bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of potentially traumatic events in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Costello E. Jane , Erkanli Alaattin , Fairbank John A. , Angold Adrian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper examines exposure to potentially traumatic events from middle childhood through adolescence, and vulnerability to such exposure. Analyses are based on the first 4 annual waves of data from a longitudinal general population study of youth in western North Carolina, involving 4,965 interviews with 1,420 children and adolescents and their parents or guardians. Participants reported on DSM extreme stressors (“high magnitude events”), other potentially traumatic events (“low magnitude events”), and background vulnerability factors. In this general population sample, one‐quarter experienced at least one high magnitude event by age 16, 6% within the past 3 months. One third experienced a low magnitude event in the past 3 months. The likelihood of such exposure increased with the number of vulnerability factors.
Changes in PTSD patients' narratives during prolonged exposure therapy: A replication and extension
Authors: van Minnen Agnes , Wessel Ineke , Dijkstra Ton , Roelofs Karin 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFollowing E. B. Foa, C. Molnar, and L. Cashman (1995), narrative changes from the first to the last exposure session were compared for improved and nonimproved PTSD patients on fragmentation, organization, internal, and external events. Improved (n = 8) and nonimproved (n = 12) patients did not differ regarding changes in fragmentation or organized thoughts. However, improved patients showed a greater decrease in disorganized thoughts during treatment. Furthermore, all patients, independent of improvement, showed significant changes in the same direction: a decrease in disorganized thoughts and external events and an increase in internal events. Although previous results were partly replicated, it is concluded that narrative changes may he due to exposure treatment itself rather than to changes in memory representation.
The Impact of Internalized Homophobia on HIV Preventive Interventions
Authors: Huebner David M. , Davis Mary C. , Nemeroff Carol J. , Aiken Leona S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA growing body of research implicates internalized homophobia—the internalization of society's antihomosexual sentiments by gay and lesbian people—as a factor contributing to HIV‐related sexual risk behavior in gay and bisexual men. Although accumulating evidence links internalized homophobia and sexual risk behavior, no study has explored the impact of internalized homophobia on efforts to prevent these behaviors. This paper examines the effect of internalized homophobia on gay and bisexual men's awareness of, participation in, and perceptions of programs offered by a community‐based HIV prevention organization. In Study 1, 595 gay and bisexual men reported their levels of awareness of and participation in HIV prevention programming offered by one community organization. Internalized homophobia was negatively related to men's awareness of the services offered by the organization. However, among the men who were aware of at least one service, internalized homophobia did not further predict service utilization. Study 2 examined 89 gay and bisexual men who participated for a single session in a group‐structured, community‐based HIV preventive intervention. Pre‐ to immediate postintervention change in perceptions of condom use self‐efficacy was inversely related to internalized homophobia. Internalized homophobia was also a significant negative predictor of the extent to which participants felt similar to and related well with other members of the group. Together, these findings suggest that internalized homophobia may pose multiple barriers to community‐based HIV prevention efforts.
Patterns of Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Primary Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Testis in a Survey by the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group
Authors: Zucca E. , Conconi A. , Mughal T.I. , Sarris A.H. , Seymour J.F. , Vitolo U. , Klasa R. , Ozsahin M. , Mead G.M. , Gianni M.A. , Cortelazzo S. , Ferreri A.J.M. , Ambrosetti A. , Martelli M. , Thiéblemont C. , Moreno H. Gomez , Pinotti G. , Martinelli G. , Mozzana R. , Grisanti S. , Provencio M. , Balzarotti M. , Laveder F. , Oltean G. , Callea V. , Roy P. , Cavalli F. , Gospodarowicz M.K. 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: To determine clinical features and patterns of outcome of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLCL). Patients and Methods: A retrospective international survey of 373 patients with primary testicular DLCL. Results: Most patients presented with localized disease (stage I to II), and the median age at diagnosis was 66 years (range, 19 to 91 years). Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was administered to 255 patients (68%), and prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy was given to 68 patients (18%); 133 patients (36%) received prophylactic scrotal radiotherapy. Median overall survival was 4.8 years, and median progression-free survival was 4 years. The survival curves showed no clear evidence of a substantial proportion of cured patients. A favorable international prognostic index score (IPI), no B-symptoms, the use of anthracyclines, and prophylactic scrotal radiotherapy were significantly associated with longer survival at multivariate analysis. However, even for patients with stage I disease and good-risk IPI, the outcome seems worse than what was reported for DLCL at other sites. At a median follow-up of 7.6 years, 195 patients (52%) had relapsed. Extranodal recurrence was reported in 140 cases. Relapses in CNS were detected in 56 patients (15%) up to 10 years after presentation. A continuous risk of recurrence in the contralateral testis was seen in patients not receiving scrotal radiotherapy. Conclusion: Testicular DLCL is characterized by a particularly high risk of extranodal relapse even in cases with localized disease at diagnosis. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy, CNS prophylaxis, and contralateral testicular irradiation seem to improve the outcome. Their efficacy is under evaluation in a prospective clinical trial.
Complete Freund's adjuvant immunization prolongs survival in experimental prion disease in mice
Authors: Tal Yuval , Souan Lina , Cohen Irun R. , Meiner Zeev , Taraboulos Albert , Mor Felix 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe recently reported that immunization of mice with certain self‐prion protein peptides induced specific T‐cell and B‐cell immune responses; importantly, this immunization was associated with a decrease in the number of protease‐resistant PrPSc particles recoverable in a transplanted, scrapie‐infected syngeneic tumor. The present study was carried out to determine whether immunization with the immunogenic PrP peptides might influence the natural history of experimental scrapie in mice. We immunized C57BL/6 mice with self‐prion peptides in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or with CFA alone as a control and then infected the mice with mouse‐adapted scrapie by injection either intraperitoneally or intracerebrally. We report here that immunization with CFA, irrespective of whether prion peptides were present in the inoculum, resulted in marked prolongation of survival of the mice, whether the challenge was intracerebral or intraperitoneal. Mice in the immunized and control groups that died contained equivalent amounts of PrPSc. Thus, CFA immunization has a therapeutic effect in experimental scrapie in mice, possibly by reducing the rate of PrPSc accumulation in the brain. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High-Resolution Climate Simulations of Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 in Europe
Authors: Barron Eric , Pollard David 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS 3) climate and its variations are the focus of the Stage 3 Project. The objective of the OIS 3 modeling effort is twofold: (1) to explore the importance of different boundary conditions on the climate of Europe and (2) to develop climate simulations that best reproduce the wealth of OIS 3 observations. Given the complexity of the topography and coastlines, the modeling effort is based on a “nested” General Circulation Model (GCM) and mesoscale model (RegCM2) with climate simulations for Europe on a 60-km grid spacing. The key conclusions are as follows: (1) The mesoscale model, driven by GCM output, does a reasonable job of reproducing the modern European climate. (2) OIS 3 variations in orbit, CO2, and ice-sheet size are of little significance in explaining the observed climate variability. (3) The model results focus attention on North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SST) as a major factor in explaining OIS 3 climates. (4) Experiments for different SST values capture a number of systematic changes in sea-level pressure and precipitation. (5) Climate models simulate substantial European cooling and significant changes in precipitation, but they do not explain large differences between OIS 3 warm and cold episodes.
Risperidone in chronic schizophrenia: a detailed audit, open switch study and two-year follow-up of patients on depot medication
Authors: Conlon L , Fahy T.J , OˈToole R. , Gilligan J. , Prescott P. 
Published: December 2002

SummaryLittle information exists on the medium- to long-term outcome of switching patients with schizophrenia from traditional depot to atypical oral antipsychotic agents. By detailed clinical audit, we identified a representative group of 102 patients of an Irish psychiatric service with DSM-IV chronic schizophrenia and on depot neuroleptics for a mean of 15 years. Of 69 eligible to participate, 33 entered a 6-month switch study of risperidone, with limited follow-up of consenters and non-consenters at 1 and 2 years. At 6 months, 23 of 33 were still on risperidone and had small significant improvements in clinical and extrapyramidal side effects, QOL and adjunct medication measures over baseline. At 12 months, 19 of 33 were still on risperidone, reducing to 13 of 33 at 2 years. At 2 years, of 32 surviving consenters to switch, 19 had suffered clinically detrimental events and were no longer on risperidone, compared to none of the 33 surviving non-consenters, who were all still on depot. These findings suggest that switching from depot to risperidone may encounter high rates of refusal and attrition subsequent to switch. While a majority of switched patients may improve after to least 6 months, audit plus switch may have clinically unfavourable effects on others over a 2-year follow-up period.
Benefits and Research in the Labour Market
Authors: Sinfield Adrian 
Published: December 2002

‘Discussion of unemployment compensation by economists in the West is typically concerned with its negative aspects' (Micklewright, 1991, p. 419).’ ‘A richer view of the relationship between unemployment and the labour market enables recognition of ‘some of the ways in which [benefits] may have a positive, rather than a negative, impact’ (Atkinson and Micklewright, 1991, p. 1722).’ This paper builds on one presented in Karlstad in June 1996 where I analysed the evidence on the disincentive effect of benefits in the 1994 OECD Jobs Study (Sinfield, 1997). In many respects that paper became a negative exercise, dwelling on the shortcomings in the disincentive evidence and its neglect of alternative evidence. The present paper is directed towards a more positive objective. It attempts to measure up to C. Wright Mills' comment when he gave unemployment as his first illustration of the potential value of the sociological imagination: ‘both the correct statement of the problem and the range of possible solutions require us to consider the economic and political institutions of the society, and not merely the personal situation and character of a scatter of individuals’ (Mills, 1959, p. 123).
A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Pegylated Camptothecin as a 1-Hour Infusion Every 3 Weeks in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Rowinsky Eric K. , Rizzo Jinee , Ochoa Leonel , Takimoto Chris H. , Forouzesh Bahram , Schwartz Garry , Hammond Lisa A. , Patnaik Amita , Kwiatek Joseph , Goetz Andrew , Denis Louis , McGuire Jeffrey , Tolcher Anthony W. 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of administering camptothecin (CPT), the prototypic topoisomerase I inhibitor, as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-CPT, a macromolecule consisting of CPT conjugated to chemically modified PEG. The study also sought to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of PEG-CPT, characterize its pharmacokinetic behavior, and seek preliminary evidence of anticancer activity. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of PEG-CPT as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion every 3 weeks. A modified continual reassessment method was used for dose-level assignment to determine the MTD, which was defined as the highest dose level at which the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity did not exceed 20%. Results: Thirty-seven patients were treated with 144 courses of PEG-CPT at seven dose levels ranging from 600 to 8,750 mg/m2. Severe myelosuppression was consistently experienced by heavily pretreated (HP) and minimally pretreated (MP) patients at the highest dose level evaluated, 8,750 mg/m2, whereas both HP and MP patients tolerated repetitive treatment at 7,000 mg/m2. Cystitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were also observed but were rarely severe. A partial response was noted in a patient with platinum- and etoposide-resistant small-cell lung carcinoma, and minor responses were noted in one patient each with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary type and osteosarcoma. The pharmacokinetics of free CPT were dose proportional. Free CPT accumulated slowly in plasma, with maximal plasma concentrations achieved at 23 ± 12.3 hours; the harmonic mean half-life (t1/2) of free CPT was long (t1/2, 77.46 ± 36.77 hours). Conclusion: Clinically relevant doses of CPT can be delivered by administering PEG-CPT. The recommended dose for phase II studies in both MP and HP patients is 7,000 mg/m2 as 1-hour IV every 3 weeks. The characteristics of the myelosuppressive effects of PEG-CPT, the paucity of severe nonhematologic toxicities with repetitive treatment, the preliminary antitumor activity noted, and the slow clearance of CPT enabling simulation of desirable pharmacokinetic parameters with a convenient single-dosing regimen warrant further disease-directed evaluations.
Association of JNK1 with p21waf1 and p53: Modulation of JNK1 activity
Authors: Xue Yue , Ramaswamy Nadja T. , Hong Xiaoman , Pelling Jill C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractExposure of mammalian cells to genotoxic stress results in activation of the c‐jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK)‐stress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway and induction of DNA repair enzymes and cell cycle–regulatory proteins such as p53 and p21waf1. The p53 tumor suppressor protein transmits signals that activate p21waf1 gene expression. The p21waf1 protein then restricts cell‐cycle progression, thereby allowing time for DNA repair to occur. In this study, we investigated the effects of modulation of the level of wild‐type and mutant p53 protein on basal JNK1 activity in the A1‐5 rat fibroblast cell line. This cell line contains a p53 gene coding for a temperature‐sensitive p53 protein, which allows us to regulate the relative level of wild‐type and mutant p53 protein produced in cells. Using the immune complex kinase assay to measure JNK1 activity, we demonstrated that cells expressing the wild‐type–conformation p53 protein (when grown at 32.5°C) exhibited a very low level of JNK1 activity. When cells were grown at 37°C or 39°C to express predominantly mutant p53 protein, basal level of JNK1 activity was significantly higher than at 32.5°C. We also demonstrated protein‐protein interactions between the p53, p21waf1, and JNK1 proteins in this cell line. Both wild‐type p53 protein (expressed at 32.5°C) and mutant p53val135 protein (expressed at 37°C and 39°C) were present in immunocomplexes of JNK1 protein. Under conditions where wild‐type p53 protein was present to induce p21waf1 expression (at 32.5°C), a higher level of p21waf1 protein was also detected in the JNK1 immunocomplexes than in those at 37°C and 39°C. We next investigated the effect that co‐association of p53 protein and p21waf1 protein would have on JNK1 activity. We measured basal levels of JNK1 activity in cells expressing wild‐type p53 and p21waf1, or in p21waf1‐null cells, and demonstrated that cells expressing both p53 and p21waf1 proteins exhibited an approximately threefold lower basal level of JNK1 activity when compared with p21waf1‐null cells. To confirm that p21waf1 protein expression in cells resulted in reduced JNK1 activity, we transfected p21waf1−/− cells with a p21waf1 expression vector. We observed that JNK1 activity was inhibited after exogenous p21waf1 protein was expressed in these cells. Our results provide evidence for modulation of the JNK1 pathway by p53 and p21waf1 proteins and support the hypothesis that modulation of JNK1 activity occurred through protein‐protein interactions between JNK1, p53, and p21waf1 proteins. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatic Regionalization and the Spatio-Temporal Occurrence of Extreme Single-Year Drought Events (1500–1998) in the Interior Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Knapp Paul A. , Grissino-Mayer Henri D. , Soulé Peter T. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTree-ring records from western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) growing throughout the interior Pacific Northwest identify extreme climatic pointer years (CPYs) (i.e., severe single-year droughts) from 1500–1998. Widespread and extreme CPYs were concentrated in the 16th and early part of the 17th centuries and did not occur again until the early 20th century. The 217-yr absence of extreme CPYs may have occurred during an extended period of low variance in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. We mapped climatic boundaries for the interior Pacific Northwest based on the location of sites with similar precipitation variability indices. Three regions, the Northwest (based on chronologies from nine sites), the Southwest (four sites), and the East (five sites) were identified. Our results suggest that western juniper radial growth indices have substantial interannual variability within the northwestern range of the species (central Oregon), particularly when compared with western juniper growing in its eastern range (eastern Oregon, southeastern Idaho, and northern Nevada) and southwestern range (southern Oregon and northeast California). We suspect that the substantial differences in the variability of western juniper radial growth indices are linked to the influence of ENSO events on winter/spring precipitation amounts.
Simultaneous vs. sequential biventricular pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy: an acute hemodynamic study
Authors: Perego Giovanni B. , Chianca Roberto , Facchini Mario , Frattola Alessandra , Balla Eva , Zucchi Stefania , Cavaglià Sergio , Vicini Ilaria , Negretto Marco , Osculati Giuseppe 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAims:Simultaneous biventricular pacing improves left ventricular (LV) systolic performance in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and intraventricular conduction delay. We tested the hypothesis that further improvements can be obtained using sequential biventricular pacing by optimizing both atrioventricular and interventricular delays.Methods and results:In 12 patients, LV pressure, right ventricular (RV) pressure and respective rates of change of pressure (dP/dt) were acutely measured during biventricular pacing with different atrioventricular and interventricular (VVi) intervals ranging from −60 to +40 ms. The average increase vs. baseline in maximum LV dP/dt was higher for sequential than for simultaneous biventricular pacing (VDD mode: 35±20 vs. 29±18%, P<0.01; DDD mode: 38±23 vs. 34±25%, P<0.01), with a minority of patients accounting for most of the difference. The mean optimal VVi was −25±21 ms in VDD mode and −25±26 ms in DDD mode. With these settings, RV dP/dt was not significantly different from baseline. QRS shortening was not predictive of LV dP/dt increase.Conclusion:A significant increase of LV dP/dt with no change in RV dP/dt can be obtained by sequential biventricular pacing as compared to simultaneous biventricular pacing. The highest LV dP/dt is achieved when LV is stimulated before RV. The hemodynamic advantage might be of clinical significance in selected cases.
War‐related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees
Authors: Ai Amy L. , Peterson Christopher , Ubelhor David 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSince 1999, almost 16,000 Kosovar refugees have entered the United States. Few studies have investigated trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. We conducted a caseworker‐assisted survey of 129 Kosovar refugees (aged 18 to 79 years, 55% male). Of these individuals. 78 (60.5%) showed the likely presence of PTSD. The mean number of war‐related traumatic events reported was 15 (SD = 4.5). Higher PTSD scores were associated with more traumatic events and female gender.
Interrupted aortic arch in a child with trisomy 5q31.1q35.1 due to a maternal (20;5) balanced insertion
Authors: Martin Donna M. , Mindell Margaret H. , Kwierant Christine A. , Glover Thomas W. , Gorski Jerome L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractComplex congenital heart defects (CHD) are associated with a variety of single gene abnormalities and chromosomal rearrangements. Of the various forms of CHD, aortic arch interruption, a conotruncal heart defect, is relatively uncommon. Here we report a male neonate with aortic arch interruption type B, secundum atrial septal defect, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic and subaortic stenosis, and trisomy 5q31.1q35.1 resulting from a maternal balanced insertion (20;5). Chromosomal deletions, including deletion 22q11, have been reported with interrupted aortic arch (IAA); however, to our knowledge this is the first report of a trisomy of distal chromosome 5q associated with aortic arch interruption. Here we compare this child's features to other cases of trisomy 5q31.1q35.1, and review other causes of IAA. We conclude that gene dosage in this chromosomal region likely influences aortic arch development. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What do ratings of cancer‐specific distress mean among women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer?
Authors: Coyne James C. , Kruus Linda , Racioppo Melissa , Calzone Kathleen A. , Armstrong Katrina 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWomen recruited from a hereditary cancer registry provided ratings of distress associated with different aspects of high‐risk status and genetic testing and completed measures of general psychological distress, emotional and social health, and role functioning. Overall, high‐risk status was rated as more distressing than undergoing genetic testing. Women without a personal history of cancer rated the level of distress associated with a positive test result to be greater than that associated with high‐risk status. In contrast, level of distress associated with a positive test result was not significantly different from that associated with high‐risk status for women with a personal history of cancer. Furthermore, women with a personal cancer history also anticipated that if they had an altered gene associated with increased risk of cancer, it would be less distressing than their diagnosis of cancer had been. Women with the highest ratings of cancer‐related stress were less inclined to obtain testing, but were not more generally distressed or maladjusted. The need to interpret psychological distress and the stressfulness of genetic testing among high‐risk women with respect to relevant comparison data is discussed. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.