bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Generative Role of Objects in Infrastructure Design: A Case of Designing a System for Continuity of Care
Authors: Sadorge Christopher , Nerland Monika , Grisot Miria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study explores the generative role of objects in design work. While the CSCW literature includes a range of contributions on infrastructure design and ways of accounting for diverse existing systems, practices and perspectives in design, the focus has typically been on the point of use, rather than the earlier stages of design processes. However, as more worker groups become involved in design there is a need to understand the microdynamics of collaborative design in this phase and the interplay between problem framing and exploration. We examined how the design of an information system in the health sector evolved through the instantiation and exploration of intermediary objects that become generative in the design process. The data comprised observations over 2 years from design meetings with a team of health professionals and software developers mandated to develop a system for the registration and sharing of patient information across primary care units. The analysis showed how intermediary objects formed focal points from which infrastructure design problems were framed and collectively explored. These processes required considerable negotiation and exploration within and between the interdependencies that become relevant in the design process. We identified how intermediary objects take different representational forms and become generative in two ways: By producing new or transformed objects, and by revealing layers of complexity inherent in the design problem. We discussed implications of the analysis as regards aspects of the infrastructure design that can be handled in the design team versus aspects that should be delegated to local adaptation.
Unbiased Proxy Calibration
Authors: Mudelsee Manfred 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe linear calibration model is a powerful statistical tool that can be utilized to predict an unknown response variable, Y, through observations of a proxy or predictor variable, X. Since calibration involves estimation of regression model parameters on the basis of a limited amount of noisy data, an unbiased calibration slope estimation is of utmost importance. This can be achieved by means of state-of-the-art, data-driven statistical techniques. The present paper shows that weighted least-squares for both variables estimation (WLSXY) is able to deliver unbiased slope estimations under heteroscedasticity. In the case of homoscedasticity, besides WLSXY, ordinary least-squares (OLS) estimation with bias correction (OLSBC) also performs well. For achieving unbiasedness, it is further necessary to take the correct regression direction (i.e., of Y on X) into account. The present paper introduces a pairwise moving block bootstrap resampling approach for obtaining accurate estimation confidence intervals (CIs) under real-world climate conditions (i.e., non-Gaussian distributional shapes and autocorrelations in the noise components). A Monte Carlo simulation experiment confirms the feasibility and validity of this approach. The parameter estimates and bootstrap replications serve to predict the response with CIs. The methodological approach to unbiased calibration is illustrated for a paired time series dataset of sea-surface temperature and coral oxygen isotopic composition. Fortran software with implementation of OLSBC and WLSXY accompanies this paper.
Causal localizations of the massive scalar boson
Authors: Castrigiano Domenico P. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe positive operator-valued localizations (POL) of a massive scalar boson are constructed, and a characterization and structural analyses of their kernels are obtained. In the focus of this article are the causal features of the POL. There is the well-known causal time evolution (CT). Recently a POL by Terno and Moretti, which is a kinematical deformation of the Newton–Wigner localization (NWL) and belongs to the here fully analyzed class of finite POL, is shown by V. Moretti to comply with CT. A further POL with CT treated here, which is in the same class, is the only one being the trace of a projection-valued localization (like NWL) with CT. Causality imposes a condition CC, which implies CT but is more restrictive than CT. Extending Moretti’s method it is shown rigorously that the POL of the class introduced by Petzold et al. satisfy CC. Their kernels are called causal kernels, of which a rather detailed description is achieved. One the way there the case of one spatial dimension is solved completely. This case is instructive. In particular it directed Petzold et al. and subsequently Henning, Wolf to find their basic one-parameter family $$K_r$$

K
r

of causal kernels. The causal kernels are, up to a fixed energy factor, normalized positive definite Lorentz invariant kernels. A full characterization of the latter is attained due to their close relation to the zonal spherical functions on the Lorentz group. Finally these considerations discharge into the main result that $$K_{3/2}$$

K

3
/
2

is the absolute maximum, viz. $$|K|\le K_{3/2}$$

|
K
|

≤

K

3
/
2

for all causal kernels K.
Nonlinear normal modes of highly flexible beam structures modelled under the SE(3) Lie group framework
Authors: Bagheri Amir K. , Sonneville Valentin , Renson Ludovic 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work presents a shooting algorithm to compute the periodic responses of geometrically nonlinear structures modelled under the special Euclidean (SE) Lie group formulation. The formulation is combined with a pseudo-arclength continuation method, while special adaptations are made to ensure compatibility with the SE framework. Nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of various two-dimensional structures including a doubly clamped beam, a shallow arch, and a cantilever beam are computed. Results are compared with a reference displacement-based FE model with von Kármán strains. Significant difference is observed in the dynamic response of the two models in test cases involving large degrees of beam displacements and rotation. Differences in the contribution of higher-order modes substantially affect the frequency-energy dependence and the nonlinear modal interactions observed between the models. It is shown that the SE model, owing to its exact representation of the beam kinematics, is better suited at adequately capturing complex nonlinear dynamics compared to the von Kármán model.
Predicative subject matter
Authors: Plebani Matteo , Spolaore Giuseppe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe notions of subject matter and aboutness have been objects of considerable attention among philosophers over the last few years. Current theories of subject matter take sentences to be the primary bearers of subject matter: “sentences have aboutness properties if anything has” (Yablo, Aboutness, Princeton University Press, 2014). However, some subsentential expressions can also be thought of as being about something. Moreover, it appears that the subject matters of sentences depend in a systematic way on the aboutness properties of their subsentential components. In this paper, we focus on the question of what predicates are about. We provide an account of predicative subject matter in which subject matters are assigned to predicates in a natural way, and which can be smoothly integrated with some existing accounts of sentential subject matter. We also argue that the notion of predicative subject matter is a worthy object of study, both within the current debate on subject matter and in its own right.
Humean learning (how to learn)
Authors: Barrett Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDavid Hume’s skeptical solution to the problem of induction was grounded in his belief that we learn by means of custom . We consider here how a form of reinforcement learning like custom may allow an agent to learn how to learn in other ways as well. Specifically, an agent may learn by simple reinforcement to adopt new forms of learning that work better than simple reinforcement in the context of specific tasks . We will consider how such a bootstrapping process may lead to a system that includes trial-and-error forms of learning like win-stay/lose-shift, probe and adjust, and simple reinforcement itself together with higher-rationality inferential tools.
Prevalence and predictors of positive airway pressure therapy prescription in obstructive sleep apnoea: a population-representative study
Authors: Woehrle Holger , Arzt Michael , Ficker Joachim H. , Deger Melike , Sterling Kimberly L. , Ehrsam-Tosi Daniela , Vogelmann Tobias , Weinand Sina , Fietze Ingo , Young Peter , Schoebel Christoph 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition that is associated with several important comorbidities and increased mortality. Positive airway pressure (PAP) is an effective treatment for OSA that is associated with a reduction in mortality. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of PAP prescription for OSA in Germany.

Methods
This retrospective observational study used an anonymized German claims research database. Adults (age ≥ 18 years) with treatment-naïve OSA who were or were not started on PAP were included.

Results
Of 22,317 participants, 12,297 (55%) were started on PAP; the remaining 10,020 individuals (45%) formed the control group (no PAP). Significant predictors of PAP prescription in multivariate logistic regression analysis were overweight/obesity, hypertension, heart failure, other cardiovascular diseases, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, breathing abnormalities, vasomotor and allergic rhinitis, somatoform disorders and use of several medication classes (especially angiotensin receptor blockers, inhaled adrenergics or other inhaled drugs).

Conclusion
Only just over half of all individuals with OSA in the current analysis were prescribed PAP. The presence of a variety of comorbidities and use of several medication classes were significant predictors of PAP prescription. Future research should focus on identifying ways to increase PAP use in eligible individuals to optimize clinical outcomes.
A New Index to Detect Process Deviations Using IR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Process Tools
Authors: Schorn-García Daniel , Ezenarro Jokin , Busto Olga , Aceña Laura , Boqué Ricard , Mestres Montserrat , Giussani Barbara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProcess analytical technologies (PATs) have transformed the beverage production management by providing real-time monitoring and control of critical process parameters through non-destructive measurements, such as those obtained with infrared (IR) spectroscopy and enabling process readjustment if necessary. New requirements in the analysis of beverages call for new methods, so in this article, we propose a method based on the construction of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) charts from a new dissimilarity index (the evolving window dissimilarity index, EWDI) to monitor fermentation processes. The EWDI was applied to monitor wine alcoholic fermentation, the biochemical transformation of sugars into ethanol. Small-scale fermentations were carried out and analyzed using a portable mid-infrared spectrometer. In some of them, process deviations due to nitrogen deficiency or temperature changes were intentionally promoted to evaluate the performance of the EWDI. The MSPC charts build by using the fermentations carried out under normal operating conditions allowed identifying deviations of the fermentation in its early stages. Furthermore, the shape of the EWDI curve over time provides insights about the specific type of deviation occurring. These results show the potential of this new approach to improve the monitoring and control of key process stages in biochemical processes in the food industry, which allows maximizing quality and minimizing losses.
Graphical Abstract
Testing the Effectiveness of a Commercially Sold Probiotic on Restoring the Gut Microbiota of Honey Bees: a Field Study
Authors: Damico Megan E. , Beasley Burton , Greenstein Drew , Raymann Kasie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntibiotic use in apiculture is often necessary to ensure the survival of honey bee colonies. However, beekeepers are faced with the dilemma of needing to combat bacterial brood infections while also knowing that antibiotics kill beneficial bacteria important for bee health. In recent years, bee probiotics have become increasingly purchased by beekeepers because of product claims like being able to “replenish the microbes lost due to agricultural modifications of honey bees' environment” or "promote optimal gut health." Unfortunately, these products have little scientific evidence to support their efficacy, and previous lab experiments have refuted some of their claims. Here, we performed hive-level field experiments to test the effectiveness of SuperDFM-HoneyBee™ − the most commonly purchased honey bee probiotic in the United States − on restoring the honey bee gut microbiota after antibiotic treatment. We found slight but significant changes in the microbiota composition of bees following oxytetracycline (TerraPro) treatment and no difference between the microbiota of antibiotic treated bees with or without subsequent probiotic supplementation. Moreover, the microorganisms in the probiotic supplement were never found in the guts of the worker bee samples. These results highlight that more research is needed to test the efficacy and outcomes of currently available commercial honey bee probiotic supplements.
Sintered Bottom and Vitrified Silica Ashes Derived from Incinerated Municipal Solid Waste as Circular Economy-Friendly Partial Replacements for Cement in Mortars
Authors: Wijesekara D. A. , Sargent P. , Hughes D. J. , Ennis C. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSintered bottom ash (SBA) and vitrified ash (VA) derived from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) at 1200 °C were used in this study as replacements for Type 2 Portland cement (CEM-II) based mortars. This approach negates the need to send them to landfill, benefits the circular economy and contributes towards the decarbonisation of cementitious construction materials in response to international net zero carbon emission agendas. The material (physico-chemical) characteristics of VA and SBA were analysed before being used as partial replacements for CEM-II in mortars, whereby compressive strength (CS) was the primary criterion for assessing engineering performance. VA and SBA replaced CEM-II at dosages of 10%, 25% and 50% based on their high inorganic and pozzolanic contents; whereby the 10% and 25% replacements did not compromise mortar strength. The alkalinity and pozzolanic properties of SBA collectively indicated it has greater potential as a cementitious material over VA, which possessed a neutral pH. The 28-day CS recorded for mixtures containing 25% VA and 10% SBA were 13.74 MPa and 11.77 MPa, respectively compared with 17.06 MPa for CEM-II control samples. The use of 2% additional water in 25% SBA mortar designs improved strength further, indicating that SBA’s water retention properties permitted further hydration and strength development with curing. Microstructural, mineralogical and infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that these strengths were owed to the formation of silicate-based hydration products. The outcomes from this study highlight that SBA has potential for replacing CEM-II and VA as a filler in cementitious mortar.
Graphical Abstract
Optimal effective concentration combinations (OPECCs) for binary application of membrane-targeting antiseptics and TMPyP-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Maisch Tim , Scholz Konstantin J. , Forster Eva-Maria , Wenzl Verena , Auer David L. , Cieplik Fabian , Hiller Karl-Anton 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria is a health problem of global dimension. Infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens are difficult to treat and often associated with high mortality. Therefore, new treatment strategies are of interest, such as the use of differently acting antibacterial concepts. One of these new concepts is the use of antiseptics in combination with the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Currently, no method has yet been established as a standard procedure for investigating combined effects and evaluating them in a generally valid and unambiguous manner. The focus of this study was on how cationic antiseptics benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) behave in a combined application with aPDT using the photosensitizer TMPyP. For this purpose, BAC and CHX were applied in combination with the aPDT using TMPyP in non-lethal concentrations to the three bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The results of the combination experiments with sublethal concentrations of BAC or CHX with the aPDT showed that the binary application had a lethal effect. Irrespective of the bacteria, the reduction in concentrations in OPECC, compared to individual concentrations, was more than 50% for TMPyP, 23–40% for BAC, and 18–43% for CHX. Furthermore, the optimal effective concentration combinations (OPECCs) could be determined. The latter showed that the combined application allowed the reduction of both concentrations compared to the single application.
Publics’ views on ethical challenges of artificial intelligence: a scoping review
Authors: Machado Helena , Silva Susana , Neiva Laura 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This scoping review examines the research landscape about publics’ views on the ethical challenges of AI. To elucidate how the concerns voiced by the publics are translated within the research domain, this study scrutinizes 64 publications sourced from PubMed® and Web of Science™. The central inquiry revolves around discerning the motivations, stakeholders, and ethical quandaries that emerge in research on this topic. The analysis reveals that innovation and legitimation stand out as the primary impetuses for engaging the public in deliberations concerning the ethical dilemmas associated with AI technologies. Supplementary motives are rooted in educational endeavors, democratization initiatives, and inspirational pursuits, whereas politicization emerges as a comparatively infrequent incentive. The study participants predominantly comprise the general public and professional groups, followed by AI system developers, industry and business managers, students, scholars, consumers, and policymakers. The ethical dimensions most commonly explored in the literature encompass human agency and oversight, followed by issues centered on privacy and data governance. Conversely, topics related to diversity, nondiscrimination, fairness, societal and environmental well-being, technical robustness, safety, transparency, and accountability receive comparatively less attention. This paper delineates the concrete operationalization of calls for public involvement in AI governance within the research sphere. It underscores the intricate interplay between ethical concerns, public involvement, and societal structures, including political and economic agendas, which serve to bolster technical proficiency and affirm the legitimacy of AI development in accordance with the institutional norms that underlie responsible research practices.
Cultivating change: agroecological perspectives on EU pesticide law
Authors: Garcia-Caro Daniela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn search of a climate-neutral Europe, the EU Green Deal presented agroecology as an alternative guide for food system transitions through explicit policy and regulatory actions. While the term agroecology is used in Green Deal policy documents, its meaning remains elusive in both policymaking and academic legal research. To explore existing regulatory frameworks’ potential to align with agroecological perspectives for food system transitions, this article analyses pesticide regulation, a core area of agricultural governance, using an agroecological framework. This article aims to contribute to the current legal debate in two ways: it presents agroecology as a framework capable of guiding and assessing law and regulation and illustrates, via a study of EU pesticide regulation, how this framework can be deployed in practice to evaluate legal frameworks.
Case report: Hospital-acquired chickenpox in a healthcare setting
Authors: Utpat Sandeepa , Utpat Nishka , Nookala Vinod , Podakula Lalitha , Utpat Kaanchi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chickenpox (varicella) is a rare occurrence in healthcare settings in the USA, but can be transmitted to healthcare workers (HCWs) from patients with herpes zoster who, in turn, can potentially transmit it further to unimmunized, immunosuppressed, at-risk, vulnerable patients. It is uncommon due to the inclusion of varicella vaccination in the recommended immunization schedule for children and screening for varicella immunity in HCWs during employment. We present a case report of hospital-acquired chickenpox in a patient who developed the infection during his prolonged hospital stay through a HCW who had contracted chickenpox after exposure to our patient’s roommate with herpes zoster. There was no physical contact between the roommates, but both patients had a common HCW as caregiver. The herpes zoster patient was placed in airborne precautions immediately, but the HCW continued to work and have physical contact with our patient. The HCW initially developed chickenpox 18 days after exposure to the patient with herpes zoster, and our patient developed chickenpox 17 days after the HCW. The timeline and two incubation periods, prior to our patient developing chickenpox, indicate transmission of chickenpox in the HCW from exposure to the herpes zoster patient and subsequently to our patient. The case highlights the potential for nosocomial transmission of chickenpox (varicella) to unimmunized HCWs from exposure to patients with herpes zoster and further transmission to unimmunized patients. Verification of the immunization status of HCWs at the time of employment, mandating immunity, furloughing unimmunized staff after exposure to herpes zoster, and postexposure prophylaxis with vaccination or varicella zoster immunoglobulin (Varizig) will minimize the risk of transmission of communicable diseases like chickenpox in healthcare settings. Additionally, establishing patients’ immunity, heightened vigilance and early identification of herpes zoster in hospitalized patients, and initiation of appropriate infection control immediately will further prevent such occurrences and improve patient safety.
Pilot test of Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary care (CRISP)
Authors: Sturgiss Elizabeth , Phillips William R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary care (CRISP) provides a new research reporting guideline to meet the needs of the producers and users of primary care (PC) research. Developed through an iterative program of research, including investigators, practicing clinicians, patients, community representatives, and educators, the CRISP Checklist guides PC researchers across the spectrum of research methods, study designs, and topics. This pilot test included a variety of team members using the CRISP Checklist for writing, revising, and reviewing PC research reports. All or most of the 15 participants reported that the checklist was easy to use, improved research reports, and should be recommended by PC research journals. The checklist is adaptable to different study types; not all items apply to all reports. The CRISP Checklist can help meet the needs of PC research when used in parallel with existing guidelines that focus on specific methods and limited topics.