bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of intentionally retained permanent incisor roots following crown root fractures in children
Authors: Rodd Helen D. , Davidson Lesley E. , Livesey Sarah , Cooke Marie E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRetaining tooth roots, following crown loss, confers a number of benefits including the preservation of alveolar bone. Intentional root retention in adults has been widely investigated but little is known about this treatment approach in children. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical outcomes associated with permanent anterior root retention in a young population. The study group comprised 53 children who had received treatment in the paediatric dentistry clinic, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK, over the past 10 years, following a complicated crown root fracture of a permanent maxillary incisor at or below the gingival margin. Data relating to patient age at crown root fracture, gender, previous trauma history, tooth vitality, treatments performed and clinical outcomes were obtained retrospectively using patient records. The mean age of the subjects at initial crown root fracture was 12.1 years (range 8.3–15.8 years) and there were more than twice as many males (n = 37, 70%) as females (n = 16, 30%). In just over half of the cases seen (n = 29, 54%), the tooth involved was already nonvital at the time of crown root fracture. For the majority of these nonvital teeth (n = 27, 93%), primary treatment had comprised placement/replacement of a calcium hydroxide root dressing. The remaining two teeth did not require root treatment as a satisfactory gutta percha root filling was already present. A variety of treatments was undertaken for the 24 vital roots: in 15 (63%) cases the pulp was extirpated and calcium hydroxide placed; three (12%) cases were subject to a pulpotomy; five (21%) cases were left untreated with the hope that vitality would be maintained following gingival healing and in one case the radicular pulp was extirpated and immediately obturated with gutta percha. The mean time that the roots were kept under review was 2.6 years (± 1.57, range 0.6–6.8). During this period, only five roots (9%) had to be removed due to persistent periapical infection. There were no complications associated with the five cases where vital root submergence had been permitted but all three cases which had initially undergone a pulpotomy subsequently presented with pulpal necrosis necessitating pulpal extirpation and calcium hydroxide therapy. These findings indicate that efforts to retain permanent anterior roots in a young population are justified in view of the high clinical success rate of over 90% over a 2‐year period.
Dynamic changes in hydraulic conductivity in petioles of two savanna tree species: factors and mechanisms contributing to the refilling of embolized vessels
Authors: BUCCI S. J. , SCHOLZ F. G. , GOLDSTEIN G. , MEINZER F. C. , STERNBERG L. DA S. L. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTDiel variation in specific hydraulic conductivity (ks) was recorded in petioles of two savanna tree species, Schefflera macrocarpa and Caryocar brasiliense, from central Brazil. These two species have compound leaves with long petioles (10–30 cm). In both species, petiole ks decreased sharply with increasing transpiration rates and declining leaf water potentials (ψL) during the morning. Petiole ks increased during the afternoon while the plants were still transpiring and the water in the non‐embolized vessels was still under tension. Dye experiments confirmed that in both species diel variation in ks was associated with embolism formation and repair. When transpiration was prevented in individual leaves, their petiole ks and water potential remained close to their maximum values during the day. When minimum daily ψL on selected branches was experimentally lowered by 0.2–0.6 MPa, the rate of ks recovery during the afternoon was slower in comparison with control branches. Several field manipulations were performed to identify potential mechanisms involved in the refilling of embolized petiole vessels. Removal of the cortex or longitudinal incisions in the cortex prevented afternoon recovery of ks and refilling of embolized vessels. When distilled water was added to petiole surfaces that had been abraded to partially remove the cuticle, ks increased sharply during the morning and early afternoon. Evidence of starch to sugar conversion in the starch sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles of the petioles was observed during periods of rapid transpiration when the abundance of starch granules in the starch sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles decreased. Consistent with this, petiole sugar content was highest in the early afternoon. The most parsimonious explanation of the field observations and the experimental results was that an increase in osmotically active solutes in cells outside the vascular bundles at around midday leads to water uptake by these cells. However, the concurrent increase in tissue volume is partially constrained by the cortex, resulting in a transient pressure imbalance that may drive radial water movement in the direction of the embolized vessels, thereby refilling them and restoring water flow. This study thus presents evidence that embolism formation and repair are two distinct phenomena controlled by different variables. The degree of embolism is a function of tension, and the rate of refilling a function of internal pressure imbalances.
Cuticular hydrocarbons in workers of the slave‐making ant Polyergus samurai and its slave, Formica japonica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: LIU Zhibin , BAGNÈRES Anne‐Geneviève , YAMANE Sôichi , WANG Qingchuan , KOJIMA Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractComparisons of cuticular hydrocarbons between workers of the dulotic ant Polyergus samurai and its slave, Formica japonica, were carried out. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that the slave‐maker and its slave shared the major cuticular hydrocarbon compounds, but possessed several minor products unique to each species. No difference in hydrocarbon composition was detected between enslaved and free‐living F. japonica workers, suggesting that association with P. samurai has no qualitative effect on hydrocarbon composition in these ants. Principal component analyses of the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles (CHP) revealed that (i) CHP was species specific in a given mixed colony; and (ii) among mixed colonies, P. samurai workers had species‐colony specific CHP, while the same feature was not always found in enslaved and free‐living F. japonica workers. Therefore, a ‘uniform colony odor’ in terms of CHP is not achieved in naturally mixed colonies of P. samurai nor those of its slaves, F. japonica.
Taxonomic studies on the Pompilidae occurring in Japan north of the Ryukyus: GenusDipogon, subgenusDeuteragenia(Hymenoptera) (Part 3)
Authors: SHIMIZU Akira , ISHIKAWA Ryôsuke 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThree species belonging to two species‐groups of the subgenusDeuteragenia, genusDipogon, occurring in Japan are revised:Dipogon immarginatus(D. immarginatusgroup),D. bifasciatusandD. nipponicus(D. bifasciatusgroup). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of their characteristics, including those of the genitalia, are provided for all species. Keys to five species‐groups in Japan, as well as all species treated in this series, are presented.
Thermoregulation and flying habits of the Japanese sulfur butterfly Colias erate (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in an open habitat
Authors: WATANABE Mamoru , IMOTO Tasuku 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of the thermal environment on the flying behavior of male Japanese sulfur butterflies Colias erate searching for females in an open habitat. Thoracic temperature was monitored before and after flight. Mean thoracic temperature of butterflies immediately after landing was consistently higher than, but independent of, ambient temperature. Although ground speed of flying butterflies was different between flight types, air speed against the butterfly was similar across flight types. The excess of thoracic over ambient temperature was lower in flying butterflies than in basking ones, as predicted by a model. This difference appeared to be due to air current, which enhanced heat loss. In a laboratory study, newly eclosed male butterflies were placed under an incandescent lamp to measure their thoracic temperature at different air current speeds. The excess of thoracic over ambient temperature decreased as the speed of air currents increased. When the air current was similar to the air speed against flying butterflies in the field, a substantial decrease occurred in the operative thoracic temperature.
Mating frequency and genetic relatedness of workers in the hornetVespa analis(Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: TAKAHASHI Jun‐ichi , AKIMOTO Shin’ichi , NAKAMURA Jun , HASEGAWA Eisuke 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMating frequency ofVespa analisqueens and the genetic relatedness of their workers was analyzed by DNA microsatellite genotyping. Of 20 colonies studied, 18 had a queen inseminated by a single male and two had queens each inseminated by two males. The estimated effective number of matings was 1.05 ± 0.037 (mean ± SE), with 75–85% of the offspring of the two multiply mated queens sired by a single male. The pedigree relatedness between nestmate workers averaged over the 20 colonies was estimated to be 0.74 ± 0.008, almost identical to the predicted value of 0.75 for colonies headed by a singly mated queen. Multiple matrilines; that is, the presence of workers not related to the current queens, were detected in six colonies, suggesting that queen replacement occurred via usurpation of the founding queens in these six colonies. These results demonstrate that the kin structure ofV. analisis similar to that reported in other vespid species.
Discovery of the tribe Odontalgini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae; Pselaphinae) in Japan
Authors: ARAI Shiho , NOMURA Shûhei 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA new species of the pselaphine genusOdontalgusis described from Honshu, Japan, under the name ofOdontalgus masaoi.Odontalgus coreanusLöbl known from North Korea is recorded for the first time from Kyushu, Japan. These are the first formal records of the tribe Odontalgini from Japan.
Life history adaptations and stress tolerance of four domestic species of Drosophila
Authors: KOJIMA Kazuya , KIMURA Masahito T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLife history traits and stress tolerance were studied in four domestic species of Drosophila–D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. auraria and D. immigrans– to understand how they adapt to their environments. In all species, larval weight approximately doubled in 1 day. The relative egg weight (egg weight : pupal weight) was smaller and the larval period was longer in D. immigrans than in the other three species. The pupal period was the longest in D. auraria. However, the adaptive significance of these differences in larval and pupal periods was not clear. The pupal case was generally thicker in the larger species, probably to support the larger pupal body. The start of oviposition was earliest and reproductive effort was greatest in female D. simulans, followed by female D. melanogaster. In contrast, starvation tolerance and the increase in bodyweight after eclosion was greater in D. immigrans and D. auraria than in the other two species. Pupal desiccation tolerance was greatest in D. melanogaster and lowest in D. auraria, and the less tolerant species seemed to select more humid sites for pupation. Adult tolerance to desiccation was greatest in D. melanogaster and lowest in D. simulans. In contrast, adult cold tolerance was greater in D. auraria and adult heat tolerance was lower in D. immigrans than in the other species. These differences in life history traits and stress tolerance represent the Drosophila species differential adaptations, and are assumed to allow coexistence of the species.
Population change and immature mortality process of Luehdorfia japonica (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) feeding on an unusual host plant, Asarum caulescens Maxim. (Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: MATSUMOTO Kazuma 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA population of the butterfly Luehdorfia japonica dependent on a small stand of an unusual host plant, Asarum caulescens, was found and observed for 5 years. The plant was growing in patchy clumps in a forest and in an adjoining clearing, but the number of leaves in the clearing decreased during the 5 year study period. Butterflies laid eggs mostly in or near the clearing, and the number of eggs steadily decreased year by year, along with the decrease in the number of leaves. The survival rate of the larvae was similar to that of the same species feeding on the usual host plant, Asarum takaoi, in an adjacent habitat. It is considered that A. caulescens is rarely a host of L. japonica because the plant grows in shady conditions and the butterfly prefers a host plant growing in a sunny locations for oviposition.
Chronosequential change in a butterfly community after clear‐cutting of deciduous forests in a cool temperate region of central Japan
Authors: INOUE Takenari 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTransect counts of butterflies were conducted in the northern part of Ibaraki, central Japan, from 1997 to 2001 at 11 census sites, composed of successive stages of deciduous forest development: grassland (one site, early abandoned stage); cutover land (one site, 1–5 years after clear‐cutting); secondary forests (very young (two sites, 6–9 years), middle (two sites, 16–22 years) and old (two sites, 47–51 years)) and old‐growth natural forests (three sites, ≥124 years old). A total of 86 species and 8858 individual butterflies were recorded by 29 sets (406 times) of transect counts. The species richness (number of species), abundance (number of individuals) and diversity indices (Shannon–Wiener H′ and Simpson's 1–λ) of butterflies were high in the early stages (grassland, cutover land and very young secondary forests) of secondary succession. Typical natural forest species increased with the progress of succession, and the old secondary forests and old‐growth natural forests had similar species composition. In contrast, most of the typical natural grassland species were recorded only in the grassland site. In the cutover land site, the number of individuals of grassland species considerably decreased from the first to the second year; furthermore, only one typical natural grassland species was recorded. Thus, the suitable stage for grassland butterfly species lasts for only 1–2 years after clear‐cutting. Old secondary forests (approximately>50 years old) would be able to give refuge to the forest butterfly species, including typical natural forest species. Based on the results, a practical, forestry‐based plan to conserve butterfly diversity was proposed.
Two new species of the cryptic chrysidid parasitoid subfamily Loboscelidiinae: The second species in Rhadinoscelidia and the first Loboscelidia for the Indonesian fauna
Authors: KOJIMA Jun‐ichi , UBAIDILLAH Rosichon 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTwo new species in the cryptic chrysidid wasp subfamily Loboscelidiinae are described based on males from Gunung Halimun National Park, West Java, Indonesia. One is the second species in Rhadinoscelidia Kimsey, and the other, belonging in Loboscelidia Westwood, is the first species of the genus for the Indonesian fauna.
Colorectal cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Gill S. , Thomas R. R. , Goldberg R. M. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryColorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death world‐wide. There have been important advances in the chemotherapeutic management of colorectal cancer as a result of a deliberate collaborative process of well‐designed clinical trials. From the earlier standard of 5‐fluorouracil‐based therapy alone, the recent availability of newer agents, including capecitabine, irinotecan and oxaliplatin, has significantly expanded the options available for the management of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, with consequent improvements in survival. For patients with resected, high‐risk, localized disease, adjuvant systemic chemotherapy improves survival. The identification of new chemotherapy regimens, the use of predictive testing and the integration of novel targeted therapies with cytotoxic chemotherapies are areas of active clinical investigation. A review of the chemotherapeutic management of colorectal cancer is presented.
Oral esomeprazole vs. intravenous pantoprazole: a comparison of the effect on intragastric pH in healthy subjects
Authors: Armstrong D. , Bair D. , James C. , Tanser L. , Escobedo S. , Nevin K. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryBackground: Intravenous (IV) proton‐pump inhibitor therapy is used in patients who cannot take oral medications or require greater acid suppression. Oral esomeprazole produces greater acid suppression than oral pantoprazole; however, no comparative data exist for oral esomeprazole and IV pantoprazole.Aim: To compare acid suppression (time with pH > 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0) produced by standard doses of oral esomeprazole and IV pantoprazole in healthy subjects.Methods: A randomized, two‐way crossover study in 30 subjects receiving oral esomeprazole (40 mg o.d.) or IV pantoprazole (40 mg o.d.) for 5 days followed by a 2‐week washout period before the second 5‐day drug administration period using the crossover drug regimen.Results: Oral esomeprazole produced greater acid suppression than IV pantoprazole on day 1 [pH > 3.0 (56.9%, 35.8%;P < 0.001), pH > 4.0 (43.4%, 25.0%;P < 0.001) and pH > 5.0 (28.7%, 15.6%;P < 0.001)] and on day 5 [pH > 3.0 (70.4%, 45.9%;P < 0.001), pH > 4.0 (59.2%, 33.9%;P < 0.001), pH > 5.0 (45.5%, 23.9%;P < 0.001) and pH > 6.0 (19.6%, 12.6%;P = 0.045)]. The adverse event profiles indicated both treatments to be safe and well tolerated.Conclusions: In healthy subjects, esomeprazole, 40 mg o.d. dispersed in water, produces greater acid suppression than pantoprazole 40 mg IV o.d. after 1 and 5 days of medication.
Peginterferon vs. standard interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Zaman A. , Fennerty M. B. , Keeffe E. B. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryBackground : Randomized controlled trials over the last decade have demonstrated incremental improvement in the treatment efficacy of chronic hepatitis C with combination interferon and ribavirin therapy when compared with interferon monotherapy.Aim : To perform a systematic review of clinical trials directly comparing interferon formulations to test the hypothesis that a true difference in terms of efficacy exists between standard interferon (with and without ribavirin) and peginterferon (with and without ribavirin).Methods : A search of the on‐line bibliographic databases MEDLINE and PUBMED was performed independently by two authors to identify all relevant articles. In addition, the reference sections of all relevant articles were manually searched to identify any missed articles. Quality was assessed using the Jadad scale, which is an accepted scale specific for randomized controlled trials. A priori, it was decided to include only articles with a Jadad score of three or higher in the final analysis. Data were abstracted on to pre‐determined abstraction sheets. The inclusion of articles, the data abstracted and the methodological score differences were adjudicated by consensus with agreement of the authors performing the search.Results : Seven citations of randomized controlled trials, comparing at least two different interferon formulations and evaluating the sustained virological response as a primary end‐point, were identified. These relevant articles were abstracted, and five of the seven were found to have a Jadad score of three or higher and comprised the final set of citations reviewed. The studies consistently demonstrated that peginterferon monotherapy was superior to standard interferon, even in patients with advanced fibrosis. With regard to combination interferon therapy, only two high‐quality articles compared peginterferon plus ribavirin with standard interferon plus ribavirin. Both studies demonstrated that the overall sustained virological response was statistically better with peginterferon plus ribavirin.Conclusions : On the basis of this systematic review, peginterferon‐based regimens are superior to standard interferon‐based regimens for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Inulin is an ideal substrate for a hydrogen breath test to measure the orocaecal transit time
Authors: Geboes K. P. , Luypaerts A. , Rutgeerts P. , Verbeke K. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryBackground : A better substrate is needed for a hydrogen breath test to measure the orocaecal transit time. The currently used substrate, lactulose, accelerates the orocaecal transit time by increasing the osmolality of the gut contents. The recently developed lactose 13C‐ureide breath test is reliable, but a hydrogen breath test is preferred, as it allows the simultaneous investigation of the digestion and absorption of nutrients by means of 13C‐labelled compounds.Methods : The usefulness of different types of inulin as a substrate for a hydrogen breath test was studied. Raftilin HP (> 99% inulin with a degree of polymerization of between 5 and 60 and < 0.5% glucose, fructose and sucrose) was further evaluated and compared with lactulose with regard to its effects on gastric emptying and the digestion of protein and lipids.Results : A good correlation was found between the orocaecal transit times using Raftilin HP (338 min; interquartile range, 300–383 min) and lactose 13C‐ureide (353 min; interquartile range, 285–375 min) (r = 0.85; P < 0.001). The administration of 5 or 10 g Raftilin HP had no influence on the orocaecal transit time, whereas lactulose significantly shortened the orocaecal transit time. Neither inulin nor lactulose had a significant influence on gastric emptying or protein or lipid assimilation.Conclusion : Raftilin HP is an ideal substrate for a hydrogen breath test to measure the orocaecal transit time.
Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 over‐expression in sporadic colorectal carcinoma without lymph node involvement
Authors: Buecher B. , Heymann M.‐F. , Lièvre A. , Nguyen J.‐M. , Wilson K. , Bézieau S. , Mosnier J.‐F. , Galmiche J.‐P. , Blottière H. M. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryBackground : Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 over‐expression has been reported in most advanced human colorectal cancers.Aims : To assess the prevalence of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 over‐expression in non‐advanced colorectal cancers, to investigate the correlation between cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 status and tumour clinicopathological features and molecular phenotype, and to determine the impact of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 status on long‐term clinical outcome.Methods : Sixty‐one patients who had undergone surgery for colorectal cancer without lymph node involvement were evaluated retrospectively. Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. The tumour replication error phenotype was assessed by amplification of the two microsatellites, BAT‐25 and BAT‐26.Results : Thirty‐six tumours were classified as cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 positive and 25 as cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 negative. No correlation was found between cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 over‐expression and clinicopathological features or molecular phenotype. Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 over‐expression was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis. Indeed, the relative risk of tumour recurrence or death for patients with cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐positive tumours was 2.13 times that of patients with cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐negative tumours (P = 0.008; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–3.73). This difference remained significant when post‐operative deaths were censored in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.014).Conclusion : Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 over‐expression is not associated with tumour phenotype, but is indicative of a poorer clinical outcome in patients with non‐advanced colorectal carcinoma.