bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severity of hyperactivity and the comorbidity of hyperactivity with clumsiness in three sample sources: school, support group and hospital
Authors: Miyahara M , Möbs I , Doll‐Tepper G 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine whether or not there were any differences in the severity of hyperactivity and the comorbidity of hyperactivity with clumsiness due to the sampling sources of hyperactive children. It was hypothesized that hyperactivity would be more severe and the comorbidity higher in the hospital sample than in the community support group and the school sample. A total of 47 hyperactive children were assessed with the German version of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). The hypotheses were not supported by the results. Although the school sample demonstrated the least prevalence rate of comorbid clumsiness, their conduct problems were rated higher than were the hospital and the support group samples. The possible difference in teachers' perception was discussed in terms of their understanding and communication with parents and professionals. The need to determine the effect of inattention on manual performance is addressed with a research strategy.
Social adjustment of children with a severe craniofacial anomaly (Apert syndrome)
Authors: Sarimski K 
Published: March 2003

SummaryObjective Children with a severe craniofacial anomaly are at risk for emotional and behavioural problems. Do children with Apert syndrome present with a special psychological profile?Method Parent reports (Child Behaviour Checklist) were obtained from 25 children with Apert syndrome.Results Fourteen children were characterized by clinically significant social problems, 10 by attentional problems, nine by social withdrawal. Total CBCL‐scores were in the clinical range for eight children.Conclusion Information on psychosocial state should be included in regular check‐ups of children with a severe craniofacial anomaly in order to identify children who are in need of psychological interventions.
Quantitative neuropathological analysis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Ansari T. , Sibbons P. D. , Parsons A. , Rossi M. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDetailed stereological analyses of specific regions of brains of children who had died from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was undertaken to determine whether global evidence of an underlying pathology exists, contributing to an increased susceptibility to SIDS. A significant reduction in the total number of neocortical neurones and neurone volume was observed in SIDS normal birth weight (NBW) infants in comparison to controls. A significant reduction in both volume and total neurone number were also noted in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in SIDS NBW group when compared with controls. Anomalies in regions of the brain involved with cardiorespiratory control (brainstem) and arousal (brainstem and neocortex) may play a crucial role in the chain of events resulting in a SIDS event.
Coping of parents with physically and/or intellectually disabled children
Authors: Taanila A. , Syrjälä L. , Kokkonen J. , Järvelin M.‐R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Objective
The aim was to clarify how families with physically and/or intellectually disabled children cope, what kind of coping strategies they use and how the families with good and poor coping capacities differ.
Methods
The parents of eight children (aged 8–10 years) with physical and/or intellectual disability were interviewed twice, and the data elicited in these interviews were analysed qualitatively using the grounded theory method.
Results
Information and acceptance, good family co‐operation and social support were related to the coping strategies most frequently used. Half of the families seemed to have found successful ways of coping, whereas another half had major problems. There were five main domains in which the high‐ and low‐coping families differed most from each other: (1) parents’ initial experiences; (2) personal characteristics; (3) effects of the child’s disability on family life; (4) acting in everyday life; and (5) social support.
Conclusion
The findings can be utilized in developing supportive activities for families with disabled children. By recognizing the coping strategies used by the family, professionals and service providers can find the right ways to support their adaptation. As the role of physicians, nursing staff and other professionals in this process is very important, more attention should be attached to the collaboration between these groups, to enable them to view the situation from the perspective of the whole family.
Oscillating between hope and despair — a qualitative study
Authors: Sällfors C. , Fasth A. , Hallberg L. R.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective The aim of this qualitative study was to elucidate the life situation and psychosocial processes of living with chronic pain in children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Methods Taped open qualitative interviews with 22 children (aged 6–17 years) were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the comparative method for grounded theory. Results A core category, labelled oscillating between hope and despair, was identified and related to four additional categories labelled disturbed order, dependency, ambivalence and uncertainty about the future. There were relationships between the children's subjective experience of pain and their experiences of disturbed order in daily life, dependency on treatment, health care and significant others, ambivalence related to environmental reactions and uncertainty about the future. Chronic pain and disease control the children's lives and lead to restricted participation in social life. Conclusions Chronic pain is a substantial problem for children with JCA, which must be considered in health care. The pain affected and disturbed the children's ordinary way of life. It blocked a number of goals. Psychological and physiological processes interact in the phenomenological experience of pain, and the response of the environment elicits, maintains or decreases the experience of pain. Hopefully, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the life situation of children suffering from JCA and can be of importance in developing rehabilitation programmes for these children.
Cognitive and psychosocial outcome of infants dialysed in infancy
Authors: Madden S.J. , Ledermann S.E. , Guerrero‐Blanco M. , Bruce M. , Trompeter R.S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective   To contribute further to the understanding of cognitive and psychosocial outcome of children with end‐stage renal disease undergoing long‐term peritoneal dialysis.Methods   In total, 16 surviving infants at a single centre beginning peritoneal dialysis in the first year of life were studied. The age range of the children at assessment was 1.6–12.1 years. Children were assessed using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third Edition UK, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Information regarding the child's hospital stay and family background was also collated. A Pearson's Product Moment correlation was used to analyse the results.Results   Although 67% of the children's scores fell within the average range, 87% were within at least two SDs of the norms (mean IQ = 86.6). Psychosocial adjustment measures revealed that 50% of scores fell within the borderline to abnormal category, suggesting that the frequency of psychological difficulties was above that of the normal population.Conclusions   These findings lend support to recent studies indicating that, developmentally, children undergoing long‐term peritoneal dialysis are faring better than in the past. This may indeed be a reflection of improvements in renal treatment and diet. The behavioural results suggest the need to monitor psychological adjustment in this group of children.
Children's representation of family mealtime in the context of maternal eating disorders
Authors: Park R. J. , Lee A. , Woolley H. , Murray L. , Stein A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground  Recent research provides evidence for specific disturbance in feeding and growth in children of mothers with eating disorders.Aim  To investigate the impact of maternal eating disorders during the post‐natal year on the internal world of children, as expressed in children's representations of self and their mother in pretend mealtime play at 5 years of age.Methods  Children of mothers with eating disorders (n = 33) and a comparison group (n = 24) were videotaped enacting a family mealtime in pretend play. Specific classes of children's play representations were coded blind to group membership. Univariate analyses compared the groups on representations of mother and self. Logistic regression explored factors predicting pretend play representations.Results  Positive representations of the mother expressed as feeding, eating or body shape themes were more frequent in the index group. There were no other significant group differences in representations. In a logistic regression analysis, current maternal eating psychopathology was the principal predictor of these positive maternal representations. Marital criticism was associated with negative representations of the mother.Conclusions  These findings suggest that maternal eating disorders may influence the development of a child's internal world, such that they are more preoccupied with maternal eating concerns. However, more extensive research on larger samples is required to replicate these preliminary findings.
Expression of the house dust mite allergen Der p 2 in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hakkaart  , Harmsen  , Chua  , Thomas  , Aalberse  , Van Ree  
Published: March 2003

Background and ResultsThe major house dust mite allergen Der p 2 was expressed as a recombinant mature protein in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast produces the protein fused to the invertase signal peptide, leading to the secretion of Der p 2 as a soluble protein into the culture medium. The signal peptide is hereby cleaved off, resulting in a mature allergen. In this system Der p 2 was produced in 7.6 (± 2.9) mg/L growth culture. Purification of the recombinant allergen was achieved by a single gel filtration step, resulting in a purity ≥ 95%. The yeast‐derived Der p 2 was almost indistinguishable from natural Der p 2 with respect to IgE‐reactivity and binding to the majority of Der p 2 specific MoAbs — as was shown in RAST analysis (n = 168) and a sandwich ELISA and RIA analysis, respectively. Recombinant and natural Der p 2 also showed similar biological activity in histamine release assays (n = 4).ConclusionAn expression system for Der p 2 was developed that enables the production of a soluble allergen in the culture supernatant with immunological characteristics similar to the natural allergen. In addition, yeast offers the advantage of the absence of endotoxin in comparison to E. coli. This might facilitate acceptance of recombinant allergens for in vivo applications as immunotherapy or skin‐prick testing.
Changes in IgE‐mediated allergy to ubiquitous inhalants after removal from or diminution of exposure to the agent causing occupational asthma
Authors: Perfetti  , HÉbert  , Lapalme  , Ghezzo  , Gautrin  , Malo  
Published: March 2003

BackgroundOne possibility, among others, for explaining the persistence of asthma symptoms in occupational asthma (OA) after the cessation of exposure to the causal agents may be that subjects become sensitized to ubiquitous inhalants.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the development or increase of IgE‐mediated sensitization to ubiquitous allergens, both to high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight agents, in 100 subjects with OA after cessation of exposure.MethodsSubjects were evaluated on a first visit, at the time of diagnosis of OA, coinciding with the cessation or diminution of exposure to the causal agent, and on a second visit, 5.8 ± 3.3 years afterwards. At each visit, a history of ocular, nasal and asthmatic symptoms related to exposure to common allergens was obtained together with spirometry and assessment of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. We analysed total IgE and specific IgE to Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, birch, ragweed and timothy grass pollens, cat and dog danders, and Alternaria, using enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST) from blood samples taken on each visit.ResultsTotal IgE levels showed a tendency to diminish. No changes were found in the number of positive EAST (presence of detectable levels of specific IgE) or in the levels of specific IgE. Although significantly more symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in contact with house dust (P < 0.05) and pets (P < 0.01) were reported on the second visit than on the first, no significant changes in the frequency of symptomatic sensitized subjects were found.ConclusionSubjects with OA are unlikely to develop IgE‐dependent sensitization to common inhalants after removal from exposure to occupational agents.
Peanut allergic subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to crude peanut protein
Authors: Hourihane J. O'B , Dean T. P. , Warner J. O. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundPeanut allergy is characterized by a high frequency of severe and occasionally fatal reactions.ObjectiveTo determine if there are features of the in vitro cellular response that may account for the observed severity of peanut allergy.MethodsSkin‐prick testing (SPT), RAST assay of serum peanut‐specific and total IgE and mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferative responses to crude peanut protein were measured in 44 peanut allergics with varying severity of clinical reactions. PBMC responses of 13 non‐peanut allergic controls (six atopic) were also studied.ResultsSubjects' PBMCs proliferated more than controls', even without stimulation. Subjects' PBMC proliferative responses did not correlate with clinical severity, SPT weal size or peanut‐specific IgE levels. Controls’ PBMCs did not respond to peanut. There was no correlation between PBMC response and time since last reaction to peanut. Subjects' PBMCs responded more than controls, to mitogen as well as allergen. Proliferation increased with increasing concentration of peanut protein (P < 0.0001).ConclusionPBMCs of peanut allergics demonstrate a dose‐dependent response to peanut which does not correlate with clinical severity, SPT reaction or levels of peanut specific IgE. The response is antigen‐specific. Peanut protein is not mitogenic and is not acting as a superantigen. While there are non‐specific differences in the PBMC responses of peanut allergic individuals compared with atopic and non‐atopic controls, these differences do not explain the unique severity of peanut allergy.
Expression and localization of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in nasal polyp epithelium
Authors: Watkins D. N. , Lewis R. H. , Basclain K. A. , Fisher P. H. , Peroni D. J. , Garlepp M. J. , Thompson P. J. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of nasal polyp disease is poorly understood. Recent evidence has suggested that nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous soluble gas vasodilator and inflammatory mediator, may be synthesised within the nasal cavity. Three nitric oxide synthase isoforms have been identified in humans, with the inducible isoform (iNOS) generally expressed in the setting of inflammation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to detect and localize iNOS expression in nasal polyp tissue, and compare these findings with normal nasal turbinate tissue.MethodsWe examined the expression and localisation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human nasal airway specimens from patients undergoing elective nasal turbinectomy (n = 5) or nasal polypectomy (n = 5). iNOS mRNA expression was determined by semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) followed by Southern blot analysis and localised by in situ hybridization. Densitometric data were analysed using Student's unpaired t‐test. Adjacent sections were also examined for iNOS protein expression by immunohistochemistry.ResultsSemi‐quantitative RT‐PCR/Southern analysis of RNA obtained from the 10 surgical specimens demonstrated that iNOS mRNA expression was significantly increased in the five nasal polyps (P < 0.05). In situ hybridization studies revealed strong iNOS mRNA signal localized to the respiratory epithelium of nasal polyps, but not nasal turbinates. This pattern was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Localization to inflammatory cells or other subepithelial structures was not seen.ConclusionsWe conclude that iNOS expression is upregulated in nasal polyp disease, and is localized to the polyp epithelial layer. These data reinforce the concept that the epithelial layer may be important in the pathogenesis of nasal disease, and suggest a potential role for NO in the formation of nasal polyps.
Association study of asthma and atopy traits and chromosome 5q cytokine cluster markers
Authors: Mansur A. H. , Bishop D. T. , Markham A. F. , Britton J. , Morrison J. F. J. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundLinkage studies have provided evidence for the presence of gene(s) in the 5q cytokine cluster region which control total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration, and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). However, the identification of the gene(s) involved has been confounded by the lack of power of the published linkage studies and the presence of multiple candidate genes mapped to the region.ObjectiveTo define the important loci on 5q31‐33 which are implicated in the control of total serum IgE and BHR through a case/control study of association.MethodsWe performed an association study between 11 polymorphic markers (spanning the region 5q31.1‐33.1) and total serum IgE and BHR traits. A case/control sample of 181 individuals was drawn from a larger set of 2415 adults, sampled at random from a district in Nottingham, UK. Half of the subjects in this case/control sample were hyperreactive to methacholine and asthmatic (cases), while the other half were non‐reactive and non‐asthmatic (controls). Association analysis was performed using the non‐parametric chi‐squared and Mann–Whitney U‐tests.ResultsWe observed no evidence of strong allelic association between any of the above markers and the studied traits. Markers D5S404, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF‐1) and D5S210 showed evidence of borderline association with BHR (P = 0.04, 0.03 and 0.04 respectively), and D5S404 showed borderline significance with IgE levels (P = 0.029).ConclusionsThis study presents evidence against the presence of a strong association between markers mapped to 5q31‐33 and either BHR or total serum IgE. The significance of the weaker associations observed with markers D4S404, IRF‐1 and D5S210 is not clear. Whether this represents a type I error secondary to multiple hypothesis testing or a true association is uncertain.
Intranasal fluticasone propionate reduces ICAM‐1 on nasal epithelial cells both during early and late phase after allergen challenge
Authors: Ciprandi  , Ricca  , Passalacqua  , Fasolo  , Canonica  
Published: March 2003

BackgroundAllergen specific nasal challenge (ASNC) is an optimal method to study the pathophysiological mechanisms sustaining the allergic inflammation and in particular the adhesion molecule system, which is involved in cellular infiltration of nasal mucosa. Topical steroids have been accepted as a highly effective anti‐inflammatory therapy for allergic rhinitis.ObjectiveThe aim of this double‐blind placebo‐ controlled study was the evaluation of clinical and cytological parameters, including ICAM‐1 expression on nasal epithelial cells, after a 4 week treatment with nasal fluticasone propionate (200 μg/daily) or placebo, using the model of ASNC.MethodsTwenty allergic rhinitics underwent nasal challenge before and after treatment. The following parameters were evaluated: (i) nasal symptoms (rhinorrhoea, itching, sneezing, obstruction), (ii) inflammatory cells (eosinophils and neutrophils), (iii) ICAM‐1 expression on nasal epihelial cells at baseline, 30 min (early phase) and 6 h (late phase) after ASNC.ResultsFluticasone propionate was capable of reducing: (i) clinical symptoms during both early (P < 0.001) and late phase (P < 0.04), (ii) eosinophil (P < 0.002) and neutrophil (P < 0.001) infiltrate during late phase, and (iii) ICAM‐1 expression on nasal epithelial cells during both early (P < 0.01) and late phase (P < 0.03).ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate that fluticasone propionate exerts a significant action on early and late phase clinical events following specific nasal challenge, reducing also the cellular influx during the late phase. This event is likely due to the modulation of ICAM‐1 expression on epithelial cells.
Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and the amount of nasal secretion in the clinical monitoring of the nasal provocation test
Authors: PirilÄ  , Nuutinen  
Published: March 2003

BackroundThe reliable interpretation of the nasal provocation test in allergy diagnosis requires objective and measurable monitoring parameters for clinical practice. The clinical usefulness of the nasal provocation test has been limited by scanty knowledge of the specificity and sensitivity of the test and a lack of reference values.ObjectiveTo test and compare three objective monitoring parameters of a nasal provocation test in occupational allergic rhinitis. To evaluate the magnitude of the nasonasal effects in a unilateral allergen challenge.MethodsThe monitoring parameters of the nasal reaction were derived from the minimum cross‐sectional area on acoustic rhinometry, the nasal resistance on active anterior rhinomanometry and the amount of nasal secretion measured at 15 min intervals for 60 min. Twenty‐three bovine‐allergic dairy and beef cattle farmers and 19 exposed, non‐allergic control subjects were challenged first with a control solution and then with the cow allergen.ResultsAll the three monitoring parameters showed high specificity and sensitivity in finding allergic and non‐allergic subjects. The secretion parameter was found to be slightly superior to the acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry parameters. The side difference in the nasal response between the allergen‐challenged and the contralateral diluent‐challenged cavity was significant for all the parameters among the allergic subjects. The contralateral secretion amount was 1/3 of the ipsilateral secretion, indicating the magnitude of the contralateral nasonasal reflex. A nasonasal reflex was also noted in the nasal patency monitoring. The coefficient of variation was significantly lower for the acoustic rhinometry than for the rhinomanometry (P = 0.0001). The optimal threshold values for a positive test were a secretion amount of 100 mg, a 15% decrease in the minimum cross‐sectional area and a 50% increase in the resistance for the observation period of 30 min and correspondingly 210 mg, 30% and 100% for 60 min.ConclusionThe low‐pressure aspiration of the nasal secretion from the anterior part of the nasal cavity was found to be a reliable and practical monitoring parameter to be used together with acoustic rhinometry or rhinomanometry in the nasal provocation test for clinical purposes. Although significant nasonasal effects took place in the unilateral allergen challenge, the response was more prominent in the allergen‐challenged than in the contralateral diluent‐challenged nasal cavity in most allergic subjects.