bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling, properties, and fabrication of a micromachined thermoelectric generator
Authors: Uebensee Hartmut , Reiche Manfred , Kosina Hans , Xu Xuemei , Leipner Hartmut S. , Brokmann Geert , Schwartz Bernhard , Reinhardt Anna , Ortlepp Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Different electrical and thermoelectric properties of a Si-based thermoelectric generator (TEG) are described based on the Kubo–Greenwood formalism. Temperature and doping dependence, phonon scattering (acoustic and optical phonons), and scattering on impurities are included. Comparisons with experimentally verified data confirm the validity of the model. Experimental studies were carried out on a micromechanically fabricated TEG. Devices were realized using a standard CMOS SOI technology in a lateral geometry. All thermopiles are located on a thin membrane to reduce the heat flow. The thickness of the membrane was adjusted between 20 and 30 µm ensuring also sufficient mechanical stability. Measurements on individual devices confirm the results of the theoretical model. The Seebeck coefficient was calculated and experimentally measured as S = 0.5 mV/K at an acceptor level of 1019 cm−3 at room temperature. The power factor is S2 · σ = 0.0073 W/mK2.
The effect of crystallographic orientation of α-Al2O3 on the wetting behavior and adhesion characteristics of aluminum droplets
Authors: Zhuo Junting , Rui Zhiyuan , Lyu Xin , He Dongyun , Ding Simin , Sun Huaming , Dong Yun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of adhesion of aluminum fluid to the inner wall of the vacuum ladle in the aluminum electrolysis industry, molecular dynamics simulation is performed to research the wetting behavior of Al droplets on the surfaces of the α-Al2O3 substrates C (0001), M (

1

1
ˉ

00

), and R (

1

1
ˉ

02

) at 1073 K. Meanwhile, the adhesion characteristics of the Al droplet are evaluated by the potential of the mean force (PMF) for the separation of the Al droplets from different surfaces of the α-Al2O3 substrate. The results show that the wetting behavior of Al droplets on the α-Al2O3 substrate is influenced by the different crystallographic orientations. The diffusion of Al droplets in the x-o-y plane of the substrate exhibits isotropic. The PMF and the interfacial potential energy reveal that the magnitude of the adhesion work in the solid-liquid separation of Al droplets from α-Al2O3 substrates follows the order C (0001) > R (

1

1
ˉ

02

) > M (

1

1
ˉ

00

). These findings characterize the wetting properties and adhesion behavior of Al droplets on an atomic scale and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of materials for the inner wall of the vacuum ladle.
Source of black bounces in Rastall gravity
Authors: Atazadeh K. , Hadi H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the black bounce solution in Rastall gravity and its potential source field, which can be described as a black hole or wormhole solution depending on certain parameters. We focus on the Bardeen-Type black bounce and Simpson-Visser solution and aim to identify an appropriate source field for these solutions. Our findings suggest that in Rastall gravity, a source for the black bounce solution with non-linear electromagnetic can be found. However, in the presence of a non-linear electromagnetic source, it is impossible to identify an appropriate source for the black bounce solution without a scalar field. We also investigate the energy conditions outside the event horizon for two types of black bounce solutions: Simpson-Visser and Bardeen. We find that these solutions do not satisfy the null energy condition, but we also reveal that Rastall gravity has more flexibility for maintaining some of the energy conditions by selecting an appropriate value for the Rastall parameter γ.
An effective description of Laniakea: impact on cosmology and the local determination of the Hubble constant
Authors: Giani Leonardo , Howlett Cullan , Said Khaled , Davis Tamara , Vagnozzi Sunny 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose an effective model to describe the bias induced on cosmological observables by
Laniakea, the gravitational supercluster hosting the Milky Way, which was defined using peculiar
velocity data from Cosmicflows-4 (CF4). The structure is well described by an ellipsoidal shape
exhibiting triaxial expansion, reasonably approximated by a constant expansion rate along the
principal axes. Our best fits suggest that the ellipsoid, after subtracting the background
expansion, contracts along the two smaller axes and expands along the longest one, predicting an
average expansion of ∼ -1.1 km/s/Mpc. The different expansion rates within
the region, relative to the mean cosmological expansion, induce line-of-sight-dependent
corrections in the computation of luminosity distances. We apply these corrections to two
low-redshift datasets: the Pantheon+ catalog of type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia), and 63 measurements of
Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) of early-type massive galaxies from the MASSIVE survey. We
find corrections on the distances of order ∼ 2-3%, resulting in a shift in the inferred
best-fit values of the Hubble constant H
0 of order ΔH
0
SN Ia ≈ 0.5 km/s/Mpc and ΔH
0
SBF ≈ 1.1 km/s/Mpc,
seemingly worsening the Hubble tension.
Influence of the far non-resonant components of high-n resonant magnetic perturbations on energetic passing ions loss
Authors: Zhang Yao-Ning , He Kai-Yang , Sun You-Wen , Wan Bao-Nian , Wu Xue-Min , Xie Peng-Cheng , Liu Yue-Qiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The influence on the loss of energetic passing ions by the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is investigated through numerical simulations (here, n is the toroidal mode number of the RMP field). Dedicated efforts have been made to uncover how the plasma response modifies the loss fractions and underlying mechanisms. The stochastization of the drift surfaces and the particle loss fractions increase significantly under the response field, in which the resonant component is significantly shielded. In order to better understand how the response field contributes a considerable drift island width, the respective effect of each poloidal component

m

b

on the outermost drift island

m

p

/

n
=
9

/

4

are compared (here,

m

b

and

m

p

are poloidal mode numbers of the RMP components and drift island, respectively). Contrary to the intuition that the components with

m

b

=

m

p

±
1

should dominate the sideband resonance, some of the components which fulfill

|

m

p

−

m

b

|

≫
1

have the dominant contributions under the response field. There are mainly two reasons accounting for this phenomenon, i.e. the drift motion of particles and the enhancement of amplitudes of non-resonant high-m components by the plasma response near the edge due to the resonant field amplification (RFA) effect. The former made it possible for particles to resonate with the far non-resonant components, and the latter significantly enhanced the perturbation field experienced by particles. The above results imply that the RFA effect is more critical than the stochastization of magnetic topology in the fast ion losses under RMP.
Site conditions determine heat and drought induced yield losses in wheat and rye in Germany
Authors: Riedesel Ludwig , Möller Markus , Piepho Hans-Peter , Rentel Dirk , Lichthardt Carolin , Golla Burkhard , Kautz Timo , Feike Til 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Heat and drought are major abiotic stressors threatening cereal yields, but little is known about the spatio-temporal yield effect of these stressors. In this study, we assess genotype (G) × environment (E) × management (M) specific weather-yield relations utilizing spatially explicit weather indices (WIs) and variety trial yield data of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and winter rye (Secale cereale) for all German cereal growing regions and the period 1993–2021. The objectives of this study are to determine the explanatory power of different heat and drought WIs in wheat and rye, to quantify their site-specific yield effects, and to examine the development of stress tolerance from old to new varieties. We use mixed linear models with G × E × M specific covariates as fixed and random factors. We find for both crops that combined heat and drought WIs have the strongest explanatory power during the reproductive phase. Furthermore, our results strongly emphasize the importance of site conditions regarding climate resilience, where poor sites reveal two to three times higher yield losses than sites with high soil quality and high annual precipitation in both crops. Finally, our analysis reveals significantly higher stress-induced absolute yield losses in modern vs. older varieties for both crops, while relative losses also significantly increased in wheat but did not change in rye. Our findings highlight the importance of site conditions and the value of high-yielding locations for global food security. They further underscore the need to integrate site-specific considerations more effectively into agricultural strategies and breeding programs.
An integrated method to develop high temporal Landsat NDVI using free and open-source software (FOSS) GIS application
Authors: Rustanto A. , Booij M.J. , Rahatiningtyas N.S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Landsat image series are long-term times series observing the earth’s surface at a relatively fine spatial resolution of 30 m on the visible and infrared channels, which can be used to monitor vegetation dynamics using band ratios such as NDVI. However, due to cloud cover, having Landsat NDVI at a high temporal resolution is impossible. This is especially found in high-humidity regions such as Indonesia, particularly in the rainy season. Whereas some studies, such as long-term phenological observations and detailed land use/land cover change detection, may require Landsat NDVI with a high temporal resolution. One of the higher temporal resolution images with similar spectral characteristics to Landsat is MODIS, which can be used to fill the gap; however, it may have a coarser spatial resolution. Thus, some methods have been developed to blend Landsat and MODIS images to create images with both Landsat spatial detail and MODIS high temporal resolution. Unfortunately, the blending methods are usually not straightforward, where complex steps are required to find and combine several techniques with advanced computational skills. This study, therefore, aims to develop an integrated method to create high temporal Landsat NDVI using free and open-source software (FOSS) GIS application, which is easily accessible and applicable.
Spatial-temporal dynamics of paddy productivity on the north coast of Java Island, Indonesia based on the principal component analysis of MODIS NDVI anomaly data
Authors: Indriasari N , Roswintiarti O , Kustiyo  , Rasyidy F H , Dewanti R , Indradjad A , Purbantoro B , Rarasati A , Gumelar O , Prabowo Y , Subehi M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Comprehending the dynamics of paddy productivity is imperative for enhancing the efficacy of agricultural land developments. This study provides the application of principal component analysis (PCA) as a method for visualizing the spatial-temporal changes in paddy productivity. The analysis is conducted using the 8-day NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) anomaly data of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data spanning the period from 2000 to 2020. The regencies of Karawang, Subang, and Indramayu on the north coast of Java island are chosen as the study area because of their top rice production areas in Indonesia. The results show that the first leading PCA of the NDVI anomaly is related to the interannual variability of paddy productivity with 3-4 year cycles. The spatial and temporal dynamics of the first mode of eigenvectors and principal component time series can generally be grouped into nine categories. Two important categories to note are category-1 (1 January – 19 March) and category-8 (12 September – 16 December). In category-1, the NDVI anomalies move from north to middle and middle to north areas in Karawang and Subang regencies, respectively. In Indramayu Regency, the NDVI anomalies relatively remain in almost all areas. In contrast, in category-8 the NDVI anomalies move from the middle to northern areas in Karawang, Subang, and Indramayu regencies.
Assessment of Groundwater Recharge and Groundwater Quality in The Upstream of Tondano Watershed, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Rizal , Wilopo Wahyu , Arya Pranantya Pulung 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Raw water need increases along with the development of a region. In terms of quantity and quality, surface water tends to decrease, which causes an increase in groundwater exploitation. For groundwater in the Tondano watershed to be sustainable and meet the required quality standards, it is necessary to know about groundwater recharge and groundwater quality. This study’s objectives are to calculate groundwater recharge using a simplified groundwater balance and to evaluate groundwater quality using physico-chemical parameters. The method used in this study is to estimate groundwater recharge by calculating groundwater balance using data on annual rainfall, annual evapotranspiration, and annual runoff. Meanwhile, for groundwater quality, Physico-chemical properties were measured, including pH, TDS, EC, and temperature, at 21 measurement points, including springs, dug wells, and drilled wells. The results indicate that groundwater recharge calculation shows a positive value of 318.34 mm/year. The measurement of Physico-chemical parameters in the field suggests that the pH value is in the range of 6.1-7.9, the TDS range is 50-200 mg/L, the EC range is 110-400 μs/cm, and the temperature range is 23.4-35.6 °C. The analysis using World Health Organization standards and Ministry of Health standards show that the groundwater quality is suitable for use.
Understanding the effect of TiCl4 treatment at TiO2/Sb2S3 interface on the enhanced performance of Sb2S3 solar cells
Authors: Miranda-Gamboa Ramsés Alejandro , Baron-Jaimes Agustin , Millán-Franco Mario Alejandro , Pérez Obed , Rincon Marina E , Jaramillo-Quintero Oscar Andrés 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The continuous search for low-cost and environment-friendly materials in photovoltaic applications has become a priority, as well as the understanding of the various strategies to boost the photovoltaic performance. In this work, we investigate the effect of TiCl4 treatment on a compact TiO2 layer used as an electron transport material (ETM) in Sb2S3 planar solar cells. After TiCl4 treatment, TiO2 exhibits higher crystallinity, lower density of hydroxyl groups acting as traps, and better surface coverage of the FTO substrate. Although no major structural changes are observed in Sb2S3 films grown on pristine or TiCl4 treated TiO2 films, there are differences in preferential growth of Sb2S3 (hk1) planes, sulfur-enrichment of the chalcogenide film, and superior substrate coverage after the TiCl4 treatment, leading to the decrease of interfacial trap states. The driving force for electron injection in the TiO2/Sb2S3 heterojunction is also favored by the shift on the VB and CB positions of TiCl4 treated TiO2. These findings are in agreement with the improved power conversion efficiency of the planar solar cell FTO/TiO2-Treated/Sb2S3/SbCl3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au.
Electron density analysis of two-electron systems confined by prolate spheroids with hard walls
Authors: Yanajara-Parra Heichi , Corella-Madueño Adalberto , Adrián Duarte-Alcaraz F , Vargas Rubicelia , Garza Jorge 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The electron density of two-electron systems, He and H2, was analyzed when prolate spheroids with hard walls confine these systems. For this purpose, Hartree–Fock equations were solved using Roothaan's approach with a basis set defined in prolate spheroidal coordinates imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions. Total energy, its components, and orbital energies were analyzed for several confinements, and some of these results were compared with those reported by other authors to test the performance of the proposed approach. For both systems, the electron density exhibits a maximum value out of the nuclear region for extreme confinements. The chemical bond for H2 was analyzed through the concepts of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, concluding that the chemical bond of this molecule disappears under extreme conditions. For this system, estimations of the correlation energy indicate that this is a small contribution to the total energy, and the Hartree–Fock method contains the necessary elements to describe the chemical bond for strong confinements.
BINGO: a blind unmixing algorithm for ultra-multiplexing fluorescence images
Authors: Huang Xinyuan , Gao Xiujuan , Fu Ling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Spectral imaging is often used to observe different objects with multiple fluorescent labels to reveal the development of the biological event. As the number of observed objects increases, the spectral overlap between fluorophores becomes more serious, and obtaining a “pure” picture of each fluorophore becomes a major challenge. Here, we propose a blind spectral unmixing algorithm called BINGO (Blind unmixing via SVD-based Initialization Nmf with project Gradient descent and spare cOnstrain), which can extract all kinds of fluorophores more accurately from highly overlapping multichannel data, even if the spectra of the fluorophores are extremely similar or their fluorescence intensity varies greatly.

Results
BINGO can isolate up to 10 fluorophores from spectral imaging data for a single excitation. nine-color living HeLa cells were visualized distinctly with BINGO. It provides an important algorithmic tool for multiplex imaging studies, especially in intravital imaging. BINGO shows great potential in multicolor imaging for biomedical sciences.

Availability and implementation
The source code used for this paper is available with the test data at https://github.com/Xinyuan555/BINGO_unmixing
PACE: randomized, controlled, multicentre, multinational, phase III study of PLX-PAD for critical limb ischaemia in patients unsuitable for revascularization: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Norgren Lars , Weiss Norbert , Nikol Sigrid , Lantis John C , Patel Manesh R , Hinchliffe Robert J , Reinecke Holger , Volk Hans Dieter , Reinke Petra , Fadini Gian Paolo , Ofir Racheli , Rothenstein Daniel , Halevy Nitsan , Karagjozov Mitko , Rundback John H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Revascularization is the primary treatment modality for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI), but is not feasible in all patients. PLX-PAD is an off-the-shelf, placental-derived, mesenchymal stromal cell-like cell therapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether PLX-PAD would increase amputation-free survival in people with CLTI who were not candidates for revascularization.

Methods
People with CLTI and minor tissue loss (Rutherford 5) who were unsuitable for revascularization were entered into a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multinational, blinded, trial, in which PLX-PAD was compared with placebo (2 : 1 randomization), with 30 intramuscular injections (0.5 ml each) into the index leg on days 0 and 60. Planned follow-up was 12–36 months, and included vital status, amputations, lesion size, pain and quality-of-life assessments, haemodynamic parameters, and adverse events.

Results
Of 213 patients enrolled, 143 were randomized to PLX-PAD and 70 to placebo. Demographics and baseline characteristics were balanced. Most patients were Caucasian (96.2%), male (76.1%), and ambulatory (85.9%). Most patients (76.6%) reported at least one adverse event, which were mostly expected events in CLTI, such as skin ulcer or gangrene. The probability of major amputation or death was similar for placebo and PLX-PAD (33 and 28.6% respectively; HR 0.93, 95% c.i. 0.53 to 1.63; P = 0.788). Revascularization and complete wound healing rates were similar in the two groups. A post hoc analysis of a subpopulation of 121 patients with a baseline haemoglobin A1c level below 6.5% showed improved 12-month amputation-free survival (HR 0.46, 0.21 to 0.99; P = 0.048).

Conclusion
Although there was no evidence that PLX-PAD reduced amputation-free survival in the entire study population, benefit was observed in patients without diabetes mellitus or whose diabetes was well controlled; this requires confirmation in further studies. Trial registration: NCT03006770 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov); 2015-005532-18 (EudraCT Clinical Trials register - Search for 2015-005532-18).
Treatment Outcome of Severe Respiratory Type B Tularemia Using Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Widerström Micael , Mörtberg Sara , Magnusson Mattias , Fjällström Peter , Johansson Anders F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Fluoroquinolones lack approval for treatment of tularemia but have been used extensively for milder illness. Here, we evaluated fluoroquinolones for severe illness.

Methods
In an observational study, we identified case-patients with respiratory tularemia from July to November 2010 in Jämtland County, Sweden. We defined severe tularemia by hospitalization for &gt;24 hours and severe bacteremic tularemia by Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica growth in blood or pleural fluid. Clinical data and drug dosing were retrieved from electronic medical records. Chest images were reexamined. We used Kaplan–Meier curves to evaluate time to defervescence and hospital discharge.

Results
Among 67 case-patients (median age, 66 years; 81% males) 30-day mortality was 1.5% (1 of 67). Among 33 hospitalized persons (median age, 71 years; 82% males), 23 had nonbacteremic and 10 had bacteremic severe tularemia. Subpleural round consolidations, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and unilateral pleural fluid were common on chest computed tomography. Among 29 hospitalized persons with complete outcome data, ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin (n = 12), ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin combinations with doxycycline and/or gentamicin (n = 11), or doxycycline as the single drug (n = 6) was used for treatment. One disease relapse occurred with doxycycline treatment. Treatment responses were rapid, with median fever duration 41.0 hours in nonbacteremic and 115.0 hours in bacteremic tularemia. Increased age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index predicted severe bacteremic tularemia (odds ratio, 2.7 per score-point; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–5.41). A 78-year-old male with comorbidities and delayed ciprofloxacin/gentamicin treatment died.

Conclusions
Fluoroquinolone treatment is effective for severe tularemia. Subpleural round consolidations and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were typical findings on computed tomography among case-patients in this study.