bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the effect of lightly doped Iron in Bi2S3 nanostructures on Physiochemical properties and efficacy in anti-microbial activity
Authors: Darji Vaishnaviben , Desai Prachi , Deshpande M P , Chaki SH , Sathe Vasant , Bhatt Bhupesh S , Dabhi Ravi A , Soni Heni , Sutariya Pinkesh G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, Bi2S3 nanostructures doped with Iron (Fe) at various concentrations i.e., FexBi2-xS3 (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 wt%) were synthesized using the reverse micelle method. EDAX (Energy Dispersive Analysis of x-rays) has shown that the prepared samples are in stoichiometry without any kind of impurities. Rietveld refinement XRD (x-ray diffraction) pattern confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure and showed good crystallinity of all the samples with increase in Fe content. The unit cell volume is found to be varied from 12.34 nm to 19.39 nm. HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy) has shown that the prepared nanostructures are nanorods and nanocylinders with high crystallinity and corroborates with our XRD results. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis indicated that the band gap has increased from 1.550 eV for pure Bi2S3 to 1.592 eV for Fe0.08Bi1.92S3 nanostructures reflecting the blue shift compared to bulk sample. The photoluminescence spectra (PL) recorded with 250 nm excitation wavelength for powder samples has shown that with increase in Iron concentration the intensity of 440 nm peak increases whereas the peaks at 470 nm and 510 nm decreases. The PL spectra is also recorded for nanostructures dispersed in liquid media and has shown that the peaks at 501 nm is observed while rest of the two peaks are quenched. Raman spectra dependent on temperature is obtained for FexBi2-xS3 (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 wt%) samples in pellet form in the range of 80 K to 280 K. All samples have shown B1g and Ag phonon modes with higher intensity. The Gruneisen parameter determined for B1g mode varies from 1.21 to 14.13 whereas for Ag mode it varies from 0.60 to 7.91 with the exception of a negative value of −3.10 for Fe0.06Bi1.94S3 sample. VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) showed the diamagnetic behavior of Bi2S3 and ferromagnetic behaviour of FexBi2-xS3 (x = 0.0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 wt%) samples. The saturation magnetization is found to be reaching to a value of 127.5 emu gm−1 for 0.6 wt% of Fe doping in Bi2S3 and then decreases drastically to 40.34 emu gm−1 for 0.8 wt% Fe doping. The antibacterial efficacy showed that as Fe concentration increases, the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) fluctuates between 60 to 70 μg ml−1 and is found to be maximum for Fe0.08Bi1.92S3 sample. It is also found that Fe0.04Bi1.96S3 nanostructures show the lowest MIC value for Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria in comparison to Bi2S3 nanostructures.
Optical enhancement in perovskite thin films using moth-eye anti-reflection film
Authors: Zahri Zulfa , Rashid Mohd Marzaini Mohd , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells represent an emerging photovoltaic technology. With the latest record efficiencies exceeding 25% coupled with low fabrication cost and tunable transparency, perovskite solar cells demonstrate promising applications as solar windows. For these applications, the perovskite solar cells need to be semi-transparent to allow incident light to pass through the windows while generating electricity. However, semi-transparency compromises light absorption in the solar cells. In this work, optical enhancement in perovskite thin films using moth-eye anti-reflection (AR) film is investigated. Perovskite thin films with different thicknesses are used and the thickness is controlled by varying the spin speeds during the deposition of the perovskite precursor. The optical effects in the perovskite films without and with moth-eye AR film are studied. From the findings, the reflection loss is reduced by maximum of ∼4%, which contributes to a higher light absorption in the perovskite layer, due to the AR effect of the moth-eye structure. These results imply that the moth-eye film can be a promising and facile alternative for developing a highly efficient and semi-transparent perovskite solar cell with a thin absorber layer.
Isotropic exact solutions via Noether symmetries in f(R, T, R

μ
ν

T

μ
ν
) gravity
Authors: Nawazish Iqra , Sharif M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study cosmic evolutionary stages in the background of modified theory admitting non-minimal coupling between Ricci scalar, trace of the energy-momentum tensor, contracted Ricci and energy-momentum tensors. For dust distribution, we consider isotropic, homogeneous and flat cosmic model to determine symmetry generators, conserved integrals and exact solutions using Noether symmetry scheme. We find maximum symmetries for non-minimally interacting Ricci scalar and trace of the energy-momentum tensor but none of them correspond to any standard symmetry. For rest of the models, we obtain scaling symmetry with conserved linear momentum. The graphical analysis of standard cosmological parameters, squared speed of sound, viability conditions suggested by Dolgov-Kawasaki instability and state-finder parameters identify realistic nature of new models compatible with Chaplygin gas model, quintessence and phantom regions. The fractional densities relative to ordinary matter and dark energy are found to be consistent with Planck 2018 observational data. It is concluded that the constructed non-minimally coupled models successfully explore cosmic accelerated expansion.
Quantum games with separated entanglements
Authors: Wang Nengfa , Yang Zhe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose quantum games with continuous-variable strategies and separated entanglements, and analyze the outcomes of quantum games with respect to entanglement levels. We find that the entanglement level of own environment has a positive role in own quantum equilibrium supply quantities, and the properties of quantum equilibrium utilities are determined by the entanglement levels of two environments. Finally, we provide some numerical evidences to explain quantum games with separated entanglements.
Structural, optical, and dielectric properties of hydrothermally synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles, Cu/SnO2, and Fe/SnO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Sedky A , Afify Naser , Hakamy A , Abd-Elnaiem Alaa M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The structural and optical properties, as well as dielectric characteristics at various frequencies (0.1 Hz—20 MHz) and temperatures, T (300–400 K), of hydrothermally synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles, Cu/SnO2, and Fe/SnO2 composites have been investigated. The crystal structure is mostly formed of a tetragonal SnO2 phase, with a second phase of monoclinic CuO or rhombohedral Fe2O3 detected in Cu/SnO2, and Fe/SnO2 composites, respectively. The direct optical band gap, residual dielectric constant, and density of charge carriers are increased, while ac conductivity (σ
ac) and dielectric constant decreased in Cu/SnO2 and Fe/SnO2. The value of σ
ac was decreased while the electric Q-factor was increased by increasing T. SnO2 obeyed the hole-conduction mechanism for 400 ≥ T (K) ≥ 300, while Cu/SnO2 and Fe/SnO2 obeyed the electronic-conduction mechanism for 400 ≥ T (K) > 300. The binding energy is independent of T for SnO2, whereas it increases with rising T for Cu/SnO2 and Fe/SnO2 composites. F-factor and electronic polarizability are improved by a rise of T for SnO2 and Cu/SnO2 meanwhile are decreased for Fe/SnO2. The electrical impedance of the grains and their boundaries as well as equivalent capacitance are increased by increasing T and have higher values for Fe/SnO2 at T > 300 K. The obtained results recommend the synthesized Cu/SnO2 and Fe/SnO2 composites to be used as catalysts for water purification, anodes for lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cell applications amongst others.
A Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensing Method Enhanced by All-metal Metasurface
Authors: Lin Guanzhou , Yang Bingquan , Zhang Chenglong , Zhu Jia , Wang Yang , Li Liye , Xiong Shisong , Zhang Jinwen , Qi Zhimei , Wu Wengang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) composite substrate, composed of an all-metal metasurface and on-surface random distributing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), to enhance the performance of SERS sensing. The metasurface is made up of gold (Au) nanopillars array on aluminum (Al), it can localize the electromagnetic field energy with a resonant absorption peak near the 630 nm wavelength, which contributes to the SERS performance of AgNPs deposited into the structure. The composite substrate can significantly improve the sensing performance, and the SERS Enhancement Factor (EF) reaches 2.81 × 106. The substrate also has good stability and reproducibility. The research is based on the combination of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) and SERS effects, providing a method and idea for improving the sensitivity of SERS detection, and achieving the trace detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and Thiram at 10−10 M, respectively.
Unusual isospectral factorizations of shape invariant Hamiltonians with Scarf II potential
Authors: Acar Yiğit Can , Acevedo Lorena , Kuru Şengül 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we search the factorizations of the shape invariant Hamiltonians with Scarf II potential. We find two classes: one of them is the standard real factorization which leads us to a real hierarchy of potentials and their energy levels; the other one is complex and it leads us naturally to a hierarchy of complex Hamiltonians. We will show some properties of these complex Hamiltonians: they are not parity-time (or PT) symmetric, but their spectrum is real and isospectral to the Scarf II real Hamiltonian hierarchy. The algebras for real and complex shift operators (also called potential algebras) are computed; they consist of su(1, 1) for each of them and the total potential algebra including both hierarchies is the direct sum su(1, 1) ⊕ su(1, 1).
New spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in f(Q)-gravity theory
Authors: Kiroriwal Sweeti , Kumar Jitendra , Maurya S K , Chaudhary Sourav 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we examine the new spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in modified symmetric teleparallel (f(Q)) gravity theory. Using the Morris-Thorne method, we construct traversable wormholes with a physically reasonable energy condition and investigate their stability under small perturbations. We discuss two wormhole geometries under the linear functional form of f(Q) with two distinct shape functions. Our results show that the violations of energy conditions in f(Q) gravity provide a viable framework for the study of wormholes. We analyze the properties of wormholes and their behavior under different conditions such as energy conditions, equilibrium conditions, and volume integral quantifiers to check the stability of wormholes. By using the anisotropy parameter, we observed that model-I is attractive in nature and model-II is attractive and repulsive both varying according to the value of r and constant parameters.
High-throughput design of cultured tissue moulds using a biophysical model: optimising cell alignment
Authors: Hague James P , Andrews Allison E , Dickinson Hugh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The technique presented here identifies tethered mould designs, optimised for growing cultured tissue with very highly-aligned cells. It is based on a microscopic biophysical model for polarised cellular hydrogels. There is an unmet need for tools to assist mould and scaffold designs for the growth of cultured tissues with bespoke cell organisations, that can be used in applications such as regenerative medicine, drug screening and cultured meat. High-throughput biophysical calculations were made for a wide variety of computer-generated moulds, with cell-matrix interactions and tissue-scale forces simulated using a contractile network dipole orientation model. Elongated moulds with central broadening and one of the following tethering strategies are found to lead to highly-aligned cells: (1) tethers placed within the bilateral protrusions resulting from an indentation on the short edge, to guide alignment (2) tethers placed within a single vertex to shrink the available space for misalignment. As such, proof-of-concept has been shown for mould and tethered scaffold design based on a recently developed biophysical model. The approach is applicable to a broad range of cell types that align in tissues and is extensible for 3D scaffolds.
Numerical simulation of coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum generation based on carbon chloride core tapered photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Zhang Hong-Ping , Zhao Bin , Ma Rong-Ze , Li Zhen-Rui , Wang Peng-Fei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We numerically studied coherent mid-infrared (MIR) supercontinuum (SC) generated by filling carbon chloride (CCl4, C2Cl4) into the tapered photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The mechanism involves nonlinear soliton compression, Raman soliton self-frequency shift and dispersive wave generated in a carbon chloride core tapered PCF pumped by a 1.98 μm femtosecond laser. Numerical solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation shows that 1.15–5.5 μm (CCl4-core tapered PCF) and 1.15–5.7 μm (C2Cl4-core tapered PCF) coherent MIR-SC sources can be realized. Our results show that the above liquid-core tapered PCFs are promising nonlinear media for constructing broadband coherent MIR-SC light sources.
Measurement-device-independent quantum secure multiparty summation based on entanglement swapping
Authors: Sun Xiao-Feng , Fan Ling , Cao Cong , Yu Wen-Sheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum secure multiparty summation protocol based on entanglement swapping. The protocol is capable of providing a secure modulo-2 summation method for n parties. Our protocol uses Bell states as the information vehicle and establishes encryption through entanglement swapping, and each party encodes the information orderly to complete the summation process through the simple single-qubit operation. In contrast to previous protocols, there is no pre-shared private key sequence and key storage process in our protocol, which helps to reduce the possibility of information leakage in transmission. Our protocol supports multiple summations by n participants, which improves quantum resource utilization. The protocol can be implemented with linear-optical devices. Furthermore, it can resist multiple attack modes including the intercept-resend attack, entangle-and-measure attack, dishonest third-party attack, and parties’ attack. Most significantly, the protocol enables to eliminate all side-channel attacks against detectors based on the MDI principle. Therefore, the protocol has advantages of high security, high efficiency, and good feasibility.
Economic distortion as an indicator to measure the impact of legal metrology activities
Authors: Filho Bruno Amado Rodrigues , Soratto Alexandre Nixon Raulino , Nunes Léssio Lourenço , Afonso Carlos Otávio de Almeida 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The economic distortion represents the monetary unit involved in measurement deviations in trade. The greater are the deviations of measuring instruments used in the market, the greater are the money under uncertainty in the economy. That market asymmetry can be reduced by legal metrology processes, decreasing losses to both seller and buyers, ensuring trust. The Brazilian National Metrology Institute, Inmetro, in 2021, introduced the economic distortion as one of the indicator to evaluate the performance of legal metrology services. The preliminary results were obtained for the fuel market, showing that the economic distortion in 2019 and 2020, represented R$ 87.3 million for the final demand.
Risk analysis in conformity assessment of positive displacement flowmeter
Authors: Chacon I T , Oliveira J T G S B , Ozanan R O , Costa-Félix R P B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Volume measurement of manufactured liquids and liquid raw materials carried out by road tankers (RT) is usual and has economic relevance, justifying the need to ensure metrological reliability. It requires some actions, including choosing suitable standards. In this scenario and considering the practice for type evaluation of measuring instruments, the article proposes a case study, analyzing performance data from a positive displacement meter, a measurement principle widely used as a standard in RT verifications. Current criteria of legal metrology were used: for the 0.3 accuracy class, the maximum permissible error (MPE) is 0.2%. The meter was tested with three different fluids (with different viscosities), and measurement errors were contrasted with the MPE specification, being considered compliant in all situations. On the other hand, risk analysis tools for conformity assessment were incorporated (JCGM 106) based on the different consumer risks, the formulated decision rule, and the measurement uncertainty. Even though, when including the risk analysis, the flowmeter was considered non-compliant, showing the need for a better basis decision using measurement uncertainty in legal metrology actions.
Correlation between ultrasonic velocity and strength in the early ages of concrete from a metrological approach
Authors: Dourado T C , Santos F S , Santos E W J , Gaiofatto R L , Costa-Felix R P B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The correlation between ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and the quality of concrete parts is a resource that has been explored for decades. However, the significant variability of production of these constructive materials tends to require more robust techniques for better reliability of results. This work adopts a metrological approach in the correlation of the ultrasonic pulse velocity and the respective compressive strength values through destructive tests, evaluated in the first ages (7, 14, 30, and 90 days). For this analysis, three different concrete mixes were moulded into cylindrical shapes, using different proportions of the inputs that make up this material. After undergoing statistical and metrological treatment, the results obtained allowed to identify a similar behaviour of UPV growth with the strengths of the concrete samples, especially when analysing the measurement uncertainty bars. However, it is noteworthy that it is necessary to expand the tests in a more significant number of concrete mixtures. It is expected that the improvement of these tests can help reduce costs and execution times of concrete structures where stripping depends on the strength achieved.
pH measurements hydrous ethanol fuel
Authors: Atilio N C , Fertonani F L , de Oliveira E C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The pH is one of the quality parameters of hydrous ethanol fuel (HEF), being established by Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 10891 and by American standard ASTM D 6423. The present work aims to compare the measurement systems proposed by the standards for measuring pH in hydrous ethanol fuel and compare them with the pH range found from pH indicators, considered as a standard measurement. The results reveal that the pH values obtained by the different systems used are statistically different from each other and different from the range found by the indicators.
Comparison between methods of electric current generation applied to intermediary checking for electrometers calibration
Authors: Machado L , Barbosa R.A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Intermediary Checking of the calibration the electrometers, to ensure that the calibration factor of a given instrument is valid for a longer time, has been developed at LNMRI-IRD since 2019. It works with three of the methods for generating electric current of small values (pA): capacitance, resistance (Ohm) and ionization current (radiation sources). In this article, we will evaluate the performance of electrometers using the ionization current method and we will make a comparison between the results obtained by this method with the results that uses the Ohm method. From this comparison, we could see that the method using radiation sources had a better performance of the electrometers, however, in terms of cost-benefit, the Ohm method better serves the intermediary checking of the calibration the electrometers.
Evaluation of the effects of leakage current in the calibration of standard resistors between two dc resistance bridges and a digital sampling impedance bridge
Authors: da Silva Márcio Cândido , Geronymo Gean Marcos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article discusses calibrations results of standard resistors performed with two commercially available equipment and a digital sampling impedance bridge developed at Inmetro. One of the commercial bridges uses the current comparison method and the other the potentiometric method with a binary voltage divider. Calibration was performed with standard resistors of 10 kΩ and 100 kΩ with significant leakage current. This study showed divergent results between each methodology. A specific methodology was used to estimate the leakage resistance of these resistors. This study contributes to establish criteria for correction and/or inclusion of uncertainty components in resistors calibrated in these methodologies.
Next steps in high-repetition-rate laser development for Thomson scattering
Authors: Den Hartog D.J. , Holly D.J. , Thomas M.A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Design of a next generation high-rep-rate laser system is underway, aiming for a maximum rep rate of 100 kHz for 1 ms. This will be a “pulse-burst” laser, which is a type of heat-capacity laser. Heat-capacity laser operation is characterized by a burst of pulses of limited duration, with burst length ≤100 ms and pulse rep rate ≥1 kHz. Waste heat accumulates in the laser rod during the burst. This heat is deposited evenly throughout the rod volume, with very little heat removed during the burst, such that temperature rises evenly across the rod radius. Thus beam distortion due to thermal gradients is small.
Heat is removed from the rod
after the burst, with typically tens of seconds between bursts. Pulse-burst operation of flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG lasers is a cost-effective route to high-rep-rate capability. Pulse-burst laser systems with “fast burst” rep rates in the range of 10–20 kHz have been built for the Thomson scattering diagnostics on MST, NSTX-U, and LHD. For Thomson scattering diagnostic application, the typical requirements are 1064 nm, 1–2 J/pulse, ≤30 ns FWHM pulse, with a top-hat beam profile. A major requirement for this next generation laser system is flexibility in burst sequence programs, ranging from 1 kHz for 100 ms to 100 kHz for 1 ms, and a variety of scenarios in between so that operation can be tailored to plasma experiment requirements. Flashlamp pumping will be used for this next generation laser because it is inexpensive and flexible. A new switch-regulated flashlamp driver will provide improved flashlamp control at lower cost. Additional design issues such as the optimum flashlamp pumping spectrum and optimum Nd doping will be addressed. The use of commercial off-the-shelf components will be maximized in this laser system so that pulse-burst systems can be developed and built by others for new applications.