bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land‐use intensity influences European tetrapod food webs
Authors: Botella Christophe , Gaüzère Pierre , O'Connor Louise , Ohlmann Marc , Renaud Julien , Dou Yue , Graham Catherine H. , Verburg Peter H. , Maiorano Luigi , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLand use intensification favours particular trophic groups which can induce architectural changes in food webs. These changes can impact ecosystem functions, services, stability and resilience. However, the imprint of land management intensity on food‐web architecture has rarely been characterized across large spatial extent and various land uses. We investigated the influence of land management intensity on six facets of food‐web architecture, namely apex and basal species proportions, connectance, omnivory, trophic chain lengths and compartmentalization, for 67,051 European terrestrial vertebrate communities. We also assessed the dependency of this influence of intensification on land use and climate. In addition to more commonly considered climatic factors, the architecture of food webs was notably influenced by land use and management intensity. Intensification tended to strongly lower the proportion of apex predators consistently across contexts. In general, intensification also tended to lower proportions of basal species, favoured mesopredators, decreased food webs compartmentalization whereas it increased their connectance. However, the response of food webs to intensification was different for some contexts. Intensification sharply decreased connectance in Mediterranean and Alpine settlements, and it increased basal tetrapod proportions and compartmentalization in Mediterranean forest and Atlantic croplands. Besides, intensive urbanization especially favoured longer trophic chains and lower omnivory. By favouring mesopredators in most contexts, intensification could undermine basal tetrapods, the cascading effects of which need to be assessed. Our results support the importance of protecting top predators where possible and raise questions about the long‐term stability of food webs in the face of human‐induced pressures.
Herbage and sheep production from simple, diverse, and legume pastures established in an agrivoltaic production system
Authors: Andrew Alyssa C. , Higgins Chad W. , Smallman Mary A. , Prado‐Tarango David E. , Rosati Adolfo , Ghajar Shayan , Graham Maggie , Ates Serkan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgrivoltaic systems combine solar energy and agriculture, promoting dual land use. Although grazing sheep in these systems is common, research on intentionally designed pastures to increase production is lacking. This study seeks to compare the herbage growth and lamb production in simple, diverse, and legume pastures in an agrivoltaic system over 2 years in Oregon. Annual herbage production in diverse pastures (4583 kg DM ha−1) was comparable to simple pastures (4457 kg DM ha−1), but higher than legume pastures (p < .05; 4023 kg DM ha−1) for the 2020/2021 growing season. In the 2021/2022 growing season, diverse pastures had a higher yield (4660 kg DM ha−1, p < .05) than simple pastures (4052 kg DM ha−1), which were similar to legume pastures (3955 kg DM ha−1). Liveweight gain (LWG; g head−1 d−1) tended (p = .06) to be higher from lambs in diverse and legume pastures compared to simple pastures in spring 2021. Liveweight production (LWP; kg ha−1 d−1) of legume pasture were greater (P < 0.05) than other pasture types, while simple pastures had the lowest LWP during this period. In summer 2021, LWG tended to be greater in lambs grazing diverse versus simple pastures. No difference was detected (all p > .05) in LWG or LWP at any grazing period in 2022. Overall, efficiency of pasture production was greatly reduced by lower light availability in all pasture types. Diversification of pastures using forbs in agrivoltaics was a good strategy for greater herbage production, while the legume pastures had poor persistence.
Principle and antimicrobial efficacy of laser‐activated irrigation: A narrative review
Authors: Meire Maarten , De Moor Roeland J. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the last two decades, the activation of root canal irrigants with pulsed lasers as an adjunct in root canal treatment has become increasingly popular. This narrative review explains the physical basics and the working mechanism of laser‐activated irrigation (LAI), explores the parameters influencing LAI efficacy, considers historical evolutions in the field and summarizes laboratory and clinical evidence with emphasis on the antimicrobial action of LAI. Cavitation is the driving force behind LAI, with growing and imploding vapour bubbles around the laser tip causing various secondary phenomena in the irrigant, leading to intense liquid dynamics throughout the underlying root canal. High‐speed imaging research has shown that laser wavelength, pulse energy, pulse length and fibre tip geometry are parameters that influence this cavitation process. Nevertheless, this has not resulted in standardized settings for LAI. Consequently, there is significant variability in studies assessing LAI efficacy, complicating the synthesis of results. Laboratory studies in extracted teeth suggest that, with regard to canal disinfection, LAI is superior to conventional irrigation and there is a trend of higher antimicrobial efficacy of LAI compared to ultrasonic activation. Clinical evidence is limited to trials demonstrating similar postoperative pain levels after LAI versus no activation or ultrasonic activation. Clinical evidence concerning the effect of LAI on healing of apical periodontitis as yet is scarce.
Brugada syndrome in Iran: Insights from a 12‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Haghjoo Majid , Askarinejad Amir , Madadi Shabnam , Fazelifar Amirfarjam , Kamali Farzad , Alizadeh‐Diz Abolfath , Emkanjoo Zahra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by ST‐segment elevation in the right precordial leads, which is not explained by ischemia, electrolyte disturbances, or obvious structural heart disease.AimIn present study, we aim to evaluate presentation, long‐term outcome, genetic findings, and therapeutic interventions in patients with BrS.MethodsBetween September 2001 and June 2022, all consecutive patients with diagnosis of BrS were enrolled in the present study. All patients gave written informed consent for the procedure, and the local ethical committee approved the study.ResultsOf the 76 cases, 79% were proband and 21% were detected during screening after diagnosis of BrS in a family member. Thirty‐three (43%) patients had a typical spontaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern. Thirty percent of the patients were symptomatic; symptomatic patients were more likely to have spontaneous type 1 Brugada ECG pattern in their ECGs (p = .01), longer PR interval (p = .03), and SCN5A mutation (p = .01) than asymptomatic patients. The mean PR interval was considerably longer in men than women (p = .034). SCN5A mutation was found in 9 out of 50 (18%) studied patients. Fifteen percent received appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy and inappropriate ICD interventions were observed in 17%. Presentation with aborted SCD or arrhythmic syncope was the only predictor of adverse outcome in follow‐up (odds ratio: 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 0.7–19.6, p = .001).ConclusionsSymptomatic patients with BrS are more likely to present with spontaneous type 1 Brugada ECG pattern, longer PR interval, and pathogenic mutation in SCN5A gene. Appropriate ICD interventions are more likely in symptomatic patients and those with SCN5A mutation.
Addressing Perinatal Substance Use: A Triad Approach Led by the Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative
Authors: Johnson Amber , Swenson Karli S. , Dillner Elena , Klie Kaylin A. , Duncan Rachael , Brandspigel Sara , Breen Katie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnintentional overdose is a leading driver of maternal death in Colorado. The high volume of maternal deaths from preventable causes lends questions to failures in our clinical and community‐based care for pregnant and postpartum people. The Colorado Maternal Mortality Review Committee identified 3 main contributors including stigma in the community and health care system, fragmentation of the health care system, and the need for more clinician training. The Colorado Perinatal Care Quality Collaborative led a 3‐pronged intervention to address these challenges and improve perinatal care. The first intervention, the Colorado Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health Substance Use Disorder quality improvement initiative, partnered with birthing hospitals statewide to institute universal screening and timely referral for individuals at risk of substance use disorder (SUD) and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. The second intervention, the Improve Perinatal Access, Coordination, and Treatment for Behavioral Health initiative, established a perinatal support network within communities. This program assists individuals with SUD, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, or social needs to navigate the perinatal period. The third intervention, the Colorado Maternal Overdose Matters Plus program, has enhanced in‐hospital access to pharmacotherapy for pregnant and postpartum individuals with SUD through training and technical support. These collaborative initiatives aim to minimize barriers to care by integrating inpatient screening, treatment referrals, pharmacotherapy access, and community care support to mitigate maternal mortality in Colorado.
Does size matter? Evidence from municipal splits
Authors: Erlingsson Gissur Ó , Klarin Jonas , Mörk Eva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe contribute to the limited knowledge of the consequences of municipal splits by estimating how break‐ups of seven Swedish municipalities affected per capita expenditures. To predict what would have happened had the break‐ups not taken place, we apply the matrix completion method with nuclear norm minimization. We find that smaller municipalities not necessarily imply higher per capita expenditures. Instead, expenditures increase in some cases, are unaffected in others, and in others, decrease. The results point to the complex nature of territorial reforms and underscore the perils of policy recommendations that take uniform outcomes of either amalgamations or break‐ups for granted.
Clustering analysis of lipoprotein profiles to identify subtypes of hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers
Authors: Tate Nicole M. , Yamkate Punyamanee , Xenoulis Panagiotis G. , Steiner Jörg M. , Behling‐Kelly Erica L. , Rendahl Aaron K. , Wu Yu‐An , Furrow Eva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature Schnauzers, predisposing them to life‐threatening diseases. Varied responses to management strategies suggest the possibility of multiple subtypes.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo identify and characterize HTG subtypes in Miniature Schnauzers through cluster analysis of lipoprotein profiles. We hypothesize that multiple phenotypes of primary HTG exist in this breed.AnimalsTwenty Miniature Schnauzers with normal serum triglyceride concentration (NTG), 25 with primary HTG, and 5 with secondary HTG.MethodsCross‐sectional study using archived samples. Lipoprotein profiles, generated using continuous lipoprotein density profiling, were clustered with hierarchical cluster analysis. Clinical data (age, sex, body condition score, and dietary fat content) was compared between clusters.ResultsSix clusters were identified. Dogs with primary HTG were dispersed among 4 clusters. One cluster showed the highest intensities for triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein (TRL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions and also included 4 dogs with secondary HTG. Two clusters had moderately high TRL fraction intensities and low‐to‐intermediate LDL intensities. The fourth cluster had high LDL but variable TRL fraction intensities with equal numbers of NTG and mild HTG dogs. The final 2 clusters comprised only NTG dogs with low TRL intensities and low‐to‐intermediate LDL intensities. The clusters did not appear to be driven by differences in the clinical data.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results of this study support a spectrum of lipoprotein phenotypes within Miniature Schnauzers that cannot be predicted by triglyceride concentration alone. Lipoprotein profiling might be useful to determine if subtypes have different origins, clinical consequences, and response to treatment.
Goal‐directed fluid therapy guided by plethysmographic variability index versus conventional liberal fluid therapy in neonates undergoing abdominal surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Swathy A. S. , Jafra Anudeep , Bhardwaj Neerja , Kanojia Ravi P. , Bawa Monika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative fluid therapy maintains normovolemia, normal tissue perfusion, normal metabolic function, normal electrolytes, and acid–base status. Plethysmographic variability index has been shown to predict fluid responsiveness but its role in guiding intraoperative fluid therapy is still elusive.AimsThe aim of the present study was to compare intraoperative goal‐directed fluid therapy based on plethysmographic variability index with liberal fluid therapy in term neonates undergoing abdominal surgeries.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care centre, over a period of 18 months. A total of 30 neonates completed the study out of 132 neonates screened. Neonates with tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart disease, respiratory disorders, creatinine clearance <90 mL/min and who were hemodynamically unstable were excluded. Neonates were randomized to goal‐directed fluid therapy group where the plethysmographic variability index was targeted at <18 or liberal fluid therapy group. Primary outcome was comparison of total amount of fluid infused intraoperatively in both the groups. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and postoperative arterial blood gas parameters, biochemical parameters, use of vasopressors, number of fluid boluses, complications and duration of hospital stay.ResultsThere was no significant difference in total intraoperative fluid infused [90 (84–117.5 mL) in goal‐directed fluid therapy and 105 (85.5–144.5 mL) in liberal fluid therapy group (p = .406)], median difference (95% CI) −15 (−49.1 to 19.1). There was a decrease in serum lactate levels in both groups from preoperative to postoperative 24 h. The amount of fluid infused before dopamine administration was significantly higher in liberal fluid therapy group (58 [50.25–65 mL]) compared to goal‐directed fluid therapy group (36 [22–44 mL], p = .008), median difference (95% CI) −22 (−46 to 2). In postoperative period, the total amount of fluid intake over 24 h was comparable in two groups (222 [204–253 mL] in goal‐directed fluid therapy group and 224 [179.5–289.5 mL] in liberal fluid therapy group, p = .917) median difference (95% CI) cutoff −2 (−65.3 to 61.2).ConclusionIntraoperative plethysmographic variability index‐guided goal‐directed fluid therapy was comparable to liberal fluid therapy in terms of total volume of fluid infused in neonates during perioperative period. More randomized controlled trials with higher sample size are required.Trial RegistrationCentral Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2020/02/023561).
Perspectives on the Japanese new religion Tenrikyō: From global expansion to the development of a distinct “Tenri culture”
Authors: Sanguineti Patrick 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTenrikyō, one of Japan's oldest “new religions,” remains one of the archipelago's most fascinating, yet most understudied religious organizations within English‐language scholarship. Since its founding in 1838, the group has undergone multiple radical transformations as it has negotiated its place within Japanese society and the fluctuating place of religion therein. Once a rural group of relative outcasts drawn by the healing powers of its foundress, the group became a vital arm of Japanese colonial expansion through missionary work as a Shinto sect in the decades after her death. Since the promulgation of the country's postwar constitution, the movement once again asserted its independence, refocused itself on public service and the teachings of its foundress, and has grown into a complex, transnational religious organization with multiple generations of followers across no fewer than 15 countries. This essay provides a brief overview of the movement's development with particular focus on its history of global expansion and the growth of its cultural institutions. It aims to provide a balanced introduction to the movement by critically reviewing sources and materials produced by non‐members, members, scholars from Tenri University (part of Tenrikyō’s secular mission), and the movement's own institutions alike. It offers avenues for potential future research on the movement, paying special attention to diaspora, the formalization of its cultural identity, and its development beyond Japan's borders.
Clofazimine‐induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation as a source of stigma in the treatment of leprosy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nogueira Andreza Soares , Garcia Monique Allana Chagas , Silva Moises Batista da , Costa Patricia Fagundes da , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani , Salgado Claudio Guedes , Barreto Josafá Gonçalves 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesCutaneous hyperpigmentation is one of the main adverse effects encountered in patients undergoing leprosy treatment with multidrug therapy (WHO‐MDT). This adverse effect has been described as intolerable and capable of contributing to social stigma. The objectives of this study were to quantify the variation in skin colour induced by clofazimine during and after treatment and to assess the related stigma.MethodsThis observational cross‐sectional study objectively measured skin colour in 51 patients by reading the individual typology angle (ITA°) with a spectrophotometer, followed by the application of the Stigma Scale of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC).ResultsSkin hyperpigmentation was observed in 100% of the individuals. They showed more negative ITA° values in lesion areas than non‐lesion areas, particularly in sun‐exposed regions. Clofazimine‐induced cutaneous hyperpigmentation was not homogeneous and seemed to follow the lesion locations. The mean EMIC score was 18.8 points.ConclusionAll patients presented skin hyperpigmentation caused by clofazimine, detectable through spectrophotometry. Hyperpigmentation strongly impacted the social domain, indicating the intersectionality of disease and skin colour stigma, contributing to the social isolation of these patients. Health authorities should consider the negative impact of clofazimine on treatment adherence.
The impact of blood donation deferral strategies on the eligibility of men who have sex with men and other sexual risk behavior in Australia
Authors: Mowat Yasmin , Hoad Veronica , Masser Barbara , Kaldor John , Heywood Anita , Thorpe Rachel , McManus Hamish , McGregor Skye , Haire Bridget 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, a man cannot donate blood if he has had sex with another man within the past 3 months. However, this policy has been criticized as being discriminatory as it does not consider lower risk subgroups, and led to calls for modifications to the policy that more accurately distinguish risk among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM).Study Design and MethodsWe used data from a nationally representative survey to estimate the proportion of GBM aged 18–74 years old who would be eligible to donate under current criteria and other scenarios.ResultsAmong the 5178 survey participants, 155 (3.0%) were classified as GBM based on survey responses, Among the GBM, 40.2% (95% CI 28.0%–53.7%) were eligible to donate based on current criteria, and 21.0% (95% CI 14.5%–29.5%) were ineligible due to the 3 months deferral alone. Eligibility among GBM, all men, and the population increased as criteria were removed. Under the new Australian plasma donation criteria, 73.6% (95% CI 64.4%–81.1%) of GBM, 68.4% (95% CI 65.5%–71.2%) of all men, and 60.8% (95% CI 58.8%–62.8%) of the full population were estimated to be eligible. Only 16.1% (95% CI 8.6%–28.1%) of GBM knew that the male‐to‐male sex deferral period is 3 months.DiscussionChanging the deferral criteria and sexual risk evaluation would lead to a higher proportion of GBM being eligible to donate blood. Knowledge of the current GBM deferral period is very low. Improved education about the current criteria and any future changes are required to improve blood donation rates.
The Effect of Film Development on Primary Breakup in a Prefilming Airblast Atomizer
Authors: Wetherell Jack R. J. , Garmory Andrew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Liquid fueled gas turbines are likely to remain a dominant force in aviation propulsion for the foreseeable future, and therefore understanding the atomization process is key to meeting future emissions and performance legislation. To make experiments and simulations possible, simplified geometry and boundary conditions are often used, for example, simulations of primary atomization often use a fixed film height and velocity. This paper aims to quantify the effect of a fully developed unsteady film on the atomization process. A custom Coupled Level Set & Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) solver with adaptive meshing built in OpenFOAM v9 is used. A simulation of the atomization process in the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology atomization experiment (Warncke et al., 2017, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Primary Breakup of an Airblasted Liquid Sheet,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 91, pp. 208–224) is presented. A precursor simulation of the film development is used to provide accurate, temporally and spatially resolved inlet boundary conditions. These results are compared to previous CLSVOF simulations from Wetherell et al. (2020, “Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid Simulations of Prefilming Airblast Atomization With Adaptive Meshing,” ASME Paper No. GT2020-14213)” using traditional boundary conditions. The unsteady film has doubled the modal ligament length and widened the distribution, and is now in better agreement with experimental measurements. A clear correlation in both time and space is observed between the film, atomization process, and spray. The sauter mean diameter (SMD) is significantly increased, again giving better agreement with the experiment. A discussion of extracting statistical descriptions of the spray is given, outlining the unfeasible computational cost required to converge droplet diameter distributions and other high order statistics for a case such as this.