bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-based differences in clinical and radiological presentation of patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liang Xiao , Yang Puxin , Yuan Hongru , Huo Yachong , Yang Dalong , Wang Hui , Ding Wenyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the sex-based differences in clinical and radiological presentation of patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and to explore whether the difference is helpful in investigating the etiology and progression of DLS.MethodA retrospective review of 199 patients (41 males, 158 females) with DLS was included. Patient demographics including age, gender, bone mineral density were collected. Back and leg pain was assessed by visual analog scale, and general physical condition was assessed by Oswestry Disability Index. Cobb’s angle was measured, and direction of scoliosis, position of the superior, inferior and apex vertebrae, number of vertebrae included in the scoliosis, rotation of apex vertebrae (Nash-Mo index), translation of apex vertebrae were recorded. Sagittal longitudinal axis, thoracolumbar kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence angle (PI), sacral slope, apex of lumbar lordosis and coronal balance distance were measured by whole spine lateral radiographs, and type of coronal imbalance was evaluated in all patients. Fat infiltration rate (FIR) of the paraspinal muscles at the vertebral apex was measured by MRI.ResultCompared to female patients, male patients showed more back and leg pain on clinical presentation and smaller Cobb angle, less parietal rotation, larger LL, smaller PI-LL and lower paravertebral muscle FIR on radiologic features.ConclusionGender differences do exist in DLS patients with regard to clinical and radiological presentation, low back pain was more pronounced in male patients, and scoliosis was more severe in female patients based on this cross-sectional study.
Effect of intranasal insulin administration on postoperative delirium prevention in elderly cardiac surgery patients: study protocol for a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Nakadate Yosuke , Yamada Mariko , Kusuyama Natsuyo , Ishii Ryota , Sato Hiroaki , Schricker Thomas , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication after surgery which leads to worse outcomes. The frequency of this syndrome is increasing as more elderly patients undergo major surgery. The frequency is around 10–25% but reaches as high as 50% for cardiac surgery. Although intranasal insulin (INI) administration of up to 160 units in patients with cognitive dysfunction and delirium has been shown to improve memory function and brain metabolism without complications such as hypoglycemia, it remains unknown whether INI prevents POD after cardiac surgery

Methods
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial will be conducted at University of Tsukuba Hospital and Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Japan, from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2025. A total of 110 elderly patients (65 years old or older) undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass will be enrolled and randomly allocated to intranasal insulin or intranasal saline groups. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD within 7 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes include days and times of delirium, screening tests of cognitive function, pain scores, duration of postoperative tracheal intubation, and length of ICU stay.

Discussion
The present objective is to assess whether 80 IU INI administration during surgery prevents POD after cardiac surgery. The results may provide strategic choices to prevent POD in patients with cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with the Japan Registry for Clinical Trials with identifier jRCTs031230047 on April 21, 2023.
Univariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume within essential language-processing areas
Authors: Sanchis-Segura Carla , Wilcox Rand R. , Cruz-Gómez Alvaro Javier , Félix-Esbrí Sonia , Sebastián-Tirado Alba , Forn Cristina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in language-related abilities have been reported. It is generally assumed that these differences stem from a different organization of language in the brains of females and males. However, research in this area has been relatively scarce, methodologically heterogeneous and has yielded conflicting results.MethodsUnivariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume (GMVOL) within 18 essential language-processing brain areas were assessed in a sex-balanced sample (N = 588) of right-handed young adults. Univariate analyses involved location, spread, and shape comparisons of the females’ and males’ distributions and were conducted with several robust statistical methods able to quantify the size of sex differences and similarities in a complementary way. Multivariate sex differences and similarities were estimated by the same methods in the continuous scores provided by two distinct multivariate procedures (logistic regression and a multivariate analog of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test). Additional analyses were addressed to compare the outcomes of these two multivariate analytical strategies and described their structure (that is, the relative contribution of each brain area to the multivariate effects).ResultsWhen not adjusted for total intracranial volume (TIV) variation, “large” univariate sex differences (males > females) were found in all 18 brain areas considered. In contrast, “small” differences (females > males) in just two of these brain areas were found when controlling for TIV. The two multivariate methods tested provided very similar results. Multivariate sex differences surpassed univariate differences, yielding "large" differences indicative of larger volumes in males when calculated from raw GMVOLestimates. Conversely, when calculated from TIV-adjusted GMVOL, multivariate differences were "medium" and indicative of larger volumes in females. Despite their distinct size and direction, multivariate sex differences in raw and TIV-adjusted GMVOLshared a similar structure and allowed us to identify the components of the SENT_CORE network which more likely contribute to the observed effects.ConclusionsOur results confirm and extend previous findings about univariate sex differences in language-processing areas, offering unprecedented evidence at the multivariate level. We also observed that the size and direction of these differences vary quite substantially depending on whether they are estimated from raw or TIV-adjusted GMVOLmeasurements.
Metabolic syndrome and breast cancer risk
Authors: Mohammed Amira M. , Hamed Hosney B. , Noaman Maisa K. , Alieldin Nelly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Limited data are available on metabolic syndrome and its relation to breast cancer risk in Egypt. We aimed to study metabolic syndrome and its individual components as risk of breast cancer.

Methods
This case–control study recruited 112 breast cancer cases and 112 age-matched controls from Assiut University. In addition to demographic, clinical, and anthropoemetric characteristics, blood samples were collected from both study groups to evaluate metabolic syndrome and its individual components.

Results
Mean age of breast cancer cases and control groups was 46.10 ± 4.34 and 45.66 ± 4.68 years, respectively. According to Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria for clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in all participants was 42.9%, and prevalence in breast cancer cases and control group was 57.14% and 28.6%, respectively, OR 33.33, 95% CI (1.91–5.81). BMI was more likely to be higher in breast cancer patients with a linear trend, p < 0.001. For individual components of metabolic syndrome, breast cancer cases were more likely to have high fasting blood glucose level, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure, high triglycerides level, and low HDL-C as compared to the control group.

Conclusion
Metabolic syndrome and its components were found to be associated with the risk of breast cancer. We believe that prevention or reversal of metabolic syndrome by raising community awareness for lifestyle changes could be an effective way in minimizing the toll of the disease.
Patterns of Treatment Failure After Selective Rearranged During Transfection (RET) Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Hadoux Julien , Al Ghuzlan Abir , Lamartina Livia , Bani Mohamed-Amine , Moog Sophie , Attard Marie , Scoazec Jean Yves , Hartl Dana , Aldea Mihaela , Friboulet Luc , Jules-Clement Gerome , Italiano Antoine , Besse Benjamin , Lacroix Ludovic , Baudin Eric 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) harbors frequent mutations in RET oncogene. Selective RET inhibitors (RETi) have emerged as effective treatments. However, resistance almost invariably occurs. METHODS MTC patients who were initiated on RETi between 2018 and 2022 were included. Baseline characteristics, RET mutational status, RETi response, available tumor tissue and molecular profiles sampled pre- and post-RETi were analyzed. RESULTS Among 46 MTC patients on RETi during the study period, 26 patients had discontinued at data cut-off because of progression (n = 16), death (n = 4), and toxicity (n = 6). The most frequent RET mutations at baseline were p.M918T (n = 29), and p.C634X (n = 6). Pre- and post-RETi molecular profiles were available in 14 patients. There was no primary resistance on pre-RETi samples. Post-RETi profiles revealed a bypass mechanism of resistance in 75% of the cases including RAS genes mutations (50%), FGFR2 and ALK fusions and and MYC p.P44L. RET solvent from and hinge region mutations was the only resistance mechanisms in 25% of the cases. Tumor samples from initial thyroidectomy, pre- and post-RETi, from six patients, showed an increase of the mean Ki 67-index of 7%, 17% and 40% respectively (P = 0.037) and a more aggressive poorly differentiated histology in three patients. DISCUSSION Bypass resistance may be the most frequent mechanism of progression under RETi. A more aggressive histology may arise following RETi and warrants further investigation.
Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Map-Based First- and High-Order Radiomic Features for the Discrimination of Sacral Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas With Overlapping Conventional Imaging Features
Authors: Amini Behrang , Chenglei Liu , Duran-Sierra Elvis , Wang Wei-Lien , Canjirathinkal Mathew A. , Moradi Heerod , Green William N. , Madewell John E. , Costelloe Collen M. , Murphy William A. , Valenzuela Raul F. 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Chondrosarcomas arise from the lateral pelvis; however, midline chondrosarcomas (10%) display similar imaging features to chordoma, causing a diagnostic challenge. This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)–based radiomic features and two novel diffusion indices for differentiating sacral chordomas and chondrosarcomas. METHODS A retrospective, multireader review was performed of 82 pelvic MRIs (42 chordomas and 40 chondrosarcomas) between December 2014 and September 2021, split into training (n = 69) and validation (n = 13) data sets. Lesions were segmented on a single slice from ADC maps. Eight first-order features (minimum, mean, median, and maximum ADC, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy) and two novel indices: restriction index (RI, proportion of lesions with restricted diffusion) and facilitation index (FI, proportion of lesions with facilitated diffusion) were estimated. One hundred seven radiomic features comparing patients with chondrosarcoma versus chordoma were sorted based on mean group differences. RESULTS There was good to excellent interobserver reliability for eight of the 10 ADC metrics on the training data set. Significant differences were observed ( P < .005) for RI, FI, median, mean, and skewness using the training data set. Optimal cutpoints for diagnosis of chordoma were RI > 0.015; FI < 0.25; mean ADC < 1.7 × 10–3 mm2/s; and skewness >0.177. The optimal decision tree relied on FI. In a secondary analysis, significant differences ( P < .00047) in chondrosarcoma versus chordoma were found in 18 of 107 radiomic features, including six first-order and 12 high-order features. CONCLUSION The novel ADC index, FI, in addition to ADC mean, skewness, and 12 high-order radiomic features, could help differentiate sacral chordomas from chondrosarcomas.
Regulated dynamic subcellular GLUT4 localization revealed by proximal proteome mapping in human muscle cells
Authors: Ray Anuttoma , Wen Jennifer , Yammine Lucie , Culver Jeff , Parida Isabella Supardi , Garren Jeonifer , Xue Liang , Hales Katherine , Xiang Qing , Birnbaum Morris J. , Zhang Bei B. , Monetti Mara , McGraw Timothy E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Regulation of glucose transport, which is central for control of whole-body metabolism, is determined by the amount of GLUT4 glucose transporter (also known as SLC2A4) in the plasma membrane (PM) of fat and muscle cells. Physiologic signals [such as activated insulin receptor or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] increase PM GLUT4. Here, we show that the distribution of GLUT4 between the PM and interior of human muscle cells is dynamically maintained, and that AMPK promotes PM redistribution of GLUT4 by regulating exocytosis and endocytosis. Stimulation of exocytosis by AMPK is mediated by Rab10 and the Rab GTPase-activating protein TBC1D4. APEX2 proximity mapping reveals that GLUT4 traverses both PM-proximal and PM-distal compartments in unstimulated muscle cells, further supporting retention of GLUT4 by a constitutive retrieval mechanism. AMPK-stimulated translocation involves GLUT4 redistribution among the same compartments traversed in unstimulated cells, with a significant recruitment of GLUT4 from the Golgi and trans-Golgi network compartments. Our comprehensive proximal protein mapping provides an integrated, high-density, whole-cell accounting of the localization of GLUT4 at a resolution of ∼20 nm that serves as a structural framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GLUT4 trafficking downstream of different signaling inputs in a physiologically relevant cell type.
Route retracing: way pointing and multiple vector memories in trail-following ants
Authors: Freas Cody A. , Spetch Marcia L. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Maintaining positional estimates of goal locations is a fundamental task for navigating animals. Diverse animal groups, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, can accomplish this through path integration. During path integration, navigators integrate movement changes, tracking both distance and direction, to generate a spatial estimate of their start location, or global vector, allowing efficient direct return travel without retracing the outbound route. In ants, path integration is accomplished through the coupling of pedometer and celestial compass estimates. Within path integration, it has been theorized navigators may use multiple vector memories for way pointing. However, in many instances, these navigators may instead be homing via view alignment. Here, we present evidence that trail-following ants can attend to segments of their global vector to retrace their non-straight pheromone trails, without the confound of familiar views. Veromessor pergandei foragers navigate to directionally distinct intermediate sites via path integration by orienting along separate legs of their inbound route at unfamiliar locations, indicating these changes are not triggered by familiar external cues, but by vector state. These findings contrast with path integration as a singular memory estimate in ants and underscore the system's ability to way point to intermediate goals along the inbound route via multiple vector memories, akin to trapline foraging in bees visiting multiple flower patches. We discuss how reliance on non-straight pheromone-marked trails may support attending to separate vectors to remain on the pheromone rather than attempting straight-line shortcuts back to the nest.
FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ PERSONALITY TRUST IN COMMUNICATIVE NETWORK ACTIVITY
Authors: Akimkina Yuliya E. 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the actual problem of personality trust of students in the conditions of network activity. The study of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity is of scientific significance due to the widespread inclusion of the Internet in life. Personality trust in the virtual world regulates human behavior. The aim of the study is to identify the features of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity.
Methodology and methods of research. The article used research methods: theoretical, empirical, methods of mathematical processing of psychological data: Friedman’s Xr2–criterion, Mann-Whitney U-criterion, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Computer data processing was carried out using the software packages “Excel” and “IBM SPSS Statistics 21”. A set of the following methods was used: “Methodology for studying the trust/distrust of a person to the world, other people, and oneself” (A. B. Kupreichenko) (the authors introduced an additional construct “virtual world”); “Questionnaire for problematic use of social networks” (N.A. Sirota, D.V. Moskovchenko, V.M. Yaltonsky, A.V. Yaltonskaya); “Methodology for assessing involvement in the use of information and communication technologies” (A.N. Tatarko, E.V. Maklasova, Z.H. Lepshokova, V.N. Galyapina, M.V. Efremova, D.I. Dubrov, M.A. Bultseva, E. .V Bushina, A.A Mironova). The empirical base of the study consisted of 200 respondents: boys – 100 people, girls – 100 people. Average age 20,6 years.
Results and scientific novelty. For the first time, the personality trust of students in communicative network activity is considered. As a result of the empirical study, conclusions were drawn that self-confidence prevails among students in the virtual world. A comparative analysis based on gender showed that girls trust other people online more than boys. Differences were found on the scales “Trust in other people”, “Compulsive use”, “Cognitive absorption”, “Committing economic actions”, “Smartphone use”. The analysis revealed significant relationships between the components of personality trust and communicative network activity. A high level of self-confidence reduces anxious mental return to virtuality, growing trust in other people contributes to a feeling of comfort and security in communication, and with demonstrated trust in the virtual world, the desire to regularly stay in it increases.
Practical significance. The results obtained during the study of the characteristics of students’ personality trust in communicative network activity can be used to organize a digital educational environment and make practical recommendations for conducting training work in order to develop digital competence skills.
INTRODUCING STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL VALUES: PROBLEMS, CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Zakieva Rafina R. , Akhmetvaleeva Lyalya V. , Khusnutdinova Alsou T. , Shirieva Elena N. , Suleymanov Rafkat A. 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of introducing students of technical universities to the values of science, scientific and technological development and education in modern conditions; determine the psychological and pedagogical conditions under which a value attitude towards science, technological progress and education is formed; propose a number of activities through which future engineers can put into practice their interest in scientific and technical creativity.
The methodological basis axiological approach as one of the key approaches in the formation of values. It is based on the understanding of value as the basis of human existence and attitude to the world.
Results. The psychological and pedagogical conditions under which a value-based attitude towards science is formed are identified; activities are proposed with the help of which future engineers can put into practice their interest in scientific and technical creativity.
Scope of application of the results. The results obtained can be applied in the educational process of higher education.
Morphological changes of the hepatobiliary system and salivary glands under the influence of stress
Authors: Denefil Olha , Chorniy Sofiia , Romanovych Viktoriia , Levkiv Mariana , Chornij Natalia , Tverdokhlib Natalia , Gryniuka Iurii 
Published: December 2023

Stress can impact our bodies at the cellular level, causing changes to various organs and systems. Chronic stress can indirectly affect the hepatobiliary tract. Salivary gland dysfunction can be a manifestation of a large variety of systemic diseases or the consequence of local structural or functional pathologies. Stress can influence the oral microbiome, leading to changes in microbial diversity. Scientists study stress reactions, new resistance methods, and modern approaches to prevent and treat stress.
The aim is to examine the morphological aspects and changes of the blood vessels in the liver and salivary glands of white rats in experiment using acute immobilization stress.
Materials and methods. In total 22 white male rats were studied, divided into two groups. The first was kept as a control, the second was subjected to acute immobilization stress. The rats were immobilized by hanging them by the neck with a clamp for 6 hours. Animals were euthanized with a sodium thiopental solution. Samples of the liver and parotid gland were examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin stain.
Results. The livers of rats were studied after acute immobilization stress. Significant changes were observed in the liver blood vessels, including thrombosis and expansion of perisinusoidal spaces. Liver cells also showed changes such as karyopyknosis, colliquation necrosis, and hydropic dystrophy. The parotid salivary gland histologic examination showed swelling in the connective tissue, periductal regions, and perivascular spaces. In the acinar section, basophilia and swelling of serocytes were observed, along with dystrophic processes leading to remodeling of the acini and ducts. The narrowing of arterioles was observed, reflecting tension in the arterial system.
Conclusions. Exposure to acute stress can cause changes in the liver and biliary tract, increasing the risk of various diseases, including those that affect the oral cavity.