bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arginine deiminase and other antiangiogenic agents inhibit unfavorable neuroblastoma growth: Potentiation by irradiation
Authors: Gong Hong , Pöttgen Christoph , Stüben Georg , Havers Werner , Stuschke Martin , Schweigerer Lothar 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn spite of aggressive therapy, children suffering from neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis. Therapeutic failure is most often observed in neuroblastomas with unfavorable features, including amplification/over‐expression of the N‐myc oncogene, rapid growth, effective angiogenesis and/or the tendency to metastasize. Here, we have used cultured human neuroblastoma cells with such features and we have examined whether antiangiogenic agents alone or in combination with tumor irradiation inhibit their angiogenesis and growth in vivo. We report that antiangiogenic agents (arginine deiminase, SU5416 and DC101) inhibit in vivo growth of neuroblastomas with unfavorable properties and that these effects are potentiated by simultaneous irradiation. Combination of either agent with irradiation leads to a reduction in the absolute number of tumor vessels and of perfused tumor vessels. Combination of arginine deiminase or DC101 with irradiation does not increase tumor hypoxia. Our data demonstrate for the first time that arginine deiminase suppresses the growth of unfavorable experimental neuroblastomas and that this effect is potentiated by irradiation. We suggest that antiangiogenesis alone or in combination with established therapeutic regimen may improve the outcome of unfavorable neuroblastomas in a clinical setting. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silibinin sensitizes human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells to cisplatin‐ and carboplatin‐induced growth inhibition and apoptotic death
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Sivanandhan , Agarwal Priyanka , Glode L. Michael , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn several recent studies, we have shown that silibinin inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells (PCA) both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the effect of silibinin in combination with cisplatin and carboplatin on human PCA DU145 cell growth and apoptosis. Cisplatin alone at 2 μg/ml dose produced 48% cell growth inhibition, whereas a combination with 50–100 μM silibinin resulted in 63–80% (p<0.05–0.001) growth inhibition. Similarly, compared to 68% growth inhibition at 20 μg/ml carboplatin, addition of 50–100 μM doses of silibinin caused 80–90% inhibition (p<0.005–0.001). In the studies assessing the effect of these combinations on cell cycle progression, a combination of cisplatin or carboplatin with silibinin resulted in a stronger G2‐M arrest, compared to these agents alone showing a moderate G2‐M and G1 arrests in case of cisplatin and silibinin, and a complete S phase arrest with carboplatin, respectively. A stronger G2‐M arrest by these combinations was accompanied by a substantial decrease in the levels of cdc2, cyclin B1 and cdc25C. Silibinin/platinum compound combinations were also effective in inducing apoptosis where cisplatin and carboplatin when combined with silibinin enhanced apoptosis from 8 to 15% and from 20 to 40%, respectively. Apoptosis induction was further confirmed by PARP and caspases 3, 9 and 7 whose cleaved levels were also enhanced by combination treatment. In addition, there was a significant increase in cytochrome c release in the cytosol following treatment of DU145 cells with these combinations. Together, these results show a substantial increase in the efficacy of platinum compounds on human PCA cells, when combined with silibinin, which provide a rationale for further investigations with these combinations. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imbalances of chemokines, chemokine receptors and cytokines in Hodgkin lymphoma: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma vs. Hodgkin‐like ATLL
Authors: Ohshima Koichi , Karube Kennosuke , Hamasaki Makoto , Suefuji Hiroaki , Tutiya Takeshi , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Suzumiya Junji , Kikuchi Masahiro 
Published: July 2003

AbstractClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by the presence of Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells (H&RS) and a prominent lymphocytic infiltration. We previously reported Hodgkin‐like adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (HL‐like ATLL) (new WHO classification). Various CXC and CC chemokines are expressed on H&RS cells and the relationships between chemokines and the chemokine receptor (R) are thought to be important for selectivity of local immunity of Th1 and Th2 T cells. To clarify the role of T‐cell immunity in classical HL and Hodgkin‐like ATLL, we performed gene expression profiling (chemokine, chemokine R and cytokine DNA chips) in 12 cases {classical HL, 8 cases [mixed cellularity (MC) type, 4; nodular sclerosis (NS) type, 4]; Hodgkin‐like ATLL, 4 cases} and immunohistochemical staining in 29 cases (MC, 10; NS, 10; Hodgkin‐like ATLL, 9). EBV‐infected H&RS cells were detected in 9 of 10 cases of HL MC, 5 of 9 of HL‐like ATLL and 2 of 10 HL NS. T‐cell‐directed chemokine thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC)‐ and/or macrophage‐derived chemokine (MDC)‐positive H&RS cells were detected in all 20 cases of HL MC and HL NS but only in 5 of 9 cases of HL‐like ATLL. Interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 (IP10)‐ and monokine induced by interferon‐γ (MIG)‐positive H&RS cells were detected in all 10 HL MC but only in 5 of 10 cases of HL NS and 2 of 9 cases of HL‐like ATLL. However, 2 of 5 cases of HL‐like ATLL with EBV infection and 2 of 2 HL NS with EBV had IP10/MIG‐positive H&RS cells. The chemokine expressions in H&RS cells seemed to be associated with EBV infection rather than histologic subtypes. In the DNA chip expression analysis, classical HL and HL‐like ATLL had a mixed Th1/Th2‐type profile, and HL MC (EBV‐positive) and HL NS (EBV‐negative) were differentially clustered. However, 2 cases of HL‐like ATLL clustered with HL MS and the other 2 cases of HL‐like ATLL clustered with HL NS. The former HL‐like ATLL had EBV infection in H&RS cells, whereas the latter did not have EBV infection. This finding also suggests that EBV might influence local expression of chemokines rather than HL subtypes. Our results indicate that local immunologic disorder or imbalance appears to influence the formation of H&RS cells and that in HL‐like ATLL, HTLV‐1 infection might not be necessary for H&RS cell formation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use with incidence of non‐hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Cerhan James R. , Anderson Kristin E. , Janney Carol A. , Vachon Celine M. , Witzig Thomas E. , Habermann Thomas M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, seem to have chemopreventive properties against several types of cancer, particularly colon cancer. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease for which NSAIDs are used commonly, have been reported to be at lower risk of colon cancer but at elevated risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), raising the possibility that NSAIDs may be a risk factor for NHL. We evaluated the association of use of NSAIDs, arthritis history, and risk of NHL in a prospective cohort of 27,290 postmenopausal women from the state of Iowa. The frequency of use of aspirin and of other NSAIDs excluding aspirin (e.g., ibuprofen), as well as a physician diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA), were self‐reported on a questionnaire mailed in 1992. The incidence of NHL was ascertained through annual linkages to the Iowa SEER Cancer Registry. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Through 7 years of follow‐up, 131 cases of NHL were identified. Compared to women who did not use either aspirin or other non‐aspirin NSAIDs, women using aspirin exclusively (RR = 1.71; 95% CI = 0.94–3.13), non‐aspirin NSAIDs exclusively (RR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.18–4.83), or both types of drugs (RR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.06–3.68) were at increased risk of NHL. A diagnosis of RA (RR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.09–2.79), but not OA (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.67–1.68), was associated with risk of NHL, but the positive association of use of aspirin and other NSAIDs with NHL was independent of RA history. Multivariate adjustment for other NHL risk factors only attenuated slightly these associations, whereas exclusion of cases occurring during the first 2 years of follow‐up strengthened the associations. These data suggest that use of NSAIDs, either aspirin or other non‐aspirin NSAIDs, are associated positively with risk of NHL, and that this association is independent of RA history. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Destination environment quality and tourists' spatial behaviour in Nigeria: a case study of third world tropical Africa
Authors: Awaritefe Onome Danniel 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn order to ascertain important features of tourist behaviour and destination environments that could form the basis for destination quality improvement in Nigeria, 376 tourists were randomly sampled from seven tourism destinations, using a simple rating scheme in a questionnaire survey. Results obtained showed that activities involving leisure/recreation, cultural appreciation and appreciation of nature, history and cultural artifacts were dominant experiences, values and motivation for destination visit. Results also showed variations in quality of environmental features between tourists in various destinations and between foreign and domestic tourists in their spatial behaviour, values and motivations. The study provides unique implications for tourism planning management and marketing, and a context for cross‐cultural comparison with similar western studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Singapore's image as a tourist destination
Authors: Hui Tak Kee , Wan Tai Wai David 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe present study seeks to examine the image of Singapore as a tourist destination. A sample of 131 tourists was collected at the Singapore Changi International Airport's two departure halls. In addition to answering a short Likert‐scale questionnaire, respondents were asked to describe in their own words the unique aspects of the country. Comparisons of response differences in respect of gender, age groups, educational levels as well as countries of origin were also conducted. Significant perceptual differences were detected with respect to the last three categories. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Waterfall attractions in coastal tourist areas: the Yorkshire coast and Queensland's Gold Coast compared
Authors: Hudson Brian J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA comparative study of tourism development on the Yorkshire coast and Queensland's Gold Coast illustrates the importance of waterfalls as attractions, even in beach orientated tourist areas catering mainly for seaside holidaymakers. A relative decline in the importance of the Yorkshire coast waterfall attractions whereas those of the Gold Coast hinterland continue to play a major role is attributed to differences in quantity and quality of these scenic resources, problems of access and the availability of other, and, for many, superior, waterfall attractions within easy reach. Appropriate levels of development at and access to waterfall sites are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic therapy for human oral squamous cell carcinoma and xenografts using a new photosensitizer, PAD‐S31
Authors: Date Masataka , Sakata Isao , Fukuchi Kazuhide , Ohura Kiyoshi , Azuma Yasutaka , Shinohara Mitsuko , Matsuzaki Koichi , Namiki Yoshihisa , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising cancer treatment that employs a combination of photosensitizer and visible light. We examined the effect of PDT using a new photosensitizer, PAD‐S31, and the 670‐nm diode laser in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).Study Design/Materials and MethodsSAS and HSC‐4 cell lines were used in all the experiments. Cell viability was determined by a modified MTT assay. Two methods were used for the determination of apoptosis in human oral SCC cells: TUNEL assay and detection of fragmented mono‐ and oligo‐nucleosomes by ELISA. Xenografts of human oral SCC cells were generated in KSN S1c nude mice.ResultsIn vitro PDT using PAD‐S31 and the 670‐nm diode laser showed cytotoxicity that was a function of laser energy, drug concentration, and time to the SAS and HSC‐4 cell lines. On the other hand, PAD‐S31 without irradiation had no effect on cell viability. The combinated use of PAD‐S31 and the laser irradiation showed excellent anti‐tumor activity against tumor xenografts without severe side effects. PDT‐mediated cell death occurred predominantly by apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that PAD‐S31 may serve as a potent photosensitizer for PDT. Furthermore, it is expected that this therapy will be clinically useful for the treatment of patients with oral carcinoma. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:57–63, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Necrotic and apoptotic cell death of human malignant melanoma cells following photodynamic therapy using an amphiphilic photosensitizer, ATX‐S10(Na)
Authors: Nagata Satoshi , Obana Akira , Gohto Yuko , Nakajima Susumu 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate the phototoxic effect on and cell death modes of human malignant melanoma cells following photodynamic therapy (PDT) using ATX‐S10(Na), an amphiphilic photosensitizer.Materials and MethodsCultured human malignant melanoma cells were incubated in a medium containing various concentrations of ATX‐S10(Na) and irradiated with a 670 nm wavelength diode laser. Phototoxicity was analyzed by a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay, and cell death modes were investigated by fluorescence microscopy using a Hoechst 33342‐propidium iodide double‐staining method as well as by static gel electrophoresis. The subcellular localization of ATX‐S10(Na) and mitochondrial destabilization following PDT were observed by fluorescence microscopy.ResultsHigher phototoxicity was obtained with higher dye and/or laser doses. Most of the dead cells appeared apoptotic with dye and irradiation doses that induced less than 70% cytotoxicity. In contrast, most of them appeared necrotic with doses that induced 99% cytotoxicity. Cells receiving PDT showed disturbances of mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential, although the primary site of ATX‐S10(Na) accumulation was in lysosomes.ConclusionsATX‐S10(Na) has a phototoxic effect on malignant melanoma cells and, therefore, potential as a photosensitizing agent for PDT designed to kill these cells. Apoptotic pathways may be activated via mitochondrial destabilization following the damage of lysosomes by PDT. Further study, including investigation of therapeutic efficacy in vivo, is warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:64–70, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can patients treat themselves with a small novel light based hair removal system?
Authors: Rohrer Thomas E. , Chatrath Vandana , Yamauchi Paul , Lask Gary 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a small, low energy light based system for hair removal, when used by non‐healthcare professionals (“patients”) for self treatment in home‐like environment following instructions and guidance provided by a physician.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 73 patients between the ages of 19 and 54 years with skin types I through IV were enrolled in the study out of which 67 completed the study. Two treatment sites were chosen from among the arms, axilla, legs, bikini, back, belly, chest or face. The hair on the sites was trimmed and photographed. Each patient performed two self‐treatments, using the hair removal device on their designated body sites, under the Investigator's direction. The first self‐treatment was performed at the Investigator's office by the patient while the second self‐treatment was performed 4 weeks later at a hotel room, simulating the home environment. Follow‐up visits to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the treatments were performed 2 and 12 weeks following the last self‐treatment.ResultsThe mean hair reduction was 33.6%, 4 weeks after the first self‐treatment, 44.3%, 2 weeks following the last self‐treatment, and 32.3%, 12 weeks following the last treatment. All the noted side effects were mild and transient. Transient erythema was noted in 47.5% of the patients. Other transient side effects reported include edema (5%), hyperpigmentation (4.75%), crusting (2.35%), hypopigmentation (1.55%), and blistering (1.4%). All noted side effects were resolved by the 12‐week follow‐up visit.ConclusionsWith adequate training and instruction, patients may administer self‐treatments for hair removal with this small light based unit in a safe and effective manner. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:25–29, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An unusual case of jaundice in secondary diabetes
Authors: Reynolds RM , Laidlaw SR , Campbell IW , Nawroz I 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA 66‐year‐old insulin‐requiring diabetic male with diabetes secondary to pancreatic damage from alcohol abuse, with well‐established alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, developed obstructive jaundice from gall stones and later from a biliary stricture associated with gram‐negative septicaemia. Death occurred from a haemorrhagic cholecystitis with ruptured gall bladder. At autopsy, a surprise finding was a non‐functioning pancreatic islet cell tumour invading the ampulla of Vater. Cholestasis in this case was due to multiple factors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adopting more aggressive strategies for the management of renal disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Barnett AH 
Published: July 2003

AbstractDiabetes and hypertension commonly co‐exist and this combination is associated with major morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is extremely common and increasing – it is associated with development of chronic renal failure and greatly increased cardiovascular morbidity. Elevated blood pressure is the principal factor in progression of diabetic nephropathy and tight blood pressure control is vital in delaying progression.There is now good evidence for involvement of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and agents that inhibit this system (traditionally ACE inhibitors) may have beneficial effects on disease progression over and above their effects on systemic blood pressure. For this reason, ACE inhibitors are usually recommended first line although multiple antihypertensive therapies from different drug classes are normally required to reach target.More recently, other agents that block the RAS at the angiotensin II‐receptor site (angiotensin II‐receptor antagonists) have been developed. Three large studies have now been published in type 2 diabetes that demonstrate renal protective effects at both the stage of microalbuminuria (incipient nephropathy) and in patients with more advanced renal disease (overt nephropathy). Given the excellent tolerability profile of these agents and increasing evidence for renal protection, it is reasonable to suggest that angiotensin II‐receptor antagonists can also be considered as suitable first‐line agents in the management of hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients at risk of developing, or with overt, diabetic nephropathy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The old college try: Volunteers in fundraising efforts for small liberal arts colleges
Authors: Abzug Jody , Abzug Rikki 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe preceding chapters examined fundraising volunteers' roles from a large‐scale perspective. This chapter refines the view to a smaller, more localized level by addressing one subset of organizations—the small liberal arts college. College and university fundraising is an area familiar to nearly all professionals in our field, and the use of educational fundraising as an example helps apply previously outlined concepts.
Orchestrating change by empowering volunteer fundraisers: A case study
Authors: Jones Alan , Loguercio Angela , Makar Arthur 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe Everybody Wins! Foundation (EW!) was at a crossroads in 2000. Through a million‐dollar grant, the U.S. Department of Education was funding a nationwide replication of EW!'s successful literacy and mentoring program. As a result, EW!'s founder separated from the original operation to lead the nationwide expansion of Everybody Wins! USA, and an executive director was hired to spearhead the prototype program, now called Everybody Wins! Metro New York.
Molecular modeling studies on CNG channel from bovine retinal rod: A structural model of the cyclic nucleotide‐binding domain
Authors: Punta Marco , Cavalli Andrea , Torre Vincent , Carloni Paolo 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA dimeric model of the cyclic nucleotide‐binding domain of the all‐α homomeric cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel from bovine retinal rod is constructed. The model, based on the structure of the fairly homologous catabolite gene activator protein (Weber and Steitz, J Mol Biol 1987;198:311–326), is obtained by use of comparative modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. Our model provides a structural basis for the experimentally measured difference in activity between cAMP and cGMP, as well as the different solvent accessibilities of GLY597 in the complex with cGMP, with cAMP and in the protein in free state. In addition, it provides support for the rearrangement of the domain C helix on ligand binding and releasing proposed by Matulef et al. (Neuron 1999;24:443–452). Proteins 2003;52:332–338. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel tempering simulations of HP‐36
Authors: Lin Chai‐Yu , Hu Chin‐Kun , Hansmann Ulrich H. E. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe report results from all‐atom Monte Carlo simulations of the 36‐residue villin headpiece subdomain HP‐36. Protein‐solvent interactions are approximated by an implicit solvent model. The parallel tempering is used to overcome the problem of slow convergence in low‐temperature protein simulations. Our results show that this technique allows one to sample native‐like structures of small proteins and points out the need for improved energy functions. Proteins 2003;52:436–445. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting distant homologs using phylogenetic tree‐based HMMs
Authors: Qian Bin , Goldstein Richard A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIt is often desired to identify further homologs of a family of biological sequences from the ever‐growing sequence databases. Profile hidden Markov models excel at capturing the common statistical features of a group of biological sequences. With these common features, we can search the biological database and find new homologous sequences. Most general profile hidden Markov model methods, however, treat the evolutionary relationships between the sequences in a homologous group in an ad‐hoc manner. We hereby introduce a method to incorporate phylogenetic information directly into hidden Markov models, and demonstrate that the resulting model performs better than most of the current multiple sequence‐based methods for finding distant homologs. Proteins 2003;52:446–453. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.