bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis of Brain Tissue During Head Impacts Using Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Cerebrospinal Fluid Models
Authors: Hemmati Parnian , Prins Mayumi L. , Giza Christopher C. , Kavehpour H. Pirouz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused mainly by external head impacts poses significant health concerns globally. Understanding the mechanics behind TBI during head impacts is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this study, the fluid–structure interaction within the system comprising the skull, brain, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled gap is investigated using finite element methods (FEM). Unlike most studies that model CSF as a solid, this research models CSF as a fluid, focusing on its fluid dynamics and their impact on brain tissue response to external head impacts. Additionally, this study is the first to model CSF as a non-Newtonian fluid, exploring its influence on injury metrics compared to a Newtonian CSF model. The results demonstrate significant pressure build-up and shear rate variations within the CSF due to impact. The model shows that maximum strain values are concentrated in the central regions of the brain tissue rather than at its interface with the CSF. Comparative analysis of the first and third principal strains shows that the tissue experiences twice as much compressive strain compared to tensile strain. Further, the comparison between Newtonian and non-Newtonian CSF models shows that the non-Newtonian model results in lower shear rates. This leads to a decrease in tissue strain, with a 4.3% reduction in the first principal strain and a 6.7% reduction in the third principal strain for the non-Newtonian CSF model. These findings underscore the importance of accurately modeling CSF properties to better understand TBI mechanisms.
Investigations on Formability Enhancement of Friction Stir Tailor-Welded Blanks
Authors: Konar Subhajit , Gautam Vijay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Experimental and numerical investigations on the formability of longitudinally butt-welded tailor-welded blank of the same thickness prepared by friction stir welding are presented in this article. The friction stir-welding technique involves a solid-state stirring mechanism to butt weld the two blanks of aluminum alloy AA5083 and AA6082 both in the annealed state. To study the effect of welded region on formability, experiments are performed on tailor-welded blanks with and without the annealing operation. The tensile properties of the parent sheets, welded blanks, and welded region are determined by performing standard uniaxial tension tests. The elastic properties, true stress–true strain, and anisotropic data sets are used in the material model for the prediction of failure strains to develop forming limit plots. The predicted results from finite element analysis are validated with the experimental results obtained from the limiting dome height test. The annealing is observed to enhance the formability of the friction stir tailor-welded blank (FSTWB) by almost 13% in plane strain and equibiaxial stretch conditions.
Mooring Optimization of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine With Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Machado Lucas do V. , Shadman Milad , Maali Amiri Mojtaba , Estefen Segen Farid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The majority of the world’s wind resources are located in water depths that exceed 60 m, making the use of bottom-mounted structures both difficult and expensive. Consequently, the complexity of the dynamics between the floating structures and turbines has led to an increase in the number of studies on floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) solutions. Designing optimal mooring arrangements for large-scale FOWT is currently a significant challenge. A metaheuristic solution is advised for the resolution of a complex optimization problem, such as the mooring configuration of a floating wind turbine. The evolutionary algorithms are among these, and they employ mechanisms that are inspired by biological evolution. The genetic algorithm (GA) is a multi-objective search and optimization algorithm that is derived from Darwin’s theory of evolution. It is classified as an evolutionary algorithm. It integrates the concept of survival of the fittest with the principle of randomized information exchange. According to the literature, hydrostatic and frequency-domain models are frequently applied in conjunction with multi-objective optimization algorithms, including the GA, for the purpose of optimizing FOWT. However, these models are less precise than time-domain models. The objective of this study is to optimize the mooring system of a FOWT through the use of time-domain simulations in OpenFAST. An in-house code is created to perform OpenFAST calculations and employ GA to determine the most optimal mooring arrangements for specific design variables that satisfy predefined multi-objectives while adhering to all specific constraints for the FOWT. Lastly, the optimized configurations are compared to the accidental limit state (ALS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) for the mooring system in a damaged state. The UMaine VolturnUS-S semisubmersible platform is optimized using the newly devised process to optimize power quality and reduce line costs.
Outcomes used to measure the clinical application of neonatal palliative and/or end-of-life care in neonatal settings: a systematic review
Authors: Gallagher Katie , Chant Kathy , Parisi Veronica , Patel Mehali , Dunbar Helena , Paize Fauzia , Bertaud Sophie , Agyepong Agnes , Mancini Alexandra , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Marlow Neil 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesStandardised reporting of outcomes in neonatal palliative and/or end-of-life care would facilitate comparison of practice and lead to more informed decisions about practice. We systematically reviewed evidence evaluating outcomes currently used to characterise the clinical provision of palliative and/or end-of-life care in neonatal settings.MethodsA systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was undertaken using Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, OVID PsycINFO, OVID MIDIRIS and EBSCOhost CINAHL. No date or language restrictions were used. Studies were included if they measured or reported outcomes related to the clinical practice of neonatal palliative care in a neonatal unit.ResultsOf 7998 records identified through database searching, 20 articles were included. Identified studies were retrospective chart reviews. No studies used standardised outcomes and all used proxy outcome measures. Results were organised according to the WHO domains of paediatric palliative care. All studies (n=20) reported documentation of physical symptoms and functional status (physical domain); six documented parental emotional and support needs (psychological domain); four reported sibling support and wider family presence (social and cultural domain), and three reported support from spiritual services (spiritual domain).ConclusionDespite neonatal death accounting for the largest category of child death under 5 years of age, there are no standardised outcomes from which to characterise or develop clinical practice. Developing a core outcome set for neonatal palliative and end-of-life care would ensure that services can be compared using reliably collected and collated data and help advance care in this area.
Methodology for promoting equity-informed research in sport and exercise medicine: recommendations from the AMSSM Collaborative Research Network
Authors: Rizzone Katherine H , Agnew Megan , Kliethermes Stephanie A , Arthur Megan Nicole , Burton Monique , Day Carly , Nicholson Caitlin , Ray Julia , Stern Nicole , Drezner Jonathan A , Kroshus Emily , Blauwet Cheri 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundLimited guidance exists for conducting research on health disparities within the field of sport and exercise medicine (SEM). This review aimed to identify and summarise existing best practices for conducting equitable, diverse and inclusive research within SEM.MethodsA narrative review with evidence synthesis was conducted using electronic databases, reference lists, manual searches and relevant publications from other organisations. Search terms associated with steps of the research process were used in tandem with ‘equity’, ‘inclusion’ and ‘health disparities’.ResultsWe developed a research roadmap for SEM researchers with methodological recommendations to develop and conduct equity-informed and equity-focused research. This roadmap serves as a tool for SEM researchers and clinicians to design, execute and disseminate research with a health disparities lens. We recommend SEM researchers should build an equitable, diverse and inclusive research team and include community members; apply a multilevel, intersectional framework; minimise and acknowledge potential biases in the study design and incorporate qualitative or mixed-methods approaches if appropriate; apply multiple inclusive strategies for recruiting and retaining diverse populations; collect accurate and representative data using inclusive data collection methods and tools with validity and reliability in the populations of interest; apply measures with evidence of validity and reliability in the populations of interest; implement a data analysis plan that reflects the conceptual and theoretical frameworks; and promote broad dissemination and interventions that ultimately address and reduce health inequities.ConclusionSEM researchers should consider these methodological recommendations to conduct equity-informed and equity-focused research to address health disparities in SEM.
Lifestyle risk reduction engagement during interconception: a qualitative descriptive study of women’s preferences
Authors: James Sharon , Ratcliffe Sarah E , Assifi Anisa Rojanapenkul , Botfield Jessica , Black Kirsten , Hanson Mark , Mazza Danielle 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPrevention and self-management of lifestyle risks can reduce non-communicable disease risks and improve the health of mothers and their children. We explored Australian women’s preferences for lifestyle risk reduction engagement during the interconception period.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative descriptive interview study between February and May 2022. Women and people who have been pregnant and intended to have more children were recruited. We asked participants about their preferences for lifestyle risk reduction between pregnancies. Following reflexive thematic analysis, we conceptualised findings using the COM-B system.ResultsAmong 17 participants, most had given birth to one child and intended to have another child in 1 to 2 years. Our analysis found that most described lifestyle risk reduction engagement through nutrition and exercise, informed by personal experiences and their health goals for a future pregnancy/child. Key attributes affecting engagement in lifestyle risk reduction activities included their feasibility and practicality, habits and routines, motivation, pregnancy planning, and the source and quality of information. Participants’ capacity and capability to engage in lifestyles supportive of interconception health were varied and influenced by juggling the routines of work, finances, health and evolving caring responsibilities. Community-based influences, including the availability of recreational infrastructure, the level of support provided by partners/family/peers and culture, also influenced participants’ engagement in lifestyle risk reduction activities.ConclusionsFor lifestyles that encourage interconception health, maximising participants’ capability and opportunities required motivation and access to infrastructure supportive of healthy meal options and exercise, health services and community networks.
Trends in syphilis and syphilitic uveitis among South Korean adults in 2010–2019: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim EunAh , Ryu Soorack , Song Su Jeong 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic and management patterns of ocular syphilis in South Korea.MethodsThis retrospective nationwide cohort study analysed health claim data from 2010 to 2019 for individuals aged ≥20 years diagnosed with syphilis, with follow-up through 2021. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates were calculated for ocular conditions including anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis and optic neuritis. Diagnostic and management trends were evaluated, and multivariate Cox regression analyses assessed the impact of demographic factors and comorbidities.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, the incidence rate of syphilis increased from 99.1 to 136.1 per 100 000. Among the 448 085 syphilis cases, 5118 developed anterior uveitis, 777 posterior uveitis, 551 panuveitis and 80 optic neuritis. While all types of uveitis showed increasing trends, anterior uveitis exhibited the steepest rise from 0.18 per 100 000 in 2010 to 1.40 per 100 000 in 2021. Diagnostic practices for ocular syphilis included 80.4% for dilated fundus examination, 73.7% for fundus photography and 11.0% for fluorescein angiography. Laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy were performed in 5.7% and 4.5% of patients with uveitis, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that each additional year of age increased the risk for anterior and posterior uveitis by 4% and optic neuritis by 2%. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia increased the risk of one or more ocular syphilis manifestations.ConclusionIn 2010–2019, the incidence of syphilis in South Korea significantly increased, with rates higher than previous studies. Age, sex and metabolic comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of ocular syphilis. These results indicate the need for vigilance in screening for ocular syphilis, and the importance of comprehensive eye examinations in patients with syphilis.
High-Rate Preparation of Fluorocarbon Film Using Tetrafluoromethane Gas and a Graphite Electrode by High-Pressure (100 Torr) Plasma
Authors: Ohmi Hiromasa , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Kikura Jou , Oda Yuga , Ueno Mizuki , Kakiuchi Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

High-rate preparation of fluorocarbon (FC) films was achieved using high-pressure (100 Torr) narrow-gap plasma with tetrafluoromethane (CF4) gas and a solid graphite electrode. The graphite electrode acted as an effective source of carbon atoms, which decreased the fluorine/carbon ratio of the reaction system. The deposition rate (R
d) increased as the substrate temperature decreased. The highest R
d achieved for an FC film in this study was 1.3 μm min−1. CF2 radicals were the main precursors for FC film formation in this technique and an electrode temperature of >650 °C was required to enhance the chemical reaction between graphite and fluorine atoms. R
d did not increase monotonically with increases in the CF4 concentration, and the maximum R
d was achieved at a CF4 concentration of 50%. Infrared absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the FC films contained CF3 groups, and that the fluorine/carbon ratio of the prepared FC films was almost one. The water contact angles of the FC films varied from 108° to 130° depending on the film thickness. Visible-light transmittance decreased markedly with increasing film thickness, whereas NIR transmittance was relatively insensitive to the film thickness.
Revealing layer-specific cortical activity in human M1 using high-resolution line-scanning fMRI
Authors: Nothnagel Nils , Morgan A. Tyler , Muckli Lars , Goense Jozien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, ultra-high field functional MRI has allowed researchers to study cortical activity at high spatiotemporal resolution. Advancements in technology have made it possible to perform fMRI of cortical laminae, which is crucial for understanding and mapping of local circuits and overall brain function. Unlike invasive electrophysiology, fMRI provides a non-invasive approach to studying human and animal brain function. However, achieving high spatial resolution has often meant sacrificing temporal resolution. In contrast, line-scanning fMRI maintains both high spatial and temporal resolution, and has been successfully applied to animals to detect laminar differences of the hemodynamic response. Although this method has been extended to human brain imaging in initial studies, staying within SAR safety limits while maintaining a well-defined saturation profile at a short TR is a major challenge. We present a method for gradient-echo-based human line-scanning that uses four saturation regions to achieve a line with narrow FWHM (3.9 mm) at high spatiotemporal resolution (voxel size 0.39 x 3.0 x 3.0 mm3, TR = 250 ms). We demonstrate its use for laminar fMRI by measuring laminar time courses in the hand knob of the primary human motor cortex during a finger-tapping task. Our findings indicate differences in the onset and temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic response across cortical layers. Deeper layers exhibited distinct temporal dynamics compared with the gray matter near the cortical surface. Specifically, the BOLD response reached 95% of the maximum amplitude earlier than the superficial layers, and demonstrated a faster return to baseline after stimulus offset. We demonstrate that line-scanning fMRI offers a valuable tool for investigating recordings at a very high temporal and spatial resolution and could help advance our understanding of the mechanistic nature of the BOLD response.
Is the Lack of Inter-referee Reliability a Threat to the Effectiveness of Peer Review in Science?
Authors: Wray K. Brad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many have criticized the peer-review system employed in scientific publication because of the apparent lack of inter-referee reliability. It is often remarked that if referees cannot agree about the quality of a scientific manuscript, then the selection of manuscripts for publication is arbitrary. Some critics have even called for abolishing pre-publication peer-review. I argue that too much emphasis has been put on inter-referee reliability. As such, a lack of inter-referee reliability in the current peer-review system is not damning for the system. I argue that peer review is effective at finding mistakes.
Vacuous Diversity: Caste and Secularism in Indian Diplomacy
Authors: Krishna Sankaran 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Through the life and times of Mani Shankar Aiyar (b. 1941), this article shows the centrality of caste in the conduct of Indian diplomacy and the ways in which a commitment to an anaemic secularism diverts our attention from such casteism. Aiyar exemplifies the schizoid character of an Indian diplomatic class wherein a rhetorical commitment to egalitarianism, secularism and anti-racism is often accompanied by casteist elitism and disdain for those regarded as less meritorious and cultured than oneself. Diplomatic practice, facility in English and allegiance to a narrow definition of secularism are critical components in the production and sustenance of inequality, distinction and status within India. By focusing on Aiyar’s memoirs, public pronouncements and political life, this study critically engages the study of diplomacy and international relations in post-independence India.
Bundling Procedures in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: Should It Be Done?
Authors: Shin Hannah , Young Amy , Morgan Madison E. , Kim Hanna , Brown Catherine T. , Moore Katherine , Lamberg James J. , Perea Lindsey L. 
Published: January 2025

Background The precautions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic led to the growing practice of bundling lines in patients requiring intubation. Our study aims to examine the effect of immediate bundled lines (IBL) on traumatic injuries. We hypothesized that severely injured patients may benefit from IBL. Methods A retrospective review of all intubated trauma patients (1/2015-12/2020) at a Level I Trauma Center was conducted. Patients ≤18 years and those who died or were transferred prior to intensive care unit (ICU) admission were excluded. IBL was defined as placement of central venous catheter (CVC) and arterial line (AL) ≤4 hours after intubation. Delayed lines were any lines placed >4 hours after intubation. Primary outcome was time from intubation to CVC and AL. Results 728 patients were included. The majority received CVC and/or AL with 17.7% in a delayed fashion. Severe head injury (AIS ≥3) most often had immediate AL or delayed bundled lines ( P < 0.001). IBL were more common with gunshot wounds (GSW) ( P < 0.001) and blood transfusions ( P < 0.001). IBL were associated with significantly lower GCS ( P = 0.018) and higher median ISS. Multivariate logistic regression revealed severe/profound ISS, GSW, and pedestrian struck were predictive of IBL. Discussion Intubated trauma patients who presented with certain mechanisms (GSW, pedestrian struck), received blood transfusions, or exhibited severe/profound ISS may be more likely to receive IBL. IBL is not superior to either immediate AL or to no lines in terms of mortality. No lines had a significant effect on ICU LOS or hospital LOS, except in the setting of severe head injury.
Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (UCEEM) of a dental program in Jouf University and Qassim University: A bi-institutional study
Authors: Sghaireen Mohammed Ghazi , Kanwal Humera , Shah Shahzad Ali , Bader Alzarea K , Almaeen Saud Hamdan , Khan Zafar Ali , Issrani Rakhi , Prabhu Namdeo 
Published: January 2025

Background There has been a growing interest in defining the educational environment in medical and dental institutes that includes different measures to rate and improve it. Evidence suggests that the educational environment directly impacts teaching, learning, well-being, and students’ involvement and their successful professional performance. The Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (UCEEM) is widely used in medical and allied health sciences institutions to evaluate students’ perceptions of their clinical learning environment. Objectives This study aimed to characterize and contrast how students in two Saudi Arabian dental institutes’ bachelor's degree programs perceive their clinical learning environment, to assess how the academic year influences the student behavior and perception as well as find out the strengths and weaknesses of each of the five domains of the questionnaire used in this study. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey study that was conducted from 15th October 2023 till 15th December 2023. Students from two Saudi Arabian colleges - College of Dentistry, Jouf University, and College of Dentistry, Qassim University who met the selection criteria were included in the study using the convenience-sampling method. A 38-item modified UCEEM questionnaire, piloted and tested for reliability and internal consistency, consists of 38 items congregated into five overarching dimensions and was mailed to the third-, fourth- and fifth-year UG students and interns of College of Dentistry, Jouf University, and Qassim University. The modified version was developed through quantitative data from various core groups, comprehensive dialogues with students, and the clinical committees of both colleges. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. Results The survey achieved a response rate of 69.0%. Among the respondents, there were 85 (57.8%) males and 62 (42.2%) females, aged between 23 and 32 years. The mean total score for all students was 138.45. Notably, students from Qassim University gave significantly higher scores than the students of Jouf University (p = 0.01). Furthermore, students from Qassim University provided higher ratings for most of the overarching dimensions of experiential learning as compared to the students of Jouf University. Conclusion The significant differences between universities highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve the quality of clinical education, particularly in areas related to supervision and experiential learning. We recommend implementing continuing education programs for supervisors to enhance their pedagogical competencies in overseeing students’ clinical practice.