bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipidomic markers of obesity and their dynamics after bariatric surgery
Authors: Saprina T. V. , Bashirova A. S. , Ivanov V. V. , Pekov S. I. , Popov I. A. , Bashirov S. R. , Vasilyeva E. A. , Pavlenko O. A. , Krinitskii D. V. , Chen M. 
Published: January 2024

Obesity is considered as a chronic progressive disease, heterogeneous in its etiology and clinical manifestations, and characterized by excess in body fat mass and its deposition in the body. The term “morbid obesity” refers to excessive deposition of adipose tissue with a body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg / m2 or with a BMI ≥ 35 kg / m2 in the presence of serious complications associated with obesity. Along with obesity, the frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases closely associated with it has increased. It results from the progression of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, which is inextricably linked with the accumulation of visceral fat and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases.The study of lipidomic signatures in obesity and associated conditions is a promising branch of fundamental medicine, which makes it possible to significantly and at a new conceptual level stratify a cohort of obese patients into various phenotypes, including a metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes. Dynamic changes in the lipidome both in the context of diet, drug treatment, and after various bariatric surgeries are of great interest for developing personalized strategies for the treatment of this disease. Currently available studies and their results suggest that we are only at the very start of studying this promising biomedical field.
Challenges in the diagmosis of cervical pathologies
Authors: Chernov D. Y. , Tikhonovskaya O. A. , Logvinov S. V. , Petrov I. A. , Yuriev Y. S. , Zhdankina A. A. , Gerasimov A. V. , Zingalyuk I. V. , Mikheenko G. A. 
Published: January 2024

This review deals with the current state of affairs in the diagnosis of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. Transformation of classifications of cervical pathologies is considered. The role of cytological (liquid-based and conventional cytology), molecular biological (Digene Hybrid Capture test), immunohistochemical (p16INK4α, Ki-67), and histologic methods in the diagnosis of cervical lesions is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection. Performance indicators of screening programs based on primary determination of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in comparison with common cytological methods are presented. Tropism of HPV to various parts of the cervix, which predisposes to the formation of deep multifocal lesions, as well as the influence of the physical status of HPV on the treatment strategy and risks of relapse are considered.
Studying the role of GCLC gene polymorphisms in predicting the clinical course of acute alcoholic pancreatitis
Authors: Samgina T. A. 
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of polymorphic loci rs12524494, rs17883901, rs606548, rs636933, rs648595, and rs761142 in the GCLC gene in predicting the clinical course of acute alcoholic pancreatitis (AAP).Materials and methods. The material of the study was blood DNA samples obtained from 547 patients with AAP and 573 healthy individuals. The average age of patients was 48.9 ± 13.1 years, the average age of healthy individuals was 47.8 ± 12.1 years. Genotyping was performed using the MassARRAY 4 Analyzer. Plasma levels of total glutathione were determined using the OxiSelect™ Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit STA-312. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using the OxiSelect™ In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence) STA-347 (Cell Biolabs Inc., USA). The kinetic colorimetric assay was used to determine the level of amylase in the blood serum. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 and SNPStats software.Results. It was found that the polymorphic loci rs606548 (genotype C/C, odds ratio (OR) = 3.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–8.66, р = 0.007), rs648595 (genotype G/T, OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.36, р = 0.029), andrs12524494 (genotype A/G, р = 0.021) in the GCLC gene were predictors of an increased risk of necrotizing pancreatitis. For the genotype T/T of rs648595 (recessive model) in the GCLC gene, the lowest values of oxidized glutathione were found, whereas rs17883901 – G/A in the GCLC gene was associated with the highest ROS values in the blood. The rs761142 A/A genotype in the GCLC gene (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.12–2.59; р = 0.010) showed predisposition to acute peripancreatic fluid сollection, and the rs648595 G allele (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.13; р = 0.042) in the GCLC gene exhibited predisposition to the formation of acute pancreatic pseudocysts. Predisposition to massive bleeding was associated with rs17883901 (G/A genotype, OR = 6.20, 95%CI 1.3–28.81; р = 0.031) in the GCLC gene.Conclusion. The established genotype – phenotype associations will make it possible to predict the clinical course of AAP in a particular patient, taking into account their genetic makeup, as well as to determine the treatment strategy in a timely manner.
Engineering a Synthetic Friction Reducer to Combat Undesirable Formation of FR-Metal Complex/Precipitation in Slickwater Fracturing
Authors: Sun Hong , Lin Ying-ying , Geng Xi , Wickramasinghe Lanka , Zalluhoglu Fulya , Wang Qing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During stimulation and production, a highly viscous and rubbery precipitation can form due to incompatibility of friction reducer polymers (cationic, anionic or amphoteric) with ferric ions, particularly in formations with high iron content. This material plugs up proppant packs, even production strings, and is extremely detrimental to well productivity. A straightforward sequestration approach with chelants does not work because of poor outcome and prohibitive economics. Compatible biopolymer FRs, as an alternative approach, have limited applications due to their moderate FR performance compared to synthetic PAM based polymers.
This work shows the development of a novel synthetic friction reducer to address this challenge. The polymer was designed by systematically optimizing monomer compositions, molecular weight and surfactant packages. Friction reduction performance of the newly developed FR was evaluated in friction loops under various water conditions. Iron tolerance tests were performed by mixing ferric iron with prehydrated FRs under different pHs, at high concentrations, and salinities. The mixture solutions were then placed in a water bath for heat treatment to simulate downhole conditions and to accelerate the formation of the ferric/FR complexes. Comparative experiments were performed using conventional FRs. In order to probe the interaction between polymers and the iron species, zeta potential analyzer was applied to measure charge changes of the polymer strands.
The newly developed FR showed superior FR performance with fast hydration and high overall friction reduction, in both fresh water and synthetic brines. In iron tolerance tests, rubbery precipitations formed in solutions for all three types of conventional FRs, while no such precipitations were observed with the newly developed FR, even in the presence of 500 ppm ferric ion. This test was repeated in a wide range of pH and salinity conditions and no significant viscosity change of the FR polymer solution was observed before and after the test. Zeta potential measurements confirmed the validity of the polymer design to minimize the interaction between the new FR polymer and iron ions.
This paper demonstrates that the newly developed friction reducer successfully solves the incompatibility issue of FRs with iron spices, i.e., without flocculation on the surface or formation of gummy precipitations downhole. Its superior friction reduction performance with no concerns of potential damages make it a strong candidate for iron-rich fields. Mechanism of the interaction between iron and synthetic polymers is proposed and confirmed by zeta potential results. The manuscript discusses in depth the strategy of the design of the newly developed copolymer, including selection of monomers, molecular weight control, and inverting surfactants.
Proppant Crush Testing: The Pitfalls of the Standard API 19C Crush Test
Authors: Renkes I. J. , Money G. M. , Garza A. E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper will look at the evolution of the Proppant Crush Test and perform a deep dive into the API 19C method, exploring inconsistency of results between 3rd party laboratories, possible causes of the inconsistency, and how that impacts proppant of different gradations.
While there are many varying grades of proppants which are utilized in hydraulic fracturing, this study focuses on the 3 that are frequently utilized in current industry and available: 30/50, 40/70 & 100 Mesh (40/140). Samples were collected from the author's Kermit facility. Each sample was tested 30 times according to the prevailing API 19C Measurement of and Specifications for Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gravel-packing Operations at a designated stress level to facilitate cross laboratory comparison (30/50 – 6,000 psi closure, 40/70 – 8,000 psi closure, 100 Mesh – 10,000 psi closure). The samples were then split and submitted to 4 different 3rd party laboratories across a period of time with varying sample ID's for the above described testing procedure.
Results from independent 3rd party laboratories demonstrate that as the proppant grade and the variation in crush results has an inverse relationship. Meaning, increased variation in crush results is expected as gradation becomes finer. Results show up to a 70% difference in fines produced between 3rd party laboratories and intra laboratory difference were as high as 30%. Procedures and equipment were investigated to determine the cause of the variation between and within laboratories. Since crush testing can be an important factor in operators determining a supplier, the current standard is not serving the industry's needs.
This paper builds on the pervious ideas and findings that the API 19C Crush Test, while an improvement on past methods, is not without its flaws and care should be taken when evaluating results and making decisions.
What Can You Learn from a DFIT on Fiber Optics?
Authors: Kerr Erich , Barree Robert , Estrada Erick 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This field study, the first major test on the Department of Energy's (DOE) Austin Chalk / Eagle Ford Shale Laboratory (ACEFSL), explores the application of Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFITs) on fiber optics. Commonly, DFITs induce a reservoir fracture to measure initial stresses, pore pressures, and flow capacity to then integrate into models to optimize development. This field test captures material insights beyond typical DFITs that influence 3D fracture growth and well productivity understandings.
A novel technique was added on a DFIT conducted across multiple permanent fiber optics wells to detect strain and temperature changes throughout the process. A standard DFIT was initially injected across the high-resolution fiber optics (in-well), followed by the detailed recording of the behavior over several weeks. Subsequently, a much larger DFIT was pumped into the same location to induce a discernible response on an offset, equally instrumented fiber well. This methodology created a layered, comprehensive data set, expanding our understanding of DFIT and fracture mechanisms.
The trial yielded compelling findings—it was possible to identify volume balance characteristics of fracture growth, time of arrival, orientations, and pressure response mechanics. Moreover, a detailed picture of near and far-field fracture dynamics during stimulation and subsequent phases emerged, with the recorded data showing clear correlations and understandings related to the interconnected processes involved in fracture growth and reservoir fluid dynamics, which may now be included in all development analyses. In this paper, the results of this field test will also be simulated and compared to full stimulation stages on this well with additional field measurements to illustrate the implication of these diagnostics and interpretations, especially in areas with complex geology.
This paper provides unique insights that influence our understanding of well development by directly tying common field tests to subsurface fundamentals with more advanced fiber diagnostics to improve our predictive workflows. Many of the factors explored include near well failure mechanics, fracture growth & volume characteristics, and dynamic responses related to poroelasticity and stress. These learnings deliver actionable knowledge that can be used to drive resource development efficiency and optimization for many operators to continue advancing the petroleum industry.
Reservoir and Completion Characterization Leads to Improved Completion and Well Spacing Economics in Several U.S. Plays
Authors: Schubarth S. K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Completion optimization and development optimization are two terms that can mean many different things to people in our industry. What are we optimizing? Minimizing completion cycle time, maximizing a production parameter (90 day cumulative, IP or EUR), minimizing well cost, maximizing perf cluster efficiency, or an economic focus, maximizing NPV, ROI, ROR or minimizing time to payout and so on. This paper will focus on methods that have been used to maximize NPV and ROI for both individual well completions and field development in unconventional multi-stage wells. The methods used in this paper allow us to define the key reservoir and completion characteristics that govern the production behavior of these wells and reservoirs. These three key reservoir and completion parameters are; the formation permeability; the number of producing fractures in the completion; and the average effective fracture half-length of those producing hydraulic fractures. There are many other parameters that must be known to solve the very complex problem that is completion and development optimization, such as net pay, porosity, water saturation, reservoir pressure and fluid properties. We are going to rely on other geological and engineering team members to provide how these values may change across a development area.
Many operators are attempting to solve this problem through the analysis of "Big Data". Large amounts of data are a good thing and should be analyzed statistically, through machine learning and through artificial neural networks, however most of these processes lack the ability to extrapolate outside of their range of existing data without incorporating some type of physical model. "Big Data" costs a significant amount of capital to develop. Wells must be drilled and completed and produced and while these processes rely on data from producing wells, meaningful results can be achieved with only a small fraction of the data required for machine learning. After evaluating countless horizontal, muti-stage well production curves, over 80% behave in the manner described in this paper. There are exceptions, most of which have mechanical problems. Where implemented, the recommendations derived from the processes described in this paper have resulted in the reduction of significant capital cost and increases in individual well hydrocarbon recoveries.
An Interdisciplinary Economic Appraisal of Plug-And-Perf Versus Single-Point Entry Completions Systems Using Simulation
Authors: Eidson B. , Macdonald J. , Carduner R. , Theodore C. , Hervo S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Selecting which formation access and interstage isolation approach is economically superior is difficult to assess due to the complex interactions of these systems’ impact on drilling and completions cycle time and cost and well performance. An integrated view is necessary to assess the economics of single-point entry sleeve completions systems and plug-and-perf systems. The difficulty is exacerbated by the uncertainty of the percentage of effective plug-and-perf clusters. This paper documents the use of commercial simulation software to precisely estimate the daily cashflows for the life of a well pad (from rig move to decommissioning) using designs based on each system. The plug-and-perf cluster efficiency percentage is swept, and the percentage at which its economics breakeven with the single-point entry scenario is calculated. This is performed for multiple subsurface areas whose well performance vary differently from one another as effective cluster spacing changes. Using NPV/section, it was discovered plug-and-perf scenarios needed a cluster efficiency between 38-52% to breakeven with the corresponding single-point entry scenario. However, these results are highly dependent on an operator's contractual frameworks, well performance, and well production constraints.
Evaluation of Fracture Stimulation Performance Based on Production Log Interpretation
Authors: Li Gongsheng , Sakaida Shohei , Zhu Ding , Hill A. D. , Kerr Erich 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Production logging is a traditional approach to monitor an inflow profile in a hydraulically fractured horizontal well. By quantitatively interpreting production logs run in a hydraulically fractured horizontal well, we can evaluate and optimize fracture stimulation design. This paper presents a field example of completion analysis based on production log interpretation. In this well, the fracture treatment design was varied by stage to examine which completion parameters are more influential on productivity. The production performance for each stage was evaluated using an array of spinner flowmeters and phase holdup-sensing devices, and a temperature log.
Multiple-sensor array tools were used to measure the phase holdup and local fluid velocity along the wellbore. The cross-sectional area of the wellbore was divided into five segments. The phase distribution of gas, oil, and water within each wellbore segment was assigned based on the phase holdup values along the wellbore. The array spinner flowmeters provided the local velocity inside each wellbore segment. This paper presents a methodology for using data from array production logging tools to interpret the volumetric flow rates of each phase at each interpretation point along the wellbore. The differences in these wellbore phase flow rates provide the downhole inflow distribution along the hydraulically fractured horizontal well.
Temperature logs can reveal fluid entry locations as the places where temperature anomalies caused by Joule-Thomson effects occur. When gas is produced, the Joule-Thomson cooling effect as the gas expands in the near-well region generates a cool anomaly that locates the gas entry location. In some cases, the Joule-Thomson heating effect caused by liquid production identifies liquid inflow locations. By performing a temperature history match using a thermal simulator, we quantitatively obtained the gas inflow rates at each active cluster location. This paper demonstrates that the temperature log interpretation provides the inflow profile along the experimental well based on the cooling anomalies.
Once we confirm that the inflow profiles estimated by the interpretation of the array production logging tool and the temperature log are comparable to each other, we evaluate the fracture stimulation design based on the production performance for each stage. We present the effect of statistically significant fracture design variables on stage production performance derived from the production log interpretations.
Minimizing Parent-Child Effect in the Anadarko Basin Through Parent Recharges
Authors: Wilson K. D. , Tabatabaei M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recharging parents has been used as a technique in the Anadarko Basin to mitigate the parent-child effect since 2018. Usually, parent wells either don't return to their pre-infill rate or recover slowly after frac hits. On the other hand, the performance of the child directly adjacent to the parent can be negatively impacted by the presence of the parent and underperform other infills. Recharging a parent prior to completing the children not only can help the parent well recover to its pre-infill rate faster but also can help minimize the parent-child effect and improve the performance of the children, specifically direct offsets. Over time our recharge operations and design parameters have evolved significantly to increase the effectiveness and improve economics of the program. Many trials were performed to identify key design parameters that impact parent recovery post frac-hit. In addition, a robust analysis was done to quantify the effect of recharges on direct offsets. This paper presents several case studies of successful and unsuccessful parent recharges in the Anadarko Basin. We will review candidate selection criterion and discuss key parameters that optimize the recharge program to maximize the effectiveness on parent recovery and minimize the parent effect on the parent adjacent child wells. The key parameters that will be discussed are recharge volume, pump rate, magnitude of pressure depletion, distance between the parent and the direct offset, and completion design.