bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local laws and a mesoscopic CLT for β‐ensembles
Authors: Peilen Luke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the statistical mechanics of the log‐gas, or β‐ensemble, for general potential and inverse temperature. By means of a bootstrap procedure, we prove local laws on the next order energy that are valid down to microscopic length scales. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this kind of a local quantity has been controlled for the log‐gas. Simultaneously, we exhibit a control on fluctuations of linear statistics that is valid at all mesoscales using Johansson's method and a transport approach. Using these local laws, we are able to exhibit for the first time a CLT at arbitrary mesoscales, improving upon previous results that were true only for power mesoscales.
Effect of Sb Doping on Structure and Humidity Sensing Properties of SnO2 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Ding Yuchuan , Niu Liyan , Chen Yong , Wang MaoHua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe tetragonal rutile Sb doped Sn O2 (0, 0.5, 1 at.%) is successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The XRD analysis shows that the average crystallite size of SnO2 decreases from 29.59 to 20.53 nm with the increase of the doping concentration. SEM images depict the spherical grain morphology of the SnO2 sample. With the increase of the doping ratio, the optical bandgap value of the SnO2 samples increases from 3.6 to 3.86 eV and then decreases to 3.47 eV, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. XPS results indicate that oxygen vacancy defects and substitutional defects(SbSn)are formed into the SnO2 lattice, which changes the electronic effect of Sn element to tune the oxygen vacancy concentration. The humidity‐sensitive testing data shows that 1 at.% Sb‐doped SnO2 humidity sensor presented excellent sensitivity and linearity at a working frequency of 100 Hz as compared to the pure SnO2 sample.
The Comparative Third‐Order Nonlinearities of Titanium Carbide and Tungsten Carbide in the Visible Regain
Authors: Nadafan Marzieh , Majidi Roya , Khashehchi Morteza , Shahram Shamim , Safdari Mohammad , Dehghani Zahra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the structure and properties of Titanium carbide (TiC) and Tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles. The X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of a hexagonal structure in WC nanoparticles and cubic structure in TiC nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the particle sizes to be within the range of 30–50 nm. The bandgap of TiC and WC nanoparticles are 3.5 and 3.6 eV, respectively based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) along with Kubelka–Munk. Furthermore, the optical phonons and dielectric function of WC and TiC nanoparticles are investigated using the reflectance spectra along with the Kramers–Kronig (KK) method. Furthermore, the Z‐scan technique, employing a Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm, is utilized to assess the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of WC and TiC nanoparticles. The open aperture Z‐scan measurements of WC nanoparticles indicate reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior and a positive nonlinear refraction (NLR) coefficient. On the other hand, TiC nanoparticles show RSA behavior with a negative NLR effect. The order of NLR, nonlinear absorption coefficient, and the susceptibility of TiC and WC are 10−8 cm2 W−1, 10−4 cm W−1, and 10−6 esu, respectively.
Brief history of the alcohol biomarkers CDT, EtG, EtS, 5‐HTOL, and PEth
Authors: Jones Alan Wayne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article traces the historical development of various biomarkers of acute and/or chronic alcohol consumption. Much of the research in this domain of clinical and laboratory medicine arose from clinics and laboratories in Sweden, as exemplified by carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Extensive studies of other alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), and 5‐hydroxytryptophol (5‐HTOL), also derive from Sweden. The most obvious test of recent drinking is identification of ethanol in a sample of the person's blood, breath, or urine. However, because of continuous metabolism in the liver, ethanol is eliminated from the blood at a rate of 0.15 g/L/h (range 0.1–0.3 g/L/h), so obtaining positive results is not always possible. The widow of detection is increased by analysis of ethanol's non‐oxidative metabolites (EtG and EtS), which are more slowly eliminated from the bloodstream. Likewise, an elevated ratio of serotonin metabolites in urine (5‐HTOL/5‐HIAA) can help to disclose recent drinking after ethanol is no longer measurable in body fluids. A highly specific biomarker of hazardous drinking is CDT, a serum glycoprotein (transferrin), with a deficiency in its N‐linked glycosylation. Another widely acclaimed biomarker is PEth, an abnormal phospholipid synthesized in cell membranes when people drink excessively, having a long elimination half‐life (median ~6 days) during abstinence. Research on the subject of alcohol biomarkers has increased appreciably and is now an important area of drug testing and analysis.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment: How Can Regions at Risk be Identified in the Future?
Authors: Wilkinson John L. , Thornhill Ian , Oldenkamp Rik , Gachanja Anthony , Busquets Rosa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are an indispensable component of a healthy society. However, they are well-established environmental contaminants, and many can elicit biological disruption in exposed organisms. It is now a decade since the landmark review covering the top 20 questions on PPCPs in the environment (Boxall et al., 2012). In the present study we discuss key research priorities for the next 10 years with a focus on how regions where PPCPs pose the greatest risk to environmental and human health, either now or in the future, can be identified. Specifically, we discuss why this problem is of importance and review our current understanding of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. Foci include PPCP occurrence and what drives their environmental emission as well as our ability to both quantify and model their distribution. We highlight critical areas for future research including the involvement of citizen science for environmental monitoring and using modeling techniques to bridge the gap between research capacity and needs. Because prioritization of regions in need of environmental monitoring is needed to assess future/current risks, we also propose four criteria with which this may be achieved. By applying these criteria to available monitoring data, we narrow the focus on where monitoring efforts for PPCPs are most urgent. Specifically, we highlight 19 cities across Africa, Central America, the Caribbean, and Asia as priorities for future environmental monitoring and risk characterization and define four priority research questions for the next 10 years. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:575–588. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
FIGO good practice recommendations for cesarean delivery: Prep‐for‐Labor triage to minimize risks and maximize favorable outcomes
Authors: Barnea Eytan R. , Inversetti Annalisa , Di Simone Nicoletta ,   the FIGO Childbirth and Postpartum Hemorrhage Committee
Published: October 2023

AbstractCesarean delivery is an abdominal surgical procedure performed for child delivery when the vaginal route is not feasible or desired due to maternal/fetal indications. All childbirth facilities should be able to safely perform a cesarean, which is not the current reality. For planned cesarean delivery, the facility must be prepared for the patient. In contrast, for unplanned arrivals at the facility, FIGO's Prep‐for‐Labor triage method allows rapid decision‐making on whether cesarean delivery can be safely performed on site or whether transfer to an advanced care center is needed. A checklist of staff/tools for safe on‐site cesarean delivery is provided to enable timely decision‐making. Maternal complications following cesarean are three‐fold higher than vaginal delivery. To prevent nonmedically indicated cesarean by favoring vaginal delivery, up‐to‐date safe and effective guidance is provided, defining labor, second stage length, and status before an arrested labor is confirmed. Whether cesarean delivery is planned or emergency, the Misgav Ladach simplified procedure is proposed as it is suitable for both low‐ and high‐risk cases, including twins, thereby reducing both operative morbidity and postoperative recovery. A trial of labor after first cesarean (TOLAC) should be pursued when feasible, for which the indications, contraindications, safeguards, and steps of safe labor induction are delineated. Implementation of these good practice recommendations will improve childbirth by reducing excessive nonindicated cesareans, while precisely defining the resources and postoperative care required for safe performance on site. Enabling safe childbirth by cesarean and TOLAC, even at sites with low rates currently, will significantly improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
FIGO good practice recommendations on surgical techniques to improve safety and reduce complications during cesarean delivery
Authors: Nunes Inês , Nicholson Wanda , Theron Gerhard ,   the FIGO Childbirth and Postpartum Hemorrhage Committee
Published: October 2023

AbstractFIGO is actively contributing to the global effort to reduce maternal morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide. Cesarean delivery rates are increasing globally, without signs of slowing down. Bleeding associated with cesarean delivery has become an important cause of hemorrhage‐related maternal deaths in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Correct surgical techniques to improve safety and reduce complications of cesarean delivery is of the utmost importance. This article presents FIGO's good practice recommendations for effective surgical techniques to reduce cesarean complications. Evidence‐based information is included where data are available. An expanded WHO Surgical Safety Checklist for maternity cases is suggested. Different incision techniques through the layers of the abdominal wall with appropriate indications are discussed. Hysterotomy through a transverse incision is described, as are indications for low vertical and classical incisions. Important precautions when extracting the fetus are explained. Uterine closure includes a safe method ensuring adequate reapproximation of the upper segment if a vertical incision is made. The paper concludes with the management of two common bleeding problems following delivery of the placenta.
Deep learning‐based robust hybrid approaches for brain tumor classification in magnetic resonance images
Authors: Krishnasamy Narayanan , Ponnusamy Thangaraj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe classification of brain images is an immensely challenging task and one of the most valuable and frequently employed procedures in the field of medical diagnostics. Deep Learning (DL), which falls under the umbrella of artificial intelligence, has introduced novel techniques for automated analysis of medical images. The objective of this study was to develop two hybrid DL models for the segmentation and classification of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The first hybrid model combines fully convolutional networks (FCNs) and residual networks (ResNets) for both segmentation and classification purposes. The second model is a hybrid of SegNet for segmentation and MobileNet for classification. Rest assured, it will provide you with a dependable and promising performance. The analysis was conducted on a labeled dataset comprising images of glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and no‐tumor cases. Python was utilized to implement the aforementioned hybrid models. The proposed models achieved remarkable accuracies of 93.9% and 91.3%, respectively, when evaluated on a brain tumor MRI dataset. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed models was conducted, comparing them with other existing hybrid models in terms of metrics such as the dice score, Jaccard index, positive predictive value (PPV), false predictive value (FPV), testing time, precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score. The results demonstrated that the proposed DL technique can significantly assist doctors and radiologists in the early detection of brain tumor cells.
Curiosity and Intellectual Wellness: Does being curious help counselors stay well?
Authors: Hamilton Mark A. , Granello Darcy Haag , Arjune Bhudayal , Granello Paul F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCounselors and counseling students (N = 125) were surveyed to determine whether curiosity could predict Intellectual Wellness. Structure coefficients found Diversive Curiosity accounted for 19% of the variance and Specific Curiosity for 11%. Implications are including curiosity into training and practice and future research on isolating variables that comprise wellness domains.
Regulatory effect of graphene on growth and carbon/nitrogen metabolism of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wang Shiya , Wang Xinyi , Liu Ying , Sun Guangxu , Kong Deyong , Guo Wei , Sun Haiyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeakage of graphene into the environment has resulted from its increasing use. Although the impact of graphene on ecosystems is already in full swing, information regarding its impact on plants is lacking. In particular, the effects of graphene on plant growth and development vary, and basic information on the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism is missing. In the current study, the way in which graphene (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 g kg−1) affects maize seedlings was studied in terms of morphological and biochemical indicators. The purpose of this study was to understand better how graphene regulates plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism and to understand its interactions with leaf structure and plant growth.RESULTSThe results showed that 50 g kg−1 graphene increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry weight; however, this was inhibited by the high level of graphene (200 g kg−1). Further studies indicated that different concentrations of graphene could increase leaf thickness and vascular bundle area as well as the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves; 25 and 50 g kg−1 graphene enhanced the leaves stomatal conductance (Cond), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci), and chlorophyll content. Higher concentrations decreased the above indicators. At 50 g kg−1, graphene increased the activity of carbon/nitrogen metabolism enzymes by increasing carbon metabolites (fructose, sucrose, and soluble sugars) and soluble proteins (nitrogen metabolites). These enzymes included sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT).CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that graphene can regulate the activities of key enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism effectively and supplement nitrogen metabolism through substances produced by carbon metabolism by improving photosynthetic efficiency, thus maintaining the balance between carbon and nitrogen and promoting plant growth and development. The relationship between these indexes explained the mechanism by which graphene supported the growth of maize seedlings by enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism and maintaining metabolic balance. For maize seedling growth, graphene treatment with 50 g kg−1 soil is recommended. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Postharvest wine grape dehydration: ethanol dissipation from grape and biochemical changes
Authors: Bianchi Alessandro , Pettinelli Stefano , Santini Gregorio , Taglieri Isabella , Zinnai Angela , Petriccione Milena , Magri Anna , Modesti Margherita , Cerreta Raffaele , Bellincontro Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring postharvest dehydration, grapes are subject to metabolic changes including ethanol anabolism and catabolism. These changes affect the quality of the final product and ethanol production is a key step. Ethanol dissipation has never been measured during postharvest wine grape dehydration. Thus, the present study aimed to: (i) monitor ethanol dissipation and (ii) investigate chemical–biochemical changes in berries during dehydration.RESULTSEthanol dissipation from Raboso grapes, under controlled postharvest dehydration, was found to comprise up to 36% of weight loss (w.l.). Moreover, the activity of enzymes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of grapes was investigated. Ethanol dissipation was highly correlated with grape weight loss (r2 = 0.989). Alcohol dehydrogenase activity, responsible for the reduction of ethanol to acetaldehyde, declined significantly with w.l. Similarly, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase reduced their activity. High lipoxygenase activity was measured at 27% w.l., whereas polyphenol oxidation was constant and declined in the last sampling.CONCLUSIONEthanol dissipation during postharvest dehydration allows for reducing anaerobic metabolism and promotes oxidative metabolism. The sensor used can be a useful commercial tool for monitoring berry metabolism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Surface Nanomechanics of Bacteria under UV Radiation
Authors: Zhang Weixiong , Zhang Liping , Mai Zhihui , Qian Lu , Gong Xiangjun , Ngai To 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is well established that UV radiation can inactivate bacteria by destroying DNA in the cell envelope, and maintaining the integrity of the cellular membrane. However, how UV radiation changes the surface properties and thus affects bacterial adhesion remain elusive. In this study, single‐cell force spectroscopy is employed to examine the surface nanomechanics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under UV exposure. It shows that P. aeruginosa became stiffer after UV radiation, and its adhesion to silicon surface decreases with rupture length increasing. Nanospring signatures in the retraction force curve become less with lower spring constant but more plateau signatures with higher rupture length appear. These facts indicate the unfolding of the α‐helices of the pili. Besides, the worm‐like chain force curves with higher contour length indicate the structural degradation of transmembrane proteins or surface macromolecules obstruction. Accordingly, the bacterial adhesion decreases after UV radiation.
Melt Electrowriting of Nylon‐12 Microfibers with an Open‐Source 3D Printer
Authors: Reizabal Ander , Devlin Brenna L. , Paxton Naomi C. , Saiz Paula G. , Liashenko Ievgenii , Luposchainsky Simon , Woodruff Maria A. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study demonstrates how either a heated flat or cylindrical collector enables defect‐free melt electrowriting (MEW) of complex geometries from high melting temperature polymers. The open‐source “MEWron” printer uses nylon‐12 filament and combined with a heated flat or cylindrical collector, produces well‐defined fibers with diameters ranging from 33 ± 4 to 95 ± 3 µm. Processing parameters for stable jet formation and minimal defects based on COMSOL thermal modeling for hardware design are optimized. The balance of processing temperature and collector temperature is achieved to achieve auxetic patterns, while showing that annealing nylon‐12 tubes significantly alters their mechanical properties. The samples exhibit varied pore sizes and wall thicknesses influenced by jet dynamics and fiber bridging. Tensile testing shows nylon‐12 tubes are notably stronger than poly(ε‐caprolactone) ones and while annealing has limited impact on tensile strength, yield, and elastic modulus, it dramatically reduces elongation. The equipment described and material used broadens MEW applications for high melting point polymers and highlights the importance of cooling dynamics for reproducible samples.
Professional competence required in advanced practice nursing in critical care: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Solberg Marianne Trygg , Pedersen Ingunn , Mathisen Cathrine , Finnstrøm Inger Johanne , Lundin Per Kristian , Nes Andréa Aparecida Gonçalves 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the required competencies of advanced practice nurses (APNs) working with patients in critical care units in Norway.DesignAn exploratory qualitative design.MethodsFour focus group interviews were performed with 18 nurses who worked in critical care units. The data were examined by inductive content analysis following Graneheim and Lundman's approach.FindingsOur study found that APNs in critical care require the following professional competencies to meet the needs of patients characterised by greater age, comorbidities and increased complexity: (1) intrapersonal skills as revealed in the subthemes of self‐awareness; motivation and commitment; strong mental health and upholding ethical standards, (2) advanced clinical decision‐making skills as identified in the subthemes of integration of theory and practice; complex practical and technical skills; dealing with increased delegated responsibility and taking the lead in managing increased practice complexity and (3) interpersonal skills, including peer guidance, practising collaboratively and the ability to position oneself.
Maximal daily stepping cadence partially explains functional capacity of individuals with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hoffman Rashelle M. , Davis‐Wilson Hope C. , Hanlon Shawn , Swink Laura A. , Kline Paul W. , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , Melanson Edward L. , Christiansen Cory L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) walk at a lower intensity (ie, slower step cadence) contributing to worse physical function. Previous literature reports daily step counts and sedentary time, with little information regarding stepping bouts or cadence. Determining relationships between daily higher stepping cadence duration and clinical outcomes can move the field toward optimal daily stepping prescription.ObjectiveTo quantify daily physical activity patterns of individuals with end‐stage knee OA and determine the contribution of high stepping cadence to explain functional capacity variability.DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingVeterans Administration medical center.ParticipantsU.S. military veterans (n = 104; age: 67.1 years [7.2]; mean [SD]; male [89.3%]) with end‐stage knee OA were enrolled.InterventionNot applicable.Main outcome measureFunctional capacity (6‐Minute Walk Test [6MWT]). Physical activity (activPAL wearable sensor; cadence and time sitting, standing, and stepping), pain (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index‐pain subscale) sociodemographic variables, and comorbidities (body mass index and Functional Comorbidity Index) are the main explanatory variables.ResultsParticipants' wake time was mainly sitting (11.0 h/day) in ≥60‐minute bouts (29.7% ± 12.7 of sitting time). Standing (3.4 hours/day) and stepping (1.4 h/day) primarily occurred in 0–5 minute bouts (standing: 87.7% ± 14.4 of standing time, stepping: 98.7% ± 12.7 of stepping time) and stepping cadence was predominantly incidental (1–19 spm; 52.9% ± 9.6 of total stepping time). Backward elimination model results indicated shorter medium‐to‐brisk cadence bout duration, older age, and higher pain significantly explained shorter 6MWT distance (AdjR2=0.24, p < .01).ConclusionsIndividuals with knee OA spend most of their waking hours sitting, while standing and stepping occurs in short bouts at very low stepping cadence. Decreased time in high stepping cadence is associated with lower functional capacity. Future studies should explore if increasing the daily time spent in higher step cadence can improve functional capacity in this population.