bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When do plant hydraulics matter in terrestrial biosphere modelling?
Authors: Paschalis Athanasios , De Kauwe Martin G. , Sabot Manon , Fatichi Simone 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ascent of water from the soil to the leaves of vascular plants, described by the study of plant hydraulics, regulates ecosystem responses to environmental forcing and recovery from stress periods. Several approaches to model plant hydraulics have been proposed. In this study, we introduce four different versions of plant hydraulics representations in the terrestrial biosphere model T&C to understand the significance of plant hydraulics to ecosystem functioning. We tested representations of plant hydraulics, investigating plant water capacitance, and long‐term xylem damages following drought. The four models we tested were a combination of representations including or neglecting capacitance and including or neglecting xylem damage legacies. Using the models at six case studies spanning semiarid to tropical ecosystems, we quantify how plant xylem flow, plant water storage and long‐term xylem damage can modulate overall water and carbon dynamics across multiple time scales. We show that as drought develops, models with plant hydraulics predict a slower onset of plant water stress, and a diurnal variability of water and carbon fluxes closer to observations. Plant water storage was found to be particularly important for the diurnal dynamics of water and carbon fluxes, with models that include plant water capacitance yielding better results. Models including permanent damage to conducting plant tissues show an additional significant drought legacy effect, limiting plant productivity during the recovery phase following major droughts. However, when considering ecosystem responses to the observed climate variability, plant hydraulic modules alone cannot significantly improve the overall model performance, even though they reproduce more realistic water and carbon dynamics. This opens new avenues for model development, explicitly linking plant hydraulics with additional ecosystem processes, such as plant phenology and improved carbon allocation algorithms.
Development and validation of a rapid sarcopenia screening questionnaire: The Otassha study
Authors: Kera Takeshi , Osuka Yosuke , Kawai Hisashi , Ejiri Manami , Ito Kumiko , Hirano Hirohiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Obuchi Shuichi 
Published: November 2023

AimTo develop a rapid and easy screening tool to detect sarcopenia.MethodsIn total, 683 community‐dwelling older adults who participated in our cohort study, the “Otassha Study,” in 2019, completely responded to a questionnaire, and were diagnosed with sarcopenia were included. Participants responded to a nine‐item questionnaire, including candidate items for a new sarcopenia screening tool named rapid sarcopenia screening, based on items of the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, and Falls (SARC‐F) questionnaire. To select appropriate items for the new screeening tool, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, with sarcopenia as the dependent variable and questionnaire responses as independent variables. The area under the curve using 10 000 bootstraps was used to assess the rapid sarcopenia screening diagnostic ability for detecting sarcopenia.ResultsResponses to question nos 2 (how much can you squeeze a wet towel?), 5 (how much muscle strength do you think you have compared with that of people of your age and sex?), 7 (how fast do you usually walk?), and 9 (age‐related item) were related to sarcopenia in multiple logistic regression analysis. The area under the curve of the total score of rapid sarcopenia screening was 0.82, 0.80, and 0.81 for men, women, and overall, respectively. At a cut‐off value of 14/15, the sensitivity and specificity for sarcopenia detection were 0.73 and 0.73, respectively.ConclusionsThe newly developed sarcopenia screening tool has a better diagnostic ability for sarcopenia than the SARC‐F. Rapid sarcopenia screening does not require physical function measurements, making it a useful and accessible tool among older adults to detect sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 945–950.
Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured and composite oxide ceramics: From mechanisms to tailored properties
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Jinyun , Zhang Ziqi , Zhao Liping , Li Ming , Li Minjing , Zhao Di , Zhong Guoqiang , Hu Xudong , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhu Wenju , Zheng Chunming , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMechanochemical synthesis is a technology formed in the 1950s. By applying mechanical energy, mechanochemical synthesis stimulates chemical reactions, causing structural and phase changes and enabling difficult or otherwise impossible reactions to occur. Mechanochemical reactions are relatively safe, clean and efficient. At present, the synthesis of oxide ceramic materials by mechanochemical methods has attracted widespread attention. In the production of oxide ceramic materials, the characteristics of ceramic powder have a certain influence on the molding, sintering, microstructure, and mechanical properties of subsequent ceramics. In this paper, the research progress of mechanical chemistry in the synthesis of nanostructures and composite oxide ceramic powders is reviewed. The effects of process parameters such as ball milling time, speed, atmosphere, grinding media, additives, and ball‐to‐powder ratio on reaction kinetics, phase formation, and powder properties are summarized. In addition, challenges and opportunities for ceramic powder synthesis are also discussed.
Right sided approach for left bundle branch pacing using lumen‐less lead: Technical considerations and follow‐up outcome
Authors: Ponnusamy Shunmuga Sundaram , Ganesan Vithiya , Ramalingam Vadivelu , Kumar Mahesh , Rupert Lydia Joyce , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionLeft bundle branch pacing has gained significant momentum in the last few years. The procedure involves deploying the lead deep inside the interventricular septum through left subclavian vein. We aimed at analyzing the feasibility, efficacy and long‐term outcome of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) using lumen‐less lead through the right subclavian vein.MethodsThis was a retrospective‐institutional, single center observational study done in consecutive patients who underwent LBBP using 3830 selectsecuretm lead. Left subclavian venous access was the primary strategy for lead implantation. Patients requiring right sided approach due to venous obstruction or persistent left superior‐vena‐cava (PLSVC) for LBBP were included in the study.ResultsRight sided approach was successful in 16 out of 19 (84%) attempted patients. C315‐His catheter was used in all patients without modifying its curvature. PLSVC (n = 7), left venous obstruction (n = 7), right sided device upgradation (n = 1) and left pocket infection (n = 1) were the reasons for right sided approach. Mean follow‐up duration was 17 ± 12 months. LBBP resulted in reduction in QRS duration from 137.3 ± 37.8 ms to 122.3 ± 9.5 ms (p −.13) and increase in LV ejection fraction from 46.2 ± 16.3% to 54.4 ± 11.6% (p −.11). The mean fluoroscopy duration and radiation dose were significantly high in right sided approach (n = 16) as compared to left sided approach (n = 293). In patients requiring cardiac‐resynchronization therapy (CRT), right sided LBBP resulted in reduction in QRS duration from 171.8 ± 18.5 to 125.5 ± 11.9 ms (p −.0001) and increase in LVEF from 29.1 ± 3.8 to 45.1 ± 11.9% (p −.005).ConclusionRight sided LBBP is feasible, safe and effective in patients requiring pacing for symptomatic bradyarrhythmia and CRT. Further development in dedicated tools for right‐sided approach would help in reducing the fluoroscopy‐duration and radiation‐dose.
Left bundle branch pacing versus left ventricular septal pacing as a primary procedural endpoint during left bundle branch area pacing: Evaluation of two different implant strategies
Authors: Cano Óscar , Jover Pablo , Ayala Hebert D. , Navarrete‐Navarro Javier , Osca Joaquín , Izquierdo Maite , Navarro Josep , Martínez‐Dolz Luis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionImplant procedure features and clinical implications of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) have not been yet fully described. We sought to compare two different left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) implant strategies: the first one accepting LVSP as a procedural endpoint and the second one aiming at achieving LBBP in every patient in spite of evidence of previous LVSP criteria.MethodsLVSP was accepted as a procedural endpoint in 162 consecutive patients (LVSP strategy group). In a second phase, LBBP was attempted in every patient in spite of achieving previous LVSP criteria (n = 161, LBBP strategy group). Baseline patient characteristics, implant procedure, and follow‐up data were compared.ResultsThe final capture pattern was LBBP in 71.4% and LVSP in 24.2% in the LBBP strategy group compared to 42.7% and 50%, respectively, in the LVSP strategy group. One hundred and eighty‐four patients (57%) had proven LBB capture criteria with a significantly shorter paced QRS duration than the 120 patients (37%) with LVSP criteria (115 ± 9 vs. 121 ± 13 ms, p < .001). Implant parameters were comparable between the two strategies but the LBBP strategy resulted in a higher rate of acute septal perforation (11.8% vs. 4.9%, p = .026) without any clinical sequelae. Patients with CRT indications significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during follow‐up irrespective of the capture pattern (from 35 ± 11% to 45 ± 14% in proven LBBP, p = .024; and from 39 ± 13% to 47 ± 12% for LVSP, p = .003). The presence of structural heart disease and baseline LBBB independently predicted unsuccessful LBB capture.ConclusionThe LBBP strategy was associated with comparable implant parameters than the LVSP strategy but resulted in higher rates of septal perforation. Proven LBB capture and LVSP showed comparable effects on LVEF during follow‐up.
Impact of multi‐pin atmospheric cold plasma on dynamic rheological characteristics of kodo millet starch
Authors: Sonkar Shivani , Jaddu Samuel , Dwivedi Madhuresh , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKodo millet's popularity grows due to its diverse applications and health benefits, primarily as a starch source for industries like food processing, requiring modifications to overcome raw starch limitations. In this study, raw kodo starch underwent treatment with cold plasma, varying in voltage (10, 20, and 30 kV) and duration (10, 20, and 30 min). The treated samples were designated as S1 to S9. The results showed that the modified starch exhibited significantly higher G' and G" values compared to the control sample. Three different models were attempted to describe the flow behavior, with the most suitable model selected. This analysis led to an increase in yield stress from 86.55 to 217.98 Pa and an increase in the flow index from 0.31 to 0.56 for the modified starch. This understanding of the rheological characteristics of modified starch can be invaluable for innovating new products, blending novel ingredients, and optimizing manufacturing processes.Practical applicationsKodo millet has gained significant popularity in recent times owing to its high fiber content and low glycemic index. In this research, starch extracted from kodo millet underwent plasma treatment, resulting in a modified starch with enhanced functional properties. The study focused on exploring the rheological properties of this treated starch, and the findings revealed notable improvements in dynamic rheological parameters, including the storage modulus, loss modulus, and viscosity of the starch, all of which increased due to the plasma treatment. The enhanced viscosity makes kodo millet starch particularly suitable for a wide range of food applications. This modified starch finds practical use in the preparation of porridges, soups, and as a reliable filling agent in various food products. This emerging technology has captured the attention of food manufacturers in the grain processing sector, offering a means to elevate the quality and desirability of new food products.
The predictability of daily rainfall during rainy season over East Asia by a Bayesian nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model
Authors: Cao Qing , Zhang Hanchen , Lall Upmanu , Holsclaw Tracy , Shao Quanxi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrecipitation plays a significant role in human society and the environment, and how large‐scale climatic features influence precipitation has obtained worldwide attention. The nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) is a typical method to downscale large‐scale climatic elements to the regional level for many hydrologic applications. The traditional NHMM using point estimates of parameters has the risk to have no solutions for parameter estimation, but the Bayesian‐NHMM provides a Bayesian method to estimate parameters and avoids the risk. In this study, the suitability of the Bayesian‐NHMM in East Asia is evaluated. Two typical regions (i.e., the Yangtze River basin and the Zhujiang River basin in China) dominated by different climates were chosen to check model performance. Results show that: (1) the model could divide rainy‐season precipitation into several hidden states, whose variation is correspondent to the variability of monsoon and flux moisture transportation; (2) the model captures seasonality and inter‐annual variation of precipitation amount and also wet days during rainy season well in both river basins. These results suggest that the model could improve the prediction of daily precipitation in East Asia, which in turn could help many regions with similar climatic conditions worldwide to supervise floods and droughts.
A pharmacovigilance study of association between proton‐pump inhibitors and rhabdomyolysis event based on FAERS database
Authors: Sun Yuxuan , Zhang Ailin , Zuo Meiling , Chen Jingtao , Zhu Liqin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe association between proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs) and rhabdomyolysis were unclear. The aim of this study was to explore and systematically analyze the potential link between five PPIs and the rhabdomyolysis events using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsSuspected rhabdomyolysis events associated with PPIs were identified by data mining with the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the information component (IC), and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM). Demographic information, drug administration, and outcomes of PPI‐induced rhabdomyolysis events were also analyzed.ResultsThere were 3311 reports associated with PPI‐induced rhabdomyolysis that were identified. After removing duplicates, 1899 cases were determined to contain complete patient demographic data. The average age was 65 ± 18 year and 57% were male. Omeprazole and pantoprazole had the same largest percentage of reports. Lansoprazole had the highest ROR index of 12.67, followed by esomeprazole (11.18), omeprazole (10.27), rabeprazole (10.06), and pantoprazole (9.24). PRR, IC, and EBGM showed similar patterns. This suggested that lansoprazole exhibited the strongest correlation with rhabdomyolysis. In rhabdomyolysis events, PPIs were mainly “concomitant” (>60%), and only a few cases were “primary suspects” (<15%). Rabeprazole showed the lowest death rate while lansoprazole showed the highest.ConclusionsThe study suggested that significant rhabdomyolysis signals were associated with PPIs. Further research should be performed in drug safety evaluation for a more comprehensive association.
Recalibration of limits to growth: An update of the World3 model
Authors: Nebel Arjuna , Kling Alexander , Willamowski Ruben , Schell Tim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter 50 years, there is still an ongoing debate about the Limits to Growth (LtG) study. This paper recalibrates the 2005 World3‐03 model. The input parameters are changed to better match empirical data on world development. An iterative method is used to compute and optimize different parameter sets. This improved parameter set results in a World3 simulation that shows the same overshoot and collapse mode in the coming decade as the original business as usual scenario of the LtG standard run. The main effect of the recalibration update is to raise the peaks of most variables and move them a few years into the future. The parameters with the largest relative changes are those related to industrial capital lifetime, pollution transmission delay, and urban‐industrial land development time.
Communication Between Pregnant People of Color and Prenatal Care Providers in the United States: An Integrative Review
Authors: Goh Amy H. , Altman Molly R. , Canty Lucinda , Edmonds Joyce K. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionRacism and discrimination negatively affect patient–provider communication. Yet, pregnant people of color consistently report being discriminated against, disrespected, and ignored. The purpose of this integrated review was to identify studies that examined communication between pregnant people of color and their prenatal care providers and evaluate the factors and outcomes arising from communication.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases for studies published between 2001 and 2023. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported on primary research conducted in the United States, were written in English, and focused on patient–provider communication with a sample that included pregnant people of color, defined as those who self‐identified as Black, African American, Hispanic, Latina/x/e, Indigenous, American Indian, Asian, Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and/or Pacific Islander American. Twenty‐six articles were included in the review. Relevant data were extracted and compiled into an evidence table. We then applied the rating scale of the Johns Hopkins Evidence‐Based Practice model to assess the level of evidence and quality of the studies. Themes were identified using a memoing technique and organized into 3 a priori categories: factors, outcomes, and recommendations.ResultsTwo overarching themes emerged from our analysis: racism/discrimination and unmet information needs. Subthemes were then identified as factors, outcomes, or recommendations. Factors included provider behaviors, language barriers, structural barriers, provider type, continuity of care, and fear. Outcome themes were disrespect, trust, decision‐making power, missed appointments, and satisfaction with care. Lastly, culturally congruent care, provider training, and workforce development were categorized as recommendations.DiscussionInadequate communication between prenatal care providers and pregnant people of color continues to exist. Improving access to midwifery education for people of color can contribute to delivering perinatal care that is culturally and linguistically aligned. Further research about digital prenatal health communication is necessary to ensure equitable prenatal care.
Glycyrrhizin regulates antioxidation through Nrf2 signaling pathway in rat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Hu Zhihui , Zhao Jie , Liu Xin , Li Yanyan , Jiang Henghua , Fang Wei , Long Xing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRegulation of redox homeostasis could reduce osteoarthritis severity and limit disease progression, while glycyrrhizin (GL) shows great antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory capacity.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of GL on oxidative stress and the potential regulatory mechanism in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) chondrocytes under oxidative stress, and investigate the effect of GL in the rat temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) model.MethodsRat TMJ chondrocytes were cultured in oxidative stress with different doses of GL. The effect of glycyrrhizin on the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in oxidative stress was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. A rat model of TMJOA was treated with GL. Micro‐computed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were used to assess the pathological change of TMJOA.ResultsThe expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) were decreased, and intracellular Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated in chondrocytes in oxidative stress. GL upregulates the expression of antioxidants, especially PRDX6, as well as increases Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation in rat condylar chondrocytes. Administration of GL attenuates condylar bone destruction, cartilage degeneration, and synovitis in rats TMJOA. Meanwhile, GL alleviated oxidative stress and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of TMJOA cartilage.ConclusionThis study suggested that GL alleviates rat TMJOA by regulating oxidative stress in condylar cartilage.
First‐best health policy in vaccine markets with health and network externalities
Authors: Amir Rabah , Garcia Filomena , Topolyan Iryna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper considers an oligopolistic market for a vaccine, characterized by negative network effects, which stem from the free‐riding behavior of individuals engaged in a vaccination game. Vaccine markets often suffer from three imperfections: high concentration, network effects, and a health externality (contagion). The first conclusion of the paper is that the negative network externality is important as a market distortion, as it may lead to significant welfare losses. The second and main part of the paper develops a two‐part per‐unit subsidy scheme that a social planner could use to target both consumers and producers of vaccines. The scope of such a subsidy scheme to induce the firms to produce the first‐best output without network effects (which is the most ambitious first‐best target) is investigated. In many cases, while the first‐best is attainable, it requires negative prices for vaccines, which amounts to rewarding consumers to induce them to vaccinate.
The signaling pathways involved in non‐coding RNA regulation during osteogenic differentiation of periodontal tissue‐derived cells in the field of periodontitis
Authors: Zhu Yinci , Guan Xiaoyan , Geng Xiaorui , Du Yuanhang , Jin Suhan , Liu Jianguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is a prevalent oral disease caused by chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth, which can lead to bone loss, tooth loosening, and even tooth loss. This inflammation has a negative impact on the osteogenic differentiation capacity of periodontal tissue‐derived cells. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but can regulate various physiological processes. In this review, we summarized the critical signaling pathways that ncRNAs modulate in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal tissue‐derived cells, such as the Wnt, BMP/Smad, NF‐κB, and PI3‐K/Akt/mTOR pathways. This comprehensive exploration of ncRNA‐mediated modulation offers fresh and promising insights for prospective approaches in the management of periodontitis and the advancement of periodontal regeneration therapies.