bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromelysin‐3 is expressed by aggressive meningiomas
Authors: Perret Anne Gentil , Duthel Robert , Fotso Marie‐Jeanette , Brunon Jacques , Mosnier Jean‐François 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDStromelysin‐3 (ST3) that belongs to the metalloproteinase family is proposed to play a role in tumor invasion. The purpose of this work was to study the variation of ST3 expression in meningiomas.METHODSTwenty atypical meningiomas were retrieved from the Pathology Department's files at Hopital de Bellevue, Saint‐Etienne, France. They were compared with 20 benign meningiomas randomly selected from the same file. The tumors were classified using standard histologic criteria. Frozen sections of the tumors were immunostained for ST3 and MIB‐1 to evaluate the proliferative activity of tumor cells.RESULTSThe study included 5 fibrous meningiomas, 10 transitional meningiomas, 20 syncitial meningiomas, 2 secretory meningiomas, 2 microcystic meningiomas, and 1 angiomatous meningioma. Stromelysin‐3 was expressed within the stromal and neoplastic cells of only 1 benign meningioma and 13 atypical meningiomas. The MIB‐1 proliferation index was significantly higher in the meningiomas expressing ST3 (Student t test: P < 0.001). The invasion of bone, muscle, and brain by meningiomas as well the recurrence were statistically correlated with their ST3 expression (Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric correlation test, P = 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively).CONCLUSIONSStromelysin‐3 might play an important role in the invasiveness of meningiomas. Therefore, considering, ST3 in association with evaluation of the MIB‐1 proliferating index may be an useful tool to assess the behavior of meningiomas. Cancer 2002;94:765–72. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10270
Association of the −160 C → a promoter polymorphism of E‐cadherin gene with gastric carcinoma risk
Authors: Wu Ming‐Shiang , Huang Shih‐Pei , Chang Yu‐Ting , Lin Ming‐Tsan , Shun Chia‐Tung , Chang Ming‐Chu , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Chen Chien‐Jen , Lin Jaw‐Town 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA −160 C → A polymorphism in the promoter region of E‐cadherin has been shown to decrease gene transcription. This allelic variation might be a potential genetic marker for identifying individuals at risk for cancer. There remains no report regarding the polymorphism of E‐cadherin in gastric carcinoma (GC).METHODSA hospital‐based case–control study, including 201 GC cases and 196 unaffected controls, was performed. DNA from peripheral blood samples was examined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Logistic regression analyses were used to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusted for Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, and other relevant factors.RESULTSIn 196 healthy Taiwanese, the distribution of genotype C/C was 42.3%, C/A was 48.0%, and A/A was 9.7%. The frequency of variant A/A genotype in GC case (4 of 201, 2%) was significantly lower than that of controls (19 of 196, 9.7%) (P < 0.005), conferring a 5‐fold decrease in the risk of GC (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06–0.56) compared with the C/C genotype. Stratification of the GC cases according to their location (cardia and noncardia), histology (intestinal and diffuse), tumor stage (early and advanced), and lymph node metastasis (positive and negative) failed to reveal any heterogeneity with respect to E‐cadherin genotype.CONCLUSIONSThe authors' data suggest that individuals with E‐cadherin −160 A/A genotype have a decreased risk of GC. Further work is mandatory to clarify the functional relevance of the A allele in vivo and to confirm the inverse association of the A/A genotype with GC in large epidemiologic studies. Cancer 2002;94:1443–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10371
High incidence of thyroid dysfunction despite prophylaxis with potassium iodide during 131I‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine treatment in children with neuroblastoma
Authors: van Santen Hanneke M. , de Kraker Jan , van Eck Berthe L. F. , de Vijlder Jan J. M. , Vulsma Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatment modalities like targeted radiotherapy with 131I‐meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) improve survival rates after neuroblastoma (NB). Radiation to the thyroid gland can lead to hypothyroidism and even malignancy. Because hypothyroidism after 131I‐MIBG treatment was reported, the current KI prophylaxis against thyroidal radiation damage was evaluated.METHODSThe incidence, pathogenesis, and consequences of thyroid dysfunction among 42 NB patients treated with 131I‐MIBG were evaluated retrospectively. Efficacy of KI prophylaxis was established by measuring thyroidal radioiodide uptake. Thyroid damage was expressed as thyrotropin elevation (TE, plasma concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone ≥ 4.5 mU/L).RESULTSThe mean followup was 2.3 years ( range, 0.1‐8.5). The mean number of treatments with 131I‐MIBG was 3.3. Of 428 scintigrams, uptake of 131I in the thyroid was visible in 92 (21.0%). Twenty two patients (52.4 %) presented TE after a mean period of 1.4 years (range, 0.1–5.8). Clinical signs of hypothyroidism were not observed. Eight patients received suppletion therapy with thyroxine. Thyrotropin elevation was transient in four patients. Of 25 survivors, with a mean followup of 3.5 years, 16 (64%) developed TE. No correlation was found between TE and thyroid visualization after 131I‐MIBG administration or the number of treatments. No abnormalities were seen by ultrasound imaging of the thyroid.CONCLUSIONSOccurrence of thyroid dysfunction after treatment with 131I‐MIBG for NB is high, in spite of KI prophylaxis. Close followup of thyroid function and structure is required in patients treated with 131I‐MIBG. New ways of protecting the thyroid during exposure to radioiodine should be developed. Cancer 2002;94:2081–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10447
Breast ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion
Authors: de Mascarel Isabelle , MacGrogan Gaëtan , Mathoulin‐Pélissier Simone , Soubeyran Isabelle , Picot Véronique , Coindre Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe significance of microinvasion is still debated and clinical management is controversial. The authors defined ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS‐MI) as DCIS with infiltration of the periductal stroma by a few tumor cells, singly (type 1) or in clusters (type 2). With this definition, the authors attempted to evaluate the clinical significance of microinvasion.METHODSThe authors compared the clinical, pathologic features, and survival (median follow‐up, 7.3 years) of 1248 patients with, respectively, DCIS (722 patients), DCIS‐MI with microinvasion type 1 and type 2 (243 patients), and invasive ductal carcinoma in situ with a predominant DCIS component greater than or equal to 80% of the tumor (IDC‐DCIS, 283 patients).RESULTSMicroinvasion was associated with DCIS histologic type, grade, and extent (respectively, P < 10−8, P < 10−3, P < 10−4). Axillary lymph node metastases were observed in a few patients with DCIS and DCIS‐MI type 1 (respectively, 1.4% and none), in 10.1% with DCIS‐MI type 2 and in 27.6% with IDC‐DCIS. Metastasis free and overall survival probabilities were significantly different between three groups in the following order from best to worst prognosis: 1) the group comprising DCIS and DCIS‐MI type 1, 2) the DCIS‐MI type 2 group, and 3) the IDC‐DCIS group.CONCLUSIONSThe authors' results suggest there are two types of DCIS‐MI: 1) type 1 that behaves like DCIS and should be managed as such; 2) type 2 that is less pejorative than IDC‐DCIS but is more so than type 1. Cancer 2002;94:2134–42. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10451
The economic burden of prostate cancer, California, 1998
Authors: Max Wendy , Rice Dorothy P. , Sung Hai‐Yen , Michel Martha , Breuer Wendy , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed among men in the United States. This article reviews previous studies of the annual cost of all cancers and of prostate cancer in the United States and California and estimates the direct and indirect costs of prostate cancer in California in 1998.METHODSHospitalization costs, including costs of primary and secondary diagnoses of prostate cancer, were derived from the California Hospital Discharge data set (CHDS). Charges were converted to costs using hospital specific cost‐to‐charge ratios and an imputed cost for Health Maintenance Organization hospitalizations. Other direct medical costs were derived from the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Indirect mortality costs are the product of the number of deaths and the expected value of a male's future earnings taking into account age at death, earning patterns at successive ages, labor force participation, imputed value of housekeeping services, and a 3% discount rate.RESULTSProstate cancer direct health care costs in California were estimated at $180 million, and lost productivity from premature death was estimated at $180 million, for a total cost of $360 million in 1998. The disease is largely one of older men; hospitalization costs account for three‐fifths of total direct costs, and Medicare and private health insurance share almost equally in paying for hospital care.CONCLUSIONSIt is critical to identify cost‐effective screening efforts that permit early detection of prostate cancer to reduce illness, premature deaths, and the high costs of prostate cancer. Cancer 2002;94:2906–13. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10532
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder warrants resection only if curative resection is feasible
Authors: Oohashi Yasuhiro , Shirai Yoshio , Wakai Toshifumi , Nagakura Shigenori , Watanabe Hidenobu , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder generally has been considered a lethal disease. The objective of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of resection for patients with adenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder.METHODSTwenty‐nine patients who underwent resection for either adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 28 patients) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1 patient) were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent radical resection, whereas the other patients underwent primary tumor resection alone. To elucidate the factors that influenced postresectional survival, 10 variables (age, gender, presence or absence of gallstones, size of the primary tumor, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, perineural invasion, TNM stage, residual tumor status, and type of resection) were examined.RESULTSTwenty‐three patients (79.3%) were categorized with T3 or T4 tumors that invaded adjacent organs. The outcome after undergoing radical resection (cumulative 5‐year survival rate, 48.6%) was significantly better compared with the outcome of patients after undergoing primary tumor resection alone (cumulative 3‐year survival rate, 7.7%; P = 0.004). The outcome after undergoing resection was better in 14 patients who had no residual tumor (cumulative 5‐year survival rate, 62.9%) compared with the outcome in 15 patients who had residual tumor (cumulative 5‐year survival rate, 0%; P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that residual tumor status (P < 0.001), type of resection (P = 0.004), patient age (P = 0.012), and blood vessel invasion (P = 0.017) were significant prognostic factors. Residual tumor status (P = 0.026) was the only significant independent prognostic factor.CONCLUSIONSAdenosquamous/squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder warrants resection only if potentially curative (R0) resection is feasible. Cancer 2002;94:3000–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10578
Hooded sensilla homologues: Structural variations of a widely distributed bimodal chemomechanosensillum
Authors: Cate Holly S. , Derby Charles D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA diversity of sensilla has been described in crustaceans, both across species and within a given species. However, few homologous setal types have been identified in crustaceans. In this study we examined setae with features of the hooded sensillum, which is a class of bimodal chemomechanosensilla first identified on antennules of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus. We examined the antennules of 13 species representing seven families of malacostracan crustaceans, and most body surfaces of P. argus, and compared the sensillar morphology from different species and from different body regions to identify interspecific and intraspecific homologues of hooded sensilla. Our results show that sensilla with morphological characteristics of antennular hooded sensilla are present and have a similar pattern of distribution on the antennules of reptantian species representing three families (Palinuridae and Scyllaridae of the Achelata and Nephropidae of the Homarida). Furthermore, hooded sensillar homologues are present on most body surfaces of P. argus. However, there are intraspecific and interspecific variations in the morphology of these sensilla. We present evidence that supports the idea that postembryonic changes in individual sensilla may be responsible for some of these morphological variations. Despite these variations, we conclude that the sensilla are homologues, because they have several common characteristics, similar positions on the body surface, similar substructures, a continuum to their morphological variations, and morphological variation that is correlated with phylogenetic similarity. Taken together these results support the idea that the hooded sensillum is a singular and biologically important sensillar type that has a broad distribution. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:345–357, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projection patterns of commissural interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat
Authors: Stokke Mathis Frøshaug , Nissen Ulla Vig , Glover Joel C. , Kiehn Ole 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have studied the axonal projection patterns of commissural interneurons (CINs) in the neonatal rat spinal cord. Some CINs are integral components of the neuronal networks in the vertebrate spinal cord that generate locomotor activity. By using differential retrograde labeling protocols with fluorescent dextran amines, we show that CINs with ascending axons (ascending CINs, or aCINs) and CINs with descending axons (descending CINs, or dCINs) constitute largely different populations. We show that aCINs and dCINs occupy partially overlapping domains in the transverse plane. The aCINs are located at the dorsal margin, within the dorsal horn, centrally within the intermediate zone, and in the medial region of the ventral horn, whereas the dCINs are located predominantly among the ventral and central aCINs and in smaller numbers within the dorsal horn. The labeled aCINs and dCINs project for at least one and a half segment rostrally or caudally and are present in roughly equal numbers. We also demonstrate the presence of a third, smaller population of CINs whose axons bifurcate to project for at least one and a half segment both rostrally and caudally (adCINs). The adCINs are located predominantly among the central and ventral groups of aCINs and dCINs. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of CINs with axons projecting for fewer than one and a half segment in either direction. These “short‐range CINs” are intermingled with the aCINs, dCINs, and adCINs. Our results provide an anatomical framework for further electrophysiological studies aimed at identifying the CINs that participate in the mammalian locomotor central pattern generator. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:349–359, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Central administration of neuropeptide FF (NPFF) causes increased neuronal activation and up‐regulation of NPFF gene expression in the rat brainstem
Authors: Jhamandas Jack H. , Mactavish David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a morphine modulatory peptide that plays an important role in a wide variety of physiological functions, including those related to nociception and central autonomic regulation. NPFF fibers and cells have been shown to be discretely localized in key autonomic centers within the brain, including the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Central applications of NPFF evoke a number of important biological effects through activation of central neuronal circuits whose identities remain unknown at present. NPFF administered in this manner may also be capable of up‐ or down‐regulating its own gene expression. In this study, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NPFF on the activation and the gene expression of NPFF in NTS neurons. Conscious rats received saline or NPFF (8 or 10 μg i.c.v.), with concomitant monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Brains were prepared for Fos immunohistochemistry to identify neuronal activation and NPFF in situ hybridization to determine cells expressing NPFF mRNA in the NTS. At a dose of 8 μg, i.c.v., NPFF did not evoke alterations in blood pressure, but, at 10 μg, there was an increase in arterial blood pressure of 30–40 mmHg. Image analysis showed a dose‐dependent increase in number of NPFF neurons that were activated in rats receiving i.c.v. NPFF compared with saline controls. NPFF gene expression in the NTS showed a similar dose‐dependent increase following i.c.v. administration of either 8 or 10 μg of NPFF. Significantly greater numbers of activated neurons expressing the NPFF gene (double labeled) were observed in the NTS at the level of the area postrema in animals receiving i.c.v. NPFF compared with saline controls. These data indicate that centrally administered NPFF is capable of up‐regulating its own gene expression in the NTS and that this effect appears in part to be independent of elevations in arterial blood pressure that this peptide can evoke when administered i.c.v. at the higher dose. The up‐regulation of NPFF may play a homeostatic role in response to specific cardiovascular challenges, such as hypotension. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:300–307, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of GABABR1 and GABABR2 receptor immunoreactivity in neurochemically identified neurons of the rat neostriatum
Authors: Ng Tony K.Y. , Yung Ken K.L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the neostriatum. Functions of GABA are known to mediate GABAA and GABAB receptors. A functional GABAB receptor is known to compose of heteromeric subunits, namely the GABABR1 and GABABR2 subunits. Our previous report (Yung et al. [1999] Brain Res. 830:345–352) has demonstrated that all major subpopulations of striatal neurons express GABABR1 immunoreactivity. The cellular localization of the second subunit of GABAB receptor protein, i.e., GABABR2 immunoreactivity, in the rat neostriatum is not yet known. By using a new commercially available specific antibody against GABABR2, immunofluorescence was performed to investigate the cellular expression of GABABR2 in neurochemically identified subpopulations of neurons in the rat neostriatum. Immunoreactivity for GABABR2 was primarily found in the neuropil of the rat neostriatum. Double labeling revealed that those perikarya that expressed immunoreactivity for parvalbumin, choline acetyltransferase, nitric oxide synthase, glutamate receptor two, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor one, or GABAAα1 receptor, respectively, did not express GABABR2 immunoreactivity. In addition, perikarya and most of the neuropilar elements in the neostriatum that expressed glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactivity were found to be GABABR2‐negative. In contrast, immunoreactivity for GABABR1 was found to be expressed by all of the above neuronal subpopulations. Moreover, a vast number of SV2‐immunoreactive profiles and a number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive profiles in the neuropil of the neostriatum were found to display GABABR2 immunoreactivity. The present results indicate that there is a differential expression of GABABR2 and GABABR1 immunoreactivity in different subpopulations of striatal neurons that are identified by their specific neurochemical markers. Immunoreactivity for GABABR2 is likely to localize in neuropilar elements of the neostriatum that may belong to non‐GABAergic elements. These findings provide anatomical evidence of GABABR2 receptor localization in the neostriatum that may have an important functional implication of the GABAB‐mediated functions in neurons of the neostriatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:458–470, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
As the gut ages: Timetables for aging of innervation vary by organ in the Fischer 344 rat
Authors: Phillips Robert J. , Powley Terry L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo explore the effects of aging on the vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, male Fischer 344 rats at 3 and 24 months of age were injected in the left nodose ganglion with 3 μl of either 4% wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (to label sensory endings) or 1% cholera toxin subunit B‐horseradish peroxidase (to label motor endings). The stomach and duodenum were prepared as wholemounts and processed with tetramethyl benzidine. In addition, to study age‐related changes in the myenteric plexus, the stomachs, small intestines, and large intestines from 3‐, 12‐, 21‐, 24‐ and 27‐month‐old rats were prepared as wholemounts and processed with Cuprolinic Blue (to stain the neurons). Vagal afferent endings, motor terminal profiles, and myenteric neurons were counted and mapped with a sampling grid. In the stomach, both the vagal and myenteric innervation were stable between the ages of 3 and 24 months; however, a decrease in the number of myenteric neurons in the forestomach was noted at 27 months. In the small and large intestines, myenteric cell loss occurred by 12 months of age, progressed with age, and appeared to be governed by several general principles: (1) the rate of cell loss was organ‐specific, with a gradient of increasing severity from proximal to distal in the gut; (2) within organs of the GI tract, the rate of cell loss differed between regions; and (3) for given regions, cell losses progressed linearly with increasing age. The findings suggest that a positive relationship exists between the density of vagal extrinsic innervation and myenteric neuron survival; however, whether this results from the vagal innervation and/or other factor(s) protecting or rescuing myenteric neurons from age‐related attrition remains to be determined. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:358–377, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On learning of Sigmoid Neural Networks
Authors: Najarian Kayvan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning theory creates a framework to assess the learning properties of static models for which the data are assumed to be independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.). One important family of dynamic models to which the conventional PAC learning can not be applied is nonlinear Finite Impulse Response (FIR) models. The present article, using an extension of PAC learning that covers learning with m‐dependent data, the learning properties of FIR modeling with sigmoid neural networks are evaluated. These results include upper bounds on the size of the data set required to train FIR sigmoid neural networks, provided that the input data are uniformly distributed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.