bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of isomerization pathways of multistep photoswitches by chalcogen bonding
Authors: Jia Shuaipeng , Ye Hebo , He Peng , Lin Xin , You Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultistep photoswitches are able to engage in different photoisomerization pathways and are challenging to control. Here we demonstrate a multistep sequence of E/Z isomerization and photocyclization/cycloreversion of photoswitches via manipulating the strength and mechanism of noncovalent chalcogen bonding interactions. The incorporation of chalcogens and the formyl group on open ethene bridged dithienylethenes offers a versatile skeleton for single photochromic molecules. While bidirectional E/Z photoswitching is dominated by neutral tellurium arising from enhanced resonance-assisted chalcogen bonding, the creation of cationic telluronium enables the realization of photocyclization/cycloreversion. The reversible nucleophilic substitution reactions further allow interconversion between neutral tellurium and cationic telluronium and selection of photoisomerization mechanisms on purpose. By leveraging unique photoswitching patterns and dynamic covalent reactivity, light and pH stimuli-responsive multistate rewritable materials were constructed, triggered by an activating reagent for additional control. The results should provide ample opportunities to molecular recognition, intelligent switches, information encryption, and smart materials.
The genomics and evolution of inter-sexual mimicry and female-limited polymorphisms in damselflies
Authors: Willink Beatriz , Tunström Kalle , Nilén Sofie , Chikhi Rayan , Lemane Téo , Takahashi Michihiko , Takahashi Yuma , Svensson Erik I. , Wheat Christopher West 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSex-limited morphs can provide profound insights into the evolution and genomic architecture of complex phenotypes. Inter-sexual mimicry is one particular type of sex-limited polymorphism in which a novel morph resembles the opposite sex. While inter-sexual mimics are known in both sexes and a diverse range of animals, their evolutionary origin is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genomic basis of female-limited morphs and male mimicry in the common bluetail damselfly. Differential gene expression between morphs has been documented in damselflies, but no causal locus has been previously identified. We found that male mimicry originated in an ancestrally sexually dimorphic lineage in association with multiple structural changes, probably driven by transposable element activity. These changes resulted in ~900 kb of novel genomic content that is partly shared by male mimics in a close relative, indicating that male mimicry is a trans-species polymorphism. More recently, a third morph originated following the translocation of part of the male-mimicry sequence into a genomic position ~3.5 mb apart. We provide evidence of balancing selection maintaining male mimicry, in line with previous field population studies. Our results underscore how structural variants affecting a handful of potentially regulatory genes and morph-specific genes can give rise to novel and complex phenotypic polymorphisms.
Synthesis of novel pyrazolone candidates with studying some biological activities and in-silico studies
Authors: Abdellattif Magda H. , Hamed Eman O. , Elhoseni Nourhan Kh. R. , Assy Mohamed G. , Emwas Abdul-Hamid M. , Jaremko Mariusz , Celik Ismail , Titi Abderrahim , Kumar Yadav Krishna , Elgendy Marwa S. , Shehab Wesam S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPyranopyrazole derivatives have a vital role in the class of organic compounds because of their broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological importance. Our current goal is the [3 + 3] cycloaddition of benzoyl isothiocyanate and pyrazolone 1 to undergo oxidation cyclization, producing pyrazoloxadiazine 3. The diol 5 was obtained as a condensation of two equivalents of 1 with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde in acetic acid above the sodium acetate mixture. When the condensation was carried out in piperidine under fusion, unsaturated ketone 4 was obtained. The pyrazolo pyran derivative 11 resulted from the [3 + 3] cycloaddition of 1 and cinnamic acid, while the Pyrone derivative was prepared by acylation of 12 with two equivalents of acetic anhydride. Phthalic anhydride undergoes arylation using zinc chloride as a catalyst. The cyclic keto acid 23 was synthesized by the action of succinic anhydride on 12 in the acetic medium, while the latter reacted with cinnamic acid, leading to pyrazole derivative 24. All of these reactions were through the Michael reaction mechanism. All the tested compounds showed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms; newly synthesized compounds were also screened for their antioxidant activity. Rational studies were carried out by the ABTs method to allow a broader choice of activities. In addition, similar off-compounds were conducted. Molecular docking studies with the CB-Dock server and MD simulations were created with the default settings of the Solution Builder on the CHARMM-GUI server at 150 nm. A good correlation was obtained between the experimental results and the theoretical bioavailability predictions using POM theory.
Integration of risk variants from GWAS with SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome prioritizes FUBP1 and RAB2A as risk genes for COVID-19
Authors: Shi Weiwen , Chen Mengke , Pan Tingting , Chen Mengjie , Cheng Yongjun , Hao Yimei , Chen Sheng , Tang Yuanjia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe role of host genetic factors in COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear despite various genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We annotate all significant variants and those variants in high LD (R2 > 0.8) from the COVID-19 host genetics initiative (HGI) and identify risk genes by recognizing genes intolerant nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions and genes associated with cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) in non-coding regions. These genes are enriched in the immune response pathway and viral life cycle. It has been found that host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) participate in different phases of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. We collect 503 RBPs that interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA concluded from in vitro studies. Combining risk genes from the HGI with RBPs, we identify two COVID-19 risk loci that regulate the expression levels of FUBP1 and RAB2A in the lung. Due to the risk allele, COVID-19 patients show downregulation of FUBP1 and upregulation of RAB2A. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data, we show that FUBP1 and RAB2A are expressed in SARS-CoV-2-infected upper respiratory tract epithelial cells. We further identify NC_000001.11:g.77984833C>A and NC_000008.11:g.60559280T>C as functional variants by surveying allele-specific transcription factor sites and cis-regulatory elements and performing motif analysis. To sum up, our research, which associates human genetics with expression levels of RBPs, identifies FUBP1 and RAB2A as two risk genes for COVID-19 and reveals the anti-viral role of FUBP1 and the pro-viral role of RAB2A in the infection of SARS-CoV-2.
Differential effects of interleukin-17A and 17F on cell interactions between immune cells and stromal cells from synovium or skin
Authors: Tout Issam , Noack Mélissa , Miossec Pierre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe compared the contribution of IL-17A and IL-17F in co-culture systems mimicking cell interactions as found in inflamed synovium and skin. Synoviocytes or skin fibroblasts were co-cultured with activated PBMC, with IL-17A, IL-17 A/F, IL-17F, IL-23, anti-IL-17A, anti-IL-17A/F or anti-IL-17F antibodies. IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6 and IL-10 production was measured at 48 h. mRNA expression of receptor subunits for IL-23, IL-12 and IL-17 was assessed at 24 h. Both cell activation and interactions were needed for a high IL-17A secretion while IL-17F was stimulated by PHA activation alone and further increased in co-cultures. IL-17F levels were higher than IL-17A in both co-cultures (p < 0.05). IL-17F addition decreased IL-17A secretion (p < 0.05) but IL-17A addition had no effect on IL-17F secretion. Interestingly, IL-17A and IL-17F upregulated IL-17RA and IL-17RC mRNA expression in PBMC/skin fibroblast co-cultures (p < 0.05) while only IL-17F exerted this effect in synoviocytes (p < 0.05). Monocyte exclusion in both co-cultures increased IL-17A and IL-17F (twofold, p < 0.05) while decreasing IL-10 and IL-6 secretion (twofold, p < 0.05). IL-17A and F had differential effects on their receptor expression with a higher sensitivity for skin fibroblasts highlighting the differential contribution of IL-17A and F in joint vs. skin diseases.
Surgical delay increases the survival of expanded random-pattern flap in pediatric patients
Authors: Ha Jeong Hyun , Lee Se Yeon , Choi Tae Hyun , Park Seong Oh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the aid of tissue expansion, the ideal design of random pattern flap is not always available in patients with extensive skin lesions. We investigated the effectiveness of surgical delay on expanded flaps in pediatric patients. Retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who underwent tissue expansion surgery for extensive skin lesions at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. The surgical delay technique was employed for patients with unfavorable flap conditions related to location or transposition angles. The dimensions of skin lesions and flaps were measured based on medical photographs. Fifty patients underwent a total of 66 tissue expansion procedures (49 conventional procedures among 41 patients, 17 surgical delay procedures among 15 patients) from January 2016 to September 2019. Although flaps in the surgical delay group were more narrow-based (p < 0.001), the partial flap loss rate and excised area-to-inflation amount ratio was comparable between the two groups (p = 0.093 and p = 0.194, respectively). Viable flaps, excluding postoperative necrosis, in the surgical delay group were significantly more narrow-based in terms of the length-to-base width ratio and the area-to-base width ratio compared to conventional group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). Surgical delay can result in outcomes comparable to well-designed random flaps, even in disadvantageous conditions. Patients with large skin lesions but limited areas for expansion may benefit from surgical delay.
First observation of fluid-like eddy-dominant bursty bulk flow turbulence in the Earth’s tail plasma sheet
Authors: Zhang L. Q. , Wang Chi. , Baumjohann W. , Wang R. S. , Wang J. Y. , Burch James L. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTurbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in neutral and conductive fluids. According to classical theory, turbulence is a rotating flow containing vortices of different scales. Eddies play a fundamental role in the nonlinear cascade of kinetic energy at different scales in turbulent flow. In conductive fluids, the Alfvénic/kinetic Alfvénic wave (AW/KAW) is the new “cell” of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence (frozen-in condition). Wave energy, which has equal kinetic and magnetic energy, is redistributed among multiple-scale Fourier modes and transferred from the large MHD scale to the small kinetic scale through the collision of counter-propagating Alfvénic wave packages propagating along the magnetic field line. Fluid-like eddy-dominant plasma flow turbulence has never been found in space since the launch of the first satellite in 1957. In this paper, we report the first observation of eddy-dominant turbulence within magnetic reconnection-generated fast flow in the Earth’s tail plasma sheet by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS). In eddy-dominant turbulent reconnection jet, ions dominate the flow field while electrons dominate current and magnetic fluctuations. Our findings shed new light on the nonlinear kinetic and magnetic energy cascade in MHD turbulence.
A scalable approach to optimize traffic signal control with federated reinforcement learning
Authors: Bao Jingjing , Wu Celimuge , Lin Yangfei , Zhong Lei , Chen Xianfu , Yin Rui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntelligent Transportation has seen significant advancements with Deep Learning and the Internet of Things, making Traffic Signal Control (TSC) research crucial for reducing congestion, travel time, emissions, and energy consumption. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as the primary method for TSC, but centralized learning poses communication and computing challenges, while distributed learning struggles to adapt across intersections. This paper presents a novel approach using Federated Learning (FL)-based RL for TSC. FL integrates knowledge from local agents into a global model, overcoming intersection variations with a unified agent state structure. To endow the model with the capacity to globally represent the TSC task while preserving the distinctive feature information inherent to each intersection, a segment of the RL neural network is aggregated to the cloud, and the remaining layers undergo fine-tuning upon convergence of the model training process. Extensive experiments demonstrate reduced queuing and waiting times globally, and the successful scalability of the proposed model is validated on a real-world traffic network in Monaco, showing its potential for new intersections.
Human amniotic membrane inhibits migration and invasion of muscle-invasive bladder cancer urothelial cells by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Janev Aleksandar , Ramuta Taja Železnik , Jerman Urška Dragin , Obradović Hristina , Kamenšek Urška , Čemažar Maja , Kreft Mateja Erdani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBladder cancer is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer with the highest lifetime treatment costs. The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost foetal membrane that possesses a wide range of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Despite the growing number of studies, the mechanisms associated with the anticancer effects of human amniotic membrane (hAM) are poorly understood. Here, we reported that hAM preparations (homogenate and extract) inhibited the expression of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers N-cadherin and MMP-2 in bladder cancer urothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, while increasing the secretion of TIMP-2. Moreover, hAM homogenate exerted its antimigratory effect by downregulating the expression of FAK and proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganisation, such as cortactin and small RhoGTPases. In muscle-invasive cancer urothelial cells, hAM homogenate downregulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, the key cascade involved in promoting bladder cancer. By using normal, non-invasive papilloma and muscle-invasive cancer urothelial models, new perspectives on the anticancer effects of hAM have emerged. The results identify new sites for therapeutic intervention and are prompt encouragement for ongoing anticancer drug development studies.
Hexagonal-shaped graphene quantum plasmonic nano-antenna sensor
Authors: Kavitha S. , Saxena Ravi Shankar , Singh Ashish , Kumari Kamakshi , Aneesh Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, a hexagonal-shaped graphene quantum plasmonic nanopatch antenna sensor is designed and investigated on silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and silicon substrates for quantum plasmonic biosensing applications. The optical properties of graphene are demonstrated using Kubo modeling to analyze the plasmon resonance characteristics of the nanopatch antenna. Nano-circuit modeling of the hexagonal-shaped graphene nano-antenna is proposed and validated using CST simulations. The parametric analysis of the hexagonal-shaped nanopatch antenna is performed using design parameters such as R (radius of the hexagon), Tp (thickness of the hexagon) and µc (chemical potential of graphene) to obtain optimum characteristics suitable for quantum plasmonic sensing applications. The study demonstrates that the proposed hexagonal-shaped nano-antenna exhibits gain of 4.9 dBi, 2.46 dBi, 14.99 dBi, 8.25 dBi, 5.15 dBi, 10.87 dBi and 2.4 dBi at 29.87 THz, 30 THz, 35 THz, 113.5 THz, 132.5 THz, 85 THz and 24 THz, respectively. The field enhancement factors observed at these frequencies are 794, 779, 584, 255, 234, 654 and 217, respectively.
Kif21a deficiency leads to impaired glomerular filtration barrier function
Authors: Riedmann Hanna , Kayser Séverine , Helmstädter Martin , Epting Daniel , Bergmann Carsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe renal glomerulus represents the major filtration body of the vertebrate nephron and is responsible for urine production and a number of other functions such as metabolic waste elimination and the regulation of water, electrolyte and acid–base balance. Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells that form a crucial part of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) by establishing a slit diaphragm for semipermeable plasma ultrafiltration. Defects of the GFB lead to proteinuria and impaired kidney function often resulting in end-stage renal failure. Although significant knowledge has been acquired in recent years, many aspects in podocyte biology are still incompletely understood. By using zebrafish as a vertebrate in vivo model, we report a novel role of the Kinesin-like motor protein Kif21a in glomerular filtration. Our studies demonstrate specific Kif21a localization to the podocytes. Its deficiency resulted in altered podocyte morphology leading to podocyte foot process effacement and altered slit diaphragm formation. Finally, we proved considerable functional consequences of Kif21a deficiency by demonstrating a leaky GFB resulting in severe proteinuria. Conclusively, our data identified a novel role of Kif21a for proper GFB function and adds another piece to the understanding of podocyte architecture and regulation.
Fault tolerant trust based task scheduler using Harris Hawks optimization and deep reinforcement learning in multi cloud environment
Authors: Mangalampalli Sudheer , Karri Ganesh Reddy , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Ali Shahid , Khan M. Ijaz , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCloud Computing model provides on demand delivery of seamless services to customers around the world yet single point of failures occurs in cloud model due to improper assignment of tasks to precise virtual machines which leads to increase in rate of failures which effects SLA based trust parameters (Availability, success rate, turnaround efficiency) upon which impacts trust on cloud provider. In this paper, we proposed a task scheduling algorithm which captures priorities of all tasks, virtual resources from task manager which comes onto cloud application console are fed to task scheduler which takes scheduling decisions based on hybridization of both Harris hawk optimization and ML based reinforcement algorithms to enhance the scheduling process. Task scheduling in this research performed in two phases i.e. Task selection and task mapping phases. In task selection phase, all incoming priorities of tasks, VMs are captured and generates schedules using Harris hawks optimization. In task mapping phase, generated schedules are optimized using a DQN model which is based on deep reinforcement learning. In this research, we used multi cloud environment to tackle availability of VMs if there is an increase in upcoming tasks dynamically and migrate tasks to one cloud to another to mitigate migration time. Extensive simulations are conducted in Cloudsim and workload generated by fabricated datasets and realtime synthetic workloads from NASA, HPC2N are used to check efficacy of our proposed scheduler (FTTHDRL). It compared against existing task schedulers i.e. MOABCQ, RATS-HM, AINN-BPSO approaches and our proposed FTTHDRL outperforms existing mechanisms by minimizing rate of failures, resource cost, improved SLA based trust parameters.
The role of chronic pain and pain anxiety in delay discounting of pain and monetary losses
Authors: Białaszek Wojciech , Mizak Szymon , Ostaszewski Paweł , Bąbel Przemysław 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPain may alter intertemporal decisions by modifying the value of pain-related outcomes. For example, a person with chronic back pain may be faced with two choices: undergo surgery that could provide long-term relief but would involve additional short-term pain and discomfort during recovery; or continue living with the chronic pain and avoid the surgery, thus leading to overall deteriorated health. Such choices are well captured by delay discounting, which is defined as the decline in the subjective value of an outcome as the delay of its receipt increases. We investigated general pain anxiety and delay discounting of monetary losses and pain in 255 individuals with and without chronic pain. We found that people with chronic pain tend to discount the value of pain outcomes more than those without chronic pain, suggesting that chronic pain may contribute to impulsivity in decision-making related to pain. Moreover, the effect of chronic pain on delay discounting was mediated through general pain anxiety. This result, however, should be taken with caution, because the effect sizes were small, and the path model was underpowered. In conclusion, people with chronic pain might be more likely to prioritize avoiding immediate discomfort and may undervalue the potential long-term benefits of actions that could alleviate their pain in the future.
Dynamics of iron metabolism in patients with bloodstream infections: a time-course clinical study
Authors: Moro Hiroshi , Bamba Yuuki , Nagano Kei , Hakamata Mariko , Ogata Hideyuki , Shibata Satoshi , Cho Hiromi , Aoki Nobumasa , Sato Mizuho , Ohshima Yasuyoshi , Watanabe Satoshi , Koya Toshiyuki , Takada Toshinori , Kikuchi Toshiaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe close relationship between infectious diseases and iron metabolism is well known, but a more detailed understanding based on current knowledge may provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, considering the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study investigated adult patients with bloodstream infections, temporal changes, and relationships between blood levels of iron and related markers, including hepcidin and lipocalin-2 (LCN2). We included 144 samples from 48 patients (mean age 72 years, 50% male), with 30 diagnosed with sepsis. During the acute phase of infection, blood levels of hepcidin and LCN2 increased rapidly, whereas iron levels decreased, with values in 95.8% of cases below the normal range (40–188 μg/dL). Later, hepcidin and LCN2 decreased significantly during the recovery phase, and the decreased iron concentrations were restored. In the case of persistent inflammation, iron remained decreased. Acute LCN2 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis (p < 0.01). Hypoferremia induced by increased hepcidin would reduce iron in the environment of extracellular pathogens, and the increased LCN2 would inhibit siderophores, resulting in the prevention of the pathogen’s iron acquisition in each manner during the acute phase of bloodstream infection.