bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytic solutions of a generalized complex multi-dimensional system with fractional order
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Ibrahim Rabha W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Duhamel principle is a mathematical principle that allows us to solve linear partial differential equations. This system is generalized by the concept of the

k

k

-symbol fractional calculus. We demonstrate that in specific functional domains, the suggested system produces a global solution. Convergence toward the stable point is investigated. Some special cases are illustrated including the rotated Koebe function, which is used for creating the optimal solutions, where these functions are convex univalent in the open unit disk.
Some fixed point results with the vector degree of nondensifiability in generalized Banach spaces and application on coupled Caputo fractional delay differential equations
Authors: Laksaci Noura , Hasan Fady , Boudaoui Ahmed , Mustafa Zead , Shatanawi Wasfi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we prove some fixed point results in generalized Banach spaces (

G
B
S

{\mathfrak{G}}{\mathfrak{B}}{\mathfrak{S}}

s) in the sense of Perov using the vector degree of nondensifiability tools. The given result generalizes Darbo’s and Krasnoselskii’s theorems, which are connected with the vector measure of noncompactness. An existence result for coupled Caputo fractional delay differential equations in the

G
B
S

C

(

[

−
τ
,
T

]

,
R

)

×
C

(

[

−
τ
,
T

]

,
R

)

{\mathfrak{G}}{\mathfrak{B}}{\mathfrak{S}}\hspace{0.33em}{\mathcal{C}}\left(\left[-\tau ,T],{\mathbb{R}})\times {\mathcal{C}}\left(\left[-\tau ,T],{\mathbb{R}})

is given to show the significance and the applicability of our theoretical results.
The Major Questions Doctrine: Judicial Power and the Prevalence of Policy Drift in the United States
Authors: Ramanathan Kumar , Snead Warren 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A major challenge of governance in the United States is policy drift, the phenomenon wherein a policy’s outcomes are transformed due to a failure to update its rules or structures to meet changing circumstances. Policy drift has been prevalent in recent decades due to declining legislative productivity, a veto-riddled legislative process, and the rapid pace of technological and environmental change. We argue that the emergence of the “major questions doctrine” in Supreme Court jurisprudence is likely to exacerbate the problem of policy drift. This new doctrine enables courts to declare administrative actions as invalid if they are “novel” or of “economic or political significance” and lack “clear congressional authorization.” This doctrine, which departs from past standards that were more deferential to agencies, exacerbates the likelihood of policy drift by limiting the capacity of agencies to actively adapt policy implementation to changing circumstances. By rendering agency action suspect on the basis of novelty or significance, the doctrine limits action in precisely those policy domains most in need of adaptation. We show the relationship between the doctrine and policy drift through case studies of three policy domains (air pollution, student loan debt, and workplace vaccine mandates). We then examine how the doctrine has already begun to spread through lower courts, where its impact is likely to be felt most strongly. Finally, we discuss the normative and theoretical implications of our analysis, noting how the doctrine further concentrates power in the judiciary and undermines democratic accountability and transparency in the policy process.
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers inhibitors lower blood pressure via ERK5/KLF2-dependent upregulation of the eNOS/NO pathway
Authors: Tang Nannan , Li Jiatong , Wang Zhuo , Zuo Jinlu , Zhang Zifeng , Huang Di , Han Yannan , Chen Yuqing , Sun Yilin , Li Xiang , Mu Ruxue , Ma Qingxue , Zhang Jie , Wu Jiaying , Wang He , Zhao Hongxia , Dong Xingli , Wang Zhiguo , Liu Yu , Zhao Dan , Yang Baofeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO)ylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification playing pivotal roles in the regulation of cancer, diabetes, heart failure, and neurological diseases. However, whether SUMO inhibitors also have anti-hypertension effect remains yet to be explored.

Methods
Blood pressure was monitored in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after Tannic acid (TA) administration for 4 weeks. The contents of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the serum of SHR were measured. Isolated endothelium-intact mesenteric artery rings were used to study relaxation effect of SUMO inhibitors. ERK5 SUMOylation was determined using coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and immunofluorescence (IF). NO levels were analyzed by IF. The expression levels of KLF2 and p-eNOS were semiquantified by Western blot analysis. The transcriptional activity of eNOS promotor was assayed using ChIP-PCR.

Results
Three SUMO inhibitors all reduced the phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction of mesenteric artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Co-IP revealed that ponatinib promoted ERK5 SUMOylation, which was nulled following pretreatment with the SUMO inhibitors. IF displayed that TA increased ERK5 accumulation and its co-localization with SUMO-1 in the nucleus. ChIP-PCR unveiled TA-induced enhancement of KLF2-dependent eNOS promoter activity and upregulation of eNOS/NO expression in HUVECs. In vivo, TA significantly lowered the blood pressure and improved the vascular reactivity by activating the KLF2/eNOS/NO pathway. Additionally, the level of NO was elevated along with decreased ET-1 levels in the serum of SHR.

Conclusions
SUMO inhibitors inhibit ERK5 SUMOylation to promote KLF2-eNOS/NO signaling, indicating their therapeutic potential for the treatment of hypertension.
ISG15 promotes M5-induced hacat cell proliferation through Wnt signaling in psoriasis
Authors: Sun Xianqi , Li Yuzhen , Yu Huiwen , Lin Jiaying , Wang Chen , Liu Quanlin , Bai Bingxue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurrent, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, which tends to occur in cold areas. Its pathogenesis is currently unclear. This study aims to screen differentially expressed genes in the psoriasis dataset, identify the central genes, detect the expression of central genes in psoriasis lesions of patients in the cold regions and then conduct further research.

Methods
Differential genes associated with psoriasis in the GEO database were analyzed, and functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. The expression results of the identified genes were validated in psoriasis cell models. The ISG15 gene, which showed the most significant difference in expression, was further studied. The expression level of ISG15 protein in psoriasis was examined. Then, we knocked out ISG15 in psoriasis cell models and detected keratinocyte proliferation by MTT, Real-Time PCR and Western Blot. Western Blot showed the expression of β-catenin after ISG15 gene knockout.

Results
We detected the protein expression of ISG15 in the cold area of Northeast China, and found that the expression of ISG15 increased in patients with psoriasis, and the proliferation of keratinocytes and the expression of β-catenin decreased in psoriasis cell model after ISG15 was knocked down. ISG15 regulates keratinocyte proliferation through Wnt signaling pathway in psoriasis.

Conclusions

ISG15 expression is increased in psoriatic cells and skin lesions of patients with psoriasis. In psoriasis, ISG15 promotes keratinocyte proliferation through the Wnt signaling pathway.
General design flow for waveguide Bragg gratings
Authors: Brückerhoff-Plückelmann Frank , Buskasper Tim , Römer Julius , Krämer Linus , Malik Bilal , McRae Liam , Kürpick Linus , Palitza Simon , Schuck Carsten , Pernice Wolfram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bragg gratings are crucial components in passive photonic signal processing, with wide-ranging applications including biosensing, pulse compression, photonic computing, and addressing. However, the design of integrated waveguide Bragg gratings (WBGs) for arbitrary wavelengths presents significant challenges, especially when dealing with highly asymmetric layer stacks and large refractive index contrasts. Convenient approximations used for fiber Bragg gratings generally break down in these cases, resulting in nontrivial design challenges. In this work, we introduce a general simulation and design framework for WBGs, which combines coupled mode theory with three-dimensional finite-element method eigenfrequency computations. This approach allows for precise design and optimization of WBGs across a broad range of device layer stacks. The design flow is applicable to further layer stacks across nearly all wavelengths of interest, given that the coupling between the forward and backward propagating mode is dominant.
Photocurrent-induced harmonics in nanostructures
Authors: Babushkin Ihar , Husakou Anton , Shi Liping , Demircan Ayhan , Kovacev Milutin , Morgner Uwe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Photocurrent-induced harmonics appear in gases and solids due to tunnel ionization of electrons in strong fields and subsequent acceleration. In contrast to three-step harmonic emission, no return to the parent ions is necessary. Here we show that the same mechanism produces harmonics in metallic nanostructures in strong fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate how strong local field gradient, appearing as a consequence of the field enhancement, affects photocurrent-induced harmonics. This influence can shed light at the state of electron as it appears in the continuum, in particular, to its initial velocity.
Hyperbolic polariton-coupled emission optical microscopy
Authors: Li Shilong , Liu Zhaowei , Lee Yeon Ui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new type of optical microscopy based on hyperbolic polariton-coupled emission (HPCE) is demonstrated. By employing hyperbolic metamaterials as the substrate, we show a nearly 6-fold increase in fluorescence intensity in the HPCE microscope compared to total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) on glass substrates. Moreover, we achieve precise, time-dependent control of the fluorescence intensity by modulating the incidence angle with a galvo scanner. This tunability offers extensive potential for applications in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and high-sensitivity sensing, enabling real-time fluorescence intensity adjustment.
New Contributions to Iron Gall Ink Inspection Protocols Using Open Source Surface Analysis and Digital Imaging
Authors: Rodríguez-Maciel Ania , Díaz-González Elisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The research addresses the problem of degradation of documents with iron gall inks and the use of Fiji’s ImageJ software to analyse corrosion. This program is considered a valuable tool to complement inspection protocols by allowing quantitative analysis of support losses and halos in inked areas. With the use of the DStretch plug-in effective results are achieved in the recovery of illegible texts, even in very degraded documents. The methodology is applied to sixteenth century documents in the Archivo Histórico Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, obtaining both qualitative and quantitative data on degradation. The results obtained indicate the need for periodic inspections and document restoration actions. The use of this software complements the information in the inspections to make decisions about the affected documents.
Inca human sacrifice and sacred pilgrimages: spatial analysis of sites on the Chachani and Pichu Pichu volcanoes
Authors: Socha Dagmara , Sieczkowska-Jacyna Dominika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The capacocha was one of the most important types of Inca sacrifices. Road stations (tambos) were built for the pilgrims who travelled to mountain peaks with the sacrifices. Spatial analysis of two tambos on the slopes of the Pichu Pichu and Chachani volcanoes in Peru reveals segregation in the sacred landscape.
Unmet Social Needs of Older Adults With Mobility Limitations Following Inpatient Rehabilitation Discharge in Nigeria: A Qualitative Narrative Inquiry Study
Authors: Egbumike Chuwkuenyegom Joesph , Ojembe Blessing , Ezulike Chigozie Juliet , Oyinola Oluwagbemiga , Nwachukwu Ernest , Kalu Michael Ebe 
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose:
Approximately, 30% to 60% of older adults experience functional decline following hospitalization, which has implications for their ability to meet social needs after discharge. Exploring the unmet social needs of older adults following discharge is warranted to rethink the elements of hospital discharge in low-resource countries. This study explored the unmet social needs of older adults with mobility limitations following discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation unit in a state hospital in Northern Nigeria.

Methods:
This narrative qualitative study is based on the social constructivism paradigm guided by the 3-Dimensional Narrative Inquiry Space (3-D NIS) methodology. We purposively selected and conducted telephone interviews with 12 older adults, aged 55 years and older, with mobility limitations and discharged from inpatient rehabilitation units. The 3-D NIS guided the thematic analysis of the data. Two author coders independently conducted a thematic analysis of the transcripts. Reflexivity was maintained throughout the research process.

Results and Discussions:
Two related themes [6 sub-themes] emerged: “limitations in social functioning” [leisure activity, religious engagement, and instrumental activities of daily living modifications]; and “accepting the status quo” [Care/support from relatives, friends, and strangers, regrets and aspirations, and adaptation to psychological needs]. Seven tensions from the participants’ transcripts were embedded in emotions, focused on belief, well-being, and spirituality, COVID-19 pandemic impact, desire to be “normal,” limited finance, non-age-friendly homes and community settings, and undetailed rehabilitation discharge planning.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the substantial unmet social needs of older adults with mobility limitations following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation units in Northern Nigeria, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach to hospital discharge planning. Future research in low-resource countries should delve deeper into developing comprehensive discharge strategies that integrate social workers and rehabilitation professionals to effectively address these multifaceted social needs.
“No Matter the Age or Medical Complexity, People Benefit From That Intensity of Exercise”: A Mixed-Methods Study Describing Rehabilitation Provider Perceptions of High-Intensity Resistance Training Among Veterans Receiving Post-Acute Care
Authors: Beisheim-Ryan Emma H. , Hinrichs-Kinney Lauren A. , Butera Katie A. , Derlein Danielle L. , Pontiff Mattie , Pisegna Janell , Altic Rebecca , Malone Daniel , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
In skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), i-STRONGER is a novel, high-intensity resistance training approach that incorporates progressive resistance training to promote greater improvements in patient function compared to usual care. To inform large-scale expansion of i-STRONGER as standard-of-care in SNFs, this mixed-methods study assessed rehabilitation providers’ perceptions of i-STRONGER and purported needs for its adoption.

Methods:
Forty-three rehabilitation providers participated in an 18-week, interactive i-STRONGER training program. Post-training, the validated Perceived Characteristics of Intervention Scale was used to evaluate i-STRONGER relative advantage, compatibility with practice, complexity, potential for reinvention (ie, adaptability), trialability, and risk. Providers reported the top 3 needs for successful i-STRONGER adoption and described i-STRONGER perceptions in training modules and focus groups. A convergent mixed-methods design was used to evaluate and describe clinician perceptions of i-STRONGER.

Results:
i-STRONGER program conceptually aligned with providers’ practice. The patterns and was endorsed as feasible and adaptable as part of patient care; however, initial hesitancies surrounding patients’ physical abilities and motivation were noted as barriers and appeared to reflect negative age-related beliefs and attitudes within SNF cultures. Providers feared patients would be unwilling or unable to engage with i-STRONGER activities due to their age, deconditioning, medical complexity, or expectation that rehabilitation should feel “easier.” As providers began implementing i-STRONGER in real-time, concerns surrounding i-STRONGER’s potential risks lessened as providers observed improvements in patient function and motivation, and patients were described as “embracing” i-STRONGER principles. Patient acceptance and satisfaction, equipment, time, and clear communication among providers were cited as critical needs for i-STRONGER adoption.

Conclusions:
With i-STRONGER, a safe and effective approach for delivering resistance training to older adults in SNF settings, “seeing is believing.” Real-time implementation of i-STRONGER facilitated an evolution of perspective among providers, fueled by observable, positive changes in patient function and affect as well as unexpected patient participation. Findings support i-STRONGER use in SNF settings, provided that specific training strategies showcase older adults with medical complexity participating in progressive resistance training.
Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Therapy on Pain and Physical Function in Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Comino-Suárez Natalia , Jiménez-Tamurejo Pilar , Gutiérrez-Herrera María Ainoa , Aceituno-Gómez Javier , Serrano-Muñoz Diego , Avendaño-Coy Juan 
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose:
The objective was to examine the adjuvant effect of active pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) versus microwave (MW) therapy, as well as sham PEMF, in addressing pain and improving functionality for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods:
This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Individuals diagnosed with KOA were assigned to an intervention combining an exercise program (EX) with active PEMF, MW, or sham PEMF. The main outcomes were pain, reported on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and functionality, assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire, and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The outcomes were measured preintervention, immediately postintervention, and at 1 and 4 months of follow-up (FU).

Results:
Sixty individuals (n = 83 knees) were evaluated. Significant between-group differences were found in WOMAC stiffness (rmMANOVA (F(2,77) = 4.33, P = .017, partial η2 = 0.10)). A notable interaction effect between group and time was found for the WOMAC pain score (rmMANOVA (F(2, 77) = 3.14, P = .049, partial η2 = 0.07)). After 4 months, the PEMF + EX group demonstrated superior pain relief compared to the sham PEMF + EX (WOMAC pain “mean difference ± standard error between-groups”: −3.2 ± 1.2, P = .028) and MW + EX (VAS pain: −2.1 ± 0.9, P = .042) groups. PEMF + EX perceived less stiffness than did the sham PEMF + EX in both the pre-FU (WOMAC stiffness: −1.6 ± 0.6, P = .047), 1-month FU (−1.7 ± 0.6, P = .015) and 4-month FU (−1.4 ± 0.6, P = .038), with no changes in the MW + EX group. WOMAC function score showed greater improvement in the PEMF + EX group compared to the MW + EX group at 4-month of FU (−9.0 ± 3.6, P = .039). Only PEMF + EX showed a positive effect on the TUG score at 1-month FU (−1.7 ± 0.5, P = <.001) and 4-month of FU (1.9 ± 0.5, P = .020).

Conclusions:
The application of PEMF could be a useful adjuvant treatment to exercise programs to further decrease pain and improve knee stiffness and function in individuals with KOA in the medium term compared to MW and sham PEMF.
The Small-Strain Stiffness Properties of Clay-Gravel Mixture Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Authors: Wang Shuangjiao , Gao Zhiao , Zhang Xianwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, the resonant column tests were utilized to examine the small-strain stiffness and attenuation of clay-gravel mixture (CGM) under various effective consolidation pressures and freeze-thaw cycles, on the basis of investigating the electrical resistivity variation trend of CGM samples undergoing various freeze-thaw cycles. It is shown that the resistivity of CGM tends to stabilize when the freeze-thaw cycles (N) reach 9, and, thus, the samples after 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 cycles were selected for resonance column testing. The results show that, once N &gt; 9, the decay in dynamic shear modulus demonstrates a weakened association with N and the stiffness degradation effect of freezing-thawing would be weakened and inhibited by high effective consolidation stress. Additionally, a mathematical model was constructed to predict the maximum dynamic shear modulus (Gmax) in the basis of freeze-thaw cycles and effective consolidation stress. Microscopic analysis results suggest that the freeze-thaw effect on CGM lies in the development of soil aggregates and porosity variation within the fine-grained soil. Compared to gravel soils and frozen soil, the cementation of matrix soil and the effect of blocky structure are considered as fundamental reasons for the improved small-strain stiffness and reduced vulnerability to freeze-thaw cycles of CGM.
Experimental Study on the Freeze–Thaw Characteristics of Clays with Different Initial Moisture Contents and Thawing Temperatures
Authors: Han Tianyu , Bai Yao , Zhang Jingtao , Sun Peng , Liu Dong , Xu Zhenyu , Wu Haotian , Sun Yanding 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To reveal the effects of the thawing temperature and initial moisture content on the freeze–thaw (F-T) characteristics of clays, F-T tests were performed on clays with three initial moisture contents (25 %, 30 %, and 35 %) at two thawing temperatures (25°C and 70°C). Changes in water content of specimens before and after F-T and the phenomena changes at the top surface of specimens after F-T were analyzed. The relationship between the change of water content and the pot-cover effect and surface cracking were discussed. The results showed that stable temperatures at the freezing of the specimens with initial moisture contents of 30 % and 35 % were 14.7 % and 79 %, respectively, both lower than that of the specimen with initial moisture contents of 25 %. With a thawing temperature of 70°C, the time to reach 0°C of the specimen was reduced by 35.9 % to 40.57 %, and the thaw settlement coefficient was reduced by 2.4 % to 4.75 %. When the temperature changes, the deformation of specimens also change and present certain hysteresis during F-T. The upwards net change occurred after F-T; at that time, the total water content inside the specimen decreased, the water content in the upper part of the specimen decreased, and the water content in the lower part of the specimen increased. At the same time, the pot-cover effect occurred on the top surface of the specimen, and the cracking appeared on the top surface and inside the specimen. More moisture migrated upwards to the top of the specimens and the mass of water in the specimen after F-T was less with a thawing temperature of 70°C. Based on the test results, some suggestions are provided for construction of cross passages with AGF and the forced thawing method.