bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“LUPUS” ANTICOAGULANT AND INHIBITION OF PROSTACYCLIN FORMATION IN PATIENTS WITH REPEATED ABORTION, INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION AND INTRAUTERINE DEATH
Authors: Carreras Luis O. , Vermylen Jos , Spitz Bernard , Van Assche Andre 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe discovered a‘lupus’ anticoagulant in 2 out of 24 women with a history of repeated abortions, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine death of unknown origin. The‘lupus’ anticoagulant was detected by an abnormal dilute tissue thromboplastin assay (prothrombin time performed with dilute thromboplastin). The production of prostacyclin by fresh or exhausted rings of rat aorta was decreased by the plasma of one of these two patients with a‘lupus’ anticoagulant. In view of the increasing evidence for a physiological role of prostacyclin in pregnancy and fetal life, we suggest that an inhibition of prostacyclin production could compromise fetal outcome.
CLIMACTERIC FLUSHING: CLINICAL AND ENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO INFUSION OF NALOXONE
Authors: Lightman S. L. , Jacobs H. S. , Maguire A. K. , McGarrick G. , Jeffcoate S. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySix postmenopausal women with frequent attacks of flushing were studied by measuring plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and noradrenaline concentrations at regular and frequent intervals and at the time of each of 82 flushes. The hormone measurements were made on a control day and on the second day during infusion of either naloxone (22 μg/min) or saline. The perception of a flush was associated with a significant increase of plasma LH concentrations. There were no significant changes in plasma FSH, prolactin or noradrenaline concentrations. Naloxone infusion resulted in a highly significant reduction in the frequency of flushes and in the number of LH pulses. We conclude that flushing and its neuro‐endocrine correlates are related to activation of opiate receptors. Naloxone may provide the basis for a non‐steroidal treatment of climacteric flushing attacks.
AN INTERACTION BETWEEN DANAZOL AND WARFARIN
Authors: Goulbourne I. A. , Macleod D. A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 40‐year‐old patient is described who was taking warfarin because she had a prosthetic mitral valve. When she was treated with danazol for endometriosis, her prothrombin time increased and she had a haematemesis.
Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol: an early indicator of fetal lung maturity
Authors: WHITTLE M. J. , WILSON A. I. , WHITFIELD C. R. 
Published: August 2005

Summary. In a study of 766 amniotic fluids, collected from pregnancies between 26 weeks and term, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was identified in a greater proportion than was a mature lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio at all gestational ages between 28 and 38 weeks regardless of the underlying pregnancy complication. The early appearance of PG was particularly striking in amniotic fluids obtained after preterm rupture of membranes.Since PG has been previously shown to be a useful indicator of the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, its appearance before a mature L/S ratio suggests that its detection offers a considerable advantage in the management of high‐risk obstetric problems in which the earliest possible indication that the fetal lungs are mature is required.
Serum prolactin and ovarian function after discontinuation of drug treatment for hyperprolactinaemia: a study with bromocriptine and metergoline
Authors: MATTEI ANNA MARIA , FERRARI CARLO , RAGNI GUIDO , BENCO ROSANNA , PICCIOTTI MARIA CHIARA , RAMPINI PIETRO , CALDARA ROBERTO , CROSIGNANI PIER GIORGIO 
Published: August 2005

summarySerum prolactin (PRL) was estimated for up to 2 months after discontinuation of therapy with either bromocriptine (n=33; 15 with idiopathic disease, 12 with pituitary microadenoma, and six with macro‐adenoma) or metergoline (n=23; 11 with idiopathic disease, and 12 with microadenoma) that had been administered for 8–30 months. Only five patients treated with bromocriptine and two treated with metergoline had PRL levels that remained normal or below 50% of pretreatment values. Among the patients followed‐up for up to 12 months, four showed a fall in PRL at 3–4 months, but this was followed by a rise in one patient. Five patients showing persistently lower or normal PRL after drug withdrawal were retested with thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone; the two responsive women also had a normal response before treatment. Of 10 patients followed for 9 months, three had persistently normal PRL levels. Amenorrhoea and anovulation recurred, with some delay, in all the patients showing PRL rebound except one. Medical treatment of hyperprolactinaemia only rarely results in permanent benefit.
Haemostatic and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid in the menstrual cycle
Authors: BOUCKAERT P. X. J. M. , VAN WERSCH J. W. J. , SCHELLEKENS L. A. , EVERS J. L. H. , ROLLAND R. 
Published: August 2005

summaryThe haemostatic and fibrinolytic properties of peritoneal fluid aspirated during laparoscopy were studied in a group of 49 women, 12 patients during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and 37 during the luteal phase. Haemoglobin concentration and platelet count were low and similar in the pre‐ and post‐ovulatory groups. Factor VIII was present in low concentrations both in the pre‐ and post‐ovulatory period. The fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic activity as judged by measurements of plas‐minogen, α2‐antiplasmin, fibrinogen degradation products, fibrinogen and antithrombin HI, rose significantly in the postovulatory period. It is concluded that the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneal fluid depends on the stage of the menstrual cycle and is higher during the luteal phase.
Treatment of motor urge incontinence with clenbuterol and flavoxate hydrochloride
Authors: GRÜNEBERGER A. 
Published: August 2005

summaryA controlled double‐blind trial is reported of the para‐sympatholytic drug, flavoxate hydrochloride, and the new sympatho‐mimetic drug, clenbuterol, in the treatment of 39 women with motor urge incontinence. The clinical results and the urodynamic findings of urethrocystomanometry after therapy showed clenbuterol to be very effective with few side effects.
Amnion graft for treatment of congenital absence of the vagina
Authors: DHALL KAMALA 
Published: August 2005

summaryThe successful alication of an amniotic membrane graft in the treatment of congenital absence of the vagina is described. Follow up with vaginal smears and vaginal biopsies revealed that amnion when used alone with mesenchyme alied to the host gives protection to the underlying granulation tissue and facilitates epithelialization.
Lipoprotein levels during hormone replacement therapy by vaginal ring pessaries
Authors: FLETCHER COLIN D. , FARISH ELIZABETH , HART DAVID M. , LINDSAY ROBERT , SHARPE GRAHAM L. M. 
Published: August 2005

summaryNineteen women who had had a surgical menopause had a vaginal ring pessary containing levonorgestrel and oestradiol in situ for a period of 3 months. Fasting lipoprotein levels were measured before, and after 1 and 3 months on therapy. After 3 months total triglycride levels were significantly lower than baseline values (P<0.01) as were very‐low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.01), low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05) and high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (P>0.001) levels. These changes suggest that in this preparation the effects of the progestogen component are dominant.
Congenital toxoplasmosis: a prospective survey in Brussels
Authors: FOULON W. , NAESSENS A. , VOLCKAERT M. , LAUWERS S. , AMY J. J. 
Published: August 2005

summaryA prospective survey of antenatal patients was made at a hospital in Brussels over the period 1979–1982 to assess the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis. Of 2986 patients assessed, 1403 (47%) had no toxoplasma antibodies and were at risk. The susceptible population was assessed every 6 weeks and 20 of these women (1.4%) seroconverted during pregnancy. Ten of the seroconverters had a therapeutic abortion; of the remaining 10 two gave birth to congenitally infected infants. Of the 1583 (53%) patients with a positive serology for toxoplasmosis initially, 17 (1.1%) had high antibody litres indicating that the infection could have taken place early in pregnancy. Nine infants born to these women were followed at our hospital and two of them were affected.
A survey of tocolytic drug treatment in preterm labour
Authors: KEIRSE M. J. N. C. 
Published: August 2005

summaryIn a questionnaire survey among 1004 qualified and trainee obstetricians in The Netherlands and northern Belgium (Flanders) to which 521 (52%) replied, only one claimed never to use tocolytic drugs in preterm labour. At 32 weeks gestation drug treatment would be used by 88% if the cervix was 4 cm and by 97% if it was 2 cm dilated. At 4 cm dilatation Dutch obstetricians refrained from treatment significantly more often than Belgian obstetricians, but there was no such difference at 2 cm dilatation, nor was there a difference between university and other hospitals or between trainee and specialist obstetricians. Belgian respondents relied more heavily on prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors than Dutch respondents, but most used betamimetic drugs, virtually always (98%) by intravenous infusion. No one used ethanol or sedatives. Ritodrine (62%) and fenoterol (31%) were the main choices. Orciprenaline was used only in The Netherlands (4%), isoxsuprine only by non‐academic obstetricians in both countries (3%) and no one claimed to use salbutamol, isoprenaline or terbutaline.
Betamimetic drugs in the prophylaxis of preterm labour: extent and rationale of their use
Authors: KEIRSE M. J. N. C. 
Published: August 2005

summaryA questionnaire survey among 1004 specialist and trainee obstetricians in The Netherlands and northern Belgium (Flanders), revealed that 45% of the 521 (52%) respondents would use prophylactic betamimetics to prevent preterm labour. A further 33% would only use them as maintenance therapy after an acute episode of preterm labour. Only 22% would use neither form of prophylaxis, 23% would not prescribe oral betamimetics for out‐patients, and a mere 12% would use neither prophylaxis nor out‐patient treatment. Nevertheless, only 4% of those using betamimetics either prophylactically or as maintenance therapy said that they were very effective. The data indicate that a large body of obstetricians will resort to dubious treatments with poor effectiveness and unknown risks in an attempt to avoid the known risks of a condition for which aetiological insight and effective therapy are lacking.
The value of ultrasound measurement of amniotic fluid ume in the management of prolonged pregnancies
Authors: CROWLEY PATRICIA , O'HERLIHY COLM , BOYLAN PETER 
Published: August 2005

summaryUltrasound assessment of amniotic fluid ume was used to monitor 335 patients with prolonged pregnancy. Reduced amniotic fluid was diagnosed when no single vertical pool of amniotic fluid measured >30 mm. Sixty‐five patients with reduced amniotic fluid had labour induced while 270 patients with normal amniotic fluid were managed expectantly unless the cervix was favourable. Patients with reduced amniotic fluid had a statistically significant increase in meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and growth‐retarded babies and were more likely to require delivery by caesarean section for fetal distress. There were no perinatal deaths in the series and the perinatal outcome was satisfactory in both groups. Ultrasound measurement of amniotic fluid represents an effective discriminatory test in post‐term pregnancy.
Monoclonal antibodies for the histopathological diagnosis of cervical neoplasia
Authors: JHA R. S. , WICKENDEN C. , ANDERSON M. C. , COLEMAN D. V. 
Published: August 2005

summaryFive monoclonal antibodies (Cal, HMFG 1 and 2, 8.30.3 and 77.1) were used to study the distribution of antibody binding sites in cervical tissue with a view to identifying a marker which would distinguish between benign and malignant cervical epithelium. Both benign tissue (mature and immature metaplastic squamous epithelium, congenital transformation zone and glandular epithelium) and neoplastic tissue (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 1, 2 and 3 and invasive squamous cell carcinoma) were stained by these antibodies. Although immature metaplastic epithelium stained strongly with all the antibodies, the intensity and distribution of staining in general did not distinguish between benign and neoplastic conditions. All five antibodies, raised against three different antigens, stained cervical tissue in a similar way and thus were unsuitable for use as specific tumour markers in equivocal cases. Further studies on other tumour markers are indicated in view of the potential value of this aroach.
Does oestriol add to the beneficial effect of combined hormonal prophylaxis against early postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN C. , RØDBRO P. 
Published: August 2005

summarySixty‐nine healthy women in the early menopause were assessed in terms of calcium metabolism, coronary risk factors, Kuerman index, and various serum hormones before and during replacement therapy with l7β‐oestradiol plus oestriol and norethisterone acetate. The patients were followed for 1 year, and the daily doses used were: 17β‐oestradiol: 2 mg from day 1 to day 22, 1 mg from day 23 to day 28; oestriol: 1 mg from day 1 to day 22, 0.5 mg from day 23 to day 28; and norethisterone acetate: 1 mg from day 13 to day 22. Group A (n=22) received 17β‐oestradiol and norethisterone acetate; group B (n=20) received 17β‐oestradiol plus oestriol and norethisterone acetate and group C (n=23) received a placebo. The responses in groups A and B were similar with no significant difference between the two therapy regimens. The results suggest that in the dose given, oestriol does not add significantly to the beneficial effect of combined hormonal prophylaxis against early postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Neural‐tube defects and vitamins: the need for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: WALD NICHOLAS J. , POLANI PAUL E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIt has been suggested that taking extra vitamins around the time of conception may reduce the risk of fetal neural‐tube defects. We have examined the evidence for this and conclude that there is considerable doubt about the efficacy of such a regimen. Also, it cannot be assumed that the taking of extra vitamins has no adverse medical effects. We give reasons for our view that a large randomized clinical trial is ethical and the only satisfactory way of resolving the matter. The Medical Research Council is currently conducting such a study in centres in Britain and abroad, involving women who have already had a pregnancy with a fetal neural‐tube defect. The design of the Medical Research Council study is described briefly.
Variability of fetal scalp blood flow during labour: continuous transcutaneous measurement by the laser Doppler technique
Authors: SMITS T. M. , AARNOUDSE J. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryVariability of fetal scalp blood flow was measured in 15 patients in labour. Using the continuous transcutaneous laser Doppler technique adapted for fetal intrapartum measurements, it was possible to obtain recordings from a cervical dilatation of 3 cm until delivery. The general trend of fetal scalp blood flow showed a decrease in the majority of the patients during the first and the second stages of labour, with a fall of more than 50% of the initial value at the end of the first stage in seven. During the second stage the decrease in flow was generally less pronounced, although in one fetus scalp blood flow fell to 18% of the initial level by the end of the second stage. Of all the uterine contractions recorded, 57% were accompanied by a transient decrease in blood flow, often by 40–50%, but a temporary increase in scalp blood flow was found in 25% of contractions. Caput succedaneum formation was associated with a more pronounced transient decrease in local scalp blood flow during contractions. It is concluded that during labour a considerable reduction in fetal scalp blood flow occurs. It follows that the reliability of fetal transcutaneous blood gas monitoring techniques, which need a substantial increase in local capillary blood flow, seems highly questionable.
An automatic electronic device (Rite Time) to detect the onset of the infertile period by basal body temperature measurements
Authors: ROYSTON J. P. , HUMPHREY S. J. E. , FLYNN A. M. , MARSHALL J. , ZARZOSA‐PEREZ A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo trials of an electronic thermometer (Rite Time), designed to record and interpret basal body temperature (BBT) patterns in normal ovulating women, are described. A total of 140 menstrual cycles from 34 women, who used the thermal or symptothermal methods of natural family planning, were studied. Rite Time gave a signal for the start of the infertile period in 117 cycles, of which 114 (97%) appeared to have occurred at appropriate times. Further studies using hormonal and ultrasound reference points for ovulation were carried out in 21 cycles. Rite Time generally produced BBT patterns of quality acceptable for interpretation of the periovulatory BBT shift. About one‐half of the volunteers said that they would be willing to replace their conventional charting methods with Rite Time.
The congenital cervicovaginal transformation zone in young women exposed to diethylstilboestrol in utero
Authors: McDONNELL J. M. , EMENS J. M. , JORDAN J. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐seven young women exposed in utero to diethylstilboestrol have been studied for > 24 months. Serial study of the cervicovaginal transformation zone has been by the non‐invasive techniques of cytology, colposcopy and scanning electron microscopy. Minimal change has been noted in aceto‐white areas within the transformation zone and, although some progressive glycogenation has been observed, this has never been to the stage of fully glycogenated epithelium. Scanning electron microscopy has shown maturation of the epithelium although there has been some slowing or arrest of the process at the stage of immature squamous epithelium. The neoplastic potential of this epithelium is discussed.
Assessment of fetal biparietal diameter during normal pregnancy by ultrasound in Nigerian women
Authors: OKUPE R. F. , COKER O. O. , GBAJUMO S. A. 
Published: August 2005

Summary.The fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) was measured on 1104 occasions in 552 Nigerian women during normal pregnancy, and the range of BPD values for each week of pregnancy between 12 and 40 weeks was determined. Growth of the BPD in our population showed an asymptotic curve like that of Europeans but our values were slightly higher. The mean weekly increase in the BPD between 13 and 30 weeks gestation was 4.9 mm/week, between 30 and 36 weeks, 3.3 mm/week and between 37 and 40 weeks, 17 mm/week. But there was no significant difference between the BPD measurements of Europeans and Nigerian fetuses except towards term.
Survival and 2‐year outcome of extremely preterm infants
Authors: YU V. Y. H. , ORGILL A. A. , BAJUK B. , ASTBURY J. 
Published: August 2005

Summary.The survival of 163 infants born within the hospital at 24–28 weeks gestation during a 41/2‐year period and the morbidity in survivors at 2 years of age were reported. Hospital survival rates from 24–28 weeks at each week of gestation, excluding six infants with birth defects, were 36%, 32%, 57%, 70% and 74% respectively. The late outcome of children born at 24–26 weeks was compared with those born at 27–28 weeks. Of the 81 infants in the former group 46 (57%) died, nine (11%) survived with significant functional handicap and 26 (32%) were developing within the normal range. Of the 82 infants in the latter group, 28 (34%) died, eight (10%) survived with significant functional handicap and 46 (56%) were developing within the normal range. Although the mortality rate was significantly higher in the 24–26‐weeks group, the physical disability and functional handicap rates in survivors were not statistically different between the two groups. Neither was developmental progress, as determined by psychological assessment, different.
Haemodynamic assessment of fetal heart arrhythmias
Authors: LINGMAN GÖRAN , DAHLSTRÖM JAN‐ANDERS , EIK‐NES STURLA H. , MARŠÁL KAREL , OHLIN PER , OHRLANDER STEN 
Published: August 2005

Summary.The effects of fetal heart arrhythmias were examined serially in two pregnancies by three non‐invasive methods: fetal ECG, fetal phonocardiography and ultrasonic measurement of fetal blood flow. In a case of supraventricular arrhythmia, there was evidence suggesting that the stroke volume varied with ventricular filling according to the Frank ‐ Starling law. In a case of total atrioventricular block the mean blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and in the umbilical vein was within the normal range. Blood flow velocity in the inferior vena cava of the fetus reflected atrial contractions. In the phonocardiogram, a phenomenon similar to‘bruit de canon’ was found. Both pregnancies had good outcomes and subsequent development of the infants was normal except for the persisting dysrhythmias. The two cases exemplify how fetal heart function can be assessed in utero.
Effects of maternal cigarette smoking on fetal trunk movements, fetal breathing movements and the fetal heart rate
Authors: GOODMAN J. D. S. , VISSER F. G. A. , DAWES G. S. 
Published: August 2005

Summary.The acute effect of maternal cigarette smoking was studied in 10 patients between 37 and 40 weeks gestation. There was a significant reduction in the percentage of time the fetus spent moving during the first 16 min of smoking (P<0.02). No significant changes were seen in the proportion of time the fetus spent breathing or the number of times the fetus changed from high or intermediate to low heart period variability. There were significant reductions in the number of accelerations (P<0.01), beat‐to‐beat variation (P<0.01) and root‐mean‐square of the deviation around the mean (P<0.02).
Normal variation in the length of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle: identification of the short luteal phase
Authors: LENTON ELIZABETH A. , LANDGREN BRUT‐MARIE , SEXTON LYNNE 
Published: August 2005

Summary.Normal probability plots were used to assess the homogeneity of a population of 327 luteal phases from apparently ovulatory menstrual cycles. The length of the luteal phase was defined as the interval (in days) following but not including, the luteinizing hormone peak, up to and including the day before onset of menstruation. A small sub‐set of the population consisted of cycles with abnormally short luteal phases but the majority of the data followed a normal frequency distribution which gave a mean (± SD) for normal luteal phase length of 14.13 (± 1.41) days. It was estimated that all cycles with a luteal phase 9 days were abnormal, and that 74%, 22% and 2% respectively of cycles with luteal phases of 10, 11 and 12 days were also abnormal. The total incidence of short luteal phases defined as above was 5.2%.
Healing of cervical epithelium after laser treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: MAcLEAN ALLAN B. 
Published: August 2005

Summary.The recognition that only a minority of cervical premalignant lesions progress to invasion, and the increasing incidence of these lesions in young women, has led to a more conservative approach in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. One such method uses the carbon dioxide laser but inadequate length of follow‐up has prevented a prediction of risk of recurrence. Observations made in this study on the speed of healing, source of new epithelium, maturation of the epithelium and the absence of herpes nucleic acid suggest that this risk is low.