bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diasporic scholarship: racialization, coloniality and de‐territorializing knowledge
Authors: Patel Kamna , Sanyal Romola 
Published: January 2024

In considering how knowledge reproduces the dynamics of coloniality in Geography, scholars have looked beyond the Global North and Global South as cartographical sites, instead seeing them as conceptual frameworks and epistemic positions. Building on this rich work, we draw attention to specific issues obscured within it. Whilst geographical scholarship has moved to recognizing how the Global North and South bleed into each other, it frequently continues to locate scholars themselves within specific territories, labelling them of the Global North or of the Global South, thereby re‐territorializing scholars and their work and reflecting and revealing processes of racialization within the academy.We ask how those who do not fit into neat geographical imaginations of North and South represent ways to understand and know the world? Specifically, how can we centre the idea of diaspora as part of wider geo‐ and body political projects that aim to decentre knowledge production? We bring diaspora back into debates on knowledge production to explore how their understanding of the world, rooted in hybrid and transnational ways, can enrich engagements around postcoloniality and decoloniality. We detail how such voices illuminate how racialization, coloniality and difference continue to mark how we know and teach the world. Our argument makes imperative the case for de‐territorializing scholars and scholarship.
Thermo‐haemodynamic coupling during regional thigh heating: Insight into the importance of local thermosensitive mechanisms in blood circulation
Authors: Koch Esteves Nuno , McDonald Jeneil , González‐Alonso José 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA positive relationship between local tissue temperature and perfusion exists, with isolated limb‐segment hyperthermia stimulating hyperaemia in the heated region without affecting the adjacent, non‐heated limb segment. However, whether partial‐limb segment heating evokes a heightened tissue perfusion in the heated region without directly or reflexly affecting the non‐heated tissues of the same limb segment remains unknown. This study investigated, in 11 healthy young adults, the lower limb temperature and haemodynamic responses to three levels of 1 h upper‐leg heating, none of which alter core temperature: (1) whole‐thigh (WTH; water‐perfused garment), (2) quadriceps (QH; water‐perfused garment) and (3) partial‐quadriceps (PQH; pulsed shortwave diathermy) heating. It was hypothesised that perfusion would only increase in the heated regions. WTH, QH and PQH increased local heated tissue temperature by 2.9 ± 0.6, 2.0 ± 0.7 and 2.9 ± 1.3°C (P < 0.0001), respectively, whilst remaining unchanged in the non‐heated hamstrings and quadriceps tissues during QH and PQH. WTH induced a two‐fold increase in common femoral artery blood flow (P < 0.0001) whereas QH and PQH evoked a similar ∼1.4‐fold elevation (P ≤ 0.0018). During QH and PQH, however, tissue oxygen saturation and laser‐Doppler skin blood flow in the adjacent non‐heated hamstrings or quadriceps tissues remained stable (P > 0.5000). These findings in healthy young humans demonstrate a tight thermo‐haemodynamic coupling during regional thigh heating, providing further evidence of the importance of local heat‐activated mechanisms on the control of blood circulation.
Effects of reductive soil disinfestation combined with different types of organic materials on the microbial community and functions
Authors: Zhan Yu , Zhou Yi , Wang Ergang , Miao Xinyue , Zhou Tingting , Yan Ning , Chen Changbao , Li Qiong 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective method to inhibit soilborne pathogens. However, it remains unclear how RSD combined with different types of organic materials affects the soil ecosystems of perennial plants. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of RSD incorporated with perilla (PF), alfalfa (MS), ethanol, and acetic acid on soil properties, enzyme activities, microbial communities and functions, and seedling growth. Results showed that RSD-related treatments improved soil properties and enzyme activities, changed microbial community composition and structure, enhanced microbial interactions and functions, and facilitated seedling growth. Compared with CK, RSD-related treatments increased soil pH, available nitrogen, and available potassium contents, sucrase and catalase activities, and decreased soil electric conductivity values. Meanwhile, RSD-related treatment also significantly reduced the relative abundance of
Fusarium
while increasing the relative abundance of
Arthrobacter
,
Terrabacter
, and
Gemmatimonas
. The reduction was more evident in PF and MS treatment, suggesting the potential for RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes to suppress pathogens. Furthermore, the microbial network of RSD-related treatment was more complex and interconnected, and the functions related to carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and hydrogen cycling were significantly increased, while the functions of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were decreased. Importantly, RSD-related treatments also significantly promoted seed germination and seedling growth. In summary, RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes is better than liquid easily degradable compounds by regulating the composition and function of microbial communities to improve soil quality and promote plant growth.

IMPORTANCE
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective agricultural practice. We found that RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes is better than that of liquid easily degradable compounds, may improve soil quality and microbial community structure, inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and contribute to the growth of replanted crops. Thus, RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes is more effective than liquid easily degradable compounds.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among renal transplant recipients in Beijing Omicron wave
Authors: Li Guangping , Wu Jiangtao , Huang Ying , Wang Qi , Xing Tianying , Ou Tongwen 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The novel coronavirus disease-19 had become an unprecedented global health emergency, quickly expanding worldwide. Omicron (B.1.1.529), as a novel variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was initially identified in South Africa and Botswana. Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are a special group and are more vulnerable to viral pneumonia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia that occurred in RTRs with Omicron infection. This single-center case-control study enrolled the RTRs who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection by the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, which were divided into two groups according to the imaging features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The parameters were collected by questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions. A total of 313 RTRs completed the questionnaires, and 131 were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 42.66 years. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among the enrolled participants was 76.3%. The first symptoms included fever (89.3%), cough (93.1%), and expectoration (81.7%). From the comparison, the parameters such as age, gender, body mass index, lymphocyte count, and the percent of neutrophils and the basic serum creatinine before SARS-CoV-2 infection were significantly different between the two groups (
P
< 0.05). In multivariate analysis, age and the basic serum creatinine were independent risk factors for developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (
P
< 0.05). Older RTRs with a high level of serum creatinine before SARS-CoV-2 infection were more at risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. More randomized controlled studies are needed.

IMPORTANCE
This study aimed to assess the incidence and the risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia that occurred in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with Omicron infection. In conclusion, older RTRs with a high level of serum creatinine before SARS-CoV-2 infection were more at risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and should be timely treated, in case of severe pneumonia.
Insights into Caribbean tectonics from a detrital zircon U-Pb provenance study of siliciclastic strata in western and central Cuba
Authors: Ascanio-Pellon Patricia , Stockli Daniel F. , Ruiz-Arriaga Daniel , Stockli Lisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The tectonic affinity and origins of the Jurassic, siliciclastic San Cayetano and Constancia formations exposed in western and central Cuba in the Caribbean region remain debated. The scarcity of modern geochronologic studies on these Cuban units hampers both sedimentary provenance and palinspastic reconstructions, resulting in Caribbean models that tend to oversimplify the formation of Cuba and correlate the Jurassic strata to various regions such as North America, South America, the Yucatán margin, or the conceptual Caribeana domain. Using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we conducted a detailed detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb provenance study of these Cuban siliciclastic strata that provides critical insights into understanding the formation of Cuba during the Early Jurassic rifting stages of Pangea. Results from 19 San Cayetano Formation samples show a dominant Oaxaquia (ca. 1 Ga) and Chiapas batholith (ca. 250 Ma) signature, while six Constancia samples display variable ca. 1 Ga and ca. 250 Ma grains. The Lower Cretaceous Polier Formation and the Paleocene Moncada Formation also display the same ca. 1 Ga and ca. 250 Ma signatures. After comparing these Cuban data with data from other regional DZ studies, we propose that that the San Cayetano and Constancia formations are correlative to the Todos Santos Formation located in the southwestern Yucatán region of Mexico. These Cuban units were predominantly deposited adjacent to the Chiapas batholith during the Early Jurassic in northwest–southeast-trending basins created by Pangean rifting. They were eventually sheared during eastward migration of the Caribbean plate and transported northward until they collided with the North American continent in the Paleogene. This DZ study provides new constraints on the tectonic provenance of western and central Cuba and improves plate tectonic reconstructions of the Caribbean.
Causes of sudden cardiac arrest and death and the diagnostic yield of sport preparticipation screening in children
Authors: Graziano Francesca , Schiavon Maurizio , Cipriani Alberto , Savalla Francesco , De Gaspari Monica , Bauce Barbara , Rizzo Stefania , Calore Chiara , Thiene Gaetano , Paiaro Stefano , Basso Cristina , Zorzi Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveEvidence on the increased risk of sports-related sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) and the potential benefit of cardiovascular preparticipation screening (PPS) in children is limited. We assessed the burden and circumstances of SCA/D and the diagnostic yield of cardiovascular PPS in children aged 8–15 years.MethodsData on the incidence and causes of SCA/D from 2011 to 2020 were obtained from the Veneto region (Italy) sudden death registry, hospital records and local press. During the same period, we assessed the results of annual PPS in 25 251 young competitive athletes aged 8–15 years who underwent 58 185 evaluations (mean 2.3/athlete) in Padua, Italy.ResultsOver 10 years, 26 SCA/D occurred in children aged 8–15 years in the Veneto region: 6 in athletes (incidence 0.7/100 000/year, all ≥12 years) versus 20 in non-athletes (0.7/100 000/year, 17/20 ≥12 years). In total, 4/6 athletes versus 1/20 non-athletes survived. The cause of SCA/D remained unexplained in four athletes and in nine non-athletes. No athlete suffered SCA/D from structural diseases potentially identifiable by PPS. The incidence of SCA/D in athletes and non-athletes was 0.2/100 000/year in the 8–11 years group versus 1.3/100 000/year in the 12–15 years group. PPS identified 26 new diagnoses of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at risk of SCA/D, more often in children ≥12 years old (0.06%/evaluation) than <12 years old (0.02%/evaluation, p=0.02). Among athletes with a negative PPS, two suffered unexplained SCA/D during follow-up, one during exercise.ConclusionsIn children aged 8–15 years, the incidence of SCA/D and the yield of PPS for identifying at-risk CVD were both substantially higher in those ≥12 years, suggesting that systematic PPS may be more useful beyond this age.
Barriers to and facilitators of living guidelines use in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Meteku Bekele Tesfaye , Quigley Matthew , Turner Tari , Green Sally E 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionLiving guidelines provide reliable, ongoing evidence surveillance and regularly updated recommendations for healthcare decision-making. As a relatively new concept, most of the initial application of living approaches has been undertaken in high-income countries. However, in this scoping review, we looked at what is currently known about how living guidelines were developed, used and applied in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsSearches for published literature were conducted in Medline, Global Health, Cochrane Library and Embase. Grey literature was identified using Google Scholar and the WHO website. In addition, the reference lists of included studies were checked for missing studies. Studies were included if they described or reflected on the development, application or utility of living guideline approaches for low-income and middle-income countries.ResultsAfter a full-text review, 21 studies were included in the review, reporting on the development and application of living recommendations in low-income and middle-income countries. Most studies reported living guideline activities conducted by the WHO (15, 71.4%), followed by China (4, 19%), Chile (1, 4.8%) and Lebanon (1, 4.8%). All studies based on WHO reports relate to living COVID-19 management guidelines.ConclusionsMost of the studies in this review were WHO-reported studies focusing solely on COVID-19 disease treatment living guidelines. However, there was no clear explanation of how living guidelines were used nor information on the prospects for and obstacles to the implementation of living guidelines in low-income and middle-income countries.
Association of body composition and physical activity with pain and function in knee osteoarthritis patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tong Beibei , Chen Hongbo , Wang Mengqi , Liu Peiyuan , Wang Cui , Zeng Wen , Li Dan , Shang Shaomei 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to delineate disparities between patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on obesity status, investigate the interplay among body composition, physical activity and knee pain/function in patients with KOA and conduct subgroup analyses focusing on those with KOA and obesity.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingResidents of eight communities in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China, were surveyed from March 2021 to November 2021.Participants178 patients with symptomatic KOA aged 40 years or older were included.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome measure was knee pain, assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index-pain (WOMAC-P) scale. Secondary outcome measures included function, evaluated through the WOMAC-function (WOMAC-F) scale and the Five-Time-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST). Data analysis involved t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, χ2tests, linear and logistical regression analysis.ResultsParticipants (n=178) were 41–80 years of age (median: 65, P25–P75: 58–70), and 82% were female. Obese patients (n=103) had worse knee pain and self-reported function (p<0.05). In general patients with KOA, body fat mass was positively associated with bilateral knee pain (β=1.21 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.15)), WOMAC-P scores (β=0.25 (95% CI 0.23 to 1.22)), WOMAC-F scores (β=0.28 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.29)) and FTSST (β=0.19 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.42)), moderate-intensity to low-intensity physical activity was negatively associated with bilateral knee pain (β=−0.80 (95% CI −0.10 to –0.01)) and Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) was negatively associated with WOMAC-F scores (β=−0.16 (95% CI −0.66 to –0.03)). In patients with KOA and obesity, SMI was negatively associated with FTSST (β=−0.30 (95% CI −3.94 to –0.00)).ConclusionPatients with KOA and obesity had worse knee pain and self-reported function compared with non-obese patients. Greater fat mass, lower muscle mass and lower moderate-intensity to low-intensity physical activity were associated with increased knee pain and poor self-reported function. More skeletal muscle mass was associated with the improvement of objective function.
Definition and measurement of post-COVID-19 conditions in real-world practice: a global systematic literature review
Authors: Yang Jingyan , Markus Kristen , Andersen Kathleen Michelle , Rudolph Abby E , McGrath Leah J , Nguyen Jennifer L , Kyaw Moe H , Whittle Isabelle , Blazos Vasileios , Heron Louise , Spinardi Julia Regazzini 
Published: January 2024

Post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) is an umbrella term that encompasses a range of signs, symptoms and conditions present weeks after the acute phase of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic literature review summarises the heterogeneous methodology used to measure PCC across real-world studies and highlights trends by region, age group, PCC follow-up period and data source.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched and supplemented with conference and grey literature searches. Eligible studies included individuals with (1) PCC or (2) a positive SARS-CoV-2 test or COVID-19 diagnosis who were followed over time. Included studies were published in English between 1 January 2020 and 14 November 2022.FindingsOf 291 publications included, 175 (60%) followed individuals with confirmed COVID-19 over time for PCC and 116 (40%) used a prespecified PCC definition. There was substantial heterogeneity in study design, geography, age group, PCC conditions/symptoms assessed and their classification and duration of follow-up. Among studies using a prespecified PCC definition, author-defined criteria (51%) were more common than criteria recommended by major public health organisations (19%). Measurement periods for PCC outcomes from date of acute COVID-19 test were primarily 3 to <6 months (39.2%), followed by 6 to <12 months (27.5%) and <3 months (22.9%). When classified by organ/system, constitutional-related PCC were the most frequently assessed in adult (86%) and paediatric (87%) populations. Within constitutional symptoms, fatigue was most frequently assessed in adult (91.6%) and paediatric (95.0%) populations, followed by fever/chills (37.9% and 55%, respectively).ConclusionsPCC definitions are heterogenous across real-world studies, which limits reliable comparisons between studies. However, some similarities were observed in terms of the most frequently measured PCC-associated symptoms/conditions, which may aid clinical management of patients with PCC.CRD42022376111.
Predictors of adverse outcomes in elders hospitalised for isolated orthopaedic trauma: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Isaac Chartelin Jean , Moore Lynne , Bérubé Mélanie , Belzile Étienne , Malo Christian , Giroux Marianne , Belcaid Amina , Abiala Godwill , Trépanier David , Émond Marcel , Dionne Clermont E 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPatients >64 years of age now represent more than 51% of injury hospitalisations in Canada. The tools used to identify older patients who could benefit the most from an interdisciplinary approach include complex parameters difficult to collect in the ED, which suggests that better tools with higher accuracy and using items that can be derived from routinely collected data are needed. We aimed to identify variables that are associated with adverse outcomes in older patients admitted to a trauma centre for an isolated orthopaedic injury.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study between 1 April 2013 and 31 March 2019 on older patients hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of isolated orthopaedic injury (n=19 928). Data were extracted from the provincial trauma registry (Registre des traumatismes du Québec). We used multilevel logistic regression to estimate the associations between potential predictors and adverse outcomes (extended length of stay, mortality, complications, unplanned readmission and adverse discharge destination).ResultsIncreasing age, male sex, specific comorbidities, type of orthopaedic injuries, increasing number of comorbidities, severe orthopaedic injury, head injuries and admission in the year before the injury were all significant predictors of adverse outcomes.ConclusionWe identified eight predictors of adverse outcomes in patients >64 years of age admitted to a trauma centre for orthopaedic injury. These variables could eventually be used to develop a clinical decision rule to identify elders who may benefit the most from interdisciplinary care.
Using an artificial intelligence software improves emergency medicine physician intracranial haemorrhage detection to radiologist levels
Authors: Warman Pranav , Warman Anmol , Warman Roshan , Degnan Andrew , Blickman Johan , Smith David , McHale Paul , Coburn Zachary , McCormick Sean , Chowdhary Varun , Dash Dev , Sangal Rohit , Vadhan Jason , Bueso Tulio , Windisch Thomas , Neves Gabriel 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTools to increase the turnaround speed and accuracy of imaging reports could positively influence ED logistics. The Caire ICH is an artificial intelligence (AI) software developed for ED physicians to recognise intracranial haemorrhages (ICHs) on non-contrast enhanced cranial CT scans to manage the clinical care of these patients in a timelier fashion.MethodsA dataset of 532 non-contrast cranial CT scans was reviewed by five board-certified emergency physicians (EPs) with an average of 14.8 years of practice experience. The scans were labelled in random order for the presence or absence of an ICH. If an ICH was detected, the reader further labelled all subtypes present (ie, epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and/or intraventricular haemorrhage). After a washout period, the five EPs reviewed again the scans individually with the assistance of Caire ICH. The mean accuracy of the EP readings with AI assistance was compared with the mean accuracy of three general radiologists reading the films individually. The final diagnosis (ie, ground truth) was adjudicated by a consensus of the radiologists after their individual readings.ResultsMean EP reader accuracy significantly increased by 6.20% (95% CI for the difference 5.10%–7.29%; p=0.0092) when using Caire ICH to detect an ICH. Mean accuracy of the EP cohort in detecting an ICH using Caire ICH was found to be more accurate than the radiologist cohort prior to discussion; this difference, however, was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe Caire ICH software significantly improved the accuracy and sensitivity of detecting an ICH by the EP to a level comparable to general radiologists. Further prospective research with larger numbers will be needed to understand the impact of Caire ICH on ED logistics and patient outcomes.