bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE 12 DS: AN UPDATE TO EDWARDS’ AND RAY’S REASONS FOR NONPARENTAL CAREGIVING
Authors: Lopez Acacia , Nadorff Danielle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of the “Nine D’s,” a framework developed by Edwards and Ray for understanding the heterogeneity of reasons for which grandparents assume care of grandchildren (i.e., Death, Disease, Detention, Divorce, Departure, Drugs, Desertion, Delivery, Deployment) within a contemporary sample. Using a nationwide sample (N = 427) of custodial grandparents and foster parents, caregivers were asked their reason for assuming care of the grandchild or foster child within their care. The results of the study suggest that the Nine D’s are a useful framework, but fail to capture many of the reasons for assuming care. Three new themes—Dollars, Duty, and Daily Grind—were identified and are applicable to both grandfamilies and foster families. These themes represent different motivations for assuming care and provide insight into the social structures which may act as barriers to family formation. This study provides a foundation for future research examining the impact of assumed care by non-parental attachment figures on the health and well-being of both grandchildren and foster children.
THE EFFECTS OF GRANDPARENTAL CARE ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG CHINESE GRANDPARENTS: A LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Lyu Jiahui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the population continues to age, grandparental care has become a more prevalent form of childcare, particularly in China. Limited research has investigated the effects of grandparental care on grandparents’ mental health and the conclusions are ambiguous with both positive and negative outcomes being found. In this study, a life course perspective is adopted to examine the mechanisms of such effects. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2013), I conducted logistic regression models to examine the association between various stages of grandparental care and depressive symptoms among Chinese grandparents between the ages of 45 and 80 (N = 3946). Specifically, this study examines the impact of transitions into or out of grandparental care on depression and the potential moderating role of gender. Results show that grandparents who stop providing care for grandchildren are less likely to experience depression compared to those who provide no grandparental care (OR = 0.78). Additionally, grandmothers who provide ongoing grandparenting tend to have a higher risk of experiencing depression. The findings presented in this study offer valuable insights into the various mental health implications of grandparental care in the Chinese context, underscoring the significance of accounting for gender differences. This study also highlights the need for evidence-based policies and interventions that promote the well-being of older adults.
A PHOTOVOICE STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCES OF BIPOC OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ekwonye Angela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic intensified the stressful and already difficult circumstances of communities of color. Yet, no current photovoice research has highlighted the lived experiences of low-income Black, Indigenous, and persons of color (BIPOC) older adults during the pandemic. This qualitative study used photovoice to visually portray the struggles of low-income BIPOC older adults and how they recovered from and adapted to the impact of the pandemic. The data analyzed were drawn from interviews, focus groups, photographs, and written stories exploring their experiences and how they found meaning. Results show that participants faced different challenges during the pandemic, such as the fear of COVID-19 exposure and death, struggles to adopt COVID-19 mitigation strategies, loneliness, and social isolation. Amid this crisis of suffering, isolation, and sadness, participants found meaning through a positive reappraisal of the negative situation and engaging in emotional, spiritual, social, and physical self-care practices. The findings have implications for clinical social workers, mental health counselors, faith communities, nurse managers and administrators, and policymakers.
ARE INEQUALITIES IN HEART DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY INTERGENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT?
Authors: Kemp Blakelee , Rush Carli , Morton Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Intergenerational patterns in educational attainment are associated with later-life heart health. Yet, whether the association between intergenerational education patterns and adult heart disease varies by cohort and gender is unclear despite the increasing importance of education for health, especially among women. Informed by a life-course perspective, this study aims to further contextualize the link between education and heart disease in time and across groups. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel survey of adults over the age of 50, we examine how patterns in intergenerational education are associated with heart disease prevalence (n=31,141) and incidence from 1998 to 2018 (person-year observations=253,521) and whether these patterns vary by gender and cohort. Overall, individuals characterized by stable-high education (i.e., parent and respondent have at least some college education) consistently had the lowest prevalence and incidence of heart conditions, whereas those with low adult education, regardless of parent’s education, had the highest risk of heart conditions. Findings also indicate that the effects of intergenerational education patterns on adult heart disease were most pronounced for women and the younger cohorts compared to men and older cohorts, respectively. For example, women and the youngest cohort (born 1954-1967) with upward and stably high intergenerational education had the most favorable heart disease outcomes, whereas the same groups with downward intergenerational education experienced the highest heart disease prevalence. Our findings demonstrate the importance of contextualizing how intergenerational educational attainment influences later-life heart conditions by considering variations by gender and cohort.
ARE RURAL OLDER ADULTS READY TO ADOPT AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES (AV)? PREDICTORS OF ATTITUDES TOWARD AV IN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Zoaktafi Mojgan , Gandy Tyler , Yoon Jong Sung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Transportation for older adults residing in rural areas is particularly vital for maintaining their everyday activities including access to health services and community activities. Given unique features of rural areas (e.g., limited public transportation, greater distances to travel but less traffic), autonomous vehicles (AV) can be an innovative solution to rural older adults. Nevertheless, attitudes toward AV can be a significant barrier for older adults to adopt it. In fact, older adults in rural areas tend to hold different attitudes toward and experiences with new technologies. The current study explored how individual difference variables (i.e., age group, gender, technology proficiency, & personality traits) predict attitudes toward AV in rural areas. We first conducted a factor analysis on a 16-item attitude survey (collected from rural areas in USA) which uncovered three factors: concern with AV, willingness to adopt AV, confidence on human driving over AV. ANOVAs on the attitudinal factors showed that older adults (60+ yrs, n = 45) had a lower willingness to adopt AV than young adults (17-21 yrs, n = 47) despite a lower confidence on human driving over AV. There was no age group difference in concern with AV. Multiple regressions supported that technology proficiency can be another significant predictor of willingness to adopt AV over and above other individual difference factors (i.e., age groups, gender, & personality). These results indicate that older adults in rural areas have complex and ambivalent attitudes toward AV, which suggest different approaches to the dissemination of AV technology for them.
COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL IMPACTS OF CHILD LABOR IN INDIA: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EDUCATION
Authors: Lee Seolah , Vikram Kriti , Lee Hyo Jung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aims to examine how entry into the labor market in childhood is associated with deficits in late-life cognitive and functional health. Using the Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage Theory, it further explores how educational attainment, an indicator of socio-economic status, mediates the associations between child labor and cognitive and functional health among older adults in India. Lastly, it investigates if the results vary by gender. We use the nationally representative World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and Health (SAGE), and select respondents aged 50 years or older (n = 6,215 for Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); n=6,408 for the Functional Limitation (FL)). Mediation models were performed for each dependent variable using the sgmediation2 program, bootstrapped 5,000 resamples, and percentile bootstrap confidence interval. The indirect and total effects of child labor on MMSE were significant, while the direct effect of child labor was not. For FL, the indirect effect was significant, but the direct and total effects were not. Gender difference was found in terms of the direct effect, child work was directly associated with a lower MMSE score in older women (p &lt; .01), whereas it was not significant for older men. Findings suggest that early entry into the labor market (as a child) has a negative impact on older adults’ MMSE and FL through deprivation of educational opportunities. Providing opportunities for completing certain level of education can mitigate the negative impact of child labor on health in old age.
HOUSEHOLD ENVIRONMENTS AND COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS IN CHINA
Authors: Luo Ye , Zhao Dandan , Pan Xi , Zhang Lingling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Household conditions play a crucial role in the well-being of older adults, who usually spend much longer time in their homes than younger adults. Few studies have examined the compound effects of multiple household conditions on trajectory of cognition function among older adults. This study examines the relationship between household environments and trajectories of cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China. It also examines urban/rural, gender, and age variations in this relationship. Using a representative sample of 16,111 respondents aged 45 years and over from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), we estimated multi-level linear growth curve models of household social, economic, and physical conditions on cognitive decline over seven years. The results show that older people who lived with spouse but not with children and those with higher living expenditures, better housing quality, and indoor clean fuels for cooking had slower cognitive decline. Living arrangement more strongly predicted men’s cognitive decline while living expenditure, solid fuel use and housing quality significantly predicted only women’s cognitive decline. Only for adults aged 60 year and over, living alone or living with spouse and adult children significantly predicted a faster cognitive decline. Only for rural residents, living alone or living with young children and no adult children significantly predicted a faster cognitive decline. These findings underscore the importance of social policies and programs targeting at improving the living conditions of older adults to help mitigate their cognitive decline.
INEQUALITY IN AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS AMONG OLDER ADULTS AND ELDERLY IN INDIA
Authors: Singh Rajeev 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Globally, 1.1 billion people have some form of visual impairment, and 90 percent of them live in low and middle-income countries. The prevalence of visual impairment is increasing, and the likelihood of increasing this trend is also higher. Yet, there is little evidence on the extent of awareness, treatment, and control (ATC) of visual impairment in India. We estimate the prevalence and ATC of visual impairment among older adults and the elderly across socioeconomic groups. We used the unit data from the first round of the Longitudinal ageing study of India (LASI), 2017-18, bivariate analysis, estimated age sex-adjusted prevalence, logistic regression, concentration index, and concentration curve used in the analyses. Among the 45+ population, 30.18% have any form of visual impairment, around 47.96% have awareness about the visual impairment, 17.21% have taken treatment for vision-related issues, and 12.70% have control vision after treatment. The prevalence was higher among the illiterate poor and females; however, the awareness, treatment, and control were higher among those with higher education who belongs to the richer richest wealth quintile. The concentration index and concentration curve suggest that higher prevalence was concentrated among the poor, and contrary to that, awareness treatment and control were concentrated among richer. To deal with it, public health services from the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels may be integrated for effective care of growing, underdiagnosed, and untreated visual impairments among older adults and the elderly in India.
PERCEIVED SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, PRODUCTIVE SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT, AND SUBJECTIVE HEALTH: LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN TAIWAN
Authors: Su Chin-Yi , Chao Shiau Fang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Productive social engagement (PSE) has been identified as a crucial factor in promoting subjective health in later life. However, there has been limited focus on how perceived socioeconomic status (SES) among older adults mediates this relationship over the long term. This study employed data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging to examine a sample of 2,865 individuals aged 55 or above from 2011 to 2015. By employing a path analysis, this study tested the hypothesized effects developed from active aging theory and social capital theory. Results indicates that : 1. Higher levels of PSE and perceived SES predicted higher subjective health within the same wave, both in T1 and T2. 2. Perceived SES mediated the relationship between PSE and subjective health only in T1. Also, the effect of T1 PSE on T2 PSE operated through T1perceived SES. 3. T1 PSE positively predicted T2 subjective health through T1 perceived SES and T2 perceived SES over the time. This study sheds light on the mechanism linking PSE, perceived SES, and subjective health. The findings suggest that higher perceived SES is associated with more PSE in a four-year interval, which in turn predicts higher subjective health. This indicates that social capital may facilitate older adults’ access to PSE over time. Future research should investigate the role of perceived SES and how it interacts with objective and subjective physical well-being in later life. Interventions should target ways to help older adults access opportunities for engaging in productive activities to improve their health.
PRIMARY MOTIVATIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS AND LATINOS TO PARTICIPATE IN ALZHEIMER’S PREVENTION RESEARCH
Authors: Murillo Lizbeth Vera , Collie Angel , Meulen Maria Vander , Villamor Monique , Nicholson-Bell Jody 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) is higher among racial/ethnic minorities as compared to White/Caucasian individuals, yet there is poor representation in ADRD research for these minoritized groups. It is essential to investigate the motivation to participate in research for individuals from minoritized groups to optimize inclusiveness through recruitment and retention strategies. The current project explores racial/ethnic differences in motivations to participate in an ADRD prevention study using case-controlled matching between White/Caucasians (n=210; M = 71.01 years, SD = 4.41) and African American/Black (n=210; M = 71.26 years, SD = 4.47) participants, and between non-Hispanics (n = 158; M =71.13, SD = 5.33), and Hispanic participants (n = 157; M = 71.48 years, SD = 5.14). Results indicated Latinos/Hispanics were more likely to report concerns about brain health and aging (59.7%; χ ² = 3.99, p &lt; .05, φ=.11) and improvement of personal brain health (60.9%; χ ² = 4.30, p &lt; .05, φ=.12) as a motivator compared to non-Hispanics. African American/Blacks were more likely to report concerns about brain health (59.6%; χ ² = 4.66, p &lt; .05, φ=.12) as a motivator compared to White/Caucasians. Data from the current study about the concerns of cognitive decline and brain health for African Americans/Blacks and Latinos/Hispanic opens an avenue by which participation in clinical trials may be increased by better project marketing/advertisement focusing on the advantages of preventative health behaviors involving non-pharmacological methods and cognitive health resources that might be available within a research environment.
REPORTED HISTORY OF ABORTION AS A CONTRIBUTOR OF RELIGIOSITY AMONG OLDER WOMEN HELD IN CORRECTIONAL CUSTODY
Authors: Minet Hailey , Barnett Brianna , Bishop Alexander , Randall Kevin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study assessed the interconnection between abortion, forgiveness, and social provisions on religiosity for N = 157 older women (45 years and older) under correctional custody in Oklahoma. Guided by the Model of Developmental Adaptation, path analysis was conducted positing positive religiosity as the developmental outcome, regressed on proximal influences assessed by social provisions and forgiveness and the distal influence, the independent predictor, whether or not a woman had ever had an elective abortion in their lifetime. Endogenous measures were controlled for age, race, marital status, education, and crime type. Using Mplus 8.8 and an estimator that provides parameter estimates and a chi-square test statistic robust to non-normality, the model fit well with a non-significant chi square test statistics and significant parameter estimates as expected. Reported history of abortion was significantly associated with forgiveness (β= .25, p &lt; .05) and social provisions (β = .31, p &lt; .05). Forgiveness was also significantly associated with religiosity (β = .32, p &lt; .01). Mediating paths were not significant. Among these women, 37% of the developmental outcome, religiosity was explained primarily by forgiveness. It appears that older women in correctional custody who have received an elective abortion have a greater disposition to engage in forgiveness and seek social support. A greater disposition to forgive also directly contributes to increased religious activity among these same women. Results have implications relative to how forensic counselors, correctional social workers, and prison chaplains provide intervening services and rehabilitation programming to sustain quality-of-life for older women aging-in-custody.
SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: DO GENDER DIFFERENCES EXIST?
Authors: You Suha , Kim Giyeon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sleep is a key part of a healthy lifestyle, but aging causes sleep problems by decreased melatonin levels. Sleep disturbance includes problems falling or staying asleep, too much sleep, or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most common sleep-related breathing disorder in older adults. Thus, aging-related changes in sleep should be studied in various aspects of elderly’s health such as physical, mental, and cognitive health. As part of that, this study aims to (1) examine the connection between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms and (2) investigate whether gender differences exist. Participants were Korean adults aged 65 and older (N=1,316) from the 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey measured sleep disturbances (OSA, insomnia, hypersomnia), depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine whether sleep disturbances influence depressive symptoms and test the interaction between sleep disturbance and gender. Results revealed that after adjusting for covariates, those with more risk factors for OSA (B=1.056, p=.000) or with insomnia (B=1.527, p=.000) were more likely to have greater depressive symptoms than their counterparts. Additionally, the relative influences of OSA (B=1.295, p=.000) or insomnia (B=.965, p=.023) on depressive symptoms were contingent upon gender. However, no correlation was observed between hypersomnia and depressive symptoms. Although both OSA and insomnia are risk factors for depressive symptoms, older women with OSA or insomnia showed more severe depressive symptoms than older men with OSA or insomnia. Findings suggest the need to make sophisticated approaches considering homogeneity and heterogeneity within older adults.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH MULTIMORBIDITY
Authors: Lim Arum , Benjasirisan Chitchanok , Liu Xiaoyue , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison , Davidson Patricia , Koirala Binu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multimorbidity is prevalent in older adults and is related to various adverse health outcomes, including high emergency department (ED) visits. Evidence suggests that social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with many health outcomes, but the association between SDoH and ED visits among older adults with multimorbidity has received limited attention. This study aimed to examine the association between SDoH and ED visits among older adults with multimorbidity. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 25,078 adults aged 50 years and older from the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more self-reported diseases among nine common chronic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, stroke, and cancer. The SDoH assessed included race, education, poverty, marital status, employment status, insurance status, and having a usual place for medical care. Participants’ mean (±SD) age was 68.06 (±10.16) years, and 55.13% were female. After adjusting for age, sex, and categories of comorbidities in the logistic regression model, high school or less education (AOR=1.14, 95%CI=1.05-1.24), poverty income ratio &lt; 1 (AOR=1.50, 95%CI=1.35-1.66), unmarried (AOR=1.23, 95%CI=1.15-1.32), and unemployment status (AOR=1.36, 95%CI=1.25-1.48) had higher odds of having 1 or more ED visits. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher odds (AOR=1.28, 95%CI=1.18-1.40), while non-Hispanic Asians had lower odds (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.56-0.84) of 1 or more ED visits than non-Hispanic Whites. SDoH are associated with ED visits among older adults with multimorbidity; providers should consider SDoH in health-seeking behaviors and to promote health equity.