Supplemental Material: Three-dimensional finite-element modeling of Coulomb stress changes on normal and thrust faults caused by pore fluid pressure changes and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation
Authors: Peikert Jill , al. et 
Published: November 2023

<p><strong>Figure 3.</strong> (interactive). (A– C) Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from the normal fault reference models with pore fluid pressure changes and viscoelastic relaxation (R1<sub>nf</sub>) (A), with pore fluid pressure changes but without viscoelastic relaxation (R2<sub>nf</sub>) (B), and with viscoelastic relaxation but without pore fluid pressure changes (R3<sub>nf</sub>) (C). SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. The fault planes are 40 km long and 18 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. (D) Horizontal velocity field in the x-direction and vertical velocity field in the three normal fault reference models. Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure.<strong> Figure 4.</strong> (interactive). (A–C) PostseismicCoulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from the thrust fault reference models with pore fluid pressure changes and viscoelastic relaxation (R1<sub>tf</sub>) (A), with pore fluid pressure changes but without viscoelastic relaxation (R2<sub>tf</sub>) (B), and with viscoelastic relaxation but without pore fluid pressure changes (R3<sub>tf</sub>) (C). SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. The fault planes are 40 km long and 31 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. (D) Horizontal velocity field in the x-direction and vertical velocity field in the three thrust fault reference models. Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. <strong>Figure 5.</strong> (interactive). (A–C) Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from normal fault models with a permeability of 10−10 m<sup>2</sup> (P1nf) (A), 10−14 m2 (P2<sub>nf</sub>) (B), and 10−16 m<sup>2</sup> (P3<sub>nf</sub>) (C) for the upper crust than in the reference model. SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. The fault planes are 40 km long and 18 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. (D) Horizontal velocity field in the x-direction and vertical velocity field in models P1<sub>nf</sub>, P2<sub>nf</sub>, and P3<sub>nf</sub>. Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. <strong>Figure 6.</strong> (interactive). (A– C) Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from thrust fault models with a permeability of 10−10 m2 (P1<sub>tf</sub>) (A), 10−14 m2 (P2<sub>tf</sub>) (B), and 10−16 m2 (P3<sub>tf</sub>) (C). SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. The fault planes are 40 km long and 31 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. (D) Horizontal velocity field in the x-direction and vertical velocity field in models P1<sub>tf</sub>, P2<sub>tf</sub>, and P3<sub>tf</sub>. Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. <strong>Figure 7.</strong> (interactive). (A,B) Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from normal fault models with lower viscosity (V1<sub>nf</sub>; 1018 Pa∙s) (A) and higher viscosity (V2<sub>nf</sub>; 1022 Pa∙s) (B) for the lower crust than in the reference model. SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. The fault planes are 40 km long and 18 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. (C,D) Horizontal velocity field in the x-direction and vertical velocity field in models V1<sub>nf</sub> (C) and V2<sub>nf</sub> (D). Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. <strong>Figure 8. </strong>(interactive). (A,B) Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from thrust fault models with lower viscosity (V1<sub>tf</sub>; 1018 Pa∙s) (A) and higher viscosity (V2<sub>tf</sub>; 1022 Pa∙s) (B) for the lower crust than in the reference model. SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. The fault planes are 40 km long and 31 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. (C,D) Horizontal velocity field in the x-direction and vertical velocity field in models V1<sub>tf</sub> (C) and V2<sub>tf</sub> (D). Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. <strong>Figure 9. </strong>(interactive). Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from normal fault models with end- member configurations combining high permeability of the upper crust with low viscosity of the lower crust (PV1<sub>nf</sub>) (A), low permeability with low viscosity (PV2<sub>nf</sub>) (B), high permeability with high viscosity (PV3<sub>nf</sub>) (C), and low permeability with high viscosity (PV4<sub>nf</sub>) (D). SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. The fault planes are 40 km long and 18 km wide (see Fig. 2a). Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. <strong>Figure 10.</strong> (interactive). Postseismic Coulomb stress changes (ΔCFS) from thrust fault models with end- member configurations combining high permeability of the upper crust with low viscosity of the lower crust (PV1<sub>tf</sub>) (A), low permeability with low viscosity (PV2<sub>tf</sub>) (B), high permeability with high viscosity (PV3<sub>tf</sub>) (C), and low permeability with high viscosity (PV4<sub>tf</sub>) (D). The fault planes are 40 km long and 31 km wide (see Fig. 2a). SF—source fault; RF—receiver fault. Thin black lines indicate the zero lines of the Coulomb stress changes. Distances between faults in fault array are not to scale. Please open the figure in Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader to interactively view the different layers in this figure. </p>