bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate Co‐Solutes Stabilize Collagen Triple Helices
Authors: Nomura Kota , Fiala Tomas , Wennemers Helma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbohydrates are common co‐solutes for the stabilization of proteins. The effect of carbohydrate solutions on the stability of collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is, however, underexplored. In this work, we studied the thermal stability of collagen triple helices derived from a molecularly defined collagen model peptide (CMP), Ac‐(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)7‐NH2, in solutions of six common mono‐ and disaccharides. We show that the carbohydrates stabilize the collagen triple helix in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an increase of the melting temperature of up to 17 °C. In addition, we show that the stabilizing effect is similar for all studied sugars, including trehalose, which is otherwise considered a privileged bioprotectant. The results provided insight into the effects of sugar co‐solutes on collagen triple helices and can aid the selection of storage environments for collagen‐based materials and probes.
Well‐being in institutionalised adolescents
Authors: da Silva Manuella C. , Teixeira Maria O. , Laranjeira Márcia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor adolescents who have criminal convictions, achieving a positive progress including desistance from offending may depend on a sense of well‐being. Factors associated with growth in well‐being are not widely researched, but there is some work that suggests that qualities in other internal states as well as in the environment may foster well‐being.AimsTo examine the well‐being of young male incarcerated offenders, and its relationship with frequency of contacts with the family, perceptions of socio‐educational environment, feelings about the future and self‐efficacy.MethodsParticipants were recruited from three secure education institutions in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, under the management of the Secretariat of Justice. They were invited to complete anonymous self‐report questionnaires, which included the Psychological Well‐Being Scale, the Perception of the Socio‐Educational Environment Scale, the Feelings about the Future Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Self‐Efficacy, and to provide limited sociodemographic data.Results195 young male offenders participated and their mean age was 16.8 years (SD = 1.58, range 14–20). There was a positive correlation between well‐being and perceptions of the socio‐educational environment, positive feelings about the future and self‐efficacy self‐ratings. Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that the frequency of family contacts, positive perceptions of the socio‐educational environment, positive feelings about the future, and self‐efficacy in leisure and social activities independently contributed to the well‐being of young offenders.ConclusionAlthough well‐being has been associated with desistance from committing crimes, the factors that may predispose to well‐being have been researched less and never before examined among inmates in Brazil. While longitudinal work is needed to be certain of the direction of the relationship, the fact that the results are broadly consistent with a similar study carried out on the other side of the world is encouraging in terms of indicating ways forward in rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop interventions that support family relationships and promote personal relationships and personal development, not only of useful skills but also of personal confidence in those skills.
One‐step synthesis of ultra‐small amount of Pd‐Alloyed Zinc Nanosheets for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO
Authors: Mahyoub Samah A. , Qaraah Fahim A. , Yan Shenglin , Yamani Zain H. , Drmosh Qasem A. , Hezam Abdo , Baroud Turki N. , Onaizi Sagheer A. , Cheng Zhenmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practicality of the electrochemical CO2 reduction technique depends on the development of cost‐effective, robust, and highly selective catalysts. To achieve this goal, we have engineered self‐supported 3D electrodes composed of Pd‐Zn nanosheets (NSs) for CO2 electrochemical reduction to CO with minimal Pd content. This innovative electrode with an increased surface area was created using an electrodeposition method employing a dynamic hydrogen bubble template. By precisely adjusting the Pd content, we improved the thickness, porosity, and surface area of the electrodes, resulting in a CO2‐to‐CO selectivity reaching as high as 88.5 %, with an average of at least 80 % sustained over 10 hours. This remarkable improved activity can be attributed to the synergistic effects of an appropriate Pd/Zn atomic ratio as well as to the large surface area of nanosheets structures with rich edge active sites. Furthermore, to get around the limitations of CO2 mass transfer, reactions were done at high pressures conditions ranging from 3 to 9.5 bar; this strategic approach yielded an outstanding partial current density of −304.6 mA cm−2 for CO. These noteworthy findings establish concepts for constructing effective and earth‐abundant CO‐producing electrocatalysts.
Nitroreductase‐Responsive Photosensitizers for Selective Imaging and Photo‐Inactivation of Intracellular Bacteria
Authors: Zhou Wanpeng , Da Xuwen , Jian Yao , Peng Yatong , Liu Xiulian , Xu Yunli , Wu Yao , Wang Xuesong , Zhou Qianxiong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntracellular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), especially the methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are difficult to detect and eradicate due to the protection by the host cells. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) offers promise in treating intracellular bacteria, provided that selective damage to the bacteria ranther than host cells can be realized. According to the different nitroreductase (NTR) levels in mammalian cells and S. aureus, herein NTR‐responsive photosensitizers (PSs) (T)CyI−NO2 were designed and synthesized. The emission and 1O2 generation of (T)CyI−NO2 are quenched by the 4‐nitrobenzyl group, but can be specifically switched on by bacterial NTR. Therefore, selective imaging and photo‐inactivation of intracellular S. aureus and MRSA were achieved. Our findings may pave the way for the development of more efficient and selective aPDT agents to combat intractable intracellular infections.
Controlling Cyclic Dienamine Reactivity in Radical tert‐Alkylation for Molecular Diversity to Synthesize Multicyclic Compounds Possessing a Quaternary Carbon
Authors: Kusano Shinjiro , Nishikata Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSynthesis of diverse sterically congested molecules from a single important intermediate is one of the ideal synthetic strategies in organic synthesis. In this paper, we found that γ‐oxoalkyl substituted cyclohexenone derivatives (OAC) possessing a quaternary carbon are a useful key intermediate to derive both congested fused [5,6] rings and spirocycles. For this purpose, we have established an efficient synthetic method to obtain OAC by tertiary alkylation of β‐methylcyclohexenone derivatives using α‐bromocarbonyl compounds as a tertiary alkyl source. The key to the success of this reaction is controlling the reactivity of the dienamine intermediate. While there have been many reports on enamine reactions, dienamine reactions have not been well studied. Herein, we report controlling reactivity of dienamines and molecular diversification from OAC.
H2‐Transport‐ und Speicheroptionen: Normen und technische Regeln. Das Projekt TransHyDE‐Norm – Normen für den Transport von Wasserstoff nach und in Deutschland
Authors: Bäuerle Miriam , Paintner Thomas , Schmolke Dominic , Systermans Thomas , Kinnen Werner , Jordan Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDas Leitprojekt TransHyDE, mit einer Laufzeit von April 2021 bis März 2025, bewertet und testet Wasserstoff‐Transportlösungen in insgesamt elf Demonstrationsprojekten. Die praktische Erprobung wird durch eine wissenschaftliche Begleitforschung ergänzt, zu der auch das Teilprojekt TransHyDE‐Norm zählt. Zur Umsetzung der in TransHyDE behandelten Transportoptionen bedarf es einheitlicher Vorgaben in Form von Normen, Standards und Zertifizierungsprogrammen. Ziel des Vorhabens ist es daher, die Normung, Zertifizierung und Standardisierung von Transport‐, Verteil‐ und Speicheroptionen für Wasserstoff bzw. andere chemische Energieträger ganzheitlich zu untersuchen. So sollen Regelungslücken aufgezeigt und Lösungsansätze entwickelt werden.
Drugging Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases through Targeted Protein Degradation
Authors: Miao Jinmin , Zhang Zhong‐Yin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are an important class of enzymes that regulate protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels of a large variety of proteins in cells. Anomalies in protein tyrosine phosphorylation have been associated with the development of numerous human diseases, leading to a heightened interest in PTPs as promising targets for drug development. However, therapeutic targeting of PTPs has faced skepticism about their druggability. Besides the conventional small molecule inhibitors, proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology offers an alternative approach to target PTPs. PROTAC molecules utilize the ubiquitin‐proteasome system to degrade specific proteins and have unique advantages compared with inhibitors: 1) PROTACs are highly efficient and can work at much lower concentrations than that expected based on their biophysical binding affinity; 2) PROTACs may achieve higher selectivity for the targeted protein than that dictated by their binding affinity alone; and 3) PROTACs may engage any region of the target protein in addition to the functional site. This review focuses on the latest advancement in the development of targeted PTP degraders and deliberates on the obstacles and prospective paths of harnessing this technology for therapeutic targeting of the PTPs.
Detection of circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood using deep learning‐based morphological analysis
Authors: Chen Pu , Zhang Lan , Cao Xinyi , Jin Xinyi , Chen Nan , Zhang Li , Zhu Jianfeng , Pan Baishen , Wang Beili , Guo Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of circulating plasma cells (CPCs) is an important laboratory indicator for the diagnosis, staging, risk stratification, and progression monitoring of multiple myeloma (MM). Early detection of CPCs in the peripheral blood (PB) followed by timely interventions can significantly improve MM prognosis and delay its progression. Although the conventional cell morphology examination remains the predominant method for CPC detection because of accessibility, its sensitivity and reproducibility are limited by technician expertise and cell quantity constraints. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)–based automated system for a more sensitive and efficient CPC morphology detection.MethodsA total of 137 bone marrow smears and 72 PB smears from patients with at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, were retrospectively reviewed. Using an AI‐powered digital pathology platform, Morphogo, 305,019 cell images were collected for training. Morphogo’s efficacy in CPC detection was evaluated with additional 184 PB smears (94 from patients with MM and 90 from those with other hematological malignancies) and compared with manual microscopy.ResultsMorphogo achieved 99.64% accuracy, 89.03% sensitivity, and 99.68% specificity in classifying CPCs. At a 0.60 threshold, Morphogo achieved a sensitivity of 96.15%, which was approximately twice that of manual microscopy, with a specificity of 78.03%. Patients with CPCs detected by AI scanning had a significantly shorter median progression‐free survival compared with those without CPC detection (18 months vs. 34 months, p< .01).ConclusionsMorphogo is a highly sensitive system for the automated detection of CPCs, with potential applications in initial screening, prognosis prediction, and posttreatment monitoring for MM patients.Plain Language SummaryDiagnosing and monitoring multiple myeloma (MM), a type of blood cancer, requires identifying and quantifying specific cells called circulating plasma cells (CPCs) in the blood. The conventional method for detecting CPCs is manual microscopic examination, which is time‐consuming and lacks sensitivity. This study introduces a highly sensitive CPC detection method using an artificial intelligence–based system, Morphogo. It demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and accuracy, surpassing conventional microscopy. This advanced approach suggests that early and accurate CPC detection is achievable by morphology examination, making efficient CPC screening more accessible for patients with MM. This innovative system has the potential to be used in the diagnosis and risk assessment of MM.
Liquid Crystal Dimers and the Twist‐Bend Phases: Non‐Symmetric Dimers Consisting of Mesogenic Units of Differing Lengths
Authors: Gibb Calum J. , Majewska Magdalena , Pociecha Damian , Storey John M.D. , Gorecka Ewa , Imrie Corrie T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe syntheses and characterisation of the 4‐[{[4‐({n‐[4‐(4‐cyanophenyl)phenyl]‐n‐yl}oxy)phenyl]‐methylidene}amino]phenyl‐4‐alkoxybenzoates (CBnOIBeOm) are reported with n=8 and 10 and m=1–10. The two series display fascinating liquid crystal polymorphism. All twenty reported homologues display an enantiotropic nematic (N) phase at high temperature. When the length of the spacer (n) is greater than that of the terminal chain (m), the twist‐bend nematic (NTB) phase is observed at temperatures below the N phase. As the length of the terminal chain is increased and extends beyond the length of the spacer up to three smectic phases are observed on cooling the N phase. One of these smectic phases has been assigned as the rare twist‐bend smectic C subphase, the SmCTB‐α phase. In all the smectic phases, a monolayer packing arrangement is seen, and this is attributed to the anti‐parallel associations of the like mesogenic units.
Recent Advance in Electrochromic Materials and Devices for Display Applications
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Zhu Hengli , Zhuang Jianbang , Lu Yijun , Chen Zhong , Guo Weijie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) possess the performance advantages in terms of color adjustability, low power consumption, and visual friendliness, emerging as one of the ideal candidates for energy‐efficient smart windows, next‐generation displays, and wearable electronics. The optical and electrical characteristics of ECDs can be adjusted by modifying the materials or structure of devices. This review summarizes the recent developments of innovative technologies and key materials of ECDs for display applications, highlighting the key issues and development trends in this area.
Exploring the connection between non‐uniform electrostatic fields generated by opposite polarity voltages and the behavior of atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Yu Yutian , Wu Li , Chen Qiang , Shinohara Naoki , Huang Kama 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the counterintuitive behaviors of a microwave‐induced atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) under the influence of an external electrostatic field applied by one or a pair of parallel electrode plates subjected to DC voltages. The findings demonstrate that the plasma jet consistently deflects toward the electrode plate with an electrostatic potential, irrespective of the direction of the applied field. The deflection becomes more pronounced with increasing voltage on the electrode plate until the ionic wind generated by the high voltage significantly affects the jet's behavior. Remarkably, a negative voltage induces a greater deflection compared to a positive voltage. To further investigate this discovery, the dielectric properties and the non‐neutral characteristics of the APPJ are analyzed, and the simulations of the electric field distribution reveal a non‐uniform distribution, which plays a crucial role in understanding the mechanism behind the observed behaviors of the plasma jet. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism driving the observed phenomena and sheds light on the collective behavior of plasma jets under non‐uniform electric fields. The findings of this study offer valuable guidelines for investigating and controlling the behavior of APPJs.
Trappc1 intrinsically prevents ferroptosis of naive T cells to avoid spontaneous autoinflammatory disease in mice
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Zhao Chenxu , Sun Lingyun , Cheng Chen , Tian Qianchuan , Wu Changhong , Xu Yanan , Dong Xue , Zhang Baojun , Zhang Lianfeng , Zhao Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractT lymphocytes are pivotal in adaptive immunity. The role of the trafficking protein particle complex (TRAPPC) in regulating T‐cell development and homeostasis is unknown. Using CD4cre‐Trappc1flox/flox (Trappc1 cKO) mice, we found that Trappc1 deficiency in T cells significantly decreased cell number of naive T cells in the periphery, whereas thymic T‐cell development in Trappc1 cKO mice was identical as WT mice. In the culture assays and mouse models with adoptive transfer of the sorted WT (CD45.1+CD45.2+) and Trappc1 cKO naive T cells (CD45.2+) to CD45.1+ syngeneic mice, Trappc1‐deficient naive T cells showed significantly reduced survival ability compared with WT cells. RNA‐seq and molecular studies showed that Trappc1 deficiency in naive T cells reduced protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, enhanced unfolded protein responses, increased P53 transcription, intracellular Ca2+, Atf4‐CHOP, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid peroxide accumulation, and subsequently led to ferroptosis. Trappc1 deficiency in naive T cells increased ferroptosis‐related damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules like high mobility group box 1 or lipid oxidation products like prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4, and leukotriene D4. Functionally, the culture supernatant of Trappc1 cKO naive T cells significantly promoted neutrophils to express inflammatory cytokines like TNFα and IL‐6, which was rescued by lipid peroxidation inhibitor Acetylcysteine. Importantly, Trappc1 cKO mice spontaneously developed severe autoinflammatory disease 4 weeks after birth. Thus, intrinsic expression of Trappc1 in naive T cells plays an integral role in maintaining T‐cell homeostasis to avoid proinflammatory naive T‐cell death‐caused autoinflammatory syndrome in mice. This study highlights the importance of the TRAPPC in T‐cell biology.
Spectroscopic Study on the Complexation of trivalent Actinide and Lanthanide ions with TEDGA in Solution
Authors: Sittel Thomas , Meißner Maximilian , Keller Max , Geist Andreas , Panak Petra J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNMR spectroscopy studies on the complexation of La(III), Sm(III), Lu(III), Y(III) and Am(III) with N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiglycolamide (TEDGA) have been performed. Initial studies concerning the stoichiometry of the complexes prove the formation of [M(TEDGA)3]3+ in D2O and [M(TEDGA)1‐3]3+ in CD3CN. Decreasing the solvent polarity translates to an increase of the complex stability as shown by complementary TRLFS studies with Cm(III). Due to delocalization of the lone electron pair of the amide nitrogen atom, the M(III)−O interaction has been studied indirectly by collecting 13C and 15N NMR data. The observed chemical shifts prove that the interaction of the trivalent ions, An(III) and Ln(III), and TEDGA is almost identical.
Holy Grail possibly made from clay
Authors: Zilberstein Gleb , Zilberstein Svetlana , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe main goal of the work was to find biochemical protein markers specific for grapes and wine in ancient amphorae shards and fermentation pools. Grape‐specific proteins are more reliable markers than tartaric acid and other small organic acids (tartaric acid natural source are not only grape but also apple, mango, and other plants). The Yavne winery (located in the Central District of Israel) is stated to be the largest known wine production complex from the Byzantine period (ca. 1500 years ago). The site has been excavated recently, and a number of wine jar have been recovered. We have applied our ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (EVA studded with strong cation and anion exchangers) diskettes to the inner surface of a number of jars, thus capturing residual grape proteins therein. Via mass spectrometry analyses, we have been able to identify four grape and three yeast proteins. This has been possible because the EVA films, applied to such surfaces, are able to harvest and concentrate any trace species, rendering them amenable to instrumental analysis. Our analysis makes it possible to propose an explanation for the Holy Grail phenomenon as a dish in which wine or water begins to smell pleasant. We attribute this to the slow release of terpenes, aldehydes, and ketones from the clay walls of pottery. After digital modeling, we identified that “scallop‐shaped” niches in winery were used for the condensation of high percentage alcohol by passive evaporation from fermentation tanks.
Two‐phase anaerobic codigestion of a cassava starch‐based biopolymer with papaya waste
Authors: Cremonez Paulo André , Teleken Joel Gustavo , Meier Thompson Ricardo Weiser , Alves Helton José , Teleken Jhony 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate anaerobic digestion processes of mixtures of cassava starch‐based polymer (CSP) and papaya fruit pulp waste (PPW) at different ratios, with physical division of digestion stages. Acidogenic phase (phase 1) was conducted under temperature of 45°C and hydraulic retention time of 96 h. Monitoring reactors with destructive samples were subjected to the same conditions in order to assess the initial degradation profile of the substrates. The methanogenic phase (phase 2) was conducted under temperature of 37°C and the hydraulic retention time was defined as equal to the time the biogas production ceased. The results showed that the CSP/PPW mixtures presented interesting synergism and high biogas production potential under the conditions studied. The treatment with CSP/PPW at the ratio of 75/25 showed the best digestion performances in the phase 1. The highest CSP to PPW ratios showed satisfactory results for accumulated biogas productions (5955.58 mL) and for maximum biogas production rate (25.64 mL gVS−1 day−1) in the phase 2.
A comparative investigation of a time‐dependent mesh method and physics‐informed neural networks to analyze the generalized Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov equation
Authors: Sultan Saad , Zhang Zhengce 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov (KPP) partial differential equation (PDE) is solved in this article using the moving mesh finite difference technique (MMFDM) in conjunction with physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs). We construct a time‐dependent mesh to obtain approximate solutions for the KPP problem. The temporal derivative is discretized using a backward Euler, while the spatial derivatives are discretized using a central implicit difference scheme. Depending on the error measure, several moving mesh partial differential equations (MMPDEs) are employed along the arc‐length and curvature mesh density functions (MDF). The proposed strategy has been suggested to yield remarkably precise and consistent results. To find the approximate solution, we additionally employ physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) to compare the outcomes of the adaptive moving mesh approach. It has been observed that solutions obtained using the moving mesh method (MMM) are sufficiently accurate, and the absolute error is also much lower than the PINNs.