bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's perceptions of the sibling relationship in middle childhood: Connections within and between family relationships
Authors: McGUIRE SHIRLEY , McHALE SUSAN M. , UPDEGRAFF KIMBERLY 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlthough sibling warmth and hostility have been shown to be statistically independent, they are intertwined in children's everyday experiences. We developed a multidimensional characterization of children's perceptions of their sibling relationships and examined differences in other family relationship measures as a function of different combinations of sibling hostility and warmth. Participants included 91 firstborn children between 10 and 11 years of age with younger siblings between 6 and 10 years of age. Children reported their levels of satisfaction, intimacy, and rivalry in their sibling relationships and their satisfaction with parent‐child relationships. Parents rated their marriages. As compared with children in families with “affect‐intense” sibling relationships (high hostility/high warmth), children in “hostile” sibling relationships (high hostility/low warmth) rated their sibling and parent‐child relationships more negatively, and their parents rated their marriages more negatively. Results are discussed in terms of the role of hostility in sibling experiences and the importance of understanding multidimensional patterns in the sibling relationship.
Social flexibility and anxious attachment
Authors: MILLER JUDI BEINSTEIN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSocial flexibility was predicted to correlate with anxious/ambivalent attachment among individuals reminded of attachment‐related uncertainties. In the experiment reported here, subjects wrote about positive versus negative relationship events and then responded to a series of interpersonal conflict situations. Correlations between their responses and previously obtained attachment style scores provide supportive evidence for the predictions. The results suggest that anxious/ambivalent attachment may limit social flexibility by interfering with information processing in complex social situations. Results are discussed in terms of models of test anxiety.
Attachment, caregiving, and relationship functioning in couples: Effects of self and partner
Authors: CARNELLEY KATHERINE B. , PIETROMONACO PAULA R. , JAFFE KENNETH 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe examined the links among attachment, caregiving, and relationship functioning in both dating (Study 1) and married couples (Study 2), assessing both partners' perspectives. We found that (1) men and women generally evidenced caregiving characteristics similar to those of their parent% especially their same‐sex parent; (2) individuals who reported giving more care to their partner evidenced less fearful‐avoidant attachment (Studies 1 and 2) and less preoccupation with attachment (Study 2); and (3) individuals' own attachment models and their partner's attachment models and caregiving jointly predicted relationship functioning, but individuals' own attachment models remained strong predictors even after the partner's attachment and caregiving were taken into account. The results suggest that caregiving learned in childhood attachment relationships may be carried forward into adult romantic relationships, and they support the idea that attachment and caregiving are central components of romantic love.
The relationship between marital interaction behaviors and affective reactions to one's own and one's spouse's self‐evaluation needs
Authors: MENDOLIA MARILYN , BEACH STEVEN R. H. , TESSER ABRAHAM 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA recent extension (Beach, & Tesser, 1993) of Tesser's self‐evaluation maintenance model (SEM: Tesser, 1988) proposed that a person's motivation to feel good about the self, and his or her concern for the partner's need to feel good about the self, can affect the couple's interaction behavior. In the present study, individual differences in the motivation to maintain one's own and one's partner's SEM needs are used to predict the couple's problem‐solving discussion behaviors. Fifty‐three married couples were videotaped for 20 minutes while discussing an important relationship issue on which there was disagreement. From these video records, husbands' and wives' favorable and unfavorable discussion behaviors were coded. During a subsequent session, couples reported their affective reactions to a number of SEM scenarios recalled from memory, which were used to create an individual difference measure representing the strength in motivation to maintain one's own and one's partner's self‐evaluation needs. In general, husbands' and wives' responsiveness to their partners' SEM needs was associated with favorable interaction behavior, whereas responsiveness to one's own SEM needs was associated with unfavorable interaction behavior. The results of this study suggest that the extended SEM model provides an experimental framework that incorporates research directed at both the elucidation of individual differences and the examination of the couple as a unit.
Couple disagreement: Effects on the formation and implementation of fertility decisions
Authors: MILLER WARREN B. , PASTA DAVID J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article focuses on how couple disagreement affects the translation of fertility desires into fertility intentions, and the implementation of fertility intentions through the initiation of proceptive behavior. We use data collected by interview from the husbands and wives of 201 married couples with no children, and 200 married couples with one child. Data were collected at four times, spanning a 3‐1/2‐year interval. The effect on fertility intentions of couple disagreement in fertility desires was modeled with regression analysis after disaggregating individuals in positive disagreement with their spouses (having stronger desires) from those in negative disagreement with their spouses (having weaker desires). The effect on proceptive behavior of couple disagreement in fertility intentions was similarly modeled. The results reveal different patterns of positive/negative disagreement that vary by sex, parity, and time, and that differ for three different fertility desireslintentions and for the prediction of proceptive behavior. The discussion focuses on interpreting these findings in terms of a psychological state identified as “responsiveness to spouse” and on explaining why this state varies by sex and across the life course.
Attachment style and presence of a romantic partner as moderators of psychophysiological responses to a stressful laboratory situation
Authors: CARPENTER ERIKA M. , KIRKPATRICK LEE A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects of attachment style and presence of a romantic partner on psychophysiological responses to a stressful laboratory situation were examined in a sample of 34 college women involved in serious dating relationships. In two separate laboratory sessions, one with romantic partner present and one with partner absent, participants were led to anticipate a stressful situation. Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were recorded during baseline and stress periods in each condition. Significant three‐way interactions showed that both avoidant and anxious participants in the partner‐present condition evinced elevated psychophysiological responses to the stressor (relative to baseline), in contrast to these groups in the partner‐absent condition and secure and nonanxious participants in both conditions. Findings are compared to those of previous research on attachment‐style differences in proximity‐seeking behavior in a similar laboratory situation, and they are interpreted in terms of the approach‐avoidance conflict experienced by insecure people when faced with a stressful situation in the presence of their romantic partners.
Relationships and development during adolescence: Interpersonal adaptation to individual change
Authors: COLLINS W. ANDREW 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDevelopmental perspectives on relationships address Processes of dyadic adaptation to normative changes in individuals. Relationships with parents and peers during adolescence are a microcosm of these continuous adaptations. Three key themes from research on relationships during adolescence are examined: changes in relative distance from, and connectedness to, different categories of relationship partners; the coexistence of continuity and change in relationships; and increasing differentiation and interrelation of relationships. Findings from studies of adolescent relationships (1) illustrate the potential value of normative perspectives on relationship properties and conditions and (2) underscore the need for further research on processes of relationship change. Particularly needed are testable formulations regarding the processes of relationship change and attention to interrelations among significant close relationships.
Physical distance and interpersonal characteristics in college students’romantic relationships
Authors: HORN K. ROGER VAN , ARNONE ANGELA , NESBITT KELLY , DESLLETS LAURA , SEARS TANYA , GIFFIN MICHELLE , BRUDI REBECCA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study compared college students’long‐distance romantic relationships (N= 80) with those that were not long‐distance (N= 82) on nine variables that have been suggested as fundamentally important in intimate relationships. Members of long‐distance relationships (LDKs) reported less descriptive self‐disclosure and companionship with their partners, and they were less certain their relationships would endure. The two types of relationships did not differ on the remaining six intimacy processes: intimate self‐disclosure, affection, enhancement of worth, instrumental help, nurturance, and partner's perspective‐taking. LDRs did not differ from nonLDRs on ratings of closeness, but were rated as less satisfactory. LDRs were no more likely to terminate within a 3‐month period than were nonLDKs. In the entire sample, relationship satisfaction was found to be the best predictor of stability.
Affinity strategies in relation‐ships: The role of gender and imagined interactions in maintaining liking among College roommates
Authors: HONEYCUTT JAMES M. , PATTERSON JAMES 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAffinity‐seeking behavior among College roommates was examined to investigate how individuals sustain the relationship. Planning for affinity maintenance was examined in terms of covert dialogues based on the literature on imagined interactions (Ils) in which individuals rehearse anticipated encounters while reviewing prior conversations. A series of hypotheses and research questions were posed examining gender and self‐talk with roommates in terms of predicting roommate affinity. The association between 11s and affinity maintenance strategies was examined. Results reveal differences between male and female roommate dyads in terms of strategy usage, particularly those reflecting an orientation to the other's needs. Strategies reflecting other‐involvement emerged as significant predictors of affinity.
Impact of attachment style on reactions to accommodative dilemmas in close relationships
Authors: GAINES STANLEY O. , REIS HARRY T. , SUMMERS SHANDRA , RUSBULT CARYL E. , COX CHANTE L. , WEXLER MICHAEL O. , MARELICH WILLIAM D. , KURLAND GREGORY J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFour studies examined reactions to accommodative dilemmas in ongoing close relationships, exploring the association between adult attachment style—secure, avoidant, and anxious‐ambivalent—and four possible modes of reaction—exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Consistent with predictions, it was shown that which close partners enact potentially destructive behaviors, insecurely attached individuals tend to react in a more defensive and destructive manner. Specifically, in comparison to secure individuals, insecure individuals were more likely to react to accommodative dilemmas with exit and neglect, and were less likely to react with voice. Contrary to predictions, individuals with avoidant and anxious‐ambivalent styles did not differ in their reactions to accommodative dilemmas. The implications of these findings for understanding reactions to emotionally threatening interpersonal situations are discussed.
Attachment formation and transfer in young adults’close friendships and romantic relationships
Authors: FRALEY R. CHRIS , DAVIS KEITH E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo hundred thirty‐seven young adults from an American university completed a questionnaire designed to test several normative implications of attachment theory. As predicted, the majority of participants (60%) used their parents as primary attachment figures but were in the process of transferring attachment‐related functions from parents to peers (best friends and romantic partners). The transfer of these functions the parents to peers was found to be a function of the duration of the peer relationship. Furthermore, factors that generally promote the development of attachment formation in infancy (such as caregiving, trust, and intimate contact) were found to be positively associated with the development of attachment in adult relationships. Additional variables were identified that may facilitate peer attachment formation: secure working models of attachment and the perceived security of the peer. It is argued that future investigations into the role of attachment formation and transfer are critical for a comprehensive description of attachment dynamics in adult relationships.
Confidant support and maternal distress: Predictors of parenting practices for divorced mothers
Authors: DeGARMO DAVID S. , FORGATCH MARION S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFollowing divorce, mothers may seek support for their parenting efforts. This study investigates confidant support from friends, family, and intimate partners, along with maternal distress, as predictors of parenting practices for divorced women. In a multimethod study of 138 mothers and their support confidants, we employed a measure of observed support that included emotional support, supportive behaviors, and likability of the support provider. These qualities were scored from dyadic problem‐solving discussions of the mother's personal and parenting problems. Our main hypothesis was supported: Controlling for maternal distress and confidant negativity, observed confidant support predicted higher levels of effective parenting practices. Confidant negativity was associated with maternal distress, and we found a marginal relationship between maternal distress and parenting. Confidant negativity had an indirect association with parenting by predicting lower levels of observed support. Overall, 36% of the variance in parenting practices and 24% of the variance in observed support was explained in a multimethod structural equation model specified with minimal overlap.
Personal characteristics, relationship quality, and social support perceptions and behavior in young adult romantic relationships
Authors: GURUNG REGAN A. R. , SARASON BARBARA R. , SARASON IRWIN G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study investigated three questions: (1) Do both personal characteristics and perceived qualities of romantic relationships contribute to partners’perceptions of support? (2) Do these variables predict supportive behavior in partner interactions that can be observed by others? (3) How do situational characteristics affect the predictors of observed supportive behavior? Eighty‐six university undergraduates and their romantic partners completed a questionnaire packet and participated in a structured videotaped interaction that included a stress‐inducing intervention. Participants’perceived support from the relationship was predicted by participants’own personal characteristics and view of the relationship, as well as by partners’personal characteristics. Observed supportive behavior in a somewhat familiar task was related to personal characteristics of both partners and their views of the relationship. Supportive behavior after an experimenter‐administered stressor was predicted only by the couple's personal characteristics. Results demonstrate how study of social support in close relationships can advance understanding of relations between support perception and support receipt.
Sequential analysis of autonomy‐interdependence and affiliation‐disaffiliation in couples' social support interactions
Authors: SAITZYK ARLENE R. , FLOYD FRANK J. , KROLL ALEXANDRA B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSequential patterns of social support interactions between satisfied (n= 33) and dissatisfied (n= 23) husbands and wives were observed as the spouses took turns confiding about personal problems. The interactions were coded with an adaptation of Benjamin's Structural Analysis of Social Behavior, which evaluates interpersonal behaviors along two dimensions of independence‐interdependence and affiliation‐disaffiliation. Log‐linear analysis verified expected complementary sequential exchanges of behaviors that fell in the mid‐ranges of independence, interdependence, affiliation, and disaffiliation, although extreme forms of independent and interdependent behavior showed unexpected functional associations with non‐complementary behaviors. Dissatisfied wives displayed imbalanced levels of independent and interdependent behaviors, and both spouses showed relatively less support for each other's independent initiative. Dissatisfied spouses also had difficulty providing and accepting assistance in affiliative ways. The findings are discussed in terms of the balance of autonomy and interconnectedness in marriage, and the implications for improving supportive interactions for dissatisfied couples.
The influence of husband and wife personality on marital social support interactions
Authors: CUTRONA CAROLYN E. , HESSLING ROBERT M. , SUHR JULIE A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe influence of extraversion and negative affectivity on support interactions among married couples was examined. One hundred married couples were observed in two 10‐minute interactions that were designed to elicit supportive behaviors. Extraverted support providers gave more support to their spouse than did introverts. Reciprocity in the exchange of support behaviors was also observed: The amount of support given by the individual in the first interaction predicted the amount of support provided to him or her during the second interaction. Negative affectivity was negatively correlated with ratings of interaction supportiveness, even when controlling for the number of supportive and negative behaviors received from the spouse. Extraverts showed higher sensitivity to emotional support behaviors than did introverts. The same level of emotional support behaviors from the spouse led to higher ratings of interaction supportiveness among those high on extraversion than among those low on extraversion. Results highlight the importance of integrative models of support that consider characteristics of the individual and his or her social environment.
Comparing the social support behaviors of violent and nonviolent husbands during discussions of wife personal problems
Authors: HOLTZWORTH‐MUNROE AMY , STUART GREGORY L. , SANDIN ELIZABETH , SMUTZLER NATALIE , MCLAUGHLIN WENDY 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo compare the social support behaviors of violent and nonviolent husbands, we recruited four groups of couples‐violent and distressed (VD); violent/nondistressed (VND); nonviolent/distressed (NVD);and nonviolent/nondistressed (NVND). Two systems were used to code couples’discussions of wives’personal problems. Using the Social Support Interaction Coding System (Bradbury & Pasch, 1994), no violent‐nonviolent group differences emerged; however, as listeners, NVND husbands were the most positive and tended to be the least negative. Using a coding system designed for this study (i.e., Social Support Behavior/Affect Rating System), we confirmed the hypothesis that violent husbands would offer less social support than would nonviolent husbands. Relative to nonviolent men, violent husbands were less positive, more belligerent/domineering, more contemptuous/disgusted, and more upset by the wife's problem. Relative to NVND husbands, violent husbands displayed more anger and tension, VND husbands were more critical of their wives’problem, and VD men were more critical of the possible solutions wives offered. We discuss differences in the two coding systems relevant to the detection of violent‐nonviolent group differences. Across both systems, few group differences in wife behavior emerged, suggesting that husband behavior better differentiates violent from nonviolent couples when wives are discussing personal problems.
Social influence techniques during marital conflict
Authors: SAGRESTANO LYNDA M. , CHRISTENSEN ANDREW , HEAVEY CHRISTOPHER L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe use of social influence techniques was examined in two studies of marital conflict. In each study, couples discussed two issues in counterbalanced order: one in which the husband wanted change and one in which the wife wanted change. Interactions were coded for the use of influence techniques. Evidence from both studies supported a social role explanation, such that roles based on who wanted change predicted the use of influence, whereas gender did not. Secondary hypotheses based on attribution theory and schema theory were also supported. When discussing areas in which they wanted change in partners, spouses made more partner attributions, were more likely to suggest change, and were more likely to explain their partners’behavior than when discussing areas in which their partners wanted change. However, they were more likely to ask questions to clarify the problem when discussing a change their partners wanted in them than when discussing a change they wanted. The importance of considering social structural variables such as social roles in examining conflict interactions is discussed.
The transition to uncertainty?: The impacts of Hong Kong 1997 on personal relationships
Authors: GOODWIN ROBIN , TANG CATHERINE 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDespite considerable previous research into acculturation processes and family stress, we know little about how different groups of individuals or families respond to planned political changeswithin a cultureand the impact of their expectations on their daily relationships. This study examines the appraisals of 403 Hong Kong married individuals of the forthcoming handover of Hong Kong to China, the impact of these appraisals on relationship disagreements regarding the transition, and perceived changes in their relationships. Results suggest that negative (external) locus of control and pessimistic group norms are predictors of a threatening appraisal of the transition, and that this perceived threat was a significant predictor of perceived change in the couple's relationship. Age and education had direct impacts on perception of relationship change and intradyadic disagreements about the transition. Results are discussed in the light of the complex political and economic climate in the lead‐up to the handover of Hong Kong to China, as well as the broader literature on family stress, personal relationships, and social change.