bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphochromatic spectrum through gonad development stages of the razor surgeonfish, Prionurus laticlavius (Valenciennes, 1846) (Actinopterygii: Acanthuriformes)
Authors: Aguilar‐Santana Fernando A. , Schmitter‐Soto Juan Jacobo , Lucano‐Ramírez Gabriela , Avila‐Poveda Omar Hernando , Arellano‐Martínez Marcial 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGonad development stages (GDS) are a critical tool that can be easily applied in fisheries to visually discriminate mature from immature organisms and assess their reproductive condition. This study proposes a morphochromatic scale to define gonad development stages for razor surgeonfish (Prionurus laticlavius) based on morphological and structural assessments of the gonad, histologically validated using multivariate dummy matrices modeled through multiple linear regression analyses. Gonads of 271 specimens were photographed prior to preservation to describe their shape, size, color, and turgor for morphochromatic analysis. Later, gonads were processed using standard histological methods. An oocyte growth scale was designed based on oocyte diameter and follicular wall thickness for each stage. In addition, five morphochromatic gonad development stages were histologically validated: immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing, and regenerating. Morphochromatic variations were observed in the last three stages in both sexes. Results show that gonad morphology and structure of P. laticlavius are similar to those of other acanthurids, albeit with some asymmetric and morphological differences, as well as gonad morphochromatic in both sexes. These findings confirm that maturation is species‐specific. Also, although not a critical character, gonad colouration was found to play a major role in distinguishing between gonad development stages along with shape, size, vascularity (females), and folds (males). Therefore, gonad colouration should not be entirely overlooked because doing so may lead to errors in determining sexual maturity stages.
Design and evaluation of pneumatic impact‐twisting combined walnut fixed posture shell‐breaking mechanism
Authors: Wang Yingbiao , Wang Zhoumei , Liu Mengdi , Wan Shuanglin , Zhang Chaoyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe traditional walnut shelling methods, involving single‐stage or secondary processes, face challenges such as increased costs, uncertainties in shell positioning, and irregular crack expansion. To address these issues, this article introduces an innovative pneumatic impact‐twisting combined shelling method based on walnut fixed posture. The shelling mechanism design and orthogonal test were conducted, optimizing parameters like spring wire diameter (A), pressing head rotation angle (B), and cylinder locking air pressure (C) using evaluation criteria such as superior‐grade rate, intermediate‐grade rate, broken kernel rate, and shelling rate. Results indicate that the optimal shelling effect is achieved with a 3.5 mm steel spring wire diameter, a 100° downward pressing head rotation angle, and a 0.6 MPa cylinder locking air pressure on the pressure arm. The corresponding rates are as follows: superior‐grade rate 29.49%, intermediate‐grade rate 52.54%, broken kernel rate 10.14%, and shelling rate 91.04%. This study demonstrates that the pneumatic impact‐twisting combined walnut fixed posture shelling method improves post‐shelling quality, offering new design concepts for walnut shelling equipment.Practical ApplicationsThis introduces an innovative method that combines impact with twisting, and a pneumatic impact‐twisting combined walnut fixed posture shell‐breaking test device has been developed. Mechanical analysis was conducted for each stage of shell‐breaking. The research indicates that the pneumatic impact‐twisting combined method can enhance the production quality of walnut kernels after shell‐breaking. The test results indicate an improvement in the yield of 1/2 and 1/4 kernels compared to existing shell‐breaking methods. The inventive design of this shell‐breaking module contributes to the walnut kernel quality in the shell‐breaking production line, offering new methods and concepts for the design and advancement of walnut shell‐breaking devices.
A buried gneiss dome in the northern Gawler Craton: The record of early Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1600–1560 Ma) extension in southern Proterozoic Australia
Authors: Yu Jie , Hand Martin , Morrissey Laura J. , Payne Justin L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMabel Creek Ridge, in the northern Gawler Craton, is a granulite‐facies domain recording early Mesoproterozoic metamorphism, flanked by less metamorphosed rocks and dissected by crustal‐scale divergent structures. The nature of early Mesoproterozoic events is poorly understood due to the lack of basement outcrop. Calculated metamorphic phase diagrams and geochronology are used to decipher the tectonic regime of a potential gneiss dome. Pressure–temperature (P–T) modelling of metapelites from five drill holes across Mabel Creek Ridge suggests it has experienced conditions of ~6.4–7.4 kbar and 800–850°C and the growth of suprasolidus cordierite after garnet indicates subsequent decompression. In situ U–Pb monazite and Lu–Hf garnet geochronology constrains the granulite‐facies metamorphism of Mabel Creek Ridge to ca. 1600–1560 Ma. In contrast, drill hole GOMA DH4 located to the north of Mabel Creek Ridge records conditions of 2.2–5.4 kbar and 710–740°C at ca. 1520 Ma, with no evidence for 1600–1560 Ma metamorphism. Our new P–T pseudosection results and geochronology data from Mabel Creek Ridge and adjacent crust, coupled with the regional seismic and airborne magnetic data, reveal that Mabel Creek Ridge represents a record of early Mesoproterozoic extension in the Gawler Craton, during which thermally perturbed lower crustal rocks were exhumed within a gneiss dome. Early Mesoproterozoic extension took place within a complex geodynamic regime resulting from the interplay between final Nuna convergence along the margin of northeast Australia at ca. 1600 Ma and subduction to the southwest at ca. 1630–1610 Ma.
A method for crystallographic mapping of an alpha‐beta titanium alloy with nanometre resolution using scanning precession electron diffraction and open‐source software libraries
Authors: MacLaren Ian , Frutos‐Myro Enrique , Zeltmann Steven , Ophus Colin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn approach for the crystallographic mapping of two‐phase alloys on the nanoscale using a combination of scanned precession electron diffraction and open‐source python libraries is introduced in this paper. This method is demonstrated using the example of a two‐phase α/β titanium alloy. The data were recorded using a direct electron detector to collect the patterns, and recently developed algorithms to perform automated indexing and analyse the crystallography from the results. Very high‐quality mapping is achieved at a 3 nm step size. The results show the expected Burgers orientation relationships between the α laths and β matrix, as well as the expected misorientations between α laths. A minor issue was found that one area was affected by 180° ambiguities in indexing occur due to this area being aligned too close to a zone axis of the α with twofold projection symmetry (not present in 3D) in the zero‐order Laue Zone, and this should be avoided in data acquisition in the future. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates a good workflow for the analysis of nanocrystalline two‐ or multi‐phase materials, which will be of widespread use in analysing two‐phase titanium and other systems and how they evolve as a function of thermomechanical treatments.
Radiographically guided femoral neck osteosynthesis with cannulated compressive titanium screw and anti‐rotational component in a Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)
Authors: Rovaris Inácio Bernhardt , Meyer Jacqueline , Rodrigues Paola Antunes , Surita Lívia Eichenberg , Picoli Roberta , Filho Fábio Trindade Dutra de Almeida , Monteiro Eduardo Raposo , Alievi Marcelo Meller 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA Brown Howler Monkey presented with a femoral neck fracture was successfully treated with a cannulated compressive screw and an anti‐rotational component inserted with radiographically guided technique. Complete bone consolidation and functional recovery were observed 9 weeks after the surgery, and the monkey was released to his place of origin.
Japanese Translation of the Concerns of Social Reprisal Scale and Examination of the Bivalent Fear of Evaluation Model for Social Anxiety in Japan
Authors: Okawa Sho , Noda Shota , Weeks Justin W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe bivalent fear of evaluation model explains the association of fear of evaluation and heightened social anxiety via concerns of social reprisal (CSR) and disqualification of positive social outcomes (DPSO). The constructs of the model may differ in individualistic (e.g., Australia) and collectivistic countries (e.g., Japan); however, no study has examined the model, including CSR, in collectivistic countries. This study develops the Japanese translation of the Concerns of Social Reprisal Scale (CSRS) and examines constructs of the bivalent fear of evaluation model in Japan. Overall, 496 participants completed CSR and social‐anxiety‐related questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 1‐factor structure for the Japanese translation of the CSRS. Convergent validity and internal consistency were supported by significant relationships between social‐anxiety‐related variables and high McDonald's ω coefficient. Discriminant validity was partially supported by higher correlation between the CSRS and DPSO scale than correlation to the fear of negative evaluation scale. Path analysis revealed that the best fitting bivalent fear of evaluation model is similar to the individualistic country model, although DPSO contributes to social anxiety symptoms more than fear of positive evaluation.
A retrospective study of hydrocortisone continuous rate infusion compared with administration of dexamethasone boluses in dogs with adrenal crisis
Authors: Brunori Lara , Walesby Olivia X. , Lewis Daniel H. , Boag Alisdair M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence indicating the optimal treatment protocol for dogs in adrenal crisis is lacking.ObjectivesCompare outcomes of dogs presented in adrenal crisis treated with either hydrocortisone (HC) continuous rate infusion (CRI) or intermittent dexamethasone (DEX) administration.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned dogs.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective observational study (July 2016‐May 2022) including dogs diagnosed with adrenal crisis and with available sequential blood work during hospitalization. Dogs were excluded if already on treatment with exogenous corticosteroids. Outcomes assessed included duration of hospitalization, survival, number of repeat measurements of electrolyte concentrations, and time to normalization of electrolyte and acid‐base status.ResultsNo significant difference was found between the groups for hospitalization time (P = .41; HC median [range] 48 h [19‐105 h]; DEX 57 h [17‐167 h]) nor case fatality rate 2/28 in the DEX group and 0/11 in the HC group (P = 1), nor in number of measurements of electrolyte concentrations (P = .90; HC 4 [2‐10]; DEX 4.5 [2‐15]). No significant differences were found between the 2 treatment groups in time to normalization of serum Na (P = .30; HC 33 h [7‐66 h]; DEX 16 h [1.5‐48 h]), K (P = .92; HC 17 h [4‐48 h]; DEX 16 h [1.25‐60 h]) or Na/K ratio (P = .08; HC 17 h [8‐48 h]; DEX 26 h [1.5‐60 h]).ConclusionsThis study detected no difference in outcomes for dogs in adrenal crisis treated with either DEX boluses or HC CRIs.
Anti‐obesity pharmacological agents for polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis to inform the 2023 international evidence‐based guideline
Authors: Goldberg Alyse , Graca Sandro , Liu Jing , Rao Vibhuti , Witchel Selma Feldman , Pena Alexia , Li Rong , Mousa Aya , Tay Chau Thien , Pattuwage Loyal , Teede Helena , Yildiz Bulent O. , Ee Carolyn 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the efficacy of anti‐obesity agents for hormonal, reproductive, metabolic, and psychological outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to inform the 2023 update of the International Evidence‐based Guideline on PCOS. We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL until July 2022 with a 10‐year limit to focus on newer agents. Eleven trials (545 and 451 participants in intervention and control arms respectively, 12 comparisons) were included. On descriptive analyses, most agents improved anthropometric outcomes; liraglutide, semaglutide and orlistat appeared superior to placebo for anthropometric outcomes. Meta‐analyses were possible for two comparisons (exenatide vs. metformin and orlistat + combined oral contraceptive pill [COCP] vs. COCP alone). On meta‐analysis, no differences were identified between exenatide versus metformin for anthropometric, biochemical hyperandrogenism, and metabolic outcomes, other than lower fasting blood glucose more with metformin than exenatide (MD: 0.10 mmol/L, CI 0.02–0.17, I2 = 18%, 2 trials). Orlistat + COCP did not improve metabolic outcomes compared with COCP alone (fasting insulin MD: −8.65 pmol/L, −33.55 to 16.26, I2 = 67%, 2 trials). Published data examining the effects of anti‐obesity agents in women with PCOS are very limited. The role of these agents in PCOS should be a high priority for future research.
Exploring the role of FBXL gene family in Soybean: Implications for plant height and seed size regulation
Authors: Hina Aiman , Khan Nadeem , Kong Keke , Lv Wenhuan , Karikari Benjamin , Abbasi Asim , Zhao Tuanjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractF‐box proteins constitute a significant family in eukaryotes and, as a component of the Skp1p‐cullin‐F‐box complex, are considered critical for cellular protein degradation and other biological processes in plants. Despite their importance, the functions of F‐box proteins, particularly those with C‐terminal leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domains, remain largely unknown in plants. Therefore, the present study conducted genome‐wide identification and in silico characterization of F‐BOX proteins with C‐terminal LRR domains in soybean (Glycine max L.) (GmFBXLs). A total of 45 GmFBXLs were identified. The phylogenetic analysis showed that GmFBXLs could be subdivided into ten subgroups and exhibited a close relationship with those from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cicer aretineum, and Medicago trunculata. It was observed that most cis‐regulatory elements in the promoter regions of GmFBXLs are involved in hormone signalling, stress responses, and developmental stages. In silico transcriptome data illustrated diverse expression patterns of the identified GmFBXLs across various tissues, such as shoot apical meristem, flower, green pods, leaves, nodules, and roots. Overexpressing (OE) GmFBXL12 in Tianlong No.1 cultivar resulted in a significant difference in seed size, number of pods, and number of seeds per plant, indicated a potential increase in yield compared to wild type. This study offers valuable perspectives into the role of FBXLs in soybean, serving as a foundation for future research. Additionally, the identified OE lines represent valuable genetic resources for enhancing seed‐related traits in soybean.
Perspectives of suicide loss survivors: Qualitative analysis of data from a psychological autopsy study of U.S. Army soldiers
Authors: Zuromski Kelly L. , Wilks Chelsey R. , Al‐Suwaidi Maha , Wittler Ellen , Scherban Lilly , Hite Blake , Raymond LaTashia , Dempsey Catherine L. , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. , Benedek David , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicide loss survivors can provide information not otherwise available about the circumstances preceding a suicide. In this study, we analyzed interview data from suicide loss survivors collected as part of a psychological autopsy study of U.S. Army soldiers.MethodsNext‐of‐kin (NOK) (n = 61) and Army supervisors (SUP) (n = 107) of suicide decedents (n = 135) who had died in the last 2–3 months answered open‐ended questions about suicide risk factors, ideas for improving suicide prevention, and the impact of the suicide. Responses were coded using conventional content analysis methods to identify common themes.ResultsMany NOK (30%) and SUP (50%) did not observe any signs of risk preceding the soldier's suicide. The most common idea regarding suicide prevention from SUP was that the suicide was inevitable, whereas NOK were more likely to emphasize the importance of increasing mental health treatment and reducing stigma. Both NOK and SUP reported negative effects of the suicide, but SUP reported some positive effects (e.g., increased unit connectedness).ConclusionsResults underscore the challenges of using informants to identify soldiers at high risk of suicide, given many respondents did not observe any warning signs. Findings also highlight attitudinal barriers present in the military that, if targeted, may increase soldiers' help‐seeking and willingness to disclose their risk.
Suppression of entireleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray) growth by lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) on soybean field levees in southwestern Japan
Authors: Asami Hidenori , Fushimi Akihide , Homma Koki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe spread of morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) in Japanese soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) fields has severely decreased soybean yields. Field levees are believed to be a source of this invasion. The introduction of Zoysia japonica Steud. is expected to suppress weed growth and reduce the required labor for weed management on the levees. In this study, field experiments were conducted on the soybean levees of turf (Z. japonica), bare, and weed (mainly broad leaf weeds such as white clover) from 2017 to 2019 to compare its effects on the occurrence, growth, and seed production of I. hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. integriuscula A. Gray. The canopy height in the turf levee was the lowest, and the vegetation cover rate was the highest. At the flowering and fruiting stage of I. hederacea var. integriuscula (September), the largest number of I. hederacea var. integriuscula that survived were on the turf levee; however, the plant length, dry weight, and the number of fruits were the least. Additionally, the stems of the morning glory on the turf levee were slight and spindly, and their growth and seed productivity were suppressed. Consequently, vegetation conversion to Z. japonica on the soybean field levees can be an effective strategy to suppress the colonization and growth of morning glory, thereby, improving soybean yields.
Large Eddy Simulation of a Turbulent Polydisperse Spray Flow: A Comparative Study of Subgrid Scale Models and Droplet Injection Models
Authors: Zhang Teng , Li Jinghua , Yan Yingwen , Fan Yuxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study performs an investigation of the effects of the subgrid-scale (SGS) and droplet injection models in the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent two-phase spray flows. Three LES SGS models (Smagorinsky, wall-adapting local eddy viscosity (WALE), and dynamic Smagorinsky) and two droplet injection models (cone nozzle injection and conditional droplet injection) are validated to the experimental measurements. For both gaseous and liquid phases, all SGS models provide comparable results, indicating that the current two-phase flow field does not exhibit a pronounced sensitivity to the LES SGS model. As for different droplet injection models and spray dispersion angles, minimal differences are observed in the prediction of the gaseous mean and root-mean-square (RMS) velocity profiles. However, for the result of liquid phase, CDIM (conditional droplet injection model) predictions of the droplet mean diameter and velocity are in better agreement with experiments, and less sensitive to spray dispersion angle settings. While the CNIM (cone nozzle injection model) prediction of droplet diameter is less accurate when increasing the dispersion angle. The study suggests that turbulent two-phase spray flows are more influenced by the spray boundary conditions rather than the LES SGS models.
Efficient Acceleration of Electrons by Moderate-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Vais O. E. , Lobok M. G. , Soloviev A. A. , Mironov S. Yu. , Khazanov E. A. , Bychenkov V. Yu. 
Published: February 2024

The relativistic self-trapping of a laser pulse is an efficient mechanism for the acceleration of electrons, which allows one to achieve an extreme charge of a high-energy particle beam and the corresponding conversion coefficient of laser energy. It has been shown that the compression of the femtosecond laser pulse in this regime using the innovative compression after compressor approach (CafCA) [E.A. Khazanov, S.Yu. Mironov, and G. Mourou, Phys. Usp. 62, 1096 (2019)] to extremely short durations keeping the energy of the laser beam significantly increases the efficiency of particle acceleration. This effect has been illustrated on the example of the Multitera laser facility for the project implemented at the Russian National Center for Physics and Mathematics.
Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of New 5-Alkynyl Derivatives of 2-Thiouridine
Authors: Platonova Ya. B. , Kirillova V. A. , Volov A. N. , Savilov S. V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
New efficient mycobacterial inhibitors based on 5-substituted 2-thiouridine derivatives have been described. A series of new 5-alkynyl-substituted 2-thiouridines have been synthesized in good yields by the palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling of 5-iodo-2-thiopyrimidine base with terminal alkynes in DMF at room temperature. The presence of a sulfur atm at C2 of the pyrimidine ring has been shown not to affect the yield of the target compounds. The synthesized 2-thiouridine derivatives were evaluated for their antimyco­bacterial activity against Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis at concentrations of 0.1 to 100 μg/mL using microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). The compounds showed high antimycobacterial activity against both tested strains. The MIC50 values for 2-thionucleosides 14–16 (0.28–0.75 μg/mL) were much superior to those of the reference drugs rifampicin, D-cycloserine, and isoniazid, which makes these compounds promising for further more detailed study.
Acute renal failure as a key to significant neonatal weight loss
Authors: Moscoso Joana , Serôdio Margarida , Prior Ana Rita 
Published: February 2024

We present a case of a male neonate who experienced a 13.5% weight loss at 96 hours of life, despite receiving adequate calorie intake and exhibiting no feeding difficulties. The pregnancy was uneventful, and maternal serological investigation was normal. A routine ultrasound at 34 weeks of gestational age revealed late oligohydramnios. The neonate was delivered at 35 weeks of gestational age by forceps, weighing 2600 g. Physical examination disclosed bilateral cryptorchidism. Laboratory studies unveiled acute kidney injury (AKI) with hyperkalaemia. Renal ultrasound revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and renal dysplasia with pyelocalyceal dilatation. Despite early recognition and treatment, the newborn developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI is an important and under-recognised cause of significant neonatal weight loss.This case underscores the significance of considering AKI as a potential and under-recognised cause of neonatal weight loss. It emphasises the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion for early AKI diagnosis to mitigate the risk of progression to CKD.