bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do medications increase the efficacy of digital interventions for smoking cessation? Secondary results from the iCanQuit randomized trial
Authors: Bricker Jonathan B. , Santiago‐Torres Margarita , Mull Kristin E. , Sullivan Brianna M. , David Sean P. , Schmitz Joy , Stotts Angela , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsiCanQuit is a smartphone application (app) proven efficacious for smoking cessation in a Phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT). This study aimed to measure whether medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for smoking cessation would further enhance the efficacy of iCanQuit, relative to its parent trial comparator—the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) QuitGuide app.DesignSecondary analysis of the entire parent trial sample of a two‐group (iCanQuit and QuitGuide), stratified, doubled‐blind RCT.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsParticipants who reported using an FDA‐approved cessation medication on their own (n = 619) and those who reported no use of cessation medications (n = 1469).InterventionsParticipants were randomized to receive iCanQuit app or NCI's QuitGuide app.MeasurementsUse of FDA‐approved medications was measured at 3 months post‐randomization. Smoking cessation outcomes were measured at 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was 12‐month self‐reported 30‐day point prevalence abstinence (PPA).FindingsThe data retention rate at the 12‐month follow‐up was 94.0%. Participants were aged 38.5 years, 71.0% female, 36.6% minority race/ethnicity, 40.6% high school or less education, residing in all 50 US States and smoking 19.2 cigarettes/day. The 29.6% of all participants who used medications were more likely to choose nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; 78.8%) than other cessation medications (i.e. varenicline or bupropion; 18.3 and 10.5%, respectively) and use did not differ by app treatment assignment (all P > 0.05). There was a significant (P = 0.049) interaction between medication use and app treatment assignment on PPA. Specifically, 12‐month quit rates were 34% for iCanQuit versus 20% for QuitGuide [odds ratio (OR) = 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.59, 3.49] among participants reporting any medication use, whereas among participants reporting no medication use, quit rates were 28% for iCanQuit versus 22% for QuitGuide (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.82). Results were stronger for those using only NRT: 40% quit rates for iCanQuit versus 18% quit rates for QuitGuide (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 2.20, 5.79).ConclusionsThe iCanQuit smartphone app for smoking cessation was more efficacious than the QuitGuide smartphone app, regardless of whether participants used medications to aid cessation. Smoking cessation medications, especially nicotine replacement therapy, might enhance the efficacy of the iCanQuit app.
Prevalence and factors associated with changes in frailty among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Hirose Tamaki , Sawaya Yohei , Ishizaka Masahiro , Hashimoto Naori , Kubo Akira , Urano Tomohiko 
Published: November 2023

AimThis study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of frailty during the pandemic and to determine factors associated with changes in frailty status.MethodsIn May–June of 2020–2022, we assessed the frailty of 549 participants using the Kihon Checklist. Furthermore, we classified participant residences as urban, suburban, and rural and investigated participants’ engagement in hobbies and community activities in 2020 and 2022. Cochran's Q test was used to analyze the proportions of frailty status. Subsequently, we conducted a binomial logistic regression analysis with the improvement/deterioration of frailty status from 2020 to 2022 as the dependent variable, and engagement in hobbies and community activities as the independent variables.ResultsSignificant changes were observed among participants in urban areas, where an increase in pre‐frailty and a decrease in robust individuals from 2020 to 2021 were noted. Focusing on item no. 17 (going out), the decreasing frequency had recovered by 2022 in the group of all groups. Continued engagement in only hobbies or only community activities, and continued engagement in both were associated with remained robust/frailty‐status improvement. Moreover, not engaging in either hobbies or community activities was associated with remained frail/frailty‐status deterioration.ConclusionsDuring the early stages, the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the frailty of older adults in densely populated areas. The results also suggest an attenuation in the decline in older adult activity in 2022. Continuous engagement in hobbies and community activities was crucial for improving and preventing deterioration in frailty status during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 40–47.
Direct oral anticoagulants in skin surgery: a systematic review of their complications and recommendations for perioperative management
Authors: Ireland Patrick A. , Borruso Luca , Spencer Sascha K. R. , Rosen Richard , Rosen Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany patients undergoing cutaneous surgery are prescribed at least one anticoagulant or antiplatelet agent. With the recent emergence of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), there is a deficit of knowledge regarding optimal perioperative management. This review aims to evaluate the evidence and risk surrounding management of DOACs in patients undergoing skin surgeries.MethodsSystematic review of EMBASE, Scopus, and PubMed, with inclusion of studies that detailed perioperative management of DOACs in those undergoing skin surgery. Primary outcome measures were perioperative hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications.ResultsSeven thousand seven hundred and forty‐one abstracts were identified, with 13 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Two studies investigated complication risk associated with DOAC continuation in skin surgery and found an average rate of hemorrhagic complications of 1.74%. Two studies evaluated complications associated with DOAC cessation prior to skin surgery, with a pooled thromboembolic complication rate of 0.15%. Articles comparing continuation and cessation discovered no decreased risk of bleeding with DOAC cessation prior to surgery (P = 0.93). Seven of the 13 articles compared complications in a control vs a DOAC group undergoing cutaneous procedures. Evidence was conflicting but may have suggested a small increase in bleeding risk in those on DOAC therapy.ConclusionOptimal management of anticoagulants perioperatively is difficult because of conflicting information, complicated by advent of novel agents. Risk of hemorrhagic complications with both continuation and interruption of DOAC therapy was low. Perioperative DOAC management can be guided by procedural bleeding and patient clotting risk and can often be continued in minor dermatologic procedures.
The chemistry and bioactive properties behind microalgae‐enriched gluten‐free breads
Authors: Freitas Marco A. , Ferreira Joana , Nunes Maria Cristiana , Raymundo Anabela 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis work aims to: (i) assess volatiles composition of microalgae‐enriched gluten‐free breads (prepared with Tetraselmis chuii, Chlorella vulgaris and Microchloropsis gaditana); (ii) report the bioaccessibility of protein and minerals after a static in vitro digestion model; (iii) understand how it affects the bioactive properties of gluten‐free breads in regard to antioxidant capacity and the α‐amylase inhibitory potential. Therefore, nutritional composition and bioactive properties of gluten‐free breads before and after in vitro digestion model were examined. Identification of compounds responsible for the overall aroma of microalgae using GC–MS was done. There was a considerable decrease in protein and minerals available after in vitro digestion, as well as in the antioxidant potential. The overall aroma of microalgae‐enriched breads was mainly due to the presence of alcohols, representing the major class of volatiles present in breads (3% to 59%), being lower for T. chuii‐enriched bread. Terpenes also existed in considerable amounts especially in M. gaditana (24%) where γ‐terpinene was the most abundant. Alkanoic acids were the most abundant lipophilic bioactive compounds (25%–68%), and 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid was the major identified compound (13%–51%). Phytic acid is also present in all microalgae‐enriched breads and may contribute to the decrease in the bioaccessibility of nutrients.
The lingering symptoms of post‐COVID‐19 condition (long‐COVID): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tan Stuart , Pryor Anna J. G. , Melville Geoffrey W. , Fischer Olivia , Hewitt Lyndel , Davis Kimberley J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLonger‐term symptoms (long COVID) may be present in seemingly recovered patients for several months and can be debilitating.AimTo investigate the prevalence and type of symptoms in those with a prior COVID‐19 diagnosis.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal observational study commenced in July 2020 investigating the longer‐term health impacts of COVID‐19. Participants were recruited via public health units and media publicity. Surveys were completed upon enrolment, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Outcome measures included incidence of activity limitations and symptoms against health and vaccination status, age and gender.ResultsOverall, 339 participants were recruited. At 3 months after COVID‐19, 66.8% reported symptoms, and 44.8% were still experiencing symptoms at 12 months. Fatigue was most common at every point (between 53.1% and 33.1%). Pain symptoms increased in relative prevalence over time, whereas respiratory/pulmonary‐type symptoms decreased substantially after 3 months. Females and younger people were more likely to experience symptoms in the early stages of long COVID (P < 0.01) and those with more comorbidities in the latter stages (P < 0.001). Vaccination showed a statistically significant protective effect against symptoms (P < 0.01–0.001).ConclusionLong‐term COVID‐19 symptoms exist among recovered patients up to 12 months after contracting the virus. Fatigue is a primary contributor, while chronic pain became more problematic after 6 months. Vaccination was a factor in preventing long‐term symptoms and aiding faster recovery from symptoms. Further work exploring additional contributors to symptom prevalence would assist in developing appropriate follow‐up care.
A comparison of the outcomes of pulmonary versus extrapulmonary extensive‐stage small cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Emily , Yip Po Y. , Tognela Annette , Gandy Geovanny , Earl Clare , Tran Patrick , Kok Peey‐Sei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCCs) are rare cancers, comprising 0.1–0.4% of all cancers. The scarcity of EPSCC studies has led current treatment strategies to be extrapolated from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), justified by analogous histological and clinical features.AimsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the outcomes of extensive‐stage (ES) SCLC and EPSCC.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ES SCLC or EPSCC between 2010 and 2020 from four hospitals in Sydney were identified. Patients who received active treatment and best supportive care were included. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall response rates (ORRs).ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐four patients were included (43 EPSCC vs. 340 SCLC). EPSCC were of genitourinary (n = 15), unknown primary (n = 13) and gastrointestinal (n = 12) origin. Treatment modalities for EPSCC compared to SCLC included palliative chemotherapy (56% vs 73%), palliative radiotherapy (47% vs 59%) and consolidation chest radiotherapy (10% of SCLC). Overall, median OS was 6.4 versus 7 months for EPSCC versus SCLC respectively, but highest in prostate EPSCC (25.6 months). Of those who received chemotherapy (22 EPSCC vs 233 SCLC), median OS was 10.4 versus 8.4 months (HR OS 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5–1.31, P = 0.38); PFS was 5.4 versus 5.5 months (HR PFS 0.93, 95% CI: 0.58–1.46, P = 0.74) and ORR were 73% versus 68%.ConclusionsEPSCC and SCLC appeared to have comparable OS and treatment outcomes. However, the wide range of OS in EPSCC highlights the need for an improved understanding of its genomics to explore alternative therapeutics.
Applications of single‐cell omics for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy
Authors: Ghaffari Sasan , Saleh Mahshid , Akbari Behnia , Ramezani Faezeh , Mirzaei Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising cancer treatment modality. The breakthroughs in CAR T cell therapy were, in part, possible with the help of cell analysis methods, such as single‐cell analysis. Bulk analyses have provided invaluable information regarding the complex molecular dynamics of CAR T cells, but their results are an average of thousands of signals in CAR T or tumour cells. Since cancer is a heterogeneous disease where each minute detail of a subclone could change the outcome of the treatment, single‐cell analysis could prove to be a powerful instrument in deciphering the secrets of tumour microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy. With the recent studies in all aspects of adoptive cell therapy making use of single‐cell analysis, a comprehensive review of the recent preclinical and clinical findings in CAR T cell therapy was needed. Here, we categorized and summarized the key points of the studies in which single‐cell analysis provided insights into the genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics as well as their respective multi‐omics of CAR T cell therapy.
Applying autism screening research to real‐world scenarios: a commentary on Sheldrick et al. (2023)
Authors: Wallis Kate E. , Usher Rosalind 
Published: November 2023

Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to be a challenge despite universal screening efforts. One explanation is that screening tools have lower sensitivity and specificity than initial studies report when accounting for incomplete follow‐up for all children screened. Sheldrick and colleagues used statistical modeling to demonstrate the impact on sensitivity and specificity when assumptions about the diagnostic outcome of children who do not pursue diagnostic evaluation are altered. Crucially, the work of Sheldrick et al. serves as a reminder that autism screening in primary care is just one component of the clinical assessment and should not be conflated with a diagnostic evaluation. Thus, lack of follow‐up after a positive screen is a feature, not only a bug when using a screen in a clinical setting. Engaging families in shared decision‐making around screening may help encourage follow‐up, and thus, screening tool psychometric performance.
Minimally invasive CAD/CAM lithium disilicate partial‐coverage restorations show superior in‐vitro fatigue performance than single crowns
Authors: Spitznagel F. A. , Prott L. S. , Hoppe J. S. , Manitckaia T. , Blatz M. B. , Zhang Y. , Langner R. , Gierthmuehlen P. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the influence of restoration design (partial‐coverage restoration vs. crown) and ceramic layer thickness on the performance and failure loads of CAD/CAM‐fabricated lithium disilicate (LDS) reconstructions on molars after fatigue.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two posterior monolithic CAD/CAM‐fabricated LDS restorations (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) with different occlusal/buccal ceramic layer thicknesses (1.5/0.8, 1.0/0.6, and 0.5/0.4 mm) and restoration designs (PCR: non‐retentive full‐veneer/partial‐coverage restoration, C: crown,) were investigated and divided into six groups (n = 12, test: PCR‐1.5, PCR‐1.0, PCR‐0.5; control: C‐1.5, C‐1.0, C‐0.5). LDS restorations were adhesively bonded (Variolink Esthetic DC, Ivoclar Vivadent) to dentin‐analogue composite dies (Z100, 3M ESPE). All specimens were subjected to thermomechanical loading (1.2 million cycles, 49 N, 1.6 Hz, 5–55°C) and exposed to single load to failure testing. Failure analysis was performed with light and scanning electron microscopies. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey‐Test, and t‐test (p < 0.05).ResultsEight crown samples (C‐0.5) and one PCR specimen (PCR‐0.5) revealed cracks after fatigue, resulting in an overall success rate of 87.5% (crowns: 75%, PCRs: 96.88%). Direct comparisons of PCRs versus crowns for thicknesses of 0.5 mm (p < 0.001) and 1.0 mm (p = 0.004) were significant and in favor of PCRs. Minimally invasive PCRs (0.5 and 1.0 mm) outperformed crowns with the identical ceramic thickness. No difference was detected (p = 0.276) between thickness 1.5 mm PCRs and crowns.ConclusionsMinimally invasive monolithic CAD/CAM‐fabricated posterior LDS PCRs (0.5 and 1.0 mm) resulted in superior failure load values compared to minimally invasive crowns. Minimally invasive crowns (0.5 mm) are prone to cracks after fatigue.Clinical SignificanceMinimally invasive CAD/CAM‐fabricated LDS PCR restorations with a non‐retentive preparation design should be considered over single crowns for molar rehabilitation.
Continuous‐time stochastic gradient descent for optimizing over the stationary distribution of stochastic differential equations
Authors: Wang Ziheng , Sirignano Justin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe develop a new continuous‐time stochastic gradient descent method for optimizing over the stationary distribution of stochastic differential equation (SDE) models. The algorithm continuously updates the SDE model's parameters using an estimate for the gradient of the stationary distribution. The gradient estimate is simultaneously updated using forward propagation of the SDE state derivatives, asymptotically converging to the direction of steepest descent. We rigorously prove convergence of the online forward propagation algorithm for linear SDE models (i.e., the multidimensional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process) and present its numerical results for nonlinear examples. The proof requires analysis of the fluctuations of the parameter evolution around the direction of steepest descent. Bounds on the fluctuations are challenging to obtain due to the online nature of the algorithm (e.g., the stationary distribution will continuously change as the parameters change). We prove bounds for the solutions of a new class of Poisson partial differential equations (PDEs), which are then used to analyze the parameter fluctuations in the algorithm. Our algorithm is applicable to a range of mathematical finance applications involving statistical calibration of SDE models and stochastic optimal control for long time horizons where ergodicity of the data and stochastic process is a suitable modeling framework. Numerical examples explore these potential applications, including learning a neural network control for high‐dimensional optimal control of SDEs and training stochastic point process models of limit order book events.
Tropical cyclone winds and precipitation stimulate cone production in the masting species longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
Authors: Cannon Jeffery B. , Rutledge Brandon T. , Puhlick Joshua J. , Willis John L. , Brockway Dale G. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Many trees exhibit masting – where reproduction is temporally variable and synchronous over large areas. Several dominant masting species occur in tropical cyclone (TC)‐prone regions, but it is unknown whether TCs correlate with mast seeding.
We analyzed long‐term data (1958–2022) to test the hypothesis that TCs influence cone production in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). We integrate field observations, weather data, satellite imagery, and hurricane models to test whether TCs influence cone production via: increased precipitation; canopy density reduction; and/or mechanical stress from wind.
Cone production was 31% higher 1 yr after hurricanes and 71% higher after 2 yr, before returning to baseline levels. Cyclone‐associated precipitation was correlated with increased cone production in wet years and cone production increased after low‐intensity winds (≤ 25 m s−1) but not with high‐intensity winds (> 25 m s−1).
Tropical cyclones may stimulate cone production via precipitation addition, but high‐intensity winds may offset any gains. Our study is the first to support the direct influence of TCs on reproduction, suggesting a previously unknown environmental correlate of masting, which may occur in hurricane‐prone forests world‐wide.
Development of nonliteral interpretations in typically developing Spanish speaking children: light verb constructions and figurative expressions
Authors: Castroviejo Elena , Ponciano Marta , Hernández‐Conde José V. , Vicente Agustín 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper we present a study about the typical development of the comprehension of expressions that exhibit an ambiguity between a literal and a nonliteral interpretation in Spanish, and whose most frequent use is nonliteral. Such expressions include light verb constructions (LVC) such as to make the bed and expressions in a metaphor‐hyperbole‐idiom continuum (MHI) such as to sleep with angels. We ran a forced‐choice experiment where children aged 3 to 9 (N = 143) heard an ambiguous expression and had to choose the correct picture on the face of three options: one target item and two distractors. There were two counterbalanced lists, so that each critical item would be present in either the literal or the nonliteral condition. We collected accuracy data as well as reaction times. We encountered different developmental trends for LVC than for MHI, observing a literalist stage in MHI which we did not observe in LVC.
Multi‐omics‐driven advances in the understanding of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in oil seeds
Authors: Li Hui , Che Ronghui , Zhu Jiantang , Yang Xiaohong , Li Jiansheng , Fernie Alisdair R. , Yan Jianbing 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYVegetable oils are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and energy as well as valuable sources of human food, animal feed, and bioenergy. Triacylglycerols, which are comprised of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, are the main component of vegetable oils. Here, we review the development and application of multiple‐level omics in major oilseeds and emphasize the progress in the analysis of the biological roles of key genes underlying seed oil content and quality in major oilseeds. Finally, we discuss future research directions in functional genomics research based on current omics and oil metabolic engineering strategies that aim to enhance seed oil content and quality, and specific fatty acids components according to either human health needs or industrial requirements.
LD-SAFE Project: Laser Dismantling Environmental and Safety Assessment - Laser Cutting Demonstration for Nuclear Power Reactors Dismantling
Authors: Daguin Pierre , Roulet Damien , Doyen Ioana , Brizzi Lucas , Favrichon Julien , Porcheron Emmanuel , Francois Patrice , Masseau Xavier , Sigfrids Timmy , Nulens Anton , Wolfs Cédric , Recio Miranda Tomas Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dismantling the internals of Nuclear Power Reactors is known to be the most challenging part technically, mechanically and in terms of safety. This task currently requires years of planning and at least a year longer to execute. The purpose of LD-SAFE project (H2020 project composed of an European Consortium of 6 companies: ONET Technologies, CEA, IRSN, Tecnatom, EQUANS and Vysus Group) is to demonstrate that both in-air and underwater laser cutting technologies are operational for the dismantling of the most challenging components of Nuclear Power Reactors. To do so, the project intends to demonstrate that, laser cutting technique is as safe as the best cutting techniques currently used, even safer for the workers and environment, does not add any new constraints, is cost effective to dismantle the challenging power reactor components, is simpler to implement on site and suited to the complex dismantling of reactor internals.