bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily neuroplastin adhesion molecules in adult and developing mouse cerebellum and their localisation to parasagittal stripes
Authors: Marzban Hassan , Khanzada Umme , Shabir Saima , Hawkes Richard , Langnaese Kristina , Smalla Karl‐Heinz , Bockers Tobias M. , Gundelfinger Eckart D. , Gordon‐Weeks Phillip R. , Beesley Philip W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNeuroplastin (np) 55 and 65 are immunoglobulin superfamily members that arise by alternative splicing of the same gene and have been implicated in long‐term activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity. Both biochemical and immunocytochemical data suggest that np55 is the predominant isoform (>95% of total neuroplastin) in cerebellum. Neuroplastin immunoreactivity is concentrated in the molecular layer and synaptic glomeruli in the granule cell layer. Expression in the molecular layer appears to be postsynaptic. First, neuroplastin is associated with Purkinje cell dendrites in two mouse granuloprival cerebellar mutants, disabled and cerebellar deficient folia. Second, in an acid sphingomyelinase knockout mouse with widespread protein trafficking defects, neuroplastin accumulates in the Purkinje cell somata. Finally, primary cerebellar cultures show neuroplastin expression in Purkinje cell dendrites and somata lacking normal histotypic organization and synaptic connections, and high‐magnification views indicate a preferential association with dendritic spines. In the molecular layer, differences in neuroplastin expression levels present as a parasagittal array of stripes that alternates with that revealed by the expression of another compartmentation antigen, zebrin II/aldolase c. Neuroplastin immunoreactivity is first detected weakly at postnatal day 3 (P3) in the anterior lobe vermis. By P5, parasagittal stripes are already apparent in the immature molecular layer. At this stage, punctate deposits are also localised at the perimeter of the Purkinje cell perikarya; these are no longer detected by P15. The data suggest a role for neuroplastins in the development and maintenance of normal synaptic connections in the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:286–301, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fiber connections of the torus longitudinalis and optic tectum in holocentrid teleosts
Authors: Xue Hao‐Gang , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Yang Chun‐Ying , Kerem Gulnisa , Yoshimoto Masami , Imura Kosuke , Ito Hironobu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFiber connections of the torus longitudinalis (TL) and target(s) of toral recipient tectal neurons (pyramidal cells) in the optic tectum were examined by tract‐tracing methods in holocentrids. Injections into the stratum marginale (SM) labeled neurons in the stratum opticum and stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS). They had superficial spiny dendrites, with a fan‐shaped branching pattern in SM and a thick basal dendrite that gave rise to bushy horizontal branches at the boundary between the SFGS and the stratum griseum centrale (SGC), where an axon and a thin dendrite arose. The axon terminated in a middle cellular layer of the SGC, and the thin dendrite ramified slightly deeper to this cellular layer. The SM injections also labeled cells in the ipsilateral TL. Injections into either the lateral or the medial part of TL labeled terminals in the ipsilateral SM and neurons in the bilateral nucleus paracommissuralis (NPC) and nucleus subvalvularis and ipsilateral nucleus subeminentialis. Only medial TL injections labeled cells in the ipsilateral SGC. These neurons had a basal dendrite that branched in the middle cellular layer of SGC, suggesting that they receive inputs from the pyramidal cells and project back to the TL to form a closed circuit. Only lateral TL injections labeled terminals in the corpus cerebelli. A visual telencephalic portion projects to the NPC and sublayers of SGC, where dendrites of the pyramidal cells and SGC neurons ramify. The present results therefore suggest that the TL and SM are components of an intricate circuitry that exerts telencephalic descending visual influence on the optic tectum and corpus cerebelli. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:194–212, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental enrichment: Effects on stereotyped behavior and dendritic morphology
Authors: Turner Cortney A. , Lewis Mark H. , King Michael A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe evaluated whether environmental enrichment‐related effects on the development of stereotyped behavior in deer mice were associated with alterations in dendritic morphology. Deer mice were reared under enriched or standard housing conditions and then tested in automated photocell detectors and classified as stereotypic or nonstereotypic. Dendritic morphology was assessed in layer V pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex, medium spiny neurons of the dorsolateral striatum, and granule cells of the dentate gyrus using Golgi‐Cox histochemistry. Enriched nonstereotypic mice exhibited significantly higher dendritic spine densities in the motor cortex and the striatum than enriched stereotypic or standard‐cage mice. Significant increases in dendritic arborization following environmental enrichment also were observed. These results suggest that the enrichment‐related prevention of stereotyped behavior is associated with increased dendritic spine density. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 20–27, 2003.
Influence of conjugated linoleic acids on body composition and selected serum and endocrine parameters in resistance‐trained athletes
Authors: von Loeffelholz Christian , Kratzsch Jürgen , Jahreis Gerhard 
Published: June 2003

AbstractConjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are believed to influence body composition, blood lipids and certain endocrine parameters in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a six months dietary supplementation of 7 g CLA‐oil (containing 54% CLA) daily in two groups of male and female resistance‐trained athletes who were at a different training stage. The volunteers were matched according to their previous training: 7 beginners (3♀/4♂) and 7 advanced athletes (2♀/5♂). During the intervention period they performed a standardized training routine three times per week. Blood samples were taken and body mass index, body composition (bioelectrical impedance assessment) and nutrient intake (7‐day food record) were recorded at baseline as well as during and following dietary supplementationResults: Serum lipid concentrations, serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor and IGF‐I levels or body composition were similar in the two categories of athletes after CLA supplementation. However, despite a higher energy intake, a significant reduction of body fat (P <0.05) was observed and both groups tended to increase their body cell mass (not significant). Total body water increased in the novice athletes (P <0.05). Furthermore, total cholesterol (P = 0.049) increased over baseline levels in the novice athletes. These levels remained within the physiological range. In all athletes there was a significant correlation between percentage body fat and leptin (baseline: r2 = 0.46, P = 0.01, CLA: r2 = 0.49, P = 0.011), as well as between fat mass and serum leptin levels (baseline: r2 = 0.35, P = 0.033, CLA: r2 = 0.60, P = 0.002).Conclusions: Over a period of six months no differences were observed in the effects of a commercial CLA‐triacylglyceride (54% CLA, 7g/d) on selected endocrine parameters, blood lipids, food intake and body composition between advanced and novice resistance‐trained athletes who take part in a regular training program.
Effect of simple olive biophenols and analogues on the thermotropic behavior of biological model membranes
Authors: Castelli Francesco , Carusoa Sebastiana , Uccella Nicola 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSome foods, in particular fruits and vegetables, are known to have protective effects against cardiovascular disease and cancer. This is believed to be due to the presence of antioxidant substances such as hydroxyaromatic compounds present in these foods. We investigated the effect exerted by protochatechuic and benzoic acid, simple biophenols (BPs) present in olive oils, and their substitute analogues, veratric and xylylic acids, on the thermotropic behavior of model membranes (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)DSC analysis was carried out at two different pHs (4.0 and 7.4). The acids, when dispersed in liposomes during their preparation, were found to modify the gel to liquidcrystal phase transition of the lipid vesicles at pH 4, causing a temperature shift towards lower values and a variation in enthalpy changes. The magnitude of the temperature shift and enthalpy change was a function of the concentration of BP in the lipid dispersions and their lipophilic character. The examined compounds were unable to appreciably modify the thermotropic behavior of the liposomes at pH 7.4 suggesting that the interactions and their absorption are highly influenced by the lipophilic character induced by structural factors and by the polarity of the acidic group.
Fluorescence screening of antioxidant capacity in pumpkin seed oils and other natural oils
Authors: Fruhwirth Gilbert Otto , Wenzl Thomas , El‐Toukhy Rosemarie , Wagner Franz Siegfried , Hermetter Albin 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPlant oils provide a rich source of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and mostly lipophilic antioxidants. PUFAs are both in their free form and as components of glycerolipids preferred targets of free radical‐induced oxidation, leading to the formation of highly atherogenic compounds. Thus, stabilization of polyunsaturated lipids by radical scavengers in the oils is important in order to avoid pathophysiological side effects of these essential components of our diet. To determine lipid oxidizability and its inhibition by endogenous antioxidants, we developed a simple fluorescence technique. It is based on solubilisation of the oils in aqueous buffer, labeling of the resulting emulsions with a suitable reporter fluorophore, which reflects lipid oxidation, and continuous monitoring of the decomposition process. Using this method, we found that oxidizability of the oils depended only to a limited extent on the content of lipophilic antioxidants. In addition, a smaller fraction of polar (phenolic) compounds showed comparable protective effects, especially in pumpkin seed oil, which is a non‐refined product therefore containing antioxidative components that are removed from most other edible oils during processing. Therefore, the contribution of these “minor” compounds has to be taken into account when potential biological effects of plant oils are evaluated.
Production of alkenyl succinic anhydrides from low‐erucic and low‐linolenic rapeseed oil methyl esters
Authors: Quesada Joaquín 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFatty acid methyl esters from low‐erucic and low‐linolenic rapeseed oil were used to produce alkenyl succinic anhydrides. A second‐order Doehlert uniform network design was used to investigate the influence of the reaction temperature and the molar ratio between the maleic anhydride and the main unsaturated rapeseed oil methyl esters on the yield of alkenyl succinic anhydride from methyl oleate. Further subjects of investigation were the conversion of methyl oleate, the formation of side reaction products, the Gardner color of the product and its viscosity, and finally the content of maleic anhydride remaining in the medium after the reaction. Alkenyl succinic anhydride from methyl oleate was isolated by column chromatography and analyzed by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR and MS. The optimal reaction conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of alkenyl succinic anhydride from methyl oleate in the experimental domain (80%) were 210‐220 °C and a maleic anhydride/rapeseed oil methyl ester molar ratio of 1.5. However, the products synthesized in these conditions showed a high degree of viscosity (0.45 kg m−1 s−1), a very dark color (18 Gardner color) and a high content of undesirable side products (6%), which could hinder their industrial use. A molar ratio of less than 1.5 led to a clearer and less viscous product, although with a lower alkenyl succinic anhydride content.
Reduced order state‐space models from the pulse responses of a linearized CFD scheme
Authors: Gaitonde Ann L. , Jones D. P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a method for obtaining a time continuous reduced order model (ROM) from a system of time continuous linear differential equations. These equations are first put into a time discrete form using a finite difference approximation. The unit sample responses of the discrete system are calculated for each system input and these provide the Markov parameters of the system. An eigenvalue realization algorithm (ERA) is used to construct a discrete ROM. This ROM is then used to obtain a continuous ROM of the original continuous system. The focus of this paper is on the application of this method to the calculation of unsteady flows using the linearized Euler equations on moving meshes for aerofoils undergoing heave or linearized pitch motions. Applying a standard cell‐centre spatial discretization and taking account of mesh movement a continuous system of differential equations is obtained which are continuous in time. These are put into discrete time form using an implicit finite difference approximation. Results are presented demonstrating the efficiency of the system reduction method for this system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐scale domain decomposition method for computing the flow through a porous layer limited by a perforated plate
Authors: Dufrêche J. , Prat M. , Schmitz P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA two‐scale domain decomposition method is developed in order to study situations where the macroscopic description of a given transport process in porous media does not represent a sufficiently good approximation near singularities (holes, wells, etc.). The method is based on a decomposition domain technique with overlapping. The governing equations at the scale of the microstructure are solved in the vicinity of the singularities whereas the volume averaged transport equations are solved at some distance of the singularities. The transfer of information from one domain to the other is performed using results of the method of volume averaging. The method is illustrated through the computation of the overall permeability of a porous layer limited by a perforated plate. As shown in the example treated, the method allows one to estimate the useful size of the microscopic region near the singularities. As illustrated in the paper, the method can lead to a considerable gain in memory requirement compared to a full direct simulation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermogravimetry/Mass Spectrometry Investigations on the Formation of Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells on the Basis of Heat‐Treated Iron Phenanthroline Complexes
Authors: Bron M. , Fiechter S. , Bogdanoff P. , Tributsch H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOxygen reduction catalysts for PEM fuel cells on the basis of carbon supported, heat‐treated iron phenanthroline complexes have been investigated with rotating disc‐electrode (RDE) measurements and with thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TG/MS). It has been found, that the slope of the Koutecky–Levich plot from RDE measurements changes with electrode potential and with catalyst loading of the electrode. The results can be understood in terms of a two times 2‐electron reduction of oxygen at the iron‐based catalysts. TG/MS indicate, that during the heat‐treatment step the phenathroline molecule of the catalyst precursor is completely embedded into the carbon. The results are discussed in terms of the structure of the active centre of these catalysts.
Electrooxidation of Carbon Monoxide at Ruthenium–Modified Platinum Nano‐particles: Evidence for CO Surface Mobility
Authors: Maillard F. , Gloaguen F. , Hahn F. , Léger J.‐M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRu‐modified Pt nanoparticle surfaces were prepared using Ru electrochemical or spontaneous deposition on commercial‐grade carbon‐supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt‐Vulcan XC72, E‐TEK). Evidence for CO mobility was provided by cyclic voltammetry and FTIR reflectance spectroscopy experiments in weakly specifically adsorbing electrolyte such as 0.1 M HClO4. Since the diffusion of CO is slow, a “two peak” voltammetric behavior was observed for 0 < θRu < 10%. A further increase in Ru coverage leads to the observation of only one CO oxidation peak at a potential ca. 150 mV less positive. FTIR reflectance spectra recorded on Ru‐modified Pt nanoparticles show a band located around 2000–2020 cm–1, which is attributed to adsorbed CO on Ru sites. Exchange between CO species adsorbed on Ru and Pt sites was also observed along with a complete oxidation of a pre‐adsorbed CO monolayer at a potential relevant for DMFC applications. These results confirm that the formation of a PtRu alloy is not a pre‐requisite for obtaining CO‐tolerant electrocatalysts.
Characterization of Fe–Cr Alloys for Reduced Operation Temperature SOFCs
Authors: Horita T. , Xiong Y. , Yamaji K. , Sakai N. , Yokokawa H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractChemical stability of ferritic (Fe–Cr) alloy interconnect material was examined under anode gas atmospheres for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In H2–H2O and CH4–H2O atmospheres, oxide scale layers were formed on the alloy surface. The surface morphology of the alloy was varied with forming oxide scales at 1073 K for an extended annealing time. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was applied to analyze the distribution of major and minor elements as a function of depth. From surface to inner alloy, the following distribution was identified: Mn, Fe rich → Cr rich → Si rich → alloy bulk and Al2O3 inner oxides. The parabolic growth rate constants of oxide scales (kp) were calculated for each atmosphere as follows: 3.76 × 10–6 μm2s–1 for H2–H2O and 5.23  × 10–6 μm2s–1 for CH4–H2O. The growth rate constants were similar between these two atmospheres.
New Cathode Materials for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
Authors: Wijayasinghe A. , Lagergren C. , Bergman B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDevelopment of alternative cathode materials, has been a main strategy for solving the cathode dissolution problem of the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC). Ternary compositions of LiFeO2, LiCoO2 and NiO are expected to combine some desirable properties of each component. Preliminary studies on LiFeO2‐LiCoO2‐NiO ternary compositions have shown promising characteristics for the MCFC cathode application. The aim of the present work was to develop these materials further by exploring the ternary system. It was carried out by investigating electronic conductivity and microstructure of the ternary materials and evaluating their electrochemical performance in a laboratory‐scale fuel cell. Ternary materials of two sub‐systems were investigated and the study reveals the ability of improving electrical conductivity of these ternary compositions by controlling the LiCoO2 content. The appropriate dual pore structure for a proper cathode operation could also be achieved on sintered cathodes by introducing plastic poreformers in the cathode preparation process. Electrochemical performance study of selected cathodes in the laboratory fuel cell showed promising results. The cathode prepared with 20 mole% LiCoO2 in the ternary sub‐system with LiFeO2:NiO = 25:75, resulted in an iR‐corrected polarization of 62 mV and an iR‐drop of 46 mV at a current density of 160 mAcm–2 at 650 °C.
Analysis of colorectal tumor progression by microdissection and comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Alcock Helen E. , Stephenson Timothy J. , Royds Janice A. , Hammond David W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis investigation aimed to identify patterns of copy number change in colorectal tumor progression from adenoma to liver metastasis. Fifty‐three microdissected sub‐regions from 17 cases of colorectal cancer were assigned to one of six histopathologically defined categories: coexisting adenoma, tumor above the muscularis layer, tumor within the muscularis layer, tumor extending through the bowel wall to serosal fat, lymph node metastasis, and liver metastasis. Microdissected samples were treated by a microwave processing step and then used as templates for universal PCR amplification. PCR products were fluorophore labeled and subjected to comparative genomic hybridization. Copy number changes were found in all samples, and every chromosome arm (excluding acrocentric short arms) was affected. More losses than gains were detected, but there were no significant differences between the numbers of changes seen in each category. Each individual sample revealed unique changes, additional to those shared within each case. The most frequently observed gains were of X and 12q. The most common losses were of 8p, 16p, 9p, 15q, 18q, and 10q. Nominally significant associations were observed between metastatic tumor and loss of 12q24.1 or 10p13–14, non‐metastatic tumor and loss of 8q24.1, tumor extending to serosal fat and loss of 6q24–25 or gain of 4q11–13, tumor extending to serosal fat and metastatic lesions and loss of 4q32–34 or 22q11–12, and adenoma and loss of 15q24. Loss of 4q32–34 remained highly significant after correction for multiple testing. Adenoma was the only category not to show loss of 17p. These data reveal a genetically heterogeneous picture of tumor progression, with a small number of changes associated with advanced disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A recurrent chromosome translocation breakpoint in breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines targets the neuregulin/NRG1 gene
Authors: Adélaïde José , Huang Huai‐En , Murati Anne , Alsop Amber E. , Orsetti Béatrice , Mozziconacci Marie‐Joëlle , Popovici Cornel , Ginestier Christophe , Letessier Anne , Basset Céline , Courtay‐Cahen Céline , Jacquemier Jocelyne , Theillet Charles , Birnbaum Daniel , Edwards Paul A.W. , Chaffanet Max 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe 8p11–21 region is a frequent target of alterations in breast cancer and other carcinomas. We surveyed 34 breast tumor cell lines and 9 pancreatic cancer cell lines for alterations of this region by use of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH) and BAC‐specific FISH. We describe a recurrent chromosome translocation breakpoint that targets the NRG1 gene on 8p12. NRG1 encodes growth factors of the neuregulin/heregulin‐1 family that are ligands for tyrosine kinase receptors of the ERBB family. Breakpoints within the NRG1 gene were found in four of the breast tumor cell lines: ZR‐75‐1, in a dic(8;11); HCC1937, in a t(8;10)(p12;p12.1); SUM‐52, in an hsr(8)(p12); UACC‐812, in a t(3;8); and in two of the pancreatic cancer cell lines: PaTu I, in a der(8)t(4;8); and SUIT‐2, in a del(8)(p). Mapping by two‐color FISH showed that the breaks were scattered over 1.1 Mb within the NRG1 gene. It is already known that the MDA‐MB‐175 breast tumor cell line has a dic(8;11), with a breakpoint in NRG1 that fuses NRG1 to the DOC4 gene on 11q13. Thus, we have found a total of seven breakpoints, in two types of cancer cell lines, that target the NRG1 gene. This suggests that the NRG1 locus is a recurring target of translocations in carcinomas. PCR analysis of reverse‐transcribed cell line RNAs revealed an extensive complexity of the NRG1 transcripts but failed to detect a consistent pattern of mRNA isoforms in the cell lines with NRG1 breakpoint. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.