bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between anomie and unethical retail disposition
Authors: Rosenbaum Mark S. , Kuntze Ronald 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDespite potential competitive and customer service advantages of liberal return policies, retailers have tightened policies in response to fraudulent consumer behavior. This article suggests that changes in consumer behavior/retail return policies may be the result of a larger social phenomenon: consumer anomie. This research explores consumer anomie within the context of retailing. Two studies assess the relationships between anomie, materialism, rationalization techniques, and fraudulent marketplace behaviors. Factor analysis corroborates previous research indicating that modern‐day anomie is essentially cynicism. Consumers high in cynicism are more materialistic and more likely than other consumers to employ rationalization techniques in order to justify engaging in unethical retail disposition. Consumers high in cynicism are also found to hold more favorable views toward engaging in fraudulent marketplace behaviors that permit them to benefit at the seller's expense. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some continuous dependence results on the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation
Authors: Yang Yongfu , Gao Hongjun 
Published: December 2003

AbstractContinuous dependence on a modelling parameter are established for solutions to a problem for a complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. We establish continuous dependence on the coefficient of the cubic term, and also on the coefficient of the term multiplying the Laplacian. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A binding site for germ cell nuclear factor within c‐mos regulatory sequences
Authors: Zilz Alexandra , Cooper Geoffrey M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe proto‐oncogene c‐mos is specifically expressed in male and female germ cells. Previous studies have shown that the orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP‐TF) contributes to the repression of c‐mos in somatic cells by binding to an inverted hexamer repeat within the c‐mos regulatory region. In the present study, we demonstrate that another nuclear receptor superfamily member, germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), binds to a sequence overlapping the c‐mos COUP‐TF binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with recombinant GCNF and both wild‐type and mutant c‐mos oligonucleotides demonstrated the binding of GCNF to an extended half site, CCAAGTTCA, which overlaps the first hexamer of the COUP‐TF binding site. Transient transfection assays in NIH 3T3 cells further demonstrated that GCNF fused to a VP16 activation domain stimulated transcription from reporter constructs containing the c‐mos GCNF binding site. Since GCNF is expressed in male and female germ cells at the same stages of development at which c‐mos is transcribed, these results suggest that GCNF may serve as a regulator of c‐mos transcription. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 55–64, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse RanBPM is a partner gene to a germline specific RNA helicase, mouse vasa homolog protein
Authors: Shibata Norito , Tsunekawa Naoki , Okamoto‐Ito Shino , Akasu Ryuko , Tokumasu Ako , Noce Toshiaki 
Published: December 2003

AbstractGerm cell‐specific ATP‐dependent RNA helicase, the product of the mouse vasa homolog (Mvh), has been shown to play an essential role in the development of the male germ cell. In male Mvh knockout mice, premeiotic germ cells arrest at the zygotene stage. To investigate the role of MVH protein in the progression of meiosis, we searched for genes encoding partners that interact with MVH in testicular germ cells. Using the yeast two‐hybrid system, we found that MVH interacts with mouse RanBPM, a Ran–GTP binding protein involved in microtubule nucleation. RanBPM is predominantly expressed in the testis, especially in maturating spermatocytes. Within the cell, RanBPM and MVH are closely associated with perinuclear RNA–protein complexes and chromatoid bodies. The interaction of MVH with RanBPM points to a functional relationship between translational regulation and the microtubule nucleation during meiosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66: 1–7, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germ cell‐less expression in medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Scholz Stefan , Domaschke H. , Kanamori A. , Ostermann K. , Rödel G. , Gutzeit H.O. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe gene germ cell‐less (gcl) plays an important role in the early differentiation of germ cells in Drosophila. We isolated the gcl homolog of the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) using degenerated primers and an ovary cDNA bank. The predicted amino acid sequence of medaka gcl showed 92, 68 and 31% overall identity to mouse, human and Drosophila gcl respectively. RT‐PCR revealed stronger expression in the ovary and weaker expression in testis, brain, heart, liver and muscle tissue. Expression in early embryos indicates the presence of maternal mRNA. By in situ hybridisation (ISH), gcl could not be detected in embryos. In contrast to vasa, ISH revealed expression of gcl in the ovary but not in the testis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 15–18, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of heat shock on in vitro development and intracellular oxidative state of bovine preimplantation embryos
Authors: Sakatani Miki , Kobayashi Shu‐Ichi , Takahashi Masashi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe investigated the effects of heat shock on developmental competence of bovine embryos and intracellular oxidative state. After in vitro fertilization, embryos were exposed to heat shock at 41°C for 6 hr on days 0, 2, 4, and 6, respectively. On day 2, cleavage rate was not significantly different in all groups. However, the percentage of embryos developing to blastocyst stage after exposure to heat shock on day 0 (18.8 ± 4.3%) and day 2 (23.6 ± 3.7%) were significantly decreased compared with control (37.5 ± 4.0%), day 4 (40.0 ± 7.4%), and day 6 (38.1 ± 2.0%). In addition, the total cell number of blastocysts was significantly decreased by heat shock on day 0 (107.5 ± 6.6) and day 2 (112.8 ± 5.7) compared with the control (143.2 ± 9.4). To evaluate intracellular oxidative state by heat shock, embryos exposed to heat shock on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 were incubated with 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHFDA) and fluorescence of oxidized DCHFDA by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected under fluorescent microscope. The intensity of fluorescence was significantly increased when embryos were exposed to heat shock on days 0 and 2. However, heat shock on day 4 and day 6 did not increase the fluorescence intensity. These results indicate that (1) heat shock to earlier stage embryos causes a decrease in development to blastocysts and cell proliferation and (2) the decrease in development by heat shock could be involved in an increase of intracellular oxidative stress. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 77–82, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular study of mouse peri‐implantation development using the in vitro culture of aggregated inner cell mass
Authors: Alarcón Vernadeth B. , Marikawa Yusuke 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo study the mechanisms of mouse peri‐implantation development, we explored the in vitro culture of the isolated inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst. As previously reported, individually cultured ICM recapitulated several early embryological events, such as the formation of primitive endoderm, epiblast, and proamniotic cavity. However, we found that the timing and efficiency of these morphogenetic processes significantly varied among the ICM. Due to this unpredictability in developmental potential, individually cultured ICM may be unsuitable for further analysis. By contrast, we found that when five ICM were fused into a single mass, such aggregates (5× ICM) underwent efficient and synchronous morphogenesis. The synchronous nature of 5× ICM development was also demonstrated by the temporal and spatial pattern of apoptotic cell death. TUNEL assay showed that a number of the epiblast cells committed apoptosis in 48 hr of culture, which took place after primitive endoderm differentiation but prior to proamniotic cavity formation. In situ hybridization analysis showed that Oct4 was downregulated and α‐fetoprotein was upregulated in the primitive endoderm of the cultured 5× ICM. In addition, RT‐PCR analysis revealed the expression of various primitive endodermal genes, but not of extraembryonic ectodermal markers in the cultured 5× ICM. Taken together, we propose that the 5× ICM is a useful in vitro tool to study the mechanisms of peri‐implantation development of the mouse embryo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 83–90, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Families and children with hearing loss: Grief and coping
Authors: Kurtzer‐White Ellen , Luterman David 
Published: December 2003

AbstractParental coping with the diagnosis of their child's hearing impairment has not received a great deal of research attention, despite the evident importance of it. Parental coping has been changing with the inception of newborn screening as we move from a parent‐initiated model of diagnosis to an institution‐initiated model. Coping now begins without any preparation, and without any time for parents to “enjoy” their child as “normal.” The grief models, based on the death experience, usually employed to describe parental reactions to the diagnosis may also be inappropriate. Death grief is terminable whereas parental grief is chronic. There is not sufficient research on the long‐term effects of chronic grief and how that impacts on parent‐child bonding. There is evidence that our screening endeavors have far outstripped our habilitation efforts, leaving parents with a diagnosis but without support. This gap must be closed. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:232–235. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early intervention after universal neonatal hearing screening: Impact on outcomes
Authors: Yoshinaga‐Itano Christine 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis article summarizes the developmental outcomes of Colorado children with significant hearing loss. Some of the research compares children born in hospitals that have implemented universal newborn hearing screening programs for newborns. Other research compares the developmental outcomes of children who have been early‐identified with hearing loss. Early‐identification is defined as identification of hearing loss within the first six months of life. Late identification in the Colorado studies is defined as age of identification of hearing loss after the age of six months. In a few of the Colorado studies, age at initiation of intervention was used. Within the Colorado system, age of identification can be interpreted as almost synonymous with age of intervention, as the vast majority of children enter intervention services with two months after the identification of the hearing loss. Children who were early‐identified and had early initiation of intervention services (within the first year of life) had significantly better vocabulary, general language abilities, speech intelligibility and phoneme repertoires, syntax as measured by mean length of utterance, social‐emotional development, parental bonding, and parental grief resolution. Two other studies (Nebraska and Washington state) of early‐ versus later‐initiation of intervention services report findings similar to the Colorado studies. Direct comparisons with the historical literature are not possible because the developmental delays of what would now be termed “later‐identified” were too low to report developmental ages for the birth through five‐year‐old population. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:252–266. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of carotid plaque composition using multicontrast MRI and registered histology
Authors: Clarke Sharon E. , Hammond Robert R. , Mitchell J. Ross , Rutt Brian K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMRI is emerging as a promising modality for monitoring carotid atherosclerosis. Multiple MR contrast weightings are required for identification of plaque constituents. In this study, eight MR contrast weightings with proven potential for plaque characterization were used to image carotid endarterectomy specimens. A classification technique was developed to create a tissue‐specific map by incorporating information from all MR contrast weightings. The classifier was validated by comparison with micro‐CT (calcification only) and with matched histological slices registered to MR images using a nonlinear warping algorithm (other components). A pathologist who was blinded to the classifier results manually segmented digitized histological images. The sensitivity of the classifier, as determined by pixel‐by‐pixel comparison with the pathologist's segmentation and micro‐CT, was 60.4% for fibrous tissue, 83.9% for necrosis, 97.6% for calcification, and 65.2% for loose connective tissue. The corresponding values for specificity were 87.9%, 75.0%, 98.3%, and 94.9%, respectively. In conclusion, multicontrast MRI was successfully used in conjunction with a supervised classification algorithm to identify plaque components in endarterectomy specimens. Furthermore, this methodology will provide a framework for comparing different classification algorithms, and determining which combination of MR contrasts will be most valuable for in vivo plaque imaging. Magn Reson Med 50:1199–1208, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR analysis of fresh and previously frozen tissue of human prostate
Authors: Wu Chin‐Lee , Taylor Jennifer L. , He Wenlei , Zepeda Andrea G. , Halpern Elkan F. , Bielecki Anthony , Gonzalez R. Gilberto , Cheng Leo L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe previously observed improvement in spectral resolution of tissue proton NMR with high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) was speculated to be due largely to freeze‐thawing artifacts resulting from tissue storage. In this study, 12 human prostate samples were analyzed on a 14.1T spectrometer at 3°C, with HRMAS rates of 600 and 700 Hz. These samples were measured fresh and after they were frozen for 12–16 hr prior to thawing. The spectral linewidths measured from fresh and previously frozen samples were identical for all metabolites except citrate and acetate. The metabolite intensities of fresh and freeze‐thawed samples depend on the quantification procedures used; however, in this experiment the differences of means were <30%. As expected, it was found that tissue storage impacts tissue quality for pathological analysis, and HRMAS conditions alone are not sufficiently destructive to impair pathological evaluation. Furthermore, although storage conditions affect absolute metabolite concentrations in NMR analysis, relative metabolite concentrations are less affected. Magn Reson Med 50:1307–1311, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical study of group effects for pile groups in sands
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Jeremić Boris 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe OpenSees finite element framework was used to simulate the response of 3×3 and 4×3 pile groups founded in loose and medium dense sands. Several numerical static pushover tests were conducted to investigate the interaction effects for pile groups. The results were then compared with those from centrifuge study. It is shown that our simulations can predict the behaviour of pile groups with good accuracy. Special attention was given to the three dimensional distribution of bending moment. It was found that bending moment develops in the plane perpendicular to the loading direction. In addition, bending moment data from simulations was used to derive p–y curves for individual piles, which were used to illustrate different behaviour of individual piles in the same group. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AMLI preconditioner for the p‐version of the FEM
Authors: Beuchler Sven 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFrom the literature it is known that the conjugate gradient method with domain decomposition preconditioners is one of the most efficient methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations resulting from p‐version finite element discretizations of elliptic boundary value problems. One ingredient of such a preconditioner is a preconditioner related to the Dirichlet problems. In the case of Poisson's equation, we present a preconditioner for the Dirichlet problems which can be interpreted as the stiffness matrix Kh,k resulting from the h‐version finite element discretization of a special degenerated problem. We construct an AMLI preconditioner Ch,k for the matrix Kh,k and show that the condition number of C Kh,k is independent of the discretization parameter. This proof is based on the strengthened Cauchy inequality. The theoretical result is confirmed by numerical examples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensions of publicness and performance in substance abuse treatment organizations
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Fournier Elizabeth 
Published: December 2003

AbstractChanges in funding, clientele, and treatment practices of public and privately owned substance abuse treatment
programs, compelled in part by increased cost containment pressures, have prompted researchers' investigations
of the implications of organizational form for treatment programs. These studies primarily probe associations
between ownership status, patient characteristics, and services delivered and do not empirically link
organizational form or structure to treatment outcomes. Data from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation
Study (NTIES) were used to study the relationship of ownership and other dimensions of
“publicness” identified in the public management literature to patient outcomes, controlling for
patient characteristics, treatment experiences, and other program characteristics. A few effects of organizational
form and structure on substance abuse treatment outcomes are statistically significant (primarily improved
social functioning), although the specific contributions of measures of ownership and publicness to explaining
program‐level variation are generally small. © 2004 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and
Management.
Institutional boundaries and common‐pool resource management: A comparative analysis of water management programs in California
Authors: Heikkila Tanya 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPolicymakers and academics often identify institutional boundaries as one of the factors that shape the
capacity of jurisdictions to manage natural resources such as water, forests, and scenic lands. This article
examines two key bodies of literature—common‐pool resource management theory and local public
economy theory—to explain how the boundaries of political jurisdictions affect natural resource
management. Two empirical methods were used to test hypotheses from the literature, using a study of water
management programs in California. The results demonstrate that institutional boundaries that coincide with
natural resources are likely to be associated with the implementation of more effective resource management
programs. At the same time, where jurisdictions can control through coordination, they can also facilitate more
effective resource management where jurisdictions do not match resource boundaries. © 2004 by the
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C and VEGF‐D, and their receptor VEGFR‐3, during different stages of cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Van Trappen Philippe O , Steele Dawn , Lowe David G , Baithun Suhail , Beasley Nigel , Thiele Wilko , Weich Herbert , Krishnan Jaya , Shepherd John H , Pepper Michael S , Jackson David G , Sleeman Jonathan P , Jacobs Ian J 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCervical carcinogenesis has well‐defined stages of disease progression including three grades of pre‐invasive lesions—cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1–3 (CIN 1–3)—and invasive cervical cancer. However, the biological properties of CIN lesions prone to develop invasive disease are not well defined. Recent observations suggest that early invasive disease spreads to regional lymph nodes in several tumour types and that growth factors (VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D) involved in new lymphatic vessel formation may play a crucial role in this process. The present study has assessed the expression of VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, and their receptor VEGFR‐3, in 152 cervical lesions (33 CIN 1, 33 CIN 2, 37 CIN 3, and 49 squamous cell carcinomas) to determine whether expression of lymphangiogenic factors occurs prior to invasion. The presence of lymphatic vessels was determined using LYVE‐1 and podoplanin staining, as well as double immunostaining for LYVE‐1/CD34 and podoplanin/CD34. In situ hybridization was performed to determine VEGFR‐3 mRNA expression. A significant positive correlation was found between VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, and VEGFR‐3 expression through the different stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Significant differences in protein expression for VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, and VEGFR‐3 were found between CIN 1–2 and CIN 3 (p < 0.001 for all), but not between CIN 3 and cervical cancer. More than 50% of the CIN 3 lesions showed moderate to strong staining for VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, whereas most of the early pre‐cancerous lesions (CIN 1 and 2) were negative. In cervical cancer, similar observations to those in CIN 3 were found. VEGFR‐3 mRNA expression was found in the cytoplasm of epithelial neoplastic cells and VEGFR3 protein expression was found in more than 50% of CIN 3 lesions and cervical cancers, compared with 15% in CIN 1 and 2. These findings suggest an autocrine growth stimulation pattern via VEGFR‐3. Adjacent CIN 3 was present in nine cervical cancers and displayed strong expression for VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, and VEGFR‐3. These results suggest that in cervical carcinogenesis a switch to the lymphangiogenic phenotype may occur at the stage of CIN 3. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In lymph node‐negative invasive breast carcinomas, specific chromosomal aberrations are strongly associated with high mitotic activity and predict outcome more accurately than grade, tumour diameter, and oestrogen receptor
Authors: Janssen Emiel AM , Baak Jan PA , Guervós Marta Alonso , van Diest Paul J , Jiwa M , Hermsen Mario AJA 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to analyse whether specific chromosomal gains and losses in lymph‐node negative breast cancer correlate with other features and to evaluate their prognostic value. Seventy‐six lymph node‐negative breast carcinomas (median follow‐up 46 months; range 9–105 months) were used. Histological grade, tumour type, maximal tumour diameter, oestrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR), mitotic activity index (MAI), and mean nuclear area (MNA) were assessed. Whole genome DNA analysis was performed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Chromosomal aberrations were compared with classical and other prognostic features. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate survival analysis (Cox model) were used to assess the prognostic value of the CGH and other data. Fifteen (21.4%) out of 70 patients (six cases were lost to follow‐up) developed locoregional (n = 3) or distant metastases (n = 12). The following criteria were prognostic for (any) recurrence (in decreasing significance): 3q gain, simultaneous gain at 1q and 8q, MAI < versus ≥ 10, MNA < versus ≥ 63 μm. Loss of 1p occurred significantly more often in the large group of ductal breast carcinomas with a MAI ≥ 10 (n = 38) than in cancers with a MAI < 10. Moreover, 8/15 (53%) patients with recurrences had a gain at 3q, as opposed to three (5.5%) of the 55 recurrence‐free patients. This association was even stronger in ductal carcinomas (hazard ratio = 10.9, p < 0.0001). Cox regression revealed that the 3q gain was the strongest prognostic factor; other features did not have additional prognostic value. In conclusion, loss of 1p is associated with a high MAI. A gain of 3q is a stronger predictor of recurrence than grade, MAI, and other features in invasive breast cancers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.