bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the photocurrent in two-dimensional titanium disulfide
Authors: Zhang Ruan , Zhu Shuangxing , Wu Jiaxin , Fan Yijie , Xie Binghe , Meng Jianqiao , Cai Xinghan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Generating photocurrent in a condensed matter system involves the excitation, relaxation, and transportation of charge carriers. As such, it is viewed a potent method for probing the dynamics of non-equilibrium carriers and the electronic band structure of solid state materials. In this research, we analyze the photoresponse of the mechanically exfoliated titanium disulfide (TiS2), a transition metal dichalcogenide whose classification as either a semimetal or a semiconductor has been the subject of debate for years. The scanning photocurrent microscopy and the temperature-dependent photoresponse characterization expose the appearance of a photovoltaic current primarily from the metal/TiS2 junction in an unbiased sample, while negative photoconductivity due to the bolometric effect is observed in the conductive TiS2 channel. The optoelectronic experimental results, combined with electrical transport characterization and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, indicate that the TiS2 employed in this study is likely a heavily-doped semiconductor. Our findings unveil the photocurrent generation mechanism of two dimensional TiS2, highlighting its prospective optoelectronic applications in the future.
Spin device-based image edge detection architecture for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Soni Sandeep , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence and deep learning today are utilized for several applications namely image processing, smart surveillance, edge computing, and so on. The hardware implementation of such applications has been a matter of concern due to huge area and energy requirements. The concept of computing in-memory and the use of non-volatile memory (NVM) devices have paved a path for resource-efficient hardware implementation. We propose a dual-level spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory (SOT-DLC MRAM) based crossbar array design for image edge detection. The presented in-memory edge detection algorithm framework provides spin-based crossbar designs that can intrinsically perform image edge detection in an energy-efficient manner. The simulation results are scaled down in energy consumption for data transfer by a factor of 8x for grayscale images with a comparatively smaller crossbar than an equivalent CMOS design. DLC SOT-MRAM outperforms CMOS-based hardware implementation in several key aspects, offering 1.53x greater area efficiency, 14.24x lower leakage power dissipation, and 3.63x improved energy efficiency. Additionally, when compared to conventional spin transfer torque (STT-MRAM and SOT-MRAM, SOT-DLC MRAM achieves higher energy efficiency with a 1.07x and 1.03x advantage, respectively. Further, we extended the image edge extraction framework to spiking domain where ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is implemented. The mathematical analysis is presented for mapping of conductance matrix of the crossbar during edge detection with an improved area and energy efficiency at hardware implementation. The pixel accuracy of edge-detected image from ACO is 4.9% and 3.72% higher than conventional Sobel and Canny based edge-detection.
Fabrication of high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on Ni3C nanosheets to self-power thermal patch for pain relief
Authors: Kulakarni Smaran Panth , Kumar Das Nishat , Badhulika Sushmee 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we report a vertical contact-separation mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) comprising of Ni3C/PDMS composite and Nylon Nanofibers for self-powering a nichrome wire-based thermal patch for muscular/joint relaxation. An optimised composition of Ni3C (25 wt%) and PDMS as a tribo-negative material and Nylon Nanofibers synthesised via electrospinning on copper electrode foil as a tribo-positive material were used to fabricate the TENG. The fabricated TENG exhibits outstanding output generating an average open circuit voltage of ∼252 V, an average short circuit current of ∼40.87 μA and a peak power of ∼562.35 μW cm−2 at a matching resistance of 20 MΩ by manual tapping. Enhancement in contact area due to electrospun nylon and micro capacitive Ni3C flakes in dielectric PDMS contribute to the exceptional performance of the TENG. The optimised TENG is then connected to a full bridge rectifier with a 100 nF filtering capacitor to convert the AC voltage to a DC output with a peak voltage of ∼5.4 V and a ripple voltage of ∼1.04 V to recharge an ICR 18650 Li-ion battery, which functions as a medium to improve electrical energy flow to the heat patch. The electrical energy is converted into heat energy by a wounded nichrome wire placed inside the heat patch. The nichrome wire of length 3 cm with appropriate number of windings was employed in the heat patch. An increment of 45 °F can be observed by switching the charged Li-ion battery-based circuit ON for just 30 s. The strategy of self-powering a heat patch using this TENG finds enormous applications in physiotherapy and sports to relieve muscle and joint pains.
Growth and characterization of germanium telluride nanowires via vapor–liquid–solid mechanism
Authors: Taha Inas , Ansari Sumayya M , Alketbi Shaikha , Mohammad Baker , Aldosari Haila M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phase-change materials (PCMs), which can transition reversibly between crystalline and amorphous phases, have shown great promise for next-generation memory devices due to their nonvolatility, rapid switching periods, and random-access capability. Several groups have investigated phase-change nanowires for memory applications in recent years. The ability to regulate the scale of nanostructures remains one of the most significant obstacles in nanoscience. Herein, we describe the growth and characterization of germanium telluride (GeTe) nanowires, which are essential for phase-change memory devices. GeTe nanowires were produced by combining thermal evaporation and vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) techniques, using 8 nm Au nanoparticles as the metal catalyst. The influence of various growth parameters, including inert gas flow rate, working pressure, growth temperature, growth duration, and growth substrate, was examined. Ar gas flow rate of 30 sccm and working pressure of 75 Torr produced the narrowest GeTe nanowires horizontally grown on a Si substrate. Using scanning electron microscopy, the dimensions, and morphology of GeTe nanowires were analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were utilized to conduct structural and chemical analyses. Using a SiO2/Si substrate produced GeTe nanowires that were thicker and lengthier. The current–voltage characteristics of GeTe nanowires were investigated, confirming the amorphous nature of GeTe nanowires using conductive atomic force microscopy. In addition, the effects of the VLS mechanism and the Gibbs–Thomson effect were analyzed, which enables the optimization of nanowires for numerous applications, such as memory and reservoir computing.
Microdosimetry-based investigation of biological effectiveness of 252Cf brachytherapy source: TOPAS Monte Carlo study
Authors: Chattaraj Arghya , Selvam T Palani 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. To investigate biological effectiveness of 252Cf brachytherapy source using Monte Carlo-calculated microdosimetric distributions. Approach.
252Cf source capsule was placed at the center of the spherical water phantom and phase-space data were scored as a function of radial distance in water (R = 1–5 cm) using TOPAS Monte Carlo code. The phase-space data were used to calculate microdosimetric distributions at 1 μm site size. Using these distributions, Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), mean quality factor (

Q

̅

) and Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) were calculated as a function of R. Main results. The overall shapes of the microdosimetric distributions are comparable at all the radial distances in water. However, slight variation in the bin-wise yield is observed with R. RBE,

Q

̅

and OER are insensitive to R over the range 1–5 cm. Microdosimetric kinetic model based RBE values are about 2.3 and 2.8 for HSG tumour cells and V79 cells, respectively, whereas biological weighting function-based RBE is about 2.8. ICRP 60 and ICRU 40 recommendation-based

Q

̅

values are about 14.5 and 16, respectively. Theory of dual radiation action based RBE is 11.4. The calculated value of OER is 1.6. Significance. This study demonstrates the relative insensitivity of RBE,

Q

̅

and OER radially away from the 252Cf source along the distances of 1–5 cm in water.
Quantum simulation of bosons with the contracted quantum eigensolver
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Sager-Smith LeeAnn M , Mazziotti David A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Quantum computers are promising tools for simulating many-body quantum systems due to their potential scaling advantage over classical computers. While significant effort has been expended on many-fermion systems, here we simulate a model entangled many-boson system with the contracted quantum eigensolver (CQE). We generalize the CQE to many-boson systems by encoding the bosonic wavefunction on qubits. The CQE provides a compact ansatz for the bosonic wave function whose gradient is proportional to the residual of a contracted Schrödinger equation. We apply the CQE to a bosonic system, where N quantum harmonic oscillators are coupled through a pairwise quadratic repulsion. The model is relevant to the study of coupled vibrations in molecular systems on quantum devices. Results demonstrate the potential efficiency of the CQE in simulating bosonic processes such as molecular vibrations with good accuracy and convergence even in the presence of noise.
A method for predicting the entropy and Gibbs free energy of ICl and BrCl gases based on an improved Hulburt-Hirschfelder potential
Authors: Yu Xuerong , Fan Zhixiang , Wang Zhengrong , Tian Hongrui , Fan Qunchao , Li Huidong , Fu Jia , Xie Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Combined with the Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) data and spectral constants, a method based an improved Hulburt-Hirschfelder (IHH) potential model for calculating the molar entropy and Gibbs free energy of diatomic gases is presented. The full set of rovibrational energy is calculated by solving the one-dimension Schrödinger equation using the determined IHH potential pointwise data, and then the partition function, Gibbs free energy and entropy of the diatomic molecular gas can be determined using the quantum statistical ensemble theory. Comparing with other potentials and thermodynamic data, the application to the ground electronic state of ICl and BrCl gases shows that the IHH potential fits well with the experimental RKR data, and the calculated Gibbs free energy and molar entropy are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Anomalous size effect of thermal conductivity of two-dimensional dielectric materials
Authors: Xu Mingtian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we find that two-dimensional characteristics of hydrodynamic phonon transports in two-dimensional dielectric materials lead to the anomalous length dependency and even divergence of thermal conductivities. For suspended monolayer graphene the analytical solution of the two-dimensional Guyer-Krumhansl equations shows that the thermal conductivity increases with the increase of its length from 1 micron to 9 micron. When a specific temperature distribution at the inlet boundary is given, and the positive partial derivative of the heat flux along the length direction at the inlet and outlet boundaries is prescribed, analytical results show that the thermal conductivity of suspended monolayer graphene at the room temperature tends to infinity with the increase of its length. This result can be used to artificially regulate the thermal conductivity of suspended single-layer graphene.
Multiband absorber design and optimization with Lorenz chaotic attractor
Authors: Köksal Ahmet Sertol , Ünal Sait 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Metamaterials are artificial materials that don’t come from nature and have unusual electromagnetic properties. It has applications in many fields such as medical, image processing, signal absorption, invisibility cloak, sensor, and antenna. In this study, signal absorption of metamaterials was discussed and a simulation study was carried out. The most important difference of the proposed structure is that the pattern obtained from the Lorenz chaotic attractor was used in the resonator’s design, unlike the geometric shaped works. The chaos pattern consists of units that have both random shapes and sizes. Chaos can be defined as the order of disorder, which is extremely sensitive to initial conditions and has a broad power spectrum like noise. In addition, this study aims to contribute to the science of chaos. The resonator structure used in the proposed structure showed similar results with the studies in the literature. Rogers RT5870 material was used as substrate in the design. The proposed design is an eight-band structure with excellent signal absorption, partially insensitive to polarization and angle of incidence. The results show that the proposed design absorbs signals in the infrared region of the spectrum at 14.24, 15.44, 19.72, 21.04, 33.92, 35.16, 36.44 and 38.79 THz. Near-perfect signal absorption at the indicated frequencies is 97.98%, 98.73%, 99.85%, 92.03%, 95.62%, 92.56%, 96.21% and 97.09%, respectively. The proposed design includes heat sensor and thermal imaging etc can be used in application areas.
Do the early galaxies observed by JWST disagree with Planck's CMB polarization measurements?
Authors: Forconi Matteo , Ruchika  , Melchiorri Alessandro , Mena Olga , Menci Nicola 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope have led to a surprising discovery of a significant density of massive galaxies with masses of M ≥ 1010.5
M
⊙ at redshifts of approximately z ∼ 10. This corresponds to a stellar mass density of roughly ρ
* ∼ 106
M
⊙ Mpc-3. Despite making conservative assumptions regarding galaxy formation, this finding may not be compatible with the standard ΛCDM cosmology that is favored by observations of CMB Anisotropies from the Planck satellite. In this paper, we confirm the substantial discrepancy with Planck's results within the ΛCDM framework. Assuming a value of ϵ = 0.2 for the efficiency of converting baryons into stars, we indeed find that the ΛCDM model is excluded at more than 99.7 % confidence level (C.L.). An even more significant exclusion is found for ϵ ∼ 0.1, while a better agreement, but still in tension at more than 95 %, is obtained for ϵ = 0.32.
This tension, as already discussed in the literature, could arise either from systematics in the JWST measurements or from new physics. Here, as a last-ditch effort, we point out that disregarding the large angular scale polarization obtained by Planck, which allows for significantly larger values of the matter clustering parameter σ
8, could lead to better agreement between Planck and JWST within the ΛCDM framework. Assuming ΛCDM and no systematics in the current JWST results, this implies either an unknown systematic error in current large angular scale CMB polarization measurements or an unidentified physical mechanism that could lower the expected amount of CMB polarization produced during the epoch of reionization. Interestingly, the model compatible with Planck temperature-only data and JWST observation also favors a higher Hubble constant H
0 = 69.0±1.1 km/s/Mpc at 68% C.L., in better agreement with observations based on SN-Ia luminosity distances.
Optimized clustering sample selection for spectral reflectance recovery
Authors: Wu Guangyuan , Niu Shijun , Xiong Yifan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The accuracy of spectral recovery depends heavily on the selection of an appropriate sample set, so the optimized sample selection by clustering strategy can improve the spectral recovery results. This paper presents a sample optimization method that combines hierarchical clustering and K-mean angle similar clustering to achieve this process. The proposed method employs the hierarchical clustering to divide the training sample dataset into 15 subspaces and obtain 15 subspace centroids. The similarity distance is then calculated between the testing sample and each subspace samples, and the subspace with the sample having the smallest distance is selected. The testing sample is utilized as a priori centroid, which clusters the optimal subspace by competition with the centroid of the subspace selected. This iterative process continues until the centroid of the subspace remains unaltered. Finally, the training samples within the optimal subspace use to recover spectral reflectance through Euclidean distance weighting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of spectral and colorimetric accuracy, as well as stability and robustness. This research provides a solution to the problem of data redundancy in the spectral recovery process and enhances the accuracy and efficiency of spectral recovery.
C + L band ultra-widely tunable SOA hybrid fiber laser based on acousto-optic add-drop filter induced by polarization conversion
Authors: Qiu Feng , Bai Yongzhong , Qu Dingrong , Zhang Yanling , Han Lei , Shan Guangbin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Scientific and industrial applications have put forward new requirements for the wavelength tuning range of continuous-wave lasers. Herein, the constructed filter based on the acoustically-induced polarization conversion in single-mode fiber (SMF) covers the wavelength from 1464.2–1640.8 nm, and the tuning range is about ∼176.6 nm. The lasing wavelength is managed by the acousto-optical interaction in the SMF. Moreover, the gain spectrum of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is flat and wide, which can achieve a wide range of laser tuning. Hence, we propose and demonstrate an ultra-widely tuning range ring cavity C + L tunable SOA hybrid fiber laser. Eventually, the tuning channel of the fiber laser is from 1527.3–1613 nm with the tuning range of about ∼85.7 nm, and its tuning range is determined by the gain bandwidth of SOA. The measured output power and center wavelength variations of the proposed fiber laser over a long-term observation are less than 0.11 mW and 0.44 nm, respectively. This work opens up a new way to expand the tuning range of other types of lasers.
Plasmoid-mediated reconnection during nonlinear peeling–ballooning edge-localized modes
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatima , Bhattacharjee Amitava 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Plasmoid-mediated reconnection is investigated for nonlinear peeling–ballooning edge-localized modes (P-B ELMs). The formation of current sheets and the transition to 3D current sheet instability is demonstrated through fully nonlinear resistive MHD simulations of P-B ELMs in DIII-D discharges. Large-scale axisymmetric current sheets, as well as small-scale poloidally extended current sheets, are formed as the coherent P-B ELM filaments nonlinearly evolve. It is observed that, at high Lundquist numbers, these current sheets break during a reconnection burst, i.e. a secondary exponential growth of intermediate modes followed by relaxation due to the suppression of P-B drive.
A Compact Penta Band Notched UWB Antenna Using Modified U-Slots and EBG Structures
Authors: Lakshmi S. Navya Vijaya , Rani A. Jhansi , Saritha V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The proposed compact Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antenna is having the ability to reject five bands operating in UWB and it is having a rectangular monopole antenna. To achieve the required Penta band notch characteristics and the multi operational bands, two square shaped mushroom type EBG’s are placed in the vicinity of the feedline and three modified U-Shaped Slots are etched on the radiating surface. The two-mushroom type EBG’s are responsible for attaining two notch bands at 3.5 GHz (3.38-3.6 GHz, Wi-MAX), 5.0 GHz (4.85-5.18GHz, lower WLAN) and modified U-Shaped slots are responsible for attaining three notch bands at 2.5 GHz (2.3-2.67 GHz, ISM band), 3.0 GHz (2.8-3.08 GHz, Radar surveillance band), 4.0 GHz (3.88-4.1 GHz, C-band satellite downlink). The step wise implementation of the Penta notch band UWB antenna along with the relative analysis is discussed. The results show that the proposed antenna is a very good one for UWB applications which requires multi operational bands with selective band rejections.
Analysis of Ionosphere Day to Day Variability using Parametric Methods on GPS TEC
Authors: Kiran S S , Revathi R. , Ramesh K. S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of global positioning systems (GPS) has cleared the way for a better understanding of the globe and the systems surrounding the earth. The GPS signals that are sent out and received by GPS receivers are affected by severe space weather (in the ionosphere) as well as atmospheric weather and lithospheric disturbances. These disturbances not only result in inaccuracies in GPS location but also make it difficult to make the necessary corrections to those faults. The study of these perturbations is helpful in gaining an understanding of the phenomenal changes that occur in the ionosphere as a result of the Sun and its solar effects, which include solar flares, sunspot numbers, solar winds, geomagnetic fields, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and thunderstorms, among other things. In this study, an effort is made to highlight the distinctions between geomagnetic calm days and disturbed days that occurred in January 2022. The research is carried out by using parametric approaches to the GPS vertical total electron content (VTEC) at Hyderabad (17.4°N, 78.5°E), which is a station with a low height. An examination of the power spectral densities (PSDs) of both the tranquil and the disturbed conditions is carried out. The improvement in VTEC data was noted on two days in January 2022 that had low geomagnetic activity; these days were the 6th and 13th. On the sixth of January 2022, enhancements can be seen at the normalised frequencies of 0.4966 and 0.7683, with a power spectral density (PSD) of -10.14dB and -12.94dB, respectively. On the thirteenth of January 2022, enhancements can be seen at the normalised frequencies of 0.5005 and 0.956, with PSDs of -9.264dB and -8.392dB. When compared to the preceding records, it can be seen very clearly that the PSDs of both geomagnetically tranquil and disturbed days are rather comparable to one another.
Performance study of wide tuning range and low phase noise differential ring voltage control oscillators (DRVCO) for wireless communications
Authors: Venkata Nandini V , Suman Shruti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article mostly emphasize on the study and characterization of CMOS differential ring voltage control oscillator (DRVCO). There are numerous DRVCO with various kinds of delay cells which are associated with the parameters like oscillation frequency, wide tuning range, power utilization & area for the applications like wireless and communications systems. These results shows less phase noise and extensive tuning range can be accomplished by the dual control voltages across the delay stages. This article helps the designers to choose the suitable DVCRO for their definite applications.