bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AULAS E PROFESSORES(AS) DO ENSINO RELIGIOSO NO TEMPO PRESENTE:
Authors: Ferreira Lima e Silva Joselma , De Sousa Carvalho Monte Maria Bernadete 
Published: January 2024

Conforme a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), o Ensino Religioso (ER) é equiparado às outras áreas do conhecimento e visa a uma formação mínima e es-
pecífica em Licenciatura em Ciências das Religiões. Nessa direção, objetiva-se iden-
tificar as perspectivas do Ministério da Educação (MEC) sobre o respeito à diversi-
dade cultural e religiosa brasileira no contexto do ER na sala de aula, destacando-se a formação e atuação dos professores para o Componente Curricular. O trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa narrativa, de abordagem qualitativa. Os colaboradores foram professores(as) que atuam no Ensino Fundamental. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de uma formação dialógica que se estabeleça na prática docente para a autonomia dos alunos na construção do conhecimento do fenômeno religioso e do protagonismo juvenil. As narrativas apontam ser preciso superar a visão in-
gênua sobre o ER, estar aberto ao diálogo e fomentar o respeito. Para a admissão dos docentes, faz-se mister sua formação em Ciências das Religiões, podendo atuar como pesquisador e assessor em espaços não formais de ensino, público e privado, nas organizações não governamentais e entidades confessionais.
Trexit: A “Clean” Withdrawal from Transrectal Prostate Biopsies – Prospective Results of In-office Freehand Transperineal Biopsies Under Local Anaesthesia
Authors: Bilé Silva Andreia , Dinis Paulo Jorge , Portugal Gaspar Frederico , Rodrigues Fonseca Rita , Santos José Carlos 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Prostate biopsy (PB) may be performed by either the transrectal (TR) or transperineal (TP) approach. Cancer detection rates seem to be comparable between the two approaches. However, evidence suggests a reduced infection risk and a higher detection of tumours localised in the anterior zone of the prostate with the TP route. TP-PB is currently recommended as a first-line procedure for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) whenever available.
We sought to report the initial results of in-office freehand TP-PB under local anaesthesia in the outpatient setting.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study with consecutive sampling with data from men submitted to TP-PB from Sep/2019 to Sep/2021, in a tertiary care centre. A questionnaire was carried out to appraise the pain related to the procedure on a pain numerical rating scale from 0 to 10.
Presenting PSA, biopsy result and characteristics and complications that motivated a visit to the emergency department–ED – until 1 month after the PB were analysed.
Antibiotic (AB) prophylaxis was not provided to any of the patients undergoing TP-PB.
TP-PB was performed under local anaesthesia by freehand method.

Results: A hundred and eight (108) patients underwent TP-PB. The mean age was 66±9 years old.
The median presenting PSA was comparable in patients with positive and negative PB results (7.7 ng/mL, p=0.11).
Overall, 67/108 (62%) patients had PCa diagnosed. Clinically significant (cs) PCa (ISUP=2) was diagnosed in 42/67 (63%) patients.
The TP approach allowed the diagnosis of anterior zone PCa in 61% (41/67) of the patients (anterior zone csPCa in 63% of these), 7% (5/67) had exclusively anterior zone pathological findings. Complications leading to an ED visit were recorded in only one patient.
Patients reported only mild levels of discomfort related to the anaesthesia infiltration (3±3) and to the introduction of the US transducer (3±3). Globally, the patients ascribed a pain of 3±3 to the entire procedure.

Conclusion: Freehand TP-PB under local anaesthesia, without AB prophylaxis, is a well-tolerated and safe procedure, feasible as an outpatient procedure.
TP-PB provides an easy access to the anterior zone of the prostate allowing for the diagnosis of previously missed PCa.
Fadiga na amamentação em mães em atividade ocupacional durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Carvalho Crislaine Souza Bernardino , César Carla Patrícia Henandez Alves Ribeiro , Nicolino Rafael Romero , Granzotti Raphaela Barroso Guedes , Zuanetti Patrícia Aparecida , Campos Samara Kauany Rodrigues , Lima Lorena Maria Santana , Silva Kelly Da 
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Verificar os fatores preditores para a fadiga materna na amamentação em mães com atividades ocupacionais na pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: A amostra foi selecionada pela estratégia bola de neve. Composta por lactantes em atividade ocupacional que responderam questionários para obtenção de informações de dados pessoais, sociodemográficos, obstétricos e pós-natal. A fadiga foi mensurada pela Escala de Severidade da Fadiga. Resultados: Participaram 66 lactantes, com mediana de 33 anos, a maioria com alta escolaridade, renda familiar acima de três salários-mínimos, perderam a ajuda com o bebê por receio da contaminação pela COVID-19, foram submetidas à parto cesáreo, sem intercorrência no período pós-parto, não ofertaram mamadeira e sem intercorrências durante a amamentação, não tinham experiência prévia com amamentação foram orientadas, durante o pré-natal, sobre a importância da amamentação. Conclusão: Embora muitas varáveis contribuam para a intensidade da fadiga materna, neste estudo, idade materna, idade do bebê em meses, número de moradores na casa, número de filhos, número de gestações, impedimento para a amamentação após o nascimento do bebê, renda familiar, a falta de ajuda por medo do contágio, ajuda com o bebê, retorno ao trabalho, intercorrências no pós-parto, foram os fatores que mais contribuíram para o aumento da fadiga na amamentação.
Curing of plasmid contents of Proteus spp. isolated from urinary tract infections in AL- Diwaniyah city
Authors: H. AL-.Hamadan Adnan , N. Hussein Azhar , A. AL-Nashaa Ali 
Published: January 2024

This study included isolation and identification of Proteus spp . from urinary tract infections of Gynecology and padiatrics Hospital teaching in Diwaniyah cityand investigated the virulence factors connected with pathogenicity of this bacteria. It aims also at curing of plasmid contact by means of using some chemical materials. The bacteria Proteus spp. Isolates formed 16% which belong P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris from bacterial causes of urinary tract infection in children. The isolates of this bacteria has some physiological characteristics which represent virulence factors related to the ability of bacteria to make infection . It seems that 80% from these isolates were capable to Haemagglutination of RBCs . These isolates produce also Haemolysine enzyme. It was found that percentage of production was 60% . As for Blactamase enzyme production 40% of these bacteria isolates showed ability to produce his enzyme. Moreover, only 20% from Proteus isolates showed ability to produce bacteriocin production. All these isolates were not able to produce capsule production. When testing the resistance of Proteus isolates toward 8 different commonly used antibiotics in treatment of urinary tract infection, results showed that the isolates have different resistance depending on the type of antibiotic and the strain of the isolates. All these isolates were completely resistance Nitrofurantion in 100% while the least resistance toward Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin reached 20% for both. The results showed that there were DNA plasmid in 3 bacteria isolates but there was no relationship between the plasmid bands and resistance toward antibiotics. The P. mirabilis isolate which contained 4 plasmid bands was treated with SDS and Ethidiun bromide in an attempt to curing plasmid bands. The result showed that this isolate lost the ability to produce the majority of virulence factors that caused this disease and lost its resistance for som antibiotics especially Nalidix acid , Ampicillin and Choramphenicol. The ethidium bromide was the most effective in curing process since the resultant strain aest all plasmid bands.
The modifiable risk factors of hypertension in youths
Authors: Dh. Mehdi Al-Zubaidi Riyadh 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To verify the modifiable cause(s) of hypertension in youths.Method: It is a prospective observational study, it was done in out patient private clinic in Kerbala city during the period between May 2004 and October 2006 .three hundred and fifty persons were included, the ages of all persons ranged between 20 and 35years, but 236 were hypertensive and 114 were normotensive.The main parameters that were studied included; body mass index (BMI) ,total serum cholesterol and smoking.
Results: All the hypertensive patients belong to families with history of hypertension, 80.5% of them were hypercholestremic,64.4% were obese and 53.8% were smoker. On the other side, only 21% of the persons of the normotensive group belonged to families with hypertension , none of them were obese, but 7.9% were hypercholestremic and 13.1% were smoker.Conclusion: hypercholestremia,obesity and smoking are a modifiable causes of hypertension in youth. Early recognition, education and treatment of hypercholestremia plus weight reduction and cessation of smoking may prevent or reduce the severity of hypertension and hence its hazardous complication later on.
Delayed Arrival of Stroke patients to the Hospital
Authors: K. Al- Ubaidy Kfah 
Published: January 2024

Background: Although recent advances have been made in the treatment of acute stroke, patients often arrive at the hospital too late to receive the maximum benefit from these new therapies. Objective: To investigate factors that influence the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival (delay time) for patients with stroke. .Methods: Prospective observational study by recording the patient's characteristics, final diagnosis, and admission delay for all suspected acute stroke admitted patients within 3 days of onset.Results: 246 stroke patients were studied at Al-Dewania teaching hospital, the median age of the patients was 63 years, 125 were male. The median delay time was 11.6 hours, 6.1% of patients arrived within 3 hours, 18.3% were arrived within 6 hours., Middle age ,male , first stroke ,mild neurological deficit, living in rural areas ,abscess of ambulance transport and low medical public knowledge of stroke significantly delay time of presentation to the hospital.Conclusion: Increase public awareness of stroke symptoms and the need to seek early medical attention with direct transport to the hospital better by ambulance will be required for effective treatment of acute stroke.
The Effect of Methyl dopa on serum lipid profile in rat.
Authors: Mohammed Abbass AL-Hussueni Laith 
Published: January 2024

Evidence liking hypertension and dyslipidemia are very important in deciding which antihypertensive drug is going to be describe to hypertensive patient who had or at risk to had dyslipidemia. Antihypertensive drugs which have neutral effect or preferably beneficial effect on lipid profile are the first choice in those patients. Drugs with harmful effect on serum lipid profile may add another problem to the patient and increase the risk of complications.
Purpose:This study is carried on to evaluate the effect of methyl dopa on serum lipid profile.Methods:Twenty rats enrolled in the experiment given atherogenic diet for twelve weeks then randomly divided into two groups, first group received 33 mg /Kg /day P. O Methyl dopa dissolved in 2 ml distilled water given by nasogastric tube twice daily and serve as central group. The treatment continues with atherogenic diet for another twelve weeks. The serum lipid profile namely triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) HDL-cholesterol (high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL-cholesterol / total cholesterol ratio were estimated before and after the treatment. The statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with level of significance P<0.05.Result:Methyl dopa was found to have no effect on serum triglyceride level and on total cholesterol serum level but it causes significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol serum level and significant increase in HDL- cholesterol serum level in comparison to control group.Conclusion:Methyl dopa has beneficial effect on serum lipid profile as it causes decrease in LDL-cholesterol level which is the atherogenic portion of cholesterol and causes increase in HDL-cholesterol level which is the protective portion of cholesterol. This effect justify it's use in patients who have or at risk to have dyslipidemia.
The frequency of death among hospitalized neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in ALDIWANAH maternity and children teaching hospital from (2005-2007)
Authors: K.kalaf Deia 
Published: January 2024

Assessment the frequency of death among hospitalized neonates with HMD in AL-DIWANAH, maternity and children teaching hospital, and to analyze risk factors associated with poor outcome.Patients and methods: all the neonates with HMD who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and expired, during a period of three years ( 2005 -2007 ),the patients were divided according to different parameters (sex, B,W, gestational age, mode of delivery, days of death, cause of death,) A total live births of 25463, and a total of 356 case of HMD were admitted during the period of the study, and 112 neonate were died with a frequency of 30%.,with sex ratio of male to female (1.4:1 ) respectively, and most of death was due to apnea in 87%, so the causes of death and risk factors for death were presented and compared with results of other studies in other parts of the world. Major risk factor associated with HMD in the city were apnea, prenatal diagnosis facilities are not available, but post natal diagnosis depend mainly on clinical picture as no lab- test available in regard to L/S ratio by chromatography or shake test for amniotic fluid to assess maturity can be performed, mortality can be reduced by improving the ante-natal, obstetric, post-natal care levels.
Risk factors survey of low birth weight neonates
Authors: M.AL.Marzoki Jasim , K. Gatea Shaker , Ganem Zaher 
Published: January 2024

Background: Neonatal mortality rate is one of the main health problems which affected by prenatal status and perinatal conditions. LBW is one of the main causes of neonatal and infantile mortality. Approximately every ten seconds, an infant from a developing country dies from a disease or infection that can be attributed to low birth weight, so this study was done to evaluate the risk factors of LBW in neonate.Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was done on 1023 neonates, born in Babylon Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital from September 2007 to April 2008 .Neonatal data such as birth weight, gender, gestational age, and maternal data including maternal age, birth interval, history of abortion, antenatal care, parity, level of education, systemic disease, genitourinary infection, smoking, type of delivery, socioeconomic state, residence and maternal weight and height, were reported in this study.
Results: The study reveals that, 14% of neonates were LBW, were female/male ratio 1:0.6. The lower (maternal weight and height, gestational age, economic state and level of education) were associated with more LBW neonates. Also rural residence, irregular antenatal care, GUT infection, C/S delivery or having underling systemic diseases were at risk to get LBW neonates, while maternal age, birth interval and history of abortion found no effect on birth weight.Conclusions: the results revealed a correlation between LBW in neonates with gestational age, maternal weight and height, and systemic diseases of the mothers. Also there was a correlation with the gender of baby, residence, level of education, socioeconomic state, GUT infection, parity and type of delivery.
Using PCR Technque In Comparison With Other Tests In The Diagnosis Of Pulmonary TB Associated With Mycotic Infections In AL-Qadisiya Province.
Authors: H. AL-Hamadani Adnan , K. AL-Mousawi Jaafar , M.Al-Taee Orass 
Published: January 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem world wide. It is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world and is responsible for more than 3 million deaths and 8 million new cases annually.The report of World Health Organization (WHO) estimated, for the year 2002 a global incidence of 8.8 million new cases, including 3.9 million smear-positivesubjects.Aim of the study: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of available rapid diagnostic tests to identify TB infection. The main goal of this study was to use the PCR technique for the rapid detection of tuberculosis using sputum sampling and body fluid specimens other than respiratory secretions.Methods: During the period from December 2006 to May 2007, A total of 50 samples (sputum) were selected from 250 outpatients.The study regard's the culture of sputum as the gold standard test to other methods.Results:All of the examined patients with TB, the cause was M. tuberculosis.Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the suspected patients revealed that 30 patients were suffering from PMIs , 15 of them had mixed infection.Twenty patients appeared to have pulmonary tuberculosis without mycotic infection. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Accuracy rate of PCR test were (94.2 %, 100%, 100%, 88.2% and 96 %), respectively.Conclusions: The AFB stain was easy but not sufficient to diagnosis the pulmonary TB alone, whereas the use of LÃ–wenstein-Jensen medium sensitive enough for diagnosis of pulmonary TB, but need along time to get the results. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test gave a high sensitivity and specificity in comparison with other done test, with its advantages of greater speed and effectiveness than conventional detection methods. It was successfully to identify the M. tuberculosis, particularly when the staining for acid- fast bacilli is negative and there was a lack of growth on culture or when fresh material has not been collected for culture.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with gallstone disease
Authors: H. Zaini Hassan , M. Zwain Kussay 
Published: January 2024

Back ground:Earlier, the studies had been shown an increased prevalence of previously diagnosed hypothyroidism in gallstone patient and a delayed emptying of the biliary tract in hypothyroidism, explained partly by the missing prorelaxing effect of thyroxine on the sphincter of oddi contractility . failure and disturbances of lipid metabolism that may consecutively lead to change of the composition of the bile and motility of biliary tract.
Aim:To show the prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism in patients with gallstones .Patient and method:A cross sectional study was done in Al-Sader Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf city between 15th of February 2008 and 1st of November 2009 of 225 cases were taken to show relation between gallstone and hypothyroidism. For every patient with diagnosed gallstone, full history and clinical examination was taken and sent for ultrasound of neck for goitre detection and laboratory blood test for T3, T4 and TSH.Results:Out of 225 patients with gallstone 198 (88%) were females and 27 (12%) males. Thyroid disorder in form of hypothyroidism was found in 24 (10.6%), (from this percentage 22 (9.7%) were females and from this 18 (8.0%) were subclinical and 4 (1.7%) were clinical hypothyroidism and males were 2 (0.9%) with subclinical cases. From 225 cases with gallstones, 22(9.7%) cases complaining from goitre. Peak age between 51- 60 years.
Conclusion and recommendation:There is no significant association between hypothyroidism and gallstones in both genders. Gallstone patients between 51-60 years should be checked for serum TSH, T3 and T4 because of high incidence of hypothyroidism among this age group.
Risk of Occupational Respiratory Disorders Among Workers in Diwaniya City-Iraq
Authors: Abbas Al-Shammary Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

To calculate the risk of developing respiratory disorders among workers in Diwaniya, three occupational settings were included and a retrospective cohort studies were applied in two of them, while a case control study was applied in the third. Among workers exposed to air pollution by sand and cement in construction settings the relative risk was 3 times the risk among non exposed, the attributable risk was 12 more, and the attributable risk percent was 66.67%. Among workers exposed to air pollution by particulates of carbon and talc in rubber industry, the risks were: 6.67 times, 56.66 more, and 85.01% respectively. While among workers exposed to dust of cotton in textile factory the odd ratio was 12 times that of those not exposed.
More supervision and revitalization of enactments related to work is needed and proper preventive health measures are to be applied for each setting.
Dose individualization of ovarian stimulants: A comparative study of different ovulation enhancing modalities and their effect on reproductive hormones
Authors: A Kadhim Sinaa 
Published: January 2024

Background:- Many years ago, clinicians treating couples for infertility by using ovarian stimulants drugs, which produce their action on reproductive hormones, a variety of medications can temporarily correct ovulatory problems and increase a woman's ability to become pregnant.Objectives:- To identify the effect of different type of ovarian stimulents modalities on serum level of reproductive hormone which will eventually affect the out come of the cycle ( follicular maturation and ovulation).Methods:- Forty-five patients were enrolled in this study all of them suffer from primary infertility, the patients were randomized into three groups. The first group consist of fifteen patient they use clomiphene only as ovulation stimulant drug (starting from cycle day two and for five days), the second group also fifteen patient they use human menopausal gonadotropins injection (HMG) as ovulation induction drug(starting from cycle day two), and the third group also fifteen patient use both drugs for ovulation induction(first they took clomiphene from cycle day two and for five days followed by HMG injection from cycle day seven).Results:- Showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of follicular stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone in the third group more than the first and second groups. The rates of the follicular maturation were significantly higher in the second group more than the first and third groups. The serum concentrations of the progesterone and estrogen hormones were significantly higher in the first group more than the second and third groups.Conclusion:-Careful selection of treatment modality, dosing combined with appropriate levels of monitoring may result in excellent maturation rate.
Evaluation of lipid profile & BMI in smokers& non-smokers individuals
Authors: Hilal Khudhair Saeed 
Published: January 2024

This work was done to evaluate lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol) in plasma of healthy smokers /non-smokers and determined the effect of body mass index (BMI ) on these two groups. Serum levels of evaluate lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, LDL-cholestrol) were measured in (105) smokers subjects grouped in three types (normal weight, over weight and obese ) and ( 55) non-smoker subjects grouped in the same way. Lipid profile were estimated by using the enzymatic colorimetric methods for serum in both smoker and non-smoker subjects. The result revealed that BMI for smoker subjects show significant differences(P<0.01) for three groups (normal weight, over weight and obese ) in the total cholesterol levels in serum and LDL-cholestrol were increased significantly in smoker obese subjects more than in smoker over weight subjects and as compared with smokers normal weight; while the serum levels of HDLcholestrol were decreased significantly in smoker obese subjects more than in smoker over weight subjects as compared with smokers normal weight, also the results showed that there were significant differences between smokers and non- smoker subjects(P<0.01) in these three types of groups.