bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thomas East And The Sphere Of Public Affairs In The Twilight Years Of The Elizabethan Era
Authors: Smith Jeremy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through his music printing and publishing activity, East became entangled in two major elements of late sixteenth-century politics: the so-called Catholic question and the Essex Revolt. Two aspects of the first issue are relevant here: (1) Robert Per sons’s project to shape English Catholic views on the succession at the turn of the seventeenth century and (2) the distribution of music for illegal Catholic Masses by William Byrd. Persons was the leading English Jesuit exile and the most important English Catholic educator and controversialist of his time, second only to Cardinal William Allen. Byrd’s Masses number among his most important musical contributions, and their publication history has intrigued scholars for several generations.
Introuduction: CanCognitive scienceLocate and Provide a Correct Account of the Mind’s Center? Progress Toward the Literal
Authors: Johnson David Martel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People everywhere enjoy believing things that they know are not true. It spares them the ordeal of thinking for themselves and taking responsibility for what they know.What holds together the various fields that-considered together-constitute the intellectual discipline called cognitive science? Practitioners of this relatively new discipline claim it is just a more or less ordinary branch of modem, empirical science (see, e.g., Chomsky, 1997). At least some of those same individuals also say that what all its subfields share is a fairly specific common focus, concern, or subject matter-which each of these fields then goes on to consider from its own viewpoint, and to which it applies its distinctive methodologies.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson David Martel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us tentatively assume that the human mind both can be and is a legitimate object of scientific investigation. Even when that point is granted, one still is not entitled to suppose that the mind is such an object, in exactly the same way and sense that applies to other, more standard cases —entities like neutrons, electromagnetic fields, viruses, species of African antelopes, volcanoes, periods of geological history, galaxies, and so forth. Accordingly, everyone who thinks of him- or herself as a cognitive scientist needs to consider the following questions: (1) What constitutes the (scientific) distinctiveness of the human mind? (2) For example, is its distinctiveness just a matter of degree, or of kind? (3) Still more narrowly, what types of scientific research are capable of throwing light on mind’s nature and properties?(4)What makes these particular disciplines, methods, and conceptions both suited and able to perform that role? The authors represented in this second part of the book propose answers to these and related problems from the perspective of the knowledge, experience, values, and priorities that each of them brings to the task.
Epistemic Dualism
Authors: Stent Gunther S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kant’s epigram epitomizes the thesis that to be human means to live in two metaphysically distinct domains of the world. One of them is the natural domain of things that are governed by physical laws. That natural domain includes not only the starry heavens above Kant but also the species of animals of which he happened to be a member. The other is the supernaturalistic domain of persons who, like Kant, are governed by the moral law within them. It is in this sense of mankind coexisting in natural and supernaturalistic domains of the world that the dualism of mind and body, which most contemporary biologists and philosophers regard as a long-defunct doctrine, is not dead at all. On the contrary, dualism is likely to persist for as long as there are people who live as social beings.
Mind, Brain, and Culture
Authors: Olson David R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ever since Descartes advanced his argument that the mind (what today we would call mental structures) is to be clearly distinguished from body (what today we would call neurological structures)-the famous doctrine of dualism-philosophers and psychologists have attempted to state just how mind and body are related (Cummins, 2000, p. 128). Some, the materialists, deny the literal existence of mind, claiming it to be epiphenomena!; others, phenomenologists, deny body, claiming that we live in a world as experienced. Still others deny that there is a problem, since mind is just one aspect of bodily function. Yet others claim that dualism is correct, if not exactly as Descartes set it out. Gunther Stent is in the last group.
What Does It Take to Be a True Believer? Against the Opulent Ideology of Eliminative Materialism
Authors: Henderson David , Horgan Terry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eliminative materialism, as William Lycan tells us in this volume, tells us is materialism plus the claim that no creature has ever had a belief, desire, intention, hope, wish, or other “folk psychological” state. Some contemporary philosophers claim that eliminative materialism is very likely true. They sketch certain potential scenarios for the way theory might develop in cognitive science and neuroscience that they claim are fairly likely, and they maintain that if such scenarios turned out to be the truth about humans, then eliminative materialism would be true.
The Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory:A Framework for the Science of Mind
Authors: Dror Itiel E , Thomas Robin D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Researching the mind as a scientific object raises two momentous questions: first, whether the mind exists as a scientific object to begin with; and second, whether, even if the mind is a scientific object, it can be studied scientifically, and if so, how. In this chapter we attempt to answer both these questions. Before we embark on each question separately, we want to consider their interrelations and dependencies.
Introduction
Authors: Erneling Christina E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The philosopher Rene Descartes claimed that human cognition was different from animal cognition because humans, but not animals, possessed thought (see Thomas Leahey s chapter in part I). Specific features of human experiences and behavior and the fact that humans were able to use language were the basis for this bifurcation between animals and humans. Descartes never denied that animals were aware of their surroundings, and that they had experiences, but he argued that they lacked reflective, thoughtful awareness of their own awareness. Furthermore, in his opinion human behavior was more flexible and creative than animal behavior. Descartes saw animals as machines that responded to their environment with reflexes. Humans, on the other hand, were able to respond creatively to novel situations by thinking about them.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson David Martel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All three of the chapters in this part take the form of commentaries on the work of other authors. Jerome Brunefs chapter comments on the French philosopher Ignace Meyerson. David Bakhursfs chapter criticizes certain ideas proposed by Bruner himself and then —in an attempt to “straighten the teeth” of Brunefs position —compares these ideas with corresponding themes in the work of the Russian thinker Evald Ilyenkov. Finally, the chapter by Jens Brockmeier is a series of observations about still another Russian, the linguist, semiotician, and literary and cultural scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. One reason these chapters take the form they do is that their authors share a certain conviction, that the founders of present- day cognitive science conceived of this field (one that grew out of nineteenthcentury German roots and is now largely centered in Anglo-Saxon countries) in such a narrow and prejudiced way as to make it difficult for their intellectual descendants to make realistic sense of human mentality.
Strong Culturalism
Authors: Bakhurst David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a familiar complaint that the models of the mind that predominate in psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science typically pay insufficient attention to the fact that human beings are social animals, and that human psychological functioning occurs in a cultural setting (e.g., Shatter, 1975, esp. p. 136, Harre and Gillett, 1994). The protest is sometimes designed to undermine the supposed objectivity of psychological research that ignores the sociopolitical context in which it is conducted (e.g., Sarason, 1981). But more often, and more radically, the complaint is made in the course of arguing that to disregard the social or cultural context of our mental lives is to misrepresent the very nature of the mind itself, for mind is an essentially social phenomenon.
Beyond the Mind-Body Problem
Authors: Gelder Timothy van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wilfrid Sellars once famously described philosophy as aiming to understand how things, in the broadest possible sense of the term hang together in the broadest possible sense of the term (Sellars, 1962, p. 37). In the spirit of that suggestion, we can think of philosophy of mind as the attempt to say how minds hang together- how things fit to form minds, and how minds fit with other things. It can hardly be disputed that there are these kinds of fit; in that respect, at least, the world is a coherent place. The philosophical challenge is to understand and elucidate the nature of the fit, such as it is.
Is Cognitive Development Equivalent to Scientific Development?
Authors: Emeling Christina E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of Jean Piaget’s strongest motivations, if not the strongest, for studying intellectual development in children was to get a better grasp of scientific reasoning (see, for example, Piaget, 1970, p. 1). In their book Words, Thoughts, and Theories (1997) Alison Gopnik and Andrew N. Meltzoff take the opposite approach and argue that scientific reasoning provides a model that helps us understand infants’ and young children’s reasoning and cognitive development. According to these authors, the child is not only actively and intelligently exploring its world, as Piaget claimed, but is thinking and acting just like a scientist. The child, like the scientist, creates, tests, and revises theories. In fact, the child in this respect surpasses the normal adult, who is portrayed as a much duller creature.
Afterword: Between Brain and Culture -The Diversity of Mind
Authors: Emeling Christina E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout the history of psychology and, more recently, in cognitive science (e.g., as represented by the chapters in Johnson and Erneling, 1997, and in this book), the fifth and last of these meanings, exclusive choice, has been at the center of the debate about the scientific study of the mind. Several of the authors in this volume (e.g., Rom Harre, Jerome Bruner) point to the more than hundred-yearold opposition between Naturwissenschaften and Geisteswissenschaften and to Wundt’s division between experimental and folk psychology and then claim that we still ought to be basing our understanding of mind on some such proposed division. They, like Jans Brockmeier and David Bakhurst (part VI), support some sort of cultural psychology. By contrast, others discuss the possible reduction of all supposed aspects of cultural or folk psychology either to neurophysiology or to cognitive psychology (especially parts III and V). Still other authors propose to accept various different kinds of dualism (part II). Yet neither the approaches and theories that take their starting points from the cultural sciences nor the ones that are linked to the brain and cognitive sciences have successfully made the case that they really are capable of providing even tentative answers to all the central questions that concern the mind and its activities.
All Shook Up
Authors: Altschuler Glenn C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The birth of rock ’n roll ignited a firestorm of controversy—one critic called it “musical riots put to a switchblade beat”—but if it generated much sound and fury, what, if anything, did it signify? As Glenn Altschuler reveals in All Shook Up, the rise of rock ’n roll—and the outraged reception to it—in fact can tell us a lot about the values of the United States in the 1950s, a decade that saw a great struggle for the control of popular culture. Altschuler shows, in particular, how rock’s “switchblade beat” opened up wide fissures in American society along the fault-lines of family, sexuality, and race. For instance, the birth of rock coincided with the Civil Rights movement and brought “race music” into many white homes for the first time. Elvis freely credited blacks with originating the music he sang and some of the great early rockers were African American, most notably, Little Richard and Chuck Berry. In addition, rock celebrated romance and sex, rattled the reticent by pushing sexuality into the public arena, and mocked deferred gratification and the obsession with work of men in gray flannel suits. And it delighted in the separate world of the teenager and deepened the divide between the generations, helping teenagers differentiate themselves from others. Altschuler includes vivid biographical sketches of the great rock ’n rollers, including Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Buddy Holly—plus their white-bread doppelgangers such as Pat Boone. Rock ’n roll seemed to be everywhere during the decade, exhilarating, influential, and an outrage to those Americans intent on wishing away all forms of dissent and conflict. As vibrant as the music itself, All Shook Up reveals how rock ‘n roll challenged and changed American culture and laid the foundation for the social upheaval of the sixties.
The Age of Rodgers and Hart
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within a few months of their initial meeting Rodgers and Hart managed to get one of their songs interpolated into a professional show, “Any Old Place with You” (A Lonely Romeo, 1919). The following year they discovered on opening night that their first Broadway score, Poor Little Ritz Girl, had been reduced to about a half dozen songs (the rest, by the well-established Sigmund Romberg, had been inserted surreptitiously). For the next five years Rodgers and Hart endured a discouraging apprentice period in which they composed twelve amateur shows, most of which disappeared after a single viewing. On the brink of quitting, they scored a surprise success with the Theatre Guild’s fund-raiser revue, The Garrick Gaieties (1925), a show that also introduced their first hit song, “Manhattan: originally composed for the unproduced Winkle Town in 1922. For the next three years Rodgers and Hart surpassed all other teams in productivity and popular runs. The prolific and insightful Broadway historian Ethan Mordden sets the stage for the present collection with a survey of Rodgers and Hart’s principal shows among the fourteen that appeared in the last half of the 1920s, the first decade of what Mordden designates “the golden age” of the American musical (1920-1970). Mordden waxes enthusiastically about Rodgers and Hart’s first book show, the Revolutionary War costume drama, Dearest Enemy (1925), “a comedy of contemporary manners burlesquing a comedy of bygone manners,” the strikingly original Peggy-Ann (1926), which “typifies the musical’s unending quest for new forms: and Heads Up! (1929), where “the inventions simply tumble over themselves: He also perceives dramatic infelicities in shows that offered fine scores, for example The Girl Friend (1926) and A Connecticut Yankee (1927).
Chee-Chee, The Castration Musical
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
small it couldn’t have made any difference. Perhaps he was too ill for anything to have saved him. His poor body had taken such a beating in his short life-he was forty-eight-and his resistance was very low. He remained unconscious all the time he was in the hospital, and on the fourth night, just as the lights went out for a wartime practice blackout, he died. (Later when M-G-M made a movie called Words and Music about Dick and Larry, they fictionalized another ending for the story because they said no one would believe what really happened. It was too dramatic for Hollywood.) in some respects the forgotten Chee-Chee marks a crossroads in the career of Rodgers and Hart. In Rodgers’s four letters to Dorothy from September 1 to 17, 1928, the first letter written in New York and the others during the Philadelphia tryouts, he spoke proudly about this innovative work: “No matter what happens to us commercially we’ve accomplished what we’ve been after for years:’ Throughout these letters Rodgers conveys a mixture of enthusiasm and trepidation about how the work would be received. On September 7 he wrote that “there are doubts as to its financial future and its reception by the New York press... but I know we’ve done something fine at last:’ On September 12 he wrote that “the show is the best musical thing I’ve ever seen:’ In the final letter he emphasized the varied press response and the views of the letter-writing public. Although no future Rodgers and Hart show came close to matching the popular debacle of Chee-Chee, the next three years were marked by less artistic daring (e.g., Spring Is Here, 1929), a sharp drop in quantity (a total of four shows), and only one unqualified popular success, the London production.
Cover Story: “The Boys from Columbia”
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1925 George Gershwin gained the distinction as the first composer, and first American, to make the cover of Time magazine, then only two years in existence. By September 1938 Gershwin had been dead a little over a year. From their return to Broadway in 1935 withJumbo until their final show seven years later, By Jupiter, the only consistent challenger to Rodgers and Hart was Cole Porter (who never did get his picture on the cover of Time). Although the Depression had so debilitated Broadway that the number of shows had ground to a virtual halt in 1937 and 1938, Rodgers and Hart had enjoyed an impressive run of consecutive hits, including On Your Toes in 1936, Babes in Arms and I’d Rather Be Right in 1937, and / Married an Angel earlier in 1938. “The Boys from Columbia’’ naturally focuses on The Boys from Syracuse, then on the eve of its November opening-it even includes previously unpublished lyric samples from three songs. In its sketch of Rodgers and Hart’s career from Garrick Gaieties through the recent Hollywood years, Time emphasizes the team’s originality and innovation and concludes that “nobody ever fused words and music more effectively than Rodgers & Hart.” The profile also introduces the Credo that Rodgers would espouse for the rest of his career: “The one possible formula was: Don’t have a formula; the one rule for success: Don’t follow it up:’ Time misspoke when it reported that George Abbott had “pitched out every line of Shakespeare’s dialogue, because he likes his own better:’ Abbott did, in fact, retain several lines from Shakespeare, most famously near the end of the evening when the Seeress proclaims that “the venom clamours of a jealous woman poisons more deadly than a mad dog’s tooth:’ Rodgers writes in Musical Stages (p. 191) that “Lest anyone unfamiliar with the classics accept this as a sentence he had thought up all by himself, George had Jimmy Savo follow it by sticking his head out from the wings and proudly announcing to the audience: ‘Shakespeare!”‘ The Time cover is reproduced on page 9.
The Theatre Guild Presents Oklahoma! and Carousel
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
n his autobiographical The Magic Curtain, Lawrence Langner (1890-1962), a founding member of the Theatre Guild, whose fund-raiser in 1925 created the opportunity for the initial success of Rodgers and Hart, expresses his gratitude that the success of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma! saved the Guild from precarious financial straits brought about by World War II. He also conveys his view that their Theatre Guild sequel, Carousel, developed into “the finest American musical play of our time: In one final paragraph Langner addresses the failure of the Guild’s third Rodgers and Hammerstein show, Allegro, a failure he attributes to the production rather than the essential artistic material. Langner describes the long and difficult fund-raising process for Oklahoma!, surveying the changes made during the out-of-town tryouts and numerous insider details related to the production history of both Oklahoma! and Carousel. He also offers insights into the working methods and character of Rodgers and Hammerstein, concluding that it is a “generous endowment of friendliness for others which has been at the base of Oscar’s poetic quality in his verse, and of Dick’s popular appeal in his music.” Theresa Helburn (1887-1959), the Theatre Guild’s executive director, revisits this material in her autobiography, A Wayward Quest (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960), 281-95.
“R. ancl H”
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this excerpt, Agnes de Mille (1905-1993), the choreographer of Oklahoma! and Carousel, and Allegro’s director-choreographer, recalls how Rodgers (in contrast to Aaron Copland in Rodeo) gave her considerable initiative in determining a detailed scenario for the ballet music in Oklahoma! and how Rodgers tacitly approved her decision to set the death struggle of Curly and Jud at the end of the central ballet in silence. Readers also learn that the “dramatic invention” required in Carousel’s second act ballet “represented probably the hardest challenge” of de Mille’s career to date.* De Mille focuses on the diverse individual personalities and artistic partnership of Rodgers and Hammerstein. She attributes their unique effectiveness to “their professional watchfulness” as well as their talent, and expresses her admiration for a professionalism and insight that enabled them to dispassionately discard whatever it took to make the second act of ‘‘De Mille’s other major Broadway success from this period was One Touch of Venus (music by Kurt Weill, lyrics by Ogden Nash, book by S. J. Perelman and Nash). Venus, which starred Mary Martin and Kenny Baker, opened a few months after Oklahoma! On October 7, 1943, and ran alongside its blockbusting predecessor for 567 performances, a smaller but nonetheless impressive popular success.