bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-acquired acute renal failure in dogs: 29 cases (1983–1992)
Authors: Behrend E. N. , Grauer G. F. , Mani I. , Groman R. P. , Salman M. D. , Greco D. S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess factors associated with development of hospital-acquired acute renal failure (HARF) and to determine outcome of and prognostic indicators for dogs with HARF.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
29 dogs.

Results
The most common inciting causes for development of HARF were exposure to a nephrotoxicant and advanced age. Mortality was 62%, and factors that contributed to mortality were age and initial urine output. Dogs ≥ 7 years old and dogs that were initially oliguric had an odds ratio of mortality of 8.8 and 20, respectively. The effect of preexisting heart disease on mortality approached significance (P = 0.053). The magnitude of azotemia at the time of diagnosis was not related to the chance for survival. Dogs that died had a significantly higher initial anion gap and serum phosphorus concentration than did dogs that survived. We did not detect a relationship between cause of HARF and outcome (survived vs died or euthanatized).

Clinical Implications
In most cases, HARF is associated with a poor outcome. Older dogs may be at increased risk for development of HARF, and once HARF has developed, have a greater chance of dying. Prognosis can not be determined on the magnitude of azotemia at the time of diagnosis or on the inciting cause of HARF. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:537–541)
Risk factors for history of previous colic and for chronic, intermittent colic in a population of horses
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Peloso John G. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify risk factors for recurrent colic and chronic, intermittent colic in horses.

Design
Case control study.

Animals
The population included 768 horses examined by veterinarians in Texas for colic and 446 horses examined by these veterinarians for emergencies other than colic (control group).

Procedure
Horses with colic that had history of colic (n = 232) were compared with those without such history (n = 536), using logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for history of previous colic and to determine odds ratios (OR) for these associations. Among the 232 horses in the history of colic group, 58 horses that had chronic, intermittent colic were compared with the no history of colic group and the control group to identify factors associated with chronic, intermittent colic, using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
Among horses with colic, factors significantly associated with history of colic by multiple logistic regression analysis included history of abdominal surgery (OR = 3.1; P < 0.0001), age > 8 years (OR = 1.5; P < 0.0001), feeding of coastal grass hay (OR = 1.34; P = 0.012), Arabian breed (OR = 1.28; P = 0.044), and recent change in stabling (OR = 0.76, P = 0.024). Among horses with colic, factors significantly associated with chronic, intermittent colic were history of previous abdominal surgery (OR = 2.2; P = 0.021), age > 8 years (OR = 2.0; P < 0.0001), being a gelding (OR = 1.7 with female as the reference population; P = 0.002), feeding of coastal grass hay (OR = 1.6; P = 0.045), and farm density < 0.5 horses/acre (OR = 1.6; P = 0.003). When the CIC group was compared with the control group, significant risk factors included history of abdominal surgery (OR = 270.7; P < 0.0001), age > 8 years (OR = 2.4; P < 0.0001), recent change in diet (OR = 2.1; P = 0.005), farm density < 0.5 horses/acre (OR = 2.0; P = 0.0001); being a gelding (OR = 1.8, with female as the reference population; P = 0.002), and Arabian breed (OR = 1.6; P = 0.050).

Clinical Implications
Certain findings of signalment and management factors may identify horses at increased risk of recurrent forms of colic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:697–703)
Factors associated with finishing status for dogs competing in a long-distance sled race
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W , Farris Jim , Schmidt Karin E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether selected factors were associated with finishing status in a long-distance sled dog race.

Design
Prospective, observational study.

Animals
248 dogs participating in the 1994 Iditarod Trail sled race that were members of 13 teams that finished the race. Dogs were not selected randomly, but were members of teams that were easily accessible for examination before the race. The proportion of teams that were examined that finished the race (14/17) was similar to the proportion of teams that were not examined that finished the race (36/41).

Procedure
Age, sex, body conformation (weight, length, and thoracic width and circumference), cardiac variables (heart rate, natural logarithm of heart period variance, PR interval, QRS duration, QT index, R wave amplitude in leads II and V3, mean electrical axis, presence of cardiac arrhythmias suggestive of myocardial disease), and athletic ranking as assessed by the musher were compared between dogs that finished the race (n = 128) and dogs that did not finish (n = 120).

Results
The only factor found to differ significantly (P < 0.05) between finishers and nonfinishers was athletic ranking as assessed by the musher. Athletic rank and QRS duration or QRS duration normalized for body weight were identified by means of logistic regression as variables associated (P < 0.15) with finishing status. There was a significant (P < 0.0001), but weak (R2 = 0.18), linear relationship between race time and mean QRS duration for each team.

Clinical Implications
Athletic ranking as assessed by the musher was the most important of the studied variables in determining finishing status, whereas age, sex, body conformation, and body weight were unimportant. Duration of the QRS was of minor importance in determining finishing status. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 206:879–882)
Attitudes of veterinarians to a standardized slaughter-monitoring program for pigs
Authors: Davies Peter R. , Bahnson Peter B. , Grass Julie J. , Marsh William E. , Dial Gary D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine attitudes of participating veterinarians toward a standardized slaughter-monitoring program for swine.

Design
Survey by mail questionnaire.

Sample Population
30 of 35 veterinarians in Minnesota who had participated in the program in 1993.

Procedure
Survey was conducted regarding a slaughter-monitoring program. Respondents answered questions related to professional experience, use of slaughter inspections, methods, advantages and disadvantages of the program, effects on clients and business, labor requirements, referral of inspections, confidence in identifying lesions, and usefulness of reports for on-farm decision making.

Results
27 respondents expressed overall satisfaction with the program. Perceived advantages of the program included use of standardized methods, quality of reports, inspection of more types of lesions, and accumulation of data. Disadvantages predominantly related to increased time commitments for veterinarians. Data considered most useful for on-farm decision making were white spots on livers, nasal turbinate atrophy, and lesions indicative of papular dermatitis and enzootic pneumonia. Respondents perceived positive effects of participating in this program In the areas of recruitment of clients, frequency of visits to clients, recommendations made to clients, satisfaction of client needs, and generation of revenue.

Clinical Implications
A standardized slaughter-monitoring program designed to provide improved information from slaughter inspections may be beneficial to the businesses of participating veterinarians. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:123–126)
Pulmonary lobectomy in the management of pneumonia in dogs: 59 cases (1972–1994)
Authors: Murphy Scott Thomas , Ellison Gary Wayne , McKiernan Brendan Colm , Mathews Kyle Gene , Kubilis Paul Scott 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the risk and efficacy of pulmonary lobectomy in dogs with pneumonia.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
59 dogs with pneumonia.

Procedure
Review of medical records and telephone conversations.

Results
54.2% of dogs had resolution of pneumonia after lobectomy, 20.3% died in the perioperative period, and 25.4% survived the perioperative period but pneumonia did not resolve. Pneumonia was caused by bacteria (25 dogs), fungi (12), foreign bodies (8), parasites (1), viruses (1), and allergies (1). In 11 dogs, the etiologic agent was not isolated. Bacterial or fungal pneumonias were significantly less likely to resolve compared with foreign body pneumonia or when an etiologic agent was not isolated. Perioperative mortality rate increased significantly with an increase in number of pulmonary lobes removed. Complications during surgery significantly increased perioperative mortality rate. Surgical era (1972 to 1983 vs 1984 to 1994) was a significant predictor of mortality, with the odds of dying in the perioperative period being 11 times greater between 1972 to 1983. The odds of failure to resolve pneumonia was 3 times greater during 1972 to 1983.

Clinical Implications
Number of pulmonary lobes removed and complications during surgery significantly affect perioperative mortality rate. Identification of etiologic agents may help in predicting dogs likely to resolve pneumonia after surgery.
Fuzzy systems approach to diagnosis in the postpartum cow
Authors: Bellamy James E. C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A computer-based fuzzy systems approach to diagnosis was compared with a standard rule-based approach for ability to diagnose 1 or more of 14 diseases in postpartum cows. A comparison between the 2 systems, using the same 12 input variables (clinical signs and laboratory measurements), resulted in 93% diagnostic agreement. Much of the study compared a fuzzy diagnostic system that had 12 input variables with a standard system that had 17 input variables. The results indicated that the fuzzy diagnostic system was more efficient to design (fewer rules), that the fuzzy system often provided a more accurate diagnosis, and that selection of input variables is critically important to diagnostic accuracy for any computer-based diagnostic system. The apparent advantages of fuzzy logic-based decision systems over standard rule-based methods of modeling the medical diagnostic process warrant continued study to determine limitations and other possible applications. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:397-401)
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in a county of southeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Bentz Bradford G. , Granstrom David E. , Stamper Shelby 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona-specific antibodies in a population of horses residing in Chester County, Pa.

Design
Prevalence survey.

Sample Population
117 serum samples from selected members of a population of 580 Thoroughbred horses.

Procedure
Serum was analyzed for antibodies to Sarcocystic neurona, using a western blot. Information regarding age, sex, and housing of horse was obtained by questionnaire. Data were analyzed, using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Seroprevalence was 45.3% (95% CI, 36.3 to 54.3%). A relationship was not found between seroprevalence and sex of horse. Seroprevalence was greater in older horses (logistic regression; P = 0.16).

Clinical Implications
High seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona and the lack of neurologic deficits among horses sampled indicate that positive results of serologic examination alone are of limited value for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Clinical signs consistent with the disease are the most important consideration in accurate diagnosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:517–518)
Ipodate treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats
Authors: Murray Louise A. S. , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipodate in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats.

Design—
Prospective case series.

Animals—
12 cats with hyperthyroidism treated at The Animal Medical Center between November 1994 and March 1996.

Procedure—
Each cat initially received 100 mg of ipodate/d, PO, The drug's effects on clinical signs, body weight, heart rate, and serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine concentrations were evaluated 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 weeks after initiation of treatment. A CBC and serum biochemical analyses were performed at each evaluation to monitor potential adverse effects of the drug. Dosage of ipodate was increased to 150 mg/d and then to 200 mg/d at 2-week intervals if a good clinical response was not observed.

Results—
8 cats responded to treatment and 4 did not. Among cats that responded, mean body weight increased and mean heart rate and serum T3 concentration decreased during the study period. Among cats that did not respond, mean body weight decreased and mean heart rate and serum T3 concentration were not significantly changed. Serum thyroxine concentration remained high in all cats. Adverse clinical signs or hematologic abnormalities attributable to ipodate treatment were not reported in any of the cats.

Clinical Implications—
Ipodate may be a feasible alternative to methimazole for medical treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats, particularly those that cannot tolerate methimazole and are not candidates for surgery or radiotherapy. Cats with severe hyperthyroidism are less likely to respond to ipodate than are cats with mild or moderate disease, and cats in which serum T3 concentration does not return to the reference range are unlikely to have an adequate improvement in clinical signs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:63–67)
Comparison of thoracic radiographs with images transmitted via advanced telecommunications equipment
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Roberts Royce , Jacobs Gil , McCall John , Brown John , Burrow Michael 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare thoracic radiographs of clinically normal dogs and dogs with mild clinical heartworm disease with images transmitted by a desktop, two-way audiovisual teleconferencing system.

Design
Prospective, matched-set study.

Study Population
50 thoracic radiographs from clinically normal and heartworm-infected dogs and the digitally transmitted images of those radiographs.

Procedure
Thoracic radiographs from 25 clinically normal dogs and 25 dogs infected with 1 to 24 heartworms were evaluated by 3 clinicians. Using classic criteria for heartworm disease, evaluations of radiographs and images transmitted digitally over 2 highspeed data-transfer telephone lines (56 kilobits/s/line) were performed. Clinicians were asked to determine whether dogs had radiographic signs of heartworm disease.

Results
Clinicians’ ability to detect heartworm disease did not differ between interpretations of radiographs and those of transmitted images.

Clinical Implications
Radiographic images transmitted via a teleconference system can be used to provide reliable diagnostic information. Thoracic radiographs can be interpreted at a remote site permitting rapid consultation and immediate advice on clinical management. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1245–1248)
Pericarditis in horses: 18 cases (1986–1995)
Authors: Worth Leila T. , Reef Virginia B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine clinical signs of pericarditis in horses and to determine whether there were any relationships among clinical signs, echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcome.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
18 horses.

Results
Physical examination was performed on 16 horses. Cardiovascular abnormalities included tachycardia (n = 16), pericardial friction rub (10), venous distention (7), murmur (7), muffled heart sounds (6), weak arterial pulse (6), jugular pulse (6), and edema (5). Twelve horses also had respiratory abnormalities; the most common was dull lung sounds, ventrally, suggestive of pleural effusion (10). Echocardiography was the most important tool for diagnosis of pericarditis. Detection of clinical signs of right-sided heart failure was significantly associated with severe accumulation of pericardial effusion and with detection of cardiac compromise. Severe accumulation of pericardial effusion was also significantly associated with echocardiographic detection of cardiac compromise. Pericarditis was idiopathic in 6 horses, and bacterial in 5. Five horses had nonseptic pericarditis associated with bacterial respiratory disease, and 2 had nonseptic pericarditis associated with viral respiratory disease. Fourteen of the 18 horses were treated specifically for pericarditis; 10 received antimicrobials and 6 with suspected immune-mediated pericarditis received corticosteroids. Pericardial drainage and lavage were performed on 6 horses in which pericardial effusion or fibrin accumulation was compromising cardiac function. Pericarditis resolved in all 14 horses that were treated, and all 14 returned to their prior Intended use.

Clinical Implications
With early detection of disease and aggressive treatment, the prognosis for horses with pericarditis is good. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:248–253)
Financial impact of the 1995 outbreak of vesicular stomatitis on 16 beef ranches in Colorado
Authors: Hayek Amy M. , McCluskey Brian J. , Chavez Greg T. , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine financial impact of an outbreak of vesicular stomatitis in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado.

Design
Survey and financial analysis.

Sample Population
16 ranchers whose beef herds were affected by the 1995 outbreak.

Procedure
Information concerning financial effects during the outbreak year was collected by personal interview of each rancher and examination of financial records.

Results
Affected herds ranged from 79 to 956 cows (mean, 345). Cow case-fatality rates ranged from 0 to 80%, with calf case-fatality rates ranging from 0 to 28% and overall case-fatality rates of 0 to 15%. Median financial loss was $7,818/ranch and mean financial loss was $15,565/ranch, excluding total financial losses associated with sale of calves. Primary financial losses for these beef herds were attributed to increased culling rates, death of pregnant cows, loss of income from calves, and costs for additional labor during the outbreak. Some costs were attributable to a decrease in market price for beef and a drought during the year after the outbreak.

Clinical Implications
Financial losses for an out-break of vesicular stomatitis can be attributed to effects of the disease and costs associated with imposed quarantines. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:820-823)
Association of sex of fetus, sire, month of conception, or year of foaling with duration of gestation in Standardbred mares
Authors: Marteniuk Judy V. , Carleton Carla L. , Lloyd James W. , Shea MaryEllen 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether sex of fetus, sire, month of conception, or year of foaling was associated with duration of gestation in mares.

Design
Epidemiologic retrospective cohort study.

Animals
500 foalings for 296 Standardbred mares.

Procedure
Data for reproductive events from 1986 to 1992 were analyzed. Analyses were conducted to determine whether duration of gestation was associated with sex of fetus, sire, month of conception, or year of foaling.

Results
Mean duration of gestation was 343.3 days and was significantly greater for colt fetuses (344.4 days) than for filly fetuses (342.2 days). Sire was associated with duration of gestation; gestation after mating with certain sires was consistently less than 340 days in duration, whereas duration after mating with other sires was consistently more than 350 days. Duration of gestation was associated with month of conception, decreasing by about 2.5 d/mo for mares conceiving later during the breeding season.

Clinical Implications
Duration of gestation is affected by mating to specific sires and by month of conception. Stallions associated with exceptionally prolonged gestations might be used to breed mares early in the breeding season, whereas stallions associated with shorter gestations might be desirable for mares bred later in the breeding season. Preparations for impending parturition should be more effective and efficient with improved information on expected date of parturition. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1743–1745)
Randomized controlled trial of effects of Escherichia coli antiserum on serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and morbidity and mortality rates in foals
Authors: Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether administration of commercially available Escherichia coli antiserum to neonatal foals would affect serum IgG concentration or morbidity and mortality rates during the first 60 days of life.

Design
Randomized controlled trial.

Animals
271 neonatal foals on 4 well-managed farms.

Procedure
Foals were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. All foals were allowed to suckle colostrum normally. In addition, treatment-group foals were given E coli antiserum (10 ml) orally between 0 and 8 hours after birth. Serum samples were obtained between 18 and 36 hours after birth, and serum IgG concentration was determined. Foals were monitored for the first 60 days after birth, and causes of disease or death were recorded.

Results
Groups did not differ significantly in regard to breed, sex, month of birth, season of birth, age of dams, parity of dams, duration of gestation, or specific gravity of colostrum before suckling. In addition, groups did not differ significantly in regard to mean serum IgG concentration, prevalence of complete or partial failure of passive transfer of immunity, frequency or causes of disease, or frequency of death from infectious causes.

Clinical Implications
In this group of foals on well-managed farms, administration of E coli antiserum did not alter serum IgG concentrations or morbidity and mortality rates during the first 60 days of life. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1746–1750)
Paraneoplastic pruritus and alopecia in a horse with diffuse lymphoma
Authors: Finley Melissa R. , Rebhun William C. , Dee Andie , Langsetmo Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

In animals with cancer, clinical signs that are not directly related to local or distant spread of the tumor are considered paraneoplastic.
Reported paraneoplastic disorders in horses with lymphoma include fever, hypercalcemia, and anemia.
Paraneoplastic pruritus and alopecia can develop in people with lymphoma; furthermore, lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses when examining horses with generalized pruritus for which another cause cannot be identified.