bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aliyah to Israel: Immigration Under Conditions of Adversity
Authors: Neuman Shoshana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A snapshot at figures of immigration (Aliyah) to the Land of Israel (Palestine) and to the State of Israel reveals the following: between 1882 and 1947, in successive waves of immigration, some 543,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine, joining the 24,000 who lived there. During the first three years of statehood (1948–50) the average annual growth-rate of the Jewish population was about 24 per cent, and between 1948 and 1952, mass immigration of 711,000 supplemented a population of 630,000. During the last decade of the 20th century, Israel witnessed a massive influx of Soviet immigrants. During 1990–98 the Israeli population of 4.56 million was enriched by 879,486 immigrants—a growth-rate of 19.3 per cent. In 1991, 15,000 Jews were airlifted in one single day in ‘Operation Solomon’.
The Principle of Effectiveness
Authors: Tridimas Takis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principle of effectiveness underlies a series of developments in the sphere of judicial protection and has been recognized as a general principle of Community law by the Court of Justice. It requires the effective protection of Community rights and, more generally, the effective enforcement of Community law in national courts. Effectiveness differs from the general principles of law examined so far in that it is not based directly on the laws of the Member States but derives from the distinct characteristics of Community law, primacy and direct effect.
Alterity: About Rules, For Example
Authors: Legrand’ Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The task of the comparatist is to lift himself out of his mundane existence and to attempt an ‘appropriation of the foreign’,2 to confront the enigmatical as he discerns it in other legal cultures in the full knowledge that the study of different life worlds will tax his empathic powers. Beyond the challenge to the foundational assumptions by which he leads his legal life within his local com¬ munity, the comparatist must engage in the hermeneutical act that will allow him, through his intrusion into alien forms of discourse, to decipher and explicate a range of phenomena that appear inhospitable to interpretation.
Formation of Contracts on the Internet
Authors: Dannemann Gerhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a means for entering into contracts, the Internet offers the greatest techno¬ logical advancement since the inventions of the telegraph and the telephone during the nineteenth century. This chapter takes stock of how well existing contract law regimes, and in particular the rules on offer and acceptance, inclu¬sion of standard terms, consideration and mistake, are equipped to deal with this technology. Reference will be made to English and German contract law, the EU Distance Contracts and Electronic Transactions Directives, the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC), the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and also to the US Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) and Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA).
The European Union and its Court of Justice
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The European Court of Justice is a controversial institution. Its supporters see it as having played a central and positive role in shaping a polity which has given its Member States an unprecedented degree of peace, stability and prosperity. To its detractors, it has ignored the Treaties from which it derives its powers in order to pursue an agenda of its own about the political shape of Europe. This book analyses the Court’s place in the institutional architecture of the European Union and its contribution to the constitutionalization of the Union and the development of the Union’s substantive law. Questions examined include the jurisdiction of the Court; the relationship between Union law and national law; the impact of Union law on national laws concerning remedies; and the protection of fundamental rights. The book also looks at certain key areas of substantive law which have to a large extent been judicially constructed. In the final section, some overarching themes relating to the Court’s overall approach are addressed. To what extent has it evolved with the development of the Union? What has been the Court’s relationship with the other institutions of the Union and the national courts of the Member States? Should we regard the central role the Court has undoubtedly played in the development of the Union as legitimate? What is the nature of the role reserved for the Court under the Union’s Constitutional Treaty, signed by the Member States in Rome on 29 October 2004? The book will be of interest to anyone concerned with the development of the European Union and the role of the Court in that process.
Rules without Reasons? Words for Children in Papyrus Letters
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Greek papyrus letters are full of words for children; when not sending greetings to children or passing on greetings from children, the writers are likely to be discussing their offspring’s health, activities, or clothing. Some children are mentioned by name, but many are identified only by a kinship term, or by a combination of name and kinship term. The use of these kinship terms in letters seems to have little to do with their individual meanings but rather follows a peculiar set of rules, different both from the usage of their English equivalents and from that of the same Greek words in classical literature. One can identify the rules concerned and the deviations from classical usage, but a full understanding of the reasons for these developments requires a greater mind than mine. It is with pleasure, therefore, that I offer these riddles to one who has such a mind, in hopes that she may enjoy solving them.
Supply Chains: A Marketing Perspective
Authors: Christopher Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we set out to explore the increasingly close connection between marketing strategy and supply chain design. Until recently, these two key business activities were conducted independently of each other and the idea of the supply chain as a source of potential competitive advantage was not well understood. Marketing strategies for many firms were based upon the conventional ‘Four Ps’ of product, promotion, price, and place.
Public Law
Authors: Tomkins Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Written in the well-established tradition of the Clarendon Law Series, Public Law offers a stimulating re-interpretation of the central themes and problems of English constitutional law. It offers full consideration of the historical development of public law. This book is an introduction that will be especially appealing to the enquiring student who is looking to reflect critically on the assumptions underpinning the standard presentation of the subject. Written throughout in an engaging and accessible style, Public Law examines the issues of power and accountability that are central to constitutional and administrative law. Among the topics considered are the unwritten nature of the constitution, the changing relationship between the law and the politics of the constitution, the separation of powers, the enduring influence of the crown, the role and functions of Parliament, questions of responsible government, and the law of judicial review and human rights.
Fragments and Gaps: Exploring the Theory of the Firm
Authors: Taylor Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Theorizing the firm in economic geography is fundamental to understand how local economies and communities function and evolve in a globalizing economic environment. Firms, we would contend, are at the very heart of modern-day life. They come in a seemingly infinite variety— from transnationals to small firms, corporations to branch plants, to subsidiaries and joint ventures, subcontractors to franchisees, sole proprietorships to partnerships, and manufacturers to service providers and retailers. For the most part we view them as the creators, destroyers, and repositories of jobs—the creators and destroyers of people’s livelihoods, lives and dreams. But, deciding just what a firm is, is neither a simple nor a straightforward task.
The Corporation, Shareholder Value Added, and the Power of Financial Management Narratives
Authors: O’Neill Phillip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BHP Billiton is the world’s largest resources company, although it is a relatively new global corporation having been assembled from the merger of BHP Ltd, a large Australian mining and steel manufacturing company, and Billiton Plc, a UK-listed company with extensive mining histories in southern Africa. Previously, both BHP and Billiton underwent major trans-formations in structure, assets, and operations during the 1990s. While each of the companies built wealth for its shareholders over many decades, their creation of shareholder wealth was always compromised by other claims on the surplus values they generated including from workers, governments, and local communities; and there have been a variety of means for reconciling these claims. In 2002, BHP Billiton introduced a new yardstick to guide its accumulation ambitions and its distributional flows. The Strategic Framework for the newly merged company announced that BHP Billiton’s ‘ultimate goal must be to be a core holding for global equity investors’ (BHP Billiton Group 2002: 3) thereby positioning the global funds managers as BHP’s single most important stakeholder group, a decidedly different relationship to those that historically underpinned both companies.
Misconceiving Minority Language Rights: Implications for Liberal Political Theory
Authors: May Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I do not claim to be a political theorist—my academic background is in sociology, education, and linguistics—and so it is with some trepidation that I venture directly onto this terrain here. But I do so because of the ongoing misconceptions—and, in some cases, blatant misrepresentations—evident in political theory debates around minority language rights; misconceptions and misrepresentations, moreover, that are still apparent at times in this present collection.
Evidentiality and Mirativity
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mirativity covers speaker’s ‘unprepared mind’, unexpected new information, and concomitant surprise. Delancey (1997) was the first scholar to demonstrate that though mirativity is often connected with evidentiality there is enough data to postulate it as a distinct semantic and grammatical category. (Later, Lazard 1999 suggested that mirativity can in many cases be regarded as an extension of the category of ‘mediativity’ which covers the non-firsthand in A1 systems and the non-firsthand in A2 systems: see §1.3. In fact, these evidentials often do have mirative extensions, but they are not the only ones to acquire them.) Cross¬ linguistically, mirative meanings do not always have to be expressed through evidentials. That is to say, mirativity can be a separate grammatical category in its own right, rather than a simple extension of another category. In this section I discuss mirative extensions of evidentials in systems of different types. Further examples of mirativity as a separate category are in the Appendix to this chapter. Categories other than evidentials can acquire mirative extensions; this is also taken up in the Appendix.
Whose Evidence is that? Evidentials and Person
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidentials reflect the ways in which information was acquired. But whose perception and whose evidence do we have in mind when we talk about information source? The ‘perceiver’ can be ‘I’ (the speaker), ‘you’ (the hearer, or the audience), or someone else, a ‘third’ person. The ways in which evidentiality systems interact with the person of the participants are different from how evidentials interact with other grammatical categories and meanings (see Chapter 8). Some evidentials seem to presuppose that the observer is ‘I’. It appears counterintuitive to use a non-firsthand evidential when talking about one’s own actions. And it is precisely in this context that evidentials develop unusual overtones, involving lack of intention, awareness, control, and volition.
Evidentials: where do they come from?
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidentials come from various sources, some from grammaticalized verbs, others from evidential strategies. Evidentials in large systems are often heterogeneous in origin. In §9.1 we discuss these sources and the evidential systems they produce. Evidentials easily diffuse from one language to another. Having evidentiality is a property of quite a few linguistic areas. Emergence and loss of evidentials is often due to intensive language contact. Not infrequently, evidential meanings make their way into a contact language. This is the topic of §9.2. Evidentials in obsolescent languages are discussed in §9.3. There is a summary in §9.4.
How to Choose the Correct Evidential: Evidentiality in Discourse and in Lexicon
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a language with grammatical evidentiality, an evidential value has to be selected. More often than not, evidence comes from a variety of sources. One can see and hear something at the same time. Once it is seen and heard, an inference can be made about it. With more than one option available, a problem arises—which evidential to use? The ways in which evidentials are chosen involve ‘preferred evidentials’; see §10.1. Alternatively, a particular narrative genre may require a certain evidential. An unconventional and unexpected evidential is likely to produce an unusual effect. These issues are discussed in §10.2. The choice of an evidential may partly depend on the lexical class of a verb. There may be correlations between evidentials and the organization of the lexicon; see §10.3. Choices of evidentials dictated by genre requirements and verb subclasses tend to be obligatory, and may override the ‘preferred evidential’ hierarchy.
Shy William and the Gaberlunzie Girl
Authors: Watson Tony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Synopsis: A beggar or gaberlunzie arrives and the door of a farmhouse asking for charity, and a night's lodging. He and the daughter of the house get involved with each other and plot to rise early in the morning to run away together. They do this and when the parents rise from their beds they find the man gone. No property is missing, but the daughter has disappeared.
Influencing Policy: Successes and Failures of Criminological Research in Australia
Authors: Harding* Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a series of lectures presented in 1986-7, Roger Hood explored the question of the relationship of criminology to policy. At that time he had been Director of the Centre for Criminological Research at Oxford University since 1973, so this was a question that had by then become part of his daily working life.
The Negligence Liability of Public Authorities
Authors: Cherie Booth QC , Squires Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a thorough account of the law on the negligence liability of public authorities, providing practical guidance as well as a clear analysis of this developing area of law. Divided into two Parts, the first part focuses on the extent to which the public nature of a defendant affects civil liability and the principles that govern and limit that liability. Part two considers the law as it impacts upon specific areas of public authorities' activities. This is an invaluable resource for barristers and solicitors specializing in public law, professional negligence, local government law, or specific areas such as education, healthcare, housing, and civil actions against the police and for lawyers employed by local authorities, regulators, and those professionals involved in the delivery of the service of public authorities.
Trade Mark Law
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My sole aim in writing this book is to explain, to any reader willing to read it, how the trade mark system works. This book has no hidden agenda. It is not an apology for trade marks, nor is it an onslaught on them. I have not written it specific practitioners. I have not sought to pump it full of supercharged footnotes, nor have I padded it out with useless and voluminous appendices of familiar and accessible materials. My purpose is to celebrate the joys of trade mark law, to point out its iniquities, laugh at its anomalies, gasp with admiration at its lean and muscled functionality and growl with indignation at its abuse.
Perceived Organizational Support
Authors: Eisenberger Robert , Jones Jason R , Aselage Justin , Sucharski Ivan L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research on perceived organizational support (POS) began with the observation that if managers are concerned with their employees’ commitment to the organization, employees are focused on the organization’s commitment to them. For employees, the organization serves as an important source of socio-emotional resources, such as respect and caring, and tangible benefits, such as wages and medical benefits.
Understanding the Employment Relationship: Implications for Measurement and Research Design
Authors: Tetrick Lois E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars have long recognized that clear conceptual definitions of constructs are necessary for developing reliable and valid measures of constructs as well as designing sound, valid research to test theoretical relations among constructs. The preceding chapters have addressed several issues concerning the employment relationship that suggest clear conceptual definitions may only now be emerging; as a result many of the measures do not capture the full domain of the employment relationship.
Employment Relationships in Context: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Hannah David R , Iverson Roderick D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each participant and group of participants receives from the organization inducements in return for which he makes to the organization contribu-tions each participant will continue his participation in an organization only so long as the inducements offered him are as great or greater than the contributions he is asked to make. Simon et al. (1950: 381-2)
Directions for Future Research
Authors: Shore Lynn M , Tetrick Lois E , Coyle-Shapiro, Jacqueline A-M , Taylor M Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The employment relationship can be viewed from many different theoretical perspectives, incorporating several different levels of analysis. The preceding chapters reflected these differing approaches to understanding the employment relationship and many of these chapters have provided suggestions for future research directions. The purpose of the current chapter is to reflect on the richness of these views for under standing the employment relationship by exploring themes, points of integration, and implications for future research.
Anti-social Actions of Committed Organizational Participants: An Existential Psychoanalytic Perspective*
Authors: Schwartz Howard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the movie Silkwood, a managerial employee of a nuclear chemical corporation is observed by Karen Silkwood as he retouches the photographs of welds in fuel rods intended for nuclear reactors. The man is evidently a committed organizational participant, concerned about the effects on the company, and its employees, of late delivery on a contract. He does not appear to be a loathesome, evil creature, and yet, the activity he is engaged in is not only illegal, it is potentially destructive in an order of magnitude that is sickening to contemplate.
Stakeholders
Authors: Friedman Andrew L , Miles Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The research on social discourse in societies, firms, and organizations written by researchers working in fields such as Management, Corporate Governance, Accounting and Finance, Strategy, Sociology, and Politics often make reference to the term 'stakeholder'. Yet the concept of the 'stakeholder' is unclear, and research around it often muddled. This book provides an analysis, classification, and critique of the various strands of theory about stakeholders. The authors place these theories both in the context of their philosophical underpinnings, and their practical and policy implications. Practical examples based on new data are used to examine a diverse range of stakeholders, and the relationships stakeholders have with their organizations. This is the first book on stakeholder theory to propose a critical analysis, both at the macro and micro level, that is framed and guided by theory. Written to provide both order and clarity to research into the concept of the stakeholder, the book is also written as an introduction for students. It includes chapter introductions, useful tables and figures, short vignettes on key concepts and issues, and discussion questions.
Stakeholder management from the perspective of the organization
Authors: Friedman Andrew L , Miles Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we deal with the practice of stakeholder management from the perspective of the organization. Stakeholder management is essentially stakeholder relationship management as it is the relationship and not the actual stakeholder groups that are managed. Attending to particular stakeholder relations (especially when they have gone wrong or when they have threatened to go wrong) is not a recent phenomenon. Specialist personnel or industrial relations staV have dealt with employees for years and many of them take an attitude towards employees as stakeholders and not just costs.
The Two Adjective Classes in Manange
Authors: Genetti Carol , Hildebrandt Kristine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manange is a Tibeto-Burman language, spoken in the Annapurna region of the Himalayas in Nepal. Manange is a member of the Tamangic sub-family of TibetoBurman (also known as Gurungic, or TGTM), and is closely related to the other languages of that family.
Relationships Dimensions
Authors: Liebling Alison , Arnold Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aims of the chapters that follow are threefold: the clarification of meaning; an exploratory account of the role and significance of each of 14 dimensions to prison life; and an account of our measurement technique. We draw on the ‘concrete experience’ of individuals, relating these experiences to significant theoretical themes in the literature. The Prison Service has not been theoretically sophisticated when such well-worn terms as ‘respect’ and ‘humanity’ have been used, as we suggested in Chapter 1. A higher level of sophistication and clarity is needed, whilst recognizing that we can only progress so far in one account. The empirical scales and their content therefore remain provisional, and subject to further elaboration and review. We hope we shall say enough to develop a convincing expository scheme.
Catching the Conscience of the King: Corporate Players on the International Stage
Authors: Wells Celia , Elias* Juanita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A touch of cynicism is perhaps no bad thing. It is hard enough to conceptualize the ‘corporation’ for the purposes of developing legal and moral accountability at the best of times. The fate of some of the world’s largest corporations underlines that difficulty in a stark way. Revelations of corporate fraud on a grander scale than even the most committed corporate critics might have imagined triggered a serious slide in share values in 2002. In what senses did Enron and WorldCom exist? One day (year) Enron was the subject of the biggest investigation under taken by Human Rights Watch, the next it had ‘disappeared’ in a cloud of debts, almost taking its auditors Arthur Andersen with it.