bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat flour exposure results in recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lungs of healthy individuals
Authors: Gripenbäck Sofia , Lundgren Lennart , Eklund Anders , Lidén Carola , Skare Lizbet , Tornling Göran , Grunewald Johan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundFlour dust in bakeries is known to cause allergic as well as nonallergic respiratory symptoms. Fungal α‐amylase is a commonly used baking additive that has been shown to have allergenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate any effects on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy individuals exposed to airborne wheat flour dust with or without fungal α‐amylase added.MethodsFifteen subjects were exposed during 1 hr in an exposure chamber, ten individuals to wheat flour alone and five with α‐amylase added. BAL was performed 2–6 weeks before and 1 day after the exposure. BAL cells were differentially counted and flowcytometric analysis of the expression of activation, adhesion, and subset markers on alveolar macrophages (AM) and T cells in BAL fluid and peripheral blood were carried out.ResultsExposure to wheat flour dust increased the total number of cells in BAL fluid from 75.4 (i.q. range 70.4–104.1) to 127.4 (92.1–187.4) cells × 106/L, P < 0.01. There was a significant difference in the change of total BAL cell concentration between the study group exposed to wheat flour only (n = 10; increase with 91.9 × 106/L) and the group exposed to wheat flour with the baking additive fungal α‐amylase (n = 5; decrease with 5.4 × 106/L). The exposure level of respirable dust was lower in the group that received α‐amylase and the increase in BAL cell concentration showed a positive correlation with the concentration of respirable dust in the exposure chamber (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). The phenotypic analysis of AM indicated an influx of monocytic cells.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the concentration of respirable dust, but not α‐amylase, is of importance for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the peripheral airways in healthy individuals exposed to wheat flour dust. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:75–82, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust on porphyrin metabolism in lymphocytes of workers employed at black coal and oil‐shale mines
Authors: Muzyka Vladimir , Bogovski Sergei , Scheepers Paul , Volf Jaroslav , Kusova Jaromira 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study was conducted to investigate biochemical effects of exposure to diesel engine exhaust at two mines. For this purpose, heme biosynthesis, and PP association with DNA (PP/DNA) in lymphocytes of miners exposed to diesel exhaust were determined.MethodsThe pilot study was carried out at a black coal mine in Czech Republic, and at an oil‐shale mine in Estonia. The subjects were ten drivers from each mine, who were exposed to diesel exhaust (underground workers). Control groups consisted of ten maintenance workers from each mine (surface workers). The content of 1‐nitropyrene (NP) in respirable dust was measured using GC‐MS. The levels of PP, PP/DNA, heme, and activity of ferrochelatase (FC) were determined by spectrophotometry.ResultsThe exposure to diesel exhaust evaluated as the level of NP associated to particulate matter in air. NP level was significantly higher in oil‐shale mine compared with coal mine. The values of PP and PP/DNA in lymphocytes appeared to be significantly increased only in miners in the oil‐shale mine. There was no difference in the levels of PP and PP/DNA and FC activity between surface workers and miners at the coal mine. The level of heme in lymphocytes of coal mine miners was significantly higher than in miners of the oil‐shale mine. The activity of FC was significantly lower in underground workers compared to surface workers at this mine. High level of NP was accompanied by an increase of alterations in cells porphyrin metabolism in lymphocytes of miners.ConclusionsAlterations of porphyrin and heme metabolism in peripheral lymphocytes may serve as biomarker in assessment of exposure to diesel exhaust effects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:70–74, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An update of a mortality study of talc miners and millers in Italy
Authors: Coggiola Maurizio , Bosio Davide , Pira Enrico , Piolatto Pier Giorgio , Vecchia Carlo La , Negri Eva , Michelazzi Marco , Bacaloni Alessandro 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundWhile talc containing asbestiform fibers is considered a human carcinogen, only limited animal and human data are available on non‐asbestiform talc. To provide further evaluation on the issue, we updated the analysis of an Italian cohort of talc miners and millers in Val Chisone; talc found here is free from asbestiform fibers.MethodsThe cohort was comprised of 1,795 men who had worked for at least 1 year in the mine and/or in the factory between 1946 and 1995. Vital status and death certificates were obtained from registration offices in the municipality of death or of birth. Employment, termination of employment, and detailed job history were obtained from personnel records at the plant.ResultsNo excess was found for total cancer mortality, nor mortality for lung cancer. No case of mesothelioma was reported. There was a significant excess mortality from non‐neoplastic respiratory diseases (SMR 228.2, 95% CI 190.2–271.5). Mortality excess for non‐neoplastic respiratory diseases was mainly due to silicosis.ConclusionsThis study provides additional support for an association between talc in mining and milling and non‐neoplastic respiratory diseases, while showing no significant excess risk for lung cancer and mesothelioma. The results also provide additional information of interest to evaluate the potential association between silica and lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:63–69, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application and Limitations of X‐ray Crystallographic Data in Structure‐Based Ligand and Drug Design
Authors: Davis Andrew M. , Teague Simon J. , Kleywegt Gerard J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractStructure‐based design usually focuses upon the optimization of ligand affinity. However, successful drug design also requires the optimization of many other properties. The primary source of structural information for protein–ligand complexes is X‐ray crystallography. The uncertainties introduced during the derivation of an atomic model from the experimentally observed electron density data are not always appreciated. Uncertainties in the atomic model can have significant consequences when this model is subsequently used as the basis of manual design, docking, scoring, and virtual screening efforts. Docking and scoring algorithms are currently imperfect. A good correlation between observed and calculated binding affinities is usually only observed only when very large ranges of affinity are considered. Errors in the correlation often exceed the range of affinities commonly encountered during lead optimization. Some structure‐based design approaches now involve screening libraries by using technologies based on NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography to discover small polar templates, which are used for further optimization. Such compounds are defined as leadlike and are also sought by more traditional high‐throughput screening technologies. Structure‐based design and HTS technologies show important complementarity and a degree of convergence.
Synthesis and 5‐HT2A Radioligand Receptor Binding Assays of DOMCl and DOMOM, Two Novel 5‐HT2A Receptor Ligands
Authors: Harms Antje , Ulmer Ernst , Kovar Karl‐Artur 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA synthesis of two new active substances, DOMCl (1‐(4‐chloromethyl‐2, 5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐propanamine; 2) and DOMOM (1‐(2, 5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methoxymethylphenyl)‐2‐propanamine; 3), was developed. Unexpectedly, the Blanc reaction permitted successful synthesis of 2, 5‐dimethoxyphenylpropylamine derivatives having a substituted methyl group in position 4 since solvation of the reactant occurs during the reaction. Afterwards, their affinities towards the 5‐HT2A receptor were examined in 5‐HT2A radioligand receptor binding assays. The study of these substances is of considerable interest because they were predicted, by preliminary molecular modeling studies based on mescalin units, to be potential new hallucinogens that should be added to the list of substances prohibited by law. It was assumed that DOMCl would be 82 times more potent as a hallucinogen than mescalin, and DOMOM would be 94 times more potent. The 5‐HT2A radioligand receptor binding studies showed that the affinities of DOMCl and DOMOM for the 5‐HT2A receptor are less than expected but are nevertheless 1.6 and 8.7 times higher, respectively, than that of mescalin. Therefore, scheduling these substances as potential drugs of abuse might be considered.
Synthesis of Novel Isoxazolidine Derivatives and Their Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Kumar Kodagahally R. Ravi , Mallesha Honnaiah , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe synthesis of some biologically interesting isoxazolidine derivatives has been accomplished by the cycloaddition reaction of C‐(4‐biphenyl)‐N‐(3‐methylphenyl) nitrone and C‐(4‐biphenyl)‐N‐(3‐chlorophenyl) nitrone to monosubstituted alkenes. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds 3a (ii), 3a (vii), 3a (viii), 3b (iv), 3b (vii), and 3b (viii) showed significant antifungal activity comparable with that of the standard drug Nystatin against Botrydiplodia theobromae.
Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Biphenylyl)quinoline‐4‐carboxylate and Carboxamide Analogs. New Human Neurokinin‐3 (hNK‐3) Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Saudi Manal N. S. , Rostom Sherif A. F. , Fahmy Hesham T. Y. , El Ashmawy Ibrahim M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe 2‐phenylquinoline‐4‐carboxamide 1 (Chart[TH]1) has been found to possess moderate affinity for human neurokinin‐3 (hNK‐3) receptor. In the present work, and in a trial to investigate the effect of the lipophilic moiety at C‐2 of the quinoline ring on the antagonistic activity, an enlargement of the aromatic area at this position was suggested. In this respect, two series of 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)quinoline‐4‐carboxylates and carboxamides have been synthesized with certain modifications at the quinoline‐2 and 4‐position in order to study their effect on the anticipated hNK‐3 receptor antagonistic activity. Fifteen compounds were screened for such activity using guinea‐pig isolated ileum longitudinal muscle preparation and senktide as selective hNK‐3 receptor agonist. Some compounds showed considerable antagonistic effect. Compound 7b, 6‐bromo‐2‐(4‐biphenylyl)quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid, was the most prominent hNK‐3 receptor antagonist in this study. Unexpectedly, some compounds were agonists.
Antimycobacterial Activity of 1‐Substituted Indolizines
Authors: Gundersen Lise‐Lotte , Negussie Ayele H. , Rise Frode , Østby Ole Benny 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIndolizine derivatives were tested as antimycobacterials against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294)in BACTEC 12B medium using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay. The most active compounds examined carry an α‐hydroxybenzyl substituent in the indolizine 1‐position. MICs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis for these compounds were 6.25 μg/mL
Influence of linker unit on performance of palladium(II) coproporphyrin labelling reagent and its bioconjugates
Authors: Soini Aleksi E. , Yashunsky Dmitri V. , Meltola Niko J. , Ponomarev Gelii V. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper we describe the preparation of a series of new phosphorescent labelling reagents, based on monosubstituted palladium(II) coproporphyrin‐I and the isothiocyanato reactive group. The labelling reagents differ with respect to the chemical composition of the linker unit that combines the reactive group and the porphyrin chromophore. Altogether, seven different labelling reagents are prepared. The new labelling reagents are conjugated with monoclonal mouse IgG to yield label conjugates with variable degrees of conjugation. The effect is studied of linker unit on: (a) the conjugation reaction kinetics; (b) the biological activity of the resulting IgG conjugates; and (c) the efficiency of phosphorescence emission. The results show that an increase in the length of the linker unit has a positive effect on both the reactivity of the label and the biological activity of the resulting conjugates. In addition, the results indicate that the labels with the most hydrophilic linker units exhibit the highest phosphorescence emission efficiencies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
„Hot Spots”︁ der Nährelementaufnahme?: Steine im Waldboden
Authors: Kohler Martin , Wolsfeld Norbert , Hildebrand Ernst E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSteine in Waldböden sind offensichtlich in weitaus größerem Umfang an geo‐/biochemischen Ionenkreisläufen beteiligt, als man bislang angenommen hat. In feinen Fissuren der Steine findet man Feinmaterial, das relativ hohe Gehalte an pflanzenverfügbaren Nährelementkationen aufweist. Dieses Ernährungspotenzial wird von Pilzhyphen genutzt. Damit ist ein verbreitetes Plausibilitätsdefizit der Bodenchemie beseitigt, wonach gesunde Bestände auf dramatisch nährstoffarmen Böden wachsen können. Wir fanden auch Pilzhyphen, die ohne Verwitterungszonen direkt in den Mineralverband von Steinen eingedrungen waren. Wir können damit die Ergebnisse einer nordeuropäischen Forschergruppe bestätigen, dass es „rock‐eating‐fungi”︁ gibt.
Haie im Mittelmeer: Fakten, Forschung, Probleme
Authors: De Maddalena Alessandro , Reckel Frank 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEtwa 50 der weltweit fast 500 Haiarten kommen im Mittelmeer vor. Neben Arten, für die das Mittelmeer schon immer zum Verbreitungsgebiet zählte, wie beispielsweise Blau‐ und Fuchshai, wurden in den vergangenen Jahren auch eingewanderte tropische Spezies wie Wal‐ und Tigerhai beobachtet. Kleinere Haiarten sind im Mittelmeer nach wie vor häufig. Dagegen gingen die Bestände der Großhaie stark zurück. Die Ursachen sind möglicherweise eine intensivere Fischerei und eine erhöhte Umweltbelastung. Trotz der großen ökologischen und ökonomischen Bedeutung des Hais im Mittelmeerraum wurden kaum Maßnahmen zu seinem Schutz ergriffen. Da zudem bislang keine langfristigen und länderübergreifenden Studien durchgeführt wurden, ist das Wissen über Biologie, Status und Verbreitung vieler Haiarten noch lückenhaft. Mit der Gründung der Mediterranean Shark Research Group, die bereits erste Projekte initiierte, deutet sich eine Wende zum Positiven an.
Kollektiver Kraftakt zweier Exzentriker: Phloemtransport
Authors: van Bel Aart J. E. , Hess Paul 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSiebröhren sind modular aufgebaute Transport‐ und Kommunikationskanäle im Phloem der Pflanzen. Sie transportieren nicht nur Photoassimilate, sondern auch eine Vielfalt anderer chemischer Verbindungen, beispielsweise verschiedene Proteine und sogar genetische Information in Form von RNA. Die einzelnen Module der Siebröhren bestehen aus zwei Komponenten: dem kernlosen Siebelement und der gleichsam hyperaktiven Geleitzelle, die den Stoffwechsel des Siebelements metabolisch unterstützt und deren Energieversorgung übernimmt. Sie funktionieren als untrennbare Einheit, dem Siebelement‐Geleitzell‐Komplex. Die hintereinander gereihten Siebelemente bilden das eigentliche Transportrohrsystem, das einen effektiv gesteuerten Ferntransport innerhalb der Pflanze ermöglicht. So sorgt das Phloemleitsystem dafür, dass alle Abschnitte der Pflanze mit Nährstoffen versorgt werden und aufeinander abgestimmt auf Umwelteinflüsse wie Schädlingsbefall und endogene Prozesse wie Fruchtbildung reagieren können.
Nachzucht führt zu kleineren Lachseiern
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFür bedrohte Tierarten ist oft die letzte Möglichkeit der Arterhaltung die Nachzucht in Gefangenschaft und spätere Rückführung in die freie Wildbahn. Die Auswirkungen eines solchen Nachzuchtprogrammes wurden bei dem beliebten Königslachs (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) untersucht.
Sehen Verwandte die Welt ähnlich?
Authors: Wolf Fred , Kaschube Matthias , Geisel Theo , Löwel Siegrid 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWie genetische Faktoren und Umwelteinflüsse die Struktur des Gehirns und seine kognitiven Leistungen beeinflussen, ist eine zentrale Frage in den Neurowissenschaften. Eine wissenschaftliche Überprüfung des Einflusses genetischer Information auf die Struktur des Gehirns war bisher allerdings beschränkt auf grobe Faktoren, wie das Volumen des Gehirns oder seiner Teile. Nun wurde nachgewiesen, dass sich neuronale Aktivitätsmuster des Gehirns bei nah verwandten Tieren viel stärker ähneln als bei solchen, die nicht miteinander verwandt sind.
Alzheimer: Wege zur Diagnose
Authors: Kriesten Klaus 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSchätzungen zufolge leiden heutzutage weltweit rund zehn Prozent der über 65‐Jährigen und und etwa 25 Prozent der über 85‐Jährigen an der Alzheimer‐Krankheit [4]. Um Alzheimer‐Patienten von normal alternden Menschen unterscheiden zu können, sucht man nicht nur nach den bekannten extrazellulären Amyloid‐Plaques, sondern auch nach intrazellulären Tau‐Protein‐Ablagerungen.
Klaus Paysan
Authors: von See Claudia 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEr ist Naturfotograf, Buchautor — und in Afrika sogar ein Edelmann. Der 73‐jährige Stuttgarter Klaus Paysan hat unzählige Tiere und Pflanzen auf der ganzen Welt fotografiert. Tierfotografen gibt er einen ungewöhnlichen Ratschlag: So wenig wie möglich mit dem Objektiv auf ein Tier zielen.
Inadvertent dilation of a saphenous vein graft stenosis by the PercuSurge GuardWire distal protection balloon
Authors: Sharma Naveen , Kalaria Vijay G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDistal embolization protection devices are fast becoming an integral part of percutaneous vein graft interventions. The distal elastomeric balloon of the PercuSurge GuardWire system is supposed to be atraumatic to the vessel wall. We report the inadvertent dilation of a moderate distal stenosis at the site of GuardWire balloon inflation while intervening on a critical proximal saphenous vein graft stenosis. This case illustrates that plaque compression and potential vessel wall trauma might occur during the inflation of the PercuSurge GuardWire distal protection balloon. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:346–349. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistance to thienopyridines: Clinical detection of coronary stent thrombosis by monitoring of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation
Authors: Barragan Paul , Bouvier Jean‐Louis , Roquebert Pierre‐Olivier , Macaluso Gilles , Commeau Philippe , Comet Bertrand , Lafont Antoine , Camoin Laurence , Walter Ulrich , Eigenthaler Martin 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe carried out a prospective evaluation of a new vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation assay in order to detect patients with high‐risk coronary subacute stent thrombosis (SAT) despite thienopyridine regimen. Twenty healthy donors (group 1) without any medication were compared to 16 stented patients (group 2) treated by ticlopidin or clopidogrel initiated 2 days before stenting and aspirin (250 mg/day). No difference in platelet reactivity was noted between group 1 and group 2 treated only with aspirin (72.00% ± 4.17% vs. 69.73% ± 5.62%, respectively; P = NS). Significant differences were found between patients of group 2 treated with aspirin alone (69.73% ± 5.62%), after 2.0 days (60.14% ± 9.60%; P < 0.05), and after 4.8 ± 1.3 days (48.37% ± 11.19%; P < 0.05) with thienopyridine‐aspirin. Among 1,684 consecutive stented patients, 16 patients who presented an SAT (group 3) were compared with 30 other stented patients free of SAT (group 4). We found a significant difference between group 3 (63.28% ± 9.56%) and group 4 (39.80% ± 10.9%; P < 0.0001). VASP phosphorylation analysis may be useful for the detection of coronary SAT. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:295–302. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous treatment of native coarctation of the aorta combined with patent ductus arteriosus using a covered stent
Authors: Sadiq Masood , Malick Nadeem Hayat , Qureshi Shakeel A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA 19‐year‐old girl with coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus underwent simultaneous treatment of native coarctation and closure of ductus arteriosus using a covered Cheatham‐Platinum stent. This technique may be used as an alternative to other forms of interventional therapy or surgery for this combination of lesions in adolescents and adults. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:387–390. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angioplasty for chronic total occlusion by using tapered‐tip guidewires
Authors: Saito Shigeru , Tanaka Shinji , Hiroe Yoshitaka , Miyashita Yusuke , Takahashi Saeko , Satake Shutaro , Tanaka Kazushi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) is still technically challenging. The use of tapered‐tip guidewires in these lesions may improve the success rate of PCI. In order to avoid the needless radiation exposure or contrast consumption, we have to determine a guideline for the termination of procedures in these lesions. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 182 patients between April 1997 and December 1999 (phase 1) and 80 patients between January and August 2001 (phase 2) who underwent angioplasty for CTO lesions ≥ 3 months. There were no significant differences in clinical or lesion characteristics except the use of tapered‐tip guidewires. Tapered‐tip guidewires were used in 60% of patients in phase 2 period but no patients in phase 1 period. The overall success rate of PCI was improved from 67% in phase 1 to 81% in phase 2 (P = 0.019). In the phase 2 period, the success rate was higher in tapered‐type occlusion (P = 0.002) and shorter length of occlusion (P = 0.004). Total procedure time was 46 ± 17 min and total volume of contrast dye was 180 ± 63 ml. The success rate was higher in patients treated by transradial coronary intervention (TRI) than transfemoral coronary intervention (89% vs. 64%; P = 0.008). The use of tapered‐tip guidewires can improve the success rate of PCI in CTO lesions. The following guideline for the termination of the procedures is reasonable: time from arterial access to successful penetration of a guidewire through occlusion ≤ 30 min; total procedure time ≤ 90 min; and total dye volume ≤ 300 ml. TRI can achieve a high success rate even in CTO lesions provided that the case selection is adequate. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:305–311. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of a 0.014″ pressure‐sensing guidewire to assess renal artery translesional systolic pressure gradients
Authors: Colyer William R. , Cooper Christopher J. , Burket Mark W. , Thomas William J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRenal ischemia due to renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of secondary hypertension and renal insufficiency. Several methods are available to diagnose RAS; however, the identification of clinically significant lesions remains problematic. We measured the translesional systolic pressure gradient (TSPG) with a 4 Fr catheter and a 0.014″ pressure‐sensing guidewire and compared these data to angiographic findings. The TSPG obtained by pressure‐sensing guidewire correlated more strongly with angiographic minimal lumen diameter (r2 = 0.801) than those obtained by 4 Fr catheter (r2 = 0.360). The relationship of TSPG with percent stenosis was not strong, regardless of the method used (r2 = 0.228 with pressure‐sensing guidewire, 0.358 with 4 Fr catheter). Using a 0.014″ pressure‐sensing guidewire is effective for assessing TSPG and provides a more reliable indication of stenosis significance than use of a 4 Fr catheter. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:372–377. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.