bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Study of Biological Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Cervical Cancer
Authors: V A Marquez-Lemus  , B M Noguez-Juarez  , L Solano-Rodriguez  , A J Perez-Zapata  , O P Schneider-Ehrenberg  , F Graue-wiechers  , E Ramón-Gallegos  
Published: September 2005

In 1999, Ramon et al examined the effects of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) on two cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and CaLo) and normal cervical cells. The results reported additionally support the proposal that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) could be an effective tool for treatment of cervical cancer (CeCa) by protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation. This cancer is in México considered a problem of public health.
In this project PDT was applied in a CeCa mouse model by implantation of HeLa cells in nu/nu mice, exposing it to δ-ALA to a dose that induces the greater concentration of PpIX by intratumoral and oral route, as well as the power and the number of optimal irradiations at 630 nm with a diode laser; verifying which of the used doses does not produce significant damage to the organs by means of histopatologic techniques: liver, spleen, brain and kidney, the determination of reactive substances to tiobarbituric acid (TBAR'S) and measured the amount of residual δ-ALA, the size of the tumor at the beginning and at the end of the application of the PDT.
Results. The cervical cancer mouse model is developed by implantation of 1,5 million HeLa cells, appearing at 15 days. The dose of δ-ALA that induces the greater concentration of PpIX in the tumor by intratumoral route was 40 mg of δ-ALA/kg body weight and for oral route it was 20 mg of δ-ALA/kg body weight, both routes did not present significant damage in the organs and according to the Analysis of Bifactorial Variance for the doses of δ-ALA and the organs no difference exists (p > 0.05).
The power of the used laser was 150 J/cm2 and 250 J/cm2, both applied by intratumoral and oral route after the δ-ALA administration. The greater diminution in the size of the tumor (53%) was by the δ-ALA oral route administration to a power of 150 J/cm2 with 5 irradiations in intervals of 48 h.
Redox Equilibria of Cytochrome C3 Immobilised on Self-Assembled Monolayers Coated Silver Electrodes
Authors: R E Di Paolo  , L Rivas  , D Murgida  , P Hildebrandt  
Published: September 2005

Cytochromes c3 are soluble electron transfer proteins in the periplasm of sulphate-reducing bacteria. They act as electron-proton couplers between hydrogenase and the electron transfer chain of sulphate respiration. In this work, cytochrome c3 (Cyt-c3) obtained from both Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas, is electrostatically adsorbed on Ag electrodes coated with self-assembled monolayers of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The redox equilibria of the adsorbed tetraheme protein are studied by surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS).
The quantitative analysis of the SERR spectra, which were measured as a function of the electrode potential, allows determining the redox potentials for the individual hemes of Cyt-c3. The values obtained of the redox potentials are compared with the data provided by NMR experiments and by molecular dynamics simulation studies of the electrostatically bound protein on a coated electrode. It is found that immobilisation causes substantial shifts of the redox potential, which would have an impact on the intramolecular electron flow.
Evaluation of Stripping in Bituminous Mixtures Using Conventional and Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Obaidat MT , Abo-Qudais S , Obaidat AF 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the stripping problem in bituminous mixtures using both conventional and image processing techniques (IPT). Partial factorial combinations of asphalt mixture slabs were fabricated. A Marshall mold was modified to produce slabs of 300 mm × 300 mm × 60 mm. The mixtures were prepared using different combinations: two types of aggregates (limestone and valley gravel), two asphalt penetration grades (80/100 and 60/70), three types of additives (lime, cement, and a mixture of lime and cement), and one aggregate gradation (average of ASTM boundaries). The slabs were exposed to one of four environmental conditioning techniques: wet-dry (W-D), freezing-thawing (F-T), water immersion (I), and surface bonding (S-B). Eighty-one slabs were prepared, 19 were tested without conditioning (control slabs), and the rest were exposed to different weathering conditioning. Four cores were prepared from each slab, two for the indirect tensile strength test and the others for the Marshall stability test.
A normal-based camera was used to map the surfaces of the control and conditioned slabs as well as cross-sections generated from cores tested under the indirect tensile strength test. The Silicon Video Image Processing (SVIP) software was used to digitize images for the surfaces of slabs and cores. Images were analyzed to prepare statistical parameters, intensity diagrams, and histograms for intensities based on two approaches: area-based analysis and line-based analysis.
Results of the analysis indicated that 1) conventional and image processing techniques proved that surface bonding increased stability and tensile strength for conditioned slabs more than for unconditioned slabs; 2) IPT predicted stripping in limestone mixtures with AC 80/100 using the retained intensity concept and this result agreed with that of retained Marshall stability (RMS); however, it did not consistently predict the stripping potential of mixtures consisting of valley gravel due to the tone intensity effect of aggregate; 3) lime additive demonstrated the best indirect tensile strength and Marshall stability; however, the additive mix consisting of lime and cement exhibited reduction in water damage for mixtures with AC 60/70; 4) slab mixtures resisted weather conditioning more than conventional cylindrical Marshall specimens; and 5) an area-based analysis scheme using peaks, not averages of intensities, was more reliable in predicting stripping than the line-based analysis, and it was more reliable for core cross-sections than slab surfaces.
Solubility product of plutonium hydrous oxide and its ionic strength dependence
Authors: Fujiwara K. , Yamana Hajimu , Fujii T. , Moriyama Hirotake 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe solubility of PuO2·xH2O was measured at 25°C in a NaClO4solution containing Na2S2O4as a reductant. The experiment was carried out by an oversaturation method atI= 1.0 and by an undersaturation method atI= 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. The concentration of Pu3+was measured by α-spectrometry and UV/Visible spectrophotometry, and the equilibrium constant of the reaction, PuO2·xH2O + e−= Pu3++ 4 OH−+ (x–2) H2O, was obtained. From the obtained results, the solubility product (Ksp) of PuO2·xH2O, for PuO2·xH2O = Pu4++ 4 OH−+ (x − 2) H2O atI= 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 was determined. By using the specific interaction theory (SIT), the solubility product of PuO2·xH2O at the standard state (I= 0) was determined to be logK°sp= −57.97 ± 0.24, and the ion interaction coefficient ε(Pu4+, ClO4-) was also evaluated to be 0.99 ± 0.20.
Molecular Characterization of the Major Wheat Domestication Gene Q
Authors: Simons Kristin J , Fellers John P , Trick Harold N , Zhang Zengcui , Tai Yin-Shan , Gill Bikram S , Faris Justin D 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The Q gene is largely responsible for the widespread cultivation of wheat because it confers the free-threshing character. It also pleiotropically influences many other domestication-related traits such as glume shape and tenacity, rachis fragility, spike length, plant height, and spike emergence time. We isolated the Q gene and verified its identity by analysis of knockout mutants and transformation. The Q gene has a high degree of similarity to members of the AP2 family of transcription factors. The Q allele is more abundantly transcribed than q, and the two alleles differ for a single amino acid. An isoleucine at position 329 in the Q protein leads to an abundance of homodimer formation in yeast cells, whereas a valine in the q protein appears to limit homodimer formation. Ectopic expression analysis allowed us to observe both silencing and overexpression effects of Q. Rachis fragility, glume shape, and glume tenacity mimicked the q phenotype in transgenic plants exhibiting post-transcriptional silencing of the transgene and the endogenous Q gene. Variation in spike compactness and plant height were associated with the level of transgene transcription due to the dosage effects of Q. The q allele is the more primitive, and the mutation that gave rise to Q occurred only once leading to the world's cultivated wheats.
The Paternal Gene of the DDK Syndrome Maps to the Schlafen Gene Cluster on Mouse Chromosome 11
Authors: Bell Timothy A , de la Casa-Esperón Elena , Doherty Heather E , Ideraabdullah Folami , Kim Kuikwon , Wang Yunfei , Lange Leslie A , Wilhemsen Kirk , Lange Ethan M , Sapienza Carmen , de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The DDK syndrome is an early embryonic lethal phenotype observed in crosses between females of the DDK inbred mouse strain and many non-DDK males. Lethality results from an incompatibility between a maternal DDK factor and a non-DDK paternal gene, both of which have been mapped to the Ovum mutant (Om) locus on mouse chromosome 11. Here we define a 465-kb candidate interval for the paternal gene by recombinant progeny testing. To further refine the candidate interval we determined whether males from 17 classical and wild-derived inbred strains are interfertile with DDK females. We conclude that the incompatible paternal allele arose in the Mus musculus domesticus lineage and that incompatible strains should share a common haplotype spanning the paternal gene. We tested for association between paternal allele compatibility/incompatibility and 167 genetic variants located in the candidate interval. Two diallelic SNPs, located in the Schlafen gene cluster, are completely predictive of the polar-lethal phenotype. These SNPs also predict the compatible or incompatible status of males of five additional strains.
Post-transcriptional Silencing and Functional Characterization of theDrosophila melanogasterHomolog of HumanSurf1
Authors: Zordan Mauro A , Cisotto Paola , Benna Clara , Agostino Alessandro , Rizzo Giorgia , Piccin Alberto , Pegoraro Mirko , Sandrelli Federica , Perini Giuliana , Tognon Giuseppe , De Caro Raffaele , Peron Samantha , Kronniè Truus te , Megighian Aram , Reggiani Carlo , Zeviani Massimo , Costa Rodolfo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMutations in Surf1, a human gene involved in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), cause Leigh syndrome, the most common infantile mitochondrial encephalopathy, characterized by a specific COX deficiency. We report the generation and characterization of functional knockdown (KD) lines for Surf1 in Drosophila. KD was produced by post-transcriptional silencing employing a transgene encoding a dsRNA fragment of the Drosophila homolog of human Surf1, activated by the UAS transcriptional activator. Two alternative drivers, Actin5C–GAL4 or elav–GAL4, were used to induce silencing ubiquitously or in the CNS, respectively. Actin5C–GAL4 KD produced 100% egg-to-adult lethality. Most individuals died as larvae, which were sluggish and small. The few larvae reaching the pupal stage died as early imagos. Electron microscopy of larval muscles showed severely altered mitochondria. elav–GAL4-driven KD individuals developed to adulthood, although cephalic sections revealed low COX-specific activity. Behavioral and electrophysiological abnormalities were detected, including reduced photoresponsiveness in KD larvae using either driver, reduced locomotor speed in Actin5C–GAL4 KD larvae, and impaired optomotor response as well as abnormal electroretinograms in elav–GAL4 KD flies. These results indicate important functions for SURF1 specifically related to COX activity and suggest a crucial role of mitochondrial energy pathways in organogenesis and CNS development and function.
Evidence of P-Element-Induced Sister-Chromatid Exchange in a Ring-X Chromosome in Drosophila, With Implication for a High Rate of Formation of Hybrid Elements
Authors: Sved John A , Liang Xiumei 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Activation of a single incomplete P element induces recombination at a rate of ∼0.5–1% in the male germline of Drosophila. Male recombination rises by an order of magnitude to ∼20% if homologous P elements are involved. The high rate of recombination suggests the possibility that sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) might be elevated to a similar extent, since homologous P elements must always be present in sister chromatids. This possibility was tested by recombining a single P element onto a ring-X chromosome and using sex-ratio distortion to measure the loss of the ring-X due to SCE in the male germline. The results confirmed a rate of loss comparable to that expected with homologous elements, although the rate of loss was variable. Both SCE and recombination results are consistent with the “hybrid element insertion” model, in which the left and right ends from different elements associate, providing that insertion occurs preferentially in the vicinity of a P-element end. For autosomes, hybrid element formation may thus occur at a much higher rate than the 0.5–1% implied by single element recombination, with only a small minority of hybrid element excision events being resolved by recombination.
Perinatal Loss of Ts65Dn Down Syndrome Mice
Authors: Roper Randall J , St. John Heidi K , Philip Jessica , Lawler Ann , Reeves Roger H 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Ts65Dn mice inherit a marker chromosome, T(1716)65Dn, producing segmental trisomy for orthologs of about half of the genes on human chromosome 21. These mice display a number of phenotypes that are directly comparable to those in humans with trisomy 21 and are the most widely used animal model of Down syndrome (DS). However, the husbandry of Ts65Dn mice is complicated. Males are sterile, and only 20–40% of the offspring of Ts65Dn mothers are trisomic at weaning. The lower-than-expected frequency of trisomic offspring has been attributed to losses at meiosis, during gestation and at postnatal stages, but no systematic studies support any of these suppositions. We show that the T(1716)65Dn marker chromosome is inherited at expected frequency and is fully compatible with development to midgestation. Disproportional loss of trisomic offspring occurs in late gestation and continues through birth to weaning. Different maternal H2 haplotypes are significantly associated with the frequency of trisomy at weaning in patterns different from those reported previously. The proportion of trisomic mice per litter decreases with age of the Ts65Dn mother. These results provide the first statistical and numerical evidence supporting the prenatal and perinatal pattern of loss in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS.
A Long‐Term Study of Implants Supporting Overdentures as a Model for Implant Success
Authors: Schwartz‐Arad Devorah , Kidron Nomi , Dolev Eran 
Published: September 2005

Background: Implant‐supported overdentures have been a common treatment for edentulous patients for the past 20 years, achieving good clinical results. The purpose of this study was to examine survival and success rates of implants supporting overdentures in the maxilla and mandible and to examine the influence of factors related to patients, implant procedure, implant data, and follow‐up period on implant success.Methods: During a 10‐year period (1990 to 2000), 285 implants were placed in 62 patients to support 69 overdentures (seven patients had overdentures in both jaws). Patients ranged in age from 45 to 85 years (mean 64.5 years). The files of 61 patients, including 277 implants supporting 68 overdentures (14 maxillary and 54 mandibular), had measurable radiographic post‐exposure follow‐up (range 6.63 to 110.93 months, mean 37.93 months) for cervical bone loss (CBL) measurements. Bone loss was measured by radiographic examination in which the mean number of exposed threads in mesial and distal sides of the implant was considered. Implants were rehabilitated by overdentures with bar (N = 52) or ball (N = 16) attachments.Results: Implant survival rate was 96.1% (11/285 did not survive) and total 10‐year cumulative survival rate was 95.4% (maxilla, 83.5%, mandible, 99.5%). The success rate was 70.4% (maxilla, 41.9%; mandible, 80.8%) when using Albrektsson et al. success criteria. A logistic regression analysis showed that the maxilla (P <0.0001) and a short follow‐up period (up to 5 years) (P = 0.017) were the most influencing factors enhancing CBL.Conclusions: 1) Survival of implants supporting overdentures was very high; 2) implants supporting overdentures in the maxilla had greater CBL than in the mandible; and 3) new criteria of implant success should be considered. J Periodontol 2005;76: 1431‐1435.
Posterior Mandibular Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis Utilizing an Extraosseous Distractor: A Prospective Study
Authors: Polo Wilson C.K. , Cury Patricia R. , Sendyk Wilson R. , Gromatzky Alfredo 
Published: September 2005

Background: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate bone elongation and the effectiveness of distraction osteogenesis when utilizing an extraosseous distractor to treat cases of atrophic posterior mandible.Methods: Fourteen surgical sites were evaluated in 10 healthy, non‐smoking, female patients, with varying degrees of atrophic posterior mandible, who underwent surgery by alveolar bone distraction. The patients presented between 6 and 10 mm above the mandibular, inferior alveolar nerve. Panoramic radiographs were taken before surgery and at the beginning and end of the consolidation period. The extraosseous distractor was fixed to both the basal and the osteotomized bone. After a 7‐day latency period, the patients rotated the distractor rod three times a day for 3 to 10 days (1 mm per day). The mobile segment was held in place for 8 to 12 weeks for bone consolidation.Results: The results revealed a distraction range of 2.32 to 8.11 mm (mean distraction ± standard deviation, 5.12 ± 1.67 mm), which was less than the real, measured distance between the upper and lower miniplates of the distractor (5.58 ± 1.62 mm). The bone segments showed between 0.03 and 2.53 mm (mean, 0.88 ± 0.59 mm) resorption above the upper miniplate. The effi‐ cacy of the extraosseous distractor was calculated as between 30.41% and 94.58% (73.45% ± 20.32%).Conclusions: Bone regeneration was obtained in all cases; however, when planning alveolar bone distraction using the extraosseous distractor, greater distraction should be performed to compensate for the inclination of the distractor rod and possible bone loss. This adjustment should increase the efficacy of distraction osteogenesis. J Periodontol 2005;76:1463‐1468.
Influence of Additional Active Ingredients on the Effectiveness of Non‐Alcoholic Chlorhexidine Mouthwashes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bascones Antonio , Morante Sergio , Mateos Leopoldo , Mata Montserrat , Poblet Jorge 
Published: September 2005

Background: Non‐alcoholic chlorhexidine mouthwashes are equally effective and have fewer potential risks than hydroalcoholic solutions. Nowadays, other active ingredients are added to these mouthwashes in an attempt to improve their effectiveness and reduce side effects. Following an experimental gingivitis model, this study examined three non‐alcoholic commercial mouthwashes having 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in common.Methods: Using a double masked, cross‐over design, 30 subjects underwent three consecutive experimental phases with three mouthwashes: CHX, CHX + 0.05% sodium fluoride (CHXNaF), and CHX + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CHX‐CPC). In each one of these 21‐day phases, the subjects discontinued all oral hygiene measures and were treated exclusively with the experimental mouthwash randomly assigned (an oral rinse twice a day). Each experimental phase was preceded by a 14‐day washout period. Levels of gingivitis, dental plaque, supragingival calculus, and dental staining were assessed at baseline and end (day 21) of experimental phases.Results: The evolution of gingival and dental staining indices did not show statistically significant differences between the treatments. Differences were noticed in the plaque index (P = 0.0002), with CHX‐NaF the treatment with the greatest increase. Differences were also observed in the supragingival calculus index (P = 0.0136), with CHX‐CPC showing a smaller increase. Tongue staining was more frequent with CHX‐CPC (P = 0.0141).Conclusion: In non‐alcoholic 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashes, the addition of other active ingredients does not produce beneficial effects, but may even reduce the antiplaque effectiveness or increase tongue staining. J Periodontol 2005;76:1469‐1475.
Bone Filling Around Titanium Implants May Benefit From Smoking Cessation: A Histologic Study in Rats
Authors: César‐Neto João B. , Benatti Bruno B. , Sallum Enilson A. , Sallum Antonio W. , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: September 2005

Background: Although a harmful effect of smoking on titanium implants has been documented, only a few studies have investigated the benefits of smoking cessation. Thus, this study histologically investigated whether smoking cessation influences bone healing around titanium implants and comparatively evaluated temporary versus complete cessation protocols.Methods: Sixty‐six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (N = 16); CSI, intermittent cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) throughout the entire 150‐day experiment (N = 17); P‐CSI, CSI 83 days prior to implant placement (N = 17); or R‐CSI, CSI for 83 days, cessation 7 days before and 21 weeks after implant placement, and return to CSI for 39 days (N = 16). The animals were sacrificed and the degree of boneto‐ implant contact (BIC) and the bone area (BA) within the limits of the implant threads obtained for cortical (zone A) and cancellous bone (zone B).Results: Intergroup analysis (Kruskal‐Wallis test, α = 0.05) demonstrated a significant effect of CSI on BA (P <0.05) and that temporary or complete CSI cessation protocols resulted in values similar to those of the control group (P >0.05) 88.91% ± 4.29%; 80.66% ± 6.55%; 84.27% ± 6.96%; 85.71% ± 4.7% in zone A, and 51.28% ± 6.49%; 38.69% ± 10.78%; 48.87% ± 8.47%; 49.47% ± 8.04%; in zone B for groups CTRL, CSI, P‐CSI, and R‐CSI, respectively.Conclusion: Within the limits of the present investigation, temporary and complete CSI cessation reversed the effect of smoke exposure on bone healing around titanium implants in both cortical and cancellous bone. J Periodontol 2005;76:1476‐1481.