bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1D Polyoxometalate‐based Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Derived from ß‐Octamolybdate — Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [CoII(2, 2′‐bipy)2]2[Mo8O26]
Authors: Wang Chun‐Mei , Zeng Qing‐Xin , Zhang Jie , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA polyoxometalate‐based inorganic–organic hybrid compound [CoII(2, 2′‐bpy)2]2[Mo8O26] (1) was synthesized by hydrothermal methods and structurally characterized by IR spectrum, TG analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, a = 10.0681(2), b = 16.4467(2), c = 15.7838(3) Å, β = 100.046(1)°, V = 2573.52(8) Å3, Z = 2. The structure of 1 is built up from β‐[Mo8O26]4− subunits covalently linked via [CoII(2, 2′‐bpy)2]2+ fragments into a infinite 1D {[CoII(2, 2′‐bpy)2]2[Mo8O26]}∞ polymer.
Syntheses of the Antimonides R2Sb− (R = Ph, Mes, tBu, tBu2Sb) and Sb73− by Reactions of Organoantimony Hydrides or cyclo‐(tBuSb)4 with Li, Na, K, or BuLi
Authors: Breunig H. J. , Ghesner M. E. , Lork E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractReactions of R2SbH with BuLi at −70 °C in tetrahydrofuran (thf) lead to [R2SbLi(thf)3] [R = Ph (1) or R = Mes (2)]. The antimonides [tBu2SbK(pmdeta)] (3) (pmdeta = pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), [Li(tmeda)2][tBu4Sb3]·benzene (4) (tmeda = tetramethylethylenediamine), and [tBu4Sb3Na(tmeda, thf)] (5) result from the reduction of cyclo‐(tBuSb)4 by Li, Na, or K with pmdeta or tmeda in thf. The primary stibanes RSbH2 [R = Mes (6), 2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H2 (7)] are synthesized by reactions of RSbCl2 with LiAlH4. PhSbH2 reacts with BuLi, and tmeda in toluene to give [Sb7Li3(tmeda)3]·toluene (8). [Sb7Na3(pmdeta)3]·toluene (9) is obtained from PhSbH2, Na in liqu. NH3, pmdeta and toluene. Crystal structures are reported for 1–5 and 9.
Solvent Effect on the Ligand Exchange between Bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)copper(II) and Bis(diethyldiselenocarbamato)copper(II)
Authors: Yordanov Nicola D. , Dimitrova Anna 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEPR and spectrophotometric study on the products of ligand‐exchange taking place on mixing bis(diethyldiselenocarbamato)copper(II), [Cu(Et2dsc)2], and bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)copper(II), [Cu(Et2dtc)2], solutions is reported. EPR spectra monitored at room temperature for one month period reveal a stable equilibrium among the parents (chromophores CuS4and CuSe4) and the obtained mixed‐chelate [Cu(Et2dtc)(Et2dsc)] complex (chromophore CuS2Se2) in heptane, hexane, benzene, toluene, acetone, DMFA, DMSO and dichloromethane. In CCl4and CHCl3two new additional EPR spectra appear attributed to the mixed‐chelate complexes with the chromophores CuSSe3and CuS3Se which are not observed with electronic spectroscopy. The intensities of all five EPR spectra decrease with the time. It is assumed that the new mixed‐chelates observed in CCl4and CHCl3are obtained in a reaction of [Cu(Et2dtc)(Et2dsc)] or [Cu(Et2dtc)2] with the ester of diselenocarbamic acid which is formed in a parallel reaction of [Cu(dsc)2]with CCl4or CHCl3.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures of new Coordination Polymers of Cerium(III) and Samarium(III) Containing 2,6‐Pyridinedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Rafizadeh Masoud , Amani Vahid , Iravani Effat , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (1, LH2) with CeCl3·7H2O and Sm(NO3)3·6H2O in the presence of triethylamine led to the coordination polymer complexes [M(L)(LH)(H2O)2]·4H2O [M = Ce (2) and Sm (3)]. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and the crystal structures of 2 and 3. Crystal data for 2 at −80 °C: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1404.6(1), b = 1122.1(1), c = 1296.1(1) pm, β = 102.09(1)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0217 and for 3 at −80 °C: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1395.1(1), b = 1120.1(1), c = 1282.8(1) pm, β = 102.71(1)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.019.
Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Dimeric {[(AMTTO)2Ag]NO3}2 (AMTTO = 4‐Amino‐6‐methyl‐1, 2, 4‐triazine‐3(2H)‐thione‐5‐one)
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Tabatabaee Masomeh , Mirrokni Zohreh , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐Amino‐6‐methyl‐1, 2, 4‐triazine‐3(2H)‐thione‐5‐one (AMTTO, 1) with silver nitrate in methanol led to the dimeric complex {[(AMTTO)2Ag]NO3}2 (2). 2 was characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy as well as by X‐ray structure analysis. Crystal data for 2 at −80 °C: crystal system orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 1043.6(1), b = 1329.6(1), c = 2358.4(1) pm, Z = 8 and R1 = 0.037. The cation possesses a highly distorted linear coordination sphere in the solid state.
cDNA‐AFLP reveals genes differentially expressed during the hypersensitive response of cassava
Authors: KEMP BENJAMIN P. , BEECHING JOHN R. , COOPER RICHARD M. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARYThe tropical staple cassava is subject to several major diseases, such as cassava bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. Disease‐resistant genotypes afford the only practical solution, yet despite the global importance of this crop, little is known about its defence mechanisms. cDNA‐AFLP was used to isolate cassava genes differentially expressed during the hypersensitive reaction (HR) of leaves in response to an incompatible Pseudomonas syringae pathovar. Seventy‐eight transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) showing differential expression (c. 75% up‐regulated, 25% down‐regulated) were identified. Many encoded putative homologues of known defence‐related genes involved in signalling (e.g. calcium transport and binding, ACC oxidases and a WRKY transcription factor), cell wall strengthening (e.g. cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase and peroxidase), programmed cell death (e.g. proteases, 26S proteosome), antimicrobial activity (e.g. proteases and β‐1,3‐glucanases) and the production of antimicrobial compounds (e.g. DAHP synthase and cytochrome P450s). Full‐length cDNAs including a probable matrix metalloprotease and a WRKY transcription factor were isolated from six TDFs. RT‐PCR or Northern blot analysis showed HR‐induced TDFs were maximally expressed at 24 h, although some were produced by 6 h; some were induced, albeit more slowly, in response to wounding. This work begins to reveal potential defence‐related genes of this understudied, major crop.
ER retrieval of Avr9 compromises its elicitor activity consistent with perception of Avr9 at the plasma membrane
Authors: WILSON RYAN J. , BAILLIE BRETT K. , JONES DAVID A. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARYThe discovery of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif at the C‐terminus of the predicted Cf‐9 resistance protein suggested that Cf‐9 might function in the ER. To test whether Cf‐9 could detect its cognate avirulence protein, Avr9, from the ER, variants of Avr9 with the ER retrieval motifs KDEL or HDEL were transiently expressed in Cf‐9 tobacco. Cf‐9‐mediated necrosis in response to Avr9 tagged at the C‐terminus with the KDEL motif was substantially delayed compared with unmodified Avr9. Interestingly, necrosis was completely abolished when Avr9 was tagged with the HDEL motif. Introduction of the S5A mutation, which destroys the sole N‐linked glycosylation site of Avr9, ruled out the possibility that an ER‐specific pattern of glycosylation prevented a response to the KDEL or HDEL variants of Avr9. These results suggest that Avr9 is perceived at the plasma membrane. They also suggest that HDEL is a more effective ER retrieval motif than KDEL in tobacco.
Assessing microvessels and angiogenesis in human breast cancer, using VE‐cadherin
Authors: Martin T A , Watkins G , Lane J , Jiang W G 
Published: March 2005

Aims : Vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin, also known as cadherin‐5 and CD144, is an adhesion molecule uniquely expressed in endothelial cells. We hypothesized that VE‐cadherin may be a useful marker for assessing microvessels and angiogenesis in human breast cancer and sought to determine whether a correlation exists between levels of VE‐cadherin, angiogenic markers factor VIII and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)‐1 and patient outcome in breast cancer.Methods and results : Frozen sections from breast cancer primary tumours (tumour n = 114, background n = 30) were immunostained with VE‐cadherin, factor VIII and PECAM‐1 antibodies and microvessel number was assessed. RNA was reverse transcribed and analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR). VE‐cadherin immunostaining showed a significant difference in microvessel number in tumour compared with background. There was no significant difference in the number of microvessels stained with PECAM‐1 or factor VIII; there was increased staining of other structures within the sample and higher general background staining. Q‐PCR revealed elevated levels of VE‐cadherin and PECAM‐1 in tumour samples compared with background tissue and in patients with a poor prognosis, as determined by the Nottingham Prognostic Index. There was no difference in levels with factor VIII. Both VE‐cadherin and PECAM‐1 had significantly reduced expression in lobular compared with ductal carcinomas: there was no difference with factor VIII.Conclusion : Higher levels of angiogenic marker molecules in breast cancer may have an association with poor prognosis in patients. Moreover, VE‐cadherin appears to be a preferable marker for such analysis.
Real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization are complementary to understand the mechanisms involved in HER‐2/neu overexpression in human breast carcinomas
Authors: Vanden Bempt I , Vanhentenrijk V , Drijkoningen M , Wlodarska I , Vandenberghe P , De Wolf‐Peeters C 
Published: March 2005

Aims : To evaluate the HER‐2/neu status at the mRNA and DNA level of breast carcinomas and to compare it with HER‐2/neu receptor overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods and results : In 32 invasive breast carcinomas, frozen tissue was available for real‐time detection of HER‐2/neu mRNA levels by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Corresponding paraffin sections were examined by IHC and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH). Thereby, different IHC and FISH procedures were compared. Using microwave epitope retrieval, all 32 cases scored 3+ on IHC, whereas only 28 out of 32 cases scored IHC 3+ using water bath epitope retrieval. All of these 28 cases showed increased levels of HER‐2/neu mRNA. Dual‐colour FISH analysis showed corresponding gene amplification in all 28 cases, with two cases showing a peculiar amplification pattern. In the remaining four cases, scoring IHC 2+ using water bath epitope retrieval, mRNA levels were not elevated. Three cases did not have gene amplification and one case showed low‐level HER‐2/neu gene amplification. All four carcinomas showed chromosome 17 polysomy.Conclusions : Real‐time RT‐PCR is accurate in selecting breast carcinoma cases scoring 3+ by IHC with high‐level gene amplification. Results obtained by dual‐colour FISH suggest that mechanisms leading to HER‐2/neu receptor overexpression may be different between carcinomas scoring 2+ and 3+ on IHC, with polysomy 17 found in the former and gene amplification in the latter.
Effect of Alpha‐Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid on Bovine Oocyte in Vitro Maturation
Authors: Dalvit G , Llanes SP , Descalzo A , Insani M , Beconi M , Cetica P 
Published: March 2005

Contents In vitro culture results in higher oxygen concentrations than in vivo environments, leading to an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Alpha‐tocopherol (active form of vitamin E) is an antioxidant that protects mammalian cells against lipid peroxidation, which is regenerated by ascorbic acid. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of alpha‐tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid to the maturation medium on bovine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequently on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in Medium 199 (control), and with the addition of alpha‐tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid. The concentration of alpha‐tocopherol in COCs was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). IVF and in vitro culture (IVC) were carried out in modified synthetic oviductal fluid (mSOF). The quantity of alpha‐tocopherol naturally present in COCs diminished by half during IVM (p < 0.05), although in the presence of ascorbic acid it remained constant. A greater amount of alpha‐tocopherol was detected in COCs matured in medium supplemented with this antioxidant (p < 0.05), but the addition of alpha‐tocopherol plus ascorbic acid maintained higher levels of alpha‐tocopherol (p < 0.05). Significant differences were not observed in the percentages of nuclear maturation and fertilization among different treatments. The presence of alpha‐tocopherol or ascorbic acid in the maturation medium failed to modify the percentage of blastocysts obtained, unlike the addition of both antioxidants when a significant decrease was observed (p < 0.05). Absorbic acid maintained the antioxidant capacity of the alpha‐tocopherol incorporated to COC membranes during IVM. The active form of vitamin E during maturation impaired the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence.
Ovum Pick‐up in Cycling and Lactating Postpartum Swamp Buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis)
Authors: Promdireg A , Adulyanubap W , Singlor J , Na‐Chiengmai A , Techakumphu M 
Published: March 2005

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Ovum Pick Up (OPU) in cycling (n = 5) and lactating, postpartum, swamp buffaloes (n = 6) with and without gonadotropin stimulation. The OPU was performed every two weeks in all groups of animals, for a total of six sessions. Thirty collections were performed in five cycling buffaloes and 36 collections in six lactating postpartum buffaloes. Buffaloes that received hormonal stimulation were given a total of 400 mg, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), administered twice daily over 3 days in decreasing doses, together with 100 μg of GnRH, 24 h after the last FSH injection. Following a resting period of 1 month, the two groups of buffaloes, were subjected to the same OPU regimen, but without any hormonal treatment for an additional six OPU sessions. The number of aspirated follicles recorded from the hormonal stimulated, cycling animals and lactating, postpartum buffaloes was not significantly different, 7.2 ± 3.7 and 9.0 ± 3.2, respectively (p > 0.05). Recovered oocytes collected from the two groups of hormonally stimulated animals were also not statistically different: 3.7 ± 2.7 in the cycling and 5.9 ± 3.5 in the lactating postpartum group (p > 0.05). In the two groups of buffaloes not receiving hormonal stimulation, the number of aspirated follicles was not significantly different: 2.1 ± 1.4 and 1.4 ± 0.7 in cycling and lactating postpartum buffaloes respectively (p > 0.05). Recovered oocytes in the non‐treated groups were also similar: 1.4 ± 1.3 vs 0.7 ± 0.8 in cycling and lactating buffaloes (p > 0.05). Among stimulated buffaloes, most aspirated follicles were small in size (≤5 mm), whereas they were mostly medium and large sizes in the non‐treated buffaloes. The oocyte recovery rate in both the groups, cycling and lactating postpartum, were 51.6% and 69.5% in stimulated groups and 55.0% and 53.1% in non‐stimulated groups (p > 0.05). The majority of recovered oocytes were single‐ and multi‐layered, and the number was greater in the cycling than in the lactating, postpartum buffaloes. The number and quality of recovered oocytes was similar in all groups of buffaloes whether they were received or did not receive hormonal stimulation. Moreover no difference was found in multi‐ and single‐layered oocytes between cycling and lactating, postpartum buffaloes. In conclusion, OPU can be performed successfully in swamp buffalo in different reproductive status and FSH administration was shown to increase the number of aspirated oocytes in both cycling and lactating, postpartum buffaloes.
Covert attention in touch: Behavioral and ERP evidence for costs and benefits
Authors: Forster Bettina , Eimer Martin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism underlying tactile spatial attention, reaction times (RTs) and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to mechanical stimuli delivered to the hands. At the start of each trial cues indicated either the correct (valid) or incorrect (invalid) tactile stimulus location or were uninformative (neutral). RT costs (suppression of invalid compared to neutral trials) were found to be larger than benefits (enhancement of valid compared to neutral trials). ERPs showed that costs and benefits contribute equally to attentional modulations of the somatosensory N140 component, whereas these were largely due to costs at longer latencies. These results differ from the pattern of attentional ERP modulations previously found for vision and audition, where costs precede benefits, and therefore suggest that the mechanisms of attentional selectivity in touch might be different from attentional processes in other modalities.
On the ERN and the significance of errors
Authors: Hajcak Greg , Moser Jason S. , Yeung Nick , Simons Robert F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is an event‐related brain potential observed when subjects commit errors. To examine whether the ERN is sensitive to the value of errors, the motivational significance of errors was manipulated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, low and high monetary value errors were compared to evaluate the effect of trial value on the ERN. In Experiment 2, subjects performed a flanker task both while their performance was being evaluated and during a control condition. Consistent with the notion that the error‐detection system is sensitive to the significance of errors, the ERN was significantly larger on high‐value trials in Experiment 1 and during evaluation in Experiment 2. There were no corresponding effects on the correct response negativity, and no behavioral differences between conditions were evident in either experiment. These results are discussed in terms of the functional role of the ERN in response monitoring.
Brain potentials associated with expected and unexpected good and bad outcomes
Authors: Hajcak Greg , Holroyd Clay B. , Moser Jason S. , Simons Robert F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is an event‐related brain potential observed when subjects receive feedback indicating errors or monetary losses. Evidence suggests that the ERN is larger for unexpected negative feedback. The P300 has also been shown to be enhanced for unexpected feedback, but does not appear to be sensitive to feedback valence. The present study evaluated the role of expectations on the ERN and P300 in two experiments that manipulated the probability of negative feedback (25%, 50%, or 75%) on a trial‐by‐trial basis in experiment 1, and by varying the frequency of positive and negative feedback across blocks of trials in experiment 2. In both experiments, P300 amplitude was larger for unexpected feedback; however, the ERN was equally large for expected and unexpected negative feedback. These results are discussed in terms of the potential role of expectations in processing errors and negative feedback.
Organizational culture and performance – evidence from the fast food restaurant industry
Authors: Øgaard Torvald , Larsen Svein , Marnburg Einar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between organizational culture and the performance of managers in the restaurant industry. We also introduce the managers’ job efficacy and commitment to the organization as variables intervening between organizational culture and performance. Data were collected in a restaurant/fast food operation which included franchisees as well as employed managers. Results suggest that there are relationships between culture and manager's efficacy and organizational commitment, and that some cultural aspects are related to performance variables such as personnel cost and additional sales. In addition, managers’ commitment and efficacy are also related to performance.
New strategies in insulin treatment: analogues and noninvasive routes of administration
Authors: Rungby Jørgen , Brock Birgitte , Schmitz Ole 
Published: March 2005

AbstractRecent years have seen the development of alternatives to human insulin for the treatment of diabetes. Both rapid‐acting and long‐acting analogues are available. Alternative routes of insulin administration are emerging. The present review briefly summarizes the present knowledge on insulin analogues and alternative administration routes.
A Model Study of the Spectral Structure of Boundary-Driven Rossby Waves and Related Altimetric Implications
Authors: Pierini Stefano 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A two-layer primitive equation box model of the North Pacific Ocean is used to highlight and analyze some general aspects of the linear large-scale boundary-driven oceanic variability that are detectable through altimeter observations. The model is forced by a white-noise wind, and a spectral analysis of the zonal and meridional, barotropic and baroclinic velocity components is carried out. Several dynamical features are identified in terms of boundary-driven Rossby waves, and their spatial structure and frequency dependence are examined theoretically and discussed in connection with recent studies based on altimeter data. In particular, the following aspects of the variability are analyzed: 1) beta-refracted baroclinic Rossby waves, which are found to be generated along the eastern boundary of the ocean by the passage of coastal Kelvin waves originating from the equatorial waveguide, and 2) westward-intensified barotropic Rossby waves, which originate from the western boundary of the ocean after reflection of longer waves generated in midocean. In the discussion the stress is put on dynamical aspects not yet fully understood and on the possibility that altimetry can provide further insight into their functioning.
Reinforcement of Metallic Plates with Composite Materials
Authors: Shokrieh Mahmood M. , Omidi Majid J. 
Published: March 2005

The main aim of this research is to study the reinforcement of cracked metallic plates with carbon/epoxy composite materials. In order to simulate the mechanical behavior of the cracked aluminum plate, a closed-form solution and MSC/Nastran finite element package is used. Considering the size and position of the crack, the number of layers and the fiber orientation for each layer of the composite material patch are obtained. Also, the suitable area of the patch for reinforcement of the cracked plate is studied. The results of the analysis show that the magnitude of stresses in the cracked area after reinforcement decreases dramatically. Therefore, the cracked plate is successfully reinforced by using composite patches. The strength of the aluminum plate reinforced with composite patch under static loading condition is studied. To evaluate the results of the analysis, an experimental program is conducted. The results of experiments show a very good agreement with the results obtained by the closed-form solution and the finite element analysis. The aluminum plate is reinforced on one side. Therefore an unsymmetrical reinforcement is obtained. This type of reinforcement is applicable for plates having only one side available for repair. In order to avoid galvanic corrosion between the carbon/epoxy composite and the aluminum plate, one layer of glass/epoxy composite is used as the first layer.