bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Whole-Exome Sequencing Association Study Implicates Genetic Effects on Viral Oncogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Yanni , Luo Chun-Ling , Lin Guo-Wang , Li Fugui , Bai Xiaomeng , Ko Josephine Mun-Yee , Liu Yang , He Shuai , Jiang Jia-Xin , Yan Wen-Xin , Wen ONG Enya Hui , Li Zheng , Zhou Ya-Qing , Zhou Yun-He , Xu An-Yi , Liu Shu-Qiang , Guo Yun-Miao , Chen Jie-Rong , Cheng Xi-Xi , Cao Yu-Lu , Yu Xia , Wu Biaohua , Wei Pan-Pan , Ruan Zhao-Hui , Chen Qiu-Yan , Tang Lin-Quan , McKay James D. , Jia Wei-Hua , Mai Hai-Qiang , Liu Jian-Jun , Lin Dong-Xin , Khor Chiea Chuen , CHUA Melvin Lee Kiang , Ji Mingfang , Lung Maria Li , Zeng Yi-Xin , Bei Jin-Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses a substantial clinical challenge with limited understanding of its genetic underpinnings. Here we conduct the largest-scale whole-exome sequencing association study of NPC to date, involving 6,969 NPC cases and 7,100 controls and revealing three novel germline genetic variants linked to NPC susceptibility: a common variant rs2276868 inRPL14, a rare variant rs5361 inSELE, and a common variant rs1050462 inHLA-B. Through a multiomics approach, which integrates both bulk (n=206) and single-cell RNA-sequencing (n=56) data along with experimental validations, we demonstrate that theRPL14variant modulates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) life cycle and NPC pathogenesis. Additionally, we show that theSELEvariant plays a role in modifying endothelial cell function, thus promoting NPC progression. Our study also underscores the critical impact of rare genetic variants on NPC heritability. We introduce a refined composite polygenic risk score (rcPRS) that outperforms existing models in predicting NPC risk. Notably, our findings reveal that the polygenic risk for NPC is mediated by EBV infection status. Overall, our study provides crucial insights into the intricate genetic architecture of NPC. It highlights the critical interplay between genetic variations and essential elements of the tumor microenvironment, such as EBV and endothelial cells, in predisposing to NPC. This work opens new avenues for personalized risk assessments, early diagnosis, and targeted therapeutic strategies for NPC.
Bioactivity of Areca catechu and Azadirachta indica seed oil against Bulinus sp, an intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium
Authors: Tofel Katamssadan Haman , Awafor Gillian , Ebanga Joan Echi Eyong , Ntonifor Ngum Helen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by freshwater snail with infectedSchistosomaparasites. The disease is endemic in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America affecting people who are unable to avoid contact with water, either because of their profession or because of lack of reliable source of safe water for drinking, washing and bathing.MethodsSeed oil extract ofAzadirachta indicaand the aqueous and ethanol extracts ofAreca catechuwere tested on freshwater snailsBulinussp. Bioassays were performed on adults and eggs of snails at varying concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600mg/L for the extracts ofA. catechuand 1, 2.5, 5, 7 and 10mL/L forA. indicaextract).ResultsThe result revealed that mortality increased with ascending concentration. There was significant difference in the molluscicidal activities of the three extracts (p< 0.05). Among the tested the plant extracts,A. indicaseed oil showed the highest molluscicidal activity (100%) from 7 mL/L. Meanwhile, the lowest molluscicidal activity (2.5%) was found in theA. catechuaqueous extract. It was also observed that the potency of the extracts to inhibit egg hatching increases as the concentrations increased.ConclusionAzadirachta indicaseed oil and the ethanolic extract ofA. cathetucould be considered as a veritable means of controlling schistosomiasis vector. Also, in endemic areas where communities are likely to accept the use of local plants, the studied plants stand as good candidates to replace the conventional medicines which are expensive.Synopsis
Sequencing, de novo assembly ofLudwigiaplastomes, and comparative analysis within the Onagraceae family
Authors: Barloy-Hubler F. , Le Gac A.-L. , Boury C. , Guichoux E. , Barloy D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Onagraceae family, which belongs to the order Myrtales, consists of approximately 657 species and 17 genera. This family includes the genusLudwigiaL., which is comprised of 82 species. In this study, we focused on the two aquatic invasive speciesLudwigia grandiflorasubsp.hexapetala(Lgh) andLudwigia peploidessubspmontevidensis(Lpm) largely distributed in aquatic environments in North America and in Europe. Both species have been found to degrade major watersheds leading ecological and economical damages. Genomic resources for Onagraceae are limited, with onlyLudwigia octovalvis(Lo) plastid genome available for the genusLudwigiaL. at the time of our study. This scarcity constrains phylogenetic, population genetics, and genomic studies. To brush up genomic ressources, new complete plastid genomes ofLudwigia grandiflorasubps. hexapetala(Lgh) andLudwigia peploidessubsp.montevidensis(Lpm) were generated using a combination of MiSeq (Illumina) and GridION (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing technologies. These plastomes were then compared to the publishedLudwigia octovalvis(Lo) plastid genome, which was re-annotated by the authors. We initially sequenced and assembled the chloroplast (cp) genomes ofLpmandLghusing a hybrid strategy combining short and long reads sequences. We observed the existence of twoLghhaplotypes and two potentialLpmhaplotypes.Lgh,Lpm,andLoplastomes were similar in terms of genome size (around 159 Kb), gene number, structure, and inverted repeat (IR) boundaries, comparable to other species in the Myrtales order. A total of 45 to 65 SSRs (simple sequence repeats), were detected, depending on the species, with the majority consisting solely of A and T, which is common among angiosperms. Four chloroplast genes (matK,accD,ycf2andccsA)were found under positive selection pressure, which is commonly associated with plant development, and especially in aquatic plants such asLgh,andLpm.Our hybrid sequencing approach revealed the presence of twoLghplastome haplotypes which will help to advance phylogenetic and evolutionary studies, not only specifically forLudwigia, but also the Onagraceae family and Myrtales order. To enhance the robustness of our findings, a larger dataset of chloroplast genomes would be beneficial.
FOXP1 regulates the development of excitatory synaptic inputs onto striatal neurons and induces phenotypic reversal with reinstatement
Authors: Khandelwal Nitin , Kulkarni Ashwinikumar , Ahmed Newaz I. , Harper Mathew , Konopka Genevieve , Gibson Jay 
Published: October 2023

SummaryLong-range glutamatergic inputs from the cortex and thalamus are critical for motor and cognitive processing in the striatum. Transcription factors that orchestrate the development of these inputs are largely unknown. We investigated the role of a transcription factor and high-risk autism-associated gene, FOXP1, in the development of glutamatergic inputs onto spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the striatum. We find that FOXP1 robustly drives the strengthening and maturation of glutamatergic input onto dopamine receptor 2-expressing SPNs (D2 SPNs) but has a comparatively milder effect on D1 SPNs. This process is cell-autonomous and is likely mediated through postnatal FOXP1 function at the postsynapse. We identified postsynaptic FOXP1-regulated transcripts as potential candidates for mediating these effects. Postnatal reinstatement of FOXP1 rescues electrophysiological deficits, reverses gene expression alterations resulting from embryonic deletion, and mitigates behavioral phenotypes. These results provide support for a possible therapeutic approach for individuals with FOXP1 syndrome.
Indore: the cleanliness turnaround
Authors: Rajpurohit Niranjan , Gupta Parul 
Published: October 2023

Learning outcomes
After completion of this case study, the students will be able to comprehend the importance of communication in managing change, examine the role of processes and systems in implementing change management initiatives at a large scale, assess the effectiveness of various strategies in mitigating resistance to change and recognise optimal strategies for communication processes and messages with respect to different audience and contexts.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study discusses decisions and strategies that led to Indore (a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India) becoming India’s cleanest city for the sixth time in a row. The case explores if the various strategies used by the commissioner of Indore Municipal Corporation would continue to succeed in mitigating resistance to change from the citizens of Indore or if the change management strategies needed to be revised. Amidst intensely rising competition from other cities, especially Surat (a city in the state of Gujarat, India), the case delves into the commissioner’s efforts to defend Indore’s claim of being India’s cleanest city for the sixth consecutive time.

Complexity academic level
This case study is suitable for use in executive modules and management development programs. It can be used for the following courses: ■ In change management course, this case study can cover critical aspects of strategies to mitigate resistance to change and bring about lasting behavioural changes in followers.■ In communication courses, this case study can cover key aspects of communicating the change vision of a leader to a large audience.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 7: Management science
Advanced interactional characterization of the inhibitory effect of anthocyanin extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on apple polyphenol oxidase
Authors: (Boldea) Lavinia Stan , Aprodu Iuliana , Enachi Elena , Dumitrașcu Loredana , Păcularu‐Burada Bogdan , Chițescu Carmen , Râpeanu Gabriela , Stănciuc Nicoleta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, a comprehensive approach to advance the inhibitory effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was performed. PPO was extracted, purified, and characterized for optimal activity, whereas response surface methodology generated a quadratic polynomial model to fit the experimental results for hibiscus extraction. The optimum conditions allowed to predict a maximum recovery of anthocyanins (256.11 mg delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside/g), with a validated value of 272.87 mg delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside/g dry weight (DW). The chromatographic methods highlighted the presence of gallic acid (36,812.90 µg/g DW extract), myricetin (141,933.84 µg/g DW extract), caffeic acid (101,394.07 µg/g DW extract), sinapic acid (1157.46 µg/g DW extract), kaempferol (2136.76 µg/g DW extract), and delphinidin 3‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (226,367.08 µg/g DW extract). The inactivation of PPO followed a first‐order kinetic model. A temperature‐mediated flexible fit between PPO and anthocyanins was suggested, whereas the molecular docking tests indicated that PPO is a good receptor for cafestol, gallic acid, and catechin, involving hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions.Practical ApplicationIt is well known that enzymatic browning is one of the most important challenges in the industrial minimal processing of selected fruit and vegetable products. Novel inhibitors for polyphenol oxidase are proposed in this study by using an anthocyanin‐enriched extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Based on our results, combining the chemical effect of phytochemicals from hibiscus extract with different functional groups with minimal heating could be an interesting approach for the development of a new strategy to inhibit apple polyphenol oxidase.
Functions of cilia in cardiac development and disease
Authors: Shaikh Qureshi Wasay Mohiuddin , Hentges Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractErrors in embryonic cardiac development are a leading cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including morphological abnormalities of the heart that are often detected after birth. In the past few decades, an emerging role for cilia in the pathogenesis of CHD has been identified, but this topic still largely remains an unexplored area. Mouse forward genetic screens and whole exome sequencing analysis of CHD patients have identified enrichment forde novomutations in ciliary genes or non‐ciliary genes, which regulate cilia‐related pathways, linking cilia function to aberrant cardiac development. Key events in cardiac morphogenesis, including left–right asymmetric development of the heart, are dependent upon cilia function. Cilia dysfunction during left–right axis formation contributes to CHD as evidenced by the substantial proportion of heterotaxy patients displaying complex CHD. Cilia‐transduced signaling also regulates later events during heart development such as cardiac valve formation, outflow tract septation, ventricle development, and atrioventricular septa formation. In this review, we summarize the role of motile and non‐motile (primary cilia) in cardiac asymmetry establishment and later events during heart development.
Apparent diffusion coefficient values can predict neuromotor outcome in term neonates with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Hayakawa Katsumi , Tanda Koichi , Nishimoto Masakazu , Nishimura Akira , Kinoshita Daisuke , Sano Yuko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in brain structures during the first 2 weeks of life and its relation with neurological outcome for hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term neonates.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 56 term‐born neonates. The ADC values were measured for 11 brain regions. The clinical outcomes at least 2 years of age were defined as normal outcome, mild disability and severe disability. The area under curves (AUCs) by ROC analysis were performed to predict the neurodevelopmental outcomes. The clinical outcomes were compared between favourable outcome and adverse outcome and also between normal outcome and unfavourable outcome.ResultsThirty‐four patients were judged as normal outcome, 10 as mild disability and 12 as severe disability. When the clinical outcomes were compared between favourable outcome and adverse outcome, the AUC on the 1st week was highest value at the thalamus. When the clinical outcomes were compared between normal outcome and unfavourable outcome, the AUC on the 1st week was highest at the thalamus.ConclusionThe ADC values in the thalamus in the 1st week can predict the neurological outcome. The ADC values in centrum semiovale on the 2nd week can be used to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes.
The effectiveness of medical nurses in treating children with silver diamine fluoride in a school‐based caries prevention program
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Godín Tamarinda Barry , Niederman Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe sustainability of school‐based oral health programs depends on the utilization of effective, efficient treatments and the availability of a trained clinical workforce. The objective of this study was to determine whether registered nurses are comparable to dental hygienists in the application and effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and fluoride varnish (FV) for the prevention of dental caries.MethodsCariedAway was a school‐based study of SDF and FV versus dental sealants and atraumatic restorations. Within the SDF + FV arm, participants were treated by either a licensed dental hygienist or a registered nurse, both under the supervision of a paediatric dentist. Although initial treatment assignment in CariedAway was randomized, assignment to provider was not. The proportion of children who remained caries free after 2 years was assessed for non‐inferiority using two‐group proportion tests, adjusting for the clustering effect of schools.ResultsA total of 417 children with no untreated caries at baseline were analysed including 298 treated by hygienists and 119 by nurses. The proportion of children who remained caries free after 2 years was 0.81 and 0.80 for those treated by hygienists and nurses, respectively, for a difference of 0.01 (95% CI = −0.07, 0.098) and within the pre‐determined non‐inferiority margin.ConclusionsNurses may be effective in treating children with silver diamine fluoride and other fluoride varnishes in school‐based oral health programs.
Twenty‐four‐month real‐life treatment outcomes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy versus type 1 macular neovascularization in Caucasians
Authors: Airaldi Matteo , Invernizzi Alessandro , Nguyen Vuong , Vujosevic Stela , Ricci Federico , Monaco Pietro , Nassisi Marco , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark , Viola Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo compare 24‐month real‐world outcomes of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) inhibitors for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) and type 1 Macular Neovascularization (MNV) in a Caucasian population.MethodsRetrospective analysis from a prospectively designed observational database. Data from Italian centres participating in the Fight Retinal Blindness! (FRB!) project were collected. Treatment‐naïve PCV or type 1 MNV commencing treatment after January 2009 were included. The primary outcome was 24‐month visual acuity (VA) change; other outcomes included baseline characteristics, number of anti‐VEGF injections, time to lesion inactivation and proportion of active visits.ResultsA total of 322 eyes (114 PCVs) from 291 patients were included. Median [Q1, Q3] VA at baseline was comparable (70 [55, 75.8] vs. 70 [58.8, 75] letters, p = 0.95). Adjusted VA change at 2 years was higher in PCV (mean [95% CI], +1.2 [−1.6, 4.1] vs. −3.6 [−6, −1.2] letters, p = 0.005). PCV received fewer anti‐VEGF injections over the first 24 months of treatment than type 1 MNV (median [Q1, Q3], 8 [5, 10] vs. 9 [7, 12.2] injections, p = 0.001), inactivated earlier (median [Q1, Q3], 235 [184, 308] vs. 252 [169, 343] days, p = 0.04) and was less frequently graded ‘active’ (62% vs. 68% of visits, p = 0.001).ConclusionsPCV had slightly better VA outcomes over 24 months of treatment than type 1 MNV after receiving less anti‐VEGF injections. These results suggest a possible overlap of the two clinical entities with similar visual prognosis in Caucasians.
Comparison of 18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography and computed tomography for imaging of the fetlock in 25 nonracehorses
Authors: Pige Charlene , Spriet Mathieu , Perez‐Nogues Marcos , Katzman Scott , Le Jeune Sarah , Galuppo Larry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground18F‐sodium fluoride (18F‐NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) has been validated as a useful imaging technique in the racehorse fetlock. The use of 18F‐NaF PET in the nonracehorse fetlock has not been reported.ObjectivesTo describe 18F‐NaF PET findings in nonracehorse fetlocks, to compare with computed tomography (CT) findings and to compare PET findings between horses with and without fetlock pain.Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsAll horses undergoing 18F‐NaF PET and CT imaging of the fetlock between October 2016 and March 2021 were included in the study. Medical records were reviewed for associated lameness information.ResultsThirty‐six fetlocks (33 front and 3 hind) from 25 horses were included. The interobserver agreement for PET [0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.65)] was higher than for CT [0.47 (95% CI 0.43–0.51)]. Increased 18F‐NaF uptake was most common in the medial subchondral bone of the proximal phalanx (23/36), the dorsomedial (20/36) and dorsosagittal (16/36) metacarpal/metatarsal distal subchondral bone, whereas sclerosis was identified on CT in these areas in 22 of 36 (p > 0.9), 33 of 36 (p = 0.001) and 23 of 36 (p = 0.15), respectively. Significant correlations were found between PET grades and both subchondral sclerosis and resorption CT grades (p < 0.001, Spearman r = 0.19 and 0.21, respectively). Abnormal 18F‐NaF uptake in the proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) was identified in 12 of 36 of the fetlocks, which was more common than CT abnormalities (3/36, p = 0.02). Periarticular increased uptake was seen in 7 of 36 fetlocks, whereas osteophytosis was recognised on CT in 20 of 36 (p = 0.1). Maximal standardised uptake values (SUVmax) were significantly higher in painful than in nonpainful fetlocks (22.0 and 11.9, respectively, p = 0.038).Main limitationsRetrospective study and limited sample size.ConclusionsOverall PET and CT findings follow a similar distribution in their location. PET identified more abnormalities in the PSBs than CT. SUVmax is a pertinent factor to take into consideration for the assessment of the clinical significance of findings.
On the fracture and energy characteristics of rock–backfill composite structure specimens exposed to fatigue–creep interaction loading
Authors: Wang Yu , Yi Xuefeng , Long Dayu , Mao Tianqiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA series of stress‐controlled fatigue–creep interaction loading tests were performed on rock–backfill composite structure (RBCS) samples. The testing results reveal the influence of cement/tailing (c/t) on deformation, energy dissipation, damage evolution, and macro–meso failure patterns. The equivalent lifetime of RBCS is the largest for a sample with smaller stiffness filling, a smaller stiffness filling leads to weaker volumetric expansion. Additionally, strain energy is relatively large for larger stiffness filling, indicating a larger proportion of energy release at failure. A dissipated energy‐based damage evolution model is proposed to describe damage propagation at the entire fatigue–creep process which fits well with the experimental data. Moreover, the macro–meso failure pattern reveals the interactions between surrounding rock and filling material, failure seems to change from tension splitting to shear with increasing c/t. Good agreement was found among the volumetric deformation, energy dissipation, and failure pattern. It is suggested that flexible backfilling is benefit to prevent rock spalling and collapse.
Co‐culture relationship between Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida versatilis and its effect on the flavour of soy sauce
Authors: Fu Bin , Wang Jing , Xiao Ting , Liu Zeping , Fu Caixia , Zhou Mengzhou , Liu Zhijie , Li Wei , Hu Yong , Wang Chao , Xu Ning 
Published: October 2023

SummaryZygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida versatilis are important flavour‐producing yeasts in soy sauce fermentation. In the present study, the interaction between Z. rouxii and C. versatilis co‐cultures in YPD and raw soy sauce medium was investigated and applied to soy sauce fermentation. The concentration of Z. rouxii in the co‐culture was 0.47 times that in the mono‐culture. This observation suggested that C. versatilis inhibited the growth of Z. rouxii, likely attributed to various factors, including the production of acids and heat‐ and protease‐sensitive substances by C. versatilis. Furthermore, we examined the physicochemical properties and characteristic volatile flavour components of soy sauce by adding varying ratios of Z. rouxii and C. versatilis at different stages of fermentation. The results showed that mixed fermentation of Z. rouxii and C. versatilis enhanced the total nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, 4‐hydroxy‐2(5)‐ethyl‐5(2)‐methyl‐3(2H)‐furanone, and volatile compounds in soy sauce compared to single‐strain fermentation. Additionally, optimal soy sauce results were obtained when yeasts were added on day 45, with an inoculation ratio of 1:1. In conclusion, during the moromi fermentation stage, the appropriate selection of the inoculation ratio and time for Z. rouxii and C. versatilis addition can effectively enhance the physicochemical properties and flavour attributes of soy sauce.