bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An animal evaluation of a paste of chitosan glutamate and hydroxyapatite as a synthetic bone graft material
Authors: Mukherjee D. P. , Tunkle A. S. , Roberts R. A. , Clavenna A. , Rogers S. , Smith D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a synthetic bone graft in a paste form. Reported here are the results of the evaluation of a paste of chitosan glutamate (Protosan®) and hydroxyapatite (referred to as a paste) used in a critical size defect model in rats. Eight–millimeter—diameter cranial defects were made in rat calvaria following a protocol approved by the animal review committee. Five groups were studied: (1) empty control, (2) defect filled with paste only, (3) defect filled with the paste containing bone‐marrow aspirate, (4) defect filled with paste containing BMP‐2, and (5) defect filled with paste containing osteoblasts cultured from bone‐marrow aspirate. The sacrifice intervals were 9 and 18 weeks. Calvaria containing the defect were harvested, and the bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Push‐out strength measurements were also performed. The BMD values of empty control were significantly lower than those of other groups at both 9 and 18 weeks. The mechanical properties, that is, push‐out strengths and area under the push‐out load and displacement were not significantly different between the samples. Histological examination of Goldner‐trichromestained undecalcified sections showed the presence of mineralized bone spicules in the defect areas that were more prominent in those filled with paste and osteoblasts cultured from bone‐marrow aspirate. Hence, this study demonstrated that the paste of chitosan glutamate and hydroxyapatite‐containing osteoblasts cultured from bone‐marrow aspirate would be an effective material to repair bone defects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 603–609, 2003
A new model of implant‐related osteomyelitis in rats
Authors: Lucke M. , Schmidmaier G. , Sadoni S. , Wildemann B. , Schiller R. , Stemberger A. , Haas N.P. , Raschke M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractInfection related to osteosynthesis often has dramatic consequences for the patient. Prolonged hospitalization with systemic antibiotic therapy, several revision procedures, possible amputation, and even death may occur. To investigate the pathology of infection in orthopedic surgery, a new rat model of implant related osteomyelitis was developed. Three different concentrations (106, 103, and 102 colony‐forming units (CFU)/10 μl) of Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated into the tibial medullary cavity with simultaneous insertion of a titanium Kirschner wire. Controls received phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Each group consisted of 10 animals. Animals were followed for 4 weeks until sacrifice. X‐rays of the tibiae were taken weekly, blood counts were analyzed, and body temperature and weight were determined. After sacrifice, infection was evaluated by histological and microbiological investigations. All animals inoculated with Staph. aureus in either concentration developed microbiological, histological, and radiological signs of osteomyelitis in correlation to the amount of inoculated bacteria. X‐rays clearly revealed osseous destruction after 14 days with progression of osteomyelitis during the following weeks. CFU/g bone and bone weight after sacrifice showed dependence on the amount of inoculated CFU. The histological results confirmed the radiological findings. No significant changes in blood counts, body weight, and body temperature between the groups could be observed. The results demonstrate that it is possible to develop a model of implant‐related osteomyelitis in rats with dependence on the amount of inoculated bacteria. No other promoters of infection besides intramedullary insertion of titanium Kirschner wires were used in this model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 593–602, 2003
Phase evolution during the formation of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite at 37.4 °C
Authors: Greish Yaser E. , Brown Paul W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe mechanism of formation of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite in aqueous solution by the acid–base reaction of the precursor calcium phosphates tetracalcium phosphate [Ca4(PO4)2O, TetCP] and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4, DCPA) was investigated. Phase evolution during the formation of hydroxyapatite was studied, and could be correlated with the kinetics of reaction. Initial dissolution of precursors is followed by hydroxyapatite nucleation and growth. Consumption of DCPA precedes that of TetCP and results in the formation of nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite. As a result of continued TetCP dissolution, the pH of the solution increases towards a pH at which hydroxyapatite and Ca(OH)2 co‐exist in equilibrium. Hydroxyapatite formation takes place in two stages: initially formed, nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite subsequently reacts with TetCP and is converted to stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 632–637, 2003
Polydimethylsiloxane versus polytetrafluoroethylene for vocal fold medialization: Histologic evaluation in a rabbit model
Authors: Caballero Miguel , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel , Calvo Carlos , Farrè Xavier , Quintó Lorenc , Alòs Lucia 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe objective is to study the tissue reaction of the paralyzed vocal cord in response to the injection of particulate plastics in a rabbit model. Forty‐five New Zealand rabbits with surgical vocal‐fold paralysis were used in the study. Histologic reactions of the larynx and the regional lymph nodes were analyzed by a single blinded pathologist at 6 weeks and 6 months after a vocal‐cord injection of Teflon or of silicone elastomer. Macroscopic studies of the liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, and brain were performed. The histological study showed a greater proportion of chronic granulomatous inflammation in animals injected with silicone than in those injected with Teflon. The immunohistochemical study showed a higher degree of phagocytosis of Teflon particles than of the silicone particles. The silicone group presented a more severe fibrous reaction than the Teflon group, but the difference was not significant. No migration particles were found. It is concluded that silicone, having a greater viscosity than Teflon because of the size of its particles, induces more fibrosis and a larger proportion of foreign giant cells in the host. Due to this histological reaction, silicone particles present greater anchorage and stability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 666–674, 2003
Host protection against deliberate bacterial contamination of an extracellular matrix bioscaffold versus Dacron™ mesh in a dog model of orthopedic soft tissue repair
Authors: Badylak Stephen F. , Ching Wu Ching , Bible Melissa , McPherson Edward 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe resistance of two biomaterials, one synthetic and one biologic in origin, to deliberate bacterial infection was compared in a dog model of orthopedic soft tissue reconstruction. Twenty‐four adult female dogs were randomly divided into two equal groups and a 2.0‐cm‐round full‐thickness defect was created on the lateral surface of the stifle joint, leaving only the synovium and skin intact. The defect was surgically repaired with either Dacron™ mesh or a porcine derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold material. The repair site was inoculated with 1 × 108 Staphylococcus aureus at the time of surgery and the dogs were survived for 28 days. Results showed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammatory response at the Dacron™ implant sites versus a constructive tissue‐remodeling response without residual inflammation at the ECM implant site. Three dogs in the group receiving the Dacron™ mesh were treated with Keflex™ (500 mg bid × 7 days) for signs of septicemia. A quantitative bacterial count of the implant sites at the time of sacrifice showed 6.52 × 105 ± 1.2 × 106 and 6.5 × 102 ± 1.8 × 103 bacteria per gram of tissue for the Dacron™ and ECM scaffold sites, respectively (P < .03). The ECM implant material was more resistant than the synthetic implant material to persistent infection following deliberate bacterial contamination and the ECM scaffold supported constructive tissue remodeling. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 648–654, 2003
Temperature elevation after vertebroplasty with polymethyl‐methacrylate in the goat spine
Authors: Verlaan Jorrit‐Jan , Oner F. Cumhur , Verbout Abraham J. , Dhert Wouter J. A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlthough the general complication rate for vertebroplasty is low, neural compression and thermal damage have been related to the use of polymethyl‐methacrylate cement. This study focuses on the risk of thermal tissue damage after vertebroplasty. In this study, cavities were created by a transpedicular approach in the vertebral bodies (L3, L4, and L5) of four milk goats, and polymethyl‐methacrylate cement was injected. In three locations (the bone–cement interface, the epidural space, and the disc space) the temperature was measured in regular intervals after injection of the cement. The mean injected volume was 0.8 ml, which accounted for a 22% volume fraction. The mean peak temperature of the bone–cement interface was 44.6 °C, while the maximum temperature at the epidural space and disc space was 37.0 and 37.5 °C, respectively. The local temperature measured afterin vivovertebroplasty did not reach values that are known to cause tissue necrosis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 581–585, 2003
Cavernous hemangioma of the breast: Mammographic and sonographic findings and follow‐up in a patient receiving hormone‐replacement therapy
Authors: Mesurolle Benoît , Wexler Marvin , Halwani Fawaz , Aldis Ann , Veksler Anna , Kao Ellen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe report the case of a 78‐year‐old woman who had been receiving hormone‐replacement therapy (HRT) for 6 years and had a 4‐month history of a painless nodule in the 9 o'clock position in her right breast. Mammography performed 4 years previously had shown a 4‐mm bilobed, ovoid, well‐defined nodule in that location; mammography performed 1 year previously had shown that the nodule had increased to 6 mm. We performed mammographic and sonographic examinations, which revealed a 10‐mm ovoid nodule in the same 9 o'clock position in the right breast. The imaging findings appeared to indicate benignity, but because of the increasing size of the nodule, we undertook an ultrasound‐guided large‐core needle biopsy. The histopathologic diagnosis was typical cavernous hemangioma. It was not excised, but HRT was discontinued. Follow‐up mammography and sonography 8 months later showed that the nodule had decreased to 6 mm. We believe that the HRT played a contributory role in the increasing size of this patient's cavernous hemangioma. The use of ultrasound‐guided large‐core needle biopsy is reliable enough to ascertain the benignity of such masses and can thus avoid, if it is clinically appropriate, the need for their surgical removal. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:430–436, 2003
Mirror‐image artifact mimicking epidural hematoma: Usefulness of power doppler sonography
Authors: Cakmakci Handan , Gulcu Aytac , Zenger M. Noyan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDuring sonographic examination, a mirror‐like interface can scatter the ultrasound beam, producing mirror‐image artifacts. We describe a case of bilateral parietal cephalhematoma in the parietal region of a 2‐day‐old neonate that mimicked bilateral epidural hematoma on routine sonographic examination. Forceps had been used during delivery, and the neonate had been experiencing episodes of apnea since birth. Gray‐scale coronal sonograms showed anechoic structures resembling epidural hematomas in the left and right parietal regions. However, color and power Doppler sonography showed normal vascular findings, thus permitting identification of the mirror‐image artifact. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:437–439, 2003
Sonographic evaluation of the anterior liver surface in chronic liver diseases using a 7.5‐MHz annular‐array transducer: Correlation with laparoscopic and histopathologic findings
Authors: Nagata Naruhiko , Miyachi Hayato , Nakano Atsushi , Nanri Kazuhide , Kobayashi Hisao , Matsuzaki Shohei 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeWe studied the sonographic appearance of the anterior liver surface using an ultrasound scanner equipped with a 7.5‐MHz annular‐array transducer to determine the accuracy of this imaging modality in monitoring the course of chronic liver diseases.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated patterns of the liver surface in the sonograms of 77 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases who had undergone sonographic examination with a 7.5‐MHz annular‐array transducer and a 3.75‐MHz convex‐array transducer over a 2‐year period and compared these findings with those of laparoscopy (using previously described categories) and histopathology.ResultsHistopathologically confirmed disease prevalences for inactive chronic hepatitis, active chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and others were 10% (8/77), 56% (43/77), 29% (22/77), and 5% (4/77), respectively. The sonographic appearance of the liver surface with the 3.75‐MHz transducer was classified as either a regular or an irregular pattern. The regular pattern corresponded to 69% (34/50) of the cases in laparoscopic category 200 or 300 and the irregular pattern with 85% (23/27) of the cases in category 400 or 500. The sonographic appearance of the liver surface with the 7.5‐MHz transducer was classified as regular, unevenly irregular, diffusely irregular, or nodular. These 4 patterns detected 75% (24/32), 78% (14/18), 52% (12/23), and 75% (3/4) of the cases of laparoscopic categories 200, 300, 400, and 500, respectively. In a comparison of the sonographic patterns of the liver surface with the differential histopathologic findings, the regular sonographic pattern corresponded to 88% (7/8) of the cases of inactive chronic hepatitis, the unevenly irregular pattern with 35% (15/43) of the cases of active chronic hepatitis, and the diffusely irregular and nodular patterns (considered as 1 group) with 68% (15/22) of the cases of liver cirrhosis.ConclusionsOur results suggest that sonographic evaluation of the liver surface with a 7.5‐MHz annular‐array transducer using this classification provides detailed information on the evolution of chronic liver diseases that correlates with the laparoscopic and histopathologic findings and thus is a useful noninvasive method for monitoring the disease course to cirrhosis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31: 393–400, 2003
Diagnosis of arterial occlusive disease of the upper extremities: Comparison of color duplex sonography and angiography
Authors: Tola Muharrem , Yurdakul Mehmet , Ökten Sarper , Özdemir Ensar , Cumhur Turhan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the abilities of color duplex sonography (CDUS) to detect and characterize arterial occlusive disease of the upper extremities.MethodsWe prospectively compared the results of CDUS with those of intra‐arterial digital subtraction angiography, which were considered definitive, in patients with symptomatic arterial occlusive disease of the upper extremities. In each extremity, we visualized 9 arterial segments, which were each evaluated for stenoses and occlusions. Each segment was categorized on each imaging modality as not significantly narrowed (narrowed by <50%), significantly narrowed (narrowed by ≥50% but <100%), or occluded (100%).ResultsWe examined a total of 578 segments in 57 patients (34 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20–74 years). CDUS had a sensitivity, a specificity, a positive predictive value, a negative predictive value, and an accuracy of 98%, 99%, 97%, 99.5%, and 99%, respectively, for detecting occluded lesions and 79%, 100%, 100%, 99%, and 99%, respectively, for detecting hemodynamically significantly stenotic lesions. Notably, the sensitivity of CDUS for diagnosing significantly stenotic lesions (79%) was lower than that for diagnosing occlusive disease (98%).ConclusionsWith high sensitivity and accuracy rates, CDUS is a reliable screening method for detecting arterial occlusive disease of the upper extremities. This modality efficiently provides anatomic and hemodynamic data that are useful in cases of such disease. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:407–411, 2003
Transvaginal sonographic appearance of thrombosed uterine arteries after uterine artery embolization: the “White Snake” sign
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Ray Charles E. , Conyers Carolyn 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this prospective study was to describe the appearance of thrombosed uterine arteries on transvaginal sonography performed after uterine artery embolization (UAE) and to assess the prognostic value of the “white snake” sign with regard to symptomatic outcome at 12 months.MethodsPatients who underwent UAE from January 1, 1999, to July 31, 2000, for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas were included in the study. Transvaginal sonography was performed before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after UAE. Patients graded the severity of their symptoms on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being the least and 5 the most severe, before and at 12 months after the procedure. The Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to determine correlations between severity of symptoms and presence of the white snake sign; a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsDuring the study period, UAE was performed in 19 patients with a mean age of 41 years (range, 32–48 years). UAE was technically successful in all patients. Eighteen patients (95%) reported symptomatic improvement at 12 months: 8 patients (42%) by 4 severity‐scale points, 5(26%) by 3 points, and 5 (26%) by 2 points. The 1 patient who did not experience improvement had undergone a hysterectomy at 4 months after the UAE. At the 3‐month follow‐up, transvaginal sonography demonstrated a tortuous echogenic structure in the adnexa (the white snake sign) in all patients; the finding was still apparent in 10 patients at 6 months but in only 2 patients at 12 months. A direct correlation was found between persistence of the white snake sign and the degree of symptomatic improvement at 6 months (p = 0.04) but not at 12 months (p = 0.08).ConclusionsAfter UAE, a thrombosed uterine artery appears on transvaginal sonography as an echogenic tortuous structure in the adnexa. Persistence of this white snake sign at 6 months after UAE may suggest a more favorable symptomatic outcome. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:401–406, 2003
Echogenic fetal lung masses: Comparison of prenatal sonographic and postnatal CT findings
Authors: Lee Hak Jong , Song Mi Jin , Cho Jeong Yeon , Lee Young‐Ho 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to compare changes in size and appearance of fetal lung masses detected on prenatal sonography with those on postnatal CT.Patients and MethodsSixteen fetuses with echogenic lung masses had undergone serial sonography in utero as well as postnatal CT scanning. Changes in size of the masses were determined by comparing initial and follow‐up sonograms. The appearance of the lesions on postnatal CT scans was classified as consolidation, cavity, ground‐glass opacity, or atelectasis. All sonographic and CT findings were analyzed by 2 experienced radiologists who were unaware of previous imaging results.ResultsThe initial mean size of the fetal lung masses on prenatal sonography was 31 (anteroposterior dimension) × 25 (width) × 36 (craniocaudal length) mm. Follow‐up serial sonography revealed complete regression of 10 masses, no change in 4, partial regression of 1, and increased size in 1. On postnatal chest CT, the mean mass size was 32 × 22 × 28 mm; 6 lesions showed no size change from that on the initial sonograms, 6 showed partial regression, and 4 showed an increase in size. Of the 10 cases with apparently complete regression on prenatal sonography, all showed positive findings on postnatal CT.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between prenatal sonographic and postnatal CT findings supports the assumption that regression of lung masses during serial prenatal sonographic follow‐up does not always indicate their complete regression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:419–424, 2003
Gas‐phase ion thermochemistry in organometallic systems
Authors: Operti Lorenza , Rabezzana Roberto 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

I.
Introduction
408

II.
Techniques Employed to Measure Binding Energies
409

A.  Continuous‐Ejection Technique (CE)
409

B.  Equilibrium Measurements
409

C.  Kinetic Method
410

D.  Radiative Association (RA) Kinetics Method
410

E.  Threshold‐CID Experiments
410

F.  Zero‐Pressure Thermal Radiation‐Induced Dissociation Technique (ZTRID)
411

III.
Metal Ion—Ligand Binding Energies
411

A.  Lithium
411

B.  Sodium
412

C.  Magnesium
413

D.  Aluminum
414

E.  Silicon
414

F.  Potassium
414

G.  Calcium, Strontium
415

H.  Scandium
415

I.  Titanium
415

J.  Vanadium
415

K.  Chromium
416

L.  Manganese
416

M.  Iron
416

N.  Cobalt, Nickel
419

O.  Copper
419

P.  Zinc
421

Q.  Rubidium, Cesium
421

R.  Molibdenum, Tungsten
423

S.  Silver, Cadmium
423

T.  Platinum
425

References

425

This review represents a general overview on the determination of bond energies in gas‐phase organometallic systems. The paper focuses on articles published in the last 7 years, whose main scope was to experimentally measure metal ion–ligand binding energies. Therefore, studies of reactivity and characterization of ion complexes are not included, even if some of them display bond energies among the data measured. Bond energies are presented according to the metal ion complexed, in increasing order of atomic number. Periodic trends of binding energies and correlations among the various ligand are discussed. A brief summary of the most used techniques specifically devoted to gather bond energies is also provided. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 22:407–428, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10065
Stability and accuracy of the iterative differential quadrature method
Authors: Tomasiello Stefania 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this paper the stability and accuracy of an iterative method based on differential quadrature rules will be discussed. The method has already been proposed by the author in a previous work, where its good performance has been shown. Nevertheless, discussion about stability and accuracy remained open. An answer to this question will be provided in this paper, where the conditional stability of the method will be pointed out, in addition to an examination of the possible errors which arise under certain conditions. The discussion will be preceded by an overview of the method and its foundations, i.e. the differential quadrature rules, and followed by a numerical case which shows how the method behaves when applied to reduce continuous systems to two‐degree‐of‐freedom systems in the non‐linear range. In particular, here the case of oscillators coupled in non‐linear terms will be treated. The numerical results, used to draw Poincaré maps, will be compared with those obtained by using the Runge–Kutta method with a high precision goal. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.