bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s Drawing, Self Expression, Identity and the Imagination
Authors: Hawkins Bryan 
Published: March 2003

Directions, Volume 18 Number 1 [1] suggests that postmodern theory is beginning to have a significant effect upon educational practice. Atkinson [2] has directed attention towards the effects of both the construction of the subject and the real within art teaching. Much postmodern theory challenges the unitary, pre–existing subject. This paper will argue that the persistence of an ideology of self–expression which asserts that all representation is in connection with (should be read in relation to) a singular, pure, pre–existing self acts to limit our understandings of the complexity of children’s representations and is in conflict with many contemporary positions.Research has centred on the development of ‘out of school’ sketchbooks. Large sketchbooks were given out to nursery and reception children paired with older siblings in primary education. Possible drawing activities and interests were discussed and children were left to develop the sketchbooks at home. Two weeks later (including a half term holiday) the children were interviewed in relation to the drawings developed. The drawings have been considered in relation to contemporary approaches to self and identity.The conclusions of this paper revolve around the possibilities of reading children’s drawing in relation to self and identity through the interaction of social context, discursive practice and agency in a manner which is suggested by Ricouer’s formulation of the social imaginary. Additionally, the substitution of tenacious notions of expression with concepts of agency and contingency grounded in the characteristics of ‘citationality’, articulation and narrative are suggested as a basis for developing the educational potential of drawing.
Institutionalism, Intergovernmentalism and European Integration: A Review Article
Authors: Puchala Donald J. 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:W. Sandholtz and A. Stone Sweet (eds), European Integration and Supranational GovernanceK. Armstrong and S. Bulmer, The Governance of the Single European MarketA. Moravcsik, The Choice For Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht
The Institutional Implications of EMU
Authors: Crowley Patrick M. 
Published: March 2003

The third stage of EMU was successfully launched at the beginning of 1999. There are likely to be institutional implications of EMU, particularly if the process is successfully completed. This article uses the optimal currency area literature to establish scenarios for EMU and then evaluates the possible institutional implications which stem from each scenario. Obviously there are ramifications which stem from the institutional development of EMU for Member States, in terms of regaining or losing autonomy over further policy instruments, or the requirement that certain policies be harmonized. In addition, there are clear implications for the development of EU institutions.EMU will also have implications for the development of EU institutions, and their counterparts in Member States......recognizing that EMU will give rise to a new round of institutional development does not require a great leap of imagination. Begg and Peterson (1999, p. 6)
Black Civil Violence and White Social Science: Sense and Nonsense
Authors: Miller Abraham H. 
Published: March 2003

Some thirty years ago, the Kerner Commission report explained the outbursts of urban violence in America’s Black ghettos as caused by Black deprivation wrought by white racism. In its rendition of the Black experience through four hundred years of American racism and its description of the conditions in the urban ghettos of the 1960s, the report is worthy of the acclaim it has received. In its analysis of the causal factors that led to the riots, the report attempts to appeal to intuition but falls far short of making a case on the basis of any remote standard of causal analysis. Indeed, the report strikingly resembles the academic studies that have invoked relative and absolute deprivation theories to explain the American urban riots of the 1960s and which have repeatedly collapsed under the scrutiny of basic considerations of social science methodology.The causes of riots might as aptly fall into situational explanations, including the pattern of police response, as they fall into theoretical ones. While social scientists debate such issues, policy makers have had to respond to the realities of riots, both in terms of causes and effects.Surprisingly, many policy makers, irrespective of their own ideologies and notions of causes, when dealing with America’s urban riots, appear to have come to the same general conclusions about the policies that need to be implemented to prevent future racial crises. Looking at these responses, as well as both the idiosyncratic and common attributes of riots, this paper suggests reconceptualizing and rethinking the nature of riots so as to move toward a better understanding of this type of racial crisis.
Do children with autism fail to process information in context?
Authors: López Beatriz , Leekam Susan R. 
Published: March 2003

Background:  This research investigated the proposal that children with autism are impaired in processing information in its context. To date, this proposal rests almost exclusively on evidence from verbal tasks. Given evidence of visuo‐spatial proficiency in autism in other areas of functioning, it is possible that the ability to use context is spared in the visual domain but impaired in the verbal domain.Method: Fifteen children with autism and 16 age and IQ‐matched typically developing children were tested on their ability to take account of visual context information (Experiment 1) and verbal context information (Experiment 2) using an adaptation of Palmer's (1975) visual context task. They were also given an adaptation of Tager‐Flusberg's (1991) visual and verbal semantic memory task (Experiment 3) and Frith and Snowling's (1983) homograph task (Experiment 4).Results: Experiment 1 showed that children with autism were facilitated by the provision of visual context information. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the same children were also able to use both verbal context information when identifying words and semantic category information in a verbal task when naming and recalling words. However, in Experiment 4 these children had difficulties with a sentence‐processing task when using sentence context to disambiguate homographs.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that children with autism do not have a general difficulty in connecting context information and item information as predicted by weak central coherence theory. Instead the results suggest that there is specific difficulty with complex verbal stimuli and in particular with using sentence context to disambiguate meaning.
Maternal adjustment, parenting and child behaviour in families of school‐aged twins conceived after IVF and ovulation induction
Authors: Tully Lucy A. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: March 2003

Background: Previous studies that have examined the long‐term effects of infertility and assisted reproductive technology on parenting and child behaviour in families with twins have suffered from methodological problems. This study compared measures of parental adjustment, parenting and child behaviour in families with 5‐year‐old twins who were conceived after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or ovulation induction (OI) with families whose twins were naturally conceived (NC).Methods: The families who conceived via IVF/OI (N=121) were identified from an epidemiological study of twins and matched to families who were conceived naturally (N=121) on the basis of eleven child and family variables. Mothers were interviewed in their homes for the study.Results: No significant differences were observed between the IVF/OI families and the NC families on measures of parental adjustment or parent and teacher ratings of the twins’ behaviour. IVF/OI mothers and their partners agreed with each other about discipline more than NC couples, but otherwise no other differences in parenting were found. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides evidence that families who conceive twins following IVF/OI are functioning well and that the experience of fertility treatment does not lead to long‐term difficulties for parents or children.
Depression markers in young children's play: a comparison between depressed and nondepressed 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds in various play situations
Authors: Lous Annemieke Mol , De Wit Cees A.M. , De Bruyn Eric E.J. , Marianne Riksen‐Walraven J. 
Published: March 2003

Background and method: The behaviour of 30 depressed 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds was observed in three play situations (solitary free play, interactive free play, and play narratives) and compared to the behaviour of 30 nondepressed clinical and 30 nondepressed nonclinical peers.Results: Depressed children showed significantly less play, particularly less symbolic play, than nondepressed children. Instead, they exhibited more nonplay behaviours, such as exploration and undirected behaviours, than the control children. Moreover, the behaviour of the depressed children was less coherent than that of the nondepressed children, as evident from a greater number of shifts from one type of behaviour to another.Conclusions: Differences between depressed and nondepressed children were most prominent during the play narratives and were particularly striking when a sad mood was presented.
Acute cortisol effects on immediate free recall and recognition of nouns depend on stimulus valence
Authors: Tops Mattie , Pompe Gieta Van Der , Baas Daan , Mulder Lambertus J. M. , Den Boer Johan A. , Meijman Theo F. , Korf Jacob 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study investigated the acute effects of cortisol administration in normal healthy male volunteers on immediate free recall and recognition of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral nouns using a between‐subjects double‐blind design. Two hours after cortisol (10 mg) or placebo administration, impaired recall and recognition of neutral and pleasant words was found in the treatment group, whereas recall and recognition of unpleasant words was similar in both groups. The interaction between treatment and stimulus valence was not mediated by “semantic cohesion,” nor does it seem to have been mediated by stimulus arousal. Cortisol did not change mood. The changes with cortisol in recall and recognition of pleasant and unpleasant words parallel those found in depression, a condition that is often accompanied by elevated basal cortisol levels.
Momentum Strategies: Evidence from Pacific Basin Stock Markets
Authors: Hameed Allaudeen , Kusnadi Yuanto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigate the profitability of momentum investment strategy in six Asian stock markets. Unrestricted momentum investment strategies do not yield significant momentum profits. Although we find that a diversified country‐neutral strategy generates small but statistically significant returns during 1981–1994, when we control for size and turnover effects we find that the country‐neutral profits dissipate. Our evidence suggests that the factors that contribute to the momentum phenomenon in the United States are not prevalent in the Asian markets.
Deciphering the Motives for Equity Carve‐Outs
Authors: Powers Eric A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractI analyze 181 equity carve‐outs to determine whether the transactions are motivated by potential efficiency improvements or by an opportunity to sell overvalued equity. Carve‐out operating performance peaks at issue, declining significantly thereafter. Parents sell a greater percentage of shares when subsequent performance is poor. A negative relation also exists between long‐term excess returns and the percentage of shares sold. If subsequent performance is correlated with the degree to which parent managers believe carve‐out subsidiaries are over‐ or undervalued, results imply that many carve‐outs are conducted, not to improve efficiency, but to sell potentially overvalued equity.
Banks as Liquidity Providers: An Explanation for the Coexistence of Lending and Deposit‐taking
Authors: Kashyap Anil K. , Rajan Raghuram , Stein Jeremy C. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWhat ties together the traditional commercial banking activities of deposit‐taking and lending? We argue that since banks often lend via commitments, their lending and deposit‐taking may be two manifestations of one primitive function: the provision of liquidity on demand. There will be synergies between the two activities to the extent that both require banks to hold large balances of liquid assets: If deposit withdrawals and commitment takedowns are imperfectly correlated, the two activities can share the costs of the liquid‐asset stockpile. We develop this idea with a simple model, and use a variety of data to test the model empirically.
The World Price of Insider Trading
Authors: Bhattacharya Utpal , Daouk Hazem 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe existence and the enforcement of insider trading laws in stock markets is a phenomenon of the 1990s. A study of the 103 countries that have stock markets reveals that insider trading laws exist in 87 of them, but enforcement—as evidenced by prosecutions—has taken place in only 38 of them. Before 1990, the respective numbers were 34 and 9. We find that the cost of equity in a country, after controlling for a number of other variables, does not change after the introduction of insider trading laws, but decreases significantly after the first prosecution.
A Rational Expectations Model of Financial Contagion
Authors: Kodres Laura E. , Pritsker Matthew 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe develop a multiple asset rational expectations model of asset prices to explain financial market contagion. Although the model allows contagion through several channels, our focus is on contagion through cross‐market rebalancing. Through this channel, investors transmit idiosyncratic shocks from one market to others by adjusting their portfolios' exposures to shared macroeconomic risks. The pattern and severity of financial contagion depends on markets' sensitivities to shared macroeconomic risk factors, and on the amount of information asymmetry in each market. The model can generate contagion in the absence of news, as well as between markets that do not directly share macroeconomic risks.
The Quality of ECN and Nasdaq Market Maker Quotes
Authors: Huang Roger D. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper compares the quality of quotes submitted by electronic communication networks (ECNs) and by traditional market makers to the Nasdaq quote montage. An analysis of the most active Nasdaq stocks shows that ECNs not only post informative quotes, but also, compared to market makers, ECNs post quotes rapidly and are more often at the inside. Additionally, ECN quoted spreads are smaller than dealer quoted spreads. The evidence suggests that the proliferation of alternative trading venues, such as ECNs, may promote quote quality rather than fragmenting markets. Moreover, the results suggest that a more open book contributes to quote quality.
Institutional Allocation in Initial Public Offerings: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Aggarwal Reena , Prabhala Nagpurnanand R. , Puri Manju 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe analyze institutional allocation in initial public offerings (IPOs) using a new data set of U.S. offerings between 1997 and 1998. We document a positive relationship between institutional allocation and day one IPO returns. This is partly explained by the practice of giving institutions more shares in IPOs with strong premarket demand, consistent with book‐building theories. However, institutional allocation also contains private information about first‐day IPO returns not reflected in premarket demand and other public information. Our evidence supports book‐building theories of IPO underpricing, but suggests that institutional allocation in underpriced issues is in excess of that explained by book‐building alone.
Explaining the Diversification Discount
Authors: Campa Jose Manuel , Kedia Simi 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that the documented discount on diversified firms is not per se evidence that diversification destroys value. Firms choose to diversify. We use three alternative econometric techniques to control for the endogeneity of the diversification decision, and find evidence supporting the selfselection of diversifying firms. We find a strong negative correlation between a firms choice to diversify and firm value. The diversification discount always drops, and sometimes turns into a premium. There also exists evidence of selfselection by refocusing firms. These results point to the importance of explicitly modeling the endogeneity of the diversification status in analyzing its effect on firm value.
What Do Returns to Acquiring Firms Tell Us? Evidence from Firms That Make Many Acquisitions
Authors: Fuller Kathleen , Netter Jeffry , Stegemoller Mike 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe study shareholder returns for firms that acquired five or more public, private, and/or subsidiary targets within a short time period. Since the same bidder chooses different types of targets and methods of payment, any variation in returns must be due to the characteristics of the target and the bid. Results indicate bidder shareholders gain when buying a private firm or subsidiary but lose when purchasing a public firm. Further, the return is greater the larger the target and if the bidder offers stock. These results are consistent with a liquidity discount, and tax and control effects in this market.
Is Information Risk a Determinant of Asset Returns?
Authors: Easley David , Hvidkjaer Soeren , O'Hara Maureen 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe investigate the role of information‐based trading in affecting asset returns. We show in a rational expectation example how private information affects equilibrium asset returns. Using a market microstructure model, we derive a measure of the probability of information‐based trading, and we estimate this measure using data for individual NYSE‐listed stocks for 1983 to 1998. We then incorporate our estimates into a Fama and French (1992) asset‐pricing framework. Our main result is that information does affect asset prices. A difference of 10 percentage points in the probability of information‐based trading between two stocks leads to a difference in their expected returns of 2.5 percent per year.
The Making of a Dealer Market: From Entry to Equilibrium in the Trading of Nasdaq Stocks
Authors: Ellis Katrina , Michaely Roni , O'Hara Maureen 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an analysis of the nature and evolution of a dealer market for Nasdaq stocks. Despite size differences in sample stocks, there is a surprising consistency to their trading. One dealer tends to dominate trading in a stock. Markets are concentrated and spreads are increasing in the volume and market share of the dominant dealer. Entry and exit are ubiquitous. Exiting dealers are those with very low profits and trading volume. Entering market makers fail to capture a meaningful share of trading or profits. Thus, free entry does little to improve the competitive nature of the market as entering dealers have little impact. We find, however, that for small stocks, the Nasdaq dealer market is being more competitive than the specialist market.
Global Changes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Virus Gene Expression Patterns following Expression of a Tetracycline-Inducible Rta Transactivator
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Lu Michael , Gwack Yousang , Souvlis John , Zeichner Steven L. , Jung Jae U. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT
An important step in the herpesvirus life cycle is the switch from latency to lytic reactivation. In order to study the life cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), we developed a gene expression system in KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells. This system uses Flp-mediated efficient recombination and tetracycline-inducible expression. The Rta transcriptional activator, which acts as a molecular switch for lytic reactivation of KSHV, was efficiently integrated downstream of the Flp recombination target site, and its expression was tightly controlled by tetracycline. Like stimulation with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), the ectopic expression of Rta efficiently induced a complete cycle of viral replication, including a well-ordered program of KSHV gene expression and production of infectious viral progeny. A striking feature of Rta-mediated lytic gene expression was that Rta induced KSHV gene expression in a more powerful and efficient manner than TPA stimulation, indicating that Rta plays a central, leading role in KSHV lytic gene expression. Thus, our streamlined gene expression system provides a novel means not only to study the effects of viral gene products on overall KSHV gene expression and replication, but also to understand the natural viral reactivation process.
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3C Recruits Histone Deacetylase Activity and Associates with the Corepressors mSin3A and NCoR in Human B-Cell Lines
Authors: Knight Jason S. , Lan Ke , Subramanian Chitra , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is a known regulatory transcription factor that has been shown to interact with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) when cotransfected in human cell lines and by in vitro binding experiments. Previous studies have shown that EBNA3C interacts with p300 and prothymosin alpha (ProTα) in EBV-infected cells and may be involved in recruiting acetyltransferases to the chromatin for acetylation of histones and transcriptional activation. EBNA3C has also been shown to function as a repressor of transcription when directed to promoters. In this report, we show that EBNA3C complexed with ProTα can also recruit deacetylase activity and associates in a complex that includes HDAC1 and HDAC2 in human B cells. A complex of EBNA3C and ProTα coimmunoprecipitated with HDAC1 and HDAC2 in cell lines stably expressing EBNA3C. Additionally, this complex associated with the mSin3A and NCoR corepressors in EBNA3C-expressing cell lines and may function in a complex with additional transcription factors known to be repressors of transcription. EBNA3C in complex with ProTα recruited deacetylase activity in cell lines stably expressing EBNA3C, and this activity was shown to be partially sensitive to trichostatin A (TSA). This suggests an association with other deacetylases that are insensitive to the general inhibitory effects of TSA, as the entire activity was not abolished in multiple assays. The association between EBNA3C and the corepressors as well as HDACs is likely to depend on the presence of ProTα in the complex. Immunoprecipitation with anti-ProTα antibody immunoprecipitated EBNA3C and the other repressors, whereas immunoprecipitation with anti-EBNA3C antibody resulted in little or no association with these molecules associated with transcription repression. Clearly, EBNA3C functions as a component of a number of dynamic complexes which function in repression and activation of transcription.