bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Loss of Bone Mass on Induced Periodontal Disease: A Radiographic and Densitometric Study of Female Rats
Authors: Orrico Silvana Regina Perez , Gonçalves Daniela , Galeazzi Solange Teresinha , Giro Gabriela , Takayama Lilian , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues 
Published: September 2005

Background: Changes in mineral density in the mandibular and femoral bones (BMD) after estrogen deficiency caused by ovariectomy (OVX) and the influence of these changes on induced periodontal disease were evaluated in female rats.Methods: Forty‐eight female Holtzman rats (90 days old) were randomly divided into five groups: 0: control (N = 9); 1: SHAM without induced periodontal disease (N = 11); 2: SHAM with induced disease (N = 10); 3: OVX without induced disease (N = 9); and 4: OVX with induced disease (N = 9). In groups 2 and 4, the first lower molars were tied with ligatures for 30 days 120 days after surgery. After 5 months the animals were sacri‐ ficed to measure global mineral density (BMD) and that of the sub‐regions of the mandible and femur by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). The extent of vertical bone loss was evaluated with digital radiography by measuring the distance from the bone crest to the cemento‐enamel junction at the mesial of the first lower molar.Results: Results of the femur (Kruskal‐Wallis test) showed a significant difference (P <0.001) between the groups SHAM and OVX in bone density values for all regions. Comparison between the groups in relation to the BMD of the mandible, both in the sub‐regions and global revealed no differences (P >0.05). The vertical bone loss measured for the groups with induced disease was similar (P = 0.713).Conclusions: Differences between the groups were found in the bone mineral density BMD of the femur but not of the mandible. OVX had no influence on induced periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2005;76:1436‐1442.
A Laboratory Model Biofilm Fermenter: Design and Initial Trial on a Single Species Biofilm
Authors: Wirthlin M. Robert , Chen Pengjen Kevin , Hoover Charles I. 
Published: September 2005

Background: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) does not provide information on the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against infections involving biofilms, which are many times more resistant than planktonic forms of bacteria. This report is on the design and initial trial of a device for growing standard biofilms and testing antimicrobial agents.Methods: We constructed a durable, autoclaveable laboratory model biofilm fermenter (LMBF) that holds hydroxyapatite discs 300 µm below a surface onto which an artificial saliva medium drips at a rate comparable to human salivary flow. Inoculated with Streptococcus sanguinis, the device formed biofilms that were swept with a Teflon wiper under aerobic conditions. Five‐day‐old biofilm‐coated discs were aseptically removed and placed in 3 ml of sterile saline, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, or 0.1% phosphatebuffered chlorine dioxide mouthwash for 1 minute. The discs and test agent were immediately diluted with saline to 10 ml, vortexed for 30 seconds, serially diluted, plated on blood agar, and incubated anaerobically 2 days. Bacterial counts were done, and the MIC of each mouthwash was determined.Results: In tests with sterile water and sterile medium, the device maintained a closed system. After inoculation with S. sanguinis, a steady state was reached at day 5. Chlorhexidine at stock concentration achieved about a 2 log10 reduction (P = 0.002), but never achieved complete killing. Chlorine dioxide had no significant effect. The MIC against planktonic S. sanguinis was 112.8 µg/ml for chlorhexidine and 9.0 µg/ml for chlorine dioxide.Conclusions: The LMBF generates and maintains a singlespecies oral model biofilm to a steady state and enables in vitro tests of disinfectant mouthwashes in simulated clinical use. It should be useable for more advanced tests of multiple species biofilms. J Periodontol 2005;76:1443‐1449.
Prevalence of Clinical Attachment Loss in Adolescents in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Collins James , Carpio Ana Maria , Bobadilla Mónica , Reyes Raysa , Gúzman Isabel , Martínez Benjamín , Gamonal Jorge 
Published: September 2005

Background: Data on periodontal conditions in adolescents in the Dominican Republic are scarce. The aim of the present crosssectional study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontal attachment loss among Dominican adolescents. This study did not attempt to classify the disease into aggressive and chronic periodontitis.Methods: A random sample of 2,007 Dominican adolescents was obtained. A probability, weighted sample was selected using a complex, multi‐stage probability sampling design. The study was clustered in 26 schools and 106 classes. The study subjects were clinically examined under field conditions by a single calibrated examiner who measured gingival recession and probing depth at six sites per tooth, with subsequent calculation of clinical periodontal attachment level for each site.Results: The prevalence of clinical attachment loss ≥1 mm was 49.5%, with the prevalence ranging between 48.7% and 50.2%, depending on age and gender. Clinical attachment loss ≥2 mm was found in 15% of the students and attachment loss ≥3 mm in 4.0% of the students. Logistic regression model revealed that only age significantly increased the probability of having clinical attachment loss.Conclusion: We conclude that clinical attachment loss is common in adolescents in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, suggesting the necessity for improved standards of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions. J Periodontol 2005;76: 1450‐1454.
The Relationship Between Interleukin‐10 Gene Polymorphism at Position –1082 and Susceptibility to Gingivitis in Children
Authors: Dashash M. , Blinkhorn A.S. , Hutchinson I.V. , Pravica V. , Drucker D.B. 
Published: September 2005

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐10 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine. The protective role of this cytokine against different diseases has been demonstrated in several studies. However, no such study has been carried out on gingivitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether differences exist between Caucasian children with and without gingivitis in the distribution of IL‐10 alleles at position –1082.Methods: A total of 260 Caucasian children (86 controls, 174 patients), aged 8 to 12 years, from the University Dental Hospital of Manchester, U.K., were examined. Plaque (PI), calculus (CI), gingival (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) indices were used to assess gingival health. DNA was obtained from buccal epithelial cells. Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS‐PCR) was used for genotyping IL‐10 polymorphism. Chi square tests were carried out to test the association between allele and genotype frequencies and the severity of gingivitis. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the role of IL‐10 gene polymorphism at position –1082 while adjusting for potential confounders such as plaque, age, and gender.Results: Gingivitis was present in 67% of the children examined. Frequencies of alleles –1082*A and –1082*G were 45% and 55%, respectively. An increased risk of having gingivitis was found in allele A positive children (G/A, A/A); 75% versus 25% in allele A negative children (G/G); (P = 0.01). The –1082*A allele was significantly more common in children with gingivitis; 49% versus 37% in controls (P = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that allele A remained a risk factor for gingivitis in children (P = 0.03) regardless of plaque or age. Also, allele A positive children were at increased odds of having gingivitis of 1.8 (95% con‐ fidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 3.06) compared to allele A negative children after adjusting for plaque, age, and gender.Conclusion: These data suggest that the –1082*A allele could be a risk factor for gingivitis. J Periodontol 2005;76:1455‐1462.
Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection and Quantification of Bacteria in Periodontal Patients
Authors: Nonnenmacher Claudia , Dalpke Alexander , Rochon Justine , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin , Mutters Reinier , Heeg Klaus 
Published: September 2005

Background: Accurate laboratory tests for the detection and quantification of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque samples of periodontal disease patients are becoming essential to study the pathogenesis of this polymicrobial condition. We used a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister pneumosintes, Campylobacter rectus, and Micromonas micros as well as total eubacteria in subgingival plaque samples from individuals with periodontitis.Methods: Eighty‐three subgingival samples from periodontally diseased patients and 43 samples from periodontally healthy subjects were tested and the results of bacterial quantification were correlated to clinical parameters. Quantification was performed with specific 16S rRNA target sequences with double fluorescence labeled probes and serial dilutions of plasmid standards by real‐time PCR.Results: Results showed that patients as well as healthy subjects were positive for the presence of target periodontopathogens; however, median values were higher in samples from periodontitis subjects. In addition, a positive association was observed between colonization at high levels by P. gingivalis and M. micros and the presence of deep periodontal pockets.Conclusion: Real‐time PCR provides a reliable high‐throughput method for quantification of periodontopathogens and may be useful for understanding the complex etiology observed in periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2005;76:1542‐1549.
Treatment of Gingival Fibromatosis Associated With Zimmermann‐Laband Syndrome
Authors: Holzhausen Marinella , Ribeiro Fernando Salimon , Gonçalves Daniela , Corrêa Fernanda Oliveira Bello , Spolidorio Luís Carlos , Perez Orrico Silvana Regina 
Published: September 2005

Background: Gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition characterized by a generalized enlargement of the buccal and lingual aspects of the attached and marginal gingiva.Methods: This case report describes the periodontal management of a 13‐year‐old female patient with gingival fibromatosis associated with Zimmermann‐Laband syndrome. The patient presented with gingival enlargement involving the maxillary and the mandibular arches, anterior open bite, and non‐erupted teeth. Periodontal treatment included gingivectomy in all four quadrants.Results: Histopathologic evaluation of the excised tissue supported the diagnosis of gingival fibromatosis. A significant improvement in esthetic appearance and eruption of the non‐erupted teeth were obtained. The patient was referred for appropriate orthodontic treatment and has been closely followed for the earliest signs of recurrence of gingival enlargement.Conclusions: The successful therapy for gingival fibromatosis depends on correctly identifying the etiological factors and improving the impaired function and esthetic appearance through surgical intervention and adjunctive orthodontics. Maintaining treatment results depends on preservation of periodontal health. J Periodontol 2005;76:1559‐1562.
Use of a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft to Treat an Area Pigmented With Graphite
Authors: Phillips Gregory E. , John Vanchit 
Published: September 2005

Background: Pigmentations of the oral cavity are commonly noted in clinical practice and may have physiologic, non‐physiologic, or pathologic etiologies. The most common non‐physiologic localized pigmentation is the amalgam tattoo; another, less common, non‐physiologic pigmentation is the graphite tattoo. Graphite tattoos may easily be confused with amalgam tattoos but have only infrequently been reported in the literature.Methods: This case report discusses a patient with a localized pigmented lesion involving the free gingiva, attached gingiva, and alveolar mucosa. The patient was referred for esthetic enhancement of the area in question. Dental history revealed trauma to the area involving falling on a pencil as a child. The lesion was excised and submitted for histologic examination; a subepithelial connective tissue graft was harvested and utilized to prevent an esthetic defect.Results: Histologic evaluation confirmed graphite within the soft tissue as the etiology of the discoloration. At the 2‐month postoperative appointment, a highly esthetic outcome was obtained utilizing a connective tissue graft.Conclusions: Although less common than the amalgam tattoo, the graphite tattoo may be encountered in the course of routine dental examinations and should be included in a differential diagnosis of any localized pigmented lesion. Although histologic evaluation is necessary to rule out pathology, if the dental history is consistent with the clinical impression of a nonpathologic lesion, such as the graphite tattoo in this case report, treatment with an autogenous connective tissue graft at the time of excision can produce a highly esthetic result and avoid additional surgical procedures in the future. J Periodontol 2005;76:1572‐1575.
Mapping the Chinese Science Citation Database in terms of aggregated journal–journal citation relations
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Bihui Jin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMethods developed for mapping the journal structure contained in aggregated journal–journal citations in the Science Citation Index (SCI; Thomson ISI, 2002) are applied to the Chinese Science Citation Database of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This database covered 991 journals in 2001, of which only 37 originally had English titles; only 31 of which were covered by the SCI. Using factor‐analytical and graph‐analytical techniques, the authors show that the journal relations are dually structured. The main structure is the intellectual organization of the journals in journal groups (as in the international SCI), but the university‐based journals provide an institutional layer that orients this structure towards practical ends (e.g., agriculture). This mechanism of integration is further distinguished from the role of general science journals. The Chinese Science Citation Database thus exhibits the characteristics of “Mode 2” or transdisciplinary science in the production of scientific knowledge more than its Western counterpart does. The contexts of application lead to correlation among the components.
Randomized clinical trial of routine preoperative duplex imaging before varicose vein surgery (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 688–694)
Authors: Kent P 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Adsorption of Amyloid β (1–40) Peptide at Phospholipid Monolayers
Authors: Maltseva Elena , Kerth Andreas , Blume Alfred , Möhwald Helmuth , Brezesinski Gerald 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe folding of amyloid β (1–40) peptide into β‐sheet‐containing fibrils is thought to play a causative role in Alzheimer's disease. Because of its amphiphilic character, the peptide can interact with phospholipid membranes. Langmuir monolayers of negatively charged DPPS, DPPG, and DMPG, and also of zwitterionic DPPC and DMPC, have been used to study the influence of the peptide on the lipid packing and, vice versa, the influence of phospholipid monolayers on the peptide secondary structure by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. The peptide adsorbs at the air/water (buffer) interface, and also inserts into uncompressed phospholipid monolayers. When adsorbed at the interface, the peptide adopts a β‐sheet conformation, with the long axis of these β‐sheets oriented almost parallel to the surface. If the lipid exhibits a condensed monolayer phase, then compression of the complex monolayer with the inserted peptide leads to the squeezing out of the peptide at higher surface pressures (above 30 mN m−1). The peptide desorbs completely from zwitterionic monolayers and negatively charged DPPG and DPPS monolayers on buffer, but remains adsorbed in the β‐sheet conformation at negatively charged monolayers on water. This can be explained in terms of electrostatic interactions with the lipid head groups. It also remains adsorbed at, or penetrating into, disordered anionic monolayers on buffer. Additionally, the peptide does not influence the condensed monolayer structure at physiological pH and modest ionic strength.
Intramolecular Interactions in the Triplet Excited States of Benzophenone–Thymine Dyads
Authors: Belmadoui Noureddine , Encinas Susana , Climent Maria J. , Gil Salvador , Miranda Miguel A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTime‐resolved and product studies on the synthesized dyads 1 and 2 have provided evidence that the benzophenone‐to‐thymine orientation strongly influences intramolecular photophysical and photochemical processes. The prevailing reaction mechanism has been established as a Paterno–Büchi cycloaddition to give oxetanes 3–6; however, the ability of benzophenone to achieve a formal hydrogen abstraction from the methyl group of thymidine has also been evidenced by the formation of photoproducts 7 and 8. These processes have been observed only in the case of the cisoid dyad 1. Adiabatic photochemical cycloreversion of the oxetane ring is achieved upon direct photolysis to give the starting dyad 1 in its excited triplet state. The photobiological implications of the above results are discussed with respect to benzophenone‐photosensitized damage of thymidine.
Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Pyrene–Bodipy Molecular Dyads and Triads
Authors: Ziessel Raymond , Goze Christine , Ulrich Gilles , Césario Michèle , Retailleau Pascal , Harriman Anthony , Rostron James P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMolecules bearing a 4,4‐difluoro‐8‐(aryl)‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐2,6‐diethyl‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (bodipy) core and 1‐pyrenyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐(1‐ethynylpyrene), or 1‐phenyl‐4‐[1‐ethynyl‐(6‐ethynylpyrene)pyrene] units were constructed in a step‐by‐step procedure based on palladium(0)‐promoted cross‐coupling reactions with the required preconstructed modules. X‐ray structures of single crystals reveal a twisted arrangement of the two chromophores. In one case, an almost perfect orthogonal arrangement is found. These dyes are strongly luminescent in solution and display rich electrochemistry in which all redox processes of the bodipy and pyrene fragments are clearly resolved. The absorption spectra indicate that the bodipy and pyrene chromophores are spectrally isolated, thereby inducing a large “virtual” Stokes shift. The latter is realised by efficient transfer of intramolecular excitation energy by the Förster dipole–dipole mechanism. The rate of energy transfer depends on the structure of the dual‐dye system and decreases as the centre‐to‐centre separation increases. The energy transfer efficiency, however, exceeds 90 % in all cases. The linkage of two pyrene residues by an ethyne group leads to a decrease in the energy‐transfer efficiency, with the two polycycles acting as a single chromophore. The directly linked bodipy–pyrene dual dye binds to DNA and operates as an efficient solar concentrator when dispersed in plastic.
Consistent organization of glomeruli in the antennal lobes of related species of heliothine moths
Authors: Skiri Hanne Therese , Rø Helge , Berg Bente G. , Mustaparta Hanna 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe glomeruli of the antennal lobes in insects reflect the organization of the olfactory system, which is important for species‐specific behaviors in response to insect‐ and plant‐produced odorants. We studied the antennal lobes of the polyphagous moth Helicoverpa armigera and the oligophagous H. assulta (Heliothinae; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in order to see whether there are any anatomical differences that might elucidate how information about odorants is analyzed. Three‐dimensional models of the antennal lobes were made, based on synaptic antibody staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. These showed 65 glomeruli in each sex of H. armigera and 66 glomeruli in females of H. assulta. Sixty‐two of the glomeruli were identified in both sexes and species and were given the same numbers. The sex‐specific glomeruli included three macroglomerular units in H. armigera males, as well as three and four female‐specific glomeruli in H. armigera and H. assulta, respectively. The species specificity of H. assulta females also appeared by the particular large size of two ordinary glomeruli. The accumulating knowledge on how biologically relevant information is encoded in receptor and antennal lobe neurons in heliothines makes these moths particularly interesting for studying the functional organization of the glomeruli. The anatomical atlases of the antennal lobes, as presented here, are prerequisites for identifying glomeruli ascribed to particular functions across sexes and species. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:367–380, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereological estimation of the number of neurons in the human amygdaloid complex
Authors: Schumann Cynthia Mills , Amaral David G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPathological changes in neuronal density in the amygdaloid complex have been associated with various neurological disorders. However, due to variable shrinkage during tissue processing, the only way to determine changes in neuron number unambiguously is to estimate absolute counts, rather than neuronal density. As the first stage in evaluating potential neuropathology of the amygdala in autism, the total number of neurons was estimated in the control human amygdaloid complex by using stereological sampling. The intact amygdaloid complex from one hemisphere of 10 brains was frozen and sectioned. One 100‐μm section was selected every 500 μm and stained by the standard Nissl method. The entire amygdaloid complex was outlined and then further partitioned into five reliably defined subdivisions: 1) the lateral nucleus, 2) the basal nucleus, 3) the accessory basal nucleus, 4) the central nucleus, and 5) the remaining nuclei (including anterior cortical, anterior amygdaloid area, periamygdaloid cortex, medial, posterior cortical, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, amygdalohippocampal area, and intercalated nuclei). The number of neurons was measured by using an optical fractionator with Stereoinvestigator software. The mean number of neurons (× 106) for each region was as follows: lateral nucleus 4.00, basal nucleus 3.24, accessory basal nucleus 1.28, central nucleus 0.36, remaining nuclei 3.33, and total amygdaloid complex 12.21. The stereological assessment of neuron number in the human amygdala provides an essential baseline for comparison of patient populations, such as autism, in which the amygdala may develop abnormally. To facilitate these types of analyses, this paper provides a detailed anatomical description of the methods used to define subdivisions of the human amygdaloid complex. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:320–329, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.