bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How effective is CBCT-guided endodontic access over ‘brain-guided’ accesses, and is this a likely addition to the general dental practitioner’s armamentarium?
Authors: Pai Sandeep , Edwards David , Taylor Greig 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Design
Non-randomised prospective single-arm controlled clinical trial. The main inclusion criteria for both guided and freehand access groups was pulp canal obliteration (PCO). All teeth underwent cone-beam CT (CBCT) scan prior to access. Null hypothesis was that there is no difference in technical failure between guided and unguided access. The primary outcome was canal location success as a discrete measure (found, not found, perforated). The secondary outcome was conservativeness of drill pathway using discrete measures (optimal precision, acceptable precision, technical failure (included canal not found and perforation)). Patients underwent one subsequent annual follow-up.

Case selection
Patients attended for consultation at one centre (University Hospital Leuven, Belgium). PCO extent was assigned using periapical radiograph followed by CBCT. Cases graded as ‘high difficulty’ (via qualitative assessment) by briefed endodontists within the centre were selected for the study. Control group was taken from historical records as assigning an active patient to the freehand over the guided group was considered unethical.

Data analysis
Sample size calculation to achieve conventional 80% power and statistical significance of 0.05% was undertaken, mandating 60 teeth per group. An analysis including all data, without matching, was performed by a generalized linear model for binary data using a logit link function with the primary outcome (canal found or not found/perforation) as response variable and the technique (guided or freehanded) as explanatory variable. p  ≤  0.05 was considered statistically significant. Blinding of operators was not possible. Teeth were matched (paired) per group to achieve group homogeneity.

Results
Guided access yielded a 98.3% (n = 59/60) success rate with only one case unsuccessful (canal not found). In comparison, freehand access yielded 81% (n = 59/73) success rate, with 9.5% (n = 7/73) of teeth with canals unfound, and 9.5% (n = 7/73) of teeth perforated. Null hypothesis rejected given statistical significance of results (p = 0.011).

Conclusions
Cases presenting with PCO that undergo guided access show optimal outcomes both from an endodontic and from a conservational perspective, with significant increased chances of canal location in a conservative manner. Freehand correction in guided access cases can be used to inform changes to initial guided access if the canal is not found.
Molecular saturation determines distinct plasmonic enhancement scenarios for two-photon absorption signal
Authors: Izadshenas Jahromi Saeid , Słowik Karolina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two-photon absorption in molecules, of significance for high-resolution imaging applications, is typically characterised with low cross sections. To enhance the TPA signal, one effective approach exploits plasmonic enhancement. For this method to be efficient, it must meet several criteria, including broadband operational capability and a high fluorescence rate to ensure effective signal detection. In this context, we introduce a plus-shaped silver nanostructure designed to exploit the coupling of bright and dark plasmonic modes. This configuration considerably improves both the absorption and fluorescence of molecules across near-infrared and visible spectra. By fine-tuning the geometrical parameters of the nanostructure, we align the plasmonic resonances with the optical properties of specific TPA-active dyes, i.e., ATTO 700, Rhodamine 6G, and ATTO 610. The expected TPA signal enhancement is evaluated using classical estimations based on the assumption of independent enhancement of absorption and fluorescence. These results are then compared with outcomes obtained in a quantum-mechanical approach to evaluate the stationary photon emission rate. Our findings reveal the important role of molecular saturation determining the regimes where either absorption or fluorescence enhancement leads to an improved TPA signal intensity, considerably below the classical predictions. The proposed nanostructure design not only addresses these findings, but also might serve for their experimental verification, allowing for active polarization tuning of the plasmonic response targeting the absorption, fluorescence, or both. The insight into quantum-mechanical mechanisms of plasmonic signal enhancement provided in our work is a step forward in the more effective control of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
A survey of obstetric ultrasound uses and priorities for artificial intelligence-assisted obstetric ultrasound in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Liddy Zylee , Alkan Eren , Matcheck Kayla , May Susanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Obstetric ultrasound (OBUS) is recommended as part of antenatal care for pregnant individuals worldwide. To better understand current uses of OBUS in low- and middle-income countries and perceptions regarding potential use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted OBUS, we conducted an anonymous online global survey. A total of 176 respondents representing 34 countries participated, including 41% physicians, 49% nurses or midwives, and 6% ultrasound technicians. Most had received OBUS training (72%), reported expertise (60%) and confidence (77%) in OBUS use, and had access to ultrasound (85%). Assessment of gestational age, fetal viability, fetal presentation, and multiple gestation were both the most common OBUS uses and among the most highly prioritized for AI-assisted OBUS development. Most respondents noted ultrasound access was important (84%) and agreed that OBUS improves quality of care (98%) and patient outcomes (97%). Of the 34% expressing reservations associated with using AI-assisted OBUS, healthcare providers not understanding the technology (71%), misdiagnosis (62%), and cost (59%) were the most common. Better understanding the OBUS user, the pregnant individual, and the context, and taking care to ensure responsible, sustainable, and inclusive development and use of AI-assisted OBUS will be critical to successful integration and implementation and to increasing access to OBUS.
Modelling of a new form of nitrogen doped activated carbon for adsorption of various dyes and hexavalent chromium ions
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Aigbe Uyiosa Osagie , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon , Obodo Kingsley , Awe Adetunji Ajibola , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study reports a new form of nitrogen-doped activated carbon (AC5-600) produced from a blend of sawdust (SD) and fish waste (FW) treated with urea and ZnCl2 for the adsorption of toxic metals and dyes. The adsorbent was also explored in the treatment of acid brown 14 (AB14) and acid orange 7 (AO7) dye molecules and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) ions. The pH controls the sorption of individual contaminants, with an observed superlative % of individual contaminants removed at pH 1.5. Removal at pH was credited to the electrostatic interaction (EI) between the anion dyes and Cr6+ species at this pH and the protonated sites accessible on the AC5-600 adsorbent surface. Based on the error values obtained from the non-linear modelling (NLM) of the kinetic and isotherm models, the Elovich (ELM-AB14 and Cr6+), pseudo-first- (PFOM-AB14) and second-order models (PSOM-AB14, AO7 and Cr6+) and the Freundlich (FRHM) model were found to ideally define the sorption of the various contaminants. The determined maximum sorption capacity (Q
m) based on the NLM was 1114, 1929 and 318 mg.g-1 for AB14 dye, AO7 dye and Cr6+ ions, respectively. Based on the computational adsorption calculations, the sorption energies for the AO7 and AB14 dyes were -4.492 and -8.090 eV and 2.563, 1.789, 1.226 and 1.928 eV for Cr2, CrO3, CrO4, and CrO4H species. AB14 and AO7 dyes and Cr6+ ions adsorption to synthesised AC5-600 was predicted employing the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The ANN model was more effective in predicting AB14 and AO7 dyes and Cr6+ ions adsorption than the RSM, and it was highly applicable in the sorption process.
First true blood pressure measurement with micropulse detection of arterial opening achieved
Authors: Murray Alan , Zheng Dingchang , Griffiths Clive J. , Liu Chengyu , Graham David J. , Neasham Jeff , Cossor Adrian J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a well-accepted need for a new more accurate solution to automatic blood pressure measurement, in spite of clinical convenience continuing to encourage the adoption of oscillometric devices with their known poor accuracy throughout healthcare. Our solution avoids estimates, mathematical modelling, oscillometric algorithms, and inadequate calibration against numerous private clinical data sets. Here we show that our new technique detects, from an arm cuff, micropulses associated with arterial opening between systolic and diastolic pressures; hence detecting systole at the first micropulse and diastole at the last, during cuff deflation. Our technique has equivalent accuracy to the gold standard auscultatory method, and is significantly better than the requirements of the current international standard for blood pressure devices. Our results provide scientific evidence for the effectiveness of our technique, and demonstrate significant clinically important improvements. We anticipate that our technique can be automated easily and economically. We acknowledge that this early study is an initial manual evaluation, but expect this new technique to be an automated universal solution for true blood pressure measurement, and a vital step change in an important clinical measurement in healthcare of the worldwide population.
Detector development for spin-echo SANS techniques using ZnS:Ag/6LiF and 6Li glass scintillators
Authors: Mauri Giacomo , Sykora G. Jeff , Smith Gregory N. , Parnell Steven R. , Dalgliesh Robert M. , Honecker Dirk , Mann Sarah E. , Schooneveld Erik M. , Rhodes Nigel J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neutron spin-echo techniques exploit Larmor precession of the neutron spin to encode either the scattering angle or energy. These are powerful means to extend the measurable momentum transfer (Q) and energy (E) range in neutron scattering measurements. Standard small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments are sensitive in a range of

$$\approx$$

≈

10–200 nm, whereas these techniques allow the study of structures in materials on length scales of tens of nm up to tens of

$$\upmu$$

μ

m. The Larmor instrument at ISIS is equipped to operate in spin-echo modulated SANS (SEMSANS) and spin-echo SANS (SESANS) mode. Two separate detectors were developed to cope with the performance demands set by these techniques. The first is a position sensitive ZnS:Ag/6LiF scintillator-based detector coupled with wavelength shifting fibres that can be used for both SEMSANS and SESANS. A detector prototype using GS20 glass scintillator directly coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier was developed as an alternative for SESANS measurements at higher incident neutron fluxes. The designs and results obtained with the two detectors are presented together with future improvements to both technologies. These, in addition to promising development routes, demonstrate the potential for utilising a WLSF ZnS:Ag/6LiF scintillator detector and a pixelated GS20 detector for SEMSANS and SESANS applications.
Studies on the preparation of a sufficient carrier from egg protein and carrageenan for cellulase with optimization and application
Authors: Wahba Marwa I. , Saleh Shireen A. A. , Wahab Walaa A. Abdel , Mostafa Faten A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Egg protein (EP) concentration, pH, and glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration were optimized using Box Behnken design (BBD) to prepare GA-EP-Carr (Carrageenan) beads as a carrier for Aspergillus niger MK981235 cellulase. It was recommended that the concentrations of GA, and EP be set at 11.21% (w/v), 8% (w/w), and pH 3, respectively. It was determined that 60 °C and 2% for free form and 60 °C and 3% for im-cellulase were the optimum temperature and CMC concentration parameters for maximum enzyme activity. Free and im-cellulase were determined to have Km and Vmax of 2.22 mg.ml-1 and 1.76 µmol.ml-1.min-1, and 4.55 mg.ml-1 and 3.33 µmol.ml-1.min-1, respectively. Covalent coupling of A. niger cellulase to GA- EP- Carr beads improved its thermodynamic parameters T1/2 and D-values by 2.48, 2.01, and 2.36 times at 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. GA- EP- Carr im-cellulase was 100% active for 60 days at 4 °C and can be used for CMC hydrolysis for 20 successive cycles. GA- EP- Carr im-cellulase showed remarkable efficiency in the clarification of mango, peach, grape, and orange juices emphasized by TSS (total soluble solids), turbidity, and reducing sugar measurements for 3 successive cycles. GA- EP- Carr im-cellulase can be applied with high efficiency in juice industry.
Exonuclease action of replicative polymerase gamma drives damage-induced mitochondrial DNA clearance
Authors: Seshadri Akshaya , Badrinarayanan Anjana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is essential for mitochondrial function. This is carried out by a dedicated DNA polymerase gamma, with 5’–3’ polymerase and 3’–5’ proofreading/ exonuclease activity. Perturbations to either property can have pathological consequences. Predominant sources for replication stress are DNA lesions, such as those induced by oxidative damage. How mtDNA lesions affect the polymerase activity and mtDNA stability in vivo is not fully understood. To address this, we induce mtDNA-specific damage in S. cerevisiae. We observe that mtDNA damage results in significant mtDNA loss. This loss occurs independent of cell cycle progression or cell division, suggesting an active mechanism for damaged mtDNA clearance. We implicate the 3’–5’ exonuclease activity of the mtDNA polymerase in this clearance, with rates of loss being affected by cellular dNTP levels. Overall, our findings reveal context-dependent, selective regulation of two critical but opposing functions of polymerase gamma to ensure mitochondrial genome integrity.
From pixels to prognosis: Attention‐CNN model for COVID‐19 diagnosis using chest CT images
Authors: Suseela Suba , Parekh Nita 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeep learning assisted diagnosis for assessing the severity of various respiratory infections using chest computed tomography (CT) scan images has gained much attention after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Major tasks while building such models require an understanding of the characteristic features associated with the disease, patient‐to‐patient variations and changes associated with disease severity. In this work, an attention‐based convolutional neural network (CNN) model with customized bottleneck residual module (Attn‐CNN) is proposed for classifying CT images into three classes: COVID‐19, normal, and other pneumonia. The efficacy of the model is evaluated by carrying out various experiments, such as effect of class imbalance, impact of attention module, generalizability of the model and providing visualization of model's prediction for the interpretability of results. Comparative performance evaluation with five state‐of‐the‐art deep architectures such as MobileNet, EfficientNet‐B7, Inceptionv3, ResNet‐50 and VGG‐16, and with published models such as COVIDNet‐CT, COVNet, COVID‐Net CT2, etc. is discussed.
Les conceptions des patients atteints de DMLA en vue de la mise en place d’un programme d’éducation thérapeutique.
Authors: Authier David , De Sousa Catherine , Perez Carine , Labrunie Anaïs , Beloni Pascale , Delaide Valérie , Delavaud Jean-Michel , Demiot Claire , Toniolo Jean , Robert Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2025

Introduction : La mise en place d’un programme d’ETP est tout à fait indiquée pour compléter la prise en charge médicale des personnes atteintes de dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge. C’est dans cet objectif que nous avons mené une recherche descriptive qualitative pour identifier les conceptions des patients sur leur maladie, leur prise en charge et leurs besoins quant à de futurs ateliers d’ETP. Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé une méthodologie qualitative en contexte hospitalier sur des patients atteints de DMLA. Les résultats ont été confrontés à un échantillon de patients dans le cadre de deux focus groupes afin d’asseoir la fiabilité des résultats et les confronter à la réalité du vécu des patients. Résultats – Discussion : Les patients nous indiquent que la DMLA à un impact significatif sur leur vie quotidienne. De plus, cette maladie génère une angoisse qui doit être prise en compte par les équipes soignantes au même titre que les conseils nécessaires à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients. Conclusion : Les résultats sont susceptibles d’éclairer les soignants quant à leurs pratiques quotidiennes de prise en charge de cette maladie mais également d’être force de proposition pour concevoir des programmes d’ETP contextualisés et adaptés.
Bedeutung und Mechanismen des Vogelgesangs: Inspiration für die Pneumologie
Authors: Schönhofer Bernd , Gahr Manfred 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungIm Gegensatz zum Menschen ist der Ort der Lautbildung bei Vögeln nicht der Kehlkopf, sondern der sog. „Stimmkopf“ (wissenschaftliche Name „Syrinx“). Bei einigen Arten ist der Syrinx an der Bifurkation der Trachea in die beiden Hauptbronchien (trachealer Stimmkopf), bei anderen Arten in den Hauptbronchien (bronchialer Stimmkopf) lokalisiert. Bei der Inspiration strömt ein Teil der Luft in die Lunge, der zum Singen benötigte Teil in die der Lunge benachbarten Luftsäcke. Während der Exspiration verlässt die Luft die Luftsäcke, strömt durch die Syrinx, wo dann der Gesang entsteht. Wenn Vögel gleichzeitig zweistimmig singen, werden einzelne Sequenzen simultan im rechten und linken Anteil der Syrinx gebildet.Die Gesangsanalyse erfolgt mittels Spektrogrammen (sog. Sonagrammen), die den zeitlichen Verlauf des Frequenzspektrums des Vogelgesangs grafisch darstellen.Der Gesang besteht aus einer oder mehreren Strophen, die ihrerseits aus der variablen bzw. konstanten Abfolge von Motiven oder Silben aufgebaut sind. Einige Singvögel verfügen über ein enormes Silben- und Strophenrepertoire (max. bis zu 7000 Strophen/Tag). Bei den meisten Vogelarten existieren neben dem Gesang auch deutlich einfachere Bettel-, Kontakt-, Droh-, Flug-, Alarm- und Kopulationsrufe.Der Gesang der männlichen Vögel hat vorwiegend zwei Funktionen: 1. Mithilfe des Gesangs wird um eine mögliche Partnerin geworben. Den Weibchen liefert der Gesang wichtige Informationen über Leistungsfähigkeit und Gesundheitszustand des Bewerbers. 2. Der Gesang dient der Revierverteidigung.Bei ca. 40 % der Singvogelarten singen auch die Weibchen. Pärchen mancher Singvogelart singen perfekt synchronisiert.Eine ganze Reihe von Singvögeln imitiert sowohl die Stimmen anderer Singvögel als auch Umgebungsgeräusche und viele Singvögel besitzen regionale Dialekte.Die Gesangsentwicklung hängt neben genetischen von weiteren Faktoren, wie z. B. Umwelt, Stoffwechsel und hormonellem Einfluss, ab. Sie verläuft schrittweise und beinhaltet initial relativ primitive Sequenzen (sog. „subsongs“), führt dann über komplexere Zwischenformen („plastic songs“) zum vollendeten Gesangsmuster („full songs“).Jungvögel lernen den Gesang ihrer Art bereits zu einem Zeitpunkt, an dem sie selbst noch gar nicht singen, oft bereits im Alter von 10–50 Tagen durch Prägung von älteren Artgenossen, gewöhnlich den Vätern.In einem Netzwerk aus sensomotorischen Neuronen im Vorderhorn entwickelt sich der Gesang der Jungvögel auf der Basis der Schablone des Erwachsenengesangs.Für das Sprachlernen des Menschen bieten Singvögel, insbesondere der Zebrafink, das derzeit beste Modell bzgl. neuronaler Mechanismen des Sprachlernens. Bei Vögeln orchestriert das sog. „High Vocal Center“ (HVC) alle für den Gesang relevanten Hirnregionen, wobei die neuronale Kontrolle des Gesangs sensitiv für Geschlechtshormone ist.
Pharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic
Review of Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Tomiyama Sota , Yoshida Kazunari , Tani Hideaki , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrently available systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not encompass all the evidence, as they
exclude guidelines issued by national or local authorities that are not
indexed in search engines such as PubMed.A systematic literature search was conducted to identify clinical guidelines
on this topic using EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO. A manual search was also
performed to identify guidelines by national or local authorities not
included in the aforementioned databases.Thirty-eight guidelines were identified through manual search, including 27
items through search engines, 2 general guidelines, and 9 government agency
guidelines. Many guidelines recommended risperidone (N=16) for the
characteristic behaviors of ASD core features. For
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features, methylphenidate
was most frequently recommended (N=23) for both inattention (N=6) and
hyperactivity/impulsivity (N=16). Risperidone was also frequently
recommended for maladaptive behaviors (N=33).A comprehensive literature search identified treatment guidelines for ASD
issued by local or national administrative bodies that were not captured
through search engines alone. There was some consensus among the guidelines
on the use of psychotropics in alleviating specific features of ASD.
However, physicians need to be aware of the lack of high-quality evidence
supporting these recommendations.
Aorta Rupture Due to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Stagkoglou Christos , Kaperonis Elias , Papavasileiou Vasileios 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSince the 1980s, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been the treatment of choice for most urinary calculi. It is generally considered a safe method with a few complications involving the vascular system, among others. There are only a few literature reports of aortic rupture after ESWL and these mainly concern abdominal aortic aneurysms and rarely, severe atherosclerotic aorta. We report the case of a 67-year-old man with a rupture of a longitudinally and circumferentially calcified abdominal aorta and pseudoaneurysm formation following ESWL which he underwent a few days before the symptoms started. He reported urgently to our department after a recurrence of severe abdominal and lumbar pain. An endovascular treatment attempt with stent graft implantation was made initially but since the perforation did not seal, open surgery with stent removal, hematoma excision, and an aortobifemoral bypass was decided. He died 23 days later because of acute myocardial infarction. We believe that it is possible for severely calcified vessels to rupture through ESWL, and great care should be taken in these patients for symptoms or signs of retroperitoneal hematoma after the procedure.