bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diverse functions of Pseudomonas syringae syringae van Hall effectors in regulating the plant immune response
Authors: Wang Xiang , Yan Fei , Ma Guojing , Li Aixia , Liu Lijing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSorghum relies on its immune system to defend against various pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae syringae van Hall (Pss van Hall). However, the sorghum immune system is largely unknown. Reports on pathogenic effectors have provided valuable insights into the plant immune system; thus, we aimed to identify Pss van Hall effectors that can regulate the sorghum defense response in this study. Here, we first established the sorghum-Pss van Hall pathosystem and found that type III effectors played critical roles in the virulence of Pss van Hall to sorghum. To predict its effectors, the whole genome of Pss van Hall was sequenced, and 18 effector-coding genes were identified. Among them, five effectors belong to the core effectors of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, and two may be monocot pathogen-specific effectors. Pss van Hall triggered the hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that the effectors of Pss van Hall can be divided into cell death inducers and immune repressors by examining their functions in HR induction and repression of PTI marker gene, ROS production, and pathogen growth. Finally, the roles of core effectors HopAJ2 and HopAN1, and specific effector HopAX1 were further confirmed in the sorghum-Pss van Hall pathosystem. Importantly, the functions of HopAN1 and HopAX1 in regulating plant immunity were reported for the first time. We believe that the identification of these effectors will facilitate the continued exploration of the sorghum immune system.
Gender Dysphoria in a Patient With Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development
Authors: Moreno Telma , Ribeiro Sara , Rodrigues Pedro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue in the gonads. Management and sex designation of these patients depend on several factors, and an underlying potential for gender dysphoria should be acknowledged. We present a case of a patient diagnosed with 46,XX OT-DSD at 12 months old who was attributed a female sex designation but started manifesting gender dysphoria during adolescence. Gender identity is an important factor to consider on long-term follow-up of OT-DSD patients.
Lateral facial profile of β-thalassemia major in Javanese children: a photogrammetric analysis
Authors: Parengkuan Wulan Geraldine , Kuswandari Sri , Soeprihati Indah Titien 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND Impairment of globin chain synthesis in patients with β-thalassemia major causes ineffective erythropoiesis. This condition triggers bone marrow hyperplasia and can lead to craniofacial bone abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the lateral facial profile of β-thalassemia major, identify any differences when compared with a control group of similar age and ethnicity, and reveal the facial profile of β-thalassemia major in Javanese children.
METHODS This cross-sectional study included 35 β-thalassemia major children aged 7–15 years. They were divided into 3 groups based on their age. Lateral facial photogrammetry was taken by measuring the forehead protrusion and nasolabial angle. Data were then mapped to the normal group of children in the same age group and descriptively analyzed using SPSS software.
RESULTS The 1 and 2 SD group had a higher prevalence of β-thalassemia major in children aged 7–9 years for both sexes. The older age group had a closer mean value to those of children without thalassemia.
CONCLUSIONS The forehead and maxillary profile of Javanese β-thalassemia major children tended to be protrusive, especially in the 7–9 years age group, while the older age groups had closer mean values to those of children without thalassemia.
Circular polarization-selective optical, photothermal, and optofluidic effects in chiral metasurfaces
Authors: Ma Cuiping , Yu Peng , Jing Zhimin , Zhu Yisong , Li Peihang , Wang Wenhao , Xu Hongxing , Zhang Yanning , Pan Liang , Choi Tae-Youl , Neogi Arup , Govorov Alexander O. , Wang Zhiming 
Published: December 2023

Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection, enantioselective catalysis, and chiral separation. This paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasurface that exhibits a circular polarization-selective effect in dual bands—positive and negative CD peaks at short wavelengths and long wavelengths, respectively. Significantly, we uncover that this phenomenon extends beyond the far-field optical response, as it is also observed in the photothermal effect and the dynamics of thermally induced fluid motion. By carefully engineering the metasurface design, we achieve two distinct CD signals with high g factors (∼1) at the wavelengths of 877 nm and 1045 nm, respectively. The findings presented in this study advance our comprehension of CD and offer promising prospects for enhancing chiral light–matter interactions in the domains of nanophotonics and optofluidics.
Morphological changes of macular neovascularization during long-term anti-VEGF-therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pauleikhoff Daniel , Gunnemann Marie-Luise , Ziegler Martin , Heimes-Bussmann Britta , Bormann Eike , Bachmeier Isabel , Yu Siqing , Garcia Armendariz Beatriz , Pauleikhoff Laurenz 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
To analyze the morphological changes of macular neovascularization (MNV) in exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration under long-term intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods and patients
We evaluated 143 nAMD eyes of 94 patients (31 male, 63 female; initial age 55–97 y, mean age 75.9 ± 7.5 y), who started anti-VEGF therapy (IVAN pro re nata (PRN) protocol) between 2009–2018 and received ongoing therapy until the last recorded visit (mean follow-up 5.3 ± 2.9 y, range 1–14 y). The mean total number of injections was 33.3 ± 19.8 with 7.0 ± 2.3 injections/year. MNV size and, if present, associated complete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina atrophy (cRORA) size were measured on optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans at the initial visit and for each year of follow-up. MNV and cRORA were identified on B-scans and their respective borders were manually transposed onto the en-face near infrared image and measured in mm2.

Results
MNV enlarged through follow-up, with a mean growth rate of 1.24 mm2 / year. The mean growth in MNV size was independent of initial MNV size, age, gender, MNV subtypes or number of injections per year. Nevertheless, a great interindividual variation in size and growth was observed. cRORA developed in association with increasing MNV size and its incidence increased linearly over follow-up. cRORA lesions also showed continuous growth by a rate of 1.22 mm2 / year.

Conclusions
Despite frequent long-term anti-VEGF therapy, we observed ongoing MNV growth. This is consistent with the concept that the development of MNV may be a physiological biological repair mechanism to preserve RPE and photoreceptor function, provided hyperpermeability and fluid exudation are controlled. Whether recurring low VEGF levels or other factors are responsible for MNV growth remains controversial.
PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT AMONG LAWYERS
Authors: Косорукова Ирина , Mrvich Nadezhda 
Published: December 2023

The problem of professional burnout has been in the center of numerous research for the last decades. Their results facilitated diagnosing the causes and consequences of this professional dysphoria. The majority of this research was focused on social occupations connected with intensive contacts with people. However, practicing lawyers who have a lot of social contacts by the nature of service and therefore especially suffer from burnout, have not been studied fully enough. The relevance of our study of this problem primarily lies in the need of further research of the professional burnout syndrome for its timely prevention and assistance to lawyers.
The investigation of the professional burnout syndrome among that category of workers was carried out with the help of the MBI survey to determine the level of professional burnout according to the methods of Christina Maslach and Susan Jackson in adaptation of Natalia E. Vodopyanova based on the research of psychologists Charles Figley, Simon Philip Baron-Cohen, as well as Russian scholars. The respondents’ survey took place in the city of Vologda in February 2023 and the sampling population was more than 500 respondents.
As a result the relationship of professional burnout with age and gender was determined. It turned out that working women are more prone to burnout than men, as they have additional emotional and physical burden connected with family chores. There is a description of depersonalization as a component of emotional burnout: inadequate attitude towards colleagues, irritability, loss of “idealism” and withdrawal into oneself. At the same time it was revealed that the impact of the psychological state of an individual employee on the whole team is insignificant. Specific recommendations for the prevention of the emotional burnout syndrome are suggested; the impact of professional burnout on the respondents’ general state of health was studied. Dependency of emotional burnout with empathy and features of the team are revealed. The most efficient ways of emotional burnout syndrome prevention are suggested. The results of the research can be used by psychologists who work with lawyers with emotional burnout symptoms and heads of organizations.
Differentiated approach to the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: higher doses of analgesics provide a better effect. A brief narrative review
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Lila A. M. 
Published: December 2023

Effective pain control is one of the main goals in the treatment of patient with musculoskeletal disorders. The main suffering of patients is associated with pain: decrease in working capacity and quality of life, disability and severe psycho-emotional disturbances. The pathogenesis of musculoskeletal pain is complex and includes damage (due to an autoimmune process, mechanical or metabolic stress), inflammation, peripheral and central sensitization, degenerative processes (neoangiogenesis, heterotopic ossification, fibrosis), muscle tension, psychoemotional disorders (depression, anxiety), negative behavioral reactions. Pain treatment should be comprehensive and include pharmacotherapy as well as non-pharmacological therapy and rehabilitation methods.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are at the forefront of pain treatment. They are effective, convenient and affordable, but can cause a wide range of complications. A personalized approach to pain management is therefore based on the choice of the “right” NSAID. Based on the balance between efficacy and safety, celecoxib can be considered the first choice. It has an extensive evidence base confirming its therapeutic potential in acute pain, osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, systemic rheumatic diseases and other pathologies, as well as a relatively low risk of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular complications. The prescription of celecoxib should be personalized: for severe pain and systemic rheumatic diseases, treatment should be started with a dose of 400 mg/day (600 mg can be used on the first day), followed by a transition to a maintenance dose of 200 mg/day once pain control is achieved.
Factors associated with achieving an acceptable health-related quality of life in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Tremaskina P. O. , Korotaeva T. V. , Loginova E. Yu. , Glukhova S. I. , Lila A. M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: to analyze factors associated with the achievement of acceptable health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) 7 years after the start of observation.Material and methods. The study included 53 patients (28 women, 25 men) with PsA who met the 2006 CASPAR criteria. The mean age of patients was 45.7±12.0 years, the median duration of PsA was 90 [72; 99] months, and the observation period was 81 [61; 91] months. The study included patients in early stage of PsA (duration up to 2 years), who were treated according to the “treat-to-target” strategy (T2T) for 24 months. Subsequently, all patients continued therapy according to the standards of medical care under the supervision of the treating physician. Over time, a standard rheumatological examination was performed. Activity of PsA was assessed by DAPSA, psoriasis by BSA, HRQoL by Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID-12); body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) and functional status by HAQ were also assessed. PsAID-12 ≤4 corresponded to achieving a Patient Acceptable State Status (PASS). The results were analyzed in two groups of patients: PsAID-12 ≤4 and PsAID-12 >4. The number of patients (%) who achieved minimal disease activity (MDA) after 1–2 years of active treatment and after 7 years was assessed. X-rays of the hands and feet (n=42) were performed using standard methods, changes were assessed using the Sharp/van der Heijde method modified for PsA (m-Sharp/van der Heijde).Results and discussion. After 7 years, 38 (71.7%) of 53 patients were found to have PASS. Patients who achieved PASS had significantly lower PsA and psoriasis activity, lower CRP levels, lower m-Sharp/van der Heijde scores, better functional status and HRQoL, and lower BMI at baseline. Factors associated with achieving PASS were identified: absence of nail psoriasis, BSA ≤3%, CRP ≤5 mg/l, number of swollen joints ≤3, number of painful joints ≤5, HAQ ≤0.5 at baseline and after 24 months, and achievement of MDA during the first 12 months of treatment.Conclusion. The majority of PsA patients treated at an early stage according to T2T principles had PASS, which is associated with low disease activity, fewer joint erosions, better functional status and achievement of MDA during the first 12 months of therapy. These factors should be considered when predicting disease progression.
Evaluation of the impact of a course of therapy with an injectable form of chondroitin sulfate on the duration of remission and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Kovalenko P. S. , Dydykina I. S. , Alekseeva O. G. , Shakhramanova E. L. , Potapova A. S. , Glukhova S. I. , Zotkin E. G. 
Published: December 2023

Ensuring a long-lasting effect of the therapy and its safety are important tasks in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Parenteral forms of chondroitin sulfate (CS) used for the background therapy of OA are characterized by proven efficacy and safety and, compared to oral forms, have greater bioavailability, faster onset of symptom-modifying effect and maintenance of more stable remission, which can significantly improve patients' quality of life.Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of two-month therapy with injectable CS and the duration of positive dynamics after the end of treatment in patients with knee OA (KOA).Material and methods. The open prospective observational study involved 35 patients (mainly women) aged 50–75 years with stage II–III KOA. All patients were prescribed intramuscular therapy with a CS solution (Mucosat® solution), with the first three injections of 1 ml, followed by 2 ml every second day (25 injections in total). Standard indices and questionnaires were used to assess the main clinical indicators at baseline and over time (14, 30, 60 days, 5 and 8 months after the start of treatment), as well as the results of ultrasound examination of the knee at baseline and at the end of treatment.Results and discussion. 14 days after the start of therapy, a statistically significant decrease in pain was observed applying the visual analogue scale (VAS), and after 2 months, 94% of patients had a significant decrease in knee pain according to VAS, Lequesne index and WOMAC index (total score and components). The KOOS parameters and quality of life according to EQ-5D-3L improved significantly. There was no pain or only minor pain (VAS ≤40 mm) in 54% of patients. The number of patients who had to take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constantly fell threefold, while occasional use fell fivefold. The thickness of the synovial membrane of the knee joint and the number of patients with signs of synovitis decreased significantly. At 3 and 6 months after the end of therapy, most patients (60%) still had minor pain (≤40 mm according to VAS) and a significantly lower need for NSAIDs compared to baseline. The injectable CS was well tolerated and no adverse drug events were noted.Conclusion. We demonstrated both safety and efficacy and long-term maintenance of the clinical effect (6 months after the end of therapy) of injectable CS in the majority of OA patients, against the background of a low need for NSAIDs.
Regionale Arbeitsmarktbilanzen 1978 bis 1984
Authors: Bröcker Johannes 
Published: December 2023

Nicht nur die Höhe der Arbeitslosigkeit, gemessen an Arbeitslosenquoten, sondern auch der Zuwachs an Arbeitslosen seit den 70er Jahren weist in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ein markantes Nord-Süd-Gefälle auf. Hiervon darf jedoch nicht unmittelbar auf die Beschäftigungsdynamik der Regionen geschlossen werden, weil die regionalen Unterschiede auch zu einem erheblichen Teil auf demographische Einflüsse zurückzuführen sind. In dem Beitrag wird über den Versuch berichtet, die Beschäftigungsstatistik, die Bevölkerungsstatistik, die Statistik der registrierten Arbeitslosen und andere statistische Quellen so zusammenzuführen, daß sich ein Bild über den Beitrag der Arbeitsangebots- und Arbeitsnachfragekomponente zur Entwicklung regionaler Arbeitslosigkeit gewinnen läßt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, daß regionale Unterschiede in der Entwicklung beider Seiten in etwa gleichem Maße das Gesamtbild bestimmen. Von der Angebotsseite her wurden Regionen mit ungünstiger Beschäftigungsentwicklung – insbesondere die industriellen Zentren – tendenziell relativ wenig belastet, während andererseits Regionen mit recht günstiger Beschäftigungsentwicklung außerhalb der Verdichtungsräume erhebliche Erwerbspersonenzuwächse auf den regionalen Arbeitsmärkten zu verkraften hatten. Aus diesem Grunde schlagen sich auch die Beschäftigungszuwächse in einigen norddeutschen Regionen nicht in der Arbeitslosenstatistik nieder.
Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung auch für Regionalpläne?
Authors: Eberle Dieter 
Published: December 2023

Die „Projekt-UVP“ der EG-Richtlinie und des zu erwartenden deutschen UVP-Gesetzes bleibt eine „amputierte UVP“, wenn ihr nicht eine „Plan-UVP“ und insbesondere eine UVP für Regionalpläne zur Seite gestellt wird. Die Raumordnung hat sich bisher zu sehr auf das Thema „Integration einer 1. Stufe der UVP in Raumordnungsverfahren“ konzentriert und sich zu wenig für die Durchführung von UVPs bei der Aufstellung bzw. Fortschreibung von Regionalplänen engagiert. Die bislang durchaus schon praktizierte „Berücksichtigung ökologischer Belange“ bei der Aufstellung von Regionalplänen ist nicht als UVP zu interpretieren, da das, was üblicherweise in der Praxis gemacht wird, nicht den qualitativ-inhaltlichen Anforderungen der EG-Richtlinie zur UVP genügt.Überraschenderweise hat sich bei der Verbandsanhörung zum Referentenentwurf des deutschen UVP-Gesetzes eine nicht zu unterschätzende Lobby für eine Plan-UVP herauskristallisiert, die jedoch nicht von der Raumordnung ausgeht. Vor dem Hintergrund einiger skeptischer Argumente der Planungspraxis zur Regionalplan-UVP, die sehr erst genommen werden, wird dann ein Vorschlag für einen Praxis-Test einer solchen Regionalplan-UVP in einigen Modell-Regionen gemacht. Die dabei zu gewinnenden Erfahrungen sollten dann, bei einer späteren Verankerung der Regionalplan-UVP im Rahmen einer – zweifellos zu erwartenden – Novellierung sowohl der EG-Richtlinie zur UVP als auch des deutschen UVP-Gesetzes, einfließen.
Wirtschaftsschwache Gebiete: Politik der offenen Hand oder Strategie der staatlich gestützten regionalen Eigenentwicklung?
Authors: Wolf Folkwin 
Published: December 2023

Aktuelle Forschungsberichte signalisieren, daß die regionalen Entwicklungs- und Strukturdisparitäten auch in Zukunft – unter Umständen sogar verstärkt – fortbestehen werden, begünstigt u. a. durch weit- und binnenwirtschaftliche Strukturverschiebungen, technologische Entwicklungsprozesse und die Überlegenheit der dominierenden Wirtschaftszentren mit ihren institutionell und infrastrukturell überragenden Ausstattungen. Trotz überproportionaler finanzieller Förderung der wirtschaftsschwachen Regionen – vor allem im Bereich der regionalen Wirtschaftsförderung – ist es nicht gelungen, die regionalen Ungleichgewichte auf den Arbeitsmärkten entscheidend und nachhaltig zu verringern oder gar zu beseitigen. Ein Grund liegt mit darin, daß die staatlichen Fördermaßnahmen zu wenig die eigentlichen Ursachen regionaler Entwicklungs- und Strukturprobleme berücksichtigen und die regionalspezifischen Defizite und Engpässe nicht gezielt durch z. B. ressortkoordinierte Maßnahmen unter Beachtung der regionalen Prioritätserfordernisse angehen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, welche konkreten Möglichkeiten bestehen, auf Basis des vorhandenen (Planungs‑, Organisations- und Förderungs‑) Instrumentariums eine wirksamere und umfassendere regionale Entwicklungspolitik als bisher durchzusetzen, die nicht nur globalen staatlichen Zielvorstellungen, sondern auch den Prioritätsüberlegungen der betroffenen Regionen gerecht werden.Ausgangspunkt einer solchen Politik ist eine Strategie der staatlich gestützten regionalen Eigenentwicklung, d. h. eine Mobilisierung, Nutzung und Stärkung des in der Region ansässigen Potentials bei gleichzeitiger flankierender staatlicher finanzieller und institutioneller Förderung. Von entscheidender Bedeutung sind hierbei sowohl die institutionalisierte Zusammenarbeit der insbesondere arbeitsmarktpolitisch bedeutsamen regionalen Organisationen als auch die Koordinierung von Planungen und Maßnahmen auf horizontaler Ebene (Fachressorts) und in vertikaler Richtung (Kommunen/Regionen/Land). Das zur Durchsetzung dieser Strategie geeignete planerische, organisatorische/institutionelle und förderpolitische Instrumentarium ist bereits existent. Es kann jedoch erst dann seine Wirkung entfalten, wenn die politische Bereitschaft und die administrative Fähigkeit zu seiner Anwendung gegeben sind und der Wille zur Konsensbildung der Beteiligten – unter Zurückstellung ressort- und gruppenspezifischen Konkurrenzdenkens – besteht.