bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal brain structure in atopic dermatitis: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Yue , Cui Liqian , Li Hao , Gao Aili 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundStructural abnormalities in the brain of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have been reported; however, the cause has not been determined yet. Herein, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to reveal the causal effect of AD on brain structure.MethodsThis study utilized summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) to investigate a collection of cerebral structural measures, encompassing cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CA), and subcortical volumes in T1 images. A comprehensive GWAS meta‐analysis identified a total of 20 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to AD, surpassing the genome‐wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10⁻⁸). MR estimates were aggregated through the application of the inverse variance weighted method. Additional complementary analyses (i.e., MR‐Egger and weighted median approaches) were conducted to further assess the robustness of the obtained results. Sensitivity analysis and multivariate MR (MVMR) while adjusting for brain structural changes risk factors (i.e., depression and anxiety) were performed to assess the reliability and stability of observed causality.ResultsGenetically determined AD exhibited a causal link with reduced caudate volumes (IVW‐MR: β = ‐0.186, p = 0.001, p‐corrected = 0.009). Furthermore, we identified potential causal associations between AD and reduced CT in the cingulate region (posterior cingulate, IVW‐MR: β = ‐0.065, p = 0.018, p‐corrected = 0.551; isthmus cingulate, IVW‐MR: β = ‐0.086, p = 0.003, p‐corrected = 0.188), as well as abnormal cortical surface area (CA) in the supramarginal (IVW‐MR: β = ‐0.047, p = 0.044, p‐corrected = 0.714) and isthmus cingulate (IVW‐MR: β = 0.053, p = 0.018, p‐corrected = 0.714). Additional supplementary analyses yielded consistent outcomes. There was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. MVMR analysis showed that the causal effects of AD on abnormal brain structure remained significant while adjusting for depression and anxiety.ConclusionThis MR study provided suggestive evidence that decreased caudate nucleus, posterior cingulate cortex, isthmus cingulate cortex and supramarginal gyrus are suggestively associated with higher AD risk. Future investigation into the brain regions is recommended, which helps to clarify the underlying mechanisms and point to new therapies against AD.
Stuart has got the PoWeR! Skeletal muscle adaptations to a novel heavy progressive weighted wheel running exercise model in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Koopmans Pieter J. , Williams‐Frey Therin D. , Zwetsloot Kevin A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMurine exercise models are developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating muscle mass. A progressive weighted wheel running model, named ‘PoWeR’, was previously developed to serve as a more translatable alternative to involuntary resistance‐type exercise models in rodents, such as synergist ablation. However, mice still run great distances despite the added resistance as evidenced by a large glycolytic‐to‐oxidative shift in muscle fibre type. Thus, PoWeR reflects a blended resistance/endurance model. In an attempt to bias PoWeR further towards resistance‐type exercise, we developed a novel heavy PoWeR model (hPoWeR) utilizing higher wheel loads (max of 12.5 g vs 6 g). Adult male C57BL/6 mice voluntarily performed an 8‐week progressive loading protocol (PoWeR or hPoWeR). Running distance peaked at ∼5–6 km day−1 in both treatments and was maintained by PoWeR mice, but declined in the hPoWeR mice as load increased beyond 7.5 g. Peak isometric force of the gastrocnemius–soleus–plantaris complex tended to increase in wheel running treatments. Soleus mass increased by 19% and 24% in PoWeR and hPoWeR treatments, respectively, and plantaris fibre cross‐sectional area was greater in hPoWeR, compared to PoWeR. There were fewer glycolytic and more oxidative fibres in the soleus and plantaris muscles in the PoWeR treatment, but not hPoWeR. Collectively, these data suggest hPoWeR may modestly alter skeletal muscle supporting the aim of better reflecting typical resistance training adaptations, in line with decreased running volume and exposure to higher resistance. Regardless, PoWeR remains an effective hypertrophic concurrent training model in mice.
Manufacturing Process and System Sustainability Analysis Tool: A Proof-of-Concept for Teaching Sustainable Product Design and Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Raoufi Kamyar , Haapala Karl R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Decision support methods and tools have been developed to aid in improving product sustainability performance during design. However, these approaches are often developed for domain experts and not well-suited for non-expert decision makers (e.g., engineering students and engineering practitioners), who do not possess specialized knowledge in sustainability analysis of product designs and manufacturing processes. The objective of this research is to facilitate the sustainability performance analysis of manufacturing processes and systems through unit manufacturing process (UMP) modeling within an easy-to-use, publicly-available product design, and manufacturing analysis tool. To achieve this objective, a sustainability assessment framework is developed that considers a cradle-to-gate life cycle scope and has four phases: (1) product development, (2) supply chain configuration, (3) manufacturing process design, and (4) manufacturing process and system (MaPS) sustainability analysis. To implement this framework and to address the identified limitations of existing tools, a proof-of-concept MaPS sustainability analysis tool is developed as a spreadsheet software tool. The tool supports the evaluation of environmental (energy and associated carbon footprint), economic (the cost of goods sold), and social (worker safety) impacts. While this study focuses on the technical aspects of the research, the authors investigate associated educational aspects in a separate study and report tool operational performance evaluation by undergraduate and graduate engineering students. Study participants found the tool easy to use and useful in completing sustainability assessment tasks in product design and manufacturing. To build upon this research, the developed framework and tool can be expanded to consider other phases of the product life cycle. Moreover, key software tool operational characteristics and graphical user interfaces should be investigated to improve efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction, and learnability of the MaPS sustainability analysis tool.
Disassembly and Repairability of Mechatronic Products: Insight for Engineering Design
Authors: Boix Rodríguez Núria , Favi Claudio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Designing mechatronic products requires interdisciplinary skills and as products become more complex, the design of mechatronic systems plays a critical role. To minimize waste production and pollution, a shift toward a circular economy is necessary, with mechatronic products being particularly impacted by such policies. Repairing plays a key part in achieving a circular economy. Through repairability, the product lifespan can be extended, and combined with maintenance the rate of product replacement can be reduced. Within this context, the goal of this paper is to propose a design methodology (based on the EN 45554:2020 standard) for generating and implementing eco-design rules for disassembly and repair. The methodology has four phases, the first one is the identification of target components (those that are more likely to fail during the lifespan). The second phase encompasses the experimental disassembly analysis which can be manual or virtual. The third phase is the assessment of the disassemblability index which includes the analysis of parameters that affect the disassembly phase. The last phase is the implementation of the eco-design methodology for all the components that do not meet the minimum repairability requirements. A case study of electro-mechanical ovens is presented, targeting replaceable components. The results show that the use of this framework and the eco-design actions derived from it are successful in improving the repairability of the product and increasing the disassemblability index (30% on average) through a virtual analysis. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to study the impact of parameter weight modification. This research contributes to advancing repairability and supporting the circular economy paradigm in mechatronic product design.
Improved Spatiotemporal Distributions of Sweeping Jet Film Cooling With a Shaped Exit Design
Authors: Wang Kechen , Zhou Wenwu , Wen Xin , Peng Di , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sweeping jet (SJ) is a self-excited flow control device that can generate continuous and periodic flow, which makes it a promising geometry for film cooling. However, the cooling performance of current SJ configurations is not significantly better than that of 777-shaped holes. This paper presents two modified SJ configurations, named shaped SJ1 and shaped SJ2, which possess distinct shaped exit geometries. The spatiotemporal coolant distributions were comprehensively quantified for the 777-shaped hole, the compact SJ (with compact geometry), the shaped SJ1, and the shaped SJ2. The instantaneous cooling effectiveness distributions of the four configurations at blowing ratios (M) ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 were measured using the fast pressure-sensitive paint technique. The shaped SJ2 integrated the cooling characteristics of the 777-shaped hole and SJ. It maintained stability at a relatively low M, while began to oscillate when M was increased above 1.5. The shaped SJ design exhibited superior cooling effectiveness at both low and high M of 0.5 to 3.0. A proper orthogonal decomposition analysis and simulations illustrated the oscillation processes and flow structures within the SJ configuration. The shaped SJ2 showed a reduced outlet momentum and a more even distribution of film coverage than the 777-shaped hole, resulting in considerably improved cooling performance.
Advancements in Noninvasive Pressure Sensing in Hydraulic Components
Authors: Ruggeri Massimiliano , Belsito Luca , Bosi Federico , Cominetti Paolo , Ferri Matteo , Ferri Mattia , Roncaglia Alberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sensors and sensorized components are gaining for importance in hydraulics, due to increasing need for control and diagnostics. Sensors and specifically pressure sensors are widely available, but most of them are invasive and require threaded mounting holes or T-junctions, often coupled with a fluid pressure drop. The paper deals with advancements in a noninvasive pressure sensing method based on indirect pressure measurement, performed through direct acquisition of the component’s strain under pressure effect. Optimized MEMS sensors, based on micro-mechanical resonance frequency variation under mechanical stress, allow a very precise strain and pressure measurement, fully temperature compensated. The applied research shows the technology advancements in MEMS design and in the improvements of finding the best position for the sensor on the hydraulic components, as well as the sensor calibration and data management. All tests were performed at Bonfiglioli S.p.A. company R&D test bench using production hydraulic motors, and data were gathered using both the embedded test bench electronic control, the data logging system and directly from the edge unit connected to the MEMS sensors. The paper will show that not only a noninvasive pressure measurement is possible using the MEMS-DETF sensors, but also that a simple temperature compensation method is possible, available with two different methods: an experimental one and a computational one, based on metal and Silicon thermal linear expansion coefficient.
The Transition of Wear and Leakage Characteristics of the Cylinder Block/Valve Plate Interface in a Wide Range of Operating Conditions
Authors: Li Xuguang , Zhang Junhui , Lyu Fei , Xu Bing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to take full advantage of the servo motor-driven pump, it usually demands that the axial piston pumps work in a wide range of operating conditions. It inevitably leads to a great change in performance due to the transition of wear and leakage characteristics. In this paper, a mixed lubrication model of the cylinder block/valve plate is established which fully considers the asperity contact and its effect on the lubricating oil flow. The load-bearing and lubrication characteristics such as film thickness, tilt behavior, and leakage flow are investigated under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the cylinder block/valve plate mainly operates in the mixed lubrication regime. The wear represented by the maximum PV value shows a gradual transition process that varies with the operating conditions. It is more severe under high discharge pressure and high rotating speed. While the leakage flow shows a strong dependence on the tilting angle under low discharge pressure and high rotating speed conditions. It sharply increases with the increase of rotating speed which will lead to an abrupt failure of the axial piston pump.
Parametric Stability Analysis Using Convex Optimization Applied to Complex Pneumatic Systems
Authors: de Carvalho Ferreira Silva Gabriel , Massioni Paolo , Bideaux Eric , Sesmat Sylvie , Bristiel Frederic 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a modeling and stability analysis procedure using optimization under Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) constraints in order to evaluate a system’s dynamical behavior. This will help the designers to tune complex systems with respect to desired dynamical behavior. The method is applied to an aircraft engine air bleed system, composed of a pair of two-stage pressure regulation valves. The results show the method’s potential to provide a better understanding of the design parameters’ influence over the dynamical response of the system and how they can be tuned to ensure proper dynamical behavior.
Fluid Driven Soft Robotic Gripper With Biomimetic Enclosed Structure and Self-Adaptive Grasp
Authors: Wu Yaxin , Xu He , Chen Siqing , Wei Qiandiao , Xiong Xiao , Yin Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soft grasping robot is an important research field in soft robot technology. It is a big problem for soft grippers to solve low load gripping and low grasping success rate. For solving these problems, a kind of enclosed structure soft gripper expansion type (ET) is proposed. The ET is driven by hydraulic or pneumatic system with stable force and high reliability. The ET is proposed based on an enclosed grasping mechanism, and based on the biomimetic underwater swallowing design method. The ET which has both advantages of economy and flexibility, self-adaptive grasps through negative pressure and positive pressure. The ET achieves the modular, mobile and adaptive grasping ability. The ET classifies as gripper A (GA) and gripper B (GB). GA has more load capacity, and GB can grab larger irregular objects. The maximum load that ET achieving is 30 N, which is able to reliably grasp objects and hold them with a force several times their weight. The side of the object is separated from the outside world as far as possible, and the inner wall of the ring is stuck to the object by the swallowing structure to the maximum extent, so as to improve the friction force as far as possible, achieve self-adaptation and save energy at the same time. When reducing the gap between the ring inner wall of the soft gripper and the target object, it further reduces the gap through pressure in case of emergencies, so as to better grip force, so that the gripper has a better fault tolerance rate and inclusiveness when it holds the object.
A Bio-Inspired Underwater Robot Inspired by Jellyfish
Authors: Xiong Xiao , Xu He , Chen Siqing , Wang Haihang , You Chaochao , Wu Yaxin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the improvement of human living standard, the demand for exploitation and utilization of marine resources is increasing. Soft robots with adaptability and interactivity, can perform the complex motion in the complex environment, which provide a promising and feasible solution for the exploitation and utilization of marine resources. Bio-inspiration is a very popular and effective design method. Bio-inspired soft robots for Marine can maintain the biological characteristics of some species in underwater environment, which improve the adaptability of robots to the environment. In this work, we designed a reconfigurable bio-inspired jellyfish robot, driven by soft hydraulic bio-inspired execution unit, to achieve the movement and grasp in the water. The jellyfish robot is composed of four moving modules (MM), one grasping module (GM), and an buoyancy adjustment module (BAM). The actuators of MM and GM made with silicone, which has a good affinity for biology and environment, are driven by the hydraulic pressure. The BAM is actuated by pneumatic pressure. Through the proportional valve, the high-pressure fluid mediums are adjusted as low-pressure fluid with corresponding value to actuate different modules. So, we can get different amounts of force, and then make the driver have different degrees of bending. Its MM and GM are designed as reconfigured, which can cooperate with other robots to achieve more functions according to different situations. Inspired by jellyfish and fishbone, the MM is the exumbrella of the robot. To adopt that soft structure, we can make the support frame imitated by the shape of fishbone. The GM is the jellyfish tentacle in bio-inspired design. Its soft actuator is a single cavity, responding quickly. In experiments, the performance of the MM and GM are verified. The bio-inspired jellyfish robot can realize the functions of moving and grasping at the same time, and has a high environmental adaptability.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Self-Expanding Elastic Pressurized Reservoir
Authors: Yao Jing , Wang Dingyu , Hao Jinlu , Liang Dong , He Aiwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lightweight of hydraulic components and systems can improve the maneuverability, navigating ability and carrying capacity of mobile equipment. In this study, a self-expanding elastic pressurized reservoir (SEPR) is designed and manufactured. The SEPR is capable of compensating for the volume difference in the hydraulic system and providing pressure for the pump oil supply. Firstly, the structure of SEPR is designed to meet the compensation of the system volume difference. The housing of SEPR includes an interior tube made from an elastic rubber material and an outer woven fiber ensuring its strength and realizing oil pressurization. Then, the mathematical model of SEPR is established based on the characteristics of elastic material, the geometric relationship, and the force analysis. The relationship between the volume of oil, the degree of deformation, and the pressure can be obtained. Finally, a performance test bench is built to test the SEPR, and the step response test and sine response test of SEPR are carried out. The experimental results show that the reservoir responds quickly to the actuator action in the hydraulic system, with an average response time of 0.069 seconds. The SEPR has the advantages of small volume, lightweight. The configuration and modeling method of SEPR lay a foundation for the future lightweight design of the reservoir.
Online Dynamic Model Correction for Hydraulic Manipulator Grasped Unknown Payload
Authors: Zheng Sheng , Chen Zhiwei , Zhang Junhui , Ding Ruqi , Xu Bing , Zhang Fu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autonomous operation is a crucial feature for hydraulic manipulators to perform specialized tasks, and the effectiveness of online autonomous operation relies on the accuracy of the dynamic model. To tackle the issue of low accuracy of the dynamic model when a hydraulic manipulator grasps an unknown payload, a method of online model correction is proposed in this paper. In comparison to other online identification methods that simplify the inertia parameters of payload, an excitation trajectory based on physical feasibility is firstly designed to correct the dynamic model with non-payload under the offline identification. A forgetting factor is introduced into the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm to further improve the effectiveness of the identification since it can continuously correct the dynamic model with the iterative formula. Through accurately identifying the complete set of inertia parameters for payload, the dynamic model is corrected in real-time. The proposed method is experimentally validated under the conditions of variable payload, and the accuracy of the corrected dynamic model is improved.
Investigation of Frictional Forces in Hydraulic Spool Valves and Their Effect on the Estimation of Axial Flow Forces
Authors: Hucko Simon , Vonderbank Tobias , Schmitz Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Model-based design of hydraulic valves, as well as the acquisition of additional variables using soft sensors are rapidly gaining importance. Both, however, require an accurate and comprehensive model of the valve. One of the greatest challenges currently present, is within correctly representing the flow forces acting on the spool, which is why considerable research has been carried out investigating them. Since flow forces are always superimposed by directional frictional, inertial, and, if present, spring forces, they cannot be measured directly.
To be able to record the flow forces despite this difficulty, a new measuring method is presented. It enables the measurement of the frictional forces and thereby the calculation of the flow forces. In addition to presenting this new metrology method, the frictional force and factors influencing it, will be further investigated. These factors include the operating point-dependent non-uniform pressure distribution in the annular gap, as well as radial flow forces. The results shown in the paper contribute to a better understanding of frictional forces in hydraulic valves, thus advancing both model-based design, and soft sensor development.
Simulation Study of a Fail-Safe Steer-by-Wire for Heavy Earth Moving Machinery
Authors: Singh Vinay Partap , Huova Mikko , Minav Tatiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hydrostatic steering systems are commonly used in articulated heavy earth moving machinery (HEMM). In an earlier study, an energy efficient Electro-Hydrostatic Steering System (EHSS) was proposed, which works on Steer-by-Wire (SbW) principle. In the present article, the functional safety for Safety Related Parts of Control System (SRP/CS) for the EHSS is analysed and requirements are assessed. The analysis suggests that the novel EHSS is safe for critical control application like steering. A simulation analysis of the proposed EHSS is carried out on a ‘Y’ cycle operation of a wheel loader to analyse the effect of a major hazardous event on steering operation, and the ability of the proposed system to act in order to reduce the risk. It has been found that the proposed EHSS can overcome the most common mode of failure in primary steering. The primary steering is failed at two different points of operation and the secondary or emergency steering is activated to continue the steering operation as intended. The activation of emergency steering takes about 200ms in the case when primary steering fails while steering command is active, whereas 440ms when the primary steering fails during no steering command. The delay is mainly attributed to the diagnosis of failure in primary steering. In both the cases, it does not result in any hazardous movement of the steering actuators. The study demonstrates that with proper control, and even low diagnostic coverage, the proposed EHSS can meet the functional safety requirements.