bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Benefits of Hearing Aids for Adults: A Systematic Umbrella Review
Authors: Tang Diana , Tran Yvonne , Bennett Rebecca J. , Lo Charles , Lee Jien Nien , Turner Jessica , Gopinath Bamini 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
This umbrella review aims to summarize the major benefits of hearing aid usage in adults by synthesizing findings from published review articles.

Design:
A comprehensive search of databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, was conducted. The search was limited to English-language review articles published between 1990 and 2023, focusing on hearing aid outcomes in at least 5 adults (aged ≥18 years). Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, and conducted a quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. A third researcher was involved in discussions with the 2 researchers to resolve conflicts during the screening and quality assessment stages.

Results:
Eleven articles were included in this review. There were three systematic reviews with meta-analysis and eight systematic reviews without meta-analysis. The quality assessment indicated that articles scored between 6 and 11 out of a total of 11 criteria. Three articles met all quality criteria. Study participants tended to be middle-aged (≥40 years) or older adults (≥65 years). Participant gender was less clear as this was not consistently reported but appeared to favor men. This umbrella review found that speech perception, communication function, hearing handicap, and self-assessed hearing aid benefit were consistently positively associated with hearing aid use in the analysis of included studies. Hearing handicap was the most frequently reported outcome with evidence from four different studies supporting its mitigation with hearing aid use. There was insufficient evidence in terms of benefit on balance, cognitive function, depression, tinnitus, loneliness, and social isolation. There was conflicting evidence on the impact of hearing aid use on quality of life. Among eligible studies, there were no reports of negative impacts of hearing aid use.

Conclusions:
There are a number of potential benefits associated with hearing aid use. However, this review found that there was a clear lack of high-quality evidence and limited use of robust study design to support the benefits of hearing aids on other outcomes such as quality of life and cognition. Inconsistent use and interpretation of various outcome measures makes it difficult to produce homogenous data which is needed to make more conclusive statements about the benefits of hearing aids.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Versus Standard Bacterial Culture in Critically Ill Children With Suspected Pneumonia
Authors: Osborne Christina M. , Ambroggio Lilliam , Langelier Charles , Silviera Lori , Wagner Brandie D. , Yehya Nadir , Levy Robert , Carpenter Todd C. , Simões Eric A. F. , Maddux Aline B. , Leroue Matthew K. , Tsitsiklas Alexandra , Mick Eran , Williamson Kayla , Mourani Peter M. , Dominguez Samuel R. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Bacterial lower respiratory tract infection, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children who require mechanical ventilation (MV). Microbiologic diagnosis has relied on bacterial culture, but reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with bacterial targets is now available for clinical use. We compared the diagnostic performance of tracheal aspirate (TA) multiplex RT-PCR to culture in children requiring MV with suspected lower respiratory tract infection.

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of children (30 days to 18 years) at a single center requiring MV via an endotracheal tube for >72 hours in whom daily research TAs were collected. TAs were collected within 24 hours of clinically obtained cultures and analyzed by RT-PCR using the Biofire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel and compared with clinical culture results.

Results:
We compared the results of culture to RT-PCR for 56 samples at intubation and 74 samples from patients with suspected VAP. RT-PCR demonstrated increased detection of on-panel bacteria compared with culture (intubation 73.2% vs. 55.3% P = 0.048, suspected VAP 68.9% vs. 58.1%, P = 0.17) and had an overall sensitivity of 93.9%, specificity of 43.2% and negative predictive value of 92.1% for detection of pathogenic organisms. Overall, 33.8% of samples were positive by both methods, and 29.2% were negative by both methods. Two samples were positive by both methods but detected different on-panel organisms between culture and RT-PCR.

Conclusions:
RT-PCR demonstrates high sensitivity and negative predictive value for the detection of on-panel pathogens in respiratory samples from critically ill children requiring MV. RT-PCR use may alter antibiotic prescriptions in this population.
Three cases of hemoglobin M disease in a family lineage: Case report and literature review
Authors: Shen Yuhong , Wang Yue , Xue Lu , Li Chunhuai , He Lili , Wu Shuangshuang 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
This study presents a case of hemoglobin M disease (HMD), a rare inherited disorder characterized by persistent cyanosis and hypoxemia, observed across 3 generations within a single family. The diagnosis of HMD poses significant challenges, particularly in asymptomatic individuals, due to its rarity and the subtlety of its symptoms. Notably, there is a scarcity of reports on methemoglobinemia in pediatric populations, which further complicates early detection and intervention. The primary objectives of this study are to enhance awareness of HMD, to advocate for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment, and to underscore the necessity of considering this condition in patients with a familial history of cyanosis.

Patient concerns:
A 6-year-old boy presented to our hospital with fatigue and cyanosis in his lips and mouth. Both the child’s mother and grandfather had a history of similar symptoms since their childhood.

Diagnoses:
Diagnosis of hemoglobin M disease.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with vitamin C.

Outcomes:
Genetic testing revealed that the patient and her mother carried the c.190C > T mutation, leading to the p.H63Y amino acid change linked to the methemoglobin (MetHb) mutation. Despite undergoing vitamin C therapy, the patient’s symptoms of cyanosis and fatigue persisted.

Lessons:
Hemoglobin M disease can be readily diagnosed with a delay. Methemoglobinemia should be considered in patients with a family history of cyanosis but no cardiopulmonary disease. Hospital blood gas analysis should include a protocol for detecting methemoglobin, and genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis.
Development and Validation of the Scale of Hypoglycemia Self-Care Behavior in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Huang Mei-Chuan , Yang Ya-Ping , Hsiao Hua-Tsen , Lee Mei-Yueh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Inappropriate dietary, exercise, and medication self-care behaviors among persons with diabetes can easily trigger hypoglycemia. Clinically, it is necessary to quickly identify high-risk groups for hypoglycemic events to provide targeted hypoglycemia education. However, there is currently a lack of precise tools to assess self-care behaviors related to hypoglycemia.

Objectives
To develop and validate a hypoglycemia self-care behavior scale for evaluating the behaviors of persons with diabetes in handling and preventing hypoglycemic events.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted to recruit 300 persons with type 2 diabetes who had experienced hypoglycemic events from a medical center and a primary care clinic in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from December 2021 to September 2023.

Results
The original hypoglycemia self-care behavior scale, comprising 26 items, was reduced to 17 items, measuring six factors after exploratory factor analysis. Subsequently, the scale was further refined to 10 items covering four factors through structural equation modeling. The validity and reliability were assessed during this process, and the developed scale was subsequently verified for both. Factor loadings ranged from .50–.97, explaining 76% of the total variance. The four factors included “hypoglycemia recognition and carbohydrate supplementation,” “prevention of hypoglycemia during exercise,” “carbohydrate assessment,” and “seeking medical assistance.” The hypoglycemia self-care behavior scale—developed and validated through structural equation modeling—demonstrates satisfactory model fit, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was within the range of .73–.94, indicating strong reliability.

Discussion
The hypoglycemia self-care behavior scale not only functions as a tool for the rapid assessment of self-care behaviors during hypoglycemic events by clinical health care professionals but can also serve as reference for hypoglycemia-related health education.
Pressure injury prevention
Authors: Giuffrida Patricia , Thomas Anna L. , David Heather H. , Davila Shannon , Morgan Loretta D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
ECRI and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Patient Safety Organization (PSO) convened an interdisciplinary pressure-injury-prevention safety collaborative to strengthen pressure injury assessment, prevention, and treatment planning. Several teams met over 5 months in 2023 to share knowledge and performance improvement tools. This article discusses the safety collaborative, which provided a learning-system platform for participating teams to develop and share improvement plans under the protection of the PSO and to strengthen their pressure-injury-related action plans.
Cutting out hair discrimination in nursing
Authors: Johns Nakita , Anderson Kahlia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
There is a gap in knowledge about proper hair care for patients of African, Afro-Caribbean, or any African mixed ancestry with natural or textured hair in healthcare settings. Such knowledge gap could contribute to hair discrimination. This article explores the biological and cultural aspects of hair as well as specific hair care strategies, products, and tools, to educate nurses on providing appropriate care for this population.
Surgical Scheduling Errors During Manual Data Transfer
Authors: Davis Timothy , Ong Tony , Nguyen Terry , Dang Adrienne , Chaganti Anil , Jones Stephanie , Lim Jungjae , Bajaj Akash , Naidu Ramana , Paicius Richard , Khurana Sanjay 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:
Retrospective studies examining errors within a surgical scheduling setting do not fully represent the effects of human error involved in transcribing critical patient health information (PHI). These errors can negatively impact patient care and reduce workplace efficiency due to insurance claim denials and potential sentinel events. Previous reports underscore the burden physicians face with prior authorizations which may lead to serious adverse events or the abandonment of treatment due to these delays. This study simulates the process of PHI transfer during surgical scheduling to examine the error rate of experienced schedulers when manually transferring PHI from surgical forms into electronic health records (EHR).

Methods:
Participants (n = 50) manually input PHI from four surgical scheduling forms into a simulated EHR form. Eight critical data points were identified and defined as data that delay claim approvals and payments. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a control (18 minutes) or experimental (10 minutes) group. Transcription errors were flagged to measure the percentage of incorrectly inputted data fields. Two-tailed t-tests were used to determine statistical significance (P < .05).

Results:
100% of subjects in both cohorts had at least one or more errors in every form. The 10-minute cohort had a higher average “critical errors” rate than the 18-minute cohort (P = .03). Of the 200 forms completed, 171 forms contained 1 or more “critical errors,” resulting in a potential 85.5% delay or denial in authorization or payments. The highest incidence of critical errors across all fields occurred with ICD-10 codes, CPT codes, authorization number, procedure, and insurance ID number. As critical errors fields of authorization number and insurance ID often lead to automatic denials, not only are they more susceptible to transcription error due to alphanumeric values but more indicative of delays in treatment.

Conclusions:
These findings reveal a clear “pain point” in the routine scheduling process that leads to authorization and payment denials. With various touch points of manual data transfer in surgical scheduling, data degradation due to human error may compound at each step. Health care institutions should consider adopting digital solutions and investing in training programs to optimize clinical practice efficiency and reduce the possibility of inaccurate manual PHI transfer. Future case studies on denied payments will help further elucidate the economic impact on practices, as well as inform strategic decisions by those who directly handle health care management.
Detectability of Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET for Nodal Metastases in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Liu Jiayue , Lin Shiyu , Gui Xinyu , Ding Jin , Liu Teli , Zhou Nina , Li Suping , Zhu Hua , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH and 18F-FDG for detecting nodal metastases in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer on PET/CT.

Patients and Methods
In this retrospective study, 62 participants with HER2-positive breast cancer underwent both Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Participants were pathologically confirmed as HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or IHC 2+ with gene amplification on FISH). Three independent readers visually assessed uptake of tracers on imaging. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of nodal metastases was assessed using c-statistics. The lesion uptakes were quantified by SUVmax and target-to-background ratio (TBR) and compared using the general linear mixed model.

Results
The findings showed nodal metastases in 33 (53%) participants, including 45% only with regional nodal metastasis and 55% with nonregional nodal metastasis. On per-patient level, the sensitivity and specificity of Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH and 18F-FDG based on the majority reads were 0.97, 0.97, and 0.85, 0.77, respectively. Five participants were visualized only on Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH. Seven participants with high uptake only on 18F-FDG PET/CT were confirmed to be inflammatory uptake by pathological results and later imaging follow-up. On per-lesion level, Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET/CT detected more axillary (98.8% vs 70.2%), extra-axillary (100% vs 61.7%), and nonregional (99.1% vs 67.0%) lymph nodal metastases than 18F-FDG PET/CT. Additionally, Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET/CT detected more nodal metastases small than 10 mm than 18F-FDG PET/CT (198 vs 125, 99.5% vs 62.8%). The median SUVmax and TBR of regional or nonregional nodal metastases at Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH were all higher than those on 18F-FDG (range of median SUVmax, 8.0–11.4 vs 2.3–5.6; P range, <0.001–0.007; range of median TBR, 7.3–16.3 vs 2.9–5.3; P range, <0.001). No adverse reactions related to imaging agents were observed in all participants.

Conclusions
Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET/CT detected more regional and nonregional lymph nodal metastases in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer than on 18F-FDG PET/CT, especially for lesions small than 10 mm.
Case Report
Authors: Proto Sara , Carrara Lorenzo , Zanoni Lucia , Attard Luciano , Nanni Cristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the case of a 60-year-old man admitted to the hospital presenting with high FUO (fever of unknown origin), strong headache, face erythematous-desquamative cutaneous lesions, long history of abdominal pain, and diffuse myalgia. He was also previously treated with immunosuppressants and currently managed with corticosteroids for a seronegative rheumatic disease. Given the immunocompromised state, an infective etiology was suspected. The patient was referred, as part of standard clinical practice, to perform an 18F-FDG PET/CT to identify potential causes of FUO.
Rare Neoplastic Meningitis in Cerebellar Medulloblastoma Detected by PET/CT
Authors: Acar Tayyar Merve Nur , Tamam Müge Öner , Atakır Kadir , Köprülü İbrahim , Vergili Ayşe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neoplastic meningitis, also known as leptomeningeal metastases, is a rare clinical entity seen in less than 1%–2% of primary nervous system tumors. Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases is difficult and is achieved by cytologic evidence of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid, or demonstration of radiologic abnormality. 18F-FDG PET/CT can detect leptomeningeal metastases before anatomical changes. In this case, a 42-year-old man with cerebellar medulloblastoma underwent surgery and radiotherapy and had FDG uptake in 3 separate locations after 3 months. The findings indicated leptomeningeal metastases, confirmed by MRI. This highlights the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting leptomeningeal disease postmedulloblastoma treatment.
Small Bowel Leiomyoma Mimics Neuroendocrine Tumor on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Ponna Nikhil Prasanna , Luong Tu Vinh , Navalkissoor Shaunak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A 57-year-old man with a 3-month history of lower abdominal pain and rectal bleeding with black stools underwent urgent abdominal CT, which revealed an ovoid hyperdense lesion in the ileum in the right iliac fossa. The prime differential was a midgut neuroendocrine tumor. Thus, the patient was referred for a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan, which demonstrated intense activity in this lesion with no evidence of somatostatin receptor expression elsewhere. Surgical small bowel resection later revealed a small bowel leiomyoma, which was confirmed on immunohistochemistry analysis. This case demonstrates that leiomyomas can express somatostatin receptors and can be a false-positive on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan.
Oral Esketamine as Alternative for Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Coerts Daniël T. , Veraart Jolien K.E. , Kamphuis Jeanine , Smith-Apeldoorn Sanne Y. , Schoevers Robert A. , van Belkum Sjoerd M. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
This study investigates repeated oral esketamine as a substitution strategy for maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) in eight patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods
In a 6-week dosing phase, esketamine was titrated from 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg to a maximum of 3.0 mg/kg twice weekly. Outcomes included 6-week change in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology — Self-rated (IDS-SR), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale — 17 items (HDRS17), and Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45), along with esketamine treatmentcontinuation.

Results
Depression severity remained stable or improved in five patients, whereas three experienced worsening symptoms and resumed M-ECT. OQ-45 scores were available for five patients, all of whom showed improvement. Currently, four patients are still receiving oral esketamine.

Conclusions
Repeated oral esketamine may be a suitable and patient-friendly alternative to M-ECT. We recommend controlled trials to compare long-term safety and efficacy.
Population Genomics of Giant Mice from the Faroe Islands: Hybridization, Colonization, and a Novel Challenge to Identifying Genomic Targets of Selection
Authors: Payseur Bret A. , Jing Peicheng , Howell Emma K. , Frayer Megan E. , Jones Eleanor P. , Magnussen Eyðfinn , Jensen Jens-Kjeld , Chan Yingguang Frank , Searle Jeremy B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPopulations that colonize islands provide unique insights into demography, adaptation, and the spread of invasive species. House mice on the Faroe Islands evolved exceptionally large bodies after colonization, generating interest from biologists since Darwin. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of these mice, we sequenced genomes of population samples from three Faroe Islands (Sandoy, Nólsoy, and Mykines) and Norway as a mainland comparison. Mice from the Faroe Islands are hybrids between the subspeciesMus musculus domesticusandM. m. musculus, with ancestry alternating along the genome. Analyses based on the site frequency spectrum of single nucleotide polymorphisms and the ancestral recombination graph (ARG) indicate that mice arrived on the Faroe Islands on a timescale consistent with transport by Norwegian Vikings, with colonization of Sandoy likely preceding colonization of Nólsoy. Substantial reductions in nucleotide diversity and effective population size associated with colonization suggest that mice on the Faroe Islands evolved large body size during periods of heightened genetic drift. Genomic scans for positive selection uncover windows with unusual site frequency spectra, but this pattern is mostly generated by clusters of singletons in individual mice. Variants showing evidence of selection in both Nólsoy and Sandoy based on the ARG are enriched for genes with neurological functions. Our findings reveal a dynamic evolutionary history for the enigmatic mice from Faroe Island and emphasize the challenges that accompany population genomic inferences in island populations.Significance StatementPopulations that colonize islands are expected to have unusual histories compared to their mainland counterparts. Using population genomic data, we conclude that giant mice living on the Faroe Islands originated from hybrids, invaded the islands on a timescale consistent with transport by Vikings, and persisted despite drastic reductions in population size. We also uncover a novel challenge to scanning genomes for genes involved in adaptation.
Regulation of fatty acid oxidation involved in high altitude hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis via the SIRT1-PPARα-GPX4 signaling pathway
Authors: Song Xiaona , Chen Jie , Xu Hongbao , Zhang Ling , Wang Zirou , Pu Lingling , Chen Zhaoli , Wang Xinxing , Liu Weili 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe heart experiences damage and undergoes changes in energy metabolism under condition of hypoxia. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and excessive lipid oxidation. However, the relationship between cardiac energy metabolism and ferroptosis at high altitudes remains unexplored. This study investigates the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on cardiac function and explores underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrate that exposure to high-altitude hypoxia induces structural and functional damage to the heart, leading to myocardial cell injury and oxidative stress, which are accompanied by ferroptosis. Inhibition of ferroptosis with Fer-1 significantly enhances hypoxia-induced expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11, reduces ROS levels, restores the GSH/GSSG ratio, and improves viability of hypoxia-damaged myocardial cells. Further investigation revealed that hypoxia induces mitochondrial damage and disrupts fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), accompanied by downregulation of PPARα. Activation of PPARα with WY14643 enhances FAO, suppresses ferroptosis, and boosts cell viability and ATP levels under hypoxic conditions. Overexpression of SIRT1 upregulates PPARα, enhances FAO, and mitigates ferroptosis, these effects are reversed by the PPARα inhibitor GW6471. Resveratrol, a natural SIRT1 activator, improves cardiac function and mitochondrial structure, enhances FAO, and reduces ferroptosis in high-altitude hypoxia-induced cardiac injury through the SIRT1-PPARα-GPX4 pathway. These findings identify the SIRT1-PPARα-GPX4 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for high-altitude-induced cardiac injury.