bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GA‐based feature selection method for oversized data analysis in digital economy
Authors: Lv Yao , Liu Peng , Wang Juan , Zhang Yao , Slowik Adam , Lv Jianhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the promotion and development of oversized data technology, many data analysis platforms based on super large data storage and computing frameworks have emerged in the industry. While the platforms with oversized economic data analysis combined with machine learning models are still relatively lacking. And oversized data also brings a new problem, that is the security of economic development. It is an important and difficult task to analyse and detect risks from oversized economic data. Based on machine learning, data analysis, economic market and other multidisciplinary fields, this paper proposes a machine learning method, which is a genetic algorithm (GA) based feature selection method: FSGA. This method abstracts every possible feature selection result into an individual in GA, generates a population through genetic operation, and measures the merits of the individual through fitness. In addition, this paper has conducted multitudinous simulation experiments on the GA‐based FSGA method and the traditional LSTM data analysis method respectively. The accuracy rate and other indicators are obtained by comparing the training. The experimental results show that the GA‐based FSGA machine learning method has higher prediction accuracy when analysing oversized economic data. And it is practical to accelerate the development of digital economy.
Strategic coupling, cross‐scalar tension and local upgrading in the globalizing automotive industry in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Liu Yi , Yeung Godfrey , Zhang Yifan , Huang Kaixuan , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Yingtiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines how latecomer firms manage to achieve industrial upgrading through strategic coupling with global lead firms in automotive production networks. Drawing upon the example of the Guangzhou Automotive Corporation in southern China, this paper theorizes ‘cross‐scalar tension’ as a key factor to explain why the four cases of strategic coupling between lead firms, the same domestic firm and state ended in different results, from decoupling to a sustainable coupling with local upgrading. This paper contributes to the pertinent literature by demonstrating that cross‐scalar tension is inherent to the nature of global production networks, and unreconciled tension concerning different corporate strategies on technological transfer, localization and product development could lead to decoupling. Importantly, good coordination and matching on corporate strategies between lead and domestic firms could relieve cross‐scalar tensions, thus fostering local industrial upgrading and sustainable strategic coupling.
Effectiveness of intensive adherence counselling in achieving an undetectable viral load among people on antiretroviral therapy with low‐level viraemia in Uganda
Authors: Nanyeenya Nicholus , Nakanjako Damalie , Makumbi Fredrick , Nakigozi Gertrude , Nalugoda Fred , Kigozi Godfrey , Nasuuna Esther , Kibira Simon P. S. , Nabadda Susan , Kiyaga Charles , Huzaifah Mutyaba , Kiwanuka Noah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionUganda was using a threshold of 1000 copies/mL to determine viral non‐suppression for antiretroviral therapy monitoring among people living with HIV, prior to this study. It was not clear whether people living with HIV with low‐level viraemia (LLV, ≥50 to <1000 copies/mL) would benefit from intensive adherence counselling (IAC). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of IAC among people living with HIV, receiving antiretroviral therapy, and with LLV in Uganda, to guide key policy decisions in HIV care, including the review of the viral load (VL) testing algorithm.MethodsThis cluster‐randomized clinical trial comprised adults from eight HIV clinics who were living with HIV, receiving ART, and had recent VL results indicating LLV (tested from July 2022 to October 2022). Participants in the intervention arm clinics received three once‐monthly sessions of IAC, and those in the comparison non‐intervention arm clinics received the standard of care. At the end of the study, all participants were re‐tested for VL to determine the proportions of those who then had an undetectable VL (<50 copies/mL). We assessed the statistical association between cross‐tabulated variables using Fisher's exact test and then modified Poisson regression.ResultsA total of 136 participants were enrolled into the study at eight HIV clinics. All 68 participants in the intervention arm completed all IAC sessions. Only one participant in the non‐intervention arm was lost to follow‐up. The average follow‐up time was 3.7 months (standard deviation [SD] 0.2) and 3.5 months (SD 0.1) in the intervention and non‐intervention arms, respectively.In total, 59 (43.7%) of 135 people living with HIV achieved an undetectable VL during the study follow‐up period. The effect of IAC on attaining an undetectable VL among people with LLV was nearly twice as high in the intervention arm (57.4%) than in the non‐intervention arm (29.9%): adjusted risk ratio 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.0–3.5),p = 0.037.ConclusionIAC doubled the likelihood of an undetectable VL among people living with HIV with LLV. Therefore, IAC has been instituted as an intervention to manage people living with HIV with LLV in Uganda, and this should also be adopted in other Sub‐Saharan African countries with similar settings.ClinicalTrials.Gov IdentifierNCT05514418.
INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND DIFFUSION IN MARKETS
Authors: Atayev Atabek , Janssen Maarten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConsumers acquire information through their own search efforts or through word‐of‐mouth communication within their social network. Information diffusion leads to free‐riding and less active search. Free‐riding consumers also create important positive externalities, however, as they are more likely to compare prices, imposing competitive pressure on firms. We show how market prices depend on network characteristics and search cost. For example, if search cost becomes small, price dispersion disappears, while prices converge to the monopoly level, with expected prices decreasing for small search cost. Prices are lower in societies with more connections, while price dispersion remains even in fully connected societies.
Quay partitioning problem
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jakub , Drozdowski Maciej , Sanlaville Éric , Pigné Yoann , Guinand Frederic 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the quay partitioning problem (QPP), that is, a problem of partitioning quay length into berths for minimum ship waiting time. Such a problem arises when designing the terminal layout. Two schemes of quay layout are considered: with at most one ship in a berth and with at most two ships in a berth. Ship arrival times, service times, lengths, and weights are given. We show that QPP isNP‐hard. The two versions of QPP are formulated as mixed integer linear programs (MIPs). Scalability of solving QPPs as MIPs is studied. We investigate, analytically and in computational experiments, features of the QPP solutions such as (i) changes in solution quality when one long berth length is used versus choosing various berth lengths flexibly, (ii) what lengths of berths are chosen when ship lengths mixture is changing, (iii) what is the impact of congestion on the chosen berth lengths, and (iv) how much is one quay layout scheme better than the other.
Suicide Risk Prediction: A New Approach*
Authors: Greist John H. , Gustafson David H. , Stauss Fred F. , Rowse Glen L. , Laughren Thomas P. , Chiles John A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA computer program that collects suicide risk factors by computer interview from persons with thoughts of suicide and processes the data to provide risk predictions has been written and pilot tested. Patient acceptance of the interviewing technique was good; more than half of the patients interviewed preferred the computer to a doctor as an interviewer. Bayes Theorem is used to process the data collected against a subjective data base. In a retrospective study comparing risk predictions made by the computer with predictions by experienced clinicians, the computer was more accurate in predicting suicide attempters (p .01) and slightly less accurate in predicting nonattempters. The program is economical, can be used wherever a telephone and a computer terminal are available, and is readily and uniformly modified to include new data.
Psychological and social outcomes of befriending interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Brand Fiona , Scior Katrina , Loewenberger Alana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBefriending is an intervention intended to provide companionship and support to socially isolated populations. This review aimed to understand the key characteristics and psychological and social outcomes of befriending interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodsSystematic searches of electronic databases (PsycINFO, MedLine and Web of Science) identified 11 studies for inclusion. A narrative synthesis of the findings was completed, along with critical appraisal of study quality.ResultsIncreased community participation, positive changes to social networks and mood were frequently reported outcomes for befriendees. Increased knowledge, new experiences and opportunities to ‘give back’ were most reported for befrienders.ConclusionsThe review highlighted that existing research in this field is limited in scope and methodologically diverse. Future research should focus upon the effectiveness and long‐term impact of befriending interventions, understanding the mechanisms of change, and eliciting the views of people with intellectual disabilities on their experiences.
Happy Little Vegemites™! An analysis of the contribution of yeast extract spreads and tomato‐based sauces to nutrient intake adequacy in Australia
Authors: Whatnall Megan , Clarke Erin D. , Bucher Tamara , Collins Clare E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundYeast extract spreads and tomato‐based sauces (i.e., ketchup) are consumed regularly by the Australian population. Therefore, there is a need to explore the contribution of these condiments to nutrient intakes among Australians.MethodsThe present study comprises a secondary analysis of data from the 2011–2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake data were undertaken for 12,153 Australians aged ≥ 2 years, using 24‐h recalls. Yeast extract spreads and tomato‐based sauces were categorised based on how they were defined in the Australian Food and Nutrient (AUSNUT) 2011–2013 database. Kruskal–Wallis H tests and the post‐hoc Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction were applied to test whether a significant difference existed in the percentage contribution of yeast extract spreads and tomato‐based sauces to intakes of select nutrients.ResultsIn total, 19.6% (n = 2384) of the population sample consumed yeast extract spreads and/or tomato‐based sauces during the 24‐h recall. The percentage contribution of yeast extract spreads to daily intakes of sodium, potassium, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, magnesium, iron, zinc and iodine were significantly higher in line with a greater quantity of yeast extract spread consumed (p < 0.05). The percentage contribution of tomato‐based sauces to daily intakes of sodium, potassium, riboflavin, niacin, folate, beta‐carotene, magnesium, iron, zinc and iodine was increased significantly with a greater quantity of tomato‐based sauces consumed (p < 0.05).ConclusionsConsumption of yeast extracts and tomato‐based sauces contribute to greater intake of key nutrients, such as B‐vitamins and beta‐carotene, and may assist in meeting key nutrient reference values. However, consumption of these sauces and condiments also resulted in greater intakes of sodium, contributing to population intakes exceeding recommendations. Reducing sodium content of frequently consumed condiments may potentially assist in lowering population intakes, at the same time as preserving intakes of other important nutrients.
PrP meets alpha‐synuclein: Molecular mechanisms and implications for disease
Authors: Vieira Tuane C. R. G. , Barros Caroline A. , Domingues Renato , Outeiro Tiago Fleming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe discovery of prions has challenged dogmas and has revolutionized our understanding of protein‐misfolding diseases. The concept of self‐propagation via protein conformational changes, originally discovered for the prion protein (PrP), also applies to other proteins that exhibit similar behavior, such as alpha‐synuclein (aSyn), a central player in Parkinson's disease and in other synucleinopathies. aSyn pathology appears to spread from one cell to another during disease progression, and involves the misfolding and aggregation of aSyn. How the transfer of aSyn between cells occurs is still being studied, but one important hypothesis involves receptor‐mediated transport. Interestingly, recent studies indicate that the cellular prion protein (PrPC) may play a crucial role in this process. PrPC has been shown to act as a receptor/sensor for protein aggregates in different neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the interaction between aSyn and PrPC and discuss its role in synucleinopathies. We examine the properties of PrP and aSyn, including their structure, function, and aggregation. Additionally, we discuss the current understanding of PrPC's role as a receptor/sensor for aSyn aggregates and identify remaining unanswered questions in this area of research. Ultimately, we posit that exploring the interaction between aSyn and PrPC may offer potential treatment options for synucleinopathies.image
An evolutionarily distinct ringed seal in the Ilulissat Icefjord
Authors: Rosing‐Asvid Aqqalu , Löytynoja Ari , Momigliano Paolo , Hansen Rikke Guldborg , Scharff‐Olsen Camilla Hjorth , Valtonen Mia , Kammonen Juhana , Dietz Rune , Rigét Frank Farsø , Ferguson Steve H. , Lydersen Christian , Kovacs Kit M. , Holland David M. , Jernvall Jukka , Auvinen Petri , Tange Olsen Morten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Earth's polar regions are low rates of inter‐ and intraspecific diversification. An extreme mammalian example is the Arctic ringed seal (Pusa hispida hispida), which is assumed to be panmictic across its circumpolar Arctic range. Yet, local Inuit communities in Greenland and Canada recognize several regional variants; a finding supported by scientific studies of body size variation. It is however unclear whether this phenotypic variation reflects plasticity, morphs or distinct ecotypes. Here, we combine genomic, biologging and survey data, to document the existence of a unique ringed seal ecotype in the Ilulissat Icefjord (locally ‘Kangia’), Greenland; a UNESCO World Heritage site, which is home to the most productive marine‐terminating glacier in the Arctic. Genomic analyses reveal a divergence of Kangia ringed seals from other Arctic ringed seals about 240 kya, followed by secondary contact since the Last Glacial Maximum. Despite ongoing gene flow, multiple genomic regions appear under strong selection in Kangia ringed seals, including candidate genes associated with pelage coloration, growth and osmoregulation, potentially explaining the Kangia seal's phenotypic and behavioural uniqueness. The description of ‘hidden’ diversity and adaptations in yet another Arctic species merits a reassessment of the evolutionary processes that have shaped Arctic diversity and the traditional view of this region as an evolutionary freezer. Our study highlights the value of indigenous knowledge in guiding science and calls for efforts to identify distinct populations or ecotypes to understand how these might respond differently to environmental change.
The effects of acute exercise and a nap on heart rate variability and memory in young sedentary adults
Authors: Mograss Melodee , Frimpong Emmanuel , Vilcourt Franck , Chouchou Florian , Zvionow Tehila , Dang‐Vu Thien Thanh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system can contribute to memory consolidation during sleep. Whether fluctuations in cardiac autonomic activity during sleep following physical exercise contribute to the process of memory consolidation has not been studied. We assessed the effects of a non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) nap following acute exercise on cardiac autonomic regulation assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to examine if HRV influences memory processes. Fifty‐six (59% female) healthy young adults (23.14 ± 3.74 years) were randomly allocated to either the exercise plus nap (ExNap, n = 27) or nap alone (NoExNap, n = 29) groups. The ExNap group performed a 40‐minute moderate‐intensity cycling, while the NoExNap group was sedentary prior to learning 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants underwent a 60‐minute NREM nap while measuring EKG, followed by a visual recognition test. Our results indicated that heart rate did not significantly differ between the groups (p = .243), whereas vagally mediated HRV indices were lower in the ExNap group compared to the NoExNap group (p < .05). There were no significant differences in sleep variables between the groups (p > .05). Recognition accuracy was significantly higher in the ExNap group than in the NoExNap group (p = .027). In addition, the recognition accuracy of the ExNap group was negatively associated with vagally mediated HRV (p < .05). Pre‐nap acute exercise appears to attenuate parasympathetic activity and to alter the relationship between memory and cardiac autonomic activity.
Local lobbying in single‐party authoritarian systems: Do institutions matter?
Authors: Wang Hua , Duckett Jane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLobbying, and its role in the policy process, has been extensively studied in democratic states, but much less is known about similar practices in authoritarian political systems. Although a few studies have identified lobbying in China, most have focused on big businesses and national policy making, and some have argued that it is unaffected by differences in political institutions. Our paper challenges this portrayal of business lobbying in autocracies. Through a study of the lobbying activities of business associations based on documentary research and fieldwork in the northern Chinese city of Tianjin between 2011 and 2013, we show that although business associations have similar lobbying motivations to their counterparts in democracies, their specific practices are often shaped by authoritarian political institutions. While they are similar in seeking to build informal relationships with public officials, provide expertise to shape policies, and raise their profile through public relations activities and media engagement, they differ in focusing their relationship‐building efforts on helping officials with routine work, helping Communist Party organizations establish cells in businesses, and brokering between businesses and government. Rather than donating to political campaigns like their counterparts in democracies, they become legislators themselves, hire retired officials, and seek positions on advisory bodies. Rigged elections, an unreliable legal system, and restrictions on media and freedom of movement are key authoritarian institutions that shape these distinctive lobbying practices.
The transmembrane protein LbRSG from the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor enhances salt gland development and salt tolerance
Authors: Zhou Yingli , Zhang Haonan , Ren Yanpeng , Wang Xi , Wang Baoshan , Yuan Fang 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYSalt glands are the unique epidermal structures present in recretohalophytes, plants that actively excrete excess Na+ by salt secretory structures to avoid salt damage. Here, we describe a transmembrane protein that localizes to the plasma membrane of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor. As virus‐induced gene silencing of the corresponding gene LbRSG in L. bicolor decreased the number of salt glands, we named the gene Reduced Salt Gland. We detected LbRSG transcripts in salt glands by in situ hybridization and transient transformation. Overexpression and silencing of LbRSG in L. bicolor pointed to a positive role in salt gland development and salt secretion by interacting with Lb3G16832. Heterologous LbRSG expression in Arabidopsis enhanced salt tolerance during germination and the seedling stage by alleviating NaCl‐induced ion stress and osmotic stress after replacing or deleting the (highly) negatively charged region of extramembranous loop. After screened by immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry and verified using yeast two‐hybrid, PGK1 and BGLU18 were proposed to interact with LbRSG to strengthen salt tolerance. Therefore, we identified (highly) negatively charged regions in the extramembrane loop that may play an essential role in salt tolerance, offering hints about LbRSG function and its potential to confer salt resistance.
Efficacy of Acute Oral Supplementation of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Adult Female Sprague Dawley Rat Growth Performance
Authors: Mohamad Nasir Nurul Amalina , Kari Asmad , Haron Mohd Nizam , Komilus Connie Fay 
Published: October 2023

Aquilaria malaccensis belongs to the Thymelaceae family and is frequently encountered in select states of Peninsular Malaysia, notably Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, and Johor. Its favorable pharmacological and nutritional attributes have attracted the attention of experts in the pharmaceutical and food industries. They are currently investigating its potential as an organic substitute herb for the formulation of diverse medicinal commodities. In spite of its growing utilization as a supplementary component, it is crucial to acknowledge that improper or excessive consumption of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract might pose a risk of oral toxicity. To evaluate this aspect, an acute study was carried out to investigate both the immediate and delayed toxic repercussions of aqueous extract from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves on rats during a 14-day span.The study involved twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four groups: Control (C); 1 ml of distilled water, Treatment 1 (T1); 1 g of Aquilaria malaccensis per kg of body weight, Treatment 2 (T2); 2 g per kg of body weight, and Treatment 3 (T3); 3 g per kg of body weight. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for parametric data and the Chi-Square test for non-parametric data.The results indicated that both T2 and T3 led to a significant increase in the mean weight of the organ (i.e.,ovary) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed among the treatment groups with regard to weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG) throughout the 14-day acute oral toxicity assessment. In conclusion, this preliminary study involving female rats suggests that doses of Aquilaria malaccensis up to 3 g/kg of body weight do not result in immediate (within 3-4 hours) or delayed toxic effects over a 14-day period, as evidenced by behavioral and physical, and growth parameter assessments (weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG). The study indicates that exposing the animals to Aquilaria malaccensis aqueous extract at doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g/kg of body weight does not adversely affect their overall condition. No instances of mortality or severe clinical effects were observed in any of the female rats during this acute oral toxicity study.