bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of land redistribution on land management and productivity in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Benin S. , Pender J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe increasing problem of landlessness in Ethiopia has put pressure on regional governments to redistribute land. In 1997 and 1998, a major land redistribution was undertaken in the Amhara Region, reducing landlessness where implemented. While the impacts of such redistributions have been hotly debated, little empirical evidence exists concerning the actual impacts of redistribution. We find that land redistribution in the Amhara Region has had a positive impact on land productivity, by increasing access to land for farmers who are more interested or able to use purchased inputs such as fertilizer and herbicides. Our results, however, do not show much effect of the recent land redistribution or expectations of future redistribution on land improvement and management. Thus, to the extent that investments in land improvement are necessary for conservation purposes, it appears that policy change to stop land redistributions is unlikely to have a substantial impact on reducing land degradation. Credit and extension programmes and improving land rental markets, however, present better strategies for improving land management in this region of Ethiopia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long‐pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: II. Theoretical analysis
Authors: Majaron Boris , Verkruysse Wim , Kelly Kristen M. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of laser pulse duration and cryogen spray cooling (CSC) on epidermal damage and depth of collagen coagulation in skin resurfacing with repetitive Er:YAG laser irradiation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEvolution of temperature field in skin is calculated using a simple one‐dimensional model of sub‐ablative pulsed laser exposure and CSC. The model is solved numerically for laser pulse durations of 150 and 600 μsec, and 6 msec cryogen spurts delivered just prior to (“pre‐cooling”), or during and after (“post‐cooling”) the 600 μsec laser pulse.ResultsThe model indicates a minimal influence of pulse duration on the extent of thermal effect in dermis, but less epidermal damage with 600 μsec pulses as compared to 150 μsec at the same pulse fluence. Application of pre‐ or post‐cooling reduces the peak surface temperature after laser exposure and accelerates its relaxation toward the base temperature to a different degree. However, the temperature profile in skin after 50 msec is in either example very similar to that after a lower‐energy laser pulse without CSC.ConclusionsWhen applied in combination with repetitive Er:YAG laser exposure, CSC strongly affects the amount of heat available for dermal coagulation. As a result, CSC may not provide spatially selective epidermal protection in Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:131–137, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term results in the treatment of childhood hemangioma with the flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser: An evaluation of 617 cases
Authors: Hohenleutner Silvia , Badur‐Ganter Elke , Landthaler Michael , Hohenleutner Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePresenting the long‐term results of flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser treatment in 617 hemangiomas to evaluate this treatment modality.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn 548 children, 692 hemangiomas were treated with the flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser (FPDL) SPTL 1B (Candela Corporation, Wayland, MA). The objective of treatment was the inhibition of further growth or the induction of regression. The treatment results were documented by the treating physician as well as by means of a questionnaire delivered to the parents. A total of 617 treatment results could be evaluated.ResultsAfter 1–12 treatments (mean, 2.5), we could achieve our treatment objective to stop the further growth of the lesion in 96.6% of all hemangiomas. In 13.8%, the treatment resulted in a complete remission, a significant regression was seen in 14.9%, and 67.9% of the treated lesions showed a discontinuation of growth. The percentage of complete remission was especially high in small superficial (42.6%) and superficial (19%) hemangiomas.ConclusionIn the vast majority of the hemangiomas, it was possible to stop further progression or induce regression by FPDL treatment. Total regression could be achieved in nearly half of the small superficial hemangiomas. Because the treatment is fast, effective, and nearly without side effects, we recommend early laser treatment especially in superficial and small childhood hemangiomas. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:273–277, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family history information on essential tremor: Potential biases related to the source of the cases
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Barnes Livia F. , Ford Blair , Ottman Ruth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe proportion of essential tremor (ET) cases that can be attributed to genetic factors is unknown; estimates range from 17–100%. One possible reason for this variability is that clinic and community cases may differ with regard to family history of ET. This is because clinic patients are self‐selected and represent as few as 0.5% of all ET cases. Our goal was to determine whether ET cases ascertained from a clinic differed from those ascertained from a community in terms of the family history information that they provided. Subjects (57 clinic, 64 community) underwent a family history interview. Clinic cases were 4.73 times more likely to report an affected relative than were community cases. We conclude that there was a substantial difference between our clinic and community ET cases in terms of the information they provided regarding their family history. Selection and reporting biases could have accounted for this difference. Because of these biases, the source of the cases must be taken into consideration when investigators are trying to synthesize the widely variable results of studies that have estimated the genetic contribution to ET. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Speech Dysfluency Exacerbated by Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Winfield Linda , Fahn Stanley , Ford Blair 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of dopamine in the modulation of speech fluency is complex. In this report we describe two patients with Parkinson's disease whose speech dysfluency was exacerbated by the administration of levodopa. In doing so, we extend the observation that dopaminergic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of speech fluency. It is important for clinicians to recognize that, in some instances, dopaminergic replacement therapy may exacerbate an underlying dysfluency syndrome in PD.
Intravenous amantadine improves levadopa‐induced dyskinesias: An acute double‐blind placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Del Dotto Paolo , Pavese Nicola , Gambaccini Gianna , Bernardini Silvia , Metman Leonard Verhagen , Chase Thomas N. , Bonuccelli Ubaldo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental evidence suggests that glutamatergic receptor blockade may improve the motor response complications associated with long‐term levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Our objective was to evaluate the acute effect of amantadine, a noncompetitive antagonist of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor, on levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, and to gain further insights into the antidyskinetic mechanism of this drug. Nine PD patients with motor fluctuations and severely disabling peak of dose dyskinesias received their first morning levodopa dose, followed by a 2‐hour intravenous amantadine (200 mg) or placebo infusion, on two different days. Parkinsonian symptoms and dyskinesias were assessed every 15 minutes during the infusion and for 3 hours thereafter, while patients were taking their usual oral antiparkinsonian therapy, by means of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS, motor examination), tapping test, and a modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Intravenous amantadine acutely improved levodopa‐induced dyskinesias by 50%without any loss of the anti‐parkinsonian benefit from levodopa. This study confirms the antidyskinetic effect of amantadine and strengthens the rationale for using antiglutamatergic drugs in the treatment of parkinsonian motor fluctuations. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Myoclonus of peripheral origin: Case secondary to a digital nerve lesion
Authors: Martinez M. Seijo , Fontoira M. , Celester G. , Castro del Río M. , Permuy J. , Iglesias A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a patient with myoclonus of the left hand appearing 1 month after surgical correction of a stenosing tenosynovitis of the thumb. An extensive fibrosis of the external palmar digital nerve was shown, and the successful liberation of this median nerve terminal branch completely and rapidly eliminated the movement disorder. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Clinical features of parkinsonian patients with the α‐synuclein (G209A) mutation
Authors: Bostantjopoulou S. , Katsarou Z. , Papadimitriou A. , Veletza V. , Hatzigeorgiou G. , Lees A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe motor and neuropsychological abnormalities in eight Greek patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) carrying the α‐synuclein gene mutation (G209A) were studied. These patients (five men, three women) belonged to six different families. Their symptoms started between 32–50 years of age (mean ± SD, 39.7 ± 7.6 years) and they had a mean disease duration of 5.4 ± 2.1 years (range, 2–9 years) at the time of examination. Rigidity and bradykinesia predominated both at disease onset as well as in the later stages and rest tremor was relatively uncommon. Neuropsychological assessment showed that one patient was mildly demented while another had impairment in memory, visuoconstructive abilities, and executive function. Depression was present in only one patient. Our findings indicate that genetic forms of parkinsonism share common motor and cognitive characteristics with sporadic PD but raise the possibility that greater cognitive impairment and the relative rarity of tremor may be distinctive features worthy of further investigation. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Microsurgical anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap for facial contour correction in patients with hemifacial microsomia
Authors: Ji Ying , Li Teng , Shamburger Susan , Jin Ji , Lineaweaver William C. , Zhang Feng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe correction of facial asymmetry in complex hemifacial microsomia presents a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. Numerous microsurgical flaps have been introduced for reconstruction of facial asymmetry. This article reports our experience in facial soft tissue reconstruction with microsurgical anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap transfer in six patients with hemifacial microsomia. This flap, which has a reliable vascular pedicle and relatively thin pliable soft tissue, can provide an ideal treatment for facial asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:34–38 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22008
Compressible Navier–Stokes system in 1‐D
Authors: Mucha Piotr Bogusław 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe compressible barotropic Navier–Stokes system in monodimensional case with a Neumann boundary condition given on a free boundary is considered. The global existence with uniformly boundedness for large initial data and a positive force is proved. The result concerning an asymptotic behavior shows that the solutions tends to the stationary solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the implementation of adjacent channel interference suppression for direct digital six‐port receivers
Authors: Xu Yansheng , Bosisio Renato G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, practical approaches to implement the suppression of adjacent channel interference for direct digital six‐port receivers using compact integrated‐circuit dispersive delay lines are described and discussed in detail. Additional interference at the receiver output due to phase errors in the implementation is analyzed and calculated. Computer simulation results are provided, and further enhancement of the effectiveness of this suppression means is discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 376–379, 2002.
Cross‐polarization level reduction of broadband triangular patch antenna with dual L‐strip lines
Authors: Chiou Shr‐Hau , Lu Jui‐Han 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents a design for a dual L‐strip lines to excite a triangular patch antenna with a thick air substrate to obtain a wide operating bandwidth with cross‐polarization level reduction. The dual L‐strip lines are face‐to‐face with a 180°‐phase shift to cancel the cross‐polarization radiation. Experimental results show that the proposed triangular patch antenna can have wider impedance bandwidth and much reduced cross‐polarization radiation across the entire operating bandwidth, compared to the case with a single L‐strip line. The measured antenna gain of the proposed broadband patch antenna has about 2.5 dB greater than that of single L‐strip line feed design. Details of the proposed design and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 300–303, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10301
Beltrami field phasors are eigenvectors of 6×6 linear constitutive dyadics
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen the constitutive parameters of a linear, homogeneous, bianisotropic medium are arranged in a certain way as a 6×6 dyadic, it is shown that the eigenvectors of that dyadic may yield admissible Beltrami field phasors whose wavenumbers are directly proportional to the corresponding eigenvalues. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 127–128, 2001.
Radar image studies of an ocean‐like surface
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Johnson Joel T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh‐resolution radar images of a 1‐D ocean‐like surface are formed through back‐projection tomography. The surface profile is described by a Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum, and satisfies an impedance boundary condition. Backscatter results from 10 to 14 GHz excited by a tapered beam at incidence angles from 60 to 80° are considered. Radar images from approximate and numerical scattering models demonstrate dominant Bragg scattering components, small multiple interaction effects associated with the long‐wave portion of the surface spectrum, and significant polarization dependencies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 381–384, 2001.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of chamigrenes from Aplysia dactilomela
Authors: Kaiser Carlos R. , Pitombo Liane F. , Pinto Angelo C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStereochemical evaluation and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of the chamigrenes johnstonol (1), pacifenediol (2), pacifidiene (3), pacifenol (4), isolated from the Brazilian mollusc Aplysia dactilomela, were performed using 2D NMR techniques including COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC, combined with AMI calculations and 1H NMR spectrum simulations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural studies of benzophenanthridine alkaloid free bases by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Sečkářová Pavlína , Marek Radek , Dostál Jiří , Dommisse Roger , Esmans Eddy L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe free bases of eight quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (chelerythrine, sanguilutine, chelirubine, chelilutine, sanguirubine, sanguinarine, nitidine and fagaronine) were investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The pseudobases (the 6‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydro derivatives) were found to be the only products of the alkalization of these alkaloids using sodium carbonate in DMSO‐d6 solution. This observation differs from the measurements of preparative free bases in CDCl3 solution, where the structures of the bimolecular aminoacetals were unequivocally confirmed. According to the results obtained, in biological systems, in the presence of excess of water and ions, free bases of the investigated alkaloids are assumed to adopt the pseudobase (6‐hydroxy derivative) structure. In contrast, in less polar media (C6D6, CDCl3), the formation of the bimolecular aminoacetal structure is preferred. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VLA‐6 integrin distribution and calcium signalling in capacitated boar sperm
Authors: Barboni B. , Lucidi P. , Mattioli M. , Berardinelli P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious investigations showed that VLA‐6 integrin present on boar sperm membrane can induce acrosome reaction upon exposure to laminin accumulated in expanded cumuli (Mattioli et al., 1998. To further investigate this novel sperm egg‐recognition system, the authors studied the distribution of VLA‐6 integrin on the membrane of boar sperm throughout capacitation and following acrosome reaction, and analyzed intracellular Ca2+ changes occurring in spermatozoa exposed to laminin. Immunofluorescent localisation of VLA‐6 revealed a low proportion (nearly 22%) of positive cells in freshly ejaculated sperm, with integrin mainly concentrated in clustered spots. After 3 hr incubation most of the spermatozoa showed integrin molecules on the membrane, with three different labeling patterns: fluorescence localised on the edge of the acrosome (58.2 ± 14.2% of the cells); fluorescence uniformly spread over the whole sperm head (5.0 ± 1.9%) and finally fluorescence concentrated in clustered spots (7.6 ± 5.6%), as recorded in freshly ejaculated sperm. Twenty‐nine percent of cells did not show any distinct fluorescence. Following acrosome reaction sperm with fluorescence on the acrosomal region virtually disappeared and the proportion of unstained cells rose from 29.2 ± 9.2 to 69.0 ± 10.1%. Electron microscopy demonstrated that VLA‐6 integrin was exclusively located on the sperm membrane of intact spermatozoa. Confocal analysis showed that laminin triggers distinct Ca2+ raises, and that sperm exposed and kept in the presence of laminin fully retained their ability to rise intracellular Ca2+ in response to zona pellucida proteins. These data indicate that boar sperm accumulate VLA‐6 integrin on the membrane and concentrate it on the acrosomal region as capacitation progresses. Probably due to this compartmentalisation, sperm exposed to laminin experience a Ca2+ raise that originates in the anterior sperm head where it is more adequate for the induction of acrosome reaction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:322–329, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of cell cycle dependent kinases inhibitor on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes
Authors: Marchal Réjane , Tomanek Milan , Terqui Michel , Mermillod Pascal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of roscovitine, a potent inhibitor of cell cyclin kinases, to prevent meiotic resumption in porcine oocytes, and to test the subsequent fertilisability and developmental competence of these oocytes. Roscovitine blocked porcine oocytes at the GV stage during 22–44 hr of culture. This effect was dose‐dependent, and a concentration of 25 μM was sufficient to prevent meiotic resumption in 92±5% of the oocytes after 22 hr in the presence of EGF and FSH. Cumulus expansion was also inhibited under these conditions. The histone H1 kinase activity in oocytes was inhibited in a dose‐dependent way, and maintained at a basal level with 25 μM of roscovitine. Synthesis of proteins of 29, 47 and 79 kDa, normally synthesized during maturation, was inhibited too. All these effects were fully reversible. However, the kinetics of maturation were accelerated after roscovitine removal, and the acceleration was more pronounced after 44 hr of inhibition than after 22 hr. Fertilization of oocytes blocked for 22 hr before a 44 hr maturation was decreased compared to control, but was not different from that of oocytes matured for 66 hr. The developmental competence was decreased for the oocytes cultured for 66 hr, including or not an inhibition period, but it was less reduced for oocytes maintained under inhibition for 22 hr. Roscovitine may thus protect oocytes against the aging mechanisms responsible for developmental competence loss, but not against loss of fertilisability. In conclusion, roscovitine provides a useful tool to study the morphological and biochemical basis of porcine oocyte terminal differentiation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 65–73, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organisation of the cytoskeleton during in vitro maturation of horse oocytes
Authors: Tremoleda J.L. , Schoevers E.J. , Stout T.A.E. , Colenbrander B. , Bevers M.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeiotic maturation of mammalian oocytes is a complex process during which microfilaments and microtubules provide the framework for chromosomal reorganisation and cell division. The aim of this study was to use fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine changes in the distribution of these important cytoskeletal elements and their relationship to chromatin configuration during the maturation of horse oocytes in vitro. Oocytes were cultured in M199 supplemented with pFSH and eLH and, at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hr after the onset of culture, they were fixed for immunocytochemistry and stained with markers for microtubules (a monoclonal anti‐α‐tubulin antibody), microfilaments (AlexaFluor 488 Phalloidin) and DNA (TO‐PRO3). At the germinal vesicle stage, oocyte chromatin was amorphous and poorly condensed and the microfilaments and microtubules were distributed relatively evenly throughout the ooplasm. After germinal vesicle breakdown, the microtubules were aggregated around the now condensed chromosomes and the microfilaments had become concentrated within the oocyte cortex. During metaphase I, microtubules were detected only in the meiotic spindle, as elongated asters encompassing the aligned chromosomes, and, as maturation progressed through anaphase‐I and telophase‐I, the spindle assumed a more eccentric position and gradually rotated to assist in the separation of the homologous chromosomes and in the subsequent formation of the first polar body. During metaphase II, the meiotic spindle was a symmetrical, barrel‐shaped structure with two poles and with the chromosomes aligned along its midline. At this stage, microtubules were found intermingled with chromatin within the polar body and, although, the bulk of the microfilaments remained within the oocyte cortex, a rich domain was found overlying the spindle. Thus, during the in vitro maturation of horse oocytes both the microfilament and microtubular elements of the cytoskeleton were seen to reorganise dramatically in a fashion that appeared to enable chromosomal alignment and segregation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 260–269, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.