bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multifrequency microstrip antenna
Authors: Roy Jibendu Sekhar , Ghosh Jayanta 
Published: May 2005

AbstractInvestigations of a microstrip antenna for multifrequency operation are reported. The integral‐equation method, using IE3D software, is used for the analysis of the antenna. The antenna can be used to operate at four different resonance frequencies with broadside radiation patterns. The theoretical results are supported by experimental verification. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 63–65, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20902
Dual‐band millimeter‐wave/infrared focal‐plane arrays
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman M. , Lail B. , Boreman G. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a novel arrangement for dual‐band millimeter‐wave and infrared focal plane array based on slot‐antenna‐coupled metal‐oxide‐metal diodes is demonstrated. The receiving properties for millimeter‐wave and infrared antenna‐coupled detector pixels are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 78–80, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20906
Reply to “Remark on Group Velocity, Negative and Ultra‐High Index of Refraction in Photonic Band Gap Materials”
Authors: Ojha S. P. , Srivastava Sanjeev K. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 94–95, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20911
Enhancing quantum efficiency of MEH‐PPV through the reduction of chain aggregations by thermal treatments
Authors: Chou Hsuan‐Liang , Lin King‐Fu , Fan Yang‐Liang , Wang Ding‐Chang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe quantum efficiencies of photoluminescence (PL) and electro‐luminescence (EL) of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) were significantly increased by heat treatments under vacuum with further removing the undissolved portion. The UV–vis absorption was found to decrease with heating time, while PL intensity increased. The maximum PL quantum yield was 6.5 times that of the untreated MEH‐PPV, which was attributed to the reduction of chain aggregations and the interruption of conjugation length. The maximum EL quantum yield of their prepared ITO/PANI/MEH‐PPV/Ca/AL light emitting diodes (PLED) was 46 (at 3 V) times that of the untreated sample. A typical turn‐on voltage of 2.5 V for MEH‐PPV PLED was able to decrease to 1 V after heat treatments, which was believed to result from the decrease of cis linkages in the polymer chains as revealed by the 1H NMR spectroscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1705–1711, 2005
Hybrid DFT study of the hyperfine coupling constants of methyl radicals in model matrix lattices
Authors: Takada Tomoya , Tachikawa Hiroto 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe hyperfine coupling constants of hydrogen atom (H‐hfcc's, aH) of methyl radical (CH3) in matrices have been calculated by means of the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio methods in order to elucidate the effect of matrices on the H‐hfcc of CH3. Three typical matrices (X = CH4, H2, and Ar) were examined in the calculations. The systems calculated in the present work, denoted by CH3(X)n, are CH3(H2)n (n = 12 and 20), CH3(Ar)n (n = 12 and 18), and CH3(CH4)n (n = 12 and 18). The Møller–Plesset type 2 (MP2) and B3LYP methods were applied to the H‐hfcc calculation. The H‐hfcc of methyl radical was slightly perturbed by the interaction with matrices lattice, and it was shifted from that of free methyl radical (aH = −23.03 G). The mechanism of the shift of H‐hfcc of CH3 in matrices lattice was discussed on the basis of theoretical results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical study of 1,2‐rearrangement in silylmethanethiol
Authors: Zhang Jie , Feng Shengyu , Feng Dacheng , Xie Ju 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe 1,2‐rearrangements in silylmethanethiol were studied by ab initio molecular orbital theory. The structures of reactants, transition states, and products were fully optimized at the MP2(full)/6‐31G(d) levels. Based on the MP2(full)/6‐31G(d) geometries, harmonic frequencies were obtained. Energies were computed at the G3 level of theory with MP2(full)/6‐31G(d) zero‐point corrections. The results indicate that the 1,2‐rearrangement in silylmethanethiol may occur via two pathways. Pathway A involves the 1,2‐migration of mercapto group from carbon to silicon via a double three‐membered ring transition state, forming methylsilanethiol. The barrier for reaction A is 275.0 kJ/mol. Pathway B involves the 1,2‐migration of silyl group from carbon to sulfur via a four‐membered ring transition state, forming methylthiosilane. The barrier for reaction B is 262.3 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reactions were analyzed over a temperature range of 300–1,300K. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Improved accuracy of quantitative XPS analysis using predetermined spectrometer transmission functions with UNIFIT 2004
Authors: Hesse R. , Streubel P. , Szargan R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe accuracy of quantitative XPS analysis can be improved using predetermined transmission functions. Two different calibration methods are used for estimating the transmission function T(E) of a photoelectron spectrometer, applying a survey spectra approach (SSA) and a quantified peak‐area approach (QPA) to minimize the quantification error. For the SSA method, Au, Ag and Cu spectra measured with the Metrology Spectrometer II have been used. The new QPA method was built up from Au 4f, Au 4d, Au 4p3/2, Ag 3d, Ag 3p3/2, Cu 3p, Cu 2p3/2, Ge 3p and Ge 2p3/2 standard peak areas, applying adequate ionization cross‐sections and mean free path lengths for different pass energies (10 and 50 eV), lens modes (large area, large area XL, small area 150) and x‐ray sources (Al/Mg Twin and Al Mono). In the energy range 200–1500 eV a transmission function T(E) = a0 + b1E (where a0, b1 and b2 are variable parameters) was found to give an appropriate approximation for eight tested spectrometer settings, implementing the largest changes in the case of pass energy variations. Determination and application of the transmission functions were integrated in the XPS analysis software (UNIFIT 2004) and tested by means of an Ni90Cr10 alloy. The results demonstrate the practicability of the SSA and QPA methods, giving decreased errors of <8% in comparison with errors up to 38% obtained using Wagner's sensitivity factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Types of firms generating network externalities and MNCs' co‐location decisions
Authors: Chang Sea‐Jin , Park Sekeun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study identifies and examines sources of network externalities that influence MNCs to agglomerate their foreign operations in specific regions. Using data for Korean firms that invested in China, this study found that network externalities were sensitive to the types of firms constituting a regional network. It also found stronger network externalities within firms than across firms, from firms of the same nationality than from those of different nationalities, and from firms in the same industry than from those of different industries. As we defined the types of firms more precisely, distinctive curvilinear relationships between network externalities and the likelihood of co‐location emerged. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is failure good?
Authors: Knott Anne Marie , Posen Hart E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractApproximately 80–90 percent of new firms ultimately fail. The tendency is to think of this failure as wasteful. We, however, examine whether there are economic benefits to offset the waste. We characterize three potential mechanisms through which excess entry affects market structure, firm behavior, and efficiency, then test them in the banking industry. Results indicate that failed firms generate externalities that significantly and substantially reduce industry cost. On average these benefits exceed the private costs of the entrants. Thus failure appears to be good for the economy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontal lobe‐dependent functions in treated phenylketonuria: Blood phenylalanine concentrations and long‐term deficits in adolescents young adults
Authors: Feldmann R. , Denecke J. , Grenzebach M. , Weglage J. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryEven early‐treated phenylketonurics may suffer from phenylalanine‐related deficits. Elevated phenylalanine concentrations can interfere with the development and function of the CNS. Outcome beyond childhood has not been extensively investigated. This long‐term study was performed to determine whether adolescents and young adults with PKU show frontal lobe‐dependent deficits when compared to diabetic patients. The comparative study covered 35 PKU patients, 13–21 years of age (mean 17.8 years), and 35 diabetic patients matched for sex, age and socioeconomic status. Patients were assessed for IQ (Culture Fair Intelligence Test), information processing (Trail Making Test), and selective and sustained attention (Stroop Task, Test d‐2). Assessments were repeated within a 3‐year follow‐up. PKU patients showed no increase in blood phenylalanine concentrations at follow‐up. They had significantly poorer test results than the diabetic patients at both assessment times. Within the tests, however, this was due to reduced performance speed but not to deficits in specific frontal lobe‐dependent functions. Elevated phenylalanine concentrations seem to exert a global effect slowing performance speed. This effect is enduring in adolescence and early adulthood.
Elevated plasma citrulline and arginine due to consumption of Citrullus vulgaris (watermelon)
Authors: Mandel H. , Levy N. , Izkovitch S. , Korman S. H. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryA 19‐month‐old girl with developmental delay was found to have moderately elevated plasma citrulline and mildly elevated plasma arginine concentrations. Dietary history revealed that she consumed large quantities of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris), a fruit containing high free citrulline and arginine concentrations. In order to determine whether the patient's high watermelon intake could account for her elevated plasma citrulline and arginine concentrations, we studied the response of plasma citrulline and arginine to ingestion of watermelon in six healthy adult volunteers. All developed markedly elevated plasma citrulline (mean maximum 593 μmol/L, range 386–1069) and moderately elevated plasma arginine (mean maximum 199 μmol/L, range 128–251). Physicians and laboratory personnel performing metabolic investigations should be aware of watermelon‐induced citrullinaemia. Its hallmarks are elevated plasma citrulline, and to a lesser extent arginine, in the absence of orotic or arginosuccinic aciduria or hyperammonaemia. This phenomenon has implications for the management of patients with urea cycle and related disorders.
A survey of Japanese patients with Menkes disease from 1990 to 2003: Incidence and early signs before typical symptomatic onset, pointing the way to earlier diagnosis
Authors: Gu Y. H. , Kodama H. , Shiga K. , Nakata S. , Yanagawa Y. , Ozawa H. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryMenkes disease (MNK) is a lethal, X‐linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism dominated by neurodegenerative symptoms and connective tissue disturbances. The incidence of MNK in Asia is not known. Most patients die by the age of 3 years if adequate treatment is not carried out. Early parenteral administration of copper can prevent the neurological disturbances and lead to a better outcome. In the present study, a survey on MNK in Japan was performed. There were in total 53 live‐born Japanese patients with MNK collected from 1990 to 2003, including two females. The incidence of live‐born MNK patients between 1992 and 2002 was 2.8 per million live births (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8 to 3.7), 4.9 per million male live births (95% CI: 3.2 to 6.6). One‐third of the patients were born before 37 weeks or weighing less than 2500 g. Seventeen per cent were born both before 37 gestational weeks and weighing less than 2500 g. These proportions were higher than those in Japanese live‐birth babies according to a nationwide estimate. The hair on these Japanese patients appeared not only as white or grey but also brown and blond. We also found that many signs had been noted before the patient was brought to a hospital with typical symptoms. These signs may be a clue to early diagnosis of MNK.
Congenital cataract, muscular hypotonia, developmental delay and sensorineural hearing loss associated with a defect in copper metabolism
Authors: Horváth R. , Freisinger P. , Rubio R. , Merl T. , Bax R. , Mayr J. A. , Shawan  , Müller‐Höcker J. , Pongratz D. , Moller L. B. , Horn N. , Jaksch M. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryDeficiencies of different proteins involved in copper metabolism have been reported to cause human diseases. Well‐known syndromes, for example, are Menkes and Wilson diseases. Here we report a patient presenting with congenital cataract, severe muscular hypotonia, developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss and cytochrome‐c oxidase deficiency with repeatedly low copper and ceruloplasmin levels. These findings were suggestive of a copper metabolism disorder. In support of this, the patient's fibroblasts showed an increased copper uptake with normal retention. Detailed follow‐up examinations were performed. Immunoblotting for several proteins including ATP7A (MNK or Menkes protein), ATP7B (Wilson protein) and SOD1 showed normal results, implying a copper metabolism defect other than Wilson or Menkes disease. Sequence analysis of ATOX1 and genes coding for proteins that are known to play a role in the mitochondrial copper metabolism (COI–III, SCO1, SCO2, COX11, COX17, COX19) revealed no mutations. Additional disease genes that have been associated with cytochrome‐c oxidase deficiency were negative for mutations as well. As beneficial effects of copper histidinate supplementation have been reported in selected disorders of copper metabolism presenting with low serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels, we initiated a copper histidinate supplementation. Remarkable improvement of clinical symptoms was observed, with complete restoration of cytochrome‐c oxidase activity in skeletal muscle.
Preparation of 5‐amino‐4‐imidazole‐N‐succinocarboxamide ribotide, 5‐amino‐4‐imidazole‐N‐succinocarboxamide riboside and succinyladenosine, compounds usable in diagnosis and research of adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
Authors: Zikánová M. , Krijt J. , Hartmannová H. , Kmoch S. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) intervenes twice in the biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides. ADSL deficiency is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by various degrees of psychomotor retardation and accumulation of dephosphorylated enzyme substrates 5‐amino‐4‐imidazole‐N‐succinocarboxamide riboside (SAICAr) and succinyladenosine (SAdo) in body fluids. Severity of symptoms seems to correlate with residual activity of mutant enzyme and with SAdo/SAICAr concentration ratio in cerebrospinal fluid. To better understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease symptoms, studies of catalytic properties of mutant enzymes together with in vitro and in vivo experiments utilizing SAICAr and SAdo must be performed. Such studies require availability of both ADSL substrates, 5‐amino‐4‐imidazole‐N‐succinocarboxamide ribotide (SAICAR) and succinyladenosine 5′‐monophosphate (SAMP) and their dephosphorylated products in sufficient amounts and purity. Except for SAMP, none of these compounds is commercially available and they must therefore be synthesized. SAICAR was prepared by recombinant human ADSL‐catalysed reaction of AICAR (5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide) with fumarate and isolated by thin‐layer chromatography. SAICAr and SAdo were prepared by calf intestine alkaline phosphatase‐catalysed dephosphorylation of SAICAR and SAMP and isolated on cation‐ and anion‐exchange resin columns. The procedures described are easily scalable and provide high yields of sufficiently pure products for use in experiments related to studies of pathogenetic mechanisms in ADSL deficiency.
Normal acylcarnitine levels during confirmation of abnormal newborn screening in long‐chain fatty acid oxidation defects
Authors: Browning M. F. , Larson C. , Strauss A. , Marsden D. L. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryWe report two infants identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of neonatal blood spot acylcarnitines and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis to have long‐chain fatty acid oxidation defects. In both cases, acylcarnitine concentrations in confirmatory plasma samples were normal. None the less, molecular testing identified trifunctional protein (TFP) deficiency (McKusick 600890) and very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency (McKusick 201475).
The 625G>A SCAD gene variant is common but not associated with increased C4‐carnitine in newborn blood spots
Authors: Maldegem B. T. van , Waterham H. R. , Duran M. , Vlies M. van der , Woerden C. S. van , Bobu L. L. , Wanders R. J. A. , Wijburg F. A. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe 625G>A variant of the short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) gene is considered to confer susceptibility for developing ‘clinical SCAD deficiency’ and appears to be common in the general population. To determine the frequency of the 625G>A variant in The Netherlands, we analysed 1036 screening cards of 5‐ to 8‐day‐old newborns and found 5.5% homozygous and 31.3% heterozygous for the 625G>A variant. An increased blood/plasma C4‐carnitine concentration is considered to be one of the biochemical characteristics of SCAD deficiency. To explore the correlation of C4‐carnitine levels with the 625G>A variant, we determined the C4‐carnitine concentration, as well as the ratio of C4‐ to free carnitine, in blood spots from newborns, who were detected as homozygous, heterozygous or noncarriers for the gene variant. No significant differences were found between these groups. Our study demonstrates a high frequency of the 625G>A SCAD gene variant in the Dutch population, but no correlation to significantly increased C4‐carnitine levels in blood spots taken between the 5th and 8th days of life. This latter observation might be the result of the relatively late timing of neonatal screening in our country, implying that fatty acid oxidation disorders may be missed at that stage. If the 625G>A variant is associated with clinical SCAD deficiency, the high frequency of the variant suggests a possible involvement of SCAD deficiency in the pathogenesis of common disorders, probably in relation to other genetic and/or environmental factors. However, homozygosity for the 625G>A variant might be only a biochemical phenomenon, representing a ‘nondisease’.
Evaluation of three biochemical markers in the monitoring of Gaucher disease
Authors: Vellodi A. , Foo Y. , Cole T. J. 
Published: May 2005

SummarySeveral markers have been developed for the biochemical monitoring of Gaucher disease. Three of the most commonly used markers are acid phosphatase, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and chitotriosidase. The rationale for using all three concurrently is not clear. A retrospective study was therefore carried out on data collected from 28 paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy. All three markers fell with time. However, chitotriosidase showed the steepest time trend, the largest trend by case interaction, and the lowest residual variance, making it the most reliable of the three. ACE correlated strongly with chitotriosidase, but acid phosphatase did not correlate well with either and also had the largest residual variance, indicating that it was too ‘noisy’ to be informative. The absence of a ‘gold standard’ for assessing Gaucher disease complicates the interpretation of these findings, but they suggest that acid phosphatase be dropped from routine clinical practice, and that chitriosidase be used in preference to ACE.
Orthotopic liver transplantation from a living‐related donor in an infant with a peroxisome biogenesis defect of the infantile Refsum disease type
Authors: Maldergem L. Van , Moser A. B. , Vincent M.‐F. , Roland D. , Reding R. , Otte J.‐B. , Wanders R. J. , Sokal E. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryPeroxisomal biogenesis defects include a number of severe neurodevelopmental disorders, among which infantile Refsum disease (IRD) occupies the mildest end of the spectrum. Although high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and low phytanic acid diets can correct some of the biochemical defects, they have not consistently altered the progressive course of the disease. We carried out orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in a mildly symptomatic 6‐month‐old infant who was a sibling of a severely neurologically impaired older sister. After transplantation the clinical course of this young child appeared much improved by comparison to her older sister. She walked alone at 4 years, had acceptable social interaction and had a noticeable recovery of audition. After transplantation her biochemical parameters were significantly improved: phytanic acid and very long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA) serum concentrations decreased. Abnormal bile acids disappeared from plasma. Although the OLT did not result in a cure of the disorder, the clinical and biochemical results suggest that OLT should be considered in mildly symptomatic patients.
Dietary amino acids: effect of depletion and recovery on synthesis in vitro in rat skeletal muscle and liver
Authors: Omstedt P. T. , Von Der Decken Alexandra 
Published: May 2005

1. Rats were given diets containing 200 g/kg of a complete or incomplete amino acid mixture or of high- or low-quality proteins. After 6 d the amino acid-incorporating activity of ribosomes from skeletal muscle and liver was studied.2. The level of isotope incorporation relative to ribosomal RNA was similar for casein supplemented with methionine and for a complete amino acid mixture with the composition of whole-egg protein. Per wet weight of tissue there was a significant decrease after feeding with the complete amino acid mixture.3. There was a significant decrease in activity after feeding with amino acid mixtures deficient in lysine, methionine or tryptophan. In skeletal muscle, but not in liver, the ribosomal activity was less than that obtained with wheat gluten. Activity per wet weight of both tissues was less than that obtained with wheat gluten.4. Refeeding with methionine for 1 d resulted in complete restoration of ribosomal activity and activity per wet weight in skeletal muscle.5. After lysine deficiency, protein synthesis per unit wet weight of both tissues and ribosomal activity in liver were not restored after 2 d of refeeding. Recovery of ribosomal activity in skeletal muscle was complete after 1 d.6. Rats receiving the 200 g casein/kg diet supplemented with methionine at daily energy levels of 263, 176, 141 and 106 KJ (62.6, 42.1, 33.7 and 25.3 kcal) showed no changes in ribosomal activity, but there was a significant decrease in activity per wet weight when 106 KJ were given.