bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Results of Colonic Flat Epithelial Neoplasms Removal Using Diathermic Snare Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Mucosectomy Combined with Dissection in the Submucosal Layer: Comparative Assessment
Authors: Fedorenko A. A. , Pavlov P. V. , Kiryukhin A. P. , Tertychnyy A. S. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: to compare the immediate outcomes of removing colonic flat epithelial neoplasms by using diathermic snare endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and mucosectomy with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Materials and methods. Ninety-six endoscopic procedures were conducted on the colon of 93 patients with flat epithelial neoplasms. The mean age of patients was 64.9 ± 10.7 years, with an age range of 39 to 88 years. The size range of epithelial neoplasms was 20 to 70 mm, with a median of 37.4 ± 14.8 mm. Only patients with benign epithelial neoplasms were included in the study since patients with suspected malignancy in laterally spreading tumors are indicated for ESD intervention to avoid fragmentary excision and risk of colorectal cancer progression due to possible positive resection margins. The patients were separated into two equally sized groups and treated with EMR and ESD methods.Results. Epithelial neoplasms in the ESD group had an average size of 41.6 ± 15 mm while those in the EMR group had an average size of 33.1 ± 13.5 mm. The ESD group had an average intervention time of 143.6 ± 102.9 min, whereas the EMR group had an average intervention time of 52.6 ± 34.4 min. Both groups (96 adenomas) had a total of 10 (10.4 %) patients who experienced colonic perforations during the intervention, with 4 (4.1 %) cases observed in the EMR group and 6 (6.2 %) in the ESD group. No statistically significant differences were identified in the occurrence of perforations during the operation (p = 0.7401). ESD resulted in an en bloc removal rate of 44/48 (91.6 %), whereas EMR only achieved a rate of 14/48 (29.1 %).Conclusion. Endoscopic mucosectomy with submucosal dissection (ESD), in contrast to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with diathermic snare, provides a higher frequency of tumor removal en bloc, regardless of tumor size, but is characterized by a longer duration of intervention (p < 0.0001). In the ESD group, there were twice as many intraoperative bleedings (p = 0.0061) due to the longer duration and technical complexity of the procedure. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of late complications between the groups (p = 0.9999). Local recurrence of adenoma developed in two patients (4.1 %) after pEMR, statistically significant differences were noted (p < 0.0006).
Cytokines in Liver Cirrhosis (Their Importance in Assessing Activity and Decompensation)
Authors: Mirodzhov G. K. , Pulatova S. D. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: studying the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis progression.Materials and methods. The material of the study was the data of clinical-instrumental, biochemical, virological studies of 109 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologty, who were hospitalized in the clinic of the Institute of Gastroenterology (Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan). The diagnosis of the underlying disease was established according to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Society for the Study of the Liver and the Russian Gastroenterological Association for the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and their complications (2021); decompensated liver cirrhosis was established according to the 1996 Child — Pugh classification. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 79 years (36.9 ± 0.8 years), there were 55 men and 54 women.Results. Among the examined patients, compensated liver cirrhosis (Class A) according to Child — Pugh was detected in 18 persons, subcompensated (Class B) — in 14, decompensated (Class C) — in 77. The study of the content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood serum of patients with Class A liver cirrhosis showed, that levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2, interleukin-6 were statistically higher compared to healthy individuals, while the concentration of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 was lower (30.7 ± 4.7 pg/mL) in comparison with the control group. In patients with Class B liver cirrhosis, the level of TNF-α increased to 75.0 ± 4.5 pg/mL (p < 0.001), interleukin-2 — to 328.7 ± 23.9 pg/mL (p < 0.05), and interleukin-6 — to 95.4 ± 7.7 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Serum interleukin-10 decreased compared with the control group (23.1 ± 2.8 pg/mL; p > 0.05). At the decompensated stage of Class C cirrhosis, a huge release of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs — the content of TNF-α increases by 80 times, of interleukin-2 — by more than 60 times, аs for interleukin-10, its content is progressively reduced.Conclusion. In liver cirrhosis, there is a significant disruption in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is manifested by a sharp increase in the content of TNF-α, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood serum in liver cirrhosis correlate with the activity and degree of decompensation, which indicates their important role in the pathogenesis and progression of the pathological process.
Two-Stage Treatment of Enterocutaneous Fistulas
Authors: Struchkov V. Yu. , Berelavichus S. V. , Akhtanin E. A. , Gorin D. S. , Dvukhzhilov M. V. , Goev A. A. , Burmistrov A. I. , Markov P. V. , Kriger A. G. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: to determine the most efficient treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas.Materials and methods. Eighty-eight patients with intestinal fistulas underwent a two-stage treatment, including: the first stage — multicomponent therapy, the second stage — reconstructive surgery. Enterocutaneous fistulas were diagnosed in 61 patients, enteroatmospheric fistulas — in 26 patients, and combined fistula (enterocutaneous and enteroatmospheric) — in 1 patient.Results. All 88 patients underwent reconstructive surgery after the multicomponent therapy. Resection of the intestine with a fistula with the formation of an entero-entero anastomosis was performed in 72 (81.8 %) patients; marginal resection of the intestine with a fistula, followed by suturing of the defect — in 7 (8.0 %); resection of the intestine with fistulas in combination with excision and suturing of the fistula — in 5 (5.7 %); an operation aimed at disabling the fistula from the passage of intestinal contents — in 3 (3.4 %); resection of the intestine with a fistula in combination with fistula exclusion — in 1 (1.1 %) patient. Postoperative complications in the group of patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas occurred in 13 cases, in the group with enterocutaneous fistulas — in 25 patients. Three (3.4 %) patients with enterocutaneous fistulas died from complications unrelated to the underlying disease and surgical interventions.Conclusion. Two-stage treatment including multicomponent therapy (nutritional support, infection generalization control, local wound treatment) and reconstructive surgery allowed to reduce mortality rates to 3.4 %, which proves the effectiveness of this method.
Practical Aspects of Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis and Therapy of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Expert Opinion
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Osipenko M. F. , Beloborodova E. V. , Livzan M. A. , Khlynov I. B. , Alekseenko S. A. , Sivolap Yu. P. , Tonkikh J. L. , Vasyutin A. V. 
Published: November 2023

Aim:to present the results of an expert discussion of modern aspects of the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Key points.ALD and NAFLD are characterized by high prevalence and have a significant impact on public health. For the diagnosis of liver pathology, it is important to determine the stage of fibrosis and the severity of the exacerbation of the disease. In the treatment of ALD, it is recommended to achieve abstinence, proper nutrition, the appointment of B vitamins, drugs with cytoprotective activity. In severe hepatitis, corticosteroids may be prescribed. In the treatment of NAFLD, diet and lifestyle modification, weight loss, the use of insulin sensitizers, vitamin E, statins (in the presence of hyperlipidemia) and drugs with metabolic activity are effective.Currently, a point of view is being actively expressed about the synergism of the action of alcohol and the metabolic syndrome on the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current international consensus recommends a change in the nomenclature of NAFLD and ALD and proposes the terms “metabolically associated steatotic liver disease” and “metabolically associated alcoholic liver disease”.Conclusion.The closeness of the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of NAFLD and ALD justifies attention to drugs with metabolic activity, which are recommended by the Russian Gastroenterological Association and Russian Scientific Liver Society for the treatment of these diseases. The experts support the suggestion to quantify alcohol consumption in patients with NAFLD in order to change the management of patients, if necessary.
Modern Possibilities of Using Lactulose in Clinical Practice
Authors: Sheptulin A. A. 
Published: November 2023

Aim of the publication. To present an overview of current literature data on the possibilities of application of lactulose in clinical practice.Key findings. Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide belonging to the class of osmotic laxatives. Officially permitted indications for its appointment in Russian Federation are functional constipation (including in children, the elderly and senile, pregnant women and women in postpartum period), an obstipation type of irritable bowel syndrome, the need to soften the consistency of feces in hemorrhoids and anal fissures, after operations on the colon and anorectal area, as well as hepatic encephalopathy. Other indications include preparation for colonoscopy, treatment and prevention of disorders of the intestinal microbiota, prevention of constipation in oncological patients receiving narcotic analgesics, as well as patients on artificial lung ventilation.Conclusion. Lactulose is a highly effective and safe drug, which combines osmotic laxative effect with expressed prebiotic action and is used in a wide clinical practice.
Esophageal Lichen Planus as a Cause of Dysphagia: Literature Review and Clinical Observation
Authors: Dolgushina A. I. , Olevskaya E. R. , Khikhlova A. O. , Saenko A. A. , Belousov S. U. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: to analyze the literature data, and to raise awareness of doctors of various specialties about the methods of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal lichen planus (ELP).Key points. In a 67-year-old female patient with complaints of difficulty swallowing solid food and weight loss, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed subcompensated stenosis of the middle third of the esophagus and signs of fibrinous esophagitis. Based on the characteristics of the endoscopic picture and the detection of apoptotic Ciwatt bodies in esophageal biopsies, a diagnosis of ELP was established. Treatment with glucocorticosteroids led to relief of symptoms and positive endoscopic dynamics. ELP is rare and the least studied, data on this disease in the literature are presented mainly in the form of clinical observations and analysis of series of cases. Typical clinical manifestations include dysphagia and odynophagia. Despite the low prevalence, ELP can be associated with serious complications: stenosis and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic examination reveals characteristic signs in the esophagus: swelling, thickening and increased vulnerability of the mucosa, often with fibrin, formation of membranes and strictures. The histological picture is represented by epithelial dyskeratosis with exfoliation, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration. The most specific histological sign is the presence of apoptotic Civatte bodies. Recommendations for the treatment of ELP are limited to the results of a series of clinical observations and include the prescription of systemic corticosteroids. The issue of supportive therapy is the least studied.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data and the clinical case demonstrate that lichen planus of the esophagus is one of the rare causes of dysphagia. Characteristic endoscopic and histological signs are key for the diagnosis. The management of patients with esophageal lichen planus is insufficiently defined and today includes taking of glucocorticosteroids, endoscopic dilation of stricture and dynamic endoscopic observation, given the high risk of squamous cell carcinoma in this category of patients.
A Case of Medullary Carcinoma of the Jejunum Combined with the Intestinal Lymphangiectasia Accompanied by the Malabsorption Syndrome
Authors: Lobanova O. A. , Trusova D. S. , Afonina M. A. , Varentsoy V. E. , Protsenko D. D. , Kretova N. V. , Serezhnikova N. B. , Peshkova M. A. , Zharkov N. V. , Kochetkova S. E. , Stepanova Yu. Yu. , Shtanev Z. D. , Vekhova K. A. , Yumasheva V. A. , Kolesnikova A. O. , Akan M. , Chanturiya M. O. , Serebrov T. V. , Tertychnyy A. S. , Guski H. , Rudenko E. E. , Demura T. A. , Kogan E. A. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: to present a clinical and morphological observation of an extremely rare combination of medullary carcinoma of the jejunum and intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 33-year-old patient with clinical features of malabsorption syndrome over the 10 years.Key points. An autopsy revealed a tumor formation spreading from the wall of the jejunum to the mesentery, with metastases to the mesenteric lymph nodes. The medullary carcinoma with positive expression of СD117, DOG1, EMA, PanCK, PDL-1, vimentin, mosaic non-intense expression of CA19-9, calretinin, CD10, CDX2, CEA, MUC-5AC, SATB2, and negative reaction to ALK, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD56, chromogranin, CK7, CK20, desmin. The proliferative index was high: Ki-67 > 80 %. Moreover, during the histological examination of the intestinal wall, intestinal lymphangiectasia complicated by the malabsorption syndrome was revealed.Conclusion. The uniqueness of this clinical and morphological case is in the combination of medullary carcinoma of the jejunum metastasized to the mesenteric lymph nodes with the underlying intestinal lymphangiectasia accompanied by the development of malabsorption syndrome.
Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Strawberry Ice Cream Production Plant Proposal in Cuba
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Amaury , Blanco Gómez Yiunan , Sánchez de la Fuente Daimel 
Published: November 2023

Ice cream is a solidified dairy product produced by freezing a pasteurized mixture by stirring to incorporate air and guarantee a uniform consistency. This product is in high demand among people of all ages. In the present work, we used the SuperPro Designer® tool to simulate an industrial-scale strawberry ice-cream production plant located in Cuba with an annual production capacity of approximately 830 ice-cream 10 L containers per batch (1 201 770 L per year). Through simulation, the mass and energy balances were determined, as well as the main economic and profitability indicators of the proposed production process. The unit production cost was USD $ 7.04/container, while the annual net profit was USD $ 980 000. The Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Payback period were USD $ 2 860 000, 24.29 %, and 3.94 years, respectively, which indicate that the proposed strawberry ice-cream production plant is feasible from the technical-economic point of view under the current economic conditions in Cuba.
Does age influence deep overbite correction with Invisalign? A prospective study evaluating mandibular incisor intrusion in adolescents vs adults
Authors: Kravitz Neal D. , Hansa Ismaeel , Vaid Nikhilesh R. , Moshiri Mazyar , Adel Samar M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the accuracy of mandibular incisor intrusion with Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) in adolescents to that in adults.

Materials and Methods
This prospective clinical study included 58 patients treated with either Invisalign Teen or Invisalign Full. Mandibular central and lateral incisors were measured on digital models created from intraoral scans. Predicted values were determined by superimposing the initial and final ClinCheck models, and achieved values were determined by superimposing the initial ClinCheck models and the digital models from the final scans. Individual teeth were superimposed with a best-fit analysis and measured using Compare software (version 8.1; GeoDigm, Falcon Heights, Minn).

Results
The mean accuracies of mandibular incisor intrusion were 63.5% in adolescents and 45.3% in adults, and this difference was statistically significant. The amounts of achieved intrusion were 1.7 mm in adolescents and 0.9 mm in adults, and this difference was also statistically significant. Overall, there was a weak negative correlation between age and accuracy; as age advanced, the accuracy of mandibular incisor intrusion diminished slightly.

Conclusions
Mandibular incisor intrusion with Invisalign is significantly more accurate in adolescents than in adults. Orthodontists could contemplate reducing the degree of overcorrection for mandibular incisor intrusion in adolescents with deep overbites undergoing Invisalign Teen but still implementing the reverse curve of Spee mechanics.
Countering Democratic Disruption Amid The Disinformation Phenomenon Through Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Public Sector
Authors: Mega R.A. Yashinta Sekarwangi 
Published: November 2023

In today’s era, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology that plays a vital role in shaping societies and revolutionizing various sectors. Many democratic countries are currently exposed to a variety of false information spread through social media. In politics, disinformation is often associated with the efforts of a particular movement or party to mobilize supporters against the moral order. The spread of disinformation causes the emergence of legitimacy problems in many democratic countries. Citizen confidence in the credibility of official information in the news started to decline and shifts to alternative sources of information such as social media. Several countries that adhere to a democratic system make various efforts to fight the phenomenon of disinformation. The origins of the problems research want to examine the use of AI technology as an effort to overcome the spread of disinformation on social media. Furthermore, this research examines the challenges posed by AI disinformation and highlights several measures that democratic governments should adopt to mitigate its impacts. In summary, prioritizing the fight against disinformation in democratic countries is imperative to safeguard the integrity of democratic processes, enhance societal resilience, and foster an informed citizenry capable of making critical decisions for the collective benefit of the nation.
Formulasi Krim Deodoran-Antiperspiran Alami yang Mengandung Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Sebagai Pengaroma
Authors: Mayangsari Fransisca Dita , Pratiwi Elasari Dwi , Sari Diah Indah Kumala , Aula Nurwanda Friska Selsabillah 
Published: November 2023

Masyarakat pada umumnya menggunakan produk krim deodoran-antiperspiran untuk menghilangkan bau badan. Namun, sebagian produk krim deodoran-antiperspiran dipasaran mengandung alumunium klorohidrat yang berpotensi menyebabkan kanker payudara bila digunakan terus menerus dalam jangka panjang. Pada penelitian ini dibuat formulasi sediaan natural krim deodoran-antiperspiran cream dengan bahan aktif tawas dan zinc ricinoleat. Namun, sediaan ini tidak memiliki aroma. Sedangkan aroma adalah salah satu aspek terpenting pada kosmetik. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal ini adalah dengan menambahkan minyak atsiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan karakteristik fisik, stabilitas fisik serta tingkat kesukaan (hedonik) dari natural krim deodoran-antiperspiran cream yang mengandung kombinasi minyak atsiri (1% minyak jeruk manis dan 1% minyak nilam) (FB) dan tanpa kombinasi minyak atsiri (FA). Karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik yang diamati meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan viskositas. Sedangkan pada uji tingkat kesukaan, yang diamati meliputi tekstur, warna, dan aroma. Hasil uji organoleptis dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil pH, daya sebar, viskositas dan hedonik dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan kombinasi minyak atsiri (minyak nilam dan minyak jeruk manis) berpengaruh pada aspek aroma, warna dan pH dari natural krim deodoran-antiperspiran cream. Penambahan kombinasi minyak atsiri juga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesukaan. Panelis lebih menyukai aroma dari sediaan yang mengandung kombinasi minyak atsiri. Pada uji stabilitas fisik, diketahui bahwa penambahan kombinasi minyak atsiri mempengaruhi pH dan viskositas sediaan selama periode penyimpanan selama 90 hari pada suhu ruang (25°C ± 2°C).
Abdominal computed tomography and exploratory laparotomy have high agreement in dogs with surgical disease
Authors: Sevy Julia J. , White Robin , Pyle Shannon M. , Aertsens Adrien 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the results of abdominal CT with exploratory laparotomy in the dog.

ANIMALS
100 client-owned dogs from 1 academic institution.

METHODS
Medical records were searched for dogs that had undergone a preoperative abdominal CT scan read by a board-certified veterinary radiologist followed by an exploratory laparotomy. CT and surgical reports were compared.

RESULTS
The overall agreement between abdominal CT scan and exploratory laparotomy in all cases was 97%. Overall, there was no evidence that proportion agreement differed on the basis of body condition score, time interval between CT and surgery, or oncologic versus nononcologic disease.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Abdominal CT scan read by a board-certified diplomate is a sensitive presurgical diagnostic tool for surgical abdominal disease in the dog. When performing a specific abdominal surgery, it is acceptable for the surgeon to fully explore the abdomen or forego it for a smaller approach to the organ of interest if an abdominal CT was performed prior.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs and cats
Authors: Cridge Harry , Williams David A. , Barko Patrick C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a malabsorptive syndrome caused by insufficient secretion of digestive enzymes from pancreatic acini. The most common causes of EPI in dogs and cats are pancreatic acinar atrophy and chronic pancreatitis. EPI is diagnosed by measurement of species-specific immunoassays for serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity, the concentration of which directly reflects the mass of functioning pancreatic acinar tissue. EPI is treated by pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, nutritional management (low-residue diets with moderate fat content), and supplementation of cobalamin. Some dogs and cats have persistent clinical signs despite these treatments. Growing evidence suggests that these clinical signs may be due to enteric microbiota dysbiosis or the presence of concurrent diseases such as chronic enteropathies. Management of these abnormalities may improve outcome in dogs and cats with EPI. The long-term prognosis for dogs and cats with EPI is generally good if high-quality medical therapy is provided. Future studies are needed to further understand the causes of persistent dysbiosis in animals with EPI following initiation of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and assess the efficacy of treatments to ameliorate these abnormalities.