bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Capsular Release in Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)- A Research Study from North India
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Farooq Munir , Agarwal Sharat 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Frozen shoulder is a disabling and painful condition that is commonly managed in the primary care setting. Frozen shoulder has a protracted natural history that usually ends in resolution. It is a condition characterised by functional restriction of both active and passive shoulder motion for which radiographs of the glenohumeral joint are essentially unremarkable except for the possible presence of osteopenia or calcific tendonitis.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the functional outcome of arthroscopic release of capsule in adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder).
Materials and Methods: A prospective study conducted on patients diagnosed as having frozen shoulder. A total of 25 patients were taken who underwent Arthroscopic capsular release.
Results: The mean forward elevation improved from 100.52 to 156.60 at final follow up. Mean abduction improved from 97.12 to 156.36 at final follow up. Mean external rotation 32.76 to 38.96 at final follow up. Mean internal rotation 18.88 to 37.0 at final follow up. The mean UCLA score improved from 13.16 to 32.16 at final follow. Excellent results were seen in 12 patients (48%), Good in 8 patients (32%), Fair in 4 patients (16%) and Poor in 1 patient (4%).
Conclusion: Arthroscopic release of capsule in frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a safe and effective procedure with very few complications. It gives further advantage of evaluating any glenohumeral joint and subacromial pathology & rapid rehabilitation is possible in comparison to open procedures.
Pola Akomodasi Komunikasi antara Pembimbing dan Klien Beda Budaya di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Manokwari Guna Percepatan Reintegrasi
Authors: Lande Marlien , Bahfiarti Tuti , Farid Muh. 
Published: February 2024

Klien pemasyarakatan merupakan narapidana yang menjalani sisa masa pidananya di luar Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Klien pemasyarakatan selama menjalani sisa masa pidana diawasi dan dibimbing oleh Balai Pemasyarakatan (Bapas). Pengawasan dan pembimbingan dilakukan oleh Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan Balai Pemasyarakatan (PK Bapas) untuk memastikan klien dapat kembali ke masyarakat (reintegrasi) dan tidak lagi melakukan tindak pidana. Klien yang dibimbing tidak hanya dengan latar belakang budaya yang sama melainkan juga yang berbeda. Faktor bahasa yang digunakan PK dan klien saat berkomunikasi merupakan satu hal yang juga perlu diperhatikan dari pelaksanaan bimbingan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola akomodasi komunikasi antara pembimbing kemasyarakatan dan klien pemasyarakatan beda budaya di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Manokwari guna percepatan reintegrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik wawancara dan pengamatan non-partisipan serta studi dokumentasi/kepustakaan untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembimbing kemasyarakatan dan klien melakukan akomodasi komunikasi pada saat berinteraksi agar informasi yang diterima jelas serta memperoleh hasil yang efektif untuk klien dapat kembali ke masyarakat.
Single‐Crystalline Gallium Nitride Microspindles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Stability
Authors: Xu F. , Xie Y. , Zhang X. , Zhang S. , Liu X. , Xi W. , Tian X. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a facile procedure for synthesizing high‐quality gallium nitride microspindles on a large scale using a solid‐state reaction of GaI3, NaNH2, and NH4Cl in a sealed system at 500 °C for 6 h. The structures, compositions, and morphologies of the as‐synthesized products are derived from X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images show that the as‐synthesized GaN spindles are composed of many single‐crystalline platelets. The GaN microspindles show different optical properties depending on their shape (e.g., nanowires or nanoparticles) in photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The possible growth mechanism of GaN microspindles is controlled by linear kinetics with a driving force proportional to the difference between a local supersaturation and an equilibrium chemical potential. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the GaN microspindles is investigated under various annealing conditions and discussed on the basis of additional TEM and XRD analyses.
Enhanced Dielectric and Electromechanical Responses in High Dielectric Constant All‐Polymer Percolative Composites
Authors: Huang C. , Zhang Q. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA type of all‐polymer percolative composite is introduced which exhibits a very high dielectric constant (> 7000). The experimental results also show that the dielectric behavior of this new class of percolative composites follows the predictions of the percolation theory and the analysis of conductive percolation phenomena. The very high dielectric constant of the all‐polymer composites, which are also very flexible and possesses an elastic modulus close to that of the insulation polymer matrix, makes it possible to induce a high electromechanical response under a very reduced electric field (a strain of 2.65 % with an elastic energy density of 0.18 J cm–3 can be achieved under a field of 16 MV m–1). Data analysis also suggests that within the composites, the non‐uniform local field distribution as well as interface effects can significantly enhance the strain responses. Furthermore, the experimental data as well as the data analysis indicate that conduction loss in the composites will not affect the strain hysteresis.
Relating the Morphology of Poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)/Methanofullerene Blends to Solar‐Cell Performance
Authors: van Duren J. K. J. , Yang X. , Loos J. , Bulle‐Lieuwma C. W. T. , Sieval A. B. , Hummelen J. C. , Janssen R. A. J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe performance of bulk‐heterojunction solar cells based on a phase‐separated mixture of donor and acceptor materials is known to be critically dependent on the morphology of the active layer. Here we use a combination of techniques to resolve the morphology of spin cast films of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)/methanofullerene blends in three dimensions on a nanometer scale and relate the results to the performance of the corresponding solar cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and depth profiling using dynamic time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) clearly show that for the two materials used in this study, 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl‐[6,6]‐methanofullerene (PCBM) and poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (MDMO‐PPV), phase separation is not observed up to 50 wt.‐% PCBM. Nanoscale phase separation throughout the film sets in for concentrations of more than 67 wt.‐% PCBM, to give domains of rather pure PCBM in a homogenous matrix of 50:50 wt.‐% MDMO‐PPV/PCBM. Electrical characterization, under illumination and in the dark, of the corresponding photovoltaic devices revealed a strong increase of power conversion efficiency when the phase‐separated network develops, with a sharp increase of the photocurrent and fill factor between 50 and 67 wt.‐% PCBM. As the phase separation sets in, enhanced electron transport and a reduction of bimolecular charge recombination provide the conditions for improved performance. The results are interpreted in terms of a model that proposes a hierarchical build up of two cooperative interpenetrating networks at different length scales.
Nanoporous Low‐κ Polyimide Films via Poly(amic acid)s with Grafted Poly(ethylene glycol) Side Chains from a Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain‐Transfer‐Mediated Process
Authors: Chen Y. , Wang W. , Yu W. , Yuan Z. , Kang E.‐T. , Neoh K.‐G. , Krauter B. , Greiner A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThermally‐initiated living radical graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) with ozone‐pretreated poly[N,N′‐(1,4‐phenylene)‐3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetra‐carboxylic amic acid] (PAmA) via a reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT)‐mediated process was carried out. The chemical compositions and structures of the copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and molecular weight measurements. The “living” character of the grafted PEGMA side chains was ascertained in the subsequent extension of the PEGMA side chains. Nanoporous low‐dielectric‐constant (low‐κ) polyimide (PI) films were prepared by thermal imidization of the PAmA graft copolymers under reduced argon pressure, followed by thermal decomposition of the side chains in air. The nanoporous PI films obtained from the RAFT‐mediated graft copolymers had well‐preserved PI backbones, porosity in the range of 5–17 %, and pore size in the range of 30–50 nm. The pores were smaller and the pore‐size distribution more uniform than those of the corresponding nanoporous PI films obtained via graft copolymers from conventional free‐radical processes. Dielectric constants approaching 2 were obtained for the nanoporous PI films prepared from the RAFT‐mediated graft copolymers.
Reversible Cluster Formation of Colloidal Nanospheres by Interparticle Photodimerization
Authors: Yuan X. , Fischer K. , Schärtl W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCrosslinked spherical nanoparticles based on trimethoxysilane monomers have been prepared by polycondensation in aqueous emulsion. These particles have been labeled chemically at their surface region with two different types of organic dye molecules (cinnamate, coumarin), which both are well known for their ability to undergo a reversible photodimerization if irradiated with light of a suitable wavelength. Upon irradiation of dilute solutions of these nanoparticles with UV light, the photodimerization of labels belonging to different colloidal nanoparticles caused the formation of large colloidal clusters consisting of chemically bound individual nanospheres. This process has been quantitatively investigated using light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Importantly, utilizing the reversibility of the photoreaction, the clusters could be broken up by irradiation of the sample with UV light of shorter wavelengths than the light used for their formation
Solventless Polymerization to Grow Thin Films on Solid Substrates
Authors: Gu H. , Fu D. , Weng L.‐T. , Xie J. , Xu B. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report on the formation of polymeric thin films on a solid surface using gaseous monomers. The process consists of adding catalysts on the surface of a solid substrate and polymerizing volatile monomers at the gas/solid interface, or directly using the vapors of the catalyst and the monomers to selectively form polymers inside the microchannels. The morphology and properties of these thin films depend on the concentration of catalysts, the time of exposure to the monomers, and the type of the monomers, which can be easily controlled at the molecular level. This solventless process can be used for a range of applications.
Light intensity distribution in a photocatalytic reactor using finite volume
Authors: Pareek Vishnu K. , Adesina Adesoji A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA conservative variant of discrete ordinate model was used to solve the radiation transport equation. The model prediction was used to assess the effect of wall reflectivity, catalyst loading, and phase function parameter on the light intensity distribution in an annular heterogeneous photocatalytic reactor. For relatively low catalyst loadings, the wall reflectivity strongly influenced the light intensity distribution. However, for an optically thick medium, the wall reflectivity had very little or no effect. The volume‐average light intensity distribution decreased rather sharply with the catalyst loading and an opposite trend was obtained for the local volumetric rate of energy absorption (LVREA). However, after the initial sharp increase, the LVREA appeared independent of catalyst loading. For nonreflecting reactor walls, phase function parameter did not show much influence. However, for the specularly reflecting reactor walls and optically thin mediums, a moderate dependency on the phase function parameter was observed. 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:1273–1288, 2004
Hybrid predictive control of process systems
Authors: Mhaskar Prashant , El‐Farra Nael H. , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe operation of chemical processes often requires respecting constraints on manipulated inputs and process states. Input constraints typically reflect limits on the capacity of control actuators, such as valves or pumps, whereas state constraints represent desirable ranges of operation for process variables, such as temperatures or concentrations. Constraints, however, limit the set of initial conditions, starting from where a process can be stabilized at a possibly open‐loop unstable steady state. Therefore, in control of constrained processes, it is important to obtain an explicit characterization of the region of closed‐loop stability. Model predictive control (MPC) provides a suitable framework for implementing control that respects manipulated input and process variable constraints while meeting prescribed performance objectives. Unfortunately, the implicit nature of the feedback law in MPC (the control action is computed by solving on‐line a constrained optimization problem at each sampling time) makes the a priori computation of the closed‐loop stability region a very difficult task. Such a computation, however, is possible when Lyapunov‐based bounded control techniques are used to design controllers for the stabilization of systems with manipulated input constraints. Motivated by this, the present work proposes a hybrid predictive control structure, which seamlessly unites MPC and bounded control, for output feedback stabilization of linear systems with input constraints. The design of the proposed structure is based on the idea of using a bounded controller, with its associated region of stability, as a “fallback” controller for the output feedback implementation of MPC. Switching laws are derived to orchestrate the transition between the two controllers in a way that reconciles their respective stability and optimality properties. The switched closed‐loop system is shown to possess a region of guaranteed stability, achieved by appropriately switching between the two controllers. The proposed hybrid control structure is shown to provide a safety net for the practical implementation of MPC by providing a priori knowledge, through off‐line computations, of a large set of initial conditions for which closed‐loop stability is guaranteed. Finally, two simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid predictive control scheme, as well as test its robustness with respect to modeling errors and measurement noise. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1242–1259, 2004
Modeling the partial oxidation of methane in a fixed bed with detailed chemistry
Authors: Bizzi M. , Saracco G. , Schwiedernoch R. , Deutschmann O. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis work presents a model of a fixed‐bed reactor for the catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas at short contact time. The transient model, one dimensional in space, accounts for separate energy equations for the gas and solid phases, interphase heat and mass transfer, internal radiation within the fixed bed, longitudinal gas‐phase dispersion, and detailed surface kinetics. The model is used to analyze the influence of the feedstock composition and temperature on the conversion and selectivity reactor performance. Furthermore, the study also investigates the blowout of the reaction and the impact of reactor geometry on the performance. Reactor scale‐up is discussed and a general criterion is formulated. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:1289–1299, 2004
Phenotype and X inactivation in 45,X/46,X,r(X) cases
Authors: Leppig Kathleen A. , Sybert Virginia P. , Ross Judith L. , Cunniff Christopher , Trejo Tina , Raskind Wendy H. , Disteche Christine M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe studied a new series of 21 individuals mosaic for a ring X chromosome [r(X)]. Of nine individuals with mental retardation, only one had a r(X) that lacked XIST (X‐inactive‐specific transcript) and was not subject to X inactivation, which would explain the abnormal phenotype; the remaining eight cases had XIST on their r(X). The majority of cases (five of seven) with mental retardation had an apparently early replicating r(X); but the androgen receptor gene (AR) was methylated on one allele in five of six informative cases, including two cases with an early replicating r(X). These conflicting results on two indicators of X inactivation suggest a potential dissociation between late replication and DNA methylation in these r(X) chromosomes, which may fail to become completely silenced. Of the twelve subjects who were not mentally retarded, all had XIST present on their r(X) and most (8/10) showed a late replicating r(X), together with AR methylation in all five informative cases, indicating r(X) inactivation. Thus, the unusual phenotypic features and mental retardation associated with the presence of a r(X) cannot be explained solely on the basis of presence or absence of XIST. The r(X) in cases with mental retardation were consistently smaller than those in individuals with normal intelligence, perhaps indicating inability for small rings to undergo structural changes associated with complete X inactivation or lethality in cases with a large non‐inactivated r(X). Of the Turner syndrome features present in the r(X) cases, only edema was present in a lesser frequency than in 45,X individuals. Our cases generally had a less severe phenotype than those previously reported, suggesting that reported incidences of abnormalities may be influenced by ascertainment bias, with mental retardation potentially unrelated to the presence of the r(X) in some cases. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forest use and activity patterns ofCallimico goeldiiin comparison to two sympatric tamarins,Saguinus fuscicollisandSaguinus labiatus
Authors: Porter Leila M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCallimico goeldii,Saguinus fuscicollis, andS. labiatusare sympatric in northern Bolivia and differ from each other in patterns of spatial and structural use of their environment.C. goeldiihas a home range five times larger than that of mixed‐species troops ofS. fuscicollisandS. labiatus. The larger overlapping home range ofC. goeldiiallows it to move amongSaguinustroops, giving it access to a wide range of different microhabitats. All three species use the most common microhabitat in the area, primary forest with dense understory, more than any other microhabitat type.C. goeldiihabitat use varies by season, with bamboo andHeliconiamicrohabitats used more during the dry season. Each species shows preferences for different height classes:C. goeldiiis found almost exclusively in the understory,S. fuscicollisuses the understory and middle canopy, andS. labiatusis found mostly in the middle canopy. These height class preferences are reflected in each species' locomotor styles, withC. goeldiishowing the highest rates of vertical clinging and leaping, andS. labiatusshowing the highest rates of branch‐to‐branch leaping and quadrupedal movement. The results suggest thatC. goeldiimay be restricted to forests with dense understory and a mosaic of other microhabitats. Furthermore,C. goeldiidoes not appear to use its tegulae for large branch foraging, but rather for vertical clinging and leaping between small vertical supports. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are adult physiques geometrically similar? The dangers of allometric scaling using body mass power laws
Authors: Nevill Alan M. , Stewart Arthur D. , Olds Tim , Holder Roger 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHuman physique classification by somatotype assumes that adult humans are geometric similar to each other. However, this assumption has yet to be adequately tested in athletic and nonexercising human populations. In this study, we assessed this assumption by comparing the mass exponents associated with girth measurements taken at 13 different sites throughout the body in 478 subjects (279 athletic subjects, and 199 nonexercising controls). Corrected girths which account for subcutaneous adipose tissue at the upper arm, thigh, and calf sites, and which simulate muscle circumference, were also calculated. If subjects are geometrically similar to each other, girth exponents should be approximately proportional to M1/3, where M is the subjects' body mass. This study confirms that human adult physiques are not geometrically similar to each other. In both athletic subjects and nonexercising controls, body circumferences/limb girths develop at a greater rate than that anticipated by geometric similarity in fleshy sites containing both muscle and fat (upper arms and legs), and less than anticipated in bony sites (head, wrists, and ankles). Interestingly, head girths appear to remain almost constant, irrespective of subjects' body size/mass. The results also suggest that thigh muscle girths of athletes and controls increase at a greater rate than that predicted by geometric similarity, proportional to body mass (M0.439 and M0.377, respectively). These systematic deviations from geometric similarity have serious implications for the allometric scaling of variables such as energy expenditure, oxygen uptake, anaerobic power, and thermodynamic or anthropometric studies involving individuals of differing size. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of poly(octadecyl acrylate‐b‐styrene‐b‐octadecyl acrylate) triblock copolymer by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Zhu Xiulin , Gu Yurong , Chen Gaojian , Cheng Zhenping , Lu Jianmei 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of triblock copolymer poly(octadecyl acrylate‐b‐styrene‐b‐octadecyl acrylate), using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), is reported. The copolymers were prepared in two steps. First, polystyrene was synthesized by ATRP using α,α′‐dichloro‐p‐xylene/CuBr/bpy as the initiating system; Second, polystyrene was further used as macroinitiator for the ATRP of octadecyl acrylate to prepare ABA triblock copolymers in the presence of FeCl2·4H2O/PPh3 in toluene. Polymers with controlled molecular weight (Mn = 17,000–23,400) and low polydispersity index value (1.33–1.44) were obtained. The relationship between molecular weight versus conversion showed a straight line. The effect of reaction temperature on polymerization was also investigated, showing a faster polymerization rate under higher temperature. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, DSC, and GPC and the crystallization behavior of the copolymers was also studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1539–1545, 2004