bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the UICC pathological node status system useful? comparison with the Japanese Breast Cancer Society pathological node status system
Authors: Hayashi Mitsuhiro , Sakamoto Goi , Akiyama Futoshi , Kasumi Fujio , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe UICC and the Japanese Breast Cancer Society have different TNM classifications. There is a large discrepancy between the pathological node status in the UICC (UICC‐NS) and JBCS (JBCS‐NS) systems. We compared the UICC‐NS with the JBCS‐NS.MethodsReviewed were data on 1,684 invasive ductal carcinomas at the Cancer Institute Hospital from 1981 to 1986. Each case was categorized according to the UICC‐NS and JBCS‐NS, respectively. Overall survival 10 years after surgery (OS) by UICC‐NS and JBCS‐NS was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOS with UICC‐NS and number of case were, respectively, 87.8% and 968 for pN0, 83.9% and 93 for pN1a, 71.6% and 190 for pN1bi, 60.0% and 25 for pN2, 58.8% and 51 for pN1bii, 55.7% and 238 for pN1biii, 54.2% and 24 for pN1biv, 44.8% and 58 for pN3, and 20.6% and 34 for pM (LYM). Differences between pN1a and pN1bi and pN3 and pM (LYM) were significant (p < 0.05). In JBCS‐NS, they were 87.8% and 968 for n0, 75.3% and 384 for n1α, 51.3% and 152 for n1β, 46.6% and 141 for n2, 21.2% and 33 for n3, 0% and 2 for n4d and n4i, respectively. Differences between n0 and n1α, n1α and n1β, and n2 and n3 were significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWith a large number of classification factors, UICC‐NS was more complicated and hard to show significant difference in OS than JBCS‐NS. But the latter also had redundant classifications. So, it is necessary to establish a new, simple, and easy‐to‐register node classification in future. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:255–260. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiologic differences between women with colorectal cancer and women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Eltabbakh Gamal H. , Natarajan Nachimuthu , Piver M. Steven , Mettlin Curtis J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe difference between the epidemiologic features of women with colorectal cancer and those with ovarian cancer has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study is to review the epidemiologic features of women with colorectal cancer and compare them with those of women with ovarian cancer.MethodsThe epidemiologic features of 705 women with colorectal cancer were compared with those of 503 women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Both groups included all women with the confirmed respective histologic diagnoses admitted to Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1996 who returned a voluntary self‐administered epidemiologic questionnaire.ResultsWomen with ovarian cancer were significantly younger, had higher education and income, had fewer children, and were more likely to have never been married and nulligravid than those with colorectal cancer. There was a significant difference in the contraceptive history between both groups among women ≥45 years of age. More women with ovarian cancer had a family history of ovarian cancer and more women with colorectal cancer had a family history of colorectal cancer.ConclusionsThe epidemiologic features of women with colorectal cancer are different from those with ovarian cancer. The difference between both groups might indicate difference in the environmental or genetic etiology of both cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;76:283–288. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further studies on the interrelationship of aluminum and silicon in patients receiving aluminum hydroxide therapy for dyspepsia and factors that relate to the solubilization of aluminum
Authors: Roberts N.B. , Zhu H. , Kim J.Y. , Shin H.R. , Kim J.I. , Choi S.Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is known that the intake of aluminum‐containing antacids is related to increases in serum concentration and the urinary output of aluminum, and that silicon intake as orthosilicic acid may facilitate renal excretion of aluminum. However, how either the amount of antacid ingested or the therapy period affects these and the subsequent interrelationship of aluminum and silicon has not been fully investigated. In addition, factors that affect the solubility of aluminum hydroxide need further clarification. A study of 122 patients with dyspepsia who were receiving aluminum hydroxide therapy and 144 healthy controls confirmed that, in the patients, serum and urine aluminum (0.39 ± 0.21 and 2.02 ± 2.0 μmol/L, mean ± 1 SD, respectively) were slightly but significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the controls (0.21 ± 0.13 and 1.55 ± 0.89). However, there was no evidence of any association between these changes and the amount ingested or the therapy period. Urine silicon although increased in the patients (716 ± 488 μmol/L) compared with the controls (472 ± 333 μmol/L) was not affected by the amount or time of therapy but was just significantly correlated with the urine (r = +0.19, P = 0.03) and serum aluminum (r = +0.13, P = 0.05) in the combined groups. Thus, the renal excretion of silicon and aluminum may in some part be interdependent. Studies into factors that affect the solubility of aluminum from aluminum hydroxide indicated that at a pH > 3.5 the solubility of aluminum reduced significantly. However, addition of 5 or 20 mmol/L phosphate had no significant effect. With a synthetic food, solubility of aluminum was markedly increased even at the elevated pH 5.5. Thus, the pH, as well as the chemical complexity of the mixture, is an important factor in affecting solubilization of aluminum. The potential of increased exposure to aluminum could be dependent on co‐ingestion with food components and may explain the increased risk to renal failure patients on aluminum‐containing phosphate binders. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:9–19, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quantum Monte Carlo study of energy differences in C4H3and C4H5isomers*
Authors: Krokidis Xénophon , Moriarty Nigel W. , Lester William A. , Frenklach Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuantum Monte Carlo and a series of other ab initio as well as density functional theory calculations were performed for the enthalpy of formation of C4H3and C4H5radicals. The computed ΔfH2980values, in kcal/mol, are 126.0 forn‐C4H3, 119.4 fori‐C4H3, 83.4 forn‐C4H5, and 76.2 fori‐C4H5, all with one standard deviation of 0.6 kcal/mol. The enthalpy differences between thenandiisomers of C4H3and C4H5are predicted to be substantially lower than those obtained in recent theoretical studies. The nature of the middle CC bond in these radicals was examined using the electron localization function topological analysis performed by bonding evolution theory for partitioning the molecular space into regions with clear chemical meaning. This analysis shows that thenisomers are represented by a unique Lewis structure while theiisomers are represented by a resonance description. For the latter systems, the middle CC bond is only mildly conjugated and the corresponding degree of conjugation is calculated. These results signify higher prominence of the even‐carbon‐atom reaction pathways in the formation of the first aromatic ring in hydrocarbon pyrolysis and oxidation, consistent with the past kinetic modeling and recent experimental studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 808–820, 2001
Thermal decomposition of 2‐ethylhexyl nitrate (2‐EHN)
Authors: Bornemann Holger , Scheidt Friedrich , Sander Wolfram 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe decomposition mechanism of 2‐ethyl‐hexylnitrate (2‐EHN), an important additive to diesel fuel to improve the cetane number, was investigated in solution and in the gas phase. In trans‐decalin as solvent, an activation barrier for the thermal decomposition of 39 kcal/mol was determined, and thus the decomposition is slow at temperatures below 100°C. Under high pressure conditions (2.4 kbar) the decomposition rates decrease, in accordance with a radical mechanism. Flash vacuum pyrolysis with subsequent detection of the products via mass spectroscopy or matrix IR spectroscopy allows to identify NO2, formaldehyde, and several olefins as the major decomposition products. These data allow proposing a consistent mechanistic scheme for the 2‐EHN decay. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 34–38, 2002
Towards a knowledge management consultation system
Authors: Connell Con , Klein Jonathan H. , Loebbecke Claudia , Powell Philip 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKnowledge is a source of competitive advantage but moves towards inter‐organizational collaboration mean that firms must give a high priority to knowledge management to ensure that they obtain maximum benefit from both internally generated and acquired knowledge. Knowledge transfer either to collaborators or internally is performed both on a person‐to‐person basis or more often by machine‐to‐person interaction. While knowledge management has been researched, there is little work that tries to model the fundamental interactions between repositories of knowledge or expertise and those seeking to acquire it. This paper introduces the concept of a knowledge management consultation system. The paper provides a characterization of the structure and functioning of such a system, in particular considering its necessary components, and distinguishes between knowledge, need and the carriers of these components. A model incorporating these components is proposed and an example is used to illustrate the scope and relationship of the components within the model. Implications of the model and its role in a research agenda for organizationally useful knowledge management systems are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of Transcription Factor HNF3γ in the Effect of o‐Aminoazotoluene on Glucocorticoid Induction of Tyrosine Aminotransferase in Mice Sensitive to its Hepatocarcinogenic Action
Authors: Kropachev Konstantin Y. , Kaledin Vasily I. , Kobzev Victor F. , Plisov Sergei Y. , Levashova Zoia B. , Merkulova Tatyana I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the rodent liver, hepatocarcinogens inhibit the glucocorticoid induction of several liver‐specific genes, including tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). A distinct positive correlation exists in mice between the extent of inhibition of TAT induction after acute administration of o‐aminoazotoluene (OAT) and the frequency of liver tumors after chronic exposure to the carcinogen. To elucidate the mechanism of the carcinogenic action, the effects of OAT on the DNA‐binding activity of several transcription factors participating in the glucocorticoid regulation of TAT gene expression were studied. The experimental inbred male mice were sensitive (A/He and SWR/J, tumor induction frequency of 75–100%, TAT induction inhibition of 35–50%) and resistant (CC57BR/Mv and AKR/J, 0–6% and 10–15%, respectively) to OAT. Gel retardation experiments showed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3)γ DNA‐binding activity was strongly reduced in nuclear extracts from the livers of OAT‐treated A/He and SWR/J mice but only slightly reduced in CC57Br/Mv and AKR/J mice. The DNA‐binding activities of Ets, AP1 family members, and GME binding proteins were unaffected. HNF3γ DNA‐binding activity was reduced by 1 h after OAT administration and remained low for 1 mo, as did inhibition of TAT induction in the liver. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of OAT on the glucocorticoid induction of TAT is mediated by reduced HNF3γ DNA‐binding activity. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) of atropisomeric PCBs, combining a narrow bore β‐cyclodextrin column and a liquid crystal column
Authors: Harju Mikael , Haglund Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeak assignment and quantification of PCBs in environmental samples is a time‐consuming and costly process, and the analysis of atropisomeric PCBs is even more laborious and costly due to the elaborate analytical work involved. GC×GC can solve some of the problems entailed by increasing congener resolution and instrument sensitivity. In this study, a comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) system was utilized with a combination of a permethylated β‐cyclodextrin column in the first dimension and a liquid crystal column in the second dimension. Using this system, in a single GC×GC run six out of nine studied atropisomeric PCBs (PCBs 91, 132, 135, 136, 149, and 176) can be resolved, and two (PCBs 84 and 174) can be partially separated from coeluting congeners in a mixture of 144 congeners (the most abundant congeners in technical PCBs). The chiral resolution (RS) of the enantiomeric pairs ranged between 0.6 and 2.0, with PCB 132 having the highest resolution. Furthermore, the congers that (partially) coelute with enantiomers of PCBs 84, 95, and 174 have low abundance in technical PCB as well as in environmental samples. Thus, all of the nine target PCBs could be separated from significant interfering compounds in a single GC×GC run. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 300–305, 2001
Shape selectivity: A key factor in comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatographic analysis of toxic PCBs
Authors: Haglund Peter , Harju Mikael , Ong Ruby , Marriott Philip 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of toxic planar PCBs, that is, PCB 77, 105, 118, 126, 156, and 169, were successfully separated from other PCB congeners present in technical PCB formulations using comprehensive GC×GC. The planar PCBs were selectively retained using a liquid crystal column, which was used as the first‐dimension column. A short and narrow bore (0.25 m×0.1 mm) nonpolar 5%‐phenyl‐methylpoly‐siloxane column was used as the second‐dimension column. A longitudinally modulating cryogenic system (LMCS) was used to modulate the first‐dimension signal. Since the planar PCBs elute from the first column at relatively high oven temperatures they were rapidly eluted from the second column. Altogether, this resulted in a significant peak sharpening, and a 20‐fold increase in the signal‐to‐noise ratio, as compared to standard one‐dimensional GC. This column set also seems to separate seven frequently measured congeners, that is, PCBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180, from other major PCB congeners. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 306–311, 2001
Comprehensive isotachophoresis–capillary zone electrophoresis using directly inserted columns having different diameters with a periodic counterflow and dual ultraviolet detectors
Authors: Bowerbank Christopher R. , Lee Milton L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIsotachophoresis (ITP) coupled to capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) in a comprehensive manner was used to separate mixture components in both insufficient and sufficient quantities without heart‐cutting or splitting. Examples of comprehensive ITP‐CE involving multiple CE injections of preconcentrated ITP zones are demonstrated. In the comprehensive arrangement, all of the sample in the first dimension (ITP) is subjected to analysis in the second dimension (CE), without significant sample loss or decrease in sample detectability resulting from removal of a portion of the sample. This is especially important for analytes at low concentrations which may form a single mixed zone instead of individual ITP zones. Direct on‐line coupling of ITP to CE in this comprehensive arrangement involved the use of columns having different diameters with one directly inserted inside of the other. A computer‐controlled counterflow was applied when the isotachophoretic sample stack reached the bifurcation point. Large volume (10 μL) injections were made using an electrically insulated commercial polymeric rotary valve injector for increased reproducibility compared to previous comprehensive ITP‐CE studies, with ITP and CE retention time RSD's ranging from 2 to 5%. An ultraviolet (UV) detector positioned at the bifurcation point was used to determine the beginning of CE injection. Application of a splitting voltage at the bifurcation point showed no affect on analyte transfer into the CE column. In using multiple injections of the ITP band(s), CE column overloading was not observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 361–370, 2001
Chiral capillary electrophoresis of the methaqualone rotamers: Indication of a stereoselective metabolism
Authors: Zaugg Sandra , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMethaqualone (MQ, 2‐methyl‐3‐o‐tolylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one) is a hypnotic and anticonvulsive drug in which the rotation about the nitrogen‐to‐aryl bond between the planar 2‐methyl‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one structure and the o‐tolyl moiety is sterically hindered. MQ is thus a chiral substance whose enantiomers are shown to be separable by acidic chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) in presence of (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (OHP‐β‐CD). Using a pH 2.5 phosphate buffer containing 8 mM OHP‐β‐CD, chiral discrimination is possible up to an intracapillary temperature of at least 70°C. For a given capillary length, optimized separation is attained at the lowest running temperature. CE is demonstrated to be a simple and an attractive approach for analysis of MQ enantiomers in alkaline extracts of urines that were collected after single‐dose administration of a tablet containing 250 mg MQ. Electropherograms obtained with urines collected at different time intervals after drug intake reveal that the size ratio of the two peaks allocated to MQ is changing with time, thus indicating the existence of a stereoselective metabolism of that drug. For unambiguous elucidation of the stereoselectivity, however, chiral analyses of urinary MQ metabolites will have to be undertaken. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 96–101, 2001
Enantioselective packed column SFC for the separation of 2‐oxatetracyclo [5.4.0.01,8.05,11] undec‐9‐ene derivatives
Authors: Desmet Koen , Sandra Pat , Vízvárdi Kristóf , Hoornaert Georges J. , Van der Eycken Erik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPacked column SFC (pSFC) on a 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate derivative of amylose (Chiralpak AD) has exhibited high enantioselectivity for the separation of 2‐oxatetracyclo [5.4.0.01,8.05,11] undec‐9‐ene derivatives resulting from the UV‐radiation of substituted 4‐phenoxybut‐1‐enes. The speed of analysis compared to normal phase LC and mild conditions compared to capillary GC were valuable characteristics of pSFC for the analysis of these labile products. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 163–168, 2001
The Hopkinson tariff alternative to TOU rates in the Israel Electric Corporation
Authors: Woo C.K. , Horii Brian , Horowitz Ira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper determines three alternative Hopkinson tariffs to replace the Israel Electric Corporation's time‐of‐use (TOU) energy rate. The first apportions any system residual revenue requirement between customer classes, based on their respective historic peak demands. The second collects the same revenue as the current TOU rates. The third allocates generation revenue requirements for base‐load and peaking generation plants in proportion to the base‐load and peak‐period energy consumption of each class, and allocates transmission and distribution revenue requirements in proportion to the connected load of each class. We show that a Hopkinson tariff with demand subscription is an attractive alternative to TOU rates, especially when quantity rationing is essential to maintaining a balance between the provision of energy and the demand for it. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The poverty of economic explanations of consumption and an action theory alternative
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to critique economic conceptualizations of consumer behaviour and explanations of consumer choice, and to propose an alternative rooted in the philosophy of mind and action, as well as in nascent social psychological and marketing models of purposive behaviour. It is claimed that economic theory harbours ideological and methodological biases in how consumer behaviour is conceived and obscures understanding of the many decision processes constituting consumer behaviour and its causes and effects. A novel multistage model is proposed to account for consumer goal achievement/goal failure, where goal outcomes are hypothesized to be joint functions of consumer actions and physical, social, or other environmental forces. Consumer action, in turn, is proposed to begin with reasoning processes (subject to nonconscious biases found in neural operations), to undergo appraisals of anticipated goal outcomes, which are experienced as positive and negative emotions, to involve a subsequent integrative stage of desire production, where reasoning, emotional, and social processes are integrated and transformed into a decision to act or not, and finally to encompass additional affective and reasoning processes that are initiated in a stage termed, ‘trying to consume’, wherein decisions are planned and implemented, and goal‐directed behaviours activated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of essential tremor patients on their knowledge about the genetics of the disease
Authors: Watner Dryden , Jurewicz Eva C. , Louis Elan D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA group of essential tremor (ET) patients were surveyed on their knowledge of the genetics of ET in order to provide important information to clinicians who care for and educate patients about this disease. ET patients were ascertained from neurologists at Columbia‐Presbyterian Medical Center. A 5‐ to 10‐minute survey was administered to assess knowledge of the genetics of ET. Fifty ET patients had been living with their disease for a mean of 24.2 years. Approximately half (n = 27) reported a family history of ET. When asked, “What causes ET,” 12 (24%) replied that it was “hereditary.” Even among the 27 who reported a family history, only 25.9% replied that it was “hereditary.” A minority of patients (12 [24%]) thought that it was “very likely” that other members of their family would develop the disease some day. Three patients were aware that genetic linkage had been established. Our findings suggest that the majority of patients with ET are not well informed about the genetic basis for the disease. Because of recent advances in genetic research, physicians may need to incorporate more genetic information and education into their practice, including information on risk to other family members and genetic testing. It is hoped that these survey results could be used to improve patient education and to provide clinicians with further insight into patients' perspectives. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Action hand dystonia after cortical parietal infarction
Authors: Burguera J.A. , Bataller L. , Valero C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 46‐year‐old patient with a pure left cortical infarct affecting mainly the gyrus postcentralis developed action dystonia in the right hand. Mechanisms involved in the genesis of focal secondary dystonia are discussed with emphasis on abnormal cortical sensory processing. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
An analytical and numerical study of the Stefan problem with convection by means of an enthalpy method
Authors: Casella1 E. , Giangi M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a theoretical and numerical study of the Stefan problem with convection, described by the Navier–Stokes equations with no‐slip boundary conditions. The mathematical formulation adopted is based on the enthalpy method. The existence of a weak solution is proved in the bidimensional case. The numerical effectiveness of the model considered is confirmed by some numerical results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.