bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) detects large gas seeps in Alaska lakes
Authors: Engram Melanie , Anthony Katey Walter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Reservoirs of 14C-depleted methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, residing beneath permafrost are vulnerable to escape where permafrost thaw creates open-talik conduits. However, little is known about the magnitude and variability of this methane source or its response to climate change. Remote-sensing detection of large gas seeps would be useful for establishing a baseline understanding of sub-permafrost methane seepage, as well as for monitoring these seeps over time. Here we explored synthetic aperture radar’s (SAR) response to large sub-permafrost gas seeps in an interior Alaskan lake. In SAR scenes from 1992 to 2011, we observed high perennial SAR L-band backscatter (σ
0) from a ∼90 m-wide feature in the winter ice of interior Alaska’s North Blair Lake (NBL). Spring and fall optical imagery showed holes in the ice at the same location as the SAR anomaly. Through field work we (1) confirmed gas bubbling at this location from a large pockmark in the lakebed, (2) measured flux at the location of densest bubbles (1713 ± 290 mg CH4 m−2 d−1), and (3) determined the bubbles’ methane mixing ratio (6.6%), radiocarbon age (18 470 ± 50 years BP), and δ13CCH4 values (−44.5 ± 0.1‰), which together may represent a mixture of sources and processes. We performed a first order comparison of SAR σ
0 from the NBL seep and other known sub-permafrost methane seeps with diverse ice/water interface shapes in order to evaluate the variability of SAR signals from a variety of seep types. Results from single-polarized intensity and polarimetric L-band SAR decompositions as well as dual-polarized C-band SAR are presented with the aim to find the optimal SAR imaging parameters to detect large methane seeps in frozen lakes. Our study indicates the potential for SAR remote sensing to be used to detect and monitor large, sub-permafrost gas seeps in Arctic and sub-Arctic lakes.
Effect of damper mass on soil-structure displacement in dynamic response to earthquake vibration with finite element modelling
Authors: Amali S H N S K , Nujid M Md , Zaki M F M , Ghazaly Z M , Bawadi N F , Ahmad M M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Earthquake is a natural disaster that always occur inside the region of pacific ring of fire. Many structures such as high-rise buildings, bridges, dams and many more failed and take severe damage due to the impact of the strong vibration of the earthquake. A pile foundation is a type of deep footing which is suitable for high-rise buildings founded on clay soils where its function to prevent potential failures such as bearing capacity and collapse. In addition, the problem of tall buildings is prone to sway and damaged when earthquake strike and such vibrations cause the dynamic behaviour of structure to change significantly in terms of excessive lateral displacements and accelerations. Thus, the effect of damper mass on soil-structure displacement in dynamic response to earthquake vibration was determined. The effectiveness of vibration absorber to the single pile structured in clay soil was modelled and simulated in finite element program PLAXIS 3D version 20 with and without the presence of the damper where the inputs were taken from the Sumatera and Chi – chi earthquakes. The problem was modelled and simulated by drawing a geometry, assigning the soil and pile materials input, loading and boundary conditions, meshing generated and staged construction for calculations of displacement structure output in response to dynamic due to earthquake vibration. The displacement-time with the effect of mass of the vibration with and without absorber are presented. The results show a good performance of damper on the single pile structured on soft soil with different types of earthquakes.
Oxygen Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye
Authors: Yee P L , Sim L C , Shuit S H , Leong K H , Chin Y H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Photocatalyst such as graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is being studied intensively due to its ability in photocatalysis. g-C3N4 is a metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst with a bandgap of approximately 2.7 eV which contributes to its good visible light harvesting ability. In this work, bulk g-C3N4 was produced via pyrolysis of melamine in a muffle furnace. Functionalized g-C3N4 with improved properties was synthesized via modified Hummers method. The powdered form of functionalized g-C3N4 were characterized using SEM and EDX to identify its physiological properties. The result showed that the introduction of oxygen into g-C3N4 is proven by the increased content of oxygen in the functionalized g-C3N4 upon oxidation using Hummers method. Besides, exfoliation of g-C3N4 to smaller particle size observed from the SEM images. Then, the phototcatalytic performances of the bulk g-C3N4 and functionalized g-C3N4 were evaluated by degrading of Methylene Blue (MB) dyes under LED light irradiation. The result revealed that the bulk g-C3N4 has a higher efficiency in removal of dyes (56.40 % in 150 minutes) than the functionalized g-C3N4 (22.60 % in 150 minutes) which indicates that it has a better photocatalytic degradation ability, which possibly due to the destruction of compound structure under strong acid treatment.
The Capability of Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply
Authors: Tholibon Duratul Ain , Mokhtar Hamizah , Latib Farah Wahida Mohd , Ismail Muhammad Isha , Nujid Masyitah Md , Salam Rudi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This Rainwater Harvesting System (RWH) is considered the Best Management Practice (BMP) which is being implemented in Malaysia. This system is not only intended to slow down the flow of runoff the surface is even used as a free and safe alternative source of water supply. However, it is mentioned that the system is not viable and impractical considering the construction and maintenance costs that had to be borne by the users of the system. However, several studies inside and outside the country show the Return on Capital (ROC) factor for this system only in a short period, i.e., between two and three years. This article aims to identify the capability of the experimental study site of Rabbitland Jengka Pahang, Malaysia in providing the most suitable or potential location to apply the RWH system. Moreover, it predicts the capability of the RWH system as well as the ROC ability of the system. Results indicate that the level of the system’s reliability is high and the ROC for the investment of the system takes only 36 months to recover the cost of the investment. The National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) for Malaysia proved that RWH and groundwater used are in class 3 which is suitable for livestock drinking, and external domestic uses, and needs extensive treatment for drinking purposes.
A Framework of Contractual Protocol for Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Water Treatment Plant Projects
Authors: Ali Mariawati Binti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming a comprehensive collaborative process in the construction industry. Since the introduction of BIM in Malaysia in 2009, the technology adoption rate is slow when compared to other countries of the world. Most of the construction companies in Malaysia have an insight on the BIM concept but are yet to implement it in the management of their construction projects. By the year 2020, the Malaysian government will make BIM mandatory, this makes it important to carry out research on the possible applications of the technology. The aim for this research is to establish a Framework of Contractual Protocol for BIM-Water Treatment Plant projects in Malaysia. This research focuses on four (4) objectives which are: (a)to explore the Contractual Issues on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. (b) to identify the Contractual provision on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. (c) to determine the Requirement Components of Contractual Protocol for on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. (d) to establish a Framework of Contractual Protocol for on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. A qualitative method of enquiry was used for this study in Klang Valley using semi structured interview. The responses received were analyzed by using SPSS. The result of the analysis showed that the contractual issues posed by the adoption of BIM, the contractual provision, the requirement component of contractual protocol and to establish the framework of contractual protocol for BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. The implication of this findings is that to prove the studies on legal and contractual aspect of BIM implementation in water Treatment Plant Projects is increase to meet the demand of the implementations of BIM technology is regarded as the future of construction industry, which makes it very important for the industry.
Risk Management Planning by Risk Register in Building Construction Project
Authors: Rani Hafnidar A. , Syammaun Tamalkhani , Azzahra Fatimah , Ayob Afizah , Amlus Mohammad Harith , Zakirullah  , Aqsha Muhammad Shafly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research addresses the common issue of vulnerabilities emerging during construction projects due to inadequate risk identification and analysis. It aims to mitigate this by creating a comprehensive risk register, documenting potential risk events, their causes, and characteristics. The main goal is to identify prominent risk factors in building construction projects and develop a risk management strategy using this register. The study used purposive sampling and considered 22 indicators, including human resources, cost, materials, equipment, and environmental conditions. Questionnaires were distributed to 50 contractors in the Banda Aceh region. Validity and reliability were confirmed through statistical analysis. The analysis showed that human resources were the most prevalent risk factor. Using a probability impact matrix, five indicators had medium-risk levels, while seventeen indicated low risk. Human resources, materials and equipment, and environmental conditions were identified as dominant risk factors, all at a medium-risk level. The study underscores the importance of addressing human resources risks through a structured risk register, which can significantly improve project management and execution. By systematically assessing and mitigating potential risks, project stakeholders can make informed decisions and enhance project outcomes in terms of timelines, costs, and quality. In conclusion, this research highlights the critical role of risk management in construction projects and emphasizes the value of a comprehensive risk register. Addressing dominant risks proactively can positively impact building construction projects.
Deuterium retention and ammonia production from D-implanted 316 L stainless steel: insights for future fusion reactors
Authors: Aissou T , Ghiorghiu F , Minissale M , Angot T , De Temmerman G , Bisson R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic study that quantifies deuterium (D) retention and ammonia (ND3) production from 316 L stainless steel (SS316L) following the implantation of D ions in conditions similar to the ones expected in the ITER tokamak, i.e. with kinetic energy below 300 eV. Using Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) after deuterium ion implantation at 250 eV/D, we show that deuterium retention increases linearly with the D fluence up to 1021 D+m−2, with a retention probability of 18%. For higher D fluence, deuterium retention increases sub-linearly. Analysis of the TPD spectra evolution with varying storage time in vacuum after D implantation, shows that D retention is influenced by D diffusion into the bulk of SS316L. Subsequent to D ion implantation, we evidence the efficient production of ND3 molecules during TPD, between 400 K and 750 K, from the nitrogen present naturally in SS316L. Up to 21% of the D release during TPD can be found in ND3 molecules, indeed. The fraction of ND3 in the total D release depends both on the D ion fluence and the nitrogen concentration profile in the bulk. At least 7% of the D release is found in the form of ND3 molecules, even at a fluence of 2 × 1021 D+m−2 and for a natural N concentration bulk profile. Both N diffusion and D diffusion into the bulk appear to dictate the kinetics of ND3 production. Our findings of efficient production of ND3 in D-implanted austenitic 316 L stainless steel underline the need for similar studies on reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels that contain similar content of nitrogen and will be used in fusion reactor prototypes.
Effect of liquid surface depression size on discharge characteristics and chemical distribution in the plasma-liquid anode system
Authors: LING 凌 Yun 芸 , DAI 戴 Dong 栋 , CHANG 常 Jiaxin 佳鑫 , WANG 汪 Buang 步昂 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure plasma-liquid interactions exist in a variety of applications, including wastewater treatment, wound sterilization, and disinfection. In practice, the phenomenon of liquid surface depression will inevitably appear. The applied gas will cause a depression on the liquid surface, which will undoubtedly affect the plasma generation and further affect the application performance. However, the effect of liquid surface deformation on the plasma is still unclear. In this work, numerical models are developed to reveal the mechanism of liquid surface depressions affecting plasma discharge characteristics and the consequential distribution of plasma species, and further study the influence of liquid surface depressions of different sizes generated by different helium flow rates on the plasma. Results show that the liquid surface deformation changes the initial spatial electric field, resulting in the rearrangement of electrons on the liquid surface. The charges deposited on the liquid surface further increase the degree of distortion of the electric field. Moreover, the electric field and electron distribution affected by the liquid surface depression significantly influence the generation and distribution of active species, which determines the practical effectiveness of the relevant applications. This work explores the phenomenon of liquid surface depression, which has been neglected in previous related work, and contributes to further understanding of plasma-liquid interactions, providing better theoretical guidance for related applications and technologies.
Wind load analysis and cost assessment of a dual-axis stand-alone photovoltaic structure
Authors: Kamela Gosego , Zeundjua Tjiparuro , Oduetse Matsebe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of wind load on the structural stability of a dual axis tracking system developed at the Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST). Through simulations, the study explored wind speed variations, from 8 m s−1 to 28 m s−1, while simultaneously adjusting the azimuth and elevation angles of the structure. Utilizing computational methods and numerical simulations, the study models wind flow interactions with the dual-axis tracker system. This knowledge can be used to improve the system’s design, ensure safety, and optimize energy production and efficiency. The findings of this study contribute to the field of renewable energy, specifically in the context of solar power generation using dual-axis tracker systems. The results offer valuable insights into the wind load behavior, structural response, and energy consumption, facilitating the development of more robust and efficient tracker designs. Furthermore, the study used the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to investigate the cost effectiveness of the solar system. The aim was to establish how the energy production of the system, the installation, operation, and maintenance costs compare to other systems using the local electricity tariffs.
Electrical spiking activity of proteinoids-ZnO colloids
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Raeisi Kheirabadi Noushin , Chiolerio Alessandro , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We are studying the remarkable electrical properties of Proteinoids-ZnO microspheres with the aim of exploring their potential for a new form of computing. Our research has revealed that these microspheres exhibit behavior similar to neurons, generating electrical spikes that resemble action potentials. Through our investigations, we have studied the underlying mechanism behind this electrical activity and proposed that the spikes arise from oscillations between the degradation and reorganization of proteinoid molecules on the surface of ZnO. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential use of Proteinoids-ZnO colloids in unconventional computing and the development of novel neuromorphic liquid circuits.
Critical state-induced emergence of superior magnetic performances in an iron-based amorphous soft magnetic composite
Authors: Shao Liliang , Bai Rongsheng , Wu Yanxue , Zhou Jing , Tong Xing , Peng Hailong , Liang Tao , Li Zongzhen , Zeng Qiaoshi , Zhang Bo , Ke Haibo , Wang Weihua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) play a pivotal role in the development of high-frequency, miniaturization and complex forming of modern electronics. However, they usually suffer from a trade-off between high magnetization and good magnetic softness (high permeability and low core loss). In this work, utilizing the order modulation strategy, a critical state in a FeSiBCCr amorphous soft magnetic composite (ASMC), consisting of massive crystal-like orders (CLOs, ∼1 nm in size) with the feature of α-Fe, is designed. This critical-state structure endows the amorphous powder with the enhanced ferromagnetic exchange interactions and the optimized magnetic domains with uniform orientation and fewer micro-vortex dots. Superior comprehensive soft magnetic properties at high frequency emerge in the ASMC, such as a high saturation magnetization (M
s) of 170 emu g−1 and effective permeability (μ
e) of 65 combined with a core loss (P
cv) as low as 70 mW cm−3 (0.01 T, 1 MHz). This study provides a new strategy for the development of high-frequency ASMCs, possessing suitable comprehensive soft magnetic performance to match the requirements of the modern magnetic devices used in the third-generation semiconductors and new energy fields.
Comparison of Different Acellular Dermal Matrix in Breast Reconstruction: A Skin-to-Skin Study
Authors: Davison Steven P , Harbour Skylar , Fassihi Eliana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Since the early 2000s, acellular dermal matrix has been a popular adjunct to prepectoral breast reconstruction to enhance outcomes.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the postoperative course of 2 standard acellular dermal matrix products, AlloDerm SELECT Ready To Use and DermACELL.

Methods
A prospective, patient-blind study of patients undergoing bilateral nipple and/or skin-sparing mastectomies with either tissue expander or silicone implant insertion between 2019 and 2022 were selected for this study. The study design used patients as their own controls between 2 products randomly assigned to the left or right breast. Outcomes between the products included average time for drain removal, infection rate, seroma rate, and incorporation rates.

Results
The prospective clinical data of 55 patients (110 breasts) were recorded for 90 days. There were no significant differences between drain removal time, average drain output, or seroma aspiration amount. A higher percentage of seromas was recorded in the breasts with AlloDerm (30.91%) compared with breasts containing DermACELL (14.55%, P &lt; .05), and a statistically significant difference between the incorporation rates of AlloDerm (93.4%) and DermACELL (99.8%, P &lt; .05) was observed.

Conclusions
Irrespective of patient demographic disparities, both products had a 94.55% success rate for reconstruction outcomes. AlloDerm was determined to have a higher incidence of seromas as a postoperative complication and a trend to lower incorporation.

Level of Evidence: 3
ARGprofiler—a pipeline for large-scale analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes and their flanking regions in metagenomic datasets
Authors: Martiny Hannah-Marie , Pyrounakis Nikiforos , Petersen Thomas N , Lukjančenko Oksana , Aarestrup Frank M , Clausen Philip T L C , Munk Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Analyzing metagenomic data can be highly valuable for understanding the function and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is a need for standardized and reproducible workflows to ensure the comparability of studies, as the current options involve various tools and reference databases, each designed with a specific purpose in mind.

Results
In this work, we have created the workflow ARGprofiler to process large amounts of raw sequencing reads for studying the composition, distribution, and function of ARGs. ARGprofiler tackles the challenge of deciding which reference database to use by providing the PanRes database of 14 078 unique ARGs that combines several existing collections into one. Our pipeline is designed to not only produce abundance tables of genes and microbes but also to reconstruct the flanking regions of ARGs with ARGextender. ARGextender is a bioinformatic approach combining KMA and SPAdes to recruit reads for a targeted de novo assembly. While our aim is on ARGs, the pipeline also creates Mash sketches for fast searching and comparisons of sequencing runs.

Availability and implementation
The ARGprofiler pipeline is a Snakemake workflow that supports the reuse of metagenomic sequencing data and is easily installable and maintained at https://github.com/genomicepidemiology/ARGprofiler.
The effect of different dialysate sodium concentrations on ambulatory blood pressure in hemodialysis patients: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Bratsiakou Adamantia , Iatridi Fotini , Theodorakopoulou Marieta , Sarafidis Pantelis , Goumenos Dimitrios S , Papachristou Evangelos , Papasotiriou Marios 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Hypertension is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Existing recommendations suggest reduction of sodium load, but the effect of dialysate sodium on blood pressure (BP) is not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of different dialysate sodium concentrations on 72-h ambulatory BP in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
This prospective study included patients on standard thrice-weekly hemodialysis. All patients initially underwent six sessions with dialysate sodium concentration of 137 meq/L, followed consecutively by another six sessions with dialysate sodium of 139 meq/L and, finally, six sessions with dialysate sodium of 141 meq/L. At the start of the sixth hemodialysis session on each sodium concentration, 72-h ABPM was performed over the long interdialytic interval to evaluate ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) during the overall 72-h, different 24-h, daytime and night-time periods.

Results
Twenty-five patients were included in the final analysis. A significant increase in the mean 72-h SBP was observed with higher dialysate sodium concentrations (124.8 ± 16.6 mmHg with 137 meq/L vs 126.3 ± 17.5 mmHg with 139 meq/L vs 132.3 ± 19.31 mmHg with 141 meq/L, P = 0.002). Similar differences were noted for DBP; 72-h DBP was significantly higher with increasing dialysate sodium concentrations (75.1 ± 11.3 mmHg with 137 meq/L vs 76.3 ± 13.7 mmHg with 139 meq/L vs 79.5 ± 13.9 mmHg with 141 meq/L dialysate sodium, P = 0.01). Ambulatory BP during the different 24-h intervals, daytime and night-time periods was also progressively increasing with increasing dialysate sodium concentration.

Conclusion
This pilot study showed a progressive increase in ambulatory BP with higher dialysate sodium concentrations. These findings support that lower dialysate sodium concentration may help towards better BP control in hemodialysis patients.