bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Caloric Deficit in a Fatal Case of Starvation Resulting from Child Neglect
Authors: Nagao M , Maeno Y , Koyama H , Seko-Nakamura Y , Monma-Ohtaki J , Iwasa M , Zhe LX , Kawashima N , Yano T 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
We report the case of a 3-year-20-day-old girl who died of starvation as a result of severe neglect. Her body weight had been 12 kg 70 days before her death, but was only 5 kg at the time of autopsy. From information supplied by her parents to police, we calculated her daily caloric intake and estimated the factors for physical activity. The daily recommended dietary allowance for the victim was calculated from 700 kcal/day × the appropriate factor for physical activity.
In the absence of enough food, body fat (7.2 kcal/g body fat) and protein (4 kcal/g protein) would have been used to compensate until death. The calculated body weight at the time of death was around 5 kg. The statements of the parents therefore appear to be true.
Tramadol (Ultram®) Concentrations in Death Investigation and Impaired Driving Cases and Their Significance
Authors: Clarkson JE , Lacy JM , Fligner CL , Thiersch N , Howard J , Harruff RC , Logan BK 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
We reviewed a series of 66 deaths in Washington State between 1995–2000 in which tramadol (Ultram® and Ultracet®, Ortho-McNeil) was detected in the decedent's blood, in order to assess the role tramadol was determined to have played. Additionally, we reviewed a series of 83 impaired driving cases in which tramadol was detected in order to establish a non-lethal blood tramadol concentration reference range. In both populations, tramadol was consistently found together with other analgesic, muscle relaxant, and CNS depressant drugs. Death was rarely attributable to tramadol alone. However, tramadol may be a significant contributor to lethal intoxication when taken in excess with other drugs, via the potential interaction with serotonergic antidepressant medications, as well as the potential for increased CNS depression. Although the incidence of tramadol detection has increased consistently over the last eight years, there is no evidence of a corresponding increase in the number of cases in which death was attributed solely to tramadol. Blood drug concentrations in many deaths exceeded the therapeutic serum range of 0.28–0.61 mg/L (1); however, the concentrations overlapped almost completely with the range identified in living subjects arrested for impaired driving. These findings suggest caution in the interpretation of blood tramadol concentrations outside of the recognized therapeutic range. It also suggests that the drug, even when used in moderate excess, is not a principle cause of death in suicidal or accidental deaths.
Accidental Insulin Overdose
Authors: Batalis NI , Prahlow JA 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Exogenous insulin has been used for many years to treat diabetes mellitus. Due to the complex nature of insulin therapy, there have been numerous accidental overdoses by these patients. Unfortunately, in other instances, insulin has been used as an agent for suicide and homicide in diabetics as well as nondiabetics. Presented here is a fatal case of accidental insulin overdose in a nondiabetic. Following the case presentation, we review insulin pharmacology and the methods of diagnosing insulin overdose postmortem. In any case of insulin overdose, a comprehensive scene investigation to document the amount and type of insulin used, along with information revealing the source of the insulin is critical. In addition, a complete autopsy, including appropriate laboratory studies, is needed to make a diagnosis in these cases. Proper attention should be given to collection and storage of blood samples, as these specimens often yield the strongest evidence of insulin overdose.
The USS Iowa Disaster: Success of the Forensic Dental Team
Authors: Brannon RB , Morlang WM 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The authors record the contributions of dentistry to the identification of the crew members who were in one of the most significant peacetime military accidents in U.S. Navy history—the April 1989 explosion in a gun turret on the battleship USS Iowa and the deaths of 47 U.S. Navy personnel. Dental identification was the primary means of identification for most because a very high percentage of the bodies were burned or fragmented. The dental-identification team's success was a direct result of its preparedness, its use of dental personnel with mass-disaster experience, and the overall excellent quality of the antemortem dental records. The dental-identification team's successful involvement in the USS Iowa tragedy was considered a model for success and therefore was instrumental in contributing to the development of the American Board of Forensic Odontology “Guidelines for the Development of a Disaster Dental Identification Team.”
Self-extraction of Teeth Involving Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid
Authors: Pretty I A , Hall R C 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A case involving self-extraction of teeth linked to the abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is reported. A 28-year-old woman and her 29-year-old boyfriend were discovered by paramedics following an extensive period of GHB use. The paramedics were alerted by a neighbor who had heard screaming from the house. On presentation to the accident and emergency department, it was noted that the female had 18 fresh extraction sockets visible intra-orally. At the scene, a mirror, a pair of pliers, and a bowl containing human teeth were found. Charges of assault were taken to the courts against the boyfriend who was subsequently acquitted. Odontological evidence centered on whether or not it was possible to self-extract the teeth using the pliers found. This case is the first to describe possible oral self-mutilation under the influence of GHB and odontologists should always consider self-injury as an explanation for intra- and perio-oral injuries of unknown origin.
Review of: Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists and Conservators
Authors: Palenik S 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In their dedication, the authors of this ambitious volume express their appreciation to the late Dr. Walter C. McCrone for his inspiration that served to “convert (and) stimulate ⋯ these two disciples.” This reviewer worked closely with Walter McCrone for nearly 30 years and as a result feels justified in stating that McCrone (as he liked to call himself) would certainly be very proud of these “disciples” and the useful book that has resulted from their efforts that were driven, at least in part, by this inspiration.
Forensic Significance of Bullet Lead Compositions
Authors: Koons RD , Buscaglia JA 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The concentrations of seven elements in projectile lead specimens received as evidence were used to assess the frequency of the occurrence of two unrelated samples having indistinguishable compositions. A set of data from 1837 samples was selected for this study from a sampling of 23,054 lead bullets and shot pellets received as evidence in the FBI Laboratory over the period 1989 through 2002. The method used for selection of samples from case submissions ensured that no two samples of the same general type from the same case were included and that no bias was introduced concerning representation of manufacturers or production sources. A total of 1,686,366 pairwise lead sample comparisons were made using the concentrations of the elements Sb, Cu, As, Ag, Bi, Sn, and Cd using a match criterion of two times the sum of the standard deviations of the paired samples. Of the 1837 samples, 1397 samples, or 76%, are distinguishable from every other sample in this study. The total number of indistinguishable sample pairs is 674, for a frequency of 1 out of every 2502 comparisons. The frequency of occurrence of matching samples decreases as the number of measured elements is increased and as the precision of the measurements improves. For bullets in which all seven elements were determined, the match frequency is 1 in 7284. Compositional comparison of bullet lead provides a reliable, highly significant point of evidentiary comparison of potential sources of crime-related bullets.
Radiographic Human Identification Using Bones of the Hand: A Validation Study
Authors: Koot MG , Sauer NJ , Fenton TW 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The 1993 Supreme Court case Daubert v. Merrell-Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. underscores the importance of validating forensic science techniques. This research examines the validity of using posterior-anterior radiographs of the hand to make positive identifications of unknown human remains. Furthermore, this study was constructed to satisfy the requirements of Daubert's guidelines of scientific validity by establishing a standard methodology for hand radiograph analysis, testing the technique, and noting rates of error. This validation study required twelve participant examiners from the forensic science community, working independently, to attempt to match 10 simulated postmortem radiographs of skeletonized hands to 40 simulated antemortem radiographs of fleshed cadaver hands. The overall accuracy rate of the twelve examiners was 95%, while their collective sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 92%, respectively. However, the accuracy of each examiner was related to the amount of radiological training and experience of the observer. Six Ph.D. forensic anthropologists and four experienced forensic anthropology graduate students correctly identified all the matches. Participant examiners noted bone morphology, trabecular patterns of the proximal and middle phalanges, and distinctive radiopaque and radiolucent features as the anatomical features that aided the identification process. The hand can be an important skeletal element for radiographic positive identification because it contains 27 individual bones for comparative analysis.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Hallucinogenic Indoles Psilocin and Psilocybin in “Magic Mushroom” Samples
Authors: Kamata T , Nishikawa M , Katagi M , Tsuchihashi H 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Accurate and sensitive analytical methods for psilocin (PC) and psilocybin (PB), tryptamine-type hallucinogens contained in “magic mushrooms,” were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The chromatographic separation on an ODS column and mass spectral information gave complete discrimination between PC and PB without derivatization. The mass spectrometric detection had a high sensitivity, and the tandem mass spectrometric detection provided more specificity and accuracy, as well as high sensitivity. The detection limits ranged from 1 to 25 pg by LC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode, and the intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were estimated to be 4.21–5.93% by LC-MS-MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode. By applying the present LC-MS-MS technique to four real samples, the contents of PC and PB were found to vary over a wide range (0.60–1.4 and 0.18–3.8 mg/g dry wt. for PC and PB, respectively) between samples.
Vibrations‐determined properties of green fluorescent protein
Authors: Krasnenko Veera , Tkaczyk Alan H. , Tkaczyk Eric R. , Farkas Ödön , Mauring Koit 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe physicochemical characteristics of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), including the thermodynamic properties (entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs' free energy, heat capacity), normal mode vibrations, and atomic fluctuations, were investigated. The Gaussian 03 computational chemistry program was employed for normal mode analysis using the AMBER force field. The thermodynamic parameters and atomic fluctuations were then calculated from the vibrational eigenvalues (frequencies) and eigenvectors. The regions of highest rigidity were shown to be the β‐sheet barrel with the central α‐helix, which bears the chromophore. The most flexible parts of the GFP molecule were the outlying loops that cover the top and bottom of the β‐barrel. This way, the balance between rigidity and flexibility is maintained, which is the optimal relationship for protein stability in terms of Gibbs' free energy. This dual‐schemed structure satisfies the requirements for GFP function. In this sense, the structure of GFP resembles a nanoscale drum: a stiff cylinder with flexible vibrating end(s). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 140–146, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
310‐Helix adjoining α‐helix and β‐strand: Sequence and structural features and their conservation
Authors: Pal Lipika , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Chakrabarti Pinak 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDoes the amino acid use at the terminal positions of an α‐helix become altered depending on the context—more specifically, when there is an adjoining 310‐helix, and can a single helical cylinder encompass the resultant composite helix? An analysis of 138 and 107 cases of 310–α and α–310 composite helices, respectively, found in known protein structures indicate that the secondary structural element occurring first imposes its characteristics on the sequence of the structural element coming next. Thus, when preceded by a 310‐helix, the preference of proline to occur at the N1 position of an α‐helix is shifted to the N2 position, a typical characteristic of the C‐terminal capping of the 310‐helix. When an α‐ or a 310‐helix leads into a helix of the other type, there is a bend at the junction, especially for the 310–α composite, with the two junction residues facing inward and buried within the structure. Thus a single helical cylinder may not properly represent a composite helix, the bend providing a means for the tertiary structure to assume a globular shape, very much akin to what a proline‐induced kink does to an α‐helix. The tertiary structural context in which β–310 and 310–β composites occurs can be different, causing the angle between the secondary structural elements in the two cases to be different. Composites of 310‐helices and β‐strands are much more conserved among members in families of homologous structures than those between two types of helices; in many of the former instances, the 310‐helix constitutes the loops in β‐hairpin or β–β‐corner motifs. The overall fold of the chain may be more conserved than the actual identify of the secondary structure elements in a composite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 147–162, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by novel indolin‐2‐one and indoline‐2‐thione derivatives
Authors: Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Kładna Aleksandra , Kruk Irena , Lichszteld Krzysztof , Michalska Teresa , Olgen Sureyya 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe antioxidant behavior of a series of new synthesized substituted indoline‐2‐ones and indolin‐2‐thiones was investigated in this study using an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC$_{ROO\mathop{\bullet}^{\!\!\!\!-}}$) and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidino‐propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as the radical generator; system generating superoxide anion radical, $O^{{\mathop{\bullet}^{\!\!\!\!-}}}_2$ (18‐crown‐6/KO2/DMSO), and the Fenton‐like reaction [Co(II) + H2O2 → Co(III) + HO• + HO−]. Measurements were done using fluorescence, chemiluminescence methods, and a deoxyribose assay based on the spectrophotometry method, respectively. The results obtained indicated that the examined indoline derivatives had effective activities as radical scavengers and may be considered as an effective source for combating oxidative damage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 171–178, 2005
Bis(tetra‐n‐butylammonium) (μ‐N,N′‐Diselenium dinitride)bis[tribromopalladate(II)].
Authors: Aucott Stephen M. , Dale Sophie H. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Holmes Kathryn E. , James Sarah L. M. , Kelly Paul F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrapotassium Dicarbonatodioxoperoxouranium(VI) 2.5‐Hydrate, K4 [U(CO3)2O2(O2)] ×2.5H2O.
Authors: Zehnder Ralph A. , Peper Shane M. , Scott Brian L. , Runde Wolfgang H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Surprisingly Large Thermal Hysteresis Loop in a Reversible Phase Transition of RbxMn [Fe(CN)6](x+2)/3×zH2O.
Authors: Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Matsuda Tomoyuki , Tokoro Hiroko , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aerobic Oxidation of Formaldehyde Mediated by a Ce‐Containing Polyoxometalate under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Kholdeeva Oxana A. , Timofeeva Maria N. , Maksimov Gennadii M. , Maksimovskaya Raisa I. , Neiwert Wade A. , Hill Craig L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Noncentrosymmetric Vanadates Sr9Ln(VO4)7 (Ln: Tm, Yb, and Lu): Synthesis, Structure Analysis, and Characterization.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Takano Mikio , Boguslavsky Mikhail V. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Lazoryak Bogdan I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Controlled Aggregation of Heterometallic Nanoscale Cu12Ln6 Clusters (Ln: GdIII or NdIII) into 2D Coordination Polymers.
Authors: He Feng , Tong Ming‐Liang , Yu Xiao‐Lan , Chen Xiao‐Ming 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Synthesis of Amides and γ‐Lactones Based on the Conjugate Addition of Lithium Enolate of Amides to 1‐Chlorovinyl p‐Tolyl Sulfoxides.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Kamide Yuhki , Sugiyama Shimpei 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Tandem Double Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminations: Synthesis of Dipyrido[1,2‐a:3′,2′‐d]imidazole and Its Benzo‐ and Aza‐analogues.
Authors: Loones Kristof T. J. , Maes Bert U. M. , Dommisse Roger A. , Lemiere Guy L. F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Michael Adducts‐Synthons for Pyrazolidinediones, Isoxazolidinediones, Pyrimidinetriones, and Thioxopyrimidinediones.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Subbaiah D. R. C. Venkata , Sarma M. Rajagopala , Balaiah A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Enantiopure Norbornane Ligands Bearing Both (2S,3S)‐Bis(phosphinomethyl) and 7‐syn‐Oxygen Functional Groups and an Application to Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Morimoto Toshiaki , Yamazaki Akira , Achiwa Kazuo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)silyl Triflate: Synthesis and Silylation of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Organic Compounds with a System SF4—HF—Halogenating Agent. Part 15. Reactions of Aliphatic Nitriles with SF4—HF—Cl2(S2Cl2).
Authors: Kunshenko B. V. , Motornaya L. V. , Yagupol'skii L. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular [4 + 3] Cycloaddition Route to Polycyclic Systems that Contain a Seven‐Membered Ring.
Authors: Prie Gildas , Prevost Natacha , Twin Heather , Fernandes Stephanie A. , Hayes Jerome F. , Shipman Michael 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of Enantiopure C2‐Symmetrical Vicinal Diamines by Reductive Homocoupling of Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Imines.
Authors: Zhong Yu‐Wu , Izumi Kenji , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Activation of Zinc: Application of the Blaise Reaction to an Expedient Synthesis of a Statin Intermediate.
Authors: Shin Hyunik , Choi Bo Seung , Lee Ki Kon , Choi Hyeong‐wook , Chang Jay Hyok , Lee Kyu Woong , Nam Do Hyun , Kim No‐Soo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction of Unactivated Aryl Chlorides Using Benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands.
Authors: Oezdemir Ismail , Goek Yetkin , Guerbuez Nevin , Cetinkaya Engin , Cetinkaya Bekir 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkynylation of N‐Tosylimines with Aryl Acetylenes Promoted by ZnBr2 and N,N‐Diisopropylethylamine in Acetonitrile.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Lee Chang Gon , Na Jeong Eun , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Stereochemistry of N‐Phenyl‐N‐9‐triptycylhydroxylamine Derivatives and Related Compounds.
Authors: Agawa Chiharu , Otsuka Keiko , Minoura Mao , Mazaki Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Gaku 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Aryl‐N‐tosylazetidines as Formal 1,4‐Dipoles for [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions with Nitriles: An Easy Access to tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Prasad B. A. Bhanu , Bisai Alakesh , Singh Vinod K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Fluorine Containing 3‐Cyano/Ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐benzo[b]furans.
Authors: RamaRao V. V. V. N. S. , Reddy G. Venkat , Maitraie D. , Ravikanth S. , Yadla R. , Narsaiah B. , Rao P. Shanthan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Manipulation of N,O‐Nucleophilicity: Efficient Formation of 4‐N‐Substituted 2,4‐Dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazolin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Huang Xianhai , Palani Anandan , Xiao Dong , Aslanian Robert , Shih Neng‐Yang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyridinium N‐2′‐Pyridylaminide: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines Through an Intramolecular Radical Process.
Authors: Sanchez Aranzazu , Nunez Araceli , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Burgos Carolina 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Derivatives of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐3‐ [2‐(5‐mercapto‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)ethyl]quinoline and 2‐[2‐(4‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐3‐quinolyl)ethyl]‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one.
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Aleksanyan I. L. , Pivazyan A. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Approach to Synthesis of 3,3‐Dialkyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Shklyaev Yu. V. , Yeltsov M. A. , Rozhkova Yu. S. , Tolstikov A. G. , Dembitsky V. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dimethoxybenzo[i]phenanthridine‐12‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives and 6H‐Dibenzo[c,h][2,6]naphthyridin‐5‐ones with Potent Topoisomerase I‐Targeting Activity and Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Ruchelman Alexander L. , Zhu Shejin , Zhou Nai , Liu Angela , Liu Leroy F. , La Voie Edmond J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Accelerated Pictet—Spengler Reactions of Tryptophan with Ketones Directed Toward the Preparation of 1,1‐Disubstituted Indole Alkaloids.
Authors: Kuo Fu‐Ming , Tseng Ming‐Chung , Yen Ya‐Hew , Chu Yen‐Ho 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Domino Cyclization/Electrocyclization/Elimination Reactions of Arylacetonitriles with N,N′‐Bis(1‐naphthyl)oxaldiimidoyl Dichlorides: Efficient Synthesis of Fluorescent 15H‐Benzo[h]benzo[6,7]indolo[3,2‐b]quinolines.
Authors: Anders Joachim T. , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.