bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population health interventions to curb intake of sugars: Gaps in the evidence
Authors: Kirkpatrick Sharon , Maynard Merryn , Raffoul Amanda , Stapleton Jackie 
Published: November 2023

There is currently considerable attention focused on the role of sugars in health, including obesity and cardiovascular disease, and accordingly, the potential for population health interventions to curb sugars consumption. A rapid scoping review of systematic reviews related to interventions targeting sugar was conducted to identify gaps in the existing evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions. The databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic review articles related to interventions to reduce sugars intake, published in English over an eleven‐year period (January 2005 to December 2015). Sixteen systematic reviews meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. The interventions included price changes, initiatives to alter specific food environments, health promotion and education, and initiatives to limit exposure to advertising. A common thread among the reviews is the limited scope of available evidence combined with the heterogeneity of methods used in existing studies, including lack of consensus on definitions and measures used for sugars intake. There is a paucity of data on how interventions are implemented and the ways in which they interact with contextual factors, which hinders conclusions about how interventions introduced in one jurisdiction might function in another. Further, little is known about differential effects of interventions for population subgroups and potential compensatory behaviours on the part of both consumers and the food industry. Given current gaps in the evidence, implementation of interventions that show promise in terms of reducing intake of sugars should be accompanied by careful monitoring to assess intended and unintended consequences, including those related to equity. The application of a systems lens might be useful for considering the broad array of factors that impact the planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions to alter sugars consumption and associated outcomes, including body weight.Support or Funding InformationThis research was completed under contract with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes.
Impact of the National Crusade Against Hunger on Dietary Diversity in Mexican Women
Authors: del Carmen Morales‐Ruán María , Tapía Brenda Martínez , Rosas Verónica Mundo , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Gómez‐Humarán Ignacio Mendez 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe National Crusade Against Hunger (CNCH by its Spanish initials) is a strategy developed by the Mexican government to combat the causes of extreme poverty and food insecurity through social programs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of CNCH on dietary diversity in women of reproductive age.Material and methodsOur study sample consisted of 2300 women between the ages of 12 and 49 years. Some were heads of households benefiting from CNCH; the others lived in highly and very highly marginalized municipalities not yet covered by CNCH. The study analyzed four comparison groups taking into account periods of assessment. Groups 1, CNCH_2014 (intervention), and 2, Comparison_2014 (control), were assessed in 2014; Groups 3, CNCH_2015, and 4, Comparison_2015, were assessed the following year.We applied a questionnaire to the female heads of CNCH beneficiary households to probe the weekly frequency of their food intake (FIF). Dietary diversity was measured according to a validated index (DDI) of nine food groups: (1) cereals, (2) leguminous vegetables, (3) dairy products, (4) meats and eggs, (5) fruit and vegetables, (6) fats and oils, (7) sugar‐sweetened beverages, (8) candy and sugar and (9) eggs. In order to estimate CNCH impact on dietary diversity, we used a differences‐in‐differences estimator combined with generalized linear models.ResultsThe food groups most frequently consumed during the 2014 period were cereals (89.4% of CNCH_2014 and 86.4% of Comparison_2014); fruit and vegetables and sugar‐sweetened beverages (80% of both groups); leguminous vegetables (71.9% of CNCH_2014 and 74.4% of Comparison_2014); and dairy products (66.3% of both groups). One year later, we found that 90% of women from CNCH_2015 and Comparison_2015 consumed the following groups: fruit and vegetables, cereals, sugar‐sweetened beverages and meat; 80% of both groups consumed dairy products.After adjusting a linear model for observing CNCH impact, we found that, on average, women from CNCH_2015 consumed more food groups than those from CNCH_2014 (p<0.04). We also found that, overall, CNCH women were more likely than non‐CNCH women to consume fruit and vegetables, dairy products, leguminous vegetables and fat (p<0.05).ConclusionCNCH social food support programs have a positive impact on dietary diversity among beneficiaries. Programs include the Liconsa Milk Supply Program, the Food Support Program, the PROSPERA Social Inclusion Program, and food distribution programs implemented through the National System for Integral Family Development.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Ministry of Social Development
The Association between Children's Weight Status Awareness and Nutritional, Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior in Rural Taiwan
Authors: Yang Hsing‐Yu , Lin Yu‐Chun , Wu Hui‐Chao , Chen Hsin‐Jen 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the association between children's weight status awareness and nutritional, physical activity (PA) knowledge, attitude and behavior in rural Taiwan.MethodsIn 2016, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey on schoolchildren aged 8–10, who attended rural, remote elementary schools in northern Taiwan (n=230). Weight and height of the children were measured, and Body Mass Index was calculated. Children's weight statuses were classified in two groups as underweight/normal (non‐overweight) and overweight/obese (overweight), based on the International Obesity Task Force's definition. Their self‐perceived weight statuses were compared with the measured weight statuses. Children's knowledge, preference and behaviors related to healthy diet and PA were assessed based on a self‐administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for covariates: gender, age, and children's perceived norms and environment toward healthy eating and active living (including the health behaviors of the adults at home, the expectations on the child's health behaviors by the adults at home, the teacher's expectations on child's health behaviors, and the anti‐obesogenic environment in the family.)ResultsPrevalence of overweight and obesity in this study population was 42.3%. Among the children, 87.2% perceived their weight status correctly. The results below were compared to children whose measured weight status and awareness were consistent as non‐overweight. Children who were overweight but self‐perceived as non‐overweight had lower nutritional and PA knowledge (ß:−1.76 p=0.007). Children who were measured overweight and self‐perceiving as overweight had a lower score of PA behaviors (ß:−0.83 p=0.046). Children without overweight but self‐perceived as overweight had a lower score in the preference in healthy diet and PA (ß:−5.12 p=0.005).ConclusionsChildren's self‐awareness of weight status was associated with their knowledge, preference and behavior related to healthy diet and PA. Therefore, educators should enhance the children's self‐awareness of their own weight status.Support or Funding InformationTaiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 104‐2314‐B‐715‐006‐MY3); Mackay Medical College (RD 1020037)
Maternal perception of child overweight status and its impact on parenting practices, their children's health behaviors and weight change in China
Authors: Min Jungwon , Wang Vivian HC , Xue Hong , Mi Jie , Wang Youfa 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesChildhood obesity rate has been increasing rapidly in China, but understanding is limited on how parents perceive their child's weight status and how this perception affects parenting practices. This study examined maternal perception of her child's weight status, its association with demographic characteristics and its effects on subsequent parenting practices, the child's health behaviors and weight change.MethodsMaternal and child perceptions of child's weight status and health behaviors from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys were assessed at baseline and in follow‐up surveys for 816 6–18 years old children during 2004–2011. Child weight status was defined as underweight, normal weight and overweight using the IOTF BMI cut‐offs. Associations were tested using mixed models.ResultsOverall, maternal and child perceptions of the child's weight status were consistent (weighted kappa=0.56, p<0.001). While 9.6% of mothers perceived their child as overweight, 10.9% of children did so, and 13.6% of children were indeed overweight based on measured BMI and related cut points classifying the condition. Compared to mothers who viewed their children as normal weight, mothers who thought their children were overweight were more likely to encourage their children to increase their physical activity (PA) (OR (95% CI)= 1.8 (1.0–3.3)) and to diet (OR= 4.3 (2.3–7.8)). Children perceived as overweight by their mothers were more likely to have insufficient PA (OR= 2.8 (1.6–4.7)), and gain more weight during follow‐up (beta (SE) of BMI‐Z= 1.0 (0.1), p<0.001) than children perceived by their mothers as normal weight.ConclusionsIn China, mothers who perceive their child as overweight are more likely to encourage their child to exercise and modify their diet for weight management, but this encouragement does not seem to improve child's health behaviors and weight status.Support or Funding InformationNIH, U54 HD070725.
Obesity and Weight Loss Pre‐Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Tantisattamo Ekamol 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundWeight loss in obese patients is generally required to become eligible for kidney transplantation; however, but followed‐up data pre‐transplantation is limited.MethodsKidney transplant recipients in 2015 were consecutively reviewed. Weight, height, and BMI were obtained at the time of kidney transplantation and yearly up to 6 years pre‐transplantation.ResultsA total of 70 patients were included. Mean age was 52.7±1.4 years (mean±SEM) and 41 patients were male (58.6%). Mean weight at the time of transplant was 81.22±2.28 kg (42–132.3) and BMI was 27.64±0.67 kg/m2 (16.6–48.3) kg/m2. The majority of the patients (38.6%) were overweight and 1/3 were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2). The remaining had normal weight. All patients had ≥1‐measured weight at 1‐year pre‐transplantation and the followed‐up weight ranged 1–6 years pre‐kidney transplantation. Compared to non‐obese patients, obese patients appeared to lose more weight ranging from 4.47 kg at 1‐y pre‐transplant to 23.62 kg at 6‐year pre‐transplantation with statistical significance at 2, 3, 5, and 6 years pre‐transplantation (p=0.0001, 0.0062, 0.0020, and 0.0154, respectively; Figure 1). In obese patients with weight loss, mean weight change (ΔWt = weight at the time of transplant – weight at 1 to 6 years pre‐transplant; −ΔWt) trended to decrease from 6‐ through 1‐year pre‐transplantation indicating progressive weight loss toward the time of kidney transplantation. Similarly, obese patients with weight gain trended to have decrease in mean weight change (+ΔWt) during follow up from 6‐year pre‐transplant toward the time of transplantation (Figure 2).ConclusionsDuring pre‐kidney transplant waiting time, obese patients trend to lose more weight than non‐obese patients. Additionally, more weight loss or less weight gain in obese patients who losing and gaining weight, respectively were progressive toward the time of kidney transplantation. Therefore, obesity should not automatically exclude the patients from becoming kidney transplant candidates.
Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Impacts Plasma Fatty Acid Ethanolamides and Body Composition in Golden Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Sihag Jyoti , Jones Peter JH 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) possess roles in energy regulation, however, the nutritional efficacy of various blends of oils on 7 key FAE levels altogether and their effects on body weight have not been characterized.ObjectiveTo assess the response of circulating levels of 7 FAEs, as well as food intake, fat oxidation, and body composition, to diets differing in dietary fatty acid composition.MethodTo address these objectives an animal trial (n=115) using different dietary oils was carried out. Animals consumed for two months (i) corn+safflower (C+S), (ii) flaxseed oil+safflower oil (F+S), (iii) regular canola oil (RC), (iv) high oleic canola oil (HOCO), (v) high oleic canola oil+DHA (H+DHA), (vi) high oleic canola oil+EPA (H+EPA), or (vii) olive oil (OO). Respiratory gas exchange was assessed for each animal to determine percentage fat oxidation (%FO) and carbohydrate oxidation (%CO). Total dietary fatty acid profile was assessed using GC‐FID. Plasma FAE levels were analyzed by UPLC‐MS/MS.ResultsPlasma oleoylethanolamide (OEA) levels were found to be the highest (p<0.05) with the OO as well as HOCO treatments. Also, diminished (p<0.05) food intake was observed in groups fed OO and HOCO treatments. Highest (p<0.05) fat mass was observed in C+S treatment when compared with F+S and OO treatments. Elevated (p<0.05) %FO was observed in OO treatment followed by H+EPA, H+DHA, F+S, and HOCO feeding when compared with C+S. Overall, among all dietary treatments, eicosapentaenoylethanolamide (EPEA) levels associated with increased food intake (r = 0.31024, p<0.0010). Also, across all dietary treatments, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) showed negative correlations with EPEA and docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA), r = −0.33394 (p<0.0004) and r = −0.33320 (p<0.0013), respectively.ConclusionReduced food intake with the HOCO treatment, together with increased OEA concentrations, suggest anorexic properties of monounsaturated fat containing oils. Data show that AEA is associated with EPEA and DHEA concentrations; these associations might affect the food intake thereby modulating appetite. Similar findings observed during the feeding of OO, HOCO, and HOCO with omega‐3 fatty acids blends confirm the efficacy of HOCO in providing satiety alike OO. Therefore, it is concluded that incorporation of HOCO into diets could be valuable for the maintenance of healthy body weight and improve overall wellness similar to OO.Support or Funding InformationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Television Watching is Positively Associated with Body Composition among Adults with High Genetic Predisposition to Obesity: Population‐based Study in South China
Authors: Xue Hongmei , Zhang Jieyi , Li Danting , Luo Jiao , Cheng Guo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveGenetic predisposition and environmental factors (i.e. physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB)) are important contributors to adulthood obesity. Previous studies on gene‐lifestyle interaction and obesity have focused mostly on the FTO gene and PA, whereas little attention has been paid to SB, particular in China. We examined whether the SB was associated with body composition measures among Chinese adults and whether these associations were modified by genetic predisposition.MethodsData on total time of SB, non‐screen based SB, screen‐based SB and specific types of screen‐based SB (television watching, computer/phone using), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and dietary intake of 2423 Chinese adults (56.34% women) aged 25–65 years were obtained by validated questionnaires. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI). Genetic risk scores (GRS weighted) were calculated on 9 loci confirmed to be associated with obesity in populations of Chinese. Multivariable linear generalized regression models were used to examine the association between SB, MVPA and body composition measures among adults with different genetic susceptibility.ResultsTime spent on television watching was positively associated with body composition measures among adults with a high obesity GRSweighted after adjustment for gender, age, family monthly income, occupation, smoking status, MVPA energy expenditure and total energy intake (p<0.03, n=1084). That is, for each hour increment in television watching was associated with approximately 0.19 kg/m2 higher BMI, 0.23% higher %BF, 0.12 kg/m2 higher FMI and 0.07 kg/m2 higher FFMI, respectively. Total time of SB, non‐screen based SB, screen‐based SB and computer/phone using was not related to any body composition measures among Chinese adults in the present analysis.ConclusionOur study indicates that television watching is of relevance for body composition among Chinese adults with high genetic predispositions to obesity.Support or Funding InformationAll phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81472976)
Does Higher Protein Quality Breakfast Reduce Energy Intake When Following a Weight Loss Diet Plan
Authors: Bailey Dylan , Childress Allison , Shastri Anuradha , Anderson Gates , Hegde Vijay , Dawson John A , Dhurandhar Nikhil V 
Published: November 2023

Quality of protein in eggs is superior to those in cereals. An egg breakfast (EB) matched for energy density to a cereal breakfast (CB), acutely induces greater satiety and, leads to greater weight loss on a reduced energy diet. When EB and CB were matched for macronutrient composition (but not for protein quality) in addition to energy density, EB acutely reduced markers of hunger and enhanced those of satiety, including acylated ghrelin and Peptide YY 3–36 (PYY 3–36), the hunger and satiety hormones, respectively. However, these effects in presence of calorie restriction are unknown. As a preliminary study, 10 women (BMI ≥ 25) were randomized to consume an EB or CB for one week, and then reversed to receive the opposite breakfast for an additional week. Baseline anthropometrics were measured and counseling on a reduced energy diet by a Registered Dietitian occurred on day 0. On days 7 and 14, ad libitum lunch and dinner were offered. Energy intake (EI), anthropometrics, blood, and subjective hunger and satiety scores were measured. Blood was assessed for hunger and satiety hormones, as well as glucose. Using linear mixed effects models, treatment effects and potential time and carryover effects were assessed. VAS measures used to assess hunger and satiety scores, as well as blood data, were converted into area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC). Blood data from 8 subjects were included in the final analysis. No significant effect of EB on EI at lunch (+29 kcal, p=0.581), dinner (−86 kcal, p=0.083) or on total EI (−57 kcal, p=0.45), was observed. A carryover effect, where EB induced less dinner consumption if consumed on second week as treatment, was noticed but not significant. Participants reported feeling less hungry and less capable of eating more after EB, but these were not significant. AUC values suggested increased fullness on EB week (p=0.056), compared to CB. There was no significant effect of EB on blood appetite hormones or glucose up to 120 minutes after ingestion (Active Ghrelin [pg/ml] AUC −209 (−911, 494); p=0.51; Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [pM] AUC −86 (−325, 154); p=0.43; Glucose [mg/dl] AUC‐396 (−1457, 665); p=0.41; Insulin [μU/ml] AUC −568 (−1806, 670); p=0.32; PYY3–36 [pg/ml] AUC +662 (−1052, 2376); p=0.39). While none of the differences reached statistical significance, as predicted EB resulted in less feeling of hunger, reduced EI, less hunger hormone and greater satiety hormones profile. This suggested that a larger sample size and longer duration study would assist in accuracy of conclusions.Support or Funding InformationEgg Nutrition Center
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in FADS2, CETP and LPL and the Associations with Blood Lipids and Fatty Acids Differ in a Sex‐Specific Manner
Authors: Klingel Shannon Lee , Roke Kaitlin , Mutch David M 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveBlood lipid and fatty acid profiles are strongly influenced by diet and genes. The current investigation examined if common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked to fatty acid metabolism are associated with blood lipids and fatty acids in a sex‐specific manner.MethodsFasted serum samples were used to analyze blood lipids and red blood cells (RBCs) were used to measure fatty acid profiles in 94 adults (19–30 yrs). A panel of 23 SNPs in 17 genes linked to fatty acid metabolism were examined by linear regression for genotype‐sex interactions.ResultsHDL‐c levels were higher in women than men, while the total cholesterol/HDL‐c ratio showed the opposite relationship (p<0.01). Numerous sex‐specific differences in RBC fatty acids, as well as various desaturase/elongase activity estimates, were also observed (p<0.01). The following SNPs showed statistically significant genotype‐sex interactions: 1) rs328 in LPL with HDL‐c levels (pinteraction=0.0478), 2) rs1800775 in CETP with the total cholesterol/HDL‐c ratio (pinteraction=0.0329), and 3) rs174575 in FADS2 with estimated desaturase activity (pinteraction=0.048). Further, rs174537 in FADS1 and rs3211956 in CD36 were significantly associated with RBC arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels, respectively, but not in a sex‐specific manner.ConclusionOur findings suggest that studying genetic variants may help elucidate sex‐specific risks in cardiometabolic complications. Consequently, this information can be used to guide the development of sex‐specific dietary recommendations to prevent and/or mitigate cardiometabolic risk.Support or Funding InformationSupported by OMAFRA.