bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations into penetration depth profiles of hydrogenic species in beryllium plasma-facing components via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Liptak A , Lawson K D , Hasan M I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the operation of nuclear fusion reactors, plasma-facing components lining the reactor vessel are continually bombarded by plasma species. The penetration and subsequent trapping of these bombarding plasma ions has implications for component damage as well as in-vessel inventory. Accurately predicting the expected ion penetration depth profiles at a range of plasma ion and surface temperatures typical of fusion reactor operating conditions will inform the scrape-off layer design to limit particle radiation damage and tritium trapping in order to prolong the lifetime of the plasma-facing components and satisfy the DT fuel cycle requirements. By defining a statistical distribution for ion penetration depth and describing the evolution of its parameters across the fusion parameter space of interest, the expected ion deposition depth profiles can be calculated for any subset of ion and surface temperature ranges as needed. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the bombardment of beryllium lattices with surface temperatures of up to 1100 K by 5 eV–150 eV deuterium and tritium ions, and the resulting ion penetration depths were investigated. The distributions of two penetration depth quantities, considered from the perspectives of lattice damage and hydrogen retention are defined and their distribution parameter dependence on surface and ion temperature is identified. The expected positive correlation between penetration depth and ion temperature is observed, where the non-linear relationship between these quantities indicates the expected form of the velocity dependence of nuclear stopping power at low bombardment energies. Isotope effects on the distributions are also investigated, with results suggesting that heavier ions have comparably lower mobility within the sample and will generally accumulate closer to the surface. A short study on ion deposition rates is also performed; a non-linear increase of deposition rate with increasing bombarding ion energy has been observed, and evidence of a weak positive surface temperature correlation has been noted.
A pointwise separation algorithm to separate plasma density and thickness in two-beam interferometry
Authors: Fu Malong , Wang Haitao , Hou Zhongyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The conventional two-beam interferometry adopts only one expression about plasma density and thickness because only fringe shift is recognized from the recorded fringes. Therefore, the prior hypotheses that the plasma is thickness-uniform or circular symmetry have to be introduced to separate them, which limits the applied range and accuracy of the conventional method. This paper found that the laser beam will be deflected if the thickness changes, leading the recorded fringes to be defocused. As a result, a new expression relying on recognizing the defocus parameter of the recorded fringes is derived, and a pointwise separation algorithm to separate density and thickness is proposed based on the two expressions. Compared to the conventional algorithms, the new algorithm requires no hypotheses and thus has a wider applied range.
Superconducting nitridized-aluminum thin films
Authors: Torras-Coloma Alba , Martínez de Olcoz Leyre , Céspedes Eva , Bertoldo Elia , López-Núñez David , Paul Sagar , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Rius Gemma , Forn-Díaz P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the direct observation of superconductivity in nitridized-aluminum thin films. The films are produced by sputtering deposition of aluminum in a controlled mixture of nitrogen diluted in argon. The concentration of applied nitrogen directly determines the properties of the superconducting thin films. We observe samples displaying critical temperatures up to 3.38 ± 0.01 K and resilience to in-plane magnetic fields well above 1 T, with good reproducibility of the results. This work represents an unambiguous demonstration of tunable superconductivity in aluminum-based nitridized thin films. Our results put forward nitridized aluminum as a promising material to be employed in superconducting quantum circuits for quantum technology applications.
Decoherence-induced cross-Kerr nonlinearity for quantum entanglement
Authors: Chen Zhicai , Wang Fei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we show that the cross-Kerr nonlinearity is induced by the ground-state decoherence in a Λ system even under the exact one- and two-photon resonance conditions, which is attributed to the fact that the dark-state resonance is broken slightly. By adiabatically eliminating the atomic variables, we find that the decoherence results in a frequency shift of cavity detuning and the two cavity fields experience cross-Kerr nonlinearity by choosing appropriate parameters. As a consequence, the internal nonlinear effects are responsible for the generation of light entanglement, which is verified by our numerical results. The present scheme demonstrates that the decoherence plays a positive role in controlling quantum entanglement, which may be useful for quantum information processing.
Touchless underwater wall-distance sensing via active proprioception of a robotic flapper
Authors: Panta Kundan , Deng Hankun , Zhang Zhiyu , Huang Daning , Panah Azar , Cheng Bo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work, we explored a bioinspired method for underwater object sensing based on active proprioception. We investigated whether the fluid flows generated by a robotic flapper, while interacting with an underwater wall, can encode the distance information between the wall and the flapper, and how to decode this information using the proprioception within the flapper. Such touchless wall-distance sensing is enabled by the active motion of a flapping plate, which injects self-generated flow to the fluid environment, thus representing a form of active sensing. Specifically, we trained a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to predict the wall distance based on the force and torque measured at the base of the flapping plate. In addition, we varied the Rossby number (Ro, or the aspect ratio of the plate) and the dimensionless flapping amplitude (

A
∗

) to investigate how the rotational effects and unsteadiness of self-generated flow respectively affect the accuracy of the wall-distance prediction. Our results show that the median prediction error is within 5% of the plate length for all the wall-distances investigated (up to 40 cm or approximately 2–3 plate lengths depending on the Ro); therefore, confirming that the self-generated flow can enable underwater perception. In addition, we show that stronger rotational effects at lower Ro lead to higher prediction accuracy, while flow unsteadiness (

A
∗

) only has moderate effects. Lastly, analysis based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) indicate that temporal features that are most prominent at stroke reversals likely promotes the wall-distance prediction.
Reversibility of Greenland ice sheet mass loss under artificial carbon dioxide removal scenarios
Authors: Höning Dennis , Willeit Matteo , Ganopolski Andrey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) approaches critical thresholds of inevitable, long-term mass loss. Future technologies might be able to efficiently remove CO2 from the atmosphere and thereby cool down our planet. We explore whether and to what extent a realization of this concept could lead to a regrowth of the GIS once it has partly melted. Using the fully coupled Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-X, emission pulses between 0 and 4000 GtC are released into the atmosphere, and after 1 kyr, 2 kyr, and 5 kyr, the atmospheric CO2 concentration is reduced back to its pre-industrial value. We find that independent of a specific trajectory, once the southern part of the GIS has partly melted with a total mass loss of more than 0.4 m sea level equivalent, regrowth is inhibited. Uncertainties preclude determination of precise thresholds, but model results indicate that cumulative industrial-era emissions approaching 1000–1500 GtC and beyond increasingly risk irreversible mass loss of the GIS. Once this threshold is passed, artificial atmospheric carbon removal would need to be utilised within the next centuries at massive scale. Beyond that, artificial atmospheric carbon removal has limited abilities to avoid long-term mass loss of the GIS. In conclusion, keeping cumulative anthropogenic emissions below 1000–1500 GtC is the only safe way to avoid irreversible mass loss of the GIS.
Assessment of relationships between frailty and chronic pain: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Dai Zhisen , Wu Yanlin , Chen Junheng , Huang Shuting , Zheng Huizhe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous observational studies have indicated a complex association between chronic pain and frailty. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and chronic pain and to quantify mediating effects of known modifiable risk factors.

Methods
A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was applied in this study. Summary genome-wide association statistics for frailty, as defined by both frailty index (FI) and Fried Frailty Score (FFS), pain at seven site-specific chronic pain (SSCP) (headache, facial, neck/shoulder, stomach/abdominal, back, hip and knee) and multisite chronic pain (MCP) were extracted from populations of European ancestry. Genetic instrumental variables strongly correlated with each exposure were selected. The inverse-variance-weighted method was the primary method used in the MR, supplemented by a range of sensitivity and validation analyses. Two-step MR analysis was undertaken to evaluate the mediating effects of several proposed confounders.

Results
Genetically predicted higher FI and FFS were associated with an increased risk of MCP and specific types of SSCP, including neck/shoulder pain, stomach/abdominal pain, back pain, hip pain and knee pain. In the reverse direction analysis, genetic liability to MCP was found to be associated with increased FI and FFS. These results remained consistent across sensitivity and validation assessments. Two-step MR suggested a mediating role for body mass index, smoking initiation, physical inactivity, educational attainment and depression.

Conclusions
Our research provided genetic evidence that the association between frailty and chronic pain was bidirectional where the coexistence of both conditions will exacerbate each other.
Catalase inhibition can modulate the ability of peripheral blood T cells to undergo apoptosis in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Moret-Tatay Inés , Nos Pilar , Iborra Marisa , Rausell Francisco , Beltrán Belén 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder in which defective apoptosis of mucosal T cells is postulated to produce sustained inflammation and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Whether CD T cells are intrinsically resistant to apoptosis or whether this resistance is acquired at the intestinal site needs to be clarified, as the cellular mechanisms modulate the impaired apoptosis in these cells. Here, we analysed peripheral blood T cells from patients naïve to specific CD treatment at the onset and from healthy controls. Non-activated freshly purified lymphocytes were cultured and submitted to in vitro protocols for activation (CD3/CD28 antibodies) and apoptosis (Fas antibody). Cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Caspases (3, 8, and 9) and catalase activity were measured; protein levels of bax, Bcl-2, and NF-kB were detected by western blotting, and cytokines by Luminex-based assays. The results showed that CD4 T cells from CD patients are less prone to apoptosis before they can migrate to the intestinal mucosa. Caspase-9, FasR, sIL-2Rα, IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were shown to be significantly different in CD but not for the rest of the analysed biological elements. Catalase activity was significantly reduced in CD T cells, which was confirmed in ex vivo experiments in which catalase inhibition in T cells from healthy controls triggered apoptosis inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, apoptosis inhibition of CD T cells is a feature of these cells before they can migrate to the intestinal mucosa. Noteworthy, the impaired apoptosis of T cells can be directly influenced by catalase inhibition.
Transition metal-free site-selective O-arylation of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls with polyfluoroarenes
Authors: Tian Jingqi , Yang Liu , Wang Shaoqing , Qin Tao , Zhou Heye , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A transition metal-free strategy is reported for the site-selective O-arylation of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls with polyfluoroarenes. This method offers a straightforward and alternative pathway for the synthesis of aryl ethers, accommodating a wide array of functional groups. Furthermore, the practical value of this methodology is underscored by its facile scalability to gram-level reactions, its potential for diverse synthetic applications, and its aptitude for complex molecules modifications.
Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived exosomes attenuate vascular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting HIF-1α and Runx2
Authors: Chi Pei-Ling , Cheng Chin-Chang , Wang Mei-Tzu , Liao Jia-Bin , Kuo Shu-Hung , Lin Kun-Chang , Shen Min-Ci , Huang Wei-Chun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by extensive pulmonary arterial remodelling. Although mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes provide protective effects in PAH, MSCs exhibit limited senescence during in vitro expansion compared with the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, the exact mechanism is not known.

Methods and results
In this study, we used murine iPSCs generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts with triple factor (Oct4, Klf4, and Sox2) transduction to determine the efficacy and action mechanism of iPSC-derived exosomes (iPSC-Exo) in attenuating PAH in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension. Both early and late iPSC-Exo treatment effectively prevented the wall thickening and muscularization of pulmonary arterioles, improved the right ventricular systolic pressure, and alleviated the right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-induced PAH rats. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) derived from MCT-treated rats (MCT-PASMC) developed more proliferative and pro-migratory phenotypes, which were attenuated by the iPSC-Exo treatment. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of MCT-PASMC were reduced by iPSC-Exo with suppression of PCNA, cyclin D1, MMP-1, and MMP-10, which are mediated via the HIF-1α and P21-activated kinase 1/AKT/Runx2 pathways.

Conclusion
IPSC-Exo are effective at reversing pulmonary hypertension by reducing pulmonary vascular remodelling and may provide an iPSC-free therapy for the treatment of PAH.
High-risk Brugada syndrome: factors associated with arrhythmia recurrence and benefits of epicardial ablation in addition to implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation
Authors: Santinelli Vincenzo , Ciconte Giuseppe , Manguso Francesco , Anastasia Luigi , Micaglio Emanuele , Calovic Zarko , Vicedomini Gabriele , Mazza Beniamino , Vecchi Mattia , Mecarocci Valerio , Locati Emanuela T , Boccellino Antonio , Negro Gabriele , Napolano Antonio , Giannelli Luigi , Pappone Carlo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of the arrhythmogenic substrate size in symptomatic Brugada syndrome (BrS) as well as to validate the long-term safety and effectiveness of epicardial radiofrequency ablation (RFA) compared with no-RFA group.

Methods and results
In this prospective investigational long-term registry study, 257 selected symptomatic BrS patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation were included. Among them, 206 patients underwent epicardial RFA and were monitored for over 5 years post-ablation (RFA group), while 51 patients received only ICD implantation declining RFA. Primary endpoints included risk factors for ventricular fibrillation (VF) events pre-ablation and freedom from VF events post-ablation. In the RFA group, BrS substrates were identified in the epicardial surface of the right ventricle. During the pre-RFA follow-up period (median 27 months), VF episodes and VF storms were experienced by 53 patients. Independent risk factors included substrate size [hazard ratio (HR), 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.18; P &lt; 0.001], aborted cardiac arrest (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.68–5.28; P &lt; 0.001), and SCN5A variants (HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.15–4.27; P = 0.017). In the post-RFA follow-up (median 40 months), the RFA group demonstrated superior outcomes compared with no-RFA (P &lt; 0.001) without major procedure-related complications.

Conclusion
Our study underscores the role of BrS substrate extent as a crucial prognostic factor for recurrent VF and validates the safety and efficacy of RFA when compared with a no-RFA group. Our findings highlight the importance of ajmaline in guiding epicardial mapping/ablation in symptomatic BrS patients, laying the groundwork for further exploration of non-invasive methods to guide informed clinical decision-making.
Non-invasive detection of slow conduction with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for ventricular tachycardia ablation
Authors: Vázquez-Calvo Sara , Mas Casanovas Judit , Garre Paz , Sánchez-Somonte Paula , Falzone Pasquale Valerio , Uribe Laura , Guasch Eduard , Tolosana José Maria , Borras Roger , Figueras i Ventura Rosa M , Arbelo Elena , Ortiz-Pérez José T , Prats Susana , Perea Rosario J , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluís , Porta-Sanchez Andreu , Roca-Luque Ivo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Non-invasive myocardial scar characterization with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been shown to accurately identify conduction channels and can be an important aid for ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. A new mapping method based on targeting deceleration zones (DZs) has become one of the most commonly used strategies for VT ablation procedures. The aim of the study was to analyse the capability of CMR to identify DZs and to find predictors of arrhythmogenicity in CMR channels.

Methods and results
Forty-four consecutive patients with structural heart disease and VT undergoing ablation after CMR at a single centre (October 2018 to July 2021) were included (mean age, 64.8 ± 11.6 years; 95.5% male; 70.5% with ischaemic heart disease; a mean ejection fraction of 32.3 ± 7.8%). The characteristics of CMR channels were analysed, and correlations with DZs detected during isochronal late activation mapping in both baseline maps and remaps were determined. Overall, 109 automatically detected CMR channels were analysed (2.48 ± 1.15 per patient; length, 57.91 ± 63.07 mm; conducting channel mass, 2.06 ± 2.67 g; protectedness, 21.44 ± 25.39 mm). Overall, 76.1% of CMR channels were associated with a DZ. A univariate analysis showed that channels associated with DZs were longer [67.81 ± 68.45 vs. 26.31 ± 21.25 mm, odds ratio (OR) 1.03, P = 0.010], with a higher border zone (BZ) mass (2.41 ± 2.91 vs. 0.87 ± 0.86 g, OR 2.46, P = 0.011) and greater protectedness (24.97 ± 27.72 vs. 10.19 ± 9.52 mm, OR 1.08, P = 0.021).

Conclusion
Non-invasive detection of targets for VT ablation is possible with CMR. Deceleration zones found during electroanatomical mapping accurately correlate with CMR channels, especially those with increased length, BZ mass, and protectedness.
Recurrent Subspaces in Banach Spaces
Authors: López-Martínez Antoni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the spaceability of the set of recurrent vectors $\text{Rec}(T)$ for an operator $T:X\longrightarrow X$ on a Banach space $X$. In particular, we find sufficient conditions for a quasi-rigid operator to have a recurrent subspace; when $X$ is a complex Banach space, we show that having a recurrent subspace is equivalent to the fact that the essential spectrum of the operator intersects the closed unit disk, and we extend the previous result to the real case. As a consequence, we obtain that a weakly-mixing operator on a real or complex separable Banach space has a hypercyclic subspace if and only if it has a recurrent subspace. The results exposed exhibit a symmetry between the hypercyclic and recurrent spaceability theories showing that, at least for the spaceable property, hypercyclicity and recurrence can be treated as equals.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of liposomal amphotericin B in children. Are we there yet? A systematic review
Authors: Lai Tony , Yeo Chin-Yen , Rockliff Bradley , Stokes Michael , Kim Hannah Yejin , Marais Ben J , McLachlan Andrew J , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool that supports personalized dosing, but its role for liposomal amphotericin B (L-amb) is unclear. This systematic review assessed the evidence for L-amb TDM in children.

Objectives
To evaluate the concentration–efficacy relationship, concentration–toxicity relationship and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) variability of L-amb in children.

Methods
We systematically reviewed PubMed and Embase databases following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included L-amb PK/PD studies in children aged 0–18 years. Review articles, case series of &lt;five patients, editorials and animal studies were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Critical Appraisal of Clinical Pharmacokinetics tool. The concentration–efficacy and concentration–toxicity relationships and PK/PD variability were analysed.

Results
In total, 4220 studies were screened; 6 were included, presenting data on 195 children. Invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis were the two most common infections treated with L-amb. Studies showed significant PK variability due to age (mean age ranged from 14 days to 17 years), body weight, non-linear PK and changes in the volume of distribution. Limited evidence supported a peak concentration/MIC (Cmax/MIC) of 25–50 for optimal efficacy and an AUC24 of &gt;600 mg·h/L for nephrotoxicity. L-amb doses of 2.5–10 mg/kg/day were reported to achieve Cmax/MIC &gt; 25 using an MIC of 1 mg/L.

Conclusions
While significant PK variability was observed in children, evidence to support routine L-amb TDM was limited. Further studies on efficacy and toxicity benefits are required before routine TDM of L-amb can be recommended.
Depth sectioning using environmental and atomic-resolution STEM
Authors: Takeguchi Masaki , Hashimoto Ayako , Mitsuishi Kazutaka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of samples in gas and liquid media are acquired with an environmental cell (EC) via silicon nitride membranes. The ratio of sample signal against the background is a significant factor for resolution. Depth-sectioning scanning TEM (STEM) is a promising technique that enhances the signal for a sample embedded in a matrix. It can increase the resolution to the atomic level, thereby enabling EC-STEM applications in important areas. This review introduces depth-sectioning STEM and its applications to high-resolution EC-STEM imaging of samples in gases and in liquids.