bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective biotechnology for reducing N2O-emissions from farmland: N2O-respiring bacteria vectored by organic waste
Authors: Hiis Elisabeth G , Vick Silas H W , Molstad Lars , Røsdal Kristine , Jonassen Kjell Rune , Winiwarter Wilfried , Bakken Lars R 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFarmed soils contribute to global warming primarily by N2O-emissions, and mitigation has proven difficult. However, a novel approach with promising results in the laboratory, exploits organic wastes both as substrates and vectors for strains of N2O-respiring bacteria (NRB), selected for their ability to survive in soil. Here we demonstrate a strong effect in field experiments: fertilization with waste from biogas-production, in which the strainCloacibacteriumsp. CB-01 had grown aerobically to ∼6*109cells mL-1, reduced N2O-emissions by 50-95 %. The strong and long-lasting effect of CB-01 is ascribed to it’s tenacity in soil, rather than its biokinetic parameters, which were inferior to other NRB-strains. Scaling up to EU level, we find that national anthropogenic N2O-emissions can be reduced by 5-20 %, and more if including other organic wastes. This opens an avenue for cost-effective reduction of N2O-emissions for which other mitigation options are currently lacking.
A BAC-guided haplotype assembly pipeline increases the resolution of the virus resistance locusCMD2in cassava
Authors: Luc Cornet , Zaidi Syed Shan-e-Ali , Li Jia , Yvan Ngapout , Shakir Sara , Loic Meunier , Callot Caroline , Marande William , Marc Hanikenne , Rombauts Stephane , Van de Peer Yves , Vanderschuren Hervé 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTCassava is an important crop for food security in the tropics where its production is jeopardized by several viral diseases, including the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) which is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Resistance to CMD is linked to a single dominant locus, namelyCMD2. The cassava genome contains highly repetitive regions making the accurate assembly of a reference genome challenging. In the present study, we generated BAC libraries of the CMD– susceptible cassava cultivar (cv.) 60444 and the CMD–resistant landrace TME3. We subsequently identified and sequenced BACs belonging to theCMD2region in both cultivars using high-accuracy long-read PacBio circular consensus sequencing (ccs) reads. We then sequenced and assembled the complete genomes of cv. 60444 and TME3 using a combination of ONT ultra-long reads and optical mapping. Anchoring the assemblies on cassava genetic maps revealed discrepancies in our, as well as in previously released,CMD2regions of the cv. 60444 and TME3 genomes. A BAC guided approach to assess cassava genome assemblies significantly improved the synteny between the assembledCMD2regions of cv. 60444 and TME3 and theCMD2genetic maps. We then performed repeat-unmasked gene annotation onCMD2assemblies and identified 81 stress resistance proteins present in theCMD2region, amongst which 31 were previously not reported in publicly availableCMD2sequences.
Distinct function of Chlamydomonas CTRA-CTR transporters in Cu assimilation and intracellular mobilization
Authors: Strenkert Daniela , Schmollinger Stefan , Paruthiyil Srinand , Brown Bonnie C. , Green Sydnee , Shafer Catherine M. , Salomé Patrice , Nelson Hosea , Blaby-Haas Crysten E. , Moseley Jeffrey L. , Merchant Sabeeha S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTSuccessful acclimation to copper (Cu) deficiency involves a fine balance between Cu import and export. In the unicellular green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii, Cu import is dependent onCopperResponseRegulator1(CRR1), the master regulator of Cu homeostasis. Among CRR1 target genes are two Cu transporters belonging to the CTR/COPT gene family (CTR1andCTR2) and a related soluble cysteine-rich protein (CTR3). The ancestor of these green algal proteins was likely acquired from an ancient chytrid and contained conserved cysteine-rich domains (named the CTR-associated domains, CTRA) that are predicted to be involved in Cu acquisition. We show by reverse genetics that Chlamydomonas CTR1 and CTR2 are canonical Cu importers albeit with distinct affinities, while loss of CTR3 did not result in an observable phenotype under the conditions tested. Mutation ofCTR1, but notCTR2, recapitulate the poor growth ofcrr1in Cu-deficient medium, consistent with a dominant role for CTR1 in high affinity Cu(I) uptake. Notably, the over-accumulation of Cu(I) in Zinc (Zn)-deficiency (20 times the quota) depends on CRR1 and both CTR1 and CTR2. CRR1-dependent activation ofCTRgene expression needed for Cu over-accumulation can be bypassed by the provision of excess Cu in the growth medium. Over-accumulated Cu is sequestered into the acidocalcisome but can become remobilized by restoring Zn nutrition. This mobilization is also CRR1-dependent, and requires activation ofCTR2expression, again distinguishing CTR2 from CTR1 and is consistent with the lower substrate affinity of CTR2.
Divergent spike mutations impact the activation of the fusion core in Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dutta Mandira , Voth Gregory A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infects host cells by binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its spike protein to the receptor, ACE2. A subset of highly effective spike mutations plays critical roles in altering the conformational dynamics of spike protein. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how spike mutations affect the conformational dynamics of spike/ACE2 complex in the D614G, Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variants. We observe that the increased positive-charged mutations in the Omicron spike amplify its structural rigidity and reduce its structural flexibility. The mutations (P681R in Delta and P681H in Omicron) at the S1/S2 junction facilitate S1/S2 cleavage and aid the activation of the fusion core. We report that high structural flexibility in Delta lowers the barrier for the activation of the S2 core; however, high structural rigidity in Omicron enhances the barrier for the same. Our results also explain why Omicron requires the presence of a higher number of ACE2 to activate its fusion core than Delta.
Relative vaccine effectiveness of a CoronaVac booster dose in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers during an Omicron period in Azerbaijan, January–August 2022
Authors: Finci Iris , Rojas Castro Madelyn Yiseth , Seyidov Nabil , Mehdiyev Samir , McKnight C. Jason , Mühlemann Barbara , Drosten Christian , Duca Lindsey , Pebody Richard , Kissling Esther , Katz Mark A. , Hagverdiyev Gahraman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmong Azerbaijani healthcare workers (HCWs), compared to primary vaccine series, CoronaVac booster relative vaccine effectiveness was 60% (95% CI:25–79) and 79% (95% CI:44–92) against symptomatic and medically attended illness, respectively, during an Omicron BA.1/BA.2 period. Our results support timely CoronaVac booster uptake among Azerbaijani HCWs to reduce morbidity.
Triggers for Freezing of Gait in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Conde Carolina I. , Lang Charlotte , Baumann Christian R. , Easthope Chris A. , Taylor William R. , Ravi Deepak K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFreezing of Gait (FOG) is a motor symptom frequently observed in advanced Parkinson’s disease. However, due to its paroxysmal nature and diverse presentation, assessing FOG in a clinical setting can be challenging. Before FOG can be fully investigated, it is critical that a reliable experimental setting is established in which FOG can be evoked in a standardised manner, but the efficacy of various gait tasks and triggers for eliciting FOG remains unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the existing literature and evaluate the available evidence for the relationship between specific motor tasks, triggers, and FOG episodes in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD).MethodsWe conducted a literature search on four online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) using the keywords “Parkinson’s disease,” “Freezing of Gait,” and “triggers.” A total of 128 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis.ResultsThe review found that a wide range of gait tasks were employed in gait assessment studies on PD patients. However, three tasks (turning, dual tasking, and straight walking) were the most frequently used. Turning (28%) appears to be the most effective trigger for eliciting FOG in PwPD, followed by walking through a doorway (14%) and dual tasking (10%).ConclusionsThis review thereby supports the use of turning especially 360 degrees as a reliable trigger for FOG in PwPD. This could be beneficial to clinicians during clinical evaluations and researchers who wish to assess FOG in a laboratory environment.
Biosynthesis of H-GDGTs linked to ocean oxygen deficiency
Authors: Li Yanan , Yu Ting , Feng Xi , Zhao Bo , Chen Huahui , Connock Gregory T. , Liu Xiao-Lei , Yang Huan , Kaiser Jérôme , Wittenborn Anna K. , Dong Liang , Wang Fengping , Anderson Hayden R. , Burns Noah Z. , Zeng Fuxing , Tao Lizhi , Zeng Zhirui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArchaeal membrane lipids GDGTs (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers) are biomarkers used for tracking Earth’s historical environmental changes. Among these GDGTs, the H-shaped GDGTs (H-GDGTs, or GMGTs) represent a less-explored and often overlooked subset, with its biosynthetic pathway and geological significance remaining elusive. Here, we identified the gene responsible for biosynthesizing H-GDGTs, which encodes to a radicalS-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme, named as H-GDGTs bridge synthase (Hbs). Heterologous expression of the genehbsin a methanogen, as well asin vitroactivity assay using the purified Hbs enzyme were performed. Additionally, we found that the genes encoding Hbs are exclusively present in obligate anaerobic archaea genomes and the metagenomes obtained from oxygen-deficient environments, but not in oxic settings. The H-GDGTs lipids were also consistently enriched in the modern oxygen-deficient environments, and remarkably accumulated in ancient sediments during oceanic anoxic event-2 (OAE-2, ∼94 million years ago) period. Our findings indicate H-GDGTs holds significant promise as a novel biomarker for studying historical ocean oxygen deficiency supported by a well-established biological basis.
Biofilms and core pathogens shape the tumour microenvironment and immune phenotype in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kvich Lasse , Fritz Blaine Gabriel , Zschach Henrike , Terkelsen Thilde , Raskov Hans , Høst-Rasmussen Kathrine , Jakobsen Morten Ragn , Gheorghe Alexandra Gabriella , Gögenur Ismail , Bjarnsholt Thomas 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveGrowing evidence links bacterial dysbiosis with colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis, characterized by an increased presence of core pathogens such asBacteroides fragilisandFusobacterium nucleatum. Here, we characterized thein situbiogeography and transcriptional interactions between bacteria and the host in mucosal colon biopsies.DesignThe influence of CRC core pathogens and biofilms on the tumour microenvironment (TME) was investigated in biopsies from patients with and without CRC (paired normal tissue and healthy tissue biopsies) using fluorescencein situhybridization and dual-RNA sequencing.ResultsTissue-invasive, mixed-species biofilms enriched forB. fragilisandF. nucleatumwere observed in CRC tissue, especially in right-sided tumours.Fusobacterium spp.was associated with increased bacterial biomass and inflammatory response in CRC samples. CRC samples with high bacterial activity demonstrated increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, defensins, matrix-metalloproteases, and immunomodulatory factors. In contrast, the gene expression profiles of CRC samples with low bacterial activity resembled healthy tissue samples. Moreover, immune cell profiling showed thatB. fragilisandF. nucleatummodulated the TME and correlated with increased infiltration of neutrophils and CD4+T-cells. Overall, bacterial activity was critical for the immune phenotype and correlated with the infiltration of several immune cell subtypes, including M2 macrophages and regulatory T-cells.ConclusionBiofilms and core pathogens shape the TME and immune phenotype in CRC. Our results support thatFusobacterium spp. may provide a future therapeutic target to reduce biofilms and the inflammatory response in the TME while highlighting the importance of widening the scope of bacterial pathogenesis in CRC beyond core pathogens.
Domain structure and cross-linking in a giant adhesin from the Mobiluncus mulieris bacterium
Authors: Young Paul G. , Paynter Jacob M. , Wardega Julia K. , Middleditch Martin J. , Payne Leo S. , Baker Edward N. , Squire Christopher J. 
Published: October 2023

Cell-surface proteins known as adhesins enable bacteria to colonize particular environments, and in Gram-positive bacteria often contain autocatalytically formed covalent intramolecular cross-links. While investigating the prevalence of such cross-links, a remarkable example was discovered in Mobiluncus mulieris, a pathogen associated with bacterial vaginosis. This organism encodes a putative adhesin of 7651 residues. Crystallography and mass spectrometry of two selected domains, and AlphaFold structure prediction of the remainder of the protein, were used to show that this adhesin belongs to the family of thioester, isopeptide and ester-bond-containing proteins (TIE proteins). It has an N-terminal domain homologous to thioester adhesion domains, followed by 51 immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains containing ester- or isopeptide-bond cross-links. The energetic cost to the M. mulieris bacterium in retaining such a large adhesin as a single gene or protein construct suggests a critical role in pathogenicity and/or persistence.
Optimizing energy retrofitting of existing buildings through combinations of advanced noninvasive interventions: a case study in a hot climate zone
Authors: Reffat Rabee , Adel Julia 
Published: October 2023

Purpose This purpose of this paper is to address the problem of reducing energy consumption in existing buildings using advanced noninvasive interventions (NVIs).Design/methodology/approach The study methodology involves systematically developing and testing 18 different NVIs in six categories (glazing types, window films, external shading devices, automated internal shades, lighting systems and nanopainting) to identify the most effective individual NVIs. The impact of each individual NVI was examined on an exemplary university educational building in a hot climate zone in Egypt using a computational energy simulation tool, and the results were used to develop 39 combination scenarios of dual, triple and quadruple combinations of NVIs.Findings The optimal 10 combination scenarios of NVIs were determined based on achieving the highest percentages of energy reduction. The optimal percentage of energy reduction is 47.1%, and it was obtained from a combination of nanowindow film, nanopainting, LED lighting and horizontal louver external. The study found that appropriate mixture of NVIs is the most key factor in achieving the highest percentages of energy reduction.Practical implications These results have important implications for optimizing energy savings in existing buildings. The results can guide architects, owners and policymakers in selecting the most appropriate interventions in existing buildings to achieve the optimal reduction in energy consumption.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research unfolds in two significant ways: first, through the exploration of the potential effects arising from the integration of advanced NVIs into existing building facades. Second, it lies in the systematic development of a series of scenarios that amalgamate these NVIs, thereby pinpointing the most efficient strategies to optimize energy savings, all without necessitating any disruptive alterations to the existing building structure. These combination scenarios encompass the incorporation of both passive and active NVIs. The potential application of these diverse scenarios to a real-life case study is presented to underscore the substantial impact that these advanced NVIs can have on the energy performance of the building.
Human resources practices as a moderator for inculcating lean thinking in IT organizations – an empirical approach
Authors: Megha B. , Srikantha Dath T.N. 
Published: October 2023

PurposeHuman Resource Practices (HRPs) have undergone a revolutionary change, with their practices being more strategic for facilitating the change process. Extant literature studies the impact of Lean Thinking Practices (LTPs) on Organizational Performance (OP). However, the role of HRP as a strategic partner in the inculcation of LTP appears to have been explored sparingly. Hence, this paper aims to identify the specific HRPs that enhance the impact of Lean Thinking on OP.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey method was adopted. A total of 528 responses from IT organizations across various levels and processes were collected. The proposed conceptual framework was tested and validated SPSS-Process Macro.FindingsFindings revealed that the presence of HRPs as moderators is significantly impacting the relationship between LTP and OP. LTP when moderated by HRPs significantly impacts employee well-being when compared to other performance variables.Originality/valueThis study is a maiden attempt to study the role of HRP in the inculcation of LTP in IT organizations. Earlier studies, which have mainly concentrated on the need for Human Resource (people) involvement, have spoken and researched less about the specific HRPs in the inculcation of LTP. An empirically validated specific HRP for inculcating LTP in IT organizations is a significant contribution.
Are leaders born or made? Asking the right question.
Authors: Sposato Martin 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The current viewpoint addressed the old debate on whether leaders are born or made and argues that both perspectives are relevant and that leaders are a combination of both.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on personal experience working and researching leadership development this viewpoint argues for the need to understand that both leaders are born but they need to be developed.

Findings
The article provides arguments for the synergy that exist between the view that leaders are made and the view that argues that leaders are born.

Originality/value
From an originality perspective the article attempts to build a bridge between the ideas that leaders are born or made by focusing on the synergies of both camps.
Three-dimensional slope stability and anti-slide pile treatment of Zhangjiayao landslide under rainfall
Authors: Han Chen-Xi , Hou Tian-Shun , Chen Ye 
Published: October 2023

PurposeTo solve the instability problem of Zhangjiayao landslide caused by rainfall, the internal mechanism of slope instability and the supporting effect of anti-slide piles are studied. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of loess landslides.Design/methodology/approachA three-dimensional finite element model of Zhangjiayao landslide is established by field geological survey, laboratory test and numerical simulation.FindingsThe results show that Zhangjiayao landslide is a loess-mudstone contact surface landslide, and rainfall leads to slope instability and traction landslide. The greater the rainfall intensity, the faster the pore water pressure of the slope increases and the faster the matrix suction decreases. The longer the rainfall duration, the greater the pore water pressure of the slope and the smaller the matrix suction. Anti-slide pile treatment can significantly improve slope stability. The slope safety factor increases with the increase of embedded depth of anti-slide pile and decreases with the increase of pile spacing.Originality/valueBased on the unsaturated soil seepage theory and finite element strength reduction method, the failure mechanism of Zhangjiayao landslide was revealed, and the anti-slide pile structure was optimized and designed based on the pile-soil interaction principle. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the treatment of loess landslides.HighlightsA three-dimensional finite element model of Zhangjiayao landslide is established.Zhangjiayao landslide is a loess-mudstone contact surface landslide.The toe of Zhangjiayao slope is first damaged by heavy rainfall, resulting in traction landslide.The deformation of Zhangjiayao slope is highly dependent on rainfall intensity and duration.The anti-slide pile can effectively control the continuous sliding of Zhangjiayao slope.
The impact of emotional labor strategy order effects on customer satisfaction within service episodes
Authors: Groth Markus , Esmaeilikia Mahsa 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to aims to extend emotional labor research by exploring whether the impact of emotional labor on customer satisfaction depends on the order in which different emotional labor strategies are used by employees. Specifically, the authors explore how the order effects of two emotional labor strategies – deep and surface acting – impact customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted two experimental studies in which participants interacted with service employees who systematically switched between surface and deep acting strategies during the service episode. In Study 1, participants watched a video clip depicting a service encounter in a bookstore. In Study 2, participants partook in a simulated career-counseling session.

Findings
The four different emotional labor strategy order effects differentially impact customer satisfaction. Consistent with theories of gain–loss effects, improvement and decline trends positively or negatively impact customers, respectively. Furthermore, results show that these trends impact customer satisfaction growth differently over time.

Research limitations/implications
The authors only focused on two emotional labor strategies, and future research may benefit from extending the research to additional regulation strategies and/or specific discrete emotions.

Practical implications
The results suggest that managers may train employees in recognizing that customer satisfaction is not just driven by customers’ overall assessment of the interaction but also by their experience at different stages of the interaction.

Originality/value
Service marketing and management scholars have largely explored emotional labor from a between-person or within-person perspective, with little empirical attention paid to within-episode processes that focus on how employee behavior varies within a single service episode. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to demonstrate that surface and deep acting can be used simultaneously and dynamically over the course of a single service interaction in impacting customer satisfaction.