bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission disequilibrium and haplotype analyses of the G72/G30 locus: Suggestive linkage to schizophrenia in Palestinian Arabs living in the North of Israel
Authors: Korostishevsky M. , Kremer I. , Kaganovich M. , Cholostoy A. , Murad I. , Muhaheed M. , Bannoura I. , Rietschel M. , Dobrusin M. , Bening‐Abu‐Shach U. , Belmaker R.H. , Maier W. , Ebstein R.P. , Navon Ruth 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAssociation of the G72/G30 locus with schizophrenia was recently reported in French Canadian, Russian, and Ashkenazi populations using case‐control studies. In the present study we hypothesize the existence of a G72/G30 risk allele over‐transmitted to affected sibs in Palestinian Arab families. A total of 223 Palestinian Arab families that included an affected offspring and parents were genotyped with 11 SNPs encompassing the G72/G30 genes. The families were recruited from three regions of Israel: 56 from the North (Afula), 136 from the central hill region (Bethlehem, Palestinian Authority), and 31 from the South (Beersheva). Individual SNP analyses disclosed a risk allele in SNP rs3916970 by both haplotype relative risk (HRR: χ2 = 5.59, P = 0.018) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT: χ2 = 6.03, P = 0.014) in the Afula families. Follow‐up multilocus analysis using family‐based association tests (FBAT: z = 2.197, P = 0.028) exposed the adjacent haplotype. SNP rs3916970 is located about 8 kb from the linkage disequilibrium block that was reported to be associated with schizophrenia in Ashkenazi Jews. Excess of similar haplotypes of this region was observed in the Palestinian Arabs and the Ashkenazi patients. These data suggest a common risk factor for schizophrenia susceptibility in the G72/G30 locus among Ashkenazi Jews and Palestinian Arabs. The results strengthen previous reports on the role of this locus in the etiology of schizophrenia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based association study of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in Korean ADHD trios
Authors: Kim Soo‐Jeong , Badner Judith , Cheon Keun‐Ah , Kim Boong‐Nyun , Yoo Hee‐Jeong , Kim Se‐Joo , Cook Edwin , Leventhal Bennett L. , Kim Young Shin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on pharmacologic evidence. Because of an interaction between the serotonin (5‐HT) and DA systems, the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been considered as a candidate ADHD susceptibility gene. Two common polymorphisms, 5‐HTTLPR and the intron 2 VNTR, have been studied for association in ADHD, with both positive (increased frequency of long allele of 5‐HTTLPR and decreased frequency of 12 repeats of the intron 2 VNTR) and negative findings. However, there has not been an association study in an East Asian ADHD population. In this study, we examined the genotypes of these two polymorphisms in 126 Korean ADHD families and investigated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SLC6A4 and ADHD, using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype analysis. Additionally, association with quantitative measures of inattention, hyperactivity‐impulsivity, and overall severity was tested using logistic regression and QTDT analysis. TDT of both polymorphisms and haplotype analysis failed to detect LD. However, after excluding ADHD NOS subtype, TDT revealed nominally significant LD between 5‐HTTLPR and ADHD (χ2 = 4.9, P = 0.036). QTDT revealed positive association between 12 repeats of the intron 2 VNTR and attention (P = 0.031), but case‐control and TDT logistic regression analyses were negative. These markers have low heterozygosity in the Korean population, which would be expected to reduce the power of association. This result suggests that future studies should include more polymorphic markers and subjects to thoroughly investigate a potential association between SLC6A4 and ADHD in the Korean population. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐linear electrical conductivity of urea‐formaldehyde‐cellulose loaded with powders of different carbon fillers
Authors: Maaroufi Abdel‐Karim , Pinto Gabriel , Paz Isabel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article reports on the making and characterization of composite materials prepared by compression molding of a commercial grade thermosetting resin of urea‐formaldehyde filled with α‐cellulose in powder form mixed successively with carbon black, synthetic graphite, and activated carbon. The morphology of the constituents and the composites has been characterized by optical microscopy. The porosity effect has been discussed from density measurements. Furthermore, it has been shown that the hardness of the samples remains almost constant with the increase of filler concentration. The electrical conductivity shows clearly a non‐linear behavior. The observed values are lower than 10−11 S/cm, unless the filler content reaches the percolation threshold beyond which the conductivity increases markedly by as much as ten orders of magnitude, indicating insulator‐conductor phase transition. The conduction threshold depends on the filler nature. The results have been interpreted by means of the statistical percolation theory. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 990–996, 2005
Antibacterial activity of modified polyamide fibers
Authors: Saïhi D. , El‐Achari A. , Vroman I. , Périchaud A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPolyamide fibers were modified for the attainment of antibacterial activity using a graft copolymerization method. The fibers were grafted with monomers containing quaternary ammonium groups using sodium persulfate as initiator. Two monomers were used as vinyl monomers. The first monomer, called METAC, is methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride [H2C = C(CH3)‐ CO2CH2CH2N(CH3)3Cl]. The second monomer, denoted CATAL, is a methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyldodecylammonium bromide [H2C = C(CH3)CONHCH2CH2CH2N‐ (CH3)2(C12H25)Br], kindly supplied by Catalyze (France). The graft copolymerization was confirmed by several methods such as elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of modified samples was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus using the antibacterial standard AFNOR test method XP G39–100. Polyamide fibers grafted with the second monomer exhibit high antibacterial activity against S. aureus, but the fibers grafted with the methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride did not. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 997–1000, 2005
Polymerization in a magnetic field. XV Some azo‐initiators behavior in a high magnetic field
Authors: Chiriac Aurica P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe effect of a high magnetic field of 7 T on styrene polymerization reactions was taken under study. The intervened magnetokinetic modifications are correlated to the system of radical initiation, respectively: benzoyl peroxide, 2, 2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile), 4, 4′‐azobis(4‐cyanopentanoic acid), and 1,1′‐azobis (cyclohexan‐1‐carbonitrile). The reaction products are also characterized from the viewpoint of their molecular weights correlated with the reaction conditions, as well as their thermal stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1025–1031, 2005
Effects of molding conditions on the electromagnetic interference performance of conductive ABS parts
Authors: Chen Shia‐Chung , Chien Rean‐Der , Lee Ping‐Hwei , Huang Jeng‐Sheng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPolymers filled with conducting fibers to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance have recently received great attention due to the requirements of 3C (computer, communication, and consumer electronics) products. In the present article, the effect of fiber content and processing parameters, including melt temperature, mold temperature, and injection velocity, on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (SE) in injection molded ABS polymer composites filled with conductive stainless steel fiber (SSF) was investigated. The influence of fiber orientation and distribution resulting from fiber content and molding conditions on EMI performance was also examined. It was found from measured results that fiber content plays a significant role in influencing part EMI SE performance. SE value can reach the highest values of approximately 40 dB and 60 dB at 1000 MHz frequency for fiber content 7 wt % and 14 wt %, respectively, under the best choice of molding conditions. Higher melt and mold temperature would increase shielding effectiveness due to a more uniform and random fiber orientation. However, higher injection velocity leading to highly‐orientated and less uniform distribution of fiber reduces shielding effectiveness. Among all molding parameters, melt temperature affects SE performance most significantly. Its influence slightly decreases as fiber content increases. Injection speed plays a secondary importance in affecting SE values, and its influence increases as fiber content increases. Upon examination of fiber distribution via optical microscope and subsequent image analysis, it was found that the fiber becomes more densely and random distributed toward the last melt‐filled region, whereas fiber exhibits less concentration around the middle way of the flow path. This can be attributed to the combined effects of fountain flow, frozen layer thickness, and gapwise melt front velocity. The results indicate that molding conditions, instead of fiber content alone, are very important on the SE performance for injection molded SSF filled ABS composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1072–1080, 2005
Spatial models in marketing research and practice
Authors: J. Bronnenberg Bart 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSpatial models formalize how cross‐sectional observations relate to each other as a function of their spatial location. This paper discusses the generality of such models and how they are helpful to marketing practitioners in the description of marketing data, segmentation of markets, prediction of market behaviour, and the pooling of data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The proper interpretation of sales promotion effects: supplement elasticities with absolute sales effects
Authors: van Heerde Harald J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSales promotions such as temporary price reductions are frequently used by managers to stimulate sales in the short run. Marketing academics and practitioners tend to rely on price elasticities to summarize sales promotion effects. Although elasticities have some attractive benefits such as the invariance to measurement units, they have led to three misinterpretations in the marketing literature, as described in this paper. The proper theoretical and managerial interpretation of sales promotion effects is obtained by expressing effects in terms of absolute sales. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Market response models and marketing practice
Authors: Hanssens Dominique M. , Leeflang Peter S. H. , Wittink Dick R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMarket response models are intended to help scholars and managers understand how consumers individually and collectively respond to marketing activities, and how competitors interact. Appropriately estimated effects constitute a basis for improved decision making in marketing. We review the demand and supply of market response models and we highlight areas of future growth. We discuss two characteristics that favour model use in practice, viz. the supply of standardized models and the availability of empirical generalizations.Marketing as a discipline and market response models as a technology may often not receive top management attention. In order to have enhanced relevance for senior management, we argue that marketing models should be cross‐functional, include short‐ and long‐term effects, and be considerate of capital markets. We also identify emerging opportunities for marketing model applications in areas such as public policy and litigation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lessons from the front line: two key ways in which the internet has changed marketing forever
Authors: Drèze Xavier 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTen years after the first banner ad was served, we can reflect on how dramatically the Internet actually changed the way we conduct business. We highlight two areas in which there has been change that provides both challenges and opportunities to firms and researchers alike. First, we see the rise of permission‐based marketing as a great opportunity to increase the effectiveness of business‐to‐consumer communication. Second, we see auctions for the masses as a unique opportunity to learn more about the consumer's processing of price information. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of survey measurement on respondent behaviour
Authors: Morwitz Vicki G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAlthough it is well known that measures obtained from surveyed samples may not perfectly match the true values in the population, surveys are generally thought to reflect but not to change opinion or subsequent behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to review a new, growing stream of research that demonstrates that merely responding to a marketing research survey alters subsequent behaviour. The papers in this stream of research compare the behaviour of an experimental group where individuals respond to a marketing research survey to a control group where individuals do not complete a survey. The results show that measuring intentions or satisfaction in a marketing research survey, changes the behaviour of respondents in the experimental group. For positively viewed products, overall, respondents in the experimental group have higher purchase incidence, buy more quickly, and are more profitable customers than those in the control group. Further, the results in some cases persist over time. Although research to determine why this mere measurement effect occurs is ongoing, to date, results suggest that measurement increases the accessibility of attitudes toward the product, which in turn makes the resulting behaviour more consistent with those attitudes than when measurement does not occur. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Additive Edge Correction for the Influence Potential of Trees
Authors: Kühlmann‐Berenzon S. , Heikkinen J. , Särkkä A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe influence potential on a quadrat (IPQ) is an index for measuring the ecological effect that trees have on understory vegetation observed in a quadrat of a plot. IPQ is defined as the sum of the effect of every trees in the plot, where the effect depends on the size of the tree and the distance between the tree and the quadrat. Since only the trees in the plot have been observed and not the trees outside the plot, the true IPQ may be underestimated. Existing edge corrections are not appropriate for this case. We propose a correction that consists of adding the expected IPQ due to effects of trees outside the plot to the observed IPQ. The expectation is obtained by applying the Campbell theorem for stationary marked point processes. Data from the 1985–86 National Forest Inventory of Finland was used to calculate IPQ for six quadrats systematically allocated to each of 1240 plots. The implementation of the correction for this data is described. The distributions of IPQ with and without the correction proved the existence of edge effects and the effectiveness of the correction to eliminate the bias. This method has the potential to be applied to other additive functions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparing the Likelihood Ratios of Two Binary Diagnostic Tests in the Presence of Partial Verification
Authors: Roldán Nofuentes J. A. , Luna del Castillo J. D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe comparison of the efficiency of two binary diagnostic tests requires one to know the disease status for all patients in the sample, by applying a gold standard. In two‐phase studies the gold standard is not applied to all patients in a sample, and the problem of partial verification of the disease arises. At present, one of the approaches most used for comparing two binary diagnostic tests are the likelihood ratios. In this study, the maximum likelihood estimators of likelihood ratios are obtained. The tests of hypothesis to compare the likelihood ratios of two binary diagnostic tests when both are applied to the same random sample in the presence of verification bias are deduced, and simulation experiments are performed in order to investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the tests of hypothesis. The results obtained have been applied to the study of Alzheimer's disease. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimation of the Youden Index and its Associated Cutoff Point
Authors: Fluss Ronen , Faraggi David , Reiser Benjamin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Youden Index is a frequently used summary measure of the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. It both, measures the effectiveness of a diagnostic marker and enables the selection of an optimal threshold value (cutoff point) for the marker. In this paper we compare several estimation procedures for the Youden Index and its associated cutoff point. These are based on (1) normal assumptions; (2) transformations to normality; (3) the empirical distribution function; (4) kernel smoothing. These are compared in terms of bias and root mean square error in a large variety of scenarios by means of an extensive simulation study. We find that the empirical method which is the most commonly used has the overall worst performance. In the estimation of the Youden Index the kernel is generally the best unless the data can be well transformed to achieve normality whereas in estimation of the optimal threshold value results are more variable. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural Heterogeneity in DNA: Temperature Dependence of 2‐Aminopurine Fluorescence in Dinucleotides
Authors: Somsen Oscar J. G. , Keukens Linda B. , de Keijzer M. Niels , van Hoek Arie , van Amerongen Herbert 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe fluorescent base analogue 2‐aminopurine is a sensitive probe for local dynamics of DNA. Its fluorescence is quenched by interaction with the neighboring bases, but the underlying mechanisms are still under investigation. We studied 2‐aminopurine fluorescence in dinucleotides with each of the natural bases. Consistently, two of the four fluorescence‐decay components depend strongly on temperature. Our results indicate that these components are due to the excited‐state dynamics of a single conformational state. We propose a variation of the gating model in which transient unstacking occurs in the excited state.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Water Near Nanostructured Hydrophobic Surfaces: Interfacial Energies
Authors: Pal Sandeep , Roccatano Danilo , Weiss Horst , Keller Harald , Müller‐Plathe Florian 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present results from molecular dynamics simulations of water near structured hydrophobic surfaces. The surface structures reported herein are a planar alkane crystal as a reference and crystals with a hole and a protrusion of approximately 2.5 nm diameter and 0.5 nm depth or height. All indicators show that surface structuring increases the hydrophobicity: The water density is reduced near the structure elements, and the number of residual contacts between water and the surface decreases by about 40 % with respect to the planar surface. Thermodynamic integration shows that the interfacial energy of the structured surfaces is about 7 mJ m−2 higher for structured surfaces than for the planar surface. The hydrophobicity increases by a similar amount for the hole and the protrusion geometries compared to the planar surface.
Phase Diagram of Electrostricted H2O at Surfaces of Electrodes at 273–373 K: Electric Critical Point of Water
Authors: Danielewicz‐Ferchmin Irena , Ferchmin A. Ryszard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe equation of state of an open system containing water in an electric field of strength E greater than 108 V m−1 leads to a phase diagram with two‐phase and single‐phase regions in the Π,E,T coordinates (Π=electrostriction pressure). The phases differ by their degree of orientation of H2O molecules in the field. The phase transition is discontinuous with respect to E. The calculation shows that the discontinuity vanishes at the critical point: Πc≈0.2 GPa, Ec≈109 V m−1 and ${{\rm T}{{{\rm E}\hfill \atop c\hfill}}}$ below 313 K. The thermal effect of the transition is calculated and compared with an experiment at the Hg/aqueous electrolyte interface found in the literature.
In Situ and Online Monitoring of Hydrodynamic Flow Profiles in Microfluidic Channels Based upon Microelectrochemistry: Concept, Theory, and Validation
Authors: Amatore Christian , Oleinick Alexander , Klymenko Oleksiy V. , Svir Irina 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHerein, we propose a method for reconstructing any plausible macroscopic hydrodynamic flow profile occurring locally within a rectangular microfluidic channel. The method is based on experimental currents measured at single or double microband electrodes embedded in one channel wall. A perfectly adequate quasiconformal mapping of spatial coordinates introduced in our previous work [Electrochem. Commun. 2004, 6, 1123] and an exponentially expanding time grid, initially proposed [J. Electroanal. Chem. 2003, 557, 75] in conjunction with the solution of the corresponding variational problem approached by the Ritz method are used for the numerical reconstruction of flow profiles. Herein, the concept of the method is presented and developed theoretically and its validity is tested on the basis of the use of pseudoexperimental currents emulated by simulation of the diffusion–convection problem in a channel flow cell, to which a random Gaussian current noise is added. The flow profiles reconstructed by our method compare successfully with those introduced a priori into the simulations, even when these include significant distortions compared with either classical Poiseuille or electro‐osmotic flows.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Dinuclear Complexes Assembled from Asymmetric CoIII Bis(dioximates) and Boronic Acids
Authors: Dreos Renata , Siega Patrizia , Scagliola Silvia , Randaccio Lucio , Nardin Giorgio , Tavagnacco Claudio , Bevilacqua Manuela 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBis(methylphenylglyoximate)cobalt(III) complexes exist both as cis and trans isomers due to the asymmetry of the equatorial ligand, and, when the axial ligands are different, the trans isomer is chiral. The reaction of racemic trans‐[CH3Co(mpgH)2py] (1) with either 3‐ or 4‐pyridylboronic acid affords dimeric units arranged on a crystallographic symmetry center such that the pyridyl nitrogen of one moiety coordinates to the Co atom of the symmetry‐related unit. In principle, three structurally different dimeric species (two homodimers and one heterodimer) can be obtained. Time‐resolved 1H NMR spectra of a 1:1 mixture of racemic 1 and either 3‐ or 4‐pyridylboronic acid in CDCl3/CD3OD show that the reaction does not converge toward a unique species in solution. Nevertheless, X‐ray structures show that the heterochiral dimers are the only products that crystallize from the reaction mixture. The nature of the dioximate side groups does not affect the geometry of the dimeric arrangements assembled by 4‐pyridylboronic acid (“molecular box”). On the contrary, the geometry of the species assembled by 3‐pyridylboronic acid varies from the “molecular parallelogram” obtained from the bis(dimethylglyoximates) to the highly squeezed “molecular box” obtained from bis(methylphenylglyoximates). Cyclic voltammetry studies show that the metal centers in the dimeric species do not interact with each other and undergo a simultaneous redox process. However, depending on the geometry of the systems, the redox process involves a single four‐electron reduction for 3 and 5 or two consecutive two‐electron reduction steps for 4 and 6. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)