bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of basal insulin and omega 3 fatty acids on cognitive impairment in dysglycaemia: An exploratory analysis of the ORIGIN trial
Authors: Cukierman‐Yaffe Tali , Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie , Bosch Jackie , Gerstein Hertzel C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe outcomes reduction with an initial glargine intervention (ORIGIN) trial reported that, allocation to insulin glargine‐mediated normoglycaemia versus standard care, and to omega 3 fatty acids versus placebo had a neutral effect on cognitive test scores when analysed as continuous variables. Analyses of these scores as standardized categorical variables using a previously validated strategy may yield different results.Materials and MethodsThe ORIGIN trial recruited participants with dysglycaemia and additional cardiovascular risk factors from 573 sites in 40 countries. They completed a mini mental state examination and a subset completed the digit symbol substitution test at baseline and up to three subsequent visits. The effect of the interventions on country‐standardized substantive cognitive impairment, defined as the first occurrence of a baseline‐adjusted follow‐up mini mental state examination or digit symbol substitution test score ≥1.5 standard deviations below the baseline mean score in each participant's country was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 6.2 years, 2627 of 11 682 people (22.5%) developed country‐standardized substantive cognitive impairment. The hazard of this outcome was reduced by 9% (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85, 0.99; p = .023) in participants assigned to insulin glargine (21.6%) versus standard care (23.3%). Conversely, the hazard of this outcome was not affected by assignment to omega 3 fatty acid versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.86, 1.01; p = .074).ConclusionsIn this post hoc exploratory analysis, insulin glargine‐mediated normoglycaemia but not omega 3 fatty acids reduced the hazard of substantive cognitive impairment in people with dysglycaemia and additional cardiovascular risk factors.
Validation of an international classification of disease, tenth revision, clinical modification (ICD‐10‐CM) algorithm in identifying severe hypoglycaemia events for real‐world studies
Authors: Her Qoua L. , Dejene Sara Z. , Ismail Sherin , Wang Tiansheng , Jonsson‐Funk Michele , Pate Virigina , Min Jea Young , Flory James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe transition to the ICD‐10‐CM coding system has reduced the utility of hypoglycaemia algorithms based on ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis codes in real‐world studies of antidiabetic drugs. We mapped a validated ICD‐9‐CM hypoglycaemia algorithm to ICD‐10‐CM codes to create an ICD‐10‐CM hypoglycaemia algorithm and assessed its performance in identifying severe hypoglycaemia.Materials and MethodsWe assembled a cohort of Medicare patients with DM and linked electronic health record (EHR) data to the University of North Carolina Health System and identified candidate severe hypoglycaemia events from their Medicare claims using the ICD‐10‐CM hypoglycaemia algorithm. We confirmed severe hypoglycaemia by EHR review and computed a positive predictive value (PPV) of the algorithm to assess its performance. We refined the algorithm by removing poor performing codes (PPV ≤0.5) and computed a Cohen's statistic to evaluate the agreement of the EHR reviews.ResultsThe algorithm identified 642 candidate severe hypoglycaemia events, and we confirmed 455 as true severe hypoglycaemia events, PPV of 0.709 (95% confidence interval: 0.672, 0.744). When we refined the algorithm, the PPV increased to 0.893 (0.862, 0.918) and missed <2.42% (<11) true severe hypoglycaemia events. Agreement between reviewers was high,  = 0.93 (0.89, 0.97).ConclusionsWe translated an ICD‐9‐CM hypoglycaemia algorithm to an ICD‐10‐CM version and found its performance was modest. The performance of the algorithm improved by removing poor performing codes at the trade‐off of missing very few severe hypoglycaemia events. The algorithm has the potential to be used to identify severe hypoglycaemia in real‐world studies of antidiabetic drugs.
Diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography to identify synovial penetration in horses with traumatic limb wounds
Authors: Michotte Marie , Raes Els , Oosterlinck Maarten 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic value of plain radiography for diagnosing synovial penetration in limb wounds near synovial structures has not been determined.ObjectivesTo assess diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography to identify synovial penetration in horses with traumatic limb wounds.Study designRetrospective case study.MethodsCase records of horses presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent University (2011–2021) with limb wounds near synovial structures were categorised in groups with and without synovial penetration using results of synovial fluid analysis and surgical findings. Plain radiographic images were evaluated retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the total study sample and for the cases with and without use of a metallic probe in the wound during radiographic evaluation.ResultsBased on the total sample of 141 horses with synovial penetration and 75 cases without synovial involvement, plain radiography presented a sensitivity of 61% (95% CI: 52%–69%), a specificity of 81% (95% CI: 70%–89%), a PPV of 86% (95% CI: 79%–90%) and a NPV of 53% (95% CI: 46%–58%). With the use of a metallic probe, a sensitivity of 54% (95% Cl: 39%–69%), a specificity of 88% (95% Cl: 64%–99%), a PPV of 93% (95% Cl: 78%–98%) and a NPV of 41% (95% Cl: 32%–49%) were obtained.Main limitationsSample size did not allow comparing different synovial structures. Results can be influenced by individual case characteristics.ConclusionsIf findings of a series of plain radiographs suggest synovial penetration in horses with a wound near a synovial cavity, then synovial penetration is likely, but the absence of plain radiographic findings does not rule out synovial penetration. The use of a metallic probe during radiography may be helpful. However, plain radiography should be interpreted cautiously, and clinical decision making should also include other techniques.
Epidemiology and clinical features of paroxysmal hemicrania: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Henningsen Mikkel J. , Larsen Johanne G. , Karlsson William K. , Christensen Rune H. , Al‐Khazali Haidar M. , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Ashina Håkan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence or relative frequency of paroxysmal hemicrania and its clinical features in the adult general population and among adult patients evaluated for headache in tertiary care.BackgroundParoxysmal hemicrania is a rare trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia with characteristic attacks of headache, associated cranial autonomic symptoms and signs, and an absolute response to indomethacin. Its epidemiological burden remains unknown in both the adult general population and among adult patients evaluated for headache in a tertiary care setting. Moreover, the frequencies of the clinical features associated with paroxysmal hemicrania have not been well established.MethodsA literature search of PubMed and Embase was conducted from January 1, 1988, to January 20, 2023. Eligible for inclusion were observational studies reporting the point prevalence or relative frequency of paroxysmal hemicrania or its clinical features in the adult general population or among adult patients evaluated for headache in tertiary care. Two independent investigators (M.J.H. and J.G.L.) performed the title, abstract, and full‐text article screening. Each included study's risk of bias was critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Estimates of prevalence or relative frequency were calculated using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. The between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and further explored with meta‐regression. This study was pre‐registered on PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42023391127).ResultsA total of 17 clinic‐based studies and one population‐based study met the eligibility criteria. Importantly, an overall high risk of bias was observed across the eligible studies. The relative frequency of paroxysmal hemicrania was estimated to be 0.3% (95% CI, 0.2%–0.5%) among adult patients evaluated for headache in tertiary care with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 76.4%). No cases with paroxysmal hemicrania were identified among 1,838 participants in a population‐based sample. Moreover, the most prevalent cranial autonomic symptoms were lacrimation (77.3% [95% Cl, 62.7%–87.3%]), conjunctival injection (75.0% [95% Cl, 60.3%–85.6%]), and nasal congestion (47.7% [95% Cl, 33.6%–62.3%]).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that paroxysmal hemicrania is a rare disorder among adults evaluated for headache in tertiary care, while its prevalence in the general population remains unknown. Further studies focusing on the clinical features of paroxysmal hemicrania are warranted.
Perspectives of researchers and clinicians on patient and public involvement (PPI) in preclinical spinal cord research: An interview study
Authors: Carroll Pádraig , Smith Éimear , Dervan Adrian , McCarthy Ciarán , Beirne Cliff , Quinlan John , Harte Geoff , O'Flynn Dónal , O'Brien Fergal J. , Moriarty Frank , Flood Michelle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatient and public involvement (PPI) in research is an embedded practice in clinical research, however, its role in preclinical or laboratory‐based research is less well established and presents specific challenges. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of two key stakeholder groups, preclinical researchers and clinicians on PPI in preclinical research, using spinal cord research as a case study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted online with 11 clinicians and 11 preclinical researchers all working in the area of spinal cord injury (SCI). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.FindingsNine themes were developed through analysis. Participants' perspectives included that people living with SCI had a right to be involved, that PPI can improve the relevance of preclinical research, and that PPI can positively impact the experiences of researchers. They identified the distance between lab‐based research and the daily experiences of living with SCI to be a barrier and proactive management of accessibility and the motivated and networked SCI community as key facilitators. To develop strong partnerships, participants suggested setting clear expectations, ensuring good communication, and demonstrating respect for the time of PPI contributors involved in the research.ConclusionsWhile traditionally PPI has been more commonly associated with clinical research, participants identified several potential benefits of PPI in preclinical spinal cord research that have applicability to preclinical researchers more broadly. Preclinical spinal researchers should explore how to include PPI in their work.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was conducted as part of a broader project aiming to develop an evidence base for preclinical PPI that draws on a 5‐year preclinical research programme focused on the development of advanced biomaterials for spinal cord repair as a case study. A PPI Advisory Panel comprising seriously injured rugby players, clinicians, preclinical researchers, and PPI facilitators collaborated as co‐authors on the conceptualisation, design of the interview protocol, data analysis and writing of this manuscript.
Design and optimization of TiB2‐based ceramic tool materials based on fuzzy theory
Authors: Wang Dong , Bao Jingyang , Zhao Bo , Ding Zhengwei , Zheng Guang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on the material properties and fuzzy theory, a new design method of TiB2‐based composite ceramic tool material was proposed, and the TiB2‐based composite ceramic tool material with excellent friction and wear resistance was designed. Initially, the fuzzy evaluation method was used to establish the matrix of the friction and wear resistance of the material, and the TiB2‐based material component with excellent friction and wear resistance was determined. Ultimately, based on the principle of fuzzy cognitive map, the correlation mapping of “sintering process–microstructure–mechanical properties” was established, and the composition ratio and sintering process were optimized. The results show that the TiB2–TaC–TiC ceramic tool material had excellent friction and wear resistance. When the volume content of TaC was 8 vol.%, the volume content of TiC was 20 vol.%, the heating rate was 100°C/min, the holding time was 8 min, the sintering temperature was 1600°C, and the sintering pressure was 50 MPa, the mechanical properties were hardness 23.5 GPa, bending strength 438 MPa, and fracture toughness 10.26 MPa∙m1/2.
Ethical challenges for nurses delivering coercive interventions in community mental health settings: A scoping review
Authors: Haines Stephen , Stanton Robert , Anderson Carina , Welch Anthony 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe number of Australians subject to coercive interventions in community mental health services continues to increase. This is in the context of a growing awareness of the harms from coercion, increasing concerns about potential breaches of human rights and an ongoing uncertainty regarding the clinical benefits of community treatment orders, the primary instrument of legislated coercion in community mental health services. Nurses in community mental health services are on the frontline with regard to coercion. They police the requirements of the community treatment order, administer medication to people in community settings without their consent and facilitate re‐hospitalisation if indicated. Coercive practice contradicts the person‐centred, recovery‐oriented and trauma‐informed care principles that inform contemporary mental health nursing. This contradiction may generate ethical challenges for nurses and result in ethical distress. The aim of this scoping review was to map the research literature on how nurses in community mental health settings recognise and manage the harm associated with the administration of coercive interventions and consider the ethical challenges that may arise within this practice. The search strategy yielded 562 studies with author consensus determining a total of three articles as meeting the inclusion criteria. The resulting literature identified three themes: (1) maintaining the therapeutic relationship, (2) promoting autonomy and (3) using subtle forms of control. This review demonstrated that there is minimal research that has considered the ethical challenges related to the use of coercion by nurses in community mental health settings.
Information systems‐enabled sustainability transformation: A study of an energy self‐sufficient village in Germany
Authors: Xu Linna , Du Wenyu (Derek) , Pan Shan L. , Send Hendrik , Grosse Matti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInformation systems (IS) play an important role in helping organisations attain environmental sustainability targets, and how to use IS for sustainability transformation is attracting research attention. However, extant studies have mainly focused on such transformation of business enterprises, overlooking it of communities. Our study intends to fill this gap by conducting an in‐depth case study at Feldheim, a small village in Germany that has successfully built a renewable energy system using IS and achieved energy self‐sufficiency. Guided by the belief‐action‐outcome (BAO) framework, our study unveiled a process model of antecedents, belief and action formation, and outcomes specific to community‐based sustainability transformation. The model also reveals three roles that IS assume in such transformation: participation objects, connectivity enablement, and fluctuation mitigation. Our study contributes to the literature on IS‐enabled sustainability transformation by extending it from the business enterprise context to the community context. It also provides communities with guidelines for conducting IS‐enabled sustainability transformation.
Self‐lubricating effect of solid solution elements on tribological performance of Ti3AlC2 over a wide temperature range
Authors: Cai Leping , Li Jinxin , Luo Baoji , Yang Jie , He Nairu , Jia Junhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores the feasibility of tribological self‐lubricating over a wide temperature range by doping Si and Sn solid solution components on the A‐sites of Ti3AlC2 to adapt to the severe circumstances. The specimens were sintered at 1450°C for 120 min under a pressure of 30 MPa in a vacuum environment, and their dry sliding tribological capabilities against Al2O3 at temperatures ranging from ambient temperature to 800°C were investigated using a rotational ball‐on‐disk tribo‐tester. The findings demonstrated a constantly decreased friction coefficient of Ti3Al0.8Si0.2Sn0.2C2 throughout the temperature range and admirable antifriction at higher temperatures where wear rates were 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than those at room temperature, which was superior to earlier reported Ti3AlC2. The predominant friction surface self‐adaptability mechanisms after solid solution treatment were determined to be tribo‐oxidation wear and tribo‐chemical reactions that played a vital role by examining the microstructural evolutions and tribo‐chemical phase composition on friction surfaces at various temperatures. The tribo‐oxidation‐induced generated lubricant film consisting of TiO2, Al2O3, SnO2 mixture oxide phases, and aluminosilicates was responsible for the decreased friction coefficient and wear rate.
Systematic investigation of the influence of suspended particles on UV‐C inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid food systems
Authors: Woll Benedikt , Cvetkova Svetlana , Gräf Volker , Scharfenberger‐Schmeer Maren , Durner Dominik , Stahl Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUV‐C treatment of food products is a non‐thermal, energy‐ and cost‐efficient alternative to traditional thermal treatment. To ensure a shelf‐stable product, it is necessary to understand the UV‐C dose–response relationship of spoilage microorganisms in liquid food. Two product parameters in particular have a significant affect on the UV‐C propagation through liquid food: the absorption of dissolved substances and the absorption and scattering of suspended particles in the liquid. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of suspended solids on the UV‐C inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in model suspensions with different opacifiers (silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, and polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA]). PMMA spheres with 11 different diameters ranging from 100 to 6 μm were used to determine the influence of particle size on the inactivation process. Particles with a high imaginary part with respect to the refractive index at 254 nm absorb the UV‐C light instead of scattering it. This energy loss results in less inactivation of S. cerevisiae. Non‐absorbing particles affect inactivation if their size results in Mie scattering. Suspensions of particles between 500 nm and 2 μm significantly reduce the efficiency of the process. The greatest influence is seen at a size of about 900 nm, where the Mie scattering efficiency of PMMA in water is at its maximum. Suspensions with turbidity of 1000 NTU, consisting of particles larger than 2 μm, had no effect on the inactivation of S. cerevisiae. Particle sizes that are in the Rayleigh scattering range (<500 nm) show little to no effect on inactivation. This correlation was confirmed by inactivation experiments of S. cerevisiae in cloudy and clarified apple and grape juice. The results show, that the determination of the particle size distribution and its ratio to the wavelength is crucial for predicting the efficiency of microorganism inactivation by UV‐C light.Practical ApplicationsUV‐C treatment is a cold pasteurization process. It is a cost‐effective alternative to the conventional heat treatment. The inactivation of organisms only occurs when they are directly exposed to the UV‐C light. Liquid foods rather are suspensions than solutions. The presence of suspended particles can significantly reduce the efficacy of the treatment. It is imperative to understand the effect of suspended particles on process efficiency.
Enhancing the quality attributes of mint medicinal plant (Mentha spicata L.) through simultaneous combined ozone and infrared drying
Authors: Shafiee Zahra , Samani Bahram Hosseinzadeh , Rostami Sajad , Lorigooini Zahra , Jmashidi‐kia Fatemeh , Taki Kimia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMedicinal plants are widely used in various traditional and modern medical methods due to their therapeutic properties. Drying is a common method used to preserve the biochemical compounds of medicinal plants. Still, conventional drying methods can lead to the loss of active compounds due to exposure to high temperatures. This research aimed to design and construct an ozone generator for use in a combined dryer and evaluate the ozone, temperature, and hot air flow rate on the quality properties of mint (Mentha spicata L.). Drying experiments were conducted at varying temperatures, air flow speeds, and ozone levels. Results indicated that increasing temperature reduced total phenol and flavonoid content while increasing antioxidant capacity. Higher airflow speed positively influenced total phenol, total flavonoid content and antioxidant potency but reduced drying time. Ozone exposure increased total phenol, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and had minimal effect on drying time. Optimization revealed that a temperature of 52.47°C, air flow rate of 1.5 m/s, and 90.37% ozone concentration yielded favorable outcomes, including enhanced phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant power, and decreased energy consumption. Compared to other drying methods, the proposed ozone‐enhanced method proved superior in preserving bioactive compounds and maintaining a reasonable drying time. Overall, the research highlights the potential of ozone‐assisted drying for optimizing the quality of medicinal plants during preservation.Practical ApplicationThe paper introduces a novel and efficient method for preserving the quality of medicinal mint. By concurrently applying ozone and infrared drying techniques, this approach aims to capitalize on their synergistic effects in maintaining the plant's beneficial compounds. Ozone acts as a natural antimicrobial agent, preserving the plant's integrity, while infrared drying expedites the process without compromising the phytochemical profile. This innovative method not only ensures microbial safety and extended shelf life but also enhances the mint's aroma, flavor, and nutrient retention. The practical application of this combined technique holds promise for pharmaceutical and herbal industries, providing a valuable approach for optimizing the drying process and preserving the medicinal attributes of Mentha spicata L.