bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moore’s Anti-skeptical Strategies
Authors: Lycan William G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moore is best known for his distinctive critiques of idealism and of skepticism. Few philosophers have defended idealism against him, because since his day few have defended idealism at all. But skeptics and their sympathizers have spoken out. For the most part, their responses have been shallow dismissals— that Moore has begged the question, that his privileging of ‘common sense’ is arbitrary and dogmatic, etc.— though there have been more extensive rebuttals as well.
Moore’s Common Sense
Authors: Coady C A J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
G. E. Moore made many important contributions to philosophy, but it is fair to say that his views on common sense are what most come to mind when his name is mentioned today. Many philosophers reject the views out of hand; others admire them; and many, perhaps most, are puzzled by them. My aim is to evaluate them and their significance for the practice of philosophy.
Can the Dead Speak?
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After G. E. Moore suffered a stroke, his physician advised against excitement or fatigue (Malcolm 1958, 67). Accordingly, Moore’s wife limited his philosophical conversations to 90 minutes. Ludwig Wittgenstein disapproved. A conversation with Moore should continue until it reached a proper ending. Moore had spent his whole life in the pursuit of truth. If he collapsed in the course of philosophical discussion, that would be a fitting death.
Desiring to Desire: Russell, Lewis and G. E Moore
Authors: Pigden Charles R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Moore’s Warning
‘I am the person Moore warned you against,’ joked David Lewis before reading his now famous paper, ‘Dispositional Theories of Value’, to the Aristotelian Society in 1989.³ The alleged warning occurs in §13 of Principia Ethica,⁴ the crucial passage in which Moore expounds the Open Question Argument. ‘To take, for instance one of the more plausible, because one of the more complicated of such [naturalistic] definitions,it may easily be thought, at first sight, that to be good may mean to be that which we desire to desire’ (PE, §13).
What’s Right with the Open Question Argument
Authors: Nuccetelli Susana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The substantive issues of moral ontology raised by G. E. Moore’s Open Question Argument (OQA) are bound up with difficult problems of knowledge, language, and philosophical analysis. Offered as a refutation of ethical naturalism, the OQA has been thought to founder on some such problems, as can be seen from the long and varied history of attempted rebuttals it has inspired. In spite of widespread objections, however, the argument has remained a central point of contention in the naturalism/non-naturalism debate, rivaled in longevity among Moore’s most controversial arguments not even by his 1939 ‘Proof of an External World’.
Non-naturalism
Authors: Shaver Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Non-naturalism has a musty reputation, redolent of Oxbridge dons delivering the opinions of the ‘best and most enlightened of men’ who perceive goodness just as mortals perceive yellowness (Ross 1939, 172; also Ross 1988, 41). In histories, it is noted chiefly as the theory so unacceptable that it inspired the non-cognitivists.
Beyond Moore’s Utilitarianism∗
Authors: Gert Joshua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout his career, Moore is conspicuous as a self-critic. His rhetoric in the first edition of Principia Ethica against Bentham, Mill, Spencer, and others is often extremely harsh, but it is hardly less harsh when, a few years later, in the preface to the second edition, he assesses his own previous arguments. Even at the end of his career he is constantly accusing his former self of ‘sheer mistakes’ and of making claims that were ‘certainly wrong’ or ‘utterly silly and preposterous’. It therefore seems to me most in the spirit of Moore to carry on this form of criticism, and to assume that he is capable of making claims that are manifestly false. This is what I intend to do in what follows. For, like the latter Moore, I think the former Moore had many essential points essentially correct. Yet, like the latter Moore, I think the former Moore was confused in many ways, overlooked huge distinctions, and often offered us assumptions instead of arguments.
Nineteenth-Century Kenotic Christology: The Waxing, Waning, and Weighing of a Quest for a Coherent Orthodoxy
Authors: Thompson Thomas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every Christology of Incarnational tack celebrates a kenotic motif. Only the most docetic of Christological models depreciate the deigning grace of God the Son, who though rich became poor for our sakes. Such impugn the gospel witness: that the wisdom of God is uniquely cruciform, and therefore humble and meek-a refinement in the doctrine of God that many Greeks found unpalatably foolish. At the heart of its confession, the catholic church has long affirmed the humbling, self-accommodating, lisping humanity of God. In this broad thematic sense a ‘kenotic Christology’ is rather a tautology, much like a ‘theology of hope’.
The Logic of Assumption
Authors: Driel Edwin Chr. van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most chapters of this volume are concerned with a constructive discussion of kenotic Christology. Most of them, however, also include a polemic twist, the object of which is what I call classical Christology: the post-Chalcedonian Christology of the Middle Ages, the Reformers, and Roman-Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed scholastic theology. Both classical and kenotic theologians are influenced by the language of Chalcedon: at once complete in Godhead and complete in manhood, truly God and truly man, ... one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only begotten, recognized in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division, without separation; the difference between the two natures being in no way annulled by the union, but rather the properties of each nature being preserved and concurring into one person and supposit.
Early Christianity in Michael Neander’s Greek–Latin Edition of Luther’s Catechism
Authors: Backus Irena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Michael Neander, who to this day has not been the subject of an in-depth study, is generally considered to be one of the most eminent educators of his day.1 Born Michael Neumann in 1525 in Sorau, he began studying in Wittenberg in 1543. We know that he attended Luther’s lectures and those of Justus Jonas and that he came to know Luther personally. His special mentor, however, was the ‘praeceptor Germaniae’ himself, Philip Melanchthon. Thus, as Neander had to leave Wittenberg in 1547 after the battle of Muühlberg, Melanchthon and Jonas recommended him as collaborator to the school at Nordhausen, where he was soon promoted to the post of co-rector.
Hermeneutic Circling: Empson, Rosemund Tuve, and the ‘Wimsatt Law’
Authors: Fry Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ‘The Marriage of Marvell’, William Empson challenges a 1939 article by one Fred Tupper claiming that Marvell never married his housekeeper. The dispute is full of side issues, and when at length Empson tires of all the parry and thrust, he turns on his opponent: ‘The fatal weakness of Tupper’, says Empson, ‘is that he has no sense of character’ ( UB 51). This round assertion makes the point I want to come back to in the end. For Empson, to grasp an intention is to have a sense of character, to know, like the magistrate Fielding, what a certain person would think or do in certain circumstances.1 The wonderfully Dickensian Tupper is a character who has no sense of character: in the spirit of this observation we infer that the critic is to approach an author or author’s character (e.g. Joyce’s Bloom) just as a novelist divines the motives of a character.
Monogamy and the Next Step? Empson and the Future of Love in Einstein’s Universe
Authors: Price Katy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empson left ‘Letter IV’ out of his Poems (1935) because, as he later explained, ‘the basic feelings seemed to have nothing to do with the moral, arrived at by allegorizing Eddington; it seemed sententious.’1 Characteristically, this raises more puzzles than it resolves: the basic feelings, the moral, and the allegory from Eddington are far from straightforward. Empson probably never performed the poem in public, describing it years later as ‘very much about a neurotic condition, and not I think suitable for a poetry-reading’ ( CP 273). Still less than satisfied when preparing his Collected Poems (1949, 1955) he published no further clues. Surrounded by more evidently successful and inviting pieces in that collection, the fourth Letter has drawn scant critical patience.
Form’s Matter: A Retrospective
Authors: Leighton Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is form? Why might form matter? Why does this word continue to worry our accounts of art? The word is utterly familiar, yet also unspecific, abstract, aloof. In literary criticism at least, it tends to figure without articles, not as a form or the form, or even the form of, but just ‘form’—as if it were one of those ‘essential Forms’1 which Plato placed beyond the world of passing appearances, ‘unchangeably in the same state for ever’.2 Those however, Plato also admits, ‘manifest themselves in a great variety of combinations, with actions, with material things, and with one another’.3 Somehow this platonic problem, of form which is both ‘essential’, yet becomes visible or ‘manifest’ in ‘material things’, transfers to the word itself. It is an abstraction from matter, removed and immaterial; but it is also subtly inflected towards matter. As a word it holds off from objects, being nothing but form, pure and singular; at the same time, its whole bent is towards materialization, towards being the shape or body of something.
Just a Word: On Woolf
Authors: Leighton Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Woolf is a novelist with a poet’s sense of the word. It is not just that she writes poetically, with a feel for verbal colour and affect, but that she finds in words, certain words in particular, a structuring device which is part of the story. Words, for Woolf, can have the poetic tangibility of solid objects. Her prose turns them over and over, till they ring unfamiliarly in the ear. She can thus, through repetition, make a word sound resistant and palpable, not a clear opening to sense which allows a meaning to pass, but thick with its own shape—indeed, just a word. Such words remain set against representation, their object to miss their object (in both senses of ‘miss’) and to call attention to themselves instead.
Spirits of the Dead
Authors: Carroll Maureen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spirits of the Dead examines the importance attached to preserving the memory of the dead in the Roman world, and explores the ways in which funerary inscriptions can be used to reconstruct Roman lives, however fragmentarily and imperfectly. It is the only study to examine epigraphic, historical, and archaeological evidence in order to gain insight into the way Romans used funerary texts to establish a dialogue with their own society. Maureen Carroll brings together a large body of material from many geographical areas, shedding light on provincial and regional variation in funerary commemoration and even on the differences between funerary traditions of neighbouring towns.
Fasti Sacerdotum
Authors: Rüpke Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This magisterial compilation personalizes and historicizes the history of religion in the city of Rome. After introductory essays on the documentary sources for the various Greek, Roman, Oriental, Jewish, and Christian cults in question, there are yearly lists of religious office-holders of various kinds, followed by 4,000 biographies of individuals who fulfilled ritual, organizational, or doctrinal roles. Concluding chapters discuss important aspects of Roman religion and its relationship with the state. The data assembled here will open up many new perspectives: on the social place of religion and certain cults, on the interplay between different religious groups, and on the organizational history of individual cults. The volume as a whole signifies a major advance in our understanding of ancient religions.
How To Use The Annual Lists And Biographies
Authors: Rüpke Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Priesthoods and functions are listed in annual compilations in a fixed sequence. Where no member or office- bearer can be named, even if the existence of the group or organization may be inferred on the basis of literary sources, the category is omitted. For years where this occurs, an attempt is made to establish activities that can be dated with certainty. These are then marked with an ‘X’ to indicate one or more anonymous individuals who can- not be identified, and a brief explanation is given in an associated footnote.
Structural Change In The Cult Of Jupiter Dolichenus: Observations On The Inscriptions Of The Aventine Dolichenum 1
Authors: Rüpke Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the course of the second century ad the Roman Empire, and especially the provinces of the north-west frontier from Britain to the Balkans, saw the spread of a cult in which the name of the principal god worshipped, Jupiter (Optimus Maximus) Dolichenus, and the image of the bearded god carrying a double axe and mounted on a steer, already prevalent in the ancient Orient, appear to have acquired a common identity. Despite clear indications as to the origin of the phenomenon—the cults of the town of Doliche-in the Commagene, thus in the extreme north of the later province of Syria—the real contemporary associations with this centre remain uncertain. As with many other cults that are apparently identical throughout the Empire, any organizational association is problematic, and an analysis of local processes of enculturation indicated.
Expressivity: the Romantic theory of authorship
Authors: Bennett Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the most famous sentence from the most famous of his essays, ‘The Death of the Author’ (1967), Roland Barthes declares that the literary text is ‘a tissue of quotations drawn from the innumerable centres of culture’. The statement eliminates the author from the definition of the text. Instead, for Barthes, the text is purely textual, and the author nowhere to be seen, radically absent, ‘dead’. Since the author has been pronounced ‘dead’, we must talk instead about a functionary called the ‘writer’ or ‘scriptor’. The writer or scriptor, Barthes proposes, originates nothing. Instead, he or she simply ‘imitate[s] a gesture that is always anterior’.
William Empson: from verbal analysis to cultural criticism
Authors: Fuller David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Empson was a theoretical anarchist. He regarded verbal analysis as primary, but he was otherwise led by the needs of the particular case, and might be led almost anywhere—to popular culture or heterodox learning; textual variants or an author’s life, conscious and unconscious; the first audience or the history of a work’s meanings; science or religions, Western and Eastern; the relationship of a writer or work to his own personal experience, or his rationalist ethical views. He wrote about poetry, plays, and novels, and considered work from The Epic of Gilgamesh to contemporaries. His written style—by turns comic or combative, passionate or ironic—is notably idiosyncratic.
The Hardboiled Detective as Moralist: Ethics in Crime Fiction
Authors: Berges Sandrine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although much has been written to show that literature can influence the moral character, the consensus seems to be that novels which are hard to read are good for you, and those which are not are bad. If that is the case, rather than a mere prejudice on the writers’ parts, then the view that literature is morally valuable is paradoxical. What is the point of something being useful for moral education if it is only accessible to a minority of adult readers? If novels are to form a part of moral education, then they had better be accessible to most readers at an age where their characters are not yet fully formed. So it would be nice if novels which do not fall into the category of ‘high literature’, but not into the junk-fiction category either, were good for one’s character. The argument of this chapter is that a certain kind of genre fiction can be morally valuable: the modern hardboiled detective novel. I shall begin, however, by arguing for the broader claim that literature in general, and fiction such as novels in particular, can be morally valuable.
Mixed Determinates: Pleasure, Good, and Truth
Authors: Scaltsas Theodore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I shall argue that Aristotle does not deliver on his promise. We shall investigate the notion of things ‘pleasant by nature’ ( ta physei hêdea ) and find that it does not secure the pleasant and conflict-free life that Aristotle describes. What is of interest in this investigation is not only the lost paradise, it is also the fact that the search reveals an Aristotelian doctrine about the way that human ends, and ends of nature, realize themselves as mixed determinates. Significantly, we shall find that the doctrine of mixed determinates is a theme that recurs across Aristotle’s thought, extending to the good, the true, and beyond.
Henrik Ibsen and the Birth of Modernism
Authors: Moi Toril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) is the founder of modern theater, and his plays are performed all over the world. Yet in spite of his unquestioned status as a classic of the stage, Ibsen is often dismissed as a boring old realist, whose plays are of interest only because they remain the gateway to modern theater. In Henrik Ibsen and the Birth of Modernism, Toril Moi makes a powerful case not just for Ibsen's modernity, but also for his modernism. Henrik Ibsen and the Birth of Modernism situates Ibsen in his cultural context, emphasizes his position as a Norwegian in European culture, and shows how important painting and other visual arts were for his aesthetic education. The book rewrites literary history, reminding modern readers that idealism was the dominant aesthetic paradigm of the nineteenth century. Modernism was born in the ruins of idealism, Moi argues, thus challenging traditional theories of the opposition between realism and modernism. By reading Ibsen's modernist plays as investigations of the fate of love in an age of skepticism, Moi shows why Ibsen still matters to us. In this book, Ibsen's plays are showed to be profoundly concerned by theater and theatricality, both on stage and in everyday life. Ibsen's unsettling explorations of women, men, and marriage here emerge as chronicles of the tension between skepticism and the everyday, and between critique and utopia in modernity. This radical new account places Ibsen in his rightful place alongside Baudelaire, Flaubert, and Manet as a founder of European modernism.
Debating Patronage: The Cases of Argos and Corinth
Authors: Morgan Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the circumstances of, and motivation for, patronage of epinikian poets, and of Pindar in particular, in relation both to other forms of elite status expression and to the various charges upon local elites in the provision of athletic festivals and facilities during the early fifth century. The Archaic cultural heritage of Pindar’s poetry is often emphasized. Yet as is widely acknowledged, the immediate, fifth-century, circumstances of the commissions which he fulfilled add a critical dimension. How this should be understood is, however, more problematic. Arguments have ranged from a perceived (and surely erroneous) contrast between the ‘conservatism’ of the old oligarchies who patronized Pindar and ‘advanced’ new democracies like Athens, to the rise of new money trying to buy into the values of the old aristocracy.
South Asia and Southeast Asia
Authors: Patke Rajeev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asia has served as a magnet for invaders from Europe ever since Alexander the Great turned back reluctantly from what is now Pakistan. South and Southeast Asia presented Europeans with climates and demographic densities that did not encourage settlement, although they offered ample opportunities for trade and territorial control. The British were the most successful among European colonizers in Asia. This chapter surveys the growth of Asian poetry in English in a context where national and postcolonial agendas focus on keeping multi-racial and multicultural societies on the path to modernity, and English prevails as the language of internal unity and international globalization.
The Caribbean
Authors: Patke Rajeev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chief feature of Caribbean societies is their extreme heterogeneity, which is the product of several centuries of slavery and indentured labour organized into plantation colonies in order to generate profit for Europeans. The contemporary Caribbean is also notable for a restless energy that domesticates language to local rhythms and intonations, while propelling many of its writers into diasporic movement from the homes to which their ancestors were transplanted. Caribbean plurality partakes equally of the exuberant and the troubled. Its logic of self-discovery is driven by a powerful sense of collective displacement.
The settler countries
Authors: Patke Rajeev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The earliest poets to use English outside Britain came from the settler regions of the British Empire. Regional traditions grew in self-confidence as the strings that attached settlements to Britain became attenuated. Poets and critics from North America, Australia, New Zealand, and white South Africa do not generally see their poetic traditions as part of the narrative of postcolonial poetry. Their view of the national literature recognizes a colonial period, but rarely uses ‘postcolonial’ to refer either to the period or the processes that show political self-rule translated by writers into cultural self-confidence. Yet the development of local traditions in the settler countries depended on struggling to overcome colonial dependency long after political autonomy was accomplished. Their path to literary self-confidence ran roughly parallel, but prior, to the processes of cultural decolonization in non-settler colonies. A comparative view of developments in the settler countries thus contributes significantly to a broad-based account of postcolonial poetry in English.
Techniques of self-representation
Authors: Patke Rajeev S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The consolidation of local traditions in the former colonies has depended on the capacity of poets to take on the challenges of selfrepresentation in a cultural climate relatively free of cultural cringe. The struggle to achieve that freedom is here illustrated in three case studies. The first shows African poets from the 1960s and ‘70s learning to use indigenous myths in a context informed by modernist writing. The second traces the growth of confidence in contemporary writing by women, chiefly from the Caribbean. The third examines the scope for creative overlap between a postcolonial predicament and a postmodern sensibility, as exemplified by the bilingual work of a poet from South Asia. The extended treatment given his work is meant to show how the literal and metaphorical activity of translation is at work in the spread of modernist and postmodernist practices to postcolonial poetry.