bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D and associated factors in the semi-isolated Yanomami Amazonian indigenous community
Authors: Vasconcelos Mariana Pinheiro Alves , Sánchez-Arcila Juan Camilo , Peres Luciana , de Sousa Paulo Sérgio Fonseca , Castro-Alves Júlio , Albuquerque Hermano Gomes , Mendes-Correa Maria Cássia , Maia-Herzog Marilza , Lewis-Ximenez Lia Laura , Villar Lívia Melo , Oliveira-Ferreira Joseli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Viral hepatitis is a significant health concern among indigenous population in the Americas. In Brazil, reports find high endemicity of HBV and HDV infections has been reported in several indigenous groups. However, few studies have documented the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV in the Yanomami. In this study, the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D serological markers and potential risk factors were investigated to provide guidance for the development of strategies aimed at reducing viral transmission in the Yanomami indigenous villages.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2015 and included 430 individuals from four Yanomami villages: Alapusi (n = 78), Castanha/Ahima (n = 126), Gasolina (n = 105), and Taibrapa (n = 121). A rapid test was used for detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV and chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HDV antibodies.

Results
HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs were detected in 8.8, 45.5, and 49.4% of the participants, respectively. The estimated HBV status: current infection 9.6% (38/395); resolved infection 43.3% (171/395); vaccine immunity 20.5% (81/395), and susceptible to HBV 26.6% (105/395). Gasolina presented the lowest prevalence of HBV infection (6.5%) and the highest prevalence of vaccine immunity (26.9%). Children < 15 years old were highly susceptible to infection, as 53.1% did not have antibodies to HBV, while more than 80% of individuals over 45 years of age had been exposed to HBV. The markers for HDV were founded among 12.5% (4/32) of the HBsAg carriers. Anti-HCV was identified in all villages, with the highest prevalence in Alapusi (5.1%). Possible risk factors such as the use of piercings, tattoos, and contact with prospectors showed no statistical difference between the groups.

Conclusions
Viral hepatitis B and serological markers for HCV and HDV were found to be widely distributed among the Yanomami indigenous community, while the prevalence of vaccine immunity to HBV was low. This finding reinforces the importance of promoting systematized diagnostic and vaccination strategies in indigenous communities. Our data confirm that isolated and difficult-to-reach indigenous communities lack appropriate access to diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.
Left atrial conduit strain derived from cardiac magnetic resonance is an independent predictor of left ventricular reverse remodeling in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Ke , Chang Lei , Huang Rong , Wang Ziyan , Mu Dan , Wang Lian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In some patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), left ventricular (LV) function improves with medical assistance, resulting in left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). However, predictors of LVRR are not fully understood. The left atrium (LA) has been reported as a prognostic predictor in patients with heart failure (HF). The present study aimed to evaluate clinical predictors of LVRR related to LA function on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods
A total of 103 patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were enrolled in this retrospective study between September 2015 and July 2021. CMR parameters, including strain data, were measured in all patients. Echocardiographic data obtained approximately 2 years after enrollment were analyzed to assess LVRR.

Results
LVRR occurred in 46 patients (44.7%) during follow-up. The value of LA conduit strain was higher in the LVRR group than in the non-LVRR group (6.6 [interquartile range (IQR): 5.6–9.3]% versus 5.0 [IQR: 3.0-6.2]%; p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LA conduit strain was an independent predictor of LVRR (odds ratio [OR]: 1.216, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.050–1.408; p = 0.009). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the LA conduit strain was 0.746, and the cutoff value was 6.2%. The Kaplan‒Meier analysis revealed that the incidence of adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in patients with LA conduit strain > 6.2% compared to those with ⩽6.2%. (log-rank test, p = 0.019).

Conclusions
LA conduit strain derived from CMR is an independent predictor of LVRR in patients with NICM.
Frontal deficits and atrophy in a patient with familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies detected by single-case voxel-based morphometry: a case report
Authors: Handa Hideo , Sugiyama Atsuhiko , Kaname Tadashi , Shigemoto Yoko , Sato Noriko , Hirano Shigeki , Nakagawa Yuki , Uzawa Akiyuki , Aotsuka Akiyo , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and myoclonic epilepsy, caused by pathogenic variants of SERPINI1. We reported a case of genetically confirmed FENIB with de novo H338R mutation in the SERPINI1, in which frontal deficits including inattention and disinhibition, and relevant atrophy in the vmPFC on brain MRI were observed in the early stage of the disease.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old Japanese man presented with progressive inattention and disinhibition over 4 years followed by myoclonic epilepsy. The whole-genome sequencing and filtering analysis showed de novo heterozygous H338R mutation in the SERPINI1, confirming the diagnosis of FENIB. Single-case voxel-based morphometry using brain magnetic resonance imaging obtained at the initial visit revealed focal gray matter volume loss in the ventromedial prefrontal cortices, which is presumed to be associated with inattention and disinhibition.

Conclusion
Frontal deficits including inattention and disinhibition can be the presenting symptoms of patients with FENIB. Single-case voxel-based morphometry may be useful for detecting regional atrophy of the frontal lobe in FENIB. Detecting these abnormalities in the early stage of disease may be key findings for differentiating FENIB from other causes of progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
Global burden of potentially life-threatening maternal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baykemagn Fitiwi Tinsae , Abreha Girmatsion Fisseha , Zelelow Yibrah Berhe , Berhe Abadi Kidanemariam , Kahsay Alemayehu Bayray 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Potentially life-threatening maternal conditions (PLTCs) is an important proxy indicator of maternal mortality and the quality of maternal health services. It is helpful to monitor the rates of severe maternal morbidity to evaluate the quality of maternal care, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries. This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize available evidence on PLTCs.

Methods
We searched studies in English from 2009‒2023 in PubMed, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Gateway, the POPLINE database, and the Science Direct website. The study team independently reviewed the illegibility criteria of the articles. Two reviewers independently appraised the included articles using the Joanna Briggs Instrument for observational studies. Disputes between the reviewers were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. Meta-analysis was conducted in Stata version 16. The pooled proportion of PLTCs was calculated using the random effects model. The heterogeneity test was performed using the Cochrane Q test, and its level was determined using the I2 statistical result. Using Egger's test, the publication bias was assessed.

Result
Thirty-two cross-sectional, five case–control, and seven cohort studies published from 2009 to 2023 were included in the meta-analysis. The highest proportion of PLTC was 17.55% (95% CI: 15.51, 19.79) in Ethiopia, and the lowest was 0.83% (95% CI: 0.73, 0.95) in Iraq. The pooled proportion of PLTC was 6.98% (95% CI: 5.98–7.98). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence varied based on country income level: in low-income 13.44% (95% CI: 11.88–15.00) I2 = 89.90%, low-middle income 7.42% (95% CI: 5.99–8.86) I2 = 99.71%, upper-middle income 6.35% (95% CI: 4.21–8.50) I2 = 99.92%, and high-income 2.67% (95% CI: 2.34–2.99) I2 = 99.57%. Similarly, it varied based on the diagnosis criteria; WHO diagnosis criteria used 7.77% (95% CI: 6.10–9.44) I2 = 99.96% at P = 0.00, while the Centers for Disease Controls (CDC) diagnosis criteria used 2.19% (95% CI: 1.89–2.50) I2 = 99.41% at P = 0.00.

Conclusion
The pooled prevalence of PLTC is high globally, predominantly in low-income countries. The large disparity of potentially life-threatening conditions among different areas needs targeted intervention, particularly for women residing in low-income countries. The WHO diagnosis criteria minimize the underreporting of severe maternal morbidity.

Trial registration
CRD42023409229.
Expression and prognostic value of APOBEC2 in gastric adenocarcinoma and its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells
Authors: Wei Lipan , Wu Xiuqian , Wang Lan , Chen Ling , Wu Xuejun , Song Tiantian , Wang Yuanyuan , Chang Wenjun , Guo Aizhen , Niu Yongdong , Huang Haihua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 2 (APOBEC2) is associated with nucleotide alterations in the transcripts of tumor-related genes which are contributed to carcinogenesis. Expression and prognosis value of APOBEC2 in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains unclear.

Methods
The APOBEC2 gene alteration frequency of STAD and APOBEC2 gene expression in STAD and normal tissues were investigated in cBioportal and GEPIA, respectively. We detected expression of APOBEC2, infiltration of CD66b+ tumor-associated neutrophils and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages in tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. APOBEC2 gene expression was explored by western blot and qRT-PCR. Relationships between APOBEC2 and CD66b, CD163, and other clinicopathological characteristics were investigated. Associations among APOBEC2 expression status and patient survival outcome were further analyzed.

Results
APOBEC2 gene alteration frequency was 5%, and APOBEC2 gene was downexpressed in STAD compared to normal tissues (P < 0.05). APOBEC2 expression status were associated with the infiltration of CD66b+ TANs, differentiation grade, TNM stage, histological type and gender (all P < 0.05) in STAD. Little or no APOBEC2 expression was detected in STAD and adjacent normal tissues by western blot. We failed to show that APOBEC2 was an independent risk factor for OS (Hazard Ratio 0.816, 95%CI 0.574–1.161, P = 0.259) or DFS (Hazard Ratio 0.821, 95%CI 0.578–1.166, P = 0.270) in STAD by multivariate Cox regression analysis, but APOBEC2 negative subgroup has a worse OS and DFS among patients with adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions
APOBEC2 correlates with CD66b, differentiation grade, TNM stages, histological classification, and gender in STAD. APOBEC2 is not an independent prognostic factor for STAD, our results suggest that patients with positive APOBEC2 can benefit from postoperative chemotherapy, and combination of APOBEC2 and CD66b is helpful to further stratify patients into different groups with distinct prognoses.
Chalazion-mimicked eyelid angiosarcoma in a young Asian with good prognosis: a case report
Authors: Hwang Gyudeok , Kim Jong Ok , Paik Ji-Sun , Yang Suk-Woo , Cho Won-Kyung 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Angiosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor. So far, only about 42 cases of angiosarcoma involving the eyelids have been reported. Eyelid angiosarcoma occurs more frequently in elderly Caucasian males and is prone to misdiagnosis. We present a case report in a young Asian male patient with eyelid angiosarcoma that was misdiagnosed as a chalazion.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old South Korean male with no underlying disease had a right lower lid mass. The lesion was initially misdiagnosed as a chalazion at a local clinic, but a diagnosis of eyelid angiosarcoma was made after the first biopsy trial. PET-CT was performed to ensure that there was no metastasis in the whole body. Surgical excision with enough surgical margin was used alone for treatment and reconstruction was performed with a tarsoconjunctival advancement flap (modified Hughes procedure), which helped ensure good cosmesis. No recurrence was observed 4 years and 5 months after the surgery.

Conclusions
The current study presents the first case of chalazion-mimicked eyelid angiosarcoma in a young Asian male aged under 50 years. This case shows that even if a benign eyelid disease is suspected in a young patient, an incisional biopsy must be performed to confirm whether the lesion is malignant. Since the prognosis is good for the case of eyelid angiosarcoma, if there is no clear evidence of distal metastasis, surgical resection should be performed with an enough safety margin.
WaSH insecurity and anxiety among people who inject drugs in the Tijuana-San Diego border region
Authors: Avelar Portillo Lourdes Johanna , Calderón-Villarreal Alhelí , Abramovitz Daniela , Harvey-Vera Alicia , Cassels Susan , Vera Carlos F. , Munoz Sheryl , Tornez Arturo , Rangel Gudelia , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Kayser Georgia L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) insecurity increases the risk of water-related diseases. However, limited research has been conducted on psychosocial distress as it relates to WaSH insecurity, especially among people who inject drugs (PWID). We examined the relationship between WaSH insecurity and related anxiety among PWID living in different housing conditions along the US-Mexico border region.

Methods
From 2020–2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 585 people who injected drugs within the last month in Tijuana (N = 202), San Diego (N = 182), and in both Tijuana and San Diego (N = 201). Participants underwent interviewer-administered surveys related to WaSH access, substance use, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7). Quasi-Poisson regressions were used to assess associations between WaSH insecurity and anxiety in the prior 6-months.

Results
Participants were 75% male, 42% were unhoused and 91% experienced WaSH insecurity in the prior 6-months. After adjusting for housing status, gender, and age, lack of access to basic drinking water (Adj RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.02–1.58), sanitation (Adj RR:1.28; 95% CI: 1.07–1.55), and a daily bath/shower (Adj RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.15–1.66) were associated with mild-severe anxiety. The number of WaSH insecurities was independently associated with a 20% increased risk of experiencing anxiety per every additional insecurity experienced (Adj RR: 1.20; CI: 1.12–1.27). We also found a significant interaction between gender and housing status (p = 0.003), indicating that among people experiencing sheltered/unsheltered homelessness, women had a higher risk of mild-severe anxiety compared to men (Adj RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.27–1.89). At the same time, among women, those who are unhoused have 37% increased risk of anxiety than those who live in stable housing conditions (Adj RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01–1.89).

Conclusion
The lack of specific WaSH services, particularly lack of drinking water, toilets, and daily showers were associated with higher levels of anxiety among PWID in the Tijuana-San Diego border region. Women experiencing homelessness were especially vulnerable. WaSH interventions that provide safe, 24-h access may help to reduce anxiety and health risks associated with WaSH insecurity.
Multimorbidity, healthy lifestyle, and the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Xing Xiaolong , Yang Xueli , Chen Jinqian , Wang Jin , Zhang Bowei , Zhao Yanrong , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence on the association between multimorbidity and cognitive impairment in Chinese older population is limited. In addition, whether a healthy lifestyle can protect cognitive function in multimorbid older population remains unknown.

Methods
A total of 6116 participants aged ≥ 65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were followed up repeatedly. The number of coexisting chronic diseases was used for assessing multimorbidity and cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Three lifestyle statuses (unhealthy, intermediate, and healthy) were defined based on a lifestyle score covering smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, outdoor activities, and dietary pattern. Cognitive impairment was defined as the Mini-Mental State Examination score < 24. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to assess the associations between multimorbidity, healthy lifestyle, and cognitive impairment.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 5.8 years, 1621 incident cases of cognitive impairment were identified. The relative risk (RR) of cognitive impairment associated with heavy multimorbidity burden (≥ 3 conditions) was 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.22–1.59). This association declined with age, with RRs being 3.08 (1.78–5.31), 1.40 (1.04–1.87), and 1.19 (1.01–1.40) in subjects aged < 70 years, ≥ 70 and < 80 years, and ≥ 80 years, respectively (P for interaction = 0.001). Compared to unhealthy lifestyle, a healthy lifestyle was related to an approximately 40% reduced risk of cognitive impairment regardless of multimorbidity burden. Among the 5 lifestyle factors assessed, daily outdoor activities and a healthy dietary pattern showed convincing protective effects on cognitive function.

Conclusions
The relationship between multimorbidity and cognitive impairment is age-dependent but remains significant in the population aged 80 years or older. A healthy lifestyle may protect cognitive function regardless of the multimorbidity burden. These findings highlight the importance of targeting individuals with heavy multimorbidity burden and promoting a heathy lifestyle to prevent cognitive impairment in Chinese older population.
Analyzing lung cancer risks in patients with impaired pulmonary function through characterization of gut microbiome and metabolites
Authors: Luan Jiahui , Zhang Fuxin , Suo Lijun , Zhang Wei , Li Yige , Yu Xiaofeng , Liu Bo , Cao Hongyun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, there is growing studies confirm the role of impaired lung function in LC susceptibility. Moreover, gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with LC severity. Whether alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with long-term lung dysfunction in LC patients remain unclear. Our study aimed to analyze the risk factors in LC patients with impaired pulmonary function based on the characteristics of the gut microbiome and metabolites.

Methods
Fecal samples from 55 LC patients and 28 benign pulmonary nodules patients were collected. Pulmonary ventilation function was graded according to the American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) method. LC patients were divided into 3 groups, including 20 patients with normal lung ventilation, 23 patients with mild pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and 12 patients with moderate or above pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. The fecal samples were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomics.

Results
The gut microbiome composition between LC patients and benign pulmonary nodules patients presented clearly differences based on Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Pulmonary ventilation function was positively correlated with LC tumor stage, the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota in LC patients with moderate or above pulmonary ventilation dysfunction increased significantly, characterized by increased abundance of Subdoligranulum and Romboutsia. The metabolomics analysis revealed 69 differential metabolites, which were mainly enriched in beta-Alanine metabolism, styrene degradation and pyrimidine metabolism pathway. The area under the curve (AUC) combining the gut microbiome and metabolites was 90% (95% CI: 79-100%), indicating that the two species and four metabolites might regarded as biomarkers to assess the prediction of LC patients with impaired pulmonary function.

Conclusions
Our results showed that microbiome and metabolomics analyses provide important candidate to be used as clinically diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to lung cancer with impaired pulmonary function.
Characterization and critical appraisal of physiotherapy intervention research in Nigeria: a systematic review
Authors: Nweke Martins , Ejiroghene Emeriewen , Fawole Henrietta O. , Mshunqane Nombeko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Clinical research is the bedrock of clinical innovation, education and practice. We characterized and critically appraised physiotherapy clinical research to avoid implementing misleading research findings into practice and to task the Nigerian physiotherapy societies on responsible conduct of clinical research.

Methods
This is a systematic review of articles published in English between 2009 and 2023. We started with 2009 because at least few Nigerian Physiotherapy school had commenced postgraduate (research) training by then. We searched Pubmed, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO and African Journal Online, and reference lists of relevant articles. We Data were selected and extracted according to predesigned eligibility criteria and using a standardized data extraction table. Where appropriate, the Pedro and Cochrane ROBINS1 were used to examine the risk of bias.

Results
A total of 76 Nigerian studies were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 46.7 ± 8.6 years. Approximately, 45% of the participants were males. Of the clinical experiments, the randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the most common design (87.5%). Musculoskeletal conditions (39.3%) were the most studied disorder. Approximately 86% of the RCT had studies possessed fair to good quality. Interventions constituted exercise therapy (76.3%), manual therapy (8.5%) and electrotherapy (8.5%). More than half (67.8%) of the studies recorded medium to large effect sizes. A fair proportion (48.2%) of the studies had a confounding-by-indication bias. Approximately 43% of the clinical experiments were underpowered, and a few studies conducted normality tests (10.9%) and intention-to-treat analysis (37.5%).

Conclusions
RCT is the most frequent clinical experiment, with majority of them possessing fair to good quality. The most important flaws include improper computation of sample size, statistical analysis, absent intention-to-treat approach, among others. The magnitude of effects of Physiotherapy interventions varies from nil effect to large effect. Musculoskeletal condition is the most prevalent disorder and exercise is the most important intervention in Nigerian physiotherapy practice.

Trial registration
We registered the protocol with PROSPERO. The registration number: CRD42021228514.