bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid raft proteome reveals ATP synthase complex in the cell surface
Authors: Bae Tae‐Jung , Kim Min‐Sik , Kim Jun‐Woo , Kim Bong‐Woo , Choo Hyo‐Jung , Lee Joong‐Won , Kim Ki‐Bum , Lee Chang Seok , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Chang Sun Young , Kang Chang‐Yuil , Lee Sang‐Won , Ko Young‐Gyu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSee original http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200400952
Using statistical techniques to detect fraud: a test case
Authors: O'Kelly Michael 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn an experiment to test the effectiveness of statistical measures in detecting fraud, three physicians fabricated scores on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for a number of subjects in three sites. The fabricated data were then planted among MADRS data from 18 genuine sites. A statistician blinded as to the identity and quantity of the fabricated data attempted to detect the ‘fraudulent’ data by searching for unusual means and correlations. One of the three fabricated sites was correctly identified, and one genuine site was incorrectly identified as a potential fabrication. In addition, inlying and/or outlying means and correlations found in the genuine data suggested the possibility of using statistical checks for unusual data early in a study so that sites with unusual patterns could be prioritized for monitoring, training and, if necessary, auditing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Designing clinical trials with uncertain estimates of variability
Authors: Julious Steven A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn estimated sample size is a function of three components: the required power, the predetermined Type I error rate, and the specified effect size. For Normal data the standardized effect size is taken as the difference between two means divided by an estimate of the population standard deviation. However, in early phase trials one may not have a good estimate of the population variance as it is often based on the results of a few relatively small trials. The imprecision of this estimate should be taken into account in sample size calculations. When estimating a trial sample size this paper recommends that one should investigate the sensitivity of the trial to the assumptions made about the variance and consider being adaptive in one's trial design. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
REGULATORY UPDATES: ICH E14 draft consensus guideline on clinical evaluation of QT/QTc interval prolongation
Authors: Patterson Scott D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractICH E14 calls for public comment by epidemiologists and statisticians on the practical implications of thresholds to be used for regulatory decision‐making. Readers involved in QT/QTc assessment in drug development and those with an interest in this area are encouraged to give the topic some thought and to be prepared to engage in public debate on the proposed ICH E14 guidance in late 2004 and early 2005. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Entropy/information indices of the “stockholder” atoms‐in‐molecules
Authors: Nalewajski Roman F. , Broniatowska Elżbieta 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe information theory provides a solid foundation of Hirshfeld's “stockholder” partitioning of the molecular electron density into densities of bonded atoms. These entropy equilibrium, overlapping atoms‐in‐molecules constitute attractive concepts for the chemical interpretation of the molecular electronic structure. The local nature of this division scheme is emphasized in terms of the conditional probabilities of molecular subsystems. The Hirshfeld “information” channel for a given local volume element of constituent atoms, with the local promolecular (“input”) and molecular (“output”) conditional probabilities, is examined and its several local and global (molecularly averaged) conditional entropy and entropy deficiency descriptors are introduced and discussed. Illustrative numerical DFT (LDA) results for H2 and HF are reported and the proposed entropy/information descriptors are examined as tools for diagnosing the chemical bonds. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Interval estimation and hypothesis testing of intraclass correlation coefficients: the generalized variable approach
Authors: Tian Lili 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel approach using the concept of generalized variable (GV) for the confidence interval estimation of the difference of two intraclass correlation coefficients under unequal family sizes. This approach can also easily provide P‐values for hypothesis testing. Simulation results show that the GV approach can provide confidence intervals with good coverage properties and perform hypothesis testing with satisfactory type‐I error control. Furthermore, the confidence intervals and P‐values by GV approach can be easily obtained by simulation. Therefore the GV approach is a suitable candidate for making inference concerning two intraclass correlation coefficients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conclusion and additional resources
Authors: Cawthon Tony W. , Forney Deanna S. , Bramhall Ron , Dagley John C. , Davis Tracy L. , Dunn Merrily S. , Hinton Kandace G. , Howard‐Hamilton Mary F. , McMahon Timothy R. , Paisley Pamela O. , Taub Deborah J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis chapter offers tips and additional books, films, television shows, Web sites, and other media resources for teaching and training.
Gepulstes Pirani‐Vakuummeter: Berechnung von Aufheizung und Abkühlung. Pulsed Pirani vacuum gauge: calculation of heating and cooling
Authors: Jitschin W. , Ludwig S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDer gepulste Betrieb des Heißdraht‐Vakuummeters nach Pirani bietet mehrere Vorteile: Erweiterung des Messbereiches zu höheren Drücken hin, reduzierte Abhängigkeit von der Gasart und Verringerung der Leistungsaufnahme. Das Aufheizen und Abkühlen des Drahtes wurde bereits experimentell vermessen. Allerdings ist das beobachtete Verhalten in seinen Details nicht auf einfache Weise zu verstehen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit berichten wir über theoretische Berechnungen des Aufheiz‐ und Abkühl‐Vorgangs für das System aus Sensordraht und umgebenden Gas bei verschiedenen Drücken. Der Vorgang kann mit der Fourier‐Differentialgleichung des Wärmetransportes beschrieben werden. Einfacher zu berechnen ist eine Diskretisierung des Sensorinneren in einzelne Ringelemente und Anwendung der finiten‐Elemente‐Methode unter Berücksichtigung der Randbedingungen. Die Ergebnisse liefern eine quantitative anschauliche Darstellung des radialen Temperaturprofils des Gases und seiner zeitlichen Entwicklung.
nanoTruck on Tour: Reise in den Nanokosmos. nanoTruck on Tour: A Journey to the Nanokosmos
Authors: Baron Waldemar , Fellenberg Ralf , Gleiche Michael 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Nanotechnologie als eine der wichtigsten Schlüsseltechnologien für die Zukunft gilt als Innovationsmotor für Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft. Nanotechnologie mit all ihren Facetten anschaulich zu vermitteln ist das Anliegen des nanoTruck. Die Aktion soll deutlich machen, dass Nanotechnologie über technologische Leistungsfähigkeit Wirtschaft und Beschäftigung in Deutschland voranbringt. Ziel ist es den Nutzen der Nanotechnologie für Menschen greifbar zu machen und somit qualifizierten Nachwuchs zu gewinnen. Damit neue Technologien zum Erfolg werden, ist es von großer Bedeutung, frühzeitig in der Öffentlichkeit, in Forschungseinrichtungen, in Schulen und in der Weiterbildung die Chancen und Potenziale der Nanotechnologie zu vermitteln. Die Initiative des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) „nanoTruck: Reise in den Nanokosmos – die Welt kleinster Dimensionen”︁ leistet dazu einen zentralen Beitrag.
Marked elevation of urinary 3‐hydroxydecanedioic acid in a malnourished infant with glycogen storage disease, mimicking long‐chainl‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Bergoffen J. , Kaplan P. , Hale D. E. , Bennett M. J. , Berry G. T. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryAn infant with glycogen storage disease and prolonged malnourishment showed a urinary organic acid profile during an episode of fasting hypoglycaemia with inappropriate hypoketotic dicarboxylic aciduria that was indistinguishable from that reported in long‐chainl‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Although there was a striking elevation of urinary 3‐hydroxydecanedioic acid, the ratios between hydroxydicarboxylic acids were consistent with values reported to be indicative of medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. We suspect that the fasting 3‐hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria was attributable to secondarily impaired enzyme activities, the consequence of malnutrition, early infancy, and/or glycogen storage disease. Caution is advised in the interpretation of urinary organic acid patterns that indicate a 3‐hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria, as well as an inapprorpiate hypoketotic dicarboxylic aciduria, as they may represent non‐specific findings.
Pollen Evidence of Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation on the Allegheny Plateau, Maryland
Authors: Maxwell Jean A. , Davis Margaret Bryan 
Published: December 2004

When the Wisconsin ice sheet stood at its maximum position, tundra vegetation bordered the ice sheet. In the eastern United States, tundra extended at least 300 km due south of the ice border at 2700 ft (800 m) elevation on the Allegheny plateau. Spruce and jack (and/or red) pine forest grew at lower elevations in Virginia. On the coastal plain, and farther south, in the piedmont of northern Georgia, jack pine dominated the forest vegetation over a large region.As the ice sheet receded, the vegetation underwent a series of changes. Coniferous forest was replaced by deciduous forest, beginning 13,600 B.P. in Georgia. The frequency of white pine began to increase in Virginia at about the same time, and the frequencies of deciduous trees, about 1000 yr later. On the Allegheny plateau, no change took place in the tundra vegetation until 12,700 B.P., when tundra was replaced by open, spruce woodland. Jack and/or red pine grew mixed with, or nearby, the spruce. Pollen from deciduous trees (mainly oak, ash, and hornbeam) reached the site in greater quantity than before. Possibly the increase indicates a change in prevailing wind direction.On the Allegheny plateau, 10,500 years ago, the boreal woodland was replaced by a mixed coniferus-deciduous forest which included white pine. At about the same time (or perhaps a thousand years later), a similar change occurred in Connecticut. At lower elevations in the Shenandoah Valley, spruce forests including white pine were replaced by oak and other hardwoods.In the early Holocene, at a time we unfortunately were not able to pinpoint by radiocarbon dating, deciduous forest began to grow on the Allegheny plateau. Later there was a series of changes in the composition of the forest. High frequencies of oak pollen occur throughout the sequence, with successive maxima of hemlock, beech, and finally, hickory. High percentages of chestnut pollen occur with a maximum approximately coincident with the maximum of beech. These changes are probably significant both from stratigraphic and paleoecologic points of view, and should be studied in greater detail at sites where radiocarbon dating will be possible. The early maximum of chestnut pollen is a major difference between the pollen sequence in the Alleghenies and southern and central New England, suggesting that this species was very slow to move northward, arriving in New England just 2000 B.P. as the result of migration, not climatic change.
Late-Wisconsin Vegetational Changes in Unglaciated Eastern North America
Authors: Whitehead Donald R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRecent pollen and macrofossil data from the Southeast is consistent with a displacement of boreal forest species by over 1000 km during full-glacial time. Data from west of the Appalachians suggests a displacement of some 600 km. Thus boreal forests were developed in a broad area south of the ice margin. Few deciduous forest elements persisted in that region. The displacement appears to have been azonal. There is good evidence to suggest a significant mid-Wisconsin interstadial (23,000-36,000 BP) characterized by a more temperate biota.
Faunal and Oxygen Isotopic Paleotemperatures and the Amplitude of Glacial/Interglacial Temperature Changes in the Equatorial Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hecht Alan D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe amplitude of glacial/interglacial temperature changes in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Equatorial Atlantic, and a generalized faunal paleotemperature curve for the Caribbean Sea for the last 125,000 yr have been determined by using a quantitative micropaleontological model. This model is based on a direct comparison of Pleistocene foraminiferal assemblages with Recent ones whose geographic distribution have been correlated with modern ocean surface temperatures. The results of such an analysis indicate a glacial/interglacial surface temperature variation of 5°C for the Caribbean Sen, 3–4°C for the Gulf of Mexico, and 5–6°C for equatorial waters off the west coast of Africa. Generalized paleotemperature curves derived from faunal and isotope data for the Caribbean indicate nearly identical temperature oscillations during the last 125,000 yr.
Identification of Dacitic Tephra by Activation Analysis of their Primary Mineral Phenocrysts
Authors: Dudas M.J. , Harward M.E. , Schmitt R.A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPrimary mineral phenocrysts from eight different late Quaternary pyroclastic deposits were fractionated for neutron-activation analysis with the purpose of characterizing each of the deposits on the basis of trace and minor element compositions. In hornblende separates, contents of several rare earth and transition elements were found to be distinctive for the Mazama, Glacier Peak, and several St. Helens deposits. In magnetites, abundances of transition elements are characteristic and serve as good discriminants for the pyroclastic deposits examined in this investigation. Contents of transition and rare earth elements in hyperthenes also appear useful in distinguishing volcanic ash deposits. Trace and minor element abundances in plagioclase phenocrysts did not appear adequate for identification of pyroclastics due to elemental depletion and similarity of contents for feldspar separates. It was found that contents of Sm and Yb in hornblende phenocrysts would serve to distinguish between several pyroclastic deposits from the Pacific Northwest.
Vegetation and Climate of the Southern Chilean lake District During and Since the last Interglaciation
Authors: Heusser Calvin J. 
Published: December 2004

The palynology of stratigraphic sections from road-cut and gravel-pit exposures and from a fen and sphagnum bogs in the southern part of the Chilean lake district (40° 53′ S, 72°37′ W-41°24′ S, 72°53′ W) is the basis for interpreting vegetation and climate during the last interglaciation and glaciation (named Llanquihue Glaciation) and during the post-glacial. To help interpretation, modern pollen rain was studied in relation to vegetation and altitude along a transect on the west slope of the Andes, and average January (summer) temperatures were interpreted. The upper limit of closed Andean forest, where wind is a determinant, appears to be close to the 12°C January isotherm; parkland in southern Chile does not exceed the January isotherm of 9°C.Grassland and later southern beech forest are evident during the interglaciation that is dated at more than 39,900 radiocarbon yr. Climate of the grassland was relatively dry; during the forest phase, it was wet, cool, and approximately the same as at present. During Llanquihue Glaciation, average January temperature is estimated to have been about 8°C colder than today at 19,450 BP, some 5° colder shortly before 36,300 BP, and around 4° colder at 10,000 BP. Antarctic-alpine tundra or parkland, under colder, drier climate, is mostly in evidence in the vicinity of the study sites before about 12,000 BP. During the postglacial, forest communities occupied the lake district, and temperatures there were probably 1–2°C above (by 6500 BP) and as much as 2° below (4500-0 BP) the present-day average of about 16°.This pattern of climatic changes finds accord, in general terms, in other parts of the Southern Hemisphere where palynological, chronological, and glacial geological studies are reported. Postulated as a cause of these changes are shifts in the intensity of air mass circulation in antarctic latitudes.
Lead-210 and Pollen Geochronologies on Lake Superior Sediments
Authors: Bruland Kenneth W. , Koide Minoru , Bowser Carl , Maher Louis J. , Goldberg Edward D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRates of sedimentation in two Lake Superior deposits were determined by both ragweed pollen and 210Pb geochronologies. The former yields an average rate over the time since the first appearance of enhanced concentrations of the pollen as a consequence of human settlement. Sedimentation rates derived on these two bases can be brought into accord if the first appearance of ragweed pollen in the sediments was around 1830 and if the sedimentation rates have been uniform over the past century.
Cryoplanation Terraces: Indicators of a Permafrost Environment
Authors: Reger Richard D. , Péwé Troy L. 
Published: December 2004

Cryoplanation terraces are bedrock steps or terraces on ridge crests and hilltops. The tread or “flat” area is 10 to several hundred meters wide and long and slopes from 1 to 5° parallel to the ridge crests. Terrace scarps may be from 1 to 75 m high. Terraces are cut into all bedrock types and are best developed on closely jointed, fine-grained bedrock. The scarps and treads are covered with frost-rived rubble 1 to 2 m thick. The rubble on treads is perennially frozen at a depth of 1 to 2 m or less on sharp but inactive terraces in Alaska.Cryoplanation terraces exist in many parts of the world in present or past periglacial environments. They occur chiefly in nonglaciated regions and near the general altitude of snowline. Cryoplanation terraces form by scarp retreat as the result of nivation. Surficial debris is removed across the terrace tread by mass-wasting. Terrace morphology depends mainly upon climate, bedrock type, and terrace orientation.No climatic data are available from active terraces. Indirect evidence indicates that climatic requirements include low snowfall and cold summer temperatures. Shallow permafrost is necessary to provide moisture and a base for mass movement as well as a base for nivation.Hundreds of sharp but inactive terraces occur in some areas in Alaska where the summer temperature is colder than 10°C. When these terraces were active, temperatures were colder. Recent work in Alaska indicates that terraces were active in some areas when the mean July temperature was about 4°C. The mean annual air temperature probably was in the neighborhood of -12°C or colder.
Late-Cenozoic Magnetostratigraphy Comparisons with Bio-, Climato-, and Lithozones
Authors: Kukla G. , Nakagawa H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA workshop conference entitled “Late Cenozoic Magnetostratigraphy: Comparisons with Bio-, Climato-, and Lithozones” took place in Tokyo and Otsu, Japan, between October 28 and November 1, 1974. It was organized by G. J. Kukla and H. Nakagawa as an outcome of the PA-70-17 Project of the International Geological Correlation Programme, launched in 1970 by the International Union of Geological Sciences. The workshop was supported by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, by IGCP, and the National Science Foundation (of the United States). Out of 70 participating geophysicists, geologists, and paleontologists, 37 attended in person, while the remaining 33 contributed by mail. Prior to the conference a questionnaire was distributed in order to collect opinions on several issues. The workshop's objective was to tackle problems in the recognition of depositional polarity and to review the relationship of magneto-stratigraphic units with radiometric data and with regional bio-, litho-, and climatostratigraphic systems of the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The principal conclusions of the conference were summarized as follows:(1) The only practical (though not infallible) way of demonstrating the validity of interpreted depositional polarity and magnetostratigraphic zonation is to reproduce the results in parallel, widely separated sections with different lithology and sedimentation rates.(2) The hazard of unrecognized postdepositional normal overprints must be recognized and considered in all attempted correlations. Multiple sampling of parallel sections and consistency checks of magnetic data are a prerequisite for correct results.(3) Continuous sequences with high sedimentation rates, such as those which originated in subsiding basins, are viewed as prospective candidates for international stratotypes of the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The investigation of such deposits should be accelerated.(4) Magnetostratigraphy must follow basic stratigraphic principles. Magnetic zones should be clearly defined and locally labeled, whether or not their correlation with paleomagnetic chronology appears possible.(5) Improved data on absolute age of reversals are needed. For that purpose, multiple K/Ar and fission-track analyses of key volcanic layers should be performed on a continuing basis.
Late Wisconsinan Glaciation Models of Northern Maine and Adjacent Canada
Authors: Genes Andrew N. , Newman William A. , Brewer Thomas B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSurficial stratigraphic units of Aroostook County, Maine, have been mapped and formal stratigraphic names for these units are proposed. Evidence exists for at least two distinct glacial phases which are represented by three tills. Two of these tills were deposited penecontemporaneously either as the result of coalescing ice sheets or as the result of the thermal regime existing within a single ice sheet. The oldest till is named the St. Francis and is correlated with the Chaudière Till of southeastern Quebec. The other tills are named the Mars Hill and Van Buren tills, respectively, and are correlated with the Lennoxville till of southeastern Quebec. Interbedded stratified sediments associated with the St. Francis till are correlated with the Gayhurst Formation. Stratified sediments associated with Van Buren and Mars Hill tills are correlated with post Lennoxville sediments of Quebec. Granite-gneiss erratics of Canadian Shield provenance in the Van Buren till indicate advance of the Laurentide ice into northern Maine during late Wisconsinan time. Moraines in southern Aroostook County with associated outwash and eskers record general recession from coastal Maine. Recession occurred after the formation of the Pineo Ridge moraine in Maine and the St. Antonin-Highland Front moraine complex in Quebec. The Caribou-Winterville moraine complex in northern Maine marks the boundary between the penecontemporaneously deposited Van Buren and Mars Hill surface tills and is correlated with the Grand Falls moraine at Grand Falls, New Brunswick.