bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic switches based on VO2 as the phase change material
Authors: Dalal Kirti , Sharma Yashna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in the design and development of plasmonic switches based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented. Plasmonic switches are employed in applications such as integrated photonics, plasmonic logic circuits and computing networks for light routing and switching, and are based on the switching of the plasmonic properties under the effect of an external stimulus. In the last few decades, plasmonic switches have seen a significant growth because of their ultra-fast switching speed, wide spectral tunability, ultra-compact size, and low losses. In this review, first, the mechanism of the semiconductor to metal phase transition in VO2 is discussed and the reasons for employing VO2 over other phase change materials for plasmonic switching are described. Subsequently, an exhaustive review and comparison of the current state-of-the-art plasmonic switches based on VO2 proposed in the last decade is carried out. As the phase transition in VO2 can be activated by application of temperature, voltage or optical light pulses, this review paper has been categorized into thermally-activated, electrically-activated, and optically-activated plasmonic switches based on VO2 operating in the visible, near-infrared, infrared and terahertz frequency regions.
Graphene nanoribbon woven fabric against the impact of a cylindrical projectile
Authors: Li Yaomin , Tian Hong , Yang Xing , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Graphene nanoribbon woven fabrics (GNWFs) with excellent mechanical properties are promising for ballistic armor materials. The dynamic response of single-layer and bilayer GNWFs under nano-projectile impact at high-speed (4–5 km s−1) is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that the woven structure is determined by the bandwidth and gap spacing, which influences the deformation/fracture and motion coupling effects of the crossed nanoribbons and the ballistic performance of GNWF. Owing to the perturbation of the van der Waals (vdW) interface between nanoribbons, the specific penetration energy of GNWFs reaches 16.02 MJ kg−1, which is much higher than that of single-layer graphene (10.80 MJ kg−1) and bilayer graphene (10.07 MJ kg−1). The peculiarities of woven structure minimize the damage of GNWFs, on the one hand, the reversibility of vdW interactions and the entanglement of nanoribbons provide GNWFs a certain self-healing ability. On the other hand, the porous nanostructure of twist-stacked bilayer GNWFs tends to be uniform and dense with the twist angle, which improves the impact resistance. This study provides more understanding of the ballistic properties of GNWFs and the design of nano-fabrics based on two-dimensional materials.
High energy storage of PbZrO3 antiferroelectric thin films via constructing phase composition
Authors: Zheng M M , Liu A D , Wang S Q , Chen J Y , Yang F , Liu T X , Wu S J , Lin L , Hu Y C , Shang J , Yin S Q , Wang X W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we fabricated PbZrO3 (PZ) thin films by the way of sol–gel spin on LaNiO3 buffered SiO2/Si substrates, and annealed them at different given temperatures by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). By controlling annealing temperature, PZ thin films showed different microstructures and phase compositions, whose impact of electrical properties and energy storage performance were researched. According to the research findings, the phase composition of film presents a general rule with the decrease of annealing temperature: PZ thin films crystallize into perovskite phase, pyrochlore phase, and amorphous phase. The films annealed at 620 °C crystallized into a state of coexistence of pyrochlore phase and perovskite phases, which also show moderate recoverable energy density and the highest energy storage efficiency (8.7 J cm−3 and 93.1%). This energy storage performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of high electric breakdown strength of dense pyrochlore phase structure and high maximum polarization of perovskite phase. The findings of this paper help to explain the influence of pyrochlore phase on the energy storge performance of thin films. Thus, it is useful way to improve the energy storage performance of thin films.
Analysis of fusion reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei on medium and heavy mass targets
Authors: Rani Neha , Singh Monika , Singh Pardeep , Kumar Rajiv , Kharab Rajesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fusion cross section for reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei 6He, 6,7Li 9,11Be and 10B on targets lying in the mass region 64 ≤ A ≤ 238 have been investigated at around Coulomb barrier energies within the coupled channel formalism. Specifically, the effects of coupling to low-lying excited states of reactants and those arises due to the breakup of projectile have been studied by using Broglia and Winther (BW91), Aage Winther (AW95) and fitted potential (FP) parameterization schemes. Among these the FP scheme is found to be most appropriate in the description of fusion excitation functions of various projectile-target combination. Further, it is observed that in the sub barrier energy region there is an enhancement in the fusion cross section due to coupling to excited states while there occurs fusion suppression at above barrier energies because of the breakup of the projectile.
Chromium activated Ca9Al (PO4)7 nanophosphors: synthesis, morphology and dosimetry characteristics
Authors: Alawsh Sufyan A , Qaid Saif M H , Alkadi Muath , Asemi Nassar N , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, a sol–gel route was employed to prepare nanophosphor materials including Ca9−x CrxAl (PO4)7 series (where 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 (mol%)). All subseries were irradiated to a γ- test dose of 5 Gy and the thermoluminescence (TL) response of Cr-activated (0.1 mol%) Ca9Al (PO4)7 sample has the best TL response and was chosen for investigations. The phase, particle size, surface morphology, and elemental mapping of the chosen sample Cr0.1 in comparison with other ones (Cr0.05 and Cr0.5) were scrutinized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), SEM-EDX mapping, and XPS techniques. XRD profiles showed that all diffraction peaks assigned to the trigonal R 3 c space group and the average of particle sizes obtained by the modified Scherer method and TEM data are closely related. The presence of Cr3+ ions in the Ca9Al (PO4)7 lattice was assured by XPS spectra. Cr0.1 chosen sample was studied after irradiation to different γ-doses and displayed a prominent glow curve at 205 °C ± 3.97 °C. It showed a linear dose–response curve from 200 mGy up to 10 Gy with fading of 24% upon 24 h and almost no significant signal loss for further interval times. The average Zeff value was ∼11 at both 662 and 1250 keV energies making this sample a bone-equivalent material (11.3–11.8). Values of activation energies (eV) calculated by different methods were comparable. Results the dosimetric properties of that the Cr0.1 sample can be surely considered as an additional recommended detector as other available ones in marketing.
Reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in a magnetic field: The energy-momentum balance including the velocity field of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions
Authors: Koizumi Hiroyasu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The velocity field composed of the Berry connection from many-body wave functions and electromagnetic vector potential explains the energy-momentum balance during the reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. In this formalism, forces acting on electrons are the Lorentz force and force expressed as the gradient of the kinetic energy. In the stationary situation, they balance; however, an infinitesimal imbalance of them causes a phase boundary shift. In order to explain the energy balance during this phase boundary shift, the electromotive force of the Faraday’s magnetic induction type is considered for the Berry connection. This theory assumes that supercurrent exists as a collection of stable quantized loop currents, and the transition from the superconducting to normal phase is due to the loss of their stabilizations through the thermal fluctuation of the winding numbers of the loop currents. We argue that an abrupt change of loop current states with integral quantum numbers should be treated as a quantum transition; then, the direct conversion of the quantized loop currents to the magnetic field occurs; consequently, the Joule heat generation does not occur during the phase transition.
Reference frames and black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Fiorini Franco , González P.A. , Vásquez Yerko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the context of the absolute parallelism formulation of General Relativity, and because of the fact that the scalar curvature can be written in purely torsional terms, it was known for a long time that a surface term based solely on the torsion tensor appears in the action. It was subsequently suggested that this term might play the role of the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term which, in turn, is associated to the free energy in the path integral approach, and then, to the black hole entropy by standard thermodynamic arguments. We show that the identification of the two boundary terms is rather incomplete, and that it strongly depends on the choice of the tetrad (frame) field used to reproduce a given metric. By considering variations of the tetrad field not necessarily subjected to Dirichlet-like conditions on the boundary surface, we find a class of frames adapted to the Schwarzschild spacetime in which the Gibbons-Hawking-York/torsion link is actually established, and conducing to the right black hole entropy without the need of any background subtraction. Remarkably, these frames are also responsible for the correct value of the gravitational energy as computed from the teleparallel energy-momentum pseudo-current.
Progress towards edge-localized mode suppression via magnetic perturbations in hydrogen plasmas
Authors: Leuthold N. , Suttrop W. , Paz-Soldan C. , Dunne M.G. , Fischer R. , Hinson E. , Knolker M. , Laggner F. , Logan N.C. , Osborne T. , Orlov D. , Schmitz L. , Shafer M. , Willensdorfer M. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The suppression of edge-localized modes (ELMs) by applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) is well studied in low collisionality deuterium plasmas as a measure to reduce transient divertor heat loads. However, ELM suppression has yet to be demonstrated in non-nuclear fuels such as hydrogen and hydrogen + helium mixtures which are the main ion species to be used in the ITER pre-fusion power operation (PFPO) phase. For the first time, attempts have been made to access ELM suppression with RMPs in ITER-like low collisionality hydrogen plasmas at DIII-D and ASDEX Upgrade. The DIII-D experiments focused on operation with injected power slightly above the L–H power threshold similar to the expected conditions in the ITER PFPO phase with limited external heating power. The RMPs were found to trigger H–L backtransitions, which is shown to be avoided by reducing the L–H power threshold by diluting the plasma with helium. The additional helium combined with a larger measured neutral density of hydrogen inside the separatrix compared to ELM suppressed deuterium plasmas precluded access to a pedestal top density below the known RMP-ELM suppression threshold. At ASDEX Upgrade, RMP-ELM suppression has been achieved when the concentration of 1H in the hydrogen isotope mix is below

40
%

. While all known access criteria for RMP-ELM suppression were met above this threshold, full ELM suppression was replaced by strong mitigation. The most prominent difference between the hydrogen and deuterium plasmas was a change of turbulence characteristics in the pedestal where Doppler reflectometry measurements suggest a significant reduction of turbulence even at small hydrogen concentrations. In conclusion, these experiments not only identify issues that may prevent access to RMP-ELM suppression in the ITER PFPO phase, but also highlight missing physics in our current understanding of RMP-ELM suppression such as potentially the role of turbulence in the pedestal gradient region.
Advanced Piezoelectric Crystals for Acoustoelectronics
Authors: Roshchupkin D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ferroelectric crystals of LiNb(1-x)TaxO3 solid solutions and piezoelectric crystals Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 were grown by the Czochralski method. The composition of LiNb(1-x)TaxO3 crystals was studied by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. The piezoelectric properties of crystals were studied and the independent piezoelectric moduli dij
were measured. Piezoelectric and acoustic properties of the crystals were studied by the method of high resolution X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The temperature dependences of acoustic properties of crystals were investigated.
Fraunhofer diffraction by a slit between a vacuum and a non-magnetic medium with the magneto-optical Faraday effect
Authors: Yeritsyan H S , Lalayan A A , Margaryan A L , Arakelyan H M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fraunhofer diffraction by a slit on an opaque screen between vacuum and a nonmagnetic dielectric medium in the presence of magneto-optical activity induced in the medium by an external magnetic field is considered. A number of features of the diffraction pattern are revealed for different directions of an external magnetic field that induces magneto-optical activity (Faraday magneto-optical effect).
Efficient Federated Learning for Feature Aggregation with Heterogenous Edge Devices
Authors: Liu Fei , Xiong Zheng , Yu Wei , Wu Jia , Kong Zheng , Ji Yunhang , Xu Suwei , Ji Mingtao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Federated learning is a powerful distributed machine learning paradigm for feature aggregation and learning from multiple heterogenous edge devices, due to its ability to keep the privacy of data. However, the training is inefficient for heterogenous devices with considerable communication. Progressive learning is a promising approach for improving the efficiency. Since progressive learning partitions the training process into multiple stages, it is necessary to determine the number of rounds for each stage, and balance the trade-off between saving the energy and improving the model accuracy. Through pilot experiments, we find that the profile which reflects the relationship between round allocation and model quality remains similar in different hyper-parameter configurations, and also observe that the model quality is lossless if the complete model gets sufficient training. Based on the phenomena, we formulate an optimization problem which minimizes the energy consumption of all devices, under the constraint of model quality. We then design a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm under various settings.
A new method of crop yield prediction based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Zhang Yuanmin , Liao Yule , Li Yanjun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the rapid growth of population, the continuous reduction of arable land and the acceleration of urbanization, the challenges facing agriculture are becoming increasingly severe. The rapid development of the new generation of digital economy, such as the industrial Internet, cloud computing and ChatGPT, has brought all-round impact on people’s lives and the global economy. At the same time, the changes of social economy and technology have promoted the development of agricultural production, and the application of intelligent stage number to create smart agriculture can improve the land output rate, labor productivity and resource utilization rate, and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Agricultural intelligence will become an important development direction of agriculture in the future. In this paper, an artificial intelligence-based method of crop yield prediction was proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of crop yield by using smart agriculture.
Prediction of deformation and damage of foundation support system based on BP neural network
Authors: Fan Haojie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The pit in the ground that needs to be excavated during the construction of a building is known as a foundation pit. In this paper, a MATLAB neural network toolbox is proposed to establish a three-layer BP neural network to predict building settlement. The relative error of the predicted values obtained after training is between -2% and 1%, and the maximum absolute error is 0.049 mm. this error is acceptable for rock-on-rock engineering problems. It shows that the building settlement prediction using artificial neural network method is feasible and the prediction results are credible. It automatically identifies the complex nonlinear relationships between the dependent and independent variables through self-learning of the optimal operation strategy, and considers the interactions among the factors in a comprehensive and integrated manner, which has good application prospects for solving nonlinear problems in the field of geotechnical engineering.
Recent H- ion source research and development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory*
Authors: Welton R.F. , Han B.X. , Stockli M.P. , Murray S.N. , Pennisi T.R. , Stinson C. , Andzulis V. , Terszakowec G. , Piller C. , Tarvainen O. , Willis D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a state-of-the-art neutron scattering facility delivering the world's most intense pulsed neutron beams to a wide array of instruments which are used to conduct investigations in many fields of science and engineering. Neutrons are produced from spallation of liquid Hg by bombardment of short (∼1 μs), intense (∼35 A) pulses of protons delivered at 60 Hz by a storage ring which is fed by a high-intensity, ∼1 GeV H- LINAC. This facility has operated almost continuously since 2006, with ion source performance increasing over those years, and currently providing 50–60 mA of H- ions with a duty-factor of 6% for maintenance-free runs of several months with near 100% availability. Ion source research and development at ORNL has played a key role in enabling and supporting this success: this report provides an update on some of the ongoing ion source research and development efforts which have been undertaken since the previous Negative Ion Beams and Sources (NIBS) conference in 2020. These include significant improvements to H- beam current by extraction from a larger source outlet aperture and improvements to the electron dumping system which should eliminate the gradual loss of electrode voltage over the course of a run which has occasionally impacted SNS operations. Improvement and simplification of the plasma ignition system for the external antenna ion source, a long-standing problem, was also realized. Lastly, RF coupling efficiency was measured for both the SNS internal and external antenna ion sources.
A comprehensive analysis of cooling curves, fluidity, inclusions, porosity, and microstructure of NaCl-KCl-NaF flux treated Al-12Si alloy
Authors: Vijayan Vijeesh , Shetty Ashish , B N Pradeep , Hiremath Shivashankarayya , Kumar Pawan , H M Vishwanatha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of treating Al-12 wt% silicon alloy with an equimolar composition mixture of NaCl, KCl, and NaF on various aspects of the alloy’s properties. Key findings of the research indicate that the flux treatment had significant effects on the alloy. It led to increased nucleation temperatures and reduced undercooling, thereby facilitating nucleation sites and grain refinement. Additionally, the inclusion of flux reduced the entrapment of inclusions in the melt, which can potentially enhance the mechanical properties of the alloy. However, it also led to a larger and more widely distributed gas porosity in the solidified samples, as gas evolved from the flux trapped during solidification. Moreover, the flux treatment had noticeable impacts on the morphology of eutectic silicon particles, reducing their aspect ratio. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential benefits and challenges of sodium-based flux melt treatment in optimizing the quality of Al-12Si alloy castings, particularly in die-casting applications.
Evaluation of manual and automated approaches for segmentation and extraction of quantitative indices from [18F]FDG PET-CT images
Authors: Krokos Georgios , Kotwal Tejas , Malaih Afnan , Barrington Sally , Jackson Price , Hicks Rodney J , Marsden Paul K , Fischer Barbara Malene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Utilisation of whole organ volumes to extract anatomical and functional information from computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) images may provide key information for the treatment and follow-up of cancer patients. However, manual organ segmentation, is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a CT-based deep learning method and a multi-atlas method were evaluated for segmenting the liver and spleen on CT images to extract quantitative tracer information from Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET images of 50 patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Manual segmentation was used as the reference method. The two automatic methods were also compared with a manually defined volume of interest (VOI) within the organ, a technique commonly performed in clinical settings. Both automatic methods provided accurate CT segmentations, with the deep learning method outperforming the multi-atlas with a DICE coefficient of 0.93 ± 0.03 (mean ± standard deviation) in liver and 0.87 ± 0.17 in spleen compared to 0.87 ± 0.05 (liver) and 0.78 ± 0.11 (spleen) for the multi-atlas. Similarly, a mean relative error of −3.2% for the liver and −3.4% for the spleen across patients was found for the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) using the deep learning regions while the corresponding errors for the multi-atlas method were −4.7% and −9.2%, respectively. For the maximum SUV (SUVmax), both methods resulted in higher than 20% overestimation due to the extension of organ boundaries to include neighbouring, high-uptake regions. The conservative VOI method which did not extend into neighbouring tissues, provided a more accurate SUVmax estimate. In conclusion, the automatic, and particularly the deep learning method could be used to rapidly extract information of the SUVmean within the liver and spleen. However, activity from neighbouring organs and lesions can lead to high biases in SUVmax and current practices of manually defining a volume of interest in the organ should be considered instead.
The road(s) not taken—the past, present, and future of international investment law reform
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this 37th annual Freshfields Lecture, I explore several roads the international community could have taken in lieu of investor-state arbitration. What choices did they contemplate making – what roads did they consider taking – and what prompted them to make the choices they did? I titled the presentation the past, present, and future of reform of investment arbitration, and I will organize the talk around those three areas. First, I will talk about the past, and about four key choices the international community made over the course of the twentieth century that continue to affect the reform process. I’ll then address the present state of affairs at Working Group III, and how those decisions are influencing the reform process. I will close with a few projections about the future.