bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Chemically Burned Rat Corneal Surface by Bone Marrow–Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ma Yanling , Xu Yongsheng , Xiao Zhifeng , Yang Wei , Zhang Chun , Song E. , Du Yiqin , Li Lingsong 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
To examine whether transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could reconstruct the corneal damage and also whether grafted MSCs could differentiate into corneal epithelial cells, we isolated MSCs from healthy donors. After growth and expansion on amniotic membrane, cells were transplanted into rat corneas 7 days after chemical burns. Reconstruction of the damaged cornea and the rat vision were measured once a week by slit lamp and by an optokinetic head-tracking instrument, respectively. Corneas were then cut out, fixed, and imbedded for immunofluorescent study of the expression of keratin 3 and keratin-pan as epithelial cell markers. Expression of CD45, interleukin 2, and metalloproteinase-2 was also investigated for inflammation and inflammation-related angiogenesis. The data showed that transplantation of MSCs, like limbal epithelial stem cells, successfully reconstructed damaged rat corneal surface. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect of the transplantation may be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and angiogenesis after transplantation of MSCs rather than the epithelial differentiation from MSCs. This study provides the first line of evidence that MSCs can be used for reconstruction of damaged corneas, presenting a new source for autotransplantation in the treatment of corneal disorders.
A family with X‐linked anophthalmia: Exclusion of SOX3 as a candidate gene
Authors: Slavotinek Anne , Lee Stephen S. , Hamilton Steven P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report on a four‐generation family with X‐linked anophthalmia in four affected males and show that this family has LOD scores consistent with linkage to Xq27, the third family reported to be linked to the ANOP1 locus. We sequenced the SOX3 gene at Xq27 as a candidate gene for the X‐linked anophthalmia based on the high homology of this gene to SOX2, a gene previously mutated in bilateral anophthlamia. However, no amino acid sequence alterations were identified in SOX3. We have improved the definition of the phenotype in males with anophthalmia linked to the ANOP1 locus, as microcephaly, ocular colobomas, and severe renal malformations have not been described in families linked to ANOP1. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CH/π hydrogen bonds as evidenced in the substrate specificity of acetylcholine esterase
Authors: Umezawa Yoji , Nishio Motohiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe crystal structure of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) in complex with various inhibitors, investigated as drugs for improvement of the cognitive ability of early stage Alzheimer's disease, has been analyzed with the use of our program CHPI. A number of CH/π hydrogen bonds have been disclosed in the binding of the inhibitors with Torpedo californica AchE. It has been demonstrated that, in order to be effective in the binding with AchE, C—H bonds in the inhibitor need not be polarized. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 248–258, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The Chemistry of Wine Polyphenolic C‐Glycosidic Ellagitannins Targeting Human Topoisomerase II
Authors: Quideau Stéphane , Jourdes Michael , Lefeuvre Dorothée , Montaudon Danièle , Saucier Cédric , Glories Yves , Pardon Patrick , Pourquier Philippe 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPolyphenolic nonahydroxyterphenoyl‐containing C‐glycosidic oak ellagitannins are found in wine as a result of the aging of this beverage in oak‐made barrels. Once in the slightly acidic wine (pH∼3–4), some of these complex natural products such as (−)‐vescalagin (1), but not its C‐1 epimer (−)‐castalagin (2), can capture grape‐derived nucleophilic entities such as ethanol, the flavanols catechin (10 a) and epicatechin (10 b), the anthocyanin oenin (13 b), and the thiolic glutathione (16) to furnish condensation products with retention of configuration at the C‐1 locus. A computer‐aided rationale of this high diastereoselectivity is given. These condensation products can contribute to the modulation of organoleptic properties of the wine, as evidenced by the 23 nm bathochromic shift color absorbance observed with the novel oenin‐based anthocyano‐ellagitannin (15 b). Hydrolysis of 1 under solvolytic conditions furnished another novel compound that we refer to as vescalene (21), in addition to the known (−)‐vescalin (18). Of pharmacological importance is the fact that most of these found‐in‐wine water‐soluble ellagitannin derivatives are much more potent than etoposide (VP‐16) at inhibiting top2‐mediated DNA decatenation in vitro (top2=topoisomerase II)). The known (−)‐vescalin (18) and the novel vescalene (21) fully inhibited top2 at 10 μM concentration!
Enantioselective binding to the human organic cation transporter‐1 (hOCT1) determined using an immobilized hOCT1 liquid chromatographic stationary phase
Authors: Moaddel R. , Patel S. , Jozwiak K. , Yamaguchi R. , Ho P.C. , Wainer I.W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA liquid chromatography stationary phase containing immobilized membranes obtained from a cell line that expresses the human organic cation transporter (hOCT1–IAM) has been used to study the binding of the enantiomers of propranolol, atenolol, pseudoephedrine, and α‐methylbenzylamine to the immobilized hOCT1. Frontal displacement chromatography was used to determine the binding affinities (Kd values), and the data demonstrate that there was an enantioselective difference in the Kd values of the enantiomers of propranolol, atenolol, and pseudoephedrine, while α‐methylbenzylamine did not significantly bind to the transporter. Competitive inhibition studies with the cell line used to create the chromatographic column demonstrated that, for the enantiomers of propranolol, the ratio of the chromatographically determined Kd values [Kd (+)‐(R)‐propranolol/Kd (−)‐(S)‐propranolol = 2.98] reflected an enantioselective difference in the functional activity of the two enantiomers [IC50 (+)‐(R)‐propranolol/IC50 (−)‐(S)‐propranolol = 2.75]. The chromatographically determined Kd values were used to construct an initial pharmacophore which contains a hydrogen bond donating site that appears to be responsible for the observed enantioselectivity. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.† Chirality 17:501–506, 2005.
Purification and characterization of rat liver enzyme catalyzing stereoselective reduction of acetylpyridines
Authors: Uwai Koji , Konno Noboru , Kitamura Shigeyuki , Ohta Shigeru , Takeshita Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAcetylpyridines (1–3) are known as aroma components of foods, perfumes, and smoking suppressants, showing several biological activities and constituting part of the structure of some important biologically active compounds. We purified and characterized an enzyme that catalyzes the stereoselective reduction of acetylpyridines so that we could clarify its function. The enzyme participating in the reductive metabolism of 4‐acetylpyridine (1) in the rat liver was purified by successively applying ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion‐exchange, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography, and it was definitively identified as 3α‐HSD. It preferentially reduced acetylpyridines (1–3) and acetophenone (7) to their corresponding (S)‐alcohols, with high enantioselectivity. Kinetic analyses of the compounds were performed, and the Vmax/Km values decreased in the order of 4‐, 2‐, and 3‐acetylpyridine (1, 3, 2), while acetophenone (7) showed almost the same value as 3‐acetylpyridine (2). These results suggested that the reduction of the substrates by 3α‐HSD is affected by the nitrogen atom in the aromatic ring. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 17:494–500, 2005.
Solvent and Protein Effects on the Structure and Dynamics of the Rhodopsin Chromophore
Authors: Röhrig Ute F. , Guidoni Leonardo , Rothlisberger Ursula 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of the retinal chromophore of rhodopsin are investigated systematically in different environments (vacuum, methanol solution, and protein binding pocket) and with different computational approaches (classical, quantum, and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) descriptions). Finite temperature effects are taken into account by molecular dynamics simulations. The different components that determine the structure and dynamics of the chromophore in the protein are dissected, both in the dark state and in the early photointermediates. In vacuum and in solution the chromophore displays a very high flexibility, which is significantly reduced by the protein environment. In the 11‐cis chromophore, the bond‐length alternation, which is correlated with the dipole moment, is found to be similar in solution and in the protein, while it differs greatly with respect to minimum‐energy vacuum structures. In the model of the earliest protein photointermediate, the highly twisted chromophore shows a very reduced bond‐length alternation.
Facial recognition in primary focal dystonia
Authors: Rinnerthaler Martina , Benecke Cord , Bartha Lisa , Entner Tanja , Poewe Werner , Mueller Joerg 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe basal ganglia seem to be involved in emotional processing. Primary dystonia is a movement disorder considered to result from basal ganglia dysfunction, and the aim of the present study was to investigate emotion recognition in patients with primary focal dystonia. Thirty‐two patients with primary cranial (n = 12) and cervical (n = 20) dystonia were compared to 32 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and educational level on the facially expressed emotion labeling (FEEL) test, a computer‐based tool measuring a person's ability to recognize facially expressed emotions. Patients with cognitive impairment or depression were excluded. None of the patients received medication with a possible cognitive side effect profile and only those with mild to moderate dystonia were included. Patients with primary dystonia showed isolated deficits in the recognition of disgust (P = 0.007), while no differences between patients and controls were found with regard to the other emotions (fear, happiness, surprise, sadness, and anger). The findings of the present study add further evidence to the conception that dystonia is not only a motor but a complex basal ganglia disorder including selective emotion recognition disturbances. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Poly‐(L‐alanine) expansions form core β‐sheets that nucleate amyloid assembly
Authors: Shinchuk Leonid M. , Sharma Deepak , Blondelle Sylvie E. , Reixach Natalia , Inouye Hideyo , Kirschner Daniel A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractExpansion to a total of 11–17 sequential alanine residues from the normal number of 10 in the polyadenine‐binding protein nuclear‐1 (PABPN1) results in formation of intranuclear, fibrillar inclusions in skeletal muscle and hypothalamic neurons in adult‐onset, dominantly inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). To understand the role that homopolymeric length may play in the protein misfolding that leads to the inclusions, we analyzed the self‐assembly of synthetic poly‐(L‐alanine) peptides having 3–20 residues. We found that the conformational transition and structure of polyalanine (polyAla) assemblies in solution are not only length‐dependent but also are determined by concentration, temperature, and incubation time. No β‐sheet complex was detected for those peptides characterized by n < 8, where n is number of alanine residues. A second group of peptides with 7 < n < 15 showed varying levels of complex formation, while for those peptides having n > 15, the interconversion process from the monomeric to the β‐sheet complex was complete under any of the tested experimental conditions. Unlike the typical tinctorial properties of amyloid fibrils, polyalanine fibrils did not show fluorescence with thioflavin T or apple‐green birefringence with Congo red; however, like amyloid, X‐ray diffraction showed that the peptide chains in these fibrils were oriented normal to the fibril axis (i.e., in the cross‐β arrangement). Neighboring β‐sheets are quarter‐staggered in the hydrogen‐bonding direction such that the alanine side‐chains were closely packed in the intersheet space. Strong van der Waals contacts between side‐chains in this arrangement likely account for the high stability of the macromolecular fibrillar complex in solution over a wide range of temperature (5–85°C), and pH (2–10.5), and its resistance to denaturant (< 8 M urea) and to proteases (protease K, trypsin). We postulate that a similar stabilization of an expanded polyalanine stretch could form a core β‐sheet structure that mediates the intermolecular association of mutant proteins into fibrillar inclusions in human pathologies. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum computational analysis for drug resistance of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase to nevirapine through point mutations
Authors: He Xiao , Mei Ye , Xiang Yun , Zhang Da W. , Zhang John Z.H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractQuantum chemical calculation has been carried out to analyze binding interactions of nevirapine to HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and single point mutants Lys103 → Asn (K103N) and Tyr181→ Cys (Y181C). In this study, the entire system of HIV‐1 RT/nevirapine complex with over 15,000 atoms is explicitly treated by using a recently developed MFCC (molecular fractionation with conjugate caps) approach. Quantum calculation of protein–drug interaction energy is performed at Hartree‐Fock and DFT levels. The RT‐nevirapine interaction energies are computed at fixed geometries given by the crystal structures of the HIV‐1 RT/nevirapine complexes from protein data bank (PDB). The present calculation provides a quantum mechanical interaction spectrum that explicitly shows interaction energies between nevirapine and individual amino‐acid fragments of RT. Detailed interactions that are responsible for drug resistance of two major RT mutations are elucidated based on computational analysis in relation to the crystal structures of binding complexes. The present result provides a qualitative molecular understanding of HIV‐1 RT drug resistance to nevirapine and gives useful guidance in designing improved inhibitors with better resistance to RT mutation. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Database for three dimensional structures of pepsin‐like enzymes using the internal coordinate system
Authors: Russ A. , Pechik I. , Andreeva N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA database for 3D structures of pepsin‐like enzymes has been created on the basis of a novel approach using the Internal Coordinate System (ICS). It allows rapid comparison of multiple structures of pepsin‐like enzymes without the need for preliminary calculations. Atomic displacements measured by this approach are very close to those estimated by the superposition procedures widely employed in comparing three‐dimensional structures of proteins. Any new structure of pepsin‐like enzyme converted to the ICS automatically becomes superimposed with all structures in a database. The ICS approach can be used for any class of enzymes and is especially efficient for families containing a large number of homologous structures. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are tattooing and body piercing indicators of risk‐taking behaviours among high school students?
Authors: Deschesnes Marthe , Finès Philippe , Demers Stéphanie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo date, studies pertaining to possible links between body modification and risk‐taking behaviours have been conducted mainly among targeted groups. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of a number of risk‐taking behaviours on the probability of being pierced or tattooed among a general adolescent population.MethodsData come from a cross‐sectional study conducted among a sample of 2180 students aged 12–18. Data were collected directly from students through a self‐report survey.ResultsFindings confirm the “risky” nature of these practices even though the tattooed and pierced subjects of this study were from a general adolescent population. Factors that contribute significantly to the likelihood of teenagers being tattooed or pierced, for both genders, are associated with “externalized risk behaviours” such as multiple drug use, illegal activities, gang affiliation, problem gambling, school truancy and rave attendance.ConclusionNowadays, tattooing and body piercing are perceived by many as body decoration, increasingly belonging to the realm of generational conformity. Contrary to this view, our results suggest that these practices among adolescents are mostly adopted by those who are involved in various deviant or illegal activities, which are often interrelated.
Anaemia and coronary artery disease severity in patients with heart failure
Authors: Felker G. Michael , Stough Wendy Gattis , Shaw Linda K. , O'Connor Christopher M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia is common in heart failure (HF) and associated with higher mortality. Exacerbation of myocardial ischemia in patients with heart failure, coronary disease, and anaemia patients has been suggested as a potential mechanism underlying this association.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that greater CAD severity would exacerbate the adverse effects of anaemia in HF.MethodsWe examined data on patients with symptomatic heart failure (NYHA class ≥II) undergoing coronary angiography between 1995 and 2003 (n=4951). Patients with primary valvular or congenital heart disease were excluded. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between coronary disease severity (as defined by no. of diseased vessels) and hemoglobin concentration.Results and conclusionsIn patients with symptomatic HF undergoing coronary angiography, we found an interaction between hemoglobin and CAD severity (p=0.003 for interaction). Contrary to our hypothesis, the mortality hazard associated with anaemia was greatest in patients without CAD and progressively lower with increasing CAD severity. These data suggest that anaemia may exert its effect on HF outcomes through mechanisms beyond simply the exacerbation of myocardial ischemia.
Vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before hysteroscopy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Barcaite E. , Bartusevicius A. , Railaite D.R. , Nadisauskiene R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness and possible adverse effects of vaginal misoprostol for cervical priming before hysteroscopy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 105 women scheduled for hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The study group (n = 51) received 400 μg of vaginal misoprostol at least 12 h before the procedure and the control group (n = 54) received no cervical priming agent. The primary outcome measure was the number of women who required cervical dilation. Secondary outcomes were cervical width (the largest size of Hegar dilator inserted without resistance) as well as complications and adverse effects. Results: In the misoprostol group 27 women (52.9%) required cervical dilation vs. 53 (98.1%) in the control group (P < 0.0001). The largest size of Hegar dilator inserted without resistance was 7.6 ± 1.4 mm in the misoprostol group vs. 5.0 ± 1.1 mm in the control group (P < 0.0001). A similar effect of misoprostol on cervical dilation was also found in the subgroup of treated postmenopausal women. Only 2 women (3.9%) experienced mild lower abdominal pain after misoprostol application. Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol applied before hysteroscopy reduced cervical resistance and the need for cervical dilation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, with only mild adverse effects.
Wage Compression and the Unemployment Crisis: Labor Market Institutions, Skills, and Inequality‐Unemployment Tradeoffs
Authors: Howell David R. , Huebler Friedrich 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAt the core of the orthodox view is the belief that policy makers face an ineluctable choice between employment and equality. With data from the OECD for the major affluent OECD countries, empirical support for a variety of tradeoffs is explored: between unemployment rates and earnings inequality; between the change in unemployment rates and the growth in earnings inequality; between unemployment inequality (high vs. low skill) and earnings inequality; and between employment rate inequality (high vs. low skill) and earnings inequality. The authors find little evidence for these predicted tradeoffs. The chapter also looks at skill distributions and finds that differences in institutions, not skill distributions, are the main source of cross-country differences in earnings inequality. They conclude that the labor market institutions that clearly compress wages do not appear to have similarly clear and substantial adverse effects on employment performance.
Seeing Through Language
Authors: Davidson Donald 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This essay argues that while there is an important sense in which we see the world through language, common ways of understanding this metaphor are false. It criticises mentalese, the thesis that there is an inborn ‘language of thought’, and discusses the conditions necessary for creatures to acquire concepts, thoughts and language. The birth of meaning occurs through interpersonal communication about a shared, public world, and depends on the fact that human creatures have shared needs and interests.
Asset Pricing in Discrete Time
Authors: Poon Ser-Huang , Stapleton Richard 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Relying on the existence, in a complete market, of a pricing kernel, this book covers the pricing of assets, derivatives, and bonds in a discrete time, complete markets framework. It is primarily aimed at advanced Masters and PhD students in finance. Topics covered include CAPM, non-marketable background risks, European-style contingent claims as in Black–Scholes and in cases where risk-neutral valuation relationship does not exist, multi-period asset pricing under rational expectations, forward and futures contracts on assets and derivatives, and bond pricing under stochastic interest rates. All the proofs, including a discrete time proof of the Libor market model, are shown explicitly.