bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly and Annotation of the Tetraploid Salsola tragus (Russian Thistle) Genome
Authors: Lemas John M , Patterson Eric L , Cutti Luan , Morran Sarah , Johnson Nicholas A , Montgomery Jacob , Abdollahi Fatemeh , Nelson David R , Llaca Victor , Fengler Kevin , Westra Philip , Gaines Todd A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This report presents two phased chromosome-scale genome assemblies of allotetraploid Salsola tragus (2n = 4x = 36) and fills the current genomics resource gap for this species. Flow cytometry estimated 1C genome size was 1.319 Gb. PacBio HiFi reads were assembled and scaffolded with Hi-C chromatin contact mapping and Bionano optical mapping data. For annotation, a PacBio Iso-Seq library was generated from root, stem, leaf, and floral tissues followed by annotation using a modified Maker pipeline. The assembled haploid S. tragus genomes contained 18 chromosomes each, with 9 chromosomes assigned to subgenome A and 9 chromosomes to subgenome B. Each haplome assembly represented 95% of the total flow cytometry estimated genome size. Haplome 1 and haplome 2 contained 43,354 and 42,221 annotated genes, respectively. The availability of high-quality reference genomes for this economically important weed will facilitate future omics analysis of S. tragus and a better understanding of chenopod plants.
Social Activities and Cognitive Functioning Across Mid- and Late-Life: Evidence from China
Authors: Yu Chang , Barr Ashley B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Social engagement is positively associated with cognitive health, yet the role of these activities across the life span and in different contexts remains under-explored. This study investigates the association between social activities and two domains of cognitive functioning among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals, a population with the highest number of dementia cases in the world. We pay particular attention to the unique role of activities in midlife on cognitive decline in the later years.

Research Design and Methods
Using longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), we conducted mixed-effects linear models to determine the intra- and inter- individual variation on the relationship between social activity and cognitive functioning (N = 26,622 observations nested within 8,089 individuals).

Results
Across domains (episodic memory, mental intactness, and total cognition), more social activities in a given year are associated with increased cognitive functioning, independent of age. Independent of these within-individual changes, participation in social activities in midlife predicts better cognitive function across mid and later life across all domains, controlling for childhood adversities, friendship, self-rated health. However, midlife social activities do not significantly predict a slower rate of cognitive decline.

Discussion and Implications
Midlife social engagement has a lasting association with cognitive health in later life, yet it is important to recognize that changes occurring throughout both midlife and later life are associated with changes in cognition. This highlights the potential for modification and improvement during this period in the lifespan for aging Chinese.
An Intersectional Perspective on Digital health: Longitudinal Narratives and Observations with Older and Middle-Aged Women Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Gaber Sophie Nadia , Mattsson Elisabet , Klarare Anna , Dawes Joanna , Rapaport Penny ,   Women’s Advisory Board for Inclusion Health
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
People experiencing homelessness and older people experience barriers as health and social care services are increasingly delivered online, however, there is limited knowledge about how this relates to older and middle-aged women experiencing homelessness, especially those from minoritized and/or migrant communities. We aimed to explore how technology, including digital health, can help or hinder older and middle-aged women to navigate paths through and out of homelessness.

Research Design and Methods
This 16-month qualitative longitudinal study utilized narrative interviews and participant observations with seven older and two middle-aged women experiencing homelessness, in London, England. Additionally, we observed interactions between the women experiencing homelessness and two information and communications technology class facilitators. We collected and analyzed data using a narrative, interpretative approach. An advisory board of women with lived experiences of homelessness supported the interpretation of findings and development of practice and policy recommendations.

Results
We present our findings as three composite narrative vignettes co-constructed with the participants: (1) “No, I’m not taking this telephone appointment”; (2) “Technology doesn’t judge you”; and (3) “You have to be a digital person now”. The findings illuminate determinants of digital health equity related to aging, gender, and migration status among older and middle-aged women experiencing homelessness.

Discussion and Implications
Using an intersectional lens, we provide recommendations about how to better align digital health to the needs of older and middle-aged women experiencing homelessness. The findings will inform intervention development.
Anisotropic tomography and seismotectonics of the Longmenshan fault zone in East Tibet
Authors: Hu Xiaohui , Lei Jianshe , Zhao Dapeng , Wang Baoshan 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
We invert 122 147 P, S, and PmP phase arrival-times from 1549 local earthquakes for both isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic lithospheric P-wave velocity structures beneath the region of the Longmenshan fault zone, China. The use of PmP data significantly improves the spatial resolution of the middle-lower crust tomography. Our results show that widespread low-Vp anomalies exist in the middle and lower crust of the Songpan–Ganzi block and the Chuandian block, which contribute most crustal anisotropy. Moderate and strong earthquakes mainly occurred in the high-Vp and low-Vp transition zone, and obvious low-Vp anomalies appear below the seismogenic zone, indicating that the occurrence of earthquakes is affected by crustal fluids. The upper-crust anisotropy is mainly controlled by the stress field and local faults. The fast Vp directions (FVDs) on the Longmenshan fault zone are NE–SW in the lower crust and uppermost mantle, suggesting that the material flow is blocked by the Sichuan basin, so the flow moves in the NE–SW direction. The FVDs in the Longmenshan fault zone are different from the core-phase SKS splitting measurements, suggesting that the crust and lithospheric mantle are decoupled there. Our anisotropy results also suggest that the thickening deformation of the upper crust and the middle-lower crustal flow jointly control the uplift and deformation of the Longmenshan mountain.
In-depth analysis of an inclined solar desalination plant for optimal orientation by the conventional systems modification: toward low-carbon emission and sustainability
Authors: Abed Azher M , Escorcia Yulineth Cárdenas , Atamurotov Farruh , Ibrahim Wubshet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the use of computational fluid dynamics to analyze and simulate the 3D modeling of a solar desalination plant with a single slope design. It aims to optimize large-scale desalination by investigating factors like glass cover angle and fin placement. Results show that a 15° glass cover produced the most freshwater (0.2957 kg/m2·h), while a 60° angle decreased production by 8.63%. Adding fins increased freshwater production by 53.32% and improved heat transfer efficiency. These findings contribute to developing an optimized solar desalination model to enhance efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and lower carbon emissions.
Research on the suitability technologies of existing public buildings in hot summer and cold winter zones based on energy consumption and economic coupling optimization
Authors: Liang Li-xia , Jiang Ze-zhi , Wang Jian-kui , Lu Lin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the era of energy conservation and carbon reduction, simulations and analyses were carried out on three typical building types—office buildings, hotel buildings, and commercial buildings—in hot summer and cold winter zones, China, using Ladybug tools based on the Grasshopper platform. The energy consumption benefits and static payback periods for different retrofit technologies were compared. The results show that retrofitting a domestic hot water system is highly suitable for hotel buildings. Retrofitting the lift system is highly suitable for commercial buildings. A comprehensive evaluation of improving the thermal performance of the transparent building envelope, replacing lighting fixture, and improving the efficiency of chiller units shows good suitability for all three building types.
The application study of deep learning technology in intelligent power supervision systems
Authors: Ye Wang , Yuan Jiesheng , Ye Huayi , Chen Yufeng , Xie Ling , Cai Dailing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the application of a combined model incorporating bidirectional long short-term memory networks and gated recurrent units within intelligent power supervision systems, demonstrating its efficacy in recognizing anomalies within power grids. Based on historical operational data of two critical indicators—grid sectional security margin and generation-consumption balance margin—this paper constructs an anomaly detection model. This model effectively processes time series data, promptly identifying equipment malfunctions and abnormal load fluctuations, thereby enhancing the safety and stability of power grids.
Techno-economic and sensitivity analysis of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal systems
Authors: Rodrigues Paul , Pallathadka Harikumar , Kanabar Bhavesh , Bareja Lakshay , T Ramachandran , Vakada Naga Bhushana Rao , AL-Hamairy Ahmed Khudhair , Khazaal Waleed Mohammed , Foladi Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research explores the potential and feasibility of using photovoltaic/thermal-solar thermal (PVT-ST) systems in hot and moderate weather conditions for the first time. This study examined the performance of a new solar system called PVT module and ST collector in series (PVT-ST). This system can generate both thermal energy at high temperatures and electric power at the same time. The results show that the thermal power increases significantly as the mass flow rate increases. In July, with a mass flow rate of 0.0304 kg/s, the thermal efficiency of ST, PVT-ST, and PVT systems were found to be 86.3%, 79.1%, and 74.2%, respectively.
Asymmetric metabolic adaptations undermine stability in microbial syntrophy
Authors: Ye Nan , Yang Zhi-Chun , Bai Zhuang-Dong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Syntrophic interaction, driven by metabolite exchange, is widespread within microbial communities. However, co-inoculation of most auxotrophic microorganisms often fails to establish a stable metabolite exchange relationship. Here, we engineered two auxotrophic Escherichia coli strains, each dependent on the other for essential amino acid production, to investigate the dynamics of syntrophic relationships. Through invasion-from-rare experiments, we observed the rapid formation of syntrophic consortia stabilized by frequency-dependent selection, converging to a 2:1 ratio of lysine-to-arginine auxotrophs. However, laboratory evolution over 25 days revealed that syntrophic interactions were evolutionarily unstable, with cocultures collapsing as ΔL cells dominated the population. Reduced fitness in cocultures was driven by the emergence of a “selfish” ΔL phenotype, characterized by decreased arginine production and exploitation of lysine produced by ΔA cells. Dynamic metabolic assays revealed that metabolite production and utilization patterns strongly influenced the fitness of each strain. ΔL cells displayed metabolic plasticity, adjusting lysine utilization in response to lysine availability, which enabled them to outcompete ΔA cells. In contrast, ΔA cells lacked similar plasticity, resulting in their negative selection. These findings demonstrate that asymmetric metabolic responses and the emergence of selfish phenotypes destabilize syntrophic relationships. Our work underscores the importance of balanced metabolic exchanges for developing sustainable synthetic microbial consortia and offers insights into the evolutionary dynamics of microbial cooperation.
Plasma concentration of azithromycin and correlation with clinical outcomes in patients with enteric fever
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rini , Mathew Sumith K , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Samuel Prasanna , Backiyaraj Jacob , Sathyendra Sowmya , Rupali Priscilla 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Azithromycin is the only oral option available for XDR enteric fever. Studies correlating azithromycin levels with treatment success are rare.

Methods
Serum azithromycin levels after administration of a once-daily 20 mg/kg dose for 7 days were measured in a single-centre prospective cohort of 25 consecutive adults with blood culture-positive enteric fever. Five blood samples were collected on Day 2 after starting azithromycin, i.e. 30 min before dosing (trough), and 2, 5, 12 and 24 h after dosing. The MIC was determined for all isolates and azithromycin plasma concentration was determined using LC-MS. Clinical and microbiological outcomes were documented.

Results
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi accounted for 92% (n = 23) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi 8% (n = 2). Ten (40%) patients received IV azithromycin, and the rest received oral therapy. The median (IQR, range) MIC for azithromycin was 4 (4–6, 3–12) mg/L. Mean azithromycin plasma concentration ranges were: trough, 0.24 ± 0.19 mg/L; 2 h, 1.24 ± 0.98 mg/L; 5 h, 0.64 ± 0.51 mg/L; 12 h, 0.31 ± 0.16 mg/L; and 24 h, 0.37 ± 0.30 mg/L. The Cmax/MIC and AUC/MIC for azithromycin were 0.29 ± 0.22 and 2.64 ± 1.64, respectively. The median (IQR, range) fever clearance time was 3 (2–3, 2–5) days and the length of hospital stay was 7 (5.5–12, 4–16) days. There was no clinical or microbiological failure, relapse or mortality.

Conclusions
Azithromycin was effective in treatment of enteric fever, despite low extracellular azithromycin plasma levels.
Trabecular bone deficits predominate in the appendicular skeleton of midlife women living with HIV: findings from a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe
Authors: Breasail Mícheál Ó , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Kahari Cynthia , Ebeling Peter R , Simms Victoria , Micklesfield Lisa K , Ferrand Rashida A , Gregson Celia L , Ward Kate A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
HIV-related mortality has fallen due to scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), so more women living with HIV (WLH) now live to reach menopause. Menopausal estrogen loss causes bone loss, as do HIV and certain ART regimens. However, quantitative bone data from WLH are few in Africa. A cross-sectional study of women aged 40-60 years (49% WLH) was conducted in Harare, Zimbabwe. Menopause status, fracture history, HIV status and treatment, and anthropometry were collected, and radial/tibial peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) scans performed. pQCT outcomes were: distal radius and tibia trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), total area, and compressive bone strength (BSIc); proximal radius and tibia cortical vBMD, bone mineral content (BMC), cortical thickness, bone area, and stress–strain index (SSI). Linear regression determined differences by HIV status, minimally adjusted for age and menopause status, and further adjusted for height and fat mass. Relationships between pQCT parameters and major osteoporotic fracture history were explored using univariate logistic regression. In WLH, linear regression assessed associations between HIV and ART durations on pQCT measures. 384 women mean(SD) age 49.7(5.8) years had pQCT data. WLH had lower absolute pQCT measures at all sites. Overall, HIV-related deficits were robust to adjustment for age, menopause status, height, and fat mass: WLH had lower trabecular vBMD (radius -7.3 [-12.5; -2.0]%, tibia -5.4 [-9.1; -1.7]%), and cortical vBMD (radius -3.5 [-5.9; -1.1]%, tibia -1.1[-1.6; -0.5]%). Strength estimates were lower in WLH and of similar magnitude at the radius and tibia. Longer HIV duration was associated with lower radius bone area, BMC, estimates of bone strength, independent of ART duration. Trabecular deficits predominate in WLH, though with age cortical compartment bone loss may increase in importance. This is particularly concerning as these differences were observed at the radius, a common site of postmenopausal osteoporotic fracture.
An automated algorithm for quantitative morphometry of thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies in lateral radiographs
Authors: Arakawa Shoutaro , Shinohara Akira , Arimura Daigo , Fukuda Takeshi , Takumi Yukihiro , Nishino Kazuyoshi , Saito Mitsuru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This exploratory study developed and evaluated an AI-based algorithm for quantitative morphometry to assess vertebral body deformities indicative of fractures. To achieve this, 709 radiographs from 355 cases were utilized for algorithm development and performance evaluation. The proposed algorithm integrates a first-stage AI model to identify the positions of thoracic and lumber vertebral bodies in lateral radiographs and a second-stage AI model to annotate six landmarks for calculating vertebral body height ratios (C/A, C/P and A/P). The first-stage AI model achieved a sensitivity of 97.6%, a precision of 95.1%, and an average false-positive ratio of 0.43 per image for vertebral body detection. In the second stage, the algorithm’s performance was evaluated using an independent dataset of vertebrae annotated by two spine surgeons and one radiologist. The average landmark errors ranged from 2.9% to 3.3% on the X-axis and 2.9% to 4.0% on the Y-axis, with errors increasing in more severely collapsed vertebrae, particularly at central landmarks. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.519–0.589 for C/A, 0.558–0.647 for C/P, and 0.735–0.770 for A/P, comparable to correlations observed among human evaluators. Bland–Altman analysis revealed systematic bias in some cases, indicating that the algorithm underestimated anterior and central height collapse in deformed vertebrae. However, the mean differences and limits of agreement between the algorithm and external evaluators were similar to those among the evaluators. Additionally, the algorithm processed each image within 10 seconds. These findings suggest that the algorithm performs comparably to human evaluators, demonstrating sufficient accuracy for clinical use. The proposed approach has the potential to enhance patient care by being widely adopted in clinical settings.
Internal migrants’ social integration through community volunteering during the pandemic in China
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Meijering Louise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated vulnerabilities among migrants, potentially hampering their integration into host societies. Employing the concepts of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital, we aimed to understand the perceived social integration of internal migrants who volunteered during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. We conducted semi-structured interviews with twenty-eight migrant volunteers and participant observation of migrants’ daily volunteering in late 2022. We found that bonding social capital within the migrant group was enhanced by daily mutual help and the reinforced sense of community. Volunteering during the pandemic offered migrants opportunities to engage in neighboring, thereby contributing to the enhancement of bonding social capital. The feeling of being cared for by the migrant community and local government was crucial for migrants’ sense of community during the pandemic. The perceived social exclusion limited migrant volunteers from establishing bridging social capital. Migrant volunteers relied on linking social capital via the migrant leader, which might imply a lack of individual linking social capital of migrants. To conclude, through community volunteering during the pandemic, the migrants seem to become more close-knit, which may reinforce their sense of community rather than facilitate social integration into the receiving society. These findings are also intertwined with the relatively lower socio-economic status of migrants in urban areas.
Observational signatures of mixing-induced cooling in the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
Authors: Snow B , Osborne C , Hillier A S 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Cool ($\approx 10^4$ K), dense material permeates the hot ($\approx 10^6$ K), tenuous solar corona in form of coronal condensations, for example prominences and coronal rain. As the solar atmosphere evolves, turbulence can drive mixing between the condensations and the surrounding corona, with the mixing layer exhibiting an enhancement in emission from intermediate temperature ($\approx 10^5$ K) spectral lines, which is often attributed to turbulent heating within the mixing layer. However, radiative cooling is highly efficient at intermediate temperatures and numerical simulations have shown that radiative cooling can far exceed turbulent heating in prominence-corona mixing scenarios. As such the mixing layer can have a net loss of thermal energy, i.e. the mixing layer is cooling rather than heating. Here, we investigate the observational signatures of cooling processes in Kelvin–Helmholtz mixing between a prominence thread and the surrounding solar corona through 2D numerical simulations. Optically, thin emission is synthesized for Si iv, along with optically thick emission for H $\alpha$, Ca ii K, and Mg ii h using Lightweaver. The Mg ii h probes the turbulent mixing layer, whereas H $\alpha$ and Ca ii K form within the thread and along its boundary, respectively. As the mixing evolves, intermediate temperatures form leading to an increase in Si iv emission, which coincides with increased radiative losses. The simulation is dominated by cooling in the mixing layer, rather than turbulent heating, and yet enhanced emission in warm lines is produced. As such, an observational signature of decreased emission in cooler lines and increased emission in hotter lines may be a signature of mixing, rather than an implication of heating.