bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review of DIC and XCT Technologies in Evaluating Concrete Structural Integrity and Durability
Authors: Azari Fatemeh , Jazaei Robabeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The deteriorating concrete infrastructure in the U.S., notably highways and bridges, urgently needs attention. The Department of Transportation and various assessments highlight a maintenance deficit exacerbating traffic congestion [1]. An investment of about $3.6 trillion [1,2] is required to rectify these issues and improve traffic flow, emphasizing the need for stronger, more durable composite materials for concrete [2].Recent advances in high-resolution optical imaging, especially X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), have become crucial in materials science [3]. CT imaging offers in-depth insights into the internal structure of concrete, essential for understanding crack development and propagation under environmental stresses like earthquakes [4]. This technology has transformed the assessment of concrete’s mechanical properties, such as stress behaviors and deformation [4,5]. Improved CT imaging significantly enhances computational modeling, facilitating precise integration of geometric models into advanced finite element analysis software, thus improving the durability and longevity of concrete infrastructures [6, 7].
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications, progress, and limitations of CT imaging in concrete material analysis [6–8]. It underscores the significance of these imaging techniques in enhancing the structural performance of concrete, contributing to the resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems [7–9]. This review aims to foster a deeper understanding of material behaviors and drive innovations in concrete technology.
Flexural and Tensile Properties of Cu-Ni-Cr Alloy Processed by Solid-State Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Abid Abyaz , Sharifi Hamid , Alam Chowdhury Sadid , Ahmed Radif Uddin , Sarker Pratik , Wick Collin , Rahman M. Shafiqur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cu-Ni-Cr alloys, comprising copper, nickel, and chromium, are highly sought after for their diverse properties, finding extensive applications in marine engineering, electronics, and aerospace. Their corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength make them indispensable, enduring harsh conditions like seawater corrosion and high temperatures. In marine engineering, they excel in shipbuilding, piping systems, and underwater structures, ensuring longevity and reliability. In electrical engineering, their high conductivity and oxidation resistance suit connectors and switches. Aerospace relies on their strength-to-weight ratio, stability, and fatigue resistance for critical components. This paper focuses on the characterization of the novel 3D-printable Cu(51)Ni(44)Cr(5) alloy, exploring its mechanical properties through bending and tensile tests. A multiscale computational approach is pursued to characterize the flexural and tensile response combining Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and mesoscale finite element (FE) modeling. The MD atomic models provide essential input data for these tests, predicting behavior under bending stress and strain and tensile strength. Results from the FE models give insights into the performance of this material for potential applications in automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing industries. This investigation seeks to enhance understanding of the alloy’s properties, aiding its utilization in additive manufacturing under various demanding environments.
Integrating Digital Twin Technology During the Concept Development Phase of the Product Development Process
Authors: Mahmud S. M. Tawhid , Muci-Küchler Karim H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Digital Twins (DTs) are an essential component of Industry 4.0, as they can significantly enhance every stage of a product’s life cycle, from its initial design to its disposal. Design for Digital Twins (DfDT) is a new approach that incorporates Digital Twin technology into the design and development processes of physical consumer products, facilitating the identification and development of both focused and comprehensive DTs concurrently with the physical product. DfDT aims to enhance product design by enabling more efficient and effective data use throughout the product lifecycle. It uses existing technologies, such as 3D scanning, Computer-Aided Engineering, and Machine Learning., to support different activities related to the development of digital twins. DfDT can provide a shift towards more informed and data-driven product design, reducing the need for physical prototypes and helping to identify and resolve product performance issues before they lead to costly design changes. An electric scooter is used to demonstrate the application of key aspects of the proposed DfDT methodology. It is expected that DfDT will help product development teams utilize DTs for efficient product development by integrating advanced digital capabilities at the outset of product conceptualization to enhance traditional product design processes.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Nickel Using Ni(dmamb)2 on the Top of ZnO Adhesion Layer Without Plasma
Authors: Baker Kaiya , Brown Hayden , Gebre Fisseha , Xu JiaJun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technique was employed to deposit Nickel. Initially, the experiment utilized Diethylzinc (C4H10ZnO) with H2O to create a ZnO adhesion layer. This deposition process was carried out on a Silicon wafer with a crystal structure of &lt;001&gt;. The deposition of ZnO served as a precursor for the subsequent process, which involved the deposition of vaporized Nickel (II) 1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-butoxide (Ni(dmamb)2) along with H2 as a carrier gas. This step aimed to achieve the uniform deposition of Nickel (Ni) layers on top of the ZnO layer.
In this research work, the deposition temperature varied from 220°C to 300°C. The experimental design focused on investigating the thickness of Ni deposition, composition, and crystallographic structure using multiple analytical techniques. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were employed for this purpose.
Ellipsometry revealed an average growth rate of approximately 0.0105 angstroms per cycle at 260°C. SEM analysis demonstrated uniform deposition of ZnO with less than 1% of Ni, supported by high-quality images. Additionally, XRD analysis confirmed the validity of ZnO by revealing its crystalline attributes, including the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite structure.
Coupled Lateral-Torsional Diagnostic Model and Test Campaign Validation for Geared Rotating Equipment
Authors: Libraschi Mirko , Innocenti Marco , Galanti Matteo , Spolveri Niccolò 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nowadays the wide use of large electric drives is becoming more and more common in many oil and gas applications. The so-called electrification process started more than two decades ago, and it is still ongoing; the demand of electric variable speed drive systems (VSDS) is increasing, and it is foreseen to further grow in the next years. Moto-compressor applications fed by Variable Frequency Drives are based on well-known power electronics technology that could generate integer and non-integer harmonics, causing also pulsating torque along the entire shaft line. In this context, assessing torsional vibrations is crucial, often requiring a dedicated cycle fatigue stress analysis. Usually, the shaft line torsional vibrations are estimated by analyzing the magnetic speed pick-up signal by means of high samples acquisition system. Indeed, torsional oscillation is a frequency modulation process of the rotation speed.
This article illustrates alternative diagnostic methodologies for torsional vibration of rotating equipment connected through parallel shaft gearboxes. The use of gearbox is essential to meet the load speed requirements versus the driver speed capability. On the other hand, due to the nature of meshing teeth, lateral and torsional vibration are mutually related. The diagnostic method outlined in this paper is a reliable lateral-torsional model capable of deducing the unobserved torsional vibrations starting from the measured radial ones. Indeed, hydrodynamic bearings in industrial applications are commonly equipped with shaft proximity probes, simplifying, and making this evaluation more accessible even for already field-installed machinery.
The proposed rotodynamic estimation algorithm has been validated exploiting ad hoc instrumentation (i.e. strain gauges on coupling) installed during the string test at Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) facility.
The test campaign has demonstrated that the suggested technique is a highly reliable and comprehensive method for diagnostic & prognostic purposes, capable of predicting the torsional vibrations without the need of additional instrumentation on the equipment apart from the shaft radial displacement probes.
Design and Analysis of Windshield Field of View in North American Rail Vehicle Cab Design
Authors: Wang Zida , Zhang Long , Yin Yanbo , Li Meishan , Lv Qiang , Zhang Xi , Liu Yang , Huang Wei , Chen Qiubo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Operator’s field of view (FOV) is critical, as it directly impacts vehicle operations. However, there is a limited amount of relevant research in this area, especially in rolling stock industry. This paper details the validation process for cab design based on visibility requirements for subway and light rail operators in North America. The goal is to provide a reference for rail vehicle design and ensure a smooth design process, minimizing later adjustments. A 3D Human Mankin body model, based on body statistics from the 5th percentile of females and the 95th percentile of males in North America, was used for reliable validation. The model is placed into the vehicle context with structural parameters and then ergonomics is analyzed to determine the effects of various factors on the operator. Mockup cars were used for validation purposes and ergonomic validation was performed on them using real-size trackside markers and signal indications to maximize the simulation of a real operating environment. The cab design tested under these methods has been approved as meeting the project requirements. To further accommodate the special working conditions, cameras are added to optimize the design and thus expand the field of view. The validated cab design has now been put into production and broadly used in North American projects. The design parameters and validation methods stated in this paper are of significance to the field and can be used as a reference for North American cab design.
Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures for Catalyst Applications
Authors: Ghanadi Nahal , Son Kwangtae , Paul Brian K. , Pasebani Somayeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The design and fabrication of Inconel 718 open-pore lattice structures via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) has been investigated in this research, focusing on applications such as catalyst supports in jet fuel production. The study explores the impact of laser power and scanning speed on the geometrical resolution of these structures aiming to achieve high porosity (porosity &gt; 60%) and specific pore sizes ranging from 500–1000 μm, intending to serve as catalyst supports, replacing conventionally manufactured foams to reduce costs. Results demonstrate the significant influence of processing parameters on the geometrical aspects of printed lattice structures, with laser power having a more pronounced effect on geometrical accuracy than scanning speed. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the printed lattice structures showed a correlation with the lattice strut sizes, as lattices with less porosity and thicker struts resulted in higher maximum shear stress.
Discovery of three novel neutralizing antibody epitopes on the human astrovirus capsid spike and mechanistic insights into virus neutralization
Authors: Lanning Sarah , Aguilar-Hernández Nayeli , Serrão Vitor Hugo B. , López Tomás , O'Rourke Sara M. , Lentz Adam , Ricemeyer Lena , Espinosa Rafaela , López Susana , Arias Carlos F. , DuBois Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are a leading cause of viral childhood diarrhea that infects nearly every individual during their lifetime. Although human astroviruses are highly prevalent, no approved vaccine currently exists. Antibody responses appear to play an important role in protection from HAstV infection; however, knowledge about the neutralizing epitope landscape is lacking, as only three neutralizing antibody epitopes have previously been determined. Here, we structurally define the epitopes of three uncharacterized HAstV-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: antibody 4B6 with X-ray crystallography to 2.67 Å, and antibodies 3H4 and 3B4 simultaneously with single-particle cryogenic-electron microscopy to 3.33 Å. We assess the epitope locations relative to conserved regions on the capsid spike and find that while antibodies 4B6 and 3B4 target the upper variable loop regions of the HAstV spike protein, antibody 3H4 targets a novel region near the base of the spike that is more conserved. Additionally, we found that all three antibodies bind with high affinity, and they compete with receptor FcRn binding to the capsid spike. These studies inform which regions of the HAstV capsid can be targeted by monoclonal antibody therapies and could aid in rational vaccine design.

IMPORTANCE
Human astroviruses (HAstVs) infect nearly every child in the world, causing diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Despite the prevalence of human astroviruses, little is known about how antibodies block virus infection. Here, we determined high-resolution structures of the astrovirus capsid protein in a complex with three virus-neutralizing antibodies. The antibodies bind distinct sites on the capsid spike domain. The antibodies block virus attachment to human cells and prevent capsid spike interaction with the human neonatal Fc receptor. These findings support the use of the human astrovirus capsid spike as an antigen in a vaccine to prevent astrovirus disease.
Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid as a Promising Inducer of Ferroptosis: Dynamics of Action in Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Models
Authors: Olkhovik D. M. , Silkina M. O. , Razumovskaya A. V. , Klycheva K. V. , Fatkulin A. A. , Kulagin T. A. , Nikulin S. V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death (PCD) associated with lipid membrane peroxidation. It has gained attention in cancer research because some tumor cells that are resistant to other forms of PCD are sensitive to ferroptosis. Despite the significant amount of research on ferroptosis, the list of known inducers remains limited, creating opportunities to discover new compounds with clinical potential. Recent studies have shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can function as ferroptosis inducers. In this study, we examined the kinetics of ferroptosis in prostate and colorectal cancer cells under the influence of erastin and DHA. Differences in the kinetics and mechanisms of action were observed. Moreover, cells resistant to erastin were found to be sensitive to DHA, confirming the potential of further research into its use as an anticancer agent.
WHO guidelines on waist circumference and physical activity and their joint association with cancer risk
Authors: Bohmann Patricia , Stein Michael J , Amadou Amina , Baurecht Hansjörg , Fervers Béatrice , Fontvieille Emma , Freisling Heinz , Friedenreich Christine , Konzok Julian , Peruchet-Noray Laia , Leitzmann Michael F , Sedlmeier Anja M , Weber Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Objective
Low body fat and high physical activity levels are key lifestyle factors in cancer prevention, but the interplay of abdominal obesity and physical activity on cancer risk remains unknown. We explored individual and joint associations of waist circumference and physical activity with cancer risk.

Methods
Using UK Biobank data (n=315 457), we categorised individuals according to WHO guideline thresholds for waist circumference and self-reported physical activity levels. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of total cancer. The reference group comprised individuals with recommended levels of waist circumference (<88 cm for women and <102 cm for men) and physical activity (>10 metabolic equivalent of task hours/week). Furthermore, we estimated the proportion of cancers attributable to abdominal obesity and insufficient physical activity.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 11 years (3 321 486 person-years), 29 710 participants developed any type of cancer. Participants not meeting the WHO guideline on waist circumference had increased cancer risk, even when sufficiently physically active according to the WHO (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.15). Similarly, individuals not achieving the WHO guideline for physical activity showed an elevated risk, even if they were abdominally lean (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). Not adhering to either guideline yielded the strongest increase in risk (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.19). We estimated that abdominal obesity coupled with insufficient physical activity could account for 2.0% of UK Biobank cancer cases.

Conclusion
Adherence to both WHO guidelines for waist circumference and physical activity is essential for cancer prevention; meeting just one of these guidelines is insufficient.
Exploring the burden of cholera in the WHO African region: patterns and trends from 2000 to 2023 cholera outbreak data
Authors: Koua Etien Luc , Moussana Fleury Hybriel , Sodjinou Vincent Dossou , Kambale Freddy , Kimenyi Jean Paul , Diallo Saliou , Okeibunor Joseph , Gueye Abdou Salam 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionCholera outbreaks remain persistent in the WHO African region, with an increased trend in recent years. This study analyses actual drivers of cholera including correlations with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, and climate change trends.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study. Cholera data from 2000 to 2023 and data relating to cholera drivers were compiled and analysed through multi-level exploratory analysis. We cross-referenced several WASH indicators, and generated a similarity matrix to categorise countries or subnational units into groups using principal component analysis and K-means clustering. We integrated cholera outbreak data with WASH indicators and created a matrix of indicators relevant for analysing cholera burden. We conducted summary statistics, temporal visualisations, Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, trend analysis and statistical tests for correlations to derive patterns and trends from the data, derive similarities and develop projections.ResultsA total of 2 727 172 cases and 63 182 deaths were reported from 44 countries, representing 94% of the 47 countries in the region, from 2000 to 2023. The case fatality ratio of 2.3% is suggestive of issues in case management. A total of 684 outbreaks were reported, with the highest burdens in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Median detection time to outbreak was 2 days, while median time for outbreak control was 92 days. Cholera incidence seemed higher in the period 2014 to 2023 than in the period before 2014. The study results confirmed correlations between WASH indicators and cholera outbreaks. Risks factors include drinking surface water, lacking soap and/or water, and open defaecation. Over 29% and 58.8% of the population lack access to basic water and basic sanitation, respectively.ConclusionInsufficient access to WASH services remains the main predisposing factor for cholera in the WHO African region. Political leaders should invest more in access to WASH, strengthen multisectoral collaboration, and improve availability of needed tools to increase the likelihood of meeting cholera elimination goals by 2030.
Accepting your Body after Cancer (ABC), a group-based online intervention for women treated for breast cancer: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lewis-Smith Helena , Jones Abigail , White Paul , Byford Sarah , Fairbrother Patricia , Potter Shelley , Harcourt Diana 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. While increasing numbers of women are living beyond breast cancer, treatment-related body image concerns are common and associated with adverse consequences. Nonetheless, rigorously evaluated and effective body image interventions are lacking among this group.Accepting your Body after Cancer (ABC) has indicated promise in relation to inperson delivery. However, online delivery may increase accessibility and facilitate sustainability of the intervention. Therefore, we aim to establish the feasibility of conducting a fully powered randomised controlled trial to evaluate online delivery ofABC.Methods and analysis120 women who have received treatment for breast cancer and are experiencing body image concerns will be randomised equally to either theABCor standard care control group. All participants in both conditions will receive a body image booklet for people who have had cancer.ABCparticipants will also take part in a weekly seven-session, group-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention, delivered online by a psychologist and cancer support specialist. Outcome measures will be completed at baseline and 9 weeks, 20 weeks and 32 weeks post baseline. Quantitative data on recruitment, retention,ABCattendance and questionnaire completion rates will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data will also be collected to better understand the feasibility and acceptability of the research process and intervention, with data analysed using ‘codebook’ thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the Newcastle North Tyneside Research Ethics Committee (ref: 24/NE/0092). The findings will be disseminated to academic and health professionals via a peer-reviewed publication and presentations at relevant conferences. Results will also be disseminated to participants, national cancer organisations and the general public via accessible reports, online presentations and different communication channels.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT06412341; ISRCTNISRCTN88199566; IRAS 327507; REC reference 24/NE/0092; funder reference NIHR205415.