bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for the prevention of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Fujimura Takashi , Yonemura Yutaka , Muraoka Keiichi , Takamura Hiroyuki , Hirono Yasuo , Sahara Hiroyuki , Ninomiya Itasu , Matsumoto Hisashi , Tsugawa Kouichiro , Nishimura Gen‐ichi , Sugiyama Kazuo , Miwa Kouichi , Miyazaki Itsuo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe performed continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) or continuous normothermic peritoneal perfusion (CNPP) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) 300 mg/kg and mitomycin C (MMC) 30 mg/kg in an attempt to prevent peritoneal recurrence after surgery for gastric cancer. Twenty‐two patients were treated with perfusion using about 10 liters of saline heated to 41° to 42°C (CHPP group); 18 patients were treated with saline heated to 37° to 38°C (CNPP group); and 18 patients underwent only gastric surgery without perfusion (control group) in a randomized control study. There were two deaths (9%) due to peritoneal recurrence in the CHPP group, four (22%) in the CNPP group, and four (22%) in the control group. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates were 95%, 89%, and 68%, in the CHPP group; 81%, 75%, and 51%, in the CNPP group; and 43%, 23%, and 23%, in the control group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three survival curves by the log‐rank test (p<0.01). This difference showed that CNPP and CHPP are both effective procedures for preventing peritoneal recurrence. The maximum concentrations in the perfusate of total and free CDDP with 300 mg administration were 12.2 and 10.1 μg/ml, respectively, at the end of the perfusion, and the maximum concentrations of total and free CDDP in plasma were 2.1 and 1.0 μg/ml, respectively. The maximum concentrations of MMC in perfusate and plasma with 30 mg administration were 1.00 and 0.05 μg/ml, respectively, which are intraperitoneally cytotoxic but systemically safe concentrations.
Towards integrated optimal configuration of platform products, manufacturing processes, and supply chains
Authors: Huang George Q. , Zhang X.Y. , Liang L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper seeks to address the challenge of designing effective supply chain systems that integrate platform product decisions, manufacturing process decisions, and supply sourcing decisions. Specifically, this paper considers the specific scenario of optimizing the configuration of the supply chain system given commonality among platform products. The paper uses and extends the concept of Generic Bills of Materials (GBOM) of a product family as a unified framework for qualitatively capturing and representing the structure of its supply chain. This qualitative model is then enhanced by a mathematical model developed to quantify the relationships among various design decisions. Endeavoring to solve the mathematical model more efficiently, we propose an effective heuristic method using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Although GA generally does not guarantee the optimal solution, the best heuristic solutions obtained in this study are consistent with the optimal solutions obtained using Dynamic Programming. The resulting mathematical model and solution algorithm are then used to investigate the mutual impact between the design decisions of platform products and of processes in the supply chain through sensitivity analyses. Several useful managerial insights are generated and discussed.
Functional Outcomes Following Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Akst Lee M. , Chan James , Elson Paul , Saxton Jerrold , Strome Marshall , Adelstein David 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVETo study functional outcomes following concurrent chemoradiotherapy of head and neck cancer.METHODSA retrospective chart review assessed diet, feeding tube use, and tracheotomy pretreatment and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months posttreatment.RESULTSOf 196 patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy between 1990 and 2002, 148 (76%) required feeding tubes immediately posttreatment; 150 (77%) required nutritional support at 3 months. By 12 months, 92% were tube‐free and 83% resumed near‐normal diet. Of 17 patients (9%) with tracheotomy posttreatment, 71% were decannulated by 6 months. Stage IV disease strongly predicted prolonged feeding tube use and slow recovery of diet; age ≥60 also predicted slow recovery. Primary site, gender, and radiotherapy schedule did not predict functional recovery after adjusting for stage and age.CONCLUSIONFew patients required tracheotomy before or during chemoradiotherapy. Many patients required feeding tubes and nutritional support for several months following therapy, but most were tube‐free and eating near‐normal diets within 1 year. EBM rating: C.
Phase 1 Clinical Trial Results of the Envoy System: A Totally Implantable Middle Ear Device for Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Chen Douglas A. , Backous Douglas D. , Arriaga Moisés A. , Garvin Renee , Kobylek Deborah , Littman Thomas , Walgren Sue , Lura David 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVESThis report will present the results of the USA Phase 1 clinical trials for the Envoy System (St. Croix Medical): A totally implantable middle ear hearing system for sensorineural loss.STUDY DESIGNA prospective, single‐subject, repeated‐measures, multicenter study was performed to evaluate safety and functionality of the Envoy System. Data collected included Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, bone conduction threshold, speech reception threshold, functional gain, word recognition, and adverse events. Testing was performed unaided, with the patient's best‐fit hearing aid, and post device activation at 2 (trial endpoint) and 4 months.RESULTSFive of 7 patients at the 2‐month postactivation period had working systems. All 5 patients perceived benefit increases with the Envoy System over their best‐fit hearing aid, including communication in high background noise levels. Word recognition was improved over hearing aids. Functional gain and speech reception thresholds were similar for the Envoy device and hearing aids.CONCLUSIONSThe feasibility trial has shown the Envoy device, a totally implantable middle ear device, can safely sense and drive the ossicular chain. EBM rating: B‐2.
Bacterial Tracheitis Reexamined: Is There a Less Severe Manifestation?
Authors: Salamone Frank N. , Bobbitt D. Bradley , Myer Charles M. , Rutter Michael J. , Greinwald John H. 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVEBacterial tracheitis (BT) is a condition that can cause fatal airway obstruction. We evaluated our experience with BT over a 10‐year period.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective review of patients treated for BT between 1991 and 2001. RESULTS: Ninety‐four cases were evaluated. The mean patient age was 7.9 years. At presentation, 60% were afebrile, and the mean WBC count was 10.8 × 103/mm3. Only 53% of patients required intubation. Younger children were more likely to require this intervention. S. aureus was the most commonly cultured bacteria, while isolation of M. catarrhalis was associated with a higher intubation rate. A pathologic virus was isolated in 64% of the 34 cultures performed. Only 9 patients were described as “toxic,” and 6 presented in respiratory extremis. There were no deaths.CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCEA subset of patients with tracheal membranes has a less severe clinical appearance. Nonetheless, these patients require debridement and aggressive medical treatment. We propose that the term “exudative tracheitis” (ET) better describes this entity. Older patients who are less systemically ill and rapidly respond to local and systemic therapy are characteristic of ET. EBM rating: C.
Can History and Physical Examination Reliably Diagnose Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Brietzke Scott E. , Katz Eliot S. , Roberson David W. 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVEUsing an evidence‐based technique, systematically review the literature to evaluate the accuracy of routine clinical history and physical examination in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the pediatric patient.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGThe biomedical literature was systematically reviewed. Articles comparing the results of clinical evaluation to polysomnography (PSG) were selected. The level of evidence was assessed using established evidence‐based medicine (EBM) guidelines.RESULTSTwelve articles were identified using the search criteria. Eleven of 12 articles concluded that clinical evaluation is inaccurate in the diagnosis of OSAHS. The level of evidence was good to very good (Grade B/B+).CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCEClinical history and physical examination are not reliable for diagnosing OSAHS compared with overnight PSG. Complicating the interpretation of this work is the lack of a validated PSG threshold of clinically significant disease. There is an urgent need for the development of adequate screening tests with validated clinical outcomes. EBM rating: B‐3.
Complications of Neonatal Tracheostomy: A 5‐Year Review
Authors: Pereira Kevin D. , Macgregor Allison R. , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVEStudy the complication rate of tracheostomy in premature infants and identify contributing factors.SETTINGTwo university‐based tertiary care children's hospitals.METHODSThe charts of 55 neonates who underwent tracheostomy between January 1997 and December 2002 were reviewed. Group 1 included 32 infants born weighing < 1000 grams. Group 2 included 23 infants born weighing ≥ 1000 grams.RESULTSGroup 1 infants had a higher incidence of comorbidities related to prematurity. Thirty‐eight infants underwent tracheostomy due to ventilatory dependence, 13 for airway obstruction, and 4 for neurologic debilitation. Sixteen infants (29%) had a complication related to tracheostomy. There was no tracheostomy‐related mortality.CONCLUSIONSTracheostomy in the preterm infant has the potential for significant morbidity. Meticulous technique, surgeon experience and specialized care may play a role in reducing the complication rate. Complications are usually minor and do not require additional surgical intervention. EBM rating: C.
Lamina Propria Replacement Therapy with Cultured Autologous Fibroblasts for Vocal Fold Scars
Authors: Chhetri Dinesh K. , Head Christian , Revazova Elena , Hart Stephen , Bhuta Sunita , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVESTo develop a canine model of vocal fold scar and to evaluate its treatment with lamina propria replacement therapy using autologous cultured fibroblasts.MATERIALS AND METHODSFull thickness of the lamina propria layer in canine vocal folds was injured with a laser. Fibroblasts were cultured and expanded in the laboratory from a buccal mucosal biopsy. The scarred vocal folds were treated with 3 weekly injections of fourth, fifth, and sixth passage autologous fibroblasts. Mucosal waves and acoustic parameters were measured at baseline, after scarification, and several months after injection therapy. Histologic evaluation of the vocal folds for fibroblasts, collagen, elastin, reticulin, and hyaluronic acid was performed.RESULTSNine beagle dogs were used, and 1 animal served as control. Vocal fold scarring resulted in absent or severely limited mucosal waves and significantly worse acoustic parameters. Significant improvements in mucosal waves and acoustic parameters were obtained after lamina propria replacement therapy. After therapy, mucosal waves became normal in 4 animals and near normal in the other 4. No statistical difference was found in mucosal waves between baseline and post‐therapy. All animals tolerated therapy without complications. The treated vocal folds demonstrated an increased density of fibroblasts, collagen, and reticulin, a decreased density of elastin, and no change in hyaluronic acid.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCETherapeutic options for vocal fold scars are limited. Lamina propria replacement therapy in the form of autologous cultured fibroblasts improves mucosal pliability and returns normal or near normal mucosal waves in experimentally scarred vocal folds. This novel therapeutic modality may hold new promise for treating vocal fold scars.
Esophageal Incisions Repair by CO2 Laser Soldering
Authors: Nageris Ben I. , Zilker Zeev , Zilker Maya , Kariv Noam , Feinmesser Rafael , Katzir Abraham 
Published: December 2004

PURPOSEThis study evaluated the feasibility of fiberoptic CO2 laser soldering for the repair of esophageal injuries under tight temperature feedback control in an animal model. Healing was compared to conventional suture closure.MATERIALS AND METHODSA CO2 soldering system equipped with infrared transmitting silver halide fibers was used. The soldered tissue temperature was monitored continuously, and laser power was adjusted to provide constant temperature. The procedure was done with 50% bovine serum albumin solder. Longitudinal incisions measuring 8 to 10 mm were made under general anesthesia in the cervical esophagus of 25 rats. Twenty rats (group I) underwent laser tissue bonding; 8 of which were tested in a preliminary study to determine optimal laser parameters. In the remaining 5 rats (group II, controls), closure was performed with 1 layer of 6/0 Vicryl sutures. The rats were sacrificed 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively, and the esophagus was examined histologically.RESULTSOptimal temperature was found to be 65 to 70° C and optimal exposure time, 150 to 200 seconds. Laser soldering was successful in 9 of the 12 rats (75%) treated under optimal settings; suturing was successful in 4 of the 5 control rats (80%). There were no significant differences between the groups in healing or complication rates.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that the CO2 laser soldering technique is a valid option for the correction of esophageal tears or incisions in rats. The confirmation and extension of these findings in further studies with larger animals may ultimately lead to the routine in vivo use of temperature‐controlled laser repair for the esophagus and other organs. This method lends itself to endoscopic bonding of tissues.
Post‐Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage: Cold versus Hot Dissection
Authors: Lee Michael S. W. , Montague Mary‐Louise , Musheer Hussain S. S. 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVEThe aim of our study was to assess the rate of reactionary and secondary posttonsillectomy hemorrhage using “cold” dissection and bipolar diathermy and to determine whether there was any difference in the postoperative hemorrhage rate between the 2 methods.METHODSThis was a prospective study of all patients undergoing tonsillectomy between November 8, 1999 and November 7, 2000 in a tertiary medical centre. The data collected included patient identity, age, gender, date of surgery, method of operation, and complications (if any). The timing of reactionary or secondary posttonsillectomy hemorrhage and the treatment were recorded. We hypothesized no difference in posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates using the 2 methods. X 2 test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTSA total of 349 patients underwent tonsillectomy in the period (134 males, 215 females, mean age was 16.7 years). Of these, 337 were bilateral procedures, 145 patients had tonsillectomy using cold dissection, and 192 patients had bipolar diathermy. Reactionary hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient (0.3%) and 31 patients (9.2%) developed secondary hemorrhage. The hemorrhage rates using cold dissection (n = 8) and bipolar diathermy (n = 24) were 5.5% and 12.5%, respectively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe primary and secondary posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates were 0.3 and 9.2%, respectively. Tonsillectomy using bipolar diathermy has a statistically significant higher secondary hemorrhage rate than using cold dissection (12.5% vs. 5.5%, P < 0.05). (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131:833–6.)
Randomized Double‐Blinded, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial of Famciclovir for Reduction of Ménière's Disease Symptoms
Authors: Derebery M. Jennifer , Fisher Laurel M. , Iqbal Zarina 
Published: December 2004

OBJECTIVETo conduct a clinical trial of famciclovir for symptom control in Ménière's disease.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRandomized, double‐blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial in a tertiary referral center, with 12 subjects in the active treatment arm and 11 subjects in the placebo arm.RESULTSThere were no serious adverse events. Twenty‐five percent of the famciclovir group and 18% of the placebo group showed a reduction in number of vertigo spells, the primary efficacy endpoint. This difference was not statistically significant. All subjects improved in dizziness and health‐related quality of life. There was a trend for the famciclovir arm to have less fluctuation in hearing relative to the placebo arm.CONCLUSIONNo dramatic effects of famciclovir were found on vertigo or dizziness. Some promising effects on reduction of the fluctuation in hearing were observed.SIGNIFICANCEFamciclovir may suppress the fluctuation of hearing in Ménière's disease, but had a minimal effect on vertigo or dizziness symptoms in this study. The probable multifactorial etiology in Ménière's disease requires that further studies be conducted to determine the effects of antiviral medications. EBM rating: A.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathways in IL‐1β‐dependent rat airway smooth muscle proliferation
Authors: Zhai Wenwu , Eynott Paul R , Oltmanns Ute , Leung Sum Yee , Chung Kian Fan 
Published: December 2004

Asthma is associated with abnormal airway smooth muscle (ASM) growth that may contribute to airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness. We investigated the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in IL‐1β induced ASM proliferation in the rat.
Rat tracheal ASM cells were dissociated and maintained in culture. We examined the effect of selective MAPK inhibitors, SB239063 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor), U0126 (a mitogen‐activated and extracellular regulated kinase kinase, MEK‐1, inhibitor which inhibits downstream extracellular regulated kinase, ERK, activity), and SP600125 (a c‐jun N‐terminal kinase, JNK, inhibitor) on IL‐1β‐induced proliferation.
Proliferation of ASM cells was significantly increased following exposure to IL‐1β in a dose‐dependent manner. p38, JNK and ERK MAPKs were activated by IL‐1β in a time‐dependent manner, with peak activation time at 30, 60 min and at 6 h, respectively. This activation was inhibited by their respective inhibitors. SP600125 (20 μM) had no effect on IL‐1β‐induced ERK and p38 phosphorylation.
SB239063, U0126 and SP600125 dose‐dependently inhibited IL‐1β‐dependent proliferation at doses that inhibit the activities of p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs, respectively. No additive or synergistic effects were observed on proliferative responses with any combination of these compounds.
In conclusion, the three major MAPK pathways, ERK as well as the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, are independent regulators of IL‐1β‐dependent proliferation of rat ASM.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 1042–1049. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705971
β2‐Adrenergic receptor regulation of human neutrophil function is sexually dimorphic
Authors: de Coupade Catherine , Gear Robert W , Dazin Paul F , Sroussi Herve Y , Green Paul G , Levine Jon D 
Published: December 2004

While the mechanisms underlying the marked sexual dimorphism in inflammatory diseases are not well understood, the sexually dimorphic sympathoadrenal axis profoundly affects the inflammatory response. We tested whether adrenergic receptor‐mediated activation of human neutrophil function is sexually dimorphic, since neutrophils provide the first line of defense in the inflammatory response.
There was a marked sexual dimorphism in β2‐adrenergic receptor binding, using the specific β2‐adrenergic receptor ligand, [3H]‐dihydroalprenolol, with almost three times more binding sites on neutrophils from females (20,878±2470) compared to males (7331±3179).
There was also a marked sexual dimorphism in the effects of isoprenaline, a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, which increased nondirected locomotion (chemokinesis) in neutrophils obtained from females, while having no effect on neutrophils from males.
Isoprenaline stimulated the release of a chemotactic factor from neutrophils obtained from females, but not from males. This chemotactic factor acts on the G protein‐coupled CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) chemokine receptor, since an anti‐CXCR2 antibody and the selective nonpeptide CXCR2 antagonist SB225002, inhibited chemotaxis produced by this factor. While interleukin‐ (IL‐) 8 is a principal CXCR2 ligand, isoprenaline did not produce an increase in IL‐8 release from neutrophils.
IL‐8‐induced chemotaxis was inhibited in a sexually dimorphic manner by isoprenaline, which also stimulated release of a mediator from neutrophils that induced chemotaxis, that was inhibited by anti‐CXCR2 antibodies.
These findings indicate an important role for adrenergic receptors in the modulation of neutrophil trafficking, which could contribute to sex‐differences in the inflammatory response.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 1033–1041. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705972
Mechanisms of β3‐adrenoceptor‐induced eNOS activation in right atrial and left ventricular human myocardium
Authors: Brixius Klara , Bloch Wilhelm , Pott Christian , Napp Andreas , Krahwinkel Andreas , Ziskoven Christoph , Koriller Marco , Mehlhorn Uwe , Hescheler J , Fleischmann Bernd , Schwinger Robert H G 
Published: December 2004

β‐adrenoceptors are important modulators of cardiac function. The present study investigated β3‐adrenergic eNOS activation in human myocardium.
We measured nitric oxide (NO) liberation (diaminofluorescence) and signal transduction (immunohistochemistry, phosphorylation of eNOSSer1177, eNOSThr495, eNOSSer114, Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), and eNOS translocation) in human right atrial (RA, aortocoronary‐bypass OP) and left ventricular nonfailing (LV, rejected donor hearts) myocardium after application of BRL 37344 (BRL), a preferential β3‐adrenoceptor agonist.
In both RA and LV, BRL (10 μl) induced a liberation of NO. An eNOS activation via translocation was only observed in RA after application of BRL (10 μM). Yet, the NO liberation in both LV and RA was accompanied by phosphorylation of eNOSSer1177 and Akt/PKB. BRL‐induced eNOS phosphorylation was abolished by LY292004, a blocker of PI‐3 kinase. eNOS‐Ser114 phosphorylation was unchanged in RA, but decreased in LV after β3‐adrenergic stimulation. BRL did not alter phosphorylation of eNOSThr495.
In conclusion, receptor‐dependent eNOS activation is differentially regulated in the human heart. In the left ventricle, eNOS activation via phosphorylation seems to be of major importance, whereas in human atrial myocardium eNOS translocation is the predominant mechanism induced by β3‐adrenergic activation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 1014–1022. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705983