bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Three Alternative Mooring Systems for a Semi-Submersible Wind Turbine in Intermediate Water Depth
Authors: Cao Qun , Cheng Zhengshun , Xiao Longfei , Liu Mingyue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Three forms of the mooring system in 60 m water depth are proposed for semi-submersible with partially inclined columns (SPIC) concept floating wind turbine (FWT). One is a simple form with only catenary lines, and the other two are hybrid forms including clump weights. The clumps are attached to the suspended section for Hybrid form1 and the bottom section for Hybrid form2. Hybrid form2 achieves the smallest line length and chain weight. Three alternative proposals can be evaluated through mooring line characteristics, dynamic responses, utilization factors, and simple cost analysis. Hybrid form2 allows for smallest pretension, and largest stiffness and nonlinearity only at large offsets. Under operational conditions, the mean surge for Hybrid form1 and Hybrid form2 is similar, but the fairlead tension is significantly smaller for Hybrid form2. Under the survival condition, the clumps of Hybrid form2 are lifted up and put down, leading to small mean offsets of FWT but large wave-frequency components of line tension. Among the three forms of the mooring system, the Hybrid form2 can limit the FWT to the smallest offset range while also controlling the mean mooring line tension to a level similar to the other two forms. Under normal working conditions and accidental conditions with single line broken, the maximal surge motions of FWT under the restraint of three mooring systems all meet the design requirements. The mooring line strength of the three mooring systems meets the requirements in ultimate limit state (ULS) and accidental limit state (ALS) analyses. Among them, the utilization coefficient of Hybrid form2 is closest to 1, demonstrating its best economic performance.
The Equivalent Mechanical Model of Topological Graphs and the Isomorphism Identification of Kinematic Chains
Authors: Pan Wuxing , Li Ruiqin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In type synthesis of mechanisms, isomorphic identification of kinematic chains is a key issue, which has been studied for many years. In this paper, a new topological invariant, a character array of edge is constructed based on a novel model called an equivalent mechanical model. This invariant is used as a necessary condition for recognizing the edges of two topological graphs. On this basis, a method of constructing mapping by closed loop is proposed. The constructed mapping is used as the adequacy of identification so as to accurately identify the isomorphism of two graphs. This method is sufficient and necessary, which has been successfully tested in the 10-vertex, 12-vertex, 15-vertex, 28-vertex topological graphs. This method is limited to planar mechanisms that consist of revolute joints.
Safe Trajectory Generation for Wheel-Leg Hybrid Mechanism Using Discrete Mechanics and Optimal Control
Authors: Li Yiqun , Gao Jiahui , Chen Kai , Chen Wei , Yin Zhouping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The wheel-legged robot inherits the merit of both the wheeled robot and the legged robot, which can not only adapt to the complex terrain but also maintain the driving efficiency on the flat road. This article presents an optimization-based approach that leverage ideas from computational geometric mechanics to generate safe and high-quality wheel-leg hybrid motions among obstacles. The formulation of the proposed motion optimization problem incorporates the Lagrange–d’Alembert principle as the robot’s dynamic constraints and an efficient closed-form formulation of collision-free constraints. By discretizing the variational mechanics principle directly, rather than its corresponding forced Euler–Lagrange equation, the continuous trajectory optimization problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Numerical simulations and several real-world experiments are conducted on a wheel-legged robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory generation approach.
A Mirrored Approach to Generate Spatial Deployable Assemblies Using Tripod-Scissor Units
Authors: Liao Yuan , Krishnan Sudarshan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A tripod-scissor unit, unlike planar scissor pairs, consists of three rods connected at an intermediate joint thus forming a spatially transformable unit. Geometrically, a tripod-scissor unit is axisymmetric but does not possess reflectional symmetry. This paper proposes a mirrored assembly approach wherein two units are connected symmetrically about the mirroring plane. The assembly approach results in different geometric conditions and motion characteristics. Two types of four-unit deployable blocks were made—one out of straight and the other of angulated members. Design equations were developed to study the influence of member geometry and assembly method on the structure’s form and transformation. Digital models helped to validate the analytical results and to simulate the motion of the structures. More sample structures are presented to demonstrate the assembly of multiple units using the mirrored approach. The analysis shows that the mirrored assembly tripod-scissors result in a new generation of mechanisms with different transformation characteristics. Closed polyhedral forms with a high expansion ratio are possible.
Computational Aeroacoustics for a Cold, Non-Ideally Expanded Aerospike Nozzle
Authors: Golliard Thomas , Mihaescu Mihai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In supersonic aerospace applications, aerospike nozzles have been subject of growing interest. This study sheds light on the noise components of a cold jet exhausting an aerospike nozzle. Implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) are deployed to simulate the jet at a nozzle pressure ratio (NPR)=3. For far-field acoustic computation, the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FWH) equation is applied. A mesh sensitivity study is performed and the jet instantaneous and time-averaged flow characteristics are analyzed. The annular shock structure displays short non-attached shock-cells and longer attached shock-cells. Downstream of the aerospike, a circular shock-cell structure is formed with long shock-cells. Two-point cross-correlations of data acquired at monitoring points located along the shear layers allow to identify upstream propagating waves associated to screech. Power spectral density at monitoring points in the annular shock-cell structure allows to identify its radial oscillation modes. Furthermore, a vortex sheet model is adapted to predict the annular shock-cells length and the BBSAN central frequency. High sound pressure levels (SPL) are detected at the determined BBSAN central frequencies. Finally, high SPL are obtained at the radial oscillation frequencies for the annular shock-cell structure.
Time-Averaged Aerodynamics of a High-Speed Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade With Cavity Purge and Unsteady Wakes
Authors: Lopes G. , Simonassi L. , Lavagnoli S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The time-averaged aerodynamics of a high-speed low-pressure turbine (LPT) cascade were investigated under the impact of unsteady wakes and purge flows. The tests were performed at an outlet Mach (M) and Reynolds numbers (Re) of 0.90 and 70 k, respectively. Unsteady wakes were simulated by means of a spoked-wheel type wake generator (WG), and a reduced frequency of 0.95 was achieved. The development of a purge flow system to operate at low-pressure levels is presented alongside guidelines for the operation of the circuit. The new purge system was commissioned in terms of its long-term stability and flow uniformity at the cascade inlet. The impact of varying purge flows from a cavity versus a flat endwall was assessed by means of static pressure measurements on the blade pressure side (PS) and suction side (SS) and traverses performed downstream with a miniaturized multi-hole probe. Differences in the secondary flow structures resultant from injecting purge flow into the flowfield are observed, namely, the intensification of the trailing shed vortex (TSV) and passage vortex (PV) that is also displaced away from the endwall. An increase of the endwall losses occurs as the flat endwall was replaced with a cavity geometry and the cavity purge flowrate increases.
BCL6 fine-tunes long-term tumor control
Authors: Takamura Shiki , Nomura Aneela , Kubo Masato 
Published: October 2023

Sun
et al.
provide comprehensive evidence that the transcription factor BCL6 functions as a gatekeeper for CD8
+
progenitor cell function in tumors and prevents their excessive terminal differentiation, thereby preserving this stem-like population for long-term tumor control.
Reversal of medication abortion with progesterone: a systematic review
Authors: Stifani Bianca Maria , Lavelanet Antonella Francheska 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether there is evidence to recommend progesterone for individuals not wishing to complete a medication abortion after taking mifepristone.MethodsWe undertook an updated systematic review including a primary search for studies in which individuals received progesterone to reverse the effects of mifepristone, and a secondary search for studies in which individuals received mifepristone alone. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and grey literature up to December 2022. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for risk of bias assessment. We compared ongoing pregnancy rates among individuals treated with progesterone to those managed expectantly.ResultsWe did not find new studies in our secondary search. For the main search, we included three case series and one randomised controlled trial. Data were available for 561 individuals who received progesterone after mifepristone, of whom 271 (48%) had ongoing pregnancies. The quality of the evidence in the case series was low due to methodological and ethical issues. Enrollment in the randomised trial stopped early due to bleeding events in both arms. The ongoing pregnancy rate for individuals ≤7 weeks who received progesterone was 42% (95% CI 37-48) compared with 22% (95% CI 11-39) for mifepristone alone. At 7–8 weeks, the ongoing pregnancy rate was 62% (95% CI 52-71) in the progesterone group and 50% (95% CI 15- 85) in the mifepristone alone group.ConclusionBased mostly on poor-quality data, it appears the ongoing pregnancy rate in individuals treated with progesterone after mifepristone is not significantly higher compared to that of individuals receiving mifepristone alone.
Vaccination with post-translational modified, homocitrullinated peptides induces CD8 T-cell responses that mediate antitumor immunity
Authors: Shah Sabaria , Cook Katherine W , Symonds Peter , Weißer Juliane , Skinner Anne , Al Omari Abdullah , Paston Samantha J , Pike Ian , Durrant Lindy G , Brentville Victoria A 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundPost-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. One such modification is carbamylation (homocitrullination) that results in the formation of homocitrulline (Hcit) residues in a non-enzymatic reaction of cyanate with the lysine residues in the polypeptide chain. Homocitrullination occurs in the tumor microenvironment and CD4-mediated immune responses to Hcit epitopes can target stressed tumor cells and provide a potent antitumor response in mouse models.MethodsHomocitrullinated peptides were identified and assessed in vitro for HLA-A2 binding and in vivo in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models for immunogenicity. CD8 responses were assessed in vitro for cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor therapy. Human tumor samples were analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry for presence of homocitrullinated peptides.ResultsHomocitrullinated peptides from aldolase and cytokeratin were identified, that stimulated CD8-mediated responses in vivo. Modified peptides showed enhanced binding to HLA-A2 compared with the native sequences and immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice generated high avidity modification specific CD8 responses that killed peptide expressing target cells. Importantly, in vivo the homocitrullinated aldolase specific response was associated with efficient CD8 dependent antitumor therapy of the aggressive murine B16 tumor model indicating that this epitope is naturally presented in the tumor. In addition, the homocitrullinated aldolase epitope was also detected in human tumor samples.ConclusionThis is the first evidence that homocitrullinated peptides can be processed and presented via MHC-I and targeted for tumor therapy. Thus, Hcit-specific CD8 T-cell responses have potential in the development of future anticancer therapy.
Supplementation of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on the performance, haemato-biochemical profile and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp.
Authors: Barbosa Bárbara Fernanda da Silva , Andressa de Lima Gabrieli , Ventura Gabriela , Trevizan Bruna Abrahão , Figueroa Castillo Elis Omar , Bortoloto Jéssica Tuane , Polycarpo Gustavo do Valle , Biller Jaqueline Dalbello , Madeira Alda Maria Backx Noronha , Cruz-Polycarpo Valquíria Cação 
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) in substitution to antibiotics on performance, haematology, intestinal lesion scores, and oocyst count in the excreta of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 1050 male Ross chicks were used, distributed in completely randomized design, with six treatments: unchallenged control diet (UC); challenged control diet (CCD); challenged and supplemented (CS) with 1000 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 1500 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 2000 mg/kg of MSB; and CS with avilamycin, with five repetitions. At 16 days of age (d.o.), the birds were inoculated orally with Eimeria spp. oocysts. Higher average weightgain (AWG) and average feed intake (AFI) were observed in the UC, and at the 42 d.o., better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and productive efficiency factor (PEF). The group that received the additives showed higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, as well as that of the unchallenged birds; however, the CCD had higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. It is concluded that MSB can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, assisting in the recovery of performance and gut microbiota biodiversity.
Topological classes of thermodynamics of black holes in perfect fluid dark matter background
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Jusufi Kimet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we explore the topological classes of thermodynamics of a family of black holes. In particular we investigate the influence of distinct fields, including the electric field, non-linear magnetic field, along with the perfect fluid matter background that can mimic dark matter in large distances. In light of these considerations, we shall henceforth denote this fluid as perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). Our analysis reveals that the winding and topological numbers for the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes in PFDM background are the same as the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, however for the Kerr-AdS background in PFDM we obtain a different topological number compared to the Kerr black hole in PFDM. Furthermore, we explore in details the interplay of electric charge and nonlinear magnetic charge, impacting the topological classes of thermodynamics both in the absence and presence of PFDM. Interestingly, it is demonstrated that the topological numbers associated with the static Hayward black holes, both in the absence and presence of PFDM, deviate from those of the Schwarzschild black hole. This observation shows that the presence of a magnetic charge introduces an additional role and can alter the topological numbers. Finally, our study culminates with the comprehensive analysis of the topological numbers pertaining to the Hayward black hole, considering the combined effects of PFDM and rotation.
Witten index in 4D supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Smilga Andrei V. 
Published: October 2023

We present a review of Witten index calculations in different supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions: supersymmetric electrodynamics, pure [Formula: see text] supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theories and also SYM theories including matter multiplets — both with chirally symmetric and asymmetric content.
(k,ℓ)-Kernels in the generalized Mycielskian of digraphs
Authors: Lakshmi R. , Sindhu D. G. 
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be positive integers. A set [Formula: see text] is said to be a [Formula: see text]-kernel of a digraph [Formula: see text] if for all [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and for every [Formula: see text] there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] A (2,1)-kernel is called a kernel. The generalized Mycielskian [Formula: see text] of a loopless digraph [Formula: see text] is defined in [S. F. Raj, Connectivity of the generalized Mycielskian of digraphs, Graphs Combin. 29 (2013) 893–900] as the digraph whose vertex set is [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and arc set [Formula: see text] It is proved in [S. Vidhyapriya, Contributions to the theory of Kernels in digraphs, Doctoral Dissertation, Annamalai University, India (2016)] that [Formula: see text] the Mycielskian of [Formula: see text] has a kernel. In this paper, we generalize this result to [Formula: see text] Further, we completely study the structure of [Formula: see text]-kernels (if exist) in [Formula: see text] Besides these, for [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] we give some results concerning the existence and non-existence of [Formula: see text]-kernels in [Formula: see text] where, for some pairs [Formula: see text] we provide a Characterization, too.
HOW MUCH IMPACT DO BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES HAVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT? EVIDENCE FROM ITALY
Authors: D’APOLITO ELISABETTA , BIASE PASQUALE DI , LABINI STEFANIA SYLOS 
Published: October 2023

All companies pollute, financial firms included. How much does the financial sector pollute? How much does it impact climate change? This paper contributes to the debate on the relationships between the European financial sector and environmental sustainability. By examining the ESG score — in particular, the environmental indicators — of a sample of Italian banks and insurance companies over the period 2015–2020, the research intends to verify (i) whether financial intermediaries adopt policies and make efforts to reduce the environmental impact of their operations; (ii) the observable trend in the environmental performance of the examined companies and (iii) the existence of a relationship between the environmental performance and the characteristics of the examined companies. The results show an increasing trend in the environmental performance of the examined intermediaries and a wide dissemination of policies aimed at reducing their impact on the environment. According to our analysis, environmental performance is significantly related to company size. The study can be useful for managers and decision-makers in providing an in-depth analysis of the measures adopted to reduce environmental impact. In addition, it can have important repercussions on the financial markets and also for investors in increasing awareness about environmental scores.
AMG 509 (Xaluritamig), an Anti-STEAP1 XmAb 2+1 T-cell Redirecting Immune Therapy with Avidity-Dependent Activity against Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nolan-Stevaux Olivier , Li Cong , Liang Lingming , Zhan Jinghui , Estrada Juan , Osgood Tao , Li Fei , Zhang Hanzhi , Case Ryan , Murawsky Christopher M. , Estes Bram , Moore Gregory L. , Bernett Matthew J. , Muchhal Umesh , Desjarlais John R. , Staley Binnaz K. , Stevens Jennitte , Cooke Keegan S. , Aeffner Famke , Thomas Oliver , Stieglmaier Julia , Lee Jae-Lyun , Coxon Angela , Bailis Julie M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The tumor-associated antigen STEAP1 is a potential therapeutic target that is expressed in most prostate tumors and at increased levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We developed a STEAP1-targeted XmAb 2+1 T-cell engager (TCE) molecule, AMG 509 (also designated xaluritamig), that is designed to redirect T cells to kill prostate cancer cells that express STEAP1. AMG 509 mediates potent T cell–dependent cytotoxicity of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and promotes tumor regression in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models of prostate cancer in vivo. The avidity-driven activity of AMG 509 enables selectivity for tumor cells with high STEAP1 expression compared with normal cells. AMG 509 is the first STEAP1 TCE to advance to clinical testing, and we report a case study of a patient with mCRPC who achieved an objective response on AMG 509 treatment.

Significance:
Immunotherapy in prostate cancer has met with limited success due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and lack of tumor-specific targets. AMG 509 provides a targeted immunotherapy approach to engage a patient's T cells to kill STEAP1-expressing tumor cells and represents a new treatment option for mCRPC and potentially more broadly for prostate cancer.
See related commentary by Hage Chehade et al., p. 20.
See related article by Kelly et al., p. 76.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 5
PRMT5 Inhibitors Regulate DNA Damage Repair Pathways in Cancer Cells and Improve Response to PARP Inhibition and Chemotherapies
Authors: Carter Jack , Hulse Michael , Sivakumar Monisha , Burtell Jessica , Thodima Venkat , Wang Min , Agarwal Anjana , Vykuntam Komali , Spruance Jacob , Bhagwat Neha , Rager Joseph , Ruggeri Bruce , Scherle Peggy , Ito Koichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExpression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is highly positively correlated to DNA damage repair (DDR) and DNA replication pathway genes in many types of cancer cells, including ovarian and breast cancer. In the current study, we investigated whether pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 downregulates DDR/DNA replication pathway genes and sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. Potent and selective PRMT5 inhibitors significantly downregulate expression of multiple DDR and DNA replication genes in cancer cells. Mechanistically, PRMT5 inhibition reduces the presence of PRMT5 and H4R3me2s on promoter regions of DDR genes such as BRCA1/2, RAD51, and ATM. PRMT5 inhibition also promotes global alternative splicing changes. Our data suggest that PRMT5 inhibition regulates expression of FANCA, PNKP, and ATM by promoting exon skipping and intron retention. Combining C220 or PRT543 with olaparib or chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin demonstrates a potent synergistic interaction in breast and ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, combination of PRT543 with olaparib effectively inhibits the growth of patient-derived breast and ovarian cancer xenografts. Furthermore, PRT543 treatment significantly inhibits growth of olaparib-resistant tumors in vivo. These studies reveal a novel mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition and suggest beneficial combinatorial effects with other therapies, particularly in patients with tumors that are resistant to therapies dependent on DNA damage as their mechanism of action.Significance:Patients with advanced cancers frequently develop resistance to chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors mainly due to circumvention and/or restoration of the inactivated DDR pathway genes. We demonstrate that inhibition of PRMT5 significantly downregulates a broad range of the DDR and DNA replication pathway genes. PRMT5 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors demonstrate synergistic suppression of cancer cell proliferation and growth in breast and ovarian tumor models, including PARP inhibitor–resistant tumors.