bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blogs
Authors: Maxymuk John 
Published: February 2005

PurposeDue to the abundance of blog sites, which run a gamut of topics, from personal diaries to hobbies to legal matters and so on, it is desirable to know their relevance to librarianship.Design/methodology/approachSurveys a number of library blogs and examines the content of each with the goal of determining their value and usefulness to librarianship.FindingsRanging from the light‐hearted to the more serious, library blogs permit a free exchange of ideas on both general and narrowly defined library topics. Posting on blogs fosters a timely exchange of information that traditional publications cannot offer.Originality/valueBlogs redefine how information is shared, accessed, and published and adds a new dimension to how librarians seek and provide information to users.
The hidden value of sporadic customers in e‐retailing
Authors: Joia Luiz Antonio , Sanz Paulo 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo analyze empirically the transaction profitability derived from sporadic and frequent customers in the e‐retailing sector of minor home appliances in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachA company's database was analyzed quantitatively to assess the transaction profitability derived from sporadic and frequent customers purchasing via the firm's digital channel, namely its web site. Besides, qualitative evidence was also collected from interviews with the main professionals involved in marketing and e‐commerce in the firm and through analysis of the company's web site and e‐mail communications with customers.FindingsThe commercial transaction profitability associated with sporadic customers can be higher than that derived from frequent purchasers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study concentrated on a single company within a specific industry (minor home appliance e‐retailing) based in a specific country, namely Brazil.Practical implicationsThe benefits of web consumer retention would only seem to be advantageous for digital companies that are client‐centric, which can interact with these consumers. Furthermore, the mere fact of using transactional practices, low differentiation between products and the emphasis on promotion of price on the web would seem to increase sensitivity to price on the part of the consumers, particularly those who make purchases more frequently.Originality/valueTo enable practitioners and academics to grasp fully the real value of frequent and sporadic clients, in order to allow digital companies to develop coherent strategies for them.
Market‐oriented new product development
Authors: Alsted Søndergaard Helle 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to ascertain whether a well‐known theory within consumer research – a means‐end chain (MEC) – can be used as a catalyst to achieve market oriented product development.Design/methodology/approachDescribes a case study, involving a Danish food manufacturer, where a MEC approach was introduced to a cross‐functional development team at two different stages of the development process.FindingsResults show that MEC data is perceived as a good way of gaining knowledge about consumers; that the information serves well as the basis of discussions and for keeping project goals fixed. The results also indicate that MEC data are most valuable to the team in the early stages of the development process and that lack of a learning orientation may inhibit the effects of a MEC approach.Originality/valueThe MEC approach shows clear advantages for market oriented product development.
Arabidopsis AtSPL14, a plant‐specific SBP‐domain transcription factor, participates in plant development and sensitivity to fumonisin B1
Authors: Stone Julie M. , Liang Xinwen , Nekl Emily R. , Stiers Justin J. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe recessive Arabidopsis thalianafumonisin B1‐resistant (fbr6) mutant was identified by its ability to survive in the presence of a programmed cell death (PCD)‐inducing fungal toxin FB1. The fbr6 mutant also displays altered plant architecture in the absence of FB1, most notably elongated petioles and enhanced leaf margin serration. These phenotypes are a result of a T‐DNA insertion in the SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) domain gene, AtSPL14. AtSPL14 encodes a plant‐specific protein with features characteristic of a transcriptional regulator, including a nuclear localization signal sequence, a plant‐specific DNA binding domain (the SBP box), and a protein interaction motif (ankyrin repeats). A transiently expressed fusion of the AtSPL14 protein to green fluorescent protein is directed to the plant nucleus. DNA sequences immediately upstream of the translation start site direct expression of the β‐glucuronidase reporter gene primarily in the vascular tissues, consistent with the phenotypes of the fbr6 mutant. AtSPL14 activates transcription in yeast, with a transactivation domain residing within the N‐terminal region of the protein. Recombinant AtSPL14 protein binds A. thaliana genomic DNA in vitro in the absence of other proteins. These results indicate that FBR6/SPL14 functions as a transcriptional regulator that plays a role not only in sensitivity to FB1, but also in the development of normal plant architecture.
Spatial control of transgene expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using the GAL4 enhancer trapping system
Authors: Johnson Alexander A.T. , Hibberd Julian M. , Gay Céline , Essah Pauline A. , Haseloff Jim , Tester Mark , Guiderdoni Emmanuel 
Published: February 2005

SummaryWe used enhancer trapping with the GAL4 transcriptional activator from yeast to obtain spatial control of transgene expression in all organs of the model monocotyledonous species rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). Our T‐DNA enhancer trapping cassette consisted of two principle components: (1) the minimal promoter‐equipped gal4 gene placed adjacent to the right border, and (2) the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) fused to the upstream activation sequence element (UAS) to which GAL4 binds and activates expression, so that gfp expression corresponds to gal4 expression. Agrobacterium‐mediated integration of the cassette into the rice genome often brings the gal4 gene under transcriptional control of local genomic enhancers and promoters, resulting in gal4/gfp expression patterns ranging in specificity from single‐cell types to constitutive expression. We produced more than 13 000 enhancer trap lines with this cassette and screened T0 adult plants (1982 lines), T1 seed (2684 lines) and T1 seedlings (2667 lines) for gfp expression. Approximately 30% of the lines produced GFP, and we identified lines with gfp expression in specific cell types of all major organs of the rice plant. Subsequently, using the GUS reporter gene (uidA), we demonstrated that UAS:geneX constructs can be transactivated in specific cell types where gal4 and gfp are expressed, thus providing an excellent system for the manipulation of gene expression and physiological function in specific cell types of rice.
The Effect of Chitosan and Bion on Resistance to Pink Snow Mould in Perennial Ryegrass and Winter Wheat
Authors: Hofgaard I. S. , Ergon Å. , Wanner L. A. , Tronsmo A. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effects of chitosan on resistance to pink snow mould (Microdochium nivale) were studied in young winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under controlled environmental conditions. In perennial ryegrass, the putative defence activator Bion was also tested. Resistance was measured as regrowth of plants after inoculation with M. nivale and incubation in darkness at 2°C. In winter wheat, pre‐treatment with chitosan at 1000 μg per plant increased resistance to subsequent infection by M. nivale, but this effect was less significant in a replicate experiment. Chitosan‐treated winter wheat plants expressed the gene for the pathogenesis‐related protein chitinase at higher levels than non‐treated plants. Chitinase gene expression was also stimulated by M. nivale infection in winter wheat. Perennial ryegrass pre‐treated with Bion or chitosan and inoculated with M. nivale did not display better regrowth after incubation than non‐treated, inoculated plants. Rather, regrowth was reduced in some of the Bion‐treated plants after incubation. We speculate that the cost or the mechanism of induced resistance makes Bion non‐effective in plants that are not actively growing. Bion at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 μg active ingredient per ml, and the highest concentration of chitosan used (2000 μg per ml) reduced in vitro growth of the pathogen, suggesting that both defence activators possess antifungal activity.
Individual Differences in the Modulation of Fear-Related Brain Activation by Attentional Control
Authors: Mathews Andrew , Yiend Jenny , Lawrence Andrew D. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
In this article, we consider the extent to which variations in the neural activation associated with fear-related stimuli are obligatory or optional. More specifically, we investigated modulation of activation according to type of encoding operation, and how this relates to individual differences in fearfulness and attentional control. In an fMRI study, fear-related (relative to neutral) pictures preferentially activated many of the regions involved in a hierarchical system responsible for organizing defensive behavior, and differential activation in some of these areas was related to self-reported individual variations in fearfulness. Preferential activation according to type of stimulus persisted to a limited extent even when attention was diverted from its emotional aspects. Importantly, however, encoding tasks involving attention to emotional versus nonemotional attributes of the same pictures revealed a pattern of greater activation during emotional encoding, similar to that differentiating fear-related from neutral stimuli. Again, the degree of modulation varied according to individual differences. We conclude that fear-related pictures can recruit activation in the defensive system even when attention is directed elsewhere, but that the extent of this activation is modulated by attentional control mechanisms. More critically, both differential activation and its modulation by attentional control are related to individual variations in emotional vulnerability, in a manner that conforms to predictions derived from existing theoretical accounts.
Neural Correlates of Detecting Pretense: Automatic Engagement of the Intentional Stance under Covert Conditions
Authors: German Tim P. , Niehaus Jeffrey L. , Roarty Meghan P. , Giesbrecht Barry , Miller Michael B. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Typically developing children begin to produce and understand pretend play between 18 and 24 months of age, and early pretense has been argued to be a candidate “core” capacity central to the deployment of representations of other peoples' mental states—“theory of mind.” In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 16 healthy adult volunteers were imaged while watching short (5 sec) clips of actors who either performed simple everyday actions or pretended to perform a similar set of actions, under covert conditions (e.g., participants were not directed to attend to actors' mental states). There was increased activity in the medial prefrontal areas (Brodmann's areas [BA] 9/6/32, 9, and 10), inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally (BA 44, 47), temporo-parietal regions (BA 21 and 22), and parahippocampal areas, including the amygdala, when subjects viewed pretend actions as compared with real actions. This result suggests that at least some areas previously implicated in making explicit mental state judgments are also strongly activated in response to actions that call for mental state interpretation (e.g., pretense) even when there is no explicit instruction for “mind reading.” This outcome is discussed in terms of accounts that propose “theory of mind” to be underwritten by automatic specialized mechanisms for the interpretation of the behavior of social agents.
Constant Raindrop Fall Speed Profiles Derived from Doppler Radar Data Analyses for Steady Nonconvective Precipitation
Authors: Nissen Robert , List Roland , Hudak David , McFarquhar Greg M. , Lawson R. Paul , Tung N. P. , Soo S. K. , Kang T. S. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
For nonconvective, steady light rain with rain rates &lt;5 mm h−1 the mean Doppler velocity of raindrop spectra was found to be constant below the melting band, when the drop-free fall speed was adjusted for pressure. The Doppler radar–weighted raindrop diameters varied from case to case from 1.5 to 2.5 mm while rain rates changed from 1.2 to 2.9 mm h−1. Significant changes of advected velocity moments were observed over periods of 4 min.
These findings were corroborated by three independent systems: a Doppler radar for establishing vertical air speed and mean terminal drop speeds [using extended Velocity Azimuth Display (EVAD) analyses], a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer at the ground, and a Particle Measuring System (PMS) 2-DP probe flown on an aircraft. These measurements were supported by data from upper-air soundings. The reason why inferred raindrop spectra do not change with height is the negligible interaction rate between raindrops at low rain rates. At low rain rates, numerical box models of drop collisions strongly support this interpretation. It was found that increasing characteristic drop diameters are correlated with increasing rain rates.
Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Impacts over the Arabian Sea during the Intermonsoon Season: Results from ARMEX Field Campaign
Authors: Moorthy K. Krishna , Babu S. Suresh , Satheesh S. K. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
During the second phase of the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX-II), extensive measurements of spectral aerosol optical depth, mass concentration, and mass size distribution of ambient aerosols as well as mass concentration of aerosol black carbon (BC) were made onboard a research vessel during the intermonsoon period (i.e., when the monsoon winds are in transition from northeasterlies to westerlies/southwesterlies) over the Arabian Sea (AS) adjoining the Indian Peninsula. Simultaneous measurements of spectral aerosol optical depths (AODs) were made at different regions over the adjoining Indian landmass. Mean AODs (at 500-nm wavelength) over the ocean (∼0.44) were comparable to those over the coastal land (∼0.47), but were lower than the values observed over the plateau regions of central Indian Peninsula (∼0.61). The aerosol properties were found to respond distinctly with respect to change in the trajectories, with higher optical depths and flatter AOD spectra associated with trajectories indicating advection from west Asia, and northwest and west-coastal India. On average, BC constituted only ∼2.2% to total aerosol mass compared to the climatological values of ∼6% over the coastal land during the same season.
These data are used to characterize the physical properties of aerosols and to assess the resulting short-wave direct aerosol forcing. The mean values were –27 W m−2 at the surface and −12 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), resulting in a net atmospheric forcing of +15 W m−2. The forcing also depended on the region from where the advection predominates. The surface and atmospheric forcing were in the range −40 to −57 W m−2 and +27 to +39 W m−2, respectively, corresponding to advection from the west Asian and western coastal India where they were as low as −19 and +10 W m−2, respectively, when the advection was mainly from the Bay of Bengal and from central/peninsular India. In all these cases, the net atmospheric forcing (heating) efficiency was lower than the values reported for northern Indian Ocean during northern winter, which is attributed to the reduced BC mass fraction.
Quadriceps Weakness, Atrophy, and Activation Failure in Predicted Noncopers after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Williams Glenn N. , Buchanan Thomas S. , Barrance Peter J. , Axe Michael J. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: February 2005

Background Quadriceps weakness is common after anterior cruciate ligament injury, especially in those who do not compensate well for the injury (“noncopers”). Both atrophy and activation failure have been demonstrated in this population but have not been directly related to quadriceps weakness. Hypotheses (1) Quadriceps strength, volumes, and cross-sectional areas of the noncopers would be smaller than those of the contralateral muscles, whereas other muscles would not demonstrate atrophy. (2) Quadriceps muscle activation deficits would be observed. (3) Atrophy and activation failure would account for the quadriceps weakness in these patients. Study Design Cross-sectional study, Level of evidence, 3. Methods Seventeen noncopers with isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury underwent burst-superimposition strength and activation testing of the quadriceps and magnetic resonance imaging of 12 muscles an average of 2 months after injury. Morphological characteristics was described by digitally reconstructing each muscle from the axial images and calculating muscle volume and peak cross-sectional area. Results The quadriceps muscles of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient limb were significantly weaker (average 25%) than those of the uninjured side; activation failure (8%-10%) was observed for the quadriceps muscles of both limbs. The total quadriceps, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius volume and cross-sectional area were significantly smaller in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient limb. There was no significant atrophy of any other muscle or muscle group. Atrophy and activation failure explained more than 60% of the variance in quadriceps weakness (P =. 004). Conclusion The quadriceps femoris weakens soon after acute anterior cruciate ligament injury. Activation deficits and atrophy occur and affect quadriceps strength. Rehabilitation techniques that address activation deficits as well as atrophy may be necessary to restore quadriceps strength.
De Quervain Disease in Volleyball Players
Authors: Rossi Costantino , Cellocco Paolo , Margaritondo Enrico , Bizzarri Francesco , Costanzo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2005

Background Chronic inflammatory tendon diseases in athletes are frequent, and they often result from modifications in normal kinematics of a tendon associated with a patient's anatomical determinants. De Quervain stenosing tenosynovitis is an inflammatory disease of tendons of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. There is no literature about this disease concerning professional volleyball players. Hypothesis Limited, multiple trauma on the dorsal radial portion of the wrist, associated with long training times, can be involved in the pathogenetic process of de Quervain disease in professional volleyball players. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Materials and Methods The authors studied 45 consecutively enrolled volleyball players (27 professional, 18 nonprofessional) satisfying clinical criteria for the diagnosis of de Quervain stenosing tenosynovitis. All patients were evaluated by questionnaire and physical examination. They were divided into group A (mild) and group B (severe) based on the severity of the symptoms and physical findings; they were followed for a mean of 37 months. Results Total training quantity (mean weekly training time multiplied by mean sports activity duration) in group A was 74, whereas it was 155 in group B (P <. 01). No neuropathies were found in group A, whereas they were found in 3 patients in group B. Fifty percent of surgical patients had a longitudinal fibrous septum, whereas 54% showed multiple tendon sheaths making up the abductor pollicis longus tendon. Conclusions This study shows that increased training time and consequent microtrauma associated with professional volleyball activity can increase the likelihood of de Quervain disease.
A Radiographic Investigation to Determine the Safety of Suture Anchor Systems for Pediatric Modified Broström Ankle Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hazratwala Kaushik , Best Alistair , Kopplin Matthew , Giza Eric , Sullivan Martin 
Published: February 2005

Background The modified Broström ligament reconstruction using anchor sutures has been performed in adults with clinical success; however, the safety parameters for the use of suture anchors in adolescent lateral ankle ligament reconstruction have not been established. Purpose To perform a radiographic analysis comparing the depth of penetration of suture anchors in adult ankle ligament reconstruction with the average distance of the physis from the tip of the fibula in adolescents. Study Design Cross-sectional study, Level of evidence, 4. Methods Forty postoperative ankle radiographs of adult patients who had a modified Broström procedure were compared with 40 normal adolescent ankle radiographs. In the adult group, the distance of the suture anchor penetration from the distal tip of the fibula was measured; in the adolescent group, the distance of the physis from the distal tip of the fibula was measured. Results The mean depth of the suture anchors was 17 mm (range, 14-21 mm) from the tip of the fibula in the adult group, and the mean distance of the growth plate was 23 mm (range, 18-29 mm) in the adolescent group. Eight radiographs from the adolescent group (20%) had a physis measurement of <22 mm on the anteroposterior or mortise view. Conclusions Using careful preoperative planning and intraoperative technique, it is possible to safely perform lateral ankle ligament repair in the skeletally immature patient using suture anchors.
Intrinsic Risk Factors for Inversion Ankle Sprains in Male Subjects: A Prospective Study
Authors: Willems Tine Marieke , Witvrouw Erik , Delbaere Kim , Mahieu Nele , De Bourdeaudhuij Llse , De Clercq Dirk 
Published: February 2005

Background Many variables have been retrospectively associated with ankle sprains. However, very little is known about factors predisposing people to these injuries. Hypothesis Measurable intrinsic factors might predispose male athletes to ankle sprains. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods A total of 241 male physical education students were evaluated for possible intrinsic risk factors for inversion sprains at the beginning of their academic study. The evaluated intrinsic risk factors included anthropometrical characteristics, functional motor performances, ankle joint position sense, isokinetic ankle muscle strength, lower leg alignment characteristics, postural control, and muscle reaction time during a sudden inversion perturbation. Subjects were followed prospectively for 1 to 3 years. Results A total of 44 (18%) of the 241 male subjects sustained an inversion sprain; 4 sprained both ankles. Cox regression analysis revealed that male subjects with slower running speed, less cardiorespiratory endurance, less balance, decreased dorsiflexion muscle strength, decreased dorsiflexion range of motion, less coordination, and faster reaction of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles are at greater risk of ankle sprains. Conclusion Based on our findings, it is suggested that running speed, cardiorespiratory endurance, balance, dorsiflexion strength, coordination, muscle reaction, and dorsiflexion range of motion at the ankle are associated with the risk of ankle inversion sprains in male subjects.