bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of metabolites in the mycelium of Cordyceps fumosorosea cultured on Periplaneta americana
Authors: Khan Tahir , Dong-Hai Hou , Zhou Jin-Na , Yang Yin-Long , Yu Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Cordyceps fumosorosea is one of the common species within the Cordyceps genus, which are cultured on Periplaneta americana. This study aimed to determine the composition of bioactive compounds, including β-glucans, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, flavonoids, ergosterol, and nitrogenous compounds (specifically nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine, adenine, and hypoxanthine), present in the mixture and mycelium at various time incubation.

Methods
Different bioactive compounds, including β-1,3-glucan, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, flavonoids, ergosterol, and nitrogenous compounds (specifically nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine, adenine, and hypoxanthine) are detected from C. fumosorosea which cultured on P. americana by UV and HPLC.

Results
Mycelia of C. fumosorosea were cultivated in P. americana (medium). The highest total β-1,3-glucan content was observed in the mixture (C. fumosorosea + P. americana) after 25 days (69.21 ± 0.07 mg/g) and in the mycelium after 25 days (56.32 ± 0.39 mg/g) using different solvents. The highest β-1,3-glucan content was attained at specific time incubation in other solvents. The content of cordycepic acid peaked at 52.28 ± 0.11 mg/g in the mixture after 25 days and at 46.96 ± 0.13 mg/g in the mycelium after 25 days. The polysaccharide content reached its highest level in the mixture after 20 days (16.68 ± 0.38 mg/g) and in the mycelium after 20 days (14.85 ± 0.10 mg/g). The peak flavonoid content was observed in the mixture after 25 days (4.65 ± 0.24 mg/g) and in the mycelium after 25 days (4.04 ± 0.07 mg/g). Nucleosides, including adenine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine, exhibited their highest levels after 25 days in the mixture and mycelium. Ergosterol content peaks at 25 days (2.25 ± 0.04 mg/g).

Conclusion
Cordyceps fumosorosea mixture and time incubation of 20 and 25 days are optimal for detecting a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including β-1,3-glucan, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, flavonoids, ergosterol, and nucleosides.
Radiology AI Deployment and Assessment Rubric (RADAR) to bring value-based AI into radiological practice
Authors: Boverhof Bart-Jan , Redekop W. Ken , Bos Daniel , Starmans Martijn P. A. , Birch Judy , Rockall Andrea , Visser Jacob J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To provide a comprehensive framework for value assessment of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology.

Methods
This paper presents the RADAR framework, which has been adapted from Fryback and Thornbury’s imaging efficacy framework to facilitate the valuation of radiology AI from conception to local implementation. Local efficacy has been newly introduced to underscore the importance of appraising an AI technology within its local environment. Furthermore, the RADAR framework is illustrated through a myriad of study designs that help assess value.

Results
RADAR presents a seven-level hierarchy, providing radiologists, researchers, and policymakers with a structured approach to the comprehensive assessment of value in radiology AI. RADAR is designed to be dynamic and meet the different valuation needs throughout the AI’s lifecycle. Initial phases like technical and diagnostic efficacy (RADAR-1 and RADAR-2) are assessed pre-clinical deployment via in silico clinical trials and cross-sectional studies. Subsequent stages, spanning from diagnostic thinking to patient outcome efficacy (RADAR-3 to RADAR-5), require clinical integration and are explored via randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Cost-effectiveness efficacy (RADAR-6) takes a societal perspective on financial feasibility, addressed via health-economic evaluations. The final level, RADAR-7, determines how prior valuations translate locally, evaluated through budget impact analysis, multi-criteria decision analyses, and prospective monitoring.

Conclusion
The RADAR framework offers a comprehensive framework for valuing radiology AI. Its layered, hierarchical structure, combined with a focus on local relevance, aligns RADAR seamlessly with the principles of value-based radiology.

Critical relevance statement
The RADAR framework advances artificial intelligence in radiology by delineating a much-needed framework for comprehensive valuation.

Keypoints
• Radiology artificial intelligence lacks a comprehensive approach to value assessment.
• The RADAR framework provides a dynamic, hierarchical method for thorough valuation of radiology AI.
• RADAR advances clinical radiology by bridging the artificial intelligence implementation gap.
HAND factors regulate cardiac lineage commitment and differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Guo Huixin , Hang Chengwen , Lin Bowen , Lin Zheyi , Xiong Hui , Zhang Mingshuai , Lu Renhong , Liu Junyang , Shi Dan , Xie Duanyang , Liu Yi , Liang Dandan , Yang Jian , Chen Yi-Han 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Transcription factors HAND1 and HAND2 (HAND1/2) play significant roles in cardiac organogenesis. Abnormal expression and deficiency of HAND1/2 result in severe cardiac defects. However, the function and mechanism of HAND1/2 in regulating human early cardiac lineage commitment and differentiation are still unclear.

Methods
With NKX2.5eGFP H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we established single and double knockout cell lines for HAND1 and HAND2, respectively, whose cardiomyocyte differentiation efficiency could be monitored by assessing NKX2.5-eGFP+ cells with flow cytometry. The expression of specific markers for heart fields and cardiomyocyte subtypes was examined by quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Microelectrode array and whole-cell patch clamp were performed to determine the electrophysiological characteristics of differentiated cardiomyocytes. The transcriptomic changes of HAND knockout cells were revealed by RNA sequencing. The HAND1/2 target genes were identified and validated experimentally by integrating with HAND1/2 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data.

Results
Either HAND1 or HAND2 knockout did not affect the cardiomyocyte differentiation kinetics, whereas depletion of HAND1/2 resulted in delayed differentiation onset. HAND1 knockout biased cardiac mesoderm toward second heart field progenitors at the expense of first heart field progenitors, leading to increased expression of atrial and outflow tract cardiomyocyte markers, which was further confirmed by the appearance of atrial-like action potentials. By contrast, HAND2 knockout cardiomyocytes had reduced expression of atrial cardiomyocyte markers and displayed ventricular-like action potentials. HAND1/2-deficient hESCs were more inclined to second heart field lineage and its derived cardiomyocytes with atrial-like action potentials than HAND1 single knockout during differentiation. Further mechanistic investigations suggested TBX5 as one of the downstream targets of HAND1/2, whose overexpression partially restored the abnormal cardiomyocyte differentiation in HAND1/2-deficient hESCs.

Conclusions
HAND1/2 have specific and redundant roles in cardiac lineage commitment and differentiation. These findings not only reveal the essential function of HAND1/2 in cardiac organogenesis, but also provide important information on the pathogenesis of HAND1/2 deficiency-related congenital heart diseases, which could potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Comparative analysis of the interactions of different Streptococcus suis strains with monocytes, granulocytes and the complement system in porcine blood
Authors: Zhu Haodan , Müller Uwe , Baums Christoph Georg , Öhlmann Sophie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStreptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Serotypes 2 and 14 are the most common zoonotic ones worldwide, whereas serotypes 2, 9, and 7 are very important in pigs in Europe. To cause invasive infections S. suis needs to enter the bloodstream. Consequently, the immune response in blood represents an important line of defense and bacteremia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of invasive S. suis infections. We investigated the working hypothesis that S. suis strains of the same serotype but different clonal complex (CC) might exhibit substantial differences in the interaction with components of the immune system in porcine blood. The experimental design of this study includes comparative analysis of 8 virulent strains belonging to 4 serotypes with strains of the same serotype being genetically not closely related. Significant differences between two strains of the same serotype but different clonal complex were recorded in the flow cytometric analysis of association with different leukocytes for serotype 9 and 14. Our results demonstrate that the serotype 9 strain of CC94 shows significantly increased association with monocytes and survival in porcine blood of conventional piglets as well as a tendency towards decreased composition of C3 in plasma of these piglets in comparison to the serotype 9 strain of CC16. Correlation analysis of C3 deposition on the bacterial surface and survival in respective blood samples of 8-week-old piglets demonstrated a negative correlation indicating that C3 deposition is a crucial step to limit bacterial survival and proliferation of different S. suis pathotypes in the blood of these piglets. In summary, our results indicate that the capsule composition of a S. suis strain is not alone sufficient to determine association with leukocytes, activation of complement, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative burst, and bacterial survival in porcine blood. In this study, substantial differences in these host–pathogen interactions were observed between strains of the same serotype. Therefore, a more comprehensive characterization of the field isolates, including at least MLST analysis to determine the sequence type/clonal complex, is recommended.
Use of live attenuated recombinant Newcastle disease virus carrying avian paramyxovirus 2 HN and F protein genes to enhance immune responses against species A rotavirus VP6 protein
Authors: Soliman Rofaida Mostafa , Nishioka Keisuke , Murakoshi Fumi , Nakaya Takaaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerous infectious diseases in cattle lead to reductions in body weight, milk production, and reproductive performance. Cattle are primarily vaccinated using inactivated vaccines due to their increased safety. However, inactivated vaccines generally result in weaker immunity compared with live attenuated vaccines, which may be insufficient in certain cases. Over the last few decades, there has been extensive research on the use of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a live vaccine vector for economically significant livestock diseases. A single vaccination dose of NDV can sufficiently induce immunity; therefore, a booster vaccination dose is expected to yield limited induction of further immune response. We previously developed recombinant chimeric NDV (rNDV-2F2HN), in which its hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins were replaced with those of avian paramyxovirus 2 (APMV-2). In vitro analysis revealed that rNDV-2F2HN expressing human interferon-gamma had potential as a cancer therapeutic tool, particularly for immunized individuals. In the present study, we constructed rNDV-2F2HN expressing the bovine rotavirus antigen VP6 (rNDV-2F2HN-VP6) and evaluated its immune response in mice previously immunized with NDV. Mice primarily inoculated with recombinant wild-type NDV expressing VP6 (rNDV-WT-VP6), followed by a booster inoculation of rNDV-2F2HN-VP6, showed a significantly stronger immune response than that in mice that received rNDV-WT-VP6 as both primary and booster inoculations. Therefore, our findings suggest that robust immunity could be obtained from the effects of chimeric rNDV-2F2HN expressing the same or a different antigen of a particular pathogen as a live attenuated vaccine vector.
Advancing forest inventorying and monitoring
Authors: Ferretti Marco , Fischer Christoph , Gessler Arthur , Graham Catherine , Meusburger Katrin , Abegg Meinrad , Bebi Peter , Bergamini Ariel , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Brunner Ivano , Bühler Christoph , Conedera Marco , Cothereau Pierre , D’Odorico Petra , Düggelin Christoph , Ginzler Christian , Grendelmeier Alex , Haeni Matthias , Hagedorn Frank , Hägeli Martin , Hegetschweiler Karin Tessa , Holderegger Rolf , Krumm Frank , Gugerli Felix , Queloz Valentin , Rigling Andreas , Risch Anita C. , Rohner Brigitte , Rosset Christian , Scherrer Daniel , Schulz Tobias , Thürig Esther , Traub Berthold , von Arx Georg , Waldner Peter , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Shackleton Ross T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractForests are under pressure and going through rapid changes. However, current inventorying and monitoring (IM) programs are often either disjointed, too narrow in their scope and/or do not operate at fine enough temporal resolutions, which may hinder scientific understanding, the timely supply of information, fast decision making, and may result in the sub-optimal use of resources. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for Advanced Forest Inventorying and Monitoring (AIM) programs to (i) achieve expanded relevance (by augmenting data/information across ecosystem properties and trophic levels), (ii) have increased temporal resolution (by tailored data collection frequency), and (iii) make use of technological advances (by incorporating novel tools and technologies). The Advanced Inventorying and Monitoring for Swiss Forests (SwissAIM) initiative was launched in 2020 to address these needs. SwissAIM builds upon the foundation offered by the existing programs (e.g., national forest inventory, long-term forest ecosystem research, biodiversity monitoring). It aims to offer a collaborative and adaptive framework to enable integrated data collection, evaluation, interpretation, analysis, and modeling. Ideally, it will result in a more responsive system with respect to current and predicted biotic/abiotic stressors that will challenge Swiss forests. Developing such a system implies identifying the information needs of different stakeholders (e.g., science, policy, practice), related technical requirements, and governance frameworks. Here, we present (i) the main features of the SwissAIM initiative (vision, scientific questions and variables, governance and engagement), (ii) the main outcomes of the participatory design process (measurements, sampling, and plot design), (iii) the potential transferability of AIM initiatives outside Switzerland (timing, relevance, practicability), and (iv) the key messages that emerged (i.e., need for advancement, integration and transdisciplinarity, statistical underpinning). Since similar needs related to forest inventorying and monitoring are emerging throughout Europe and elsewhere, the objective of this opinion paper is to share our experience and promote a dialog with those interested in developing AIM initiatives in other countries and regions.
Current and future distribution of Eucalyptus globulus under changing climate in Ethiopia: implications for forest management
Authors: Mosisa Gemechis B. , Tassie Nega , Adula Motuma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEucalyptus globulus is a species endemic to southeastern Australia. It has naturalized non-native ranges in other parts of Australia, Europe, Africa, and the western United States. This study is the first of its kind in Ethiopia to model and map the spatiotemporal distribution of the species using species distribution models (SDMs). A total of 874 occurrence records were used from the online Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database and field observation. Three environmental variables, including terrain, climate, and soil were used to predict the species’ distribution. The terrain, climate, and soil raster grids were resampled to a 200-meter resolution. The Global Circulation Model (GCM) HadGEM3-GC3.1 was used to extract future climate data. This GCM has a good match between the atmospheric and oceanic components showing little drift in its surface climate. Besides, it has the best coverage of Africa. Three climate change scenarios (SSPs 1-2.6, SSPs 2-4.5, and SSPs 5-8.5) were used for predicting suitable habitat of the species. The jackknife test was chosen to assess the importance of each environmental predictor variable. The model’s performance was evaluated using the Area under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The model had excellent predictive performance with an average AUC of 0.94. Altitude, rooting conditions, slope, dry-month precipitation, and temperature seasonality are the most important environmental factors in shaping E. globulus distribution. Ethiopian highlands are predicted to be more suitable to the species, but the increase in temperature seasonality may reduce suitable habitat under the high-forcing climate change scenario. Climate change is expected to create more suitable habitats for eucalyptus in the future which may encourage plantations in potential distribution areas. Consequently, ensuring long-term forest health necessitates robust management systems prioritizing native trees and responsible grower or farmer practices.
Positive end-expiratory pressure limits inspiratory effort through modulation of the effort-to-drive ratio: an experimental crossover study
Authors: Widing Hannes , Pellegrini Mariangela , Chiodaroli Elena , Persson Per , Hallén Katarina , Perchiazzi Gaetano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
How assisted spontaneous breathing should be used during acute respiratory distress syndrome is questioned. Recent evidence suggests that high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may limit the risk of patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of PEEP on esophageal pressure swings, inspiratory drive, and the neuromuscular efficiency of ventilation. We hypothesized that high PEEP would reduce esophageal pressure swings, regardless of inspiratory drive changes, by modulating the effort-to-drive ratio (EDR). This was tested retrospectively in an experimental animal crossover study. Anesthetized pigs (n = 15) were subjected to mild to moderate lung injury and different PEEP levels were applied, changing PEEP from 0 to 15 cmH2O and back to 0 cmH2O in steps of 3 cmH2O. Airway pressure, esophageal pressure (Pes), and electric activity of the diaphragm (Edi) were collected. The EDR was calculated as the tidal change in Pes divided by the tidal change in Edi. Statistical differences were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
Inspiratory esophageal pressure swings decreased from − 4.2 ± 3.1 cmH2O to − 1.9 ± 1.5 cmH2O (p < 0.01), and the mean EDR fell from − 1.12 ± 1.05 cmH2O/µV to − 0.24 ± 0.20 (p < 0.01) as PEEP was increased from 0 to 15 cmH2O. The EDR was significantly correlated to the PEEP level (rs = 0.35, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Higher PEEP limits inspiratory effort by modulating the EDR of the respiratory system. These findings indicate that PEEP may be used in titration of the spontaneous impact on ventilation and in P-SILI risk reduction, potentially facilitating safe assisted spontaneous breathing. Similarly, ventilation may be shifted from highly spontaneous to predominantly controlled ventilation using PEEP. These findings need to be confirmed in clinical settings.
Changes in breakfast and water consumption among adolescents in Canada: examining the impact of COVID-19 in worsening inequity
Authors: Duncan Markus J. , Belita Emily , Amores Angelica , Riazi Negin A. , Carsley Sarah , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Carson Valerie , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Faulkner Guy , Leatherdale Scott T. , Patte Karen A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess whether changes in breakfast and water consumption during the first full school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic varied based on sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status among Canadian adolescents.

Methods
Prospective annual survey data collected pre- (October 2019-March 2020) and post-COVID-19 onset (November 2020-June 2021) the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study. The sample consisted of 8,128 students; mean (SD) age = 14.2 (1.3) years from a convenience sample of 41 Canadian secondary schools. At both timepoints self-reported breakfast and water consumption were dichotomized as daily or not. Multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations with school clustering were used to estimate differences in maintenance/adoption of daily consumption post-COVID-19 based on demographic factors, while controlling for pre-COVID-19 behaviour.

Results
Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals are reported. Females (AOR = 0.71 [0.63, 0.79]) and lower socioeconomic status individuals (AORLowest:Highest=0.41 [0.16, 1.00]) were less likely to maintain/adopt daily breakfast consumption than male and higher socioeconomic status peers in the 2020–2021 school year. Black identifying individuals were less likely than all other racial/ethnic identities to maintain/adopt plain water consumption every day of the week (AOR = 0.33 [0.15, 0.75], p < 0.001). No significant interaction effects were detected.

Conclusions
Results support the hypothesis that changes in nutritional behaviours were not equal across demographic groups. Female, lower socioeconomic status, and Black adolescents reported greater declines in healthy nutritional behaviours. Public health interventions to improve adherence to daily breakfast and water consumption should target these segments of the population.

Trial Registration
Not a trial.
Feasibility of a breath robot intervention to reduce sleep problems in posttraumatic stress disorder: protocol for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Lotzin Annett , Laskowsky Isabelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Many patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suffer from sleep problems. Robot-based interventions might be an innovative approach to reduce sleep problems and hyperarousal in PTSD. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of a breath robot in patients with PTSD have never been empirically tested. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a breath robot to reduce sleep problems and hyperarousal in patients with PTSD.

Methods
This randomized controlled feasibility study will include N = 30 adult patients with at least subsyndromal PTSD (PTSD Symptom Scale – Interview-5 (PSSI-5)) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and impaired sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) > 5). Patients with organic sleep disorders or currently in psychotherapeutic treatment are excluded. Study participants are randomized to receive either a 4-week Somnox 2 robot intervention including simulation of human breath or a 4-week Somnox 2 robot intervention without human breath simulation. The primary outcome will be the proportion of randomized participants providing outcome data at post-treatment. We consider a proportion of > 50% to indicate feasibility. Additional feasibility outcomes include eligibility rate, recruitment speed, uptake, retention, treatment adherence, and dropout. Potential outcomes of effectiveness (sleep quality, PSQI; severity of PTSD symptoms, PSSI-5) will be assessed at two time points, before (T0) and after (T1) the intervention. Sleep characteristics (Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD)) are measured daily.

Discussion
This study is the first to investigate the feasibility of a novel breath robot intervention for reducing sleep problems and hyperarousal in PTSD patients, with effectiveness considered as a secondary outcome. If feasible and effective, the use of a breath robot could be a nonintrusive and flexible intervention to supplement psychotherapy or to bridge treatment gaps.

Trial registration
DRKS, DRKS00031063. Registered on 10/012023.