bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutation of Eil1 transcription factor genes affects exogenous ethylene tolerance and early flower senescence in Campanula portenschlagiana
Authors: Holme Inger B. , Ingvardsen Christina R. , Dionisio Giuseppe , Podzimska‐Sroka Dagmara , Kristiansen Kell , Feilberg Anders , Brinch‐Pedersen Henrik 
Published: October 2023

SummaryImproving tolerance to ethylene‐induced early senescence of flowers and fruits is of major economic importance for the ornamental and food industry. Genetic modifications of genes in the ethylene‐signalling pathway have frequently resulted in increased tolerance but often with unwanted side effects. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the function of two CpEil1 genes expressed in flowers of the diploid ornamental plant Campanula portenschlagiana. The ethylene tolerance in flowers of the primary mutants with knockout of only one or all four alleles clearly showed increased tolerance to exogenous ethylene, although lower tolerance was obtained with one compared to four mutated alleles. The allele dosage effect was confirmed in progenies where flowers of plants with zero, one, two, three and four mutated alleles showed increasing ethylene tolerance. Mutation of the Cpeil1 alleles had no significant effect on flower longevity and endogenous flower ethylene level, indicating that CpEil1 is not involved in age‐dependent senescence of flowers. The study suggests focus on EIN3/Eils expressed in the organs subjected to early senescence for obtaining tolerance towards exogenous ethylene. Furthermore, the observed allelic dosage effect constitutes a key handle for a gradual regulation of sensitivity towards exogenous ethylene, simultaneously monitoring possibly unwanted side effects.
Bark water uptake through lenticels increases stem hydration and contributes to stem swelling
Authors: Beckett Holly A. A. , Webb Daryl , Turner Michael , Sheppard Adrian , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFoliar water uptake can recharge water storage tissue and enable greater hydration than through access to soil water alone; however, few studies have explored the role of the bark in facilitating water uptake. We investigated pathways and dynamics of bark water uptake (BWU) in stems of the mangrove Avicennia marina. We provide novel evidence that specific entry points control dynamics of water uptake through the outer bark surface. Furthermore, using a fluorescent symplastic tracer dye we provide the first evidence that lenticels on the outer bark surface facilitate BWU, thus increasing stem water content by up to 3.7%. X‐ray micro‐computed tomography showed that BWU was sufficient to cause measurable swelling of stem tissue layers increasing whole stem cross‐sectional area by 0.83 mm2 or 2.8%, implicating it as a contributor to the diel patterns of water storage recharge that buffer xylem water potential and maintain hydration of living tissue.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide inhibits blue‐light‐induced skin oxidative damage with the involvement of mitophagy
Authors: Wu Fen , Dang Bingrong , Hu Liming , Zhu Sen , Liu Zuohao , Cao Xinhui , Li Zhen , Wang Chunming , Lin Changjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough blue light can damage the skin to a certain extent, the pathogenesis of its damage remains still unclear. The available evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the main cause of its damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has antioxidative effects in a variety of cells. In this paper, we investigated the protective role of LBP and its mechanism of action related to mitophagy in blue‐light‐damaged skin cells. The findings indicated that in HaCaT cells and mouse skin, LBP pretreatment was effective in reducing blue‐light‐induced apoptosis and ameliorating the elevated level of cellular autophagy/mitophagy caused by excessive blue light exposure. The markers reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used to assess oxidative stress. LBP could effectively inhibit blue‐light‐induced oxidative stress. It was also found that blue light exposure caused mitochondrial dysfunction in HaCaT cells, including increased intracellular calcium ion levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. LBP pretreatment significantly relieved mitochondrial dysfunction in HaCaT cells. These findings imply that LBP pretreatment protects skin cells from damage induced by blue light irradiation and that mitophagy may be a significant factor in skin photodamage.
A multimodality therapeutic application on Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis utilizing Spiramycin and ‘de novo’ Ferula asafetida in immunodeficient mice
Authors: Almurshidi Badria Hassan , Fahmy Zeinab , El‐Shennawy Amal , Selim Eman A. H. , Hammam Olfat Ali , Okasha Hend , Al‐Hajj Wissam , Mahmoud Salma Awad , Abuelenain Gehan Labib 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigated a ‘de Novo’ medicinal herb, Ferula asafetida (FA), against toxoplasma encephalitis either alone or combined with spiramycin (SP). Female Swiss‐Webster mice (n = 72) were divided into three batches. Batch‐I received no DMS to serve as an immunocompetent control, batch‐II was immune‐suppressed with the DMS (0.25 mg/g/day) for 14 days pre‐infection, whilst batch‐III was immune‐suppressed with the DMS on the same day of infection. All experimental mice were inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii ME49 cysts (n = 75). Each batch was split into four subgroups: Mono‐SP, mono‐FA, combined drug (SP + FA), or neither. Therapies were administered on day zero of infection in batches (I and II) and 35 days post‐infection in batch (III). Treatments lasted for 14 days, and mice were sacrificed 60 days post‐infection. Histopathological changes, cysts load, and CD4 and CD8 T‐cells were counted in brain tissues. The cyst‐load count in mice receiving SP + FA was significantly (p < .0001) the least compared to the mono treatments in all protocols. Interestingly, the combined therapy demolished the T‐cell subsets to zero in immunocompetent and immunocompromised infected mice. In conclusion, F. asafetida might be a powerfully natural, safe vehicle of SP in the digestive system and/or across the brain–blood barrier to control toxoplasmosis even through immunodeficient conditions.
Large‐scale analysis of trihelix transcription factors reveals their expansion and evolutionary footprint in plants
Authors: Wu Tong , Yang Qihang , Zhou Rong , Yu Tong , Shen Shaoqin , Cao Rui , Ma Xiao , Song Xiaoming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe trihelix transcription factor (TTF) gene family is an important class of transcription factors that play key roles in regulating developmental processes and responding to various stresses. To date, no comprehensive analysis of the TTF gene family in large‐scale species has been performed. A cross‐genome exploration of its origin, copy number variation, and expression pattern in plants is also unavailable. Here, we identified and characterized the TTF gene family in 110 species representing typical plant phylogenetic taxa. Interestingly, we found that the number of TTF genes was significantly expanded in Chara braunii compared to other species. Based on the available plant genomic datasets, our comparative analysis suggested that the TTF gene family likely originated from the GT‐1‐1 group and then expanded to form other groups through duplication or deletion of some domains. We found evidence that whole‐genome duplication/triplication contributed most to the expansion of the TTF gene family in dicots, monocots and basal angiosperms. In contrast, dispersed and proximal duplications contributed to the expansion of the TTF gene family in algae and bryophyta. The expression patterns of TTF genes and their upstream and downstream genes in different treatments showed a functional divergence of TTF‐related genes. Furthermore, we constructed the interaction network between TTF genes and the corresponding upstream and downstream genes, providing a blueprint for their regulatory pathways. This study provided a cross‐genome comparative analysis of TTF genes in 110 species, which contributed to understanding their copy number expansion and evolutionary footprint in plants.
Dynamic all the way down
Authors: Donati Donatella , Gozzano Simone 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we provide an analysis of dynamic dispositionalism. It is usually claimed that dispositions are dynamic properties. However, there is no exhaustive analysis of dynamism in the dispositional literature. We will argue that the dynamic character of dispositions can be analyzed in terms of three features: (i) temporal extension, (ii) necessary change and (iii) future orientedness. Roughly, we will defend the idea that dynamism entails a continuous view of time, to be analyzed in mathematical terms, where intervals are its constitutive elements, whose duration lasts as much as a certain change takes to occur (in support of i). Such changes are the necessary components for the flowing of time because we think there cannot be time without change, (thus supporting ii) and that the forward‐looking feature of properties is what determines the direction of time (as per iii). The paper is structured in 5 sections. In the first section, we set the problem: we outline and criticize some dispositional theories that defend an unsatisfying notion of dynamism. In the second, third and fourth sections we defend each desideratum for a disposition to be dynamic. Finally, we draw some conclusions and consider potential future research.
On the correlation of self‐reported and behavioral risk attitude measures: The case of the General Risk Question and the Investment Game following Gneezy and Potters (1997)
Authors: Gaertner Christine , Steinorth Petra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRisk attitudes play a pivotal role to understand economic decision‐making, and several measures are used to elicit them in the lab and survey them in the field. We provide a literature review on the most commonly used risk elicitation methods by Holt and Laury (HL) and the Investment Game (IG) by Gneezy and Potters and the General Risk Question (GRQ) utilized in the German Socioeconomic Panel. Based on the metadata from three experiments, we show that the GRQ has a robust and economically relevant association with the IG.
Resource rents and environmental pollution in developing countries: Does the quality of institutions matter?
Authors: Achuo Elvis D. , Miamo Clovis Wendji , Kouhomou Clémence Zite 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite global concerted efforts to enhance environmental sustainability, environmental quality has continued degrading following upsurges in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The rising pollution emissions in recent decades have largely been blamed on the growing exploitation of natural resources and institutional dynamics. Consequently, this study empirically examines the effect of resource rents on environmental pollution. The system Generalised Method of Moments approach is adopted to analyse data for a panel of 39 developing African countries over the 1996–2020 period. The key results reveal that resource rents significantly contribute to pollution emissions in the context of African economies. This positive relationship between resource rents and environmental pollution is globally validated by the various sensitivity analysis and robustness checks. However, this relationship is divergent for alternative measures of natural resources and across sub‐regional economic blocs. Furthermore, the results reveal the critical role of good governance in modulating the environmental damaging role of natural resource dependence. Besides the key findings, the study equally highlights the importance of ICTs and the need to increase investments in green technologies and promote the consumption of clean energies. Indeed, the key findings suggest that for resource rents to effectively contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions there is need for policymakers to reinforce the legislation through the enhancement of institutional quality. Particularly, African governments should develop and reinforce strategies aimed at curbing corruption which constitutes a major obstacle to environmental sustainability.
Kernel mean embedding of probability measures and its applications to functional data analysis
Authors: Hayati Saeed , Fukumizu Kenji , Parvardeh Afshin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study intends to introduce kernel mean embedding of probability measures over infinite‐dimensional separable Hilbert spaces induced by functional response statistical models. The embedded function represents the concentration of probability measures in small open neighborhoods, which identifies a pseudo‐likelihood and fosters a rich framework for statistical inference. Utilizing Maximum Mean Discrepancy, we devise new tests in functional response models. The performance of new derived tests is evaluated against competitors in three major problems in functional data analysis including Function‐on‐Scalar regression, functional one‐way ANOVA, and equality of covariance operators.
“The giving birth of a world”: Fanon, Husserl, and the imagination
Authors: De Schryver Carmen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines the role of the imagination in Fanon's and Husserl's work in order to rethink Fanon's relationship with Husserlian phenomenology. I begin with an investigation of the oft‐overlooked ways in which the imagination appears inWretched of the Earth.Here, I argue that Fanon puts a great deal of stock in the imagination, ultimately calling upon this faculty in order to presage the novel ways of being, thinking, and acting, which are a recurrent signature of his vision of decolonization. In the latter half of the article, I then offer an account of the decisive methodological significance of the imagination within Husserl's work. Revisiting the methodological infrastructure of phenomenology with Fanonian concerns in mind casts Husserl's project in a surprising new light, bringing to the fore the revolutionary potential of both the epoché and the method of eidetic variation. For at the core of Husserlian methodology lies a resolve to exceed the limits of our present empirical reality—aleitmotivof Fanon's own thinking. I ultimately show that Fanon's work can thus be imagined as a reactivation, indeed a revolution, inaugurated at the heart of phenomenology and its most basic methodological commitments.
On the effects of active labour market policies among individuals reporting to have severe mental health problems
Authors: Tübbicke Stefan , Schiele Maximilian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOn the one hand, unemployment is known to have detrimental effects on individuals' mental health. On the other hand, poor mental health reduces re‐employment chances quite drastically, creating a vicious cycle. Active labour market policies (ALMPs) such as training programs or wage subsidies have been shown to ameliorate negative effects on mental health and improve labour market integration on average for the general unemployed population. In the context of individuals with severe mental health issues, however, it is unclear whether these interventions can be expected to deliver similar positive effects. In fact, one may argue that they have the potential to worsen employment prospects of individuals by adding additional stress to their pre‐existing mental health problems. Hence, this paper estimates the long‐term causal effects of ALMPs on the labour market integration of individuals with self‐reported severe mental health issues and compares estimates to individuals without such issues using unique combined survey and administrative data. Effects are estimated using the innovative double machine learning method and show that ALMPs do not only improve labour market integration of unemployed individuals with severe mental health issues, but they do so more effectively than for other unemployed individuals.
Biobased residues sustain crop productivity and soil health in a maize–soybean rotation
Authors: Badewa Emmanuel A. , Yeung Chun C. , Whalen Joann K. , Oelbermann Maren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiobased residues are local and cost‐effective sources of soil amendments that can efficiently provide nutrients to crops, enhance soil health and serve as alternatives to mineral fertilizers. The objective of our study was to comprehensively evaluate the soil health and crop productivity of temperate agroecosystems amended with different types of organic residues (biobased residues), including composted food waste (compost), biosolid slurry (biosolids) and liquid anaerobic digestate (digestate), compared with nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was conducted on a silt loam soil under maize–soybean rotation in Canada, where a wide range of physical, chemical and biological indicators were measured and integrated into a soil health score. Biobased residues resulted in about 50%–60% increase in soil‐exchangeable potassium and 10% soil‐exchangeable sodium over levels found in nitrogen fertilizer. Soil microbial biomass and the capacity of soil microbes to utilize carbon substrates differed among growing seasons but not among amendment types (p > .05). Crop productivity was similar among amendment types (p > .05). We found that the soil health score of biosolids was positively correlated with shoot and root biomass and negatively correlated with shoot nitrogen (p < .05), while that of nitrogen fertilizer was positively correlated with shoot carbon (p < .05). This was likely because of a variation in the availability of labile carbon and nitrogen among amendment types. Our research also suggests that temperate silt loam soil amended with biobased residues, especially biosolids, supplied sufficient nitrogen without the need for additional nitrogen fertilizer.
Anchored phylogenomics and revised classification of the Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Johnston Nikolas P. , Pape Thomas , Piwczyński Marcin , Wallman James F. , Wiegmann Brian M. , Cassel Brian K. , Akbarzadeh Kamran , Szpila Krzysztof 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) includes ~600 species across >40 genera, which constitute ~20% of global Sarcophagidae. While molecular phylogenetic hypotheses have been produced for this group, critical problems persist, including the presence of paraphyletic genera, uncertain relationships between genera, a bias of sampling towards Palaearctic taxa, and low support for many branches. The present study remedies these issues through the application of Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) to a sample including ~60% of the currently recognised genera (16% of known species) representing all biogeographic regions except the Neotropical. An alignment of 1,281 concatenated loci was analysed with maximum likelihood (RAxML, IQ‐TREE), Bayesian inference (ExaBayes) and coalescent‐based approaches (ASTRAL, SVDquartets), which resulted in highly supported and concordant topologies, providing unprecedented insight into the relationships of this subfamily of flesh flies, allowing a major update to miltogrammine classification. The AHE phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyly of a large proportion of genera. The monophyly of Metopia Meigen is restored by synonymy with Aenigmetopia Malloch, syn.n. To achieve monophyly of Miltogramma Meigen, eight species are transferred from Pterella Robineau‐Desvoidy. The genus Pterella is shown to be paraphyletic in its current circumscription, and to restore generic monophyly Pterella is restricted to contain only Pt. grisea (Meigen). Erioprocta Enderlein, stat.rev., is resurrected. The genus Senotainia Macquart is reconstructed as paraphyletic. The monotypic genus Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm is synonymised with Taxigramma Macquart, syn.n. In light of our phylogenetic hypotheses, a new Miltogramminae tribal classification is proposed, composed of six tribes.
More doubts on verb‐stranding VP ellipsis: Reply to Simpson 2023
Authors: Landau Idan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdvocating a verb‐stranding‐VP‐ellipsis analysis for object‐gap sentences, Andrew Simpson (“In defense of verb‐stranding VP ellipsis”) argues that under negation the “adjunct reading” is missing because it depends on focal stress, which cannot be realized on unpronounced material. No such condition holds, I maintain, and the absence of the adjunct reading reflects a syntactic absence: argument‐ellipsis sites contain no VP adjuncts. The adjunct reading emerges in some languages when the antecedent sentence is negative too, an inexplicable contingency for the verb‐stranding‐VP‐ellipsis analysis; in fact, these constructions involve polarity ellipsis (of TP), in which VP adjuncts are included. However, this derivation is not available to all languages, explaining some crosslinguistic differences in adjunct readings under negation. Finally, an optional adjunct reading may emerge in affirmative object‐gap sentences due to pragmatic enrichment, a process sensitive to context in ways that go beyond the predictions of the syntactic analysis advocated by Simpson.
Interval Timing as a Computational Pathway From Early Life Adversity to Affective Disorders
Authors: Harhen Nora C. , Bornstein Aaron M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdverse early life experiences can have remarkably enduring negative consequences on mental health, with numerous, varied psychiatric conditions sharing this developmental origin. Yet, the mechanisms linking adverse experiences to these conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we draw on a principled model of interval timing to propose that statistically optimal adaptation of temporal representations to an unpredictable early life environment can produce key characteristics of anhedonia, a transdiagnostic symptom associated with affective disorders like depression and anxiety. The core observation is that early temporal unpredictability produces broader, more imprecise temporal expectations. As a result, reward anticipation is diminished, and associative learning is slowed. When agents with such representations are later introduced to more stable environments, they demonstrate a negativity bias, responding more to the omission of reward than its receipt. Increased encoding of negative events has been proposed to contribute to disorders with anhedonia as a symptom. We then examined how unpredictability interacts with another form of adversity, low reward availability. We found that unpredictability's effect was most strongly felt in richer environments, potentially leading to categorically different phenotypic expressions. In sum, our formalization suggests a single mechanism can help to link early life adversity to a range of behaviors associated with anhedonia, and offers novel insights into the interactive impacts of multiple adversities.