bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of gastrin‐17 and its related influencing factors in physical examination results
Authors: Zeng Junchao , Shen Yan , Xu Sanping , Yang Rui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the difference of serum gastrin‐17 (G17) level in healthy people with different sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), to explore the correlation between G17 and pepsinogen, and to study the influences of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and various inflammatory factors on G17 secretion level.MethodsA total of 531 subjects who received physical examination in our center from April 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. All subjects were tested for G17, pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), PGI/PGII ratio (PGR), H. pylori, serum amyloid A (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The difference of G17 secretion in different subjects and its correlation with PG were analyzed to investigate H. pylori infection and expound the effects of inflammatory indicators on G17.ResultsThere was no significant difference in G17 secretion level in people with different sex, age and BMI (p > .05). G17 positively correlated with PGI and PGII, but negatively correlated with PGR. The G17 level of H. pylori‐positive subjects was 10.16 ± 12.84, and prominently higher than that of H. pylori‐negative subjects (3.27 ± 6.65). SAA and H. pylori infection were the greater risk factors for G17 abnormality among various indicators. CRP and ESR had no effect on G17 abnormality.ConclusionsG17 secretion is closely related to PG and H. pylori. Combined screening contributes to early screening of gastrointestinal diseases in normal people or groups at high risk for gastric cancer, but the influence of inflammatory indicators on G17 should be excluded to improve the reliability of the results.
The Health Status of Adults With Epilepsy Compared With That of People Without Chronic Conditions
Authors: Wagner Anita K. , Bungay Kathleen M. , Kosinski Mark , Bromfield Edward B. , Ehrenberg Bruce L. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To examine the feasibility of administering and the psychometric properties of a general health status questionnaire in adults with epilepsy, and to assess the health status of these patients.Design. Prospective, cross‐sectional, observational study.Setting. Neurology clinic of a tertiary care medical center.Patients. One hundred forty‐eight ambulatory adults with epilepsy.Interventions. Patients completed the SF‐36, a general health status questionnaire. Respondent burden and data quality as well as psychometric characteristics were evaluated. Patients' SF‐36 scale scores, adjusted for comorbidities, were compared with those of 641 people without chronic conditions with the same sociodemographic characteristics.Measurements and Main Results. Administering the SF‐36 to adult outpatients with epilepsy is feasible and results are psychometrically sound. Compared with those who were not ill, patients had significantly (p<0.001) lower (0 = worst, 100 = best) scores in six of the eight SF‐36 domains: general health perceptions (57.7 vs 82.1), mental health (61.3 vs 79.6), vitality (53.5 vs 67.8), role limitations owing to physical (69.6 vs 95.0) and emotional problems (67.2 vs 88.4), and social functioning (75.2 vs 89.9).Conclusions. Lower SF‐36 scores may reflect patients' assessments of the balance among epilepsy, seizures, and antiepileptic drug therapy‐related effects. Incorporating health status information into therapeutic decision making may help to attain the ultimate goal of improving patients' health.
Exploration of Once‐Daily Dosing of Aminoglycosides Through Bayesian Simulation
Authors: Garrelts James C. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To simulate peak and trough concentrations, using Bayesian forecasting, achieved with a variety of once‐daily dosing (ODD) regimens; to evaluate dosing regimens required to produce target peak and trough concentrations; to compare the peak‐to‐MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) ratios and time above MIC for various dosing regimens and MICs; to stratify the information based on renal function estimates; and to use the results from these simulations to make recommendations regarding optimum ODD of aminoglycosides.Design. Simulation of ODD using a Bayesian technique and existing patient data.Setting. A tertiary referral, community teaching hospital.Patients. One hundred consecutive adults from the author's data base, with a wide variety of infections and underlying illnesses, who met strict inclusion criteria.Interventions. Two methods of dosing, weight‐based (4–7 mg/kg) and target concentration‐based (peak 10, 15, or 20 μg/ml, trough ≤ 0.3 μg/ml), were evaluated. Each patient had a known dosing‐sampling history, stable renal function, and at least two measured serum concentrations, and were being treated with either gentamicin or tobramycin.Measurements and Main Results. A wide range of peak and trough serum concentrations are achieved when dosages are chosen based on patient weight. Even with large dosages, some patients had very low peak‐to‐MIC ratios and time above the MIC, and vice versa. Variations in MIC had a much greater effect on dosing target values than did variations in dosage. A large degree of variability was also noted in doses and dosing intervals when using a target serum concentration approach. For both methods, an inverse relationship existed between calculated creatinine clearance and time above MIC, although there was little change over the range of 60–119 ml/minute.Conclusions. Bayesian simulation showed that weight‐based ODD of aminoglycosides did not produce clinically acceptable serum concentrations or target values in many patients. Young and elderly patients, and any patient with a creatinine clearance below 60 or above 119 ml/minute, are especially likely not to achieve an optimum serum concentration profile. Aminoglycoside ODD should be individualized by evaluating the peak‐to‐MIC ratio, time above MIC, and patient response.
Validation of a Limited Sampling Model to Determine Etoposide Area Under the Curve
Authors: Lum Bert L. , Lane Kevin J. , Synold Timothy W. , Goram Adrian , Charnick Steven B. , Sikic Branimir I. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To validate the utility of a previously reported 3‐point limited sampling model (LSM) for determining etoposide area under the curve to infinity (AUC∞).Design. Secondary analysis of data from two clinical trials of etoposide.Setting. University medical center clinical research center.Patients. Thirty‐four patients with different malignancies.Interventions. Etoposide was administered as a 2‐hour infusion to 34 patients. Serial plasma samples were drawn over 24 hours after the infusion and analyzed for etoposide by high‐performance liquid chromatography.Measurements and Main Results. The 3‐point LSM AUC was compared with a 14‐point actual AUC calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. Actual and predicted AUC∞ by the LSM were highly correlated (r=0.97, p<0.0001). The LSM predictions had a mean absolute error of 10.9% (95% CI −14.1, −5.3) and a mean error of −9.7% (95% CI 6.9, 14.9). Nine patients with poor AUC∞ estimations by the LSM (error > 12%) tended to have abnormally low or high peak concentrations.Conclusion. Our findings suggest the development of more robust LSM using other techniques, such as pharmacostatistical models, that can accommodate a greater degree of pharmacokinetic variability. (Pharmacotherapy 1997;17(5):887–890)
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Ketorolac versus Morphine by Patient‐Controlled Analgesia for Postoperative Pain
Authors: O'Hara Dorene A. , Fanciullo Gilbert , Hubbard Lex , Maneatis Thomas , Seuffert Patricia , Bynum Lincoln , Shefrin Arna 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare ketorolac tromethamine with morphine for pain management after major abdominal surgery.Design. Double‐blind, randomized studySetting. Hospital recovery room and postoperative surgical unit.Patients. One hundred ninety‐one patients with at least moderate pain after major abdominal surgery.Interventions. Patients received ketorolac by patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) bolus alone (Ket B), ketorolac by bolus plus infusion (Ket I), or morphine by PCA bolus (morphine), with injectable morphine available for supplementation.Measurements and Main Results. Levels of sedation, pain intensity, pain relief, and adverse events were recorded at baseline, at 2, 4, and 6 hours, and at termination. Supplemental morphine was required by 71% of Ket B patients, 67% of Ket I patients, and 38% of morphine patients (p<0.001 for Ket B vs morphine). Although patients receiving ketorolac required more supplemental morphine than the morphine group (6.0 mg Ket I, 6.2 mg Ket B, 4.0 mg morphine), there was a large morphine‐sparing effect in both ketorolac groups (total morphine 6.0 mg Ket I, 6.2 mg Ket B, 33.3 mg morphine). Overall pain relief scores were similar for morphine and Ket I groups, and were lower for Ket B than for morphine (p=0.002). There were no differences among groups in numbers of patients with adverse events.Conclusion. Ketorolac may be effective when administered by PCA device, and has a clear morphine‐sparing effect. (Pharmacotherapy 1997;17(5):891–899)
Comparison of 6‐Hour Infusion versus Bolus Furosemide in Premature Infants
Authors: Reiter Pamela D. , Makhlouf Rita , Stiles Alan D. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare the renal, hemodynamic, and pulmonary effects of a 6‐hour infusion of furosemide versus conventional bolus administration in premature infants.Design. Prospective, blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized study.Setting. Two level III, university‐based neonatal intensive care units.Patients. Thirty premature infants with significant lung disease, requiring furosemide after a red cell infusion.Interventions. Infants received furosemide 1 mg/kg over 2 minutes, followed by a 6‐hour placebo infusion, or a small loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg, followed by a slow infusion of 0.9 mg/kg over 6 hours. Serum and urine were collected to determine percentage fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).Measurements and Main Results. Urine output and blood pressure were measured every 2 hours after furosemide administration. Percentage FENa was measured immediately before furosemide and compared with pooled urine from an 8‐hour collection after furosemide administration. Serum sodium, creatinine, and calcium were measured before and 24 hours after drug administration. Mean airway pressure and percentage inspired oxygen were compared before, 1–4 hours after, and 4–12 hours after drug administration. No significant differences were detected between the two methods of drug administration.Conclusion. Our data suggest that a 6‐hour infusion of furosemide does not offer substantial clinical advantage over conventional bolus administration in premature infants when focusing on urine output, blood pressure, FENa, or pulmonary effect.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of Myostatin With a Myostatin Antibody Improves the Skeletal Muscle and Bone Phenotype of Male Insulin‐Deficient Diabetic Mice
Authors: Bunn R Clay , Adatorwovor Reuben , Smith Rebecca R , Ray Philip D , Fields Sarah E , Keeble Alexander R , Fry Christopher S , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Nyman Jeffry S , Fowlkes John L , Kalaitzoglou Evangelia 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with low bone and muscle mass, increased fracture risk, and impaired skeletal muscle function. Myostatin, a myokine that is systemically elevated in humans with T1D, negatively regulates muscle mass and bone formation. We investigated whether pharmacologic myostatin inhibition in a mouse model of insulin‐deficient, streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes is protective for bone and skeletal muscle. DBA/2J male mice were injected with low‐dose STZ (diabetic) or vehicle (non‐diabetic). Subsequently, insulin or palmitate Linbits were implanted and myostatin (REGN647‐MyoAb) or control (REGN1945‐ConAb) antibody was administered for 8 weeks. Body composition and contractile muscle function were assessed in vivo. Systemic myostatin, P1NP, CTX‐I, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were quantified, and gastrocnemii were weighed and analyzed for muscle fiber composition and gene expression of selected genes. Cortical and trabecular parameters were analyzed (micro‐computed tomography evaluations of femur) and cortical bone strength was assessed (three‐point bending test of femur diaphysis). In diabetic mice, the combination of insulin/MyoAb treatment resulted in significantly higher lean mass and gastrocnemius weight compared with MyoAb or insulin treatment alone. Similarly, higher raw torque was observed in skeletal muscle of insulin/MyoAb‐treated diabetic mice compared with MyoAb or insulin treatment. Additionally, muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) was lower with diabetes and the combination treatment with insulin/MyoAb significantly improved CSA in type II fibers. Insulin, MyoAb, or insulin/MyoAb treatment improved several parameters of trabecular architecture (eg, bone volume fraction [BV/TV], trabecular connectivity density [Conn.D]) and cortical structure (eg, cortical bone area [Ct. Ar.], minimum moment of inertia [Imin]) in diabetic mice. Lastly, cortical bone biomechanical properties (stiffness and yield force) were also improved with insulin or MyoAb treatment. In conclusion, pharmacologic myostatin inhibition is beneficial for muscle mass, muscle function, and bone properties in this mouse model of T1D and its effects are both independent and additive to the positive effects of insulin. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of oxidant molecules on the thermal decomposition of 4,7‐diaminopyridazino[4,5‐c]furanoxane crystal: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Cheng Huiming , Zhu Weihua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInserting oxidant molecules into the crystal voids to form oxidant cocrystal can greatly enhance the detonation properties of energetic materials. Therefore, oxidant cocrystals are regarded as one type of potential candidates of high energy density materials. The effects of the oxidants (HNO3 and HClO4) on the thermal decomposition mechanisms of two oxidant cocrystals (DPF(4,7‐diaminopyridazino[4,5‐c] furanoxane):HNO3 and DPF:HClO4) were investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). AIMD simulations are performed using a NVT ensemble. The temperature was controlled by a Nosé thermostat. First, we performed 5 ps simulations at 298.15 K to get an equilibrium system. Then, the simulations were performed at 3000 K with a time step of 1 fs and a total time of 15 ps. The initial degradation pathways of the two cocrystals have the same and involve the cleavage of the N–H and N–O bonds. Five different decay pathways were found in the subsequent reactions: intermolecular H transfer, N–O bond cleavage, N–N bond cleavage, and C–C bond formation and cleavage. Both HNO3 and HClO4 can promote the formation of N2, H2O and CO2, but only have a certain effect. Different oxidant molecules hardly affect the initial and subsequent decomposition paths of DPFH.
Magnetic Resonance Deep Learning Radiomic Model Based on Distinct Metastatic Vascular Patterns for Evaluating Recurrence‐Free Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Ma Li‐di , Zhang Xiao‐lan , Lei Cai , Yuan Sha‐sha , Li Jian‐peng , Geng Zhi‐jun , Li Xin‐ming , Quan Xian‐yue , Zheng Chao , Geng Ya‐yuan , Zhang Jie , Zheng Qiao‐li , Hou Jing , Xie Shu‐yi , Lu Liang‐he , Xie Chuan‐miao 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe metastatic vascular patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are mainly microvascular invasion (MVI) and vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC). However, most existing VETC‐related radiological studies still focus on the prediction of VETC status.PurposeThis study aimed to build and compare VETC‐MVI related models (clinical, radiomics, and deep learning) associated with recurrence‐free survival of HCC patients.Study TypeRetrospective.Population398 HCC patients (349 male, 49 female; median age 51.7 years, and age range: 22–80 years) who underwent resection from five hospitals in China. The patients were randomly divided into training cohort (n = 358) and test cohort (n = 40).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, pre‐contrast T1‐weighted imaging spoiled gradient recalled echo (T1WI SPGR), T2‐weighted imaging fast spin echo (T2WI FSE), and contrast enhanced arterial phase (AP), delay phase (DP).AssessmentTwo radiologists performed the segmentation of HCC on T1WI, T2WI, AP, and DP images, from which radiomic features were extracted. The RFS related clinical characteristics (VETC, MVI, Barcelona stage, tumor maximum diameter, and alpha fetoprotein) and radiomic features were used to build the clinical model, clinical‐radiomic (CR) nomogram, deep learning model. The follow‐up process was done 1 month after resection, and every 3 months subsequently. The RFS was defined as the date of resection to the date of recurrence confirmed by radiology or the last follow‐up. Patients were followed up until December 31, 2022.Statistical TestsUnivariate COX regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank test, C‐index, and area under the curve (AUC). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe C‐index of deep learning model achieved 0.830 in test cohort compared with CR nomogram (0.731), radiomic signature (0.707), and clinical model (0.702). The average RFS of the overall patients was 26.77 months (range 1–80 months).Data ConclusionMR deep learning model based on VETC and MVI provides a potential tool for survival assessment.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Pretreatment gamma‐glutamyl transferase predicts mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs
Authors: Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Liang Po‐Cheng , Jun Dae Won , Jung Jang Han , Toyoda Hidenori , Wang Chih‐Wen , Yuen Man‐Fung , Cheung Ka Shing , Yasuda Satoshi , Kim Sung Eun , Yoon Eileen L. , An Jihyun , Enomoto Masaru , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Chuma Makoto , Nozaki Akito , Ishikawa Toru , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Atsukawa Masanori , Arai Taeang , Hayama Korenobu , Ishigami Masatoshi , Cho Yong Kyun , Ogawa Eiichi , Kim Hyoung Su , Shim Jae‐Jun , Uojima Haruki , Jeong Soung Won , Ahn Sang Bong , Takaguchi Koichi , Senoh Tomonori , Buti Maria , Vargas‐Accarino Elena , Abe Hiroshi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Inoue Kaori , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Dai Chia‐Yen , Huang Chung‐Feng , Nguyen Mindie H. , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElevated serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels are associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, their role in predicting mortality in patients with CHB treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs (NAs) remains elusive. Altogether, 2843 patients with CHB treated with NAs were recruited from a multinational cohort. Serum GGT levels before and 6 months (Month‐6) after initiating NAs were measured to explore their association with all‐cause, liver‐related, and non‐liver‐related mortality. The annual incidence of all‐cause mortality was 0.9/100 person‐years over a follow‐up period of 17,436.3 person‐years. Compared with patients who survived, those who died had a significantly higher pretreatment (89.3 vs. 67.4 U/L, p = 0.002) and Month‐6‐GGT levels (62.1 vs. 38.4 U/L, p < 0.001). The factors associated with all‐cause mortality included cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.66/1.92–3.70, p < 0.001), pretreatment GGT levels (HR/CI: 1.004/1.003–1.006, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase level (HR/CI: 0.996/0.994–0.998, p = 0.001), and age (HR/CI: 1.06/1.04–1.07, p < 0.001). Regarding liver‐related mortality, the independent factors included cirrhosis (HR/CI: 4.36/2.79–6.89, p < 0.001), pretreatment GGT levels (HR/CI: 1.006/1.004–1.008, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase level (HR/CI: 0.993/0.990–0.997, p = 0.001), age (HR/CI: 1.03/1.01–1.05, p < 0.001), and fatty liver disease (HR/CI: 0.30/0.15–0.59, p = 0.001). Pretreatment GGT levels were also independently predictive of non‐liver‐related mortality (HR/CI: 1.003/1.000–1.005, p = 0.03). The results remained consistent after excluding the patients with a history of alcohol use. A dose‐dependent manner of <25, 25–75, and >75 percentile of pretreatment GGT levels was observed with respect to the all‐cause mortality (trend p < 0.001). Pretreatment serum GGT levels predicted all‐cause, liver‐related, and non‐liver‐related mortality in patients with CHB treated with NAs.
Vegetation patterns affect soil aggregate loss during water erosion
Authors: Zhao Zhun , Shi Peng , Bai Lulu , Dong Jingbing , Li Zhanbin , Li Peng , Wang Wen , Cui Lingzhou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil aggregates are important for improving the soil quality and structure. Soil erosion causes the fragmentation and migration of soil aggregates. Vegetation restoration is an effective method for controlling soil erosion, and the vegetation distribution on the slope changes the hydrological processes. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating the regulation of vegetation patterns in relation to soil aggregate loss. This study employed a physical model of a slope gully system to examine the characteristics of soil aggregates loss during erosion processes under four distinct vegetation patterns: no vegetation (pattern A), up‐slope vegetation (pattern B), middle‐slope vegetation (pattern C), and down‐slope vegetation (pattern D), utilizing simulated rainfall experiments. The results showed that under various patterns of vegetation, the loss of soil aggregates is predominantly driven by microaggregates (<0.25 mm), A (65.2%) < B (72.4%) < C (77.7%) < D (87.7%). On the contrary, there is an opposite trend of change observed in macroaggregates(>0.25 mm). The vegetation pattern had different effects on the enrichment rate of aggregates in sediments: the enrichment ratio of macroaggregates decreased by 20.9%–64.7% and the enrichment ratio of microaggregates increased by 11.1%–34.5%. The cumulative loss of soil aggregates and the cumulative runoff volume can be described by a linear equation: y = ax + b, where ‘a’ denotes the rate of soil aggregate loss. Vegetation patterns had the capacity to decrease the rate of macroaggregate loss. Among these patterns, pattern D exhibits the lowest rate, followed by patterns C, B, and A. These results indicated that down‐slope vegetation pattern is effective in reducing the loss of soil aggregates especially macroaggregates.
Merging and Band Transition of Bound States in the Continuum in Leaky‐Mode Photonic Lattices
Authors: Lee Sun‐Goo , Kim Seong‐Han , Lee Wook‐Jae 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) theoretically have the ability to confine electromagnetic waves in limited regions with infinite radiative quality (Q) factors. However, in practical experiments, resonances can only exhibit finite Q factors due to unwanted scattering losses caused by fabrication imperfections. Recently, it has been shown that ultrahigh‐Q guided‐mode resonances (GMRs), which are robust to fabrication imperfections, can be realized by merging multiple BICs in momentum space. This study analytically and numerically investigates the merging and band transition of accidental BICs in planar photonic lattices. Accidental BICs can merge at the edges of the second stop band, either with or without a symmetry‐protected BIC. The results show that as the thickness of the photonic lattice gradually increases, the merged state of BICs transitions from the upper to the lower band edge. Using coupled‐mode analysis, the analytical merging thickness at which multiple accidental BICs merge at the second‐order Γ point is presented. The coupled‐mode analysis can be beneficial for achieving ultrahigh‐Q GMRs in various photonic lattices composed of materials with different dielectric constants.