bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Science Empowers Well and Surface Network Modelling
Authors: Gie A. , Soltani A. , Auffray B. , Duval T. , Languereau T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Production optimization involves subsurface understanding and flow optimization from downhole to surface facilities. It is a continuous process that requires a representative, easy-to-use, automated, repeatable, and updatable Well & Surface Network Modelling (W&SNM) workflow. This paper presents a novel W&SNM process for a giant brown oil field that demonstrates the power of data science utilized by petroleum engineering experts in maximizing production.
Python scripts are used to streamline a sophisticated W&SNM process for a mature North African oil field with over 300 wells and 60 years of production. The process involves preparing static and time-variable resources, including well-test and production databases, well categories and corresponding PROSPER templates, and a GAP network model. A PROSPER file is automatically created per well updating its IPR and VLP curves with the latest data, connecting it to its corresponding node in GAP and calculating its uptime. Wells with no production data are automatically inactivated. The resulting W&SNM is calibrated and optimized for the integrated production system.
The methodology presented produces an integrated model of well and surface networks which can be prepared in significantly less time than what a petroleum engineer would typically require.
Engineers are notified of any deviations from prior conditions via automated updates of the well models. This can indicate changes in the productivity index, reservoir pressure reduction, or a suboptimal artificial lift setup. Through automation scripts, hundreds of wells’ flowing bottomhole pressures can be estimated within minutes, thereby updating the well PI accordingly. The artificial lift design and optimization processes are executed with ease.
Automated well design simplifies development planning by enabling easy investigation of various types of future well completions and artificial lift. The process includes identifying workover candidates and reactivating them as required. By coupling the surface network with the reservoir model, a correct material balance is ensured by using optimized rates and pressures from GAP.
In this regard, hundreds of well models are updated based on reservoir pressures, water-cut, GOR, and productivity indices, and fed into the surface model for further calculations. Python optimization libraries are utilized to readjust the friction coefficient in flow correlations, enabling history-matching of pressure drops on hundreds of surface pipelines in a few minutes.
Well and Surface Network Modeling involves multiple manual and repetitive workflows, which not only consume time but may also be prone to errors. To address this issue, a new script-guided workflow is proposed, which minimizes human intervention in W&SNM. This approach enables engineers to streamline their modelling work and focus on more critical tasks. The process can be effortlessly replicated across various datasets, making it highly appealing for operators with multiple assets.
Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis Applicable to the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: McCarthy Kevin , Pettitt Will , Engels Ole 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis (GPFA) is an exploration process adopted to geothermal, that integrates data of critical risk elements inherent to that specific geothermal play type. The key function of GPFA is to reduce risk and increase focus for improving exploration success rates. GPFA begins at the regional/basin scale, and progressively focuses in on the play scale. It then examines the critical risk element data to highlight which play areas have the highest likelihood of success (prospects).
Countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are taking significant steps to address the need for more energy sustainable solutions by exploring opportunities in geothermal energy. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the largest oil-producing country in the world, has previously has recently focused on its significant geothermal resource potential. Power production in the western region alone, including Ain Al Harrah's 26.99 MWt reservoir potential, is expected to contribute to 9% of KSA's 54 GW renewable energy prospective goal. KSA has recognized the need for an energy transition as outlined in its Vision 2030 plan and intends to fully operate on renewable and low carbon energy forms by 2030. This plan and shift towards sustainable energy solutions throughout the MENA region are driven by variables such as climate change regulations, fossil fuel pricing/availability, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, power potential and cost-effectiveness of geothermal energy, reduction in pollution by geothermal power plants, and increased energy demand.
During this critical initial phase, successful geothermal reservoir exploration, characterization, and development will require a thorough understanding of the critical risk parameters inherent to functional geothermal systems. Of particular importance will be the reduction of uncertainty in the exploration phase. In this presentation, we will review several case studies of GPFA applications and investigate how these workflows may be applied to areas such as KSA and the greater MENA region. We will elaborate how GPFA workflows provide cost effective identification and development of geothermal resources, leading to significant risk reduction, increased investor confidence, and support the full-scale growth of geothermal in the coming energy transition.
A Comprehensive Review into Decarbonization Technologies Available for OSV Sector
Authors: Mukundan Gireesh , Konat Basant , Sivaprasad K , Babu P K Satheesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Offshore support vessels (OSV) and similar vessels utilized in supporting offshore oil & gas activities have an operational profile, which is different to that of seagoing cargo ships. This paper reviews the technologies, and figure out the ones that have real potential in decarbonizing the OSV sector. It aims to assess the feasibility of the various technologies based on studies conducted on ships of various types by the presenter over the past. The techno-commercial viability of each of these technologies are commented upon. Many Energy efficiency technologies that are suitable for ships doing long voyages are non-viable for OSVs. However, the same highly fluctuating load characteristics of the OSVs makes them highly suitable for certain other technologies like Variable frequency drives, alternate marine power and shore side electricity, along with other solutions utilizing Biofuels, hydrogen fuel, methanol based solutions and so on. The presentation is concluded with a survey for selection of the most suitable technology for OSVs based on defined criteria for selection.
Breakthrough Methodology to Unlock Facilities Network Under High Temperature Scenario
Authors: Nengkoda A. , Aslai N. Y. , Almahdi R. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With a scenario of potential increase in operating temperature in late life, facilities network becoming more critical from a stress point of view and expose at some risky area such as metallurgy, internal coating or instrumentations as example. In theory,temperature in a pipeline is affected by the conductive and convective transfer of heat from fluid in radial direction, the accumulation of heat in the surrounding soil, or by the Joule-Thomsoneffect. The objective of this paper is to highlight a breakthrough methodology toassess the scenario of high temperature service, anticipationand their safeguard. The set of data related to facilities, internal pipeline condition, intact instrumentation, coating, corrosion monitoring, ILIsurveys including the presence of solid or water, will be considered as an input into the assessment processes. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)modeling will pinchthe probability of weaknessdue to high temperature stress, damage or topline corrosion. As result, based on simulation, under offshore environment, the high temperature will be exposed mainly at the riser area.HAZOP risk assessment is capable to define the risk associated with high temperature service and itsmitigation and the safe guard.
Lighthouse: Enabling Users to Unlock the Value in their Data by Transforming it from Information to Insights
Authors: Deighton J. 
Published: October 2023

It's 6:40am and my bedside alarm goes off. Time to get up. But before my feet have even hit the floor, I'm on my phone. I run through my morning checklist. What's the weather forecast for today? What meetings do I have first thing? How well did I sleep last night? Did I sleep talk again last night? Oh, wait I have a notification of a package being delivered, back to my diary, will I be in or do I need to request the item be left in a ‘safe place’.
I get up, make a coffee, and get ready for the day ahead informed as to how to dress for the ever-changing Scottish weather, what work meetings I need to mentally prepare myself for on the way to the office and even how much brain capacity I am likely to have based on how well rested I am. All this and it's not even 8am.
I arrive at work and throughout the day I am bombarded with reminders of where I should be, things I have forgotten, things I need to do. Alerts from my dogs GPS tracking device to say he has left the house (i.e., he has been picked up by the dog walker), my washing machine has finished its wash cycle, my robot hoover is stuck on the carpet again, my iWatch reminding me to take a minute to literally just breathe! These are just the notifications I ask for, never mind the constant stream of emails and social media notifications, like a 100 people standing on the other side of a digital wall all fighting for my attention.
Use A Software-As-A-Service Solution to Digitalize Cargo Operations
Authors: Larsen Fredrik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Within cargo operations of offshore oil and gas logistics there are high operational costs, large negative impact for downtime hours and a need for good communication and flexibility, as a range of different parties collaborate in a high-paced environment exposed to many operational risks. This technical paper aims to explore the value of utilizing management software-as-a-service (SaaS) to digitalize cargo operations. The objectives include achieving end-to-end and real-time visibility, minimizing disruption and delays, improving operational efficiencies, and ultimately attaining cost savings. This paper outlines the methods, procedures, and processes involved in implementing a user-friendly, scalable, and secure platform for effective cargo planning and management. It also presents the results, observations, and conclusions derived from the improved cargo planning and management, highlighting key performance indicators (KPIs) and the potential for rental equipment cost savings, reduced operational delays, and interruptions.
The Effects of Marine Fouling in the Shipping Industry
Authors: Hewitt Chris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fouling on the internal pipework of ships is a well know problem and marine growth prevention systems (MGPS) are the current solution. Currently copper dosing system offer the best possible solution for fouling control within a pipework system in the form of copper anodes installed at the sea water intake. Prevention of such fouling will reduce maintenance costs, increase efficiency and prolong a vessels life cycle.
Fouling is not only an issue within a pipework system but also on surfaces such as hulls, propellors and rudders This is a huge problem with industry giants spending millions looking for a suitable solution to meet the shipping industry’s net zero 2050 goals.
Hull fouling is a huge problem and is estimated to account for 9% of the global fleets fuel consumption every year, this equates to roughly 80 million tons of excess CO2 emissions and 16 billion USD in extra fuel costs. A system that can reduce this problem is at the forefront of the shipping industry’s thoughts.
Research has been undertaken to provide a solution to this worldwide biofouling problem. Initial theoretical, lab and land-based tests supporting by independent experts have led to promising results showing that Ultrasound can prevent biofouling forming on a surface. This research has been taken one step further with real world testing, to include box cooler and hull protection., All have been successful. The system consists of a low power consumption control panel and transducers which are bonded to the internal surface of the structure for easy installation and maintenance.
The next step in the development in the Ultrasound system is to scale up the vessel size to measure the protection range of this patented technology which will allow the product to be released to the industry to reduce fuel cost, bring down CO2 emissions and prevent the transfer of invasive species.
Predictive Modeling for Corrosion Rate on Pipeline Corrosion in Seawater
Authors: Mathew Anandh , Kumar Ankit , Velu Vijay 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Marine oil pipelines are critical for the transportation of oil and gas from offshore production facilities to onshore processing plants. However, exposure to seawater, salt, and other environmental factors can cause corrosion in these pipelines, which can lead to costly and dangerous leaks and spills. Therefore, predicting and managing corrosion in marine oil pipelines is essential for ensuring safe and efficient operation. Uniform/general corrosion, pitting corrosion, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) are the most common forms of corrosion found in marine oil pipelines. These corrosion mechanisms can lead to thinning of the pipe walls and the formation of pits, which can significantly weaken the structure of the pipeline. To detect and monitor corrosion in marine oil pipelines, various in-line inspection (ILI) tools are available. Some of the most commonly used ILI tools for marine pipelines include magnetic flux leakage (MFL)[1], ultrasonic thickness measurement (UTM), and eddy current inspection (ECI). However, the existing tools are not efficient because of low accuracy. Therefore, a corrosion rate model was developed for the future rate of corrosion in marine oil pipelines.
The developed model accounts for various factors such as line diameter, line temperature, line pressure, CO2 concentration, H2S concentration, Volatile fatty acid concentration, Bacteria count(SRBs), Material of construction, service life, bicarbonate ion concentration, chloride ion concentration, sulphate ion concentration, pH, clamp/repair history and details, oil, water and gas flow rate, flow velocity and regime, Inhibitor/biocide frequency, Oil characteristics and Kinetics of reaction to estimate the expected corrosion rate over a given time period [2]. Also the developed model combines the both linear corrosion growth rate, and non-linear corrosion growth rate. The model was trained on historical data of corrosion rates for different conditions and validated on new data to ensure accuracy. Additionally, the model could be updated in real-time with sensor data from the pipeline, allowing for continuous monitoring and prediction of corrosion rates. This could help operators proactively manage and maintain the pipeline to prevent corrosion-related failures and minimize downtime. A validation study was conducted on the developed model using a dataset of real-world pipeline corrosion data. The model was trained on a subset of the data and tested on a separate subset. The results showed a high level of accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 96%. This level of accuracy suggests that the model is reliable and can be used to inform pipeline integrity management and planning with a high degree of confidence.
Solution of Suspending Submarine Pipeline with Bionic Protective Technology
Authors: Shuang LIANG , Wencheng MIAO , Shengli CHU , Jiawei Zhang , Fangwei LUO 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper intends to propose an immediate and also permanet solution to suspending submarine pipelines, which is a fatal factor of the spilling accident, caused by scouring of current, instability of the seabed, vibration of the riser and others developed by the present authors.
Based on the marine dynamics and marine bionics, the mechanism and effect of scouring is introduced and a new protective technique is explored. As core of technique, composite material front mats are secured to the seabed using anchors and the buoyant fronds reduce the current velocity and sediment transportation to protect the pipeline rely on viscous drag, causing sediment to fall into the fronds to backfill scour pits and to form a permanent reinforced sandbank. Compared with other traditional methods, which seldom prohibit second scouring, the efficiency and feasibility of this technique could be guaranteed.
In order to demonstrate the advancement, a set of model experiments are provided to show the status of deposition with time. Slected three cases with suspending submarine pipelines in an oilfield, different applications in risers with bionic protective technology indicate that this system with the sediment deposition has meaningful influence on elimination and rectification scouring. With the characters of single effort and low input in installation, as well as maintaining, this protective technique with environmental friendly material has benefit to provide a permanent, self-maintaining solution to scouring, improve of the integrity of the suspending seabed pipeline, finally to control the spilling of oil.
Not only in suspended submarine pipelines, has bionic protective technology applied in new project, which has obtained remarkable benefit to combine protection with control. However, limited by the technic on construction and operation, the application in domestic submarine pipelines also need to be updated and optimized.
Digital Analogues to Assess Uncertainty of Layering Methods in Reservoir Modelling
Authors: Kozlowski E. N. , Davies A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Standard reservoir modeling workflows requires the definition of geostatistical parameters, such as variograms or vertical proportion curves, to guide the definition of facies and other properties away from wells. These parameters can be calculated from local data or be defined based on data collected from digital analogs, outcrops or better understood subsurface assets. The well markers and defined layers in the model grid are the backbone of both well analysis for calculating geostatistical properties and posterior population of properties in 3D. We analyze the pitfalls of this methodology and how the proper use of digital analogs can help us reduce bias.
Digital analogs of generic reservoirs were generated using stratigraphic forward simulators. These models, which include temporal relationships of facies distributions in 3D space, can be used to benchmark other approaches to modeling. In our tests, we simulate the deposits of fluvial meandering and progradational margin systems. The layers boundaries from these models represent chronostratigraphic horizons. Extracting synthetic wells from the digital analogs allows the effect of different layering, including proportional and conformable, on the calculation of typical parameters used in reservoir modeling to be quantified.
As expected, layering selection can play an important role in the definition of geostatistical parameters, introducing significant bias in the way 3D reservoir models are built. The density of synthetic well data versus the relative size of the geological features represented in the digital analogs is another major factor in the ability to properly sample and parametrize the model. Even when using different layering approaches, the calculated parameters are different from the ones calculated on the digital analogs, since standard methods of layering do not necessarily consider temporal correlations. This raises the question of whether it is possible to correctly assess subsurface uncertainty by performing the standard layering workflow, even when different layering scenarios are considered. Geologically realistic layering, derived from plausible temporal well correlations are required.
In this study, we applied a new method for assessing uncertainty in reservoir modeling. Incorporating the right digital analogs can be a first step to improve the way well properties are correlated and the rest of the modeling steps that cascade from this.
Extinction of light in the Galactic halo - First observational evidence of the interaction of light and dark matter
Authors: III Charles H. McGruder 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the distribution of quasars on the celestial sphere according to ground-based SDSS and space-based WISE and Gaia observations. All distributions as a function of galactic latitude, b, exhibit a decrease in quasar frequency well outside the dust in and near the galactic plane. We prove that the observed decrease in quasar frequency at high galactic latitudes is not accompanied by reddening, meaning that it can not be caused by dust. The scattering of light by the circumgalactic gas is negligible because the Thomson scattering cross section is very small. We conclude the observed scattering of light must be caused by dark matter in the galactic halo. We determine the mass and charge of dark matter particles. If the dark matter particle is a fermion its mass, mDM and charge eDM = δe, where e is the elementary charge are: mDM = 3.2 × 10−2 eV and δ = 3.856 × 10−5. If however the dark matter particle is spinless then: mDM = 0.511 eV and δ = 2.132 × 10−4. These values for the charge of a dark matter particle are orders of magnitude higher than the upper limit of the neutrino charge according to laboratory experiments. Consequently, dark matter particles are not charged neutrinos. Since dark matter particles are charged, they must emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. However, PDM ∼ δ2, or: PDM ∼ 1.487 × 10−9Pe, where Pe is the power output of a single electron.