bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Excision Procedure for Warthin's Tumor of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Iwai Hiroshi , Yamashita Toshio 
Published: April 2005

The aim of this work is to establish a local excision procedure (LEP) and indications of this procedure for Warthin's tumor. Seventy‐three patients (82 sides) with Warthin's tumor were studied. Point I was located 1 cm from the intertragal notch in the direction indicated by the notch. Point S was located 5 mm superior to the inferior end of the mandibular angle. The trunk of the facial nerve and the marginal mandibular branch run at the points I and S, respectively. In surgical maneuvers below the I‐S line, the marginal mandibular and colli branches may exist within the surgical field, but the trunk and other peripheral branches of the facial nerve will not be encountered. For Warthin's tumor estimated to be below the I‐S line (Group A), LEP was used, involving resection of the tumor after locating and dissecting the marginal mandibular and colli branches. For tumors not meeting these criteria (Group B), partial superficial parotidectomy was performed. Results indicated that mean volume of hemorrhage was significantly smaller, and that mean operation time was significantly shorter in Group A than in Group B. Conversely, no significant difference in tumor size or incidence of postoperative facial paresis was identified between the 2 groups. Recurrence has not yet been noted in either group. In conclusion, LEP is useful for Warthin's tumor below the I‐S line. This procedure seems applicable not only to Warthin's tumors, but also to other benign parotid tumors in the surgical field below the I‐S line, such as pleomorphic adenoma and lymphoepithelial cyst.
Bone Regeneration in the Rat Mandible with Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2: A Comparison of Two Carriers
Authors: Arosarena Oneida A. , Collins Wesley L. 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE:To compare mandibular bone regeneration with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) delivered with two carriers: a hyaluronic acid polymer (HY), and a collagen carrier complexed with calcium hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (collagen/HA/TCP).STUDY DESIGN:Defects were created in the bilateral mandibular bodies of 16 Sprague‐Dawley rats. The defects were filled with the HY carrier, the HY carrier loaded with BMP‐2, the collagen/HA/TCP carrier, or the collagen/HA/TCP carrier loaded with BMP‐2. Animals were euthanatized after 6 weeks, and the hemi‐mandibles were analyzed histomorphologically.RESULTS:Specimens containing BMP‐2 had significantly larger new bone and marrow volumes than control specimens. Specimens in the hyaluronan/BMP‐2 group tended to have larger volumes of new bone and osteoid than collagen/HA/TCP/BMP‐2 specimens, though these differences were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:The HY and collagen/HA/TCP carriers had comparable efficacy for bone healing with BMP‐2.SIGNIFICANCE:Bone morphogenetic proteins can be delivered with commercially available alloplasts as osteogenic bone substitutes for the repair of craniofacial bone defects. EBM rating: B‐2.
Safety Evaluation of Titanium Middle Ear Prostheses at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Martin Angela D. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Wood Christopher P. , Felmlee Joel P. 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE:To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safety of titanium middle ear prostheses at 3.0 tesla (T).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Titanium middle ear prostheses from 3 commercial vendors were examined for magnetic field interactions at 3 T. Initially, ex vivo studies were performed to test for rotational motion and forward displacement (translational motion) of the prostheses in a static magnetic field. If movement was observed during this screening study, then the prosthesis was tested to determine the translational or rotational force acting upon the prosthesis. In addition to testing for prosthesis displacement, temperature changes of the prostheses were measured to assess for radiofrequency heating during imaging.RESULTS:Twenty‐one of the 24 titanium prostheses tested revealed no movement when tested in the 3 T static magnetic field. Three prostheses revealed minimal movement during the screening study. A translational force test (string test) was performed upon these 3 prostheses, and the measured angle of displacement was used to determine the force. This calculated force acting upon each prosthesis was essentially zero. Therefore, we conclude that the magnetic field interaction is negligible. A positive control with a ferromagnetic stainless steel prosthesis demonstrated obvious displacement during the screening study, as well as deflection of the prosthesis by 90° in the translational force test. Last, heating of the titanium prostheses did not occur in the 7 models tested.CONCLUSIONS:Middle ear prostheses made from titanium are safe, neither deflecting nor heating during magnetic resonance examinations conducted at 3 T. EBM rating: C‐1.
Expression of Interleukins in Patients with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Voegels Richard Louis , De Pádua Francini Grecco Melo 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE:To correlate the levels of interleukins 1 β, 3, 4, and 5 before and after surgery and compare the levels between patients with and without recurrence of nasal polyposis.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Thirty‐nine patients with NP were selected, 13 of them allergic and 26 nonallergic. A control group of 11 individuals was also studied. The concentrations of interleukins were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS:There was a higher incidence of NP after the fourth decade of life and among men. The clinical symptoms were similar in both groups of patients with nasal polyposis and characterized by nasal obstruction and anosmia. A significant reduction of all interleukins studied was observed after surgical treatment.CONCLUSION:Levels of interleukins 1β, 3, 4, and 5 were significantly reduced after surgery and the levels of interleukins 1β and 5 were significantly lower in patients without recurrence of nasal polyposis after surgery when compared to those with recurrence.
Endoscopic Surgery of Inverted Papillomas under Image Guidance—A Prospective Study of 42 Consecutive Cases at a Danish University Clinic
Authors: Von Buchwald Christian , Von Larsen Anders S. 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND:To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic surgery with image guidance in the treatment of inverted papillomas.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This prospective cohort study comprised 42 consecutive patients with biopsy‐confirmed inverted papillomas that were diagnosed between 1998 and 2003. All patients were treated by the first author (C.B.). Image guidance based on preacquired CT scans of the patients was used to assist the surgeon aiming at endoscopic resection of inverted papilloma. The success of the surgery was judged primarily by the recurrence rate and the treatment morbidity.RESULTS:The study group consisted of 30 males and 12 females with a median age of 61 years. The follow‐up period ranged from 9 months to 69 months (median, 37 months). The only additional procedure performed was the Caldwell‐Luc procedure (8 cases). Recurrence was diagnosed in 10 cases (24%), all in the original tumor site. Eight of these had undergone previous surgery for inverted papilloma. The recurrences were predominantly located in the maxillary or in the frontal sinus (8 cases). In 2 cases, the recurrence was simply removed endoscopically while performing the biopsy procedure. All recurrences were identified within the first 9 months. Associated malignancy was not shown. No severe complications occurred.CONCLUSIONS:A treatment based on endoscopic resection with image guidance appears to offer a safe treatment modality of inverted papilloma with insignificant morbidity. Predominantly cases with nonmedial involvement of the maxillary sinus still require a supplement with the Caldwell Luc procedure. Although all the recurrences were found within 9 months postoperatively, later recurrences cannot be excluded. Long‐term follow‐up is recommended.
Measuring Quality of Life in Preschool Children with Sore Throats and Otitis Media Using the Tapqol Questionnaire
Authors: Kubba Haytham , Swan Iain R. C. , Gatehouse Stuart 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVES:TNO‐AZL Preschool Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQOL) is one of the few instruments designed to assess health‐related quality of life in preschool children but its applicability to otolaryngology is unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We studied a consecutive series of children aged 1 to 5 years referred to hospital with recurrent sore throats, recurrent acute otitis media, or otitis media with effusion.RESULTS:TAPQOL domain scores were not influenced by age, sex, or socio‐economic class, but correlated with markers of disease severity (frequency of sore throat or pyrexia, time off school), ear‐related handicap (assessed with the OM6 questionnaire), and other measures of health‐related quality of life (visual analogue scale, 5‐point rating scale and the Health Utilities Index mark III). Comparison with published data from healthy children suggests that these common otolaryngologic problems have a large impact on a child's quality of life.CONCLUSIONS:TAPQOL seems to be appropriate for use in this context. Marked ceiling effects in some domains, however, may limit their sensitivity.
Eolian quartz flux variations in Cheju Island, Korea, during the last 6500 yr and a possible Sun–monsoon linkage
Authors: Lim Jaesoo , Matsumoto Eiji , Kitagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe have obtained a high-resolution sedimentary record covering the last 6500 yr from a maar in Cheju Island, Korea, in order to reconstruct the history of variations in the eolian quartz flux (EQF) and hence Asian dust. The long-term variation of EQF reveals three intervals: a period of high EQF (4000–2000 cal yr B.P.) and two periods of low EQF (6500–4000 cal yr B.P. and 2000 cal yr B.P. to present), which have been affected by the East Asian monsoon due to insolation change and the cold air activity in high latitudes correlated with polar high-pressure systems. This long-term variation is superimposed by millennial- and centennial-scale fluctuations with periodicities of 1137, 739, 214, 162, 137, 127, and 111 yr, implying drier conditions in the source areas in China. The detrended EQF record correlates visually and statistically (cross-spectral analysis) with the atmospheric Δ14C record (solar proxy). The centennial-scale variability in EQF may be affected by the solar activity through the Sun–East Asian monsoon linkage.
O-Acetylserine and the Regulation of Expression of Genes Encoding Components for Sulfate Uptake and Assimilation in Potato
Authors: Hopkins Laura , Parmar Saroj , Błaszczyk Anna , Hesse Holger , Hoefgen Rainer , Hawkesford Malcolm J. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
cDNAs encoding a high-affinity sulfate transporter and an adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Désirée) have been cloned and used to examine the hypothesis that sulfate uptake and assimilation is transcriptionally regulated and that this is mediated via intracellular O-acetylserine (OAS) pools. Gas chromotography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to quantify OAS and its derivative, N-acetylserine. Treatment with external OAS increased sulfate transporter and adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase gene expression consistent with a model of transcriptional induction by OAS. To investigate this further, the Escherichia coli gene cysE (serine acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.30), which synthesizes OAS, has been expressed in potato to modify internal metabolite pools. Transgenic lines, with increased cysteine and glutathione pools, particularly in the leaves, had increased sulfate transporter expression in the roots. However, the small increases in the OAS pools were not supportive of the hypothesis that this molecule is the signal of sulfur (S) nutritional status. In addition, although during S starvation the content of S-containing compounds decreased (consistent with derepression as a mechanism of regulation), OAS pools increased only following extended starvation, probably as a consequence of the S starvation. Taken together, expression of these genes may be induced by a demand-driven model, via a signal from the shoots, which is not OAS. Rather, the signal may be the depletion of intermediates of the sulfate assimilation pathway, such as sulfide, in the roots. Finally, sulfate transporter activity did not increase in parallel with transcript and protein abundance, indicating additional posttranslational regulatory mechanisms.
Betaxanthins as Substrates for Tyrosinase. An Approach to the Role of Tyrosinase in the Biosynthetic Pathway of Betalains
Authors: Gandía-Herrero Fernando , Escribano Josefa , García-Carmona Francisco 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Tyrosinase or polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.14.18.1) is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis and in the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. The role of tyrosinase in the secondary metabolism of plants still remains unclear, but its implication in betalain biosynthesis has been proposed. Betalains are an important class of water-soluble pigments, characteristic of plants belonging to the order Caryophyllales. In this article, the betaxanthins, tyrosine-betaxanthin (portulacaxanthin II) and dopaxanthin, are reported to be physiological substrates for tyrosinase. The direct activity of tyrosinase on selected betaxanthins is characterized in depth, and conversion of tyrosine-betaxanthin to dopaxanthin and its further oxidation to a series of compounds are described. Identity of the reaction products was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Masses determined for the reaction products were the same in all cases, 389 m/z ([M + H]+) and equal to that determined for betanidin. Data indicate that dopaxanthin-quinone is obtained and evolves to more stable species by intramolecular cyclization. Kinetic parameters for tyrosinase acting on dopaxanthin were evaluated, showing a high affinity for this substrate (K m = 84.3 μ m). The biosynthetic scheme of betalains is reviewed and a branch is proposed based on the description of physiological substrates for tyrosinase. Lampranthus productus, Glottiphylum oligocarpum, and Glottiphylum pigmaeum are described as sources of stereopure (2S/S)-dopaxanthin.
Antifreeze Proteins Modify the Freezing Process In Planta
Authors: Griffith Marilyn , Lumb Chelsey , Wiseman Steven B. , Wisniewski Michael , Johnson Robert W. , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
During cold acclimation, winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) plants accumulate antifreeze proteins (AFPs) in the apoplast of leaves and crowns. The goal of this study was to determine whether these AFPs influence survival at subzero temperatures by modifying the freezing process or by acting as cryoprotectants. In order to inhibit the growth of ice, AFPs must be mobile so that they can bind to specific sites on the ice crystal lattice. Guttate obtained from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves exhibited antifreeze activity, indicating that the AFPs are free in solution. Infrared video thermography was used to observe freezing in winter rye leaves. In the absence of an ice nucleator, AFPs had no effect on the supercooling temperature of the leaves. However, in the presence of an ice nucleator, AFPs lowered the temperature at which the leaves froze by 0.3°C to 1.2°C. In vitro studies showed that apoplastic proteins extracted from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves inhibited the recrystallization of ice and also slowed the rate of migration of ice through solution-saturated filter paper. When we examined the possible role of winter rye AFPs in cryoprotection, we found that lactate dehydrogenase activity was higher after freezing in the presence of AFPs compared with buffer, but the same effect was obtained by adding bovine serum albumin. AFPs had no effect on unstacked thylakoid volume after freezing, but did inhibit stacking of the thylakoids, thus indicating a loss of thylakoid function. We conclude that rye AFPs have no specific cryoprotective activity; rather, they interact directly with ice in planta and reduce freezing injury by slowing the growth and recrystallization of ice.
ODORANT1Regulates Fragrance Biosynthesis in Petunia Flowers
Authors: Verdonk Julian C. , Haring Michel A. , van Tunen Arjen J. , Schuurink Robert C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFloral scent is important to plant reproduction because it attracts pollinators to the sexual organs. Therefore, volatile emission is usually tuned to the foraging activity of the pollinators. In Petunia hybrida, volatile benzenoids determine the floral aroma. Although the pathways for benzenoid biosynthesis have been characterized, the enzymes involved are less well understood. How production and emission are regulated is unknown. By targeted transcriptome analyses, we identified ODORANT1 (ODO1), a member of the R2R3-type MYB family, as a candidate for the regulation of volatile benzenoids in Petunia hybrida cv W115 (Mitchell) flowers. These flowers are only fragrant in the evening and at night. Transcript levels of ODO1 increased before the onset of volatile emission and decreased when volatile emission declined. Downregulation of ODO1 in transgenic P. hybrida Mitchell plants strongly reduced volatile benzenoid levels through decreased synthesis of precursors from the shikimate pathway. The transcript levels of several genes in this pathway were reduced by suppression of ODO1 expression. Moreover, ODO1 could activate the promoter of the 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene. Flower pigmentation, which is furnished from the same shikimate precursors, was not influenced because color and scent biosynthesis occur at different developmental stages. Our studies identify ODO1 as a key regulator of floral scent biosynthesis.
DDM1 Binds Arabidopsis Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Proteins and Affects Their Subnuclear Localization
Authors: Zemach Assaf , Li Yan , Wayburn Bess , Ben-Meir Hagit , Kiss Vladimir , Avivi Yigal , Kalchenko Vyacheslav , Jacobsen Steven E. , Grafi Gideon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMethyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana bind in vitro methylated CpG sites. Here, we aimed to characterize the binding properties of AtMBDs to chromatin in Arabidopsis nuclei. By expressing in wild-type cells AtMBDs fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), we showed that AtMBD7 was evenly distributed at all chromocenters, whereas AtMBD5 and 6 showed preference for two perinucleolar chromocenters adjacent to nucleolar organizing regions. AtMBD2, previously shown to be incapable of binding in vitro–methylated CpG, was dispersed within the nucleus, excluding chromocenters and the nucleolus. Recruitment of AtMBD5, 6, and 7 to chromocenters was disrupted in ddm1 and met1 mutant cells, where a significant reduction in cytosine methylation occurs. In these mutant cells, however, AtMBD2 accumulated at chromocenters. No effect on localization was observed in the chromomethylase3 mutant showing reduced CpNpG methylation or in kyp-2 displaying a reduction in Lys 9 histone H3 methylation. Transient expression of DDM1 fused to GFP showed that DDM1 shares common sites with AtMBD proteins. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays demonstrated that AtMBDs bind DDM1; the MBD motif was sufficient for this interaction. Our results suggest that the subnuclear localization of AtMBD is not solely dependent on CpG methylation; DDM1 may facilitate localization of AtMBDs at specific nuclear domains.
Transcription of the human and rodent SPAM1 / PH-20 genes initiates within an ancient endogenous retrovirus
Authors: Dunn Catherine A , Mager Dixie L 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1) is the major mammalian testicular hyaluronidase and is expressed at high levels in sperm cells. SPAM1 protein is important for penetration of the cumulus cell layer surrounding the ovum, and is also involved in zona pellucida binding and sperm intracellular signalling. A previous study had identified SPAM1 as one of the many human genes that initiate within a transposable element.

Results
Examination of the human, mouse and rat SPAM1 loci revealed that transcripts initiate within the pol gene of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) element. This is highly unusual, as all previously identified ERV-initiated cellular gene transcripts initiate within the viral long terminal repeat promoter. The SPAM1 locus therefore represents an example of the evolution of a promoter from protein-coding sequence. We have identified novel alternative promoter and splicing variants of human and murine SPAM1. We show that all transcript variants are expressed primarily in the testis and are predicted to encode identical proteins.

Conclusion
The testis-specific promoters of the human and mouse SPAM1 genes are derived from sequence that was originally part of an ERV pol gene. This represents the first known example of an ERV-derived promoter acting in a gender-specific manner.
Adequate symptom relief justifies hepatic resection for benign disease
Authors: Fioole Bram , Kokke Marike , van Hillegersberg Richard , Borel Rinkes Inne HM 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of partial liver resection for benign liver lesions.

Methods
All patients operated on for benign liver lesions from 1991 to 2002 were included. Information was retrieved from medical records, the hospital registration system and by a telephonic questionnaire.

Results
Twenty-eight patients with a median age of 41 years (17–71) were operated on (M/F ratio 5/23). The diagnosis was haemangioma in 8 patients, FNH in 6, HCA in 13 and angiomyolipoma in 1. Eight patients were known to have relevant co-morbidity. Median operating time was 207 minutes (45–360). The morbidity rate was 25% and no postoperative mortality was observed. Twenty-two patients (79%) had symptoms (mainly abdominal pain) prior to surgery. Twenty-five patients were reached for a questionnaire. The median follow up was 55 months (4–150). In 89% of patients preoperative symptoms had decreased or disappeared after surgery. Four patients developed late complications.

Conclusion
Long-term follow up after liver surgery for benign liver lesions shows considerable symptom relief and patient satisfaction. In addition to a correct indication these results justify major surgery with associated morbidity and mortality.