bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal individualized treatment rule for combination treatments under budget constraints
Authors: Xu Qi , Fu Haoda , Qu Annie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The individualized treatment rule (ITR), which recommends an optimal treatment based on individual characteristics, has drawn considerable interest from many areas such as precision medicine, personalized education, and personalized marketing. Existing ITR estimation methods mainly adopt 1 of 2 or more treatments. However, a combination of multiple treatments could be more powerful in various areas. In this paper, we propose a novel double encoder model (DEM) to estimate the ITR for combination treatments. The proposed double encoder model is a nonparametric model which not only flexibly incorporates complex treatment effects and interaction effects among treatments but also improves estimation efficiency via the parameter-sharing feature. In addition, we tailor the estimated ITR to budget constraints through a multi-choice knapsack formulation, which enhances our proposed method under restricted-resource scenarios. In theory, we provide the value reduction bound with or without budget constraints, and an improved convergence rate with respect to the number of treatments under the DEM. Our simulation studies show that the proposed method outperforms the existing ITR estimation in various settings. We also demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in patient-derived xenograft data that recommends optimal combination treatments to shrink the tumour size of the colorectal cancer.
Automatic change-point detection in time series via deep learning
Authors: Li Jie , Fearnhead Paul , Fryzlewicz Piotr , Wang Tengyao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDetecting change points in data is challenging because of the range of possible types of change and types of behaviour of data when there is no change. Statistically efficient methods for detecting a change will depend on both of these features, and it can be difficult for a practitioner to develop an appropriate detection method for their application of interest. We show how to automatically generate new offline detection methods based on training a neural network. Our approach is motivated by many existing tests for the presence of a change point being representable by a simple neural network, and thus a neural network trained with sufficient data should have performance at least as good as these methods. We present theory that quantifies the error rate for such an approach, and how it depends on the amount of training data. Empirical results show that, even with limited training data, its performance is competitive with the standard cumulative sum (CUSUM) based classifier for detecting a change in mean when the noise is independent and Gaussian, and can substantially outperform it in the presence of auto-correlated or heavy-tailed noise. Our method also shows strong results in detecting and localizing changes in activity based on accelerometer data.
Post-COVID-19 Condition in Military Personnel
Authors: Hitchcock Stuart , Cintron Samantha A , Kasuske Lalon , J. Diaz Francisco , Pierce Janet 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of individuals experienced persistent symptoms, collectively termed post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) by the World Health Organization. While civilian prevalence has been extensively studied, little is known about PCC in military personnel. This article highlights the need for increased awareness, documentation, and research on PCC within the military context, utilizing the Defense Health Agency database.

Materials and Methods
A keyword search of the PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was performed utilizing the keywords: military, post-COVID conditions, long COVID-19, and post-COVID19 syndrome. A five-stage integrative review framework was used to analyze 40 reports and research articles published from 2019 to 2023 to assess the current state of PCC research, including epidemiology, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, pathophysiology, and prevalence in military personnel.

Results
Our review revealed a notable gap in research on PCC within the military population, with only a few mentions in the literature. A key finding was the association between immunization status, symptom severity, and ethnicity in PCC development.

Conclusion
To comprehensively address PCC in military personnel, it is imperative to foster both awareness and documentation. Creating a centralized Defense Health Agency-DoD repository for active duty service members with PCC diagnoses offers a valuable opportunity to conduct trend analysis, identify missed cases, and better understand the individual and military readiness implications of this condition. Additionally, to address the educational needs of clinicians, it is essential to develop continuing medical education and continuing nursing education programs focusing on PCC signs, symptoms, and their impact on readiness. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials and longitudinal experimental clinical trials are essential for monitoring service members over time, providing valuable insights into the course of PCC and potential interventions. These research endeavors collectively contribute to improving the health, readiness, and care of military personnel affected by PCC.
The Military Health History: An Educational Initiative to Improve Veteran Healthcare
Authors: Brands Michael , Martin-Klinger Caitlin , Raines Amanda M , Roig Randolph 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As a result of the nature of military service, veterans are a unique patient population with many special health considerations. For various reasons, measures are often not taken by clinicians to address such special considerations. This results in a healthcare disparity for veterans first described by Dr. Jeffrey Brown in 2012. To address this disparity, we introduced “the military health history” to third-year medical students at a large medical school in the southeastern United States. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of this educational intervention and determine its potential role in creating a future in which veteran healthcare is of the highest quality.

Materials and Methods
This study was approved as a quality assurance/quality improvement project by both Louisiana State University Health Science Center and Southeast Louisiana Veteran Healthcare System IRB offices. A short lecture outlining the components of the military health history was presented to 186 third-year medical students. The students were given the opportunity to answer five survey questions before and after the lecture. These questions assessed the students’ current confidence performing a military health history, perceived importance of doing so, and likelihood of future implementation. To determine useful retention of the lecture material, the post-lecture survey was readministered to the same population sample 6 months after the lecture. A series of repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine changes in mean levels of confidence, importance, and likelihood of ascertaining military history during a patient encounter at pre- and post-presentation as well as at the 6 month follow-up.

Results
Results revealed a significant effect of time on importance, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.74, F (2, 87) = 15.41, P &lt; 0.001; confidence, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.61, F (2, 87) = 27.58, P &lt; 0.001; and likelihood of ascertaining a military history during a future patient encounter, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.46, F (2, 88) = 50.58, P &lt; 0.001. Results are demonstrated in detail in Table I of the manuscript.

Conclusion
The lecture resulted in a statistically significant increase over 6 months in both the likelihood and confidence parameters. The team believes that this result indicates that the students demonstrated useful retention of the lecture material. Our hope is that these students continue to employ the military health history throughout their years of clinical work. In the future, we plan to survey veterans immediately following Veterans Health Administration clinic visits with members of our study population to assess the patient’s perceived benefit of the military health history. The team will continue to investigate ways in which military health curricula can be implemented in undergraduate medical education.
Refractory Osteomyelitis in a Military Service Member Resolved With Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Spiro Jeffrey , Gedestad Michael , Wisniewski Piotr 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Refractory osteomyelitis is typically defined as a chronic infection that persists or recurs despite definitive surgical management and antibiotic therapy. Cases often involve complex wounds or fractures and can be challenging to treat, resulting in multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and numerous surgeries over periods of months to years. Adjuncts to improve resolution of these complicated infections are sorely needed. Here, we describe the case of a 47-year-old active duty military member who sustained an open right ankle fracture during a skydiving accident that was subsequently complicated by refractory osteomyelitis. The patient failed more than three courses of combined medical and surgical management over a 9-month period before undergoing adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), ultimately resulting in resolution of the infection. Adjunctive HBOT for treatment of conditions such as refractory osteomyelitis may be an underutilized resource in part because of a general paucity of high-quality data in the literature supporting its use, as well as a relative lack of availability of this resource. Nonetheless, the overall accumulating body of evidence indicates that the use of adjunctive HBOT in select patients with refractory osteomyelitis is safe and effective and further research may be warranted given its relevance and potential impact to military populations.
Radio jets in NGC 1068 with e-MERLIN and VLA: structure and morphology
Authors: Mutie Isaac M , Williams-Baldwin David , Beswick Robert J , Bempong-Manful Emmanuel K , Baki Paul O , Muxlow Tom W B , Gallimore Jack F , Aalto Susanne E , Dullo Bililign T , Baldi Ranieri D 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We present new high-sensitivity e-MERLIN and Very Large Array (VLA) radio images of the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 at 5, 10, and 21 GHz. We image the radio jet, from the compact components north-east (NE), C, S1, and S2 to the faint double-lobed jet structure of the NE and south-west (SW) jet lobes. We map the jet between 15 kλ  and  3300 kλ spatial scales by combining enhanced-Multi Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) and VLA data for the first time. Components NE, C, and S2 have steep spectra indicative of optically thin non-thermal emission domination between 5 and 21 GHz. Component S1, which is where the active galactic nucleus resides, has a flat radio spectrum. We report a new component, S2a, a part of the southern jet. We compare these new data with the MERLIN and VLA data observed in 1983, 1992, and 1995 and report a flux decrease by a factor of 2 in component C, suggesting variability of this jet component. With the high angular resolution e-MERLIN maps, we detect the bow shocks in the NE jet lobe that coincide with the molecular gas outflows observed with ALMA. The NE jet lobe has a jet power of $P_{\rm jet-NElobe}\, =\,$ 6.7 × 1042 erg s−1 and is considered to be responsible for driving out the dense molecular gas observed with ALMA around the same region.
Revealing the kinematic puzzle of the AGN host NGC 3884: optical integral field spectroscopy unravels stellar and gas motions
Authors: Riffel Rogemar A , Riffel Rogério , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Costa-Souza José Henrique , Souza-Oliveira Gabriel Luan , Bianchin Marina 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We used optical integral field spectroscopy to analyse the stellar and gas properties of the inner 1.4 kpc radius of NGC 3884, a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) host. The observations were performed with Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS)-Integral Field Unit at a seeing of ∼0.85 arcsec (475 pc at the galaxy) that allowed us to map the stellar and gas emission structure and kinematics, for the first time in this galaxy. The stellar motions are consistent with rotation in a disc, with the kinematic position angle (PA) ranging from approximately 0° within 500 pc to 20° beyond 1 kpc, consistent with the photometric PA. We detected extended ionized and neutral gas emission throughout most of the GMOS field of view, with three kinematic components: (i) a disc component with a kinematic PA similar to that of the stars beyond ∼670 pc from the nucleus; (ii) a twist in the PA of up to 60° at a smaller radii that we attribute to gas inflow towards the nucleus; and (iii) an outflow detected as broad components to the emission lines (σ ∼ 250–400 km s−1), with a maximum mass outflow rate of 0.25 ± 0.15 M⊙ yr−1 and a kinetic power corresponding to 0.06 per cent of the AGN bolometric luminosity, possibly being powerful enough to suppress star formation in the galaxy. The observed gas kinematics thus reveals both inflows and outflows in ionized gas.
The Uchuu–SDSS galaxy light-cones: a clustering, redshift space distortion and baryonic acoustic oscillation study
Authors: Dong-Páez C A , Smith A , Szewciw A O , Ereza J , Abdullah M H , Hernández-Aguayo C , Trusov S , Prada F , Klypin A , Ishiyama T , Berlind A , Zarrouk P , López Cacheiro J , Ruedas J 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWe present the data release of the Uchuu–SDSS galaxies: a set of 32 high-fidelity galaxy light-cones constructed from the large Uchuu 2.1 trillion particles N-body simulation using Planck cosmology. We adopt subhalo abundance matching to populate the Uchuu-box halo catalogues with SDSS galaxy luminosities. These box catalogues generated at several redshifts are combined to create a set of light-cones with redshift-evolving galaxy properties. The Uchuu–SDSS galaxy light-cones are built to reproduce the footprint and statistical properties of the SDSS main galaxy survey, along with stellar masses and star formation rates. This facilitates a direct comparison of the observed SDSS and simulated Uchuu–SDSS data. Our light-cones reproduce a large number of observational results, such as the distribution of galaxy properties, galaxy clustering, stellar mass functions, and halo occupation distributions. Using simulated and real data, we select samples of bright red galaxies at zeff = 0.15 to explore redshift space distortions and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) by fitting the full two-point correlation function and the BAO peak. We create a set of 5100 galaxy light-cones using GLAM N-body simulations to compute covariance errors. We report a $\sim 30~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ precision increase on fσ8 and the pre-reconstruction BAO scale, due to our better estimate of the covariance matrix. From our BAO-inferred α∥ and α⊥ parameters, we obtain the first SDSS measurements of the Hubble and angular diameter distances $D_\mathrm{H}(z=0.15) / r_d = 27.9^{+3.1}_{-2.7}$, $D_\mathrm{M}(z=0.15) / r_d = 5.1^{+0.4}_{-0.4}$. Overall, we conclude that the Planck Λ CDM cosmology nicely explains the observed large-scale structure statistics of SDSS. All data sets are made publicly available.
The intrinsic alignment of galaxy clusters and impact of projection effects
Authors: Shi Jingjing , Sunayama Tomomi , Kurita Toshiki , Takada Masahiro , Sugiyama Sunao , Mandelbaum Rachel , Miyatake Hironao , More Surhud , Nishimichi Takahiro , Johnston Harry 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters, being the most massive objects in the Universe, exhibit the strongest alignment with the large-scale structure. However, mis-identification of members due to projection effects from the large-scale structure can occur. We studied the impact of projection effects on the measurement of the intrinsic alignment of galaxy clusters, using galaxy cluster mock catalogues. Our findings showed that projection effects result in a decrease of the large-scale intrinsic alignment signal of the cluster and produce a bump at rp ∼ 1 h−1 Mpc, most likely due to interlopers and missed member galaxies. This decrease in signal explains the observed similar alignment strength between bright central galaxies and clusters in the SDSS $\rm redMaPPer$ cluster catalogue. The projection effect and cluster intrinsic alignment signal are coupled, with clusters having lower fractions of missing members or having higher fraction of interlopers exhibiting higher alignment signals in their projected shapes. We aim to use these findings to determine the impact of projection effects on galaxy cluster cosmology in future studies.
Off-nuclear H2O maser and dense molecular gas in NGC 1068
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Baan Willem A , Imanishi Masatoshi , Diamond Philip 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The results of high-resolution spectral-line observations of dense molecular gas are presented towards the nuclear region of the type 2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. MERLIN observations of the 22 GHz H2O maser were made for imaging the known off-nuclear maser emission at radio jet component located about 0.3 arcsec north-east of the radio nucleus in the galaxy. High angular resolution ALMA observations have spatially resolved the molecular gas emissions of HCN and HCO+ in this region. The off-nuclear maser spots are found to nearly overlap with a ring-like molecular gas structure and are tracing an evolving shock-like structure, which appears to be energized by interaction between the radio jet and circumnuclear medium. The scenario of the dynamic jet–ISM interaction is further supported by a systematic shift of the centroid velocities of the off-nuclear maser features over a period of 35 yr. The enhanced integrated flux ratios of the HCN to HCO+ line emission features at component C suggest a kinetic temperature Tk ≳ 300 K and an H2 density of ≳ 106 cm−3, which are conditions where water masers may be formed. The diagnostics of the masering action in this jet–ISM interaction region is exemplary for galaxies hosting off-nuclear H2O maser emission.
Nitric oxide sensor NsrR is the key direct regulator of magnetosome formation and nitrogen metabolism in Magnetospirillum
Authors: Pang Bo , Zheng Haolan , Ma Shijia , Tian Jiesheng , Wen Ying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role as signaling molecule in regulation of eukaryotic biomineralization, but its role in prokaryotic biomineralization is unknown. Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, a model strain for studies of prokaryotic biomineralization, has the unique ability to form magnetosomes (magnetic organelles). We demonstrate here that magnetosome biomineralization in MSR-1 requires the presence of NsrRMg (an NO sensor) and a certain level of NO. MSR-1 synthesizes endogenous NO via nitrification-denitrification pathway to activate magnetosome formation. NsrRMg was identified as a global transcriptional regulator that acts as a direct activator of magnetosome gene cluster (MGC) and nitrification genes but as a repressor of denitrification genes. Specific levels of NO modulate DNA-binding ability of NsrRMg to various target promoters, leading to enhancing expression of MGC genes, derepressing denitrification genes, and repressing nitrification genes. These regulatory functions help maintain appropriate endogenous NO level. This study identifies for the first time the key transcriptional regulator of major MGC genes, clarifies the molecular mechanisms underlying NsrR-mediated NO signal transduction in magnetosome formation, and provides a basis for a proposed model of the role of NO in the evolutionary origin of prokaryotic biomineralization processes.
Outcome of immunosuppression in children with IgA vasculitis–related nephritis
Authors: Rohner Katharina , Marlais Matko , Ahn Yo Han , Ali Alaa , Alsharief Abrar , Novak Anja Blejc , Brambilla Marta , Cakici Evrim Kargin , Candan Cengiz , Canpolat Nur , Chan Eugene Yu-hin , Decramer Stéphane , Didsbury Madeleine , Durao Filipa , Durkan Anne M , Düzova Ali , Forbes Thomas , Gracchi Valentina , Güngör Tulin , Horinouchi Tomoko , Kasap Demir Belde , Kobayashi Yasuko , Koskela Mikael , Kurt-Sukur Eda Didem , La Scola Claudio , Langan Dean , Li Xiaozhong , Malgieri Gabriele , Mastrangelo Antonio , Min Jeesu , Mizerska-Wasiak Malgorzata , Moussaoui Nabila , Noyan Aytul , Nuutinen Matti , O'Gormon Jennifer , Okamoto Takayuki , Oni Louise , Oosterveld Michiel , Pańczyk-Tomaszewska Malgorzata , Parmaksiz Gonul , Pasini Andrea , Rianthavorn Pornpimol , Roelofs Joris , Shen Yunyan , Sinha Rajiv , Topaloglu Rezan , Torres Diletta Domenica , Udagawa Tomohiro , Wennerström Martin , Yap Yok Chin , Tullus Kjell 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN) is the most common vasculitis in children. Due to a lack of evidence, treatment recommendations are based on expert opinion, resulting in variation. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of an extremely large cohort of children with biopsy-proven IgAVN in order to identify prognostic risk factors and signals of treatment efficacy.

Methods
Retrospective data were collected on 1148 children with biopsy-proven IgAVN between 2005 and 2019 from 41 international paediatric nephrology centres across 25 countries and analysed using multivariate analysis. The primary outcome was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and persistent proteinuria at last follow-up.

Results
The median follow-up was 3.7 years (interquartile range 2–6.2). At last follow-up, 29% of patients had an eGFR &lt;90 mL/min/1.73 m2, 36% had proteinuria and 3% had chronic kidney disease stage 4–5. Older age, lower eGFR at onset, hypertension and histological features of tubular atrophy and segmental sclerosis were predictors of poor outcome. There was no evidence to support any specific second-line immunosuppressive regimen being superior to others, even when further analysing subgroups of children with reduced kidney function, nephrotic syndrome or hypoalbuminemia at onset. Delayed start of immunosuppressive treatment was associated with a lower eGFR at last follow-up.

Conclusion
In this large retrospective cohort, key features associated with disease outcome are highlighted. Importantly, there was no evidence to support that any specific immunosuppressive treatments were superior to others. Further discovery science and well-conducted clinical trials are needed to define accurate treatment and improve outcomes of IgAVN.