bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of II‐VI Thin Films by LP‐MOCVD Using Novel Single‐Source Precursors
Authors: Afzaal Mohammad , Crouch David , Malik Mohmmad A. , Motevalli Majid , O’Brien Paul , Park Jin‐Ho , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThin films of several zinc or cadmium chalcogenides have been deposited on glass substrates by low pressure metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition (LP‐MOCVD) using single‐source precursors, [M{(EPiPr2)2N}2] (M = CdII, ZnII and E = S, Se). X‐ray single crystal structures show that [Zn{(EPiPr2)2N}2] (E = S or Se) and [Zn{(SePPh2)2N}2] are tetrahedrally distorted. TGA analyses showed that the precursors are volatile, making them suitable for MOCVD studies. As‐deposited films were polycrystalline as confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and their morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Supramolecular Chemistry Based on [W3S4(H2O)6Cl3]+ − A Versatile Building Block
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Gerasko Olga A. , Dybtsev Danil N. , Chubarova Elena V. , Virovets Alexander V. , Vicent Cristian , Llusar Rosa , Fenske Dieter , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe cluster [W3S4(H2O)6Cl3]+ (which is present in solutions of [W3S4(H2O)9]4+ in 1−4 M HCl) reacts with the macrocyclic cavitand cucurbituril (C36H36N24O12) to form supramolecular adducts of 2:1 cluster/cucurbituril stoichiometry, where two portals of cucurbituril (which contains a water molecule in its cavity) are closed by two cluster cations. These aggregates are bound together in the solid by complementary hydrogen bonds between coordinated Cl− and the cations H9O4+ to give chains. Thus, a supramolecular architecture is achieved from three different but complementary building blocks. The packing of the chains affords a honeycomb structure (hexagonal symmetry) with channels (about 5.2 Å in diameter). The overall stoichiometry is (H9O4){[W3S4(H2O)6Cl3]2(C36H36N24O12)}Cl3·16.15H2O (1). [W3S4(H2O)6Cl3]+ reacts with SbCl3 in 6 M HCl to give cuboidal [W3(SbCl3)S4(H2O)6Cl3]+, which forms with the macrocyclic cavitand cucurbituril a 2:1 cluster/cucurbituril adduct − a discrete supramolecule consisting of five independent molecular units. In the solid it crystallizes as a salt of very rare anion [SbCl6]3− with the stoichiometry {[W3(SbCl3)S4(H2O)6Cl3]2(C36H36N24O12)}(SbCl6)2/3·12H2O (2). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Investigation of the Thermal Properties of [Cu20Se13(PEt3)12]
Authors: Eichhöfer Andreas , Fenske Dieter , Scheer Petra 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe mixed‐valence cluster [Cu20Se13(PEt3)12] has been synthesized by the reaction of CuCl and PEt3with Se(SiMe3)2. A powder‐diffraction pattern has revealed its crystalline purity and UV/Vis reflectance spectra display an intervalence band around 1200 nm. The solid‐state conversion of the cluster upon heating yields, even at moderate temperatures of around 100 °C, α‐Cu2Se and not a Cu3Se2phase that should be favoured in terms of the Cu/Se ratio of 3.1:2 in the cluster complex. This thermogravimetric analysis, coupled with mass spectrometry, shows that in addition to the labile phosphane ligands selenium atoms are cleaved as SePEt3during the consolidation process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Crystal Field Strengths, Nephelauxetic Effects, and Experimentally Based Molecular Orbital Schemes (in the f Range) of Selected Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Samarium(III)
Authors: Amberger Hanns‐Dieter , Reddmann Hauke , Jank Stefan , Lopes Maria Irene , Marques Noémia 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe absorption and luminescence spectra of pseudo (ψ) trigonal planar [Sm(η5‐C5H4tBu)3] (1), low symmetric [Sm(η5‐Cp)(η3‐Tp)(η2‐Tp)] (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl; Tp= hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borato) (2) as well as ψ trigonal pyramidal [Sm(η5‐C5H4tBu)3(THF)] (3), [Sm(η5‐Cp)3(THF)] (4) and [Sm(η5‐Cp)3(CNC6H11)] (5) have been measured at room and low temperatures. From the spectra obtained, truncated crystal field (CF) splitting patterns of these compounds could be derived, and simulated by fitting the parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian. On the basis of the CF parameters used, the global CF strengths experienced by the Sm3+central ions of complexes1−5, as well as the individual CF strength associated with one C5H4tBu−ligand are estimated. The obtained Slater parameters F2and the spin‐orbit coupling parameters ζ4fallow the insertion of compounds1−5into truncated nephelauxetic and relativistic nephelauxetic series. Besides, the experimentally based non‐relativistic and relativistic molecular orbital schemes (in the f range) of complexes1and, partly,3are set up and compared with the results of quantum chemical model calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Structure‐Dependent Electrochemical Behavior of Thienylplatinum(II) Complexes of N,N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Zhao Feng , Xu Xingling , Khoo Soo Beng , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: December 2003

Abstracttrans‐[Pt(MeCN)(PPh3)2(2‐thienyl)]BF4 (1) serves as a convenient precursor to bifunctional mononuclear trans‐[Pt(PPh3)2(η1‐N‐N)(2‐thienyl)]BF4 [N‐N = pyrazine (2); 2‐chloropyrazine, (3)] and dinuclear trans,trans‐[Pt2(PPh3)4(μ‐N‐N)(2‐thienyl)2](BF4)2 [(N‐N = 4,4′‐bipyridine (4); 4,4′‐vinylenedipyridine (5)] complexes. The nuclear selectivity is conveniently controlled by the choice of the heterocyclic ligands or spacers. Both structural types 3 and 5 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analyses. Their solution identities were established by positive‐ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (ESMS). The electroactivities of these complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Continuous CV scans of 4 and 5 revealed variations in the redox waves with the number of scans. While the initial oxidative scan exhibited only a broad, irreversible wave, further cycling showed the growth of two additional redox couples up to about the tenth cycle. The peak currents of these redox couples began to decay with prolonged potential cycling beyond the tenth cycle. These findings are consistent with the formation of electroactive oligomers/polymers, and this conclusion is supported by visible thin film formation on the electrodes. In contrast, the mononuclear complexes (2 and 3) do not show such behavior. The films formed were further studied by repetitive potential cycling and XPS. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Structure and Reactivity of Coordinatively Unsaturated Half‐Sandwich Iron, Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes
Authors: Jiménez‐Tenorio Manuel , Puerta M. Carmen , Valerga Pedro 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis review deals with the study of coordinatively unsaturated half‐sandwich iron, ruthenium and osmium complexes, in particular those bearing bulky phosphane ligands. The synthesis, properties and structure of neutral complexes of the type [(C5R5)MX(L)] and their cationic derivatives [(C5R5)M(L)2]+, are described here. We will also refer to related compounds containing hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligands, given the formal relationship existing between these and those containing cyclopentadienyl groups. In addition, we discuss the reactivity of these unsaturated species towards small molecules and alkynes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Study of the Reaction of Tridentate Ligands with Ferrocenyl Boronic Acid
Authors: Barba Victor , Xochipa Rubí , Santillan Rosa , Farfán Norberto 
Published: December 2003

AbstractEvaluation of the reactivity of eight tridentate ligands derived from amino alcohols and salicylaldehyde, 2‐hydroxyacetophenone, or 2‐hydroxybenzophenone with ferrocenyl boronic acid has shown that the reaction leads to both monomeric and dimeric ferrocenyl boronates. A coordinative N−B bond is essential to give the tetrahedral boron atoms that are responsible for the formation of heterobicyclic structures containing six, seven and ten members. The purity and identity of all compounds were unequivocally established by analytical and multinuclear (1H, 11B, 13C) magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. Furthermore, the structures of the dimeric (2a) and monomeric (5b) boron complexes were established by X‐ray diffraction analyses. The dimeric compound contains a ten‐membered ring in a boat−chair−boat conformation, while the monomeric compound has a seven‐membered ring with a chair conformation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Role of Spacers between Carboxylate Groups in Self‐Assembly Process: Syntheses and Characterizations of Two Novel Cadmium(II) Complexes Derived from Mixed Ligands
Authors: Wang Ruihu , Hong Maochun , Yuan Daqiang , Sun Yanqiong , Xu Lijin , Luo Junhua , Cao Rong , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwo novel cadmium(II) coordination polymers, [Cd2(bpda)2(dpe)]n (1) and [Cd2{(R)‐Hdmpa}2{(S)‐Hdmpa}2(dpe)3]n (2), [H2bpda = 1,1′‐biphenyl‐3,3′‐dicarboxylic acid, H2dmpa = 6,6′‐dimethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐dicarboxylic acid, and dpe = 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene] have been prepared by hydrothermal reactions of both Cd(NO3)2·4H2O and dpe with H2bpda and H2dmpa, respectively. 1 is a threefold interpenetrating three‐dimensional coordination network composed of paddle‐wheel tetracarboxylate dicadmium(II) units bridged by dpe. 2 affords an example of ligand self‐discrimination in an assembly process, in which dpe connects the [Cd{(R)‐Hdmpa}{(S)‐Hdmpa}] building units to generate a one‐dimensional ladder structure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Novel Supramolecular Frameworks Self‐Assembled from One‐Dimensional Polymeric Coordination Chains
Authors: Shi Xin , Zhu Guangshan , Fang Qianrong , Wu Gang , Tian Ge , Wang Renwei , Zhang Daliang , Xue Ming , Qiu Shilun 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe novel supramolecular frameworks [Cd(BDC)(phen)(H2O)]n (2) and [Cd2(HBTC)2(phen)2]2n·nCd(HBTC)(phen)2 (3) have been synthesized by reaction of the metal source Cd(phen)2(NO3)2 (1) with benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), respectively in a mixed solution of DMF/C2H5OH/H2O. The three‐dimensional supramolecular structure of 2 is constructed through hydrogen‐bond and aromatic π−π interactions between adjacent metal‐organic polymeric coordination chains. Conversely, interestingly, the supramolecular architecture 3 is formed by extending 1‐D metal‐organic polymeric coordination chains into a 3‐D framework by hydrogen‐bond interactions between polymeric coordination chains and metal‐organic coordination complexes instead of by interchain hydrogen‐bond interactions. Additionally, these three compounds exhibit strong fluorescence at room temperature in the solid state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of {[HNEt3]2n[Ag8Ag4/2(SC6H4tBu‐4)12]n·nC2H5OH} and Its Reaction Product with CS2
Authors: Tang Kaluo , Xie Xiangjin , Zhao Liang , Zhang Yaohua , Jin Xianglin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBy using an arylthiolate ligand with a substituent in the para‐position, 4‐tBuC6H4S−, the yellow silver‐thiolate complex {[HNEt3]2n[Ag8Ag4/2(SC6H4tBu‐4)12]n·nC2H5OH} (1) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 is ionic composed of [HNEt3]+ cations and a polymeric [Ag8Ag4/2(SC6H4tBu‐4)12]n2n− anion. Complex 1 reacts with CS2 in acetone to give a red pentaconta‐nuclear silver anionic cluster complex {[HNEt3]4[Ag50S7(SC6H4tBu‐4)40]·2CS2· 6C3H6O} (2). The core of the anionic cluster of 2 consists of fifty silver atoms and forty seven sulfur atoms, shaped like a discus with a diameter of ca. 2.0 nm. The factors influencing the structure and the formation mechanism of the large cluster are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Homo‐ and Heteronuclear Complexes of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) Bearing Bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)phenylphosphane
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Kosaka Yosuke , Tsutsumi Yoshihiro , Kaburagi Yoshihiro , Kuge Katsuaki , Sunada Yusuke , Tatsumi Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2003

AbstractReaction of [Cp*RhCl2]2 (1) with bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)phenylphosphane (dpmp) in the presence of KPF6 generated the mono‐ or bi‐nuclear complexes [(Cp*RhCl)(dpmp‐P,P,P)(RhCl2Cp*)](PF6) (2) or [Cp*RhCl(dpmp‐P,P)](PF6) (3), depending on the reaction conditions. These complexes have two chiral centers at Rh and the central P atoms, and the diastereomers were separated by successive recrystallization. The structures of 2(B) with an RRhSP/SRhRP pair and 3(A) with an RRhSP/SRhRP pair were elucidated by X‐ray analyses. Reaction of 1 with an excess of dpmp in the presence of Ag(OTf) generated a hetero‐tetranuclear complex [{Cp*RhCl2(dpmp‐P,P,P)Ag}2](OTf)2 (4). An X‐ray analysis revealed that each Cp*RhCl2 moiety is connected by a terminal P1 atom of the dpmp ligand and each Ag atom is two‐coordinate and is surrounded by another terminal P3 atom, and a central P*2 atom of the other dpmp ligand. A mixture of 1 and dpmp was treated with Au(SC4H8) or CuCl in the presence of KPF6, generating the hetero‐tetranuclear complexes [{Cp*RhCl2(dpmp‐P,P,P)M}2](PF6)2 (7: M = Au; 8: M = Cu), in which the structures, except for the Cl‐bridged structure of 8, are fundamentally similar to that of 4. These complexes were also prepared by the reactions of 3 with Au(SC4H8) or CuCl. Complex 3 reacted with AgOTf to afford [Cp*Rh(dpmp‐P,P,P)](OTf)2 (5). Treatment of 3(A) (a diastereomer with an RRhSP2/SRhRP2 pair) with 1, [(p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 or PdCl2(cod) gave [Cp*RhCl(dpmp‐P,P,P)RhCl2Cp*](PF6) (2) or [Cp*RhCl(dpmp‐P,P,P)RuCl2(p‐cymene)](PF6) (6), respectively. These addition reactions proceeded stereoselectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Formation and Reactivity of Gaseous Iron‐Sulfur Clusters
Authors: Koszinowski Konrad , Schröder Detlef , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe gas‐phase reactions of Fen+ clusters, n = 1−6, with COS and CS2 have been investigated by means of Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Whereas CS2 predominantly substitutes one Fe atom, COS exclusively affords multiple sulfur transfer and thus opens a synthetic route to gaseous FenSx+ clusters. In the final products such as Fe2S2+, Fe3S2+, and Fe4S4+, the sulfur atoms appear to occupy multiple coordination sites much like in the analogous biogeneous iron‐sulfur clusters. Bracketing experiments find IE(Fe2S2) = 7.2±0.3 eV besides providing upper limits for IE(Fe3S2) and IE(Fe4S4). In accordance with the low IE(Fe2S2), Fe2S2+ does not activate H2 or small hydrocarbons and only exhibits rather limited reactivity towards more reactive substrates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Functionalization of Polyoxometalates by a Negatively Charged Bridging Ligand: The Dimeric [(SiW11O39Ln)2(μ‐CH3COO)2]12− (Ln = GdIII, YbIII) Complexes
Authors: Mialane Pierre , Dolbecq Anne , Rivière Eric , Marrot Jérôme , Sécheresse Francis 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe possibility of coupling lacunary polyoxometalates through a cationic center present in the vacancy by negatively charged organic ligands is demonstrated for the first time by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure of the dimeric K12[{Yb(α‐SiW11O39)(H2O)}2(μ‐CH3COO)2]·38H2O complex, where two acetato ligands connect the ytterbium centers in a (η2, μ‐1,1) fashion, is reported. Using gadolinium instead of ytterbium, both the isostructural dimeric compound K12[{Gd(α‐SiW11O39)(H2O)}2(μ‐CH3COO)2]·38H2O and the mononuclear sandwich complex [Gd(SiW11O39)2]13− can be selectively isolated, depending on the synthetic conditions. The magnetic properties of the dimeric gadolinium complex are presented. The influence of the nature of the rare‐earth metal on the final compound is further highlighted by the fact that when praseodymium is used as the rare‐earth element, only the sandwich compound can be obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Functionalization of Polyoxometalates by a Negatively Charged Bridging Ligand: The Dimeric [(SiW11O39Ln)2(μ‐CH3COO)2]12− (Ln = GdIII, YbIII) Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1/2004)
Authors: Mialane Pierre , Dolbecq Anne , Rivière Eric , Marrot Jérôme , Sécheresse Francis 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows the synthetic pathway leading to the first polyoxometalate complex where two subunits are linked by negatively charged organic ligands via a cationic center present inside the polyoxometalate. The strategy used, together with the influence of the nature of the rare earth and the ligand concentration on the final product, are developed in the Short Communication by P. Mialane et al. on p. 33 ff.
Indicator Free DNA Hybridization Detection by Impedance Measurement Based on the DNA‐Doped Conducting Polymer Film Formed on the Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrode
Authors: Cai Hong , Xu Ying , He Pin‐Gang , Fang Yu‐Zhi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA new biosensing strategy for direct electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization by AC impedance measurement is described. The indicator or label free approach was developed on the basis of the carbon nanotubes coupled with a conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy). Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic group (MWNTs‐COOH) were modified on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the oligonucleotide probes were doped within the electro‐polymerized PPy films by serving as the sole counter anion during the growth of the conducting films. Before and after hybridization reaction with the complementary DNA sequences, a decrease of impedance values was observed as a result of the reduction of the electrode resistance. Hybridization amounts of the one‐base, two‐base and three‐base mismatched sequences were obtained only in a 51%, 18% and 8.2% response when compared to that for the complementary matched sequence. Such unique response is attributed to the concomitant conductivity changes of the PPy‐polymerized carbon nanotubes, and offers great promise for reagentless DNA hybridization analysis.
Performance of Poly(styrenesulfonate)‐Coated Thin Mercury Film Electrodes in the Determination of Lead and Copper in Estuarine Water Samples of High Salinity
Authors: Monterroso Sandra C. C. , Carapuça Helena M. , Duarte Armando C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThin mercury film electrodes coated with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS‐TMFE) were prepared by solvent evaporation of an aqueous solution of the polymer onto a glassy carbon electrode followed by electrolytic deposition of the mercury film through the polymer layer. The performance of these polymer modified mercury film electrodes is evaluated in a NaCl solution using lead(II) as a model heavy metal cation. This new methodology presents an improved sensitivity, mechanical stability, reproducibility, repeatibility and increased efficiency against surfactants when comparing to the conventional TMFE. Square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry at the ex situ mercury plated PSS‐TMFE was successfully applied to the determination of total and labile amounts of lead and copper in estuarine water samples of variable and high salinity (23.5‰–35.0‰). Concentrations in the nanomolar region can be easily assessed using a 3 minutes accumulation time with low relative standard deviations (less than 3%).
Study on Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry of Trace Cobalt at Bismuth Film Electrodes
Authors: Krolicka Agnieszka , Bobrowski Andrzej , Kalcher Kurt , Mocak Jan , Svancara Ivan , Vytras Karel 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBismuth film electrodes (BiFE) prepared by plating a glassy carbon support ex situ from a solution containing 0.5 M LiBr and 1 M HCl was tested for the determination of cobalt traces using adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) and catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV). AdSV enables one to determine cobalt as the Co(II)‐dimethylglyoximate (Co‐DMG) complex down to 0.3 μg/L Co. Addition of NaNO2 to the solution containing dimethylglyoxime in ammonia buffer provides a 15‐fold enhancement of the voltammetric signal of cobalt due to the catalytic effect occurring during the reduction of Co(II)‐DMG. Utilization of the bismuth film electrode under optimized conditions assures a stable catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric response for Co, with an extremely high sensitivity (1.75 μA/(μg/L)), good precision (RSD=3%), and a low detection limit (0.07 μg/L Co with 60 s of adsorptive accumulation). The results of the measurement of the catalytic cobalt response in the presence of DMG and nitrite under hydrodynamic amperometric conditions have shown the BiFE to be an attractive and suitable tool for the rapid determination of cobalt at low μg/L level in both batch and flow systems.
Square‐Wave Quantification of Lead in Rainwater with Disposable Gold Electrodes Without Removal of Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Richter Eduardo M. , Pedrotti Jairo J. , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOnly a few authors describe the use of gold electrodes for trace levels of lead quantification. In this work a sensitive and reliable procedure to the quantification of lead at trace levels by stripping analysis utilizing gold electrodes was developed. It was observed that the presence of chloride ions plays an essential role for lead deposition. Under this condition, the content of lead in rainwater was quantified utilizing disposable gold electrodes (CDtrodes), without removal of the dissolved oxygen. CDtrodes possess very flat surface, high crystalline homogeneity, very clean surface and present great performance for lead quantification in presence of hydrochloric acid. A special cell was designed to work with small volumes of samples (0.5 to 1.0 mL), an important condition to analyze small amounts of rain. Finally, the rapid scanning propitiated by the use of square‐wave stripping voltammetry, coupled with blank subtraction eliminates the effect of the dissolved oxygen on the final result. Various experimental parameters were optimized to allow convenient monitoring of lead concentrations (in trace levels) with relatively short deposition times. Linear calibration plots were obtained for different concentration ranges (using different deposition times). A detection limit of 80 ng L−1 (or 80 ppt) of lead was estimated when a deposition period of 300 s was used. During this work, a reliable procedure for electrochemical cleanup of gold surfaces was also developed. The proposed method was tested for certified samples and employed for lead analysis in rainwater samples in São Paulo City.
Stable and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Phenolic Compounds at Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Wang Joseph , Deo Randhir P. , Musameh Mustafa 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCarbon‐nanotube modified glassy‐carbon electrodes are used for enhancing the stability and sensitivity of voltammetric and amperometric measurements of phenolic compounds. Cyclic voltammetric experiments indicate that the redox process involves the formation of a surface‐confined layer that promotes (rather than inhibits) the phenol oxidation. The amperometric response of the coated electrodes is highly stable, with 85% of the initial activity remaining after 30 min stirring of a 2×10−4 M phenol solution (compared to complete inhibition of the redox process within 6 min at the bare surface). Similar stability improvements were observed for different phenolic compounds and different concentrations of such compounds. The modified electrodes display greatly enhanced current signals in cyclic voltammetric and amperometric experiments.