bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-supernova outbursts by core magnetic activity
Authors: Cohen Tamar , Soker Noam 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We conduct one-dimensional stellar evolutionary numerical simulations under the assumption that an efficient dynamo operates in the core of massive stars years to months before core collapse and find that the magnetic activity enhances mass-loss rate and might trigger binary interaction that leads to outbursts. We assume that the magnetic flux tubes that the dynamo forms in the inner core buoy out to the outer core where there is a steep entropy rise and a molecular weight drop. There the magnetic fields turn to thermal energy, i.e. by reconnection. We simulate this energy deposition where the entropy steeply rises and find that for our simulated cases the envelope radius increases by a factor of ≃1.2–2 and luminosity by about an order of magnitude. These changes enhance the mass-loss rate. The envelope expansion can trigger a binary interaction that powers an outburst. Because magnetic field amplification depends positively on the core rotation rate and operates in cycles, not in all cases the magnetic activity will be powerful enough to change envelope properties. Namely, only a fraction of core-collapse supernovae experiences pre-explosion outbursts.
The RMS survey: A census of massive YSO multiplicity in the K band
Authors: Shenton Robert G , Houghton Rebecca J , Oudmaijer René D , Goodwin Simon P , Lumsden Stuart L , Koumpia Evgenia , Koutoulaki Maria 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Close to 100 per cent of massive stars are thought to be in binary systems. The multiplicity of massive stars seems to be intrinsically linked to their formation and evolution, and massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) are key in observing this early stage of star formation. We have surveyed three samples totalling hundreds of MYSOs ($\gt 8\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) across the Galaxy from the Red MSX Source (RMS) catalogue, using United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) and Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) point source data, and UKIRT K-band imaging to probe separations between 0.8 and 9 arcsec (approx 1000–100 000 au). We have used statistical methods to determine the binary statistics of the samples, and we find binary fractions of 64 ± 4 per cent for the UKIDSS sample, 53 ± 4 per cent for the VVV sample, and 49 ± 8 per cent for the RMS imaging sample. Also, we use the J- and K-band magnitudes as a proxy for the companion mass, and a significant fraction of the detected systems have estimated mass ratios &gt;0.5, suggesting a deviation from the capture formation scenario which would be aligned with random IMF sampling. Finally, we find that YSOs located in the outer Galaxy have a higher binary fraction than those in the inner Galaxy. This is likely due to a lower stellar background density than observed towards the inner Galaxy, resulting in higher probabilities for visual binaries to be physical companions. It does indicate a binary fraction in the probed separation range of close to 100 per cent without the need to consider selection biases.
Interchromosomal Colocalization with Parental Genes Is Linked to the Function and Evolution of Mammalian Retrocopies
Authors: Yan Yubin , Tian Yuhan , Wu Zefeng , Zhang Kunling , Yang Ruolin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Retrocopies are gene duplicates arising from reverse transcription of mature mRNA transcripts and their insertion back into the genome. While long being regarded as processed pseudogenes, more and more functional retrocopies have been discovered. How the stripped-down retrocopies recover expression capability and become functional paralogs continually intrigues evolutionary biologists. Here, we investigated the function and evolution of retrocopies in the context of 3D genome organization. By mapping retrocopy–parent pairs onto sequencing-based and imaging-based chromatin contact maps in human and mouse cell lines and onto Hi-C interaction maps in 5 other mammals, we found that retrocopies and their parental genes show a higher-than-expected interchromosomal colocalization frequency. The spatial interactions between retrocopies and parental genes occur frequently at loci in active subcompartments and near nuclear speckles. Accordingly, colocalized retrocopies are more actively transcribed and translated and are more evolutionarily conserved than noncolocalized ones. The active transcription of colocalized retrocopies may result from their permissive epigenetic environment and shared regulatory elements with parental genes. Population genetic analysis of retroposed gene copy number variants in human populations revealed that retrocopy insertions are not entirely random in regard to interchromosomal interactions and that colocalized retroposed gene copy number variants are more likely to reach high frequencies, suggesting that both insertion bias and natural selection contribute to the colocalization of retrocopy–parent pairs. Further dissection implies that reduced selection efficacy, rather than positive selection, contributes to the elevated allele frequency of colocalized retroposed gene copy number variants. Overall, our results hint a role of interchromosomal colocalization in the “resurrection” of initially neutral retrocopies.
Long-term retention rates of anti-tumour necrosis factor and anti-interleukin-17 antibodies for patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Takami Kenji , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Sato Sachina , Akaji Kazuya , Yamashita Chigusa , Hiroumi Shiori , Konaka Hachiro , Hayashi Misa , Higashiyama Mari 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
While biologics have been used for the patients with psoriatic arthritis, there remains to be unknown concerning long-term retention rates. This study aims to present real-world data about long-term retention rates of biologics for the patients with psoriatic arthritis, and to undertake an analysis of the contributing factors.

Methods
We examined retention rates and the reasons for discontinuation for biologics (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, secukinumab, and ixekizumab) in 146 prescriptions (of which, 109 prescriptions were as naive) at our hospital since March 2010.

Results
Throughout the entire course of the study, the 10-year retention rates were approximately 70% for adalimumab, 50% for ixekizumab, and 40% for secukinumab. When evaluating retention rates in the biologic-naïve subgroups, the 10-year retention rates were all approximately 70%. Regarding certolizumab pegol, the 3-year retention rate was approximately 75%. For adalimumab, a higher degree of arthritis at the initiation of treatment was found to correlate with an increased likelihood of secondary inefficacy. The main reason for discontinuation was secondary inefficacy, except for ixekizumab.

Conclusions
Each biologic exhibited a favourable long-term retention rate. The main reason for discontinuation was secondary inefficacy. Regarding adalimumab, secondary inefficacy was linked to the extent of arthritis upon treatment initiation.
Rethinking Context in Continuing Professional Development: From Identifying Barriers to Understanding Social Dynamics
Authors: Wong René , Kitto Simon 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
For continuing professional development (CPD) to reach its potential to improve outcomes requires an understanding of the role of context and the influencing conditions that enable interventions to succeed. We argue that the heuristic use of frameworks to design and implement interventions tends to conceptualize context as defined lists of barriers, which may obscure consideration of how different contextual factors interact with and intersect with each other.

Methods:
We suggest a framework approach that would benefit from postmodernist theory that explores how ideologies, meanings, and social structures in health care settings shape social practices. As an illustrative example, we conducted a Foucauldian discourse analysis of diabetes care to make visible how the social, historical, and political conditions in which clinicians experience, practice, and shape possibilities for behavior change.

Results:
The discursive construction of continuing education as a knowledge translation mechanism assumes and is contingent on family physicians to implement guidelines. However, they enact other discursively constituted roles that may run in opposition. This paradoxical position creates a tension that must be navigated by family physicians, who may perceive it possible to provide good care without necessarily implementing guidelines.

Discussion:
We suggest marrying “framework” thinking with postmodernist theory that explores how ideologies, meanings, and social structures shape practice behavior change. Such a proposed reconceptualization of context in the design of continuing professional development interventions could provide a more robust and nuanced understanding of how the dynamic relationships and interactions between clinicians, patients, and their work environments shape educational effectiveness.
Delayed and Forgone Health Care Among Adults With Limited English Proficiency During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chang Eva , Davis Teaniese L. , Berkman Nancy D. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) have long faced barriers in navigating the health care system. More information is needed to understand whether their care was limited further during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:
To assess the impact of English proficiency on delayed and forgone health care during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Research Design:
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of National Health Interview Survey data (July–December 2020; n=16,941). Outcomes were self-reported delayed and forgone health care because of cost or the COVID-19 pandemic. Delayed health care included medical, dental, mental health, and pharmacy care. Forgone health care also included care at home from a health professional.

Results:
A greater percentage of LEP adults reported delayed (49%) and forgone (41%) health care than English-proficient adults (40% and 30%, respectively). However, English proficiency was not significantly associated with delayed or forgone health care, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Among LEP adults, multivariate models showed that being uninsured, having a disability, and having chronic conditions increased the risk of delaying and forgoing health care. LEP adults of Asian race and Hispanic ethnicity were also more likely to forgo health care while those with 65+ years were less likely to forgo health care.

Conclusions:
Adults with LEP were more likely to experience challenges accessing health care early in the pandemic. Delayed and forgone health care were explained by low socioeconomic status and poor health. These findings highlight how during a period of limited health resources, deficiencies in the health care system resulted in an already disadvantaged group being at greater risk of inequitable access to care.
A Prospective Comparative Study of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT Versus 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy With SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Sung Changhwan , Lee Hyo Sang , Lee Dong Yun , Kim Yong-il , Kim Jae Eun , Lee Sang Ju , Oh Seung Jun , Sung Tae-Yon , Lee Yu-Mi , Kim Young Hoon , Kim Beom-Jun , Koh Jung-Min , Lee Seung Hun , Ryu Jin-Sook 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT for detection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).

Patients and Methods
We conducted a prospective, single-institution comparative study. Patients suspected of having PPGL or those showing recurrence and/or distant metastasis of PPGL were enrolled. The primary objective was to affirm the noninferiority of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT for diagnostic sensitivity. Both 123I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (at 4 and 24 hours) and 18F-FDOPA PET/CT (at 5 and 60 minutes after radiotracer administration) were performed. The final diagnosis was established either pathologically or via clinical follow-up. Nuclear physicians, unaware of the clinical data, undertook image analysis.

Results
Thirty-two patients were evaluated: 14 of 21 with an initial diagnosis and 9 of 11 with recurrence/metastasis had PPGLs in their final diagnoses. In patient-based analyses, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT (95.7%) exhibited noninferior sensitivity compared with 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT (91.3%), within the predetermined noninferiority margin of −12% by a 95% confidence interval lower limit of −10%. Both modalities showed no significant difference in specificity (88.9% vs 88.9%). In the region-based analysis for the recurrence/metastasis group, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity compared with 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT (86.2% vs 65.5%, P = 0.031) and superior interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94 vs 0.85). The inclusion of an early phase in dual-phase 18F-FDOPA PET/CT slightly improved diagnostic performance, albeit not to a statistically significant degree.

Conclusions

18F-FDOPA PET/CT demonstrated noninferior sensitivity and comparable specificity to 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT in the diagnosing PPGL. Notably, in the assessment of PPGL recurrence and metastasis, 18F-FDOPA PET/CT outperformed 123I-MIBG SPECT/CT in terms of both sensitivity and interobserver agreement.
Mandible-First Sequencing Increase Surgical Accuracy for Patients With Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Concomitant With Unstable Condyle-Fossa Relation
Authors: Wang Shoupeng , Ge Weiwen , Qi Lei , Cao Ningning , Meng Jian , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to explore whether mandible-first sequencing increases the surgical accuracy in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for patients with skeletal class II malocclusion concomitant with the unstable condyle-fossa relation. A retrospective evaluation of 19 patients who had undergone virtually planned double-splint orthognathic surgery with different operation sequences was performed: maxilla-first (n=9) or mandible-first (n=10) surgery. The centroid position, translational, and rotational differences in the maxilla were evaluated by comparing the virtual plans with actual results. The stability was assessed by comparing the actual results with the follow-up outcomes 6 months postoperatively. The accuracy of the maxilla centroid position was improved in mandible-first sequencing surgery: mandible-first 1.87±0.94 mm versus maxilla-first 2.70±0.75 mm (P<0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was detected in the translational and orientational discrepancies between the 2 groups. Neither sequencing procedure differed in the overall stability: maxilla-first (1.48±1.13 mm) versus mandible-first (1.57±0.90 mm). This study indicated that the mandible-first surgery leads to a more accurate maxilla position than the maxilla-first surgery for patients with skeletal class II malocclusion concomitant with the unstable condyle-fossa relation.
Surgical Margin of Resected Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: McIntyre Sarah M. , Soares Kevin C. , Chou Joanne F. , D’Amico Francesco , Shin Paul J. , Gönen Mithat , Shia Jinru , Balachandran Vinod P. , Wei Alice C. , Kingham T. Peter , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Jarnagin William R. , D’Angelica Michael I. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe the surgeon’s ability to accurately predict the margin following resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs).

Background:
The decision to resect CRLM is based on the surgeon’s ability to predict tumor-free resection margins. However, to date, no study has evaluated the accuracy of surgeon margin prediction.

Methods:
In this single-institution prospective study, the operating attending and fellow independently completed a preoperative and postoperative questionnaire describing their expected resection margin in 100 consecutive cases (200 assessments) of CRLM resections. In cases with multiple metastases, the closest margin was assessed as the margin of interest for the primary outcome. Surgeon assessments were compared with the gold-standard histopathologic assessment.

Results:
After excluding aborted cases, 190 preoperative and 190 postoperative assessments from 95 cases were included in the analysis. The pathologic margin was noted to be wide (≥1 cm), 1 mm to 1 cm, narrow (<1 mm), and positive in 28 (29.5%), 55 (57.9%), 5 (5.3%), and 7 (7.4%) cases, respectively. The 88 cases with negative margins were all predicted to be negative. None of the cases with positive margins were predicted to be positive. Ninety-one (48%) preoperative and 104 (55%) postoperative predictions were accurate. The sensitivity of predicting a margin <1 mm was 8.3% preoperatively and 16.7% postoperatively. The positive predictive value for preoperative and postoperative predictions of margin <1 mm was 18.2% and 26.7%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Surgeons are inaccurate at predicting positive and close surgical margins following resection of CRLM. A predicted close margin should not necessarily preclude resection.
Is thrombectomy indicated in all ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion?
Authors: Pujara Deep K. , Al-Shaibi Faisal , Sarraj Amrou 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
Purpose of this topical review is to examine the current randomized and nonrandomized evidence evaluating endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in selected patient populations with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions.

Recent findings
After establishing EVT as the first-line treatment in patients with large vessel occlusions and limited ischemic changes on neuroimaging, recent trials successfully demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with large core strokes and those with basilar occlusions up to 24 h of last known well. Nonrandomized evidence in patients with mild stroke severity, baseline disability, medium and distal vessel occlusions and time from last known well >24 h also suggested potential benefit of EVT in selected patients. Further randomized evidence will help establish EVT efficacy and safety in these populations.

Summary
EVT is established as the de-facto treatment of choice in a significant proportion of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion and has shown potential benefits in additional patient subgroups. A rigorous risk-benefit assessment and discussions with patients and their families in the absence of randomized evidence should help facilitate an informed, individualized decision-making process for this revolutionary treatment in peripheral patient subgroups with limited evidence.
Influenza Mortality as an Indicator of the Efficacy of COVID-Related, Non-pharmaceutical Interventions to Reduce the Spread of Respiratory Infections
Authors: Morris Robert 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been criticized as ineffective in preventing COVID. Because it is a new disease with NPIs introduced almost immediately, we have no way to evaluate the counterfactual of non-intervention easily and directly. We do, however, have historic data on influenza, a respiratory disease with similar patterns of transmission and a well-established CDC surveillance system in the US. These data provide us with an excellent way to indirectly evaluate the efficacy of these interventions.ResultsDuring the three seasons prior to COVID from 2016-17 to 2018-19, the mean total US influenza mortality was 9,917 deaths per season. During the pandemic, total influenza mortality declined by 80 percent relative to historical levels. Pediatric influenza morality decreased by 85 percent. At the state level, the average drop in mortality over the two flu seasons of the pandemic was strongly correlated with the percent of the 2020 presidential votes cast for Joe Biden (r2=0.39).ConclusionsThese data provide strong evidence that COVID NPIs dramatically reduced the spread of influenza. Given its similar routes of transmission, these results support the assertion that these NPIs also substantially reduced COVID transmission, morbidity, and mortality. The effectiveness of NPIs was highly correlated with the political leanings of each state, suggesting that politics influenced the effectiveness of and/or compliance with NPI strategies.
Signals of positive selection in Palearctic bat species coexisting with a fungal pathogen
Authors: Twort VG , Laine Veronika N , Field K , Whiting-Fawcett F , Ito F , Lilley TM 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTraits that directly influence the survival of an organism are suspect to positive selection. Disease can act as a driving force in shaping the genetic makeup across populations, even species, if the impacts are influencing a particularly sensitive part of their life cycles. White-nose syndrome is a fungal disease that affects bats during hibernation. The mycosis has caused massive population declines of susceptible species in North America, whereas in Eurasia, where the fungal pathogen has coevolved with its hosts for an extended period of time, bats appear to tolerate infection. Here, we adopted both whole-genome sequencing approaches and a literature search to compile a set of 300 genes from which to investigate for signals of positive selection in genomes of 11 Eurasian bats at the codon-level. Our results indicate significant positive selection in 38 genes, many of which have a marked role in responses to infection. Our findings suggest the fungal disease known as white-nose syndrome may have applied a significant selective pressure on hibernatory Eurasian Myotis-bats in the past, which can partially explain their survival in the presence of the pathogen.
An evolution-based framework for describing human gut bacteria
Authors: Doran Benjamin A. , Chen Robert Y. , Giba Hannah , Behera Vivek , Barat Bidisha , Sundararajan Anitha , Lin Huaiying , Sidebottom Ashley , Pamer Eric G. , Raman Arjun S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human gut microbiome contains many bacterial strains of the same species (‘strain-level variants’). Describing strains in a biologically meaningful way rather than purely taxonomically is an important goal but challenging due to the genetic complexity of strain-level variation. Here, we measured patterns of co-evolution across >7,000 strains spanning the bacterial tree-of-life. Using these patterns as a prior for studying hundreds of gut commensal strains that we isolated, sequenced, and metabolically profiled revealed widespread structure beneath the phylogenetic level of species. Defining strains by their co-evolutionary signatures enabled predicting their metabolic phenotypes and engineering consortia from strain genome content alone. Our findings demonstrate a biologically relevant organization to strain-level variation and motivate a new schema for describing bacterial strains based on their evolutionary history.One Sentence SummaryDescribing bacterial strains in the human gut by a statistical model that captures their evolutionary history provides insight into their biology.