bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old Age
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just as the jackal, even when it is young, is calledjarasigala [the ageing fox], and just as the galoci creeper, even when it is tender is called piitilata [the putrefying creeper], in the same way [the human body], even on the day of its birth, even when it is golden-hued, is [described as] perishable because it is [potentially] putrid owing to [the fact that matter is) constantly emanating [from its nine orifices).
Miscellaneous
Authors: Carter John Ross , Palihawadana Mahinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The bliss of Nibbana is what is called supreme pleasure. “If one were to see that.” This is what is meant. What is said is this: to one who prepares one bowl of food and enjoys it, there arises a limited amount of pleasure. To one who gives it up, and does the uposatha rites or gives alms, there arises the extensive, supreme bliss of Nibbana. Therefore, if in this way one sees great pleasure by the sacrifice of a little pleasure, then let the sagacious person, who clearly sees this great pleasure, abandon that limited pleasure. That is the meaning.
The Floods Of Noah And Utnapishtim: Theology Straight and Theology Satiric
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Archaeology and history, anthropology and sociology, mythology and folklore, and comparative literature and literary criticism are among the many academic disciplines whose findings and methodologies have been mustered in modern times for the study of the Bible in general and in particular for Genesis I - I I, often referred to as the Primeval History. The narrative centering on Noah, Genesis 6-9, will probably remain one of the last testing grounds for the relevance of these sundry approaches.
Structures As A Biblical Literary Phenomenon
Authors: Brichto Herbert Chanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The division of this book into two sections, one on stories and one on structures, is both occasioned by and reflective of the uniqueness of Scripture (in general, and of Genesis or the Pentateuch in particular) in respect to the question of literary genre. Genre is a matter of classification, and classification is a highly subjective human organization of its perceptions. Every system of classification is assessable, not in terms of true or false or valid or invalid, but rather in terms of usefulness or idleness, weightiness or frivolity.
Modern American Legal Thought
Authors: Feldman Stephen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a general matter, prominent transitions in intellectual thought often seem to follow momentous social upheavals. True to form, then, the Civil War proved to be a cataclysm that triggered intellectual changes of paradigmatic proportions. Even more broadly, beyond the intellectual sphere, the war and its aftermath, including the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, ushered in momentous changes in almost every imaginable realm of American society.1 The historian Peter J. Parish proclaims the Civil War “the central event of American history,” while Eric Foner, discussing the war and the ensuing years, declares that “no aspect of life remained unaffected.” The war of course began in 1861 because the states of the deep South seceded, so the Northern states initially fought to preserve the Union and only later to free the slaves. Eventually, though, many Northerners understood the struggle as one for the very progress of civilization, yet ironically, the American civilization was, in the end, thoroughly transformed. Most basically, the eradication of slavery together with the death or maiming of one-fourth of the young male population profoundly transformed the social fabric of America.2
Economics and Attachment
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The internal stance would seem to offer an account of marriage that is at odds with economic theory. I have suggested that this moment of marriage is characterized by the understanding that one is part of a collective unit to whose welfare one may be committed quite apart from a calculation of individual costs and benefits. Such an orientation is associated with “prosocial” attitudes and behavior such as empathy and cooperation, which appear to prompt one person to forgo private advantage for the sake of another. Ordinary language, for instance, distinguishes between self­ interested and other-regarding attitudes and commonly draws a distinction be­ tween selfish and unselfish behavior. Herbert Margolis’s description of the way in which altruism seems to diverge from individual rationality serves also as a general description of the common understanding of a prosocial orientation: a person “could have done better for himself had he chosen to ignore the effect of his choice on others.”1 Such behavior would appear to be inconsistent with a portrait of persons as individuals inexorably devoted to maximizing their own utility. This raises the question whether economic analysis offers an adequate account of the internal moment of marriage.
Spousal Privilege
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us return for a moment to the story of Arthur and Irene Seale, the married fugitives whose story I related in chapter 1. Recall that New Jersey’s version of the adverse testimony privilege prevented Ms. Seale from testifying at all against her husband in a criminal trial. This privilege is over 500 years old but has been increasingly criticized as an antiquated relic in recent years. Indeed, the privilege has been modified in federal court and in several states to permit one spouse to testify against the other in a criminal trial if she so chooses. New Jersey eventually changed its law to give a spouse the option to testify in these cases. In doing so, it followed the modern trend toward reducing the scope of the adverse testimony privilege. In federal court and in most state courts, the adverse testimony privilege now protects a defendant from the incriminating testimony of his spouse only if the latter chooses not to testify. Less than a dozen states continue to retain the traditional privilege, which protects the defendant from adverse spousal testimony regardless of whether a spouse is willing to testify. By contrast, in federal and in all state courts, a defendant generally has protection against disclosure of any confidential communications that occurred between him and his spouse during marriage, even if the witness and defendant are no longer married. This privilege appears to enjoy wide support, and few have seriously questioned its desirability. The adverse testimony privilege thus appears to be shrinking in significance, even as the communications privilege remains robust.
Adverse Testimony and the Internal Stance
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first half of this chapter, I will describe the adverse testimony privilege as a legal rule that uses the setting of the criminal trial to construct a narrative about marriage that ideally encourages adoption of the internal stance. My emphasis will be on the terms of this story and its potential to foster such an orientation. This story is not necessarily the only one that we might infer from the privilege. I believe, however, that it captures an important aspect of the protection that the privilege provides and the duty that it imposes. In the next part of the chapter, I will examine the ways in which the privilege might serve to communicate the narrative I have described. How likely is it that anyone will actually “read” this storyl My discussion here is more tentative, given the difficulty of describing how a specific legal provision might serve as an agent of socialization. I raise the possibility that the primary significance of the privilege may be that it prevents the transmission of a message that could undermine the influence of an internal stance toward marriage.
Hard Times In Paradise
Authors: Wuthnow Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In many ways, the United States has been a paradise for religious organizations. Throughout most of the nineteenth and nearly all of the twentieth century, the United States has enjoyed one of the highest average per capita incomes of any country in the world. Because of this relative affluence, most Americans have had the wherewithal to support the churches at a generous level. Even when people gave only a small proportion of their earnings, they still collectively donated large amounts of money. Unlike most other affluent countries, the United States has supported its churches voluntarily rather than providing them with subsidies from taxes and government grants. In Europe, the churches that were supported in this way often suffered because governments preferred to keep taxes low in order to maintain a competitive business climate rather than allocating more funds to the churches, or because wars or welfare programs created more pressing demands on government coffers. In comparison, voluntary donations in the United States were generous. People gave to the churches not because the government told them to but because they wanted to; sometimes, in fact, they gave money specifically because the churches were an alternative to government-free institutions that would not survive unless people supported them.
What The Clergy Are Saving
Authors: Wuthnow Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pastors are astute social observers. They watch and listen, trying to discern what is uppermost in their congregants’ minds. Their effectiveness as pastors depends on it. So does the financial condition of their churches. To gauge the crisis in the churches, it is thus necessary to examine the mental maps of the clergy, both to see how their views compare with the concerns of middle-class church members and to understand what clergy perceive as the important connections between religious commitment and middle-class life.
Meeting Needs In The Workplace
Authors: Wuthnow Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Christianity has always recognized that its followers must earn their daily bread. Yet it has also maintained that the human spirit is not nurtured by bread alone. There is thus an inherent tension in how the churches minister to the work lives of their adherents. In American culture, however, this tension has been greatly diminished. The clergy have adopted a view of work that is thoroughly secular. They minister to the emotional needs of the American work force but inadvertently contribute to these needs in the first place. The clergy are thus playing a valuable role in the lives of their parishioners, but this role also characterizes a vicious cycle in which the churches are caught. It consists of preaching about work in a way that demands high levels of commitment, both to the job and to the church, but that fails to consider the ways in which work has changed for most Americans. Not finding what the clergy have to say about work very relevant to the real demands of their lives, parishioners are thus likely to compartmentalize spirituality and work or to give less generously and attend less often because the churches are failing to minister to this central area of their lives.
Picking Up The Pieces
Authors: Wuthnow Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most middle-class church members have steady jobs, earn decent salaries, and pay their bills on time. They live in comfortable homes, provide for their children, and pursue careers they find interesting and fulfilling. But their lives are also filled with pressure. They experience job-related stress; suffer from periodic burnout; face ethical dilemmas at work; and have trouble juggling the demands of jobs, families, and personal interests. Sometimes the pressures become too great. They lose their jobs, run into serious difficulties with coworkers, succumb to addictions, or find their families falling apart. On such occasions, they turn to their churches. With increasing frequency, the churches are being called on to help parishioners cope with these issues.
Money Matters
Authors: Wuthnow Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The parsimonious comedian Jack Benny loved to repeat a joke about being approached by a mugger who demanded, “Your money or your life!” to which Benny, after a long pause, replied, “Don’t rush me; I’m thinking, I’m thinking!” Money is arguably our most cherished national obsession. We want it desperately; we devote many of our waking hours to working to obtain it and a good deal of our spare time to spending it. Clearly, money matters. When we have it, we feel more free and lighthearted. When we don’t have it, we feel like failures. We scheme to get more of it, subscribe to magazines to get pointers about it, read columns in the newspaper and watch programs on television about it, fight with our spouses and children over it, and stand in awe of those who have amassed great quantities of it. The American middle class, collectively and individually, has more money at its disposal than any other majority group in history has had. The churches of the American middle class can scarcely escape this fact. Their own fortunes depend on the willingness of the middle class to contribute a portion of its money. But middle-class churches also have a responsibility to help their members deal with the concerns that inevitably arise from having money and from wanting it.
F
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Faber and Faber London publisher of several fragments or episodes from WORK IN PROGRESS: ANNA LIVIA PLURABELLE (the first British edition, published as a booklet, 1930); HAVETH CHILDERS EVERYWHERE (the first British edition, published as a booklet, 1931); TWO TALES OF SHEM AND SHAUN (first British edition, published as a booklet, 1932); THE MIME OF MICK NICK AND THE MAGGIES (published as a booklet, 1934); POMES PENYEACH (first British edition, 1933); and finally the complete Finnegans Wake (1939). Because of his closetics with Joyce, T. S. ELIOT, then an editor at Faber and Faber, provided a great deal of assistance and support for this project.
K
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kain, Richard M. (1908-1990) Noted Joyce critic and long-time teacher at the University of Louisville. His first book, Fabulous Voyager: James Joyce’.1 Ulysses (published in 1947 and extensively revised in 1959), marked the beginning of the wave of post-World War II American scholars whose work greatly increased the general interest in Joyce. Fabulous Voyager provided both an intellectual foundation and the immediate motivation for numerous scholarly works that appeared in its wake. Of equal or perhaps even greater importance in terms of its impact upon Joyce scholarship was an edition of early Joyce manuscripts that Kain produced in 1965 with Robert Scholes. The Workshop of Dedalus: James Joyce and the Materials for A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man contains a great deal of material from various stages of composition of. Joyce’s first published novel. Most notably among these diverse drafts, The Workshop of Dedalus reprints a number of the epiphanies that Joyce had composed as a young man and which figure so prominently in Dubliners, Stephen Hero and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (see EPIPHANY).
P
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Painful Case, A” The eleventh story in Dubliners, and the final work in the book’s third division, matrity. “A Painful Case” was seventh in order of composition, written in July of 1905 (originally under the title “A Painful Incident”) and repeatedly revised. Eight years after publication of Dubliners, “A Painful Case” was translated into French by Yva Fernandez, and it appeared in the March 1922 issue of the Swiss journal, Revue de Geni!ve. An Italian translation of the story, done by Giacomo Prampolini, was published in the 3 June 1928 issue of the journal Fiera Letteraria. The story chronicles the central events that inform the frustrated and sterile relationship between James DUFFY and Mrs Emily SINICO. When Mrs Sinico wishes to blend affection with friendship, Duffy rebuffs her and severs the relationship. Four years later, Duffy reads a newspaper article, with the subheading “A Painful Case” that details the inquest into Mrs Sinico’s death; she had been struck by a railroad train while trying to cross the tracks at the Sydney Parade Station. Joyce’s brother Stanislaus JOYCE claimed that Joyce got his inspiration for this story from Stanislaus’s own experience with an older woman, an account of which he recorded in his diary.
S
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sage, Robert (1899-1962) An assistant editor of Transition Magazine And A Contributor To Our Exagmination Round His Factification For Incamination Of Work In Progress. The thesis of his essay, entitled “Before Ulysses and After,” is that all of Joyce’s works “form an indivisible whole,” and that each should be interpreted as part of a larger, unified aesthetic entity. Using evolutionary metaphors frequently, Sage offers a detailed survey of Joyce’s work, focusing on how the increasing richness of language in each of his previous prose works-Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses-prepares us for Work in Progress. In addition, Sage offers extended analyses of Joyce’s representations of the central characters ANNA LIVIA PLURABELLE and Humphrey Chimpden EARWICKER. He ends his essay by arguing for the accessibility of this work in progress and citing the achievements of Joyce’s earlier writing as proof both that his work has always been complex and that readers have always found it rewarding nonetheless.
T
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tales Told of Shem and Shaun An amalgamation of three distinct episodes from Finnegans Wake that Harry and Caresse Crosby persuaded Joyce to let them publish together in book form in August of 1929 under the imprint of their Black Sun Press in Paris. A fragment of these epsiodes was published a year later in a London Imagist Anthology, under the title “From ‘Tales Told of Shem and Shaun’; Three Fragments from Work in Progress.” The collection consists of early versions of The MOOKSE AND THE GRIPES (FW 152.15-159.18), the middle portion of the LESSONS CHAPTER (FW 282.7-304.4) and The ONDT AND THE GRACEHOPER (FW 414.16-419.10). Foradditional information see Letters III.189 and 193.
Preface of Rufinus To The Continuation
Authors: Amidon Philip R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Therecord of the affairs of the church with which Eusebius has provided us extends to this point. We for our part have briefly added, to the best of our ability, the events which followed in the course of time down to the present, and which we either found in the writings of those before us or we remembered, obedient as always to the injunctions of our father in religion.
Book 11
Authors: Amidon Philip R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After Julian’s death a legitimate government was restored to us at last with Jovian; for he appeared at once as emperor, confessor, and averter of the error which had been introduced for evil. For with the army on alert and the barbarian pressing close, our leaders, after discussing the crisis, elected Jovian, who, as he was being seized and taken off to receive the tokens of command, is said to have announced to the army, profaned by Julian’s sacrilegious acts, that he could not command them because he was a Christian. They all with one voice are said to have answered, “We are Christians too.” Nor would he agree to accept the command before he had heard what they said, according to report. Then God’s mercy came to his assistance without delay, and beyond all hope, the enemy having closed them in on all sides with no chance of escape, they suddenly saw envoys approaching from the barbarians who sued for peace, who promised as well to sell food and other provisions to the army, which was prostrate from famine, and who with unbounded kindness corrected the rashness of our people.
Ritual Change
Authors: Bell Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questions of ritual density and style are not far removed from questions of ritual change, that is, the way in which rituals change over time. Yet the issue of ritual change has been much more central to study and analysis of ritual than the issue of density. Indeed, much controversy surrounds questions of ritual change among people involved firsthand in performing ritual. There are very few religious groups that are not concerned today with how best to adapt traditions of worship to shifting social and spiritual realities. At the same time, new religious organizations are also concerned with how to build ritual traditions and communities without replicating what they see as the problems of past traditionalism. A number of scholars, as either participants or observers, have been drawn to the issue of contemporary ritual change and, at times, drawn into the controversies surrounding it.
Part of the dilemma of ritual change lies in the simple fact that rituals tend to present themselves as the unchanging, time-honored customs of an enduring com munity. Even when no such claims are explicitly made within or outside the rite, a variety of cultural dynamics tend to make us take it for granted that rituals are old in some way; any suggestion that they may be rather recently minted can give rise to consternation and confusion.
Lethal Violence and the Criminal Law
Authors: Zimring Franklin E , Hawkins Gordon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We start our analysis of the means of violence prevention with the criminal law because it is the narrowest of the concerns to be addressed in this section. The penal law is only one mechanism that is required for a balanced program of lethal violence prevention, a necessary but not sufficient condition of public safety. But prevention of lethal violence should be the very highest priority of the criminal law. The only challenging questions about the use of criminal law as a means of reducing lethal criminal violence are questions of tactical choice rather than strategic priority. The primacy of life, of feelings of bodily security, and of being able to negotiate well-known environments without fear are the central concerns of the criminal law of every modem state. The high rate of life-threatening violence in the United States simply underscores the larger significance of this problem in the United States.
Reconstructing Religion
Authors: Schweiger Beth Barton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1865, former Confederate chaplain George Taylor wrote to his brother about the meaning of defeat. “For my part, I accept the facts as indicating God’s will, and acquiesce with a peace of mind I had not thought possible,” he wrote. “Still, I confess that ever and anon the sad facts come over me with fresh power and almost crush and paralyze me. But it is all right, and we must remember that we are chiefly connected with a kingdom which is ‘not of this world’ ... because a Christian, I hope to be a good citizen .”
Epilogue
Authors: Schweiger Beth Barton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Religious institutions, and the minds that built them, were far more important to the story of Protestants in the South than historians have allowed. Southern churches were not immune to the bureaucratization of religion that coincided with, reflected, but at times thwarted, what Nathan Hatch called the “democratization of American Christianity” in the nineteenth century. Accounts that stress the importance of revivalism and individual piety in the South have neglected the institutional context in which these revivals and conversions took place.