bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention in persons with Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Paparella Gabriella , Stragà Cristina , Vavla Marinela , Pesenti Nicola , Merotto Vasco , Martorel Gian A. , Zalunardo Sara , Armellin Maria , Comiotto Jimmy , Martinuzzi Andrea 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe relevance of rehabilitation in progressive neurological disorders, such as Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA), has yet to be convincingly proven. FRDA is characterized by ataxia, loss of gait, scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, dysarthria and dysphagia, with reduced life expectancy. The disease onset is usually in adolescence, leading to progressive disability. Omaveloxolone has been recently approved as the first pharmacological treatment for FRDA in adults and adolescents aged 16 years and older. Regarding non-pharmacological therapies, neurorehabilitation is a valuable aid in addressing the symptoms and in maintaining the residual functioning. We performed a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the efficacy of inpatient rehabilitation (IR) for people with FRDA.MethodsA total of 42 individuals (29 adults and 13 children) with FRDA were recruited. There were 27 ambulant and 15 non-ambulant participants. The patients underwent IR of 3 and 4 weeks in children and adults, respectively. The IR treatment was designed to be applied within a multidisciplinary setting, so FRDA patients underwent, in addition to physiotherapy, also occupational therapy, practical manual activities and psychological support aiming to enhance transferable skills useful in the activities of daily living. The primary outcome was the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Other measures were: Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS) and Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Furthermore, we used the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) only on ambulant subjects. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment.ResultsWe report that the IR significantly improves motor performance and ataxia symptoms in patients with FRDA. Our study shows significant functional improvement in all the outcome measures used, except for NHPT bilaterally. FARS and SARA scores post-IR are significatively reduced when compared (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionWe demonstrate that IR programs in FRDA can provide a meaningful clinical improvement in terms of outcome measures. These findings could be useful when approaching progressive neurological disorders.
Listening effort and fatigue among cochlear implant users: a scoping review
Authors: Philips Cato , Jacquemin Laure , Lammers Marc J. W. , Mertens Griet , Gilles Annick , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Van Rompaey Vincent 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIn challenging listening situations, speech perception with a cochlear implant (CI) remains demanding and requires high levels of listening effort, which can lead to increased levels of listening-related fatigue. The body of literature on these topics increases as the number of CI users rises. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on listening effort, fatigue, and listening-related fatigue among CI users and the measurement techniques to evaluate them.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statements were used to conduct the scoping review. The search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies.ResultsIn total, 24 studies were included and suggests that CI users experience higher levels of listening effort when compared to normal hearing controls using scales, questionnaires and electroencephalogram measurements. However, executing dual-task paradigms did not reveal any difference in listening effort between both groups. Uncertainty exists regarding the difference in listening effort between unilateral, bilateral, and bimodal CI users with bilateral hearing loss due to ambiguous results. Only five studies were eligible for the research on fatigue and listening-related fatigue. Additionally, studies using objective measurement methods were lacking.DiscussionThis scoping review highlights the necessity for additional research on these topics. Moreover, there is a need for guidelines on how listening effort, fatigue, and listening-related fatigue should be measured to allow for study results that are comparable and support optimal rehabilitation strategies.
An open-source nnU-net algorithm for automatic segmentation of MRI scans in the male pelvis for adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Lorenzen Ebbe Laugaard , Celik Bahar , Sarup Nis , Dysager Lars , Christiansen Rasmus Lübeck , Bertelsen Anders Smedegaard , Bernchou Uffe , Agergaard Søren Nielsen , Konrad Maximilian Lukas , Brink Carsten , Mahmood Faisal , Schytte Tine , Nyborg Christina Junker 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAdaptive MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) requires accurate and efficient segmentation of organs and targets on MRI scans. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and variable, while deformable image registration (DIR)-based contour propagation may not account for large anatomical changes. Therefore, we developed and evaluated an automatic segmentation method using the nnU-net framework.MethodsThe network was trained on 38 patients (76 scans) with localized prostate cancer and tested on 30 patients (60 scans) with localized prostate, metastatic prostate, or bladder cancer treated at a 1.5 T MRI-linac at our institution. The performance of the network was compared with the current clinical workflow based on DIR. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD), and Hausdorff distance (HD) metrics.ResultsThe trained network successfully segmented all 600 structures in the test set. High similarity was obtained for most structures, with 90% of the contours having a DSC above 0.9 and 86% having an MSD below 1 mm. The largest discrepancies were found in the sigmoid and colon structures. Stratified analysis on cancer type showed that the best performance was seen in the same type of patients that the model was trained on (localized prostate). Especially in patients with bladder cancer, the performance was lower for the bladder and the surrounding organs. A complete automatic delineation workflow took approximately 1 minute. Compared with contour transfer based on the clinically used DIR algorithm, the nnU-net performed statistically better across all organs, with the most significant gain in using the nnU-net seen for organs subject to more considerable volumetric changes due to variation in the filling of the rectum, bladder, bowel, and sigmoid.ConclusionWe successfully trained and tested a network for automatically segmenting organs and targets for MRIgRT in the male pelvis region. Good test results were seen for the trained nnU-net, with test results outperforming the current clinical practice using DIR-based contour propagation at the 1.5 T MRI-linac. The trained network is sufficiently fast and accurate for clinical use in an online setting for MRIgRT. The model is provided as open-source.
Handgrip strength assessment at baseline in addition to bone parameters could potentially predict the risk of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Lau Rufina Wing Lum , Cheuk Ka Yee , Hung Vivian Wing Yin , Yu Fiona Wai Ping , Tam Elisa Man Shan , Wong Lyn Lee Ning , Zhang Jiajun , Lee Wayne Yuk Wai , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Lam Tsz Ping , Lau Adam Yiu Chung 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by deranged bone and muscle qualities, which are important prognostic factors for curve progression. This retrospective case–control study aims to investigate whether the baseline muscle parameters, in addition to the bone parameters, could predict curve progression in AIS.MethodsThe study included a cohort of 126 female patients diagnosed with AIS who were between the ages of 12 and 14 years old at their initial clinical visit. These patients were longitudinally followed up every 6 months (average 4.08 years) until they reached skeletal maturity. The records of these patients were thoroughly reviewed as part of the study. The participants were categorized into two sub-groups: the progressive AIS group (increase in Cobb angle of ≥6°) and the stable AIS group (increase in Cobb angle &lt;6°). Clinical and radiological assessments were conducted on each group.ResultsCobb angle increase of ≥6° was observed in 44 AIS patients (34.9%) prior to skeletal maturity. A progressive AIS was associated with decreased skeletal maturity and weight, lower trunk lean mass (5.7%, p = 0.027) and arm lean mass (8.9%, p &lt; 0.050), weaker dominant handgrip strength (8.8%, p = 0.027), deranged cortical compartment [lower volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by 6.5%, p = 0.002], and lower bone mechanical properties [stiffness and estimated failure load lowered by 13.2% (p = 0.005) and 12.5% (p = 0.004)]. The best cut-off threshold of maximum dominant handgrip strength is 19.75 kg for distinguishing progressive AIS from stable AIS (75% sensitivity and 52.4% specificity, p = 0.011).DiscussionPatients with progressive AIS had poorer muscle and bone parameters than patients with stable AIS. The implementation of a cut-off threshold in the baseline dominant handgrip strength could potentially be used as an additional predictor, in addition to bone parameters, for identifying individuals with AIS who are at higher risk of experiencing curve progression.
CRISPR-enabled investigation of fitness costs associated with the E198A mutation in β-tubulin of Colletotrichum siamense
Authors: Cosseboom Scott D. , Agarwal Chiti , Hu Mengjun 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionUnderstanding fitness costs associated with fungicide resistance is critical to improve resistance management strategies. E198A in b-tubulin confers resistance to the fungicide thiophanate-methyl and has been widely reported in several plant pathogens including Colletotrichum siamense.MethodTo better understand potential fitness costs associated with the resistance, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to create a point mutation (E198A) through homology directed repair (HDR) in each of the sensitive (E198) C. siamense isolates collected from strawberries, raspberries, and peaches. The RNP complex was delivered into fungal protoplasts using polyethylene glycol-mediated (PEG) transfection.ResultsThe transformation efficiency, the proportion of transformants of sensitive parental isolates containing the E198A mutation, averaged 72%. No off-target mutations were observed when sequences similar to the b-tubulin target region with a maximum of four mismatch sites were analyzed, suggesting that the CRISPR/Cas9 system used in this study was highly specific for genome editing in C. siamense. Of the 41 comparisons of fitness between mutant and wild type isolates through in vitro and detached fruit assays, mutant isolates appeared to be as fit (24 of 41 comparisons), if not more fit than wild-type isolates (10 of 41 comparisons). DiscussionThe use of CRISPR/Cas9 to evaluate fitness costs associated with point mutations in this study represents a novel and useful method, since wild-type and mutant isolates were genetically identical except for the target mutation.
Risk of post-fracture pneumonia and its association with cardiovascular events and mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Whitney Daniel G. , Erickson Steven R. , Berri Maryam 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveFragility fractures are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, which is a leading cause of death in adults with intellectual disabilities; however, the timing and complications of post-fracture pneumonia are underinvestigated. The objectives of this study were to determine the 30-day pneumonia rate post-fracture and the association of post-fracture pneumonia with mortality and cardiovascular events among adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using Medicare and commercial claims from 01 January 2011 to 31 December 2016. Incidence of pneumonia 30 days after a fragility fracture among adults ≥18 years old with intellectual disabilities (Fx cohort) was compared to the incidence among matched adults with intellectual disabilities without fractures (w/oFx cohort) and the general population of patients with an incident fragility fracture (GP+Fx). For the Fx cohort, Cox regression was used to examine the adjusted association of time-varying pneumonia (within 30 days post-fracture) with mortality and incidence of cardiovascular events 0–30, 31–365, and 366–730 days post-fracture.ResultsThere was a high–early rate of pneumonia within 30 days post-fracture for young, middle-aged, and elderly adults with intellectual disabilities (n = 6,183); this rate was 2.2- to 6.1-fold higher than the rate among the w/oFx (n = 12,366) and GP+Fx (n = 363,995) cohorts (all P &lt; 0.05). For the Fx cohort, post-fracture 30-day incidence of pneumonia was associated with an increased 30-day rate of mortality (adjusted HR [aHR] = 5.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.68–7.32), heart failure (aHR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.92–4.56), and cerebrovascular disease (aHF = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.93–2.35; P = 0.098), with sustained effects to 1 year for heart failure (aHR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.19–2.17) and 2 years for mortality (aHR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.06–1.83), and without evidence of effect modification by age.DiscussionAdults with intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to post-fracture pneumonia within 30 days, and complications arising from this, across the adult lifespan, and not only during the elderly years.
Machine learning algorithms improve MODIS GPP estimates in United States croplands
Authors: Menefee Dorothy , Lee Trey O. , Flynn K. Colton , Chen Jiquan , Abraha Michael , Baker John , Suyker Andy 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Machine learning methods combined with satellite imagery have the potential to improve estimates of carbon uptake of terrestrial ecosystems, including croplands. Studying carbon uptake patterns across the U.S. using research networks, like the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network, can allow for the study of broader trends in crop productivity and sustainability.Methods: In this study, gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for three LTAR cropland sites were integrated for use in a machine learning modeling effort. They are Kellogg Biological Station (KBS, 2 towers and 20 site-years), Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB - Rosemount, 1 tower and 12 site-years), and Platte River High Plains Aquifer (PRHPA, 3 towers and 52 site-years). All sites were planted to maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). The MODIS GPP product was initially compared to in-situ measurements from Eddy Covariance (EC) instruments at each site and then to all sites combined. Next, machine learning algorithms were used to create refined GPP estimates using air temperature, precipitation, crop type (maize or soybean), agroecosystem, and the MODIS GPP product as inputs. The AutoML program in the h2o package tested a variety of individual and combined algorithms, including Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting Models (XGBoost), and Stacked Ensemble.Results and discussion: The coefficient of determination (r2) of the raw comparison (MODIS GPP to EC GPP) was 0.38, prior to machine learning model incorporation. The optimal model for simulating GPP across all sites was a Stacked Ensemble type with a validated r2 value of 0.87, RMSE of 2.62 units, and MAE of 1.59. The machine learning methodology was able to successfully simulate GPP across three agroecosystems and two crops.
Potential for Marine Tourism Development in Kelapa Island, Thousand Islands, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Parantika Asep , Indah Sari Kelly 
Published: November 2023

The Thousand Islands are one of the popular tourist locations nearby Jakarta, Indonesia's capital city. However, it is regrettable that not many people are aware of several locations in the Thousand Islands. Siput Island, which is part of Kelapa Island Village, is a marine tourism destination that not many people know much about or frequently visit. In order to attract tourists, it is therefore vital to promote Siput's tourism industry.
Purpose: The study's objectives were to ascertain the current and potential circumstances on the island of Siput, as well as the difficulties and potential strategies for promoting marine tourism there.
Methodology: The researcher's method is a qualitative one that includes interviews, observation, and documentation. Data triangulation is the analytical approach employed.
Result: The results show that Kelapa Island has advantages in terms of uniqueness and beliefs held by individuals in the local community. The role of MSMEs around the island is also one of the advantages possessed by Kelapa Island. In addition, it was also found that the weakness of Kelapa Island is the lack of available funding for further demolishment. While rivalry, egotism, and natural calamities pose challenges, the potential of Pulau Kelapa is what draws several businesses to invest there. The 4A (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, & Ancillary) tourist development strategy for Pulau Kelapa has certain components that have been completed, beginning with attractions in the form of activities and cuisine, while amenities still need to be concentrated on restrooms and places of worship.
A Novel Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technique with Hour-Hectometer Level Horizontal Distribution of Trace Gases: To Accurately Identify Emission Sources
Authors: Lu Chuan , Li Qihua , Xing Chengzhi , Hu Qihou , Tan Wei , Lin Hua , Lin Jinan , Zhang Zhiguo , Chang Bowen , Liu Cheng 
Published: November 2023

High spatial-temporal resolution distribution of atmospheric gaseous pollutant is an important basis for tracing its emission, transport, and transformation. Typical methods for acquiring regional atmospheric gaseous pollutant distributions are satellite remote sensing and in situ observations. However, these approaches have limitations, such as sparse overpass times for satellites and restricted coverage for in situ monitoring. In this study, we propose a method for the long-term detection of the horizontal distribution of trace gases. This method based on effective optical paths (EOPs) as the instrument's detection range. It acquires the average trace gas concentration along the EOPs by utilizing different detection distances within the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral bands. Subsequently, we use the onion-peeling method to obtain trace gas concentrations at two distinct distances. The obtained trace gas horizontal distribution was consistent with the in situ and mobile measurements. Compared with satellite remote sensing, this method achieved horizontal distribution results with higher spatial and temporal resolutions, and located several small high-value areas in Hefei, China. The tropospheric NO
2
vertical column density (VCD) results of the satellite at transit time (13:30) were consistent with the hyperspectral NO
2
horizontal distribution results at 13:00 to 14:00 on the same day but were not consistent with the daily average NO
2
results. The hourly NO
2
concentration in each area was 10% to 40% lower than the daytime average obtained by the hyperspectral remote sensing result. We evaluated the errors associated with the calculation of NO
2
emissions based on the satellite results and found a bias of approximately 69.45% to 83.34%. The spatial distribution of NO
2
concentration obtained from MAX-DOAS measurements may help in future bottom-up emission calculations.
Analisis Gaya Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Assessment Diagnostik Non Kognitif Pada Pembelajaran Diferensiasi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hilman Irfan , Akmal Rudi , Nugraha Fajar 
Published: November 2023

Berdasarkan hasil observasi di kelas empat SDN 1 Galihpakuwon kab. Garut belum melaksanakan asesmen diagnostik non kognitif sehingga, model, metode, atau strategi yang digunakan oleh guru kurang tepat, dan hal ini berdampak kepada keaktifan siswa atau kurang atusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dikelas, guru masih memandang anak itu sama dan masih menyeragamkan minat, bakat, dan gaya belajar peserta didik, terlihat dari perbedaan adanya cara gaya belajar siswa yang menunjukkan bagaimana cara siswa menerima pembelajaran dengan cepat dan lambat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi asesmen diagnostik non kognitif untuk melihat bakat minat dilihat dari profil gaya belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran diferensiasi di sekolah dasar. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. analisis data bersifat induktif atau kualitatif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna dari pada generalisa. Penelitian deskriptif ditulis dalam bentuk narasi untuk mengetahui tentang implementasi asesmen diagnostik non kognitif untuk melihat bakat minat dilihat dari profil gaya belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran diferensiasi pada siswa Kelas empat di SDN 1 Galihpakuwon Kab. Garut. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa asesmen diagnostik non kognitif untuk memfasilatasi gaya belajar peserta didik dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk guru merancang, dan memilih pembelajaran diferensiasi: konten, proses, dan produk. Kemudian guru dapat mengkategorikan peserta didik ke dalam tiga gaya belajar: auditori, visual, kinestetik supaya kegiatan pembelajaran lebih bermakna, dan ada kesesuaian keduanya menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang efektif dan efisien dan mempermudah untuk tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Dengan begitu, gaya mengajar guru dan gaya belajar siswa merupakan dua hal yang berkaitan erat, saling mendukung, dan sangat menentukan keberhasilan belajar mengajar dikelas.
Is the M81 Fast Radio Burst Host Globular Cluster Special?
Authors: Dage Kristen C. , Bahramian Arash , James Clancy W. , Kundu Arunav , Rhode Katherine L. , Strader Jay , Vesperini Enrico , Zepf Stephen E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We use multiband archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations to measure the photometric and structural parameters of the M81 globular cluster (GC) that hosts the fast radio burst FRB 20200120E. Our best-fitting King model has an effective radius r

h
= 3.06 pc with a moderate King model concentration of c = 53, and an inferred core radius of 0.81 pc. We revisit the exact astrometric location of the FRB within the cluster, and find that FRB 20200120E is located 1.92 pc from the center, but within the projected half-light radius. We estimate the relative encounter rate of the FRB host, along with the corresponding rates of 210 other GCs in M81, and compare these values with the encounter rates of Galactic GCs. The FRB resides in a GC with an encounter rate that is moderately higher than the median stellar encounter rate in our two comparison samples. While the estimated encounter rate of the FRB host cluster (e.g., ∼50% of a cluster like 47 Tuc) is sufficient to allow the possibility that the FRB formed dynamically, our results do not place strong constraints on this scenario due to the limitations of the available HST data and the possible systematic uncertainties and selection effects in the comparison data.