bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation and three‐dimensional displacement of fibers in isometrically contracting rat plantaris muscles
Authors: Savelberg Hans H.C.M. , Willems Paul J.B. , Baan Guus C. , Huijing Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the deformation of different fibers of the rat m. plantaris during “isometric” contractions at different muscle lengths was considered. Because the m. plantaris has an obviously inhomogeneous architecture, its fibers on the medial side of the muscle belly are judged to be shorter than those on the lateral side of it. It was expected that longitudinal deformation of different fibers would vary accordingly. A 3D video analysis of contracting muscle showed that longitudinal strain of fibers as a function of muscle length does not differ between fibers on different sides of the muscle. Apart from longitudinal shortening, the fibers were also displaced laterally during a contraction. The fibers displaced during a contraction in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axis. The displacement of the fibers occurred asymmetrically, resulting in a helical deformation of the whole muscle. It is concluded that the asymmetric displacement and the helical deformation must result from transversal forces between the fibers. It is hypothesized that these transversal forces cancel out differences in longitudinal strains that might exist between fibers. J. Morphol. 250:89–99, 2001. ©2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small bowel MRI: Comparison of a polyethylene glycol preparation and water as oral contrast media
Authors: Sood Rohit R. , Joubert Ilse , Franklin Hilary , Doyle Terence , Lomas David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo compare water and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) preparation as potential oral contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the small bowel.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two healthy volunteers underwent separate MRI examinations after drinking up to two liters of water or PEG preparation. Small bowel images were obtained every 10 minutes for at least two hours using breath‐hold single shot half‐Fourier imaging, including both thick section projection and thin section images. Examinations were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus, blinded to the volunteer and contrast details, for arrival at the terminal ileum, transit time, and demonstration of small bowel segments.ResultsThe PEG preparation was significantly better than water at reaching the terminal ileum (PEG 21/22 volunteers [95.45%], water 14/22 volunteers [63.6%], P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in the mean transit time (water 51 ± 48 minutes, PEG 37.7 ± 22 minutes) or in the demonstration of the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, but the PEG preparation was significantly better at demonstrating the ileum (P = 0.005) and terminal ileum (P = 0.002).ConclusionA PEG preparation is significantly better than water as an oral contrast medium for demonstrating the distal small bowel during breath‐hold T2‐weighted MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:401‐408. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo diffusion‐weighted MRI of the breast: Potential for lesion characterization
Authors: Sinha Shantanu , Lucas‐Quesada Flora Anne , Sinha Usha , DeBruhl Nanette , Bassett Lawrence W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in characterizing breast lesions in vivo.Materials and MethodsTwo diffusion‐weighted (DW) sequences were implemented on a 1.5 Tesla scanner, with low b‐value orthogonal and high b‐value tetrahedral sensitized sequences. The orthogonal sequence was evaluated on 16 normal volunteers and 23 patients with known lesion types (six benign and 17 malignant). The tetrahedral sequence was evaluated on a smaller number of subjects: two normal, two malignant, and two benign.ResultsThe mean value of the ADC of the malignant tumors was reduced compared to that of the benign lesions and normal tissue. This finding was related to the increased cellularity of the malignant lesions. The ADC values were elevated for all tissue types with the low b‐value sequence as compared to the high b‐value sequence, indicating contributions from perfusion effects at the low b‐values.ConclusionThe study clearly shows that DW‐MRI can help characterize breast lesions in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:693–704. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI vs. histologic measurement of breast cancer following chemotherapy: Comparison with x‐ray mammography and palpation
Authors: Weatherall P.T. , Evans Gregory F. , Metzger Gregory J. , Saborrian M. Hossein , Leitch A. Marilyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwenty consecutive patients with breast cancer were evaluated following chemotherapy using MRI to assess the size of cancer residua and compare these data with subsequent histologic measurements of the viable tumor. This retrospective study also involved assessment of the preoperative size of the malignancy as determined by physical exam and x‐ray mammogram. These values were later compared with the histology. The tumor size correlation coefficient between MRI and pathologic analysis was the highest, at 0.93. Physical exam and x‐ray mammography (available for 17 patients) produced correlation coefficients of 0.72 and 0.63, respectively, compared to histologic measurement. The accuracy of MRI did not vary with the size of cancer residua. MRI is an accurate method for preoperative assessment of breast cancer residua following chemotherapy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:868–875. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR lung imaging at 0.2 T with T1‐weighted true FISP: Native and oxygen‐enhanced
Authors: Müller C. J. , Löffler R. , Deimling M. , Peller M. , Reiser M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn inversion recovery true fast imaging with steady precession (FISP) pulse sequence was developed to carry out fast imaging of the lungs at 0.2 T. Using this sequence, oxygen‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) lung imaging was performed on healthy volunteers. The lungs showed signal enhancement (11.7% ± 3.8%) when breathing 100% oxygen. Using inversion recovery, true FISP at low field may prove promising for MR lung imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:164–168. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI assessment of microvascular characteristics in experimental breast tumors using a new blood pool contrast agent (MS‐325) with correlations to histopathology
Authors: Turetschek Karl , Floyd Eugenia , Helbich Thomas , Roberts Timothy P.L. , Shames David M. , Wendland Michael F. , Carter Wayne O. , Brasch Robert C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new contrast medium, MS‐325, was compared to albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30 in 18 chemically induced rat breast tumors based on quantitative estimates of microvascular permeability (KPS) and fractional plasma volume (fPV) using a two‐compartment bidirectional model. No significant correlation was found between MS‐325‐enhanced microvascular assays with either tumor grade or with microvascular counts (MVCs). In comparison, the correlation coefficient between KPS and histologic tumor grade using albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30 (r = .58) was statistically significant (P < .01). Also, using albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30, a significant correlation (r = .55, P < .05) was observed between the KPS and MVC, a biomarker of angiogenesis. Correlations between fPV and MVC were not statistically significant for either contrast medium. In conclusion, using MS‐325, no significant correlations between the MR‐estimated permeability values or plasma volumes were observed in experimental breast tumors with either the histologic tumor grade or MVC. This analysis confirms our previous determination that capillary permeability estimates, using a prototype large molecular contrast medium, albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30, correlate significantly with both histologic tumor grade and MVC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:237–242. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between solution‐phase stability and gas‐phase kinetic stability of oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes
Authors: Gabelica Valérie , Pauw Edwin De 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relative kinetic stabilities of different 16‐mer oligonucleotide duplexes were investigated by source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in a heated capillary electrospray ion source. They were compared with the relative stabilities in solution obtained by thermal denaturation monitored by UV spectrophotometry. The results clearly show that both hydrogen bonding and base stacking interactions that are present in solution are maintained in the gas phase. This suggests that the electrospray process preserves the double‐helix structure of DNA. A step by step opening of the double helix structure is proposed for the gas‐phase dissociation, competing with the covalent bond cleavage of bases. We also draw attention to the fact that by source CID, it is the kinetic stability of the complexes that is probed. In particular, this implies that only complexes of the same size can be compared. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of ozone‐oxidation products of oxycodone by electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Pennanen Keijo , Kotiaho Tapio , Huikko Katri , Kostiainen Risto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe products of oxycodone oxidized by ozone were characterized by electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS). Liquid Chromatography(LC)–MS analyses revealed that the main constituents in the oxidation reaction mixture included the protonated molecules m/z 316, corresponding to oxycodone, and m/z 332, m/z 348, m/z 366, corresponding to the oxidation products. ESI–MS/MS and MSn spectra were used to study oxycodone fragmentation in detail and to characterize the structures of oxidation products. The results show that the oxidation products were formed by addition of one or two oxygen atoms or by addition of three oxygen and two hydrogen atoms to oxycodone. The fragmentation of the oxidation products also shows that the aromatic ring oxidizes due to rupture of the C‐3C‐4 bond during product formation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of tribenzyltin substituted‐phenoxyacetate compounds
Authors: Wei Junhua , Miller Jack Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHydrolysis products of organotin compounds RC6H4OCH2COOSn(CH2ph)3 (R = o‐NO2, 1; m‐NO2, 2; p‐NO2, 3; o‐CH3, 4; o‐OCH3, 5; o‐Cl, 6; o‐Br, 7) and RC6H3OCH2COOSn(CH2ph)3 (R = o,o‐2CH3, 8, o‐OCH3, p‐CHO, 9; o,p‐2Cl, 10), produced in aqueous acetonitrile solution, have been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) and MSn techniques. The complexes [Y2SnXR′]−, [Y3SnXR′]−, [Y3SnX2R′]−, [Y2SnX3R′]−, and fragment ions of [Y3SnR′]−, plus abundant RC6H4(or RC6H3)OCH2COO− and RC6H4(or RC6H3)O− ions are observed in negative mode, whereas the protonated molecular ion [M + H]+, complexes [Y2SnXR′]+, [Y3SnXR′]+, [Y2SnX2R′]+, [Y3SnX2R′]+, [Y2SnX3R′]+, [Y3SnX3R′]+, as well as [YSnXR′]+, [M − CH2ph]+, XSn+, (phCH2)3Sn+, phCH2Sn+ (Y = CH2ph, X = OOCCH2OC6H4R(or C6H3R)) are detected in the positive mode. Water adduct ions are seen in both modes. The assignments are facilitated by agreement between observed and calculated isotopic patterns and tandem mass spectrometry studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural assignment of isomeric 2‐(2‐quinolinyl)‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione mono‐ and disulfonic acids by liquid chromatography electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Weisz Adrian , Andrzejewski Denis , Fales Henry M. , Mandelbaum Asher 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPositionally isomeric 2‐(2‐quinolinyl)‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione mono‐ and disulfonic acids give rise to similar electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmosphere pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectra, which show very abundant MH+ ions and negligible fragmentation. The MH+ ions of these isomeric acids exhibit notably different behavior under collision‐induced dissociation (CID) conditions. The acids with a sulfonic group at position 8′ in the quinoline moiety, adjacent to the N‐atom, exhibit highly abundant [MH − H2SO3]+ ions (m/z 272 for the mono‐ and m/z 352 for the disulfonic acids), which are of lower abundance in the CID spectra of isomers with the SO3H group at other positions, remote from the nitrogen atom. The latter isomers undergo efficient eliminations of SO3 and HSO3. The isomeric diacids with one SO3H group at position 4 of the indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione moiety, adjacent to one of the carbonyl groups, undergo highly efficient elimination of H2O. Mechanistic pathways, involving interactions between adjacent groups, are proposed for the above regiospecific fragmentations. Pronounced different behavior has been also observed in negative ion tandem mass spectrometric measurements of the sulfonic acids. The distinctive behavior of the isomeric acids was strongly pronounced when the measurements were performed with an ion trap mass spectrometer (LCQ), and much less so with a triple‐stage quadrupole instrument (TSQ). Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric and visible spectrophotometric studies of copper(I) and copper(II) complexes with 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol
Authors: Oszwałdowski Sławomir , Witowska Janina , Jarosz Maciej 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComplexes of copper(II) with 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol (5‐Br‐PADAP) formed in aqueous methanol in a wide range of pH (from acidic to alkaline) as well as copper(I)–5‐Br‐PADAP species formed in methanolic solutions were investigated by spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. Pseudomolecular and fragment ions created in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source confirmed the molecular masses of the complexes existing in the solvents and their structures. The structure of the Cu(II) complex with 5‐Br‐PADAP formed in acidic medium was proposed as CuR(R − H) (where R is the undissociated molecule of the reagent). The binding sites of the two bound reagent molecules were different: in one of them the oxygen atom of the dissociated phenolic group and the nitrogen atom from the azo (—NN—) group took part in complex formation, whereas in the other only nitrogen atoms from the pyridyl ring and azo group were involved. The complex was stable and could not be reduced to Cu(I) species by use of standard reducing agents (ascorbic acid, hydroxylamine). In alkaline solutions the complex tended to polymerize and precipitated in media containing less than 80% of methanol. The copper(I)–5‐Br‐PADAP complex was extremely unstable and could be obtained (as a mixture with Cu(II) species) in media free of water or oxygen. For this complex, CuR2 was proposed as the most probable structure. According to this proposal copper(I) reacted exclusively with nitrogen‐containing binding sites and the undissociated phenolic group was not engaged in complex formation. In this system Cu(I)/Cu(II) electron transfer is very rapid, accelerated by a polar environment, e.g. in the presence of water molecules or dissolved oxygen. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural characterization of isoxazolidinyl nucleosides by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Colacino Evelina , Giorgi Gianluca , Liguori Angelo , Napoli Anna , Romeo Roberto , Salvini Laura , Siciliano Carlo , Sindona Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

Abstract4′‐Aza‐2′,3′‐dideoxyerythrofuranosyl derivatives of thymine (AdT, 1) and uracil (AdU, 2) are analogues of 2′,3′‐dideoxyribofuranosyl thymine (ddT, 3) and uracyl (ddU, 4). Compounds 1 and 2 are representative of a new class of antiviral agents where the sugar moiety is replaced by an isoxazolidine ring. The increasing importance of isoxazolidinyl nucleosides has encouraged the exploitation of simple mass spectrometric rules for unambiguously assigning their structure. The species 1, 2, 5 and 6 were therefore synthesized in order to evaluate the role of the basic centre of the modified sugar moiety in their gas‐phase chemistry. The tandem mass spectra of these compounds are similar to those of the wild‐type nucleosides and display fragment ions corresponding to [B + 2H]+,[M − BH]+ and [B + 27]+ species, where B is the nucleobase. The last species derives from a retrocycloaddition process which is less evident in 2′‐deoxyribosides. This behaviour is consistent with protonation of the analytes at the pyrimidine rings. Model isoxazolidines, in which the nucleobase was replaced by a phenyl or a naphthyl moiety, displayed the expected behaviour of species with a localized charge on the N—O moiety of the isoxazolidine ring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA
Authors: Swenson Paul D. , Van Geyt Caroline , Alexander E. Russell , Hagan Holly , Freitag‐Koontz Jayne M. , Wilson Shari , Norder Heléne , Magnius Lars O. , Stuyver Lieven 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg‐positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the HBV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by detection of amplified HBV DNA by a reverse‐phase hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) using genotype‐specific probes. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 155 (79%) of the 196 sera and all 155 were genotyped by LiPA. Samples from Southeast Asia were predominantly genotype B/subtype ayw1 and genotype C/adr; samples from the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe were mostly genotype D/ayw2 and genotype D/ayw3; samples from east Africa were mainly genotype A/adw2 and genotype D/ayw2; and samples from injection drug users were mostly genotype D/ayw3 and genotype A/adw2. Some strains of ayw3 gave atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns in the subtyping assay due to a Val/Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 118 and a Thr instead of a Met at residue 125. A strain of ayw2 also gave an atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern due to an Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 123. LiPA genotyping and monoclonal EIA subtyping can provide useful information for epidemiological studies. J. Med. Virol. 64:305–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Administration of a human monoclonal antibody (TUVIRUMAB) to chronic hepatitis B patients pre‐treated with lamivudine: monitoring of serum TUVIRUMAB in immune complexes
Authors: Heijtink R.A. , van Nunen A.B. , van Bergen P. , Östberg L. , Osterhaus A.D.M.E. , de Man R.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA human monoclonal anti‐hepatitis B antibody preparation (TUVIRUMAB) was administered 6 times over a 2‐week period in a dose‐escalating scheme to chronic hepatitis B patients pre‐treated with lamivudine. The capacity of the TUVIRUMAB antibody to “neutralize” hepatitis B surface antigen in the circulation was investigated by means of experimental enzyme‐immunoassays. Monoclonal antibody conjugates enabled the detection of HBsAg, TUVIRUMAB, and HBsAg/TUVIRUMAB complexes. The results showed that (1) TUVIRUMAB was able partially to “neutralize” in vitro and in vivo, (2) HBsAg/TUVIRUMAB complexes can be traced by assays that capture the complex at either its HBsAg or its TUVIRUMAB component, (3) the final concentration of TUVIRUMAB at the end of therapy varied greatly but seemed to be related to HBsAg production at the start of therapy, (4) for at least 14 days after discontinuation of therapy, a minimal HBsAg level could be maintained in the presence of a declining TUVIRUMAB titer in patients with less than 3 μg/ml HBsAg before the start of therapy, (5) three months after therapy, all HBsAg levels had returned to pre‐treatment levels and TUVIRUMAB had disappeared. J. Med. Virol. 64:427–434, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic analysis of hepatitis a virus outbreak in france confirms the co‐circulation of subgenotypes Ia, Ib and reveals a new genetic lineage
Authors: Costa‐Mattioli Mauro , Monpoeho Serge , Schvoerer Claire , Besse Bernard , Aleman Marie‐Helene , Billaudel Sylviane , Cristina Juan , Ferré Virginie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGenetic analysis of selected genome regions of hepatitis A Virus (HAV) suggested that distinct genotype could be defined in different geographic locations. In order to study the degree of genetic variability among HAV isolated during a single epidemic outbreak, sequences from a 148 base pair segment within the VP1 amino terminal region were obtained for eight distinct HAV isolates from an outbreak that occurred in North Bretagne (France). These sequences were compared among themselves and with published sequences from 30 different strains that represented different HAV sub‐genotypes that were isolated all over the world. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an extensive genetic heterogeneity among strains belonging to the same outbreak and revealed co‐circulation of sub‐genotype IA, IB, and the presence of IIIA sub‐genotype for the first time in a Mediterranean country. J. Med. Virol. 65:233–240, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete genome analysis of enterovirus 71 isolated from an outbreak in Taiwan and rapid identification of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 by RT‐PCR
Authors: Yan Jing‐Jou , Su Ih‐Jen , Chen Po‐Fu , Liu Ching‐Chuan , Yu Chun‐Keung , Wang Jen‐Ren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and encephalomyelitis were two major clinical manifestations during the 1998 enterovirus 71 (EV71) epidemic in Taiwan. To investigate whether different clinical patterns were caused by alterations in EV71 genomes, the complete nucleotide sequences of four EV71 strains associated with HFMD or encephalomyelitis were compared. Among these viral strains, two or three nucleotide differences were found within the 5′‐noncoding region, and two or four amino acid differences were found within the regions encoding viral polyproteins; however, none of these differences were correlated with either clinical manifestation. Because coxsackievirus A16 was another major causative agent of HFMD, a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay, with high sensitivity and specificity for identification of EV71 (both 100%) and coxsackievirus A16 (100 and 98.8%), was developed for the rapid differential identification of these two viruses in HFMD patients. J. Med. Virol. 65:331–339, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.