bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoperfusion without stroke alters motor activation in the opposite hemisphere
Authors: Krakauer John W. , Radoeva Petya D. , Zarahn Eric , Wydra Jennifer , Lazar Ronald M. , Hirsch Joy , Marshall Randolph S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo specifically investigate the effect that large‐vessel disease may have on cortical reorganization, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study patients with unilateral hemispheric hypoperfusion and impaired vasomotor reactivity from critical internal carotid or middle cerebral artery disease but without stroke. We hypothesized that when these patients used the hand contralateral to the hypoperfused hemisphere they would show unique activation in motor‐related areas of the normally perfused hemisphere, that is, ipsilateral activation. We found that normal performance of two motor tasks was associated with increased ipsilateral hemispheric activation in the patients compared with age‐matched controls. In addition, although task difficulty had an effect on ipsilateral activation, the increased ipsilateral activation seen in patients was not dependent on task difficulty. Our findings demonstrate that hemodynamic compromise alone is sufficient to cause atypical ipsilateral activation. This activation may serve to maintain normal motor performance. Ann Neurol 2004
Verbal selective learning after traumatic brain injury in children
Authors: Hanten Gerri , Chapman Sandra B. , Gamino Jacquelyn F. , Zhang Lifang , Benton Shelley Black , Stallings‐Roberson Garland , Hunter Jill V. , Levin Harvey S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSelective learning (SL), the ability to select items to learn from among other items, engages cognitive control, which is purportedly mediated by the frontal cortex and its circuitry. Using incentive‐based auditory word recall and expository discourse tasks, we studied the efficiency of SL in children ages 6 to 16 years who had sustained severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least 1 year earlier. We hypothesized that SL would be compromised by severe TBI. Results indicated that children with severe TBI performed significantly worse than age‐matched typically developing children on word‐ and discourse‐level measures of SL efficiency with no significant group differences in number of items recalled from auditory word lists or declarative facts. We conclude that severe TBI disrupts incentive‐based cognitive control processes, possibly due to involvement of frontal neural networks. Ann Neurol 2004; 56: 847–853
AD lesions and infarcts in demented and non‐demented Japanese‐American men
Authors: Petrovitch Helen , Ross G. Webster , Steinhorn Sandra C. , Abbott Robert D. , Markesbery William , Davis Daron , Nelson James , Hardman John , Masaki Kamal , Vogt Margaret R. , Launer Lenore , White Lon R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNeocortical neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are hallmark neuropathological lesions of dementia. Concomitant cerebrovascular lesions increase dementia severity in patients meeting neuropathological criteria for Alzheimer's disease and contribute to cognitive impairment in persons with mild entorhinal Alzheimer lesions. This study investigates whether individuals with sparse neocortical neuritic plaques experience increased odds of crossing the threshold to clinical dementia when they have coexistent cerebrovascular lesions. Dementia examinations were given to 3,734 men during the 1991–1993 Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study examination and to 2,603 men during the 1994–1996 examination. Lesion quantification was done without clinical data. Among 333 autopsied men, 120 had dementia, 115 had marginal results, and 98 had normal cognition. In men with neurofibrillary tangles, dementia frequency increased with increasing neuritic plaque density, and increased further in the presence of cerebrovascular lesions. The association was strongest in men with sparse neuritic plaques (1–3/mm2) where dementia frequency more than doubled with coexistent cerebrovascular lesions (45 vs 20%). Among all dementia cases, 24% were linked to cerebrovascular lesions. Findings suggest cerebrovascular lesions are associated with a marked excess of dementia in cases with low neuritic plaque frequency. Prevention of cerebrovascular lesions may be critically important in preserving late‐life cognitive function. Ann Neurol 2005
High tumor necrosis factor‐α in levels in cerebrospinal fluid of cobalamin‐deficient patients
Authors: Scalabrino Giuseppe , Carpo Marinella , Bamonti Fabrizia , Pizzinelli Simona , D'Avino Carla , Bresolin Nereo , Meucci Giuseppe , Martinelli Vittorio , Comi Gian Carlo , Peracchi Maddalena 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe studied 14 patients with neurological manifestations of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) and 40 control patients not cobalamin (Cbl)‐deficient. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of Cbl deficiency (Cbl and total homocysteine [tHCYS] levels) and the CSF levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were measured. Significantly higher levels of tHCYS and TNF‐α, and significantly lower levels of Cbl and EGF were found in the SCD patients. In human CSF, as in human serum and the rat central nervous system, decreased Cbl concentrations are concomitant with an increase in TNF‐α and a decrease in EGF‐levels. Ann Neurol 2004;56:886–890An Erratum has been published for this article in Ann Neurol 57: 304, 2005.
Selective loss of regulatory T cells in thymomas
Authors: Ströbel Philipp , Rosenwald Andreas , Beyersdorf Niklas , Kerkau Thomas , Elert Olaf , Murumägi Astrid , Sillanpää Niko , Peterson Pärt , Hummel Vera , Rieckmann Peter , Burek Christof , Schalke Berthold , Nix Wilfred , Kiefer Reinhard , Müller‐Hermelink Hans Konrad , Marx Alexander 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is the prime autoimmune manifestation of thymomas. We investigated the generation of T cells with a regulatory phenotype (TR) in thymomas with and without associated MG. In patients with MG(+) thymomas, maturation and export of TR cells but not of other T‐cell subsets was significantly reduced. We conclude that imbalance between effector and regulatory T cells in thymomas may be involved in modulation of onset and/or severity of MG. Ann Neurol 2004;56:901–904
Discrete Metal‐Based Catalysts for the Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides: Discovery, Reactivity, Optimization, and Mechanism
Authors: Coates Geoffrey W. , Moore David R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMost synthetic polymers are made from petroleum feedstocks. Given the non‐renewable nature of these materials, there is increasing interest in developing routes to polymeric materials from renewable resources. In addition, there is a growing demand for biodegradable polymeric materials. Polycarbonates made from CO2 and epoxides have the potential to meet these goals. Since the discovery of catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides in the late 1960's by Inoue, a significant amount of research has been directed toward the development of catalysts of improved activity and selectivity. Reviewed here are well‐defined catalysts for epoxide–CO2 copolymerization and related reactions.
Arsenic uptake by the Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesie)
Authors: Haug Corinne M. , Reimer Kenneth J. , Cullen William R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesie) growing in an arsenic‐rich gold‐bearing region contains elevated arsenic concentrations in new‐growth stems (374 ppm dry weight (dw)) and needles (257 ppm dw). Speciation of methanol–water extracts by using high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry show that arsenite is the major species in needles but arsenate is more dominant in stems. Only traces of methylarsenicals are present. Arsenic concentrations in other tree species growing in the region are generally much lower; dimethylarsinate was extracted from a spruce cone. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speciation of organotin compounds in NaCl aqueous solution: interaction of mono‐, di‐ and tri‐organotin(IV) cations with nucleotide 5′ monophosphates
Authors: De Stefano Concetta , Gianguzza Antonio , Giuffrè Ottavia , Piazzese Daniela , Orecchio Santino , Sammartano Silvio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFormation constants for complex species of mono‐, di‐ tri‐alkyltin(IV) cations with some nucleotide 5′‐monophosphates (AMP, UMP, IMP GMP) are reported, at T = 25 °C at I = 0.16 mol l−1 (NaCl). The investigation was performed in the light of speciation of organometallic compounds in natural fluids in the presence of nucleotides whose biological importance is well recognized. The simple mixed hydrolytic complex species formed in all the systems investigated in the pH range 3–9 are (L = nucleotide; M = organotin cation Rx Sn(4−x)+, with x = 1 to 3): ML+, ML(OH)0 ML(OH)2− for the system CH3Sn3+–L (L = AMP, IMP, UMP); ML0 ML(OH)− for the system (C2H5)2Sn2+–L (L = AMP, IMP, UMP); ML−, ML(OH)2−, MLH0 M2L(OH)− for the system (C2H5)3Sn+–L (L = AMP); ML, ML(OH)2− M2L0 for the system (C2H5)3Sn+–L (L = IMP, UMP). As expected, owing to the strong tendency of organotin(IV) cations to hydrolysis in aqueous solution, the main species formed in the pH range of interest of natural fluids are the mixed hydrolytic ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical properties and biodegradability of crosslinked soy protein isolate/waterborne polyurethane composites
Authors: Wang Niangui , Zhang Lina , Gu Jiaming 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWith anionic waterborne polyurethane (WPU) as a plasticizer and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) as a crosslinker, we successfully prepared crosslinked soy protein isolate (SPI) plastics. Anionic WPU was mixed with SPI and EGDE in an aqueous dispersion at room temperature. The mixed aqueous dispersion was cast and cured, and the obtained material was pickled and hot‐pressed to produce the crosslinked SPI/WPU sheets. The resulting sheets containing about 60 wt % SPI were characterized with infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile testing, and biodegradation testing of the sheets was performed in a mineral salt medium containing microorganisms. The results revealed that the crosslinked SPI/WPU plastics with EGDE concentrations of 2–4 wt % possessed high miscibility, good mechanical properties, and water resistivity. In addition, the crosslinked sheets could be biodegraded, and the half‐life of the biodegradation for a sheet crosslinked with 3 wt % EGDE was calculated to be less than 1 month. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 465–473, 2005
Effect of selected boroorganic compounds on thermal and heat properties of rigid polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams
Authors: Czupryński Bogusław , Liszkowska Joanna , Paciorek‐Sadowska Joanna 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe effect of selected borates [i.e., tri(hydroxypropyl) borate (BTHP), tri[(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propoxy)propyl] borate (BTClHPP), and tri[(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy‐1‐propoxy)‐1‐methylethyl] borate (BTClHPME)] on the heat and thermal properties of the rigid polyurethane–polyisocyanurate foams was investigated. Increasing amounts of BTHP and BTClHPP in the foam composition, from 0.1 to 0.4 of chemical equivalent, caused increases in the softening point, the temperature of the first decrement of foam mass, the extrapolated temperature of the main decrement of the foam mass, and temperature of the highest rate of the mass decrement. In the case when BTClHPME was added to the foam compositions, the softening point decreased but temperatures characterizing their thermal resistance were higher compared to that of standard foam. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 400–403, 2005
Hyperauthorship: A postmodern perversion or evidence of a structural shift in scholarly communication practices?
Authors: Cronin Blaise 
Published: November 2004

AbstractClassical assumptions about the nature and ethical entailments of authorship (the standard model) are being challenged by developments in scientific collaboration and multiple authorship. In the biomedical research community, multiple authorship has increased to such an extent that the trustworthiness of the scientific communication system has been called into question. Documented abuses, such as honorific authorship, have serious implications in terms of the acknowledgment of authority, allocation of credit, and assigning of accountability. Within the biomedical world it has been proposed that authors be replaced by lists of contributors (the radical model), whose specific inputs to a given study would be recorded unambiguously. The wider implications of the ‘hyperauthorship’ phenomenon for scholarly publication are considered.
User preferences in the classification of electronic bookmarks: Implications for a shared system
Authors: Gottlieb Lisa , Dilevko Juris 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing the financial industry as a context, the following study seeks to address the issue of the classification of electronic bookmarks in a multi‐user system by investigating what factors influence how individuals develop categories for bookmarks and how they choose to classify bookmarks within those organizational categories. An experiment was conducted in which a sample of 15 participants was asked to bookmark and to categorize 60 web sites within Internet Browser folders of their own creation. Based on the data collected during this first component of the study, individual, customized questionnaires were composed for each participant. Whereas some of the questions within these surveys focused on particular classificatory decisions regarding specific bookmarks, others looked at how the participant defined, utilized, and structured the category folders that comprised his or her classification system. The results presented in this paper focus on issues investigated in Kwasnik's (Journal of Documentation, 1991, 47, 389–398) study of the factors that inform how individuals organize their personal, paper‐based documents in office environments. Whereas classificatory attributes culled from questionnaire responses nominally resembled those identified by Kwasnik, it was found that a number of these factors assumed distinctive definitions in the electronic environment. The present study suggests that the application of individual instances of classificatory attributes and the distinction between Content and Context Attributes emphasized by Kwasnik play a minimal role in the development of a multi‐user classification system for bookmarks.
Chinese document indexing based on a new partitioned signature file: Model and evaluation
Authors: Lam Wai , Wong Kam‐Fai , Wong Chi‐Yin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this article we investigate the use of signature files in Chinese information retrieval system and propose a new partitioning method for Chinese signature file based on the characteristic of Chinese words. Our partitioning method, called Partitioned Signature File for Chinese (PSFC), offers faster search efficiency than the traditional single signature file approach. We devise a general scheme for controlling the trade‐off between the false drop and storage overhead while maintaining the search space reduction in PSFC. An analytical study is presented to support the claims of our method. We also propose two new hashing methods for Chinese signature files so that the signature file will be more suitable for dynamic environment while the retrieval performance is maintained. Furthermore, we have implemented PSFC and the new hashing methods, and we evaluated them using a large‐scale real‐world Chinese document corpus, namely, the TREC‐5 (Text REtrieval Conference) Chinese collection. The experimental results confirm the features of PSFC and demonstrate its superiority over the traditional single signature file method.
Quality control of Harpagophytum procumbens and its related phytopharmaceutical products by means of NIR‐FT‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Baranska M. , Schulz H. , Siuda R. , Strehle M. A. , Rösch P. , Popp J. , Joubert E. , Manley M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNIR‐FT‐Raman spectroscopy was used for identification and quantification of harpagoside in secondary roots of Harpagophytum procumbens as well as in related phytopharmaceutical products, e.g., ethanolic extracts and tablets. Applied Raman mappings reveal the spatial distribution of this valuable iridoid glycoside within the different samples. The same technique can be used for quality control purposes beginning from the plant to its final products. Based on the obtained spectral data and reference HPLC values of harpagoside, a reliable multivariate calibration model was developed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005
O‐acylation of hydroxyproline residues: Effect on peptide‐bond isomerization and collagen stability
Authors: Jenkins Cara L. , McCloskey Alexander I. , Guzei Ilia A. , Eberhardt Eric S. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn collagen, strands of the sequence XaaYaaGly form a triple‐helical structure. The Yaa residue is often (2S,4R)‐4‐hydroxyproline (Hyp). The inductive effect of the hydroxyl group of Hyp residues greatly increases collagen stability. Here, electron withdrawal by the hydroxyl group in Hyp and its 4S diastereomer (hyp) is increased by the addition of an acetyl group or trifluoroacetyl group. The crystalline structures of AcHyp[C(O)CH3]OMe and Achyp[C(O)CH3]OMe are similar to those of AcHypOMe and AcProOMe, respectively. The O‐acylation of AcHypOMe and AchypOMe increases the 13C chemical shift of its Cγ atom: AcHyp[C(O)CF3]OMe ≅ Achyp[C(O)CF3]OMe > AcHyp[C(O)CH3]OMe ≅ Achyp[C(O)CH3]OMe ≥ AcHypOMe ≅ AchypOMe. This increased inductive effect is not apparent in the thermodynamics or kinetics of amide bond isomerization. Despite apparently unfavorable steric interactions, (ProHypGly)10, which is O‐acylated with 10 acetyl groups, forms a triple helix that has intermediate stability: (ProHypGly)10 > {ProHyp[C(O)CH3]Gly}10 ≫ (ProProGly)10. Thus, the benefit to collagen stability endowed by the hydroxyl group of Hyp residues is largely retained by an acetoxyl group. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2005
Alkylation of Alkenes: Ethylaluminum Sesquichloride‐Mediated Hydro‐Alkyl Additions with Alkyl Chloroformates and Di‐tert‐butylpyrocarbonate.
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Metzger Juergen O. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Primary 1‐(Aryl)alkylamines by Nucleophilic 1,2‐Addition of Organolithium Reagents to Hydroxyoxime Ethers and Application to Asymmetric Synthesis of G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Atobe Masakazu , Yamazaki Naoki , Kibayashi Chihiro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Aspects of the Reaction of 3‐(Benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐imino‐coumarins with Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Gorobets N. Yu. , Abakumov V. V. , Borisov A. V. , Nikitchenko V. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Step Synthesis of Shelled PbS Nanoparticles in a Layered Double Hydroxide Matrix.
Authors: Lukashin Alexey V. , Eliseev Andrei A. , Zhuravleva Natalya G. , Vertegel Alexey A. , Tretyakov Yuri D. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organization of hypocretin/orexin efferents to locus coeruleus and basal forebrain arousal‐related structures
Authors: España Rodrigo A. , Reis Kate M. , Valentino Rita J. , Berridge Craig W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHypocretin/orexin neurons give rise to an extensive projection system, portions of which innervate multiple regions associated with the regulation of behavioral state. These regions include the locus coeruleus, medial septal area, medial preoptic area, and substantia innominata. Evidence indicates that hypocretin modulates behavioral state via actions within each of these terminal fields. To understand better the circuitry underlying hypocretin‐dependent modulation of behavioral state, the present study characterized the degree to which there exists: 1) lateralization of hypocretin efferents to basal forebrain and brainstem arousal‐related regions, 2) topographic organization of basal forebrain‐ and brainstem‐projecting hypocretin neurons, and 3) collateralization of individual hypocretin neurons to these arousal‐related terminal fields. These studies utilized combined immunohistochemical identification of hypocretin neurons with single or double retrograde tracing from the locus coeruleus, medial preoptic area, medial septal area, and substantia innominata. Results indicate that approximately 80% of hypocretin efferents to basal forebrain regions project ipsilaterally, whereas projections to the locus coeruleus are more bilateral (65%). There was a slight preference for basal forebrain‐projecting hypocretin neurons to be distributed within the medial half of the hypocretin cell group. In contrast, hypocretin neurons projecting to the locus coeruleus were located primarily within the dorsal half of the hypocretin cell group. Finally, a large proportion of hypocretin neurons appear to project simultaneously to at least two of the examined terminal fields. These latter observations suggest coordinated actions of hypocretin across multiple arousal‐related regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:160–178, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary conservation of the egr‐1 immediate‐early gene response in a teleost
Authors: Burmeister Sabrina S. , Fernald Russell D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractImmediate‐early gene expression is a key part of a neuron's response to behaviorally relevant stimuli and, as a result, localization of immediate‐early gene expression can be a useful marker for neural activity. We characterized the immediate‐early gene egr‐1 (also called zif268, NGFI‐A, krox‐24, ZENK) in the teleost Astatotilapia (Haplochromis) burtoni. We compared the A. burtoni egr‐1 predicted protein sequence to that of other vertebrates, characterized its gene expression time course, and localized its induced expression throughout the brain. The A. burtoni egr‐1 predicted protein shared putative functional domains with egr‐1 of other vertebrates and shared 81% sequence similarity with zebrafish and 66% with mouse. We identified distinct mammalian and teleost inserts rich in serine residues within one activation domain, suggesting convergent responses to selection pressures to increase the number of serine residues in this region. Functionally, we found that A. burtoni egr‐1 gene expression peaked near 30 minutes after pharmacological stimulation and thereby displayed the transient expression above basal levels characteristic of egr‐1 expression in birds and mammals. Finally, we observed distinct patterns of egr‐1 gene induction in the brain by natural and pharmacological stimuli. Unstimulated males had very low expression levels of egr‐1, whereas males stimulated by their normal environment showed higher levels of expression specific to particular brain regions. Males injected with a glutamate receptor agonist also had region‐specific induction of egr‐1 expression. We conclude that the egr‐1 immediate‐early gene response is evolutionarily conserved and will, therefore, be useful for identifying functional neural responses in nontraditional model species. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:220–232, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.