bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep, mental health, and access to health care of women truck drivers
Authors: Heaton Karen , Kham-Ai Prasert , Shattell Mona 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The numbers of women in trucking are growing steadily, yet because they represent a minority group, little is known about their health issues. Most studies of truck drivers have focused on the mental and physical health, sleep, and health care access of male truck drivers.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to characterize chronic stress, sleep, and mental health service and overall access to care among women truck drivers.

Methodology:
Twenty-five female truck drivers were a subsample of participants from a larger parent study of truck drivers. After approval from the institutional review board, participants completed a 59-item Qualtrics survey; data were transferred from Qualtrics to SPSS v. 24 for analysis.

Results:
No acute sleepiness or excess daytime sleepiness was observed, but participants only slept 6 hr per night, and all experienced poor sleep quality. Although 28% of participants met or exceeded the threshold score for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), only 8% sought care for feelings of upset or distress. Also, 80% of the women had health insurance, yet there were those who did not seek care because of job-related conflicts.

Conclusion/Implications:
Participants were sleep deprived and experienced poor-quality sleep. Mental health and other health services utilization was low. Implications for practice include consideration of telehealth services to improve health care access and screening and referral as needed to mental health care providers by Department of Transportation medical examiners. Future research should include younger women truck drivers to determine the potential contribution of perimenopause/menopause to some of the health issues experienced by this group of workers.
Identifying patients with difficult-to-treat acute bacterial skin infections
Authors: Montravers Philippe , Soussan Romy , Tanaka Sébastien 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
The early recognition of acute bacterial skin infections (ABSIs) and their swift and adequate care are the major determinants of success. The features that can hamper or delay surgical and medical management can lead to ‘difficult-to-treat’ ABSIs.

Recent findings
Delayed diagnosis and belated management are the key obstacles to be overcome. Clinicians should be careful about underestimating the severity of ABSIs and overlooking comorbidities, especially immunosuppression. Many conditions can lead to delayed source control, including a misdiagnosis, interhospital transfers, delayed re-exploration, or extensive injuries. Difficult therapeutic issues can occur, including rapidly destructive infections from highly pathogenic microorganisms (Group-A-streptococci, Vibrio spp., Clostridium spp. and Staphylococcus aureus) or inadequate antibiotic therapy resulting from multidrug-resistant bacteria. Impaired pharmacokinetic capacities of antibiotic agents should also be considered as a source of clinical failure due to insufficient antimicrobial activity at the site of infection.

Summary
Microbiological samples should be used for guiding antimicrobial therapy. Risk factors for multidrug-resistant bacteria should be considered, including local epidemiology and comorbidities. The optimization of antibiotic therapy should be achieved. Optimized care should be achieved through multidisciplinary management involving professionals with sufficient and appropriate training.
Divalent Manganese Complexes as Potential Replacements for Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Authors: Caravan Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent safety concerns surrounding the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have spurred research into identifying alternatives to GBCAs for use with magnetic resonance imaging. This review summarizes the molecular and pharmaceutical properties of a GBCA replacement and how these may be achieved. Complexes based on high-spin, divalent manganese (Mn2+) have shown promise as general purpose and liver-specific contrast agents. A detailed description of the complex Mn-PyC3A is provided, describing its physicochemical properties, its behavior in different animal models, and how it compares with GBCAs. The review points out that, although there are parallels with GBCAs in how the chemical properties of Mn2+ complexes can predict in vivo behavior, there are also marked differences between Mn2+ complexes and GBCAs.
Development and Initial Performance of the Hospital Mental Health Risk Screen
Authors: Carlson Eve B , Palmieri Patrick A , Barlow M Rose , Macia Kathryn , Bruns Brandon R , Shieh Lisa , Spain David A 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Patients hospitalized after emergency care are at risk for later mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma standards for verification require Level I and II trauma centers to screen patients at high risk for mental health problems. This study aimed to develop and examine the performance of a novel mental health risk screen for hospitalized patients based on samples that reflect the diversity of the US population.

STUDY DESIGN:
We studied patients admitted after emergency care to 3 hospitals that serve ethnically, racially, and socioeconomically diverse populations. We assessed risk factors during hospitalization and mental health symptoms at follow-up. We conducted analyses to identify the most predictive risk factors, selected items to assess each risk, and determined the fewest items needed to predict mental health symptoms at follow-up. Analyses were conducted for the entire sample and within 5 ethnic and racial subgroups.

RESULTS:
Among 1,320 patients, 10 items accurately identified 75% of patients who later had elevated levels of mental health symptoms and 71% of those who did not. Screen performance was good to excellent within each of the ethnic and racial groups studied.

CONCLUSIONs:
The Hospital Mental Health Risk Screen accurately predicted mental health outcomes overall and within ethnic and racial subgroups. If performance is replicated in a new sample, the screen could be used to screen patients hospitalized after emergency care for mental health risk. Routine screening could increase health and mental health equity and foster preventive care research and implementation.
Contentopic mapping in ventral and dorsal association cortex: the topographical organization of manipulable object information
Authors: Almeida J. , Kristensen S. , Tal Z. , Fracasso A. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how object information is neurally organized is fundamental to unravel object recognition1–4. The best-known neural organizational principle of information is topographical mapping of specific dimensions. Such maps have been shown mainly for sensorimotor information within sensorimotor cortices (e.g., retinotopy)5–9. Thus, here we ask whether there are topographic maps – by analogy, contentopic maps – for mid-level object-related dimensions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and population receptive field analysis7to measure tuning of neural populations to selected manipulable object-related dimensions. Here we show maps in dorsal and ventral occipital cortex that code for the score of each object on each target dimension in a linear progression following a particular direction along the cortical surface. Maps for each dimension are distinct, and consistent across individuals. Thus, object information is coded in multiple topographical maps – i.e., contentopic maps. These contentopic maps refer to intermediate level visual and visuomotor representations, and are potentially computed from the grouping of lower-level information through non-linear transformation following gestalt principles4,10. This shows that topography is a widespread and non-incidental strategy for the organization of information in the brain that leads to greatly reduced connectivity-related metabolic costs and fast and efficient readouts of information for stimuli discrimination11,12.
A disengaging property of medial accumbens shell dopamine
Authors: Valyear Milan D. , Eustachon Noémie M-L. , Alymova Irina , Tremblay Bryanna N. , Mitrikeski Nastasia M. , Britt Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle vigorously reinforces self-stimulation behaviour, yet rodents perform operant responses to terminate this stimulation. The accumbens shell emerged as a substrate subserving the reinforcing properties of electrical medial forebrain bundle stimulation, whereas disengaging properties were attributed to incidentally recruited substrates near the electrode. Here, we examine whether there are dissociable reinforcing and disengaging properties of medial accumbens shell dopamine and probe the substrates underlying these properties. Using a temporally delimited self-stimulation procedure, transgenic DAT-Cre mice expressing channelrhodopsin-II in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons were trained to hold-down a lever to engage, and then release the lever to disengage, optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic inputs to the medial accumbens shell through an implanted optic fiber. The cumulative and mean duration of hold-downs show divergent frequency responses identifying dissociable reinforcing and disengaging properties of medial accumbens shell dopamine. At higher stimulation frequencies the cumulative duration of hold-downs grows, whereas the mean duration of hold-downs wanes. Dopamine agonists reduced the cumulative duration of self-stimulation hold-downs, but only a D1 agonist produced this reduction through decreases in the mean duration of hold-downs, which were lengthened with a D2 antagonist. Thus, reinforcing and disengaging properties of electrical medial forebrain stimulation may arise from the downstream activation of dopamine receptors, uncovering a disengaging property of medial accumbens shell dopamine.Significance StatementDopamine is thought to promote behaviour by acting as a reinforcer or error signal. Here, we show that mice vigorously self-stimulate dopamine inputs to the medial accumbens shell but control the duration of duration of these stimulations and prefer them to be brief. This disengaging property of medial accumbens shell dopamine depends on downstream neurotransmission at dopamine type 1 and 2 receptors. Thus, a single dopaminergic substrate, inputs to the medial accumbens shell, reinforces and disengages self-stimulation behaviour, highlighting the complexity and regional specificity of striatal dopamine function.
Dynamics of Brain Lateralization during Chinese Natural Speech Processing under the Influence of Sex Hormones: a 7T fMRI study
Authors: Zhang Ruohan , Geng Shujie , Zheng Xiaoqing , Guo Wanwan , Lo Chun-Yi Zac , Zhang Jiaying , Chang Xiao , Wu Xinran , Zhang Jie , Cao Miao , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThough language is considered unique to humans with left dominant lateralization in the brain, the dynamic nature of the interplay between hemispheres during language processing remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whole-brain functional dynamic lateralization patterns during Chinese language processing and potential sex disparities using functional MRI data of 20 subjects listening to narrative stories in a 7T MRI scanner. Our findings revealed two distinct dynamic lateralization states, with regions of the language system consistently showing the left lateralization but reversed lateralization for other regions. These two states, characterized by higher-level functioning regions exhibiting left- or right-lateralization, corresponded to the processing of rational and emotional contents, respectively. We observed pronounced inclinations towards the former state in males and the latter state in females, especially during the processing of rational contents. Finally, genetic analyses revealed that the sex differences in lateralization states were potentially influenced by sex hormones.
Precision sampling of discrete sites identified during in-vivo functional testing in the mammalian heart
Authors: Vermoortele Dylan , Olianti Camilla , Amoni Matthew , Giardini Francesco , De Buck Stijn , Nagaraju Chandan K. , Willems Rik , Roderick H. Llewellyn , Sipido Karin R. , Sacconi Leonardo , Claus Piet 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTVentricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction (MI) originate from discrete areas within the MI border zone (BZ), identified during functional electrophysiology tests. Accurate sampling of arrhythmogenic sites forex vivostudy remains challenging, yet is critical to identify their tissue, cellular and molecular signature. In this study, we developed, validated, and applied a targeted sampling methodology based on individualized 3D prints of the human-sized pig heart. To this end, 3D anatomical models of the left ventricle were created from magnetic resonance imaging and fused with biplane fluoroscopy. Regions of interest for sampling were annotated on the anatomical models, from which we created a unique 3D printed cast with custom slits identifying the annotated regions for sampling. The methodology was validated by retrieving ablation lesions created at predefined locations on the anatomical model. We applied the methodology to sample arrhythmia-vulnerable regions after MI during adrenergic stimulation. A novel pipeline of imaging was developed to create a 3D high-resolution map of each sample, highlighting the complex interplay of cellular organization, and altered innervation in the BZ.
Mechanistic insights into ligand dissociation from the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Authors: Hasse Timothy , Mantei Esra , Shahoei Rezvan , Pawnikar Shristi , Wang Jinan , Miao Yinglong , Huang Yu-ming M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for infiltrating host cells, rendering it a key candidate for drug development. By interacting with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike initiates the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Linoleate is known to bind the spike glycoprotein, subsequently reducing its interaction with ACE2. However, the detailed kinetics underlying the protein-ligand interaction remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the pathways of ligand dissociation and the conformational changes associated with the spike glycoprotein by using ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD). Our simulations resulted in eight complete ligand dissociation trajectories, unveiling two distinct ligand unbinding pathways. The preference between these two pathways depends on the gate distance between two α-helices in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the position of the N-linked glycan at N343. Our study also highlights the essential contributions of K417, N121 glycan, and N165 glycan in ligand unbinding, which are equally crucial in enhancing spike-ACE2 binding. We suggest that the presence of the ligand influences the motions of these residues and glycans, consequently reducing accessibility for spike-ACE2 binding. These findings enhance our understanding of ligand dissociation from the spike glycoprotein and offer significant implications for drug design strategies in the battle against COVID-19.
Reconstructing oral cavity tumor evolution through brush biopsy
Authors: John Evit R. , Lesluyes Tom , Baker Toby M. , Tarabichi Maxime , Gillenwater Ann , Wang Jennifer R. , Van Loo Peter , Zhao Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOral premalignant lesions (OPLs) with genomic alterations have a heightened risk of evolving into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Currently, genomic data are obtained through invasive tissue biopsy. Brush biopsy has been utilized for diagnosing dysplasia but its effectiveness in reflecting the complete genomic landscape of OPLs remains uncertain. This study investigates the potential of brush biopsy samples in accurately reconstructing the genomic profile of OPLs. We analyzed single nucleotide variants (SNVs), copy number aberrations (CNAs), and subclonal structures in paired tissue and brush biopsy samples from a patient with both OPL and OSCC lesions. The results showed that brush biopsy can effectively reflect about 90% of SNVs and similar CNA profiles as those found in tissue biopsies. It was specific, as normal oral epithelium didn’t share these genomic alterations. Interestingly, brush biopsy revealed shared SNVs and CNAs between the distinct OPL and OSCC lesions, indicating a common ancestral origin. Subclonal reconstruction confirmed this shared ancestry, followed by divergent evolution of the lesions. These findings highlight the potential of brush biopsies in accurately representing the genomic profile of OPL and OSCC, proving useful in understanding tumor evolution.
Auditory associative word learning in adults: the effects of musical experience and stimulus ordering
Authors: Cosper Samuel H. , Männel Claudia , Mueller Jutta L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEvidence for sequential associative word learning in the auditory domain has been identified in infants, but adults have proven to have difficulties in this type of word learning. To investigate the role of auditory expertise and auditory stimuli salience in the association of auditory objects and their labels, we tested in the first experiment auditorily-trained musicians versus athletes as a high-level control group and in the second experiment stimulus ordering, contrasting object-label versus label-object presentation. Learning was evaluated from electrophysiological (EEG) recordings during training and subsequent testing phases, as well as accuracy-judgement responses during test. Results revealed for musicians a late positive component in the EEG during testing, neither N400 nor behavioral effects were found at test, while athletes did not show any effect of learning. Moreover, the object-label-ordering group only exhibited emerging association effects during training, while the label-object-ordering group showed an EEG effect during test as well as above chance accuracy-judgement scores. Thus, our results suggest an advantage of musical expertise and more salient label-object-ordering in auditory associative word learning in adults. Implications with respect to developmental differences in auditory word learning are discussed.
Regions of Inflammation in mouse asthma correspond to regions of heme-free soluble guanylyl cyclase and can be tracked by marked expression of heme-oxygenase-1
Authors: Sumi Mamta , Westcott Rosemary , Stuehr Eric , Ghosh Chaitali , Stuehr Dennis J. , Ghosh Arnab 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAsthma is characterized by airway remodeling and hyperreactivity. Our earlier studies determined that the Nitric Oxide (NO)-soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (sGC)-cGMP pathway plays a significant role in human lung bronchodilation. However this bronchodilation is dysfunctional in asthma due to high NO levels which cause sGC to become heme-free and desensitized to its natural activator, NO. In order to determine how asthma impacts the various lung segments/lobes we mapped the inflammatory regions of lungs to determine whether such regions coincided with molecular signatures of sGC dysfunction. We demonstrate using models of mouse asthma (OVA, CFA/HDM) that the inflammed segments of the mouse asthma lungs can be tracked by upregulated expression of HO1 and these regions in-turn overlap with regions of heme-free sGC as evidenced by a decreased sGC-α1β1 heterodimer and an increased response to heme-independent sGC activator, BAY 60-2770 relative to naïve uninflamed regions. We also find that NO generated from iNOS upregulation in the inflamed segments has a higher impact in developing heme-free sGC as increasing iNOS activity correlates linearly with elevated heme-independent sGC activation. This excess NO works by affecting the epithelial lung hemoglobin (Hb) to become heme-free in asthma thereby causing the Hb to lose its NO scavenging function and exposing the underlying smooth muscle sGC to excess NO, which in-turn becomes heme-free. Recognition of these specific lung segments enhance our understanding of the inflammed lungs in asthma with the ultimate aim to evaluate potential therapies and suggests that regional and not global inflammation impacts lung function in asthma.
Predicting hypersensitivity and comorbid depressive-like behavior in late stages of joint disease using early weight bearing deficit
Authors: Hestehave Sara , Florea Roxana , Fedorec Alexander J.H. , Jevic Maria , Mercy Lucile , Wright Annia , Morgan Oakley B. , Brown Laurence A. , Peirson Stuart N. , Géranton Sandrine M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChronic pain is a hallmark of joint diseases and is often accompanied by negative affective symptoms such as low mood, anxiety and memory dysfunction. Whether these may be the results of the more obvious sensory and functional symptoms of joint pain is poorly understood and this likely contributes to the difficulty in adequately managing this condition. Here, we have used two mouse models to address this lack of knowledge. Using a model of ankle inflammation and a model of knee osteoarthritis, we found that these models of joint pain induced weight bearing deficits of different magnitude but relatively similar mechanical allodynia that lasted at least 3 months. However, the models were accompanied by very different affective outcomes, as only the model of knee osteoarthritis, that led to significant early changes in activity and sleep patterns, was accompanied by an increase in negative affective behaviors, including cognitive impairments and depressive-like behavior. The models also had different molecular profiles at both spinal and hippocampal levels. Importantly, the functional outcomes measured in the early stages of the disease stage strongly correlated with sensory and emotional profiles at 3 months, suggesting that early functional measures may be used as predictors of the long-term symptoms associated with persistent joint pain. In conclusion, the predictive value of early measures of functional impact of joint disease could prove useful in the clinics for adapted therapeutic approaches for the prevention of emotional comorbidities and better pain management for patients with joint pain.