bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to morphine as indicators of chronic morphine intoxication and impaired immune reactivity
Authors: GAMALEYA NATALIA , TRONNIKOV SERGEI , ULYANOVA LUDMILA , KLIMOVA SVETLANA , DMITRIEVA IRINA 
Published: August 2003

AbstractChronic morphine treatment of rats for 2 and 4 weeks led to an increase in morphine‐binding cells in the spleen, despite the general reduction of mononuclear cell content in the spleen and thymus. Simultaneously, serum antibodies to morphine (AbM) in haemagglutination titres 1:20 and higher appeared in 50% and 80% of animals, respectively. Animals with high titres of AbM had much weaker immune response to a thymus‐dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells). In humans chronic opiate intoxication was accompanied by significant reduction of functional activity of T‐lymphocytes, which was especially dramatic in addicts with high levels of antibodies to morphine: high incidence of infection was obvious in the latter group. Results suggest that high levels of antibodies to morphine serve as indicators, not only of chronic morphine intoxication, but of impaired immune reactivity, especially involving T‐cell functional activity.
Book and Media Reviews
Authors: COOK CHRIS 
Published: August 2003

Books review in this article: Book reviews in this column will primarily be of titles focusing completely, or in part, on biological aspects of addiction. However, significant titles of general relevance to the addictions field will also be included, even if they are not “biological”, as will titles of general methodological and clinical relevance, even if they are not on “addictions”. Similar considerations will apply to other media (software, audio tapes and CDs, videos, etc.). However, specific “addictions” software applications seem to be relatively uncommon and, as these items are rarely reviewed elsewhere, we will endeavour to include reviews of some of the older programmes that are still useful, as well as new titles that appear. I would appreciate suggestions of any items suitable for review, but especially software and other media of specific relevance to the addictions. Books: Alcohol and Public Policy H. D. HOLDER & G. EDWARDS (Eds) Treatment of the Addictions—Applications of Outcome Research for Clinical Management NORMAN S. MILLER (Ed.) Alcoholism and Ageing: An Annotated Bibliography and Review N. J. OSGOOD, H. E. WOOD & I. A. PARHAM Integrating Behavioral Therapies with Medications in the Treatment of Drug Depen‐dence. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 150 L. S. ONKEN, J. D. BLAINE & J. J. BOREN (Eds) Alcohol Problems in the Community LARRY HARRISON (Ed.) Models for Mental Disorder: Conceptual Models in Psychiatry, 2nd edition P. TYRER & D. STEINBERG The Thread of Life. The Story of Genes and Genetic Engineering SUSAN ALDRIDGE Handbook of Molecular and Cellular Methods in Biology and Medicine P. B. KAUFMAN, W. WU, D. KIM & L. J. CSEKE Clinical Chemistry, 3rd edition WILLIAM J. MARSHALL Models in Biology: Mathematics, Statistics and Computing D. BROWN & P. ROTHERY Software: eBNF (Electronic British National Formulary) No. 30 TICTAC: The Identification CD‐ROM for Tablets and Capsules JOHN RAMSEY (Ed.) DRUGDATA: A new computer program about drug use in the 1990s J. COHEN & J. KAY Videos: LAAM: And Other Treatment for Opiate Addiction
The Rhodococcus sp. Cocaine Esterase: A Bacterial Candidate for Novel Pharmacokinetic‐based Therapies for Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , Clementi Emilio , Polticelli Fabio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractCocaine is a powerful central nervous stimulant and among the most abused of drugs. Despite decades of efforts, however, no effective pharmacological treatments are available against cocaine addiction or toxic effects. Classical receptor‐antagonist therapeutic approaches have not yielded significant effects, although cocaine targets are well known, thus fostering development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Recent evidence indicates that a sensible approach for treatment of cocaine abuse could be to interfere with cocaine pharmacokinetics, i.e. by preventing the drug from reaching the receptors responsible for its biological effects. Administration of cocaine binding antibodies as well as catalytic antibodies and enzymes that hydrolyze cocaine represent potential alternative therapeutic approach(es). The discovery of the cocaine esterase from the strain MB1 of the bacterium Rhodococcus sp. (cocE) could be a major breakthrough in this field; cocE hydrolyzes cocaine faster than any known cocaine esterase and catalytic antibody. IUBMB Life, 55: 397‐402, 2003
IRS‐1 Regulation in Health and Disease
Authors: Schmitz‐Peiffer Carsten , Whitehead Jonathan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe global incidence of diabetes is increasing at epidemic rates. Estimates suggest there are currently 150 million people with diabetes and this number is expected to double in the next 20 years. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 95% of all cases and is characterized in part by impaired sensitivity to insulin or 'insulin resistance'. Defects in the insulin signalling pathways underpin this resistance. In the current article we discuss the regulation of Insulin Receptor Substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), a protein that plays a pivotal role in insulin signalling and whose function is impaired in subjects with insulin resistance. Coordination of IRS‐1 function is multi‐faceted, involving phosphorylation of IRS‐1 at multiple serine/threonine residues. This controls many aspects of IRS‐1, including its interaction with the insulin receptor and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as its subcellular distribution and targeting for degradation by the proteasome. Such tight control ensures appropriate transduction and attenuation of the insulin signal, thereby regulating insulin action in healthy individuals. Emerging evidence indicates that 'diabetogenic factors' associated with insulin resistance, such as TNF αand elevated circulating fatty acids, impact on insulin signalling at the level of IRS‐1 serine/threonine phosphorylation. The expression and/or activity of several kinases, such as I κB kinase β(IKK β) and salt‐induced kinase 2 (SIK2), and the phosphorylation of IRS‐1 at key sites, such as Ser307 and Ser789, are increased in states of insulin resistance. Identifying the pathways by which such factors activate these and other kinases, and defining the precise roles of specific serine/threonine phosphorylation events in IRS‐1 regulation, represent important goals which may eventually provide a rationale for therapeutic intervention. IUBMB Life, 55: 367‐374, 2003
Triggering of Apoptosis is not Sufficient to Induce Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gene Expression
Authors: Oakley Jacqueline , Taher Mohiuddin , Hershey Chad , Aggarwal Puneet , Estwani Isam , Valerie Kristoffer 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe examined whether there is any causative link between apoptosis and HIV gene expression elicited in response to ultraviolet light (UV) and ionizing radiation (IR). We found that both UV and IR activate HIV gene expression in human T lymphoblastoid 1G5 (HIVluc) cells, but with different kinetics and magnitudes. Treatment with either type of radiation resulted in increased apoptosis, which correlated closely with HIV gene expression. The involvement of caspases in the IR response was demonstrated by using zVAD‐FMK and zDEVD‐FMK caspase inhibitors; both apoptosis and HIV gene expression were inhibited to similar extent. Surprisingly, treatment of 1G5 cells with FAS antibody triggered apoptosis but did not increase HIV gene expression. A correlation between increased apoptosis and gene expression was also demonstrated in human carcinoma HIVcat/A549 cells with UV whereas IR triggered apoptosis but did not activate HIV gene expression. Most significantly, UV activation of HIV gene expression, and NF‐ κB and p38 MAP kinase, both important for efficient HIV gene expression, were not affected by treatment with the zVAD‐FMK and zDEVD‐FMK inhibitors. Treatment of HIVcat/A549 cells with staurosporine or scrape‐loading of cells with cytochrome c resulted in apoptosis but no increase in HIV gene expression. Altogether, a direct correlation exists between apoptosis and HIV gene expression in T‐cells in response to both UV and IR but this is not the case in carcinoma cells. Triggering of apoptosis per se in either cell type does not necessarily result in increased HIV gene expression. Most importantly, the apoptotic and HIV gene expression responses elicited by UV are different to some extent and can be separated. IUBMB Life, 55: 415‐427, 2003
Effect of Moderate Acute Exercise on Expression of mRNA Involved in the Calcineurin Signaling Pathway in Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Hitomi Yoshiaki , Kizaki Takako , Katsumura Toshihito , Mizuno Masao , Itoh Choh‐ei , Esaki Kazuki , Fujioka Yasunori , Takemasa Tohru , Haga Shukoh , Ohno Hideki 
Published: August 2003

AbstractCalcineurin, a calcium‐regulated protein phosphatase, activates gene expression specific to slow muscle fibers by dephosphorylating a family of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which cooperates with myocyte enhancer factor‐2 (MEF2) and AP‐1. However, it remains unknown how acute exercise influences this signaling pathway and leads to the development of slow muscle fibers. In the present study, we investigated the effect of moderate acute exercise on mRNA expression of genes in the calcineurin signaling pathway in human skeletal muscle. Five healthy volunteers underwent 1 h bicycle ergometer at 50%VO 2 max, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected before and after exercise. Four hours after exercise, alterations in mRNA expression of NFAT 1 S‐ S3 were observed with a wide variety among subjects, while c‐fos mRNA was significantly induced in all subjects. By contrast, the expression of calcineurin, MEF2, and myocyte‐enriched calcineurin‐interacting protein 1 (MCIP1) remained unchanged. These results suggest that even moderate acute exercise may change mRNA expression of genes in the calcineurin‐signaling pathway. IUBMB Life, 55: 409‐413, 2003
Redox Reactions and Electron Transfer Across the Red Cell Membrane
Authors: Kennett Eleanor , Kuchel Philip 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPlasma membrane electron transport systems appear to be ubiquitous. These systems are implicated in hormone signal transduction, cell growth and differentiation events as well as protection from oxidative stress. The red blood cell is constantly exposed to oxidative stress; protection against the reactive species generated during this process may be the main role of its membrane electron transport systems. Membrane redox activity has been studied for over three‐quarters of a century, and yet many questions remain regarding its identity and likely roles: are electron transfers by distinct and specific mechanisms; what are the physiological donors and acceptors; and how do these systems affect metabolism? Current evidence suggests that the human erythrocyte membrane contains a number of distinct electron transfer systems, some of which, at least, involve membrane proteins, and NADH or ascorbate as electron donors. The activity of these systems appears to be closely related to the metabolic state of the cell, suggesting that mediation of reducing equivalents across the plasma membrane allows redox buffering of each environment, intra‐ and extracellular, by the other. We have decided to study this from a new perspective, NMR spectroscopy the area of our own technical expertise, hence this review is slanted towards this more recent analysis. IUBMB Life, 55: 375‐385, 2003
Functional Role of Caspases in Sphingosine‐Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chiu , Hsu Chin , Hsu Hseng‐Kuang , Yang Rei‐Cheng 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe have previously shown that sphingosine increased caspase‐3 activity and induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Our data also suggest that other caspases may be involved in sphingosine‐triggered apoptosis. In order to clarify this issue, we used different approaches to study the functional role of several initiator or executioner caspases in apoptosis induced by sphingosine. Activation of procaspases‐2, ‐7, and ‐8, was clearly demonstrated during sphingosine‐triggered apoptosis. Pretreatment with chemical inhibitors for caspase‐7 and ‐8, attenuated apoptotic cell death induced by sphingosine. Conversely, pretreatment with specific caspase‐2 inhibitor Z‐VDVAD‐FMK did not show any protective effect. In addition, enforced expression of constitutively activated AKT kinase which is known to inhibit apoptosis induced by sphingosine, potently suppressed activation of procaspases‐7 and ‐8. In summary, these data suggest that in addition to caspases‐3, caspase‐7 and ‐8 are involved in the apoptosis induced by sphingosine. IUBMB Life, 55: 403‐407, 2003
Toque una Ranchera, Por Favor
Authors: Cravey Altha J. 
Published: August 2003

This paper explores the literal spaces of transnational social reproduction for Latinos and Latinas in central North Carolina and the US South. Examining these spaces and circuits of social reproduction can enhance our understanding of globalization by making globalization processes at once less abstract and less indisputable. Attention to social reproduction is important for understanding and theorizing globalization and, more significantly, for imagining and constructing alternative forms of globalization.Inspired to pursue certain freedoms and immediate goals, transnational migrants live and breath alternative models of globalization in their everyday activities. Responding less to neo‐liberal and more to human‐centered values, transnational migrants demonstrate that different principles can guide the construction of contemporary globalizations. Ethnographic evidence from Mexican transnational migrants suggests that the intimate and distant social connections that constitute Latinos' translocal way of living help to facilitate the very same globalizing labor markets that entice and propel migrants to seek “greener pastures” in the US South.
Knee disorders in the general population and their relation to occupation
Authors: Baker P , Reading I , Cooper C , Coggon D 
Published: September 2003

Background:Hospital based studies of occupational risk factors for knee disorders are complicated by the possibility of selective referral to hospital of people whose work is made difficult by their symptoms.Aims:To explore the extent of such bias and to assess the association of meniscal injury with occupational activities.Methods:A questionnaire was mailed to a community sample of 2806 men aged 20–59 years in southern England. This asked about lifetime occupational and sporting activities, and any history of knee symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer. Rates of hospital referral were compared in symptomatic men according to their occupational activities. In a nested case-control investigation, the occupational activities of 67 men who reported meniscectomy were compared with those of 335 controls.Results:Among 1404 men who responded to the questionnaire, the lifetime prevalence of knee symptoms was 54%, and in 70% of cases the symptoms had started suddenly, usually while playing sport. Symptomatic men whose work entailed kneeling or squatting were more likely to be referred to an orthopaedic surgeon than the average (28% and 31% versus 24%), especially if they experienced locking of the knee (69% and 73% versus 43%). In the nested case-control study, meniscectomy was associated with playing soccer and work that involved regular kneeling or squatting.Conclusions:Results suggest that hospital referral for knee symptoms is influenced to some extent by patients’ occupational activities. Playing soccer is confirmed as a strong risk factor for knee cartilage injury.
On Subordination of Convolution Semigroups
Authors: Othman Sonia Ben , Bouaziz Slim , Hmissi Mohamed 
Published: August 2003

Let μ := (μt)t > 0 be a convolution semigroup on ℝd endowed with its Lebesgue measure λ. Let ℳ(μ) be the set of all positive Borel measures ω on ℝd for which μt * ω ≪ λ, for each t > 0. Let EX(μ) be the set of all exit laws of μ, i.e.the set of Borel functions φ :]0, ∞[× ℝd ↦ [0, ∞] which verifies the functional equation (by putting φt := φ(t, .)) [Formula: see text] Under some λ-regularity assumptions, it is proved in this paper that EX(μ) can be identified with ℳ(μ). Moreover, let μβ be the convolution semigroup obtained by subordination of μ by a subordinator β (i.e. [Formula: see text] where β is a convolution semigroup on [0,∞[). It is also proved in this paper that, an exit law ψ of μβ is subordinated to some exit law of μ, if and only if ω belongs to ℳ(μ) where ω ∈ ℳ(μβ) is the associated measure to ψ by the preceding identification.
CoCTelS, A Model to Compose Private Adaptive Bouquets of Services in Telecom Networks
Authors: Choukair Zied 
Published: August 2003

New multimedia telecom commercial services are expected to embody a rich set of customized elementary services implementing customized behaviors. These challenges in a competitive telecom environment can benefit from the set up of a model to support the composition of private adaptive bouquets of services from elementary services and aspects. Our model named CoCTelS (Composition and Customization of Telecommunication Services) provides an environment in which to compose telecommunication services and non-functional aspects (behaviors, profiles and preferences). The generated private bouquets are virtual as the elementary services which compose them are shared : A private connector is generated to provide a call interface to the bouquet owner which take in charge the coordination of each execution and refer to the shared elementary services and aspects. A first implementation is provided and tested for private weather broadcast bouquet composition. This example is intended to show the feasibility, but more complex bunches will be developed based on the model. The paper shows how a bunch is composed according to the end-user's selections when configuring his bouquet out of line and then discuss automatable proof obligations. We also present our evaluation of the approach that has been carried out and the future work.
THE ROMANS AND US: STRABO'S GEOGRAPHY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF ETHNICITY
Authors: Van Der Vliet Edward Ch.L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study how ethnographic descriptions and categories in Strabo's Geography might be used in the construction of representations of ethnicity. Departing from, in particular, R. Cohen's approach of ethnicity as constructed through nesting dichotomizations, Strabo's text is studied on the basis of the dichotomies of civilised - uncivilised, Greek - barbarian, and Roman - non-Roman. Special attention is given to Strabo's view of the various stages of evolution of human culture, which intersects with the idea of simple dichotomies, as well as to the particular aspect of city-identities. In the end, the problem turns out to be rather complicated, involving the question of the definition of Romanness in social practice, and the emergence of particular provincial identities within the context of the Roman Empire.
COLOUR MIXTURES ACCORDING TO DEMOCRITUS AND PLATO
Authors:   Struycken
Published: August 2003

AbstractAttempts to explain the colour blends described by Democritus and Plato in terms of the pigments used by painters fail. Scholars as a rule have refrained from tackling this problem. The present paper, taking up a suggestion of Walter Kranz, argues that the colour blends of these two philosophers pertain to a broad spectrum of natural phenomena and processes.
GOD AND THE NATURE OF THE WORLD: THE 'THEOLOGICAL EXCURSUS' IN THEOPHRASTUS' METEOROLOGY
Authors: Van Raalte Marlein 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe so-called theological excursus in the Arabic translation of Theophrastus' Meteorology shows a division between two kinds of causation that gives rise to serious doubts concerning the authorship of the passage. Whereas from the Metaphysics it may be inferred that Theophrastus was inclined to consider the mode of being of the cosmos, by its very essence consisting of both order and disorder, as good and divine, the excursus maintains that god is responsible only for the order in the world (which is good), whereas the nature of the world itself, with its plurality of causes, accounts for the disorder (which is bad). It is argued that those passages adduced as a parallel for the excursus (from the Metaphysics and De pietate in particular) do not bear out this claim, and that other Theophrastean texts and sources make it unlikely that Theophrastus is the author of the excursus in its present form.
Ham-Wasserman Lecture: Role of the Plasminogen System in Fibrin-Homeostasis and Tissue Remodeling
Authors: Collen Désiré 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Plasminogen can be converted to plasmin either via the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or via the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA)/u-PA receptor (u-PAR) pathway. A dual role for these pathways is now well established: 1) t-PA is involved in fibrin homeostasis and 2) u-PA is primarily involved in cell migration and tissue remodeling. t-PA mediated activation is used for thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction and some other thromboembolic diseases. The u-PA mediated pathway, in concert with the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system, plays a pleiotropic role in arterial neointima formation, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, tumor growth metastasis, and infarction. However, therapeutic interventions in the u-PA/MMP system remain to be further defined.
Erythropoietin: A Paradigm for the Development of Practice Guidelines
Authors: Rizzo J. Douglas , Seidenfeld Jerome , Piper Margaret , Aronson Naomi , Lichtin Alan , Littlewood Timothy J. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an endogenous hormone produced in the kidney that regulates red blood cell production within the body. Since the cloning and first clinical introduction of recombinant erythropoietin (epoetin) in the late 1980s indications and usage of epoetin have expanded significantly. It is estimated that as many as one third of patients with substantial anemia (hemoglobin less than 10.0 g/dL) resulting from chemotherapy for cancer are treated with epoetin. Though use of epoetin may avoid the inconvenience and infectious risk of blood transfusions, it is expensive and its benefit in some clinical scenarios has been modest. Like many new technologies, strong evidence suggesting situations where the benefit is high has lagged behind its adoption by patients and practitioners. As well, epoetin is expensive and third party payers do not always reimburse it. Research suggests there is considerable variation in epoetin usage in practice.
To provide guidance to hematology/oncology specialists regarding use of epoetin, the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) proposed that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) fund an evidence review by one of the Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPC) that would be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for members of the society. This review highlights principles of evidence-based medicine, distills and appraises the evidence in the published literature that supports the use of epoetin, and presents evidence-based recommendations for use of epoetin in situations where benefit is substantiated by high-quality studies. As well, this review addresses some of the difficulties of performing clinical research in this area, provocative research findings that will require further study, and suggestions regarding epoetin in those areas where further strong evidence has yet to be developed.