bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the occurrence of bursting oscillations in the damping Helmholtz–Rayleigh–Duffing oscillator with slow-changing parametrical and external forcings
Authors: Zhang Chun , Tang Qiaoxia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multiple timescale effects can be reflected bursting oscillations in many classical nonlinear oscillators. In this work, we are concerned about the bursting oscillations induced by two timescale effects in the damped Helmholtz-Rayleigh-Duffing oscillator (written as DHRDO for short) excited by slow-changing parametrical and external forcings. By using trigonometric function variation and authenticating the slow excitations as a slowly varying state variable, the time-varying DHRDO can be rewritten as a new time-invariant system. Then, the critical conditions of some typical bifurcations are presented by bifurcation theory. With the help of bifurcation analyses, six bursting patterns, i.e., ‘Hopf/Hopf-Hopf/Hopf’ bursting, ‘fold/Homoclinic-Hopf/Hopf’ bursting, ‘fold/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting, ‘Hopf/fold/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting, ‘Hopf/Homoclinic/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting and ‘Hopf/Homoclinic/Hopf-Hopf/Homoclinic/Hopf’ bursting, are explored by the slow/fast decomposition method and the other techniques. Our findings provide different forms of the excited state oscillation modes as well as the bursting patterns. In addition, we use the numerical simulation to prove the correctness of the theoretical analyses.
On the nanoscale interface, electronic structure, and optical properties of nanocarbon-reinforced calcium silicate hydrates
Authors: Munio Art Anthony Z , Domato Diamond C , Pido Alvanh Alem G , Ambolode II Leo Cristobal C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study presents results from quantum chemical simulations of the synergetic interaction, electronic structure, and optical properties of calcium-silicate hydrates (C-S-H) reinforced by graphene-nanoribbons and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The calculations show that C-S-H/graphene-nanoribbon and C-S-H/SWCNT composites are stabilized by electrostatic interaction due to the charge transfer from Ca ions at the interface of C-S-H to the nearby C atoms of the graphene-nanoribbon and SWCNT. Removing Ca ions at the interface drastically decreases the strength of interaction into a weak van der Waals type. The Bader charge transfer analysis and electron distribution topology further confirm these results. Generally, the electronic states of the graphene-nanoribbon and SWCNT are shifted to lower energy in the complex. The electronic structure of graphene-nanoribbon and SWCNT is susceptible to the Ca ions-rich C-S-H environment. The composites’ overall absorption spectra can be considered superimposed of the isolated nanocarbon and C-S-H except in the lower energy region due to charge transfer and realignment of energy states. The results presented here reveal the bonding mechanism of the C-S-H with nanocarbon at the fundamental level. This work serves as a reference for the nanoengineering cement-based material with nanocarbon for the next-generation smart infrastructure.
Evidence on the high energy behavior of nuclear level density parameter
Authors: Sepiani M , Nasrabadi M N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The nuclear level density parameter (NLDP) plays an important and crucial role in the most widely used phenomenological models that calculate the nuclear level density (NLD) based on the Fermi gas model (FGM). NLDP can be affected by various effects that have been ignored during the FGM calculations. The dependence of NLDP on excitation energy has been predicted by various references and using various relationships that are mainly tested and normalized at low energies by experimental data of low levels. In this research, using nuclear reaction codes and experimental data of the evaporation spectrum of heavy ion 32S + 74Ge reaction leading to 106Cd compound nucleus (CN) at high excitation energies, high energy behaviour of NLDP is investigated and compared with different relationship predictions. By calculating and reducing the contribution of non-equilibrium mechanisms, it is suggested that NLDP behaves increasing and then decreasing at high energies (almost Gaussian-like behavior), contrary to the predictions of all conventional energy-dependent NLDP relations.
Modeling of graphene photodetector based on photogating effect for circuits simulation
Authors: Li Haozhou , Shi Zeyuan , Que Longcheng , Shen Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Graphene photodetectors based on the photogating effect offer the advantages of high responsivity. However, physical model of these photodetectors which is suitable for circuit design are still missing at present time. This paper aims to develop a physical model of the detector by introducing a ‘virtual back-gate’ method, which translates incident optical power into the Dirac point voltage of the transfer curve. Additionally, a physical model of the detector is established by combining the ‘virtual back-gate’ and ‘photo-gate’. To investigate the relationship between input optical power and photocurrent, a detector PSPICE model is developed using the gate-controlled current sources realized through the ‘virtual back-gate’ and ‘photo-gate’. A capacitive transimpedance amplifier circuit is employed for simulation verification. The research presented in this paper serves as a valuable reference for the circuit design of two-dimensional material photodetectors based on the photogating effect.
Bootstrapping gravity and its extension to metric-affine theories
Authors: Delhom Adrià , García-Moreno Gerardo , Hohmann Manuel , Jiménez Cano Alejandro , Koivisto Tomi S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work we study diffeomorphism-invariant metric-affine theories of gravity from the point of view of self-interacting field theories on top of Minkowski spacetime (or other background). We revise how standard metric theories couple to their own energy-momentum tensor, and discuss the generalization of these ideas when torsion and nonmetricity are also present. We review the computation of the corresponding currents through the Hilbert and canonical (Noether) prescriptions, emphasizing the potential ambiguities arising from both. We also provide the extension of this consistent self-coupling procedure to the vielbein formalism, so that fermions can be included in the matter sector. In addition, we clarify some subtle issues regarding previous discussions on the self-coupling problem for metric theories, both General Relativity and its higher derivative generalizations. We also suggest a connection between Lovelock theorem and the ambiguities in the bootstrapping procedure arising from those in the definition of conserved currents.
Effect of Cosmic Plasma on the Observation of Supernovae Ia
Authors: Zheng Yi-Jia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In observational cosmology, a supernova Ia is used as a standard candle in order to extend the Hubble diagram to a higher redshift range. Astrophysicists found that the observed brightness of high redshift supernovae Ia is dimmer than expected. This dimming effect is considered observational evidence for the existence of dark energy in the universe. It should be noted that this conclusion is based on an assumption that the mass density of the cosmic plasma is very small. Therefore, the dimming effect caused by the Compton scattering of free electrons in cosmic plasma can be neglected. X-ray observations suggest that the mass density of the cosmic plasma may be very large. In theory, the observed dimming effect of high redshift supernovae Ia may be caused by the Compton scattering of free electrons in the cosmic plasma. In this paper it will be shown that this idea is reasonable. Therefore, there is no need to introduce the confusing concept of dark energy into cosmology.
Finite Element Modelling of Serrated Chip Formation During Turning AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad Syamil , Mustapha Mazli , Azmi Azwan Iskandar , Nawi Mohd Al Hafiz Mohd , Ahmad Azlan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Machining metal alloys such as AZ31 magnesium alloy involve thermomechanical behavior between workmaterial and cutting tools. The interaction between workmaterial and cutting tools has affected the chip formation in metal cutting and cutting performance. This paper developed a finite element model (FEM) by using Abaqus software to simulate the chip formation in cutting AZ31 magnesium alloy under dry condition. The study revealed that serrated chips were formed in dry condition. Chip segmentation increased proportionally with cutting speed as generated heat concentrated in a narrow zone, promoting the formation of an adiabatic shear band.
Parametric study on producing Fused Deposition Modelling filament made of recovered carbon black reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene plastics
Authors: Saad M F , Shuaib N A , Fooi C C , Quan C R , Hadi M H J A , Ali U F M , Osman A F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing is a process that makes three-dimensional object layer by layer. There are many different types of 3D printer and the most commonly used is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). There is a need for a new material for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) FDM filament to improve filament strength and reduce the usage of plastics. From literature, there are limited studies available on making 3D printer filament reinforced by recycled carbon black. The limitation hinders the potential of using this material in new applications. In this study, recycled carbon black powder (rCB) was added as a filler reinforcement to enhance the properties of ABS. Parameters considered in this study were percentage of filler weight loading and filler size. Tests and characterisation used in this study were tensile test, thickness test, surface roughness test, scanning electron microscopy, density test and water absorption test. There were improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile test and elasticity of the filament compared to the pure ABS plastic. The higher filler percentage can improve the elasticity of filament and lower filler percentage can improve the strength of the filament. The findings could help in improving marketability status and commercialisation potential of rCB reinforced ABS filament for FDM applications.
A Fully Explicit Lattice Spring Elastoplastic Solid Model for Fluid Structure Interaction Applications
Authors: Low W.C. , Ng K. C. , Ng H. K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) solver based on mesh-less methods developed at University of Nottingham Malaysia has been proven to be successful in solving hydroelastic problems involving elastic body. In this paper, the possibility of modelling elastocplastic material behaviour using mesh-less method is further explored. Elastoplastic material bahaviour is essential for modelling ductile fracture in a wide range of engineering problems. The use of a type of nonlocal lattice spring model (LSM) based on fully explicit integration scheme in modelling elastoplastic material behaviour is presented in this work. Specifically, the return mapping algorithm is incorporated in the solid solver for modelling J2 plasticity. The effect of time step size and particle spacing on the accuracy of the solver are investigated by checking the predicted strain against theoretical solution. It is found out that the strain results obtained by varying the time step size are somewhat consistent with the theoretical solution. The predicted strain also converges to the theoretical result as the particle spacing is refined.
A study on the significance of exhaust manifold’s bending angle to the brake torque of 115cc SI engine
Authors: Murali R , Shahriman A B , Razlan Z M , Rojan M A , Azizul A I , Rani M F H , Jamir M R M , Sunan S , Ali M H A , Ramasamy G , Hisham M H N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The exhaust manifold is a crucial component of the exhaust system in any SI engine, responsible for efficiently expelling combustion products. However, when the exhaust manifold’s design is suboptimal, it leads to negative consequences for the engine’s performance due to the presence of backpressure. Backpressure refers to the difference between maximum exhaust pressure and atmospheric pressure. An increase in backpressure decreases the overall performance and fuel efficiency of an SI engine. This study aimed to investigate the bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold and the brake torque of the 115cc SI engine using 1D engine analysis. The relationship between the exhaust manifold’s bending angle characteristics and the brake torque was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of less than 0.05, while the validation with experimental data showed a maximum error of 6.62. In the previous research, it was noted that a lower bending angle leads to better performance. However, the current results indicate that out of the three bending angles considered, having one of them yields the most substantial enhancement in brake torque. The optimized bending angle configuration obtained from the analysis increased the mean brake torque by 0.011 Nm (0.14%). Consequently, this study enhances the average brake torque through the optimal bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold. The study’s objective aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, as the improved performance achieved through an optimal exhaust manifold design configuration is expected to promote domestic technology development.
Performance comparison and analysis of traditional PID and fuzzy PID control applied to UAV
Authors: Dong Jiaxing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quadrotor UAVs are gradually being used in various fields because of their flexibility, ease of control and low cost. Along with advancement of electrical technology in contemporary times and increasing application scenarios of the aircraft, the demand for control systems has also increased. In different application scenarios, there are some differences in the functions and application requirements of UAV. Therefore, it is of great value to adjust the control algorithm by combining the scenario requirements. PID heuristic and fuzzy PID heuristic are the two most common control algorithms in UAV. In this paper, the heuristics are designed and compared for the above two algorithms in different scenarios and environments. First, the development process and status of UAVs are explained, and the importance of the control system is introduced. Subsequently, two control systems are studied and designed separately, and targeted comparison tests are conducted. Finally, the performance and applicability scenarios of the two control systems are analysed according to the experimental results, which in turn provide an important reference basis for the design of PID-based UAV control systems.
Analysis of FPGA theory and its development potential
Authors: Huang Hongrui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
FPGA is a logic device that allows users to program. It has experienced unprecedented rapid development since its inception, and now it has become the core chip device for designing digital circuits. As an application oriented and capital-intensive technology system, FPGA plays an important role in computer, communication, automobile and other fields. With the continuous progress of semiconductor preparation technology, the performance of FPGA devices has also achieved leaps and bounds. Of course, new problems and challenges have emerged. Therefore, we need to constantly improve the architecture and algorithm of FPGA, and explore ways to make FPGA achieve higher performance and efficiency. This paper reviews the development of FPGA, and expounds the mainstream design technology of FPGA. It also summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of FPGA, and points out the direction of future FPGA research.
Review of PID control design and tuning methods
Authors: Li Zeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Owing to the fact that PID controllers have a simple and fixed form and good robustness, they are widely used in industrial production. However, the complexity and non-linearity of control systems affect the use of a traditional PID controller. Therefore, how to design a stable PID controller that does not require an accurate mathematical model or how to adjust the parameters of the PID controller have become hot topics of research today and in the future. PID controllers are outlined in this study, such as position PID controllers, incremental PID controllers, differential prior PID controllers, fuzzy PID controllers. Besides, two different PID controller rectification methods are described: the model-based parameter self-tuning method and the rule-based self-tuning method. What is more, this paper also compares these PID controllers, and clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of each PID controller. And at the end, it predicts the prospect of PID controllers and PID controller rectification methods. PID has a great development prospect, and its future research direction is not only to study new algorithms, but also needs to study how to combine the excellent existing PID controllers to make up for their shortcomings.
Gain optimization and data modeling of S-band of Tm-doped fiber amplifier based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Qu Boen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At present, fiber amplifiers are indispensable in the field of communication, Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are currently more mature fiber amplifiers, but because of electronic bottlenecks, they have approached saturation in recent years. Thus, the study and application of fiber amplifiers doped with other rare earth elements has become a new goal at present. At the same time, expanding the available bandwidth of the fiber amplifier to a higher or lower direction has also become a major task. This article discusses the gain of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers at 1400 nm – 1450 nm (S-band) and uses the genetic algorithm to optimize the fiber length and doping concentration to find the optimal solution, this article also analyzes the change in gain at different fiber lengths and doping concentrations. The results show that the fiber length is 56.2705 meters, and the doping concentration is 59.9502 ×1024 per square meter, at which the gain reaches the peak is 65.19. The results show that the thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) in this band has good amplification characteristics, and it can be meticulously studied based on this method in the future to obtain more accurate results. It can also be solved using other algorithms, such as Quantum Genetic Algorithms.
Power electronic transformers in wind power generation systems
Authors: Li Zhuangzhuang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Power electronic transformers (PET) have received extensive attention due to their advantages of compensating reactive power, improving power quality, limiting fault current, and reducing the number of traditional transformer materials. At present, it is also an important research topic to replace conventional power frequency transformers in wind power generation systems. This paper first analyzes the topology of the primary circuit of the power electronic transformer. Several common PET topologies are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The module cascade topology and modular multilevel topology are mainly introduced, and the topological circuit diagram is given. The paper also comprehensively introduced the research status quo of wind power generation systems based on the interface of PET, permanent magnetic wind turbines and dual-feed fan wind turbines. The traditional structure of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) system and the doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) system is shown. Finally, the problems in PET and the future development direction are summarized.
Systematic analysis of advanced wireless charging technology for electric vehicles
Authors: Li Sizhe , Ma Tianying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the development of electronic technology, more and more electronic devices in life are converted from wireless to wired. Electric toothbrushes, mobile phones around, and new energy vehicles on the road have all changed from traditional wired charging to wireless charging. Traditional charging methods have many disadvantages. Some of them may be mechanically aged, some may leak electricity, and some take up space. But wireless charging can optimize most problems. And it has higher safety and functionality. This paper expends on Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT), Microwave Power Transfer(MPT), Electromagnetic induction that the three mainstream wireless charging methods. The article introduces the working principles of the three wireless charging methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages. And through comparison, to provide a strategy for the method of choosing a wireless charging method.
The application of embedded system on electric devices
Authors: Lu Yixuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Embedded system control technology is widely used in airborne electronic equipment. Embedded system control technology is at the core of the development process of airborne electronic devices, but currently the overall design of system control for airborne electronic devices is not planned from the top level of the system, which may cause the system control of the device to not fully meet the user’s needs in terms of use functions, and the system control software often needs to be modified, wasting a large amount of human, material, and financial resources. Aiming at this, this paper discusses the embedded system control technology and design methods applied in airborne electronic equipment. This article will analyze the current research status of the application of embedded systems in electrical equipment from multiple aspects, and provide prospects for its future development. Through analysis, the entire development process and shortcomings of embedded systems can be clarified, providing reference for their better application in industrial environments in the future.
Research on the application of transformer in computer vision
Authors: Bai Guoli , Guo Haosen , Xiao Chuzhen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Transformer is a deep neural network model that utilizes attention mechanisms to improve model performance. Initially, the Transformer gained significant attention in the field of natural language processing. In recent years, due to continuous improvements and extensions to the Transformer model structure, it has also achieved many important breakthroughs in computer vision(CV) tasks, attracting the interest of many researchers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review articles on the application and development of the Transformer in computer vision. A summary of the Transformer’s applications and advancements in computer vision is given in this paper. It discusses the Transformer model’s fundamental ideas and organizational framework, and primarily introduces its applications in various fields such as image classification, object detection, and image generation, as well as the superiority of the Transformer+ convolutional neural network(CNN) fusion model. The paper provides a detailed analysis of classic models such as Vision Transformer(ViT), Detection Transformer(DETR) and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and improvement methods. Finally, the paper summarizes and looks forward to the Transformer’s evolution in computer vision.