bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truth and Sacrifice: Sati Immolations in India
Authors: Harlan Lindsey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To associate the sati, a term referring to a woman who immolates herself on her husband’s funeral pyre, with the martyr, a word with indisputably positive valuation in Christianity and other traditions originating in European and Middle Eastern antiquity, is to invite charges of insensitivity from many people engaged in moral discourse outside India and from those opposed to sati immolation and worship within India. As Ashis Nandy has shown, educated urban elites as well as feminists in India have been adamant in their condemnation of sati immolation, which they view as a horrifying practice and an embarrassing legacy of the Hindu past.2 It was therefore with trepidation that I accepted an invitation to contemplate the issue of sati immolation within the context of a colloquium on martyrdom.
Stephen’s Diary in Joyce’s Portrait—The Shape of Life
Authors: Levenson Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the Unflagging Controversy over the character of Stephen Dedalus, remarkably little attention has been paid to the ending of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, where one might have supposed that the problem would become acute. The diary that concludes the novel has had the rare dis tinction of being a virtually unannotated specimen within the Joycean oeuvre, and while it is tempting to keep it free from the endless profusion of inky scholia, it raises issues too important to leave unremarked. One of the most intricate mechanisms in an intricate novel, its workings bear directly on the problem of interpreting Stephen’s development. Questions of characterization join with questions of genre, and the relationship between individual agency and impersonal form becomes vivid. In elaborate, though submerged, patterns the diary reinterprets the narrative that it will soon conclude and offers some trenchant answers to a question that governs the novel as it governs this essay: What is the shape of a life?
Introduction
Authors: Lindow John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When most of us use the word “myth” in conversation, we refer to something that is not true. When historians of religion use it, they generally refer to a representation of the sacred in words. When anthropologists use it, they often refer to narratives that tell about the formation of some social institution or behavior. None of the definitions, however, will hold directly for the characters and stories this book treats.
Deities, Themes, and Concepts
Authors: Lindow John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The name appears to be identical to a noun for “sea” in skaldic poetry, and that noun, or the name of the figure under discussion here, is the base word in many kennings. For example, “Æ’s horse” is a ship, and “daughters of Æ” are waves. In Skáldskaparmál, Snorri says that Rán is the wife of Æ and that they have nine daughters, most of whom bear names meaning “wave.” Since Rán is listed among the goddesses in the thulur and Æ has a peaceful relationship with the gods, his inclusion in the thulur as a giant seems questionable.
Introduction
Authors: Harlan Lindsey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arrival Like many travelers in India, I have spent long hours in battered taxis bumping along single-lane highways. During the past ten years I have crisscrossed the state of Rajasthan many times on such highways and watched its rocky yellow landscape speed by as my intrepid drivers played chicken with oncoming cars, scattered inattentive pedestrians, and sliced through herds of sheep and sleepy buffalo. It is impossible to nap in these taxis: crackling radios blare popular film anthems, dusty air roars in through rattling windows, and high-pitched horns broadcast insults and indignation. And so I have watched the desert lands and parched farms stream by while slipping into fantasies about long cool showers and sweet hot tea.
Limits of Hatred
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Catholics and Catholicism are at the receiving end of a great deal of startling vituperation in contemporary America, although generally, those responsible never think of themselves as bigots. Examples are far too easy to find. Recently, the notionally secular New Republic published an article on the wartime role of the papacy, in which Pope Pius XII was charged with directly serving the Antichrist. Somewhat less apocalyptically, writing in The Nation, dramatist Tony Kushner dismissed Pope John Paul II as a “homicidal liar” who “endorses murder.” Catholic bishops, meanwhile, are, to Kushner, “mitred, chasubled and coped Pilates.”
Teaching Freud in the Seminary
Authors: Bingaman Kirk A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Teaching Freud in the seminary! At first glance, it must seem like a supreme act of foolishness; the two hardly go hand in hand. After all, we all know by now that Freud was a reductionist, a positivist, and especially galling to the religious community, an avowed and unapologetic atheist. It was, as Freud himself saw it, his duty to agitate the sleep of humankind, and particularly the slumber of the religious believer.
Interview with Orson Welles
Authors: Bogdanovich Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Orson Welles: We expected it before it happened. What we didn ‘t expect was that the film might be destroyed. And that was nip and tuck; it was very close. Citizen Kane enjoyed a spectacular critical reception. American novelist John O ‘Hara, writing for Time magazine, said quite simply that it was the best motion picture he had ever seen. ‘ Other serious reviewers in this country didn ‘t debate whether or not it was unusually good, but whether or not it was a great, even revolutionary, achievement. Meanwhile, Kane was the subject of considerable controversy in Hollywood; it was nominated for nine Academy Awards but received only one, for best original screenplay by Herman Mankiewicz and Orson Welles, who were booed by detractors at the award ceremony.
Citizen Kane: From Log Cabin to Xanadu
Authors: Mulvey Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although The idea of embarking on a new analysis of the most written-about film in film history is daunting, I am using Citizen Kane for a specific and experimental purpose. That is, I want to speculate about certain areas of overlap between psychoanalysis and history and use the film, as it were, as a guinea pig. I have two further excuses for this project. First, although the history in question here is primarily that of the United States, I have tried to approach that history from a European perspective which, I feel, illuminates aspects of the film that have been over-looked. Second, I am applying the film theory and criticism of my generation to this film, which has been put through the mill by each generation of critics since it appeared in 1941. The main influences on my thought have been psychoanalytic theory and feminism, and both have strongly inflected my analysis of Citizen Kane. Although the presence of feminism in this essay may not be obvious at first glance, the principles of feminist film theory have not only molded my way of thinking about cinema in general, but have necessarily informed my approach throughout this Citizen Kane enjoyed a spectacular critical reception. American novelist John O ‘Hara, writing for Time magazine, said quite simply that it was the best motion picture he had ever seen. ‘ Other serious reviewers in this country didn ‘t debate whether or not it was unusually good, but whether or not it was a great, even revolutionary, achievement. Meanwhile, Kane was the subject of considerable controversy in Hollywood; it was nominated for nine Academy Awards but received only one, for best original screenplay by Herman Mankiewicz and Orson Welles, who were booed by detractors at the award ceremony.
The Christ in Agony
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
San Francisco de Qyito, founded in August, 1534, on the ruins of the ancient capital of the Scyris, is located on the western slope of Mount Pichincha or “mountain that boils,” and today has a population of 70,000. Mount Pichincha reveals to the curious gaze of the traveler two large craters, which are doubtless the result of its many eruptions. Three notable cones or vents can be seen, known as Rucu-Pichincha or Old Pichincha, Guagua-Pichincha or Young Pichincha, and Cundor-Guachana or Condors’ Nest. After Sangay, the most active active volcano in the world, which is also in what was once the land of the Scyris, near Riobamba, Rucu-Pichincha is undoubtedly the most terrible volcano in South America. History has passed on to us only the record of its eruptions in 1534, 1539, 1577, 1588, 1660, and 1662. Almost two centuries had gone by without its torrents oflava and violent tremors giving rise to mourning and desolation, and there were many geologists who believed that it was an extinct volcano. But then March 22, 1859, came to give the lie to the high priests of science, for the picturesque city of Qyito was very nearly destroyed at that time.
Drink, Father, It Will Keep You Alive!
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dona Ana de Borja, countess of Lemos and wife of the viceroy of Peru, was a great lady, more tempered than Toledo steel. She was found to be such by Her Majesty dona Maria of Austria, who govered the Spanish monarchy during the minority of Charles II, for on naming her husband viceroy of Peru, dona Maria provided him with a royal warrant that stipulated that in case the better service of the kingdom obliged him to leave Lima, he should place the reins of government in the hands of his consort.
The Countess Who Was Summoned
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
confess that among the many traditions that I have brought to light, none has caused me more trouble than the one that I am consigning to paper today. The plot of it is so thorny and delicate that the ink turns to sediment on the tip of my pen. But to Rome for everything, and may a good numen permit me to come through with flying colors and cover with a veil of decorum, although not a very thick one, this, my faithful account of an event that echoed all over Lima more resoundingly than the loudest nose blowing.
An Adventure of the Poet-Viceroy
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The faction of the vicufzas, who were called that because its members wore vicufta hats, was getting the worst of it in the civil war that was raging in Potosi. For the moment, the Basques were winning because the corregidor’ of the imperial town, don Rafael Ortiz de Sotomayor, was altogether on their side. The Basques had taken over Potosi, for they held all the important public offices. Of the 24 town councilors, half were Basques, and even the two magistrates were of that nationality, despite the fact that this was expressly forbidden by royal decree. The Creoles, Castilians, and Andalusians formed an alliance to destroy or at least counterbalance this predominance of the Basques. Such was the origin of the open war that for many years made this region the stage of bloody slaughter, to which the ever-victorious general of the vicufzas, don Francisco Castillo, put an end in 1626, by marrying his daughter, doiia Eugenia, to don Pedro de Oyanume, one of the most important Basques of the town.
The Scapegoat
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
8
The Inca Titu-Atauchi, the brother of Atahualpa, was on his way to Cajamarca with a large retinue of Indians loaded down with gold and silver to add to the treasure for their sovereign’s ransom when he received the news that on August 29, 1533, the Spaniards had put Atahualpa to death. Titu-Atauchi hid the riches that he was bringing, and gathering warriors together, he went to join forces with Qyizquiz, the bravest and most experienced of the generals of the Inca empire who was the head of an army harassing the conquistadors.
Friars’ Work!
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until a little more than twenty years ago, two wooden crosses set into a wall could be seen in the Plaza Mayor of Lima. One of them was above the arch of the gate leading to the callej6n de Petateros. Opposite it were the scaffold and the post for victims’ heads. It is thus our Christian supposition that the object of the aforementioned cross was to console those condemned to death with the sight in the last moments of the emblem of our redemption.’ The other cross was located where Palacio and Correo Streets meet, and below the balconies of the house of Nicolas de Ribera the Elder, the first mayor and member of the town council after Pizarro founded the city. When and why was that cross placed there? Here, kind reader, is what I have discovered thanks to extensive historical research.
Don Alonso the Brawny
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The story is told of the Venezuela general Paez,’ the hero of the plains, that in the days of the war to the death with Spain, he took captive a stout Spanish soldier who enjoyed the reputation of being a man of herculean strength. The leader of the patriots said to him: “Listen, you clumsy fellow: I’ll spare your life if you succeed in throwing me to the ground.” The prisoner smiled and accepted the challenge, believing victory was certain, but Paez, who for this sort of fight had more cunning and agility than physical strength, managed after two minutes to pin the Spaniard to the ground.
Margarita’s Wedding Dress
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is likely that some of my readers have heard old women of Lima remark, when they wanted to think over how much the price of something had gone up: “Good heavens! Why, that’s more expensive than Margarita’s wedding chemise.” I would have been left with a lingering curiosity as to who that Margarita was whose wedding dress was the talk of the town, had I not come across, in the Madrid newspaper La America, an article signed by don Ildefonso Antonio Bermejo (the author of a noteworthy book on Peru), who, although he touches only lightly on the girl and her wedding dress, put me on the right path to disentangling the skein and getting the story that you are about to read straight.
Abascal’s Clever Trick
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That His Excellency Viceroy don Fernando de Abascal y Souza, Knight of the Order of Santiago and marquis of Concordia,’ was a man of great skill is a point on which friends and enemies who managed to meet him are in accord. And in case a contemporary of mine should question the fact, in order to oblige him to strike his flag it will suffice for me to tell of an incident that happened in Lima at the end of 1808, that is to say, when Abascal had been viceroy for scarcely a year and a half. The senior member of the town council of this City of Kings2 was ... who? I do not record the name for fear of finding myself involved in another dog and cat fight of a lawsuit. Let us call him sefior de H.... His Lordship the town councilor belonged to the scallion species. His head was white and the rest was green; that is to say that despite his white hair and his complaints he still showed off like a peacock and feasted his eyes on the great-great-grandnieces of Adam.
Friar Gomez’s Scorpion
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In diebus ii/is, I mean to say when I was a boy, I often heard old women exclaim, on pondering the beauty and price of a piece of jewelry: “That’s worth as much as Father Gomez’s scorpion!” I have a young daughter, as good as they come, a flower of grace and the salty froth of wit, with eyes saucier and more mischievous than a couple of notaries:'Principio principiando; / principiar quiero / por versi si principiando / principiar puedo.
The Protectress and the Liberatrix
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I, the collector of traditions, must have been 13 or 14 years old, and a pupil in a preparatory school. Among my schoolmates was a boy of the same age, the only son of don Juan Weniger, the owner of two valuable shoe stores in the callede Plateros de San Agustin. Alejandro, for that was the name of my schoolmate, a fine young fellow who some years later died with the rank of captain in one of our disastrous civil wars, hit it off with me, and on holidays we used to get into mischief together.
The King of the Camanejos
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE sacristy of the church of La Merced, in Arequipa, has two .1. rooms: one in which the friars don vestments to celebrate Mass, which differs little or not at all from that of any monastery in Christendom; and the other, which might be called the antesacristy and is the only passageway between the church and the monastery. Like the rest of the building, the sacristy is made of stone masonry. In the center of its vault there is a clerestory, identical to the one in the Penitentiary of San Pedro in Lima, and near it a hole through which there passes the rope of the church bell by which the faithful are summoned to Mass. The furniture is scarcely deserving of notice, since it is limited to a rough wooden bench and two confessionals of the same sort.
Two Excommunications
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blessed be the nineteenth century, in which the principle of equality before the law is dogma, with no talk of laws or privileges. The fact that dogma is frequently proven false in practice is none of my business. It is always a consolation to know that it exists in written form and that we are exercising our right when we loudly protest against the arbitrary acts of those in power.
Consolacion
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reader, are you hunchbacked? If, to your misfortune, the hand of the Creator has placed on your shoulders that bulky sugar loaf known as a hump, throw away this page without reading it, and I swear to you that you will not have lost much. It has always been said that hunchbacks are sarcastic and evil-minded, and that the protuberance they carry about is a depository of venomous satires and biting blasphemies. God keep me from accepting such an opinion, since I am someone who has known one of these unfortunates who had the heart of an angel buried beneath so rough and deformed an exterior. Andres was like a beautiful diamond mounted in an iron setting.
Introduction
Authors: Moore Genem 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
And this also, “ said Marlow suddenly, “has been one of the dark places of the earth.” If there is a moral to Heart of Darkness, it lies perhaps in these words, with which Marlow breaks the silence of a little yacht becalmed on the Thames estuary awaiting the turn of the tide. Marlow then proceeds to tell the entire story of Heart of Darkness in miniature, as the tale of a young Roman sent off to the blank edges of the known world “nineteen hundred years ago—the other day,” there to confront the “utter savagery” of a primeval England. London has been one of the dark places; the swamps of the Thames were a Congo for the Romans; and the final words of the story drape the entire modern world in a brooding projection of its darkness: “The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed sombre under an overcast sky—seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness.”
The Feast, by J*s*ph C*nr*d
Authors: Beerbohm max 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Hu Tin which slept the white man was on a clearing between the forest and the river. Silence, the silence murmurous and unquiet of a tropical night, brooded over the hut that, baked through by the sun, sweated a vapour beneath the cynical light of the stars. Mahamo lay rigid and watchful at the hut’s mouth. In his upturned eyes, and along the polished surface of his lean body black and immobile, the stars were reflected, creating an illusion of themselves who are illusions.
Narratological Parallels in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now
Authors: Cahir Linda costanzo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theme of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is, as his character Charles Marlow states, the “fascination of the abomination” (31). The novella is a frame-story, wonderfully entangled by a narrative within a narrative, a flashback within a flashback, a series of quotes within quotes. It is a bildungsroman, an initiation into darkness and chaos, calmly framed by a prologue and an epilogue.
Heart of Darkness Revisited: The African Response
Authors: Zhuwarara Rino 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The standing of Joseph Conrad as a major novelist of his time has been for a long time unassailable. F. R. Leavis certainly regards Conrad as rightfully belonging to the “Great Tradition” of English literature—minor misgivings notwithstanding. It is argued that he is one of those artists who have extended the frontiers of the novel and created more space and more possibilities for the exploration and depiction of human experience.
A Chat with Joseph Conrad
Authors: Clemens Cyril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My reply was that since I had been rereading Lord Jim on the ship coming over I would like very much to meet its author.
“That’s easy,” returned Walpole, “Jessie and Joseph Conrad are two of my best friends. It won’t be necessary for me to write any letter of introduction. Just tell them you are a friend of mine that I sent you along.
Who Gets to Create the Lasting Images? The Problem of Black Representation in Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Cantave Sophia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For late-twentieth-century teachers, the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe as a white woman creating a national space for an “empathetic” discourse on the slave experience raises several questions. For instance, why didn’t Mary Prince’s exposé of slavery in the West Indies, The History of Mary Prince (1831), or Harriet Wilson’s account of de facto slavery in the American North, Our Nig (1859), become the proverbial “shot heard around the world”? What enabled Stowe to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin and begin a national and international literary exchange on slavery? The novel invented the modern idea of a “best-seller,” and many of Stowe’s characters became national stock types and icons. Even today, readers cry at the right places and express horror, relief, or disbelief where textually appropriate. Most important, Stowe’s text allows whites to talk to other whites about the personal and national issues surrounding the slave experience and establishes the character types usually associated with African Americans. Indeed, throughout the second half of the nineteenth century and then the early twentieth century, Stowe’s novel provided the nation with a shared cultural context for its discourse on slavery, offering reductive images, phrases, and symbols that quickly became the accepted norm.
Up to Heaven’s Gate, Down in Earth’s Dust The Politics of Judgment in Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Bellin Joshua D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In her introduction to the 1878 edition of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote that “the story can less be said to have been composed by her than imposed upon her.” But this illusion of authorlessness or powerlessness—she would come to claim that God had written the book—is at odds with the passionate declaration with which Stowe is said to have commenced her novel, at her sister-in-law’s urging: “I will write something. I will—if I live!” These two moments in the mythos of Uncle Tom’s Cabin illuminate two conflicting energies within the novel itself: the power of the individual human will and the powerlessness of the individual in a universe controlled by God. In its attack on slavery, Uncle Tom’s Cabin fluctuates between these two alternatives, dramatizing not only the struggle of humans seeking to respond to and resist the slave system, but also the struggle of humanity seeking to negotiate and comprehend its proper role in God’s design.