bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmin-cleaved von Willebrand factor as a biomarker for microvascular thrombosis
Authors: El Otmani Hinde , Frunt Rowan , Smits Simone , Barendrecht Arjan D. , de Maat Steven , Fijnheer Rob , Lenting Peter J. , Tersteeg Claudia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an essential contributor to microvascular thrombosis. Physiological cleavage by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) limits its prothrombotic properties, explaining why ADAMTS13 deficiency leads to attacks of microthrombosis in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We previously reported that plasminogen activation takes place during TTP attacks in these patients. Furthermore, stimulation of plasminogen activation attenuates pathogenesis in preclinical TTP models in vivo. This suggests that plasmin is an endogenous regulator of VWF thrombogenicity, in particular when ADAMTS13 falls short to prevent microvascular occlusions. VWF cleavage by plasmin is biochemically distinct from cleavage by ADAMTS13. We hypothesized that plasmin-cleaved VWF (cVWF) holds value as a biomarker of microvascular thrombosis. Here, we describe the development of a variable domain of heavy-chain-only antibody (VHH)-based bioassay that can distinguish cVWF from intact and ADAMTS13-cleaved VWF in plasma. We validate this assay by tracking cVWF release during degradation of microthombi in vitro. We demonstrate that endogenous cVWF formation takes place in patients with TTP during acute attacks of thrombotic microangiopathy but not in those in remission. Finally, we show that therapeutic plasminogen activation in a mouse model of TTP amplifies cVWF formation, which is accompanied by VWF clearance. Our combined findings indicate that cVWF is released from microthrombi in the context of microvascular occlusion.
Differential gene expression and microRNA profile in corpora allata-corpora cardiaca of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with weak juvenile hormone signalling
Authors: Qi Zhi , Etebari Kayvan , Nouzova Marcela , Noriega Fernando G. , Asgari Sassan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe corpora allata-corpora cardiaca (CA-CC) is an endocrine gland complex that regulates mosquito development and reproduction through the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH). Epoxidase (Epox) is a key enzyme in the production of JH. We recently utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to establish an epoxidase-deficient (epox−/−) Aedes aegypti line. The CA from epox−/− mutants do not synthesize epoxidated JH III but methyl farneosate (MF), a weak agonist of the JH receptor, and therefore have reduced JH signalling. Illumina sequencing was used to examine the differences in gene expression between the CA-CC from wild type (WT) and epox−/− adult female mosquitoes. From 18,034 identified genes, 317 were significantly differentially expressed. These genes are involved in many biological processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, energy metabolism, and nutritional uptake. In addition, the same CA-CC samples were also used to examine the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of epox−/− and WT mosquitoes. A total of 197 miRNAs were detected, 24 of which were differentially regulated in epox−/− mutants. miRNA binding sites for these particular miRNAs were identified using an in silico approach; they target a total of 101 differentially expressed genes. Our results suggest that a lack of epoxidase, besides affecting JH synthesis, results in the diminishing of JH signalling that have significant effects on Ae. aegypti CA-CC transcriptome profiles, as well as its miRNA repertoire.
Association of changes in frailty status with the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in older people: results from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Authors: Wang Ziqiong , Ruan Haiyan , Li Liying , Song Ningying , He Sen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Few studies have investigated the association between changes in frailty status and all-cause mortality, inconsistent results were reported. What’s more, studies that evaluated the effect of changes of frailty on cardiovascular death in older population are scanty. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the association of such changes with the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in older people, using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).

Methods
A total of 2805 older participants from two consecutive waves (i.e. 2011 and 2014) of the CLHLS were included for analysis. Based on the changes in frailty status from wave 2011 to wave 2014, participants were categorized into 4 subgroups, including sustained pre/frailty, robustness to pre/frailty, pre/frailty to robustness and sustained robustness. Study outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death, and Cox regression analysis examined the association of changes in frailty status with outcomes.

Results
From wave 2011 to wave 2014, 33.2% of the participants had frailty transitions. From wave 2014 to wave 2018, there were 952 all-cause mortalities and 170 cardiovascular deaths during a follow-up of 9530.1 person-years, and Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that cumulative incidences of the two outcomes were significantly lower in more robust participants (all log-rank p < 0.001). Compared with the subgroup of sustained pre/frailty, the fully adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.51–0.73, p < 0.001), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.42–0.63, p < 0.001) and 0.41 (0.34–0.49, p < 0.001) in the subgroup of robustness to pre/frailty, the subgroup of pre/frailty to robustness, and the subgroup of sustained robustness, respectively. The fully adjusted HRs of cardiovascular death were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.52–1.19, p = 0.256) in the subgroup of robustness to pre/frailty, 0.45 (95% CI: 0.26–0.76, p = 0.003) in the subgroup of pre/frailty to robustness and 0.51 (0.33–0.78, p = 0.002) in the subgroup of sustained robustness when comparing to the subgroup of sustained pre/frailty, respectively. Stratified analysis and extensive sensitivity analyses revealed similar results.

Conclusions
Frailty is a dynamic process, and improved frailty and remaining robust are significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in older people.
Characteristics of renal pathology and coagulation function in IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis associated nephritis
Authors: Wang Yinhong , Wang Hao , Ma Xiaotao , Zhu Zikun , Tian Xuefei , Fu Rongguo , Jia Lining 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical and pathological differences between patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis associated nephritis (IgAVN).

Methods
A total of 253 patients with IgAN and 71 patients with IgAVN were retrospectively included in the study, and clinical and laboratory data were collected and analysed.

Results
Compared with IgAVN group, months from onset to kidney biopsy were significantly prolonged in IgAN patients because of the lack of obvious symptoms such as rash, abdominal symptoms, and joint pain (13.5 ± 26.6 vs. 10.2 ± 31.6 months, P = 0.007), and the levels of serum creatinine (92.3 ± 94.7 vs. 68.9 ± 69.2 µmol/L, P = 0.015) was higher and eGFR (99.1 ± 35.2 vs. 123.4 ± 41.8 mL/min/1.73m2, P < 0.001) was lower in IgAN group. The pathological results revealed that patients with IgAN have a greater degree of chronic kidney injury compared to patients with IgAVN. In addition, the levels of plasma D-Dimers (1415.92 ± 1774.69 vs. 496.78 ± 711.91 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) (3.92 ± 4.73 vs. 1.63 ± 2.46 µg/mL, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in IgAVN patients than in IgAN patients. The deposition of fibrinogen in the renal tissues was more severe and the cumulative partial remission rate was higher in patients with IgAVN as compared to those with IgAN (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
In comparison, IgAN patients had poorer renal function, whereas IgAVN patients had more severe coagulation abnormalities. These findings provide a basis for the differentiation of the two diseases at an early stage.
Development of a risk assessment model for cardiac injury in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia based on a multicenter, real-world analysis in China
Authors: Ma Linlu , Wang Qian , Li Xinqi , Shang Yufeng , Zhang Nan , Wu Jinxian , Liang Yuxing , Chen Guopeng , Tan Yuxin , Liu Xiaoyan , Yuan Guolin , Zhou Fuling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies have revealed that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are prone to combined cardiac injury. We aimed to identify hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients before chemotherapy and develop a personalized predictive model.

Methods
The population baseline, blood test, electrocardiogram, echocardiograph, and genetic and cytogenetic data were collected from newly diagnosed AML patients. The data were subdivided into training and validation cohorts. The independent risk factors were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively, and data dimension reduction and variable selection were performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models. The nomogram was generated and the reliability and generalizability were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curves in an external validation cohort.

Results
Finally, 499 AML patients were included. After univariate logistic regression, LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, abnormal NT-proBNP, NPM1 mutation, WBC, and RBC were independent risk factors for cardiac injury in AML patients (all P < 0.05). The nomogram was constructed based on the above four variables with high accuracy. The area under the curve was 0.742, 0.750, and 0.706 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve indicated that the model has good testing capability. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the higher the risk of combined cardiac injury in AML patients, the lower their probability of survival.

Conclusions
This prediction nomogram identifies hematological risk factors associated with cardiac injury in newly diagnosed AML patients and can help hematologists identify the risk and provide precise treatment options.
All-cause, premature, and cardiovascular death attributable to socioeconomic and ethnic disparities among New Zealanders with type 1 diabetes 1994–2019: a multi-linked population-based cohort study
Authors: Yu Dahai , Cai Yamei , Osuagwu Uchechukwu Levi , Pickering Karen , Baker John , Cutfield Richard , Orr-Walker Brandon J. , Sundborn Gerhard , Wang Zheng , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
New Zealand (NZ) research into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mortality can inform policy and future research. In this study we aimed to quantify the magnitude to which ethnicity and socioeconomic disparities influenced mortality at the population level among people with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ).

Methods
The cohort data were derived from the primary care diabetes audit program the Diabetes Care Support Service (DCSS), and linked with national primary care, pharmaceutical claims, hospitalisation, and death registration databases. People with T1DM enrolled in DCSS between 1994–2018 were included. All-cause, premature, and cardiovascular mortalities were estimated by Poisson regression models with adjustment for population-level confounders. The mortality rates ratio (MRR) was standardized against the DCSS type 2 diabetes population. Mortality rates were compared by ethnic group (NZ European (NZE) and non-NZE) and socioeconomic deprivation quintile. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated for ethnic and socioeconomic disparities by Cox regression adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. The adjusted slope index inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were used to measure the socioeconomic disparity in mortalities.

Results
Overall, 2395 people with T1DM (median age 34.6 years; 45% female; 69% NZE) were enrolled, among whom the all-cause, premature and CVD mortalities were 6.69 (95% confidence interval: 5.93–7.53), 3.30 (2.77–3.90) and 1.77 (1.39–2.23) per 1,000 person-years over 25 years. The overall MRR was 0.39 (0.34–0.45), 0.65 (0.52–0.80), and 0.31 (0.24–0.41) for all-cause, premature and CVD mortality, respectively. PAF attributable to ethnicity disparity was not significantly different for mortality. The adjusted PAF indicated that 25.74 (0.84–44.39)% of all-cause mortality, 25.88 (0.69–44.69)% of premature mortality, 55.89 (1.20–80.31)% of CVD mortality could be attributed to socioeconomic inequality. The SII was 8.04 (6.30–9.78), 4.81 (3.60–6.02), 2.70 (1.82–3.59) per 1,000 person-years and RII was 2.20 (1.94–2.46), 2.46 (2.09–2.82), and 2.53 (2.03–3.03) for all-cause, premature and CVD mortality, respectively.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that socioeconomic disparities were responsible for a substantial proportion of all-cause, premature and CVD mortality in people with T1DM in Auckland, NZ. Reducing socioeconomic barriers to management and self-management would likely improve clinical outcomes.
A comparative study of bronchodilator response: utilizing pre-bronchodilator versus predicted normal values
Authors: Alexis Afe , Punjabi Naresh M. , Grealis Kyle , Wanner Adam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
A positive bronchodilator response has been defined as a 12% increase in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) from their respective pre-bronchodilator values, combined with at least a 0.2 L absolute change. Recent recommendations suggested the use of the percent change in FEV1 and FVC relative to their predicted normal values without having applied them in patients with airflow obstruction. The aim of the current study was to compare the two approaches over a wide range of pre-bronchodilator FEV1 and FVC values.

Methods
A retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing spirometry and bronchodilator testing was completed. The change in FEV1 and FVC with a bronchodilator was expressed relative to the pre-bronchodilator and predicted normal FEV1 and FVC.

Results
In 1,040 patients with a non-paradoxical change in FEV1, 19.0% had a ≥ 12% change in FEV1 using their pre-bronchodilator value compared to 5.7% using their predicted normal value. For FVC, the respective values were 12.7% vs. 5.8%. The difference was retained in patients with a ≥ 0.2 L change in FEV1 or FVC. In unobstructed patients, the upper threshold (two standard deviations above the mean) of the bronchodilator response was 14% for FEV1 and 10% for FVC using predicted normal values.

Conclusions
Expressing the percent change in FEV1 and FVC relative to predicted normal values reduces the over-estimation of the bronchodilator response, especially in patients with a very low pre-bronchodilator FEV1, including in those with a ≥ 0.2 L change in FEV1. Irrespective of pre-bronchodilator values, a ≥ 14% change in FEV1 and ≥ 10% change in FVC relative to the predicted normal values could be considered a positive bronchodilator response.
Oral health-related quality of life among people living with HIV and HIV-negative adults in Kigali, Rwanda: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Murererehe Julienne , Malele-Kolisa Yolanda , Niragire François , Yengopal Veerasamy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Assessing health-related quality of life has become integral to people living with HIV (PLHIV) follow-up. However, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of oral health on quality of life, known as Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals in Rwanda.

Aim
The study aimed to assess OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative counterparts in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods
The Oral Health Impact Profile short version (OHIP-14) questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 200 PLHIV and 200 HIV-negative adults (≥ 18 years old) at an HIV clinic of Kigali Teaching Hospital (CHUK). Socio-demographic characteristics, including age, sex, occupation, and socioeconomic status (SES) of participants, were collected using a survey questionnaire. A 4-point Likert scale was used to assess the frequency of oral impacts for all 14 items within 7 domains of the OHIP tool. The descriptive statistics were used to see frequencies and percentages of OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative persons, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of OHRQoL with caries (DMFT) and periodontal disease (CPITN) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals.

Results
The results revealed a higher prevalence of PLHIV with poor OHRQoL than HIV-negative individuals in 5 domains and almost all items of OHIP-14 except for the OHIP 3 (found it uncomfortable to eat any foods because of problems with teeth or mouth) and OHIP-14 (being totally unable to function because of problems with teeth or mouth). The findings showed statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.05) for the OHIP1 item “trouble pronouncing any word,” with a prevalence of 2.5% (n = 11) and 2.25% (n = 9) in PLHIV and HIV-negative, respectively. Also, PLHIV had a significantly higher prevalence, 2.75% (n = 11) for the OHIP 13 item “life not satisfying due to teeth and mouth problems compared to HIV-negative individuals 2% (8) p ≤ 0.05. Moreover, dental caries was significantly associated with poor OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults and for all 14 items of the OHIP tool. Periodontal disease was not significantly associated with OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults.

Conclusion
This study revealed poor OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative adults. There is a need for further longitudinal studies to investigate the OHRQoL in Rwanda, especially among PLHIV. It is essential to include oral health care as one of the components of the medical health care programs for PLHIV in Rwanda.
Delayed vs. immediate placement of restorative materials over Biodentine and RetroMTA: a micro-shear bond strength study
Authors: Celiksoz Ozge , Irmak Ozgur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of various restorative materials applied on two different fast-setting calcium silicate-based materials and to evaluate the effect of restoration time on µSBS.

Methods
A total of 180 acrylic blocks with a cavity in the center were randomly divided into 2 main groups according to the capping material to be used (Biodentine or RetroMTA). The specimens were also randomly divided into 3 groups according to the restoration time (3 min, 12 min, 24 h). After the specified waiting periods, glass hybrid material (EQUIA Forte HT), resin composite (Filtek Z550) and light-cured calcium silicate material (Theracal LC) were placed on the specimens with tygon tubes. The specimens were kept for 24 h and then subjected to µSBS test. Statistical analysis was performed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).

Results
There is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the µSBS values obtained by applying resin composite on RetroMTA after different setting times (24 h > 12 min > 3 min). The µSBS obtained for the Biodentine-resin composite at the end of the 3 min setting time is significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the µSBS values at 12 min and 24 h. For both calcium silicate cements, at the end of all time periods, the µSBS obtained when resin composite was applied at the end was higher than the other materials (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
For Biodentine-resin composite bonding, the manufacturer’s recommendation of 12 min can be considered an appropriate time, whereas for RetroMTA-resin composite bonding, the µSBS increased as the waiting time increased. Regardless of the waiting time, it is recommended to prefer direct composite resin restoration over Biodentine and RetroMTA.
Clinical nurses’ work-life balance prediction due to patient safety incidents using classification and regression tree analysis: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Kang Jiwon , Kwon Soon-Sun , Lee Youngjin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient safety incidents lead to performance difficulties for nurses when providing nursing practice. This affects work-life balance and causes second and third-victimization. This study predicts factors affecting clinical nurses’ work-life balance due to patient safety incidents using classification and regression tree analysis techniques.

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of data from a cohort research project, which used a descriptive survey for data collection. Participants comprised 372 nurses. Data were collected using SurveyMonkey, a mobile-based survey software solution, from January to September 2021. Data included the general characteristics of clinical nurses, second damage, second damage support, third damage, and work-life balance. The specific variables included in the analysis chosen through rigorous Lasso analysis form the foundation for predicting work-life balance. Variables with low explanatory power were excluded, thereafter, the variables selected by Lasso were analyzed with a classification and regression tree model to predict work-life balance.

Results
A regression tree was applied to predict work-life balance using seven variables—education level, marital status, position, physical distress, second-victim support, turnover intentions, and absenteeism (selected through Lasso analysis). After pruning, at tree size four, when turnover intentions were < 4.250, physical distress < 2.875, and second-victim support < 2.345, the predicted work-life balance was 3.972. However, when turnover intentions were < 4.250, physical distress < 2.875, and second-victim support ≥ 2.345, then the predicted work-life balance was 2.760.

Conclusions
This study's insights offer crucial groundwork for crafting targeted workforce risk management strategies and fostering a conducive organizational culture to mitigate nursing occupational stress, potentially curbing the recurrence of patient safety incidents and improving nursing practice while enhancing patient outcomes. Future research should explore second and third victim experiences across various healthcare settings globally to understand their impact on WLB and patient safety outcomes.