bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased amounts of laminin in GCF from untreated patients with periodontitis
Authors: Figueredo C. M. S. , Gustafsson A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground/aims: Our aim was to compare the levels of laminin and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in GCF from inflamed shallow (GP) and deep pockets (PP) in patients with periodontitis to these levels in GCF from inflamed shallow pockets (GG) in subjects with gingivitis alone.Method: Lactoferrin was used as a marker for the number of neutrophils in the sites sampled. The periodontitis group consisted of 13 subjects, having at least 6 sites with a pocket depth 5 mm. The healthy control group consisted of 12 subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal destruction. GCF was collected with paper strips and the volume was measured immediately after sampling. Laminin, lactoferrin and IL‐8 were measured using specific antibodies with an ELISA.Results: The total amount of laminin was significantly higher in PP than in GG, but no significant difference was seen between GP and PP. The concentration and the total amounts of lactoferrin were similar in the three groups. The ratio between laminin and lactoferrin was higher in the samples from the patient, suggesting that neutrophils in patients are more activated and degrades more of the membrane per cell. The total amounts of IL‐8 were very similar in the 3 groups, while the concentration also tended to be higher in the GP.Conclusions: Our study showed higher amounts of laminin in GCF from patients with periodontitis suggesting the presence of hyperactive neutrophils during the transmigration process through the endothelium/epithelium.
Topical metronidazole application as an adjunct to scaling and root planing
Authors: Stelzel Michael , Florès‐de‐Jacoby Lavin 
Published: March 2003

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 2 applications of a metronidazole 25% dental gel as adjunctive therapy to subgingival scaling with root planing.Method: 59 of the original collective of 64 patients with adult periodontitis were observed for a 9‐month period. This randomised single‐blind study was carried out in split‐mouth design. Each patient had to have at least 2 pockets with a probing depth of 5 mm in each quadrant. The clinical parameters, pocket probing depth (PPD), attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded at all teeth on days 0, 91, 175 and 259; in addition, subgingival plaque samples taken from 45 patients were analysed by means of dark‐field microscopy. Therapy comprised subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) of all quadrants and additional application of metronidazole 25% dental gel in 2 randomly selected quadrants (SRP+Metro). Treatment was confined to teeth with a baseline PPD of 5 mm. Average PPD and AL and the incidence of BOP were computed for all pockets with a baseline PPD of 5 mm, and the 2 methods compared. The main efficacy variable for evaluation of the 2 treatments was the difference in PPD on day 259.Results: Comparison of the 2 treatments revealed a statistically significant improvement in the clinical parameters for both treatment methods over the study period. Between baseline and day 259, significant differences in PPD (SRP+Metro: from 6.00 to 4.63 mm, SRP: from 6.02 to 4.83 mm) and BOP (SRP+Metro: from 67 to 31%, SRP: from 64 to 36%) were observed between the 2 treatment groups. Evaluation according to different patient groups demonstrated significant advantages of the combined therapy in previously‐untreated patients, especially in female probands. Dark‐field microscopy revealed a shift in the bacterial flora towards “healthy conditions”.Conclusions: The results show that only minor advantages are to be gained from the application of a metronidazole 25% dental gel as adjunctive therapy to subgingival scaling. The distinctly better results of combined therapy in previously‐untreated patients calls for more thorough investigation.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans‐associated peri‐implantitis in an edentulous patient
Authors: Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Wolf J. W. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Peri‐implantitis is a risk factor for implant loss. Late bacterial infection of the peri‐implant tissues and loss of alveolar bone in edentulous patients is caused by commensal oral anaerobic bacteria. In partially edentulous patients, Porphyromonas gingivalis and occasionally Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are associated with peri‐implantitis lesions.Aims: To investigate the microbiology of a peri‐implantitis case in an edentulous patient.Methods: Anaerobic culture techniques and selective culture techniques for A. actinomycetemcomitans were used to study the peri‐implant microflora at sites with and without bone loss.Results: An anaerobic peri‐implant microflora with several putative periodontal pathogens was found at sites with bone loss. Furthermore, a metronidazole‐resistant A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated. The A. actinomycetemcomitans infection did not respond to systemic doxycycline therapy, despite good susceptibility in vitro.Conclusions: The present case of severe A. actinomycetemcomitans‐associated peri‐implantitis shows the importance of pre‐operative infection control. The findings in this case show that remaining teeth affected by periodontitis can be a serious risk factor for peri‐implantitis.
Chemokine RANTES in gingival crevicular fluid of adult patients with periodontitis
Authors: Gamonal J. , Bascones A. , Jorge O. , Silva A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: This study presents the first evidence on the presence of the chemokine RANTES in the gingival fluid crevicular (GCF) of patients with periodontitis. RANTES is a chemokine that selectively attracts and activates macrophages and lymphocytes. Leucocytes play a critical rôle in the host response to the subgingival microflora.Method: In this study, the presence de RANTES in GCF was determined in samples obtained from adult patients with periodontitis and from control subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. GCF was collected from different probing depths (<3 mm, 4–6 mm, >6 mm) (n=72); and active (n=12) and inactive sites (n=12). An active site was defined as attachment loss >2 mm, as determined by sequential probing and the tolerance method. GFC was collected for 30 s using Periopaper® strips, and RANTES was quantified by ELISA.Results: The presence of RANTES was detected exclusively in the group of patients with periodontitis, presenting a total amount of 40.43±16 pg and a concentration 67.80±41 pg/μl. RANTES concentration was significantly higher in probing depth <3 mm than in probing depth >6 mm (87.24 versus 51.87, p=0.014). Total amount and concentration in the GCF samples from active sites were higher that in inactive sites (p>0.05).Conclusions: The finding that RANTES is found only in patients with periodontitis, may represent a general feature of chronic inflammatory in periodontal diseases. Finally, RANTES may be implicated in the biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease.
Humoral immunity host factors in subjects with failing or successful titanium dental implants
Authors: Kronström Mats , Svensson Björn , Erickson Eve , Houston Laura , Braham Pamela , Persson G. Rutger 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Treatment with titanium dental implants is in general successful. However, an unknown number of implants do not integrate and are removed either by exfoliation or at the time of second stage surgery. It would be of importance to identify subjects at risk and predict early implant failure.Methods: In a retrospective study serum IgG antibody titers and avidity in sera from 40 subjects who had experienced titanium dental implant treatments with non‐osseo‐integration as the outcome (NOTI) and in sera from 40 age and gender matched control subjects who had received successful titanium dental implants (SOTI) were studied. Serum IgG titers to whole cell Actinomyces viscosus, Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus intermedius sonicated antigen preparations were studied by ELISA.Results: Serum IgG antibody titers to S. aureus were significantly higher in subjects with SOTI than in NOTI (p<0.001) suggesting that higher titers indicate protection against implant failure as a result of S. aureus infection. Statistically significant higher serum IgG antibody avidity to P. gingivalis and B. forsythus were found in subjects with SOTI than in subjects with NOTI (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate antibody titer or avidity differences to the other pathogens studied. The likelihood that SOTI was associated with a high OD reading for S. aureus was 13.1:1 (p<0.001). Whether subjects were edentulous or not, or if they had lost teeth because of periodontitis or caries did not seem to matter.Conclusion: Serum IgG antibodies relative to B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and S. aureus may be associated with the outcome of implant procedures and explain why early implant failures occur.
Autocrine growth factors in human periodontal ligament cells cultured on enamel matrix derivative
Authors: Lyngstadaas Staale P. , Lundberg Eva , Ekdahl Helena , Andersson Christer , Gestrelius Stina 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: Enamel extracellular matrix proteins in the form of the enamel matrix derivative EMDOGAIN® (EMD) have been successfully employed to mimic natural cementogenesis to restore fully functional periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone in patients with severe periodontitis. When applied to denuded root surfaces EMD forms a matrix that locally facilitates regenerative responses in the adjacent periodontal tissues. The cellular mechanism(s), e.g. autocrine growth factors, extracellular matrix synthesis and cell growth, underlying PDL regeneration with EMD is however poorly investigated.Material and Methods: Human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured on EMD and monitored for cellular attachment rate, proliferation, DNA replication and metabolism. Furthermore, intracellular cyclic‐AMP levels and autocrine production of selected growth factors were monitored by immunological assays. Controls included PDL and epithelial cells in parallel cultures.Results: PDL cell attachment rate, growth and metabolism were all significantly increased when EMD was present in cultures. Also, cells exposed to EMD showed increased intracellular cAMP signalling and autocrine production of TGF‐β1, IL‐6 and PDGF AB when compared to controls. Epithelial cells increased cAMP and PDGF AB secretion when EMD was present, but proliferation and growth were inhibited.Conclusion: Cultured PDL cells exposed to EMD increase attachment rate, growth rate and metabolism, and subsequently release several growth factors into the medium. The cellular interaction with EMD generates an intracellular cAMP signal, after which cells secrete TGF‐β1, IL‐6 and PDGF AB. Epithelial cell growth however, is inhibited by the same signal. This suggest that EMD favours mesenchymal cell growth over epithelium, and that autocrine growth factors released by PDL cells exposed to EMD contribute to periodontal healing and regeneration in a process mimicking natural root development.
Subgingival polishing compared to scaling with steel curettes: a clinical pilot study
Authors: Kocher Thomas , König Jörgen , Hansen Peter , Rühling Andreas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Recently, we have developed teflon‐coated sonic scaler inserts which remove plaque without removing tooth substance; they polish subgingivally. In a preclinical test, we showed that these modified inserts remove plaque nearly as effectively as do conventional sonic scaler inserts. The present investigation was intended as a proof‐of‐principle of subgingival polishing. The aim was to study the effect of subgingival polishing on the resolution of gingival inflammation in comparison to conventional scaling.Material and methods: In 10 patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease, who had at least 2 single‐rooted teeth with a probing depth of >6 mm in each quadrant, all single‐rooted teeth were subjected to one treatment regimen consisting of 2 instrumentation episodes (1st/2nd treatment): curette/curette, curette/teflon‐coated sonic scaler, teflon‐coated sonic scaler/teflon‐coated sonic scaler, and an untreated control. The second treatment session was performed 3 months after the first instrumentation, and the final registration 3 months after the second instrumentation. Clinical measurements included probing depth, change of clinical attachment level, bleeding upon probing, and plaque scores.Results: Probing depth, attachment level, and bleeding scores were reduced in the 3 instrumentation groups versus the control group in the 1st period; in the 2nd period, no further change occurred. Subgingival polishing with teflon‐coated sonic scaler inserts was slightly less effective than conventional scaling.Conclusion: Subgingival polishing with teflon‐coated sonic scaler inserts seems to be nearly as effective as conventional scaling. Thus, it may be the instrumentation of choice for maintenance treatment of residual pockets.
A comparative in vitro study of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling instrument
Authors: Busslinger André , Lampe Kathrin , Beuchat Michel , Lehmann Barbara 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The effects of magnetostrictive ultrasonic instruments and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments on tooth surfaces seem to differ with regards to root debridement.Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaling instrument with a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling instrument and a hand curette regarding time taken, calculus removal, tooth surface roughness (Ra), and SEM examination before and after instrumentation.Methods: 30 extracted human teeth with subgingival calculus were assigned to one of three treatment groups (n=10). The working force was standardised for both ultrasonic instruments at 200 g and for the curette at 500 g.Results: The results revealed that the time needed for instrumentation was 126.1±38.2 s for the curette, significantly more than for the piezoelectric ultrasonic instrument (74.1±27.6 s; p<0.05) and 104.9±25.4 s for the magnetostrictive ultrasonic instrument. Remaining calculus was similar for all three groups. The end Ra values were significantly worse for the piezoelectric instrument (2.02±0.41; p<0.05) compared to 1.42±0.48 for the curette and 1.36±0.41 for the magnetostrictive instrument. The SEM examination revealed the smoothest surfaces but, subjectively, the most tooth substance loss after the curette, followed by the magnetostrictive instrument, with the least substance loss, and then the piezoelectric instrument, with medium substance loss.Conclusion: The piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler was more efficient than the magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler in removing calculus but left the instrumented tooth surface rougher.
Mutans streptococci in subgingival plaque of treated and untreated patients with periodontitis
Authors: Van Der Reijden W. A. , Dellemijn‐Kippuw N. , Stijne‐van Nes A. M. , De Soet J. J. , Van Winkelhoff A. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The etiology of root caries is thought to be identical to coronal caries, though root caries seem to be more complicated because of the higher susceptibility of exposed roots (dentin) by periodontal therapy to demineralization than intact enamel. This implies that mutans streptococci are the most likely pathogens in the development of root caries. Although it is known that both the numbers of mutans streptococci and the frequency of isolation in root caries lesions are negatively correlated with the distance from the gingival margin, the subgingival sulcus has not been considered a possible habitat for mutans streptococci. However, subgingival occurence of mutans streptococci in both untreated and treated periodontal patients has not been documented well in the literature.Objective: To investigate the presence and levels of mutans streptococci in the subgingival plaque of patients (n=154) in different stages of periodontal therapy. The subgingival sulcus may be a possible habitat for mutans streptococci. This localisation of mutans streptococci may be of importance in the development of root caries after periodontal surgery.Materials and methods:In this cross‐sectional study, subgingival plaque samples from 154 consecutive adult periodontitis patients were tested for presence and levels of mutans streptococci and putative periodontal pathogens by anaerobic cultures. These patients were divided into 4 groups based on their stage of periodontal treatment: (1) untreated patients; (2) patients after initial periodontal therapy only; (3) patients in the maintenance phase who not underwent periodontal surgery; (4) patients after periodontal surgery.Results: The prevalence of mutans streptococci in the 4 study groups varied from 82% in untreated patients to 94% in maintenance patients. The mean proportion of mutans streptococci was 6.65% in maintenance patients versus 1.86% in untreated patients (p=0.005) and 2.51% in patients after scaling and root planing (p=0.041).Conclusions: The subgingival area is a microbial habitat for mutans streptococci that may be of importance in the development of root caries in periodontitis patients.
Reliability of assessing interproximal bone loss by digital radiography: intrabony defects
Authors: Wolf Britta , Bethlenfalvy Eric von , Hassfeld Stefan , Staehle Hans Jörg , Eickholz Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to assess the reproducibility and validity of linear measurements of interproximal bone loss in intrabony defects on digitized radiographic images after application of different filters and magnifications.Methods: Immediately before surgery 50 radiographs of 50 periodontally diseased teeth exhibiting interproximal intrabony defects were obtained by a standardized technique in 50 patients. Intrasurgically the distances from the cementoenamel‐junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest (AC) and from the CEJ to the deepest extension of the bony defect (BD) were assessed. All radiographs were digitized by a flatbed scanner (resolution: 600×1200 dpi). Using the FRIACOM‐soft ware, the linear distances CEJ to AC and CEJ to BD were measured at 50 intrabony defects on digitized but unchanged radiographic images and also after use of 2 different basic image processing modes (filters: enhancement of grey level differences, spreading of grey values) with 7‐fold and 14‐fold magnification by 2 different examiners.Results: Repeated measures MANOVA revealed reproducibility of the measurement of the distance CEJ to AC to be significantly influenced by examiner (p=0.027) and filter in combination with the height of 2 wall component of the intrabony defect (p=0.066). For the distance CEJ to BD filters had significant influence on reproducibility in correlation with vertical angulation difference (p=0.001). On the average in this study radiographic measurements tended to overestimate the amount of bone loss as assessed by intrasurgical measurements (CEJ‐AC: 0.74–1.91 mm; CEJ‐DB: −0.04–0.77 mm). Validity of measurement of the distance CEJ‐AC was shown to be significantly influenced by the depth of the intrabony defect (p<0.003). Validity of the distance CEJ‐BD was significantly influenced by intrasurgically assessed bone loss (p=0.029), horizontal angulation (p=0.066). Filters influenced the validity only in combination with examiner (p<0.001).Conclusions: In this study, the chosen digital manipulations (filters: spreading, structure) of radiographic images failed to result in statistically significantly more reproducible or valid measurements of interproximal bone loss within intrabony defects when compared to the digitized but unchanged images. All radiographic assessments on the digitized images except for use of enhancement of grey level differences (structure) came close to the intrasurgical gold standard.
Multivariate analysis of oral hygiene data from a representative sample*
Authors: Wolf Burkhard H. , Rieger Christian , Boening Klaus W. , Walter Michael H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: This analysis was based on an oral health survey with dental examination and interview by questionnaire.Method: The data set comprised a representative random sample of the over 14‐year‐old residents of the German Federal State of Saxony (n=714), in which a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. The dependent variable was the debris index (DI) score of the oral hygiene index scoring system. The subjects were split into 2 groups by dividing DI scores into tertiles: those with acceptable oral hygiene (1st tertile, DI 0.001.20) and unacceptable oral hygiene (2nd and 3rd tertile, DI>1.20). The most important explanatory variable was the community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN).Results: The higher the CPITN score, the lower the probability of acceptable oral hygiene. In relation to the reference category score 0, higher CPITN scores were associated with acceptable oral hygiene, with an odds ratio 0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.01–0.23) for CPITN score 1, and an odds ratio 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01–0.08) for score 4. Further significant variables were: self‐evaluation of tooth condition, gender, and the number of missing teeth.
Postnatal glutamate‐induced central nervous system lesions alter periodontal disease susceptibility in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Breivik Torbjørn , Thrane Per S. , Gjermo Per , Fonnum Frode 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Inability to mount a suitable brain‐neuroendocrine response to bacterial or other antigenic challenges has been found to play an important rôle in infectious and inflammatory disease susceptibility and progression, including periodontal disease.Objective: The present study was designed to determine the effects of glutamate administration to new‐born Wistar rats on the development and progression of naturally occurring and ligature‐induced periodontal disease in the rats as adults. Postnatal glutamate administration is known to permanently damage neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.Method: New‐born rats were treated 1× daily subcutaniously with 2 mg/g of monosodium‐L‐glutamate (MSG) for 5 days from day 3 to 6. Control animals were injected with similar amounts of saline. Experimental ligature‐induced periodontal disease was induced in the rats at the age of 12 weeks at maxillary right 2nd molar teeth. The contralateral maxillary left 2nd molars served as control teeth, and for assessment of naturally occurring periodontal disease. Disease progression was evaluated histometrically.Results: The results revealed that the glutamate‐lesioned rats developed significantly more periodontal tissue destruction compared to sham‐lesioned control rats in both the ligated and non‐ligated teeth.Conclusions: This study supports our resent findings indicating that inappropriate brain‐neuroendocrine‐immune regulation may play a rôle in periodontal disease susceptibility and progression.