bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Prophylactic Postoperative β-Blockade on Post-Cardiothoracic Surgery Length of Stay and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Coleman Craig I , Perkerson Kristen A , Gillespie Effie L , Kluger Jeffrey , Gallagher Robert , Horowitz Sheryl , White C Michael 
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of hospital length of stay (LOS), overall mortality, pulmonary edema, and need for a balloon pump. A meta-analysis of 2 previous trials showed a nonsignificant reduction in LOS with postoperative β-blockers but only encompassed 1200 patients, with few valve surgery patients, and neither study used a hospital within the US. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of postoperative β-blockers on LOS and AF. Secondary endpoints of overall mortality, pulmonary edema, and need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) were also evaluated between groups. METHODS This was a prospective cohort evaluation of all patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery at our institution between October 1999 and October 2003. Patients receiving prophylactic postoperative β-blockers were matched (1:1) with patients not receiving prophylaxis for age >70 years, valvular surgery, history of AF, gender, and use of preoperative digoxin and β-blockers. RESULTS Patients (n = 1660) receiving postoperative β-blockade had a reduction in LOS (mean ± SD 10.22 ± 11.38 vs 12.40 ± 15.67; p = 0.001) and AF (23.5% vs 28.4%; p = 0.02). Mortality, pulmonary edema, and need for IABP were reduced by >50% (p < 0.001; p = 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively), while myocardial infarction and stroke were not significantly impacted. CONCLUSIONS In this observational cohort study, prophylactic postoperative β-blocker use was associated with shorter hospital LOS by an average of 2.2 days and a 17.3% lower incidence of AF. It may also be associated with reductions in overall mortality, pulmonary edema, and need for an IABP.
Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well‐being of employees
Authors: Kaukiainen Ari , Salmivalli Christina , Björkqvist Kaj , Österman Karin , Lahtinen Auli , Kostamo Anne , Lagerspetz Kirsti 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAggressive behavior was studied in workplaces having (1) predominantly male, (2) predominantly female, or (3) both male and female employees in equal or near equal frequencies. In addition to examining the occurrence of different types of aggression in these workplaces, the question of whether being a target of aggression is related to employees’ subjective well‐being was addressed. One hundred sixty‐nine participants (mainly 30–50 years of age) employed in a wide range of organizations in the public sector completed a questionnaire measuring four types of observed and experienced aggression: direct overt, indirect manipulative, covert insinuative, and rational‐appearing aggression. Indirect manipulative and rational‐appearing aggression were perceived to be the most widely used aggression styles in the work context. In the predominantly male workplaces, the men were perceived to use more of all types of aggression than in the predominantly female workplaces. The women’s aggression was not related to the relative number of females and males with whom they worked. Participants were divided into two groups on the basis of the extent to which they estimated themselves to be targets of workplace aggression. Those who considered themselves to be victims of workplace aggression suffered significantly more from psychosocial problems and physical symptoms than those who had been victimized to a lesser extent or not at all. The victimized group also considered the aggression they had suffered to be the reason for their psychosocial and health problems. Aggr. Behav. 27:360–371, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal territoriality as an offspring defense strategy in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard)
Authors: Figler Michael H. , Blank Grant S. , Peeke Harman V.S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe offspring‐defense hypothesis of maternal territoriality in solitary and semisocial mammals [Wolff JO and Peterson JA. 1998. Ethol Ecol Evol 10:227–239] was evaluated in another taxon using maternal and nonmaternal female red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), a freshwater decapod crustacean that shows pronounced shelter‐related maternal aggression. The maternal females were of three different categories: (1) ovigerous, (2) carrying primarily stage 1 offspring, or (3) tending offspring that were primarily stage 2. Each female was in residence in an individual aquarium containing only a gravel substrate for 24 hr prior to serial intrusions by male conspecifics. Virtually all of the residents, maternal and nonmaternal, excavated a depression (shelter) in the substrate prior to the first intrusion. The results showed that residents in each of the maternal categories won a significantly higher proportion of their encounters than did the nonmaternal residents, which showed only negligible defense and lost every encounter. However, there were no significant differences in encounter outcomes between the maternal resident categories. There was clear defense of the shelter by maternal females, with virtually all fighting being in or around it, thus demonstrating stable, heightened territorial defense throughout these maternal phases of reproduction. This support of the offspring‐defense hypothesis of maternal territoriality is the first such evidence for a freshwater crustacean and is very similar to that recently reported in a related marine decapod, the American lobster (H. americanus). Aggr. Behav. 27:391–403, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidation and Ammoxidation of Aromatics
Authors: Lücke B. , Narayana K. V. , Martin A. , Jähnisch K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn overview of the state of the art in the direct oxygen or nitrogen insertion to aromatic rings and side‐chains by hydroxylation, acetoxylation, partial oxidation and ammoxidation is presented. The influence of a variety of catalysts and oxidants on the yields of hydroxylated products of aromatic species is discussed in more detail. The survey is also focussed on the usage of H2O2 as an effective oxidising agent for hydroxylation reactions. Acetoxylation of methyl‐substituted aromatic compounds to their corresponding esters in a single step is indeed an interesting area from an industrial point of view. Hence, the topics covering benzylic acetoxylation, although they are under a developmental stage for commercial exploitation, are also reviewed. The present contribution also covers the main directions of selective oxidation/ammoxidation of aromatic compounds to useful products, surveys recent developments and provides an updated discussion of the state of the art in the field of oxidation and ammoxidation of aromatics. Additionally, a comparative study of the vapour phase oxidation and ammoxidation of different alkyl aromatics to their corresponding aldehydes and nitriles using various heterogeneous catalysts is presented. Besides, the achievements and limitations of the catalysts/processes are emphasised. Furthermore, the present article includes a discussion of common features and differences in mechanistic steps of oxidation and ammoxidation reactions investigated by in situ FITR spectroscopy. The influence of acid‐base properties of catalyst surfaces in connection with electronic effects of the substituents on the performance of the catalysts is also described.
Molecular Recognition Between a Water‐Soluble Organometallic Complex and a β‐Cyclodextrin: First Example of Second‐Sphere Coordination Adducts Possessing a Catalytic Activity
Authors: Caron Laurent , Bricout Hervé , Tilloy Sébastien , Ponchel Anne , Landy David , Fourmentin Sophie , Monflier Eric 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFormation of stable second‐sphere adducts between a water‐soluble organometallic complex and a cyclodextrin (CD) is possible by finely designing the structure of the water‐soluble phosphane. The key point to obtain such adducts was the synthesis of a water‐soluble phosphane which possesses a tert‐butylphenyl group recognized by the CD and separated from the phosphorus atom by a phenyl ring to avoid phosphane decoordination during the molecular recognition process between the organometallic complex and the CD. These adducts are able to catalyze the cleavage of water‐insoluble carbonate in a biphasic system.
Bifunctional Catalysts Stabilized on Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide for One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral Diols
Authors: Choudary Boyapati M. , Jyothi Karangula , Roy Moumita , Kantam Mannepalli L. , Sreedhar Bojja 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNew bifunctional catalysts composed of PdCl42−, OsO42− and OsO42−, WO42− designed and prepared by a counterionic stabilization technique involving the reactions of Na2PdCl4‐K2OsO4 and K2OsO4‐Na2WO4 with nanocrystalline MgO are well characterized. These bifunctional catalysts, NAP‐Mg‐PdOs and NAP‐Mg‐OsW perform tandem Heck asymmetric dihydroxylation and asymmetric dihydroxylation‐N‐oxidation reactions, respectively, in the presence of the chiral ligand 1,4‐bis(9‐o‐dihydroquinidinyl)phthalazine [(DHQD)2PHAL] in a single pot. It is quite impressive to note that H2O2 is used as a terminal oxidant to provide N‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide (NMO) in situ by the oxidation of N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) in the asymmetric dihydroxylation‐N‐oxidation catalyzed by NAP‐Mg‐OsW.
Erbium(III) Triflate as an Extremely Active Acylation Catalyst
Authors: Procopio Antonio , Dalpozzo Renato , De Nino Antonio , Maiuolo Loredana , Russo Beatrice , Sindona Giovanni 
Published: October 2004

AbstractErbium(III) triflate is a powerful catalyst for the acylation of alcohols and phenols. The reaction works well for a large variety of simple and functionalized substrates by using different kinds of acidic anhydrides {Ac2O, (EtCO)2O, [(CH3)3CO]2O, Bz2O, and (CF3CO)2O} without isomerisation of chiral centres. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recycled and reused without significant loss of activity.
Water as an Ideal Solvent for the Synthesis of Easily Hydrolyzable Compounds: High‐Yield Preparation of 2‐Pyrrolecarbaldimines and their CVD/ALD‐Relevant Cu(II) Derivatives in H2O
Authors: Grushin Vladimir V. , Marshall William J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWater was found to be an ideal solvent for the remarkably high‐yield, fast preparation of easily hydrolyzable 2‐pyrrolecarbaldimines. In the presence of Cu2+, the reaction afforded, in one step, the corresponding Cu(II) chelates which were demonstrated to meet the initial set of current microelectronics criteria for Cu metal deposition via a CVD/ALD process. Electronic effects of the substituent on the imino nitrogen of the Cu complexes were shown to strongly influence the coordination geometry at the Cu center.
Changes in beef consumption and retailing competitiveness in Brazil: A rapid appraisal
Authors: Aguiar Danilo R.D. , Silva Andrea Lago da 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper analyzed the competitiveness of beef retailing in Brazil. We carried out a rapid appraisal by means of extensive usage of secondary information, key informant semistructured interviews and direct observation all around the country. We found that beef has been losing competitiveness to other meats in part because of price disadvantage and in part because of marketing inefficiencies. The critical points are: the intermittent quality, unhealthy image and high price of beef, the low level of income of most consumers, inept enforcement of safety regulations, and failing vertical coordination. An important outcome of this study is that most of the problems faced by retailers do not depend only on them. However, retailers need to play a dominant role in dealing with these issues because they represent the most organized segment of the Brazilian beef system. [Econ‐Lit citations: L 660, L 810]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impacts from meatpacking firm mergers in an experimental market
Authors: Ward Clement E. , Lee Jong‐In 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Fed Cattle Market Simulator (FCMS), an experimental market, was used to estimate impacts from two meatpacking firm mergers. Data were collected from two FCMS workshops with large agribusiness firms. Experimental mergers involved the two smaller packers in the market in one case and the two larger packers in another. During the merger period, market prices were significantly higher than prior to the merger in both cases. Following the dissolution, results were mixed. Management of the merged firms appeared to significantly affect how effectively merged packers operated, thus affecting both behavior and performance. For both mergers, profits of the merged firm were higher relative to profits of rival firms. Merged firms appeared to have achieved some synergies in procurement or economies of scope (i.e., multi‐plant economies). An increased Herfindahl index was associated with lower fed cattle prices in one case and higher prices in the other. [EconLit citations: L130, L290, L660]. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Factors influencing probability and frequency of participation in merger and partnership activity in agricultural cooperatives
Authors: Hudson Darren , Herndon Cary W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractConsolidation and concentration in agriculture continue to be important topics. This paper uses a binomial probit model to assess the motivations for opportunities and participation in mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, and strategic alliances in agricultural cooperatives. A Poisson model is also used to investigate the frequency of participation in these activities. Results show that competition, patronage refunds, research and development, and market diversification all affect opportunities and participation. Firm size, placement in the market channel, and research and development activities appear to influence the frequency of participation. [EconLit Categories: Q13, G34.] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive resource: Skeletal gene database#
Authors: Jia Libin , Ho Nicola C. , Park Susan S. , Powell John , Francomano Clair A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Skeletal Gene Database (SGD) is an integrated resource that provides comprehensive information about bone‐related genes, mRNA, and proteins expressed in human and mouse, with rich links to numerous other electronic tools. SGD contains expressed sequence tag (EST) data from all the skeletal‐related cDNA libraries that are available to the public. It supplies the query/data access analytic tools for users to search and compare each gene expressed in skeletal tissue(s). The results derived from EST tissue expression profiling will allow users to get the data on the mRNA copy numbers of each gene expressed in each tissue and its normalized value. From the SGD, researchers can obtain information regarding the name, symbol, size, exon/intron number, chromosomal location, LocusLink, and related disease (if any is known) of each gene. This electronic compendium also furnishes information on the protein of the corresponding gene including the protein size (amino acid number and molecular weight). It provides swift and ready access to other useful databases including OMIM, UniGene and PUBMED. The data will be updated regularly in step with current and future research, thereby providing what we hope will serve as a highly useful source of information and a powerful analytic tool to the scientific community. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional dysregulation in skeletal malformation syndromes
Authors: Hermanns Pia , Lee Brendan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNormal skeletal development requires coordinated temporal and spatial gene expression patterns that specify the functions of various cell types. Transcription factors by definition coordinate this process and are themselves subject to hierarchical levels of regulation. Together they determine the context‐dependent function of each transcription factor. Hence, loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function mutations within specific transcription factors cause dysregulation of broad transcriptional networks. Consequences are usually dominantly inherited skeletal malformation syndromes that can be broadly viewed as consequences of defects of cellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival versus defects in pattern formation. The study of human phenotypes and mutations can lead to hypotheses about targets within the respective transcriptional network. These targets can then be confirmed by combining mouse genetic and in vitro studies. Although this has been successful in a small group of skeletal dysplasias, the majority of transcriptional networks during skeletogenesis remain to be elucidated. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial influence on age of onset among siblings with Huntington disease*
Authors: Rosenblatt Adam , Brinkman R.R. , Liang K.Y. , Almqvist E.W. , Margolis R.L. , Huang C.Y. , Sherr M. , Franz M.L. , Abbott M.H. , Hayden M.R. , Ross C.A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn order to provide data relevant to a search for modifying genes for age of onset in Huntington disease, we examined the relationship between CAG number and age of onset in a total of 370 individuals from 165 siblingships, in two cohorts of siblings with Huntington disease: an American group of 144 individuals from 64 siblingships, and a Canadian population of 255 individuals from 113 siblingships. Using a logarithmic model to regress the age of onset on the number of CAG triplets, we found that CAG number alone accounted for 65%–71% of the variance in age of onset. The siblingship an individual belonged to accounted for 11%–19% of additional variance. This adds to the previous evidence that there are familial modifiers of the age of onset, independent of the CAG number. Such modifiers may consist of additional genes, which could be the target of a linkage study. A linkage study is feasible with the cooperation of a number of major centers and may be made more efficient by concentrating on sibling pairs that are highly discordant for age of onset. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between 5HT‐2A and bipolar disorder irrespective of genomic imprinting
Authors: Murphy V.E. , Mynett‐Johnson L.A. , Claffey E. , Shields D.C. , McKeon P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRecent evidence that 5HT‐2A may be subjected to genomic imprinting prompted us to examine a collection of Irish family trios (an affected individual and both parents) for evidence of an association between 5HT‐2A and bipolar disorder. Family trios offer an advantage over case control studies in regard to genomic imprinting since with family trios it is possible to trace the path of alleles from the parents to the offspring. Using haplotype‐based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) and transmission/disequilibrium (TDT) analyses, no evidence was found for an association of 5HT‐2A with bipolar affective disorder under the assumption of no imprinting and of imprinting. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A tough noncombustible material prepared by grafting of poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) with vinyl chloride
Authors: Macho Vendelin , Králik Milan , Micka Milon , Komora Ladislav , Srokova Iva 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA noncombustible tough poly(vinyl chloride) (tPVC) was prepared by suspension‐grafted copolymerization of poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) (poly‐EHA; elastomer) with vinyl chloride (VC). Elastomer (poly‐EHA) was prepared by emulsion, mainly homopolymerization of 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate at a temperature of 30 ± 0.1°C in the presence of a redox system and with the advantage of dosing the monomer into two portions. Grafted‐suspension copolymerization of poly‐EHA with VC was carried out at 54 ± 0.1°C, keeping other reaction conditions only slightly modified in comparison with those for the polymerization of pure VC. An optimum content of the incorporated poly‐EHA in PVC was found to be in the range 7.5–8.5 wt %, whereas notched toughness of 85–87 kJ m−2 was reached. Both below and above the found range of the content of poly‐EHA, the toughness decreases. A copolymer prepared by a direct‐emulsion copolymerization of 2‐EHA and VC (poly‐EHA‐co‐VC) exhibited worse mechanical properties than the copolymer prepared by two polymerization steps. On the basis of experimental results, effects of the reaction procedure on the properties of resulting material are described. In addition to good mechanical properties, tPVC also shows its noncombustibly. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2355–2362, 2002
Effect of crosslinker, buffer, and blending on damping properties of poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile)/poly(ethyl acrylate‐ n‐butyl acrylate) latex interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Li Shucai , Zeng Wei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA series of poly(styrene‐acrylonitrile)/poly(ethyl acrylate‐n‐butyl acrylate) latex interpenetrating polymer networks (LIPNs) are synthesized by changing the kind of crosslinker and introducing a buffer. The results show that the crosslinker has an important effect on the damping properties of the LIPNs; divinylbenzene is the best crosslinker in the study. Moreover, introducing a buffer into LIPNs leads to an increase of the damping values over the temperature range where the damping value surpasses 0.5. The LIPN blend prepared by mixing LIPNs results in broadening of the damping peak, therefore improving the damping properties. Tests of the damping properties show that the LIPNs have good practical value. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2347–2351, 2002
Solubility of 1‐hexene in LLDPE synthesized by (2‐MeInd)2ZrCl2/MAO and by Mg(OEt)2/DIBP/TiCl4–TEA
Authors: Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Kim Sewon , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe solubility of 1‐hexene was measured for linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) produced over a heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalyst, Mg(OEt)2/DIBP/TiCl4–TEA (ZN), and over a homogeneous metallocene catalyst, (2‐MeInd)zZrCl2–MAO (MT). The 1‐hexene solubility in LLDPEs was well represented by the Flory–Huggins equation with a constant value of χ. ZN–LLDPEs dissolved a larger amount of 1‐hexene and thus showed a lower value of χ compared to MT–LLDPEs. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ, or the solubility of 1‐hexene at a given temperature and pressure, was suggested as a sensitive measure for the composition distribution of LLDPEs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1566–1571, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10418
Use of pyrolyzed oil shale as filler in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) with different vinyl acetate contents
Authors: Barbosa Ronilson Vasconcelos , Baumhardt‐Neto Ricardo , Mauler Raquel Santos , Gorga Carlos José Perez , Tedesco Adriana 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPyrolyzed oil shale (POS) obtained from the pyrolysis of bituminous rock was used as filler in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA). The effects of the VA content of EVA and the particle size of POS on the mechanical properties were investigated. The composites were prepared in a rotor mixer at 180°C with a concentration of POS of up to 30 wt %. The stress–strain plots of the compression‐molded composites are similar to the EVA (18% VA content) behavior for low concentrations (1–5 wt %) of POS with a particle size lower than 270 mesh. It was observed that decreasing the POS particle size and increasing the VA content of EVA produced better compatibility between the polymer and filler. The mechanical properties, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis also demonstrated the compatibility between EVA and POS under the increase of the VA content in the EVA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1544–1555, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10494