bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
14-3-3 $$\upzeta /\updelta$$-reported early synaptic injury in Alzheimer’s disease is independently mediated by sTREM2
Authors: Woo Marcel S. , Nilsson Johanna , Therriault Joseph , Rahmouni Nesrine , Brinkmalm Ann , Benedet Andrea L. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Macedo Arthur C. , Servaes Stijn , Wang Yi-Ting , Tissot Cécile , Arias Jaime Fernandez , Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Chamoun Mira , Lussier Firoza Z. , Karikari Thomas K. , Stevenson Jenna , Mayer Christina , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Kobayashi Eliane , Massarweh Gassan , Friese Manuel A. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Gauthier Serge , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Synaptic loss is closely associated with tau aggregation and microglia activation in later stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, synaptic damage happens early in AD at the very early stages of tau accumulation. It remains unclear whether microglia activation independently causes synaptic cleavage before tau aggregation appears.

Methods
We investigated 104 participants across the AD continuum by measuring 14-3-3 zeta/delta ($$\upzeta /\updelta$$

ζ
/
δ

) as a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for synaptic degradation, and fluid and imaging biomarkers of tau, amyloidosis, astrogliosis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. We performed correlation analyses in cognitively unimpaired and impaired participants and used structural equation models to estimate the impact of microglia activation on synaptic injury in different disease stages.

Results
14-3-3 $$\upzeta /\updelta$$

ζ
/
δ

was increased in participants with amyloid pathology at the early stages of tau aggregation before hippocampal volume loss was detectable. 14-3-3 $$\upzeta /\updelta$$

ζ
/
δ

correlated with amyloidosis and tau load in all participants but only with biomarkers of neurodegeneration and memory deficits in cognitively unimpaired participants. This early synaptic damage was independently mediated by sTREM2. At later disease stages, tau and astrogliosis additionally mediated synaptic loss.

Conclusions
Our results advertise that sTREM2 is mediating synaptic injury at the early stages of tau accumulation, underlining the importance of microglia activation for AD disease propagation.
Discontinuation of antidepressant treatment: a retrospective cohort study on more than 20,000 participants
Authors: Garcia-Marin Luis M. , Mulcahy Aoibhe , Byrne Enda M. , Medland Sarah E. , Wray Naomi R. , Chafota Freddy , Lind Penelope A. , Martin Nicholas G. , Hickie Ian B. , Rentería Miguel E. , Campos Adrian I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Factors influencing antidepressant treatment discontinuation are poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of antidepressant treatment discontinuation and identify demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidities, and specific side effects associated with treatment discontinuation.

Methods
We leveraged data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (AGDS; N = 20,941) to perform a retrospective cohort study on antidepressant treatment discontinuation. Participants were eligible if they were over 18 years of age, had taken antidepressants in the past 4 years, and provided informed consent.

Results
Among the ten antidepressants studied, the highest discontinuation rates were observed for Mirtazapine (57.3%) and Amitriptyline (51.6%). Discontinuation rates were comparable across sexes except for Mirtazapine, for which women were more likely to discontinue. The two most common side effects, reduced sexual function and weight gain, were not associated with increased odds of treatment discontinuation. Anxiety, agitation, suicidal thoughts, vomiting, and rashes were associated with higher odds for treatment discontinuation, as were lifetime diagnoses of PTSD, ADHD, and a higher neuroticism score. Educational attainment showed a negative (protective) association with discontinuation across medications.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that not all side effects contribute equally to discontinuation. Common side effects such as reduced sexual function and weight gain may not necessarily increase the risk of treatment discontinuation. Side effects linked to discontinuation can be divided into two groups, psychopathology related and allergy/intolerance.
Admitting the heterogeneity of social inequalities: intersectionality as a (self-)critical framework and tool within mental health care
Authors: Funer Florian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInequities shape the everyday experiences and life chances of individuals at the margins of societies and are often associated with lower health and particular challenges in accessing quality treatment and support. This fact is even more dramatic for those individuals who live at the nexus of different marginalized groups and thus may face multiple discrimination, stigma, and oppression. To address these multiple social and structural disadvantages, intersectional approaches have recently gained a foothold, especially in the public health field. This study makes an empirically informed argument for the merits of increasing the use of intersectional frameworks in the mental health field. In the mental health field, the potential for greater attention to multiple unjustified disadvantages appears to be of particular importance, as many mental health service users already face stigma and discrimination because of their mental health issues and thus may benefit particularly frequently and far-reachingly from effective problem awareness about multiple disadvantages. Intersectional approaches may help address the complexity, interdependence, and mutual constitution of social inequalities better than previous approaches that examined only one category of sociostructural stratification. By helping to identify the needs of those at the greatest risk of poor health, intersectional frameworks and tools can contribute not only to better address the needs of multiple disadvantaged individuals with mental health issues but also to the promotion of equity in the field of mental health, contributing to the reduction of health disparities.
Prehospital and emergency department airway management of severe penetrating trauma in Sweden during the past decade
Authors: Renberg Mattias , Dahlberg Martin , Gellerfors Mikael , Rostami Elham , Günther Mattias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Prehospital tracheal intubation (TI) is associated with increased mortality in patients with penetrating trauma, and the utility of prehospital advanced airway management is debated. The increased incidence of deadly violence in Sweden warrants a comprehensive evaluation of current airway management for patients with penetrating trauma in the Swedish prehospital environment and on arrival in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
This was an observational, multicenter study of all patients with penetrating trauma and injury severity scores (ISSs) ≥ 15 included in the Swedish national trauma register (SweTrau) between 2011 and 2019. We investigated the frequency and characteristics of prehospital and ED TI, including 30-day mortality and patient characteristics associated with TI.

Result
Of 816 included patients, 118 (14.5%) were intubated prehospitally, and 248 (30.4%) were intubated in the ED. Patients who were intubated prehospitally had a higher ISS, 33 (interquartile range [IQR] 25, 75), than those intubated in the ED, 25 (IQR 18, 34). Prehospital TI was associated with a higher associated mortality, OR 4.26 (CI 2.57, 7.27, p < 0.001) than TI in the ED, even when adjusted for ISS (OR 2.88 [CI 1.64, 5.14, p < 0.001]). Hemodynamic collapse (≤ 40 mmHg) and low GCS score (≤ 8) were the characteristics most associated with prehospital TI. Traumatic cardiac arrests (TCAs) occurred in 154 (18.9%) patients, of whom 77 (50%) were intubated prehospitally and 56 (36.4%) were intubated in the ED. A subgroup analysis excluding TCA showed that patients with prehospital TI did not have a higher mortality rate than those with ED TI, OR 2.07 (CI 0.93, 4.51, p = 0.068), with OR 1.39 (0.56, 3.26, p = 0.5) when adjusted for ISS.

Conclusion
Prehospital TI was associated with a higher mortality rate than those with ED TI, which was specifically related to TCA; intubation did not affect mortality in patients without cardiac arrest. Mortality was high when airway management was needed, regardless of cardiac arrest, thereby emphasizing the challenges posed when anesthesia is needed. Several interventions, including whole blood transfusions, the implementation of second-tier EMS units and measures to shorten scene times, have been initiated in Sweden to counteract these challenges.
Perceived dyspnea and experience of hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure undergoing an early MObilization protocol with immersive Virtual rEality: MOVE study protocol for a parallel superiority randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fraga Iasmin Borges , Caballero Larissa Gussatschenko , Lago Pedro Dal , de Oliveira João Lucas Campos , Scherer Marina , Haeffner Mauren Porto , Rabelo-Silva Eneida Rejane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Immersive virtual reality (VR) is an innovative strategy for inpatient rehabilitation programs. Using immersive VR in early mobilization protocols has not yet been investigated in the setting of hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), especially to improve perceived dyspnea, a common symptom of heart failure (HF).

Methods
This is a single-center parallel superiority randomized clinical trial. The study will be conducted at a public teaching hospital in Brazil from January 2023 to January 2024. The sample will include adult patients with ADHF hospitalized for at least 24 h, randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the control (standard early mobilization protocol conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU)) or intervention group (the same standard early mobilization protocol but associated with immersive VR). The primary outcome will be assessing perceived dyspnea, and the secondary outcome will be assessing patient experience.

Discussion
Using immersive VR in early mobilization protocols in the ICU is expected to improve perceived dyspnea in patients with ADHF as well as patient experience regarding care. This study has the potential to increase patient adherence to early mobilization protocols in the setting of ADHF as well as to promote a positive patient experience. Filling this gap could promote the rational incorporation of technologies in health care.

Trial registration
This study protocol is in its first version. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05596292. Registered on 1 December 2022.
Predominant audio source separation in polyphonic music
Authors: Reghunath Lekshmi Chandrika , Rajan Rajeev 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPredominant source separation is the separation of one or more desired predominant signals, such as voice or leading instruments, from polyphonic music. The proposed work uses time-frequency filtering on predominant source separation and conditional adversarial networks to improve the perceived quality of isolated sounds. The pitch tracks corresponding to the prominent sound sources of the polyphonic music are estimated using a predominant pitch extraction algorithm and a binary mask corresponding to each pitch track and its harmonics are generated. Time-frequency filtering is performed on the spectrogram of the input signal using a binary mask that isolates the dominant sources based on pitch. The perceptual quality of source-separated music signal is enhanced using a CycleGAN-based conditional adversarial network operating on spectrogram images. The proposed work is systematically evaluated using the IRMAS and ADC 2004 datasets. Subjective and objective evaluations have been carried out. The reconstructed spectrogram is converted back to music signals by applying the inverse short-time Fourier transform. The intelligibility of separated audio is enhanced using an intelligibility enhancement module based on an audio style transfer scheme. The performance of the proposed method is compared with state-of-the-art Demucs and Wave-U-Net architectures and shows competing performance both objectively and subjectively.
Dispersed DNA variants underlie hearing loss in South Florida’s minority population
Authors: Peart LéShon , Gonzalez Joanna , Morel Swols Dayna , Duman Duygu , Saridogan Turcin , Ramzan Memoona , Zafeer Mohammad Faraz , Liu Xue Zhong , Eshraghi Adrien A. , Hoffer Michael E. , Angeli Simon I. , Bademci Guney , Blanton Susan , Smith Carson , Telischi Fred F. , Tekin Mustafa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
We analyzed the genetic causes of sensorineural hearing loss in racial and ethnic minorities of South Florida by reviewing demographic, phenotypic, and genetic data on 136 patients presenting to the Hereditary Hearing Loss Clinic at the University of Miami. In our retrospective chart review, of these patients, half self-identified as Hispanic, and the self-identified racial distribution was 115 (86%) White, 15 (11%) Black, and 6 (4%) Asian. Our analysis helps to reduce the gap in understanding the prevalence, impact, and genetic factors related to hearing loss among diverse populations.

Results
The causative gene variant or variants were identified in 54 (40%) patients, with no significant difference in the molecular diagnostic rate between Hispanics and Non-Hispanics. However, the total solve rate based on race was 40%, 47%, and 17% in Whites, Blacks, and Asians, respectively. In Non-Hispanic Whites, 16 different variants were identified in 13 genes, with GJB2 (32%), MYO7A (11%), and SLC26A4 (11%) being the most frequently implicated genes. In White Hispanics, 34 variants were identified in 20 genes, with GJB2 (22%), MYO7A (7%), and STRC-CATSPER2 (7%) being the most common. In the Non-Hispanic Black cohort, the gene distribution was evenly dispersed, with 11 variants occurring in 7 genes, and no variant was identified in 3 Hispanic Black probands. For the Asian cohort, only one gene variant was found out of 6 patients.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the diagnostic rate of genetic studies in hearing loss varies according to race in South Florida, with more heterogeneity in racial and ethnic minorities. Further studies to delineate deafness gene variants in underrepresented populations, such as African Americans/Blacks from Hispanic groups, are much needed to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in genetic diagnoses.
Effectiveness of virtually delivered Body Project groups to prevent eating disorders in young women at risk: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wisting Line , Stice Eric , Ghaderi Ata , Dahlgren Camilla Lindvall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders (EDs) are a group of mental illnesses associated with significant psychological and physiological consequences. Overall, only about one-fifth of individuals with EDs receive treatment and treatment is effective for only about one-third for those who receive care. The development and implementation of effective prevention approaches for those at risk is therefore pivotal. The Body Project is the most effective ED prevention program for at-risk women according to several meta-analyses, but reach is limited since delivery, traditionally, has been in-person. Moreover, peer-led Body Project groups have been reported to produce stronger effects than clinician-led Body Project groups when delivered in-person. This has not yet been examined for virtually delivered Body Project groups. This study therefore seeks to investigate the effect of virtual Body Project groups delivered by peers versus clinicians on ED risk factors, ED symptoms, and prospective ED onset.

Methods
Young women with body image concerns aged 16–25 years (N = 441) will be included in the study and randomized to three conditions: (i) virtually delivered Body Project groups led by clinicians; (ii) virtually delivered Body Project groups led by peers; and (iii) psychoeducational control group. Participants will complete assessments at five timepoints over two years (pretest, posttest, 6-months, 1-year, and 2-years).

Discussion
Further research is needed to examine approaches to increase the potential for broad implementation of prevention of EDs. The virtual modality of the Body Project could markedly expand the reach for young women at risk. If findings confirm that peers can deliver virtual Body Project groups as effectively as clinicians, this will further enhance the implementation potential.
Trial registration: The present study has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05993728).
Evaluation of a carepartner-integrated telehealth gait rehabilitation program for persons with stroke: study protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Blanton Sarah , Cotsonis George , Brennan Kayla , Song Robert , Zajac-Cox Laura , Caston Sarah , Stewart Heather , Jayaraman Arun , Reisman Darcy , Clark Patricia C. , Kesar Trisha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite family carepartners of individuals post-stroke experiencing high levels of strain and reduced quality of life, stroke rehabilitation interventions rarely address carepartner well-being or offer training to support their engagement in therapeutic activities. Our group has developed creative intervention approaches to support families during stroke recovery, thereby improving physical and psychosocial outcomes for both carepartners and stroke survivors. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of an adapted, home-based intervention (Carepartner Collaborative Integrative Therapy for Gait-CARE-CITE-Gait) designed to facilitate positive carepartner involvement during home-based training targeting gait and mobility.

Methods
This two-phased design will determine the feasibility of CARE-CITE-Gait, a novel intervention that leverages principles from our previous carepartner-focused upper extremity intervention. During the 4-week CARE-CITE-Gait intervention, carepartners review online video-based modules designed to illustrate strategies for an autonomy-supportive environment during functional mobility task practice, and the study team completes two 2-h home visits for dyad collaborative goal setting. In phase I, content validity, usability, and acceptability of the CARE-CITE-Gait modules will be evaluated by stroke rehabilitation content experts and carepartners. In phase II, feasibility (based on measures of recruitment, retention, intervention adherence, and safety) will be measured. Preliminary effects of the CARE-CITE-Gait will be gathered using a single-group, quasi-experimental design with repeated measures (two baseline visits 1 week apart, posttest, and 1-month follow-up) with 15 carepartner and stroke survivor dyads. Outcome data collectors will be blinded. Outcomes include psychosocial variables (family conflict surrounding stroke recovery, strain, autonomy support, and quality of life) collected from carepartners and measures of functional mobility, gait speed, stepping activity, and health-related quality of life collected from stroke survivors.

Discussion
The findings of the feasibility testing and preliminary data on the effects of CARE-CITE-Gait will provide justification and information to guide a future definitive randomized clinical trial. The knowledge gained from this study will enhance our understanding of and aid the development of rehabilitation approaches that address both carepartner and stroke survivor needs during the stroke recovery process.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 05257928. Registered 25 February 2022.

Trial status
This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 05257928) on March 25, 2022. Recruitment of participants was initiated on May 18, 2022.
Metal-organic framework-based photodynamic combined immunotherapy against the distant development of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Liang Xiaoyan , Mu Min , Chen Bo , Fan Rangrang , Chen Haifeng , Zou Bingwen , Han Bo , Guo Gang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, metastatic and apparently drug-resistant subtype of breast cancer with a higher immune response compared to other types of breast cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been gaining popularity for its non-invasive nature, minimal side effects, and spatiotemporally controlled benifits. The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) loaded with programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors (iPD-L1) offers the possibility of combining PDT with immunotherapy.

Method
Here, we construct PCN-224, a MOFs with good biocompatibility and biodegradability for the delivery of the PD-L1 small molecule inhibitor BMS-202 to achieve a synergistic anti-tumor strategy of PDT and immunotherapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) modified PEG (HA-PEG) was synthesized for the outer layer modification of the nanocomplex, which prolongs its systemic circulation time.

Results
In vitro cellular experiments show that the nanocomplexes irradiated by 660 nm laser has a strong ability to produce singlet oxygen, which effectively induce PDT. PDT with strong immunogenicity leads to tumor necrosis and apoptosis, and induces immunogenic cell death, which causes tumor cells to release danger associated molecular patterns. In combination with iPD-L1, the combination therapy stimulates dendritic cell maturation, promotes T-cell activation and intratumoral infiltration, and reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment to achieve tumor growth inhibition and anti-distant tumor progression.

Conclusions
MOFs-based nano-systems as a platform for combination therapy offer a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of TNBC with high metastatic rates.

Graphical Abstract
Broken epidural catheter: individualize your management
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Mahajan Shalvi , Kumar Vishal , Gandhi Komal Anil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidural anaesthesia is one of the most used neuraxial anaesthesia techniques. It has been utilized as the principal anaesthesia modality involving lower limb surgery. Breakage of epidural catheters is an unusual occurrence whose subsequent therapy lacks uniformity due to the absence of a consensus and defined standards.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old male with no comorbidities was scheduled for right lower limb reconstruction surgery due to non-union of the tibia. Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia was planned. During epidural catheter insertion, there was difficulty threading the catheter, and upon its removal, a long segment of catheter (8 cm) was left inside the body. Following informed consent from the patient, the retained fragment was surgically extracted in the same sitting under general anaesthesia.

Conclusions
Even when faced with such a circumstance, it is best to explore surgically and remove a long segment broken catheter to allay patient anxiety.