bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of dual Z-scheme photocatalytic response of TiO2/Ag/ZnO coating on plasma-modified cotton fabric for self-cleaning application
Authors: Kashif Zunaira , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Maqbool Aiza , Shukrullah Shazia , Irfan Muhammad , Faraj Mursal Salim Nasar , Rahman Saifur , Magzoub Mohamed Ali Muawia Abdelkafi 
Published: January 2024

An innovative approach was adopted to improve the photocatalytic response of nanoparticle-coated cotton fabric for self-cleaning application. Fabrics with layers of TiO2, Ag, and ZnO nanoparticles were assessed for photodegradation of Rhodamine B, methyl orange, and methyl red. A dual-scheme charge transfer method was designed for the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabric. To produce the multilayer structure of nanoparticles, the fabric was first functionalized with atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma and then sonochemically coated with TiO2/Ag/ZnO in a layered form. The plasma functionalization enhanced the stability of TiO2/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles on the fabric. It was revealed that a combination of Ag, TiO2, and ZnO nanoparticles produced a Schottky barrier among the silver metal and metal oxides (TiO2 and ZnO), resulting in enhanced photocatalytic properties. Methyl red underwent the highest photocatalytic degradation of 93% over the designed photocatalyst-coated fabric after 120 min of light exposure. This study provides a promising strategy for improving the photocatalytic self-cleaning efficacy of nanocoated fabrics.
External magnet-guided targeted delivery and tissue distribution analysis of anti-cluster of differentiation 3 conjugated magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 using in vivo imaging system
Authors: Hasan Mahbub , Choi Jong-Gu , Lee Sang-Suk 
Published: January 2024

Drug distribution is a vital parameter for depicting the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic agents. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) conjugated with anti-cluster of differentiation 3 (anti-CD3) monoclonal antibody (MNPs-Ab) is a promising immunotherapeutic agent. Magnet-guided targeted delivery of MNPs has been studied exclusively in oncology. The distribution of MNPs is routinely analyzed by measuring Fe levels using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). However, the ICP-based methods measure the total iron content, including endogenous iron. We used an efficient approach that measured MNPs-Ab distribution after intravenous administration using an in vivo imaging system. The fluorescent-labeled anti-CD3s are conjugated with dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles (50 nm diameter) by the glutaraldehyde conjugation method. MNPs-Ab was intravenously administered to BALB/c mice. The fluorescence intensity in live animal and organs were analyzed after 0, 1, and 24 h. The conjugation of fluorescently labeled antibodies with MNPs was validated. The attachment of a permanent magnet on the dorsal skin area successfully guided the intravenously injected Ab-MNPs within 24 h. However, after 1 h, no observable fluorescence was seen at the target site. The in vitro organ distribution study confirms nanoparticles’ predominant distribution in the liver and kidneys-the intensities of the fluorescence increase after 24 h than 1 h. Our in vivo imaging studies confirmed the external magnet-driven targeted distribution of the antibody-conjugated nanoparticle. Besides, the in vivo imaging system enables rapidly identifying the distributed nanoparticles.
Soybean and corn yield as affected by crop rotation and surface liming under a no-tillage system
Authors: Fontoura Sandra Mara Vieira , Melinski Albert Matheus , Motta Antônio Carlos Vargas , Gotz Lenir Fátima , Araujo Eloá Moura , Prior Stephen A. , Pauletti Volnei 
Published: January 2024

Context In no-tillage systems, surficial lime application may induce an alkalinisation front that can correct soil acidity with depth and impact crop yields. Aims Our objective was to determine maintenance liming rates that provide the highest yield of soybean and corn in different crop rotations and to assess the speed and persistence of surficial lime application with soil depth in a no-tillage system. Methods The experiment was conducted in Southern Brazil on a clayey Oxisol under no-tillage with four lime treatments (0, 3.5, 5.7, and 11.1 Mg ha−1 of dolomitic lime) and three crop rotations (for grain or biomass production). Grain yield was evaluated, and soil chemical variables were annually determined on samples collected from four soil depths over 10 years. Key results Soybean and corn surpassed state production levels, and grain production in winter did not compromise summer grain yield. In 10 years, the alkalinisation front reached the 40–60 cm soil layer. Application of lime at 5.7 Mg ha−1 allows for maintenance of crop yield and stable acidity levels. Conclusions In this no-tillage system, the cultivation of different winter plant species did not interfere with corn and soybean yield, lime effects in deeper soil layers, or liming need. Lime applied to the soil surface was efficient in controlling acidity in upper and deeper soil layers (up to 60 cm) in soil with high buffering capacity. Implications Due to slow movement, soil samples should be collected every 4 to 5 years to monitor soil acidity.
Jan Ignacy Necisław Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929)
Authors: Comtet Roger 
Published: January 2024

Résumé
Cet article envisage les différentes conceptions de la science des sons illustrée par le linguiste polonais Jan
Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929). Comme en bien d’autres domaines, il n’y a cessé d’évoluer au cours de
sa carrière académique au gré de ses différentes affectations; handicapé dans le monde universitaire russe de l’époque par
sa nationalité polonaise, il a dû enseigner dans six universités différentes, de Saint-Pétersbourg à Varsovie (en 1918, suite à la
restauration de l’état polonais) en passant par Kazan, Dorpat (actuelle Tartu, en Estonie) et Cracovie. Chacun de ces
changements s’accompagnait d’un changement de paradigme, au point que l’on a pu affirmer que chaque
nouvelle affectation s’accompagnait d’une nouvelle école linguistique. Baudouin s’est intéressé à une
multitude de sujets linguistiques, mais la postérité a surtout retenu sa conception du phonème comme unité phonique fonctionnelle
élaborée à Kazan avec son disciple Mikołaj Kruszewski (lui aussi polonais) de 1875 à 1883. Nous nous proposons de montrer que la
vision de Baudouin sur le monde des sons a de fait évolué en relation avec les différentes étapes de son parcours universitaire;
ainsi serons-nous amené à faire se succéder une phase initiale phonétique, plus ou moins néogrammairienne, la phonologie de Kazan,
et une ultime conception psychologique. À chaque étape, ses disciples du moment recueillent le message correspondant et
l’adaptent, d’où les différentes écoles qui se réclament de lui, depuis celle de Saint-Pétersbourg, autour de son
élève Ščerba, l’école de Varsovie animée par ses anciens élèves polonais de Cracovie et même celles de Moscou et du Cercle
de Prague où l’on décèle son influence. On mesure mieux ainsi le rôle éminent joué par Baudouin dans l’élaboration
des théories de la science des sons au début du XXe siècle, par delà toutes ses contradictions et une pensée en
perpétuel mouvement.
Using lexical bundles to teach prepositions to Korean EFL students
Authors: Kang Sanghee , Shin Yu Kyoung , Yoo Isaiah WonHo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Integrating corpus-based analyses with instructed SLA, this study explores how lexical bundles can be used to teach prepositions to EFL learners. It first identifies lexical bundles occurring most frequently with preposition errors in a learner corpus of L1-Korean high school student writing. It then uses the 10 identified bundles to compare three different types of instructional treatment: one hundred L1-Korean high school EFL students received either implicit instruction (teaching each bundle as a unit with no emphasis on embedded prepositions) or one of two types of explicit instruction (focusing on embedded prepositions with or without input enhancement). The explicit-instruction-with-input-enhancement group showed the greatest improvement, followed closely by the implicit-instruction group; the other explicit group showed the least improvement. These results suggest that textual enhancement can facilitate L2 preposition acquisition and that recurrent sequences such as lexical bundles can serve as a useful pedagogical means to teach linguistic forms.
An expressive ansatz for low-depth quantum approximate optimisation
Authors: Vijendran V , Das Aritra , Koh Dax Enshan , Assad Syed M , Lam Ping Koy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum–classical algorithm used to approximately solve combinatorial optimisation problems. It involves multiple iterations of a parameterised ansatz that consists of a problem and mixer Hamiltonian, with the parameters being classically optimised. While QAOA can be implemented on near-term quantum hardware, physical limitations such as gate noise, restricted qubit connectivity, and state-preparation-and-measurement (SPAM) errors can limit circuit depth and decrease performance. To address these limitations, this work introduces the eXpressive QAOA (XQAOA), an overparameterised variant of QAOA that assigns more classical parameters to the ansatz to improve its performance at low depths. XQAOA also introduces an additional Pauli-Y component in the mixer Hamiltonian, allowing the mixer to implement arbitrary unitary transformations on each qubit. To benchmark the performance of XQAOA at unit depth, we derive its closed-form expression for the MaxCut problem and compare it to QAOA, Multi-Angle QAOA (MA-QAOA) (Herrman et al 2022 Sci. Rep.
12 6781), a classical-relaxed algorithm, and the state-of-the-art Goemans–Williamson algorithm on a set of unweighted regular graphs with 128 and 256 nodes for degrees ranging from 3 to 10. Our results indicate that at unit depth, XQAOA has benign loss landscapes with local minima concentrated near the global optimum, allowing it to consistently outperform QAOA, MA-QAOA, and the classical-relaxed algorithm on all graph instances and the Goemans–Williamson algorithm on graph instances with degrees greater than 4. Small-scale simulations also reveal that unit-depth XQAOA invariably surpasses both QAOA and MA-QAOA on all tested depths up to five. Additionally, we find an infinite family of graphs for which XQAOA solves MaxCut exactly and analytically show that for some graphs in this family, special cases of XQAOA are capable of achieving a much larger approximation ratio than QAOA. Overall, XQAOA is a more viable choice for variational quantum optimisation on near-term quantum devices, offering competitive performance at low depths.
Stipules in angiosperms
Authors: Ye Tongxin , Ronse De Craene Louis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Stipules are generally regarded as the outgrowths of the leaf base in angiosperms. Other interpretations see stipules as independent organs comparable to leaves. Stipules have been recognized as an important trait for plant taxonomy and identification, and there has been great progress in the understanding of their morphology, development, origin, function, and gene regulation over time. Therefore, this review will briefly summarize past research and aims to clarify the occurrence, location, and morphology of stipules in the families recognized by APG IV and reconstruct their ancestral states. Additionally, the developmental morphology of different types of stipule is presented through scanning electron microcopy observations and a survey of the existing literature. The difference between stipules and ligules is discussed in relation to the occurrence of postgenitally or congenitally fused ‘continuous’ stipules. A distinction is made between ‘true’ stipules and ‘pseudostipules’. The origin of stipules at the base of the leaf is explained from different perspectives. About one-third of the families are reported to have stipules, mostly concentrated in the Rosid clade with the highest level of diversity. On the basis of the ancestral state reconstructions, stipules may be absent in the ancestors of angiosperms, but are present in the ancestor of Rosids, with a pair appearing on both sides of the petiole base. The transition between paired and annular stipules is discussed, the latter arising postgenitally or congenitally. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the abundance of stipules in the Rosid clade and their limited presence in the Asterid clade.
A haplotype-resolved gap-free genome assembly provides novel insight into monoterpenoid diversification in Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’
Authors: Yang Hanting , Wang Can , Zhou Guanru , Zhang Yuxuan , He Tianxing , Yang Lulu , Wu Ya , Wang Zhengnan , Tang Xin , Chen Gang , Liu Zhaoyu , Tang Huanyu , Zhou Hanlin , Kang Xumei , Zhang Sanyin , Leng Liang , Chen Shilin , Song Chi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mentha is a commonly used spice worldwide, which possesses medicinal properties and fragrance. These characteristics are conferred, at least partially, by essential oils such as menthol. In this study, a gap-free assembly with a genome size of 414.3 Mb and 31,251 coding genes was obtained for Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’. Based on its high heterozygosity (1.5%), two complete haplotypic assemblies were resolved, with genome sizes of 401.9 and 405.7 Mb, respectively. The telomeres and centromeres of each haplotype were almost fully annotated. In addition, we detected a total of 41,135 structural variations. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were affected by these structural variations. Analysis of volatile metabolites showed that M. suaveolens mainly produces piperitenone oxide rather than menthol. We identified three genes in the M. suaveolens genome which encode isopiperitenone reductase (ISPR), a key rate-limiting enzyme in menthol biosynthesis. However, the transcription levels of ISPR were low. Given that other terpenoid biosynthesis genes were expressed, M. suaveolens ISPRs may account for the accumulation of piperitenone oxide in this species. The findings of this study may provide a valuable resource for improving the detection rate and accuracy of genetic variants, thereby enhancing our understanding of their impact on gene function and expression. Moreover, our haplotype-resolved gap-free genome assembly offers novel insights into molecular marker-assisted breeding of Mentha.
Faithfully Flat Descent of Quasi-Coherent Complexes on Rigid Analytic Varieties via Condensed Mathematics
Authors: Mikami Yutaro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Faithfully flat descent of pseudo-coherent complexes in rigid geometry was proved by Mathew. In this paper, we generalize the result of Mathew to solid quasi-coherent complexes on rigid analytic varieties, which have been introduced by Clausen and Scholze by means of condensed mathematics.
Effects of Nanoparticle-Mediated Dihydromyricetin to Diabetic Wounds: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Wang Zhao-Nan , Ma Jiu-Cheng , Xi Ming-Fan , Yin Dong , Jiang Li-Fan , Qi Jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Diabetic wound is one of the serious complications of diabetes, and the wound is persistent and easily recurring, which seriously endangers the health and life of patients. How to effectively promote the healing of diabetic wounds has been a hot spot and difficult area of clinical research. Some previous studies have shown that dihydromyricetin has the effects of regulating blood glucose, controlling the severity, and inhibiting scarring. In the present study, we used polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles as a carrier to load dihydromyricetin to make drug-loaded nanoparticles and applied them dropwise (200 µL) to diabetic mice wounds by topical application to observe the healing and scar formation of diabetic wounds. We found that the healing rate of the diabetic mice was faster and the scar formation was less obvious. In addition, the elevated blood glucose level and weight loss of the mice in the treatment group were also reduced. Therefore, nanoparticle-mediated dihydromyricetin may be an effective treatment for diabetic wounds.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computer-Aided Detection During Active Case Finding for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Scott Alex J , Perumal Tahlia , Hohlfeld Ameer , Oelofse Suzette , Kühn Louié , Swanepoel Jeremi , Geric Coralie , Ahmad Khan Faiz , Esmail Aliasgar , Ochodo Eleanor , Engel Mark , Dheda Keertan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Computer-aided detection (CAD) may be a useful screening tool for tuberculosis (TB). However, there are limited data about its utility in active case finding (ACF) in a community-based setting, and particularly in an HIV-endemic setting where performance may be compromised.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and evaluated articles published between January 2012 and February 2023 that included CAD as a screening tool to detect pulmonary TB against a microbiological reference standard (sputum culture and/or nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT]). We collected and summarized data on study characteristics and diagnostic accuracy measures. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality against Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2 criteria. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines were followed.

Results
Of 1748 articles reviewed, 5 met with the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. A meta-analysis revealed pooled sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.96) and specificity of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55–0.93), just below the World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended target product profile (TPP) for a screening test (sensitivity ≥0.90 and specificity ≥0.70). We found a high risk of bias and applicability concerns across all studies. Subgroup analyses, including the impact of HIV and previous TB, were not possible due to the nature of the reporting within the included studies.

Conclusions
This review provides evidence, specifically in the context of ACF, for CAD as a potentially useful and cost-effective screening tool for TB in a resource-poor HIV-endemic African setting. However, given methodological concerns, caution is required with regards to applicability and generalizability.
What’s in It for the Baby? Weighing Children’s and Parents’ Interests in Commercial Surrogacy Agreements. A Reply to Gheaus
Authors: Straehle Christine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, Straehle engages with Gheaus’s model of attributing custody. Straehle challenges Gheaus’s premise that only the best available custodian should be granted custody of the newborn child, thus making genetic or intentional links between commissioning parents and the child not the relevant criterion for attributing custody. Straehle argues instead that the wellbeing interests of the child also require secure relationships in order for the right of children to be carefree to be possible. One of the enabling conditions of being carefree are secure relationships. Straehle then argues that the intending parents may be best placed to provide for such security.
Women and Children First. A Reply to Straehle
Authors: Gheaus Anca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This is Gheaus’s answer to Straehle. The chapter outlines the area of agreement between the two views, which concerns women’s moral right to engage in gestating children with the intention that other adults will bring them up. It then explains the main points of disagreement: Straehle’s view does not do justice to the interest of would-be surrogates: First, it either devalues or it discourages any bonds created during pregnancy between surrogate mother and child. Second, it requires women who serve as surrogates to enter labour contracts that, in comparison to existing ones, are extraordinarily constricting; as such, it represents an illiberal proposal. And third, it wrongfully restricts the access of the surrogate to the child she carried after the child’s birth. Finally, it explains the source of the fundamental disagreement between Gheaus and Straehle about the way in which children’s moral status prohibits adults from settling custody over children via private agreements. Straehle’s proposal depends on the view that, in gestational surrogacy, the intending parents are always the moral parents of the child. This, in turn, relied on the belief that people have a presumptive right to parent the children created from gametes they produced or rightfully obtained from others; this belief is itself indefeasible without a proprietarian understanding of the child-parent relationship.
Glomerulonephritis, Tubulointerstitial Nephritis, and Vasculitis
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on multisystem disorders that involve the kidney such as vasculitis and systemic lupus. Often these conditions are influenced by immune-mediated pathways, and an understanding of the basic science involved helps guide management. Questions test areas of factual knowledge such as biopsy findings and recent trial evidence, as well as problem-solving in vasculitis and glomerulonephritis clinical scenarios. Familiarity with international guidelines, such as Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR), is recommended.
Chronic Kidney Disease, Haematuria, and Proteinuria
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the key differentials when evaluating a patient with non-visible haematuria and proteinuria. The diagnostic tests required for evaluation of these presentations are reviewed, as are the appropriate management strategies. Proteinuria is a risk factor for progressive chronic kidney disease, and specialist management of those with chronic kidney disease is also explored.
Haemodialysis
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Treatment with haemodialysis (HD) has revolutionized the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Dialysis involves movement of solutes and water across semipermeable membrane by convection and diffusion. Conventional HD uses either low- or high-flux membranes, and haemodiafiltration adds a convective component to high-flux HD. The adequacy of dialysis is usually measured by either the urea reduction ratio or urea kinetic modelling by using the normalized urea clearance (Kt/V). Though thrice-weekly HD with a target Kt/V of 1.2 is effective in controlling uraemia, overnight or frequent dialysis of up to 6 times a week is more effective in controlling parameters such as phosphate, blood pressure, and volume overload, and may also improve survival. This chapter deals with all aspects of HD, including efficacy, complications, and physiology.
Some Reflections on Causation
Authors: Shan Yafeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Philosophical analyses of causation have been centred on the question of what causation is. More precisely speaking, philosophers tend to address four different issues: metaphysical (what is causation out there?), epistemological (how can a causal claim be established and assessed?), conceptual (what does the word ‘cause’ mean?), and methodological (what methods ought one to use in order to establish and assess causal claims?). This chapter argues that the practical issue of causation (what is a causal claim for in practice?) is highly relevant to the metaphysical, epistemological, conceptual, and methodological issues of causation. Any philosophical enquiry into causation without an examination of this practical issue is incomplete. In other words, a promising approach to causation ought to take all of the metaphysical, epistemological, conceptual, methodological, and practical issues into account.