bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Raman spectra of LiK0.8(NH4)0.2SO4
Authors: Teixeira A. M. R. , Freire P. T. C. , Sasaki J. M. , Mendes Filho J. , Melo F. E. A. , Lemos V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRaman spectra of LiK0.8(NH4)0.2SO4 were obtained as a function of applied pressure. The measurements were carried out using a microscope to focus the light into a spot size of 2 µm, in order to avoid probing a multi‐domain sample. With increasing pressure, many of the Raman peaks are shifted towards higher wavenumbers. At certain pressures the number of peaks changes and the ˜ν vs P plots are discontinuous. These effects occurring at P = 0.9 and 2.5 GPa were interpreted as structural phase transitions. The pressure coefficients are given for modes derived from the pure E2 and A(LO) symmetries of α‐phase. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of band intensity in pre‐resonance Raman scattering from molecules
Authors: Korotkov Pavel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dependence of the intensity of Raman bands on the relative values of the frequencies of exciting radiation and electronic absorption bands of an object and on the values of the absorption coefficients and the forms of molecular vibrations was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The optimization of the choice of exciting radiation for Raman LIDAR diagnostics of the atmosphere was considered. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV Raman spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonding in gibbsite and bayerite between 93 and 453 K
Authors: Rzhevskii A. M. , Ribeiro F. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRaman spectra of bayerite and gibbsite (hydrargillite) were measured at 453, 295 and 93 K and after H D exchange at 423 K with gaseous D2O. Spectra in the O H stretching vibration region were recorded with the use of ultraviolet laser excitation, which avoided the fluorescence problem typical for these materials. Lowering the temperature led to a spectral resolution improvement with additional bands resolved in the ν(OH) spectrum of bayerite. It was established that the positions of the Raman bands are sensitive to the temperature of the sample. A spectral criterion based on different shifts of band positions with temperature was proposed as a method to distinguish between structural OH groups forming H‐bonds between hydroxide layers or in the same plane of the layer. It was found that the highest wavenumber band at 3655 cm−1 in the spectrum of bayerite does not participate in H‐bonding. A one‐to‐one correspondence between Raman spectra recorded in the ν(OH) and ν(OD) regions upon partial H D exchange with D2O is evidence that the multiplicity of spectral bands is caused by different O H···O′ distances in the hydroxide lattice rather than by vibrational coupling of H‐bonded hydroxyls. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dephasing of the ν1 vibration of isotopic molecules of carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Kirillov Sviatoslav A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe isotopic structure of the ν1 line in the isotropic Raman spectrum of liquid carbon tetrachloride was studied. A new fitting procedure was employed enabling one to fit overlapping lines, obtaining dynamic parameters at the same time. The time‐correlation functions of vibrational dephasing were first found for each isotopic species present in the liquid at their natural abundance. The isotopic dependence of the characteristic times of vibrational dephasing and vibrational frequency modulation was analysed. The isotopic dependence of dephasing times is contained primarily in the frequency factor: the dephasing times decrease with decreasing line frequency. This dependence entirely outweighs the opposite relationship between the dephasing times and masses. The frequency modulation times show the same trend, which contradicts the simple collision model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phonons in isostructural compounds CuxM1−x(HCOO)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cd): a Raman scattering study
Authors: Moura M. R. , Paschoal C. W. A. , Ayala A. P. , Guedes I. , Leyva A. G. , Polla G. , Vega D. , Perazzo P. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Raman spectra of isostructural compounds CuxM1−x(HCOO)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cd) at room temperature are presented. The phonons observed were assigned on the basis of formate and water group vibrations and correlations with previous data reported for other formates. The influence of metal–guest ion substitution is discussed in the system Cu0.53Mn0.47(HCOO)2·2H2O when Mn is replaced by Cd. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS effect from silver photoreduced on to silica colloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Muniz‐Miranda Maurizio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNovel SERS‐active substrates were obtained by photoreduction of silver ions on to silica nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous solution. By adsorption of organic ligands the Ag‐doped silica colloids show good stability and SERS efficiency comparable to those of pure silver hydrosols. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting strategic change: ‘playmaker’ roles in organizational agenda formation
Authors: Pitt Martyn , McAulay Laurie , Sims David 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
Effective strategic change depends on an evolving, relevant and timely agenda. A process in which key actors attend to some concerns and sideline others.
This article explores agenda‐forming activities in terms of the contributions made by internal change agents who adopt ‘agenda playmaking’ roles.
The repertoire of these roles is illustrated in one organization via five descriptive metaphors, namely the advocate, champion, evangelist, disciple and broker.
Effective agenda formation requires senior managers to legitimize playmaking activities by promoting organizational norms and rewards whose aim is to align personal and organizational interests and to encourage diverse, yet inclusive contributions.
Managers at all levels should also acknowledge the pivotal contributions of those who prove to be skilled playmakers as well as the value of training to develop skills in the performance of playmaker roles.
Finally, there is much to be gained from the development of a robust, dynamic and comprehensive theory of agenda formation in the strategic change process.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of gas‐producing components in different varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris by in vitro fermentation
Authors: Granito M , Champ M , David A , Bonnet C , Guerra M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhaseolus vulgaris consumption has been limited as part of the occidental diet owing to flatulence production. Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose have been shown to be the main components responsible for flatulence; however, it is thought that soluble fibre could also be involved in this phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to identify the main components of beans influencing flatus. Ten varieties of P vulgaris originating from South America were first analysed for their main nutrient and carbohydrate fractions. Three of the varieties were then fractionated to extract soluble and insoluble fibres. Various combinations of α‐galactosides and soluble and insoluble fibre fractions, in similar proportions to those contained in cooked grains, were used as substrates for in vitro fermentation studies using human faecal inoculum to determine the fermentative capacity of each of the three fractions. Considering the white varieties, total gas production and acidification of the medium were correlated with fermented organic matter from soluble fibre (R2 = 1)) and with α‐galactosides (R2 = 0.75). On the other hand, tannins present in pigmented varieties did not seem to interfere significantly in fermentation of soluble fibre. The total production of gas per gram of mixed fractions of soluble fibre and α‐galactosides in proportions found in cooked grains was lower than that expected from each substrate separately. It can be concluded that soluble fibre and α‐galactosides are good substrates for endogenous colonic flora subjected to in vitro fermentation studies and are thus responsible for flatulence induced by legume consumption.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
A new TLC method to detect the presence of ground papaya seed in ground black pepper
Authors: Paradkar Manish M , Singhal Rekha S , Kulkarni Pushpa R 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simple TLC method to detect the adulteration of black pepper powder with ground papaya seed was developed. Ethylene dichloride extracts showed a fluorescent spot at 366 nm at Rf 0.943 that proved to be a promising marker for the presence of papaya seed powder in black pepper powder even at a level of 20 g kg−1. Partial purification by column chromatography followed by GC/MS analysis indicated that this fluorescent marker was a mixture of aldehydes such as n‐nonanal, 2‐decenal and trans‐2‐undecenal which were absent from black pepper.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Validating the performance of the mammary sentinel lymph node team
Authors: Euhus David M. , Peters George N. , Leitch A . Marilyn , Saboorian Hossein , Mathews Dana , Erdman William , Anglin Beth , Huth James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe mammary sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure has the potential to improve the accuracy and lower the morbidity of axillary staging in breast cancer patients, but results are closely linked to experience and can vary widely between institutions. Standardized performance measures need to be established in order to optimize the transition to SLN biopsy only.MethodsPerformance data were prospectively collected for the first 156 mammary SLN procedures performed by three surgeons in our institution.ResultsSeventy‐five cases were required to achieve an SLN visualization rate of > 80% on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. The SLN visualization rate was 90% for the last 52 cases. Two surgeons required 25 cases before consistently achieving a ≥ 90% SLN identification rate in the operating room and one required 15 cases. The metastasis detection rate increased from 22% for the first 52 cases to 31% for the last 52 cases. The false negative rate for the procedure was 5%.ConclusionsThe following performance criteria and benchmarks are suggested for validating the performance of the SLN team: (1) SLN visualization rate on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy ≥ 80%, (2) SLN identification rate in the operating room ≥ 90%, (3) False negative rate for the procedure  5%. Thirty procedures per surgeon were sufficient to achieve these benchmarks in our group. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:209–215. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gamma probe‐directed lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy in primary melanoma: Reliability of the procedure and analysis of failures after long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Jacobs Ira A. , Chevinsky Aaron H. , Swayne Lawrence C. , Magidson Jory G. , Britto Errol J. , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSome patients presenting with cutaneous malignant melanoma without palpable adenopathy have regional metastatic disease. The results of a prospective clinical study of γ probe‐directed sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy are presented.MethodsOver a 3‐year period, 103 patients with a diagnosis of invasive primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (Breslow > 0.12 mm or > Clark level II) underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with technetium sulfur colloid followed by γ‐probe‐guided sentinel lymphadenectomy. There were 46 women and 57 men with a mean age of 55.7 years (range, 19–91).ResultsMean Breslow thickness was 2.3 mm (range, 0.12–10 mm). Primary locations were head and neck in 12, trunk 46, upper extremity 19, and lower extremity in 26. One hundred sixteen lymph node basins were mapped in 103 patients. Axillary, inguinal, and cervical nodal basins comprised 55, 34, and 11% of the total basins evaluated, respectively. Sixty‐eight patients (66%) underwent lymphatic mapping of one regional nodal basin, 27 patients (26%) underwent synchronous lymphatic mapping of 2 regional nodal basins, 6 patients (6%) underwent synchronous lymphatic mapping of 3 regional nodal basins, and 2 patients (2%) underwent synchronous lymphatic mapping of 4 regional nodal basins. Seroma or infection did not occur in any patients. Micrometastatic disease was identified in 15 sentinel lymph node biopsy sites in 13 (10%) patients. Of 10 patients undergoing lymph node dissection, 9(90%) had no additional pathological lymph node involvement. We achieved 99% success rate, 1% rate of failed sentinel node procedure, and 8% false‐negative rate after median follow‐up for 2 years.ConclusionsWe concluded that γ probe‐directed sentinel lymph node biopsy is a straightforward procedure which can be done in the outpatient setting and facilitates management of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. It allows the surgeon to identify all basins at risk for metastatic disease and the location of the sentinel node(s) in relation to the basin. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:157–164. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resection margin status in lumpectomy specimens for duct carcinoma of the breast: correlation with core biopsy and mammographic findings
Authors: Mai Kien T. , Chaudhuri Monica , Perkins D. Garth , Mirsky Douglas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe strategy for surgical treatment of breast carcinoma proven by biopsy is mainly based on the physical and mammographic examinations. To investigate if the pathological findings in core biopsy are contributory to planning the surgical strategy, we correlated the status of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the core needle biopsy of breast, the mammographic changes and the status of resection margins in the subsequent lumpectomy.Study DesignConsecutive 130 core needle biopsies with prior mammography and subsequent lumpectomy were reviewed. Biopsies were divided into: group I, DCIS; group II, DCIS and infiltrating carcinoma (IC); and group III, IC. Mammographic findings were categorized into four groups: (a) nonspecific findings; (b) calcification (Ca++); Ca++ and mass, and mass only. The status of margins in correlating lumpectomy specimens was reviewed. Close margin was defined as a free margin at less than 0.1cm from the carcinoma.ResultsThe rates of positive or close margins in three groups I, II, and III were 13/18, 18/48, and 2/64 (P < 0.001); and in mammography groups of nonspecific finding, Ca++, Ca++ mass and mass only were 5/6, 7/15, 8/37, and 13/72 (P < 0.001), respectively. Of the total of 14 cases with positive margins of more than 0.5 cm in length, 8, 4, and 2 cases were from group I, II, and II, respectively. In addition, 13 of 21 cases with nonspecific changes or with only Ca++ in mammograms belonged to the group I; 10 of these 13 cases were associated with positive margins. Forty‐one of 72 cases presenting as a mass only in mammograms belonged to the group III; only 2 of these 41 cases were associated positive margins.ConclusionsCorrelation of the extent of carcinoma with pre‐operative histopathological findings was better than with mammography. Core biopsies containing only DCIS, particularly in cases with nonspecific findings or with only Ca++ in mammograms, represent a group of breast carcinoma that pose the high risk for incomplete resection in lumpectomy. Surgical management of patients having these cores includes wider resection margins than would otherwise be taken. Most core biopsies with only IC were associated with negative margins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:189–193. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of selective internal radiation therapy and hepatic arterial chemotherapy on normal liver volume and spleen volume
Authors: Moroz Paul , Anderson James E.M. , Van Hazel Guy , Gray Bruce N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and hepatic arterial chemotherapy (HAC) on normal liver volume and spleen volume in patients receiving these treatments for advanced liver cancer.MethodsIn a phase III clinical trial to assess the benefit of SIRT over HAC one group of patients received SIRT + HAC while a second group received HAC only. All patients in this trial who had abdominal CT scans available before treatment, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment were evaluated. Changes in normal hepatic parenchyma (NHP) volume, portal vein diameter and spleen volume were calculated for each patient and analysed for significant trends.ResultsThe mean NHP volume decreased by 17% (P = 0.001) 12 months after treatment among patients receiving SIRT + HAC (N = 22), while the mean NHP volume among patients treated with HAC only (N = 15) was unchanged at 12 months. The mean portal vein diameter increased by 9% in both treatment groups, P = 0.048 and P < 0.001, respectively. The mean spleen volume increased by 48% (P < 0.001) and 26% (P = 0.001), respectively, in the two groups 12 months after treatment started. There was no clinical evidence of hepatic failure, portal hypertension or splenic dysfunction in any of the patients.ConclusionsTreatment of patients with SIRT + HAC causes contraction of the normal hepatic parenchyma, while treatment with HAC alone has no significant effect. Treatment with either SIRT + HAC or HAC alone causes a significant increase in portal vein diameter and spleen volume by 12 months after treatment. The increase in spleen volume and portal vein size is likely to be due to portal hypertension resulting from scarring within the liver as a result of chemical and radiation hepatitis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:248–252. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human resource development in remote island communities: an evaluation of tour‐guide training in Vanuatu
Authors: Black Rosemary , King Brian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbout 30% of visitors to Vanuatu visit the outer islands, where ecotourism has recently emerged as a small‐scale but significant activity. In the face of increasing competition from comparable Asia–Pacific destinations, there has been pressure on tourism operators and the Vanuatu Government to improve product quality through mechanisms such as the development of high‐quality tours. One way to enhance product quality is through the provision of appropriate professional training for tourism sector employees, including local tour guides. The paper outlines a tour‐guide training programme delivered on the outer islands, which received financial assistance from several foreign aid agencies. The programme is an instructive example of an attempt to implement a human resource strategy in a developing country arising from the recommendations of a national tourism masterplan that sought the active involvement of international funding agencies in the implementation phase. The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the training programme and outlines the challenges of programme delivery. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of the kinetics of the OH + α‐pinene and OH + β‐pinene reactions at low pressure
Authors: Chuong B. , Davis M. , Edwards M. , Stevens P. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rate constants for the OH + α‐pinene and OH + β‐pinene reactions have been measured in 5 Torr of He using discharge‐flow systems coupled with resonance fluorescence and laser‐induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical. At room temperature, the measured effective bimolecular rate constant for the OH + α‐pinene reaction was (6.08 ± 0.24) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. These results are in excellent agreement with previous absolute measurements of this rate constant, but are approximately 13% greater than the value currently recommended for atmospheric modeling. The measured effective bimolecular rate constant for the OH + β‐pinene reaction at room temperature was (7.72 ± 0.44) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, in excellent agreement with previous measurements and current recommendations. Above 300 K, the effective bimolecular rate constants for these reactions display a negative temperature dependence suggesting that OH addition dominates the reaction mechanisms under these conditions. This negative temperature dependence is larger than that observed at higher pressures. The measured rate constants for the OH + α‐pinene and OH + β‐pinene reactions are in good agreement with established reactivity trends relating the rate constant for OH + alkene reactions with the ionization potential of the alkene when ab initio calculated energies for the highest occupied molecular orbital are used as surrogates for the ionization potentials for α‐ and β‐pinene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 300–308, 2002
Kinetics and mechanism of formation of manganate(VI) and hypomanganate(V) coordination polymer intermediates during the base‐catalyzed oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose polymer by permanganate, Part 1
Authors: M. Shaker Ali 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKinetics and mechanism of the disproportionation of MnO4− via [CMC—MnVIO42−] intermediate complex formation during the oxidation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polysaccharide have been investigated spectrophotometrically at pH ≥12 and various temperatures (15–35°C). The rate law was suggested as Rate = kobsMnO4−]. Kinetic and spectrophotometric measurements revealed the formation of hypomanganate(V) and manganate(VI) transient species, which are base‐catalyzed. A mechanism was postulated that is consistent with the experimental data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 605–611, 2001
Agricultural sustainability in Turkey: integrating food, environmental and energy securities
Authors: Evrendilek F. , Ertekin C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgricultural production in Turkey is not sustainable due to degradation and loss of croplands, rapid population growth, and inequitable economic growth (poverty and overconsumption). Degrading land uses and management practices disturb the life‐supporting biogeochemical cycles within croplands and between croplands and natural ecosystems by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, and tropospheric O3), pollution of water, soil and air, loss of soil organic matter and biodiversity, erosion, salinization and desertification. Sustainability‐oriented management practices in croplands include maintenance of soil organic matter by conservation tillage and residue management, windbreaks, selection of crops ecologically adapted to local climate regimes, efficient crop rotation, enhancement of agrobiodiversity (e.g. intercropping and agroforestry), and adoption of proper drainage techniques. Implementation of these preventive and mitigative measures necessitates internalization of ecological principles into agricultural policy and management processes. This study explores the opportunities and limitations of agricultural sustainability in Turkey in a holistic manner. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed to relate CO2 emissions to energy intensity (energy use/gross domestic product), affluence (gross domestic product/population) and population growth. Our MLR model with a high R2 of 97 per cent revealed that stabilization of human population growth, and increasing energy efficiency in economic growth are essential to decreasing GHG emissions and enhancing environmental quality. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.