bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FSHD muscle shows perturbation in fibroadipogenic progenitor cells, mitochondrial function and alternative splicing independently of inflammation
Authors: Engquist Elise N , Greco Anna , Joosten Leo A B , van Engelen Baziel G M , Zammit Peter S , Banerji Christopher R S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a prevalent, incurable myopathy. FSHD is highly heterogeneous, with patients following a variety of clinical trajectories, complicating clinical trials. Skeletal muscle in FSHD undergoes fibrosis and fatty replacement that can be accelerated by inflammation, adding to heterogeneity. Well controlled molecular studies are thus essential to both categorize FSHD patients into distinct subtypes and understand pathomechanisms. Here, we further analyzed RNA-sequencing data from 24 FSHD patients, each of whom donated a biopsy from both a non-inflamed (TIRM−) and inflamed (TIRM+) muscle, and 15 FSHD patients who donated peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs), alongside non-affected control individuals. Differential gene expression analysis identified suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis and up-regulation of fibroadipogenic progenitor (FAP) gene expression in FSHD muscle, which was particularly marked on inflamed samples. PBMCs demonstrated suppression of antigen presentation in FSHD. Gene expression deconvolution revealed FAP expansion as a consistent feature of FSHD muscle, via meta-analysis of 7 independent transcriptomic datasets. Clustering of muscle biopsies separated patients in an unbiased manner into clinically mild and severe subtypes, independently of known disease modifiers (age, sex, D4Z4 repeat length). Lastly, the first genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing in FSHD muscle revealed perturbation of autophagy, BMP2 and HMGB1 signalling. Overall, our findings reveal molecular subtypes of FSHD with clinical relevance and identify novel pathomechanisms for this highly heterogeneous condition.
First, do no harm, second, say sorry? Investigating the impact of a new tort reform
Authors: DeCicca Philip , Malak Natalie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the effect of so-called “apology laws” on physician procedure choice and birth outcomes. Advocates believe they may reduce litigation since a harmed person who receives an apology or explanation may be less likely to sue, all else equal. In the medical context, this could translate into a reduction in defensive medicine practiced. To investigate this possibility, we examine the impact of these laws on the use of C-sections, a common measure for gauging the practice of defensive medicine by OB/GYN physicians. We find consistent evidence that “partial” versions actually increase the use of C-sections, contrary to the intention of these laws. More specifically, we find it is older, presumably more established physicians who respond the most. Moreover, we also find some evidence that these particular laws also reduced the rate of preventable pregnancy complications, which suggests that the extra C-sections induced may not just represent defensive medicine (JEL I10, I18, K13).
Research on fault diagnosis method of turbocharger rotor based on Hu-SVM-RFE
Authors: Chunyu Zhang , Xinyang Qiu , Haiyu Qian , Yun Liu , Junchao Zhu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Several parameters need to be monitored for turbocharger rotor faults and the overlap between different fault parameters as well as the redundancy of data, which leads to increased calculation time and reduced classification accuracy. To improve the recognition rate of turbocharger rotor faults, a recursive elimination method based on the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) combined with improved Hu invariant moments is developed for the axial orbit feature extraction of turbocharger rotor with rotor fault. Firstly, improved Hu-invariant moments are extracted for different rotor fault axis orbits, and then the feature ranking and selection are performed by the SVM-RFE method to filter out the feature combinations with higher classification recognition rates. Then, the feature matrix of the Hu-SVM-RFE algorithm screening combination was identified for classification using each of the three diagnostic algorithms. The results show that the optimal feature subset obtained by the Hu-SVM-RFE method can ensure the richness of the fault information of the turbocharger rotor with small number of features. And, a high classification rate can be obtained with low time consumption in combination with the probabilistic neural network (PNN) algorithm. Therefore, Hu-SVM-RFE feature screening method combined with PNN fault diagnosis technology has high accuracy and efficiency, which is of great significance for online fault identification of the supercharger rotor.
Awareness and beliefs of community pharmacists on disposal of unused and expired household medications in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alfian Sofa D , Khoiry Qisty A , Pratama Mochammad A A , Wahyudin Wawan , Puspitasari Irma M , Pradipta Ivan S , Abdulah Rizky 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the awareness and beliefs of community pharmacists regarding the disposal of expired and unused household medications in Indonesia.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted through convenience sampling. All pharmacists participating in a virtual training event were invited to take part in a self-administer voluntary online survey. A translated and validated questionnaire was used to assess awareness about the harm caused by improper disposal and the beliefs of the best location for collecting expired and unused household medications. Subsequently, demographic data such as age, gender, education level, and work experience of pharmacists were obtained through self-reported data. The characteristics of pharmacists and the outcomes were summarized using descriptive analysis. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the association between sociodemographic variables and outcomes.

Key findings
A total of 202 pharmacists completed the survey (response rate: 96.2%). The majority were female (83.2%) and the mean work experience was 4.7 years. Approximately 86% of pharmacists were aware of the environmental harm caused by improper disposing of expired and unused household medications, and 98% acknowledged their role in preventing such risks. Approximately 70%–80% of the respondents believed that community pharmacies were the best location for the collection of expired and unused household medications. No significant associations were found among age, gender, education level, and years of experience and the outcomes.

Conclusion
Almost all pharmacists were aware of the risk of improper disposal of expired and unused household medications and acknowledged their responsibilities to protect the environment. The strong inclination of pharmacists to select pharmacies as collection points for expired and unused medications strongly advocates for the implementation of medication take-back programs in Indonesia.
Dosimetric verification of four dose calculation algorithms for spine stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Hirashima Hideaki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Kiyonao , Matsuo Yukinori , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The applications of Type B [anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and collapsed cone (CC)] and Type C [Acuros XB (AXB) and photon Monte Carlo (PMC)] dose calculation algorithms in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were evaluated. Water- and bone-equivalent phantoms were combined to evaluate the percentage depth dose and dose profile. Subsequently, 48 consecutive patients with clinical spine SBRT plans were evaluated. All treatment plans were created using AXB in Eclipse. The prescription dose was 24 Gy in two fractions at a 10 MV FFF on TrueBeam. The doses were then recalculated with AAA, CC and PMC while maintaining the AXB-calculated monitor units and beam arrangement. The dose index values obtained using the four dose calculation algorithms were then compared. The AXB and PMC dose distributions agreed with the bone-equivalent phantom measurements (within ±2.0%); the AAA and CC values were higher than those in the bone-equivalent phantom region. For the spine SBRT plans, PMC, AAA and CC were overestimated compared with AXB in terms of the near minimum and maximum doses of the target and organ at risk, respectively; the mean dose difference was within 4.2%, which is equivalent with within 1 Gy. The phantom study showed that the results from AXB and PMC agreed with the measurements within ±2.0%. However, the mean dose difference ranged from 0.5 to 1 Gy in the spine SBRT planning study when the dose calculation algorithms changed. Users should incorporate a clinical introduction that includes an awareness of these differences.
Revolutionizing radiation therapy: the role of AI in clinical practice
Authors: Kawamura Mariko , Kamomae Takeshi , Yanagawa Masahiro , Kamagata Koji , Fujita Shohei , Ueda Daiju , Matsui Yusuke , Fushimi Yasutaka , Fujioka Tomoyuki , Nozaki Taiki , Yamada Akira , Hirata Kenji , Ito Rintaro , Fujima Noriyuki , Tatsugami Fuminari , Nakaura Takeshi , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review provides an overview of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiation therapy (RT) from a radiation oncologist’s perspective. Over the years, advances in diagnostic imaging have significantly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of radiotherapy. The introduction of AI has further optimized the segmentation of tumors and organs at risk, thereby saving considerable time for radiation oncologists. AI has also been utilized in treatment planning and optimization, reducing the planning time from several days to minutes or even seconds. Knowledge-based treatment planning and deep learning techniques have been employed to produce treatment plans comparable to those generated by humans. Additionally, AI has potential applications in quality control and assurance of treatment plans, optimization of image-guided RT and monitoring of mobile tumors during treatment. Prognostic evaluation and prediction using AI have been increasingly explored, with radiomics being a prominent area of research. The future of AI in radiation oncology offers the potential to establish treatment standardization by minimizing inter-observer differences in segmentation and improving dose adequacy evaluation. RT standardization through AI may have global implications, providing world-standard treatment even in resource-limited settings. However, there are challenges in accumulating big data, including patient background information and correlating treatment plans with disease outcomes. Although challenges remain, ongoing research and the integration of AI technology hold promise for further advancements in radiation oncology.
One-third of a century on: the state of the art, pitfalls, and the way ahead relating to digital humanities approaches to translation and interpreting studies
Authors: Gu Chonglong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The year 1993 represents a momentous milestone in the not-so-long history of translation and interpreting studies (TIS). The foundational paper published by Mona Baker entitled ‘Corpus linguistics and translation studies: Implications and applications’ in 1993 has signalled a defining moment in the application of digital humanities (DH) approaches in TIS. Since then, corpus-based TIS, as a most visible manifestation of DH in TIS, has come into being and is now gradually entering into maturity. Compared with the previously largely anecdotal, impressionist, and prescriptivist accounts of translation and interpreting, the incorporation of DH tools (e.g. CL) has significantly enriched TIS with new perspectives. This makes it possible for researchers to explore the various aspects of translation and interpreting in a more objective and systematic way, drawing on real-world data. Now one-third of a century has passed since the publication of Baker’s seminal paper, DH-inspired studies of translation and interpreting are in full swing. As we are reaching the 30-year mark of the influential publication, it is important for us to take stock of the previous achievements and look to the future both with pride and a cool head. In this article, we trace the developments of a DH approach to TIS and present the state of the art, before discussing some of the limitations and pitfalls and the road ahead going forward.
First Annual PACT Act Research Symposium on Veterans Health: A Colorado PACT Act Collaboration (CoPAC) Initiative
Authors: Hoisington Lt Col Andrew J , Lowry Christopher A , McDonald Lindsay T , Krefft Silpa D , Rose Cecile S , Kovacs Elizabeth J , Brenner Lisa A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
In response to the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act being signed into law, several research groups in Colorado organized the First Annual PACT Act Research Symposium for Veteran Health. The 2-day symposium was interested in research relevant to military exposures with a primary focus on respiratory and mental health. Information on the PACT Act, data sources in the Department of Veteran Affairs and DOD, and research opportunities at the Veteran Affairs were presented. The morning session centered on respiratory health, highlighting research conducted over the last two decades regarding deployment-related respiratory diseases. Despite the high prevalence of mental health disorders among Veterans, information presented during the afternoon sessions on mental health highlighted the dearth of research to date regarding psychological health and military-related exposures. Policymakers, clinicians, and researchers were encouraged to adopt a life-course approach when conceptualizing physical and psychological exposures. On the second day of meetings, a smaller group of participants discussed next steps in military exposure research, as well as priorities for future research. Per the latter, recommendations for future research were made regarding the need for more precise exposure characterization, longitudinal data collection, and efforts to increase understanding regarding disease pathogenesis, as well as the impact of exposures across multiple organs. Such efforts will require interdisciplinary collaboration.
CellSTAR: a comprehensive resource for single-cell transcriptomic annotation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sun Huaicheng , Zhang Wei , Fu Tingting , Huang Shijie , Mou Minjie , Zhang Jinsong , Gao Jianqing , Ge Yichao , Yang Qingxia , Zhu Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Large-scale studies of single-cell sequencing and biological experiments have successfully revealed expression patterns that distinguish different cell types in tissues, emphasizing the importance of studying cellular heterogeneity and accurately annotating cell types. Analysis of gene expression profiles in these experiments provides two essential types of data for cell type annotation: annotated references and canonical markers. In this study, the first comprehensive database of single-cell transcriptomic annotation resource (CellSTAR) was thus developed. It is unique in (a) offering the comprehensive expertly annotated reference data for annotating hundreds of cell types for the first time and (b) enabling the collective consideration of reference data and marker genes by incorporating tens of thousands of markers. Given its unique features, CellSTAR is expected to attract broad research interests from the technological innovations in single-cell transcriptomics, the studies of cellular heterogeneity & dynamics, and so on. It is now publicly accessible without any login requirement at: https://idrblab.org/cellstar.
Thinking Like a Qualitative Researcher
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L. , Atkinson Joshua D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces readers to qualitative methods and covers important topics such as reflexivity, research ethics, and positionality. The chapter begins with a definition of qualitative research that frames the entire book. Then the authors move to a discussion of the strengths of qualitative methods to show why researchers may decide that a qualitative approach is appropriate and beneficial for their research goals and share some core issues in qualitative research. The authors explain the difference between method and methodology, which is vital for designing coherent research projects. The authors also discuss how research ethics are a vital part of the entire research process. The goal of this chapter is to have readers thinking like qualitative researchers after they engage with the material, excited for what follows.
Doing Qualitative Media Analysis (Part 1)
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L. , Atkinson Joshua D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers readers detailed examples of how to do qualitative media analysis within the context of a traditional model of “the media.” This traditional model is based on 20th century observations of a centralized, broadcast media systems. The authors discuss different influences in mass media production and ways that audiences have been conceptualized in media research. Readers will learn about how to conduct research across the different levels of this traditional model. In particular, the chapter provides particular focus to qualitative content analysis, and how it differentiates from textual analysis. After reading this chapter, readers should be able to list the different levels of multilevel analysis as well as forms of interactivity that count as feedback. The goal is for readers to be able to design a qualitative media study.
Changing the Past: Failure
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the fifth chapter of The Paradoxes of Time Travel. In The Paradoxes of Time Travel Lewis argues that time travel as it is imagined in certain science fiction narratives is a genuine possibility. In his own words, Lewis aimed, ‘(1) to solve a philosophical problem hitherto largely ignored or casually mis-solved by philosophers […]; (2) to introduce the layman to various topics in metaphysics, since our problem turns out to connect with many more familiar ones; and (3) to show several of my favorite doctrines and methods in metaphysics’. In the course of his 6 lectures, Lewis lays out his Quinean four-dimensionalist metaphysics and explains how our ordinary concept of person allows for causal loops. This requires a notion of ‘reverse causation’ which Lewis explains by analysing causation in counterfactual terms. Finally, Lewis elaborates on the sense in which we can and cannot be intelligibly said to be free to change the past.
Changing the Past: Success
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the sixth chapter of The Paradoxes of Time Travel. In The Paradoxes of Time Travel Lewis argues that time travel as it is imagined in certain science fiction narratives is a genuine possibility. In his own words, Lewis aimed, ‘(1) to solve a philosophical problem hitherto largely ignored or casually mis-solved by philosophers […]; (2) to introduce the layman to various topics in metaphysics, since our problem turns out to connect with many more familiar ones; and (3) to show several of my favorite doctrines and methods in metaphysics’. In the course of his 6 lectures, Lewis lays out his Quinean four-dimensionalist metaphysics and explains how our ordinary concept of person allows for causal loops. This requires a notion of ‘reverse causation’ which Lewis explains by analysing causation in counterfactual terms. Finally, Lewis elaborates on the sense in which we can and cannot be intelligibly said to be free to change the past.
Probability Measures
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the first chapter of Confirmation Theory. Confirmation Theory is a book manuscript that Lewis wrote in 1969 on the basis of a course he’d given at UCLA. He submitted the manuscript to Harvard University Press who expressed an interest. It consists of seven chapters covering intensional semantics, probability measures, rational belief, principles of indifference and Carnap and Hintikka’s inductive systems. The work was intended to be accessible to students with, as Lewis put it, ‘hairy high-school algebra’. He described the manuscript to Richard Jeffrey as ‘Mathematically self-contained, with proofs for the major theorems’. Lewis originally envisaged that Carnap’s The Continuum of Inductive Methods (1952) be used as an accompanying text. Lewis focused on Carnap and Hintikka in particular because he believed that their work constituted the attractive core of what competing theories of confirmation had in common.
You Can’t Win (2001)
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this unfinished short paper, dating from 2001, Lewis considers a family of paradoxes of the form ‘(ThesisU) where U=df –necU, where whatever the reading of ‘nec’, we have nec(U iff –necU)’. Here ‘nec’ can be read as any of four modalities: necessity, belief, knowledge, or truth. Lewis considers versions of these paradoxes in classic, mediaeval, and contemporary texts. They include the Liar Paradox, Buridan’s Thirteenth Sophism, and Sorensen’s ‘omissive’ paradox of knowledge.
Systems of units
Authors: Maggiore Michele 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In elecrodynamics there are two common system of units, SI and Gaussian, each one with its own advantages, that differ in the definition of unit for the electric charge. We define them and discuss their relation, which involves some subtleties. The SI system is nowadays the most widely used in most contexts, but an acquaintance with the Gaussian system can also be very useful, in particular to prepare the transition from classical electrodynamics to quantum field theory, where (for reasons that we will explain) nowadays only Gaussian units (or Heaviside–Lorentz units) are used. Therefore, while we will use SI units in this book, we will explain how to quickly translate the results into Gaussian units and, in app. A, we will collect some of the most important formulas, written in Gaussian units.
Elementary applications of Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Maggiore Michele 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historically, the mathematical descriptions of phenomena in the domains of electrostatics, magnetostatics and electromagnetic induction provided the building blocks from which Maxwell’s equations were eventually inferred, with a “bottom-up” approach in which equations valid in specific settings were generalized and unified. Such a bottom-up approach is appropriate for a first introduction to electromagnetism. In this more advanced course, we take instead a “top-down” approach: after having presented the full Maxwell’s equations in the previous chapter, we develop systematically their consequences starting, in this chapter, with the most elementary applications to electrostatics (general solution with the Green’s function methods, capacitors, conductors) magnetostatics (Biot-Savart law), and electromagnetic induction (Lenz’s law, electromotive force, inductance). This does not respect the actual historical development, but has the advantage of allowing for a logically clear and streamlined presentation. Several applications are discussed in a long Solved Problems section, at the end of the chapter.