bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar herbivory‐enhanced mycorrhization is associated with increased levels of lipids in root and root exudates
Authors: Xing Zhenlong , Zhang Zhongyue , Zhao Yige , Biere Arjen , Liu Siqiao , Shi Yu , Ding Jianqing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Insect herbivory can affect interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi through herbivore‐modified root carbon pools, while the specific metabolic changes underlying fungal responses to herbivory are poorly understood.

Here we explored the impacts of foliar herbivory and mechanical wounding on AM colonisation and AM community composition of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and the role of root metabolites in mediating these effects.

Foliar insect herbivory enhanced AM colonisation, whereas mechanical wounding only enhanced AM colonisation in combination with application of caterpillar oral secretions. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Glomus species was increased in root endosphere, rhizoplane and rhizosphere soils after foliar herbivory. Foliar herbivory also increased the concentrations of fatty acids in roots but decreased phenolics, and their concentrations were significantly correlated with AM colonisation. Addition of exudates from plants exposed to herbivory resulted in increases in AM colonisation of plants without herbivory. Moreover, widely targeted metabolomic analyses revealed that foliar herbivory enhanced the relative abundance of lipids and decreased phenols in root exudates.

Synthesis. We show that plants can enhance their associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi when subject to above‐ground herbivory, possibly mediated by herbivore‐induced increases in the levels of root lipids. Our findings highlight the role of root lipids in above‐below‐ground biological interactions, providing novel insights into plant‐AM fungi integrative responses to biotic stresses.
Islam, assisted reproductive technology and the politics of emergence: When markets and hegemonies collide
Authors: Salter Brian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe engagement between markets and cultural hegemonies is shaped by the politics that promote or deny the emergence of fresh legitimations in response to the opportunities offered to consumers by new commodities. In the case of Islam and the assisted reproductive technology (ART) market, core cultural values concerning procreation, family and lineage come into direct conflict with the potential consumer demand generated by new ART technologies. Shaped by the character of multiple Islamic modernities and the authority structures of religion and state, it is the Shi’a–Sunni divide which most illuminates the politics of emergence driving the different Islamic responses to those cultural tensions. In Sunni states the hegemonic challenge of the ART commodity market is contained by the senior clerics, the traditional intellectuals of Islamic authority, often acting in concert with the state apparatus. In contrast, in Shi’a states the flexibility of its religious authority structures underpinned by the principles of ijtihad allows the formation of an alliance between traditional and medical organic intellectuals which facilitates the consumer choice of both ART commodities and legitimating values. However, what remains unresolved is the long‐term impact of that trasformismo on the stability of the social structures which the Shi’a moral economy serves.
The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private‐sector background checks
Authors: Lageson Sarah , Stewart Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCriminal records are routinely used by employers and other institutional decision‐makers who rely on their presumed fidelity to evaluate applicants. We analyze criminal records for a sample of 101 people, comparing official state reports, two sources of private‐sector background checks (one regulated and one unregulated by federal law), and qualitative interviews. Based on our analysis, private‐sector background checks are laden with false‐positive and false‐negative errors: 60 percent and 50 percent of participants had at least one false‐positive error on their regulated and unregulated background checks, and nearly all (90 percent and 92 percent of participants, respectively) had at least one false‐negative error. We define specific problems with private‐sector criminal records: mismatched data that create false negatives, missing case dispositions that create incomplete and misleading criminal records, and incorrect data that create false positives. Accompanying qualitative interviews show how errors in background checks limit access to social opportunities ranging from employment to education to housing and violate basic principles of fairness in the legal system.
Frequency of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with ultrasound in patients with fibromyalgia: Relation with function, central sensitization, and neuropathic pain
Authors: Ketenci Sertaç , Uzuner Bora , Durmuş Dilek , Polat Murat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in fibromyalgia (FMS) patients by utilizing ultrasound to measure the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a marker of elevated intracranial pressure and also to investigate the relationship with function, fatigue, quality of life (QOL), central sensitization (CS) and neuropathic pain.MethodsThe study encompassed 80 female FMS patients and 75 healthy controls. Ultrasound was employed to measure the average ONSD in both groups. Conditions potentially elevating intracranial pressure were ruled out following neurological assessments. Pain (via visual analog scale, VAS), function (revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, r‐FIQ), QOL (Short Form‐36, SF‐36), fatigue (fatigue severity scale, FACIT), CS (Central Sensitization Scale), and neuropathic pain (Douleur Neuropathique‐4) were evaluated.ResultsThe average ONSD was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group. Patients with ONSD >5.5 mm consistent with IIH were categorized as Group 1 (n = 54, 67.5%), while those with a diameter of 5.5 mm and below‐formed Group 2. VAS pain (p = .033) and FIQ‐R scores (p = .033) were significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2. Headache was found more common in Group 1.ConclusionThis study unveils a substantial occurrence (67.5%) of IIH in FMS patients, suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to symptoms like fatigue, headache, and cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, these findings implicate heightened functional impairment, CS, headache, and fatigue in FMS patients with IIH.
Does competition increase pass‐through?
Authors: Ritz Robert A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the literature has seen a surge of interest in pass‐through as an economic tool. At the same time, widespread concerns have emerged about the rising market power of firms. How does competition affect pass‐through? A standard intuition is that more competition makes prices more cost‐reflective and hence raises the rate of cost pass‐through. This article shows this conclusion is sensitive to the routine assumption that firms' marginal costs are constant. With modestly convex costs, market power can raise pass‐through (even when it lies below 1). These results have implications for antitrust policy, environmental regulation, and welfare analysis.
Accuracy of 11 intraocular lens calculation formulas in shallow anterior chamber eyes
Authors: Yuan Haorui , Zhang Jiaqing , Han Xiaotong , Ye Jinfeng , Huang Yiguo , Huang Ruoxuan , Wen Ling , Qiu Xiaozhang , Chen Xiaoyun , Chen Kailin , Tan Xuhua , Luo Lixia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas and the effect of anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) on the prediction accuracy in shallow ACD eyes.MethodsThis retrospective, consecutive case‐series study included 648 eyes of 648 patients with an ACD < 3.0 mm who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Eleven formulas were evaluated: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) 2.0, Hill‐Radial Basis Function (RBF) 3.0, Hoffer QST, Kane, Olsen, Pearl‐DGS and traditional formulas (Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and SRK/T). Subgroup analysis was performed based on ACD, AL and LT.ResultsOverall, the Hoffer QST and Kane showed no systematic bias. The Kane, EVO 2.0, Hill‐RBF 3.0 and Hoffer QST had relatively lower mean absolute error and higher percentages of prediction error within ±0.5 D. For the ACD of 2.5–3.0 mm and AL < 22.0 mm subgroup, the Pearl‐DGS exhibited the lowest MAE (0.45 D) and MedAE (0.41 D). Most formulas had a significant myopic bias (−0.43 to −0.18 D, p < 0.05) in the LT < 4.3 mm subgroup and a significant hyperopic bias (0.09–0.29 D, p < 0.05) in the LT ≥ 5.1 mm subgroup.ConclusionThe Kane and Hoffer QST were recommended for shallow ACD eyes. In eyes with an ACD between 2.5 and 3.0 mm and a short AL, the Pearl‐DGS showed excellent performance. Clinicians need to fine‐tune the target refraction according to LT in shallow ACD eyes.
An artificial intelligence algorithm for co‐clustering to help in pharmacovigilance before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Destere Alexandre , Marchello Giulia , Merino Diane , Othman Nouha Ben , Gérard Alexandre O. , Lavrut Thibaud , Viard Delphine , Rocher Fanny , Corneli Marco , Bouveyron Charles , Drici Milou‐Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsMonitoring drug safety in real‐world settings is the primary aim of pharmacovigilance. Frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are usually identified during drug development. Rare ones are mostly characterized through post‐marketing scrutiny, increasingly with the use of data mining and disproportionality approaches, which lead to new drug safety signals. Nonetheless, waves of excessive numbers of reports, often stirred up by social media, may overwhelm and distort this process, as observed recently with levothyroxine or COVID‐19 vaccines. As human resources become rarer in the field of pharmacovigilance, we aimed to evaluate the performance of an unsupervised co‐clustering method to help the monitoring of drug safety.MethodsA dynamic latent block model (dLBM), based on a time‐dependent co‐clustering generative method, was used to summarize all regional ADR reports (n = 45 269) issued between 1 January 2012 and 28 February 2022. After analysis of their intra and extra interrelationships, all reports were grouped into different cluster types (time, drug, ADR).ResultsOur model clustered all reports in 10 time, 10 ADR and 9 drug collections. Based on such clustering, three prominent societal problems were detected, subsequent to public health concerns about drug safety, including a prominent media hype about the perceived safety of COVID‐19 vaccines. The dLBM also highlighted some specific drug–ADR relationships, such as the association between antiplatelets, anticoagulants and bleeding.ConclusionsCo‐clustering and dLBM appear as promising tools to explore large pharmacovigilance databases. They allow, ‘unsupervisedly’, the detection, exploration and strengthening of safety signals, facilitating the analysis of massive upsurges of reports.
Surviving on the periphery of society: Experiences of street children in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Abekah‐Carter Kwamina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrawing on Bourdieu's theory of social fields, this article sought to answer two research questions: (a) what challenges do street children encounter on the streets? and (b) what survival strategies do these street children adopt to cope with street life? Thirty street children constituted the study's sample size. Data were gathered through in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions and were thematically analysed. It was found that street children encountered challenges including abuse, inadequate access to basic needs, stigmatization, and theft. This study also found that some street children resorted to their peer networks and intimate partners for protection, as well as for financial and material support. Additionally, some street children engaged in menial working jobs and in some cases, stealing and prostitution to fend for themselves. While these survival tactics were noted to be crucial in the lives of street children, this article recommends for the intensified implementation of state and non‐state interventions to help alter the unwholesome living conditions of these vulnerable children.
Transformed astrocytes confer temozolomide resistance on glioblastoma via delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression after educating by glioblastoma stem cells‐derived exosomes
Authors: Liu Xinglei , Liu Liang , Wu Anyi , Huang Shilu , Xu Zhipeng , Zhang Xiaopei , Li Zengyang , Li Haoran , Dong Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) stands for the first‐line chemotherapeutic agent against glioblastoma. Nevertheless, the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ appears to be remarkably limited, because of low cytotoxic efficiency against glioblastoma. Besides, various mechanical studies and the corresponding strategies fail to enhancing TMZ curative effect in clinical practice. Our previous studies have disclosed remodeling of glial cells by GSCs, but the roles of these transformed cells on promoting TMZ resistance have never been explored.MethodsExosomes were extracted from GSCs culture through standard centrifugation procedures, which can activate transformation of normal human astrocytes (NHAs) totumor‐associated astrocytes (TAAs) for 3 days through detect the level of TGF‐β, CD44 and tenascin‐C. The secretive protein level of ALKBH7 of TAAs was determined by ELISA kit. The protein level of APNG and ALKBH7 of GBM cells were determined by Western blot. Cell‐based assays of ALKBH7 and APNG triggered drug resistance were performed through flow cytometric assay, Western blotting and colony formation assay respectively. A xenograft tumor model was applied to investigate the function of ALKBH7 in vivo. Finally, the effect of the ALKBH7/APNG signaling on TMZ resistance were evaluated by functional experiments.ResultsExosomes derived from GSCs can activate transformation of normal human astrocytes (NHAs)to tumor‐associated astrocytes (TAAs), as well as up‐regulation of ALKBH7expression in TAAs. Besides, TAAs derived ALKBH7 can regulate APNG gene expression of GBM cells. After co‐culturing with TAAs for 5 days, ALKBH7 and APNG expression in GBM cells were elevated. Furthermore, Knocking‐down of APNG increased the inhibitory effect of TMZ on GBM cells survival.ConclusionThe present study illustrated a new mechanism of glioblastoma resistance to TMZ, which based on GSCs‐exo educated TAAs delivering ALKBH7 to enhance APNG expression of GBM cells, which implied that targeting on ALKBH7/APNG regulation network may provide a new strategy of enhancing TMZ therapeutic effects against glioblastoma.
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging quantifies microstructural impairment in the thalamus and its connectivity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cao Yun‐Bin , Wu Ye , Dong Qiu‐Yi , Huang Nao‐Xin , Zou Zhang‐Yu , Chen Hua‐Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate microstructural impairment in the thalamus and thalamocortical connectivity using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsThis study included 47 healthy controls and 43 ALS patients, whose structural and diffusion‐weighted data were collected. We used state‐of‐the‐art parallel transport tractography to identify thalamocortical pathways in individual spaces. Thalamus was then parcellated into six subregions based on its connectivity pattern with the priori defined cortical (i.e., prefrontal/motor/somatosensory/temporal/posterior‐parietal/occipital) regions. For each of the thalamic and cortical subregions and thalamo‐cortical tracts, we compared the following NODDI metrics between groups: orientation dispersion index (ODI), neurite density index (NDI), and isotropic volume fraction (ISO). We also used these metrics to conduct receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses and Spearman correlation.ResultsIn ALS patients, we found decreased ODI and increased ISO in the thalamic subregion connecting the left motor cortex and other extramotor (e.g., somatosensory and occipital) cortex (Bonferroni‐corrected p < 0.05). NDI decreased in the bilateral thalamo‐motor and thalamo‐somatosensory tracts and in the right thalamo‐posterior‐parietal and thalamo‐occipital tracts (Bonferroni‐corrected p < 0.05). NDI reduction in the bilateral thalamo‐motor tract (p = 0.017 and 0.009) and left thalamo‐somatosensory tract (p = 0.029) was correlated with disease severity. In thalamo‐cortical tracts, NDI yielded a higher effect size during between‐group comparisons and a greater area under ROC (p < 0.05) compared with conventional diffusion tensor imaging metrics.ConclusionsMicrostructural impairment in the thalamus and thalamocortical connectivity is the hallmark of ALS. NODDI improved the detection of disrupted thalamo‐cortical connectivity in ALS.
From moral rights to legal rights? Lessons from healthcare contexts
Authors: Da Silva Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany believe the existence of a moral right to some good should lead to recognition of a corresponding legal right to that good. If, for instance, there is a moral right to healthcare, it is natural to believe countries should recognize a legal right to healthcare. This article demonstrates that justifying legal rights to healthcare is more difficult than many assume. The existence of a moral right is insufficient to justify recognition of a corresponding justiciable constitutional right. Further conditions on when it is appropriate to recognize constitutional rights are rarely satisfied in the healthcare case. And focusing on aspirational or statutory rights presents costs for those seeking to justify legal rights on the basis of corresponding moral ones while maintaining empirical challenges for justifying constitutional rights. This suggests movement from a moral right to a corresponding legal one is far from straightforward and justifies examining alternative means of realizing moral socio‐economic rights such as the proposed moral right to healthcare.
An artificial intelligence‐driven predictive model for pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using clinical variables
Authors: Echecopar Carlos , Abad Inés , Galán‐Gómez Víctor , Mozo del Castillo Yasmina , Sisinni Luisa , Bueno David , Ruz Beatriz , Pérez‐Martínez Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a procedure with high morbidity and mortality. Identifying patients for maximum benefit and risk assessment is crucial in the decision‐making process. This has led to the development of predictive risk models for HSCT in adults, which have limitations when applied to pediatric population. Our goal was to develop an automatic learning algorithm to predict survival in children with malignant disorders undergoing HSCT.MethodsWe studied allogenic HSCTs performed on children with malignant disorders at a third‐level hospital between 1991 and 2021. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test for the univariate analysis, and Cox regression for the multivariate analysis. A prognostic index was constructed based on these findings. Lastly, we constructed a predictive model using a random forest algorithm to forecast 1‐year survival after HSCT.ResultsWe analyzed 229 HSCTs in 201 patients with a median follow‐up of 1.64 years. Variables that impacted on the multivariate analysis were older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.76, p = .003), oldest period of HSCT (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.73, p < .001), and mismatched donor (HR 2.65, 95% CI 1.51–4.65, p = .001). Our prognostic index was associated with 3‐year overall survival (OS; p < .001). A random forest was developed using as variables: diagnosis, age, year of HSCT, time from diagnosis to HSCT, disease stage, donor type, and conditioning. This achieved 72% accuracy in predicting 1‐year OS.ConclusionsOur index and random forest was effective in predicting 1‐year survival. However, further validation in diverse populations is necessary to establish their generalizability.
An Automated Item Pool Assembly Framework for Maximizing Item Utilization for CAT
Authors: Lim Hwanggyu , Han Kyung (Chris) T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComputerized adaptive testing (CAT) has gained deserved popularity in the administration of educational and professional assessments, but continues to face test security challenges. To ensure sustained quality assurance and testing integrity, it is imperative to establish and maintain multiple stable item pools that are consistent in terms of psychometric characteristics and content specifications. This study introduces the Honeycomb Pool Assembly (HPA) framework, an innovative solution for the construction of multiple parallel item pools for CAT that maximizes item utilization in the item bank. The HPA framework comprises two stages—cell assembly and pool assembly—and uses a mixed integer programming modeling approach. An empirical study demonstrated HPA's effectiveness in creating a large number of parallel pools using a real‐world high‐stakes CAT assessment item bank. The HPA framework offers several advantages, including (a) simultaneous creation of multiple parallel pools, (b) simplification of item pool maintenance, and (c) flexibility in establishing statistical and operational constraints. Moreover, it can help testing organizations efficiently manage and monitor the health of their item banks. Thus, the HPA framework is expected to be a valuable tool for testing professionals and organizations to address test security challenges and maintain the integrity of high‐stakes CAT assessments.