bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experience‐Related Conditions and Substance Use in Adolescents: A Secondary Analysis of Cross‐Sectional Survey Data
Authors: Jayawardene Wasantha , Lohrmann David , Agley Jon , Jun Mikyoung , Gassman Ruth 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cluster within children. In addition to standardized ACE measures, there exist “ACE‐related” measures that are either directly or indirectly related to the standardized ACE constructs. This study aimed to identify ACE‐related latent classes of adolescents and describe past‐month substance use in each class by sex and race/ethnicity.METHODSData from the 2018 Indiana Youth Survey (N = 70,703), which is a repeated self‐administered, cross‐sectional survey, were used. Latent class analysis was conducted using ACE‐related family (parent incarceration, insulting/yelling within family, inability to discuss personal problems) and school (hate being in school, feeling unsafe, inability to talk to teachers one‐on‐one) items. Dependent variable combined past 30‐day use‐frequency of 17 substances. Two‐way analysis of variances examined ACE by sex and race/ethnicity interaction.RESULTSFour ACE‐related classes emerged: “Family‐Only” (11.2%), “School‐Only” (16.5%), “Family‐School” (8.0%), and “No‐ACE” (64.3%). Substance use was highest in “Family‐School” (mean = 0.67); lowest in “No‐ACE” (mean = 0.21). Significant race/ethnicity (F = 27.06; p < .0001), ACE * sex interaction (F = 12.13; p < .0001) and ACE * race/ethnicity interaction (F = 4.57; p < .0001) effects emerged. Within each ACE‐related class, substance use was lowest for Asians and highest for Hispanics.CONCLUSIONSAdverse childhood experience‐related items cluster within children across school and family environments and clustering differs by race/ethnicity, but not by sex. Incorporating ACE‐related items into school surveys enhances the ability to implement interventions that target relationships between ACEs and substance use.
Implementing and evaluating patient‐focused safety technology on adult acute mental health wards
Authors: Kendal Sarah , Louch Gemma , Walker Lauren , Shafiq Saba , Halligan Daisy , Brierley‐Jones Lyn , Baker John 
Published: January 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject

Mental health wards can feel unsafe. We know that patients and staff have different ideas about what makes a hospital ward safe or unsafe.

Patients are often the first to know when the atmosphere on a ward becomes tense, but often, no one asks them for their views.

Patients and staff are experts and should be included in discussions about how to make wards safer.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

We got together with some service users and staff, and made an app that helps patients to tell staff when they are not feeling safe on a mental health ward. We tried it out on six wards and we asked patients and staff what they thought.

The app was easy to use and most people liked the look of it.

Patients said staff did not talk with them enough and so they liked using the app. However, some staff said they could tell how patients were feeling without an app and so they did not need it. Ward managers told us that staff were often very busy and did not always have time to use the app.

What are the implications for practice

This app could help staff know straightaway when patients do not feel safe on the ward, so that they can act quickly to calm things down.

To make the most of the app, staff need to get used to it and bring it into ward routines.

AbstractIntroductionSafety improvement on mental health wards is of international concern. It should incorporate patient perspectives.AimImplementation and evaluation of ‘WardSonar’, a digital safety‐monitoring tool for adult acute mental health wards, developed with stakeholders to communicate patients' real‐time safety perceptions to staff.MethodSix acute adult mental health wards in England implemented the tool in 2022. Evaluation over 10 weeks involved qualitative interviews (34 patients, 33 staff), 39 focused ethnographic observations, and analysis of pen portraits.ResultsImplementation and evaluation of the WardSonar tool was feasible despite challenging conditions. Most patients valued the opportunity to communicate their immediate safety concerns, stating that staff had a poor understanding of them. Some staff said the WardSonar tool could help enhanced ward safety but recognised a need to incorporate its use into daily routines. Others said they did not need the tool to understand patients' safety concerns.DiscussionForeseeable challenges, including staff ambivalence and practical issues, appeared intensified by the post‐COVID‐19 context.Implications for PracticeThe WardSonar tool could improve ward safety, especially from patients' perspectives. Future implementation could support staff to use the real‐time data to inform proactive safety interventions.
Pretransplant malignancy in pediatrics is not a risk factor for renal graft failure
Authors: Mandel Asher , Robinson Samuel G. , Peticca Benjamin , Prudencio Tomas M. , Karhadkar Sunil S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn adults, pretransplant malignancy (PTM) negatively impacts patient survival due to immunosuppression regimens influencing post‐transplantation tumor growth. Few reports investigate the outcomes of pediatric kidney transplantation with PTM. We compare transplant outcomes for pediatric patients with PTM to matched controls, including cancer types extending beyond Wilms tumor.MethodsThe United Network of Organ Sharing Database was queried to identify pediatric transplant recipients with histories of PTM. All PTM patients were matched to non‐PTM patients, at a 1:1 ratio, with 0.001 match tolerance. Matching variables included transplant year, recipient age, recipient gender, recipient race, donor type, and prior transplant. Death‐censored graft and patient survival were analyzed. All statistics were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAfter propensity matching, 285 PTM and 285 non‐PTM patients were identified, with transplant dates from 1990 to 2020. Median Kidney Donor Profile Index values were comparable between cohorts, 17% and 12%, respectively (p = .065). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that PTM patients did not have a significantly different rate of death‐censored graft failure, compared to the non‐PTM group [HR 0.76; 95% CI (0.54–1.1)]. There was also no difference in the overall survival between the two groups of patients [HR 1.1; 95% CI (0.66–2.0)].ConclusionA history of pediatric malignancy has minimal independent effect on their post‐transplant survival. Additionally, pediatric patients with PTM demonstrated equivalent rates of graft survival. Thus, in contrast to adults, renal failure in children with history of pediatric malignancies should not be considered a complicating factor for renal transplantation.
Far‐red active unsymmetrical squaraine dyes containing N‐arylated indoline donors for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Jadhav Avinash P. , Singh Ambarish Kumar , Pandya Rinu , Vanka Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Kothandam , Jayaraj Nithyanandhan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSquaraine dyes possess sharp far‐red active transition with high extinction coefficient and form aggregates on TiO2 surface. Aggregation of dyes on TiO2 has been considered as a detrimental factor for DSSC device performance, which can be controlled by appending alkyl groups to the dye structures. Hence by integrating alkylated (alkyl groups with both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane) aryl group with indoline moiety to make it compatible with other electrolytes and for controlling the dye‐aggregation, a series of squaraine acceptor‐based dyes SQA4‐6 have been designed and synthesized. SQA4‐6 dyes showed absorption between 642 and 653 nm (λmax), photophysical and electrochemical studies indicated that the HOMO energy levels of this sets of dyes are well aligned with the potentials of I−/ and [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ redox shuttles for better dye regeneration process. DSSC device efficiency of 3% has been achieved for SQA5 dye with iodolyte (I−/) electrolyte in the presence of 0.3 mM of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). The IPCE profile of DSSC device fabricated with SQA4‐6 dyes indicated the contribution of aggregated structures for the photocurrent generation.
Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of ultraviolet A1 treatment in early‐stage mycosis fungoides
Authors: Keskin Nuray , Temel Berkay , Adışen Esra , Aksakal Ahmet Burhan , Acar Elif , Erdem Özlem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground/PurposeMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas primarily involving the skin. Early‐stage MF is characterised by non‐specific skin lesions and non‐diagnostic biopsies. While skin‐focused treatments, such as PUVA and narrowband UVB (nbUVB), are the most frequently recommended treatments, the UVA1 efficacy has been researched in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of UVA1 treatment in patients with early‐stage MF.MethodsThe modified severity weighted assessment scale (mSWAT) was used for total skin body scoring before and after treatment. Skin punch biopsies were taken from the patients before and after treatment. UVA1 therapy was performed five times each week.ResultsThis study included 26 patients with early‐stage MF. The total number of UVA1 sessions varied between 15 and 34. Complete response was observed in 8 (30.8%) of 26 patients (30.8%). The median mSWAT score decreased statistically significantly from 7.1 to 2.0 after treatment (p < .001). Histopathological complete response was observed in 2 (9.5%) of 21 patients. A statistically significant decrease in dermal interstitial infiltrate was observed on histopathological examination after treatment (p = .039). Epidermal CD4/CD8 levels decreased statistically significantly higher from a median of 2.5–1.2 in the complete clinical response group after treatment (p = .043).ConclusionAccording to our results, UVA1 treatment has an effect on early‐stage MF in terms of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry.
International trade and income distribution: The effect of corporate governance regimes
Authors: Egger Hartmut , Egger Peter H. , Nelson Douglas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a model of corporate governance into the general oligopolistic equilibrium theory of international trade. Corporate governance defines the influence of workers and capital owners on manager contract and, through this contract, the scope of these two groups for subsequent rent extraction in the wage/employment negotiation between firms and unions. If capital owners have dictatorship over the manager contract, they can extract the full bargaining surplus and eliminate the union wage premium. If workers have dictatorship over the manager contract they can achieve a wage premium, driving the income of capital owners down to zero. In this setting, opening up to trade is to the detriment of the income group whose interests are decisive for the manager contract. This shows that distributional conflicts materializing from trade can be considerably different for countries with differing corporate governance regimes. Foreign investment allows capital owners in unionized industries to flee from disadvantageous corporate governance regimes at home, eliminating union wage premia and lowering manager remuneration in countries with corporate governance regimes that give workers dictatorship over manager contracts.
Exploring the comorbidity mechanisms between psoriasis and obesity based on bioinformatics
Authors: Gao Changyong , Li Jianhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous scaly lesions. Obesity is currently a major global health concern, increasing the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Since the correlation between psoriasis and obesity, as well as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, has been clinically evidenced, it is of certain clinical significance to explore the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of psoriasis with these conditions.Materials and methodsGene targets for both diseases were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) comprehensive gene expression database. Differential gene analysis, intersection gene analysis, construction and visualization of protein‐protein interaction networks (PPI) using R software, Cytoscape 3.8.2 software, online tools such as String, and enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed, with relevant graphics generated.ResultsAnalysis identified 29 intersecting genes between the two diseases, with 10 key targets such as S100A7 and SERPINB4. Enrichment analysis indicated their involvement in regulating biological processes such as leukocyte chemotaxis, migration, and chronic inflammatory responses through cellular structures such as intracellular vesicles and extracellular matrix. Molecular functions, including RAGE receptor binding, Toll‐like receptor binding, and fatty acid binding, were found to simultaneously regulate psoriasis and obesity.ConclusionPsoriasis and obesity may mutually influence each other through multiple targets and pathways, emphasizing the importance of considering comorbidity treatment and daily care in clinical practice.
Museomics, molecular phylogeny and systematic revision of the Eurepini crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Eneopterinae), with description of two new genera
Authors: He Shilin , Su You Ning , Tan Ming Kai , Zwick Andreas , Warren Ben H. , Robillard Tony 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNatural history collections worldwide house billions of specimens, representing one of the most globally important biobanks. In recent years, the advent of next‐generation sequencing has significantly reduced the challenges of obtaining considerable genetic information from historical museum specimens. Crickets in the Australian tribe Eurepini Robillard are a good example of a taxon in which such museomic data have particularly strong potential to advance systematic knowledge, because comprehensive sampling requires decades of work over a very wide area. The tribe currently comprises 64 described species in five genera. Previous studies conflict in the generic relationships inferred for this tribe, all of which are poorly resolved, being based on limited data and sampling. In addition, there has so far been no systematic research for this tribe with extensive taxon sampling, and therefore, the consequence for genus boundaries remains to be investigated. To investigate phylogenetic relationships within Eurepini, we first applied the genome skimming approach to obtain molecular data from a comprehensive sample of Eurepini museum specimens. Of the 69 specimens sampled representing 61 described species, mainly including holotype specimens, we obtained 50 complete and 11 partially complete mitogenomes. Three nuclear genes (H3, 18S, and 28S) were also partially recovered for nearly all of these specimens. Phylogenetic analyses performed with mitogenomes plus three nuclear genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference generated well‐supported and highly congruent topologies. Eurepini was strongly recovered monophyletic with eight well‐defined groups. These groups are used to revise the systematics of the tribe based on a combination of molecular phylogenetics and morphology. The phylogenetic results support the current definition of three genera (Eurepa Walker, Arilpa Otte & Alexander and Eurepella Otte & Alexander), lead us to redefine three genera (Salmanites Chopard, Napieria Baehr and Piestodactylus Saussure), and define and describe two new genera: Miripella Robillard, Tan & Su gen.nov. and Arrakis Robillard, Tan & Su gen.nov. Our results reinforce the importance of natural history collections as a repository for information on biodiversity and genetics, and provide the first comprehensive and robust phylogenetic framework for future systematic and evolutionary studies of Eurepini.
Mental Imagery to Reduce Alcohol-related harm in patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver damaGE: the MIRAGE randomised pilot trial results
Authors: Dhanda Ashwin , Andrade Jackie , Allende Hannah , Allgar Victoria , Bailey Matthew , Callaghan Lynne , Cocking Laura , Goodwin Elizabeth , Hawton Annie , Hayward Christopher , Hudson Ben , Ingram Wendy , Jeffery Alison , King Angela , Lavers Victoria , Lomax Joe , McCune C Anne , Musicha Crispin , Parker Richard , Rollinson Christopher , Wilks Jonny , Creanor E Siobhan 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe healthcare burden of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is increasing. ARLD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is best managed by reduction or cessation of alcohol use, but effective treatments are lacking. We tested whether people with ARLD and AUD admitted to hospital could be recruited to and retained in a trial of Functional Imagery Training (FIT), a psychological therapy that uses mental imagery to reduce alcohol craving. We conducted a multicentre randomised pilot trial of treatment as usual (TAU) versus FIT+TAU in people admitted to hospital with ARLD and AUD.DesignParticipants were randomised to TAU (a single session of brief intervention) or FIT+TAU (TAU with one hospital-based FIT session then eight telephone sessions over 6 months). Pilot outcomes included recruitment rate and retention at day 180. Secondary outcomes included fidelity of FIT delivery, alcohol use, and severity of alcohol dependence.ResultsFifty-four participants (mean age 49; 63% male) were recruited and randomised, 28 to TAU and 26 to FIT+TAU. The retention rate at day 180 was 43%. FIT was delivered adequately by most alcohol nurses. 50% of intervention participants completed FIT sessions 1 and 2. There were no differences in alcohol use or severity of alcohol dependence between treatment groups at day 180.ConclusionParticipants with ARLD and AUD could be recruited to a trial of FIT versus FIT+TAU. However, retention at day 180 was suboptimal. Before conducting a definitive trial of FIT in this patient group, modifications in the intervention and recruitment/retention strategy must be tested.Trial registration numberISRCTN41353774.
Odd-parity gravity waves from the Regge–Wheeler gauge perspective in the f(R, T) theory
Authors: Salti M. , Aydogdu O. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe mainly intend to discuss the odd-parity (or axial) modes of gravity (or gravitational) waves (GWs) in the Regge–Wheeler formalism. Since, there are plenty of astrophysical data that lead us to a space-time structure entered in a speedy expansion epoch, we perform our analysis in the f(R, T) theory of gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is written as an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and the trace of the stress-energy tensor T, from the rainbow formalism of gravity perspective. In our study, we start with perturbing the background metric, background material distribution and the four-velocity components via the Regge–Wheeler gauge. Subsequently, formulating the corresponding field equations for both unperturbed and perturbed forms of the spatially flat conformal Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker metric, we solve them simultaneously to find out exact expressions of the unknown perturbation functions. Also, we focus our attention on Huygens’ principle to discuss additional features of the odd-parity modes of GWs.
A result about the classification of quantum covariance matrices based on their eigenspectra
Authors: Avagyan Arik 
Published: January 2024

The set of covariance matrices of a continuous-variable quantum system with a finite number of degrees of freedom is a strict subset of the set of real positive-definite matrices (PDMs) due to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. This has the implication that, in general, not every orthogonal transform of a quantum covariance matrix (CM) produces a PDM that obeys the uncertainty principle. A natural question thus arises, to find the set of quantum covariance matrices consistent with a given eigenspectrum. For the special class of pure Gaussian states the set of quantum covariance matrices with a given eigenspectrum consists of a single orbit of the action of the orthogonal symplectic group. The eigenspectrum of a CM of a state in this class is composed of pairs that each multiply to one. Our main contribution is finding a non-trivial class of eigenspectra with the property that the set of quantum covariance matrices corresponding to any eigenspectrum in this class are related by orthogonal symplectic transformations. We show that all non-degenerate eigenspectra with this property must belong to this class, and that the set of such eigenspectra coincides with the class of non-degenerate eigenspectra that identify the physically relevant thermal and squeezing parameters of a Gaussian state.
Analyzing single-lane roundabout traffic and environmental impacts through cellular automaton: A focus on U-turn effects
Authors: Ez-Zahar A. , Lakouari N. , Oubram O. , Marzoug R. , Ez-Zahraouy H. 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we examine the impact of vehicles executing a full turn or U-turn in a single-lane roundabout system using a cellular automaton model. We investigate how increasing the number of these U-turning vehicles affects traffic flow characteristics and energy dissipation. Our findings reveal that as the prevalence of U-turning vehicles rises, the phase diagram undergoes significant changes; the maximum current phase expands, detrimentally impacting the free flow and congestion phases, while giving rise to a jamming phase. This shift results in a gradual increase in capacity at circulating lanes and a steady decline at entry/exit lanes. We also explore the role of aimless vehicles — those circulating without a fixed destination. As the proportion of such vehicles augments, it fosters an enlargement of the maximum current phase at the expense of the free flow and congestion phases. Furthermore, these vehicles influence energy dissipation across the three lanes of a roundabout. Significantly, we elucidate that variations in the percentage of these specific vehicular groups critically affect CO2 emissions. Our research unravels vital insights into optimizing roundabout management to enhance traffic flow and reduce environmental impact.
Para-Kähler and pseudo-Kähler structures on Lie–Yamaguti algebras
Authors: Zhao Jia , Feng Yuqin , Qiao Yu 
Published: January 2024

For a pre-Lie–Yamaguti algebra [Formula: see text], by using its sub-adjacent Lie–Yamaguti algebra [Formula: see text], we are able to construct a semidirect product Lie–Yamaguti algebra via a representation of [Formula: see text]. The investigation of such semidirect Lie–Yamaguti algebras leads us to the notions of para-Kähler structures and pseudo-Kähler structures on Lie–Yamaguti algebras, and also gives the definition of complex product structures on Lie–Yamaguti algebras. Furthermore, a Levi–Civita product with respect to a pseudo-Riemannian Lie–Yamaguti algebra is introduced and we explore its relation with pre-Lie–Yamaguti algebras.