bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor expression in human dystrophic muscles
Authors: Toti Paolo , Villanova Marcello , Vatti Rosella , Schuerfeld Karin , Stumpo Michela , Barbagli Letizia , Malandrini Alessandro , Costantini Maurizio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that is expressed during muscle development and is also capable of favoring muscle regeneration in experimental studies. The presence of NGF in muscular dystrophies, such as Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, has never been fully explored. By means of immunohistochemistry, we show that regenerating muscle fibers from such patients consistently express NGF, as do myofibroblasts and mast cells. By contrast, rest fibers from dystrophic patients, as well as muscle fibers from healthy, control patients and even regenerative muscle fibers in polymyositis do not show NGF immunoreactivity. The paracrine effect of NGF on muscle regeneration, as well as its chemoattractant capacities for mast cells, may contribute to explaining why regenerating fibers most frequently occur in clusters and why mast cells are more numerous in dystrophic muscles. Moreover, being a mediator of wound healing and tissue fibrosis, NGF may contribute to long‐term muscle regeneration impairment by tissue fibrosis in the muscular dystrophies. Muscle Nerve 27: 370–373, 2003
Kinematic modelling of shear band localization using discrete finite elements
Authors: Wang X. , Chan D. , Morgenstern N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractModelling shear band is an important problem in analysing failure of earth structures in soil mechanics. Shear banding is the result of localization of deformation in soil masses. Most finite element schemes are unable to model discrete shear band formation and propagation due to the difficulties in modelling strain and displacement discontinuities. In this paper, a framework to generate shear band elements automatically and continuously is developed. The propagating shear band is modelled using discrete shear band elements by splitting the original finite element mesh. The location or orientation of the shear band is not predetermined in the original finite element mesh. Based on the elasto‐perfect plasticity with an associated flow rule, empirical bifurcation and location criteria are proposed which make band propagation as realistic as possible. Using the Mohr–Coulomb material model, various results from numerical simulations of biaxial tests and passive earth pressure problems have shown that the proposed framework is able to display actual patterns of shear banding in geomaterials. In the numerical examples, the occurrence of multiple shear bands in biaxial test and in the passive earth pressure problem is confirmed by field and laboratory observations. The effects of mesh density and mesh alignment on the shear band patterns and limit loads are also investigated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effectiveness of the longest delivery time rule for the flow shop delivery time problem
Authors: Kaminsky Philip 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the flow shop delivery time problem, a set of jobs has to be processed on m machines. Every machine has to process each one of the jobs, and every job has the same routing through the machines. The objective is to determine a sequence of the jobs on the machines so as to minimize maximum delivery completion time over all the jobs, where the delivery completion time of a job is the sum of its completion time, and the delivery time associated with that job. In this paper, we prove the asymptotic optimality of the Longest Delivery Time algorithm for the static version of this problem, and the Longest Delivery Time among Available Jobs (LDTA) algorithm for the dynamic version of this problem. In addition, we present the result of computational testing of the effectiveness of these algorithms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003
Damage functions and estimates of fratricide and collateral damage
Authors: Lucas Thomas W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere are multiple damage functions in the literature to estimate the probability that a single weapon detonation destroys a point target. This paper addresses differences in the tails of four of the more popular damage functions. These four cover the asymptotic tail behaviors of all monotonically decreasing damage functions with well‐behaved hazard functions. The differences in estimates of probability of kill are quite dramatic for large aim‐point offsets. This is particularly important when balancing the number of threats that can be engaged with the chances of fratricide and collateral damage. In general, analysts substituting one damage function for another may badly estimate kill probabilities in offset‐aiming, which could result in poor doctrine. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 306–321, 2003.
Scheduling patients in an ambulatory surgical center
Authors: Hsu Vernon Ning , de Matta Renato , Lee Chung‐Yee 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a deterministic approach to schedule patients in an ambulatory surgical center (ASC) such that the number of postanesthesia care unit nurses at the center is minimized. We formulate the patient scheduling problem as new variants of the no‐wait, two‐stage process shop scheduling problem and present computational complexity results for the new scheduling models. Also, we develop a tabu search‐based heuristic algorithm to solve the patient scheduling problem. Our algorithm is shown to be very effective in finding near optimal schedules on a set of real data from a university hospital's ASC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003
Scheduling prowler training
Authors: Raffensperger John F. , Swords Scott 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe U.S. Navy Prowler aircraft is designed for electronic surveillance and countermeasures. In this paper, we describe the problem of scheduling Prowler crew training, and we present two integer programming models to solve it. The first model maximizes the number of aviators trained above 75% in each mission area, subject to the available number of flights, over a single month. The second model distinguishes peacetime from mobilization, and minimizes the number of flights done in mobilization subject to the available number of flights in peacetime. Our models distinguish different types of crew and allow more than one qualification to be earned on a given flight. We give numerical results using real data, comparing our results to the actual readiness of a squadron. We found that crew readiness of Prowler squadrons can be increased by 10%, simply by better scheduling. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 289–305, 2003.
Molecular characterization, functional expression, and developmental profile of an ether à‐go‐go K+ channel in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta
Authors: Keyser Matthew R. , Anson Blake D. , Titus Steven A. , Ganetzky Barry , Witten Jane L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA very large number of evolutionarily conserved potassium channels have been identified but very little is known about their function or modulation in vivo. Metamorphosis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, is a compelling model system for such studies because it permits analysis to be conducted at the level of identified neurons whose roles in simple behaviors and endocrine regulation are known. We present here the characterization of the first ion channel to be cloned from this animal. Partial genomic sequence for Manduca sexta ether à‐go‐go (Mseag) and a cDNA clone encoding the Mseag open reading frame were obtained. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that Manduca contains a single member of the eag subfamily per haploid genome. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, MsEag channels conduct a voltage‐dependent, K+ selective outward current with an inactivating component that closely resembles the Drosophila eag current. Mseag transcripts were restricted to the nervous system, adult antenna, and one set of larval skeletal muscles. Steroid hormonal regulation of Mseag expression is suggested by the temporal correlation of developmental changes in transcript expression with the changing steroid titers that promote metamorphosis. These results provide the foundation for functional and modulatory studies of the Eag family of K+ channels in Manduca, which will complement the genetic analysis in Drosophila. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 55: 73–85, 2003
MAPK signal transduction pathway mediates agrin effects on neurite elongation in cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Karasewski Lisa , Ferreira Adriana 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have previously shown that agrin regulates the rates of axonal and dendritic elongation by modulating the expression of microtubule‐associated proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. However, the mechanisms by which agrin‐induced signals are propagated to the nucleus where they can lead to the phosphorylation, and hence the activation, of transcription factors, are not known. In the present study, we identified downstream elements that play essential roles in the agrin‐signaling pathway in developing central neurons. Our results indicate that agrin induces the combined activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/ERK2) and p38 in central neurons. In addition, they showed that PD98059 and SB202190, synthetic inhibitors of ERK1/ERK2 and p38 respectively, prevented the changes in the rate of neurite elongation induced by agrin in cultured hippocampal neurons. Collectively, these results suggest that agrin might modulate the expression of neuron‐specific genes involved in neurite elongation by inducing CREB phosphorylation through the activation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway in cultured hippocampal neurons. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 55: 14–24, 2003
A Trefftz approach to computational mechanics
Authors: Hochard Ch. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a Trefftz method for solving structural elasticity problems and flow problems of incompressible viscous fluids. The problem of unilateral contact is also dealt with. For each type of problem, Trefftz polynomials and associated variational formulations are given. Complex structures are studied by a sub‐structuring technique. This method requires the resolution of a non‐symmetrical linear system. It is shown that it is possible to take advantage of this Trefftz approximation in two ways: (i) the approach presented can be considered as a simplified method which enables a solution to be evaluated quickly; (ii) this approach also makes it possible to obtain a good quality solution associated with high degree polynomial bases. This method is adapted to optimization processes because the discretization of the structure requires only very few sub‐domains to build a good approximation and offers a great flexibility in use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial control in religious organizations: A status report
Authors: Wooten Thomas C. , Coker John W. , Elmore Robert C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral recent high profile cases of financial mismanagement in religious organizations have highlighted the
need for all religious nonprofit organizations (NPOs) to have strong internal accounting controls. These
organizations are often small, rely on a great deal of volunteer support, and as a result may not have the
professional oversight to adequately monitor the resources of the organization or the behavior of its leaders. The
purpose of this article is to assess the current state of financial control for one segment of religious NPOs,
churches, and give some suggestions for improvement. In this study over 530 churches of widely varying sizes
responded to an extensive survey about specific internal controls they may or may not have in place. The results
are assessed in light of preferred practices. Readers can use this information to strengthen current practices and
provide a greater level of assurance that an organization is directing its resources toward its mission.
Levation of serum macrophage colony stimulating factor level in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang JianMin , Kong QingLi , Zhang ZhenXin , Ge PingJiang , Ba DeNian , He Wei 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere was impairment of immune function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the perturbation of immune system was involved in the pathogenesis of AD. To investigate the mechanism of the impairment of immune function in AD patients, we analyzed the levels of serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and M‐CSF in AD patients. The results demonstrated that levels of serum M‐CSF were significantly increased in AD patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.01), and they were significantly correlated with the degree of dementia (CDR and MMSE) in AD patients. Our findings indicated that M‐CSF might play an important role in the development of neuropathology of patients with AD, and it might serve as an indicator for monitoring the perturbation of immune function in patients with AD.
A nonconventional Eulerian‐Lagrangian single‐node collocation method with Hermite polynomials for unsteady‐state advection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Hong , Pinder George F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe developed a nonconventional Eulerian‐Lagrangian single‐node collocation method (ELSCM) with piecewise‐cubic Hermite polynomials as basis functions for the numerical simulation to unsteady‐state advection‐diffusion transport partial differential equations. This method greatly reduces the number of unknowns in the conventional collocation method, and generates accurate numerical solutions even if very large time steps are taken. The method is relatively easy to formulate. Numerical experiments are presented to show the strong potential of this method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 271–283, 2003.
Epstein–Barr virus and microsatellite instability in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Chang Mee Soo , Lee Hye Seung , Kim Hee Sung , Kim Sun Hee , Choi Seung Im , Lee Byung Lan , Kim Chul Woo , Kim Yong Il , Yang Mihi , Kim Woo Ho 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLittle information is available concerning the relationship between transforming viruses and microsatellite instability (MSI). We evaluated Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) using in situ hybridization for EBV‐encoded small RNAs and MSI using the polymerase chain reaction in surgically resected gastric cancer. The study subjects included 298 consecutive cases of solitary gastric carcinoma, 63 gastric carcinomas in young patients (≤30 years old), 64 cases of gastric cancer coexisting with gastric adenoma in a single lesion, 26 cases of gastric remnant cancer, and 98 carcinomas from 47 patients with synchronous multiple gastric carcinomas. There was no overlapping case among these subsets of gastric cancer. None of these 549 gastric carcinomas demonstrated both EBV positivity and MSI positivity. Furthermore, the EBV‐positive and the MSI‐positive cases showed a mutually negative association in all subsets of gastric cancer. 5.7% of consecutive solitary gastric carcinomas were EBV positive, and 9.7% were MSI positive. EBV was positive in 1.6% of gastric cancers coexisting with gastric adenoma, 12.7% of younger patients, 28.6% of gastric remnant cancer with previous gastrectomy for benign disease, and 14.5% of synchronous cancers without adenoma. MSI was found in 1.6% of younger patients, 18.8% of gastric cancers coexisting with gastric adenoma, 25% of gastric remnant cancer with previous gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and in 53.3% of synchronous gastric carcinomas having gastric adenoma remote from the cancer. In conclusion, the carcinogenic roles of EBV and MSI may be different in terms of each subset of gastric cancer. EBV and MSI may contribute to functionally equivalent pathways in gastric carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antenatal urodynamic studies in the fetal lamb: experimental protocol and preliminary results
Authors: Tayrac Renaud de , Cuckow Peter Malcom , Devlieger Roland , Deprest Jan , Bogaert Guy , Ville Yves 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo set up a fetal lamb model for intrauterine fetal urodynamic studies.MethodsFourteen fetal lambs underwent placement of a bladder catheter at a mean gestational age of 87 days. Three fetuses also had a partial urethral obstruction by the simultaneous placement of a peri‐urethral constricting ring. Urodynamic and ultrasound studies were performed weekly by the filling cystometry method.ResultsHundred and six voiding cycles were recorded during 25 urodynamic studies between 84‐ and 133‐days gestation. All voiding profiles were biphasic with a mean duration of 4.2 min (range 1–10), a mean voiding pressure of 23 cm of water (range 7–33) and a mean periodicity of 19.2 min (range 11–50). The obstructed animals had bladder overactivity. This correlated with ultrasound and post‐mortem findings of megacystis and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The fetal mortality rate was 85.7% and the mean duration of survival post surgery was 45 ± 5.7 days.ConclusionSerial urodynamic studies could be performed in a fetal lamb model. Following partial urethral obstruction, bladder overactivity was observed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful early in utero management of fetal hydrothorax in a twin pregnancy
Authors: Lam H. , Yates R. , Jauniaux E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy in which one of the fetuses was found to have a major pleural effusion at 15 weeks of gestation. A single‐needle pleural fluid aspiration was performed at 15 and 16 weeks, but the fluid reaccumulated quickly after each procedure and at 16 weeks, the fetus was found to become progressively hydropic. A shunt was then successfully inserted at 17 weeks, which is the earliest gestation reported so far in the literature for such a procedure to treat isolated hydrothorax. Because we felt that the fetus would be too small for a classical double‐pigtail pleuroamniotic shunt, we used a multilength double‐pigtail bladder stent (Harrison drain; Cook; Spencer; Indiana; USA) via a 13‐gauge echo tip trocar. This shunt could be used for both singleton and twin pregnancies presenting with fetal pleural effusion from as early as 16 to 17 weeks to prevent the development of fetal hydrops and polyhydramnios and subsequent premature delivery. Treatment at this stage of gestation would also minimize the risk of lung hypoplasia, which is the main clinical issue when shunts are inserted after 24 weeks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limiting efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells due to Coulomb‐enhanced Auger recombination
Authors: Kerr Mark J. , Cuevas Andres , Campbell Patrick 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExcitonic effects are known to enhance the rate of intrinsic recombination processes in crystalline silicon. New calculations for the limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells are presented here, based on a recent parameterization for the Coulomb‐enhanced Auger recombination rate, which accounts for its dopant type and dopant density dependence at an arbitrary injection level. Radiative recombination has been included along with photon recycling effects modeled by three‐dimensional ray tracing. A maximum cell efficiency of 29.05% has been calculated for a 90‐μm‐thick cell made from high resistivity silicon at 25°C. For 1 Ω cmp‐type silicon, the maximum efficiency reduces from 28.6% for a 55‐μm‐thick cell in the absence of surface recombination, down to 27.0% for a thickness in the range 300–500 μm when surface recombination limits the open‐circuit voltage to 720 mV. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warum gibt es Materie?
Authors: Ziegler Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeit über 30 Jahren wird die CP‐Verletzung zur Erklärung der Materie‐Antimaterie‐Asymmetrie im Universum herangezogen. Seit kurzem ist jedoch klar, dass der Effekt viel zu gering ist, um diese Baryon‐Asymmetrie zu erklären. Theoretiker am DESY und von der Universität Oxford haben ein Modell entwickelt, das die Baryon‐Asymmetrie mit Hilfe des Zerfalls schwerer Majorana‐Neutrinos erklärt [1].
Neue Karte der kosmischen Hintergrundstrahlung
Authors: Bührke Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAmerikanische Astronomen veröffentlichten kürzlich die bislang genaueste Karte der kosmischen Hintergrundstrahlung. Sie ermöglicht es, eine Reihe kosmologischer Größen mit erstaunlicher Genauigkeit zu bestimmen. Das Weltalter wird nunmehr zu 13,7 ± 0,2 Milliarden Jahren angenommen.
Aerosole und das Klimasystem: Atmosphärenforschung
Authors: Feichter Johann 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAerosolpartikel beeinflussen Wetter und Klima. Sie streuen das Sonnenlicht zurück in den Weltraum oder absorbieren es und bewirken damit eine Abkühlung der Erdoberfläche. Man vermutet daher, dass die anthropogen produzierten Aerosole den anthropogen verursachten Treibhauseffekt mildern. Aerosole fungieren auch als Kondensationskerne für Wassertröpfchen und Eiskristalle, womit sie die physikalischen und optischen Eigenschaften von Wolken sowie die Verteilung der Niederschläge beeinflussen. Um die Verteilung des Aerosols realistisch simulieren und mit dem Klimasystem zu koppeln, müssen die Massenverteilung, die chemische Zusammensetzung und die Größenverteilung der Teilchen bekannt sein.
Hochsprung auf dem Mond: Biomechanik
Authors: Thaller Sigrid 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUm wie viel höher ein Mensch auf dem Mond als auf der Erde springt, hängt wesentlich von den individuellen Muskeleigenschaften ab. Eine Bewegung wird durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von Muskelkraft, Geschwindigkeit, Ansteuerung der Muskeln und Geometrie der Gelenke bestimmt. Deshalb hängt die Größe der Auswirkungen einer Gravitationsänderung wieder von den einzelnen Eigenschaften ab. Es kann sogar zu einer Umkehrung der Reihenfolge in der Sprungleistung kommen. Dann ist der Bessere von zwei Springern auf der Erde auf dem Mond der schlechtere.
Delocalized free electron densities in degraded polystyrene and polypropylene macroradicals: The source of different photooxidation rates
Authors: Shyichuk Alexander , Melnyk Dmytro , White Jim R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractElectron structures of alkyl, alkoxy, and peroxy macroradicals for both polypropylene and polystyrene have been studied with quantum chemical methods. The polystyrene tertiary alkoxy macroradical has full delocalization of free spin on a neighboring aromatic ring. In addition, the spin is quite delocalized on polystyrene tertiary alkoxy macroradicals and also on both secondary and tertiary peroxy macroradicals. Such strong delocalization does not occur with polypropylene macroradicals, and it is proposed that the inactivation of polystyrene macroradicals caused by spin delocalization is the reason that polystyrene photodegradation rates are slower than those of polypropylene. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1070–1076, 2003