bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Enhances the Efficacy of Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: A Multicenter Trial
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Hefti Arthur F. , Novak M. John , Michalowicz Bryan S. , Pihlstrom Bruce L. , Schoor Robert , Trummel Clarence L. , Dean John , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Walker Clay B. , Bradshaw Mark H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Previous studies have shown that subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) is of clinical benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to further assess the role of SDD as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of CP.Methods: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicenter clinical study was conducted to test the efficacy of SDD (20 mg doxycycline B.I.D.) in combination with SRP in subjects with moderate to severe CP. Two‐hundred ten subjects were treated with a standardized episode of SRP and randomized to receive either adjunctive SDD or placebo for 9 months. Efficacy parameters included per‐subject mean changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) from baseline, and the total number of sites with attachment gains and probing depth reductions ≥2 mm and ≥3 mm from baseline.Results: In periodontal sites with PD 4 to 6 mm and ≥7 mm (N = 209, intent‐to‐treat population), mean improvements in CAL and PD were greater following SRP with adjunctive SDD than SRP with placebo, achieving statistical significance in all baseline disease categories at month 9 (P <0.05). At month 9, 42.3% of sites in the SDD group demonstrated CAL gain ≥2 mm compared to 32.0% of sites in the placebo group (P <0.01). CAL gain ≥3 mm was seen in 15.4% of sites in the SDD group compared to 10.6% of sites in the placebo group (P <0.05). When considering the same thresholds of change in PD, 42.9% of sites in the SDD group compared to 31.1% of sites in the placebo group demonstrated PD reduction ≥2 mm (P <0.01), and 15.4% of sites in the SDD group compared to 9.1% of sites in the placebo group demonstrated PD reduction ≥3 mm (P <0.01).Conclusion: Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline enhances scaling and root planing. It results in statistically significant attachment gains and probing depth reductions over and above those achieved by scaling and root planing with placebo. J Periodontol 2004;75:1068‐1076.
Possible Periodontal Pathogens Associated With Clinical Symptoms of Periodontal Disease in Japanese High School Students
Authors: Suda Reiko , Kobayashi Makoto , Nanba Rieko , Iwamaru Megumi , Hayashi Yoshinori , Lai Chern‐Hsiung , Hasegawa Kohji 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the components of biofilm and clinical oral status change in adolescents and to identify specific periodontal pathogens as risk markers for the onset of periodontitis.Methods: One hundred seven high school students (72 boys and 35 girls, all 15 years old) were recruited. The mesio‐lingual site of the left lower first molar was selected as the examined site. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), the presence of subgingival calculus, and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were determined by examination with a WHO probe. The prevalence and proportion of seven selected periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes b and c) were determined by indirect immunofluorescent technique, and the prevalence and proportion of spirochetes were determined by their morphology under dark‐field microscopy. The relationship between the periodontal status and the bacterial condition was statistically analyzed.Results: The mean proportion of T. forsythensis was significantly higher in BOP (+) sites compared with BOP (−) sites (3.47% ± 5.35% versus 0.83% ± 1.95%) and in CPI 3 sites compared with CPI 0 sites (3.29% ± 5.28% versus 0.68% ± 1.37%). The mean proportion of C. rectus was significantly increased in BOP (+) compared with BOP (−) (2.01% ± 2.48% versus 0.79% ± 0.91%) and in CPI 3 sites compared with CPI 0 sites (2.04% ± 2.64% versus 0.80% ± 0.79%).Conclusion: The results indicated that T. forsythensis and C. rectus might be able to be used as risk markers for the onset of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2004;75:1084‐1089.
Tetracycline Impregnation Delays Collagen Membrane Degradation In Vivo
Authors: Zohar Ron , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Kebudi Edmon , Artzi Zvi , Tal Haim , Moses Ofer 
Published: February 2005

Background: Guided tissue and bone regeneration using bioabsorbable collagen membranes is a common practice. Collagen promotes progenitor cell adhesion, chemotaxis, homeostasis, and physiologic degradation with low immunogenicity, which makes it an ideal material for barrier preparation. Collagen membranes have to maintain integrity for a proper time, thus ensuring successful cell exclusion. Early collagen membrane degradation is detrimental for the success of regenerative procedures. This in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soaking collagen membranes in different tetracycline hydrochloride (TCN) concentration solutions on its degradation.Methods: Five mm disks of collagen membrane were soaked in either 100 mg/ml TCN (group 100) or 50 mg/ml TCN (group 50); a group of non‐treated disks served as controls. All disks were labeled with aminohexanoyl‐biotin‐N‐hydroxy‐succinimide ester (biotin) and implanted in rat calvaria bone. Block sections were taken after 3 weeks and histological slides stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to detect remnants of biotinylated collagen. Staining intensity was analyzed by image‐analysis software taking quadruplicate measurements of a 500 µm2 area each. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and paired t test with Bonferroni correction.Results: Staining intensity of membranes in group 100 was >5‐fold higher than the control while group 50 exhibited >11‐fold higher intensity than the control and >2.5‐fold higher than the 100. All of these differences were statistically significant (P <0.001).Conclusion: Soaking collagen membranes in 50 mg/ml TCN solution is a useful, practical, and simple tool to slow membrane degradation. J Periodontol 2004;75:1096‐1101.
The Interface Between Retained Roots and Dental Implants: A Histologic Study in Baboons
Authors: Gray Jonathan L. , Vernino Arthur R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study is a derivative of another study evaluating implant efficacy in baboons. In the previous study it was noted that some implants were placed near or into retained root tips. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inadvertent placement of root form implants into or near retained root fragments.Methods: The baboon has severe dilacerations at the apices of the roots, making extraction very difficult; 120 teeth were extracted from 10 baboons. After the sites had healed, root form implants were placed in each of the sites. Sites were either loaded at various time intervals or left unloaded. Block sections were removed and processed for histologic examination.Results: When the specimens were analyzed, it was noted that several implants were placed through retained root fragments, while others were placed through the periodontal ligament of other root fragments. In a few cases, implants were close to, but not in contact with, either the root or the periodontal ligament. These implants functioned as well as the others in the study. Histologically, there was no inflammation at any site. In some sections, the roots were in intimate contact with the implants, while in others, there was a gap between the two. Where the implant was in contact with the periodontal ligament, there was no apparent fibrous encapsulization of the implant. In some areas, it appeared that a calcified material was deposited on the implants. It was not possible to determine whether this material was bone or cementum.Conclusion: Unintentional placement of dental implants into retained root fragments did not result in any inflammation and may have produced cementum or cementum‐like matrix on the titanium surface adjacent to the periodontal ligament of the retained root tip. J Periodontol 2004;75:1102‐1106.
Localization of the NO‐cGMP Signaling Pathway Molecules, NOS III‐Phosphorylation Sites, ERK1/2, and Akt/PKB in Osteoclasts
Authors: Korkmaz Yüksel , Baumann Michael A. , Schröder Hannsjörg , Behrends Sönke , Addicks Klaus , Raab Wolfgang H. M. , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: February 2005

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) mediates different cellular functions by activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) that converts guanosine‐5'‐ triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanosine‐3', 5'‐monophosphate (cGMP). Membrane‐bound GCs produce cGMP in response to natriuretic peptides in osteoblasts, but neither the NO‐target enzyme sGC, nor the phosphorylation sites of NOS III, nor their regulation by extracellular signalregulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) in osteoclasts have been established.Methods: Rat molars with periodontium were perfusion‐ and postfixed, decalcified, and frozen‐sectioned. Free‐floating sections were stained using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemical techniques and immunoreacted with antisera against NOsynthase (NOS) I‐III, NOS III phoshorylated at Thr495, NOS III phoshorylated at Serine1177 (Ser1177), ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, Akt/PKB, phosphorylated Akt/PKB, sGC (α2/β1), and cGMP.Results: NADPH‐d staining and immunostaining of NOS I‐III, NOS III phosphorylated at Ser1177, ERK1/2, Akt/PKB, phosphorylated Akt/PKB, sGC (α2 and β1‐subunits), and cGMP were detected in osteoclasts. Immunohistochemical reaction products for NOS III phosphorylated at threonine495 (Thr495) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 could not be identified in osteoclasts. Comparison of TRAP activity and immunostaining for sGC β1‐subunit revealed that sGC β1‐subunit is only expressed in a subpopulation of osteoclasts.Conclusions: NO is likely to be generated by NOS I and NOS III in osteoclasts. The inconstant expression of NOS II in some osteoclasts may be explained with inducible expression of NOS II upon physiological cell activation. Localization of the sGC α2‐ and β1‐subunits and cGMP in osteoclasts is compatible with an involvement of NO‐sGC signaling in the homeostasis of osteoclasts. The phosphorylation site of NOS III at Ser1177 and phosphorylated Akt/PKB are involved in regulation of NO production by NOS III in osteoclasts under basal conditions. J Periodontol 2004;75:1119‐1125.
Comparison Between Subtraction Radiography and Conventional Radiographic Interpretation During Long‐Term Evaluation of Periodontal Therapy in Class II Furcation Defects
Authors: Cury Patricia R. , Araujo Ney S. , Bowie Jon , Sallum Enilson A. , Jeffcoat Marjorie K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Limited information comparing digital subtraction radiographic assessment with conventional radiographic interpretation is available from longitudinal clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to detect periodontal bone changes during the long‐term maintenance of Class II furcation defects by conventional radiographic interpretation compared to interpretation of digital subtraction images.Methods: Standardized radiographs of 18 Class II furcation defects in mandibular molars were taken at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after non‐resective periodontal surgery. Conventional radiographic and digital subtraction interpretations were performed masked, respectively, by two and three experienced examiners, according to the following categories: bone gain; bone loss; unchanged appearance; and impossible to visualize. Percent concordance and the kappa statistic value (κ) were computed.Results: Conventional radiographic and digital subtraction interpretation images resulted in 72 decisions for each examiner. The visual interpretation of digital subtraction images by two examiners revealed the same results. The interpretation of conventional radiographic images showed a low concordance between examiners (κ <0.40) at all examinations. The concordance between subtraction radiography and conventional radiographic interpretation was also low for all examiners (κ <0.36) at all examinations. Using subtraction radiography as a reference, bone changed and bone unchanged were diagnosed correctly in 47.2% of cases by examiner A, in 43.1% by examiner B, and in 38.9% by examiner C.Conclusion: It can be concluded that conventional radiographic interpretation is a more subjective and inaccurate method of detecting periodontal bone changes in Class II furcation defects in mandibular molars when compared with subtraction radiography. J Periodontol 2004;75:1145‐1149.
Expanded Mesh Connective Tissue Graft for the Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recessions
Authors: Çetiner Deniz , Bodur Ayşen , Uraz Ahu 
Published: February 2005

Background: The connective tissue graft procedure is an effective method to achieve root coverage. Although multiple sites often need grafting, the palatal mucosa supplies only a limited area of grafting material. The expanded mesh graft provides a method whereby a graft can be stretched to cover a larger area. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and the predictability of expanded mesh connective tissue graft (e‐MCTG) in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions.Methods: Fifty‐two buccal gingival recessions were treated in 10 systemically healthy patients. Fifteen recession treated operation sites with at least three adjacent Miller Class I and/or II recessions were performed. The connective tissue graft obtained from the palatal mucosa was expanded to cover the recipient bed, which was 1.5 times larger than the graft. Clinical measurements recorded at baseline and 12 months postoperatively included gingival recession depth (RD), gingival recession width (RW), percentage root coverage (RC), probing depth (PD), width of keratinized tissue (KT), and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: Twelve months after surgery, a statistically significant gain in CAL (3.2 ± 0.8 mm, P <0.001) and increase in KT (1.2 ± 0.4, P <0.001) were assessed. In 80% of the treated sites, 100% RC was achieved (mean 96%).Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the use of e‐MCTG technique allowed the treatment of multiple adjacent recessions with adequate wound healing and highly predictable root coverage. This procedure can be applied favorably in treating multiple gingival recessions in one surgery. J Periodontol 2004;75: 1167‐1172.
Alendronate May Protect Against Increased Periodontitis‐Related Bone Loss in Estrogen‐Deficient Rats
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , De Assis Daniel Roberto , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of alendronate (ALD) and estrogen (EST) therapies and their withdrawal on bone loss in experimental periodontitis in ovariectomized rats.Methods: Eighty‐seven Wistar rats were divided into six groups: group 1 (N = 15): sham surgery; group 2 (N = 15): ovariectomy (OVX); group 3 (N = 15): OVX plus alendronate administration for 80 days (AT); group 4 (N = 14): OVX plus alendronate administration for 40 days (AW); group 5 (N = 14): OVX plus 17β estradiol administration for 80 days (ET); and group 6 (N = 14): OVX plus 17β estradiol administration for 40 days (EW). Twenty‐one days after ovariectomy or sham surgery, one mandibular molar was randomly assigned to receive a ligature, while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. Sixty days later, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens processed.Results: OVX presented a direct impact on alveolar bone, regardless of plaque accumulation and significantly increased bone loss resulting from periodontitis (P <0.05). The effect of OVX on unligated sites was significantly reduced by AT, AW, and ET (P <0.05), but not by EW (P >0.05). In addition, alendronate administration (AT/AW) significantly reduced the impact of OVX on periodontitisrelated bone loss (P <0.05), while estradiol did not (P >0.05).Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, alendronate administration, but not estrogen replacement, may protect against the impact of estrogen deficiency on alveolar bone presenting a signi‐ ficant residual effect after its withdrawal. J Periodontol 2004;75: 1196‐1202.
TT Virus Infection of Periodontal Tissues: A Controlled Clinical and Laboratory Pilot Study
Authors: Rotundo R. , Maggi F. , Nieri M. , Muzzi L. , Bendinelli M. , Prato G.P. Pini 
Published: February 2005

Background: A novel single‐strand, circular DNA virus has been recently isolated and named TT virus (TTV). It has been demonstrated that peripheral blood cells harbor TTV DNA, suggesting that the virus might replicate in lymphoid cells and contribute to lymphocyte imbalances with consequent immunosuppressive effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TTV DNA in healthy and periodontally compromised subjects, evaluating the presence of the virus in the gingiva and saliva, and comparing virological results with clinical data.Methods: Twenty‐one patients (seven males and 14 females, aged 25 to 76 years) were enrolled in the study. Eleven subjects were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis, while 10 were periodontally healthy. A sample of saliva was taken from each patient before recording the periodontal data; subsequently, a gingival biopsy was performed. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the presence of TTV DNA in saliva and gingival specimens.Results: A statistically significant association was found between TTV in gingival tissue and the presence of periodontitis (P = 0.0351), while no association was observed between TTV in saliva and the presence of periodontitis (P = 0.4762).Conclusions: A new DNA virus (TTV) was first identified in the gingival tissue and was found to be significantly associated with the presence of periodontitis. These findings need to be investigated in further studies. J Periodontol 2004;75:1216‐1220.
Influence of Parameters on Root Surface Roughness Following Treatment With a Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Scaler: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Merkel Ute , Mehl Albert , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: February 2005

Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of different parameters, i.e., lateral force, instrument power setting, and the shape of the working tip, on the roughness of root surfaces following treatment with a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaling device.Methods: The study sample comprised a total of 102 extracted human molars, premolars, canines, and incisors. The samples were randomly divided into 10 equal units of 10 each for treatment with the ultrasonic device at a lateral force of 0.5 N and 2.0 N, low and high instrument power setting, and with a straight and angulated shaped working tip. Twenty samples were treated manually using curets at a lateral force of 0.5 N and 2.0 N. Two samples were left untreated as controls. The mean (Ra) and maximum (Rmax) surface roughness of each sample was recorded. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (three‐way ANOVA) at a level of significance of 5% (P <0.05).Results: The mean surface roughness (±SD) using different parameters ranged from 0.6 ± 0.1 μm to 1.8 ± 0.3 μm. The maximum surface roughness (±SD) was between 4.8 ± 1.3 μm and 17.2 ± 4.3 μm. The mean surface roughness (±SD) for samples treated with curets at a lateral force of 0.5 N was 0.5 ± 0.0 μm and 0.4 ± 0.1 μm at 2.0 N. The maximum surface roughness (±SD) was 3.7 ± 0.8 μm at 0.5 N and 3.9 ± 1.4 μm at 2.0 N.Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that the shape of the working tip and the lateral force significantly influence the mean and maximum surface roughness of root surfaces treated with a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaling device. At any specific parameter, the surface roughness was signifi‐ cantly higher for the ultrasonic scaling device as compared to the hand curet. J Periodontol 2004;75:1221‐1226.
Effect of the Vertical and Horizontal Distances Between Adjacent Implants and Between a Tooth and an Implant on the Incidence of Interproximal Papilla
Authors: Gastaldo Jose Fabio , Cury Patricia Ramos , Sendyk Wilson Roberto 
Published: February 2005

Background: The interproximal dental papilla is considered an essential component of the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla and mandible. The absence of this structure has esthetic and phonetical consequences and lateral food impaction problems occur with the implant‐supported prosthesis. The aims of the present study were to: 1) evaluate the effect of the vertical and horizontal distances between adjacent implants (group 1) and between a tooth and an implant (group 2) on the presence of the interproximal dental papilla; and 2) determine whether the interaction between the vertical and horizontal distances might be associated with the incidence of the papilla.Methods: In 48 patients, 96 interproximal sites in group 1 and 80 in group 2 were examined. The distance from the base of the contact point to the bone crest (D1), the distance between tooth and implant or between two implants (D2), and the distance from the base of the contact point to the tip of the papilla (D3) were measured.Results: In both groups, when D2 was 3, 3.5, or 4 mm, the papilla was present most of the time (P <0.05), and when D2 was 2 or 2.5 mm, the papilla was absent 100% of the time (P <0.05). Further, in group 2, when D1 was between 3 and 5 mm, the papilla was present most of the time (P <0.05). However, in Group 1, only when D1 was 3.0 mm was the papilla present most of the time (P <0.05). For both groups, analysis of the interaction between D1 and D2 showed that when D2 was ≤2.5 mm, the papilla was absent; otherwise, when D2 was ≥3 mm, there was an interaction between D1 and D2.Conclusions: We conclude that the ideal distance from the base of the contact point to the bone crest between adjacent implants is 3 mm and, between a tooth and an implant, 3 mm to 5 mm. The ideal lateral spacing between implants and between tooth and implant is 3 mm to 4 mm. Further, there is an interaction between horizontal and vertical distances when the lateral spacing is greater than 3 mm. J Periodontol 2004;75:1242‐1246.