bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The classification of risks facing society in connection with the creation and spread of virtual assets: institutional and scientific approaches
Authors: Samsin Roman 
Published: December 2023

The article suggests that the emergence and proliferation of virtual assets has led to an increase in a number of negative events (risks) that society, States and investors might face. However, despite significant developments in identifying these risks, there is still no generalized classification of them. Given this, the purpose of the article is to analyze and classify the risks faced by society, States and investors in connection with the emergence and proliferation of virtual assets.
The author proposes to classify the risks into six groups based on the study: economic, investment, criminological, technological, subjective, and environmental risks. Within each of the proposed classification groups, the author identifies the relevant risks. For example, the economic risks include the following: the possibility of affecting the foundations of financial stability and security of the state, inflation (possible impact on the monetary policy of the state due to unjustified and uncontrolled increase in the money supply), the possibility of creating pyramid schemes, the possibility of circumventing currency legislation (in particular, currency restrictions on the withdrawal of currency abroad).
As to the subjective risks, the author identifies the following: the possibility of unfair behavior of entities providing services in the field of turnover of such assets, the possibility of losing a crypto wallet password and/or a secret personal PIN code by its owner, the possibility of an erroneous transaction during a transfer from one crypto wallet to another, the possibility of carrying out settlement operations and entering into smart contracts by persons under the appropriate age or with limited legal capacity, and the inability of some non-professional users to use virtual assets.
It is emphasized that a comprehensive study of the risks that may arise in connection with the emergence and proliferation of virtual assets will form the basis for further development of legal support for their operation and implementation in all spheres of public life.
To the question reform of the state system of legal protection of intellectual property in Ukraine
Authors: Svitlichnyy Olexander 
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the current state of intellectual property protection in Ukraine. It is emphasized that in accordance with the provisions of Art. 41 of the Constitution of Ukraine, everyone has the right to own, use and dispose of their property, the results of their intellectual and creative activities. Article 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine stipulates and guarantees everyone the use of all national types of legal protection, protection of rights and freedoms in court. According to the second part of Art. 124 of the Basic Law, the jurisdiction of the courts extends to any legal disputes and all legal relations arising in the state. In addition to the guaranteed constitutional right to judicial protection of intellectual property rights, the norms of special legislation in the field of intellectual property determine the legal basis for the protection of violated rights.
In connection with the reform of the state system of legal protection of intellectual property, the Concept of reforming the state system of legal protection of intellectual property in Ukraine, approved by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated June 1, 2016 No. 402-r, was analyzed, which states that the state system of legal protection of intellectual property property implements the state system of legal protection of intellectual property, and also draws attention to the imperfect and inert system of state management of intellectual property, which has led to the absence of significant changes in the adaptation of the legislative framework to modern economic and political conditions (the fight against patent trolling, Internet piracy, satisfaction needs of the IT industry, military industry), as well as the National Strategy for the Development of Intellectual Property in Ukraine for the period until 2020, where a two-level structure of the state system has been created instead of a three-level structure. Separate provisions of the legislation, the norms of which guarantee the protection of intellectual property rights, as well as special laws and by-laws defining the reformation and functioning of the state system of legal protection of intellectual property, are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that today the state system of intellectual property protection in Ukraine has an extensive system of state authorities that ensure the protection and protection of the violated subjective rights of copyright holders. The existing problematic issues of intellectual property protection are analyzed and the author’s proposals for improving the state of protection and protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine are formulated.
Legal mechanism of avoiding double taxation in the European Union
Authors: Zhelekhovska Tetiana 
Published: December 2023

The article titled “Legal Mechanism of Avoiding Double Taxation in the European Union” provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate legal framework established within the European Union (EU) to tackle the pervasive issue of double taxation.
The contemporary landscape of the European Union is characterized by a dynamic and interconnected economic environment, fostering a thriving cross-border business ecosystem. However, this vitality often encounters significant impediments in the form of double taxation, where individuals or entities are subject to taxation in multiple EU member states for the same income or transaction. Double taxation not only creates administrative burdens but also undermines the seamless operation of the EU’s internal market.
The article provides a comprehensive understanding of double taxation, delineating its various forms. It highlights the potential consequences of double taxation on businesses and individuals, such as reduced competitiveness, disincentives for foreign investment, and impediments to economic growth within the EU etc.
Against this backdrop, the article delves into the central theme of the legal mechanisms implemented by the European Union to combat double taxation. It recognizes that while taxation is primarily within the purview of individual member states, the EU has intervened with a series of directives, treaties, and judicial rulings to harmonize and streamline tax practices.
The article “Legal Mechanism of Avoiding Double Taxation in the European Union” explores the complex and crucial issue of double taxation within the EU. It delves into the various legal instruments, directives, and tax treaties that have been established to prevent or mitigate double taxation, which can arise when individuals or businesses are subject to taxation in multiple EU member states. The article provides insights into key EU directives, bilateral tax treaties, European Court of Justice practice etc.
Observation of Dietary Habits among Diagnosed Ischemic Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Mahbubur Rahman  , Panchanan Das  , Abu Zahid Basunia  , AHM Anisuzzaman  , Al Amin  
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major health concern globally and is particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. Dietary habits play a crucial role in the prevention and management of IHD. This study aimed to observe the dietary habits among diagnosed ischemic heart disease patients in Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh, involving 258 IHD patients. Data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and participants were classified into three groups based on their dietary habits. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained.
Result: The majority of respondents (65.9%) were aged 55 years and above, with a mean age of 58.12 years. Regarding education, 49.2% had completed their SSC or equivalent, and 28.7% had completed their HSC or equivalent. Most participants (65.1%) had a monthly income of less than 20,000 taka. Among the total, 22.48% were smokers, and 77.52% did not smoke. Only 7.36% followed a vegetable-prone diet (Group-1), 28.68% adhered to a middle-class food diet (Group-2), and the majority, 63.95%, consumed a fatty food diet (Group-3). While 39.53% did not consume vegetables daily, 31.01% had adequate servings, and 29.46% had inadequate servings. Only 25.97% had a daily fruit intake, all with inadequate amounts, and 74.03% did not consume fruits regularly. None of the respondents had an adequate fruit intake. Finally, 68.60% of respondents reported consuming extra salt, while 31.40% did not.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote healthier dietary habits among IHD patients in Bangladesh. By implementing evidence-based strategies and fostering multi-sectoral collaboration, it is possible to improve IHD prevention and management in this population.
The system of comparisons in the works of Even poets
Authors: Vinokurova Antonina Afanas'evna , Egorova Sargylana Ivanovna 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of the system of comparisons used in the language of Even poetry. The paper provides a list of means of expressing comparisons, distinguished from the positions of "subject", "predicate" and "argument". In order to develop a universal comprehensive model for studying the technique of poetic comparison as a component of the poet's style, we conducted observations on the language of poetic works by Even poets Nikolai Tarabukin, Platon Lamutsky, Andrei Krivoshapkin, Evdokia Bokova and Varvara Arkuk. The obtained material allows, first of all, to clarify the list of means of expressing poetic comparison. Analyzing the material on this topic, we came to the conclusion that comparisons help the poet convey the feeling and mood of the lyrical hero, create a poetic text mainly, such an approach performs such an important function as aesthetic. When classifying examples, we rely on the original Even language and the main research methods are semantic-stylistic, contextual, classification, and also use field methodology. The methodology uses the works of A.N. Veselovsky, A. A. Potebni, B. V. Tomashevsky. The novelty of this article is determined by the fact that Even poetry is one of the young literatures of the national literature of the Russian Federation. The means of enhancing the visual expressiveness of speech, the comparison used by the Even poets, reveal the art of the original culture of the Evens and the wonderful flair of the native Even language. Comparison is a universal cognitive structure where a person learns about the world around them. In Even poetry, the authors, revealing the picture of the world of the North and the Arctic, using a comparison, showed a special artistic perception. The North and the Arctic remain the space that was mastered by the northern peoples and they created a circumpolar culture where the world of people and nature are harmonious. In the poetry of the Even poets, we have identified some noteworthy comparisons that create their own special artistic poetic language.
Influence of Company Internal Factors and Macroeconomics on Capital Structure Moderated by Firm Size
Authors: Hasani Ziddan , Purwidianti Wida , Rahmawati Ika Yustina , Bagis Fatmah 
Published: December 2023

Aims: This study aims to determine the influence of internal company factors and macroeconomics on the capital structure of non-financial companies listed in the LQ-45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Study Design: Companies listed in the LQ-45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018-2022.
Place and Duration of Study: LQ-45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the population is 45 companies. Use purposive sampling the sample is 17 companies.
Methodology: Using purposive sampling, researcher obtained 83 unbalance data panel. The test of the sample using descriptive statistic test, classical assumption test, and moderated regression test to test the hypothesis using SPSS 25.
Results: The result showed that profitability positively and significantly affects capital structure. Liquidity has a negative and significant effect on capital structure. Tangibility has an insignificant positive impact on capital structure. Meanwhile, inflation and GDP have negative and insignificant effects on capital structure. Firm size significantly moderates the effect of profitability and liquidity on capital structure. Meanwhile, the firm size does not significantly moderate the tangibility, inflation, and GDP effect on capital structure.
Conclusion: Looking at the profitability variable, companies contained in the LQ-45 index tend to follow the trade-off theory. The company still considers the return on debt in funding operations and investments. Companies also tend to make profits as dividends to shareholders. The firm size is able to moderate the effect of profitability on capital structure significantly. Firm size can weaken the positive influence of profitability on the capital structure.
Water Wave Solutions Using Lagrangian Function from Hamilton’s Principle
Authors: Sultana Mst. Shamima , Pk Md. Abu Bkar 
Published: December 2023

This paper concerns the development and application of the Lagrangian function which is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy of the system. Here irrotational, incompressible, inviscid fluid in finite water depth is considered. Our attention is to focus on the problem to solve water wave evolution with Lagrangian function which is obtained from Hamilton’s Principle. Then Lagrangian function is expanded under the assumption that the dispersion \(\mu\) and the nonlinearity \(\varepsilon\) satisfied \(\varepsilon\) = O(\(\mu^2\)). Here the Lagrangian function is generalised up to O(\(\mu^8\)). The elevation of the free surface should be expanded to \(\mu^4\) order to get the Lagrangian function is in \(\mu^8\) order. Finally a wave model from Euler- Lagrangian equation of motion has been generalized which follows that the generalized wave velocity decreases with the large value of time and at very large time, a wave crest and trough will be diminished.
Influence of Particle Size on the Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Powder of Trunk Bark Parkia biglobosa (JACQ) (Fabaceae-Mimosadeae)
Authors: Laurent Boly A. G. , Rainatou Boly , Boladé Atchadé C. , Esther Belem-Kabré W. L. M. , Tata Traore K. , Norbert Ouattara S. W. , Salfo Ouedraogo , Noëla Youl E. H. , Noufou Ouedraogo 
Published: December 2023

Aims: The present study aim was to evaluate influence of particle size on the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of powder of trunk bark Parkia biglobosa.
Study Design: This is an experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: The study was realized in the Phytomedicine and Medicine Research-Development (LR-D/PM) laboratories of the Health Sciences Research Institute (IRSS) of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.
Methodology: The powder was sieved and classified into four particle sizes: coarse, moderately fine, fine, and very fine. An aqueous decoction was then made from these powders. The extraction yields, qualitative phytochemical composition, and the estimation of polyphenol compound content were determined. The antioxidant effect of the extracts was obtained using four antioxidant models: ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated against the soybean 15-lipoxygenase.
Results: Decreasing the particle size from coarse to very fine resulted in an approximately two-fold increase in extraction yield (from 12.19 to 29.05); an approximately two-fold increase in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities: ABTS (from 4.1 ± 0.1 to 1.4 ± 0.3 µg/mL); DPPH (from 7.3 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.3 µg/mL); FRAP (from 885.6 ± 84 to 6973 ± 21 mmol EAA/g), and LOX (from 34.09 ± 1.43 to 2.88 ± 0.65 µg/mL). Moreover, the modification of the particle size has also improved the LPO inhibitory activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The increased surface area in contact with the extraction solvent may explain the interesting effect of the very fine powder
Conclusion: The very fine powder offers more significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this powder can be suggested to develop a phytomedicine against inflammatory diseases
Ultrafast Infrared Plasmonics
Authors: Luo Yang , Sun Zhiyuan , Sun Zhipei , Dai Qing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUltrafast plasmonics represents a cutting‐edge frontier in light‐matter interactions, providing a unique platform to study electronic interactions and collective motions across femtosecond to picosecond timescales. In the infrared regime, where energy aligns with the rearrangements of low‐energy electrons, molecular vibrations, and thermal fluctuations, ultrafast plasmonics can be a powerful tool for revealing ultrafast electronic phase transitions, controlling molecular reactions, and driving subwavelength thermal processes. Here, the evolution of ultrafast infrared plasmonics, discussing the recent progress in their manipulation, detection, and applications is reviewed. The future opportunities, including their potential to probe electronic correlations, investigate intrinsic ultrafast plasmonic interactions, and enable advanced applications in quantum information are highlighted, which may be promoted by multi‐physical field integrated ultrafast techniques.
Facet‐Dependent Cold Welding of Au Nanorods Revealed by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wang Wen , Song Dongxing , Meng Fangjie , Fan Sufeng , Cai Ran , Cheng Shaobo , Shan Chongxin , Xu Tao , Zheng Haimei , Sun Litao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCold welding of metals at the nanoscale has been demonstrated to play a significant role in bottom‐up manufacturing and self‐healing processes of nanostructures and nanodevices. However, the welding mechanism at the nanoscale is not well understood. In this study, a comprehensive demonstration of the cold welding process of gold nanorods with different modes is presented through in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the nanorods are welded through the facet‐dependent atomic surface diffusion and rearrangement along {100} facets. The density functional theory calculations indicate that the preferred coalescence of two {100} surfaces is thermodynamically favorable. Unlike the prevalent “oriented attachment” in the nanoparticle coalescence, the misalignment of nanorod orientations and local stresses can induce grain boundaries and stacking faults in the welded interface.
Lewis and Brønsted Acids Synergy in Photocatalytic Aerobic Alcohol Oxidations
Authors: Yu Dexi , Zou Junhua , Zeng Lingdong , Hou Yidong , Lin Wei , Wu Ling , Anpo Masakazu , Yu Jimmy C. , Zhang Jinshui , Wang Xinchen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotocatalytic chemical transformations for green organic synthesis has attracted much interest. However, their development is greatly hampered by the lack of sufficient reactive sites on the photocatalyst surface for the adsorption and activation of substrate molecules. Herein, we demonstrate that the introduction of well‐defined Lewis and Brønsted acid sites coexisting on the surface of TiO2 (SO42−/N‐TiO2) creates abundant active adsorption sites for photoredox reactions. The electron‐deficient Lewis acid sites supply coordinatively unsaturated surface sites to adsorb molecular oxygen, and the Brønsted acid sites are liable to donate protons to form hydrogen bonds with the OH groups of alcohols like benzyl alcohol (BA). These coexistent acid sites result in a strong synergistic effect in photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of BA. For example, the conversion of BA to benzaldehyde was found to be 88.6 %, being much higher than those of pristine TiO2 (14.7 %), N‐doped TiO2 (N‐TiO2, 24.6 %), sulfated TiO2 (SO42−/ TiO2, 35.4 %), and even their sum. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) was determined to be 58.1 % at 365 nm and 12.9 % at 420 nm over SO42−/N‐TiO2. This strategy to create effective synergistic Lewis and Brønsted acids on the catalyst surfaces enables us to apply it to other semiconducting photocatalytic organic transformations.
Polyethylene Furanoate (PEF) Production Using Nanowire Based Super Acid Catalysts
Authors: Kannapu Hari Prasad Reddy , Arora Shalini , Nouduri Abhinav , Weerasekera Naveen , Bhatia Bikram , Sunkara Mahendra K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, bioplastic polyethylene furanoate (PEF) is synthesized using polycondensation of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol at a temperature of 220°C using a solid nanowire based super‐acid catalyst. The super acid catalyst is made by phosphating titania nanowires. Specifically, the reactions resulted in over 90% FDCA conversion and 85% PEF yield in a short period of 3 h using superacid catalysts at a loading of < 1% by wt. The mechanical properties of PEF, including glass transition temperature (84°C), melting point (210°C), and crystallinity (1.48 g/cm3), demonstrate the high quality of the PEF produced. Barocaloric properties of resulting PEF polymers are also studied which show promise.
pH Threshold Impacts Chalcopyrite Bioleaching Dynamics for the Extreme Thermoacidophile Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis
Authors: Willard Daniel J. , Manesh Mohammad J. H. , John Kaitlyn M. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis served as the basis for probing how initial pH (pHinitial) affects copper mobilization from chalcopyrite. Screening of small‐scale cultures (75 mL) at 75°C revealed that ~pH 3.0 was a maximal threshold for bioleaching onset. Subsequently, chalcopyrite at 10 g/L in 750 mL culture media, containing small amounts of ferric ion, adjusted to pH 2.5 with sulfuric acid and incubated for 24 h at 75°C before inoculation, brought the pH to approximately 3.0 through abiotic chemical reactions. However, the resulting subtle differences in pHinitial (3.0 ± 0.15) in bioleaching cultures, while not affecting microbial growth, were critical to bioleaching onset and progress. Initial iron levels were less important than pHinitial in starting the bioleaching process. X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) surface analysis informed bioleaching trajectories over 21 days and reinforced the impact of pHinitial. The subtle differences in pHinitial markedly affected S. ohwakuensis onset and outcomes, as it presumably would for other bioleaching thermoacidophilic archaea. Furthermore, the findings here highlight the challenges faced in replicating bioleaching experiments across, and even within, laboratories as well as in achieving consistent results in bioleaching processes.