bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro ECDM process comparison using different tool feed methods of constant gravity and spring-force
Authors: Nawaz Shan Ali , Cao Peiyao , Tong Hao , Li Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Quartz glass has been widely used in multiple frontier fields of science and technology owing to its excellent chemical and mechanical properties, such as optical communication, semiconductor, photovoltaic power, and aerospace. ECDM (electrochemical discharge machining) is a non-traditional material removal process suitable for machining non-conductive materials of high hardness and brittleness. The tool electrode feed method is a key factor affecting the ECDM process. Experimental research was carried out for comparing the conventional gravity feed method and a newly-developed spring-force feed method. Micro tool electrodes of Φ150 µm were fabricated by combining the method of TF-WEDG (tangential feed-wire electrical discharge grinding) and reverse micro EDM (electrical discharge machining). Machined microstructures of blind holes, channels, squares, and patterns were compared by the gravity feed method and the spring-force feed method respectively. The experimental results show that the spring-force feed method can improve the micro ECDM process considering the aspects of dimensional accuracy, overcuts, deteriorated edges, surface topography, and tool wear.
Electrolytic preparation of two-dimensional layered sulphur nanomaterials and their application in lithium-sulphur batteries
Authors: Peng Jiaming , Shen Lihua , Qin Xubo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrently, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have gained much attention for their outstanding properties. Among these materials, layered sulphur, which is an emerging 2D material, has shown great potential for various applications due to its unique chemical and physical properties. In this study, we present a new electrolytic method for synthesizing layered sulphur using thiourea as the sulphur source and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) as the stabilizer. This method is simple, fast, and has a high yield. Furthermore, a composite material was prepared containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and layered sulphur, which was used a cathode material in lithium-sulphur batteries. The prepared cathode exhibited a discharge specific capacity of 450 mAhg−1and a reversible capacity of 46.6% after 40 cycles of reciprocation at 0.1 C cycling current. Electrode design based on layered sulphur composites provides a new idea for the structural design of lithium-sulphur battery cathodes.
Covalent-organic framework film: From synthesis and structure to energy, catalysis and sensor applications
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Xu Xiaofeng , Li Yanhua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Films are used a lot in nature, especially with animals and plants. With the development of film technology, it is becoming more popular and being used applied in many fields. There has been a growing trend to make covalent-organic framework (COF) films, which was inspired by the development of COF. Compare with traditional polymer, COF is a new polymer form that not only has high stability, but also functional diversity and designability. With these characteristics, COF film will create new possibilities for many applications. In this review, we summarize the major progress made on the synthetic strategies of COF film and their applications in energy, catalysis, and sensor application. Finally, we discuss the existing issues and future direction.
Anti-thermal Quenching in Blue Phosphor Ba3YAl2O7.5: Tm3+
Authors: Bian Xiaomin , Fu Hao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Blue-emitting phosphors are essential components of the color plasma display panel (PDP), white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs), and liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights. However, the thermal quenching effect of the phosphor is a serious problem in practice. In this work, a new kind of blue phosphor Ba3YAl2O7.5: xTm3+ was prepared and the luminescent characteristic and thermal stability were studied. Under 358 nm excitation, the phosphors produced a blue emission peak centered at 461 nm, which is due to the transition of Tm3+ from level 1D2 to 3F4. Moreover, the optimal sample Ba3YAl2O7.5: 0.03Tm3+ shows an anti-thermal quenching effect in which the emission intensity at 210 °C rises to 120 % of that at 30 °C , attributable to the presence of oxygen vacancy defects. The result indicates that the Ba3YAl2O7.5: Tm3+ with excellent thermal stability is a promising blue phosphor for lighting and display fields.
Review of researches on strength model of foamed concrete
Authors: Fu Zhenhuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Compared with ordinary concrete, foamed concrete has the advantages of light weight, high fluidity, good thermal and sound insulation properties. It has been initially applied in the construction industry. As the most basic research content of foamed concrete, the strength prediction model has received widespread attention from scholars. In this paper, the existing foamed concrete strength prediction models were summarized. The development status of the traditional empirical model based on theory or experiment and the artificial intelligence model based on computer technology were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each model were described comprehensively. The following conclusions can be drawn: ①Porosity is an important factor affecting the density and compressive strength of foamed concrete. Considering pore structure and volume composition will be more convenient and accurate to predict the strength. ② As for gel-space ratio model, considering the contribution of different hydration products produced by the cementitious materials to the strength is helpful to improve the accuracy of the prediction model. ③ The artificial intelligence model overcomes the shortcomings of less factors in the empirical model and large amount of experiments with high cost, which makes the strength prediction more effective and precise. This paper provides a train of thought for further research on the strength prediction model of foamed concrete. The development of foamed concrete strength prediction model can provide theoretical guidance for the design of foamed concrete, and is of great significance for promoting the application of foamed concrete in various occasions.
Microstructural Nonuniformity of GdBCO Superconductor Bulk
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Yan , Shen Shuangyuan , Ruan Guanjie , Zhang Jiaying , Zhang Penghe , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting materials REBa2Cu3O7-δ(REBCO or RE123, RE is a rare earth), can widely be used in electric motors, nuclear magnetic resonance and other fields, because these can trap strong magnetic fields. The top-seeded melt-texture growth method is widely chosen in the preparation and performance research of various REBCO superconductor bulks, which can effectively suppress random nucleation and reduce weak connections between grains, etc. However, the superconductor bulks prepared by this method often have the problem of uniformed microstructure. A single-domain GdBCO superconductor bulk with NdBCO single-seed guidance and Y123 liquid source was successfully growth using the top-seeded melt-texture growth method, and the microscopic morphology of the samples were studied, which exhibits the microstructural nonuniformity of GdBCO superconductor bulk. The specimens at different positions, C1, C2 below the seed, P1, P2 below the cross pattern, of the bulk exhibit critical transition temperature, TC
, higher than 94.5 K, with a maximum value of 95.9 K, demonstrating superior superconductivity. Cracks and pores are unevenly distributed in GdBCO superconductor bulk, and the pores mainly gather in the area below the seed and far from the upper surface. At the same distance from the upper surface, specimens below the cross pattern have higher self-field JC
values (P1>C1, P2>C2) than specimens below the seed, which should be related to the nonuniformity of the pores.
A Pragmatic Design of Elastic Metamaterial with Extreme Anisotropic Stiffness
Authors: Cui Hangrui , Zhang Jiazhen , Wang Ziping , Gorgin Rahim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Traditional elastic metamaterials encounter difficulties when trying to independently adjust the operating frequency in two perpendicular directions. In this research, we present a practical active elastic metamaterial with the capability to achieve extreme stiffness anisotropy. Our approach involves incorporating piezoelectric patches, coupled with adjustable conductance, into the microstructure unit cell to control the effective elastic stiffness in both primary directions. We conduct simulations to manipulate wave propagation within such metamaterials and conduct experimental investigations to validate the design. The obtained results closely align with mathematical analysis and numerical predictions, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed metamaterial. This novel approach offers a versatile and innovative design methodology for elastic metamaterials.
Maximizing Yield of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from White Turmeric Through Extraction Process Design
Authors: Lay Sovannmony , Houng Peany 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Designing the extraction process and the condition is very important for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the solid phase to obtain the highest yield. This is necessary due to the sensitivity of phenolic compounds to factors such as heat, oxidation, and degradation during the extraction process. The main objective of this study is to optimize the extraction process for phenolic compounds from raw materials and determine the ideal extraction conditions that result in a high yield of these compounds. White turmeric was selected as the investigated raw material and ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction (UAE) was used as the extraction technique. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken was applied for designing the UAE process in terms of three parameters (solid-to-solvent ratio, extraction time, and extraction temperature). Within the designed levels of solid-to-solvent ratio (0.2 to 1.0 g/10 ml), extraction time (20 to 180 min), and extraction temperature (20 to 70 °C), it is noticed that the extraction yield of phenolic compounds varied depending on the levels of those extraction process conditions. The extraction yield of phenolic compounds was low at the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1.0 g/10ml, the temperature at 20 °C, and extraction time at 20 min and it was high at the solid-to-solvent ratio (1.0 to 1.8 g/10ml), temperature (45 to 70 °C), and extraction time (100 to 180 min). However, based on the statical data and confirmation experiment, it was possible to obtain the highest yield of phenolic compounds of 9.0 mg GAE/g DW, extracting from white turmeric at UAE condition of 1.1 g/10 ml for solid-to-solvent ratio, 100 min for extraction time, and 45 °C for temperature. The result of this study may be helpful for the intensification of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction for phenolic compounds from agricultural products.
Study on Softening Resistance of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy for Advanced Electrical Connectors
Authors: Yuan Hefeng , Yang Qi , Chen Jiacheng , Tao Jie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effect of adding iron element in tin bronze on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy is studied by means of phase diagram calculation and microstructure observation. The work hardening curve of Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy is plotted by cold deformation of the alloy with different reduction rates. The test and microstructure observation are conducted for tensile strength and ductility of the alloy sample annealed at different temperatures, so as to determine the recrystallization temperature of the alloy. The results show that the addition of iron element plays a significant role in grain refinement and improves the subsequent working performance. After the cold rolling deformation, an obvious work hardening effect is imposed on the alloy. With the increase of the deformation, the alloy presents a trend of increasing first and then becoming stable in the tensile strength, while a reverse trend in ductility. Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy has a softening resistance equivalent to that of QSn6.5-0.1 high-tin bronze, both of which will be softened at 400ºC; therefore, Cu-Sn-Fe-P alloy can replace QSn6.5-0.1 alloy at high temperature.The present study proposes how to maintain the original properties of the tin-phosphorous bronze alloy while reducing the content of the tin, and achieve the more effective industrialized production.
Characterisation of a low-momentum high-rate muon beam monitor for the FAMU experiment at the CNAO-XPR beam facility
Authors: Rossini R. , Benocci R. , Bertoni R. , Bonesini M. , Carsi S. , Clemenza M. , de Bari A. , Donetti M. , de Vecchi C. , Menegolli A. , Mereghetti A. , Mocchiutti E. , Petroselli C. , Prata M.C. , Pullia M. , Raselli G.L. , Rossella M. , Savazzi S. , Tortora L. , Vallazza E.S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The FAMU experiment aims at an indirect measurement of the Zemach radius of the
proton. The measurement is carried out on muonic hydrogen atoms (μH) produced through the
low-momentum (50–60 MeV/c) muon beam a the RIKEN-RAL μ- facility. The particle flux plays
an important role in this measurement, as it is proportional to the number of μH atoms
produced, which is the target of the FAMU experimental method. The beam monitor calibration
technique and results, presented here, are meant to extract a reliable estimation of the muon flux
during the FAMU data taking. These measurements were carried out at the CNAO synchrotron in Pavia,
Italy, using proton beams and supported by Monte Carlo simulation of the detector in Geant4.
The High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment program of direct cosmic-ray studies
Authors: Coutu S. , Allison P.S. , Baiocchi M. , Beatty J.J. , Beaufore L. , Calderón D.H. , Castano A.G. , Chen Y. , Green N. , Hanna D. , Jeon H.B. , Klein S.B. , Kunkler B. , Lang M. , Mbarek R. , McBride K. , Mognet S.I. , Musser J. , Nutter S. , O'Brien S. , Park N. , Powledge K.M. , Sakai K. , Tabata M. , Tarlé G. , Tuttle J.M. , Visser G. , Wakely S.P. , Yu M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
HELIX is a new NASA-sponsored instrument aimed at measuring the spectra and composition of light cosmic-ray isotopes from hydrogen to neon nuclei, in particular the clock isotopes 10Be (radioactive, with 1.4 Myr lifetime) and 9Be (stable). The latter are unique markers of the production and Galactic propagation of secondary cosmic-ray nuclei, and are needed to resolve such important mysteries as the proportion of secondary positrons in the excess of antimatter observed by the AMS-02 experiment. By using a combination of a 1 T superconducting magnet spectrometer (with drift-chamber tracker) with a high-resolution time-of-flight detector system and ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, mass-resolved isotope measurements of light cosmic-ray nuclei will be possible up to 3 GeV/n in a first stratospheric balloon flight from Kiruna, Sweden to northern Canada, anticipated to take place in early summer 2024. An eventual longer Antarctic balloon flight of HELIX will yield measurements up to 10 GeV/n, sampling production from a larger volume of the Galaxy extending into the halo. We review the instrument design, testing, status and scientific prospects.
Probability distribution maps of deposited energy with sub-pixel resolution for Timepix3 detectors
Authors: Christodoulou Pinelopi , Alozy Jerome , Ballabriga Rafael , Campbell Michael , Heijne Erik , Llopart Xavier , Pulli Adithya , Sriskaran Viros , Tlustos Lukas , Zemlicka Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Medipix3 Collaboration has developed the Timepix3 chip, which can provide information about individual particles interacting with a hybrid pixelated semiconductor detector.
The Timepix3 generates a data packet including time and energy information for each pixel receiving a charge above the discriminator threshold. From a set of such packages generated by one particle the total deposited energy and the sub-pixel center of mass (c.m) position of the interaction can be calculated. However, sub-threshold losses will distort both the measured energy and c.m calculation. This work aims to generate probability maps for the most probable initial interaction position and energy for a given detected cluster. The correction maps were calculated for different energies and sub-pixel c.m positions. It is crucial to realistically simulate the front-end response of the Timepix3 detector to be able to match and understand the experimental data and generate accurate probability maps. The correction maps from the simulations using the simulation tool Allpix
2 are applied to experimental data utilizing an Am-241 source to irradiate a Minipix Timepix3, leading to sub-pixel resolution and improved energy resolution for Timepix3 detectors.
Comparison of readout systems for high-rate silicon photomultiplier applications
Authors: Wong M.L. , Kołodziej M. , Briggl K. , Hetzel R. , Korcyl G. , Lalik R. , Malige A. , Magiera A. , Ostrzołek G. , Rusiecka K. , Stahl A. , Urbanevych V. , Wiebusch M. , Wrońska A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recent years have shown an increased use of silicon
photomultipliers (SiPM) in experiments as they are of reasonable
cost, have relatively low power consumption and are easily available
in a variety of form factors allowing for a large number of readout
channels. At the same time, experiments are generating data at
increasingly high rates requiring the use of more efficient readout
systems. In this work, the dead time, efficiency, dynamic range,
coincidence time resolution and energy resolution of five different
readout systems at various stages of maturity are evaluated to
determine the best system for acquiring data from a detector in a
high rate experiment. Additional functionalities of the systems are
also discussed.
Monolithic MHz-frame rate digital SiPM-IC with sub-100 ps precision and 70 μm pixel pitch
Authors: Diehl I. , Hansen K. , Vanat T. , Vignola G. , Feindt F. , Rastorguev D. , Spannagel S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design and characterization of a
monolithic integrated circuit (IC) including digital silicon
photomultipliers (dSiPMs) arranged in a 32 × 32 pixel matrix
at 70 μm pitch. The IC provides per-quadrant time stamping
and hit-map readout, and is fabricated in a standard 150-nm CMOS
technology. Each dSiPM pixel consists of four single-photon
avalanche diodes (SPADs) sharing a quenching and subsequent
processing circuitry and has a fill factor of 30 %. A sub-100 ps
precision, 12-bit time-to-digital converter (TDC) provides
timestamps per quadrant with an acquisition rate of 3 MHz. Together
with the hit map, the total sustained data throughput of the IC
amounts to 4 Gbps. Measurements obtained in a dark,
temperature-stable environment as well as by using a pulsed laser
environment show the full dSiPM-IC functionality. The dark-count
rate (DCR) as function of the overvoltage and temperature, the TDC
resolution, differential and integral nonlinearity (DNL/INL) as well
as the propagation delays across the matrix are presented. With aid
of additional peripheral test structures, the main building blocks
are characterized and key parameters are presented.
Social innovation enablers to unlock a low energy demand future
Authors: Niamir Leila , Verdolini Elena , Nemet Gregory F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We initiate the process of developing a comprehensive low energy demand (LED) innovation narrative by applying the framework ‘Functions of Innovation Systems’ (FIS) and identifying the key conditions under which technology interventions can be improved and scaled up over the next three decades to contribute to climate change mitigation. Several studies have argued that the potential for LED-focused mitigation is much larger than previously portrayed and have shown that adopting a wide variety of energy-reducing activities would achieve emissions reductions compatible with a 1.5 C temperature target. Yet, how realistic achieving such a scenario might be or what processes would need to be in place to create a pathway to a LED outcome in mid-century, remain overlooked. This study contributes to understanding LED’s mitigation potential by outlining narratives of LED innovation in three end-use sectors: industry, transport, and buildings. Our analysis relies on the FIS approach to assess three innovations in these sectors. A key insight is that the distinct characteristics of LED technology make enabling social innovations crucial for their widespread adoption. Finally, we identify a set of eight social enablers required for unlocking LED pathways.
Springtime mesoscale convective systems over South China: a historic radar image-based analysis of climatological features, interannual variability, and potential connections with surface aerosol
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Fu Tzung-May , Hu Zhiqun , Liu Hongjun , Meng Zhiyong , Ma Leiming , Dai Jianhua , Zhang Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We objectively analyzed historic radar reflectivity images and diagnosed mature mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in South China during the spring season (March to May) of 2009–2019. Our goal was to understand the climatological features of mature MCSs, their interannual variations, and potential connections with surface aerosol pollution. Springtime MCSs over South China were most frequently observed in the central and east-coastal parts of Guangdong Province. The mean monthly half-hourly counts of MCSs over South China in March, April, and May were 103 ± 83, 274 ± 298, and 337 ± 225, respectively, with considerable variability from year to year. Approximately 89% of springtime MCSs over South China had a linear or quasi-linear structure, with convective precipitation covering on average 34% of the total precipitating area of each individual MCS, anmied 63% of MCSs consisted of a stratiform precipitation area trailing the convective precipitation. In March, MCSs occurred most frequently mid-day; in April and May, MCSs were most frequent around midnight. From 2013 to 2019, the MCS occurrences in April were significantly lower during years with more aerosol pollution days. This finding potentially supported our previous model study’s finding that elevated anthropogenic aerosol levels may suppress April MCS occurrences in South China via aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions. Further research is required to better understand the intricate relationship between aerosol abundance and MCS activities in this region.
Curvature-driven pathways interpolating between stationary points: the case of the pure spherical 3-spin model
Authors: Pacco Alessandro , Biroli Giulio , Ros Valentina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on characterizing the energy profile along pathways connecting different regions of configuration space in the context of a prototypical glass model, the pure spherical p-spin model with p = 3. The study investigates pairs of stationary points (local minima or rank-1 saddles), analyzing the energy profile along geodesic paths and comparing them with ‘perturbed’ pathways correlated to the landscape curvature. The goal is to assess the extent to which information from the local Hessian matrices around stationary points can identify paths with lower energy barriers. Surprisingly, unlike findings in other systems, the direction of softest local curvature is not a reliable predictor of low-energy paths, except in the case in which the direction of softest curvature corresponds to an isolated mode of the Hessian. However, other information encoded in the local Hessian does allow the identification of pathways associated with lower energy barriers. We conclude commenting on implications for the system’s activated dynamics.