bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 2: Evaluation of Solitary Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Dabholkar Jyoti 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Solitary thyroid nodules (STNs)/thyroid nodules (TNs) are among the common clinical conditions encountered by surgeons/clinicians across the country. Appropriate management of this condition is essential and crucial to the delivery of proper care for these patients as their outcomes in terms of survival are excellent. Inappropriate management is likely to increase the morbidity of treatment and alter the prognosis for these patients. Hence, in this article, we have devised the flow of management for patients with STN/TN by the latest available evidence from across the globe and the country.
Chapter 5: Surgery for Neck in Well-differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Vaidya Abhishek , Sarin Deepak 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Thyroid cancers frequently metastasize to neck nodes. However, most of these are occult micrometastases with no impact on survival, while only a small percentage have clinically apparent neck nodes. The impact of nodal metastases on overall survival is very low, as compared to other head-neck sites and pathologies. Hence the surgical management of neck nodes has to be balanced with the likely morbidity of these procedures. This narrative review deals with the management of neck nodal metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancers.
Role of Transcranial Ultrasound and Doppler Studies to Evaluate Intracranial Pathologies in Preterm and High-risk Term Neonates
Authors: Kaushal Mohit , Sahu Niranjan , Pattanaik Rajesh , Das Somadatta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Transcranial grayscale neurosonography (NSG) and Doppler studies have major role in diagnosing neonate intracranial pathologies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of NSG and Doppler studies in correlation with clinical hypotonia and seizures in preterm neonates and high-risk term neonates. The prevalence of intracranial pathology is the second aim of this study.

Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was done in a tertiary care teaching hospital for 2 years. The study population of 120 cases comprised two groups: one group of 60 preterm neonates and the other of 60 high-risk term neonates with a history of well-defined episode of fetal distress. The NSG and Doppler findings (resistance index ≤0.62 is the optimum cutoff point for diagnosing perinatal asphyxia) are recorded. The sensitivity and specificity values for the NSG study alone, the Doppler study alone, and the combined NSG and Doppler studies are calculated.

Results:
The majority (46%) of preterm neonates had presented with germinal matrix hemorrhage, whereas a majority (46%) of high-risk term neonates had presented with periventricular and subcortical cysts. Comparison of the sensitivity of NSG versus Doppler versus combined NSG and Doppler in evaluating hypotonia and seizures in preterm (P = 0.0442) and high-risk term neonates (P = 0.0399) was significant.

Conclusion:
NSG combined with the Doppler study has significantly higher sensitivity than NSG alone in both groups. The specificity of the Doppler study is also high in both groups. Thus, it is strongly recommended to include Doppler during every NSG study to increase the detection rate.
An evaluation of cephalometric predictors of anterior open bite; An assessment of dental and skeletal parameters in an orthodontic population
Authors: Umeh Onyinye D. , Chegwe Sylvester , Utomi Ifeoma L. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusion is one of the highly challenging malocclusions. Cephalometric radiographs have been used for the diagnosis of occlusal anomalies in the vertical and anteroposterior directions. This study aims to compare skeletal and dental features in open and non-open bite subjects to identify factors that help predict and categorize open bites in a Nigerian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of 82 patients were recruited into this study. This study comprised 41 AOB patients and 41 (Class 1 malocclusion) patients (control group). The radiographs were obtained from the orthodontic unit, Department of Child Dental Health of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba Lagos. Cephalometric tracing and analysis of the obtained radiographs were used to identify and compare the skeletal and dental differences between the two groups.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the participants was 20.47 ± 8.05 years. The patients consisted of 26 (31.7%) males and 56 (68.3%) females. There was a significant difference in the open bite depth indicator (ODI) of the open bite (P value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the vertical skeletal parameters – lower facial height (LFH), total facial height (TFH), posterior facial height (PFH), Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), mandibular-maxillary angle (MMA), and gonial angle in the AOB group compared to the control group. The vertical height of the dentoalveolar segments measured was all significantly increased in the open bite group compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION:
The results suggest that the skeletal and dental vertical parameters, including ODI of the open bite subjects, varied compared with the non-open bite subjects in the Nigerian population studied and could be used to predict AOB tendency.
Distilling lessons from home hospital implementation: a narrative scoping review
Authors: Wong Shi Yin , Teo Yao Neng , Wo Yu Jun , Lim Cher Wee , Lai Yi Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Multiple Cochrane Reviews have demonstrated ‘hospital at home’ (HaH) as a promising healthcare model to be explored, with benefits such as higher care quality, reduced readmissions, shorter lengths of stay, lower cost and greater patient satisfaction. While there have been many reviews focusing on the quantitative clinical outcomes of HaH, there is generally a lack of collation of qualitative insights from stakeholders and lessons learnt from past HaH implementation.

Methods:
We performed a systematic literature search on four databases and included 17 papers involving the provision of acute and/or subacute care by healthcare professionals in patients’ homes. Review characteristics and relevant outcomes were extracted from the reported findings and tables in the reviews, and these included stakeholder attitudes and factors contributing to the success of HaH implementation.

Results:
Factors relating to patients and caregivers included home setup, preference for care and death settings, and support for caregiver. Factors involving the healthcare professionals and intervention included a multidisciplinary care team, accessibility to emergency care and support, training of providers and patients, adequate manpower allocation, robust eligibility and referral criteria, sufficient awareness of the HaH referral pathway, communication and medication management.

Conclusion:
HaH presents a promising alternative care model, and many of the success factors identified, including the strong push for multidisciplinary single care teams, existing frameworks for data sharing and strong community network, are already present today. As such, Singapore appears to be well positioned to adopt a new care model like HaH.
Falls from height in children: epidemiology and outcome
Authors: Kong Kar Yee Catrin , Tham Lai Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Childhood injury is one of the leading causes of death globally, with falls being the sixth leading cause. This study aimed to examine the demographics, patterns of injury and temporal risk factors for falls from height above 3 m in Singapore.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study conducted on patients who presented after a fall to a paediatric emergency department at a tertiary hospital between January 2011 and July 2017. Electronic medical records were reviewed to extract demographics and data on the patterns of injuries. Criteria for inclusion were patients under 18 years of age and the occurrence of fall from a height of 3 m or above.

Results:
A total of 149 children met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 10 years and 69.1% were boys. Death occurred in two (1.3%) cases; 84 (56.4%) were admitted and survived. Of those admitted, five (3.4%) required care in the intensive care unit and 11 (7.4%) required surgery. Falls occurred mostly at homes or residential buildings (n = 59, 39.6%). The two cases of mortality were due to falls from windows at homes. Twenty (33.9%) children fell from windows at homes, with two requiring admission to the intensive care unit.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that falls from windows of homes are an important cause of mortality. Height of fall was also an important predictor of morbidity that led to a higher level of hospitalisation care. Preventive measures should be implemented to ensure safety in high-rise residential buildings to prevent paediatric falls from heights.
An updated analysis on myocarditis and pericarditis cases reported following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Singapore
Authors: Tham Mun Yee , Chan Cheng Leng , Toh Dorothy , Poh Jalene , Lim Adena , Soh Sally , Peck Li Fung , Foo Belinda , Ng Amelia , Ng Patricia , Ang Pei San , Dorajoo Sreemanee , Teo Desmond , Lim Toon Wei , Lim Yean Teng , Choo Jonathan , Ding Zee Pin , Yeo Khung Keong , Yap Jonathan , Tan Hui Xing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been associated with myocarditis/pericarditis, especially in young males. We evaluated the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis following mRNA vaccines by brand, age, sex and dose number in Singapore.

Methods:
Adverse event reports of myocarditis/pericarditis following mRNA vaccines received by the Health Sciences Authority from 30 December 2020 to 25 July 2022 were included, with a data lock on 30 September 2022. Case adjudication was done by an independent panel of cardiologists using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. Reporting rates were compared with expected rates using historical data from 2018 to 2020.

Results:
Of the 152 adjudicated cases, males comprised 75.0%. The median age was 30 years. Most cases occurred after Dose 2 (49.3%). The median time to onset was 2 days. Reporting rates were highest in males aged 12–17 years for both primary series (11.5 [95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7–18.4] per 100,000 doses, post-Dose 2) and following booster doses (7.1 [95% CI 3.0–13.9] per 100,000 doses). In children aged 5–11 years, myocarditis remained very rare (0.2 per 100,000 doses). The reporting rates for Booster 1 were generally similar or lower than those for Dose 2.

Conclusions:
The risk of myocarditis/pericarditis with mRNA vaccines was highest in adolescent males following Dose 2, and this was higher than historically observed background rates. Most cases were clinically mild. The risk of myocarditis should be weighed against the benefits of receiving an mRNA vaccine, keeping in mind that SARS-CoV-2 infections carry substantial risks of myocarditis/pericarditis, as well as the evolving landscape of the disease.
An empty tomb at the heart of childhood
Authors: Horovitz Monica 
Published: February 2024

After presenting a clinical case where we can see how horror invades the mind because it is impossible to contain the experience in a narrative, the author elaborates a psychoanalytic phenomenology of the process of victimization by the victim's own environment. As a result of this designation by the group, the more subjective aspects of this process remain hidden.
The condition of victim does not belong to the subject. It is the group to which the victim belongs to that designates as a victim, or not, the person who has been subjected to violence. A catastrophic rupture disrupts the intra-psychic and interpersonal balances and radically changes the relationship between psychic reality and social reality. These two different realities merge to the point that both subject and group experience a confusion between external and internal worlds. Archaic anxieties are then reactivated, filled with psychotic elements associated with a reaction of suspicion, itself produced by insecurity in the face of the disintegration of all stable references. Danger permeates the most undifferentiated group mentality. This experience, of which nothing can be learned, reinforces the components of omnipotence and strengthens the illusion that it would be possible to avoid all forms of pain.
Towards a dynamic earthquake risk framework for Switzerland
Authors: Böse Maren , Danciu Laurentiu , Papadopoulos Athanasios , Clinton John , Cauzzi Carlo , Dallo Irina , Mizrahi Leila , Diehl Tobias , Bergamo Paolo , Reuland Yves , Fichtner Andreas , Roth Philippe , Haslinger Florian , Massin Frédérick , Valenzuela Nadja , Blagojević Nikola , Bodenmann Lukas , Chatzi Eleni , Fäh Donat , Glueer Franziska , Han Marta , Heiniger Lukas , Janusz Paulina , Jozinović Dario , Kästli Philipp , Lanza Federica , Lee Timothy , Martakis Panagiotis , Marti Michèle , Meier Men-Andrin , Mena Cabrera Banu , Mesimeri Maria , Obermann Anne , Sanchez-Pastor Pilar , Scarabello Luca , Schmid Nicolas , Shynkarenko Anastasiia , Stojadinović Bozidar , Giardini Domenico , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Scientists from different disciplines at ETH Zurich are developing a dynamic, harmonised, and user-centred earthquake risk framework for Switzerland, relying on a continuously evolving earthquake catalogue generated by the Swiss Seismological Service (SED) using the national seismic networks. This framework uses all available information to assess seismic risk at various stages and facilitates widespread dissemination and communication of the resulting information. Earthquake risk products and services include operational earthquake (loss) forecasting (OE(L)F), earthquake early warning (EEW), ShakeMaps, rapid impact assessment (RIA), structural health monitoring (SHM), and recovery and rebuilding efforts (RRE). Standardisation of products and workflows across various applications is essential for achieving broad adoption, universal recognition, and maximum synergies. In the Swiss dynamic earthquake risk framework, the harmonisation of products into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software is a crucial component. A user-centred approach utilising quantitative and qualitative social science tools like online surveys and focus groups is a significant innovation featured in all products and services. Here we report on the key considerations and developments of the framework and its components. This paper may serve as a reference guide for other countries wishing to establish similar services for seismic risk reduction.
Differences in morphometric parameters of the lower third of the face and neck in men and women
Authors: Istranov A. L. , Plotnikova M. V. , Serova N. S. , Shchekoturov I. O. , Reshetov I. V. 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study: to study the morphometric parameters of lower third of the face and neck in men and women to identify the points of application of surgical correction of lower third of the face and neck.Material and methods. A study of 100 computed tomograms of the head of Europeans (50 men and women) was conducted using the Vitrea Core program (Netherlands). During the study of the material, the main morphometric parameters of the lower third of the face and neck were determined and analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out using the StatTech v. 3.0.9 program (Stattech LLC, Kazan, Russia).Results. When studying 100 computed tomograms of the head of Europeans, the main morphometric indicators of the lower third of the face and neck were determined. Characteristic differences in the anatomical structure of the studied computed tomography of the heads of men and women were revealed. It was revealed that the significant difference in the length of the face (from the border of hair growth on the forehead to the lower point of the chin) in men is on average 12.4 mm greater than in women. The significant difference in the height of the lower part of the face (from the border of the nasal septum and the skin of the upper lip to the lower point of the chin) of men and women is on average 10.60 mm. The significant difference in height from the deepest point of the nose root to the lowest point of the chin of men and women is on average (12.23 ± 9.48) mm. The significant difference in width between the projections of the bases of the coronal processes in men is on average 5.10 mm greater than in women. The significant difference in the distance between the gonial angles of men and women is on average 9.85 mm. The significant difference in chin height between the central incisors in men is on average 5.00 mm greater than in women. The significant difference in the length of half of the body of the lower jaw (from the angle of the lower jaw to the lower point of the chin) of men and women is on average 6.00 mm. The significant difference in the chin-neck angle formed by the intersection of the chin and neck lines of women and men on average is (18.17 ± 2.98) degrees.Conclusion. The presented data can help practitioners to determine the target points of application of surgical correction more accurately of the lower third of the face and neck to improve the social adaptation of patients.
Morphological rationale for the application of titanium nickelide in reconstructive surgery of the diaphragm
Authors: Topolnitskiy E. B. , Shefer N. A. , Yunusov A. N. , Fomina T. I. , Marchenko E. S. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of the study: to experimentally study the morphological features of the reaction of diaphragm tissue to porous titanium nickelide in comparison with medical felt.Materials and methods. A series of experiments was carried out on 20 rats. The animals were divided into two comparison groups: in the main group (n = 10), the reaction of diaphragm tissue to an implant made of titanium nickelide was studied; in the control group (n = 10), an implant made of medical felt (fluoroplastic-4) was used. Animals were removed from the experiment 14, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery. A histological study of the reaction of the diaphragm tissue to the implant was carried out, as well as the structural behavior of the material under study.Results. Macroscopically, after 14 days in the main group, a local adhesive process was noted. In the long term, the implant was covered with a thin connective tissue film without signs of inflammation. In the control group, after 14 days, phenomena of inflammatory infiltration with organ involvement were observed. After 30 days, the inflammatory infiltrate persisted with the formation of a connective tissue capsule. The implant increased in size with deformation, swelling, and in the long term, disintegration of the structure. Histologically, on the 14th day in both groups, granulation tissue formed between the implant and the diaphragm. By the 30th day in the main group, the number and thickness of collagen fibers increased, they filled the porous structure of the material. In the control group, the appearance of giant multinucleated cells was noted between the felt fibers, which are indicators of the body's tissue reaction to foreign material. On the 60th day in the main group, a regenerate of mature connective tissue formed around the implant, filling the pores of the material and spreading to the muscle fibers of the diaphragm. In the control group, a picture of productive granulomatous inflammation with phenomena of biodegradation of the material was observed.Conclusion. The results of the experiment demonstrated the absolute advantage of titanium nickelide in reconstructive surgery of the diaphragm. At the same time, the disadvantages of using medical felt associated with the body’s reaction to the material as a foreign body and the tendency to resorption are noted.
La transmisión textual del Memorial “Sacra, católica, real majestad” de Francisco de Quevedo
Authors: Parga Fernando Plata 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A reappraisal of the textual tradition of Quevedo’s Memorial against the taxation policies of Olivares, which contributed to the writer’s imprisonment at San Marcos in León (1639). An analysis of the variants in 44 manuscripts and two early printed editions yields a complex picture of the tradition of a text that circulated initially in a clandestine, anonymous fashion.
Sátiras contra el rey en la España del siglo XVII
Authors: Usunáriz Jesús M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Satire in verse became a significant element of political culture in the factional struggles at the Spanish court. While the favorites and ministers have been studied in regards to the use of political satire, this work aims to examine the attacks against the king, how these evolved during the Habsburg reigns, and how they shaped a lasting image of the monarchs.
Ícaros y Luciferes: referencias mitológicas y bíblicas en la sátira política del siglo XVII
Authors: Usunáriz-Iribertegui Miren 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article aims to analyze the allusive nature of the references in the political satire of the Spanish Golden Age. The identification of some historical figures with episodes from classical mythology or from the Bible is a usual device in the satire about historic characters.
On the Value of Sad Music
Authors: Attie-Picker Mario , Venkatesan Tara , Newman George E. , Knobe Joshua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many people appear to attach great value to sad music. But why? One way to gain insight into this question is to turn away from music and look instead at why people value sad conversations. In the case of conversations, the answer seems to be that expressing sadness creates a sense of genuine connection. We propose that sad music can also have this type of value. Listening to a sad song can give one a sense of genuine connection. We then explore the nature of this value in two experimental studies. The results suggest a striking relationship between music and conversation. People see something distinctively musical in works that express precisely those emotions that they think most create connection within conversation.
“The Aberrant Is the Classic”: William Carlos Williams and Literary History
Authors: Cavender Anne L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The “classic” is a vexed term in the work of William Carlos Williams. He uses the category to describe both the stale classicism of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound and, conversely, the authentic, “aberrant” classic of James Joyce and surrealism. Analyzing unpublished archival manuscripts alongside the posthumously published collection of essays, The Embodiment of Knowledge, I approach the classic through Williams's theories of pedagogy. Williams parodies and rejects academic modes of reading that cling to the “malignant rigidities” of the past. Yet Paterson and The Embodiment also theorize the reader's interpretive power to disrupt any homogenizing conformity latent in the literary tradition. This dissonant hermeneutics can recuperate the classics and represents a form of resistance to a binary logic of past versus present, or European versus American literature.
Interthematic Polarization
Authors: Dellsén Finnur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In recent epistemology, belief polarization is generally defined as a process by which a disagreement on a single proposition becomes more extreme over time. Outside of the philosophical literature, however, “polarization” is often used for a different epistemic phenomenon, namely the process by which people's beliefs on unrelated topics become increasingly correlated over time. This paper argues that the latter type of polarization, here labeled interthematic polarization, is often rational from each individual's point of view. This suggests that belief polarization is not necessarily a failure of individual rationality, but instead a failure of the social structures within which we live our epistemic lives.