bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of total fetal activity measurement with the biophysical profile in predicting intra‐amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Roberts A. B. , Goldstein I. , Romero R. , Hobbins J. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA comparison was made between measurement of total fetal activity and biophysical profile as predictors of infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Sixty‐four patients with premature rupture of membranes, not in labor, between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation were studied. All patients had an amniocentesis and 25 patients were diagnosed as having intra‐amniotic infection.The sensitivities of the tests were 96% and 92%, respectively, with specificities of 82% and 59%. Measurement of the total fetal activity had significantly better specificity. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sensitivity and specificity of routine antenatal screening for congenital anomalies by ultrasound: The Belgian Multicentric Study
Authors: Levi S. , Hyjazi Y. , Schaapst J.‐P. , Defoort P. , Coulon R. , Buekens P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUnited States and European consensus views differ on the place of routine ultrasound scans during pregnancy and the validity of such scans as screening tests for fetal malformations in the general population is still under debate. Four ultrasound laboratories from Obstetric and Gynecology departments of Belgian University hospitals and affiliated hospitals have conducted a prospective study from 1984 to 1989 to compare the anomalies discovered in ultrasonic screening of the fetus with the anomalies of the neonates.Of 16 370 pregnant women at normal risk for congenital anomalies attending the an tenatal clinics of these hospitals, 16 072 have had at least one ultrasound screening for congenital anomalies (98.5%). Congenital anomalies, single or multiple and ‘minor’ or ‘major’, were clearly defined in order to allow comparisons. The excluded congenital anomalies were listed as defined in the Eurocat Register. A total of 381 fetuses (2.3%) were structurally abnormal. Of the 381, 154 were correctly detected by ultrasound (sensitivity 40.4%). Altogether 15 972 fetuses were true negatives (specificity 99.9%). Eight (0.05%) were false positive for congenital anomalies. The positive predictive value was 95.1% and the negative predictive value was 98.6%. Ultrasound diagnoses were correctly achieved before 23 weeks of gestation for 21% of the anomalies. The gestational age, operator and technical dependence of ultrasound screening for congenital anomalies is discussed. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Tracking of fetal breathing movements by pulsed Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Shinozuka N , Yamakoshi Y. , Okai T. , Mizuno M 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal breathing movements form a useful means of monitoring fetal conditions and functional development. Precise quantitative evaluation of fetal breathing movements requires the development of a continuous automated technique. A preliminary study of Doppler signals due to fetal breathing movements was carried out using a cardiotocograph in which the normal high‐pass ‘thump’ filter had been removed. A pulsed Doppler system was then modified to produce five simultaneous outputs representing movement at depths separated by 1.5‐cm intervals. These outputs represent the displacement inside tissue at the various depths. Signal processing was executed on a 32‐bit computer with an analog‐to‐digital converter. On‐line processing using a zero‐crossing method and an off‐line high‐accuracy displacement estimation technique using an arc‐tangent method were applied. Using computerized signal processing, it was possible to detect movements of a few hundred microns representing fetal breathing movements while rejecting gross movements due to maternal breathing, etc. Although further studies are required before clinical application, it appears that quantitative assessments of fetal breathing movements should be possible with this technique. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Randomized study of early amniocentesis versus chorionic villus sampling: a technical and cytogenetic comparison of 650 patients
Authors: Byrne D. , Marks K. , Azar G. , Nicolaides K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a prospective randomized trial of 650 patients at 10–13 weeks' gestation, early amniocentesis was compared to chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for successful sampling and cytogenetic results and the speed with which results can he obtained. The indications for fetal karyotyping were advanced maternal age, parental anxiety or a family history of chromosomal abnormality in the absence of a balanced parental translocation. At early amniocentesis, 10 ml of amniotic fluid were successfully obtained in all 324 cases, in 320 (98.8%) at the first attempt and in four cases (1.2%) after two needle insertions. CVS provided sufficient material for cytogenetic analysis in 314 of 326 (96.3%) cases at the first attempt and in nine (2.8%) after two needle insertions; in three cases only maternal tissue was obtained and subsequently early amniocentesis was performed. Cell culture and chromosomal analysis were successful in 318 of 324 (98.1%) cases of early amniocentesis and in 321 of the 323 (99.4%) cases of CVS where villi were obtained. The median interval between sampling and successful result from cell culture was 12 days for early amniocentesis and 11 days for CVS. Mosaicism was detected in five cases of CVS but in none of the early amniocenteses; three of these cases were confirmed as true fetal mosaics. This study illustrates that early amniocentesis is a viable alternative to CVS for first‐trimester fetal karyotyping. The results of the continuing prospective 1 trial will establish the safety and cytogenetic accuracy of the two techniques. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐ and early second‐trimester oligohydramnios—a predictor of poor fetal outcome except in iatrogenic oligohydramnios post chorionic villus biopsy
Authors: Bronshtein M. , Blumenfeld Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhereas a well‐known association exists between oligohydramnios and renal agenesis, renal dysplasia, urinary tract obstruction and intrauterine growth retardation in the second half of pregnancy, the causes and prognosis of early oligohydramnios are less known. Twelve cases of first‐ and early second‐trimester oligohydramnios were detected out of 5000 fetal screenings for malformation detection. Two out of these 12 cases occurred in patients who had undergone chorionic villus sampling, two were associated with premature rupture of membranes, six were associated with fetal cardiac malformations and two cases were idiopathic. Whereas ten out of 12 cases ended in intrauterine fetal death, spontaneous or therapeutic abortions, in the two cases which developed after chorionic villus sampling the oligohydramnios was self‐limiting and these two pregnancies ended in term deliveries of normal, healthy neonates. It may be concluded that oligohydramnios in the first half of gestation bears a poor fetal prognosis except in cases where it follows chorionic villus sampling. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prognostic appraisal of success and failure in an in vitro fertilization program by transvaginal Doppler ultrasound at the time of ovulation induction
Authors: Strohmer H. , Herczeg C. , Plöckinger B. , Kemeter P. , Feichtinger W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn 323 stimulated cycles of women participating in in vitro fertilization treatment, a transvaginal Doppler examination was performed on the day of ovulation induction to investigate the value of blood flow velocimetry of the uterine artery. The results showed a significantly lower pulsatility index in patients who conceived (n = 42) compared with those who did not become pregnant (n = 272). The differences were especially marked during the first cycles. These results suggest that studies of the uterine hemodynamic response are useful in appraising the likelihood of success of implantation after embryo transfer. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Diagnosis of fetal lung maturity by ultrasound: a new method and first results
Authors: Sohn Ch. , Stolz W. , Bastert G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe first results are presented of a method to determine the maturity of fetal lung by sonography. By comparing the frequency characteristics of lung echoes to those from the fetal liver as a reference organ, we avoid the known pitfalls which previously made it impossible to standardize fetal lung changes with gestation.We examined 222 patients between 27 and 39 completed weeks of gestation. In one ultrasound section we depicted fetal lung and liver simultaneously. Switching to A‐mode we registered the frequencies contained in the video envelope in both organs.The registered frequencies were entered digitally in to a computer and checked for mean frequency, maximum frequency and minimum frequency. Afterwards, the ratio of the frequencies of the lung and liver were obtained. For all weeks of gestation, the mean value and standard deviation were calculated.We found the liver to be an adequate reference organ, since there is no change of the reflection pattern between the different weeks of gestation, while significant changes were registered in the fetal lungs. A quotient of Qmean lower than 1.1 suggests lung maturity, while values over 1.1 point to immaturity.This appeared to be confirmed in 13 patients who had agreement between amniotic fluid lecithin values and Qmean. Further comparisons with amniotic fluid results will have to validate these findings. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume: a comparison of the single deepest pool and amniotic fluid index to predict perinatal morbidity
Authors: Ajayi R. A. , Soothill P. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe ability of the amniotic fluid index and the single deepest pool to predict perinatal morbidity was compared in 291 high‐risk singleton pregnancies without ruptured membranes or fetal renal abnormalities. A poor outcome was defined as a birth weight < −2 standard deviations, emergency Cesarean section for fetal heart rate abnormalities in labor, 5‐minute Apgar score < 7, umbilical venous pH at delivery < 7.15 and admission to the special care baby unit. At least one of these parameters occurred in 71 (24%) of the 291 pregnancies. Oligohydramnios (an amniotic fluid index ≤ 5 cm) occurred in 19 (6.5%) of the 291 pregnancies; this group was more likely to have a poor outcome than those with an amniotic fluid index > 5 cm (χ2 = 2.41, p = 0.02). There was a significant correlation between amniotic fluid index and single deepest pool measurements ( r = 0.83, n = 291, p < 0.0001). At the recommended cut‐off values, the single deepest pool and the amniotic fluid index had sensitivities of 7% and 13%, respectively and specificities of 96% and 95% for predicting perinatal morbidity. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that these poor results were not the result of the cut‐off values chosen and that the performances of the amniotic fluid index and single deepest pool were similar. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Relationship between umbilical and fetal cerebral blood flow velocity waveforms and umbilical venous blood gases
Authors: Bonnin Ph. , Guyot B. , Bailliart O. , Benard C. , Blot Ph. , Martineaud J. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNineteen women (mean ± SD: 28 ± 5 years) with small fetuses relative to gestational age (mean ± SD: 32 ± 2.2 weeks of gestation) were referred to our unit for cordocentesis for the determination of fetal karyotyping. Four of these 19 patients had small‐for‐gestational‐age ultrasound‐derived measurements under the third centile for gestational age. Fetal blood gases were measured in the umbilical vein. Umbilical artery and fetal internal carotid artery Doppler examinations were performed 15 min before cordocentesis. The results showed a progressive and proportional increase in umbilical artery resistance index with hypoxia (p < 0.001), hypercapnia (p < 0.025) and acidosis (p < 0.005). Moreover, the results showed a progressive and proportional decrease in fetal internal carotid artery resistance index with hypoxia (p < 0.01), hypercapnia (p < 0.01) and acidosis (p < 0.025). Fetal blood gases are therefore related to umbilical circulatory function and cerebral vasodilatation, suggesting fetal vascular redistribution. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Trisomy 18: behavioral and structural abnormalities. An ultrasonographic case study
Authors: Hepper P. G. , Shahidullah S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA behavioral and structural analysis using ultrasound of a fetus suffering from Edwards syndrome is described. A number of structural anomalies were observed: the classic hand deformity, extended legs, diamond‐shaped head, open mouth and a severe cardiac abnormality. A number of distinctive behavior patterns were observed: vertical eye movements, longitudinal rotation of the trunk, rotation of hands, tremor of extremities and pulsatile body movements, which are not usually seen in the normal fetus. The use of behavioral indicators in the diagnosis of abnormalities is discussed. We conclude that the analysis of behavior may make a significant contribution to the ultrasonographic diagnosis of handicap. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Retention of fetal bones 8 years following termination of pregnancy
Authors: Al‐Shawaf T. , Brown J. , Keegan C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on an unusual case where bone had been retained in the endometrium for a period of 8 years following termination, causing no symptoms except subfertility. Routine ultrasonography diagnosed the foreign body and this was removed by hysteroscopy assisted by ultrasound scanning. Pregnancy resulted after 6 months. A review of the literature is presented. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal ultrasound semiography of anencephaly: sonographic—pathological correlations
Authors: Salamanca A. , Gonzalez‐Gomez F. , Padilla M. C. , Sabatel R. M. , Cámara M. , Cuadros J. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA better understanding of the ultrasound findings in each of the different types of fetal anencephaly can help to reduce the number of false‐negative diagnoses of this condition during the prenatal period.Errors in the estimation of the remaining cerebral tissue (angiomatous stroma, area cerebrovasculosa) can cause false‐negative diagnoses or diagnostic confusion with cases of microcephaly or incomplete ossification of the cranial vault.In a retrospective study, 30 fetuses with anencephaly (diagnosed at 13–38 weeks of gestation) were grouped, in terms of their ultrasound results, according to the Nanagas classification. The ultrasound diagnoses were then correlated with those found through autopsy, to identify any errors in the ultrasound classification. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Early prenatal diagnosis of type II cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: sonographic and histological findings
Authors: Catanzarite V. , Mendoza A. , Chapman T. , Muller W. , Maida C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare abnormality of the fetal lung. Depending on the size and histology of the cyst, it is classified as type I, II or III. With improving ultrasound technology, prenatal diagnosis during the mid‐trimester is now possible; however, the earliest previous reports of type II cases have been at 23–24 weeks' gestation. We here report cases diagnosed at 19.5 and 20.5 weeks. In contrast to the appearance of multiple small cysts seen later in pregnancy, these cases showed a predominance of marked hyperechogenicity, usually associated with type III malformations, with small areas of lung involved by sonographically detectable cysts. Both families chose pregnancy termination. Sonographic findings, counselling, and histology are presented and discussed. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonography of fetal Dandy—Walker malformation: a reappraisal
Authors: Pilu G. , Goldstein I. , Reece E. A. , Perolo A. , Foschini M. P. , Hobbins J. C. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThirty‐four cases of fetal Dandy‐Walker malformation recognized in utero with ultrasound between 16 and 37 weeks' gestation are reported. In each case a qualitative examination of the posterior fossa structures was performed, including the cerebellar hemispheres, cerebellar vermis, fourth ventricle and cisterna magna. In each case, the transverse cerebellar diameter and the depth of the cisterna magna were measured in a standard transcerebellar view of the fetal brain. The atrial width of the lateral ventricles was also assessed. The transverse cerebellar diameter was abnormal in 15 cases, the cisterna magna depth was abnormal in 33, and the atrial width was abnormal in 30. It is concluded that measurement of the transverse cerebellar diameter is unreliable in predicting fetal Dandy‐Walker malformation. Measurements of the cisterna magna and atrium seem to be more valuable, although the real sensitivity remains unclear. In pregnancies at risk for fetal Dandy‐Walker malformation, the sonographic examination should not be limited to the cerebral ventricles and transcerebellar view but should include a detailed evaluation of all the different anatomical components of the posterior fossa, especially the fourth ventricle and inferior cerebellar vermis. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Comparison of the prognostic value of pulsed Doppler blood flow parameters to predict SGA and fetal distress
Authors: Arabin B. , Mohnhaupt A. , Becker R. , Weitzel H. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of 219 women with complicated pregnancies had Doppler assessment of uteroplacental arteries, the umbilical artery, the fetal common carotid artery and the descending thoracic aorta to determine the prognostic value of Doppler examinations to predict the birth of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infant with or without fetal distress. Preliminary reproducibility studies showed that the resistance index, pulsatility index and intensity weighted flow velocity had the lowest coefficients of variation. Data on the systolic/diastolic ratio and mean blood flow volume were, therefore, not considered for further evaluation.Measurements were classified according to the time interval of the examination to the delivery of the baby according to the following groupings: 0–14 days, 15–28 days and 29–42 days. For evaluation of the SGA fetus complicated by fetal distress, only measurements within 2 weeks of delivery were analyzed. Significant differences were calculated by considering the area below the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.Only Doppler studies of the uteroplacental arteries (mainly resistance index) were predictive of the later development of the SGA fetus. All fetal parameters showed an increasing improvement in the predictive capacity for an SGA infant, the closer the measurements were made to the time of delivery. This improvement was not observed for uteroplacental vessels.The resistance index of the uteroplacental vessels was significantly higher in SGA pregnancies complicated by fetal distress compared to SGA pregnancies alone. However, ROC analysis revealed that fetal Doppler velocimetry was more strongly related to fetal distress than SGA only. The single best fetal parameter was the mean velocity in the fetal descending thoracic aorta but the velocity ratio of the fetal common carotid artery over the fetal descending thoracic aorta had the highest predictive capacity for the SGA pregnancy complicated by fetal distress. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal hyperoxygenation: a fetal blood flow velocity prognosis test in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses?
Authors: de Rochambeau B. , Poix D. , Mellier G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMaternal hyperoxygenation tests were performed in 20 small‐for‐gestational age fetuses using 8 l/min of 70% humidified oxygen given for 20 min through a face mask.Assessments were made of the fetal blood flow velocity, and the placental resistance index, cerebral resistance index and cerebroplacental ratio were calculated in 78 normal pregnancies and in the 20 small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses during the hyperoxygenation test. The test was positive when the velocity indices increased by more than 10%. The reference ranges for placental and cerebral resistance indices were derived from the data measured in the 78 normal pregnancies. Of the 20 small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses, three had a normal placental resistance index with a negative oxygen test response and a good fetal outcome. Seven had a mild increase in placental resistance index (> +2SD) and a brain‐sparing effect was observed (cerebral resistance index < −2SD or cerebroplacental ratio < l). In these seven fetuses, the fetal outcome was not poor, whether the oxygen test response was negative or positive.Ten of the 20 small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses had no umbilical diastolic flow (placental resistance index = 1) and a brain‐sparing effect. Their outcome was strongly dependent on the oxygen test response: a positive response indicated a good prognosis, a negative one a poor fetal outcome. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fallopian tube carcinoma: recent diagnostic approach by color Doppler imaging
Authors: Shalan H. , Sosic A. , Kurjak A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case of primary adenocarcinoma of the Fallopian tube is presented. The diagnosis was made preoperatively by transvaginal color Doppler imaging. The tumor revealed areas of neovascularization with characteristic low impedance (resistance index, 0.35) and high blood flow velocity (peak systolic velocity, 16.7 cm/s) Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Foramen ovale: an ultrasonographic study of its relation to the inferior vena cava, ductus venosus and hepatic veins
Authors: Kiserud T. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Blaas H.‐G. , Hellevik L. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAccording to the literature, oxygenated blood from the ductus venosus and hepatic veins may either enter the right atrium before flowing through the foramen ovale to the left atrium, or flow directly from the ductus venosus and the hepatic veins to the foramen ovale, bypassing the right atrium. To address this problem, 103 normal fetuses were examined by two‐dimensional imaging, M‐mode and color Doppler at an average gestational age of 27 weeks (range, 15–40 weeks). The position of the ventricular septum and foramen ovale, and the angle and flow direction of the inferior vena cava, ductus venosus and hepatic veins were recorded. Two pathways for blood were described: a left ductus venosus‐foramen ovale pathway that delivers blood directly to the foramen ovale circumventing the right atrium, and a right inferior vena cava‐right atrium pathway that delivers blood into the right atrium through the right portion of the proximal inferior vena cava at an angle of 13° to the long axis of the spine. The left and medial hepatic veins enter the left ductus venosus‐foramen ovale pathway, and the right hepatic vein enters the right inferior vena cava‐right atrium pathway. This supports the hypothesis that oxygenated blood from the ductus venosus and left hepatic veins flows directly through the foramen ovale to the left atrium avoiding extensive mixture in the inferior vena cava and an intermediate entrance to the right atrium. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology