bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: Coutrot Thomas , Perez Coralie 
Published: February 2024

« Grande démission », « métiers essentiels », « emplois à impact positif », « bifurqueurs écologiques »… Depuis une dizaine d’années, et plus encore depuis la pandémie de Covid-19, les interrogations sur le sens du travail se multiplient dans la société, et pas seulement chez les jeunes. Si les conséquences d’une perte de sens sur la santé des travailleuses et des travailleurs sont considérables, il est aussi possible d’agir sur les causes de cette perte. Longtemps, dans le débat public comme chez les économistes, le travail en tant qu’activité a été négligé au profit de l’emploi – son volume, sa rémunération, sa durée, etc. La thématique de la souffrance au travail (Dejours, 1998 ) puis celle des risques psychosociaux (Gollac et Bodier, 2011 ) se sont ensuite imposées comme un problème sanitaire majeur. Plus récemment, l’attention s’est portée sur la perte de sens du travail.
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: Jolivet Annie 
Published: February 2024

Les réformes successives des retraites en France ont progressivement allongé la durée de la vie professionnelle, en augmentant la durée de cotisation, puis en relevant les âges seuils pour accéder à une retraite à taux plein. Les réformes de 2019 et de 2023 ont suscité des débats particulièrement vifs quant aux inégales possibilités de rester en emploi jusqu’à la retraite au regard des conditions de travail. Nous proposons ici d’examiner plus particulièrement les conditions de travail dans la dernière partie de la vie professionnelle. Comment les caractéristiques du travail pour des salariés plus âgés se combinent-elles ? Comment cela affecte-t-il leur jugement sur la soutenabilité de leur travail ? Quels sont les aménagements de fin de carrière accessibles ? Quelles autres voies les actions en matière d’amélioration du travail empruntent-elles ?
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: François Pierre , Voldoire Théo 
Published: February 2024

A-t-on assisté, au cours des quarante dernières, à une nouvelle phase de l’affrontement du capital et du travail ? Si l’on s’intéresse à la situation états-unienne, la réponse est sans conteste positive et l’issue de cet affrontement est très favorable au capital. Mais qu’en est-il en France ? L’emprise croissante des logiques financières s’exerce-t-elle dans tous les segments du tissu socioproductif ? Cette domination accrue du capital s’accompagne-t-elle, comme aux États-Unis, d’un affaiblissement délibéré, profond et durable, de la représentation des intérêts du travail ou, au contraire, d’une revivification du conflit entre les deux facteurs de production ?
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: Askenazy Philippe , Cartron Damien 
Published: February 2024

Depuis la rentrée 2022, le manque de chauffeurs de bus est devenu l’illustration médiatique et politique des difficultés de recrutement d’un secteur qui, pourtant, offre souvent une stabilité de l’emploi et des salaires, certes limitée, mais bien plus attractive que dans l’hôtellerie-restauration par exemple. Dans la dernière édition de l’Observatoire de la mobilité, l’Union des transports publics et ferroviaires (UTP) – la principale organisation professionnelle –, mettait en avant les deux causes suivantes : les départs à la retraite massifs et l’absentéisme post-pandémie. Des explications qui écartent la prise en compte des conditions réelles d’exercice du travail.
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: Demazière Didier 
Published: February 2024

Lors des dernières décennies, les services publics ont connu de multiples réformes visant à améliorer leur efficacité et à réduire leurs coûts (Brodkin et Marston, 2013). Le travail des professionnels du guichet, ceux qui sont au contact des usagers, est placé au cœur de cette difficile conciliation : subissent-ils – ou non – une dégradation de leur travail, une perte d’autonomie, un recul de l’expertise, une disparition de leur identité de métier (Bezes et Demazière, 2011) ? Quelles sont, en particulier, les conséquences de la numérisation des services publics sur le travail de ces professionnels ?
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: Molinier Pascale 
Published: February 2024

Certains spécialistes de l’art pariétal font précéder d’un point d’exclamation les catégories d’images incertaines ou soumises à controverses (exemple : « ! vulve ») (Le Quellec, 2022). Le titre de cet article s’en inspire ironiquement pour questionner les rapports entre care et travail. La perspective du care – en tant que manière de regarder le monde à partir des besoins générés par la vulnérabilité du vivant – se déploie dans les registres de l’éthique, du travail et de la politique. Quelles sont les incidences d’une théorisation du care comme travail ? Autrement dit, que signifie investir un cadre conceptuel qui fut initialement pensé au masculin-neutre pour rassembler sous un terme générique des activités masculines et leur donner une valeur ?
Que sait‐on du travail ?
Authors: Devetter François-Xavier , Valentin Julie 
Published: February 2024

Nettoyer (ou plus largement entretenir un espace de vie) est une activité à la fois commune et très spécifique. Commune car elle occupe une partie du temps de tout individu ou presque (en moyenne 5 % du temps éveillé quotidien, avec toujours d’énormes inégalités entre femmes et hommes). Commune également sur le plan professionnel car ce sont près de 8 % des salariés dont l’une des fonctions importantes consiste à nettoyer des espaces privés ou publics. Mais cette activité apparaît également très spécifique en raison du sens qu’elle revêt fréquemment (« corvée domestique », métier ingrat ou invisible) et du fait des conditions dans lesquelles elle s’exerce.
Effect of iron overload on prevalence of common bacterial infection in thalassemia patients
Authors: Obed Fatma Abdulhamza , Omran Ali Mohammad , Jebur Khalid Sh. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Thalassemia is the most common human monogenic disease in the world, associated with several consequences, including recurrent infections, many studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of infection among individuals with thalassemia accounting for about 10% of cases.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to detect the effect of serum iron imbalance on the prevalence of infection in thalassemia patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research was conducted in the Thalassemia Teaching Department at Al Karama Hospital, between March and October 2023. The case–control study was conducted by comparing 60 people with thalassemia with 60 other people who were not thalassemic but suffering from fever and similar symptoms. Through examining urine, sputum, blood, and skin swab samples, samples with a positive result for the bacteria were identified, their sensitivity to antibiotics was examined, and these results were compared with the control group. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, three types of the most common bacteria were chosen for testing due to the limited resources.

RESULTS:
Control groups of 20 males and 30 females with a mean age of 20 ± 4.5 years compared to 60 nonthalassemia febrile patients classified into 34 males and 26 females with the same age range as control groups. It was discovered that the majority of thalassemia patients are infected with E. coli bacteria. It also depends in its infection rate on an imbalance in the level of iron in the blood, whether it is increased, as in thalassemia, or decreased in cases of iron deficiency anemia that E. coli bacteria is the type that most infects thalassemia patients.

CONCLUSION:
Common species of bacteria responsible for infection in thalassemia patients represented by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus associated with serum iron level changes highlighting the need for additional research into the impact of iron imbalance on infections. The study found that imipenem and meropenem had a profound effect on the vast majority of bacterial species involved in thalassemia.
Communicative Behavior of Mass Culture Icon Villain and the Influence on Destructive Behavior in Youth. Joker’s Case
Authors: Osipov Daniil V. 
Published: February 2024

This article examines the potential influence of iconic characters—villains of mass culture—on destructive and aggressive youth behavior. The cultivation of certain societal groups and individual media characters can lead to the normalization of hostility and violence. This study analyzes the communication styles, intelligence, motives, aggression levels, and violent actions of famous villains from films, television, and literature. Particular attention is paid to the Joker’s communicative behavior, dialogues, and language, examining how he psychologically manipulates others and conveys his destructive views through unconventional techniques. Using textual examples from comic books and films, it analyzes how the Joker’s language choices and performative style reflect his background and moral-anarchic worldview. His rhetoric provokes violent reactions from allies and enemies alike, highlighting his ability to destabilize situations. The presented portrait reveals a multi-layered understanding of this legendary creation in different epochs and contexts. The findings indicate certain villain traits that could potentially encourage impressionable youth to engage in harmful behavior. Overall, provocative fiction has a double-edged significance as it can both shape and mislead developing minds. Recommendations are made to reduce the negative effects of glamorizing villains in entertainment media.
Social Media and Higher Education: A Linguistic Analysis of Identity Construction of Pakistani Universities
Authors: Aazam Fareeha , Ang Pei Soo , Isa Noor Aqsa Nabila Mat 
Published: February 2024

This study rigorously explores the linguistic strategies employed by Pakistani universities for identity construction on social media platforms, focusing primarily on X (formerly known as Twitter). Utilizing a robust methodology of corpus-assisted discourse analysis, we scrutinized a substantial dataset comprising 2861 tweets. These were collected from the official X accounts of two leading Pakistani universities, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) and Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), during the academic year 2021/2022. Our in-depth analysis uncovered distinctive linguistic patterns, particularly in the use of pronouns and specific multi-word key terms that each university employs to construct its identity. Intriguingly, the linguistic choices made by these institutions were found to significantly shape their digital identities, reflecting both individuality and broader cultural themes. The study augments existing research in the field by offering novel and context-specific insights into the dynamics of identity construction via social media. It underscores the pivotal role language plays in the organizational branding landscape. Furthermore, the findings from this research serve as a valuable resource for informing and refining communication strategies, not only for educational institutions but also for organizations at large that aim to construct and effectively manage their digital identities on social media platforms.
“We did not Send You There”: Media Representations of the War in Afghanistan and the Emergence and Practice of Cancel Culture in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Anikin Daniil A. , Batishchev Roman Yu. 
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of transformation of historical memory in the context of digitalization. The aim of the article is to make a critical analysis of the “cancel culture” as one of the tools for the formation and transmission of historical identity in digital space and beyond. The new media space from where the phenomenon of cancel culture originated is chosen as the research field. The objective of the article is then to bring the conceptual subjects of memory studies and media theory closer together.
New media differ significantly from traditional media, and these differences determine the change in discursive rules and consequently imply a reorganization of the discursive space. The vertical paternalistic structure of discourse gives way to a horizontal rhizomatic structure, while the rigid author-reader opposition breaks down. The change in discursive rules entails a change of discursive practices. The changes affect not only discursive but also social space, including the space of historical memory. The digitalization of the past entails new forms of memory existence. At the same time, some traditional functions, such as identity formation, are preserved.
New media becomes a platform for identity formation, providing opportunities for the construction and constant reassembly of identities. The article considers “cancel culture” as a marker of this reassembly. It is viewed both as a mode of manifestation and as a source of identity. The critical analysis highlights both the negative and positive characteristics of the phenomenon, explaining its paradoxicality and regularity in the new reality.
Forms of Historical Oblivion and Figures of Silence in Commemorative Practices of the Black Lives Matter Movement: A Comparative Analysis of Media Discourses in English-Speaking Countries
Authors: Linchenko Andrei A. 
Published: February 2024

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) social movement has emerged as a prominent challenge to the principles and values of contemporary societies. Concurrently, the practices of cancel culture extend to the historical past as well. The primary objective of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of forms of historical forgetting and figures of silence within the commemorative practices of BLM, as depicted in media discourses across the English-speaking countries. Making use of the critical discourse analysis methodology of N. Fairclough and S. Jäger, this study analyzes the discursive aspects of monument cancellations and key figures of silence in the media portrayal of BLM commemorative practices in the USA, Canada, the UK, and Australia.
The research reveals that, despite the unique characteristics of media discourses in Australia and Canada, particularly concerning the memory of indigenous peoples, the canceling practices in the countries examined exhibit similar features. These include general forms of oblivion associated with the formation of a new identity, as outlined by P. Connerton, and the use of forgetting as a weapon, as described by A. Assmann, in the quest for symbolic capital. This study identifies and examines key figures of silence within BLM as a community of memory, including a-historical perspective of colonial era events, disproportionate focus on selected cancellation facts, invocation of collective guilt, silence over morally questionable traits of the oppressed, absence of a constructive program linking past and future, and unchecked emotional expression regarding the past.
Trends of ischemic heart disease mortality attributable to smoking in the five countries with the highest number of smokers during 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis
Authors: Tang Shaoliang , Meng Juan , Zhao Xinghua , Sun Wenting 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionSmoking increases the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study aimed to assess the impact of age, period, and cohort on long-term trends in IHD mortality in China, India, Indonesia, the United States, and Russia, the five countries with the highest number of smokers, from 1990 to 2019.Material and methodsThe data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude and direction of trends in smoking-attributable mortality from IHD. Age-period-cohort (APC) studies were used to estimate net drift (estimated annual percentage change (EAPC)s), local drift (age-specific EAPCs), and independent trends in age, period, and cohort effects.ResultsThe analysis revealed a significant downward trend in ASMRs attributable to IHD as a result of smoking in the United States, India, and Russia. Indonesia and China showed an upward trend. Age effects were increasing for both country and sex, with China showing the most significant increase in the older age group; period effects were decreasing in all countries except Indonesia, and cohort effects were increasing only in Indonesia and China.ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, mortality from IHD caused by smoking showed a downward trend in these five countries. However, the pattern of increased mortality from IHD in women caused by smoking warrants further study.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Pakan Ikan Lele Dengan Mesin Cetak Pelet Pada Kelompok Budidaya Ikan (Pokdakan) Desa Beji Ungaran Semarang
Authors: Rahayu Sri Tutie , Alit Astawa Dewa Gede , Suharso Arif Rakhman , Mukti Adi Widanto , Kiswanto Heri 
Published: February 2024

Pelatihan pembuatan pakan ikan lele menggunakan mesin cetak pelet di Kelompok Budidaya Ikan (POKDAKAN) di Desa Beji Ungaran. Pelatihan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan anggota kelompok dalam menciptakan pakan berkualitas. Dengan menerapkan teknologi mesin cetak pelet, diharapkan dapat memperbaiki efisiensi dan konsistensi produksi pakan, serta mendukung pertumbuhan berkelanjutan sektor perikanan lokal. Teknologi mesin cetak pelet diharapkan dapat mengatasi kendala dalam pembuatan pakan, meningkatkan efisiensi, dan mendukung pertumbuhan berkelanjutan sektor perikanan lokal. Melalui pelatihan ini, diharapkan anggota POKDAKAN akan memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan baru yang akan membantu mereka meningkatkan kualitas produksi pakan ikan lele secara berkelanjutan, serta memberikan inspirasi bagi pengembangan sektor perikanan di tingkat pedesaan.
A Magnetic Field-Controlled Phase Transition in Antiferromagnetic Materials
Authors: Егоров В. И. , Крыжановский Б. В. 
Published: February 2024

в приближении теории среднего поля исследованы свойства антиферромагнетика при наличии внешнего магнитного поля. Показано, что внешнее магнитное поле не разрушает фазовый переход в антиферромагнетике, а только изменяет критические показатели и сдвигает критическую точку, что позволяет управлять параметрами системы. При этом число критических точек может изменяться от одной (фазовый переход второго рода) до четырех (два фазовых перехода первого рода и два фазовых перехода второго рода). Исследованы критические показатели в критической точке, сдвинутой магнитным полем. Показано, что в материалах с сильным антиферромагнитным взаимодействием, варьируя величину магнитного поля, можно повысить критическую температуру более чем в три раза.
we studied the properties of antiferromagnetic materials in an external magnetic field using the mean field approximation. We found that the external magnetic field does not destroy the phase transition in antiferromagnetic materials but just changes the critical properties and shifts the critical point so it is possible to control the system properties. Moreover, the number of critical points can vary from one (second-order phase transition) to four (two first-order phase transitions and two second-order phase transitions). We estimated the critical properties at the critical point shifted by the applied magnetic field. We showed that by varying the magnetic field magnitude, we can increase the critical temperature in materials with strong antiferromagnetic interactions by more than 300%.
Formation of Viscous Fingers at Interphase Boundaries During the Joint Displacement of Three Viscous Liquids from Porous Media
Authors: Паремская Л. А. 
Published: February 2024

в работе рассматривается специфика неустойчивого вытеснения вязких жидкостей из пористых сред. Исследуется совместное вытеснение трех вязких жидкостей. В случае, если вязкость вытесняющей жидкости меньше, чем вязкость вытесняемой, на фронте вытеснения возникает известная неустойчивость Саффмана—Тейлора. Предлагается посмотреть на результат вытеснения трех жидкостей с различным перепадом вязкости на границах раздела жидкостей. Наблюдается просачивание «вязких пальцев» одной межфазной границы сквозь «вязкие пальцы», образовавшиеся на другой границе. Также результаты численного моделирования продемонстрировали временный «захват» вытесняемой жидкости при определенном перепаде вязкости на межфазной границе. Выявлено формирование «вязких пальцев» при фронтальном вытеснении, схожих с «пальцами» при радиальном вытеснении. Определяются факторы, влияющие на развитие «пальцев» под углом к направлению течения. Проводится сравнение с результатами, полученными при вытеснении нефти полимерным раствором: предварительной закачкой в пласт дополнительного раствора — жидкости с добавлением высокомолекулярных полимерных соединений, наличие которых приводит к увеличению вязкости жидкости. Благодаря этому осуществляется уменьшение перепада вязкости на границе раствор — нефть, что приводит к существенному увеличению нефтеотдачи
this study examines the peculiarities of the unstable displacement of viscous fluids from porous media. The joint displacement of three viscous fluids is studied. When the viscosity of the displacing fluid is lower than the viscosity of the displaced fluid, the well-known Saffman-Taylor instability occurs at the displacement front. It is proposed to consider the result of displacement of three fluids with different viscosity differences at the interfaces between the fluids. The leakage of “viscous fingers” of one interphase boundary through the “viscous fingers” formed at the other boundary is observed. The numerical modeling results also showed the temporary “trapping” of the displaced fluid at a certain viscosity difference at the interface. The formation of ”viscous fingers” during frontal displacement, similar to “fingers” during radial displacement, was revealed. The factors influencing the formation of “fingers” at an angle to the direction of flow are determined. A comparison is made with the results obtained when displacing oil with a polymer solution: an additional solution – a liquid with the addition of high-molecular polymer compounds, the presence of which leads to an increase in the viscosity of the liquid – is pre-injected into the reservoir. As a result, the viscosity difference at the solution-oil interface is reduced, which leads to a significant increase in oil recovery
Theoretical Foundations of Artificial Neural Network Application to Approximation and Interpolation Problems
Authors: Смородинов А. Д. , Гавриленко Т. В. , Галкин В. А. 
Published: February 2024

в статье проведено исследование теоретической базы искусственных нейронных сетей. Изучалось теоретическое обоснование возможности аппроксимации функций многих переменных суперпозицией функций одной переменной. Рассмотрены основные универсальные теоремы аппроксимации, представленные и доказанные к настоящему моменту зарубежными и отечественными авторами. Рассмотрены теоремы аппроксимации, в которых представлено необходимое количество нейронов в слое — ограничение по ширине; теоремы, в которых показано необходимое количество слоев в нейронной сети — ограничение по глубине; теоремы, в которых авторы доказывают минимальные границы одновременно для количества слоев в сети и количества нейронов на слое — ограничения по глубине и ширине
we studied the theoretical foundations of artificial neural networks as applied to the possibility of approximating functions of many variables by superposition of functions of one variable. We considered the most important universal approximation theorems. We also studied the approximation theorems with the required number of neurons in a layer (width constraint) or the number of layers in a neural network (depth constraint), and the theorems in which their authors prove the existence of min bounds both for the number of layers and for the number of neurons per layer