bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of globular cluster evolution on the specific frequency in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Moreno-Hilario Elizabeth , Martinez-Medina Luis A , Li Hui , Souza Stefano O , Pérez-Villegas Angeles 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Dwarf galaxies are known to exhibit an unusual richness in numbers of globular clusters (GCs), property quantified by the specific frequency (SN), which is high for dwarf and giant elliptical galaxies, but with a minimum for intermediate-mass galaxies. In this work we study the role that GC evolution has in setting this trend, for which we use N-body simulations to evolve GCs in dwarf galaxies and quantify their disruption efficiency. We selected five individual dwarf galaxies from a high-resolution cosmological simulation, which includes GC formation and follow-up of their paths inside the host galaxy. Then, the tidal history of each GC is coupled to nbody6++gpu to produce N-body models that account for both, the interaction of GCs with their galactic environment and their internal dynamics. This results in a GC mass-loss parametrization to estimate dissolution times and mass-loss rates after a Hubble time. GC evolution is sensitive to the particular orbital histories within each galaxy, but the overall result is that the amount of mass that GC systems lose scales with the mass (and density) of the host galaxy, i.e. the GC mass-loss efficiency is lowest in low-mass dwarfs. After a 12 Gyr evolution all simulated GC systems retain an important fraction of their initial mass (up to 25 per cent), in agreement with the high GC to field star ratios observed in some dwarfs, and supports the scenario in which GC disruption mechanisms play an important role in shaping the GC specific frequency in dwarf galaxies.
Three-Week Versus 4-Week Schedule of nab-Paclitaxel in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Liu Yaxin , Song Guohong , Di Lijun , Jiang Hanfang , Ran Ran , Zhang Ruyan , Zhang Yan , Li Huiping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
This head-to-head study compared a 3-week versus 4-week schedule of nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Methods
Patients with HER2-negative mBC were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive nab-paclitaxel for a 3-week schedule (125 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) or a 4-week schedule (same dose on days 1, 8, and 15) until disease progression or treatment intolerance. Patients with intolerable toxicities were allowed to receive a maintenance regimen after benefiting from nab-paclitaxel. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Ninety-four patients were included in the analysis (n = 47 in each arm). A longer median PFS (mPFS) was observed in the 3-week versus the 4-week schedule in the overall population (not reached vs. 6.8 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44; P = .029). Patients in the 2 arms had a similar overall survival (28.0 vs. 25.8 months), objective response rate (51.1% vs. 48.9%), and disease control rate (93.6% vs. 80.9%). The 3-week schedule was associated with a lower rate of toxicity-related treatment discontinuation (8.5% vs. 29.8%) and dose delays (6.4% vs. 23.4%).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the better antitumor activity and safety profile of a 3-week over 4-week nab-paclitaxel schedule in HER2-negative mBC, suggesting that a 3-week schedule may be a better treatment regimen in clinical practice (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04192331).
National campaigns
Authors: Wright Clive 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Where the prevention or early cure of a health disorder is facilitated by voluntary changes in behaviour, population based campaigns are often used to heighten public awareness and stimulate health action (Schou 1987). Oral health campaigns focus public attention on specific oral conditions and promote the contact of message recipient with health agent. National campaigns form one aspect of strategies aimed at information dissemination and raising the level of awareness of disease and its prevention and are most effectively employed as part of a multi-faceted approached to changing life-styles and health behaviour (McAlister et al. 1982).
Oral health promotion with children and adolescents
Authors: Honkala Erno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the population strategy planning in oral health promotion programmes for children and adolescents. The developmental framework of a child and the socialization process should be considered as a basis for all behavioural enterprises targeted towards children. Empowerment of a child for adopting favourable dental health habits demands a practical and educational approach. The concepts proposed by Sheiham (1990) could form the general guidelines for programme planning. Oral health for children and adolescents cannot be reached without the efforts for healthy environment, which would support healthy choices and healthy behaviour of the individuals.
Oral health promotion in the workplace
Authors: Schou Lone 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has long been recognized that using the dental surgery as the only way to promote oral health among children is insufficient. The regular or irregular visit to the dentist has only a minor influence on children’s dental health and dental health behaviour. Therefore, most dental health education efforts have concentrated on reaching children where they spend most time — in the family, at schools, or in nurseries or playgroups. However, when it comes to adults, the situation is quite different. Most oral health promotion efforts are concentrated on trying to get people to visit a dentist regularly. For many reasons, the payment system being the major one, these activities at the dentist’s office are mainly orientated towards treatment of oral diseases rather than prevention of diseases or promotion of oral health. It thus seems appropriate to try to get out of the dental office and reach people where they are.
Flavor physics beyond the Standard Model and the Kobayashi–Maskawa legacy
Authors: Isidori Gino 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Kobayashi–Maskawa (KM) hypothesis about the existence of a third generation of quarks represents a cornerstone of the Standard Model (SM). Fifty years after this seminal paper [M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652 (1973)], flavor physics continues to represent a privileged observatory on physics occurring at high energy scales. In this paper I first review this statement using general effective-theory arguments, highlighting some interesting modern lessons from the KM paper. I then discuss some novel extensions of the SM based on the concept of flavor deconstruction: the hypothesis that gauge interactions are manifestly flavor-non-universal in the ultraviolet. The phenomenological consequences of this class of models are also briefly illustrated.
Is Firm-Level Political Risk Priced in the Equity Option Market?
Authors: Ho Thang , Kagkadis Anastasios , Wang George 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We find a negative relation between firm-level political risk and future delta-hedged equity option returns. A quasi-natural experiment based on Brexit corroborates this finding since after the referendum there is a decrease in the option returns of the positive-Brexit exposure firms. The predictability is driven by the jump risk component of political uncertainty, is more pronounced in periods of high intermediary constraints, and is stronger among high-demand pressure options but weaker among politically active firms. Finally, consistent with a risk-based explanation, investors of options on politically risky firms are compensated with high returns when major unexpected political shocks happen. (JEL G13, G18)
Australia, Indonesia, and East Timorese Family Reunions
Authors: Schwirtlich Nicole 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 2002 East Timor, following over 20 years of Indonesian occupation, became the world’s youngest sovereign state. The violent nature of Indonesian occupation between 1975 and 1999 led to the displacement of many East Timorese who sought asylum in countries such as Australia and Portugal. This article argues that by trying to seek asylum in Australia, East Timorese refugees complicated Australia’s bipartisan desire to pursue strong diplomatic relations with Indonesia. A hesitancy to recognise East Timorese arrivals as refugees, as a result of these priorities, was reflected through immigration schemes operating in the 1970s and 1980s such as the Family Reunion Program and Special Humanitarian Program. This impacted Australia’s ability to balance its national interests in the Indo-Pacific and its humanitarian obligations, outlined in international legislation such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Refugee Protocol. It also reflected broader diplomatic challenges Australia faced when addressing the situation in East Timor. Exploring this turbulent period in Australian foreign policy through the lens of immigration, this article contributes to research examining the role Australia played in the occupation of East Timor. It also investigates the meanings of dual representations of refugees as both victims and agents within migrant-centered historical accounts.
Pediatric growth faltering
Authors: Gallagher Heather 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Pediatric growth faltering (GF), previously known as failure to thrive and now also called pediatric malnutrition and weight faltering, is a common clinical finding in primary care. Most pediatric GF cases are caused by inadequate caloric intake, not organic disease states. Evaluation requires clinicians to obtain detailed nutritional, medical, psychosocial, and family histories; take accurate anthropometric measurements; and perform a careful physical examination. Evaluation findings should be analyzed to determine whether targeted diagnostic workup, specialty referral, or a trial of nutritional counseling is indicated. Management includes caregiver education about childhood nutrition and frequent monitoring of growth parameters. A multidisciplinary approach that includes nutritionist, developmental therapist, and other specialty team member involvement is desirable.
Original Research: What Health Care Staff Who Experienced Assisted Patient Falls Can Teach Us: Implications for Fall and Fall Injury Risk
Authors: Chavez Margeaux , Bradley Sarah E. , Lind Jason , Broderick Vianna , Barrett Blake , Cowan Linda , Arriola Nora B. , Friedman Yvonne , Bulat Tatjana 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
This quality improvement project had three aims: to identify common assisted falls scenarios, describe staff members' experiences with and risk perceptions of such falls, and explore factors that influenced their perceptions. The overarching goal was to gain useful insight for the development of assisted fall–related strategies and policies.

Methods:
In the fall of 2020, 16 staff members from 13 health care facilities were purposively recruited and interviewed. Transcript summaries of these interviews, along with secondary narrative data from employee and patient injury databases, were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results:
According to staff members' accounts, assisted falls most commonly took place in patient rooms or bathrooms when patients were ambulating or transferring. The interviewees described assisting falls by grabbing or holding the patient or by using their own body to brace or steady the patient. Interview and secondary narrative data noted various injuries that occurred during assisted fall events. These injuries most often involved the lower back (among staff) and the legs (among patients). Most interviewees perceived that using proper body mechanics would prevent injury.

Conclusions:
Interviewees' experiences with assisted falls indicate areas of improvement for fall prevention. The perception that using proper body mechanics will protect staff from injury may be a misconception. Although the literature reports mixed findings concerning whether staff should assist patient falls, this project's results led us to conclude that there is no safe way to physically assist a falling patient without risk of staff injury.
CE: Recognizing Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload
Authors: Smith Christy M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is the leading cause of transfusion-related deaths in the United States, accounting for more than 30% of fatalities reported to the Food and Drug Administration between 2016 and 2020. However, TACO is widely considered to be an underdiagnosed and underreported complication of blood transfusions, and its exact incidence is unknown. One of the reasons for this is a lack of recognition of TACO and its signs and symptoms, especially as the definition of TACO has been updated twice since 2018 without full dissemination to nurses, who are responsible for bedside care of patients during and following blood transfusions. This article seeks to bridge this gap by discussing the updated definitions and signs and symptoms of TACO, as well as the management of this treatable blood transfusion reaction.
Incidence of Recurrent Uterine Rupture
Authors: Sugai Shunya , Yamawaki Kaoru , Haino Kazufumi , Yoshihara Kosuke , Nishijima Koji 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to quantify the incidence of recurrent uterine rupture in pregnant women.

DATA SOURCES:
A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and ClinicalTrials.gov for observational studies was performed from 2000 to 2023.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Of the 7,440 articles screened, 13 studies were included in the final review. We included studies of previous uterine ruptures that were complete uterine ruptures, defined as destruction of all uterine layers, including the serosa. The primary outcome was the pooled incidence of recurrent uterine rupture. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed with the I
2 value. Subgroup analyses were conducted in terms of the country development status, year of publication, and study size (single center vs national study). The secondary outcomes comprised the following: 1) mean gestational age at which recurrent rupture occurred, 2) mean gestational age at which delivery occurred without recurrent rupture, and 3) perinatal complications (blood loss, transfusion, maternal mortality, and neonatal mortality).

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
A random-effects model was used to pool the incidence or mean value and the corresponding 95% CI with R software. The pooled incidence of recurrent uterine rupture was 10% (95% CI 6–17%). Developed countries had a significantly lower uterine rupture recurrence rate than less developed countries (6% vs 15%, P=.04). Year of publication and study size were not significantly associated with recurrent uterine rupture. The mean number of gestational weeks at the time of recurrent uterine rupture was 32.49 (95% CI 29.90–35.08). The mean number of gestational weeks at the time of delivery without recurrent uterine rupture was 35.77 (95% CI 34.95–36.60). The maternal mortality rate was 5% (95% CI 2–11%), and the neonatal mortality rate was 5% (95% CI 3–10%). Morbidity from hemorrhage, such as bleeding and transfusion, was not reported in any study and could not be evaluated.

CONCLUSION:
This systematic review estimated a 10% incidence of recurrent uterine rupture. This finding will enable appropriate risk counseling in patients with prior uterine rupture.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42023395010.
Cryocompression to Reduce Peripheral Neuropathy in Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Anastasio Mary Katherine , Unnithan Shakthi , Scott Amelia , Hayes Taylor , Shah Suma , Moss Haley A. , Erkanli Alaattin , Havrilesky Laura J. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the efficacy of cryocompression therapy to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

METHODS:
This single-institution, randomized, self-controlled trial of cryocompression enrolled gynecologic cancer patients planned for five to six cycles neurotoxic chemotherapy. Exclusion criteria were prior neurotoxic chemotherapy or baseline peripheral neuropathy. Participants were randomized to cryocompression on dominant versus non-dominant hand and foot (treatment), with no intervention on the opposite side (control). Compression socks and gloves and ice bags were applied 15 minutes before, during, and 15 minutes after infusion. Primary outcome measures included the PNQ (Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire) and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test; secondary outcomes included the FACT/GOG-NTX (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group – Neurotoxicity) and patient acceptability and tolerability. Sixty patients completing the study were necessary to detect a 70% reduction in the odds of PNQ grade C or higher peripheral sensory neuropathy with 80% power.

RESULTS:
Ninety-one patients were enrolled from January 2021 to October 2022; 69 were eligible for final analysis. Of the 91 patients, 64.8% were White, 30.8% were Black, and 1.1% were Hispanic or Latina. With successive cycles, more patients had sensory PNQ grade C or higher neuropathy on the control side compared with the cryocompression side. Cryocompression decreased the odds of sensory neuropathy (PNQ grade C or higher) by 46% at final visit (odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.94; P=.03). There was no difference in tactile sensitivity based on the monofilament test between sides at the final visit. At the final visit, average FACT/GOG-NTX-11 (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group – Neurotoxicity 11 Item Version) scores were significantly lower on the cryocompression than the control side (estimate −0.97, 95% CI −1.89 to −0.06; P=.04), as were FACT/GOG-NTX-4 (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group – Neurotoxicity 4 Item Version) scores (estimate −0.35, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.05; P=.02). More than 85% of patients assessed the intervention as acceptable and tolerable.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cryocompression therapy reduces subjective chemotherapy-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy in patients who are receiving paclitaxel or cisplatin for gynecologic cancer.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563130.
Contraceptive Provision to Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Enrolled in Medicaid
Authors: Mitchell Lauren , Vellanki Bhamini , Tang Linda , Hunter Kelly , Finnegan Amy , Swartz Jonas J. , Huchko Megan 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To compare contraceptive provision to women with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid.

METHODS:
Our retrospective cohort study used 2019 North Carolina Medicaid claims to identify women aged 15–44 years with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities at risk for pregnancy who were continuously enrolled during 2019 or had Family Planning Medicaid with at least one claim. We calculated the proportion in each cohort who received 1) most or moderately effective contraception, 2) long-acting reversible contraception, 3) short-acting contraception, and 4) individual methods. We classified contraceptive receipt by procedure type and disaggregated across sociodemographic characteristics. Adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, and urban or rural setting, we constructed logistic regression models to estimate most or moderately effective contraceptive provision odds by intellectual and developmental disability status and by level or type of intellectual and developmental disability. We performed subanalyses to estimate co-occurrence of provision and menstrual disorders.

RESULTS:
Among 9,508 women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and 299,978 without, a significantly smaller proportion with intellectual and developmental disabilities received most or moderately effective contraception (30.1% vs 36.3%, P<.001). With the exception of injectable contraception, this trend was consistent across all measures and remained statistically significant after controlling for race, ethnicity, age, and urban or rural status (adjusted odds ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.72–0.79; P<.001). Among those who received most or moderately effective contraception, a significantly greater proportion of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities had co-occurring menstrual disorders (31.3% vs 24.3%, P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest disparities in contraceptive provision and potential differences in clinical indication by intellectual and developmental disability status. Future studies should investigate reasons for and barriers to contraceptive use among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Incidence and factors associated with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV/HIV during antiretroviral therapy in Guangdong, China
Authors: He Yaozu , Lin Weiyin , Li Hong , Gu Fei , Zhong Huolin , Lan Yun , Li Yonghong , Guo Pengle , Hu Fengyu , Cai Weiping , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance is vital for a functional cure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the incidence and predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in patients co-infected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain largely unknown in Guangdong, China.

Methods:
Between 2009 and 2019, patients co-infected with HBV/HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University were retrospectively reviewed with the endpoint on December 31, 2020. The incidence and risk factors for HBsAg seroclearance were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results:
A total of 1550 HBV/HIV co-infected patients were included in the study, with the median age of 42 years and 86.0% (1333/1550) males. Further, 98.3% (1524/1550) received ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus lamivudine (3TC). HBV DNA was examined in 1283 cases at the last follow-up. Over the median 4.7 years of follow-up, 8.1% (126/1550) patients achieved HBsAg seroclearance, among whom 50.8% (64/126) obtained hepatitis B surface antibody, 28.1% (137/488) acquired hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, and 95.9% (1231/1283) undetectable HBV DNA. Compared with patients who maintained HBsAg positive, cases achieving HBsAg seroclearance showed no differences in age, gender, CD4+ T cell count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, or fibrosis status; however, they presented lower HBV DNA levels, lower HBsAg levels, and higher rates of HBV genotype B at the baseline. Multivariate analysis showed that baseline HBsAg <1500 cutoff index (COI) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.74, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.48–5.09), ALT elevation >2 × upper limit of normal during the first six months after receiving ART (aHR, 2.96, 95% CI: 1.53–5.77), and HBV genotype B (aHR, 3.73, 95% CI: 1.46–9.59) were independent predictors for HBsAg seroclearance (all P <0.01).

Conclusions:
Long-term TDF-containing ART has high anti-HBV efficacy including relatively high overall HBsAg seroclearance in HBV/HIV co-infected patients. Lower baseline HBsAg levels, HBV genotype B, and elevated ALT levels during the first six months of ART are potential predictors of HBsAg seroclearance.