bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starfield’s 4Cs of NCD management in primary healthcare: a conceptual framework development from a case study of 19 countries
Authors: Foo Chuan De , Logan Krishaa , Eu Elliot , Erlangga Darius , Rivillas Juan Carlos , Kosycarz Ewa , Pholpark Aungsumalee , Ritthisirikul Natchaya , Hanvoravongchai Piya , Putri Likke Prawidya , Marthias Tiara , Schenck Marcela , Benia Wilson , Turk Eva , Giang Kim Bao , Duong Doan Thi Thuy , Shrestha Supri , Esandi Maria Eugenia , Antonietti Laura , Xiong Shangzhi , Shrestha Pami , Tromp Jasper , Legido-Quigley Helena 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionFaced with a backdrop of an increasing chronic disease burden from an ageing global population compounded with rising healthcare costs, health systems are required to implement cost-effective, safe and equitable care through efficient service delivery models. One approach to achieving this is through Starfield’s 4Cs of primary healthcare (PHC), which delineates the key attributes of a high-performing PHC system that upholds the pillars of care coordination, first contact of care, continuity of care and comprehensive care. Therefore, this study aims to explore and elucidate the key themes and subthemes related to and extending beyond Starfield’s 4Cs of PHC by integrating findings from a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study.MethodsIn this case study analysis, case studies of PHC systems from 19 countries were purposefully selected to represent a range of income levels and diversity in health systems and PHC landscapes. A review of existing literature of peer-reviewed articles, policy documents and technical reports made publicly available data on PHC was complemented with data obtained from 61 in-depth interviews with health systems experts from a larger study. The research team thematically analysed the data and organised the key themes and subthemes into a conceptual framework that is anchored on Starfield’s 4Cs of PHC.ResultsBroadly, we developed a conceptual framework with the 4Cs, placing providers and patients at the centre. The key subthemes that manifested from Starfield’s 4Cs included maximising the use of existing fiscal resources, leveraging technology, improving accessibility to health services and task sharing. Other relevant and overarching themes were the deployment of national frameworks, equity, healthcare provider retention, service integration, emergency preparedness and community engagement.DiscussionThe subthemes derived point health systems in the right direction based on the trialled and tested PHC models of various countries. Their strong points were highlighted in our case studies to depict how Starfield’s 4Cs are leveraged to strengthen PHC, and the themes we identified that went beyond the 4Cs are necessary considerations for modifying PHC policies going forward.ConclusionAs the world enters an era of ageing populations and acute system shocks, PHC needs to be fortified and integrated into the more extensive system to protect the health of the population and safeguard the well-being of providers. Our conceptual framework offers health systems a glimpse of how this can be achieved.
Assessing the feasibility of measuring residents’ quality of life in English care homes and the construct validity and internal consistency of measures completed by staff proxy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Towers Ann-Marie , Rand Stacey , Allan Stephen , Webster Lucy Anne , Palmer Sinead , Carroll Rachael , Gordon Adam L , Akdur Gizdem , Smith Nick , Burton Jennifer , Killett Anne , Hanratty Barbara , Meyer Julienne , Spilsbury Karen , Goodman Claire 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of capturing older care home residents’ quality of life (QoL) in digital social care records and the construct validity (hypothesis testing) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of four QoL measures.DesignCross-sectional data collected in wave 1 of the DACHA (Developing resourcesAnd minimum dataset forCareHomes’Adoption) study, a mixed-methods pilot of a prototype minimum dataset (MDS).SettingCare homes (with or without nursing) registered to provide care for older adults (>65 years) and/or those living with dementia. All homes used a digital record system from one of two suppliers.ParticipantsData were extracted from 748 residents. All permanent residents, aged 65 years or older, were eligible to participate, including those lacking capacity to consent. Temporary residents and residents in their last weeks of life were excluded.Outcome measures and analysisThe English language versions of Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)-Proxy-Resident, ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people (ICECAP-O), EQ-5D-5L proxy and the QUALIDEM were added to the digital record. As there have not been any previous studies of the structural validity of the English language version of the QUALIDEM, ordinal exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied for this measure only. Feasibility (% missing by software provider and measure), % floor/ceiling effects (>15% at lower/upper end of the scales), convergent or divergent construct validity (criterion of >75% of hypotheses accepted) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ≥0.7) were assessed for all four measures.ResultsThe ordinal EFA of QUALIDEM did not replicate the findings of previous research. A six-factor (36 item) solution was proposed and used in all subsequent analyses. There were low rates of missing data (<5%) for all items, except ASCOT-Proxy-Resident Control (5.1%) and Dignity (6.2%) and QUALIDEM item 35 (5.1%). Ceiling effects were observed for the ASCOT-Proxy-Resident and two of the QUALIDEM subscales. None of the scales had floor effects. Cronbach’s alpha indicated adequate internal consistency (α ≥0.70) for the ASCOT-Proxy-Resident, ICECAP-O and EQ-5D-5L proxy. There were issues with two QUALIDEM subscales. Construct validity for all measures was adequate.ConclusionsThe findings support the use of EQ-5D-5L, ASCOT-Proxy-Resident and the ICECAP-O in care homes for older people. The choice of measure will depend on the construct(s) of interest. More research is needed to establish the psychometric properties of the QUALIDEM in an English care home setting.
Work loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab or TNF inhibitors: a nationwide direct drug-to-drug comparison
Authors: Bruze Gustaf Magnus , Frisell Thomas , Turesson Carl , Forsblad-d'Elia Helena , Soderling Jonas , Askling Johan , Neovius Martin 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo compare work loss after starting tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), rituximab, abatacept or tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe used data from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register to identify patients aged 19-62 years who were treated with TNFi (n=15 093), rituximab (n=2123), abatacept (n=1877) or tocilizumab (n=1720) between 2007 and 2020. Data on work loss (0–365 days per year) from sick leave and disability pension were retrieved from linkage to the Social Insurance Agency. Patients in the different treatment arms were balanced regarding baseline covariates using inverse probability weighting (IPTW).ResultsWork loss increased for patients with RA until drug treatment initiation, reached a peak in the month after treatment initiation and then levelled off. Following IPTW, at 3 years before starting the treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean annual adjusted work loss days between rituximab, abatacept or tocilizumab vs TNFi (mean difference vs TNFi: rituximab 1.1 days, 95% CI −4.5 to 6.7; abatacept 3.3, 95% CI −2.6 to 9.2; tocilizumab 1.2, 95% CI −4.9 to 7.3). At 3 years after starting the treatment (latest January 2021), there were also no statistically significant differences in the mean annual adjusted work loss days (mean difference: rituximab −4.8 days, 95% CI −11.3 to 1.7; abatacept 5.3, 95% CI −1.8 to 12.3; tocilizumab −0.6, 95% CI −7.7 to 6.5).ConclusionsTaking channelling into account, patients with RA treated with TNFi, rituximab, abatacept or tocilizumab had similar trajectories of work loss from sick leave and disability pension until treatment initiation, and similar trend breaks and plateau 3 years thereafter.
Report from the Summer School on Software Engineering andArtificial Intelligence
Authors: Parra Esteban , Aponte Jairo 
Published: January 2025

This report summarizes the curriculum and academic outcomes of the Summer School on Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (AI) held at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogot´a, Colombia. The summer school offered an in-depth introduction to the fields of Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Natural Language Processing (NLP); their role and applications in Software Engineering (SE) and the software development process. The feedback we received from the participants indicates that the program successfully enhanced their knowledge and the skills needed for them to navigate the role of AI in the current landscape of software engineering.
The students of the summer school were engaged in the development of a full software system using AI-based tools as part of the development process. We found that the project was successful in providing the students with experience regarding how to incorporate AI-based tools as part of their software development process but not all students showed the same level of proficiency when leveraging AI tools.
Sulbactam–Durlobactam: A Novel Antibiotic Combination for the Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii–Calcoaceticus Complex (ABC) Hospital‐Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator‐Associated Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Kabbara Wissam K. , Sadek Elina , Mansour Hanine 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, antimicrobial activity, efficacy, safety, and the regulatory status of sulbactam–durlobactam.Summary: Sulbactam–durlobactam is a recently approved antimicrobial combination of two β‐lactamase inhibitors for the treatment of hospital‐acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator‐associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) associated with Acinetobacter baumannii–calcoaceticus complex (ABC) in patients 18 years and older. Sulbactam is a direct antibacterial activity with high susceptibility to A. baumannii species. Durlobactam, diazabicyclooctane β‐lactamase inhibitors possesses a broad‐spectrum activity against Ambler class A, C, and D serine β‐lactamases. This combination has been studied to overcome resistance to ABC species. Data were obtained from in vitro and preclinical studies as well as phase I, II, and III clinical studies published in English between 200t0 and January 2023. A phase II trial showed similar tolerability and pharmacokinetics parameters of sulbactam–durlobactam in patients with urinary tract infections to placebo. However, no ABC infections were included in the trial. ATTACK, a phase III clinical trial of sulbactam–durlobactam, studied the safety and efficacy of sulbactam–durlobactam in patients with ABC HABP/VABP and showed its noninferiority to colistin. Reported adverse events include anemia, elevated liver enzymes, hyperkalemia, headache, diarrhea, nausea, urticaria, and vascular pain. Sulbactam–durlobactam is a new β‐lactamase inhibitors combination active against MDR Gram‐negative bacteria including ABC. It is currently approved for the treatment of HABP/VABP caused by susceptible ABC strains.
An Immune Subtype Classification System Enables the Development of Strategies to Predict and Enhance Immunotherapy Responses in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Dingchang , Liu Xianqiang , Gao Wenxing , Zhao Wen , Ji Shuaifei , Wang Sizhe , Yang Jinran , Li Dingling , Chang Zhengyao , Chen Yi , Sun Xu , Zhou Jingcheng , Jiao Yanan , Du Xiaohui , Dong Guanglong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. While immunotherapeutic approaches are effective in a subset of CRC patients, the majority of CRC cases receive limited benefits from immunotherapy. This study developed an immune subtype classification system based on diverse immune cells and pathways. A model constructed through machine learning based on immune subtypes could accurately predict the sensitivity of CRC patients to immunotherapy. Validation of this model across public datasets and clinical samples confirmed its high precision and reliability. Furthermore, drug screening based on the immune subtypes identified the IGF1R inhibitor I-OMe-AG-538 (AG-538) as a potent enhancer of antitumor immunity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AG-538 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DNA damage and downregulated the expression of multiple repair genes, triggering cGAS/STING-mediated type I IFN signaling within tumor cells. This signaling cascade increased tumor immunogenicity and refined the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby enhancing efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade treatment. In summary, these findings present a predictive model for immune response and highlight the potential of AG-538 combined with anti-PD1 antibodies as a chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy.
Phase I Clinical Trial of High Doses of Seleno-L-methionine in Combination with Axitinib in Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zakharia Yousef , Reis Ryan J. , Kroll Matthew R. , Rataan Aseel O. , Manchkanti Srija , Rahim Bilal , Garje Rohan , Swami Umang , Mott Sarah L. , Zamba K.D. , Sieren Jessica C. , Salem Aliasger K. , Rustum Youcef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: Data in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) xenografts defined the seleno-L-methionine (SLM) dose and the plasma selenium concentrations associated with the enhancement of HIF1α/2α degradation, stabilization of tumor vasculature, enhanced drug delivery, and efficacy of axitinib. The data provided the rationale for the development of this phase I clinical trial of SLM and axitinib in advanced or metastatic relapsed ccRCC. Patients and Methods: Patients were ≥18 years with histologically and radiologically confirmed advanced or metastatic ccRCC who had received at least one prior systemic therapy, which could include axitinib (last dose ≥6 months prior to enrollment). Escalating dose levels of SLM (2500, 3000 and 4000 μg) were administered orally twice daily for 14 days, then once daily concurrently with axitinib 5 mg twice daily using a 3+3 design in Phase I. Patients were treated at the 4000 μg dose level in the expansion cohort to obtain preliminary estimates of efficacy. Results: No dose limiting toxicities occurred at the 4000 μg SLM dose level. Among the 27 patients treated with 4000 μg of SLM, the overall response rate was 55.6%, median duration of response was 18.4 months, median progression-free survival was 14.8 months, and median overall survival was 19.6 months. Preliminary results have shown that plasma selenium concentrations, inhibition of TGF-β1 and stabilization of tumor vasculature by SLM are time dependent. Conclusions: SLM (4000 μg) in sequential combination with axitinib is well tolerated with encouraging efficacy.
Effects of feed nutrients on growth, development and the deposition of protein and fat in Tenebrio molitor larvae
Authors: Tamim B. , Salter A. , Parr T. , Brameld J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An understanding of the impact of dietary nutritional composition on growth, development and composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae (mealworms) could help optimise production systems. Replicate containers of mealworms fed for 24 days on synthetic cellulose-based feeds containing different combinations of protein (casein, Cas), lipid (wheat germ oil, WGO), carbohydrate (glucose) and a mineral/vitamin premix (MV) were compared to a control diet of wheat bran (WB). Mealworms fed only cellulose (C) ceased to grow after 10 days, and did not pupate. Addition of casein alone did not restore growth but did induce pupation (much slower than in WB-fed worms). Mealworms fed C+Cas-based diets showed a marked increase in the relative proportion of body protein to fat, compared to those fed wheat bran. The addition of MV to the C+Cas diet restored growth and pupation, though not to the same level as WB. MV-fed worms maintained a significantly increased protein/fat composition. The further inclusion of WGO or WGO + glucose further increased growth, whilst WGO + glucose reduced pupation. Overall, the highest yield of protein (per container) was seen in the C+Cas+MV+WGO-fed mealworms, which was 50% higher than in the WB group (largely due to the decreased pupation rate). Furthermore, the lipid yield was 50% lower than in WB-fed mealworms. By contrast, the addition of glucose to this diet maintained a high protein yield but increased the lipid yield to similar levels as seen in WB-fed mealworms, with an associated significant increase in the relative proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The results indicate that sources of protein, lipid, minerals and multivitamins are all required to maximize protein whilst decreasing lipid deposition in mealworms. However, the addition of glucose (and presumably other digestible carbohydrates) increased lipid deposition and specifically the PUFA content.
The Meaning of the Son of God
Authors: Durie Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The New Testament Greek expression ho huios tou theou ‘the Son of God’ is frequently used to refer to Jesus in the New Testament and is central to Christian understandings of Jesus’ identity. It has a complex meaning, grounded in the different ways in which it is used in the New Testament to refer to Jesus.
A crisis emerged in recent decades in Protestant Bible translation over how divine familial terms such as Son and Father are to be translated in Muslim contexts. A behaviourist, anti-cognitivist understanding of meaning was incorporated into Eugene Nida’s influential concept of dynamic equivalence and this was one of the key factors that triggered this crisis. A defence is offered here of retaining divine familial terms in Bible translations, drawing upon on an explication of the meaning of ho huios tou theou using an nsm Minimal Languages approach.
Monsters, Victims and Rebels: Transitions of Post-Yugoslav Slovenian Queerness on Film
Authors: Šepetavc Jasmina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article looks at Slovenian queer images in the country’s post-independence feature cinema. While during Yugoslavian times Slovenian cinema contained complex, at times even radical queer imagery, the 1990s’ re-traditionalization of society was also reflected on film in the erasure of queerness. However, when queerness again became part of national cinematic images, it reflected the country’s complex transition and in-betweenness – between the legacy of Yugoslavia, the traditional values of the new state, and an ambition to quickly become part of the EU. This trajectory was neither linear nor one-directional (from Yugoslavia to the EU with its supposedly more liberal attitudes), but multilayered and messy. While queerness was at times portrayed in problematic ways or as something that cannot freely exist in the new national framework, it was nevertheless also a point of subversion, transgression, and recently alternative communal solidarity.
Effectiveness of Nurse-led Brief Intervention to Reduce the Risky Use of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Older Adults: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial from India
Authors: Mahendia Neeraj , Joseph Jaison , Arya Sidharth , Devi Rajeshwari 
Published: January 2025

Background: India has witnessed a gradual increase in substance use among the elderly, driven by the country’s aging population and evolving demographic trends. There remains a lack of scientific foundation regarding the efficacy of brief intervention among older adults in the context of low- and middle-income countries. The current study explored the effectiveness of nurse-led brief intervention to reduce risky substance use patterns among the elderly in the Indian context. Methods: The present study is a pilot randomized trial with assessments conducted before and after the intervention at 4-week intervals. The Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to detect changes in risky substance use, and the intervention was based on the ASSIST Brief Intervention Protocol. The study setting was a government-funded elderly citizen club, which was conveniently selected. Results: Out of the 80 contacted participants, 60 subjects were enrolled, evenly divided between intervention and control groups. The mean age of the sample was 69.80 years (SD = 4.2). Although there was some difference in post-follow-up scores, we did not observe a significant benefit for the brief intervention in reducing risky substance use among the elderly in this setting ( P > .05). Conclusion: The study demonstrated a reduction in risky substance use patterns among the elderly population in both the intervention and control groups. Future trials should adopt rigorous methodological approaches to provide robust clinical evidence for implementing similar interventions aimed at enhancing the well-being of elderly individuals in this setting.
The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass residual volume processing technique on blood management in cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Baeza Jennifer , Stammers Alfred H , Beckman Scott R , Tesdahl Eric A , Chores Jeffrey , Patel Kirti P , Petterson Craig M , Thompson Ty , Baginski Alexander , Wilkins Cozette , Choi Stephen , Sharaf Omar M , Firstenberg Michael S , Jacobs Jeffrey P 
Published: January 2025

Background: Post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) blood processing is an important component of blood management during cardiac surgery. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate several methods of processing post-CPB residual blood. Research Design: Using a multi-institutional national database (SpecialtyCare Operative Procedural rEgistry [SCOPE]), 77,591 cardiac surgical operations performed in adults (>18 years) between January 2017 and September 2022 were reviewed. Study Sample: Blood processing methods included: Cell washing (CW, n = 63,592), Ultrafiltration (UF, n = 6286), Whole blood (WB, n = 3749), Hemobag (HB, n = 2480), and No processing (NO, n = 1484). The primary outcome was intraoperative post-CPB allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Data Analysis: Group differences in RBC transfusion were assessed using a Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression model controlling for multiple operative variables. Results: Across blood processing groups, patients had similar ages, body mass index and surgical procedures performed as well as preoperative hematocrit and nadir operative hematocrit. Median hematocrit change from last-in-operating room to first-in-ICU were highest in UF and HB groups (3.0 [IQR = 2.0–4.8] and 2.5 [IQR = 0.4–5.0]), respectively. The model-predicted probability of intraoperative post-CPB RBC transfusion was lowest in the HB group (0.79% [95% CrI = 0.37%–1.26%]), and highest in NO group (2.12% [95% CrI = 1.47%–2.82%]). Relative to CW, the odds of RBC transfusion for HB cases were reduced by half (OR = 0.5 [95% CrI = 0.28–0.89], statistical reliability = 99.1%), while odds for NO were 1.41 greater (OR = 1.41 [95% CrI = 1.03–1.93], statistical reliability = 98.2%). Conclusions: Post-CPB blood processing affects the likelihood for both receiving an intraoperative post-CPB RBC transfusion and for hematocrit change, with HB use resulting in the lowest predicted risk for transfusion, and NO the highest.