bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring interspecific killing of Red Fox by Dingo from wounds and inter-canine distance measures – and a call for more data
Authors: Jordan Neil R , Campbell-Ward Michelle , Vandersteen James , Colman Nicholas , Alting Brendan , Gamage Dushmantha , Cairns Kylie M , Bell Mathew , Altuna Jose , Pitcher Benjamin J 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The role of the Dingo (variously Canis familiaris, C. familiaris dingo or C. lupus dingo, and hereafter C. dingo) in suppressing Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations in Australia has been investigated, with various data tending to show an inverse relationship between densities of the two species (e.g. Letnic et al. 2012; Johnson and VanDerWal 2009). There are very few examples in the literature where direct killing was either observed or inferred (but see Moseby et al. 2012), making each a valuable datapoint. Here, we present a short description of a young adult female Red Fox presumed to have been killed by Dingo in Myall Lakes National Park on the basis of: (1) the close proximity of a Dingo pack (within approximately 20m) to the carcass; (2) the overlap between recorded values of inter-canine distance in Dingo and the wounds on the Red Fox; and (3) the location of those wounds on the body.
In vitro Propagation of Lagenaria Siceraria: A Plant of the Cucurbitaceae Family with High Medicinal Value
Authors: Kabiru Theophilus , Njenga Peter K. 
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective: Lagenaria siceraria is extensively grown as a vegetable crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world as a source of food and for it’s medicinal potential. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimal conditions for plantlet regeneration of Lagenaria siceraria microshoots on various concentrations of benzyl amino purine and naphthalene acetic acid in vitro.
Materials and Methods: The research was designed as a completely randomized design. Shoot tips of Lagenaria siceraria were surface sterilized with sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) at different concentrations (0,3,4,5,6 and 7 mg/L) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solidified medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at different concentrations of (0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 and 3.0mg/L) for shoot induction and the obtained shoots were transferred to MS medium containing naphthaleneacetic Acid(NAA) at different concentrations (0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 AND 3.0mg/L) for root induction.
Results: Surface disinfection was optimal after immersion of shoot tips and/or nodal explants in cleaning detergent (5 min), ethanol 70% (1 min), and sodium hypochlorite 5mg/L (15 min). MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP was most effective in inducing shoot multiplication (100%), with an average of 4,33 shoots per explant after 4 weeks. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA was most appropriate for rooting (100%) with an average of 5.33 roots per shoot after 4 weeks.
Conclusion: shoots sterilized with 5mg/L NaOCl and inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/LBAP and 2.0 mg/L NAA were optimal conditions for the surface sterilization, shoot and root induction of Lagenaria siceraria shoots.
Interventions to Improve Potassium Availability in Light Textured Alfisols Supporting FCV Tobacco
Authors: Meghana K. , Bindu J. Poorna , Reddy D. Damodar , Rani I. Usha , Madhav M. Sheshu , Sreenivasulu K. N. 
Published: October 2023

Aim: To investigate the effect of soil inversion in conjugation with combined application of SOP with cheaper potassium supplements like tobacco stalk biochar (TS biochar) and barn wood ash (BWA) on potassium fractions in light textured sandy loam soils supporting FCV tobacco.
Study Design: Split plot design
Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-CTRI RS, Jeelugumilli, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with two main plots and seven sub-plots which are replicated thrice. The two main plots are consisting of soil inversion practices i.e., (i) soil inversion with MB plough (ii) without soil inversion and seven sub plot treatments viz., one without potassium, two sulphate of potash treatments at the rate of 100 % and 75 % of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), two TS Biochar treatments along with SOP and two BWA treatments along with SOP at the rate of 100 % and 75 % RDK each. Soil Samples were collected at 60 DAP to study various potassium fractions in the soil.
Results: Results indicated that mean water-soluble potassium has been increased from 17.90 mg kg-1 in without soil inversion to 27.61 mg kg-1 in with soil inversion respectively and among the potassium input management practices highest mean water-soluble potassium of 26.60 mg kg-1 was observed in S4 [100% K through SOP + Tobacco Stalk Biochar (1:1)] treated plots which is on par with S2 [100% K through SOP]. An increase in soil mean exchangeable potassium from 40.07 mg kg-1 without soil inversion to 58.79 mg kg-1 with soil inversion was observed and among the potassium input management practices the highest available potassium was observed in S4 [100% K through SOP + Tobacco Stalk Biochar (1:1)] treated plots with a mean value of 60.14 mg kg-1 which was on par with S6 [100% K through SOP + Barn wood ash (1:1)].
Conclusion: Both soil inversion and potassium input management has improved the water soluble, exhangeable K in soil while no much influence on non-exchangeable and total K were observed.
A Comparative Study between Pleural Fluid Cholesterol and Light’s Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion
Authors: Majmundar Aarjuv , Nouni Harshita H. , Mehta Vaibhav , Lakhani Sucheta J. , Lakhani Jitendra D. , Darda Shubham 
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims: When the production and buildup of pleural fluid overwhelm its absorption, pleural effusion develops. Pleural effusions are classified as either exudates or transudates based on their pathogenesis. In order to treat the patient rationally, it is critical to make an appropriate etiological diagnosis. Discrimination between transudates and exudates using Light's criteria may require additional testing, however employing pleural fluid cholesterol makes diagnosis possible with only pleural fluid analysis.
Materials and Methods: This comparative study included 140 patients with pleural effusions. Pleural effusions were determined to be transudative or exudative based on etiological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of each test for the diagnosis of an exudative effusion were assessed.
Results: The pleural fluid cholesterol levels showed a sensitivity of 97.95%, a specificity of 95.23% (P < 0.0001), a positive predictive value of 97.95% and a negative predictive value of 95.23%. The ROC curve analysis (receiver operating characteristic curve) of pleural fluid cholesterol with a cut-off of 45 mg/dl showed an area under the curve of 0.986.
Conclusions: The pleural cholesterol level can be utilized as a biomarker to identify an exudative effusion and replace Light’s criteria. It also eliminates the need for simultaneous blood sampling.
Adherence to CPAP Treatment and the Risk of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Sánchez-de-la-Torre Manuel , Gracia-Lavedan Esther , Benitez Ivan D. , Sánchez-de-la-Torre Alicia , Moncusí-Moix Anna , Torres Gerard , Loffler Kelly , Woodman Richard , Adams Robert , Labarca Gonzalo , Dreyse Jorge , Eulenburg Christine , Thunström Erik , Glantz Helena , Peker Yüksel , Anderson Craig , McEvoy Doug , Barbé Ferran 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is highly debated.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials.Data SourcesPubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Current Controlled Trials: metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ISRCTN Registry, European Union clinical trials database, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched through June 22, 2023.Study SelectionFor qualitative and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials addressing the therapeutic effect of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in adults with cardiovascular disease and OSA were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers independently screened records, evaluated potentially eligible primary studies in full text, extracted data, and cross-checked errors. IPD were requested from authors of the selected studies (SAVE [NCT00738179], ISAACC [NCT01335087], and RICCADSA [NCT00519597]).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOne-stage and 2-stage IPD meta-analyses were completed to estimate the effect of CPAP treatment on risk of recurrent major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) using mixed-effect Cox regression models. Additionally, an on-treatment analysis with marginal structural Cox models using inverse probability of treatment weighting was fitted to assess the effect of good adherence to CPAP (≥4 hours per day).ResultsA total of 4186 individual participants were evaluated (82.1% men; mean [SD] body mass index, 28.9 [4.5]; mean [SD] age, 61.2 [8.7] years; mean [SD] apnea-hypopnea index, 31.2 [17] events per hour; 71% with hypertension; 50.1% receiving CPAP [mean {SD} adherence, 3.1 {2.4} hours per day]; 49.9% not receiving CPAP [usual care], mean [SD] follow-up, 3.25 [1.8] years). The main outcome was defined as the first MACCE, which was similar for the CPAP and no CPAP groups (hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.87-1.17]). However, an on-treatment analysis by marginal structural model revealed a reduced risk of MACCEs associated with good adherence to CPAP (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.52-0.92]).Conclusions and RelevanceAdherence to CPAP was associated with a reduced MACCE recurrence risk, suggesting that treatment adherence is a key factor in secondary cardiovascular prevention in patients with OSA.
Ethical Aspects of Physician Decision-Making for Deprescribing Among Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Norton Jonathan D. , Zeng Chan , Bayliss Elizabeth A. , Shetterly Susan M. , Williams Nicole , Reeve Emily , Wynia Matthew K. , Green Ariel R. , Drace Melanie L. , Gleason Kathy S. , Sheehan Orla C. , Boyd Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePhysicians endorse deprescribing of risky or unnecessary medications for older adults (aged ≥65 years) with dementia, but there is a lack of information on what influences decisions to deprescribe in this population.ObjectiveTo understand how physicians make decisions to deprescribe for older adults with moderate dementia and ethical and pragmatic concerns influencing those decisions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional national mailed survey study of a random sample of 3000 primary care physicians from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile who care for older adults was conducted from January 15 to December 31, 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe study randomized participants to consider 2 clinical scenarios in which a physician may decide to deprescribe a medication for older adults with moderate dementia: 1 in which the medication could cause an adverse drug event if continued and the other in which there is no evidence of benefit. Participants ranked 9 factors related to possible ethical and pragmatic concerns through best-worst scaling methods (from greatest barrier to smallest barrier to deprescribing). Conditional logit regression quantified the relative importance for each factor as a barrier to deprescribing.ResultsA total of 890 physicians (35.0%) returned surveys; 511 (57.4%) were male, and the mean (SD) years since graduation was 26.0 (11.7). Most physicians had a primary specialty in family practice (50.4% [449 of 890]) and internal medicine (43.5% [387 of 890]). A total of 689 surveys were sufficiently complete to analyze. In both clinical scenarios, the 2 greatest barriers to deprescribing were (1) the patient or family reporting symptomatic benefit from the medication (beneficence and autonomy) and (2) the medication having been prescribed by another physician (autonomy and nonmaleficence). The least influential factor was ease of paying for the medication (justice).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this national survey study of primary care physicians suggests that understanding ethical aspects of physician decision-making can inform clinician education about medication management and deprescribing decisions for older adults with moderate dementia.
HIF‐1α Contributes to Hypoxia‐induced VSMC Proliferation and Migration by Regulating Autophagy in Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Huang Ben , Chen Nan , Chen Zhenhang , Shen Jinqiang , Zhang Hao , Wang Chunsheng , Sun Yongxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractType A aortic dissection (AD) is a catastrophic cardiovascular disease. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and autophagy are reported to be upregulated in the AD specimens. However, the interaction between HIF‐1α and autophagy in the pathogenesis of AD remains to be explored. HIF‐1α and LC3 levels are evaluated in 10 AD and 10 normal aortic specimens. MDC staining, autophagic vacuoles, and autophagic flux are detected in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) under hypoxia treatment. CCK‐8, transwell, and wound healing assay are used to identify proliferation and migration under hypoxia treatment. Furthermore, 3‐MA is used to inhibit autophagy in hypoxia‐treated HASMCs. This study reveals that AD tissues highly express HIF‐1α and the LC3. Autophagy is induced under hypoxia in a time‐dependent manner, and autophagy is positively related to HIF‐1α in HASMCs. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of HASMCs are enhanced by hypoxia, whereas the knockdown of HIF‐1α attenuates this effect. Additionally, inhibiting autophagy with 3‐MA ameliorates hypoxia‐induced proliferation and migration of HASMCs. In summary, the above results indicate that HIF‐1α facilitates HASMC proliferation and migration by upregulating autophagy in a hypoxic microenvironment. Thus, inhibition of autophagy may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AD.
An almost globally stable adaptive phase‐locked loop for synchronization of a voltage source converter to a weak grid
Authors: Zonetti Daniele , Bobtsov Alexey , Ortega Romeo , Nikolaev Nikolay , Gomis‐Bellmunt Oriol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we are interested in the problem of adaptive synchronization of a voltage source converter with a possibly weak grid with unknown angle and frequency. To guarantee a suitable synchronization with the angle of the three‐phase grid voltage we design an adaptive observer for such a signal requiring measurements only at the point of common coupling. Then we propose an alternative certainty‐equivalent, adaptive phase‐locked loop that ensures the angle estimation error goes to zero for almost all initial conditions. Although well‐known, for the sake of completeness, we also present a PI controller with feedforward action that ensures the converter currents converge to an arbitrary desired value. Relevance of the theoretical results and their robustness to variation of the grid parameters are thoroughly discussed and validated in the challenging scenario of a converter connected to a grid with low short‐circuit‐ratio.
Review of Separator Modification Strategies: Targeting Undesired Anion Transport in Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur/Selenium/Iodine Batteries
Authors: Xu Jing , Qiu Yashuang , Yang Jianhao , Li Haolin , Han Pingan , Jin Yang , Liu Hao , Sun Bing , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRechargeable sodium–sulfur/selenium/iodine (Na–S/Se/I2) batteries are regarded as promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems, with the advantages of high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the electrochemical performances of Na–S/Se/I2 batteries are still restricted by several inherent issues, including the “shuttle effect” of polysulfides/polyselenides/polyiodides (PSs/PSes/PIs), sluggish kinetics of the conversion reactions at the cathodes, and Na dendrite growth at the anodes. Among these challenges, uncontrolled “shuttle effect” of PSs/PSes/PIs is a major contributing factor for the irreversible loss of active cathode materials and severe side reactions on Na metal anodes, leading to rapid failure of the batteries. Separator modification has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to suppress the shuttling of PSs/PSes/PIs. Herein, the latest achievement in modifying separators for high‐performance Na–S/Se/I2 batteries is comprehensively reviewed. The reaction mechanisms of each battery system are first discussed. Then, strategies of separator modification based on the different functions for regulating the transportation of PSs/PSes/PIs are summarized, including applying electrostatic repulsive interaction, introducing conductive layers, improving sieving effects, enhancing chemisorption capability, and adding efficient electrocatalysts. Finally, future perspectives on the practical application of modified separators in high‐energy rechargeable batteries are provided.
Bone Hierarchical Structure: Heterogeneity and Uniformity
Authors: Rodriguez‐Palomo Adrian , Østergaard Maja , Birkedal Henrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBone has a complex hierarchical structure with structural integration from nm to cm. The understanding of bone structure is developing rapidly due to improvements in available methodologies that allow unravelling structures across several length scales. These methods include advances in electron microscopy, in particular, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques, X‐ray imaging, X‐ray diffraction tomography (XRD‐CT), and tensor tomography (small angle X‐ray scattering tensor tomgraphy, SAXS‐TT and wide angle X‐ray scattering tensor tomgraphy, WAXS‐TT). Special emphasis is placed on the latter X‐ray techniques that are emerging into powerful tools. Through a review of selected recent results on the structure of the bone matrix as well as the lacuno‐canalicular network housing the osteocyte cells of bone, it is proposed that bone is more heterogeneous than typically described and that local variation in composition and crystallography may play a significant role in bone biology in health and disease.
A Review on Knitted Flexible Strain Sensors for Human Activity Monitoring
Authors: Liu Lu , Liang Xinhua , Wan Xiaoqian , Kuang Xiaoju , Zhang Zhenfang , Jiang Gaoming , Dong Zhijia , Chen Chaoyu , Cong Honglian , He Haijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe recent surge in using wearable personalized devices has made it increasingly important to flexible textile‐based sensors that can be worn comfortably and can sense various body strains. Among them, the knit‐based flexible strain sensors (KFSS) show growing promise for human activity monitoring applications due to its processing flexibility, low cost, wearing comfortability, large strain performance, and high elastic recovery rate. Herein, five sensing mechanisms of knitted flexible strain sensors containing contact resistance, length resistance, tunneling effect, micro‐crack propagation, and disconnection mechanism are summarized, which can be used on different human activity strain conditions, e.g., physiological activities and limb activities. The main fabrication approaches, including knitting techniques, post‐processing techniques, embroidery, and sewing techniques are discussed. Six crucial parameters with corresponding calculation formulas for evaluating sensing performance and review specific applications of KFSS for human limb activity and physiological activity monitoring in healthcare, motion tracking, safety protection, and human–machine interaction are also described. Finally, the tough challenges and prospects of KFSS with the aim of providing meaningful guidance and direction for future research are critically analyzed.
How to Consider the Interfacial Phenomenon in All‐Solid‐State Batteries? – Quantitative Analysis using µ‐Cavity Electrode
Authors: Yun Ji‐Su , Mukhan Orynbassar , Cho Woosuk , Yu Ji‐Sang , Munakata Hirokazu , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Kim Sung‐Soo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the intrinsic properties of cathode active particles is required to understand how they depend on the charge transfer resistance at solid–liquid or solid‐solid interfaces. Depth‐of‐discharge (DOD)‐dependent charge transport occurs when lithium ions move from the bulk electrolyte to the cathode active particles. However, composite electrodes consist of unevenly distributed active material, conductive additives, and polymeric binder, which complicates the electron/ion conduction path; hence, estimating the DOD‐dependent charge transfer resistance is difficult. However, micro‐sized spherical cathode active particles can be arranged into a cylindrical cavity trap on a microelectrode to evaluate the interfacial behavior of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode active particles in liquid and solid electrolyte systems. The electrochemical parameters calculated from the resultant Tafel plot can encourage meaningful discussions and demonstrate the reliability of the measurement technique.
A Hundreds‐Milliampere‐Hour‐Scale Solid‐State Aluminum–Sulfur Pouch Cell
Authors: Huang Zheng , Li Shijie , Wang Zhe , Wang Wei , Lei Haiping , Jiao Shuqiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAluminum‐sulfur (Al–S) batteries are exploited as an ideal power source for grid‐scale energy storage due to the abundant Al and S resources and superior safety. However, the short lifespan and lack of appropriate current collectors for positive electrodes have restricted the large‐size manufacture and practicability of Al–S batteries. Here a solid‐state electrolyte and current collector‐free positive electrode are demonstrated to construct a large‐size solid‐state Al–S pouch cell. The ionic liquid‐impregnated metal–organic‐framework solid electrolytes are filled into the gel polymer electrolyte to achieve the large‐size production of composite solid‐state electrolyte (MSE@GPE). Meanwhile, the MSE@GPE electrolytes, serving as the binder and ionic conductor, are introduced into sulfur‐anchored cobalt/nitrogen co‐doped graphene to prepare an all‐in‐one composite sulfur‐positive electrode without a current collector. The as‐assembled Al–S pouch cell delivers a reversible capacity of 288 mAh and a cell‐level energy density of >90 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, the cycle life of this Al–S pouch cell can reach over 400 times with capacity retention of 80%, benefiting from the significant inhibiting effect of MSE@GPE electrolyte on the shuttle effect of polysulfide. The results provide a path for fabricating practical Al–S batteries, narrowing the gap between their high theoretical specific energy and the realization in practical operation.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) photosynthetic and water use efficiency response to dairy‐amended biochar
Authors: Laan Maggi , Kayler Zachary E. , Huerta Jamie , Strawn Daniel G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown in a greenhouse under a combination of treatments that tested the effects of two types of biochar amended with fermentation solids and dairy lagoon effluent at high and low levels of phosphorus fertilization. We hypothesized that a modified biochar dosed with iron in combination with a dairy amendment would yield the greatest photosynthetic assimilation rates of CO2 and water use efficiency. Furthermore, we hypothesized that these rates may differ between photosynthate demand represented by plant developmental stages, specifically the tillering, stem elongation, and heading stages. We found that photosynthetic assimilation was greatest at the tillering stage. Plant water use efficiency increased with commercially available fertilizer. Plant biomass at harvest was greatest among the chemical fertilizer (high and low levels of phosphorus fertilization) and low‐level fertilization of dairy lagoon, fermentation solid, and an iron dosed biochar. The results suggest that while the dairy‐amended biochar can maintain plant growth, it is not necessarily achieved through improved photosynthesis or water use.