bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretching the boundary: the possibilities of flexibility as an organizational capability in industrial ecology
Authors: Boons Frank , Berends Marjolein 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe concept of industrial ecology focuses on groups of firms and their stakeholders that interact to achieve sustainable development. This article presents a dynamic approach to the interaction within such networks of organizations. The literature on networks and group dynamics provides us with contradicting views on the extent to which learning is possible in a developing group of organizations. We assess these views, and apply them to three types of groups of firms: sectors of industry, product chains, and regionally defined groups. In addition, the necessary capabilities of individual organizations to learn within these contexts are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability
Authors: Dyllick Thomas , Hockerts Kai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe article is intended as a contribution to the ongoing conceptual development of corporate sustainability. At the business level sustainability is often equated with eco‐efficiency. However, such a reduction misses several important criteria that firms have to satisfy if they want to become truly sustainable.This article discusses how the concept of sustainable development has evolved over the past three decades and particularly how it can be applied to the business level. It then goes on to describe the three types of capital relevant within the concept of corporate sustainability: economic, natural and social capital.From this basis we shall then develop the six criteria managers aiming for corporate sustainability will have to satisfy: eco‐efficiency, socio‐efficiency, eco‐effectiveness, socio‐effectiveness, sufficiency and ecological equity. The article ends with a brief outlook towards future research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: a basis for Jus Cogens prohibition of juvenile capital punishment in the United States*
Authors: Walker Nancy E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article supports the position that the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) articulates a prohibition of capital punishment of juveniles that now must be considered a norm of jus cogens. The article provides statistics and trends regarding juveniles who commit capital crimes and describes how the U.S. justice system handles such juveniles, including Eighth Amendment analyses of juvenile executions under the U.S. Constitution. The article also discusses community consensus regarding evolving standards of decency, describes international law on the capital punishment of juveniles, and outlines worldwide trends in juvenile executions. It then defines and describes the concepts of customary international law and jus cogens, applying these concepts to the problem of the execution of juveniles in the United States. The article concludes by suggesting that there is a moral imperative for universal prohibition of juvenile capital punishment and by speculating about the domestic effects of applying such a jus cogens norm in the United States. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student responses to the gross anatomy laboratory in a medical curriculum
Authors: Dinsmore Charles E. , Daugherty Steven , Zeitz Howard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWorking with cadavers, whether through active dissection or by examination of prosected specimens, constitutes a potential stressor in medical education although there is no consensus on its effect. Some reports have suggested that it creates such a strongly negative experience that it warrants special curricular attention. To assess the issue for ourselves, we administered surveys to the freshman medical students taking the Anatomical Sciences course in the problem‐based Alternative Curriculum (A.C.) at Rush Medical College for four consecutive years. We found that although a vast majority of students expressed a positive attitude toward the experience, both before and after taking the course, there remains a small percentage of students for whom human dissection may initially be a traumatic experience. We offer explanations for our findings, comments on disparate results from other studies and suggestions for appropriate responses by anatomy faculty, who must address these student needs. Clin. Anat. 14:231–236, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy: Immediate and long‐term follow‐up results
Authors: Arora Ramesh , Kalra Gurcharan Singh , Singh Sandeep , Mukhopadhyay Saibal , Kumar Ashish , Mohan Jagdish Chander , Nigam Madhuri 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPercutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy has emerged as an effective nonsurgical technique for the treatment of patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis. This report highlights the immediate and long‐term follow‐up results of this procedure in an unselected cohort of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis from a single center. It was performed in a total of 4,850 patients using double balloon in 320 (6.6%), flow‐guided Inoue balloon technique in 4,374 (90.2%), and metallic valvulotome in 156 (3.2%) patients. Their age range was 6.5–72 years (mean, 27.2 ± 11.2 years) and 1,552 (32%) patients were under 20 years of age. Atrial fibrillation was present in 702 (14.5%) patients. No patient was rejected on the basis of echocardiographic score using the Wilkins criteria. Echocardiographic score of ≥ 8 was present in 1,632 (33.6%) patients, of which 103 (2.1%) had densely calcified (Wilkins score 4+) valve. A detailed clinical and echocardiographic (two‐dimensional, continuous‐wave Doppler and color‐flow imaging) assessment was done at every 3 months for the first year and at 6‐month interval thereafter. The procedure was technically successful in 4,838 (99.8%) patients but optimal result was achieved in 4,408 (90.9%) patients with an increase in mitral valve area (MVA) from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 1.9 ± 0.3 cm2 (P < 0.001) and a reduction in mean transmitral gradient from 29.5 ± 7.0 to 5.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg (P < 0.001). The mean left atrial pressure decreased from 32.1 ± 9.8 to 13.1 ± 6.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Although there was no statistically significant difference in the MVA achieved between de novo and restenosed valves (1.9 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.2 cm2, respectively; P > 0.05), or between noncalcific and calcific valves (2.0 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.2 cm2, respectively; P > 0.05), on the whole MVA obtained after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy was less in restenosed and calcific valves. Ten (0.20%) patients had cardiac tamponade during the procedure. Mitral regurgitation appeared or worsened in 2,038 (42%) patients, of which 68 (1.4%) developed severe mitral regurgitation. Urgent mitral valve replacement was carried out in 52 (1.1%) of these patients. Data of 3,500 patients followed over a period of 94 ± 41 months (range, 12–166 months) revealed MVA of 1.7 ± 0.3 cm2. Elective mitral valve replacement was done in 34 (0.97%) patients. Mitral restenosis was seen in 168 (4.8%) patients, of which 133 (3.8%) were having recurrence of class III or more symptoms. Thus, percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy is an effective and safe procedure with gratifying results in high percentage of patients. The benefits are sustained in a majority of these patients on long‐term follow‐up. It should be considered as the treatment of choice in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis of all age groups. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:450–456. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of heparin‐coated stent in early setting of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Shin Eak Kyun , Son Ji Won , Sohn Min Soo , Jin Dong Kyu , Park Gi Soo , Koh Kwang Kon , Ahn Tae Hoon , Choi In Suck 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary stenting has been reported to be superior to balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for recurrent ischemia, target lesion revascularization, and restenosis. However, concerns about early reocclusion or thrombosis after stenting in the very thrombotic environment of acute myocardial infarction still remain. Therefore, postprocedural short‐term heparin or GpIIb/IIIa receptor blockades has been used. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and long‐term efficacy of heparin‐coated stent in the early setting of AMI without postprocedural heparin or GpIIb/IIIa receptor blockade infusion. We studied 102 consecutive patients presenting to cardiac catheterization laboratory ≤ 6 hr from the onset of chest pain. No patients who were implanted with heparin‐coated stents received heparin or GpIIb/IIIa receptor blockade infusion after the procedures, not even patients who showed an angiographically large thrombus burden before stenting. Patients were evaluated for clinical endpoints at 30 days and 6 months. Coronary angiography was required for all patients at 2 weeks and 6 months after the procedure. Angiographic and procedural successes were 100% and 98%, respectively. Two patients (2%) died of heart failure without evidence of reocclusion of stented vessel during the hospitalization and 4 (4%) additional patients died of refractory heart failure within the first 6 months. Major bleeding complication occurred in one patient (1%). Recurrent myocardial infarction developed in one patient at 4 months. Early angiographic follow up at 2 weeks was performed in 88% of all patients, none of whom showed thrombotic stent occlusion. Six‐month angiographic follow‐up was completed in 71%(64/91) of eligible patients and binary restenosis was present in 17.2% of stented vessels. Eight(8%) patients underwent repeat PTCA. Cardiac event‐free survival rate at 6 months was 86.3%. This study demonstrates that heparin‐coated stents are safe in the early setting of acute myocardial infarction and no additional heparin infusion after stenting is necessary, which may reduce bleeding complications. Angiographic restenosis rate compares favorably to the binary restenosis rate from other studies with uncoated stents. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:306–312. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gadolinium‐based coronarography in a patient with renal failure: First clinical report
Authors: Sarkis Antoine , Badaoui Georges , Slaba Samy , Moussalli Aida , Jebara Victor A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article reports the use of gadolinium to perform a coronarography in a patient with renal insufficiency, unstable angina, and peripheral vascular disease. The examination was well tolerated and the images obtained of good quality. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:68–69. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction intervals in linear regression taking into account errors on both axes
Authors: del Río F. Javier , Riu Jordi , Rius F. Xavier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study reports the expressions for the variances in the prediction of the response and predictor variables calculated with the bivariate least squares (BLS) regression technique. This technique takes into account the errors on both axes. Our results are compared with those of a simulation process based on six different real data sets. The mean error in the results from the new expressions is between 4% and 5%. With weighted least squares, ordinary least squares, the constant variance ratio approach and orthogonal regression, on the other hand, mean errors can be as high as 85%, 277%, 637% and 1697% respectively. An important property of the prediction intervals calculated with BLS is that the results are not affected when the axes are switched. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral recognition of binaphthyl derivatives: A chiral recognition model on the basis of chromatography, spectroscopy, and molecular mechanistic calculations for the enantioseparation of 1,1′‐binaphthyl derivatives on cholic acid‐bonded stationary phases
Authors: Vaton‐Chanvrier L. , Oulyadi H. , Combret Y. , Coquerel G. , Combret J.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an effort to elucidate the mechanism of chiral discrimination of cholic acid‐based stationary phases, the enantiomeric recognition ability of six chiral stationary phases (CSPs), prepared from differently substituted cholic acid derivatives, was evaluated in normal phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a series of 1,1′‐binaphthyl compounds. The influence of structural variations of analytes on retention and enantioselectivity was investigated. Particularly high values of enantioselectivity were observed for the binaphthol enantiomers on a CSP prepared from the allyl 7α,12α‐dihydroxy‐3α‐phenylcarbamoyloxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oate. The complexes of this chiral selector with both enantiomers of binaphthol were studied as models for the interactions responsible for the enantioseparation with the cholic acid‐based stationary phases. The 1:1 stoichiometry of the complex in solution was determined by UV titration. The chiral selector dissolved in chloroform exhibited a chiral discrimination for the binaphthol in 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Some aromatic proton and carbon resonances of binaphthol were clearly separated into a pair of peaks due to enantiomers in the presence of the chiral selector. Moreover, on the basis of molecular mechanics calculation, a chiral discrimination model was proposed which nicely explains the relevant chromatographic behavior of the 1,1′‐binaphthyl derivatives. Chirality 13:668–674, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral discrimination by HPLC and CE and antifungal activity of racemic fenticonazole and its enantiomers
Authors: Quaglia M.G. , Donati E. , Desideri N. , Fanali S. , D'auria F.D. , Tecca M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFenticonazole is a chiral antifungal agent, used in therapy as the racemic mixture. The investigation on the chirality of fenticonazole is reported in this study. rac‐Fenticonazole was resolved by HPLC and by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The chiral stationary phase (CSP), used in HPLC, was Daicel OD‐H, a commercial phase, which allowed the separate collection of the two enantiomers. The chiral selectors used for CE were some cyclodextrin derivatives. The analysis time required from CE was about the half the HPLC enantioseparation time. The biological activity of the rac‐mixture and each individual enantiomer was tested against Cryptococcus neoformans and two Aspergillus nidulans strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation showed that the eutomer was the enantiomer chromatographically more retained and had a longer migration time in the electrophoretic enantioseparation. The CD spectrum of the eutomer showed a positive Cotton effect. Chirality 14:449–454, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral separation of pheniramine‐like 3‐phenyl‐3‐heteroarylpropylamines by CE and HPLC methods
Authors: Schuster Andreas , Götte Carsten , Bernhardt Günther , Buschauer Armin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalytical CE and HPLC methods were developed for the chiral separation of halogen‐substituted 3‐phenyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)propylamines 1–4 (1: 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)∼, 2: 3‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)∼, 3: 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)∼, 4: 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)∼), 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐(2‐thiazolyl)propylamine (5), and 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐(1‐benzylimidazol‐2‐yl)propylamine (6), which are building blocks for the preparation of very potent arpromidine‐type histamine H2 receptor agonists. All amines were enantioseparated by CE with resolutions of at least 1.8 using α‐, β‐, or γ‐cyclodextrin (CD) as chiral selectors. With heparin as buffer additive for CE the optical antipodes of 1–4 and 6 were separated with resolutions ≥1.8. On RP‐18 columns the separation of the (+)‐(S)‐acetylmandelic acid amides of racemic 2 (R = 0.9, α = 1.07) and the thioureas prepared by addition of 6 to 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (R = 2.0, α = 1.20) was successful, whereas the diastereomeric ureas prepared from 3 and (+)‐(S)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate could not be resolved. Separation of the diastereomeric isoindoles prepared from 1–5, o‐phthaldialdehyde and 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside was achieved on a RP‐18 phase (R ≥ 0.4, a ≥ 1.02). Direct separation of the enantiomers of 3 and 4 was achieved on a Cyclobond I column (R ≥ 0.9, α ≥ 1.07). α‐ and β‐CD were also useful as mobile phase additives for HPLC (3 and 4: RP‐18 column, β‐CD, R ≥ 0.4, α ≥ 1.03; 3: RP‐18 column, α‐CD: R = 0.5, α = 1.04). Chirality 13:285–293, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steady‐state pharmacokinetics of indobufen enantiomers in patients with obliterative atherosclerosis
Authors: Główka F.K. , Strzelecka D. , Zapalski S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSteady‐state pharmacokinetics of indobufen (INDB) enantiomers administered as racemic INDB (rac‐INDB) tablets and bleeding time were studied in patients. Two‐hundred mg INDB tablets (Ibustrin) were administered twice daily for 7 days to obliterative atherosclerosis patients. Enantiospecific reversed phase (RP) HPLC with UV detection (λ = 275 nm) was used for determination of INDB enantiomers in serum of patients. The ratio AUCR:AUCS equalled 1.7 ± 0.2 as a result of higher (−)‐R‐enantiomer serum levels. The (+)‐S‐enantiomer was more rapidly eliminated (oral clearance, Cl = 1.1 ± 0.3 L/h) than its (−)‐R‐antipode (Cl = 0.7 ± 0.2 L/h). Therefore, the mean steady/state levels of (−)/R/enantiomer (13.5 ± 3.8 mg/L) exceeded those of its (+)‐S‐enantiomer (7.8 ± 1.8 mg/L). Furthermore, half‐life (t1/2) was significantly shorter for (+)‐S‐INDB (t1/2 = 4.5 ± 1.2 h as compared to (−)‐R‐INDB (t1/2 = 7.4 ± 2.4 h). However, no significant differences were observed in the respective Vd values. The bleeding time of patients was not significantly extended. The above pharmacokinetic data provide a rationale for potential future replacement of INDB racemic tablets with tablets of its (+)‐S‐enantiomer. Chirality 13:308–312, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Light chains of mammalian cytoplasmic dynein: identification and characterization of a family of LC8 light chains
Authors: Wilson Matthew J. , Salata Mark W. , Susalka Stephen J. , Pfister K. Kevin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein is a large multisubunit motor protein that moves various cargoes toward the minus ends of microtubules. In addition to the previously identified heavy, intermediate, and light intermediate chains, it has recently been recognized that cytoplasmic dynein also has several light chain subunits with apparent molecular weights between 8–20 kDa. To systematically identify the light chains of purified rat brain cytoplasmic dynein, peptide sequences were obtained from each light chain band resolved by gel electrophoresis. Both members of the tctex1 light chain family, tctex1 and rp3, were identified in a single band. Only one member of the roadblock family, roadblock‐2, was found. Two members of the LC8 family were resolved as separate bands, the previously identified LC8 subunit, and a second novel cytoplasmic dynein family member, LC8b. The tissue distribution of these two dynein LC8 subunits differed, although LC8b was the major family member in brain. Database searches found that both LC8a and LC8b were also present in several mammalian species, and a third mammalian LC8 sequence, LC8c was found in the human database. The amino acid sequences of both LC8a and LC8b were completely conserved in mammals. LC8a and LC8b differ in only six of the 89 amino acids. The amino acid differences between LC8a and LC8b were located near the N‐terminus of the molecules, and most were in the outward facing α‐helices of the LC8 dimer. When the mammalian LC8a sequence was compared to the LC8 sequences found in six other animal species including Xenopus and Drosophila, there was, on average, 94% sequence identity. More variation was found in LC8 sequences obtained from plants, fungi, and parasites. LC8c differed from the other two human LC8 sequences in that it has amino acid substitutions in the intermediate chain binding domain at the C‐terminal of the molecule. The position of amino acid substitutions of the three mammalian LC8 family members is consistent with the hypothesis that they bind to different proteins. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:229–240, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finite‐difference time‐domain‐based studies of MRI pulsed field gradient‐induced eddy currents inside the human body
Authors: Liu Feng , Crozier Stuart , Zhao Huawei , Lawrence Ben 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patients are exposed to strong, rapidly switching magnetic gradient fields that, in extreme cases, may be able to elicit nerve stimulation. This paper presents theoretical investigations into the spatial distribution of induced current inside human tissues caused by pulsed z‐gradient fields. A variety of gradient waveforms have been studied. The simulations are based on a new, high‐definition, finite‐difference time‐domain method and a realistic inhomogeneous 10‐mm resolution human body model with appropriate tissue parameters. It was found that the eddy current densities are affected not only by the pulse sequences but by many parameters such as the position of the body inside the gradient set, the local biological material properties and the geometry of the body. The discussion contains a comparison of these results with previous results found in the literature. This study and the new methods presented herein will help to further investigate the biological effects caused by the switched gradient fields in a MRI scan. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 26–36, 2002.
A detunable elliptic transmission line resonator for body imaging at 3 Tesla
Authors: Ledden Patrick J. , Wald Lawrence L. , Hinton Denise P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate and characterize a large‐volume radiofrequency (RF) coil insert used to perform human torso magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. The coil is a transmission line resonator of elliptic cross‐section that can be actively detuned for operation with localized receive‐only surface coils. The coil fits within the 55 cm inner bore liner of a 3 T whole body imager and accommodates small‐ to medium‐sized torsos. Sixteen flat transmission line elements are used; each is 32 cm in length and composed of multiple microstrip capacitors spaced equally inside the elliptic shield (52 cm and 40 cm major and minor axes, respectively). A four‐port electrical drive was used to improve B1 homogeneity and power efficiency. The power required for a 90° 2 ms single side‐lobe sinc pulse for the chest loaded coil was less than 2 kW. Active detuning for operation with receive‐only surface coils was achieved by placement of a low‐voltage PIN diode network on each individual transmission line element. A quadrature pair of 10 × 15 cm2 rectangular surface coils with active detuning traps was used for high spatial resolution cardiac and spine imaging. Since the coil is completely portable, any anatomical region of interest may be centered within the active volume. The head loaded coil required less power and enabled the use of standard 180° pulses well within specific absorption rate limits. Occipital lobe images using a receive‐only quadrature 8 cm loop surface coil pair are also presented. As the number of high‐field whole body systems increases, an RF coil insert optimized for the torso provides an economical and efficient strategy for extending the capabilities of these systems beyond neuroimaging. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 92–100, 2002.