bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worlds in Motion
Authors: Massey Douglas S , Arango Joaquín , Hugo Graeme , Kouaouci Ali , Pellegrino Adela , Taylor J Edward 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At the end of the 20th century nearly all developed nations have become countries of immigration, absorbing growing numbers of immigrants not only from developed regions, byt increasingly from developing nations of the Third World. Although international migration has come to play a central role in the social, economic, and demographic dynamics of both immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving countries, social scientist have been slow to construct a comprehensive theory to explain it. Efforts at theoretical explanation have been fragmented by disciplinary, geographic, and methodological boudaries. Worlds in Motion seeks to overcome these schisms to create a comprehensive theory of international migration for the next century. After explicating the various propositions and hypotheses of current theories, and identifying area of complementarity and conflict, the authors review empirical research emanting from each of the world's principal international migration systems: North America, Western Europe, the Gulf, Asia and the Pacific, and the Southern Cone of South America. Using data from the 1980s, levels and patterns of migration within each system are described to define their structure and organization. Specific studies are then comprehensively surveyed to evaluate the fundamental propositions of neoclassical economics, the new economics of labour migration, segmented labour market theory, world systems theory, social capital theory, and the theory of cumulative causation. The various theories are also tested by applying them to the relationship between international migration and economic development. Although certain theories seem to function more effectively in certain systems, all contain elements of truth supported by empirical research. The task of the theorist is thus to identify which theories are most effective in accounting for international migration in the world today, and what regional and national circumstances lead to a predominance of one theoretical mechanism over another. The book concludes by offering an empirically-grounded theoretical synthesis to serve as a guide for researchers and policy-makers in the 21st century.
Debating Governance: Authority, Steering, and Democracy
Authors: Pierre Jon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Leading scholars in the field of governance examine the effectiveness of the different non-institutional strategies at the disposal of modern governments in tackling issues of urban decline, public administrations, governmental regionalization, budget deficits and global economics. The governance approach to political science yields a new perspective on the role of the state, domestically as well as in the international arena. Globalization, internationalization, and the growing influence of networks in domestic politics means that the notions of state strength and the role of the state in society must be re-examined.
Democracy and Governance
Authors: Hirst Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of the concept ‘governance’ is a relatively recent fashion. It attained wide currency in the past decade and largely at the expense of the concept of government. Indeed, governance is generally perceived to be an alternative to government, to control by the state. The use of the concept is almost exclusively confined to technocratic and elite discourse. It has yet to enter the popular vocabulary of politics. In this regard the various non governmental organization (NGO) communities that have taken up the concept must be regarded as alternative elites to the established ones.
The European Union as Coxswain: Governance by Steering
Authors: Sbragia Alberta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Scholars of European integration have typically approached the study of the European Community and its successor the European Union from analytic assumptions rooted in either international relations or comparative politics (see e.g. Hix, 1994; Hurrell and Menon, 1996; Moravscik, 1998; Sbragia, 1992a). Those working from an international relations perspective essentially view the Union as an international organization while those committed to a comparative politics approach view the Union as some type of polity.
The Exemplary Society
Authors: Bakken Børge 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In modern China, technocratic utopias go side by side with moral panics. The modernization process is seen as creating the `disorders' of criminality, sex, and modern youth culture. The official answer to disorder is an exemplary societyan educative and disciplinary society where `human quality' and model behaviour is advocated. Modern Chinese society, however, resists being reduced to the exemplary discipline of its social engineers, and strategies of `lying' and resisting control are routine. This pathbreaking study analyses traditional and modern Chinese beliefs about and reactions to education, discipline, human improvement, and social control. Although these reactions to modernity have a Chinese colouring, they are not exclusive to the Chinese culture. By describing the terra incognita of China, The Exemplary Society also describes something about ourselves.
Population Growth and Population Regulation in Nineteenth-century Rural Scotland
Authors: Anderson Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1826 Malthus wrote that ‘Scotland is certainly still over-peopled, but not so much as it was a century or half a century ago, when it contained fewer inhabitants.’ Indeed, ‘the condition of the lower classes of people in Scotland has been considerably improved of late years’ (Malthus 1986, ii: 277, 268).
Economic Restructuring, Women’s Work, and Autonomy in Mexico
Authors: Garcia Brigida 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Studying the social impact of economic restructuring is a subject of growing interest. In this chapter we reflect on economic restructuring on the basis of the Mexican case, underlining the possible changes that this might entail for the gender division of labour in the market and in the family, and therefore for autonomy and empowerment in the case of women.
Environmental Taxation in Open Economies: Trade Policy Distortions and the Double Dividend
Authors: Smulders Sjak 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the first half of the twentieth century, the world’s economy experienced that protectionism is an evil that should be avoided. Considerable effort was taken to liberalize trade through international negotiations. In the form of GATT and WTO an institutional framework was developed to anticipate and prevent new forms of protectionism.
The world economy has not yet experienced a global environmental crisis. Yet, the developed countries in particular have become increasingly aware of the threats of global pollution problems. International negotiations and agreements are devoted to aligning domestic policies towards the environment and to reaching international targets for pollution abatement. Ideally, two sets of instruments are needed for these two sets of goals, internalizing environ mental externalities and removing trade restrictions. Domestic environmental taxes and other instruments should ensure that private costs and benefits of domestic activity reflect social costs of pollution and benefits of environmental quality improvements. The removal of tariff and nontariff barriers to inter national trade should ensure that domestic activity fully exploits comparative advantages. Indeed, if an economy “gets prices right”, liberalizing trade is always welfare improving (see Chapter 2 of this volume).
Incentives for International Environmental Cooperation: Theoretical Models and Economic Instruments
Authors: Schmidt Carsten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The 1990s were imbued by a growing concern for international environmental problems. This was reflected by political debates and activities at the international level such as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 1992, in Rio de Janeiro. At the same time, these issues were also intensively discussed in the academic sphere. The economic analysis of environmental problems has been investigated already in the 1960s and 1970s. Nevertheless, the increasing preoccupation with transboundary externalities led to a renaissance of research in environmental economics and to a new body of literature. The basic reason for a reformulation of the research program has been concisely summarized by Carraro and Siniscalco:
Coalition Membership and Electoral Performance
Authors: Narud Hanne Marthe , Valen Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Democracy means that all political bargaining takes place in the shadow of future elections. The previous chapters have shown that in parliamentary democracies some governments engineer elections, that many governments experience them, and that all governments are affected by them. This chapter sets out to analyse the electoral rewards and punishments experienced by parties participating in parliamentary governments. In so doing, we will combine theories of coalition governance with theories of electoral choice. The core of the so-called trade-off model as formulated by Strøm (1990a; see also Müller and Strøm 1999) is the conflict that parties commonly face between vote seeking, on the one hand, and policy and office seeking on the other. The model is based upon the notion that voters judge governing parties retrospectively upon their performance (Fiorina 1981; 1997). Governing parties may be held to more severe standards than opposition parties, particularly concerning consistency between promise and performance. In terms of vote seeking it may therefore be a disadvantage to hold office—this may lead to a negative ‘incumbency effect’ (see, e.g., Rose and Mackie 1983).
Econometric analysis and the study of economic growth: a sceptical perspective
Authors: Durlauf Steven N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This essay has an explicitly provocative purpose-namely, to argue that the econometric component of the new economic growth literature has done little to adjudicate leading growth questions. While I believe this empirical literature has identified a number of interesting data patterns and led to the development of a number of important new econometric methods (both achievements exemplified in the work of Quah (l996a,b, 1997)), the vast body of empirical studies has shed remarkably little light on the main theoretical issues which have emerged since the seminal papers of Romer and Lucas.
The application of EC competition rules to financial services
Authors: Usher J A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The competition rules of the EC Treaty prohibit in art. 81(1) (formerly art. 85(1)) all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings, and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction, or distortion of competition within the common market. Article 82 (formerly art. 86) prohibits any abuse by one or more undertakings of a ‘dominant position’ within the common market or in a substantial part of it in so far as it may affect trade between Member States. However, under art. 81 (3), exemption from art. 81(1) may be granted to such agreements, decisions, or concerted practices, and specific categories thereof, which contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or economic progress, while allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit, provided they do not impose on the undertakings concerned restrictions which arc not indispensable to the attainment of these objectives, and do not afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantial part of the products in question. Furthermore, art. 86(2) (formerly art. 90(2)), which has been frequently invoked in the financial services sector, applies the competition rules to undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest or which have the character of a revenue-producing monopoly only ‘in so far as the application of such rules does not affect the performance … of the particular tasks assigned to them’.
A New Architecture For The Global Financial Market: Legal Aspects Of International Financial Standard Setting
Authors: Giovanoli Mario 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The strengthening of the global financial system has arisen as a major challenge at the beginning of the twenty-first century and the new millennium. Over the past quarter of a century, since the disappearance in 1973 of the institutionalized inter-national monetary system established by the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, a completely new and unprecedented situation has emerged in the financial mar-kets under the pressure of increasing globalization and far-reaching regulatory, financial and technological developments.
Contemporary American Fiction
Authors: Millard Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Contemporary American Fiction provides an introduction to American fiction since 1970. Offering substantial and detailed interpretations of more than thirty texts by thirty different writers, Millard combines them in an innovative critical structure designed to promote debates on cultural politics and aesthetic value. The book is the first of its kind to offer a wide-ranging survey of recent developments in the fiction of the United States. Recent novels by established writers such as John Updike and Philip Roth are analysed alongside the fiction of younger writers such as Gish Jen and Sherman Alexie. The books innovative structure encourages new ways of thinking about how American writers might be configured in relation to each other, while providing an analysis of how contemporary fiction has responded to changes in central areas of American life such as the family, the media, technology, and consumerism. Contemporary American Fiction is a substantial critical introduction to some of the most exciting fiction of the last thirty years, an eclectic and thorough advertisement for the extraordinary vitality of American fiction at the end of the twentieth century. This is an excellent introduction to the subject for undergraduate students of modern American literature.
Europe In The Age Of The Italian Wars, 1494–1559
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In his most famous work, The Prince, Machiavelli offered advice on ‘how a ruler should act concerning military matters’. ‘A ruler’, he said, ‘should have no other objective and no other concern, nor occupy himself with anything else except war and its methods and practices, for this pertains only to those who rule.’ Machiavelli thought it ‘evident that if rulers concern themselves more with the refinements of life than with military matters, they lose power’; proficiency in war was ‘what enables one to gain power’.’ Such opinions were not unique to the Florentine political theorist, nor were they confined to the Italian peninsula. Henry VIII was advised that all princes had a natural urge to extend their lands irrespective of the cost, and that a monarch who did not do so was thought to lack ‘the noble courage and spirit of all the others’—a potentially fatal weakness. Kings were thus not truly regal if they lost their honour and status: in Philip II’s words, ‘the dignity and reputation of princes is of no less importance to them than their states’.
The Outsiders Of Europe
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In eastern Europe and around the coastline of the Baltic Sea were huge tracts of land containing a relatively low density of population in comparison with the states of western Europe. Here the fifteenth century had witnessed the decline of three significant medieval states. In the Baltic, the Hanseatic League of commercial cities, with Lubeck as its dominant influence, was clearly waning, opening up the possibility of a Danish (or, subsequently, a Swedish) challenge for the position of supremacy over the Baltic Sea. Given the declining power and influence of the Teutonic Knights in the eastern Baltic, Prussia and Livonia were open to annexation. A dangerous power vacuum was created which in the 1550s it seemed might be filled by Muscovy. Finally, the rule of the Khans of the Golden Horde, based on Sarai on the lower Volga, had collapsed in the fifteenth century. Lithuania had escaped the Mongol conquest; Muscovy was not so fortunate, and the victorious Mongol Khan became its first undisputed personal sovereign. The Mongols had once brought a large part of Asia and the Near East under the rule of a single dynasty, of which Muscovy was a tributary state: but subsequently, the Golden Horde broke up into three distinct Khanates of Kazan’, Astrakhan’ and the Crimea. Though these three states could still raid at will into Poland-Lithuania or Muscovy, they no longer threatened to bring down the ruling dynasties. Indeed, during the reign of Tsar Ivan III, an event traditionally dated to 1480, Moscow ceased to pay tribute to the Golden Horde or its successor states. In the 1550s, Ivan IV subdued Kazan’ and Astrakhan’ and carried the war into the Crimea, the first Tsar of Muscovy to do so, though the Crimea was to remain a tributary state of the Ottoman Turks.
Conclusion: The European Dynastic States
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
No family has ever attained such greatness and power by means of kinship and matrimonial alliances as the House of Austria ... and because this means of aggrandisement is both just and peaceful it must be considered as secure and lasting above all others ... Only among the French, who hold by some Salic Law of unknown origin (which excludes all women from the Crown of France) is there no possibility of using this system of kinship for increasing the size of a ruler’s possessions.
The Revolt Begins
Authors: Israel Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A revolution, a truly great revolt of a kind which fundamentally transforms the course of history, can arise only where there has been a long gestation creating unbridgeable constitutional, social, ideological, and spiritual rifts. All kinds of revolts can arise out of short-term grievances. But repression and exploitation, even had Alva’s regime been more brutal and rapacious than it was, cannot themselves generate a far-reaching rejection of the political and religious foundations of a society such as occurred in 1572 in the Netherlands. For that to happen there must be a preparatory period of polarization of attitudes, ideologies, and constitutional views lasting decades. The economic and military circumstances which precipitated the outbreak of rebellion in 1572, though not unimportant, are thus essentially secondary.
The Institutions of the Republic
Authors: Israel Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The institutional framework of the Dutch Republic first took shape between r 572 and r 588 and assumed definitive form in the period from the departure of Leicester down to 1609. From the Twelve Years Truce onwards, Dutch institutions remained essentially unchanged, until the fall of the Republic in r 795. The Republic’s institutions, it needs to be stressed, differed markedly from those of the Habsburg Netherlands before I 572, and also from what was envisaged in I 579, in the terms of the Union of Utrecht, even though, officially, the Union remained the founding charter of the United Provinces and was continually cited, and venerated, throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
The Separation of Identities: The Twelve Years Truce
Authors: Israel Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite spectacular economic success since 1590, the United Provinces, as Oldenbarnevelt explained in 1606 in a letter to the Dutch envoy in Paris, had, since 1598, experienced serious problems in meeting the escalating cost of the war against Spain: ‘within the country matters are now proceeding with extreme difficulty, but we dare not raise taxation in the towns and villages any higher for fear of disturbances’.1 Holland’s Advocate added that ‘more than half of the inhabitants in the towns and countryside are inclined towards peace and ... should there be any further reverses, the rest will not remain firm, especially since the provinces have been stripped of all business, prosperity, and most of their navigation, by the [peace treaties] of France and England’. Here Oldenbarnevelt was referring to the increased impact of the Spanish embargoes on the Dutch economy, and diversion of traffic away from the Republic, since the revival of commerce between England and Spain following the treaty of 1604.
Introduction
Authors: Keller Evelyn Fox , Longino Helen E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The natural sciences have assumed a position of unparalleled authority in twentieth-century Western intellectual life. But what kind of knowledge do the sciences provide us and what is the basis of their cognitive authority? These questions have grown more pressing as feminist and environmental movements have implicated scientific research and science-based technologies in the continuing subordination of women and in the degradation of the environment.
The Public and the Private Sphere: A Feminist Reconsideration
Authors: Landes Joan B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After a quarter-century delay, Jurgen Habermas’s Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit appeared finally in English translation in the MIT Press series ‘Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought’, edited by Thomas McCarthy. Habermas’s philosophical-historical critique of the concept and function of the public sphere in England, France, and Germany (with some parting glances at the United States) from the Renaissance to the twentieth century served as a direct inspiration for the German New Left and opened up new lines of scholarship and political debate in Germany and Western Europe.
Impartiality and the Civic Public: Some Implications of Feminist Critiques of Moral and Political Theory
Authors: Marion Young Iris 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many writers seeking emancipatory frameworks for challenging both liberal individualist political theory and the continuing encroachment of bureaucracy on everyday life, claim to find a starting-point in unrealized ideals of modern political theory. John Keane, for example, suggests that recent political movements of women, oppressed sexual and ethnic minorities, environmentalists, and so on, return to the contract tradition of legitimacy against the legalistic authority of contemporary state and private bureaucracies. Like many others, Keane looks specifically to Rousseau’s unrealized ideals of freedom and cooperative politics.
General Introduction
Authors: Hylleberg S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The General Introduction has been organized in two sections. The first section discusses the definition of seasonality. In the second section a description of the state of the art is attempted together with an evaluation of the most important and promising ways to model seasonality. The part (Part I) also contains four ‘articles’. The first is an extract from the introduction to Hylleberg (1986) putting the discussion into a historical perspective, while the last article by Bell and Hillmer (1984) adds to this, and in addition, provides a survey and a discussion of some of the major issues involved in the seasonal adjustment of time series data. The two remaining articles by Wallis (1974) and Sims (1974) have since their publication probably become the most influential pieces of research written within this area in the last twenty years.