bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneuploidy in breast cancer: A fluorescence in situ hybridization study
Authors: Shackney Stanley E. , Singh Sarita G. , Yakulis Robert , Smith Charles A. , Pollice Agnese A. , Petruolo Susan , Waggoner Alan , Hartsock Robert J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough ploidy is associated with the development and progression of most breast cancers, the value of flow cytometric ploidy as a clinical prognostic factor remains controversial. The technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be used not only to determine overall ploidy, but also to assess the over‐representation or under‐representation of specific chromosomes in interphase cells. This information may be of prognostic value. We studied 84 primary breast cancers and 20 metastatic tumors by FISH, using chromosome‐specific fluorescent centromeric probes. Of these, 100 cases were also studied by DNA flow cytometry. The FISH studies were concordant with DNA flow cytometry with regard to distinguishing aneuploid from diploid tumors in 78% of cases. The FISH data suggested that aneuploidy arises by a process of chromosome complement doubling with subsequent chromosome loss. In tumors that exhibited evidence of more than one round of chromosome complement doubling, the selective accumulation of multiple copies of specific chromosomes or chromosome segments was common. Multiple copies of chromosomes centromeres 1, 3, and 17 were accumulated selectively in the cells of individual tumors more frequently than chromosomes centromeres 7, 11, and 16. Multiple copies of chromosomes centromeres 10 and 20 were selectively accumulated only rarely, if at all. Aneuploidy in breast cancer can be divided into distinct stages using fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. The stages of aneuploidy provide potential landmarks in the genetic evolution of this disease with possible links to chromosome‐specific evolutionary changes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopy and Redox Behaviour of Dicopper(II) and Dinickel(II) Complexes of Bis(cyclen) and Bis(cyclam) Ligands
Authors: El Ghachtouli Sanae , Cadiou Cyril , Déchamps‐Olivier Isabelle , Chuburu Françoise , Aplincourt Michel , Turcry Véronique , Le Baccon Michel , Handel Henri 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe dinuclear CuII and NiII complexes of meta‐xylyl and pyridyl biscyclen and biscyclam have been prepared and characterised in solution by means of UV/Visible spectra, electrochemical and EPR studies. X‐ray structures of copper biscyclen complexes have been obtained. The comparison of all the data shows that the potentially coordinating N(py) pyridyl atom promotes the interaction between the two metal centers, whether it is spontaneously coordinated (biscyclen complexes) or not (biscyclam ones). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Pyridone Dipeptides – Synthesis of a Novel Peptide Chromophore
Authors: Tremmel Peter , Geyer Armin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSequential elimination of two water molecules transfers the diols 2 and 3 into the pyridone dipeptide 1. Both dehydration steps become part of the peptide synthesis under appropriate reaction conditions. A straightforward strategy for the incorporation of 1 in oligopeptide sequences is presented here. As part of the oligopeptide backbone, 1 has a local rigidifying effect which was studied in the cyclic octapeptides 16 and 25. Both cyclopeptides exhibit conformational averaging although a fixed conformation was identified for the 1‐Phe tripeptide fragment of octapeptide 25. The pyridone dipeptide 1 serves also as a fluorescence label and the UV/Vis‐spectroscopic properties of tetrapeptide 13 are investigated here. The peptide backbones of the two cyclic octapeptides 16 and 25 arrange a pair of chromophores 1 in close vicinity of each other. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The state‐of‐the‐art in pyrolysis modelling of lignocellulosic solid fuels
Authors: Moghtaderi Behdad 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent advances in mathematical modelling and numerical analysis of the pyrolysis of char forming solid fuels have shed new light on the pyrolytic behaviour of these materials under fire conditions. A review of the pyrolysis models of lignocellulosic (wood‐based) charring solid fuels developed over the past 60 years is presented in order of increasing complexity. The review, however, is limited to pyrolysis models developed for high temperature and high heating rate conditions and does not encompass the pyrolysis of wood‐based materials under conditions pertinent to ‘steam pipe’ type problems encountered typically at low temperatures, low heating rates and relatively long residence times. The models can be broadly categorized into thermal and comprehensive type models. While thermal models predict the conversion of the virgin fuel into products based on a critical pyrolysis criterion and the energy balance, the comprehensive models describe the degradation of the fuel by a chemical kinetic scheme coupled with the conservation equations for the transport of heat and/or mass. A variety of kinetic schemes have been reported in the literature ranging from simple one‐step global reactions to semi‐global and multi‐step reaction mechanisms. There has been much less uniformity in the description of the transport phenomena (i.e. heat and mass) in comprehensive models and different levels of approximation have been used. It is shown that the accuracy of pyrolysis models largely depends on the model parameters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combination of intermediate doses of thalidomide and dexamethasone reduces bone marrow micro‐vessel density but not serum levels of angiogenic cytokines in patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Hatjiharissi E. , Terpos E. , Papaioannou M. , Hatjileontis C. , Kaloutsi V. , Galaktidou G. , Gerotziafas G. , Christakis J. , Zervas K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe aim of the study was the evaluation of anti‐angiogenic activity of the combination of intermediate doses of thalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with refractory/relapsed myeloma. Twenty‐five patients were included in the study. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated in marrow biopsies before and after treatment. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), which have angiogenic potential and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R), and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) which are involved in the disease biology, were measured before treatment and then every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Pretreatment levels of MVD, VEGF, b‐FGF, IL‐6, sIL‐6R were increased in the patients compared to controls. The overall response rate to therapy was 72%. The administration of the combined regimen produced a significant reduction in MVD in responders. However, an increase in serum levels of VEGF, b‐FGF, IL‐6, sIL‐6R was observed post‐treatment in responders. In contrast, serum levels of TNF‐α, TGF‐β, IL‐1β did not differ between patients and controls and remained unchanged during the study. These results suggest that the combination of thalidomide plus dexamethasone is an effective treatment for myeloma reducing MVD marrow levels but not serum levels of angiogenic cytokines or cytokines implicated in myeloma biology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltage‐dependent K+ channel acts as sex steroid sensor in endocrine cells of the human ovary
Authors: Kunz Lars , Rämsch Romi , Krieger Annette , Young Kelly A. , Dissen Gregory A. , Stouffer Richard L. , Ojeda Sergio R. , Mayerhofer Artur 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMolecular targets of rapid non‐genomic steroid actions are not well known compared to those of the classical transcription pathway, but ion channels have recently been identified to be steroid‐sensitive. Especially, in the ovary, the very organ producing high amounts of sex steroids, their rapid actions are not well examined. We now identified a yet unknown target for sex steroids, a voltage‐dependent K+ channel (Kv4.2) that contributes to a transient outward K+ current (IA) in human granulosa cells (GCs). Sex steroid hormones at concentrations typical for the ovary (1 µM) blocked Kv4.2 thereby attenuating IA by about 25% within seconds. We also found both Kv4.2 (KCND2) mRNA and protein in endocrine cells of the human and rhesus macaque ovary, emphasizing the physiological relevance of this channel. Therefore, we propose a role as fast‐responding steroid sensor for the Kv4.2 channel. The direct regulation of K+ channel activity by sex steroids might represent a yet unknown mechanism of rapid steroid action in close proximity to the site of steroid production in the primate ovary. Our data might also be important for Kv4 channels in the brain and the cardiovascular system where rapid steroid effects are discussed in the context of prevention of cell death. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PLGA‐(L‐Asp‐alt‐diol)x‐PLGAs with Different Contents of Pendant Amino Groups: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Zhao Jie , Quan Daping , Liao Kairong , Wu Qing 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A series of novel biodegradable multi‐block copolymers PLGA‐(L‐Asp‐alt‐diol)x‐PLGA with pendant amino groups was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of D,L‐lactide/glycolide(D,L‐LA/GA) (75/25) using poly(N‐Cbz‐L‐Asp‐alt‐diol)s as macroinitiator and stannous octoate as catalyst, in which the N‐Cbz‐L‐Asp represents N‐carbobenzyloxy‐L‐aspartic acid and diols are ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, PEG200, and PEG600, respectively. Their structures and properties were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, GPC, and elemental analysis (EA). The contents of the L‐Asp unit in the copolymers were increased from 12.9 to 79.3 mmol · g−1 with decreasing the chain length of the diol, while the glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were decreased from 27.1 to 11.7 °C with increasing the chain length of the diol. Thus, the results in this study provide a way to prepare biomaterials with different L‐Asp unit densities or different number of bioactive sites as well as different properties through adjusting the chain length of the diol.Synthesis of PLGA‐(N‐Cbz‐L‐Asp‐alt‐diol)x‐PLGA copolymers.magnified imageSynthesis of PLGA‐(N‐Cbz‐L‐Asp‐alt‐diol)x‐PLGA copolymers.
Configuring and managing a large‐scale monitoring network: solving real world challenges for ultra‐low‐powered and long‐range wireless mesh networks
Authors: Dugas Christophe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn creating wireless networking solutions suitable for deployment in harsh, unpredictable and widespread environments, we were confronted with a series of problems as yet unsolved by commercially available technologies. The purpose of this article is to describe how we addressed mission‐critical customer requirements by developing a wireless technology explicitly for devices in ultra‐low‐power (ULP) and long‐range wireless mesh networks. The key end‐points in our target implementation are battery‐operated devices located in hard‐to‐reach places, but which are nonetheless expected to offer a lifespan of several years without human intervention. We provide an overview of the technical requirements for building ULP networks, with a focus on configuration and management (including patent pending self‐configuration and dynamic‐routing features). This is followed by a case study of an existing 25,000‐node wireless network deployed for an automatic meter reading (AMR) solution, and examples of provisioning individual nodes in complex real‐world networks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anionic polymerization of n‐hexyl isocyanate with monofuctional initiators. Synthesis of well‐defined diblock copolymers with styrene and isoprene
Authors: Zorba Georgia , Vazaios Aggelos , Pitsikalis Marinos , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSeveral monofunctional initiators, such as s‐BuLi, 1,1‐diphenyl‐4‐methylpentyl lithium (DPMPL), benzyl potassium (BzK), triphenylmethyl sodium (trityl sodium, TrNa) and benzyl sodium (BzNa) were tested and evaluated for the polymerization of n‐hexyl isocyanate (HIC) in THF at −98 °C. The polymerizations were conducted either without or with additives, such as LiBPh4, NaBPh4, and crown ether 18C6. The products were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), membrane osmometry (MO), and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The best results regarding polymerization yield, molecular weight distribution, and agreement between the stoichiometric and the experimentally observed molecular weight were obtained by the initiating system BzNa/NaBPh4 in a molar ratio 1/10. By using BzNa/NaBPh4 system, well‐defined block copolymers of HIC with styrene or isoprene were synthesized for the first time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3533–3542, 2005
Progress on holographic three‐point functions
Authors: Mück W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe recently developed gauge‐invariant formalism for the treatment of fluctuations in holographic renormalization group (RG) flows overcomes most of the previously encountered technical difficulties. I summarize the formalism and present its application to the GPPZ flow, where scattering amplitudes between glueball states have been calculated and a set of selection rules been found.
String and supergravity motivated cosmology
Authors: Kallosh R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this pedagogical lecture we explain some basic part of the standard cosmological model which is most relevant for the fundamental theoretical physics. We stress the common features and differences between early universe inflation and late‐time acceleration. We than proceed with some recent attempts to address the issues of cosmology in string theory and higher dimensional supergravity with the emphasis on successes and still unsolved problems.
On the high‐temperature phase transitions of NH4HSO4
Authors: Diosa J. E. , Fernández M. E. , Vargas R. A. , Torijano E. , Mellander B.‐E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractModulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the phase behaviour of NH4HSO4 (AHS) above room temperature. For powder AHS measured during successive thermal cycles, the MDSC curves show an endothermic peak at 147 °C on heating scans and an exothermic peak at about 115 °C on subsequent cooling runs. However, after the second thermal cycle, a second endothermic peak starts to appear at about 135 °C on heating runs whose intensity increases on subsequent cycles. The thermogravimetric measurements on powder AHS show weight loss above 135 °C. X‐ray powder diffraction data for AHS heated to 140 °C during 24 hours, show the diffraction pattern for (NH4)2S2O7. We discuss the endothermic effect at 135 °C in terms of a partial dehydration setting in at reaction sites distributed on the surface of the crystals. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of the electrical properties of the new conductor Pr0.5Bi0.05Li0.35TiO3 prepared by sol–gel and ceramic methods
Authors: García‐Sánchez M.‐F. , Fernández Nestor , Martínez‐Sarrión María‐Luisa , Mestres Lourdes , Herraiz Marta , Escribano Purificación , Cordoncillo Eloisa , Beltrán Hector 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLithium ion conducting perovskite, Pr0.5Bi0.05Li0.35TiO3, has been synthesized by ceramic and sol–gel methods. The influence of the synthesis method on the crystal structure, morphology and ionic conductivity has been studied. Crystal structure of the material prepared by the sol–gel method is identical to that of the material prepared by the solid state reaction, although the synthesis temperature in the former case is lower. AC impedance measurements show two contributions to the ionic conductivity, which can be ascribed to grain and grain boundary effects. The bulk conductivity is similar for samples obtained by each methods. The grain boundary conductivity, and therefore the total conductivity, is higher for samples prepared by the sol–gel method. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 242/9
Authors: Sánchez Maria 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe XVII Latin American Symposium on Solid State Physics took place in the conference rooms of the Convent San Francisco de Asis, in the heart of the Old Havana. The sixteen previous editions were organized in eight different countries; the last two were in Colombia (Cartagena, 1999) and Venezuela (Merida, 2002). After eighteen years the meeting came back to Havana in 2004.The program topics included: Surfaces and interfaces analysis; Spintronics; Magnetism; Materials and energy; Ab‐initio methods, simulations and modeling in solids; Nanophysics, nanomaterials and nanotechnology; New materials, properties and applications; Preparation of materials, thin films and characterization; High temperature superconductivity; Techniques of structural analysis in solids. The program included 6 plenary talks, 13 invited talks, 58 oral presentations (in eight sessions) and 200 poster contributions (in four poster sessions).The meeting attracted more than 200 participants from 14 countries. The physica status solidi Young Researcher Award sponsored by Wiley‐VCH was conferred at the meeting. This prize was divided between two participants: Clara Calderón (“Study of electrical transport properties of ZnO thin films used as front contact of solar cells”) from Colombia and Aimé Pelaiz Barranco (“AC behavior in lanthanum modified PZT ferroelectric ceramics”) from Cuba. Special Mentions went to Valérie Halté (“Femtosec‐ond dynamics of transmission of gold arrays of sub‐wavelength holes”) from France, Erick Larramendi Cancio (“Cd desorption induced by Zn exposure during atomic layer epitaxy of CdxZn1−xTe”) and Julio Cesar Rimada Herrera (“Quantum and conversion efficiency calculation of AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well solar cells”) from Cuba.Nanostructures and in general low dimensional physics related to different systems was a very hot topic during the meeting. Some talks and presentations were devoted to optoelectronic materials and devices. Characterization of solids by different structural and optical techniques together with modeling and simulations were also important subjects of the symposium.The XVIII Symposium will be held in Mexico in 2006.The editors wish to thank all the participants who contributed to the success of the meeting and hope that it helped to develop close links between researchers and institutions of Latin America. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aging: Do we need them — can we measure them — should we block them?
Authors: Simm Andreas , Brömme Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are derivatives of oxygen which arise during life in an oxygenated environment. Whereas there is a long discussion within the scientific community about the causes of aging, there is an impressive amount of data indicating that ROS are indeed a major cause for aging. An increase in radical production or a decrease in the defense against ROS appears to be associated with the decrease of the life span of an organism. On the other hand, in the last 15 years, it was shown that radicals are needed for cellular function. Therefore this review concentrates on the arguments for the link between ROS and aging, the hazardous nature of individual radicals, the possibility to analyze ROS and a short view on the impact of ROS on cellular functions.
Structure and properties of the fundamental elastic plate matrix
Authors: Cheng Zhen‐Qiang , Reddy J.N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis work presents further development of the octet formalism established by the authors for the classical Kirchhoff anisotropic plate theory. The structure of the fundamental elastic plate matrix is fully explored and the explicit expression is provided. The matrices N2 and N3 are proved to be positive semi‐definite. Thus, H and L are positive definite. Further studies are concerned with a rotated coordinate system. The transform relation between the eigenvectors in the original and the rotated coordinate system is given. The fundamental elastic plate matrix associated with the eigenrelation referring to the dual coordinate systems, NΘ, is studied. The major properties that hold in the Stroh sextic formalism for generalized plane strain problems are also valid in the octet formalism for thin plate bending problems. In particular, we generalize a property in Stroh's formalism for any non‐semisimple matrix NΘ. We show a new property in the octet formalism. The non‐semisimple cases of NΘ are discussed. Finally, we make it transparent that the mixed/hybrid formalism of others is precisely one of sixteen permuted forms of the octet formalism.
Oscillation of perturbed nonlinear dynamic equations on time scales
Authors: Sun H.‐R. , Li W.‐R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper we consider the oscillatory and asymptotic behavior of bounded solutions of second‐order nonlinear perturbed dynamic equation (α(t)(xΔ(t))r)Δ+ F(t,xσ (t)) = G(t, xσ (t), xΔ (t)), t ∈𝕋 , (0.1) where r = k/l with k even and l odd positive integer. Some new sufficient conditions are obtained for all bounded solutions of (0.1) to be oscillatory. Several examples that dwell upon the importance of our results are also included. In particular, our criteria extend some earlier results.
Studies on abnormal metabolic function in Reye's syndrome
Authors: Tracey B. M. , Chalmers R. A. , Mehta A. , English N. , Purkiss P. , Valman H. B. , Stacey T. E. 
Published: June 2005

Conclusions(1) The presence of medium chain dicarboxylic acylcarnitines and 3‐hydroxydicarboxylic acids in the urine of a patient with Reye's syndrome suggests that β‐oxidation of dicarboxylic acids to succinyl CoA is occurring but also being inhibited at several stages. The cellular organelle responsible for this oxidation is not apparent.(2) Administration of carnitine in Reye's syndrome appears to increase the production of acetylcarnitine. This would seem to indicate stimulation of β‐oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA by the large amount of carnitine present.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody and the possible association with chronic liver disease: a case-control study in Albania
Authors: KONDILI L. A. , CHIONNE P. , PORCARO A. , MADONNA E. , TAFFON S. , RESULI B. , TALIANI G. , RAPICETTA M. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYA case-control study involving 109 in-patients with chronic liver disease and 190 in-patients with no apparent liver disease was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies and the possible association with chronic liver disease. Among cases, the anti-HEV prevalence was 36·6% which increased significantly by age; among controls, the prevalence was 12·1% (P<0·05) and was similar among age groups <60 years. Among cases, aged >50 years (OR 4·0, 95% CI 1·4–11) and the presence of end stage liver disease (ESLD) (OR 4·3, 95% CI 1·4–12·8) were associated independently with anti-HEV positivity. The mean optical density, determined by anti-HEV immunoenzymatic test, was significantly higher among patients with ESLD, compared to the other patients. These results indicate that there is a high seroprevalence of anti-HEV in patients with chronic liver disease and a possible association between HEV infection and/or anti-HEV production and advanced stage chronic liver disease.