bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Luwian Dedication
Authors: Melchert H Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We owe to Anna Morpurgo Davies an entire series of ground-breaking analyses of various aspects of Luwian grammar, encompassing phonology, morphology, and syntax. Admiration for these accomplishments is heightened among those of us who know just how difficult it has been merely to collect for H(ieroglyphic) Luwian all the relevant data needed to draw valid generalizations, much less to offer convincing solutions to the many problems raised. Thanks to the magnificent recently published corpus of Iron Age inscriptions by David Hawkins (2000), we now have greatly enhanced opportunities to use the two forms of Luwian in complementary fashion to elucidate both. I hope that both our honorand and others will find the following a persuasive example of this technique.
On Vedic Suppletion: dāś and vidh
Authors: Ramón José Luis García 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vedic dāś ‘honour, worship, revere, offer’ has three constructions in common with synonymous vidh: (a)with dative of the recipient and instrumental of the offering, (b)with dative of the recipient and accusative of the offering, and (c)with accusative of the recipient and instrumental of the offering. Of these constructions (a)is by far the most frequently attested in both roots as against (b)and (c), the occurrences of which are extremely rare (§ §2–3). The overwhelming preponderance of construction (a)is exclusively restricted to both dāśand vidh, in sharp contrast with other verbs of offering and celebrating, which have types (b)and/or (c)4).
Why am I My Brother’s Keeper?
Authors: Regan Donald H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I want to cast doubt on a proposition which many people would regard as the first axiom of moral theory. Joseph Raz has stated the proposition thus: ‘Morality is ... concerned with the advancement of the well00ADbeing of individuals.’1 Actually, Raz includes a qualifier the full quote says that morality ‘is thought to be concerned with’ advancing the well being of individuals. But the whole tenor of his ensuing discussion suggests that Raz generally shares this view of what morality is about.
Socrates And Protagoras On Virtue
Authors: O’Brien Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Socrates has shaken himself free from the spell of Protagoras’ oratory (328 D 4–7), he fires off three seemingly simple questions in quick succession (329 c 6–E 4). Each question is cast in the form of a choice between two distinct theses. In each case, the two theses are introduced by the same pair of disjunctive particles [ineq]
Cosmological Ethics In The Timaeus And Early Stoicism
Authors: Betegh Gabor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of the concluding part of the Critique of Practical Reason, in the well-known and well-worn dictum about the starry sky above us and the moral law within us, Kant places the cosmic and the ethical perspectives next to each other. Yet, the starry sky and the moral law do not figure there as two components of an ethical theory. Quite the opposite, they represent two distinct, autonomous spheres of the world: that of physics and natural law on the one hand, and that of ethics and freedom on the other. Most modern philosophers respect this distinction between the cosmic perspective and the sphere of ethics.
Cut-Offs and their Neighbors
Authors: Varzi Achille C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I agree with Priest: the Sorites is a very hard paradox, possibly harder than the Liar. For the Liar can be isolated, whereas the Sorites is everywhere and can take us anywhere. And I agree that the paradox is so hard because it systematically imposes upon us the existence of unbelievable or otherwise unacceptable cutoff points. No solution can avoid explaining why this happens. But I have two points of disagreement with Priest’s account of the matter. The first concerns the emphasis that he places on the working of natural language. And the second, more important problem concerns the line of explanation that Priest offers of the reason why we are stuck with cutoff pointshence his tentative solution to the paradox.
Gap Principles, Penumbral Consequence, and Infinitely Higher-Order Vagueness
Authors: Graff Delia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers disagree about whether vagueness requires us to admit truthvalue gaps, about whether there is a gap between the objects of which a given vague predicate is true and those of which it is false on an appropriately constructed Sorites series for the predicatea series involving small increments of change in a relevant respect between adjacent elements, but a large increment of change in that respect between the endpoints. There appears, however, to be widespread agreement that there is some sense in which vague predicates are happy which may be expressed neutrally by saying that on any appropriately constructed Sorites series for a given vague predicate there will be a gap between the objects of, which the predicate is definitely true and those of which it is d finitely false.
New Grounds for Naive ruth Theory
Authors: Yablo S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no denying Tarski’s result, but one can try to steer around it. The ways of steering around it correspond to a number of things that Tarski did not show; All of these strategies have been tried. But the last two have been tried the least. Field’s approach combines elements of both. He adds a non-classical connective —&gt; while at the same time de-classicalizing the logic of the other connectives (by rejecting excluded middle).
A Completeness heorem for Unrestricted First-Order Languages
Authors: Rayo Agustin , Williamson Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here is an account of logical consequence inspired by Botzano and Tarski. Logical validity is a property of arguments. An argument is a pair of a set of interpreted sentences (the premises) and an interpreted sentence (the conclusion). Whether an argument is logically valid depends only on its logical form. The Logical form of an argument is fixed by the syntax of its constituent sentences, the meanings of their logical constituents, and the syntactic differences between their non-logical constituents, treated as variables. A constituent of a sentence is logical just if it is formal in meaning, in the sense roughly that its application is invariant under permutations of individuals.
While We Wait: Notes on the English Translation of The Second Sex
Authors: Moi Toril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That the English translation of Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sexis bad has been well known ever since Margaret Simons published her ground-breaking essay ‘The Silencing of Simone de Beauvoir: Guess What’s Missing from The Second Sex’in 1983. So why write another essay on the same topic twenty years later? The first and most obvious reason is that English-speaking readers still have to use the text so cogently criticized by Simons, namely H. M. Parshley’s ‘edition and translation’.
Prototype Categories in Phonology
Authors: Taylor John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I discuss a topic of crucial importance for the coherence of the thesis presented in this book, namely the possibility of attributing non-classical structure to phonological categories. I drew attention in Section 2.3 to the role of the structural analogy assumption in twentieth-century linguistic theory. According to this assumption, a linguist will expect the same kinds of structure to show up at diﬀerent levels of linguistic organization. Now, taking a rather broad view of the recent history of linguistics, it is probably true to say that it was in the study of phonology that the modern discipline ﬁrst came of age. There are many reasons why this should have been so. The sounds of a language can be observed in a way in which meanings and syntactic structures cannot; the number of phonological entities (e.g. phonemes and features) which need to be posited for any one language is small and manageable; moreover, in their study of sound systems linguists were able to draw on the ﬁndings of a well-established tradition of articulatory phonetics.
The Acquisition of Categories
Authors: Taylor John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the stated aims of the Chomskyan paradigm is to account for the process of language acquisition; conversely, alleged facts of acquisition are continuously, even monotonously, invoked as evidence for the correctness of the paradigm. The form of the argument is familiar. An examination of syntactic, semantic, and phonological phenomena leads to the postulation of abstract entities which are not visible in the surface forms of a language. These postulated entities, and the rules which manipulate them, cannot therefore be learnt by any process of induction or generalization from mere exposure to the surface forms. This is the ‘logical problem’ of language acqui-sition, which, it is argued, can only be solved if the child is credited with a rich initial state of the language faculty. The child, that is, succeeds in acquiring a language because the scaﬀolding is genetically inherited. Acquisition is seen as the unfolding of the innate potential; only the arbitrary facts of the target language (the phonological shape of individual morphemes, for example) need to be learnt.
Language and National Identity in Asia: a Thematic Introduction
Authors: Simpson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies of nationalism and the emergence and maintenance of nations regularly concur that language, and in particular the existence of broadly shared language, is very often a primary and critical component in the successful moulding of a population as a nation. As a symbolic marker and index of individual and group identity, language has the potential to function as an important boundary device, separating distinct sub-populations of from neighbouring others with different, possibly unintelligible language habits, and binding the former together with shared feelings of identity and group self-interest. Spread amongst a significantly wide population of speakers via the use of various mass media, a common language can assist in the construction of a geographically widespread, imagined community of speakers and the building of nation-like polities, providing linguistic links are also reinforced with other shared cultural properties. The promotion of a standardized, common language throughout a territory and its inhabitants also has the ability to even out socio-economic inequities present in a society and encourage the unification of a population through the provision of equal (or at least improved) opportunities for advancement and future prosperity. Following on from Barbour and Carmichael’s (2000) revealing, multi-authored study of Language and Nationalism in Europe, the present, similarly structured volume takes as its focus the theme of language as a force in the construction and maintenance of nations within Asia, and endeavours to probe and chart the linguistic tensions at play in the development of states in the Asian region.
North and South Korea
Authors: King Ross 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until the separate states of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (henceforth, North Korea or DPRK) and the Republic of Korea (henceforth, South Korea or ROK) were declared in 1948, Korea for hundreds of years was a rare case of a near-perfect fit between nation and language: it has for centuries been characterized by an extremely high degree of homogeneity, both linguistically and ethnically. Now, the Korean nation and its territory is divided into two distinct nation-states, each with quite different political and economic systems and conditions in operation, and characterized by very different conditions and experiences of everyday life. Since the end of the Second World War, the North, with a current, estimated population of 22 million, has largely isolated itself from the outside world and spawned a resolutely independent form of communist development that has yielded minimal economic success in recent years. The South, by way of contrast, has undergone significant modernization and growth in its open economy, established extensive contacts with other countries in Asia and the West, and with a population of 48 million now enjoys much prosperity as one of Asia’s major economic forces.
Tensed Quantifiers
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some of our idioms of quantification embed verbs, e.g ‘there is ‘, ‘there exists ‘. When they do, those verbs can be tensed, forming what I shall call tensed quantifiers. There are past-tensed quantifiers, e.g. ‘there was ‘, ‘there has been ‘, ‘there existed ‘. There are future-tensed quantifiers, e.g. ‘there will be ‘, ‘there is going to exist ‘. There are tensed quantifiers with compound tenses, ‘there had existed ‘, or ‘there will have been ‘. And sometimes, at least, the unmarked quantifier phrase ‘there is1 or ‘there exists1 acts as a present-tensed quantifier.
The Circle of Adequate Knowledge: Notes on Reason and Intuition in Spinoza
Authors: Malinowski-Charles Syliane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the fundamental characteristics of Spinoza’s theory of knowledge, and one of the most intriguing, is the quasi-automatic character of the progress of knowledge, which Spinoza puts forward in paragraph 85 of the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect and illustrates by the image of the intellect forging its own tools of perfection in paragraphs 30-2. Lia Levy’s recent study of Spinoza’s notion of consciousness shows the complexity and richness of this problematic, which should be considered crucial for the understanding of Spinoza’s theory of knowledge.
The Relationship Between Books Zeta and Eta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics
Authors: Devereux Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is easy to understand why there is general agreement among scholars that books Zeta and Eta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics make up a unified treatise on the nature of substance.1 Aristotle begins book Eta (‘H’) with the announcement that ‘we must reckon up what has been said and, after drawing together the main points, complete the remainder of our enquiry’. He then gives a brief summary of topics discussed to this point, a summary which reads like a table of contents of book Zeta (‘Z’). And the rest of H seems to carry forward the investigation of substance which was launched at the beginning of Z. The two books thus present themselves as a unified, self-contained discussion.
What’s the good of agreeing? Homonoia in platonic politics
Authors: Kamtekar Rachana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ALL the citizens in the ideal city of Plato’s Republic, the rulers as well as the ruled, agree that their city’s rulers, the philosophers, should rule. This agreement is a feature of the city’s moderation: the city’s moderation is not only a condition in which ‘the desires of the base majority are ruled by the desires and wisdom of the superior minority’ (431 c 9-D 2) but also one in which the ruled, rather than being simply dominated by the rulers, believe that their rulers should rule over them.
The Virtues And ‘Becoming Like God’: Alcinous To Proclus
Authors: Baltzly Dirk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent work in virtue ethics owes much to the moral philosophy of Aristotle and that of the Hellenistic schools. It cannot be said to be similarly indebted to Platonic moral philosophy. Doubtless this is partly because Plato’s dialogue form does not 1end itself to the construction of a ‘Platonic virtue theory’ in quite the same way that Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics lends itself to the project of constructing an Aristotelian theory of virtue. But it is not just a matter of the form of Plato’s writings. Later Platonists such as Alcinous, Plotinus, Porphyry, and Proclus sought to extract what they took to be Plato’s eudaimonist moral philosophy from the dialogues and present it in formats not utterly dissimilar to that of Aristotle’s treatises. I do not propose to address the question of whether the expositions of these later Platonists misrepresent Plato’s moral philosophy-or, indeed, whether he had a moral philosophy to misrepresent. Instead, this paper addresses an objection that Platonic moral philosophy of this sort could not provide us with much valuable insight because the Platonist conception of the goal of living is not only implausible but also deeply ambiguous. Let us consider the charge levelled against the moral philosophy of Plato as it was developed by these Platonists.
Externalism in Mind and Epistemology
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prima facie, the debates between ‘internalism ‘ and ‘externalism ‘ in the philosophy of mind and epistemology are not obviously connected. In the philosophy of mind, the debate between those I will call ‘semantic internalists ‘ and those I will call ‘semantic externalists ‘ concerns thought content; in epistemology, the debate between those I will call ‘epistemic internalists ‘ and those I will call ‘epistemic externalists ‘ is best understood as concerning justification. However, despite the difference in their subject matters, it turns out that the two debates are connected. In particular, I argue that if, as is widely claimed, semantic externalism undermines the traditional idea that one has special access to one‘s thought contents, then it may undermine those forms of epistemic internalism which involve the idea that one has special access to one‘s justificatory status or the facts which determine justification.
Aporia and Searching in the Early Plato
Authors: Politis Vasilis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is typical of Socrates in a number of dialogues traditionally considered early— Laches, Euthyphro, Charmides, Protagoras as well as Meno—to lead the interlocutor towards a state of aporia, a mental state of perplexity and being at a loss, about some ethical subject—courage, piety, temperance, virtue. The aim of this activity, as we know especially from the Apology, is to divest the interlocutor of the pretence of knowledge in a particular area and to bring him to a recognition of his ignorance.
Knowledge And True Belief In The Meno
Authors: Fine Gail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Meno 97 A ff. Plato, for the first time, explains how, in his view, knowledge differs from true belief; he also notes some similarities between them. This is often thought to be the first passage in Western philosophy to say that knowledge is true belief plus something. Some commentators think it is also the first passage to say that knowledge is justified true belief: that is, that justification is what must be added to true belief so as to yield knowledge. However, both the view that the Menosays that knowledge is justified true belief, and the view that it says that knowledge is true belief plus something, have been challenged. Those who challenge these views disagree among themselves about what alternative view of knowledge the Meno articulates. Indeed, as we shall see, there is also dispute about whether it even discusses knowledge.
An Aristotelian Theory Of Predication?
Authors: Bostock David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Section r I briefly assemble some reminders of what Aristotle has to say about predication in his logical works (and I shall confine my attention to these works only). To keep my discussion within reasonable bounds I have here had to be somewhat dogmatic on some issues which are still controversial, and I apologize for this. In Section 2 I outline a modern reconstruction of why Aristotle may have thought as he did, and sketch in modern terms the theory to which it gives rise. In Section 3 I ask whether there really is good reason to attribute this theory to Aristotle. In Section 4 I ask whether it has merit anyway as a philosophical account of predication, irrespective of whether we may call it Aristotle’s theory.
Aristotle On ‘Simultaneous Learning’ In Posterior Analytics1. 1 And Prior Analytics 2. 21
Authors: Labarge Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two passages in Aristotle’s Analytics—Pr. An.2. 21, 67a5–30 and Post. An.1. 1, 71a17–30—confront Aristotle’s interpreters with a joint challenge. The context of the two passages is very different: the first appears in a chapter meant to explain what kinds of syllogistic errors we can and cannot make, while the second comes in a discussion of the Aristotelian principle that all teaching and all intellectual learning arise from pre-existing cognition.
Three Introductory Questions: Is Analytic Philosophical Theology an Oxymoron? Is Substance Dualism Incoherent? What’s in this Book, Anyway?
Authors: Zimmerman Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The essays within this book—all of which appear here for the first time1—are philosophical explorations of the nature of persons. Those comfortable using the word “analytic” to describe the kind of philosophy that now thrives in the philosophy departments of most Anglophone universities will say that we are all analytic philosophers. (Shortly, I shall have more to say about the problematic adjective “analytic”.) As a consequence, there is much within this book that is continuous with current philosophical debates about the nature of persons. On the other hand, the authors have theological concerns that do not arise for most contributors to the philosophical literature on persons.
Materialism and Christian Belief
Authors: Plantinga Alvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to materialism, human persons are material objects. They are not immaterial things, or objects, or substances; neither do they contain as parts immaterial selves or souls or entelechies. Their parts are material: flesh and bones and blood, molecules, atoms, electrons and quarks (if in fact there are such things). This view, of course, goes contrary to the vast bulk of the Christian tradition. This is not to say, pace Plato (or anyway Socrates), that the body is the prison house of the soul, or that our present attachment to the body is to be deplored, as if it were a temporary, makeshift arrangement (due to sin?) to be jettisoned in the next life.
Approaches: Sublists
Authors: McMahon April , McMahon Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last chapter we considered Thomason’s typology of contact linguistics (2001). There is a paradox inherent in typologies of this kind, since the most extreme types of contact are not necessarily the most problematic for language classification. Although it might initially appear that contact-induced changes which affect all areas of the grammar, sometimes radically, might have most impact on our attempts to group languages into families, in fact many contact situations of this kind are particularly obvious, and therefore less likely to mislead us into proposing a relationship where there is none, or a closer relationship than was historically the case. On the other hand, contact involving only lexical borrowing, especially when that borrowing has been gradual but continual over a lengthy period of time, can be particularly difficult to trace, and to distinguish from the effects of equally gradual, differentiating change on a common ancestral system.