bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and high bleeding risk: subanalysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry
Authors: Kodani Eitaro , Inoue Hiroshi , Atarashi Hirotsugu , Okumura Ken , Yamashita Takeshi , Origasa Hideki ,   the J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, a once-daily dose of edoxaban (15-mg) has been approved for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients aged ≥ 80 years, in whom standard oral anticoagulants are not recommended because of high bleeding risk (HBR), based on the ELDERCARE-AF trial. However, information regarding the characteristics and clinical outcomes among such patients is limited. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics and event rates in elderly patients with NVAF and HBR defined by the ELDERCARE-AF criteria. Of the 7406 NVAF outpatients included in the J-RHYTHM Registry, 60 patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 15 mL/min were excluded. The remaining 7346 patients (age, 69.7 ± 9.9 years; men, 70.9%; warfarin use, 78.7%) were divided into three groups: Group 1, aged < 80 years (n = 6165); Group 2, aged ≥ 80 years without HBR (n = 584); and Group 3, aged ≥ 80 years with HBR (at least one of the followings; CrCl, 15–30 mL/min, history of bleeding, body weight ≤ 45 kg, and antiplatelet use) (n = 597, eligible for 15-mg edoxaban). Patients in Group 3 had a higher prevalence of comorbidities, and therefore, both higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk scores than in the other groups. During the 2-year follow-up period, the incidence rates (per 100 person-years) of thromboembolism in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 0.7, 1.5, and 2.1 (P < 0.001), major hemorrhage, 0.8, 1.2, and 2.0 (P < 0.001), and all-cause death, 0.8, 2.6, and 4.6 (P < 0.001), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios of Group 3 were 1.64 (95% confidence interval 0.89–3.04, P = 0.116) for thromboembolism, 1.53 (0.85–2.72, P = 0.154) for major hemorrhage, and 1.84 (1.19–2.85, P = 0.006) for all-cause death compared with Group 1. The NVAF Patients aged ≥ 80 years with HBR defined by the ELDERCARE-AF criteria were certainly at a higher adverse event risk, especially for all-cause death. Clinical trial registration: The J-RHYTHM Registry is registered in the University Hospital Medicine Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (unique identifier: UMIN000001569) http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/.
Correlation between pain and depressive symptoms in patients with confirmed endometriosis during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Helbig Martina , Schaal Nora K. , Drumm Johannes , Fürst Flurina , Reinhart Lisa , Fehm Tanja , Beyer Ines 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory condition which affects women of reproductive age physically and psychologically in their everyday life. The most common symptom is chronic lower abdominal pain. Apart from physical pain, endometriosis often also leads to an unfulfilled desire to give birth. In general, these two main aspects alone lead to emotional stress for patients and often initiate depressive symptoms. To what extent endometriosis patients are additionally affected by the COVID pandemic and its effects is to be determined in this study.

Methods
Patients who presented at our endometriosis center and met the study criteria were offered participation in the study. A link to an online questionnaire (SoSci-Survey) was sent by email. The online questionnaire evaluated depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic as well as the pain perception and perceived support during the pandemic. The data of 167 fully completed questionnaires were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS.

Results
The analysis of the questionnaires revealed a significant association between pain levels and depressive symptomatology in endometriosis patients during the pandemic. Patients with more severe pain showed significantly higher depressive symptoms than patients with little or no pain. During the pandemic, patients showed higher depressive symptoms than before. In addition, it was found that those endometriosis patients who felt left alone with their pain due to the consequences of the COVID pandemic, or who felt they had to endure the pain alone, also had higher depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
In summary, it can be observed that endometriosis patients with a high pain burden had significantly higher depressive symptoms during the COVID pandemic. The consequences of the pandemic often led to the feeling of having to cope with the symptoms alone or having to endure pain alone, which in turn increased the depressive symptoms. As treating physicians, we should be aware of these connections and try to counteract them with targeted offers and support.
The Fe(Ni)–C–N-phase diagram at 10 GPa—implications for nitrogen and carbon storage in the deep mantle
Authors: Pangritz Paul , Rohrbach Arno , Vollmer Christian , Berndt Jasper , Müller Susanne , Radić Dražen , Basten Simon , Klemme Stephan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNitrogen is the most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere, yet its geochemical behavior and distribution among the various reservoirs (atmosphere, crust, mantle, and core) remain poorly understood. Although estimates of N and C fluxes in the mantle vary, there is a consensus regarding the disparity between input and output, leading to an increase in N and C contents in the mantle. The low solubility of N in mantle minerals raises questions about possible N or C storage in the mantle. Evidence suggests that Fe–N–C phases, such as Fe3C, Fe7C3, ε-Fe3N, metals, and non-stoichiometric carbonitrides, may be accessory phases at mantle pressure and temperature conditions, and thus potential hosts of C and N in the deep mantle. To investigate the phase relations and melting behavior in the (Fe,Ni)–N–C system, 19 experiments were conducted with varying starting compositions at 10 GPa and 1000–1400 °C. The results indicate that carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, nitrocarbides, Fe(Ni)-metal, Fe-oxides, and diamond are stable at deep upper mantle pressure conditions. However, the compositions of naturally occurring nitrocarbides with high C and N contents, as found in diamond inclusions, could not be reproduced in the experiments. The significant incorporation of Ni in the experimental phases, which is also not observed in natural carbonitrides and nitrocarbides, suggests their formation in Ni-poor regimes. The solidus temperatures of the N- and C-rich systems are well below the adiabatic temperatures of the surrounding mantle. Therefore, it is hypothesized that cold regions in subduction zones, such as within or at the edge of a C- and N-rich subducted plate, are the likely formation environment for solid Fe–C–N phases.
Trypanosome diversity in small mammals in Uganda and the spread of Trypanosoma lewisi to native species
Authors: Babyesiza Waswa Sadic , Katakweba Abdul , Fornůsková Alena , Ssuunaf James , Akoth Sisiria , Mpagi Joseph , Goüy de Bellocq Joelle , Bryja Josef , Votýpka Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUganda’s diverse small mammalian fauna thrives due to its rich habitat diversity, which hosts a wide range of blood parasites, including trypanosomes, particularly the subgenus Herpetosoma typical for rodent hosts. We screened a total of 711 small mammals from various habitats for trypanosomes, with 253 microscopically examined blood smears and 458 tissue samples tested by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Of 51 rodent and 12 shrew species tested, microscopic screening reaches 7% overall prevalence (with four rodent species positive out of 15 and none of the shrew species out of four), while nested PCR indicated a prevalence of 13% (17 rodent and five shrew species positive out of 49 and 10, respectively). We identified 27 genotypes representing 11 trypanosome species, of which the majority (24 genotypes/9 species) belong to the Herpetosoma subgenus. Among these, we detected 15 new genotypes and two putative new species, labeled AF24 (found in Lophuromys woosnami) and AF25 (in Graphiurus murinus). Our finding of three new genotypes of the previously detected species AF01 belonging to the subgenus Ornithotrypanum in two Grammomys species and Oenomys hypoxanthus clearly indicates the consistent occurrence of this avian trypanosome in African small mammals. Additionally, in Aethomys hindei, we detected the putative new species of the subgenus Aneza. Within the T. lewisi subclade, we detected eleven genotypes, including six new; however, only the genotype AF05b from Mus and Rattus represents the invasive T. lewisi. Our study has improved our understanding of trypanosome diversity in African small mammals. The detection of T. lewisi in native small mammals expands the range of host species and highlighting the need for a broader approach to the epidemiology of T. lewisi.
Efbemalenograstim alfa, an Fc fusion protein, long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia following chemotherapy: results of a phase III trial
Authors: Glaspy John , Bondarenko Igor , Burdaeva Olga , Chen Jianmin , Rutty Dean , Li Renshu , Wang Shufang , Hou Qingsong , Li Simon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the safety and efficacy of efbemalenograstim alfa for reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

Methods
A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. A total of 122 subjects received up to 4 cycles of TA chemotherapy (75 mg/m2 docetaxel + 60 mg/m2 doxorubicin). Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to subcutaneously inject a single 20 mg of efbemalenograstim alfa or placebo on day 2 of cycle 1, and all subjects received efbemalenograstim alfa on day 2 of cycles 2, 3, and 4. Duration of severe (grade 4) neutropenia (DSN), depth of neutrophil nadir, incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), time to neutrophil recovery, and safety information were recorded.

Results
For the primary endpoint, the mean DSN in cycle 1 was 1.3 days and 3.9 days for efbemalenograstim alfa and placebo respectively (95% CI, 2.3, 3.4). As the lower bound of the 95% CI was > 0, superiority of efbemalenograstim alfa over placebo can be declared. In addition, the incidence of FN in Cycle 1 was lower in efbemalenograstim alfa group than in placebo group (4.8% vs. 25.6%; p = 0.0016). Patients in the efbemalenograstim alfa group required less intravenous antibiotics (3.6% vs. 17.9%; p = 0.0119). Most adverse events were consistent with those expected for breast cancer patient receiving TA chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Efbemalenograstim alfa is effective and safe for significantly decreasing the duration of severe neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients who are receiving TA chemotherapy.
Trial registration.
NCT02872103, August 19, 2016.
OAVA: the open audio-visual archives aggregator
Authors: Charitidis Polychronis , Moschos Sotirios , Bakouras Chrysostomos , Doropoulos Stavros , Makris Giorgos , Mauropoulos Nikolas , Nitsos Ilias , Zapounidou Sofia , Malliari Afrodite 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of an open-access audiovisual aggregation and search service platform developed for Greek audiovisual content during the OAVA (Open Access AudioVisual Archive) project. The platform allows the search of audiovisual resources utilizing metadata descriptions, as well as full-text search utilizing content generated from automatic speech recognition (ASR) processes through deep learning models. A dataset containing reliable Greek audiovisual content providers and their resources (1710 in total) is created. Both providers and resources are reviewed according to specific criteria already established and used for content aggregation purposes, to ensure the quality of the content and to avoid copyright infringements. Well-known aggregation services and well-established schemas for audiovisual resources have been studied and considered regarding both aggregated content and metadata. Most Greek audiovisual content providers do not use established metadata schemas when publishing their content, nor technical cooperation with them is guaranteed. Thus, a model is developed for reconciliation and aggregation. To utilize audiovisual resources the OAVA platform makes use of the latest state-of-the-art ASR approaches. OAVA platform supports Greek and English speech-to-text models. Specifically for Greek, to mitigate the scarcity of available datasets, a large-scale ASR dataset is annotated to train and evaluate deep learning architectures. The result of the above-mentioned efforts, namely selection of content, metadata, development of appropriate ASR techniques, and aggregation and enrichment of content and metadata, is the OAVA platform. This unified search mechanism for Greek audiovisual content will serve teaching, research, and cultural activities. OAVA platform is available at: https://openvideoarchives.gr/.
Polyandry works as bet-hedging in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, even after eliminating females in poor condition that cannot accept remating
Authors: Yamamoto Yuto , Yasui Yukio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAny kind of unpredictability affects female reproduction. In fluctuating environments, the fittest genotype can change between generations, and mating with “unsuitable” males will result in reproductive failure due to their genetic or environmental factors. If females cannot discriminate the quality of mates, monandrous mating with “unsuitable” male may lead to reproductive failure. Bet-hedging polyandry hypothesis suggests that polyandry can spread such risks over multiple males and some empirical studies support this hypothesis. However, no studies have considered the effect of female condition on mating acceptance. Because polyandry accumulates the costs of mating, only high conditioned females could accept multiple mating. In this study, females were assigned to monandry (M), two mating polyandry (2P), or three mating polyandry (3P) treatments. All females were mated with three males. For females assigned to the M treatment, for the second and third matings, we removed spermatophores immediately after transfer. For 2P females, the final spermatophore was removed immediately after transfer. Geometric mean fitness across (pseudo) generations as a long-term fitness index (calculated from the egg fertilization rate and egg hatching rate) significantly increased with the number of undisturbed mates. Therefore, the bet-hedging polyandry hypothesis is again supported after adjusting for the female condition.
Planning abilities of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in tool-using contexts
Authors: Musgrave Stephanie , Koni David , Morgan David , Sanz Crickette 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlanning is a type of problem solving in which a course of future action is devised via mental computation. Potential advantages of planning for tool use include reduced effort to gather tools, closer alignment to an efficient tool design, and increased foraging efficiency. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in the Goualougo Triangle use a variety of different types of tools. We hypothesized that procurement strategy (brought to the termite nest, manufactured or acquired at the termite nest, or borrowed from others) reflects planning for current needs, with tool transport behavior varying by tool type and by age and sex class. It is also possible that chimpanzees anticipate the need for tools at future times, which would be evidenced by transporting multiple tool types for a sequential task. One year of video recordings at termite nests were systematically screened for tool procurement; data comprised 299 tool procurement events across 66 chimpanzees. In addition, we screened video recordings of leaf sponging and honey gathering, which resulted in another 38 procurement events. Fishing probes, which are typically used during a single visit, were typically transported to termite nests, while puncturing tools, which are durable and remain on site, were more often acquired at termite nests. Most tools transported in multiples were fishing probes, perhaps in anticipation that a single probe might not last through an entire foraging bout or might be transferred to another chimpanzee. We further documented that chimpanzees transported tool sets, comprising multiple different tool types used in sequence. Mature chimpanzees transported tools more often than did immatures. These observations suggest that chimpanzees plan tool use flexibly, reflecting the availability of raw materials and the likelihood that specific tool types will be needed for particular tasks. Developmental studies and further integration of behavioral, spatial, and archaeological data will help to illuminate the decision making and time depth of planning associated with tool technologies in living primates and hominin ancestors.
Perception of climate change-related forest dieback in mountain forests among the local population
Authors: Garms Mareike , Leiz Maren , Mayer Marius 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMountain forests provide multiple benefits but are threatened by climate change-induced forest dieback. Although many studies summarize perceptions of forest ecosystem services, relatively few deal with mountain forests. The local population’s perception of forest dieback in mountain forests in relation to climate change has rarely been investigated so far. Their perspective is relevant as local people are often deeply attached to “their” forests, they actively use forest ecosystems and—as voters and taxpayers—they need to support the state’s adaptation and funding measures. Therefore, this study investigates the climate change and forest dieback perception of local inhabitants in two mountain areas of Southern Germany (the German Alps and the Bavarian Forest) with a quantitative survey based on representative online samples (n = 709). Relying conceptually on van der Linden’s (J Environ Psychol 41:112–124, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.012) climate change risk perception model, the results show that experiential processing, cognitive and socio-cultural factors are related to locals’ forest dieback and climate change perception, while socio-demographics show no or few connections. Nearly two-thirds (64.7%) of the respondents perceive moderate to strong forest dieback, while more than half (55.0%) of the respondents already observe consequences of climate change. The perceptions of climate change and forest dieback are positively correlated with medium to high strength. This shows that forest dieback could be interpreted as an indicator of climate change, which is difficult to observe due to its long-term nature. We identify three groups of respondents regarding preferred forest adaptation strategies to climate change. In general, respondents support nature-based forest adaptation strategies over intense measures.
Depression, suicide attempts, and exposure to physical attacks: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Mexico
Authors: Valencia Pablo D. , Díaz-Vásquez Lesly , Villacorta-Landeo Pamela , Berrospi-Lara Ttyffany , Cedillo-Balcázar Jamil , De la Rosa-Gómez Anabel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aim
This study investigated the relationship between direct exposure to physical attacks and mental health (depression and suicide attempts) in the Mexican adult population. It also examined biological sex as a possible effect modifier.

Subject and methods
A representative sample of 13,391 adults from the 2021 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Mexico (ENSANUT) was analyzed. Poisson regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios.

Results
Victims of physical violence more than doubled the prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.59, 95% CI 2.11–3.19) and more than sextupled the prevalence of suicide attempts (adjusted prevalence ratio = 6.67, 95% CI 3.25–13.69) compared to non-victims. Sex was not a significant effect modifier.

Conclusion
Direct exposure to physical attacks is associated with a higher prevalence of depression and suicide attempts in the Mexican adult population. The impact of attacks on these mental health outcomes is similar in men and women.
Unobtrusive measurement of self-regulated learning: A clickstream-based multi-dimensional scale
Authors: Cristea Tudor , Snijders Chris , Matzat Uwe , Kleingeld Ad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelf-regulated learning has seen a large increase in research interest due to its importance for online learning of higher education students. Several ways to measure self-regulated learning have been suggested. However, most measurements are either obtrusive, necessitating time and effort from students and potentially influencing the learning process, or only partially portable across courses. In the current study, we develop clickstream-based scales of four self-regulated learning phases that we show are portable across courses. The final scales are based on the COPES model and include two strong and reliable dimensions, enactment and adaptation, one dimension that performs reasonably, task definition, and a weaker one, goal-setting. By considering portability as the main criterion in the scale construction process, we ensured reliable transfer to both similar and dissimilar courses. When considering convergent validity, the created scale has higher bivariate and partial correlations with final student grades than the often-used self-reported MSLQ-SRL scale. We discuss limitations and future research to improve the scale further and facilitate adoption.
Regional pooling in extreme event attribution studies: an approach based on multiple statistical testing
Authors: Zanger Leandra , Bücher Axel , Kreienkamp Frank , Lorenz Philip , Tradowsky Jordis S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStatistical methods are proposed to select homogeneous regions when analyzing spatial block maxima data, such as in extreme event attribution studies. Here, homogeneitity refers to the fact that marginal model parameters are the same at different locations from the region. The methods are based on classical hypothesis testing using Wald-type test statistics, with critical values obtained from suitable parametric bootstrap procedures and corrected for multiplicity. A large-scale Monte Carlo simulation study finds that the methods are able to accurately identify homogeneous locations, and that pooling the selected locations improves the accuracy of subsequent statistical analyses. The approach is illustrated with a case study on precipitation extremes in Western Europe. The methods are implemented in an R package that allows for easy application in future extreme event attribution studies.