bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High serum YKL‐40 level after surgery for colorectal carcinoma is related to short survival
Authors: Cintin Christina , Johansen Julia S. , Christensen Ib Jarle , Price Paul A. , Sørensen Steen , Nielsen Hans Jørgen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDYKL‐40 is a member of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. YKL‐40 is a growth factor and may stimulate migration of endothelial cells. YKL‐40 may also play a role in inflammation and degradation of connective tissue. Elevated preoperative serum YKL‐40 levels in patients with colorectal carcinoma are associated with a significantly poorer prognosis compared to patients with normal serum YKL‐40. In the current study the authors evaluated the value of serum YKL‐40 in monitoring patients with colorectal carcinoma.METHODSYKL‐40 was determined by an in‐house radioimmunoassay method in serum obtained pre‐ and postoperatively from 324 patients who underwent curative resection (Dukes Stage A: 47; B: 148; C: 119; and D: 10). The patients were followed with serum YKL‐40 levels every 6 months postoperatively, and the median followup time was 82 months (range, 68–95). In that period 146 patients died.RESULTSSerum YKL‐40 was significantly decreased in the first postoperative blood sample in 62% of patients with high preoperative levels. In addition, patients with high serum YKL‐40 (adjusted for age) six months after curative operation had significantly shorter survival times (P = 0.0002) and shorter relapse free intervals (P = 0.004) than patients with normal postoperative serum YKL‐40. This result was independent of simultaneous serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels at six months. Analysis of survival by scoring serum YKL‐40 as a time‐dependent covariate in a Cox regression analysis showed that patients exhibiting elevated serum YKL‐40 had an increased hazard for death within the following six months compared to those patients with normal serum YKL‐40 level (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0–15.5, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis including Dukes stage, age, gender, and tumor location as well as the time‐dependent serum YKL‐40 showed that high serum YKL‐40 was an independent prognostic variable of survival (HR = 8.5, 95% CI: 5.3–13.7, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that determination of serum YKL‐40 during followup of patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma might be useful for monitoring curatively resected patients. Cancer 2002;95:267–74 © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10644
The impact of androgen deprivation on quality of life after radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma
Authors: Fowler Floyd J. , McNaughton Collins Mary , Walker Corkery Elizabeth , Elliott Diana B. , Barry Michael J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen deprivation is commonly prescribed for men with a rising prostate specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy, despite scant evidence regarding its efficacy and side effects. In the current study, the authors compared measures of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in men who were treated with androgen deprivation after radical prostatectomy with those for men who underwent surgery but were not treated with androgen deprivation.METHODSMedicare Provider and Analysis and Review (MedPAR) files were used to identify men who had undergone radical prostatectomies between 1991–1992. Medicare Part B data then were used to select two samples: men who subsequently were androgen deprived and those who were not. In 1999, a mail survey was administered that addressed a range of disease‐related and treatment‐related issues, including HRQOL. Age‐adjusted comparisons of responses to seven multiitem measures of HRQOL were performed.RESULTSThe overall response rate was 82%. On all seven HRQOL measures (impact of cancer and treatment, concern regarding body image, mental health, general health, activity, worries about cancer and dying, and energy), there were statistically significant decrements associated with androgen deprivation.CONCLUSIONSPatients and physicians must weigh the price patients pay with regard to HRQOL against the uncertain benefits of early androgen deprivation. Cancer 2002;95:287–95. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10656
The significance of the amount of myometrial invasion in patients with Stage IB endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Alektiar Kaled M. , Mckee Andrea , Lin Oscar , Venkatraman Ennapadam , Zelefsky Michael J. , Mychalczak Boris R. , Mckee Brady , Hoskins William J. , Barakat Richard R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for endometrial carcinoma defined Stage IB as disease with invasion of less than one‐half of the myometrium, although most of the data on prognostic factors are based on invasion of the inner one‐third, middle one‐third, or outer one‐third of the myometrium. The objective of this study was to determine whether the depth of myometrial invasion is correlated with outcome in patients with Stage IB endometrial carcinoma.METHODSBetween November, 1987 and June, 1998, 251 patients with Stage IB endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus underwent simple hysterectomy followed by intravaginal brachytherapy. The depth of myometrial invasion was less than or equal to one‐third (Group I) in 191 of 251 patients (79%) and greater than one‐third to less than one‐half (Group II) in 52 of 251 patients (21%). Comprehensive surgical staging (CSS) was done in 12% of patients. The two groups were balanced with regard to age (< 60 years vs. ≥ 60 years), FIGO grade, lower uterine segment involvement (LUSI), CSS, and the use of postoperative external‐beam radiation. The rate of capillary‐like space invasion (CLSI), however, was 9% in Group I compared with 25% in Group II (P= 0.002). The median follow‐up was 58 months.RESULTSThe overall 5‐year actuarial local‐regional control (LRC), disease free (DFS) survival, and overall survival (OS) rates were 95%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. These end points, however, did not vary significantly between the two groups. The 5‐year LRC, DFS, and OS rates in Groups I and II were 96% versus 95%, respectively (P= 0.9); 92% versus 94%, respectively (P= 0.7); and 92% versus 90%, respectively (P= 0.5). On multivariate analysis, the influence on outcome of age, grade, amount of myometrial invasion, LUSI, and CLSI was evaluated. Only age ≥ 60 years and FIGO Grade 3 were correlated with poor DFS (P= 0.02 andP= 0.03, respectively) and OS (P= 0.001 andP= 0.01, respectively).CONCLUSIONSBased on this study, in patients with Stage IB endometrial carcinoma, the amount of myometrial invasion, defined as invasion less than or equal to one‐third of the myometrium versus invasion greater than one‐third and less than one‐half of the myometrium, did not appear to influence outcome. Age ≥ 60 years and FIGO Grade 3, however, emerged as independent prognostic factors for poor DFS and OS. Cancer 2002;95:316–21. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10660
New WHO histologic classification predicts prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Chen Gang , Marx Alexander , Wen‐Hu Chen , Yong Jiang , Puppe Bernhard , Stroebel Philipp , Mueller‐Hermelink Hans Konrad 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn 1999, a World Health Organization (WHO) committee published histologic criteria for distinct thymoma entities (labeled as Type A, AB, B1, B2, B3 thymomas) and for the heterogeneous group of thymic carcinomas, collectively called Type C thymomas. Whether WHO‐defined histologic thymoma subtypes are of independent prognostic relevance has yet to be proved.METHODSTwo hundred thymomas from the Shanghai Chest Hospital with a mean follow‐up time of 15 years (range, 1–246 months) were studied for the relevance of WHO histologic subtype and other factors (stage, therapy, and myasthenia gravis [MG]) for survival.RESULTSIn order of frequency, 68 patients (34.0%) had Type AB, 39 (19.5%) had Type B2, 36 (18.0%) had Type C, 27 (13.5%) had Type B3, 17 (8.5%) had Type B1, and 8 (4.0%) had Type A thymoma. Five cases (2.5%) were rare thymomas not mentioned in the WHO classification. Survival data showed significant differences among the histologic subtypes (log rank test: P < 0.001). Among patients with Type A and AB thymomas, none died of tumor; of the Type B1 thymoma patients, only one (5.9%) died at 22 months. Type B2, B3, and C thymomas had a significantly worse prognosis with 5‐year survival rates of 75.0%, 70.0%, and 48.0%, respectively. Ninety‐six patients (48.0%) were in Masaoka Stage I, 26 (13.0%) were in Stage II, 65 (32.5%) were in Stage III, and 13 (6.5%) were in Stage IV. Stage was highly significant in predicting survival (log rank, test P < 0.001). The association between histologic subtype and invasive behavior (stage) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). However, histology was an independent predictive factor of survival in Stage I and II thymomas: Type B2, B3, and C thymomas had a worse prognosis than Type A, AB, and B1 thymomas (log rank test: P < 0.003). Thirty patients (15.0%) presented with MG. MG was significantly more frequent in Type B2 and B3 than in Type A, AB, and B1 thymomas (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, MG had no adverse effect on survival (P = 0.17). Radiation or chemotherapy improved patients' survival at 5 and 10 years in Type B2, B3, and C thymomas (log rank test: P < 0.003).CONCLUSIONSTumor stage is the most important determinant of survival in thymoma patients, but the WHO histologic subtype is an independent prognostic factor in Stage I and II thymomas, among which WHO Type A, AB, and B1 thymomas form a low‐risk group. Patients with high‐risk thymomas might profit from novel adjuvant radiochemotherapy regimens. Cancer 2002;95:420–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10665
Salvage high‐dose chemotherapy in patients with germ cell tumors
Authors: Rosti Giovanni , De Giorgi Ugo , Salvioni Roberto , Papiani Giorgio , Sebastiani Loretta , Argnani Marzia , Monti Giuseppe , Ferrante Patrizia , Pizzocaro Giorgio , Marangolo Maurizio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by hematopoietic stem cell support (HSCS) potentially may be curative in patients with germ cell tumor (GCT) who develop recurrent tumors or who have an inadequate response after receiving standard‐dose chemotherapy. The authors report their experience with HDCT as salvage therapy for patients with GCT.METHODSBetween 1986 and 2000, 84 patients with GCT, with a median age 29 years (range, 15–50 years), were treated with 105 courses of HDCT with HSCS. Patients were stratified into good, intermediate, and poor risk categories according to a validated prognostic index.RESULTSOverall, 28 patients (33%) have been continuously disease free. In the good risk group, 24 patients (69%) have been continuously disease free compared with 4 patients (13%) in the intermediate risk group (P < 0.001) and 0 patients in the poor risk group (P < 0.001). Treatment‐related mortality occurred only among patients in the poor risk (n = 6 patients) and the intermediate risk groups (n = 4 patients).CONCLUSIONSIn the authors' experience, HDCT induced impressive long‐term remissions as salvage treatment among patients in the good risk group. Moreover, the use of validated prognostic classifications may contribute to a better definition of the role of HDCT other than improving the outcome of patients with GCT. The definitive statement on the possible role of HDCT in patients with GCT will derive from the ongoing Phase III randomized studies. Cancer 2002;95:309–15. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10672
Treatment of intracranial metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma
Authors: Chamberlain Marc C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an uncommon tumor that may metastasize to the central nervous system (CNS). To the authors' knowledge there is no current consensus regarding treatment. The current study was conducted to determine the toxicity and response rate of combined modality therapy in the treatment of patients with ENB metastatic to the brain.METHODSSix patients (2 men and 4 women) ranging in age from 47–61 years (median age, 53.5 years) with ENB had clinical and neuroradiographic evidence of CNS metastases (brain parenchyma in 6 patients and leptomeningeal metastases in 3 patients). CNS‐directed therapy included radiotherapy (to the brain in three patients and to the spine in two patients) and chemotherapy (systemic in six patients and regional in three patients). Systemic chemotherapy was comprised of carboplatin, lomustine, and vincristine administered every 2 months. Patients were evaluated by neuroradiographic and neurologic examination every other month.RESULTSBetween 1–6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy were administered (median, 4.5 cycles). and 6–19 cycles of regional chemotherapy were administered (median, 17 cycles). Toxicity included aseptic meningitis (three patients), radiation enteritis (one patient), and ≥ Grade 3 (according to the National Cancer Institute Common toxicity Criteria) myelosuppression (four patients). Two patients required hospitalization for neutropenic fever and two patients required a transfusion (platelets in two patients and red blood cells in one patient). No treatment‐related deaths were reported. A partial response was achieved in four patients, and two patients demonstrated progressive disease. The median duration of response was 9 months (range, 2–12 months). Overall survival ranged from 3–13 months (median, 10.5 months). The cause of death was progressive parenchymal brain disease in three patients, systemic disease in two patients, and leptomeningeal disease in one patient.CONCLUSIONSIn the small cohort of patients in the current study, combined modality therapy was found to have modest toxicity and palliative efficacy. Cancer 2002;95:243–48. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10679
Patients' experiences of homework tasks in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Dunn Hazel , Morrison Anthony P. , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the experiences of individuals who agreed to undertake homework as part of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. It attempts to identify factors that individuals believe influence homework compliance and thereby alert therapists to their possible impact, and, using grounded theory, dispel the myth that individuals with psychosis cannot meaningfully express their experiences and views. Ten participants, who either did (six) or did not (four) comply with homework were interviewed and a grounded theory approach was used to understand and generate theories relating to their completion of homework assignments. The factors cited as affecting homework compliance were motivation, recall of the assignment, difficulty, putting off, understanding of the rationale, perceived benefits, insight, effort and relevance. The most cited theme was insight, with four of the high compliance group accounting for 21 references and three of the low compliance group accounting for nine references. However, the high compliance group gained insight into problem development, maintenance and the use of effective strategies to realize goals whereas the low compliance group gained only an identification of their problems and an understanding of their development. Three participants in the low compliance group believed that their assignments were sometimes irrelevant to their needs but this was true of only one out of the six in the high compliance group. Further research into assessing and addressing non‐acceptance of treatment rationale may be indicated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of Musashi1 and nestin in the adult rat hippocampus after ischemia
Authors: Yagita Yoshiki , Kitagawa Kazuo , Sasaki Tsutomu , Miyata Takaki , Okano Hideyuki , Hori Masatsugu , Matsumoto Masayasu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBoth nestin and the neural RNA‐binding protein Musashi1 (Msi1) are expressed in neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus has received much attention, so we evaluated the expression of Msi1 and nestin in the adult rat hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Both Msi1 and nestin were induced in the reactive astrocytes after ischemia, especially in the CA1 region, until 35 days after ischemia. Induction of both molecules suggested that reactive astrocytes might have immature characteristics. In the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, Msi1‐positive cells formed clusters after ischemia. These cells were labeled by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) but did not express glial fibrillary acidic protein. In contrast, very few nestin‐positive cells were labeled by BrdU. Our results suggest that neuronal progenitor cells in the SGZ expressed Msi1 but not nestin. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem cell biology of the central nervous system
Authors: Okano Hideyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotential progenitor cells that have self‐renewal activities. A single NSC is capable of generating various kinds of cells within the central nervous system (CNS), including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Because of these characteristics, there is increasing interest in NSCs and neural progenitor cells from the aspects of both basic developmental biology and therapeutic applications to the damaged brain. This special issue, dedicated to understanding the nature of the NSCs present in the CNS, presents an introduction to several avenues of research that may lead to feasible strategies for manipulating cells in situ to treat the damaged brain. The topics covered by these studies include the extracellular factors and signal transduction cascades involved in the differentiation and maintenance of NSCs, the population dynamics and locations of NSCs in embryonic and adult brains, prospective identification and isolation of NSCs, the induction of NSCs to adopt particular neuronal phenotypes, and their transplantation into the damaged CNS. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Msx2 and p21CIP1/WAF1 mediate the proapoptotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein‐4 on ventricular zone progenitor cells
Authors: Israsena Nipan , Kessler John A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTreatment of cultured ventricular zone (VZ) progenitor cells with bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP4) promoted cell death in a dose‐dependent manner. VZ progenitor cells became progressively more resistant to the proapoptotic effects of BMP4 between E10 and E16, and, by E18 and thereafter, BMP4 treatment no longer led to progenitor cell death. BMP4 treatment of E13 progenitor cells promoted expression of msx2 and p21CIP1/WAF1 (p21) and inhibition of expression of either gene prevented BMP4‐mediated apoptosis. Treatment of E18 cells with BMP4 failed to induce apoptosis but still induced expression of low levels of msx2 and p21. Knockout of bax significantly reduced but did not prevent BMP4‐mediated death of E13 murine progenitor cells. These observations indicate that msx2 and p21 mediate the proapoptotic effects of BMP4 on VZ progenitor cells and that each gene is necessary but insufficient to promote apoptosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis occurs in a microenvironment provided by PSA‐NCAM‐expressing immature neurons
Authors: Seki Tatsunori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeurons continue to be generated in the adult hippocampus. In the present study, the early developmental processes of newly generated neurons in the adult rat hippocampus were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy using a combination of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and immunohistochemistry for highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) and NeuroD, which are markers for immature neurons, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Rats were injected with BrdU and 2 hours, 1, 3, and 7 days after the injection, the hippocampus was processed for immunohistochemistry. One day after the injection, BrdU‐labeled cells were found frequently in clusters consisting of dividing cells, putative undifferentiated cells, NeuroD‐positive differentiated neurons, and GFAP‐positive astrocytes. Three days later, BrdU‐labeled cells were loosely aggregated and BrdU‐positive fragmented nuclei were sometimes observed, suggesting that apoptosis occurred in the clusters. These BrdU‐labeled nuclei were frequently associated in various ways with the processes of immature PSA‐positive granule cells. They are positioned along PSA‐positive apical and basal dendrites or surrounded by these processes. By 7 days after the injection, the number of the clusters was reduced and the BrdU‐labeled cells had developed dendrites. These cell‐to‐cell associations support the hypothesis that the clustering and a microenvironment provided by the PSA‐expressing immature neurons contribute to the early developmental events of adult neurogenesis, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and neurophilic migration in the adult hippocampus. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of in vitro proliferative activity of human fetal neural stem/progenitor cells using indirect measurements of viable cells based on cellular metabolic activity
Authors: Kanemura Yonehiro , Mori Hideki , Kobayashi Satoshi , Islam Omedul , Kodama Eri , Yamamoto Atsuyo , Nakanishi Youko , Arita Norio , Yamasaki Mami , Okano Hideyuki , Hara Masayuki , Miyake Jun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo scale up human neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) cultures for clinical use, we need to know how long these cells can live ex vivo without losing their ability to proliferate and differentiate; thus, a convenient method is needed to estimate the proliferative activity of human NSPCs grown in neurosphere cultures, as direct cell counting is laborious and potentially inaccurate. Here, we isolated NSPCs from human fetal forebrain and prepared neurosphere cultures. We determined the number of viable cells and estimated their proliferative activity in long‐term culture using two methods that measure viable cell numbers indirectly, based on their metabolic activity: the WST‐8 assay, in which a formazan dye is produced upon reduction of the water‐soluble tetrazolium salt WST‐8 by dehydrogenase activity, and the ATP assay, which measures the ATP content of the total cell plasma. We compared the results of these assays with the proliferative activity estimated by DNA synthesis using the 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation assay. We found the numbers of viable human NSPCs to be directly proportional to the metabolic reaction products obtained in the WST‐8 and ATP assays. Both methods yielded identical cell growth curves, showing an exponentially proliferative phase and a change in the population doubling time in long‐term culture. They also showed that human NSPCs could be expanded for up to 200 days ex vivo without losing their ability to proliferate and differentiate. Our findings indicated that indirect measurements of viable cells based on metabolic activity, especially the ATP assay, are very effective and reproducible ways to determine the numbers of viable human NSPCs in intact neurospheres. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An immunochemical technique for the detection of ovalbumin in surimi‐derived products
Authors: Romero‐Rodríguez Ma Angeles , Barcia‐Vieitez Ramiro , Vázquez‐Odériz Ma Lourdes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEgg white is frequently used in surimi‐derived products. However, electrophoretic detection of egg white in such products is not reliable, since the egg white protein ovalbumin and the fish muscle protein actin have very similar molecular weights. We report the development of an immunoblotting (Western blotting) technique for the detection of ovalbumin in products of this type. We initially used a monoclonal antibody, but this did not bind effectively to ovalbumin in surimi‐derived products. We therefore switched to the use of a polyclonal antibody, which gave excellent results and showed very high sensitivity (detection limit 0.5 ng µl−1).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry