bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450‐1B1, sulfotransferase 1A1, catechol‐o‐methyltransferase and tobacco exposure in breast cancer risk
Authors: Saintot Monique , Malaveille Christian , Hautefeuille Agnès , Gerber Mariette 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and estrogens might play a role in breast carcinogenesis related to environmental exposures. In a case‐only study on 282 women with breast cancer, we studied the interaction effects (ORi) between smoking habits and the gene polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 1B1 (Val432Leu CYP1B1), Phenol‐sulfotransferase 1A1 (Arg213His SULT1A1) and Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (Val158Met COMT). The smokers carrying the Val CYP1B1 allele associated with a high hydroxylation activity had a higher risk of breast cancer than never smokers with the Leu/Leu genotype (ORi=2.32, 95%CI: 1.00–5.38). Also, the smokers carrying the His SULT1A1 allele associated with a low sulfation activity had a 2‐fold excess risk compared to never smokers carrying Arg/Arg SULT1A1 common genotype (ORi= 2.55, 95%CI: 1.21–5.36). The His SULT1A1 allele increased the risk only in premenopausal patients. The Met COMT allele with a lower methylation activity than Val COMT did not modify the risk among smokers. The excess risk due to joint effect could result from a higher exposure to activated tobacco‐compounds for women homo/heterozygous for the Val CYP1B1 allele. Also, a lower sulfation of the tobacco carcinogens among women with His SULT1A1 could increase exposure to genotoxic compounds. Alternatively, the Val CYP1B1 or His SULT1A1 allele with modified ability to metabolize estrogens could increase the level of genotoxic catechol estrogen (i.e., 4‐hydroxy‐estradiol) among smokers. Our study showed that gene polymorphisms of CYP1B1 and SULT1A1 induce an individual susceptibility to breast cancer among current smokers. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGF +61 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to and prognostic markers in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: McCarron Sarah L. , Bateman Adrian C. , Theaker Jeffrey M. , Howell W. Martin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCMM is the most serious cutaneous malignancy and is increasing in frequency among most Caucasian populations, where the most important risk factor is exposure to UV light. Relatively little is known of the genetic factors that mediate susceptibility to and prognosis in sporadic CMM, although a number of genes have been implicated. A striking association between EGF polymorphism and Breslow thickness of invasive CMM has been reported. We have sought confirmation of this finding in an independent study of 159 patients and 310 controls using TaqMan fluorescence‐based genotyping for EGF +61. In our study group, there were no significant differences in EGF genotype frequencies between patients and controls nor was EGF genotype associated with tumour growth phase, stage or mitotic count. However, correlation between EGF genotype and Breslow thickness showed a modestly significant increase in frequency of the EGF (G/G) genotype among tumours >3.5 mm thick (30.0% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.03). In summary, in our group, the EGF +61 polymorphism was not a risk factor for CMM susceptibility, but this polymorphism may play a role in disease progression. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the transmembrane domain coding region of HER‐2 is associated with development and malignant phenotype of gastric cancer
Authors: Kuraoka Kazuya , Matsumura Shunji , Hamai Yoichi , Nakachi Kei , Imai Kazue , Matsusaki Keisuke , Oue Naohide , Ito Reiko , Nakayama Hirofumi , Yasui Wataru 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlterations of the HER‐2 (erbB‐2/neu) proto‐oncogene have been associated with carcinogenesis and poor prognosis of certain cancers. A single nucleotide polymorphism (Ile/Val, A/G) in the transmembrane domain was reported to be associated with a risk of breast cancer. In our study, we examined the association between the HER‐2 polymorphism and gastric carcinoma. The Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes were found in 146 (68.9%), 56 (26.4%) and 10 (4.7%) of 212 gastric cancer patients and in 234 (81.5%), 48 (16.7%) and 5 (1.8%) of 287 control subjects, respectively. The Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype was significantly more frequent in patients than in controls (p = 0.005 and 0.033, respectively). The OR of Val/Val genotype then revealed a significantly enhanced risk of 3.25 (95% CI 1.09–9.70) compared to Ile/Ile genotype; heterozygous Ile/Val genotype showed an intermediate risk of 1.97 (1.27–3.06). In patients, carcinomas of advanced stage were significantly more frequent in patients with Ile/Val or Val/Val genotype than those with Ile/Ile genotype (p < 0.001). The logistic regression analysis for tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis revealed that lymph node metastasis was most closely associated with the HER‐2 genotype. These results suggest that this nucleotide polymorphism in the transmembrane domain‐coding region of HER‐2 could be associated with development of gastric carcinoma and may serve as a predictor of risk for a malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. The association of HER‐2 genotype with clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer was also suggested, which has to be confirmed with a larger sample size. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of common or distinct genes related to antitumor activities of a medicinal herb and its major component by oligonucleotide microarray
Authors: Iizuka Norio , Oka Masaaki , Yamamoto Kotaro , Tangoku Akira , Miyamoto Koji , Miyamoto Takanobu , Uchimura Shunji , Hamamoto Yoshihiko , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlthough the physiological actions of many herbs are gradually being elucidated at the molecular level, it remains unclear how individual components of herbs contribute to their biological activities. In the present study, the antiproliferative activity of Coptidis rhizoma, a medicinal herb, and the major component berberine was investigated in 8 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Gene expression patterns associated with sensitivities to each agent were analyzed with oligonucleotide arrays that comprised approximately 11,000 genes. We used a tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay to determine ID50 values after the 8 cell lines were exposed to the 2 agents for 72 hr. The ID50 value for berberine was correlated positively with that for C. rhizoma (r=0.725, p=0.0401). C. rhizoma killed tumor cells more effectively than purified berberine when normalized to the level of berberine present in the herb. From the oligonucleotide array data, we selected 20 and 13 genes with strong correlations (r2>0.81) to ID50 values for berberine and C. rhizoma, respectively. Among these 33 genes, the levels of expression of 12 were correlated with the ID50 values of both agents, suggesting that these genes are associated with tumor‐killing activity of berberine in C. rhizoma. Expression of the remaining 21 genes was correlated with the ID50 value of either purified berberine or C. rhizoma. Thus, we identified common and distinct genes responsible for anti‐proliferative activities of purified berberine and C. rhizoma. This strategy may improve our understanding of the actions of herbs with antitumor activities. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer in young women (≤35 years): Genomic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Weber‐Mangal Susanne , Sinn Hans‐Peter , Popp Susanne , Klaes Rüdiger , Emig Robert , Bentz Martin , Mansmann Ulrich , Bastert Gunther , Bartram Claus R. , Jauch Anna 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSporadic breast cancer in young women is different from the one in older patients regarding pathological features and aggressiveness of the tumors, but the spectrum of genetic alterations are largely unknown. We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to analyze DNA copy number changes in 88 tumor samples from women ≤35 years of age. Findings were compared to histopathological data including tumor type, grading, lymph nodes and metastasis. Genomic gains clustered to chromosome arms 1q (64.8%), 8q (61.4%), 17q (50.0%), 20q (33.0%), 3q (20.5%), 1p (17.0%), 5p (17.0%) and 15q (17%). Losses were commonly located on 8p (19.3 %), 11q (11.4%), 16q (11.4%), 17p (11.4%) and 18q (10.2%). A comparison with published CGH data from breast carcinomas of similar type and grade showed the following differences: (1) gains were much more frequent than losses, and (2) losses on 8p22–p23 were more prevalent in patients with positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02), and Grade III tumors were associated with gains on the long arm of chromosome 8 (p = 0.01). Therefore, alterations in these genomic regions may be responsible for the reduced survival of patients with early onset breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase stability after aging and its influence on pin‐on‐disk wear properties of Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposite and conventional Y‐TZP
Authors: Tanaka Kenji , Tamura Jiro , Kawanabe Keiichi , Nawa Masahiro , Uchida Masaki , Kokubo Tadashi , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractRecently zirconia/alumina composites have been examined by many researchers as the new generation of bearing materials in total joint replacements. In this study, the phase stability of a Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposite and conventional Y‐TZP after aging, and its influence on wear resistance, were investigated. Very slight phase transformation was observed in both types of ceramics 18 months after the implantation of Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 or Y‐TZP samples into rabbit tibiae. However, Y‐TZP showed marked phase transformation (approximately 80%) after aging in an autoclave (121°C) for 190 h or in physiological saline at 62°C for 18 months, whereas the new composite remained almost resistant to degradation. According to the results of self‐pairing pin‐on‐disk wear tests using ceramic specimens with or without autoclave aging, the wear factor was almost the same between Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 samples with and without aging (6.74 ± 0.36 × 10−8 and 6.04 ± 0.95 × 10−8 mm3/Nm, respectively). In contrast, although non‐aged Y‐TZP had the lowest wear factor (4.88 ± 0.51 × 10−8 mm3/Nm) of all specimens tested, aged Y‐TZP showed 10‐fold greater wear than nonaged Y‐TZP. The present study suggests that Ce‐TZP/Al2O3 nanocomposite has much greater phase stability than Y‐TZP, and that its wear properties are not influenced by aging. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 200–207, 2003
Quantitative evaluation of bacteria adherent to polyelectrolyte HEMA‐based hydrogels
Authors: Berlutti Francesca , Rosso Franco , Bosso Pietro , Giansanti Francesco , Ajello Maria , De Rosa Alfredo , Farina Ernesto , Antonini Giovanni , Valenti Piera 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe use of adhesive poly(HEMA)‐based hydrogels is standard practice in dental restorative procedures. Microorganisms, which potentially can cause oral pathologies, may colonize these polymers. In the present work, bacterial adhesion to polymers prepared with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and to different molar ratios of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane‐sulfonic acid (AMPS) and/or to 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl‐tri‐methyl‐ammonium chloride (METAC) co‐monomers were tested. A colorimetric assay system that utilizes the Microbo revelation medium (Microbo srl, Rome, Italy) for microbial counts is shown to be capable of counting the number of adherent bacterial cells without removing them from polymer surfaces. In conditions that mimic those present in the oral cavity, similar bacterial adhesion percentages on the same polymer were observed with the different bacteria belonging to both gram‐positive and gram‐negative genera, such as Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus oralis (resident microorganisms in the oral cavity) and Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (transient microorganisms in the oral cavity). It is determined that the physico‐chemical characteristics of poly(HEMA)‐based hydrogels are the major factors promoting bacterial adhesion, which increased with increasing water content in the swollen polymers, reaching maximal values on the cationic polymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 18–25, 2003
Effects of viscoelasticity and time‐dependent plasticity on nanoindentation measurements of human cortical bone
Authors: Fan Zaifeng , Rho Jae‐Young 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe viscoelastic and time‐dependent plastic effects on the nanoindentation measurement of osteonal lamella in a human cortical bone were investigated. The elastic modulus of osteonal lamella obtained from the quasi‐static technique was strongly affected by the indentation rate and time‐dependent plasticity. The effects of time‐dependent plasticity can be diminished by multiple loading–unloading cycles and a long holding period at maximal load. After minimizing the contribution of time‐dependent plasticity to unloading data, it was surprisingly found that the elastic modulus was proportional to indentation strain rate raised to the 0.06 power, which is similar to conventional test results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 208–214, 2003
Effects of lithium fluoride and maleic acid on the bioactivity of calcium aluminate cement: Formation of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid
Authors: Oh Seung‐Han , Choi Se‐Young , Lee Yong‐Keun , Nam Kim Kyoung , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo improve the bioactivity of calcium aluminate cement (CAC), which has the potential of restoring defective bone and the joints between artificial prostheses and natural bone, lithium fluoride and maleic acid were added to CAC. Then the bioactivity of the CAC, together with the lithium fluoride and maleic acid, was estimated by examining the hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation on its surface in simulated body fluid (SBF). When 0.5 g of lithium fluoride and 8.75 g of maleic acid were added to 100 g of CAC, LiAl2(OH)7 · 2H2O was formed on the surface of CAC after 1 day of soaking, and HAp was formed after 2 days. The depth of the LiAl2(OH)7 · 2H2O and HAp‐mixed layers after 60 days of immersion was approximately 20 μm. However, after CAC, which contains only 8.75 g of maleic acid per 100 g of CaO · Al2O3, had been soaking for just 30 days, 3CaO · Al2O3 · 6H2O and HAp were detected. These results indicate that lithium fluoride accelerates HAp formation on the surface of CAC in SBF while maleic acid has little influence on HAp formation. The promotion of HAp formation on the surface of CAC in SBF can be explained in terms of the help of an intermediate layer, LiAl2(OH)7 · 2H2O, which contains hydroxyl groups that act as the nuclei of HAp formation and a tremendous dissolution of calcium ions from CAC into the SBF solution within a short induction time. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 104–111, 2003
In vitro bioactivity of S520 glass fibers and initial assessment of osteoblast attachment
Authors: Clupper D. C. , Gough J. E. , Hall M. M. , Clare A. G. , LaCourse W. C. , Hench L. L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBioactive glass fibers are attractive materials for use as tissue‐engineering scaffolds and as the reinforcing phase for resorbable bioactive composites. The bioactivity of S520 glass fibers (52.0 mol % SiO2, 20.9 Na2O, 7.1 K2O, 18.0 CaO, and 2.0 P2O5) was evaluated in two media, simulated body fluid (SBF) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), for up to 20 days at 37°C. Hydroxyapatite formation was observed on S520 fiber surfaces after 5 h in SBF. After a 20‐day immersion, a continuous hydroxyapatite layer was present on the surface of samples immersed in SBF as well as on those samples immersed in DMEM [fiber surface area to solution volume ratio (SA:V) of 0.10 cm2/mL]. Backscattered electron imaging and EDS analysis revealed that the hydroxyapatite layer formation was more extensive for samples immersed in SBF. Decreasing the SA:V ratio to 0.05 cm2/mL decreased the time required to form a continuous hydroxyapatite surface layer. ICP was used to reveal Si, Ca, and P release profiles in DMEM after the 1st h (15.1, 83.8, and 29.7 ppm, respectively) were similar to those concentrations previously determined to stimulate gene expression in osteoblasts in vitro (16.5, 83.3, and 30.4 ppm, respectively). The tensile strength of the 20‐μm diameter fibers was 925 ± 424 MPa. Primary human osteoblast attachment to the fiber surface was studied by using SEM, and mineralization was studied by using alizarin red staining. Osteoblast dorsal ruffles, cell projections, and lamellipodia were observed, and by 7 days, cells had proliferated to form monolayer areas as shown by SEM. At 14 days, nodule formation was observed, and these nodules stained positive for alizarin red, demonstrating Ca deposition and, therefore mineralization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 285–294, 2003
In vitro release kinetics of proteins from bioactive foams
Authors: Lenza R. F. S. , Jones J. R. , Vasconcelos W. L. , Hench L. L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study describes an approach to obtaining 3‐D scaffolds for tissue engineering that allows the incorporation and release of biologically active proteins to stimulate cell function. Laminin was adsorbed on the textured surfaces of binary 70S30C (70 mol % SiO2, 30 mol % CaO) and ternary 58S (60 mol % SiO2, 36 mol % CaO, 4 mol % P2O5) foams. The covalent bonds between the binding sites of the proteins and the ligands on the scaffolds' surfaces did not denaturate the proteins. In vitro studies show that the foams modified with chemical groups and coated with laminin were bioactive, as demonstrated by the formation of a crystalline hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA) layer formed on the surfaces of the foams upon exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF). The release of proteins from the foams also was investigated. Sustained and controlled release from the scaffolds over a 30‐day period was achieved. Laminin release from the bioactive foams followed the dissolution rate of the material network. These results suggest that bioactive foams have the potential to act as scaffolds for soft‐tissue engineering with a controlled release of proteins that can induce tissue formation or regeneration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 121–129, 2003
Cell adhesion on polytetrafluoroethylene modified by UV‐irradiation in an ammonia atmosphere
Authors: Heitz J. , Švorčík V. , Bačáková L. , Ročková K. , Ratajová E. , Gumpenberger T. , Bäuerle D. , Dvořánková B. , Kahr H. , Graz I. , Romanin C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe report on the modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by exposure to the ultraviolet (UV) light of a Xe2*‐excimer lamp at a wavelength of 172 nm in an ammonia atmosphere. Typical treatment times were up to 30 min. Subsequently, the samples were grafted with the amino acid alanine from an aqueous solution. The samples were characterized by means of optical transmission spectroscopy, laser‐induced fluorescence and contact‐angle measurements. We studied the adhesion of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) and mouse fibroblasts (3T3 cells) to the modified polymer samples using an in vitro technique, where the population density and spreadout of adhering cells is determined 24 h after seeding by image analysis. For both cell types the exposure of PTFE to UV‐light in an ammonia atmosphere resulted in a significant increase in the number of adhering cells and in the size of their spreading area. The grafting with alanine enhanced this effect. Additional experiments with human endothelial cells (HEC) also demonstrated improved adhesion to modified PTFE. Thus, PTFE modified by our method appears to be a promising material for fabrication of artificial vascular prostheses and implants or for cultivation of skin substitutes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 130–137, 2003
Histomorphometric and microhardness assessments of sheep cortical bone surrounding titanium implants with different surface treatments
Authors: Giavaresi G. , Fini M. , Cigada A. , Chiesa R. , Rondelli G. , Rimondini L. , Aldini N. Nicoli , Martini L. , Giardino R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSeveral factors influence the healing process and the long‐term mechanical stability of cementless fixed implants, such as bone remodeling and mineralization processes. Histomorphometric and bone hardness measurements were taken in implants inserted in sheep femoral cortical bone at different times to compare the in vivo osseointegration of titanium screws (diam.; 3.5 × 7 mm length) with the following surface treatments: machined (Ti‐MA); acid‐etched (Ti‐HF); HA vacuum plasma spray (Ti‐HA); and Ca‐P anodization followed by a hydrothermal treatment (Ti‐AM/HA). Ti‐MA and Ti‐AM/HA implants presented the lowest (Ra = 0.20 ± 0.01 μm) and highest (Ra = 1.97 ± 0.64 μm) significant (p < 0.0005) roughness value, respectively. Bone‐to‐implant contact of Ti‐HF was lower than that of the other surface treatments at both experimetal times (8 weeks: −20%, ns; 12 weeks: −30%, p < 0.01). Significant differences in MAR (mineral apposition rate) were also found between the different experimental times for Ti‐MA (115%, p < 0.01) and Ti‐HF (57%, p < 0.01), demonstrating that bone growth had slowed inside the screw threads of Ti‐HA and Ti‐AM/HA after 12 weeks. No bone microhardness changes in preexisting host bone were found, while Ti‐MA showed the lowest value for the inner thread area at 8 weeks (HV200 μm= 49.8 ± 3.8 HV). These findings confirm that osseointegration may be accelerated by adequate surface roughness and bioactive ceramic coating such as Ca‐P anodization followed by a hydrothermal treatment, which enhance bone interlocking and mineralization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 112–120, 2003
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor within an absorbable coating for vascular applications: Delivery device characterization and the reduction of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Caldwell Rebecca A. , Vyavahare Narendra , Langan Eugene M. , LaBerge Martine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSignificant occurrences of arterial restenosis remain a complicating factor of endovascular stent implantation. The incorporation of GM6001, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI), into a poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) absorbable coating for 316L stainless steel is proposed as a means to reduce the rate of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Coatings were fabricated using a solvent evaporation technique, and the surfaces were characterized by noncontacting profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Sufficient degradation of the PLGA determined by gel permeation chromatography occurred to release adequate amounts of the GM6001 from the coating within a 7‐day period. A cumulative GM6001 release at day 42 was determined to be 77.8 ± 1.4% of the actual GM6001 content within the coating. The coating containing the GM6001 reduced the rate of in vitro cell growth of human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) by 30.7 and 37.4% compared to the metallic substrate only after 4 and 7 days, respectively. However, the MMP‐2 activity normalized to cell number was not statistically different between the GM6001 releasing coating and the metal substrate. Using a scrape wound injury assay, the migration of HASMCs was shown to be decreased by 21.4% with GM6001 released from the PLGA coating compared to metallic substrate only. These results suggest that releasing a MMPI from an absorbable coating of a metallic substrate provides a reduction of HASMC proliferation and migration rates, while preserving the overall MMP activity in efforts to retain normal cellular regulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 67A: 1–10, 2003