bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat, behaviour and colour patterns of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus (Pisces: Trachichthyidae) in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Lorance Pascal , Uiblein Franz , Latrouite Daniel 
Published: October 2002

Analyses of 13 submersible dives on the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay
(north-east Atlantic) showed that: (i) orange roughy formed dense aggregation of more than
4000 individuals per ha close to the bottom of a small underwater canyon. In all other study
areas only a few individuals were observed. Orange roughy aggregations are probably associated
with areas of high water mass movements and mixing; (ii) most individuals observed within this
aggregation or in its peripheral areas were behaviourally inactive and could be approached with
the submersible at close distance; (iii) a large number of these orange roughy showed a completely
pigmentless white, or weak red coloration, never observed from specimens caught in trawls.
Two individuals which were disturbed by the submarine changed from white to
the ‘typical’ red coloration.These observations suggest fine tuning of the foraging strategy and life cycle of the species. It is speculated that, as an active predator of a sparse food resource, orange roughy has developed adaptations to exploit areas with specific hydrological conditions which offer high prey encounter rates and shelter during metabolic relaxation phases between foraging trips.
Intravenous flumazenil versus oxazepam tapering in the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Gerra G. , Zaimovic A. , Giusti F. , Moi G. , Brewer C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFlumazenil (FLU), a benzodiazepine (BZD) partial agonist with a weak intrinsic activity, was previously found unable to precipitate withdrawal in tolerant subjects submitted to long‐lasting BZD treatment. The potential use of FLU to treat BZD withdrawal symptoms has also been evaluated tentatively in clinical studies. In the present experiment, FLU (treatment A) was compared with oxazepam tapering (treatment B) and placebo (treatment C) in the control of BZD withdrawal symptoms in three groups of BZD dependent patients. Group A patients (20) received FLU 1 mg twice a day for 8 days, and oxazepam 30 mg in two divided doses (15 mg + 15 mg) during the first night, oxazepam 15 mg during the second night and oxazepam 7.5 mg during the third night. FLU was injected i.v. in saline for 4 hours in the morning and 4 hours in the afternoon, in association with placebo tablets. Group B patients (20) were treated by tapering of oxazepam dosage (from 120 mg) and with saline solution (as placebo) instead of FLU for 8 days. Group C patients (10) received saline instead of FLU and placebo tablets instead of oxazepam for 8 days. FLU immediately reversed BZD effects on balance task and significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms in comparison with oxazepam and placebo on both self‐reported and observer‐rated withdrawal scales. The partial agonist also reduced craving scores during the detoxification procedure. In addition, during oxazepam tapering, group B patients experienced paradoxical symptoms that were not apparent in FLU patients. Patients treated with FLU showed a significantly lower relapse rates on days 15, 23 and 30 after the detoxification week. Our data provide further evidence of FLUs ability to counteract BZD effects, control BZD withdrawal and normalize BZD receptor function. The effectiveness of FLU may reflect its capacity to upregulate BZD receptors and to reverse the uncoupling between the recognition sites of BZD and GABA, on the GABA A macromolecular complex, that has been reported in tolerant subjects.
Experimental evaluation of a generic abstract interpretation algorithm for PROLOG
Authors: Le Charlier Baudouin , Van Hentenryck Pascal 
Published: October 2002

Abstract interpretation of PROLOG programs has attracted many researchers in recent years, partly because of the potential for optimization in PROLOG compilers and partly because of the declarative nature of logic programming languages that make them more amenable to optimization than procedural languages. Most of the work, however, has remained at the theoretical level, focusing on the developments of frameworks and the definition of abstract domains.This paper reports our effort to verify experimentally the practical value of this area of research. It describes the design and implementation of the generic abstract interpretation algorithm GAIA that we originally proposed in Le Charlier et al. [1991], its instantiation to a sophisticated abstract domain (derived from Bruynooghe and Janssens [1988]) containing modes, types, sharing, and aliasing, and its evaluation both in terms of performance and accuracy. The overall implementation (over 5000 lines of Pascal) has been systematically analyzed on a variety of programs and compared with the complexity analysis of Le Charlie et al. [1991] and the specific analysis systems of Hickey and Mudambi [1989], Taylor [1989; 1990], Van Roy and Despain [1990], and Warren et al. [1988].
Automatic translation of FORTRAN programs to vector form
Authors: Allen Randy , Kennedy Ken 
Published: October 2002

The recent success of vector computers such as the Cray-1 and array processors such as those manufactured by Floating Point Systems has increased interest in making vector operations available to the FORTRAN programmer. The FORTRAN standards committee is currently considering a successor to FORTRAN 77, usually called FORTRAN 8x, that will permit the programmer to explicitly specify vector and array operations.
Although FORTRAN 8x will make it convenient to specify explicit vector operations in new programs, it does little for existing code. In order to benefit from the power of vector hardware, existing programs will need to be rewritten in some language (presumably FORTRAN 8x) that permits the explicit specification of vector operations. One way to avoid a massive manual recoding effort is to provide a translator that discovers the parallelism implicit in a FORTRAN program and automatically rewrites that program in FORTRAN 8x.

Such a translation from FORTRAN to FORTRAN 8x is not straightforward because FORTRAN DO loops are not always semantically equivalent to the corresponding FORTRAN 8x parallel operation. The semantic difference between these two constructs is precisely captured by the concept of
dependence
. A translation from FORTRAN to FORTRAN 8x preserves the semantics of the original program if it preserves the dependences in that program.

The theoretical background is developed here for employing data dependence to convert FORTRAN programs to parallel form. Dependence is defined and characterized in terms of the conditions that give rise to it; accurate tests to determine dependence are presented; and transformations that use dependence to uncover additional parallelism are discussed.
Time Out of Mind: Anthropological Reflections on Temporality
Authors: Fox Robin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur conception of historical time is biased towards the present and the immediate. We relegate ninety-nine percent of human history to 'pre-history.'This temporal obsession with the present emerged, along with consciousness, in social systems inherently cyclical. Kinship systems evolved from those with alternating generation terms through those with linear terms. Conceptions of time likewise altered from the cyclical to the linear.Time eventually came to be seen as progressive and cumulative. Theories of historical time however remain stubbornly cyclical, biased towards the post-Neolithic, and determined to set limits to time. This hierarchy of preferences in temporal thinking seems a basic feature of human nature.
Solar Influences on Holocene Climatic Changes Illustrated by Correlations between Past Lake-Level Fluctuations and the Atmospheric14C Record
Authors: Magny Michel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChronological correlations established at different time scales among the lake-level fluctuations in the Jura and French Subalpine ranges, glacier movements in the Swiss and Austrian Alps, and the atmospheric14C record during the last 7 millennia show coincidences between lake-level rises, glacier advances, and high14C production and vice versa. These correspondences suggest that the short-term14C variations may be an empirical indicator of Holocene palaeoclimates and argue for possible origins of Holocene climatic oscillations: (1) The varying solar activity refers to secular climatic oscillations and to major climatic deteriorations showing a ca. 2300-yr periodicity. (2) A question is raised about a relationship between the earth's magnetic field and climate. First, the weak-strength periods of the earth's dipole magnetic field (between 3800 and ca. 2500 B.C.) coincide with higher climate variability, and vice versa. Second, the ca. 2300-yr periods revealed by the14C record and also by the major climatic deteriorations re. corded in Jurassian lakes (ca. 1500 A.D., ca. 800 B.C., and ca. 3500 B.C.) coincide with the ca. 2300-yr periods revealed by the earth's nondipole geomagnetic field. The present warming induced by anthropogenic factors should be intensified during the next few centuries by natural factors of climate evolution.
Holocene Environmental Signals from Mollusk Assemblages in Burgundy (France)
Authors: Rousseau Denis-Didier , Limondin Nicole , Puissegur Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe malacofaunas of Burgundy, France, reflect changes in climate and the activities of man during the Holocene. Statistical analyses based on the Shannon diversity index and correspondence analysis are used to describe the mollusk assemblages in a composite sequence based on three well-dated sites. The variation demonstrated by the mollusks suggests that a two-step warming took place between 10,000 and 9000 and 8000 and 6000 yr B.P. in relative agreement with the timing of the deglaciation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean proposed by Mix and Ruddiman (1985, Quaternary Science Reviews 4, 59-108). High humidity, partly associated with widespread inundations of the valleys between 10,000 and 8000 yr B.P., may be related to estimated variations in the rate of freshwater discharge to the Atlantic Ocean reported by Fairbanks (1989, Nature 342, 637-642). The increasing impact of human activities on the environment during the past 2000 yr is indicated by the low diversity of the mollusk assemblages, demonstrating the need for careful interpretation of the youngest Holocene sediments in this region.
Archaeological Evidence for a Former Bay at Seaside, Oregon
Authors: Connolly Thomas J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCultural shell middens, a common feature of coastal landscapes, preserve a record of past human use of coastal resources and often provide important paleoenvironmental information. Molluscan remains from two shell midden sites, located 0.7 km from the modern Pacific coast at Seaside, Oregon, suggest the former presence of a small sheltered bay at this locality. The modern sand beaches in the Seaside area, stretching for 30 km southward from the mouth of the Columbia River, are exposed to high-energy surf where razor clams (Siliqua patula) are today the only common bivalve. By contrast, over 90% of molluscan remains (by weight) recovered from the archaeological sites represent species that favor sheltered water. Geologic studies in the Seaside area have shown that the beach prograded some 2 km over the last 4 millennia. The midden evidence suggests that the progradation was accompanied by the infilling of a former bay.
Vertebrate Tracks in Pleistocene Eolian Sand-Sheet Deposits of Alaska
Authors: Lea Peter D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDeformation structures interpreted as vertebrate hoof- and foot-tracks occur within upper-Pleistocene eolian sand-sheet deposits in the stabilized Kantishna sand sea of central Alaska and in the Nushagak lowland of southwestern Alaska. Exposures of tracks are generally limited to cross sections, which reveal concave-up deformation structures in which displacement of preexisting strata diminishes downward. Deposits in both areas contain tracks that are 6 to 16 cm in diameter and are divided by a central ridge, reflecting formation by artiodactyl (even-toed) ungulates. Larger (21–34 cm) tracks without a central ridge, observed in the Nushagak lowland, were formed by proboscideans, probably woolly mammoth. Large vertebrate tracks occur within irregularly stratified sand and silty sand that accumulated upon partially vegetated sand sheets, and within thin, even wind-ripple laminae of unvegetated sand sheets. The presence of tracks at multiple stratigraphic levels and preservation of roots and rhizocretions within the eolian deposits suggest that vegetated sand sheets may have formed a locally important grazing habitat for large herbivores during at least part of the last glaciation. Recognition that vertebrate tracks are preserved in eolian sand-sheet deposits, and in deposits of other environments as well, opens a new source of stratigraphic and paleoecological data to aid reconstruction of the vanished ecosystems of Beringia.
Catastrophic events, contagion, and stock market efficiency: the case of the space shuttle challenger
Authors: Blose Laurence E. , Bornkamp Robin , Brier Marci , Brown Kendis , Frederick Jerry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examines the stock returns experienced by NASA contractors associated with the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion. Because of the extensive public interest in the explosion and the intensive and stirring news coverage, this event is a candidate for an irrational market response such as a selloff, a panic, or a contagion effect. The market evidence shows that on the day of the explosion, there was a significantly negative average abnormal return on the stock of NASA contractors. Any contagion effect was limited to a very narrow set of NASA contractors who received more than 5% of their 1995 revenues from NASA. Furthermore, the market was able to identify within days after the event that the single firm most likely to be affected by the event was Morton Thiokol Corporation.
Screening and selection of Lactobacillus strains for use as adjunct cultures in production of semi-hard cheese
Authors: ANTONSSON MARTIN , ARDÖ YLVA , FRANS NILSSON BENGT , MOLIN GÖRAN 
Published: October 2002

Thirty-three Lactobacillus strains were tested as adjuncts in a cheese model system. Eighteen strains originated from cheese (nine Lactobacillus spp. and nine Lb. paracasei/casei) and 15 from human intestinal mucosa (11 Lb. rhamnosus; three Lb. paracasei; one Lb. plantarum). Model cheeses weighing 120 g were made of cheese grains from full-scale production of washed curd semi-hard cheese (Herrgård). The model system was reproducible and similar to full-scale production with respect to moisture, salt content, pH and microbial flora. The model cheeses were sampled for aerobic and anaerobic plate count and viable counts of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus. The presence of adjuncts in the model cheeses was confirmed by typing isolates with Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The sensory properties of model cheeses were described. In a first trial 23 of the 33 adjuncts were re-isolated from the corresponding model cheeses after 9 or 13 weeks. Adjuncts of Lb. paracasei were re-isolated more frequently than adjuncts of Lb. rhamnosus. Nine strains were selected, on the basis of their ability to grow and be a dominating part of the microflora of model cheese with interesting sensory properties. These strains were further studied together with two commercial cultures. The sensory influences on model cheeses of six of the adjuncts were confirmed, and flavour scores were in the range of 2.9–7.1 for model cheeses with different adjuncts while the control had a flavour score of 5.6 (0–10 scale). Survival and growth of seven out of the nine strains correlated with the results of the first trial. Growth and influence on flavour of four adjunct cultures were confirmed in experimental cheese manufactured in a 400-l open vat.
The pharmacology of psilocybin
Authors: Passie Torsten , Seifert Juergen , Schneider Udo , Emrich Hinderk M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPsilocybin (4‐phosphoryloxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine) is the major psychoactive alkaloid of some species of mushrooms distributed worldwide.These mushrooms represent a growing problem regarding hallucinogenic drug abuse. Despite its experimental medical use in the 1960s, only very few pharmacological data about psilocybin were known until recently. Because of its still growing capacity for abuse and the widely dispersed data this review presents all the available pharmacological data about psilocybin.
Ethyl glucuronide: on the time course of excretion in urine during detoxification
Authors: Wurst Friedrich Martin , Seidl Stephan , Ladewig Dieter , Müller‐Spahn Franz , Alt Andreas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEthyl glucuronide (EtG) is a promising new biological state marker of recent alcohol consumption that detects alcohol use reliably over a definite time period. Other currently available markers lack acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Our aim is to elucidate under naturalistic conditions the time course of EtG excretion in urine following alcohol consumption and to show how this can be utilized for monitoring and prognosis in patients. There are no other existing data on this issue to date. One hundred and thirty‐eight urine samples from 28 male alcohol withdrawal patients were drawn every 3‐24 hours for up to 94 hours after hospitalization. Breath ethanol concentration (mean) at hospitalization was 900 mg/L. Patient age in years was 40.3 (mean). Determination of urine EtG was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with deuterium‐labelled EtG as an internal standard. The strongest correlations (p<0.01) were found between EtG determinations in the different patient when breath ethanol concentrations (BEC) were 0 and 48 hours after BEC=0 (r=0.747), EtG 24 and 48 hours after BEC=0 (r=0.872), and in the time frame of detection (hours) of EtG and EtG 48 hours after BEC=0 (r=0.762). No significant correlation was found (Mann‐Whitney test) between EtG concentrations in urine at different time points between the groups of patients with (a) 1 or less‐2, (b) 3‐4 or more previous hospitalizations, (c) a history of seizures (yes/no) or (d) an age above or below the median (40.5). EtG excretion in urine is not random, but seems rather to follow a kinetic profile. Furthermore our preliminary data indicate, that there is no significant difference for EtG concentration in urine when correlated to group variables such as age, seizures and hospitalizations.
Comparative Analysis of Multiple Genome-Scale Data Sets
Authors: Werner-Washburne Margaret , Wylie Brian , Boyack Kevin , Fuge Edwina , Galbraith Judith , Weber Jose , Davidson George 
Published: October 2002

The ongoing analyses of published genome-scale data sets is evidence that different approaches are required to completely mine this data. We report the use of novel tools for both visualization and data set comparison to analyze yeast gene-expression (cell cycle and exit from stationary phase/G0) and protein-interaction studies. This analysis led to new insights about each data set. For example, G1-regulated genes are not co-regulated during exit from stationary phase, indicating that the cells are not synchronized. The tight clustering of other genes during exit from stationary-phase data set further indicates the physiological responses during G0exit are separable from cell-cycle events. Comparison of the two data sets showed that ribosomal-protein genes cluster tightly during exit from stationary phase, but are found in three significantly different clusters in the cell-cycle data set. Two protein-interaction data sets were also compared with the gene-expression data. Visual analysis of the complete data sets showed no clear correlation between co-expression of genes and protein interactions, in contrast to published reports examining subsets of the protein-interaction data. Neither two-hybrid study identified a large number of interactions between ribosomal proteins, consistent with recent structural data, indicating that for both data sets, the identification of false-positive interactions may be lower than previously thought.[Supplemental material is available online athttp://www.genome.org and athttp://biology.unm.edu/biology/maggieww/Public_Html/Visualcomparison.htm, including data sets and download information for VxInsight.]
Cache miss equations
Authors: Ghosh Somnath , Martonosi Margaret , Malik Sharad 
Published: October 2002

With the ever-widening performance gap between processors and main memory, cache memory, which is used to bridge this gap, is becoming more and more significant. Caches work well for programs that exhibit sufficient locality. Other programs, however, have reference patterns that fail to exploit the cache, thereby suffering heavily from high memory latency. In order to get high cache efficiency and achieve good program performance, efficient memory accessing behavior is necessary. In fact, for many programs, program transformations or source-code changes can radically alter memory access patterns, significantly improving cache performance. Both hand-tuning and compiler optimization techniques are often used to transform codes to improve cache utilization. Unfortunately, cache conflicts are difficult to predict and estimate, precluding effective transformations. Hence, effective transformations require detailed knowledge about the frequency and causes of cache misses in the code. This article describes methods for generating and solving Cache Miss Equations (CMEs) that give a detailed representation of cache behavior, including conflict misses, in loop-oriented scientific code. Implemented within the SUIF compiler framework, our approach extends traditional compiler reuse analysis to generate linear Diophantine equations that summarize each loop's memory behavior. While solving these equations is in general difficult, we show that is also unnecessary, as mathematical techniques for manipulating Diophantine equations allow us to relatively easily compute and/or reduce the number of possible solutions, where each solution corresponds to a potential cache miss. The mathematical precision of CMEs allows us to find true optimal solutions for transformations such as blocking or padding. The generality of CMEs also allows us to reason about interactions between transformations applied in concert. The article also gives examples of their use to determine array padding
and offset amounts that minimize cache misses, and to determine optimal blocking factors for tiled code. Overall, these equations represent an analysis framework that offers the generality and precision needed for detailed compiler optimizations.
4Q279, 4QFour Lots, UNE INTERPRÉTATION DU PSAUME 135 APPARTENANT À 4Q421, 4QWays of Righteousness
Authors: Hamidovic David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLa publication officielle de cinq petits fragments, référencés 4Q279 dans le catalogue des manuscrits de Qumrân, a suscité peu d'intérêt dans le microcosme des études qumrâniennes, puisque aucune étude spécifique n'est parue à ce jour. Il est vrai que les manuscrits ne sont accessibles que depuis peu. Pourtant, les hypothèses émises par les éditeurs officiels ne devraient pas être sans retentissement, elles méritent d'être précisées, voire corrigées.
Bacidia brandii, a new lichen species from the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Lithuania
Authors: Coppins B. J. , van den Boom P. P. G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new lichen species from the genus Bacidia s. lat., B. brandii, is described from the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Lithuania. It has been found terricolous, on brick, on lignum and on plant debris. The new species belongs to a group sometimes treated in the genus Bacidina Vězda, and shows particular affinities to Bacidia amoldiana, B. chloroticula and B. saxenii.