bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign Liver Tumors: Differential Diagnosis and Indications for Surgery
Authors: Weimann Arved , Ringe Burckhardt , Klempnauer Jürgen , Lamesch Peter , Gratz Klaus F. , Prokop Mathias , Maschek Hansjörg , Tusch Günter , Pichlmayr Rudolf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe differential diagnosis for hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and hepatocellular adenoma may be difficult. Reliable diagnosis is mandatory for the decision of whether to apply surgery or observation. Experience with long‐term observation in nonoperated patients with hemangioma and FNH is limited. A group of 437 patients from a single institution were analyzed with regard to a diagnostic algorithm, the indications for surgery, and observation. There were 238 hemangiomas, 150 cases of FNH, 44 adenomas, and 5 mixed tumors. Of the 437 patients, 173 underwent surgery; 103 with hemangioma and 54 with FNH were observed at our own institution, whereas 117 patients underwent follow‐up elsewhere or were lost. Among the operated patients with confirmed histology, a good diagnostic yield was found for a combination of ultrasonography (US), contrast (bolus)‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), and labeled red blood cell (RBC) scanning: sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) 81.8%, and accuracy 91.3%. For FNH the combination of US and CT plus cholescintigraphy showed a sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 97.1%, PPV 95.8%, NPV 84.6%, and accuracy 90.3%. Surgical mortality was 0.6%. Observation of patients with hemangioma and FNH for a median of 32 months revealed no increase in tumor size in 80% and a decrease in fewer than 7%. There was no tumor rupture and no evidence of malignant transformation. We concluded that liver hemangioma and FNH can be differentiated from adenoma with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy by labeled RBC scanning and cholescintigraphy in combination with US and contrast‐enhanced CT. In the case of symptoms or an equivocal diagnosis with respect to adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma, surgery can be performed with very low risk. Because in asymptomatic patients with observed hemangioma or FNH no increase of tumor size can be expected for many years, the indications for surgery must be carefully evaluated.
Topical Formalin for Management of Bleeding Malignant Ulcers
Authors: Adebamowo Clement A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Hemorrhage, an infrequent but serious complication of malignant ulceration, can be difficult to manage. Although many methods exist for treatment, none is wholly satisfactory. The use of topical formalin was studied in a group of patients with bleeding from malignant ulcers, and the results show that the agent achieved control of bleeding in 86% of the patients after two applications. There were no significant complications arising from the treatment. Topical formalin is a safe, inexpensive, effective agent for control of bleeding from malignant ulcers.
Response by coccinellids to spatial variation in cereal aphid density
Authors: Elliott N. , Kieckhefer R. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine if coccinellids adjusted their distribution within spring wheat fields in response to spatial variation cereal aphid density in the fields and to describe the patterns of cereal aphid population growth that resulted. Field experiments were completed in which the physical dimensions of patches infested with cereal aphids, cereal aphid density, and access to patches by coccinellids were varied. Aphid infestations consisted of naturally occurring densities (natural patches) and much greater densities created by supplementing patches with aphids (supplemented patches). Coccinellids were denied access to some supplemented patches (exclusion patches) but allowed unlimited access to others. Densities of adult Hippodamia convergens and Coccinella septempunctata were correlated with aphid density in patches whereas density of Coleomegilla maculata was not. Aggregation by coccinellids was independent of patch area. The realized aphid population growth rate (r) was lower in supplemented than natural patches in all four trials but was significantly lower in only one trial. The lower r in supplemented patches was not exclusively caused by coccinellid predation, and emigration of aphids from patches probably also contributed. r was significantly greater in exclusion patches than supplemented and natural patches, indicating that coccinellids markedly reduced aphid numbers in patches even when aphid density was extremely high.
Biliary atresia and the Kasai portoenterostomy: Never say never?
Authors: Ishitani Michael B. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

Background/Purpose:
Kasai portoenterostomy is recommended as the primary initial therapy for extrahepatic biliary atresia if the procedure can be performed within 10 to 12 weeks of life. The optimal management for infants with delayed presentation of biliary atresia remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate and outcome for patients who underwent a “late” Kasai portoenterostomy.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients with biliary atresia who underwent a Kasai portoenterostomy at their institution from 1986 to 1999 (n = 31). The authors analyzed success rates compared with age at the time of the Kasai procedure and the association with patient demographics. Surgical success was defined as achievement of a total serum bilirubin less than or equal to 2 mg/dL. Long-term follow-up assessments included the need for liver transplantation and patient survival rate.

Results:
The demographics of this study cohort showed a predominance of African-Americans. 19 of 31 (61%), and girls, 23 of 31 (74%). Assessment of success compared with subject age at the time of the initial portoenterostomy showed that 52% had successful Kasai procedure at 0 to 75 days, compared with 83% success rate at age 76 days or older (P = .359), Liver transplantation was performed in 16 of 31 patients (45%). Overall survival rate for the entire cohort is 23 of 31 (74%), whereas 12 of 31 (39%) are currently alive without a liver transplant.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that there is no contraindication to performing a Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia in children over 75 days of age.
Screw Fixation in Lag Fashion of Equine Cadaveric Metacarpal and Metatarsal Condylar Bone Specimens: A Biomechanical Comparison of Shaft and Cortex Screws
Authors: Rahm Claudia , Ito Keita , Auer Jörg 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To compare acute fixation stability and insertion effort of cortex bone screws with and without a shaft inserted in lag fashion in equine metacarpal (metatarsal, MC(T)III) bone.Methods—Screw types with independent variables of screw diameter (4.5 or 5.5 mm) and shaft type (without shaft, with 20‐mm shaft, or with 25‐mm shaft) were studied. Bone specimens cut from distal equine MC(T)III condyles were used. After screw insertion in lag fashion into 2 bone blocks with an instrumented device, shear tests were conducted in a mechanical testing machine. Outcome variables of peak insertion torque, insertion energy, stiffness, yield strength, and displacement at 3 kN of load were compared.Results—The effects of screw design were substantial. Screws with shaft were 30% to 40% stiffer and 60% to 70% stronger than screws without shaft. Screws with shaft could tolerate 80 to 95 kg more force than screws without shaft before yielding. At 3 kN load, the displacement with screws with shaft was 55% to 60% of that with screws without shaft. Screws with a long shaft tended to perform better than those with a short shaft. There was no difference in the shear stiffness, shear yield strength, or shear displacement between the 2 screw diameters. Although larger diameter screws required more insertion effort, and screws with a short shaft required the most insertion energy, these differences were small.Conclusions—Cortex screws with a long shaft of 4.5‐ or 5.5‐mm diameter provide better stability in equine MC(T)III condyle bone with less insertion effort compared with those with a short shaft or no shaft.Clinical Significance—Cortex bone screws with a shaft inserted in lag fashion should be considered for the fixation of equine MC(T)III condylar fractures.
Definition and Determination of Acetabular Component Orientation in Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Cross Alan R. , Newell Susan M. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To describe the spatial orientation of the cemented acetabular component in cemented total hip arthroplasty, based on a ventrodorsal and lateral radiographic projection of the pelvis.Methods—Equations were derived by using trigonometric relationships that describe the radiographic rotation about the longitudinal pelvic axis (α), transverse pelvic axis (β), acetabular inclination (φ), acetabular inclination corrected for longitudinal pelvic rotation, version (φC), acetabular version (θ), acetabular version corrected for longitudinal pelvic rotation (θC), acetabular inclination corrected for transverse pelvic rotation (φβ), and acetabular version corrected for transverse pelvic rotation (θβ)Results—α was calculated by using the equation α= sin−1(x/y) wherexis the transverse distance between the dorsal spinous processes and the center of the pubis on a ventrodorsal radiograph andyis the distance from the pubis to the dorsal aspect of the first coccygeal vertebra perpendicular to the long axis of the pelvis on a lateral radiograph. φ was calculated from the long axis (LA) and short axis (SA) of the ellipse formed by the radiopaque acetabular marker ring by using the equation φ= sin−1(SA/LA). φCwas calculated by using the equation φC=φ± (α ‐ tan−1(tan α cos θC)). θ was determined as previously described. θCwas calculated by using the equation θC= tan−1(tan θ cos α). φβand θβwere calculated with the equations φβ= tan−1(tan φ cos β) and θβ=θ− tan−1(sin β), respectively. β could not be accurately determined from ventrodorsal and lateral pelvic radiographs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These techniques allow for more accurate postoperative radiographic assessment of acetabular component positioning. This information can then be used in retrospective or prospective analyses examining that effects of implant positioning on clinical outcome.
Application of Arthroplasty Principles to Canine Cemented Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Schulz Kurt S. 
Published: August 2002

“Taking a long view, one may wonder whether joint replacement, though a brilliant tactical success, represents the true path of progress in orthopedics or whether it represents a very specialized but temporary makeshift.… A more fundamental knowledge of the biology of the cartilage cell … may lead to presently unconceived methods of preventing and treating chronic arthritis that will leave joint replacement as dead as a dinosaur.”–Davis LeVay, The History of Orthopedics
Fracture Healing After Stabilization With Intramedullary Xenograft Cortical Bone Pins: A Study in Pigeons
Authors: Wander Kathy W. , Schwarz Peter D. , James Susan P. , Powers Barbara E. , Taylor Bobbi , Wimsatt Jeffrey H. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To investigate the effectiveness of intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins compared with stainless steel Kirschner wire for the repair of a standardized avian humeral fracture.Study Design—Prospective randomized study.Sample Population—Thirty mature pigeons (Columba livia).Methods—Birds were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Transverse mid‐diaphyseal humeral fractures were created in 1 humerus in each bird. Fractures were stabilized with intramedullary ostrich or canine xenograft cortical bone pins or Kirschner wire. Radiographic, histological, and biomechanical assessments were used to compare fracture healing 6 weeks after fracture stabilization. The contralateral humerus of each bird was used as a control.Results—All fractures healed regardless of intramedullary pin type. There were no statistically significant biomechanical differences among groups or within groups. Xenograft cortical bone pins induced a mononuclear inflammatory reaction that did not impair bone healing. Bones stabilized with intramedullary cortical bone pins had more periosteal callus and inflammation at the fracture site than bones stabilized with stainless steel Kirschner wires.Conclusions—Intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins, derived from mammalian or avian sources, appear to represent an alternative for the repair of avian humeral fractures.Clinical Relevance—Intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins are biodegradable and may reduce the need for additional surgery to remove implants after fracture healing.
Evaluation of a Portocaval Venograft and Ameroid Ring for the Occlusion of Intrahepatic Portocaval Shunts in Dogs
Authors: Kyles Andrew E. , Gregory Clare R. , Jackson Joshua , Ilkiw Janet E. , Pascoe Peter J. , Adin Christopher , Samii Valerie F. , Herrgesell Eric 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate the use of a portocaval venograft and ameroid constrictor in the surgical management of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS).Study Design—Prospective, clinical study.Animal Population—Ten client‐owned dogs with intrahepatic PSS.Methods—Portal pressure was measured after temporary suture occlusion of the intrahepatic PSS. In dogs with an increase in portal pressure greater than 8 mm Hg, a single extrahepatic portocaval shunt was created using a jugular vein. An ameroid ring was placed around the venograft and the intrahepatic PSS was attenuated. Transcolonic pertechnetate scintigraphy was performed before surgery, 5 days after surgery, and 8 to 10 weeks after surgery. Dogs with continued portosystemic shunting were evaluated further by laparotomy or portography. Clinical outcome and complications were recorded.Results—Mean (± SD) portal pressure increased from 6 ± 3 to 19 ± 6 mm Hg with PSS occlusion; in all 10 dogs, the increase in portal pressure was greater than 8 mm Hg. There were no intraoperative complications, and, after creation of the portocaval shunt, the intrahepatic PSS could be completely ligated in 8 of 10 dogs. The final portal pressure was 9 ± 4 mm Hg. Postoperative complications included coagulopathy and death (1 dog), ascites (3 dogs), and incisional discharge (3 dogs). Five of 8 dogs had continued portosystemic shunting at 8 to 10 weeks after surgery. Multiple extrahepatic PSS were demonstrated in 4 of these dogs. Clinical outcome was excellent in all 9 surviving dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Significance—The surgical technique resulted in a high incidence of multiple extrahepatic PSS. Short‐term clinical results were promising, but long‐term outcome must be evaluated further.
Effects of 3.3‐MHz Ultrasound on Caudal Thigh Muscle Temperature in Dogs
Authors: Levine David , Millis Darryl L. , Mynatt Trevor 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To examine the tissue‐temperature changes that occur at various depths during 3.3‐MHz ultrasound (US) treatments of the caudal thigh muscles in dogs.Study Design—A prospective, randomized, experimental study.Animals—Ten mixed‐breed research dogs.Methods—Two US treatments, one at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2and one at 1.5 W/cm2, were administered to the caudal thigh region of 10 adult male and female hound‐type dogs weighing 20.5 to 25.0 kg. Needle thermistors were inserted in the caudal thigh muscles below the skin surface at depths of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm, directly under the US treatment area. Both intensities of US treatment were performed on each dog over a 10‐cm2area for 10 minutes using a sound head with an effective radiating area of 5 cm2. Treatments were administered in random order. Tissue temperature was measured before, during, and after US treatment until tissue temperature returned to baseline.Results—At the completion of the 10‐minute US treatment, the temperature rise at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2was 3.0°C at the 1.0‐cm depth, 2.3°C at 2.0‐cm depth, and 1.6°C at 3.0‐cm depth. At an intensity of 1.5 W/cm2, temperatures rose 4.6°C at the 1.0‐cm depth, 3.6°C at 2.0‐cm depth, and 2.4°C at 3.0‐cm depth. Tissue temperatures returned to baseline within 10 minutes or sooner after treatment in all dogs.Conclusions—This study demonstrates that significant heating occurs in the superficial thigh muscle of dogs during 3.3‐MHz US.Clinical Relevance—3.3‐MHz US can be used to increase superficial tissue temperature in dogs, although the amount of time that tissue temperature remains elevated is relatively short.
Serosal Injury in the Equine Jejunum and Ascending Colon After Ischemia‐Reperfusion or Intraluminal Distention and Decompression
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , Sullins Kenneth E. , White Nathaniel A. , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To document morphologic changes that occur in equine intestinal serosa after experimentally induced ischemia and subsequent reperfusion (jejunum, ascending colon) or after intraluminal distention and decompression (jejunum).Study Design—Morphologic effects of ischemia‐reperfusion or intraluminal distention‐decompression determined on the serosal layer of the equine jejunum. The large colon serosa was evaluated after ischemia‐reperfusion injury.Animals or Sample Population—Seven adult horses.Methods—After induction of general anesthesia and ventral median celiotomy, ischemia was created by arteriovenous (AVO) and lumen occlusion of a 20‐cm segment of jejunum and ascending colon for 70 minutes, followed by a 60‐minute reperfusion period. Intraluminal distention (25 cm H2O) was created in a second 20‐cm jejunal segment and maintained within the abdomen for 120 minutes, followed by a 120‐minute decompression period. Seromuscular biopsies were obtained upon entering the abdomen and after the ischemic and reperfusion periods, and after the distention and decompression periods along with corresponding control seromuscular biopsies. Samples were processed and examined by light microscopy, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy.Results—Ischemia and reperfusion, and intraluminal distention and decompression, resulted in severe morphologic changes in the seromuscular layer of equine jejunum. A similar period of ischemia‐reperfusion caused minimal changes in the ascending colon serosa.Conclusion—Adult equine jejunum sustains more serosal damage than the ascending colon after similar periods of ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Intraluminal distention and subsequent decompression causes serosal damage in the equine jejunum.Clinical Relevance—The small intestine is more susceptible to seromuscular layer damage than the ascending colon.
An in Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of Two Interlocking‐Nail Systems for Fixation of Ostectomized Equine Third Metacarpal Bones
Authors: Lopez Mandi J. , Wilson David G. , Trostle Steven S. , Markel Mark D. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To compare the mechanical properties of 2 interlocking‐nail systems for fixation of ostectomized equine third metacarpi (MC3): (1) a standard interlocking nail with 2 parallel screws proximal and distal to a 1‐cm ostectomy; and (2) a modified interlocking nail with 2 screws proximal and distal to a 1‐cm ostectomy with the screws offset by 30°.Animal or Sample Population—Twelve pairs of adult equine forelimbs intact from the midradius distally.Methods—Twelve pairs of equine MC3 were divided into 2 test groups (6 pairs each): torsion and caudocranial 4‐point bending. Standard interlocking nails (6‐hole, 13‐mm diameter, 230‐mm length) were placed in 1 randomly selected bone from each pair. Modified interlocking nails (6‐hole, 13‐mm, 230‐mm length, screw holes offset by 30°) were placed in the contralateral bone from each pair. All bones had 1‐cm mid‐diaphyseal ostectomies. Six construct pairs were tested in caudocranial 4‐point bending to determine stiffness and failure properties. The remaining 6 construct pairs were tested in torsion to determine torsional stiffness and yield load. Mean values for each fixation method were compared using a pairedttest within each group. Significance was set atP< .05.Results—Mean (±SEM) values for the MC3‐standard interlocking‐nail composite and the MC3‐modified interlocking‐nail composite, respectively, in 4‐point bending were: composite rigidity, 3,119 ± 334.5 Nm/rad (newton · meter/radian) and 3,185 ± 401.2 Nm/rad; yield bending moment, 205.0 ± 18.46 Nm and 186.7 ± 6.17 Nm; and failure bending moment, 366.4 ± 21.82 Nm and 378.1 ± 20.41 Nm. There were no significant differences in the biomechanical values for bending between the 2 fixation methods. In torsion, mean (±SEM) values for the MC3‐standard interlocking‐nail composite and the MC3‐modified interlocking‐nail composite were: composite rigidity, 135.5 ± 7.128 Nm/rad and 112.5 ± 7.432 Nm/rad; gap stiffness, 207.6 ± 10.57 Nm/rad and 181.7 ± 12.89 Nm/rad; and yield load, 123.3 ± 2.563 Nm and 107.5 ± 8.353 Nm, respectively. Composite rigidity and gap stiffness for standard interlocking‐nail fixations were significantly higher than the modified interlocking‐nail fixation technique in torsion. Yield load had a tendency to be higher for the standard interlocking‐nail fixation (P= .15).Conclusions—No significant differences in biomechanical properties were identified between a standard interlocking nail and one with the screw holes offset by 30° in caudocranial 4‐point bending. The standard interlocking nail was superior to the modified interlocking nail in torsional gap stiffness and composite rigidity. The torsional yield load also tended to be higher for the standard interlocking nail.Clinical Relevance—The standard interlocking nail with parallel screw holes is superior to a modified interlocking nail with the screw holes offset by 30° in ostectomized equine MC3 bones in vitro when tested in torsion.