bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study of ZnO‐based FBAR devices for an ultra‐mass‐sensitive sensor application
Authors: Mai Linh , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Yim Munhyuk , Yoon Giwan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe present a feasibility study of ZnO‐based FBAR devices and their fabrications for the ultra‐mass‐sensitive sensor application. In this work, a considerable shift in the resonance frequency is observed due to the mass‐loading effect by a mixture of ink and volatile methanol. A high sensitivity of 0.05 × 105 Hz · cm2/ng is obtained in the FBAR‐based device, which is ∼5 orders of magnitude higher than that of 0.057 Hz · cm2/ng reported in the conventional 5‐MHz quartz crystal microbalance. This approach seems useful for the ultra‐high‐mass resolution chemical sensor or biosensor applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 505–507, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20351
High‐Q LIGA‐MEMS vertical cantilever variable capacitors for upper microwave frequencies
Authors: Haluzan Darcy T. , Klymyshyn David M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSimulation results for four MEMS variable capacitors suitable for fabrication using the LIGA process are presented. AQ‐factor as high as 435.6 was obtained using a copper‐device layer. The capacitor with a nominal capacitance of 0.24 pF has a self‐resonant frequency of 33.7 GHz, making it suitable for operation up to frequencies of approximately 18 GHz. Using a “pull‐away” actuation design, a tuning ratio of 1.43:1 was obtained with tuning voltages as low as 6.1 V. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 507–511, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20352
High performance CPW and microstrip ring resonators on silicon substrates
Authors: Chen C. C. , Hung B. F. , Chin Albert , McAlister S. P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHigh performance CPW and novel microstrip ring resonators at ∼30 GHz and 40 GHz have been fabricated on Si substrates, using an optimized proton‐implantation process. Very good insertion loss and resonator characteristics, close to those from ideal electro‐magnetic simulations, were measured. In contrast, the ring resonators on VLSI‐standard Si, without implantation, have worse transmission and reflection loss, thus prohibiting applications in RF circuits. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 511–514, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20353
5.2‐GHz subharmonic injection‐locked distributed oscillator
Authors: Yuen Chung Ming , Tsang Kim Fung 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel subharmonic injection‐locked distributed oscillator is proposed and presented. A 5.2‐GHz distributed oscillator is locked to a 2.6‐GHz injection source. The injection source is applied to the feedback path between the collector line and the base line of the distributed oscillator for optimal locking range. The circuit is designed for 2.7‐V operation. The developed oscillator delivers +3‐dBm output power with a phase noise of −110 dBc/Hz at 500‐kHz offset at 5.2 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 514–516, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20354
Design of a resistive cascode FET direct‐conversion mixer with zero bias‐current
Authors: Kim Jeongpyo , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA direct‐conversion mixer with zero‐bias current for IMT‐2000 application is designed by using the resistive cascode FET structure and is driven by the 2nd‐harmonic of the local oscillator (LO) signal. Due to the zero‐bias current operation of the cascode FET, the designed mixer has characteristics of very high‐power efficiency and low‐power consumption. In addition, the designed mixer not only has good linearity but also no conversion loss. When the designed mixer is driven by a 0‐dBm LO signal, it has characteristics of 0.67‐dB conversion gain, 4‐dBm input P−1dB, 8.25‐dBm IIP3, and 8.2‐dBm IIP2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 516–518, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20355
Structural determination of novel terpenes from Buddleia lindleyana
Authors: Lu Jianghai , Tu Guangzhong , Zhao Yuying , Lv Yang , Liu Li Ying , Wu Yunshan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThree novel terpenes, named buddlindeterpene A, B and C, were isolated from Buddleia lindleyana Fort. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of the three compounds were carried out by using DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC techniques. The stereochemistry of 1 and 3 was confirmed by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR signal assignment of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Fumaria officinalis L. (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Seger Christoph , Sturm Sonja , Strasser Eva‐Maria , Ellmerer Ernst , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe NMR signal assignments of a series of structurally divergent benzylisoquinolines isolated from Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae, Papaverales), namely adlumine, corlumine, corydamine, cryptopine, fumarophycine, O‐methylfumarophycine, hydrastine, parfumine, protopine and sinactine, are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urethral retro‐resistance pressure: A new clinical measure of urethral function
Authors: Slack M. , Tracey M. , Hunsicker K. , Godwin A. , Patel B. , Sumeray M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAimsThe urethral retro‐resistance pressure (URP) is a new retrograde measurement of urethral function. URP is the pressure required to achieve and maintain an open sphincter. The assessment of any potential diagnostic measure must include an evaluation in individuals both with and without disease. In this study, we examined URP values in women without urinary incontinence.MethodsFour centers enrolled 61 women who did not report symptoms of urinary incontinence, and who had negative standing stress tests (SST). Each center was to perform three consecutive URP measurements on each subject. At two centers, 32 subjects returned in 3–7 days for three additional URP measurements. We compared the average URP in this asymptomatic population to the average URP from women symptomatic of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) derived from a previous study. We evaluated the within‐subject variation of the URP measurement at a single visit and the within‐subject change in URP over time using test and retest values.ResultsThe mean age was 33 ± 9 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24 ± 6. URP values were normally distributed. The mean URP at visit 1 was 112.6 ± 39.2 cm H2O (n = 60). This was statistically significantly different from the mean URP of symptomatic women (69.9 cm H2O, P < 0.0001). The within‐subject standard deviation of URP at visit 1 was 12.6 ± 12.6 cm H2O (n = 60) and at retest visit was 9.3 ± 6.2 cm H2O (n = 32). For the retest cases, the mean URP at visit 1 was 113.9 ± 39.9 cm H2O (n = 32) and at retest visit was 125.5 ± 33.9 cm H2O (n = 32) (Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, P = 0.145).ConclusionsThe mean URP measurement obtained in this study of asymptomatic women showed significantly higher values when compared to our study in women with SUI. The URP measurements were consistent within the same subject. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the URP measurement from visit 1 to retest visit. The data suggest that URP shows promise as a physiological urethral pressure measurement. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using intercostal muscle EMG to quantify maternal expulsive efforts during vaginal delivery: A pilot study
Authors: Demaria Fabien , Porcher Raphael , Ismael Samer Sheickh , Amarenco Gérard , Fritel Xavier , Madelenat Patrick , Benifla Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAimsThe expulsive forces of childbirth can be included among the many potential risk factors implicated in the subsequent development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. The objective of this study was to devise a non‐invasive way to measure abdominal pushing that would accurately represent the expulsive forces during childbirth.MethodsBy means of intravesical and intrauterine manometry, and electromyography (EMG) of intercostal muscles, we quantified these forces in 21 women during vaginal delivery.ResultsA mathematical analysis of variance (ANOVA) model showed the integral of intravesical pressure to be significantly associated (P < 0.001) with the integral of intercostal muscle electrical activity during the first six uterine contractions during the phase of fetal expulsion.ConclusionsEMG is a non‐invasive measurement that can replace intravesical determinations to quantify these forces as it reflects the real intra‐abdominal pressure. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of dopaminergic treatment on bladder function in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Winge Kristian , Werdelin Lene M. , Nielsen Kurt K. , Stimpel Hans 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the nature of voiding complaints, findings on urodynamics and the effects of medication on bladder control in a group of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients between the ages of 30–60 years.MethodsThirty‐two patients with PD were evaluated by questionnaires, PD rating scales, and full urodynamics evaluation. To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we used the Danish Prostate Symptom Score (Dan‐PSS). PD was evaluated using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Hoehn and Yahr rating scale for PD. Urodynamics were performed while the patients were on dopaminergic therapy, and after stopping this for three half lives.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between the Dan‐PSS score and UPDRS, Spearman's rho = 0.50, (P = 0.004), and between the score of irritative symptoms in Dan‐PSS and motor symptoms (UPDRSIII) is seen (Spearman's rho = 0.50, P = 0.003). Patients with significant bladder symptoms (≥10 points in Dan‐PSS) had a significantly higher bladder capacity in the medicated state than after wash out (P = 0.04), while patients with out bladder symptoms had no difference. Patients with a significant increase in bladder capacity on medication had a significantly higher interval between the volume of first sensation of bladder filling and bladder capacity when medicated (P = 0.01) than after wash out. Patient who did not benefit from medication had a significant lower interval off medication (P = 0.008).ConclusionsThe effects of dopaminergic treatment on bladder control and urodynamic parameters are unpredictable in the individual patient, though most patients experience significant changes. We have also demonstrated the complexity of bladder control, and that patients with PD may be particularly susceptible to develop complex micturitional dysfunction. Our data indicates that cortical dysfunction may play a significant role in bladder dysfunction in PD parallel to the pontine lesion. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative funneling after anti‐incontinence surgery—a prognostic indicator?—part 1: Colposuspension
Authors: Skala Christine , Emons Günter , Krauß Thomas , Hilgers Reinhard , Gauruder‐Burmester Annett , Lange Rainer , Bader Werner , Viereck Volker 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAimsHow does funneling of the bladder neck after open colposuspension affect the postoperative cure rate?MethodsIn a retrospective study, 310 patients who underwent primary colposuspension for urodynamically proven genuine stress urinary incontinence were assessed by introital ultrasound before and immediately after surgery as well as at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. A total of 152 women completed 48‐month follow‐up. Objective cure rates at the different follow‐up times were calculated and correlated with the presence of postoperative bladder neck funneling.ResultsThe objective cure rate up to 6 months after colposuspension was 90.0 versus 76.8% up to 48‐month follow‐up. Urge symptoms occurred in 11.6% (36/310) of the women and de novo urge incontinence in 1.6% (5/310). Bladder neck funneling was significantly reduced after anti‐incontinence surgery, from 55.2% before surgery to 12.3% (38/310) at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.0001). Postoperative funneling was associated with a higher recurrence rate. In the funneling group, 58.8 and 40.6% of the patients were continent up to 6 and 48 months, respectively, as opposed to 93.8 and 81.3% in the group without funneling (P < 0.0001). Urgency and de novo urge incontinence were more common in the funneling group (23.5 and 28.3% up to 6 and 48 months, respectively, vs. 12.7 and 13.5%; P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients in whom funneling of the bladder neck diagnosed before surgery persists after colposuspension have a higher risk of recurrence and are more likely to develop postoperative complications. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indwelling urethral catheter and mortality in frail elderly women living in community
Authors: Landi Francesco , Cesari Matteo , Onder Graziano , Zamboni Valentina , Barillaro Christian , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Bernabei Roberto 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAimUrinary incontinence is one of the most common, disruptive and often disabling conditions affecting frail older people living in community. The aims of present study were to describe the prevalence of bladder catheter in a population of older women living in community and to examine the relationship between urinary catheter and mortality.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study. We analyzed data from the Italian Silver Network Home Care project that collected data on patients admitted to Home Care programs. A total of twelve Home Health Agencies participated in such project evaluating the implementation of the Minimum Data Set for Home Care (MDS‐HC) instrument. A total of 1,004 women were enrolled in the present study. The main outcome measures were prevalence of bladder catheter and 1‐year survival according to catheterization.ResultsThe prevalence of incontinent patients with bladder catheter was 38.1%. Incontinent patients with indwelling bladder catheter did not show significant difference for age and comorbidity while they showed a significant higher level of physical and functional impairment, as expressed by higher score in activities of daily living (ADL) scale (6.5 ± 1.3 vs. 5.5 ± 2.2, P < 0.001) and higher prevalence of sensory impairment, pressure ulcers (44% vs. 12%, P < 0.001), and urinary tract infections (21% vs. 10%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and for all the variables significantly different between catheterized and not‐catheterized subjects at baseline, subjects with indwelling bladder catheter were more likely to die compared to those without catheter (RR, 1.44; 95% CI 1.01–2.07).ConclusionsCatheterization has an important prognostic implication for frail old women living in the community, independent of age and other clinical and functional variables. A failure in decreasing the unnecessary bladder catheter use and the duration of catheterization among frail incontinent women should be considered an indicator of poor quality of care. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate initiated by three‐component systems based on N‐arylphthalimides
Authors: Cavitt T. Brian , Phillips Brian , Hoyle Charles E. , Pan Bo , Hait Sukhendu B. , Viswanathan Kalyanaraman , Jönsson Sonny 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThree‐component photoinitiators comprised of an N‐arylphthalimide, a diarylketone, and a tertiary amine were investigated for their initiation efficiency of acrylate polymerization. The use of an electron‐deficient N‐arylphthalimide resulted in a greater acrylate polymerization rate than an electron‐rich N‐arylphthalimide. Triplet energies of each N‐arylphthalimide, determined from their phosphorescence spectra, and the respective rate constants for triplet quenching by the N‐arylphthalimide derivatives (acquired via laser flash photolysis) indicated that an electron–proton transfer from an intermediate radical species to the N‐arylphthalimide (not energy transfer from triplet sensitization) is responsible for generating the initiating radicals under the conditions and species concentrations used for polymerization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4009–4015, 2004
Synthesis and properties of novel soluble polyamides having ether linkages and laterally attached p‐terphenyl units
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Chang Yu‐Min 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA new ether‐bridged aromatic dicarboxylic acid, 2′,5′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenoxy)‐p‐terphenyl (3), was synthesized by the aromatic fluoro‐displacement reaction of p‐fluorobenzonitrile with 2′,5′‐dihydroxy‐p‐terphenyl in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by alkaline hydrolysis. A set of new aromatic polyamides containing ether and laterally attached p‐terphenyl units was synthesized by the direct phosphorylation polycondensation of diacid 3 with various aromatic diamines. The polymers were produced with high yields and moderately high inherent viscosities (0.44–0.79 dL/g). The polyamides derived from 3 and rigid diamines, such as p‐phenylenediamine and benzidine, and a structurally analogous diamine, 2′,5′‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)‐p‐terphenyl, were semicrystalline and insoluble in organic solvents. The other polyamides were amorphous and organosoluble and could afford flexible and tough films via solution casting. These films exhibited good mechanical properties, with tensile strengths of 91–108 MPa, elongations to break of 6–17%, and initial moduli of 1.95–2.43 GPa. These polyamides showed glass‐transition temperatures between 193 and 252 °C. Most of the polymers did not show significant weight loss before 450 °C, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen or in air. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4056–4062, 2004
Mechanism of the formation of stable microspheres by precipitation copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene
Authors: Eun Shim Sang , Yang Sunhye , Choe Soonja 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFully crosslinked, stable poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization, and a new mechanism is proposed, based on the morphology, circularity, and specific surface area. Once the stable particles were generated by aggregation of the primary nucleus particles, they grew in size by absorbing oligomeric species without generating substantial pores. The investigation was carried out characterizing the particles in the polymerization time and in various concentrations of the polymerization ingredients. Particle size continuously grew, but the uniformity and circularity of the microspheres were reduced with polymerization time because of the higher reactivity of divinylbenzene. The measured specific surface areas of the microspheres all were less than 10 m2/g, which showed good agreement with calculated values under an assumption of no pores on the surface of the microspheres. Thus, the specific surface area of the microspheres supported the proposed mechanism. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3967–3974, 2004
Poly(methyl methacrylate) encapsulation of calcium carbonate particles
Authors: Seul Soo Duk , Lee Sun Ryong , Kim Young Han 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDispersed calcium carbonate particles are encapsulated with poly(methyl methacrylate). The optimum condition for the polymerization is investigated; and the encapsulated particles are characterized by spectrophotometric analysis, acid decomposition, thermal analysis, and microscopic observation. From the conversion comparison of the MMA monomer it is found that the optimum concentration of polymerization initiator is 1.58 × 10−3 mol/L. The highest yield of encapsulation is obtained at 250 rpm with a concentration of 0.5 wt % surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate). A comparison of the Fourier transform IR spectra distinctly indicates the formation of PMMA on the surface of the calcium carbonate particles. The outcome of an acid decomposition test proves that the PMMA coating protects the particles. In addition, thermal analyses and microscopic observation characterize the PMMA on the surface of encapsulated particles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4063–4073, 2004
Synthesis and deblocking of cardanol‐ and anacardate‐blocked toluene diisocyanates
Authors: Nasar A. Sultan , Shrinivas V. , Shanmugam T. , Raghavan A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMethyl anacardate and secondary butyl anacardate were prepared from anacardic acid and corresponding alcohols and were used, in addition to cardanol, as blocking agents for 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Blocked diisocyanate adducts were characterized via nitrogen estimation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The deblocking temperatures of the adducts were determined using an FTIR spectrophotometer in conjunction with the carbon dioxide evolution method. The gel times of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene–TDI adducts also were determined. Deblocking temperature and gel time analyses revealed that cardanol‐blocked 2,4‐TDI deblocks at a lower temperature and at a higher rate compared with anacardate‐blocked adducts. In addition, it was found that the electron‐withdrawing ester group reduces the deblocking temperature of the adduct only when it is in solvated form. All adducts were waxy solids that were found to be soluble in polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and polyhydrocarbon polyols. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4047–4055, 2004
A new high‐throughput approach to measure copolymerization reactivity ratios using real‐time FTIR monitoring
Authors: Shaikh Sohel , Puskas Judit E. , Kaszas Gabor 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a novel high‐throughput approach to measure copolymerization reactivity ratios from a single experiment using high‐speed real‐time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) monitoring of the isobutylene/isoprene (IB/IP) system initiated by 2‐chloro‐2,4,4‐trimethyl‐pentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 in hexane/methyl chloride (Hx/MeCl) 60:40 v/v solvent at −80 °C. Traditional polymer analysis is severely limited in this system, which is riddled by side reactions. The reactivity ratios calculated by linear (Mayo‐Lewis and Kelen‐Tüdös) methods and by a nonlinear least square (NLLS) method (van Herk algorithm) showed good agreement with r1 =1.32 and r2 = 0.74 calculated using Mayr's nucleophilicity scale. Combination of the Kelen‐Tüdös and NLLS methods yielded r1 = 1.17 ± 0.01 and r2 = 0.99 ± 0.02. These values agree well with those reported by Thaler et al. but disagree with most reported data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4084–4100, 2004
Free radical and thermal curing of terpyridine‐modified terpolymers
Authors: Hofmeier Harald , El‐Ghayoury Abdelkrim , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTerpolymers bearing terpyridine as well as (meth)acrylates as free radical curable groups (UV‐curing) or hydroxyl groups (thermal curing with bis‐isocyanates) were synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, IR and UV‐vis spectroscopy as well as GPC. Subsequently, the ability of covalent crosslinking via the UV‐initiated polymerization of the acrylate groups was investigated. Moreover, the thermal covalent crosslinking via the reaction of hydroxyl functionalized terpolymer and bis‐isocyanate compounds could be successfully achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4028–4035, 2004