] = 0.0045 [W/kg]/[W/m2]) were tested at each of three ambient temperatures (Ta = 24, 28, and 31 °C) plus Ta controls (no RF). Measured responses included esophageal (Tesoph) and seven skin temperatures (Tsk), metabolic rate (M), local sweat rate, and local skin blood flow (SkBF). Derived measures included heart rate (HR), respiration rate, and total evaporative water loss (EWL). Finite difference‐time domain (FDTD) modeling of a seated 70 kg human exposed to 220 MHz predicted six localized ‘hot spots’ at which local temperatures were also measured. No changes in M occurred under any test condition, while Tesoph showed small changes (≤0.35 °C) but never exceeded 37.3 °C. As with similar exposures at 100 MHz, local Tsk changed little and modest increases in SkBF were recorded. At 220 MHz, vigorous sweating occurred at PD = 12 and 15 mW/cm2, with sweating levels higher than those observed for equivalent PD at 100 MHz. Predicted ‘hot spots’ were confirmed by local temperature measurements. The FDTD model showed the local SAR in deep neural tissues that harbor temperature‐sensitive neurons (e.g., brainstem, spinal cord) to be greater at 220 than at 100 MHz. Human exposure at both 220 and 100 MHz results in far less skin heating than occurs during exposure at 450 MHz. However, the exposed subjects thermoregulate efficiently because of increased heat loss responses, particularly sweating. It is clear that these responses are controlled by neural signals from thermosensors deep in the brainstem and spinal cord, rather than those in the skin. Bioelectromagnetics 26:448–461, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of genes affecting lycopene accumulation in Escherichia coli using a shot‐gun method
Authors: Kang Min Jung , Lee Young Mi , Yoon Sang Hwal , Kim Jung Heon , Ock So Won , Jung Kyung Hwa , Shin Yong Chul , Keasling Jay D. , Kim Seon Won 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGenes enhancing lycopene production in Escherichia coli were identified through colorimetric screening of shot‐gun library clones constructed with E. coli chromosomal DNA. These E. coli cells had been engineered to produce lycopene, a red‐colored carotenoid, which enabled screening for genes that enhance lycopene production. Six clones with enhanced lycopene production were isolated. Among 13 genes in these clones, dxs, appY, crl, and rpoS were found to be involved in enhanced lycopene production. While dxs and rpoS have been already reported to enhance lycopene production, appY and crl have not. DXP (1‐deoxy‐D‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate) synthase is encoded by dxs and participates in the rate‐limiting step in the synthesis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), a building block of lycopene. Sigma S factor, encoded by rpoS, regulates transcription of genes induced at the stationary phase. The appY and crl genes encode transcriptional regulators related to anaerobic energy metabolism and the formation of curli surface fibers, respectively. E. coli harboring appY plasmids produced 2.8 mg lycopene/g dry cell weight (DCW), the same amount obtained with dxs despite the fact that appY is not directly involved in the lycopene synthesis pathway. The co‐expression of appY, crl, and rpoS with dxs synergistically enhanced lycopene production. The co‐expression of appY with dxs produced eight times the amount of lycopene (4.7 mg/g DCW) that was produced without expression of both genes (0.6 mg/g DCW). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rectal intussusception in symptomatic patients is different from that in asymptomatic volunteers
Authors: Dvorkin L S , Gladman M A , Epstein J , Scott S M , Williams N S , Lunniss P J 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Rectal intussusception is a common finding at evacuation proctography in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Little information exists, however, as to whether intussusception morphology differs between patients with evacuatory dysfunction and healthy volunteers.

Methods
Thirty patients (19 women; median age 44 (range 21–76) years) with disordered rectal evacuation, in whom an isolated intussusception was seen on proctography, were studied. Various morphological parameters were measured, and compared with those from 11 asymptomatic controls (six women; median age 30 (range 24–38) years) found, from 31 volunteers, to have rectal intussusception. Intussusceptum thickness greater than 3 mm was designated as full thickness. Intussuscepta impeding evacuation were deemed to be occluding.

Results
Twenty-two patients had full-thickness intussusception, compared with two controls (P = 0·003). Intussusceptum thickness was significantly greater in the symptomatic group (anterior component: P = 0·004; posterior: P = 0·011). Twenty patients in the symptomatic group, but only three subjects in the control group, had a mechanically occluding intussusception (P = 0·043), although only three patients demonstrated evacuatory dynamics outside the normal range.

Conclusion
Rectal intussusception in patients with evacuatory dysfunction is more advanced morphologically than that seen in asymptomatic controls; it is predominantly full thickness in patients and mucosal in controls. However, caution is required when selecting patients for intervention based solely on radiological findings.
Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication compared with proton-pump inhibitors for treatment of chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: Mahon D , Rhodes M , Decadt B , Hindmarsh A , Lowndes R , Beckingham I , Koo B , Newcombe R G 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Both laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy are established in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The aim of this study was to compare these two treatments in a randomized clinical trial.

Methods
Between July 1997 and August 2001, 340 patients with a history of GORD for at least 6 months were investigated by endoscopy, 24-h pH monitoring and manometry. Of these, 217 were randomized, 109 to LNF and 108 to PPI therapy. The two groups were well matched for age, sex, weight and severity of reflux. Twenty-four-hour pH monitoring and manometry were performed 3 months after treatment, and quality of life was assessed in both groups using the Psychological General Well-being Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale at 3 and 12 months after treatment.

Results
At 3 months there was an improvement in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure from 6·3 to 17·2 mmHg in the LNF group but no change in the PPI group (8·1 and 7·9 mmHg before and after treatment respectively) (P &lt; 0·001). The mean DeMeester acid exposure score improved from 42·7 to 8·6 (P &lt; 0·001) in the LNF group and from 36·9 to 17·7 in the PPI group (P &lt; 0·001). The mean gastrointestinal symptom and general well-being scores improved from 31·7 and 95·4 respectively before treatment to 37·0 and 106·2 at 12 months after LNF, compared with changes from 34·3 and 98·5 to 35·0 and 100·4 respectively in the PPI group. The differences in both of these scores were significant between the two groups at 12 months (P = 0·003).

Conclusion
LNF leads to significantly less acid exposure of the lower oesophagus at 3 months and significantly greater improvements in both gastrointestinal and general well-being after 12 months compared with PPI treatment.
Surgery for non-localized bronchiectasis
Authors: Schneiter D , Meyer N , Lardinois D , Korom S , Kestenholz P , Weder W 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Resection for localized bronchiectasis is a well established therapy. However, there is little information on the role of surgery in non-localized bronchiectasis.

Methods
Between January 1992 and April 2001, 55 patients without cystic fibrosis underwent resection. Forty-eight patients (mean age 45 (range 23–74) years; 32 women) were available for long-term follow-up. Twenty-five patients underwent resection for localized disease (group 1) and 23 had bronchiectasis in at least two different lobes (group 2).

Results
Thirty-one of the 48 patients were treated by Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) resection. There was no 30-day mortality. Mean duration of hospital stay was 10·9 (range 6–31) days in group 1 and 11·1 (range 5–19) days in group 2. Three of 25 patients in group 1 required reoperation. Only minor complications occurred in group 2 (three patients). Mean follow-up for both groups was 37 (range 6–97) months. Twenty-three of 25 patients in group 1 and 16 of 23 in group 2 reported satisfaction at 6 months after the operation. Recurrent infection was noted in three patients in each group. Haemoptysis recurred in only one patient in group 2.

Conclusion
The surgical treatment of selected patients with non-localized bronchiectasis was safe and most patients were satisfied with the outcome.
The Structure of Poly(carbonsuboxide) on the Atomic Scale: A Solid‐State NMR Study
Authors: Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Beck Johannes , Hoffbauer Wilfried , Krieger‐Beck Petra 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this contribution we present a study of the structure of amorphous poly(carbonsuboxide) (C3O2)x by 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy supported by infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Poly(carbonsuboxide) was obtained by polymerization of carbonsuboxide C3O2, which in turn was synthesized from malonic acid bis(trimethylsilylester). Two different 13C labeling schemes were applied to probe inter‐ and intramonomeric bonds in the polymer by dipolar solid‐state NMR methods and also to allow quantitative 13C MAS NMR spectra. Four types of carbon environments can be distinguished in the NMR spectra. Double‐quantum and triple‐quantum 2D correlation experiments were used to assign the observed peaks using the through‐space and through‐bond dipolar coupling. In order to obtain distance constraints for the intermonomeric bonds, double‐quantum constant‐time experiments were performed. In these experiments an additional filter step was applied to suppress contributions from not directly bonded 13C,13C spin pairs. The 13C NMR intensities, chemical shifts, connectivities and distances gave constraints for both the polymerization mechanism and the short‐range order of the polymer. The experimental results were complemented by bond lengths predicted by density functional theory methods for several previously suggested models. Based on the presented evidence we can unambiguously exclude models based on γ‐pyronic units and support models based on α‐pyronic units. The possibility of planar ladder‐ and bracelet‐like α‐pyronic structures is discussed.
Red cell mass and plasma volume measurements in polycythemia:
Authors: Sirhan Shireen , Fairbanks Virgil F. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the absence of any systematic evidence for diagnostic utility, red cell mass (RCM) measurement has been endorsed as a major diagnostic criterion for polycythemia vera (PV) based on a set of eligibility criteria for a clinical trial formulated by an International PV Study Group in 1967.METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on a consecutive series of 105 patients who underwent blood volume measurements for evaluation of polycythemia. In a previous study, the authors had systematically compared RCM measurement by 51Cr‐labeled erythrocytes and 125I‐labeled human serum albumin and demonstrated equivalence between the two methods. In the current study, they used the latter method and applied the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology recommendations for result interpretation in order to evaluate test performance and practical utility.RESULTSRCM exceeded the 98–99% limits of the reference range in 76%, 20%, 22%, and 57% of patients with PV (n = 25), secondary polycythemia (n = 35), spurious or apparent polycythemia (n = 38), and essential thrombocythemia (n = 7), respectively. Decreased plasma volume was rarely seen in any of the disease categories. In all instances of PV, the diagnosis was readily apparent, based on alternative clinical and laboratory tests, and did not require the additional information from blood volume measurement. Furthermore, alternative methods of PV diagnosis, based on disease‐specific biological markers as well as bone marrow histology, are now available.CONCLUSIONSThe continued use of RCM and plasma volume measurements for the diagnosis of PV is no longer warranted. Cancer 2005. ©2005 American Cancer Society.
Medial olivocochlear reflex interneurons are located in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus: A kainic acid lesion study in guinea pigs
Authors: De Venecia Ronald K. , Liberman M. Charles , Guinan John J. , Brown M. Christian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex arc is probably a three‐neuron pathway consisting of type I spiral ganglion neurons, reflex interneurons in the cochlear nucleus, and MOC neurons that project to the outer hair cells of the cochlea. We investigated the identity of MOC reflex interneurons in the cochlear nucleus by assaying their regional distribution using focal injections of kainic acid. Our reflex metric was the amount of change in the distortion product otoacoustic emission (at 2f1–f2) just after onset of the primary tones. This metric for MOC reflex strength has been shown to depend on an intact reflex pathway. Lesions involving the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN), but not the other subdivisions, produced long‐term decreases in MOC reflex strength. The degree of cell loss within the dorsal part of the PVCN was a predictor of whether the lesion affected MOC reflex strength. We suggest that multipolar cells within the PVCN have the distribution and response characteristics appropriate to be the MOC reflex interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:345–360, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomic deficits in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Macey Paul M. , Woo Mary A. , Alger Jeffry R. , Keens Thomas G. , Harper Ronald M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCongenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) patients exhibit compromised autonomic regulation, reduced breathing drive during sleep, diminished ventilatory responses to chemoreceptor stimulation, and diminished air hunger perception. The syndrome provides an opportunity to partition neural processes regulating breathing and cardiovascular action. No obvious lesions appear with conventional magnetic resonance imaging; however, T2 relaxometry procedures can detect reduced cell or fiber density or diminished myelination not found with routine evaluation. High‐resolution T1, proton density, and T2‐weighted brain images were collected from 12 patients and 28 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Voxel‐by‐voxel T2 maps were generated from the proton density and T2‐weighted images and evaluated by voxel‐based‐relaxometry procedures. Normalized and smoothed T2 maps were compared between groups using analysis of covariance at each voxel, with age and ventricle size included as covariates. Patients showed damaged or maldeveloped tissue, principally right‐sided, including white matter from the level of the anterior cingulate cortex caudally to the level of the posterior cingulate and laterally to the posterior superior temporal cortex. Portions of the posterior, mid, and anterior cingulate, as well as the internal capsule, putamen, and globus pallidus and basal forebrain extending to the anterior and medial thalamus were affected. Deficits in the cingulum bundle and mid‐hippocampus and ventral prefrontal cortex appeared, as well as the right cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei. Neuroanatomic deficiencies in limbic structures suggest a structural basis for reduced air hunger perception, thermoregulatory and autonomic deficiencies in the syndrome, while cerebellar deficits may also contribute to breathing and cardiovascular dysregulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:361–371, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A three‐dimensional atlas of pituitary gland development in the zebrafish
Authors: Chapman Susan C. , Sawitzke Arleen L. , Campbell Douglas S. , Schoenwolf Gary C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe pituitary gland is unique to Chordates, with significant variation within this group, offering an excellent opportunity to increase insight into phylogenetic relationships within this phylum. The structure of the pituitary in adult Teleosts (class: Osteichthyes) is quite different from that in other chordates and is also variable among members of the class. Therefore, a complete description of the structure and development of the pituitary in members of this class is a critical component to our overall understanding of this gland. An obvious teleost model organism is the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a significant amount of work has been done on the molecular control of pituitary development in this fish. However, very little work has been published on the morphological development of the pituitary in the zebrafish; the present study aims to fill this void. The pituitary develops from cells on the rostrodorsal portion of the head and reaches its final position, ventral to the hypothalamus, as the cephalic flexure occurs and the jaws and mouth form. The pituitary placode is juxtaposed to cells that will form the olfactory vesicles, the stomodeum, and the hatching gland. The volume of the pituitary is greatest at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). From 24 to 120 hpf, the pituitary decreases in height and width as it undergoes convergent extension, increasing in length with the axis. The adenohypophysis is a morphologically distinct structure by 24 hpf, whereas the neurohypophysis remains indistinct until 72 hpf. The findings of this study correlate well with the available molecular data. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:428–440, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chain formation and glial tube assembly in the shift from neonatal to adult subventricular zone of the rodent forebrain
Authors: Peretto Paolo , Giachino Claudio , Aimar Patrizia , Fasolo Aldo , Bonfanti Luca 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is regarded as an embryonic germinal layer persisting at the end of cerebral cortex neurogenesis and capable of generating neuronal precursors throughout life. The two distinct compartments of the adult rodent forebrain SVZ, astrocytic glial tubes and chains of migrating cells, are not distinguishable in the embryonic and early postnatal counterpart. In this study we analyzed the SVZ of mice and rats around birth and throughout different postnatal stages, describing molecular and morphological changes which lead to the typical structural arrangement of adult SVZ. In both species studied, most changes occurred during the first month of life, the transition being slightly delayed in mice, in spite of their earlier development. Important modifications affected the glial cells, eventually leading to glial tube assembly. These changes involved an overall reorganization of glial processes and their mutual relationships, as well as gliogenesis occurring within the SVZ which gives rise to glial cell subpopulations. The neuroblast cell population remained qualitatively quite homogeneous throughout all the stages investigated, changes being restricted to the relationships among cells and consequent formation of chains at about the third postnatal week. Electron microscopy showed that chain formation is not directly linked to glial tube assembly, generally preceding the occurrence of complete glial ensheathment. Moreover, chain and glial tube formation is asymmetric in the medial/lateral aspect of the SVZ, being inversely related. The attainment of an adult SVZ compartmentalization, on the other hand, seems linked to the pattern of expression of adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:407–427, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional organization and hemispheric comparison of primary auditory cortex in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Philibert Bénédicte , Beitel Ralph E. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Bonham Ben H. , Schreiner Christoph E. , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHemispheric fine‐grain maps of primary auditory cortex (AI) were derived from microelectrode penetrations in the temporal gyrus of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) to 1) compare the functional organization of AI in the marmoset with other mammalian species and 2) compare the right and left AI maps in individual monkeys. Frequency receptive fields (FRFs) were recorded with pure tones. Five FRF parameters were analyzed: characteristic frequency, threshold, sharpness of tuning 10 dB and 40 dB above threshold, and minimum response latency. The present study confirms that the functional organization of AI is characterized by a robust tonotopic frequency gradient overlaid with spatially clustered distributions of other FRF parameters. Globally, this functional organization of AI in the common marmoset is similar to that in other mammalian species. With respect to within‐subject hemispheric comparisons of the five FRF parameters, a coherent pattern of asymmetry is not evident in marmoset AI. The overall results indicate that the basic functional organization between hemispheres is similar but not identical. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:391–406, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.