bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision-Making During the Collaborative Planning of Coauthors
Authors: Burnett Rebecca E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As both a teacher and researcher, I want to understand the nature of the collaborative decision-making process that coauthors use. My interest comes in part from recognizing the benefits of classroom collaboration, which can give students experience and insight into their own thinking and problem solving. Students also gain emotional support, dialectical opportunities, and mutual commitment (Gebhardt, 1980) as well as preparation for academic and workplace collaboration as they work with the conventions and language of a discourse community and receive feedback (Higgins, 1988). My interest is also understandable given the prevalence of collaborative writing activities in classrooms. For example, nearly half of the respondents (46.5%) in a national survey of university and college business communication teachers indicated that they use collaborative writing in their classes (Bosley, 1989). The use of collaboration is increasingly widespread in many other writing courses as well (see detailed review in DiPardo & Freedman, 1988).
Using Conferences to Support the Writing Process
Authors: Bowen Betsy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Conversations between students and teachers about writing are not new, but in the past twenty years they have gained considerable attention as an effective tool in teaching writing. Researchers and theorists, such as Murray, Moffett, and Graves, have argued that students need to talk about drafts in progress with skilled, attentive readers. Recently, research on cognitive processes has begun to consider writing conferences as sites where writers may reveal something about the goals and decisions that influenced their writing. As a result, writing conferences, with teachers or with peers, have become a prominent part of new approaches to teaching writing.
Theology And Narrative Selected Essays
Authors: Frei Hans W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hans W. Frei (1922-1988) was one of the most influential American theologians of his generation. Early in his career he drew attention to the importance of biblical narratives, he helped make Karl Barth once again a creative voice in contemporary theology, and he served as a model of what his colleague, George Lindbeck, has called “postliberal theology.” This volume collects ten of Frei’s lectures and essays, half of them never before published. Addressing audiences of theologians, biblical scholars, and literary critics, Frei explores the implications of his work for hermeneutics and Christology, and discusses Barth, Schleiermacher, and his own teacher, H. Richard Niebuhr. William Placher has provided an introduction to Frei’s life and work, and the volume ends with an essay by George Hunsinger on Frei’s significance for theology today. This collection provides an unrivaled introduction to Frei’s work.
Sketch of the Present Situation of America, 1794
Authors: Harris Sharon M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That melancholy pause, and extreme dejection, which at this present so apparently pervades every order of citizens among us, is, methinks, rather derogatory to the American character. The question, relative to opening the temple of Janus,1 seems to be agitated with unbecoming warmth; and a zeal, not properly tempered by knowledge, is, I conceive, strikingly exemplified by every party.
A Theology of Behavior: Communio Sanctorum and The Use of Sources
Authors: Heffernan Thomas J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The narrative conventions of the medieval saint’s life are indebted to religious ideals which laud antifraternal, solitary, and ascetic practices. Such ideals shaped the way medieval sacred biography illustrated both the public and the private character of sanctity. By the mid-fourth century, these austere ideals had formed a congeries of complex beliefs rooted in the church’s theological and philosophical teaching and can be seen complete in Athanasius’s Vita Sancti Antonii. These ideologies make up the conceptual skeleton which girds the narrative, and as such they inform the crucial antinomian dialectic, exemplified throughout the breadth of medieval sacred biography, of the conflict between the civitas Dei and the civitas hominis.
Blues Notes on Black Sexuality: Sex and the Texts of the Twenties and Thirties
Authors: duCille Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jazz. Blues. Boogie-woogie, black bottom, shimmy, shake, and mess around. Black bodies moving by the millions from southern shacks to northern slums, moving to the beat of the New Negro in a new world. Freud. Sex. Speakeasies and bootlegged gin. Marcus Garvey. Victory in Europe. Breadlines. Unemployment. Race riots and mob violence. Rent parties and literary salons. Detroit. Chicago. Home to Harlem. Nigger Heaven. The “authentic,” “real colored thing.” Josephine Baker. Ma Rainey. Bessie Smith. “Love Oh Love Oh Careless Aggravating Love.”
The Bourgeois, Wedding Bell Blues of Jessie Fauset and Nella Larsen
Authors: duCille Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is only through a disturbing twist of literary fate and intellectual history that Jessie Fauset and Nella Larsen have been criticized for not measuring up to the sexual and textual liberation of their blues-singing sisters. At another time, in another context, these two women authors might have been praised for their roles in advancing literary discourse toward a moment where black female desire could be boldly sung on the printed page as well as on the nightclub stage. Perpetually measured against Bessie Smith, on the one hand, and Zora Neale Hurston, on the other, however, Fauset and Larsen have rarely been read in terms of their own particular contributions to modernism, to American and African American literature, and to the development of the woman’s novel. In contrast to the raunchy lyrics of the blues and the graphic portraits of “low-class Negro life” painted by such male writers as Claude McKay, the fiction of Fauset and Larsen seems to some readers sexually stultified and anachronistically reticent. In the wider continuum of a womancentered literary history, however, Fauset’s and Larsen’s forays into the forbidden realm of female sexual desire appear progressive, counterconventional, perhaps the most courageous, if tentative, literary efforts to explore sexual politics from a female perspective since Kate Chopin published The Awakening in 1899.
Stoning the Romance: Passion, Patriarchy, and the Modern Marriage Plot
Authors: duCille Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Jessie Fauset and Nella Larsen are transitional figures whose novels form a bridge between the literary passionlessness of the 1890s and the sexual openness of the modern t:ra, Zora Neale Hurston is a pivotal point whose texts traverse the terrain between concern with the politics of sexuality, often covertly expressed in the fiction of black women writers of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the openly scathing critiques of erotic relations as the root of female oppression which characterize the contemporary black feminist text. But while critics have privileged Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God as the premier black feminist novel, in part because of its critique of the institution of marriage, few texts in the entire history of African American women’s fiction depict matrimony and childbearing as woman’s ruination more dramatically than Larsen’s Quicksand. Helga Crane, the novel’s troubled, sensual heroine, ultimately surrenders herself to and satisfies her sexual hunger through what seems the only legitimate outlet for that “nameless, shameful impulse”: marriage.
The Place of the Oedipal: Gide Writing Home From North Africa
Authors: Lucey Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In particular, I will be observing Gide’s relation to the oedipalizing narratives so familiar to many “Freudian” accounts of the arrival at “homosexuality.” My impression is that Gide perceives many of the ways such narratives deny, or at least work to dampen, many of the political complexities, much of the political potential, of sexuality; my impression is also that the Gidean text struggles in various ways against this dampening effect, against this possible denial. This struggle is what interests me in this chapter. I will be building on some of the considerations as to the confused temporality of sexuality from the last chapter; I will also be trying to elaborate the discussion of Gide’s relation to North Africa, though from a rather different angle. The main new departure here, one that plays an important role in making the analyses of future chapters possible, is my discussion of Gide’s ambivalent relation to female figures in the construction of his sexuality: ambivalent in that he finds certain things he might feel loyal to in the marginal status of certain female sexualities even as he feels an often violent urge to define himself over against the feminine. Si le grain ne meurt can be read as a form of self analysis, a place in which Gide tries to construct in narrative form an explanation of his own sexual development, or perhaps we should say a place where he confronts the difliculties that kind of explanatory effort inevitably involves. It is in the context of such difficulties, for instance, that one feels drawn to read the following scene, described by Gide on only the second or third page of his hook. The Gides are on a visit to his father’s side of the family in Uzes, and on this particular day they are visiting “!es cousins de Flaux”: Gide passes on immediately without comment, hut the scene resonates with many others in the book in which he writes as if to come to terms with his relationship to female sexuality and to his mother in particular. l would like here to draw a group of these scenes together in order to find out what precisely Gide thinks he can explain about his homosexuality-his struggle to fix on, accept, and account for a particular 01lject choice-by writing (often very obliquely) about his mother’s sexuality and his own relationship to it.
Without Delay: Les Faux-Monnayeurs, Lacan, And the Onset of Sexuality
Authors: Lucey Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now if all that Gide was doing was letting people know about his sexuality, there would, of course, be no real reason to concern oneself overlong (or at all) with the homosexuality present in his novel. Indeed, one of the more startling things about the bulk of the criticism since written on Les Faux-Monnayeurs is its consistently demonstrated ability to avoid mentioning homosexuality, or, if it should mention it, to avoid including it within the frame of the critical discussion of the novel, as if the subject had a relation only to the author, had only an inessential relation to the novel’s project. But finally the presence of homosexuality in Les Faux-Monnayeurs needs to be understood as more than an oblique and glancing form of personal confession. Like Si le grain ne meurt and Corydon, Les Faux-Monnayeurs is a text in which sexuality comes to he theorized. That the criticism demonstrates an insis­ tent inability or unwillingness to come to terms with this, as if it wanted to thwart at least the theoretical import of Gide’s effort at publicness, need not, though it often could, he understood as a conscious intention of an individual critic. It is more a product of the categories in which critical discussions of the novel tend to run, categories that function to marginalize any consideration of the novel’s theorization of sexuality, and that therefore need to be examined in their own right in order to understand how they allow or encourage a phobic distanciation from questions of sexuality in this novel. Take, for example, Alain Goulet’s Andre Gide, ‘‘Les Faux-Monnayeurs,” mode d’emploi (1991). In his opening biographical overview, Goulet positions Les Faux­ Monnayeurs quite clearly next to Corydon and Si le grain ne meurt: This passage is typical in many ways. First of all, by being included in Goulet’s opening biographical overview, and constituting in all its brevity one of the most substantial discussions of homosexuality in this “user’s manual,” this passage licenses the near complete exclusion of any discussion of homosexuality from those sections of Goulet’s book devoted to analysis or criticism.
Introduction
Authors: Moore R Laurence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I purposed to make a considerable stay here, it gratified me to learn that there is no longer the want of harmony between the townspeople and pilgrims Many passengers stop to take their pleasure or make their profit in the Fair, instead of going onward to the Celestial City. Indeed, such are the charms of the place, that people often affirm it to be the true and only heaven; stoutly contending that there is no other, that those who seek further are mere dreamers, and that, if the fabled brightness of the Celestial City lay but a bare mile beyond the gates of Vanity, they would not be fools enough to go thither.
Christianity Before 200: Invisibility and Adaptation
Authors: Finney Paul Corby 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We now turn to the material side of the discussion. In the present chapter the major fact that needs explaining is the absence of Christian art before the year 200. Previous efforts to explain this fact have varied in details, but one of the abiding temptations is to view absence of art as a sign of principled early Christian opposition to pictorial representation. In light of the discussion set forth in the previous four chapters, this explanation is no longer convincing; hence, we must seek a new interpretative paradigm that will make better sense of the material record as we have it.
The Earliest Christian Art
Authors: Finney Paul Corby 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of the third century (circa 190/200–210/220) a small group of Roman Christians commissioned and oversaw the execution of fresco paintings for the walls and ceilings of ten underground burial chambers1 within a catacomb complex situated on the Appia Antica (Figure 6.1 no. 44) southeast of Rome and named after Callistus,2 an ex-slave who also was bishop of Rome in the years approximately 217 to 222. Most of the paintings in these rooms have perished. Of those that survive, a few illustrate biblical subjects inspired either by the Hebrew Bible or the Gospels.
When Brothers Dwell Together
Authors: Greenspahn Frederick E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although primogeniture is commonly assumed to have prevailed throughout the world and firstborns are regarded as most likely to achieve success, many of the most prominent figures in biblical literature are younger offspring, including Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Samuel, David, and Solomon. Adducing evidence from a wide range of disciplines, this study demonstrates that ancient Israelite fathers were free to choose their primary heirs. Rather than being either legally mandated or a protest against the prevailing norm, the Bible’s propensity for younger offspring conforms to a widespread folk motif, evoking innocence, vulnerability, and destiny. Within the biblical context, this theme heightens God’s role in supporting ostensibly unlikely heroes. Drawing on the resources of law, anthropology, folklore, and linguistics, Greenspahn shows how these tales serve as complex parables of the relationship of God to his chosen people, also reflecting Israel’s own discomfort and confusion about the contradiction between its theology of election and the reality of political weakness.
The Last Shall Be First
Authors: Greenspahn Frederick E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pervasiveness of younger siblings throughout so much of biblical literature demands an explanation. However, the lack of conclusive evidence demonstrating the practice of either primogeniture or ultimogeniture in ancient Israel precludes interpreting this as either a reflection or a rejection of actual norms governing inheritance and succession. Fortunately, the biblical accounts do not need to be treated as an isolated phenomenon. The success of younger children is a common feature of popular literature around the world. Particularly in folktales one finds youngest sons succeeding at tasks their older brothers are unable to achieve, defying the odds to kill dragons or marry princesses.1
The Son God Has Chosen
Authors: Greenspahn Frederick E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The stories of younger childrens which so fill the pages of Genesis have been woven together into a common work with values similar to those found in several other biblical accounts, including those devoted to rival wives and the various hero narratives which comprise the book of Judges. Nontheless, it is reasonable t.o expect the younger sibling stories to have their own unique focus. The nature of that can be inferred from the prominent role accorded national concerns in so many of these accounts, such as the Jacob-Esau cycle, with its dominant characters standing for Israel and Edom.
Geography and the Sacred: Establishing Power Across the Roman Oikoumene
Authors: Edwards Douglas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Defining space plays a significant role in human society. How a people interpret their geographic surroundings illuminates how they perceive their world and their place in it. Territories (whether a site, a city, a region, or even an empire) were not neutral entities in the Graeco-Roman world. Often they were viewed as “having a relationship with the cosmos, religiously oriented and pervaded with sanctity. “
Cosmic Power Brokers: Human Agents and Divine Emissaries
Authors: Edwards Douglas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The divine world played an important role in the plethora of symbolic discourses between groups and individuals throughout the Roman Empire. Such activity needed interpreters and some system within which such agents could properly broker the power of the divine for the less informed. These agents were seen by groups as possessing special connections to the divine and sometimes were viewed as divine themselves. “That is why we even worship those persons as gods; for we consider that what has power to confer the greatest advantage is divine” (Epictetus 4.1.61). The particular power and special attributes of such emissaries depended on the history of the group, the circumstances in which an emissary worked, and the particular potent symbols operative for that group or that age.
T. S. Eliot and Hart Crane
Authors: Bromwich David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1940 T. S. Eliot had emerged as the representative English poet of modernism. This was one of those transitions that feel natural after they have happened that can seem to settle a reputation once and for all with a finality mysterious to readers who witnessed the struggle for fame. Of such a moment it is always fair to ask how far the climax it affords is a trick of retrospect, a shadow we mistake for a necessary part of the landscape. What if Eliot’s assimilation had occurred much faster? What if it had occurred more slowly, or on a more idiosyncratic basis? Eliot’s letters and occasional criticism are sown with doubt and wonder at the definitive quality of his triumph. The way a few of his poems joined with a few of his polemical essays to secure a unique place for his poetic achievement is one of those inspired accidents that history casts up from time to time to challenge our determinisms. Of course, this was the outcome Eliot desired all along. But the readers who first cared for his poetry must have seen the possibility of a different development.
Kipling in the History of Forms
Authors: Menand Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rudyard Kipling has a role in everyone’s notion of the history of modern British literature, but no one’s notion of the history of modern British literature depends on the role that Kipling plays. This has been the case pretty much universally since Kipling’s death in 1936. Many mighty engineers of critical taste since then have taken Kipling as a topic for serious appreciation, of course: in the early 1940s George Orwell, T. S. Eliot, and Edmund Wilson all proposed ways in which, by shortening the horizon of our critical expectations just enough, we might find rewards for taking an interest in Kipling’s work. More recently, and with a somewhat clearer conscience, Angus Wilson, Irving Howe, and Craig Raine have found admiring things to say about Kipling. But none of these considerations makes a historical claim about Kipling’s importance. What they make are taste claims.
Love, Politics, and Textual Corruption Mrs. O’Shea’s Parnell
Authors: Foster R F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yeats’s preoccupation with Parnell developed quite late in life; and though the Chief was already a haunting presence in the poems of 1913, representing an Anglo-Irish integrity supposedly lost to modern Irish politics, Parnell’s reception into the Yeatsian pantheon was given a more dramatic impetus the following year. For in May 1914 Parnell’s widow, Katharine, once notorious as “Kitty O’Shea” in the 1890 divorce case that shattered Parnell’s career, arrived back in the public eye with the publication of her memoir Charles Stewart Parnell: His Love Story and Political Life. Yeats, his father, and Lady Gregory all read the book avidly. I It affected the poet’s view of the private Parnell, of English hypocrisy, of the conflict of passion and will; and it supplied him with images that recur in The Trembling of the Veil and A Vision.2 Nor were the Yeats circle alone in their preoccupation. “Everyone is reading the O’Shea revelations;’ noted Wilfrid Scawen Blunt.3 Sales of the book were gratifyingly large, running into three printings and helped by prepublication serialization and widespread newspaper coverage.
Evangelical Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Rubin Julius H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evangelical anoretic was a Protestant whose experience of self, other, and world was informed by the vocabularies of an inner-worldly, mystical, pastoral theology. Those who attempted excessive fasting, or even fasting unto death, did so as part of a directed spiritual exercise that was to purify sin in a moment when God had withdrawn his love. The Protestant mystic fully expected that these obsessive rituals of purification would lead the soul through the inward progression of stages culminating in the state of mystical union. Since the unio mystica experience proved evanescent, the Protestant mystic understood religious life to be a continual repetition of these spiritual cycles. Anne Fremantle describes this experience as a journey from the “… dark nights of the senses, of the soul—the purifications, the progress from petitionary prayer to meditation to contemplation, from contemplation to infused prayer, and thence—for the proficient—to unitive prayer, to the mystic marriage, and finally, to a state of union.”1
Concluding Synthesis
Authors: Avery Dulles S J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amid the welter of questions, theories, and controversies about faith the reader could easily lose track of the main stream of concordant affirmation, which has been relatively constant down through the centuries, and may be recapitulated here by way of a conclusion. This final chapter will take the form of a summary of the principal points of this central tradition, viewed in the perspectives of the present author. The following brief, thesis-like propositions presuppose the more detailed exposition given in the previous pages.
Ingredients of Change
Authors: Olivelle Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The original āśrama system that we have just examined was subjected to radical changes when it was converted into what I have called its classical formulation. In this chapter I want to examine the historical circumstances that may have brought about or at least paved the way for those changes, including the disparity between the original āśrama theology and the institutions that it sought to regulate, and the increasing links between that theology and other aspects of Brahmai:iical ideology and institutions, especially the rites of passage.