bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA sequencing of submandibular gland reveals collagen type XV-positive fibroblasts as a disease-characterizing cell population of IgG4-related disease
Authors: Tanaka Shigeru , Yamamoto Takuya , Iwata Arifumi , Kiuchi Masahiro , Kokubo Kota , Iinuma Tomohisa , Sugiyama Takahiro , Hanazawa Toyoyuki , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Ikeda Kei , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology, affecting single/multiple organ(s). Pathological findings include the infiltration of IgG4-producing plasma cells, obliterative phlebitis, and storiform fibrosis. Although immunological studies have shed light on the dysregulation of lymphocytes in IgG4-RD pathogenesis, the role of non-immune cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the demographics and characteristics of non-immune cells in IgG4-RD and explore potential biomarkers derived from non-immune cells in the sera.

Methods
We conducted single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) on non-immune cells isolated from submandibular glands of IgG4-RD patients. We focused on fibroblasts expressing collagen type XV and confirmed the presence of those fibroblasts using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we measured the levels of collagen type XV in the sera of IgG4-RD patients.

Results
The scRNA-seq analysis revealed several distinct clusters consisting of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, ductal cells, and muscle cells. Differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of COL15A1 in IgG4-RD fibroblasts compared to control subjects. Notably, COL15A1-positive fibroblasts exhibited a distinct transcriptome compared to COL15A1-negative counterparts. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a significant presence of collagen type XV-positive fibroblasts in IgG4-RD patients. Furthermore, immune-suppressive therapy in active IgG4-RD patients resulted in decreased serum levels of collagen type XV.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that collagen type XV-producing fibroblasts may represent a disease-characterizing non-immune cell population in IgG4-RD and hold potential as a disease-monitoring marker.
Factors associated with rural-urban safe disposal of children stools in Ghana
Authors: Agyekum Martin Wiredu , Nyieku Florence Esi , Yeboah Sylvia Boamah , Frempong-Ainguah Faustina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The burden of children’s disease in many low-and middle-income countries is associated with poor sanitation, including unsafe disposal of children’s stool. Infants and toddler stools pose a greater public health risk than adults. Studies on stool disposal in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Ghana have focused on prevalence, patterns, and associated factors. Nevertheless, these studies have not focused on factors that independently influence rural and/or urban child stool disposal. This study, therefore, examines factors associated with safe child stool disposal in rural areas separately from urban areas towards Ghana’s readiness for ending open defaecation by 2030.

Methodology
We examined young children’s faecal disposal drawing on the sixth round of the nationally-representative Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in 2017/18. This study was restricted to children under two years, yielding a sub-sample of 3,476. Responses of caregivers or mothers who disposed of children less than two years faecal matter, their characteristics in addition to the child’s age in months were analysed. A binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with the safe disposal of young children’s stools.

Results
In the aggregated data, only 22% of households, regardless of their residence, dispose of their young children less than two years stools safely. From the disaggregated data, the rural analysis shows that 26% of young children’s stools were safely disposed of, compared to 16% in the urban analysis. The urban analysis shows that the child’s age, sex and caregiver’s marital status were significantly associated with safe disposal of stools. On the other hand, child’s age, caregiver listening to radio and household access to improved toilet facilities were significant in the rural analysis.

Conclusion
The safe practice of stool disposal was very low. The results of this study show that urgent and different policies and strategies are needed to address child stool disposal in urban residences compared to rural residences if we are to meet SDG targets of ending open defaecation.
Body lice: a vector for re-emerging disease outbreak in a rehabilitation camp in Northwestern Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Esmail , Moradi-Asl Eslam , Yusuf Mustapha Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
The report of the outbreak of body louse in northwestern Iran after three decades reminds us again of the danger of the re-emerging of previous epidemics.

Results
The results of the study that nearly 70% of the patients in a rehabilitation Centre were infected with body louse. In this study, scientific measures were taken to prevent the spread of body lice to healthy people, including isolation of the patients, washing the clothes of those infected at high temperatures, and spraying the rest area, beddings, and blankets. This is a more recent report on an outbreak of body louse in Iran in 2023.
Kupffer cells abrogate homing and repopulation of allogeneic hepatic progenitors in injured liver site
Authors: Abbas Nasir , You Kai , Getachew Anteneh , Wu Feima , Hussain Muzammal , Huang Xinping , Chen Yan , Pan Tingcai , Li Yinxiong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hepatocyte transplantation is an emerging approach to treat acute liver defects. However, durable engraftment of the transplanted cells remains a daunting task, as they are actively cleared by the recipient’s immune system. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the innate or adaptive immune cells-derived responses against allogeneic transplanted hepatic cells is the key to rationalize cell-based therapies.MethodsHere, we induced an acute inflammatory regenerative niche (3–96 h) on the surface of the liver by the application of cryo-injury (CI) to systematically evaluate the innate immune response against transplanted allogeneic hepatic progenitors in a sustained micro-inflammatory environment.ResultsThe resulting data highlighted that the injured site was significantly repopulated by alternating numbers of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs), from 3 to 96 h. The transplanted allo-HPs, engrafted 6 h post-injury, were collectively eliminated by the innate immune response within 24 h of transplantation. Selective depletion of the KCs demonstrated a delayed recruitment of monocytes from day 2 to day 6. In addition, the intrasplenic engraftment of the hepatic progenitors 54 h post-transplantation was dismantled by KCs, while a time-dependent better survival and translocation of the transplanted cells into the injured site could be observed in samples devoid of KCs.ConclusionOverall, this study provides evidence that KCs ablation enables a better survival and integration of allo-HPs in a sustained liver inflammatory environment, having implications for rationalizing the cell-based therapeutic interventions against liver defects.
Particle-attached bacteria act as gatekeepers in the decomposition of complex phytoplankton polysaccharides
Authors: Wang Feng-Qing , Bartosik Daniel , Sidhu Chandni , Siebers Robin , Lu De-Chen , Trautwein-Schult Anke , Becher Dörte , Huettel Bruno , Rick Johannes , Kirstein Inga V. , Wiltshire Karen H. , Schweder Thomas , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Bengtsson Mia M. , Teeling Hanno , Amann Rudolf I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Marine microalgae (phytoplankton) mediate almost half of the worldwide photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation and therefore play a pivotal role in global carbon cycling, most prominently during massive phytoplankton blooms. Phytoplankton biomass consists of considerable proportions of polysaccharides, substantial parts of which are rapidly remineralized by heterotrophic bacteria. We analyzed the diversity, activity, and functional potential of such polysaccharide-degrading bacteria in different size fractions during a diverse spring phytoplankton bloom at Helgoland Roads (southern North Sea) at high temporal resolution using microscopic, physicochemical, biodiversity, metagenome, and metaproteome analyses.

Results
Prominent active 0.2–3 µm free-living clades comprised Aurantivirga, “Formosa”, Cd. Prosiliicoccus, NS4, NS5, Amylibacter, Planktomarina, SAR11 Ia, SAR92, and SAR86, whereas BD1-7, Stappiaceae, Nitrincolaceae, Methylophagaceae, Sulfitobacter, NS9, Polaribacter, Lentimonas, CL500-3, Algibacter, and Glaciecola dominated 3–10 µm and > 10 µm particles. Particle-attached bacteria were more diverse and exhibited more dynamic adaptive shifts over time in terms of taxonomic composition and repertoires of encoded polysaccharide-targeting enzymes. In total, 305 species-level metagenome-assembled genomes were obtained, including 152 particle-attached bacteria, 100 of which were novel for the sampling site with 76 representing new species. Compared to free-living bacteria, they featured on average larger metagenome-assembled genomes with higher proportions of polysaccharide utilization loci. The latter were predicted to target a broader spectrum of polysaccharide substrates, ranging from readily soluble, simple structured storage polysaccharides (e.g., laminarin, α-glucans) to less soluble, complex structural, or secreted polysaccharides (e.g., xylans, cellulose, pectins). In particular, the potential to target poorly soluble or complex polysaccharides was more widespread among abundant and active particle-attached bacteria.

Conclusions
Particle-attached bacteria represented only 1% of all bloom-associated bacteria, yet our data suggest that many abundant active clades played a pivotal gatekeeping role in the solubilization and subsequent degradation of numerous important classes of algal glycans. The high diversity of polysaccharide niches among the most active particle-attached clades therefore is a determining factor for the proportion of algal polysaccharides that can be rapidly remineralized during generally short-lived phytoplankton bloom events.
Comparative study: enhancing legibility of ancient Indian script images from diverse stone background structures using 34 different pre-processing methods
Authors: Jayanthi J. , Maheswari P. Uma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In recent times, there has been a proactive effort by various institutions and organizations to preserve historic manuscripts as repositories of traditional knowledge and cultural heritage. Leveraging digital media and emerging technologies has proven to be an efficient way to safeguard these invaluable documents. Such technologies not only facilitate the extraction of knowledge from historic manuscripts but also hold promise for global applications. However, transforming inscribed stone artifacts into binary formats presents significant challenges due to angle distortion, subtle differences between foreground and background, background noise, variations in text size, and related issues. A pivotal aspect of effective image processing in preserving the rich information and wisdom encoded in stone inscriptions lies in employing appropriate pre-processing methods and techniques. This research paper places a special focus on elucidating various preprocessing techniques, encompassing resizing, grayscale conversion, enhancement of brightness and contrast, smoothening, noise removal, morphological operations, and thresholding. To comprehensively assess these techniques, we undertake a study involving stone inscription images extracted from the Tanjore Brihadeeswar Temple, dating back to the eleventh century during the reign of Raja Raja Chola. This choice is informed by the manifold challenges associated with image correction, such as distortion and blurring. We undertake an evaluation encompassing a diverse array of stone background structures, including types like flawless-bright-moderately legible, dark-illegible, flawless-bright-illegible, flawless-dull, flawless-irregular-moderate, highly impaired-dark-legible, highly impaired-irregular-illegible, impaired-dark-moderate, impaired-dull-moderately legible, impaired-dusky dark-moderate, and very impaired-dusky dark-legible. Subsequently, the processed outputs are subjected to character recognition and information extraction, with a focus on comparing the outcomes of various pre-processing methods, including binarization and grayscale conversion. This study seeks to contribute insights into the most effective pre-processing strategies for enhancing the legibility and preservation of ancient Indian script images etched onto diverse stone background structures.
Lack of in vivo mutagenicity of carbendazim in the liver and glandular stomach of MutaMice
Authors: Iso Takako , Suzuki Kenichiro , Murata Yasumasa , Hirose Nozomu , Umano Takaaki , Horibata Katsuyoshi , Sugiyama Kei-ichi , Hirose Akihiko , Masumura Kenichi , Matsumoto Mariko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate, CASRN: 10605-21-7) exhibits spindle poisoning effects and is widely used as a fungicide. With respect to genotoxicity, carbendazim is deemed to be non-mutagenic in vitro, but it causes indicative DNA damage in vivo and chromosome aberrations in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we examined the mutagenicity of carbendazim in vivo.

Results
MutaMice were treated with carbendazim orally at doses of 0 (corn oil), 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day once a day for 28 days. A lacZ assay was used to determine the mutant frequency (MF) in the liver and glandular stomach of mice. MutaMice were administered up to the maximum dose recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guidelines for Chemicals No. 488 (OECD TG488). The lacZ MFs in the liver and glandular stomach of carbendazim-treated animals were not significantly different from those in the negative control animals. In contrast, positive control animals exhibited a significant increase in MFs in both the liver and glandular stomach.

Conclusions
Carbendazim is non-mutagenic in the liver and glandular stomach of MutaMice following oral treatment.
PbrWRKY62-PbrADC1 module involves in superficial scald development of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.fruit via regulating putrescine biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhu Lijuan , Qian Ming , Jiang Li , Gu Peng , Jia Luting , Qian Chunlu , Luo Weiqi , Ma Min , Wu Zhangfei , Qiao Xin , Wang Libin , Zhang Shaoling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPutrescine plays a role in superficial scald development during the cold storage of pear fruit. However, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been un-fully clarified until recently. In this study, a conjoint analysis of metabolites and gene expression profiles in the putrescine-metabolic pathway of P. bretschneideri Rehd. fruit followed by experimental validation revealed that PbrADC1, forming a homodimer in the chloroplast, was involved in putrescine biosynthesis and thus fruit chilling resistance. Additionally, the substrate-binding residue Cys546 in PbrADC1, whose activity was modified by H2O2, played a crucial role in arginine decarboxylation into agmatine. Through a combined analysis of the distribution of cis-acting elements in the PbrADC1 promoter as well as the expression profiles of related transcription factors (TFs), several TFs were identified as upstream regulators of PbrADC1 gene. Further investigation revealed that the nuclear PbrWRKY62 could directly bind to the W-box elements in the PbrADC1 promoter, activate its expression, enhance putrescine accumulation, and thus increase fruit chilling tolerance. In conclusion, our results suggest that the PbrWRKY62-PbrADC1 module is involved in the development of superficial scald in P. bretschneideri Rehd. fruit via regulating putrescine biosynthesis. Consequently, these findings could serve as valuable genetic resources for breeding scald-resistant pear fruit.
Graphical Abstract
A new procedure for onboard calibration of star sensors installed on low Earth orbit satellite
Authors: Zhang Jing , Dong Huiguo , Zhao Qing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper suggests a new onboard calibration procedure for star sensors installed on low Earth orbit satellites. In this procedure, all the error factors are investigated, and an accurate model of the star sensor is presented. Then, a new scenario is proposed for producing real data from a star sensor installed on a satellite while the satellite is moving in orbit. These sensor data are entered into the unscented Kalman filter as measurement data, and the sensor parameters, including focal length and principal point, are estimated. In the following, the estimated parameters are entered into the linear Kalman filter, and the misalignment error is estimated. Finally, the proposed procedure is simulated, and its performance is checked. The simulation results show the high accuracy and convergence speed of the suggested algorithm.
Heart Rate Variability Thresholds: Agreement with Established Approaches and Reproducibility in Trained Females and Males
Authors: FLEITAS-PANIAGUA PABLO R. , MARINARI GABRIELE , RASICA LETIZIA , ROGERS BRUCE , MURIAS JUAN M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine in trained females and males i) the agreement between the gas exchange threshold (GET), lactate threshold 1 (LT1), and heart rate variability threshold 1 (HRVT1), as well as between the respiratory compensation point (RCP), lactate threshold 2 (LT2), and heart rate variability threshold 2 (HRVT2), and ii) the reproducibility of HRVT1 and HRVT2 during 2-min incremental step protocols.

Methods
Fifty-seven trained participants (24 females) completed a 2-min step incremental test to task failure. Nineteen participants (eight females) completed a second test to evaluate reproducibility. Gas exchange and ventilatory responses, blood lactate concentration, and RR time series were recorded to assess the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and heart rate (HR) associated with the GET, RCP, LT1, LT2, HRVT1, and HRVT2.

Results
V̇O2-GET versus V̇O2-HRVT1 and HR-GET versus HR-HRVT1 were statistically different for females (29.5 ± 4.0 vs 34.6 ± 6.1 mL·kg−1·min−1; 154 ± 11 vs 166 ± 12 bpm) and for males (33.9 ± 4.2 vs 42.7 ± 4.6 mL·kg−1·min−1; 145 ± 11 vs 165 ± 9 bpm; P < 0.001). V̇O2 and HR at HRVT1 were greater than at LT1 (P < 0.05). V̇O2-RCP versus V̇O2-HRVT2 and HR-RCP versus HR-HRVT2 were not statistically different for females (40.1 ± 4.7 vs 39.5 ± 6.7 mL·kg−1·min−1; 177 ± 9 vs 176 ± 9 bpm) and males (48.4 ± 5.4 vs 47.8 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1; 176 ± 8 vs 175 ± 9 bpm; P > 0.05). V̇O2 and HR responses at LT2 were similar to HRVT2 (P > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficient for V̇O2-HRVT1, HR-HRVT1, V̇O2-HRVT2, and HR-HRVT2 indicated good reproducibility when comparing the two different time points to standard methods.

Conclusions
Whereas HRVT2 is a valid and reproducible estimate of the RCP/LT2, current approaches for HRVT1 estimation did not show good agreement with outcomes at GET and LT1.
Insulin resistance and metabolic diseases - a review
Authors: Drabczyk Marta , Kosyra Kamila , Magda Inga , Marczyńska Zuzanna , Zyśk Antoni 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: This review paper aims to discuss the effects of insulin resistance, and its association with various metabolic diseases. Insulin resistance (IR), characterized by diminished tissue responsiveness to physiological insulin levels, is a key component in various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
State of knowledge The consequences of IR are profound; in type 2 diabetes, it hinders glucose utilization by muscle cells, leading to hyperglycemia, muscle damage, and loss of mass and strength. IR also plays a central role in NAFLD, promoting lipid accumulation, hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and cell death.
Materials and methods: A review of chosen literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted, using the following key words: „Insulin resistane”, „Insulin resistance in obesity”, „Obesity”, „Insulin resistance NAFLD”, „Diebetes”, „Insulin resistance CVD”
Summary: The consequences of insulin resistance are far-reaching. In the context of type 2 diabetes, it impedes glucose utilization by muscle cells, resulting in hyperglycemia and subsequent muscle cell damage, contributing to loss of mass and strength. Insulin resistance is also a central player in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fostering lipid accumulation, hepatic inflammation, and, ultimately, fibrosis and cell death.
Conclusions: In conclusion, understanding insulin resistance is paramount in addressing the rising prevalence of metabolic diseases globally Controlling insulin resistance emerges as a crucial aspect of managing these metabolic disorders and their complications. Further research into the mechanisms of IR formation and effective intervention strategies is imperative for improving public health outcomes.
First-Order Algorithms Without Lipschitz Gradient: A Sequential Local Optimization Approach
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Hong Mingyi 
Published: February 2024

Most first-order methods rely on the global Lipschitz continuity of the objective gradient, which fails to hold in many problems. This paper develops a sequential local optimization (SLO) framework for first-order algorithms to optimize problems without Lipschitz gradient. Operating on the assumption that the gradient is locally Lipschitz continuous over any compact set, SLO develops a careful scheme to control the distance between successive iterates. The proposed framework can easily adapt to the existing first-order methods, such as projected gradient descent (PGD), truncated gradient descent (TGD), and a parameter-free variant of Armijo linesearch. We show that SLO requires [Formula: see text] gradient evaluations to find an ϵ-stationary point, where Y is certain compact set with [Formula: see text] radius, and [Formula: see text] denotes the Lipschitz constant of the i-th order derivatives in Y. It is worth noting that our analysis provides the first nonasymptotic convergence rate for the (slight variant of) Armijo linesearch algorithm without globally Lipschitz continuous gradient or convexity. As a generic framework, we also show that SLO can incorporate more complicated subroutines, such as a variant of the accelerated gradient descent (AGD) method that can harness the problem’s second-order smoothness without Hessian computation, which achieves an improved [Formula: see text] complexity. Funding: J. Zhang is supported by the MOE AcRF [Grant A-0009530-04-00], from Singapore Ministry of Education. M. Hong is supported by NSF [Grants CIF-1910385 and EPCN-2311007]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2021.0029 .