bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtomographic imaging of a polarisation sensitive phase pattern localised in phase space
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Saxena Sheenam , Singh Mandip 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA transparent polarisation-sensitive phase pattern changes the phase of transmitted light without absorption, whereas this change of phase depends on the polarisation of incident light. A position-localised polarisation-dependent phase pattern is imprinted onto the phase-space of atoms by using atomic state dependent velocity-selective hole burning. A phase-space localised pattern is a higher dimensional generalisation of patterns localised in the position-space. Such a pattern cannot be imaged with a lens. The imprinted pattern is localised in a unique three-dimensional subspace of the six-dimensional phase-space of atoms. The phase-space localised pattern transforms the polarisation of light transmitting through it. This pattern is tomographically imaged at room temperature by measuring the intensity of the transmitted imaging laser beam of variable frequency with a camera after its polarisation analysis. Two sub-tomographs of the imprinted phase-space localised pattern are constructed. This paper presents a concept and experiment of imprinting and imaging of a polarisation-sensitive phase pattern localised in the phase-space.
Diversity of chemical composition and nutritional value in grain from selected winter wheat cultivars grown in south-western Poland
Authors: Szuba-Trznadel Anna , Gałka Bernard , Kamińska Joanna , Jama-Rodzeńska Anna , Król Zygmunt , Jarki Daniel , Fuchs Bogusław 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiven the low protein coverage by legumes in Poland, alternatives (with high protein content and high nutritional value) are being sought (with high protein content and high nutritional value of protein) that could replace these plants. Cereal cultivation dominates in Poland; hence, the search for high-value plants will also consider this group of plants. The aim of the study was to compare the nutritional value of proteins from two wheat cultivars. A field experiment conducted in Zawidowice in south-western Poland in 2019 investigated the nutritional values of two winter wheat cultivars: Aurelius and Activus. These two cultivars were compared in terms of their chemical composition, the biological value of their proteins for animal nutrition, and the content of macro- and microelements. Significant differences in chemical composition were found between the tested wheat cultivars. In terms of the chemical composition, i.e. the content of protein, fiber and ash, the Activus cultivar was characterized by significantly better parameters. This cultivar also had significantly higher gross energy. In turn, a significantly higher content of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine, cysteine, tryptophan, histidine, leucine, ioleucine, and valine, was found in the Aurelius cultivar; therefore, the indicators determining the biological value of the protein are more favorable in the Aurelius cultivars. Meanwhile, in terms of selected macro- and microelements the Auerlius cultivar was more valuable. Varietal progress is necessary to obtain cultivars with the essential nutrients needed by animals to satisfy their dietary requirements.
Analysis of age-specified and genotype distribution of HPV multiple infections in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhou Yu-Xia , Ma Xiao-Hui , Wang Ting-Ting , Qu Xiao-Li , Zhang Xiao-Qian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultiple infections are a key component of HPV pathogenesis and have a direct impact on how an infection turns out. It’s crucial to look at the associations between HPV multiple infections and both age and HPV genotypes in the Chinese population, searching for the causative factors of multiple infections with a view to providing new ideas for the treatment and prevention of multiple infections. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data of HPV infections among outpatients from the 2019 year to the 2021 year of Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Analyzed the correlation between HPV multiple infections and age using logistic regression. Differences in the percentage of multiple infections between age groups were compared using the chi-square test. The chi-square test compared the differences in the distribution of 15 common HPV genotypes in mono- versus multiple infections. A two-dimensional matrix presented the frequency of HPV genotype combinations. Logistics regression analysis showed that age was significantly associated with the occurrence of multiple infections, with a dominance ratio OR 1.026 (95% CI 1.02–1.04). Interestingly, the proportion of HPV multiple infections among HPV-positive individuals increases with age in people older than 30 years of age. The chi-square test showed there was a difference in the distribution of HPV genotypes between multiple infections and mono- HPV infection (χ2 = 76.4; p = 0.000), a difference in the composition of HPV genotypes for dual versus single infections (χ2 = 90.6; p = 0.000) and a difference in HPV genotypes for triple versus single infections (χ2 = 56.7; p = 0.000). A 2 × 2 matrix showed that the combination of HPV52/HPV58 (30; 6.4%) was the combination of the highest frequency of infection for dual infections; The HPV52/HPV58 (21; 4.8%) combination was the highest frequency of HPV triple infection combination. HPV multiple infections were positively correlated with age; increasing age was positively correlated with the proportion of HPV multiple infections in the total infected population; the distribution of the 15 common genotypes of HPV differed between multiple infections and single infections; and HPV52:58 was a common type of infection combination in the Shandong population.
Bleeding Risk Prediction in Patients Treated with Antithrombotic Drugs According to the Anatomic Site of Bleeding, Indication for Treatment, and Time Since Treatment Initiation
Authors: Bhagirath Vinai , Kovalova Tanya , Wang Jia , Xu Lizhen , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , O'Donnell Martin , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Bosch Jackie , Coppolecchia Rosa , Vaitsiakhovich Tatsiana , Kleinjung Frank , Mundl Hardi , Eikelboom John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Reasons for the relatively poor performance of bleeding prediction models are not well understood but may relate to differences in predictors for various anatomical sites of bleeding.
Methods We pooled individual participant data from four randomized controlled trials of antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary and peripheral artery diseases, embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), or atrial fibrillation. We examined discrimination and calibration of models for any major bleeding, major gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), according to the time since initiation of antithrombotic therapy, and indication for antithrombotic therapy.
Results Of 57,813 patients included, 1,948 (3.37%) experienced major bleeding, including 717 (1.24%) major GI bleeding and 274 (0.47%) ICH. The model derived to predict major bleeding at 1 year from any site (c-index, 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.71) performed similarly when applied to predict major GI bleeding (0.71, 0.69–0.74), but less well to predict ICH (0.64, 0.61–0.69). Models derived to predict GI bleeding (0.75, 0.74–0.78) and ICH (0.72, 0.70–0.79) performed better than the general major bleeding model. Discrimination declined over time since the initiation of antithrombotic treatment, stabilizing at approximately 2 years for any major bleeding and major GI bleeding and 1 year for ICH. Discrimination was best for the model predicting ICH in the ESUS population (0.82, 0.78–0.92) and worst for the model predicting any major bleeding in the coronary and peripheral artery disease population (0.66, 0.65–0.69).
Conclusion Performance of risk prediction models for major bleeding is affected by site of bleeding, time since initiation of antithrombotic therapy, and indication for antithrombotic therapy.
The Utility of Routinely Performing a Short-Interval Cholecystogram following Cholecystostomy Tube Placement
Authors: Geisler Jospeh , Amarneh Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of routinely performing short-interval cholecystogram (SIC) following percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement and to identify predictive factors for early PCT dislodgment.
Materials and Methods We conducted retrospective review of 224 adult patients who underwent PCT placement for acute cholecystitis at a single tertiary care medical center. SIC was defined as occurring at least 1 day after PCT placement and prior to the patient being discharged from the hospital. Early PCT dislodgment was defined as occurring within 2 months of placement.
Results Among 224 patients, 181 (80%) patients underwent SIC on average 3 days after PCT. Of these, 175 (97%) had PCT appropriately positioned, while 6 (3%) showed tube malposition outside the gallbladder. Patients who underwent a SIC demonstrated a similar rate of early tube dislodgment compared to those discharged without this procedure (12.6 vs. 14.3%, p = 0.81). Notably, patients with a body mass index exceeding 40 kg/m2 had a higher likelihood of early cholecystostomy tube dislodgment (29 vs. 14%, p = 0.038).
Conclusion Routinely performing a SIC following PCT may offer limited benefit. We recommend selectively performing this study on patients with clinically suspected tube dislodgement.
Snapshot volumetric imaging using rainbow-sheet illumination
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Yuan Hang , Zhang Pengfei , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2024

Traditional lens-based three-dimensional imaging methods struggle with speed, spatial resolution, field of view, and depth of field (DOF). Here, we propose a volumetric imaging method that combines rainbow-sheet illumination, chromatic-aberration-induced DOF extension, and compressive hyperspectral imaging to optically section transparent objects over 200 depth slices in a single snapshot. A proof-of-concept mesoscopic system with a lateral resolution of 12.7 line pairs per millimeter and a depth resolution of roughly 140 μm in a volume of 10 × 10 × 10 mm3 is constructed. The practicality of the suggested method is demonstrated by dynamic volumetric imaging of a transparent jellyfish at a rate of 15 volumes per second.
Developing a Formal Animal-Assisted Therapy Program Across Disciplines at a Preschool with Welfare Considerations for Canine Participants
Authors: Winsor Katrina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is becoming more common in school settings. When structured properly, there can be many benefits for student participants. However, a program should not be considered successful if it does not also carefully consider the welfare of the animal participants. To truly consider this perspective, there should be proper training for staff prior to seeking to incorporate AAT to ensure proper competency. Sessions should also be carefully and thoughtfully structured in ways that ensure that the welfare of the animal participants is prioritized. Each environment should also be carefully considered from the perspective of not only the goals to be accomplished via AAT but also from the perspective of the animal. This should include ways to avoid overworking the animal and balancing out their schedule with time for them to relax and recharge. Applying all of these factors together can provide a program with a holistic perspective to enhance the human-animal bond and be mutually beneficial and fulfilling.

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Impacts of Capital Investment in Tourism Infrastructure: The Case of the Kuélap’s Cable Car System
Authors: Medina Cecilia Rivas , Osorio Sandra Cherro 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Located in the north of Peru, the Archaeological Complex of Kuélap – an ancient fortress nestled in the cloud forest – is considered a significant cultural resource representative of one of the country’s most important pre-Inca cultures: the Chachapoyas. While being a main destination on the north-eastern tourism circuit, this site required considerable development in order to attract tourism to the area. This case study investigates the relationship between capital investment in tourism infrastructure and improvements to tourism services. A combination of public and private partnerships allowed for the improvement of accessibility and tourism information facilities. The implementation of a cable car system to the fortress, the first of its kind in the country, has significantly reduced the trip distance from 2 h of hiking down to 20 min. The inclusion of signposting, infography and resting areas has also contributed to tourism satisfaction. Furthermore, through the development of community-based products and services, the local population is expected to benefit from the increase in visitation. As a result of these developments, tourist numbers showed a positive increase, contributing to the local economy. This case study examines current impacts and provides an analysis of other factors related to the management of heritage sites and their implications in the long term.

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© The Authors 2024
Fiscal Incentives for Hotels in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Garcia Carolina I. , Pforr Christof , Volgger Michael 
Published: February 2024

Summary
This case study focuses on the Hotel Sector Promotion Scheme, a programme implemented in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, for the period 2019–2023. The scheme provides fiscal incentives in the form of tax credits for developing and improving hotel infrastructure in the city. To explore this case, we use secondary data from the City Legislature and media outlets specialising in tourism, as well as primary data from interviews with tourism stakeholders. By reviewing the programme and its particularities, this contribution sheds light on the interface between policy making, evidence use and partnerships.

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National Parks and Landscape Commodification: New Challenges for Nature-based Tourism in Patagonia
Authors: Landini Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Some of the most important tourism destinations in North Patagonia are located inside or adjacent to National Parks, especially around a circuit known as the Lakes Corridor that runs along the Andes through more than 600 km. Even though the main attractions are in the protected areas, accommodation and other services are provided in the towns or cities nearby. As a result of the intensification of tourism and recent inward migrations, the region has experienced urban growth and the emergence or increase of social disputes around land use, environmental issues, and local residential needs. In this case study, we analyze this process, focusing on destinations from the Lakes Corridor and paying special attention to the COVID-19 pandemic effects. The main objective is to understand the characteristics, actors involved, and tensions that emerge in urban development related to this specific kind of tourism based on the positive valorization of nature. This case study is part of an investigation regarding the configuration of tourist landscapes in North Patagonia. Methodologically, it involves the construction of data through observation and interviews, as well as qualitative analysis of different sources, like promotion material and public documentation regarding territorial planning.

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Evolution and spread of multiadapted pathogens in a spatially heterogeneous environment
Authors: Griette Quentin , Alfaro Matthieu , Raoul Gaël , Gandon Sylvain 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pathogen adaptation to multiple selective pressures challenges our ability to control their spread. Here we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens spreading in a heterogeneous host population where selection varies periodically in space. We study both the transient dynamics taking place at the front of the epidemic and the long-term evolution far behind the front. We identify five types of epidemic profiles arising for different levels of spatial heterogeneity and different costs of adaptation. In particular, we identify the conditions where a generalist pathogen carrying multiple adaptations can outrace a coalition of specialist pathogens. We also show that finite host populations promote the spread of generalist pathogens because demographic stochasticity enhances the extinction of locally maladapted pathogens. But higher mutation rates between genotypes can rescue the coalition of specialists and speed up the spread of epidemics for intermediate levels of spatial heterogeneity. Our work provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between migration, local selection, mutation, and genetic drift on the spread and on the evolution of pathogens in heterogeneous environments. This work extends our fundamental understanding of the outcome of the competition between two specialists and a generalist strategy (single- vs. multiadapted pathogens). These results have practical implications for the design of more durable control strategies against multiadapted pathogens in agriculture and in public health.
Contrasting academic approaches to COVID-19 vaccine production and distribution: What can the Oxford and Texas experiences teach us about pandemic response?
Authors: Contreras Jorge L , Shadlen Kenneth C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article contrasts the different approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development adopted by Oxford University, on one hand, and Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (collectively, Texas), on the other hand. Texas was praised widely in the press and academic literature for adopting an “open source” approach to vaccine development. Oxford, however, chose to license its vaccine technology to pharmaceutical manufacturer AstraZeneca and received significant public criticism as a result. Yet the Oxford vaccine reached far more individuals in developing countries than the Texas vaccine. We compare the two vaccines' experiences, drawing attention to a constellation of interrelated elements that contribute to a successful vaccine production program, including not only IP licensing, but also timing, technology transfer, and resource mobilization, all in the context of the prevailing funding environments. This comparative analysis sheds light on how the innovation ecosystem functioned during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing useful insights for policy makers and advocates as they prepare for future pandemics and other global health challenges.
Antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and epidemiological data of gonorrhoea patients in five cities across Ethiopia, 2021–22
Authors: Birhanu Muluken , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku , Schröder Daniel , Mihret Adane , Abebe Tamrat , Jacobsson Susanne , Tasew Geremew , Addis Tesfa , Abdeta Abera , Alem Yonas , Desalegn Zelealem , Ademe Muluneh , Teka Birhanu , Yohannes Meron , Yigeremus Mahlet , Golparian Daniel , Gebre-Selassie Solomon , Unemo Magnus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global public health concern and enhanced global gonococcal AMR surveillance is imperative. As in many African countries, regular, representative and quality-assured gonococcal AMR is lacking in Ethiopia. We describe the AMR in gonococcal isolates from five cities across Ethiopia, 2021–22, and patient epidemiological data.

Methods
Urethral discharge from males and cervical discharge from females were collected from October 2021 to September 2022. Epidemiological data were collected using a questionnaire. MIC determination (ETEST; eight antimicrobials) was performed on gonococcal isolates and EUCAST breakpoints (v13.1) were used.

Results
From 1142 urogenital swab samples, 299 species-identified gonococcal isolates were identified; 78.3% were from males and 21.7% from females. The median age for males and females was 25 and 23 years, respectively. Most isolates (61.2%) were identified in Addis Ababa, followed by Gondar (11.4%), Adama (10.4%), Bahir Dar (10.0%) and Jimma (7.0%). The resistance level to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and benzylpenicillin was 97.0%, 97.0% and 87.6%, respectively, and 87.6% of isolates were producing β-lactamase. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and spectinomycin. Recommended therapy [ceftriaxone (250 mg) plus azithromycin (1 g)] was used for 84.2% of patients.

Conclusions
We present the first national quality-assured gonococcal AMR data from Ethiopia. Resistance levels to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and benzylpenicillin were exceedingly high. However, all isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and spectinomycin. In Ethiopia, it is essential to strengthen the gonococcal AMR surveillance by including further epidemiological data, more isolates from different cities, and WGS.
Not Carfentanil—A Case of Unexpected Xylazine Detection
Authors: Zheng Jasper X , Randall Shelby , Grimsrud Kristin , Bainbridge Scott , Tran Nam K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Historically, xylazine has been utilized in veterinary medicine for decades as an anesthetic and analgesic sedative to facilitate safe handling, diagnostic testing, and surgical procedures in large animals. Currently, xylazine is an emerging threat to human health. It has been detected in the illicit drug supply chain, often as an adulterant. It has been more commonly added to illicit substances, most notably fentanyl, by drugmakers to enhance drug effect. End users are often unaware of its presence. This is alarming given the large number of xylazine-involved overdose deaths while laboratory detections are deficient and reversal agents are absent. Herein, we present the first documented case of xylazine identified via gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry at University of California Davis Health despite a peculiarly mild clinical presentation. We hope to increase awareness of this potentially fatal adulterant that is often missed in evaluation and engender further opportunities to study this ongoing issue.
Evaluation of Sensitive Analytes to Hemolysis Interference on an Automated Chemistry Analyzer
Authors: Marakankadavu Parambu Marfas , Bush Valerie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Hemolysis is a common reason for specimen rejection in the laboratory. Our experience suggested that hemolysis (H) flag limits are too strict for some analytes leading to unnecessary specimen rejections. This study summarizes H flags for commonly rejected analytes on the Beckman Coulter DxC 700 AU analyzer.

Methods
We evaluated analytes with low-limit H flags and high rejection rates. These included: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), iron (IRN), potassium (K), direct bilirubin (DBIL), magnesium (Mg), amylase (AMY), sodium (Na), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), phosphorus (PHOS), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Five patient plasma pools without hemolysis were made from 50 patient specimens. Neat pools were analyzed to establish baseline analyte concentrations. A hemolysate was created by diluting whole blood with distilled water. Each analyte was tested after spiking each pool with the hemolysate to specific hemoglobin concentrations corresponding to manufacturer’s H flags. Percent differences were calculated between baseline pool means and each flag’s pool mean. Acceptance limits were based upon the average of the 2019 CLIA and the method precision limits. Calculated percent differences greater than the acceptance limits were considered significant.

Results
Manufacturer-defined hemolysis flags can be updated to greater than 1+ for Na, K, and AST, greater than 3+ for ALKP, and greater than 4+ for AMY and Mg. No changes were noted for the remaining analytes.

Conclusions
The hemolysis criteria set for ALKP, AMY, AST, Mg, K, and Na were updated in the Remisol Advance middleware, which led to a 56% reduction in rejected hemolyzed specimens.