bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Biochar and Phosphorus in the Growth and Yield of Potatoes
Authors: Mohammed D A , Sarheed B R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted, first was a laboratory to prepare plant charcoal from three different sources: rice straw, corn cobs, and sugarcane (B1, B2, and B3), with the aim of loading them with phosphorus from the superphosphate fertilizer source (21% P) at three levels of phosphorus: 50%, 75% and 100% of the recommended fertilizer for potatoes (F1, F2, and F3). Then, tested in a field experiment conducted at the agricultural research station of Anbar University’s College of Agriculture in Albu Etha-, located at longitude E43.32.65 and latitude N33.45.37 in the fall season of 2022. The soil texture was sandy clay loam and the irrigation system was drip irrigation. Burren potato variety was planted to study the effect of adding three types of plant charcoal, supported with different levels of phosphorus, and using them as slow-release fertilizers on the availability of phosphorus and some properties and growth and yield of potato. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed a significant superiority of all plant charcoals supported with phosphorus compared to the treatment without adding charcoal. The treatment that added sugarcane waste charcoal (B3) recorded the highest value in all studied plant characters and yield (plant height, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of aerial branches, dry matter yield, total tuber yield, and marketable tuber yield).
Production and Evaluation of F1 Hybrids of Protected Cultivation Cucumber
Authors: Mohammed I A , Alabdaly M M M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, in the Autumn season of 2021 and spring 2022, in an unheated greenhouse. Four pure lines of Gynoecious cucumbers for protected cultivation were used, and full diallel cross were conducted in all directions to produce 12 reciprocal and reverse hybrids of the F1. The seeds of the parents and the resulting hybrids were sown. Including it with an approved hybrid (Kanz) for the purpose of comparison, which numbered 17 genotypes according to the design of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to evaluate the parents and the resulting hybrids and estimate some genetic parameters and the type of genetic action. The results showed that there were significant differences in the studied lines, as parents P4 and P1 showed superior over the other of the parents, as father 4 gave the best results for the parents in the characteristics of the number of nodes on the plant, leaf area, number of fruits and plant yield, which amounted to 36.32 node plant−1, 114.74 dm2 plant−1, 55.35 fruit plant−1 and 4.59 kg plant−1, and parent 1 did not differ from parent 4 in most characteristics, while parent 2 recorded the lowest results in all characteristics. The average heritability in the broad sense of the reverse effect was greater than the reciprocal effect and the low degree of heritability in the narrow sense, which indicates the possibility of Hybridization to obtain the desired characteristics and to obtain distinct hybrids.
The Changes in on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Three Solanum tuberosum Varieties Under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Ali M R K , Mahmooud S A , Mohammed M A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim was to study the changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics in vitro of three potato varieties (Burren, Elmundo, Arizona) It is- under salt stress conditions for the period from June-2022 to October -2022. MS medium supplied with different concentrations of NaCl salt (0, 8, 10, and 12) dc m-1 was used for a month of cultivation. the plant’s content of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and chlorine increased with increasing salt concentrations. The results also show a significant effect of NaCl salt on biochemical characteristics, as the proline content of the plants increased, the concentration of catalase, H2O2, and SOD enzyme increased with the increase in salt concentrations, as the concentration recorded 12 dc m-1, the highest average of the mentioned characteristics (9.117 ppm and 318.113 mmol min mg-1 and 197.223 ppm and 150.223 unit’s min-1 mg -1) respectively.
The Role of Organic Fertilizers and Humic Acid in some Characteristics of Vegetative and Root Growth and the Chemical Content of the Shoots of Fig Seedlings Cv. (Aswad Diyala)
Authors: Ali S S J , Al-Dolaimi R M H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during the 2022 growing season, to study the effect of adding organic fertilizer (poultry waste) at levels (0, 0.5, 1 kg seedlings−1), which were symbolized as (A0, A1, A2) respectively, and humic acid in levels (0,250,500 ml L−1), which were symbolized as (B0, B1, B2) respectively, in some traits of vegetative, root growth and chemical content growth of fig seedlings of Aswad Diyala cultivar. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizer at level of 1 kg seedlings−1 outperformed and led to a significant increase in stem diameter (4.973 mm), main root diameter (3.178 mm), number of lateral branches (8.667 branch seedling−1), the diameter of the lateral branch is 8.759 mm, the content of the branches of nitrogen 1.992%, the content of the branches of phosphorus 0.442%. The potassium content of the branches led to a significant superiority at the A1 level with 1.312%. The study showed a significant superiority when treatment B2 at level (500 ml L−1) resulted in a significant superiority in the rate of increase in the diameter of the main stem of the plant 4.490 mm, the diameter of the main root 2.933 mm. The two-way interaction A2B2 had a significant effect on most of the studied traits.
Chemotaxonomy of Twelve Mimosoideae Species in Iraq
Authors: Sh Alrawi M , Aldubaisi I A , Almehemdi A F 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSamples of twelve species belong to mimosoideae were collected from baghdad. The current study aimed to screen the bioactive compounds from leaves methanol extracts of twelve species from Mimosoideae to assess the phytochemical compounds properties. The twelve species of Mimosoideaewere Acacia cyanophyllaLindl., Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd., Albizia lebbeck(L.) Benth.,Albizia julibrissinDurazz, Calliandra haematocephala, Leucaena leucocephalasubspleucocephala, Leucaena leucocephalasubsp.glabrata, Mimosa pudicaL.,Pithecellobium dulce(Roxb.) Benth.,Prosopis farcta(Banks &Sol.) J.F. Macbr., andProsopis juliflora(SW.) DC., belong to seven genera grown in Baghdad/ Iraq. Methanolic leave extracts of these species were subjected to GC/MS analysis. Data obtained from GC/MS isolation revealed that these species were qualitatively and quantitatively differed. Where,C. haematocephalaleaves extract contained predominantly 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)-(cis-oleic acid) of 11.60%,M. pudicapossessed 21.03% of Methyl (methyl 4-O-methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside) urinate,L. leucocephalasups.leucocephalahad 54% of Methyl (methyl 4-O-methyl-α-d,P. farctainvolved 29.32 % of 4,6-Di-O-methyl-α-d-galactose. Conclusively, these species were chemically differed. Therefore, the chemical compounds could be used as tool for categorizing the mimosoids species.
The effect of some Levels of Shading and Fertilization in the Growth and Production of Commercial Cut Flowers of Two Cultivars of Shrubby Roses
Authors: Al-Rawi L A H , Al-Marsoumi H G K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment was carried out in one of the plastic houses of the Department of Horticulture and Date Palms in Baghdad Governorate during the year 2021 of the autumn season. The effect of some levels of shading and fertilization on the growth and production of commercial cut flowers of two cultivars of shrubby roses on some characteristics of vegetative and flowering growth. The results showed a significant superiority among the cultivars, as cultivar V1 was superior to cultivar V2 in average plant height and flower diameter, while cultivar V2 had a significant superiority over cultivar V1 in average number of leaves, number of petals and flower stem length. While the characteristics of vegetative growth represented by the rate of plant height, the number of leaves, and the characteristics of floral growth represented by the flower diameter, the number of petals, and the length of the flowering stem were significantly superior when using shading levels 50% (S2) and the levels of fertilization consisting of mycorrhiza, licorice extract and chelated iron (F3) in all growth characteristics.
Study of Variability at the Molecular Level Between Pure Lines of Cherry Tomato
Authors: Al-Zuhairy N S A , Alwan O K , Badri A N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Executed experience to study molecular variation and to determine the genetic fingerprint and Genetic dimension between the pure lines of a tomato Cherry are: LA3002(1),LA2838A(2),LA0797(3),LA4355(4),LA7371(5),LA3534(6),LA3535(7) and L.A. 3530(8) based on genetic indicators (ISSR and SSR) using 14 starters including 9 primers ISSR and 5 beginnings SSR and it was total package produced from these prefixes (106) package, at the rate of (7.57) packages approximately per starter, and it was the sum of the packages dissimilar in the primers shown (64) strap and represented its ratio (60,377% of the total packages that resulted at rate approximately (5) packages for the initiator. Some of the primers used showed distinct bands (visible or absent) for some pure lines that acted as genetic fingerprint for them, such as pure lines 2, 3, 6 and 8. The results showed that the highest genetic similarity among the pure lines was (0.989) between the two pure lines (4) (LA4355) and (LA7371) (5). We conclude from these results it isn’t possible to use the pointers genetics of DNA for both types (ISSR and SSR) in finding the genetic signature of pure lines of cherry tomato and its classification ame different groups and estimate the genetic distance between them for use in future education programs.
Assessing the Combining Ability and Gene Action Parameters of Double Crosses Hybrids of Gynoecious Cucumber in Protected Cultivation
Authors: Farhan A H , Adaee H A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the unheated greenhouses of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar in the fall season 2021. Enter six Inbred lines (C-A-1026, C-P-1027, C-L-1031, C-S-1029, C-K-1030 and C-M-1028) in a half-cross cross-crossing to produce fifteen individual crosses, which were introduced into another program to elicit 45 paired crosses in the spring period of 2022, then the paired crosses were planted (45 paired crosses, fifteen individual crosses, and the six Inbred lines) included in their composition, and compared (Kanz) to study the arithmetic averages, hybrid vigor, the General Specific Combining Ability and some other genetic parameters, in the autumn season 2022 in plastic houses and with three replications, according to the design of randomized complete sectors (RCBD). The mean squares showed highly significant variations and differences in most of the studied traits, as the paired hybrid (2×4) (5×6) was distinguished by the largest leaf area of 144.46 dm2 plant-1, while the paired hybrid (2×6) (3×4) was distinguished by the highest percentage. Contract reached 74% compared to other marital crosses. The results showed a superior genetic action, especially in the type (dominant × dominant), which was responsible for the transfer of genetic traits from parents to individual crosses and to their paired crosses, which obtained the largest part of the yield and its components, which indicates the possibility of improvement in crossbreeding).
Influence of Planting Dates and Biohealth on Growth and Yield of Physalis peruviana L. Plant
Authors: Hamid S M , Kanimarany S M S A , Ali S S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of planting dates and Biohealth on growth and yield of (Physalis Peruviana L.) plant at field of Directorate of Agriculture Research Center in Erbil, Kurdistan Region – Iraq. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three with nine treatments, and the experiment included three different Planting dates (2nd February, 17th February and 4th March) and Biohealth doses (0, 8, 16 g/1). The results of the experiment demonstrated that the first date of Planting (2nd February) produced early flowering and the greatest branch number. The maximum plant height and stem diameter were found from 4th March Planting. Moreover, the earliest flowering was recorded from the plant treated with 8 g/L Biohealth and control plant. The greatest numbers of branches and stem diameter were gained from the plant treated with Biohealth 8 g/l. The highest value of plant height was measured in the treatment (control plants + 4th March Planting), while the treatment of (Biohealth 8 g/l + 2nd February) was indicated the greatest number of branches. The shortest flowering period was recorded in the combination of (2nd February without Biohealth) and (2nd February with Biohealth 8 g/L). The best result of total Carotenoid in Physalis peruviana L fruits were gained from the first date (17th February) and third date (4th March) of Planting, while Biohealth 16 g/1 provided the best result of the total carotenoid. The best level of total carotenoid was investigated from the treatment (2nd February + Biohealth 16 g/l).
Effect of Administration of Zinc and Ginseng on Reproductive Performance and Level of Some Hormones of Local Ewes
Authors: Dakheel H A , Asker A S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to estimate the effect of administration of zinc and different levels of ginseng on progesterone, estrogen hormones, and reproductive parameters in sheep. This study used twenty-five local Iraqi ewes with body weights ranging from 35 to 40 kg and ages ranging from 2–4 years. The animals were divided randomly into five equal groups (five animals per group). The first group (T1) was treated with oral capsules of ginseng containing 250 mg. The second group (T2) received an oral capsule containing 500 mg of ginseng. The third (T3) group was given an oral capsule containing 750 mg of ginseng. The 4th group (T4) was treated with an oral solution of zinc acetate at a concentration of 6.4 mg/L. The 5th group (T5) was a control group. The results of this study showed that progesterone and estrogen levels showed no significant differences between the control and treated groups during the study periods. All of the ewes (25 ewes) gave birth; 19 (76%) of the 25 ewes gave birth to a single animal, while 6 (24%) were delivered as twins. There was a significant difference in lambing and twining rates between the groups. It was concluded that zinc acetate and ginseng had a positive effect on reproductive performance in local Iraqi ewes.
Impact of Adding Chitosan and Probiotic to Broiler Dietary on Productive Performance
Authors: Hassan A O , Al- Jabari Q H A , Mustafa N A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted at animal production farms at Kosar Agricultural Research Company in Arbil from July 20, 2022, to August 24, 2022 (35 days). This study aims to examine the impact of adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers on their productive performance. A total of 144 unsexed broiler chicks from Ross 308 were used in this study. The chicks were of average weight (43 g) at one-day old. These chicks were divided into six treatments with three replicates (8 per treatment). The first treatment was without any addition (control treatment); the second treatment was adding 1 g/kg of probiotic; the third treatment was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan; the fourth treatment was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan; the fifth treatment was adding 0.5 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic; and the sixth treatment was adding 1 g/kg of chitosan plus 1 g/kg of probiotic. The foundation of this study was that there was a significantly increasing (P< 0.05) in the live body weight for T5, and a significantly increasing (P< 0.05) in the average of weight gain for T1. The average feed consumption for T2 and T3 improved significantly (P< 0.05), and the average FCR for T2 and T3 improved significantly (P< 0.05). According to the findings of this study, adding chitosan and probiotics to the diets of broilers improved their productivity.
Effect of Different Levels of Copper and Copper Nanoparticles with or without Vitamin E and Vitamin C on the Growth Parameters of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Hamid H M , Mutar H A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fish laboratories of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar (Postgraduate Laboratory) for a period of 120 days, the 182 fish were distributed to the (26) experimental pounds, at a rate of 7 fish / pond, and the feeding rate was (3%) of the body weight They were divided into three meals, and the addition of copper sulfate and nano copper with and without vitamin (C, E) in the diets and the concentration of the additives was expressed by mg−1/ kg and concentration of vit E150 and C 300 was as follows :- (T1 control) diet without additives, (T2) diet +5mg CuNps, (T3) diet + 5mg CuNps + vitamin E, (T4) diet +5 mg CuNps + vitamin C (T5) diet + 100 mg CuNps (T6) diet + 100 mg CuNps + vitamin E,(T7) diet + 100 mg CuNps + vitamin C, (T8) diet +5 mg CuSo4, (T9) diet +5 mg CuSo4 + vitamin E (T10) diet +5 mg CuSo4 + vitamin C (T11) diet + 100 mg CuSo4 (T12) diet + 100 mg CuSo4+ vitamin E (T13) diet + 100 mg CuSo4 + Vitamin C, . The mean of initial body weight was (28.63 ± 3gm) and the mean of the bio mass was (200.41 gm). The (fourth) treatment, followed by the (tenth) treatment, was significantly superior (P≤0.001). The (fifth) treatment, followed by the (eleventh) treatment, decreased significantly with regard to (WG), (DWG), (SGR), (RGR), and (FER). As for the (FCR), the (fifth)treatment was significantly superior (P≤0.001), and the fourth treatment was significantly lower than the rest of the treatments and control.
Relationship Study Between Total Length with Otolith Length and Thickness in Two Fish Species: Coptodon zillii (Gervais,1848) and Cyprinus carpio” (Linnaeus,1758)
Authors: Ghazwan M I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed new indications that may clarify the relationships between the total and standard lengths, and the length of the otolith, as well as the thickness and weight of these bones compared to the body weights of two different species of invasive fish in the Iraqi aquatic environment, the common carp Cyprinus carpio of the Cyprinidae family, and the common Tilapia. Coptodon zillii, from the Cichlidae family. The results showed that the otolith were not related to some of the vital characteristics of the studied fish, and there were differences in the correlation coefficient between some vital measurements with high significant degrees at levels (0.01) and (0.05), when comparing the otolith from the two sides of the head from the right. While the rest is for one individual and between individuals of the two different species.
Effect of Dietary Fumaric Acid on Growth Performance and some Biochemical Parameters in Broiler
Authors: Allaw A A , Hatem Q Z , Kamil Y M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research work is evaluate effect of supplementation different levels of fumaric acid at two different times on productive performance and several serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 360 (day-old) chicks were used for 35 days. Chicks were randomly distributed among five treatments, each treatment included three replicates (24 chicks /replicate). Experimental treatments included fumaric acid 0, 1, 1.5 g / kg feed, which was presented to the birds in two stages, the first at the age of 10 days, the second at the age of 20 days in the diet. The results showed that the treatments added to fumaric recorded a significant increase in body weight, weight gain, and the amount of feed ingested. And there were no significant differences in the feed conversion factor, and the biochemical parameters showed that fumaric intake reduces glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood of birds. It did not show an effect of the time of addition.
Individual and Combining Effect of Adding Astaxanthin and Magnolol Compared to Vitamin E to the Diet on Productive Performance and some Indicators of Oxidative Stress and Liver Enzymes in Laying Hens Serum
Authors: Th Ahmed M , Nafea H H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study is to know the Individual and synergistic effect of adding astaxanthin and magnolol compared to vitamin E on productive performance and some indicators of oxidative stress and liver enzymes in the blood serum of laying hens type Lohman Brown, the experiment continued for five periods (28 days, period−1) from 3/20/2022 to 8/7/2022 (20 weeks), in which 120 laying hens of 52 weeks of age were used, distributed randomly to eight experimental treatments, with five replicates for one treatment and three chickens for one replicate, the treatments included: the first treatment (control treatment) basal diet without addition, the second treatment adding vitamin E 300 mg/kg feed, the third and fourth treatments adding astaxanthin 200 and 400 mg/kg feed sequentially, the fifth and sixth treatments adding magnolol 200 and 400 mg/kg of feed sequentially and the seventh and eighth treatments added a mixture of astaxanthin 100 mg/kg of feed + magnolol 100 mg/kg of feed and 200 mg/kg of feed + magnolol 200 mg/kg of feed sequentially to the diet. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the different experimental treatments in the percentage of cumulative egg production (140 days). We conclude from the study that the addition of natural antioxidants to the diet leads to an improvement in productive performance and some Indicators of oxidative stress in the serum of aged laying hens that were reared during temperate and hot times in Iraqi climates.
Effect of Adding Dry Leaves of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) To the Diet on Some Biochemical Tests of Blood in Broiler (Ross 308)
Authors: Al-Azzami A A , Mohammed Th T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment aimed to improve the physiological characteristics of (ROSS 308) broiler chickens by using lemongrass as a natural antioxidant and vitamin E as a synthetic antioxidant, The experiment included four treatments in each treatment 36 chicks distributed over three replications randomly (12 chicks / replicate), the chicks were distributed to the treatments randomly in the experiment: the first treatment: T1: control and it was without any addition to the diet, the second treatment T2: the diet contained On 300 mg of vitamin E per kg of feed, as for the third and fourth treatment, powder of 5 g / kg of feed and 10 g / kg of feed of lemongrass were added, respectively. The experiment included studying Biochemical tests of blood. The results of the study showed that the addition of lemongrass was significantly superior (P≤0.05) in the blood plasma proteins of broiler chickens. It also improved the results of the lipidprofile test in broiler. The results also showed that the addition of different levels of lemongrass and vitamin E to the diet reduced the activity of liver enzymes. (AST, ALT) of broiler compared with the control treatment of the experiment.