bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scission of the poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) chain by excited‐state acridine
Authors: Tsuchiya Masahiro , Oouchi Yasuhiro , Tanaka Shuuichi , Kojima Takakazu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA photochemical reaction between acridine and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (PMCA) was studied in benzene to build a recyclable polymer photodegradation system. The illumination of acridine in the presence of PMCA with 365‐nm light induced the bleaching of acridine and the degradation of PMCA. The average molecular weight of the degraded polymer decreased rapidly for the first 30 min of the photolysis. A nonvolatile product of this reaction was found to have a 2‐methyl‐2‐propenyl end group. The efficiency of the PMCA scission by this method was 30 times as large as that of poly(methyl methacrylate). These results suggest that an efficient photochemical polymer decomposition system can be built by adding the mixing process of a little methacrylic acid into the synthetic processes of general vinyl polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1209–1212, 2005
Crosslinkable polypropylene composites made by the introduction of silane moieties
Authors: Sirisinha Kalyanee , Kawko Keskanok 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSilane‐crosslinkable polypropylene (PP) composites containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a filler have been investigated. The melt grafting of vinyl trimethoxysilane to PP with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator is demonstrated. The thermal and mechanical properties of the crosslinkable products are also discussed. The results show that two reactions, that is, silane grafting and PP degradation, take place in parallel. The extents of silane grafting and PP degradation strongly depend on the reaction temperature, grafting formulation, and amount of the filler in the systems. Increasing the DCP concentration (up to 0.05 wt %) leads to an increase in the grafting degree. However, when the concentration of radicals is over a certain degree, the dominant reaction is PP chain scission. This results in a drastic decrease in the polymer viscosity. In systems containing both silane and CaCO3, the viscosity of the polymer is higher than that of a grafted sample without CaCO3 addition; in other words, the effect of the filler on the polymer viscosity compensates for the effect caused by PP degradation. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that the crystallization starts earlier for grafted samples. The percentage of the crystallinity of grafted PP is higher than that of the pure polymer. The incorporated silane does not have a strong effect on the mobility of the PP chains, as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis. In comparison with ungrafted composites, the silane‐crosslinkable products show higher tensile stress and modulus. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1476–1483, 2005
Photothermal methods and atomic force microscopy images applied to the study of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) dense membranes
Authors: Poley L. H. , Siqueira A. P. L. , da Silva M. G. , Sanchez R. , Prioli R. , Mansanares A. M. , Vargas H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThermal and transport properties of some polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate and poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate copolymers at different concentrations (8, 14, and 22%), were studied by using photoacoustic and photothermal techniques. Mass diffusion coefficients were obtained for carbon dioxide and oxygen by using a gas analyzer. Specific heat capacity measurements were performed by monitoring temperature of the samples under white light illumination against time. Thermal diffusivities were determined by using the open photoacoustic cell configuration. The results were discussed considering the incorporation of hydroxyvalerate units in the poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) unit cell and were correlated with atomic force microscopy images of the upper surface of membranes. New information on transport properties of PHAs is provided. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1491–1497, 2005
Synthesis of polychloroprene–silica composites by sol‐gel method in the presence of modified polychloroprene containing triethoxysilyl group
Authors: Sunada Kiyoshi , Takenaka Katsuhiko , Shiomi Tomoo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTriethoxysilyl‐modified polychloroprene (CR) latex was synthesized by the emulsion copolymerization of 2‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐1,3‐butadiene with chloroprene. This latex was mixed with unmodified CR latex and tetraethoxysilane to obtain CR–silica composites by sol‐gel reaction in the latex. SEM observation showed that the silica particles in unvulcanized composites have various diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 μ m, and their size became larger with the decrease of the silica content. Vulcanized CR–silica composites showed that the tensile modulus and tear strength improved with an increase of the amount of modified CR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1545–1552, 2005
R‐sequences: Relative indicators for the rhythm of science
Authors: Liang Liming 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLike most activities in the world, scientific evolution has its own rhythm. How can this evolutionary rhythm be described and made visible? Do different fields have different rhythms, and how can they be measured? In order to answer these questions a relative indicator, called R‐sequence, was designed. This indicator is time dependent, derived from publication and citation data, but independent of the absolute number of publications, as well as the absolute number of citations, and can therefore be used in a comparison of different scientific fields, nations, institutes, or journals. Two calculation methods of the R‐sequence—the triangle method and the parallelogram method—are introduced. As a case study JASIS(T)'s R‐sequence has been obtained.
Using top‐ranking sentences to facilitate effective information access
Authors: White Ryen W. , Jose Joemon M. , Ruthven Ian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWeb searchers typically fail to view search results beyond the first page nor fully examine those results presented to them. In this article we describe an approach that encourages a deeper examination of the contents of the document set retrieved in response to a searcher's query. The approach shifts the focus of perusal and interaction away from potentially uninformative document surrogates (such as titles, sentence fragments, and URLs) to actual document content, and uses this content to drive the information seeking process. Current search interfaces assume searchers examine results document‐by‐document. In contrast our approach extracts, ranks, and presents the contents of the top‐ranked document set. We use query‐relevant top‐ranking sentences extracted from the top documents at retrieval time as fine‐grained representations of top‐ranked document content and, when combined in a ranked list, an overview of these documents. The interaction of the searcher provides implicit evidence that is used to reorder the sentences where appropriate. We evaluate our approach in three separate user studies, each applying these sentences in a different way. The findings of these studies show that top‐ranking sentences can facilitate effective information access.
Fourier transform infrared/vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy as an informative tool for the investigation of large supramolecular complexes of biological macromolecules
Authors: Polyanichko Alexander , Wieser Helmut 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA combination of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was applied to investigate the structure and formation of large supramolecular DNA–protein complexes. This combination of techniques was used to overcome limitations of UV‐CD (electronic, or ECD) spectroscopy due to considerable light scattering in such solutions. Based on the analysis of FTIR and UV‐CD spectra, the interaction of DNA with nonhistone chromatin protein HMGB1 and linker histone H1 was studied. The data obtained showed that under the conditions of the experiment (15 mM NaCl, protein/DNA ratio r < 1 w/w) the proteins did not reveal any AT or GC specificity in binding to DNA. In the presence of both proteins, mainly interactions in the DNA minor groove were observed, which were attributed to HMGB1 binding. Histone H1 facilitated binding of HMGB1 to DNA by interacting with the negatively charged groups of the sugar–phosphate backbone and binding of aspartic and glutamic amino acid residues of HMGB1. Acting together, HMGB1 and H1 stimulated the assemblage of supramolecular DNA–protein structures. The structural organization of the ternary complexes depended not only on the properties of the protein–DNA interactions but also on the interactions between HMGB1 and H1 molecules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 329–339, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Ethanol and toluene removal in a horizontal‐flow anaerobic immobilized biomass reactor in the presence of sulfate
Authors: Cattony E.B.M. , Chinalia F.A. , Ribeiro R. , Zaiat M. , Foresti E. , Varesche M.B.A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this study it is reported the operation of a horizontal‐flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor under sulfate‐reducing condition which was also exposed to different amounts of ethanol and toluene. The system was inoculated with sludge taken from up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating refuses from a poultry slaughterhouse. The HAIB reactor comprised of an immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam and ferrous and sodium sulfate solutions were used (91 and 550 mg/L, respectively), to promote a sulfate‐reducing environment. Toluene was added at an initial concentration of 2.0 mg/L followed by an increased range of different amendments (5, 7, and 9 mg/L). Ethanol was added at an initial concentration of 170 mg/L followed by an increased range of 960 mg/L. The reactor was operated at 30(±2)°C with hydraulic detention time of 12 h. Organic matter removal efficiency was close to 90% with a maximum toluene degradation rate of 0.06 mgtoluene/mgvss/d. Sulfate reduction was close to 99.9% for all‐nutritional amendments. Biofilm microscopic characterization revealed a diversity of microbial morphologies and DGGE‐profiling showed a variation of bacterial and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) populations, which were significantly associated with toluene amendments. Diversity of archaea remained unaltered during the different phases of this experiment. Thus, this study demonstrates that compact units of HAIB reactors, under sulfate reducing conditions, are a potential alternative for in situ aromatics bioremediation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observer‐based online compensation of inner filter effect in monitoring fluorescence of GFP‐expressing plant cell cultures
Authors: Su Wei Wen , Liu Bo , Lu Wei‐Bin , Xu Ning‐Shou , Du Guo‐Cheng , Tan Jing‐Lu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe green fluorescent protein (GFP) isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is a very useful reporter for real‐time bioprocess sensing. GFP culture fluorescence is a composite signal that can be influenced by factors such as culture autofluorescence, inner filter effect (IFE), and photobleaching. These factors complicate accurate estimation of GFP concentrations from the culture fluorescence. IFE is especially problematic when using GFP in monitoring transgenic plant cell suspension cultures, due to the aggregated nature of the cells and the high biomass concentration in these culture systems. Reported approaches for online compensation of IFE in monitoring culture NADH fluorescence or bioluminescence require online measurement of biomass density or culture turbidity/optical density, in addition to fluorescence/bioluminescence measurement. In this study, culture GFP fluorescence was used successfully to estimate GFP concentration and other important states in bioreactor culture of transgenic tobacco cells, while the influences of IFE and culture autofluorescence were rectified without the need for an additional biomass sensor. This was achieved by setting up a novel model‐based state observer. First, we developed an improved model for a backscatter fluorescence probe that takes into account the influence of IFE and autofluorescence on reporting culture GFP concentration from online fluorescence. The state observer was then established using the extended Kalman filter (EKF), based on the fluorescence probe model, a dynamic state model of the plant cell bioreactor, and online GFP fluorescence measurement. Several versions of the observer were introduced to address practical requirements associated with monitoring GFP fluorescence of plant cell cultures. The proposed approach offers an effective means for online compensation of IFE to enable quantitative interpretation of the culture fluorescence signals for accurate reporting of GFP or GFP‐fusion protein expression. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast-track surgery (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 3–4)
Authors: Rusby J E , Welch C M M , Lamparelli M J 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Systematic review of prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal operations
Authors: Nelson R , Tse B , Edwards S 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundRoutine use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal operations is intended to hasten the return of bowel function, prevent pulmonary complications, diminish the risk of anastomotic leakage, increase patient comfort and shorten hospital stay. This meta-analysis of published studies examines the efficacy of this practice after abdominal surgery in achieving each of these goals.MethodSearch terms were ‘nasogastric, tubes, randomized’, using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and references from included studies. Eligible studies included patients having abdominal operations of any type, emergency or elective, who were randomized before completion of the operation to receive a nasogastric tube and keep it in place until intestinal function had returned or to selective use of a tube with early removal.ResultsTwenty-eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These included 4194 patients, 2108 randomized to routine tube and 2087 randomized to selective or no tube. Those not having a nasogastric tube routinely inserted experienced an earlier return of bowel function (P &lt; 0·001), a marginal decrease in pulmonary complications (P = 0·07), and a marginal increase in wound infection (P = 0·08) and ventral hernia (P = 0·09). Anastomotic leakage was similar in the two groups (P = 0·70).ConclusionRoutine nasogastric decompression does not accomplish any of its intended goals and so should be abandoned in favour of selective use of the nasogastric tube.
SPR Studies of Carbohydrate–Protein Interactions: Signal Enhancement of Low‐Molecular‐Mass Analytes by Organoplatinum(II)‐Labeling
Authors: Beccati Daniela , Halkes Koen M. , Batema Guido D. , Guillena Gabriela , Carvalho de Souza Adriana , van Koten Gerard , Kamerling Johannis P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe relatively insensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal detection of low‐molecular‐mass analytes that bind with weak affinity to a protein—for example, carbohydrate–lectin binding—is hampering the use of biosensors in interaction studies. In this investigation, low‐molecular‐mass carbohydrates have been labeled with an organoplatinum(II) complex of the type [PtCl(NCNR)]. The attachment of this complex increased the SPR response tremendously and allowed the detection of binding events between monosaccharides and lectins at very low analyte concentrations. The platinum atom inside the organoplatinum(II) complex was shown to be essential for the SPR‐signal enhancement. The organoplatinum(II) complex did not influence the specificity of the biological interaction, but both the signal enhancement and the different binding character of labeled compounds when compared with unlabeled ones makes the method unsuitable for the direct calculation of biologically relevant kinetic parameters. However, the labeling procedure is expected to be of high relevance for qualitative binding studies and relative affinity ranking of small molecules (not restricted only to carbohydrates) to receptors, a process of immense interest in pharmaceutical research.
Quater‐, Quinque‐, and Sexithiophene Organogelators: Unique Thermochromism and Heating‐Free Sol–Gel Phase Transition
Authors: Kawano Shin‐ichiro , Fujita Norifumi , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA series of quater‐, quinque‐, and sexithiophene derivatives bearing two cholesteryl groups at the α‐position, which are abbreviated as 4 T‐(chol)2, 5 T‐(chol)2, and 6 T‐(chol)2, respectively, have been synthesized. It has been found that these oligothiophene derivatives act as excellent organogelators for various organic fluids and show the unique thermochromic behaviors through the sol–gel phase transition. It was shown on the basis of extensive investigations, performed with UV‐visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), that these gelators self‐assemble into the one‐dimensional structures in the organogels, in which the π‐block moieties of the oligothiophenes are stacked in an H‐aggregation mode. Surprisingly, an AFM image shows that 4 T‐(chol)2 forms unimolecular fibers in a left‐handed helical sense, whereby one pitch of the helical fiber is constructed by 400–540 4 T‐(chol)2 molecules. Very interestingly, the conformational change in the oligothiophene moieties can be visually detected: for example, 6 T‐(chol)2 shows a specific absorption maximum in the gel (λmax=389 nm) and in the solution (λmax=439 nm). In addition, a sol–gel phase transition of the 6 T‐(chol)2 gel was implemented by addition of oxidizing and reducing reagents such as FeCl3 and ascorbic acid, respectively. The stimuli‐responsive functionality of the oligothiophene‐based organogels makes them promising candidates for switchable opto‐ and electronic soft materials.
Gaseous HgH2, CdH2, and ZnH2
Authors: Shayesteh Alireza , Yu Shanshan , Bernath Peter F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGaseous HgH2, CdH2, and ZnH2 molecules were synthesized by the direct gas‐phase reaction of excited mercury, cadmium, and zinc atoms with molecular hydrogen. The molecules were identified by their high‐resolution infrared emission spectra, and the metal–hydrogen bond lengths were determined from the rotational analysis of the antisymmetric stretching fundamental bands.
Preparation of Nanosized Spinel Stannate, Zn2SnO4, from a Hydroxide Precursor.
Authors: Stambolova I. , Toneva A. , Blaskov V. , Radev D. , Tsvetanova Ya. , Vassilev S. , Peshev P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of K3Na5 (H2NCH2CH2NH3)2{ (VO)12O6 [B3O6(OH)] 6}(H2O)×12H2O.
Authors: Lu Bin , Wang Hong , Zhang Li , Dai Cheng‐Yong , Cai Qing‐Hai , Shan Yong‐Kui 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies with Functionally Substituted Enamines: Synthesis of New Aminoazolo‐pyrimidines and ‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: Ghozlan Said Ahmed Soliman , Abdelhamid Ismail Abdelshafy , Gaber Hatem , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Class of Organic Donor—Acceptor Molecules with Large Third‐Order Optical Nonlinearities.
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , May Joshua C. , Lim Jin H. , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Seiler Paul , Gross Maurice , Biaggio Ivan , Diederich Francois 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cinchona Alkaloid/Sulfinyl Chloride Combinations. Enantioselective Sulfinylating Agents of Alcohols.
Authors: Shibata Norio , Matsunaga Mitsuharu , Nakagawa Masaya , Fukuzumi Takeo , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Graphite/Methanesulfonic Acid (GMA) as a New Reagent for Sulfonylation of Phenols and Thia‐Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Sulfonates to Sulfonylphenols.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Shahsavari‐Fard Zahra 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐(o‐Aminoaryl)indole Derivatives via the Coupling‐Cyclization of o‐Alkynylanilines with o‐Halotrifluoroacetanilides in the Presence of a Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Cacchi Sandro , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Marinelli Fabio , Parisi Luca M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Catalytic Asymmetric Bioorganic Route to Enantioenriched Tetrahydro‐ and Dihydropyranones.
Authors: Baker‐Glenn Charles , Hodnett Neil , Reiter Maud , Ropp Sandrine , Ancliff Rachael , Gouverneur Veronique 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Pd‐Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling Reaction of N‐Aryl‐2‐triflyloxybenzamides Using Pd(OAc)2, 1,3‐Bis[diphenylphosphino]propane, Bu3P, and DBU.
Authors: Nishioka Hiromi , Shoujiguchi Yoshimi , Abe Hitoshi , Takeuchi Yasuo , Harayama Takashi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Substituted 5‐[4‐[2‐(6,7‐Dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐oxo‐4‐quinoxalinyl)ethoxy] phenyl]methylenethiazolidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives as Potent Euglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents.
Authors: Gupta Dipti , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Formation of anti‐Bredt′s Compounds from the Reaction of 1‐Aroyl‐2‐aryl‐3a,6a‐diazapentalenes with Acetylene‐Dicarboxylates.
Authors: Iida Hirokazu , Uekusa Hidehiro , Ohashi Yuji , Hamana Hiroshi , Machiguchi Takahisa , Matsumoto Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acylation of 6,7,8,9‐Tetrahydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]azepin‐3‐ylacetonitrile.
Authors: Makei A. P. , Volovenko Yu. M. , Nazarenko K. G. , Tolmachev A. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
6′‐Methylpyrido[3,4‐b]norhomotropane: Synthesis and Outstanding Potency in Relation to the α4β2 Nicotinic Receptor Pharmacophore Model.
Authors: Kanne David B. , Tomizawa Motohiro , Durkin Kathleen A. , Casida John E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
DDQ‐Mediated Regioselective de‐O‐Benzylation of Pyranosides Stilted by a 4,6‐O‐(2‐Phenylsulfonyl)ethylidene (PSE) Clip.
Authors: Cabianca E. , Tatibouet A. , Rollin P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Elysiapyrones from Elysia diomedea. Do Such Metabolites Evidence an Enzymatically Assisted Electrocyclization Cascade for the Biosynthesis of Their Bicyclo[4.2.0]octane Core?
Authors: Cueto Mercedes , D'Croz Luis , Mate Juan L. , San‐Martin Aurelio , Darias Jose 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.