bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sub-pixel multiplexing on the display quality of LED display
Authors: Chen Junchang , Zheng Xifeng , Chen Yu , Wang Yang , Liu Fengxia , Huang Deju , Chen Yufeng , Mao Xinyue , Cao Hui , Xing Fanyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretical model is presented for the display process of uniformly-arranged virtual-pixel LED displays with RGBG sub-pixel structure cells. Such displays' modulation transfer function (MTF) is derived theoretically from this model. Experiments were conducted to validate the theoretical model to measure the MTF of virtual-pixel displays and traditional real-pixel displays with a pixel pitch of 0.9 mm. A dual-line spread function measurement method is proposed, which is experimentally shown to be more effective than the conventional single-line LSF measurement method in measuring the MTF of LED displays. The rationality of the theoretical model was analyzed and compared through experiments. Furthermore, a combined subjective and objective evaluation method for the image quality of LED sub-pixel displays is proposed, which analyses the effect of LED sub-pixel multiplexing on the display clarity based on the square root integration method and achieves the subjective goal of quantifying the LED display quality. The research results reveal the theoretical and experimental aspects of virtual-pixel displays and may have practical significance for the design of high-quality LED displays.
Simulations of two-temperature jets in galaxy clusters
Authors: Ohmura T. , Machida M. 
Published: October 2023

Context. Non-radiating protons in the radio lobes play an essential role in shaping the jet morphology, as demonstrated in recent radio and X-ray observations. However, since protons and electrons are not always in energy equilibrium due to weak Coulomb coupling, it is difficult to estimate the energy contribution of protons for the inflation of radio lobes.
Aims. The focus of this study is to examine the effect of the variable model for electron heating by turbulence and shock waves on the thermal energy distribution of electrons and protons.
Methods. We performed two-temperature three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) simulations of sub-relativistic jets in the galaxy cluster, while varying the jet magnetization parameters. Because the energy partition rate between electrons and protons in shock and turbulence is determined by plasma kinetic scale physics, our global simulations include electron instantaneous heating sub-grid models for shock waves and turbulence.
Results. We find that most of the bulk kinetic energy of the jet is converted into the thermal energy of protons through both shocks and turbulence. Thus, protons are energetically dominant. Meanwhile, thermal electrons stored in the lobe evolve toward energy equipartition with magnetic energy through turbulent dissipation. We further estimated the radio power and the mechanical jet power of radio lobes following the same method used for radio and X-ray observations, then we compared these powers with that of the observed radio jets. The two-temperature model quantitatively explains the radiatively inefficient radio cavities, but it cannot reproduce the radiatively efficient cavity, even for strongly magnetized jets. This implies that a significant population of pair-plasma is needed to explain radiatively efficient radio cavities.
Self-consistent modeling of the energetic storm particle event of November 10, 2012
Authors: Afanasiev A. , Vainio R. , Trotta D. , Nyberg S. , Talebpour Sheshvan N. , Hietala H. , Dresing N. 
Published: October 2023

Context. It is thought that solar energetic ions associated with coronal and interplanetary shock waves are accelerated to high energies by the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. For this mechanism to be efficient, intense magnetic turbulence is needed in the vicinity of the shock. The enhanced turbulence upstream of the shock can be produced self-consistently by the accelerated particles themselves via streaming instability. Comparisons of quasi-linear-theory-based particle acceleration models that include this process with observations have not been fully successful so far, which has motivated the development of acceleration models of a different nature.
Aims. Our aim is to test how well our self-consistent quasi-linear SOLar Particle Acceleration in Coronal Shocks (SOLPACS) simulation code, developed earlier to simulate proton acceleration in coronal shocks, models the particle foreshock region.
Methods. We applied SOLPACS to model the energetic storm particle (ESP) event observed by the STEREO A spacecraft on November 10, 2012.
Results. All but one main input parameter of SOLPACS are fixed by the in situ plasma measurements from the spacecraft. By comparing a simulated proton energy spectrum at the shock with the observed one, we were able to fix the last simulation input parameter related to the efficiency of particle injection to the acceleration process. A subsequent comparison of simulated proton time-intensity profiles in a number of energy channels with the observed ones shows a very good correspondence throughout the upstream region.
Conclusions. Our results strongly support the quasi-linear description of the foreshock region.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)
Authors: Rodríguez-Baras M. , Esplugues G. , Fuente A. , Spezzano S. , Caselli P. , Loison J. C. , Roueff E. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Bachiller R. , Martín-Doménech R. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Beitia-Antero L. , Le Gal R. 
Published: October 2023

Context. H2S is predicted to form by hydrogenation of atomic sulphur on grains and is thought to be the main sulphur reservoir in interstellar ice, being therefore a key molecule to understanding sulphur chemistry in the star formation process and to solving the missing sulphur problem in molecular clouds and star-forming regions. The study of the H2S deuterium fraction can be used to constrain its molecule formation pathways.
Aims. The aim of this work is to investigate for the first time the deuteration of H2S in a large sample of starless cores.
Methods. We used observations of the GEMS IRAM 30 m Large Program and complementary IRAM 30 m telescope observations. We considered a sample of 19 starless cores located in the Taurus, Perseus, and Orion molecular clouds, detecting HDS in ten of these starless cores, and D2S in five. The single and double H2S deuterium fractions were analysed with regard to their relation with the cloud physical parameters, comparisons with values obtained for other interstellar sources, and comparisons with deuterium fractions in early-stage star-forming sources of abundant molecules: c-C3H2, H2CS, H2O, H2CO, and CH3OH.
Results. We obtain a range of X(HDS)/X(H2S) ~ 0.025–0.2 in the starless cores with HDS detections. The five starless cores with D2S detections show values of X(D2S)/X(HDS) ~ 0.05–0.3. H2S single deuteration shows an inverse relation with the cloud kinetic temperature, but no trend is found with molecular hydrogen density or visual extinction. H2S deuteration values in starless cores are similar to those observed in Class 0, although this may be a consequence of an observational bias due to the limited spatial resolution. Comparison with c-C3H2, H2CS, H2O, H2CO, and CH3OH in other interstellar sources reveals a general trend of decreasing deuteration with increasing temperature, with lower values for Class I and massive star-forming sources. In starless cores and Class 0 objects, H2CS and H2CO present higher deuteration fractions than c-C3H2, H2S, H2O, and CH3OH. H2O shows single and double deuteration values one order of magnitude lower than those of H2S and CH3OH.
Conclusions. Differences between c-C3H2, H2CS and H2CO deuterium fractions and those of H2S, H2O, and CH3OH are related to deuteration processes produced in gas or solid phases, respectively. We interpret the differences between H2S and CH3OH deuterations and that of H2O as a consequence of differences in the formation routes in the solid phase, which can particularly be explained in terms of the different occurrence of the D-H and H-D substitution reactions in the ice, together with the chemical desorption processes. Further interferometric observations and laboratory experiments are needed to understand the deuteration processes.
Modelling the interaction of Alfvénic fluctuations with coronal mass ejections in the low solar corona
Authors: Sishtla Chaitanya Prasad , Pomoell Jens , Vainio Rami , Kilpua Emilia , Good Simon 
Published: October 2023

Context.Alfvénic fluctuations of various scales are ubiquitous in the corona; their non-linear interactions and eventual turbulent cascade result in an important heating mechanism that accelerates the solar wind. These fluctuations may be processed by large-scale, transient, and coherent heliospheric structures such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this study we investigate the interactions between Alfvénic solar wind fluctuations and CMEs using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations.Aims.We study the transmission of upstream solar wind fluctuations into the CME leading to the formation of CME sheath fluctuations. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the fluctuation frequencies on the extent of the CME sheath.Methods.We used an ideal MHD model with an adiabatic equation of state. An Alfvén pump wave is injected into the quiet solar wind by perturbing the transverse magnetic field and velocity components, and a CME is injected by inserting a flux-rope modelled as a magnetic island into the quasi-steady solar wind.Results.The upstream Alfvén waves experience a decrease in wavelength and change in the wave vector direction due to the non-radial topology of the CME shock front. The CME sheath inhibits the transmission of long-wavelength fluctuations due to the presence of non-radial flows in this region. The frequency of the solar wind fluctuations also affects the steepening of MHD fast waves causing the CME shock propagation speed to vary with the solar wind fluctuation frequencies.
Evidence for liquid-liquid phase separation during the early stages of Mg-struvite formation
Authors: Karafiludis Stephanos , Scoppola Ernesto , Wolf Stephan E. , Kochovski Zdravko , Matzdorff David , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. , Hövelmann Jörn , Emmerling Franziska , Stawski Tomasz M. 
Published: October 2023

The precipitation of struvite, a magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) mineral, from wastewater is a promising method for recovering phosphorous. While this process is commonly used in engineered environments, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of struvite crystals remains limited. Specifically, indirect evidence suggests the involvement of an amorphous precursor and the occurrence of multi-step processes in struvite formation, which would indicate non-classical paths of nucleation and crystallization. In this study, we use synchrotron-based in situ x-ray scattering complemented by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to obtain new insights from the earliest stages of struvite formation. The holistic scattering data captured the structure of an entire assembly in a time-resolved manner. The structural features comprise the aqueous medium, the growing struvite crystals, and any potential heterogeneities or complex entities. By analysing the scattering data, we found that the onset of crystallization causes a perturbation in the structure of the surrounding aqueous medium. This perturbation is characterized by the occurrence and evolution of Ornstein-Zernike fluctuations on a scale of about 1 nm, suggesting a non-classical nature of the system. We interpret this phenomenon as a liquid-liquid phase separation, which gives rise to the formation of the amorphous precursor phase preceding actual crystal growth of struvite. Our microscopy results confirm that the formation of Mg-struvite includes a short-lived amorphous phase, lasting &gt;10 s.
The Debye’s model for the dielectric relaxation of liquid water and the role of cross-dipolar correlations. A MD-simulations study
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan 
Published: October 2023

By means of massive (more than 1.2 · 106 molecules) molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K we have disentangled self- and cross-dipolar contributions to the dielectric relaxation of liquid water that cannot be experimentally resolved. We have demonstrated that cross dipolar correlations are of paramount importance. They amount for almost a 60% of the total dielectric amplitude. The corresponding relaxation function is a one-step Debye-like function with a characteristic time, τcross, of the order of the phenomenological Debye time, τD. In contrast, the relaxation function corresponding to the self-contribution is rather complex and contains a fast decay related to dipolar librations and a second relaxation step that can be well described by two exponentials: a low-amplitude fast process (τ0 = 0.31 ps) and a main slow process (τself = 5.4 ps) that fully randomizes the dipolar orientation. In addition to dipolar relaxation functions, we have also calculated scattering-like magnitudes characterizing translation and rotation of water molecules. Although these processes can be considered as “jump” processes in the short time range, at the time scale of about τD–τcross, at which the cross-dipolar correlations decay to zero, the observed behavior cannot be distinguished from that corresponding to uncoupled Brownian translational and rotational diffusion. We propose that this is the reason why the Debye model, which does not consider intermolecular dipolar interactions, seems to work at time t ≳ τD.
The effect of initial electrons generation approaches on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Li Junna , Jiang Ming , Li Shiji , Shi Haoliang , Cui Guangxi , Liu Jian , Qiu Aici 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the effects of initial electrons generation approaches on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics are analyzed. Based on the numerical simulations with a 3D PIC-MCC model, the impacts of field-enhancement factor and initial electron concentration on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics are investigated. Three types of switches are designed and subjected to testing under pulse voltages with rise times of 40, 70, and 120 ns, respectively. The results can be summarized as follows. First, the field-enhancement factor and initial electron concentration have significant influences on the development of the discharge channel. Second, the cathode-grooved self-triggered switch exhibits lower breakdown time delay jitter than the hemispherical self-breakdown switch at low pressure, while the differences in jitter between the two switches become negligible at high pressure. Third, the cathode-grooved self-triggered switch shows a lower breakdown time delay jitter compared to the pre-ionization self-triggered switch for pulse voltages with rise times of 40 and 70 ns. Conversely, this trend reverses for pulse voltage with a rise time of 120 ns. Finally, the breakdown time delay jitter for both the cathode-grooved self-triggered switch and the pre-ionization self-triggered switch has been reduced, and both switches are suitable for different operating requirements and conditions.
Global, glocal or local?
Authors: Li Xiangdong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Local (peripheral) social sciences and humanities journals are underrepresented in major indexes due to
linguistic, ideological, and disciplinary bias. To seek international visibility without sacrificing their local identity, they
are adopting translation-mediated bilingual publishing to construct a new identity. Since bilingual publishing is a new trend,
what identity is being constructed is rarely investigated. This article aims to explore the linguistic, content, and communicated
identity of those journals. Content analysis was used to review the language policies (websites, article abstracts, and full
articles), the composition of editorial teams, pools of contributors, instructions to authors, journal overviews, and website
logos or journal covers of sixty-eight peripheral social sciences and humanities journals. The results indicate that the majority
are attempting to construct a glocal identity, a hybrid identity to maintain their unique status as a local journal and
simultaneously strive for better recognition in the international community. Another finding is that the journals are divided in
terms of communicated identity, causing obstacles to the successful construction of a new identity. This study provides evidence
on the construction of a glocal identity by bilingually published peripheral journals and has implications for the strategic use
of linguistic and non-linguistic resources in identity construction.
Threshold and surface potential-based sensitivity analysis of symmetrical double gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT including capacitance effects for label-free biosensing
Authors: Sriramani P , Mohankumar N , Prasamsha Y , Sarkar Angsuman , Chanda Manash 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical framework, based on the surface potential for a symmetrical double-gate AlGaN/GaN Metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (DG-MOSHEMT) equipped with an embedded nanocavity tailored for biomedical sensing applications. The proposed model operates on the dielectric modulation principle and meticulously scrutinizes the device’s performance using critical sensing metrics such as threshold voltage shift (ΔVth), threshold voltage sensitivity (SVth), surface potential shift (ΔΨs,0), and surface potential sensitivity (SΨs,0). The model demonstrates remarkable sensitivity in detecting minute biomolecule variations, explicitly focusing on streptavidin, uricase, protein, and ChOx as the target biomolecules. Additionally, analytical equations based on surface potential are established to accurately determine gate charges (QG), gate-to-drain capacitance (CGD), and gate-to-source capacitance (CGS). The thorough investigation of biomolecule effects on gate capacitance holds paramount significance as it plays a vital and profound role in dictating device performance. Furthermore, variations in nanocavity length, AlGaN layer thickness, and oxide layer thickness are explored to understand their influence on ΔVth and SVth. The proposed model exhibits a remarkable improvement in both threshold voltage shift and sensitivity compared to the single MOS-HEMT. Notably, it demonstrates substantial enhancements of 2.06, 1.72, 1.49, and 1.5 times for the uricase, streptavidin, protein, and ChOx biomolecules, in terms of threshold voltage shift, and impressive improvements of 10.7%, 14.5%, 18.2%, and 50% for the same biomolecules, respectively, in terms of threshold voltage sensitivity, surpassing the previous findings. Uricase exhibited the most significant shift in surface potential (ΔΨs,0) among the analyzed biomolecules, with a value of 100 mV mm−1 and a sensitivity (SΨs,0) of 0.44. In contrast, ChOx showed a modest (ΔΨs,0) of 24 mV mm−1 with a relative sensitivity (SΨs,0) value of 0.108. Increasing nanocavity length and oxide layer thickness positively contribute to ΔVth and SVth. Moreover, while an increase in AlGaN layer thickness enhances ΔVth performance, its impact on SVth is minimal.
Numerical investigation of multi-designed mufflers in internal combustion engines for noise reduction
Authors: Adibi Tohid , Razavi Seyed Esmail , Hassanpour Hussein , Ahmed Shams Forruque , Shah Nehad Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Some of the most harmful sources of noise pollution to humans are the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and factory equipment such as compressors and turbines. An environment contaminated by these sounds can also cause brain cancer. These noise issues can be addressed by installing expansion chambers in the exhaust path. Although numerous studies have been conducted on mufflers, three-dimensional mufflers with non-coaxial inlet and outlet dimensions have not been emphasized in previous studies. To improve the acoustic attenuation performance of the reactive muffler, the effects of different parameters on transmission loss need to be investigated, which is performed in the present paper. The geometry of the muffler was considered one of the noise control parameters. The muffler was modeled using the Helmholtz equation and simulated in COMSOL for analysis. The results demonstrate that the noise level drops with an increase in length, width, and height. The optimal values for the length, width, and height of the muffler are calculated to be 700, 320, and 170 mm, respectively. In addition, the optimum size of the non-coaxial muffler is found 60 mm. Compared to existing mufflers, the proposed muffler reduces noise by 13% to 34%. These research findings will assist the automotive or other related industries to reduce the noise produced by vehicles and other industrial devices.
Comparing the loss of charge carrier generation with the loss of V
OC at low temperatures in organic bulk-heterojunction blends
Authors: Wilson N M , Aarnio H , Österbacka R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We estimate the temperature dependence of charge carrier generation in P3HT:ICBA and PTB7:PCBM using continuous-wave photoinduced absorption. For P3HT:ICBA, the generation rate increases fivefold from 79 K to ca 250 K, above which it saturates. We compare this to the temperature dependence of open-circuit voltage (V
OC) which at low temperatures shows a decrease with decreasing temperatures, in disagreement with the typically expected linear rise. This voltage loss is too large to be explained by the decrease of generation with decreasing temperature. For PTB7:PCBM the dominant species has a generation rate increasing from 90 to 150 K, after which it decreases. For PTB7:PCBM there is no decrease in V
OC at low temperatures. Our findings support the lack of correlation between the decrease in V
OC and a decrease in generation rate. We conclude that the loss of V
OC does not originate in charge carrier dynamics in the bulk material, but is due to contact effects.
A comparison of wear between unidirectional and reciprocating sliding motions under different applied loads and lubricants
Authors: Liu Guojuan , Li Xia , Li Yuting , Li Yuan , Cao Cheng , Wang Zhaohua , Li Hao , Zhu Minhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Exploring the wear mechanisms of tribo-pairs is essential to reducing friction and wear. Although it has been known that the wear mechanisms between reciprocating sliding motion (RSM) and unidirectional sliding motion (USM) are different, the differences are seldom reported, which causes trouble for many researchers in selecting proper tribo-pairs or wear test methods. Herein, we systematically explore the effect of RSM and USM on the wear mechanism for several typical friction and lubricant materials, such as alloys, liquids, and solid lubricants. It is found that tribo-pairs suffer unstable sliding under RSM, and sliding speed as well as sliding direction change frequently, which makes it difficult to form a transfer layer or tribo-chemical reaction film, leading to high friction and abrasive wear for hard alloys and DLC coating. Additionally, the quasi-static stage under RSM, when lubricated with polyalphaolefin (PAO) 40, does not facilitate elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication, which typically prevents wear. However, stable sliding under USM could lead to adhesive wear, increasing the friction coefficient for soft TC4 alloys. Although wear under RSM is generally higher than that under USM, increasing the applied load could diminish the wear difference for hard metals.