bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fellowships of the INGs
Authors: Shi Xiaobing , Gozani Or 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe inhibitor of growth (ING) family of proteins is an evolutionarily conserved family, with members present from yeast to humans. The mammalian ING proteins are candidate tumor suppressor proteins and accordingly can cooperate with p53 to arrest proliferation and induce apoptosis. ING proteins are also reported to function in the promotion of cellular senescence, the regulation of DNA damage responses and the inhibition of angiogenesis. At the molecular level, ING proteins are thought to function as chromatin regulatory molecules, acting as co‐factors for distinct histone and factor acetyl‐transferase (H/FAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme complexes. Further, ING proteins interact with a number of additional proteins involved in the regulation of critical nuclear processes, such as gene expression and DNA replication, and also function as nuclear phosphoinositide (PtdInsP) receptors. Despite the increasing number of known molecular interacting partners for ING proteins, the specific biochemical action of mammalian ING proteins and its relationship to tumor suppression remain elusive. In this Prospect, we summarize the present understanding of the binding partners and physiologic roles of ING proteins and propose a general molecular paradigm for how ING proteins might function to prevent cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
siRNA depletion of 7SK snRNA induces apoptosis but does not affect expression of the HIV‐1 LTR or P‐TEFb‐dependent cellular genes
Authors: Haaland Richard E. , Herrmann Christine H. , Rice Andrew P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractP‐TEFb is a general transcriptional elongation factor composed of Cdk9 and either cyclin T1, T2, or K. A substantial portion of P‐TEFb is associated with the 7SK small nuclear RNA (7SK) and the HEXIM1 or HEXIM2 proteins; this complex has reduced kinase activity in vitro relative to free P‐TEFb. Here we report that 7SK and HEXIM1 levels are induced in activated lymphocytes concomitantly with increased P‐TEFb activity and global transcription. We used siRNA‐mediated depletion to probe the function of 7SK in HeLa cells. Depletion of 7SK caused a large reduction in the association of HEXIM1 with Cdk9 and cyclin T1, and greatly reduced the amount of the cyclin T1 present in the 7SK/HEXIM1/P‐TEFb complex. Similar to previous studies, siRNA‐mediated depletion of 7SK resulted in increased expression of several reporter plasmids tested, including a plasmid lacking promoter elements. However, in contrast to previous studies, which did not examine the effects of 7SK depletion on endogenous gene expression, depletion of 7SK did not appear to affect the expression of the corresponding endogenous genes. Moreover, 7SK depletion had no effect on expression from the integrated HIV‐1 provirus or the c‐myc and MCL‐1 genes, three transcription units known to be highly dependent upon P‐TEFb. Importantly, depletion of 7SK was found to cause apoptosis by 72 h post‐transfection in HeLa cells. These results suggest that 7SK may provide an essential cellular function whose relation to P‐TEFb function is unclear. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of myoclonus in SCA2 by piracetam
Authors: De Rosa Anna , Striano Pasquale , Barbieri Fabrizio , De Falco Arturo , Rinaldi Carlo , Tucci Tecla , Striano Salvatore , Filla Alessandro , De Michele Giuseppe 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report on a 30‐year‐old patient with advanced cerebellar degeneration due to SCA2. He presented with severe myoclonus, which was resistant to conventional therapy and dramatically improved after administration of 12–18 gm/die piracetam. Piracetam may be considered in the treatment of refractory myoclonus in spinocerebellar degenerations. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Living cationic polymerization of azobenzene‐containing vinyl ether and its photoresponsive behavior
Authors: Yoshida Tomohide , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe living cationic polymerization of 4‐[2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy]azobenzene (AzoVE) was achieved with various Lewis acids in the presence of an ester as an added base. When Et1.5AlCl1.5 was used as a catalyst, the living polymerization system was controllable by UV irradiation as a result of cis and trans isomerization of the azobenzene side groups. Furthermore, an initiating system consisting of SnCl4 and EtAlCl2 realized fast living polymerization of AzoVE. The polymerization rate of this system was 3 orders of magnitude faster than that obtained with Et1.5AlCl1.5. Poly(4‐[2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy]azobenzene) was soluble in a diethyl ether/hexane mixture at 25 °C but became insoluble upon irradiation with UV light. This phase‐transition behavior was sensitive and reversible upon irradiation with UV or visible light and reflected the change in polarity occurring with cis and trans isomerization of the azobenzene side groups in the polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5138–5146, 2005
Configuration of twins in glass‐embedded silver nanoparticles of various origin
Authors: Hofmeister H. , Dubiel M. , Tan G. L. , Schicke K.‐D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe present issue of physica status solidi (a), guest‐edited by Wolfgang Neumann, is dedicated to Professor Johannes Heydenreich, member of the Advisory and Editorial Board since 1986, on the occasion of his 75th birthday.The journal cover shows a transmission electron micrograph of a cyclic twinned silver nanoparticle in 〈110〉 zone axis orientation that contains two pairs of stacking faults in one twin segment. The stacking sequence of atomic layers in between twin boundaries 4 and 5 is depicted in a schematic representation below.
Control of microfluidic systems: two examples, results, and challenges
Authors: Armani Micheal , Chaudhary Satej , Probst Roland , Walker Shawn , Shapiro Benjamin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes results and challenges in feedback control of microfluidic systems. Results are provided for two representative examples: control of liquid droplets by electrically actuated surface tension forces and steering of many particles at once by micro flow control. Common themes and challenges are outlined based on the authors' research programs and on the results of the March 2004 NSF workshop on ‘Control and System Integration of Micro‐ and Nano‐Scale Systems’ organized by the author. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief report: A longitudinal investigation of the relation between a negative cognitive triad and depressive symptoms in youth
Authors: Timbremont Benedikte , Braet Caroline 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe present study examined self‐reported depressive symptoms and associated cognitive features by reporting data from a 1‐year longitudinal study of a community sample of 93 children and 69 adolescents. Results revealed that in childhood a negative cognitive triad appeared to be more a consequence than a predictor of depressive symptoms after 1 year. In adolescence, a negative view of the future was predictive of depressive symptoms after 1 year. A negative cognitive triad also appeared to be a consequence of depressive symptoms. The results imply that in youth depressive symptoms produce changes in the cognitive style, which may put them at risk for future episodes of depression.
Mifepristone (RU486) inhibits lateral perforant path long‐term potentiation in hippocampal slices from prenatally morphine‐exposed female rats
Authors: Velíšek Libor , Vathy Ilona 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn brain slices from prenatally saline‐exposed female rats during proestrus and diestrus, long‐term potentiation (LTP) can be induced in the lateral perforant pathway (LPP). Prenatal morphine exposure suppresses LTP induction in the LPP during proestrus. Here we studied synaptic plasticity in the LPP in slices from female rats prenatally exposed to morphine. Two additional factors were investigated: the role of the estrous cycle and role of glucocorticoid receptors. Hippocampal slices were prepared from adult, prenatally saline‐ or morphine‐exposed female rats. One hour prior to decapitation, vaginal smears were obtained and the rats either in proestrus or diestrus were treated with a non‐specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486) or with a vehicle. LPP was stimulated with high‐frequency stimulation. Short‐tem plasticity (STP) and the induction and maintenance of long‐term potentiation (LTP) were assessed. In all groups of prenatally saline‐exposed rats, LTP was induced and maintained with the exception of RU486‐treated rats during proestrus where the LTP was induced but not maintained. In prenatally morphine‐exposed females in diestrus, both STP and LTP were induced after postnatal vehicle treatment. In morphine‐exposed, proestrous females, neither STP nor LTP were induced irrespective of the postnatal treatment. Thus, prenatal morphine exposure suppresses the induction of LTP in the LPP, except during diestrus.Data indicate that the induction and maintenance of LTP in the LPP in hippocampal slices from female rats is multifactorial: ovarian steroids and functionality of glucocorticoid receptors cooperation are necessary for induction and maintenance of the LTP, prenatal morphine exposure interferes with this process possibly by it's long‐term effects on synaptic plasticity.
Caring for victims of sexual abuse
Authors: Cook R.J. , Dickens B.M. , Thapa S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRecognizing sexual abuse to be universal, in stable as well as disordered societies and directed predominantly but not only against younger women, this article first considers legal definitions of sexual abuse and the forensic evidence health care providers may be expected to gather. It explores the impact on victims of historic definitions of rape, and legal reforms to dispense with proof of sexual penetration. The WHO 2003 guidelines for medico‐legal care for victims of sexual violence are noted, which emphasize the need for physical and psychological care of victims. The guidelines show that goals of treating victims and retaining forensic evidence can create a clinical dilemma. Ethical issues concern management of this dilemma, probing whether patients' psychological disturbance may have roots in past sexual abuse, and the conduct of appropriate research. It concludes that much sexual abuse is symptomatic of women's sexual subordination and disregard of their human rights.
NEAR-ISOMETRIES BETWEEN $C(K)$-SPACES
Authors: Cutland N. J. , Zimmer G. B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLet $X$, $Y$ be compact Hausdorff spaces and let $T:C(X,\mathbb{R})\to C(Y,\mathbb{R})$ be an invertible linear operator. Non-standard analysis is used to give a new intuitive proof of the Amir–Cambern result that if $\|T\|\hskip1pt\|T^{-1}\|\lt2$, then there is a homeomorphism $\psi:Y\to X$. The approach provides a proof of the following representation theorem for such near-isometries:$$ Tf=(T1_X)(f\circ\psi)+Sf, $$with $\|S\|\leq2(\|T\|-(1/\|T^{-1}\|))$, so $\|S\|\lt\|T\|$. If $\|T\|\hskip1pt\|T^{-1}\|=1$, then $S=0$, giving the well-known representation for isometries.
MICROLOCAL ANALYSIS OF GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS: PSEUDODIFFERENTIAL TECHNIQUES AND PROPAGATION OF SINGULARITIES
Authors: Garetto Claudia , Hörmann Günther 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe characterize microlocal regularity, in the $\mathcal{G}^{\infty}$-sense, of Colombeau generalized functions by an appropriate extension of the classical notion of micro-ellipticity to pseudodifferential operators with slow-scale generalized symbols. Thus we obtain an alternative, yet equivalent, way of determining generalized wavefront sets that is analogous to the original definition of the wavefront set of distributions via intersections over characteristic sets. The new methods are then applied to regularity theory of generalized solutions of (pseudo)differential equations, where we extend the general non-characteristic regularity result for distributional solutions and consider propagation of $\mathcal{G}^{\infty}$-singularities for homogeneous first-order hyperbolic equations.
new communications technology in the context of interactive sound art: an empirical analysis
Authors: frisk henrik , yoshida miya 
Published: September 2005

in this article we discuss the notion of ‘interaction’, ‘participation’ and ‘the public’ in artistic work, specifically within the context of the exhibition the invisible landscapes (curated by miya yoshida, malmö konstmuseum, 2003) and ethersound (created by henrik frisk), a sound installation displayed in that exhibition. in this work the audience is invited to participate in the creation of new sound events by sending text messages from their mobile phones. thus, our discussion is focused on the space and the mode of participation opened up by new communication technology. based on our experiences of that project, we introduce and explain what we believe are relations of creative production and a different kind of creativity that may emerge from active interaction. we also attempt to describe what we believe an implementation of active public participation can lead to.we are combining two modes of thinking in this article; one is inspired by a discourse of cultural theories and the other by reflection on our experience of the event. the latter is, by definition, rather subject centred and expansive based on individual observation. we examine and analyse the phenomenon of ‘participation’ whilst playing ethersound as a process of creative production, and seek to reflect upon the power of the co-operative practice and its relation to participation and creativity.
Iron fortification of infant formula
Authors: Moy R. J. D 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to examine the need for and appropriate level of Fe fortification of infant formula, and to assess any adverse effects of Fe fortification. The appropriate level of Fe fortification of infant formula has been established through studies of Fe absorption or erythrocyte incorporation of Fe, and through clinical trials of formulas with varying levels of Fe that were aimed at preventing the development of Fe deficiency in participating infants. In addition, the effects of varying levels of Fe fortification on the absorption of other minerals and trace elements, and on the incidence of infection and immune function have been studied, as has the effect of adding bovine lactoferrin to formula. Studies of Fe absorption have shown that increasing the level of Fe fortification in formula does not significantly increase the amount absorbed, and that the addition of bovine lactoferrin is unlikely to further increase absorption of Fe. Quite different recommendations for the level of Fe fortification of formula are made in the USA and in Europe. The higher level (12 mg/l) commonly used in the USA is not well supported by the evidence from clinical trials that suggest that lower levels (4 mg/l or less) may be adequate to prevent the development of Fe deficiency. Higher levels of Fe fortification may also interfere with the absorption of other minerals such as Cu and Se. Concerns about potential adverse effects of Fe fortification on immune function and susceptibility to infections have been disproved as have concerns about associated gastrointestinal symptomatology. There are no clearly demonstrated advantages in using ‘follow-on’ formula with high Fe content (up to 13 mg/l) instead of the standard UK formulas with Fe fortification in the range 4–7 mg/l after the age of 6 months, although they may provide an important ‘safety net’ for the prevention of Fe deficiency in communities with weaning diets low in Fe.
Effects of guar gum and cellulose on glucose absorption, hormonal release and hepatic metabolism in the pig
Authors: Nunes C. Simões , Malmlöf K. 
Published: September 2005

Six Large White pigs (mean body-weight 59 (se 1.7) kg) were surgically fitted with permanent catheters in the portal vein, the brachiocephalic artery and the right hepatic vein, as well as with electromagnetic flow probes around the portal vein and the hepatic artery, and allowed to recover. The non-anaesthetized animals were given a basal non-fibre diet (diet A) alone or together with 60 g guar gum/kg (diet B) or 150 g purified cellulose/kg (diet C) by substitution for mica. The diets were given for weekly periods and according to a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. On the last day of each such adaptation period, test meals of 800 g were given before blood sampling. Sampling was continued for 8 h. Guar gum strongly reduced glucose apparent absorption without changing the absorption and the hepatic uptake profiles. Production rates of insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were lowest after guar gum ingestion. However, the reductions in peripheral blood insulin levels caused by guar gum were not associated with a change in hepatic insulin extraction. IGF-1 appeared to be strongly secreted by the gut, whereas the liver had a net uptake of the peptide. Ingestion of guar gum increased the hepatic extraction coefficient of gut-produced IGF-1. Guar gum ingestion appeared also to decrease glucagon secretion.Cellulose at the level consumed had very few effects on the variables considered.It is suggested that the modulation of intestinal mechanisms by guar gum was sufficient to mediate the metabolic effects described
Arteriolization of Capillaries and FGF‐2 Upregulation in Skeletal Muscles of Patients with Chronic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: BAUM OLIVER , DJONOV VALENTIN , GANSTER MURIELLE , WIDMER MATTHIAS , BAUMGARTNER IRIS 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTObjective: Microvascular changes in ischemic skeletal muscle are described derived from patients with long‐lasting peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods: Skeletal muscles from the lower limb of 17 patients (obtained after amputation) with chronic PAD and 4 asymptomatic controls (obtained from biopsies after bypass surgery) were evaluated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Results: The capillaries in skeletal muscles of PAD patients were surrounded by a more than 1μ m‐thick coat, which was positively stained for basement membrane pericapillary coat collagen type IV. Thickness of the coat correlated with presence of PAD (p < .0001), and less strongly with diabetes mellitus (p = .023) and age of patients (p = .019). The majority of the capillaries in skeletal muscles of PAD patients (71.1 ± 15.3%) were covered with cells positive for smooth muscle cell actin (sma) as compared to samples from asymptomatic controls (22.8% ± 9.6%; p < .0001) suggesting advanced arteriolization. Semiquantitative analysis revealed that patients with PAD demonstrate a higher expression of FGF‐2 in capillary endothelial cells (67.8 ± 17.5%) as compared to controls (10.2 ± 8.4%; p < .0001), whereas VEGF immunoreactivity was only occasionally present in extravascular cells.Conclusion: Thickened collagen type IV‐positive basement membranes in combination with a significant increase in sma‐coverage indicate arteriolization of capillaries characteristic for chronic PAD, what may be related to high FGF‐2 expression in capillary endothelial cells.
An assessment of sediment contamination in Presque Isle Bay, PA, with historical comparisons
Authors: Diz Harry R. 
Published: September 2005

The harbor at Erie, Pennsylvania, known as Presque Isle Bay (the 43rd Great Lakes Area of Concern), has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as being in a stage of recovery. The impaired beneficial uses include the high incidence of fish tumors and restrictions on dredging. The goal of this study was to assess the level of chemical contamination in Bay sediments, and to some extent its tributaries, and to compare the findings to prior studies. Parameters investigated were the previously identified contaminants of concern: selected heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The acid volatile sulfide/simultaneously extracted metals ratio was used to estimate bioavailability of metals.
It appeared that the deepest sediments and the most recent sediments were less contaminated with heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than those sediments in the middle region studied, that is, from about 10 cm below the surface to about 30 cm below the surface. These more highly contaminated sediments are estimated to represent deposition during the second half of the 20th century.
The most recent results for the most superficial sediments are encouraging for stakeholders because there were fewer cases of heavy metals exceeding their respective probable effects concentrations. The metals of greatest concern continued to be Cd, Ni and Pb, in that order. The sites most contaminated with heavy metals were those off Cascade Creek and the site least contaminated with heavy metals was the one nearest the mouth of Mill Creek. Data on stream sediments suggest that more work must be done within the watershed, especially the Cascade Creek and Myrtle Street drainages, to reduce the level of metal contamination reaching the Bay via sediment particles. In the most recently studied sediments certain metals continued to exist at levels approaching or exceeding their probable effects concentrations. However, the acid volatile sulfide/simultaneously extracted metals hypothesis suggests that those metals are not bioavailable.
The pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination is similar to that of the metals, with the most highly contaminated sites being those along the city's waterfront and in the center of the Bay. The hydrocarbons measured in the most recent sediments were all lower than those measured in 1994, and were well below the probable effects concentration for total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. While there may be other important factors not studied or reviewed in this paper, these findings suggest that heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as of 2003, likely exert only a moderate adverse impact on the aquatic ecosystem of Presque Isle Bay.
Etoposide‐induced DNA strand breaks in relation to p‐glycoprotein and topoisomerase II protein expression in leukaemic cells from patients with AML and CLL
Authors: Zhou R. , Vitols S. , Gruber A. , Liliemark J. , Wang Y. , Liliemark E. 
Published: September 2005

Elevated expression of the membrane transporter p‐glycoprotein (pgp) and impaired expression of the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase II (topo II) are well‐known mechanisms for in vitro acquired drug resistance. The clinical relevance of topo II remains unclear, whereas a relationship between pgp levels and treatment results has been shown in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). We have investigated the relationships between the levels of topo II and pgp, and in vitro sensitivity to etoposide in mononuclear blood cells from 24 patients with AML, 16 with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and five healthy blood donors.Following incubation with etoposide, AML cells showed more DNA damage, determined by a DNA unwinding technique, than CLL cells (P  =  0.001), whereas there was no difference in cellular etoposide accumulation. Pgp and topo IIβ levels, determined by Western blot, showed a pronounced variation between patients, but no correlation with induced DNA damage, whereas topo IIα protein was undetectable. In the AML group, topo IIβ expression correlated with pgp expression (ρ  =  0.7, P  =  0.001, n  =  24). The topo IIβ expression was 147.4(±74.6)% in the pgp+ AML cells (n  =  10), compared to 33.4(±27.8)% in pgp− AML cells (n  =  14) (P  =  0.0001). Our results show a previously unknown coexpression of topo IIβ and pgp in AML, thereby suggesting that topo IIβ is a potentially interesting resistance factor in AML.