bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultimate Limit State Safety Format Requirement for Mooring Lines of Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Amlashi Hadi , Jiang Zhiyu , Karimirad Madjid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the ultimate limit state (ULS) safety format requirement for the design of mooring lines for floating wind turbines (FWTs). Uncertainties in mooring line strength and response quantities of FWTs and their effects on the mooring line design safety format are discussed and quantified. The ULS safety format for mooring systems is established based on current DNV design safety format requirement. A comparative structural reliability analysis is conducted to illustrate the variation in implied safety levels in the mooring systems under different design load conditions. The impact of parameters such as consequence class, mean tension to dynamic tension ratio, and number of components in a mooring segment on the implied probability of failure is investigated. The results indicate industry standards are not sufficient to achieve target reliability levels and are not adequate to account for all the design parameters that impact the safety level. This study provides insights into the design, performance, and reliability of mooring systems for FWTs. By quantifying appropriate uncertainties and calibrating partial safety factors to achieve a more harmonized safety level across design parameters, efficient and sustainable deployment of floating wind farms (FWFs) can be ensured.
Parametric Study on Deep-Water Taut Mooring for Floating Offshore Turbines
Authors: Balakrishnan Krishnaveni , Arwade Sanjay , DeGroot Don 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The utilization of offshore wind power in the United States has been a topic of discussion in recent times, and it has become apparent that floating wind technology holds the most potential in water depths exceeding 300 [1] [2] meters. However, to fully harness the benefits of this technology, it is imperative to enhance the station-keeping systems of the floating platforms. This work aims to present the findings from various parametric studies on the novel phenomenon called multiline anchors for floating offshore wind turbines. Since research on emerging wind technologies is shifting focus to deeper water to meet the growing demand of the renewable energy industry, the paper is based on taut-type mooring systems adopted in deep waters. The work entails the analysis of a multiline anchor connecting three different floating offshore wind turbine systems with taut mooring lines, with simulations conducted using the National Renewable Energy laboratory’s open-source tools, FAST and openFAST. The findings help to understand the implication of an increase in turbine size by a three-scale factor on the net multiline anchor forces, and the sensitivity of the environmental force direction on the multiline anchor forces. The influence of the taut angle on the multiline anchor forces in each water depth could also be understood.
Supplemental Material: Tidal dissipation morphodynamic feedback triggers loss of microtidal marshes
Authors: Zapp Samuel , Mariotti Giulio 
Published: January 2024

<p>Further description of previously described hydro-morphodynamic feedbacks, the numerical modeling approach, model inputs, unvegetated-vegetated ratio calculation, and alternative relative sea-level rise and sediment supply scenarios. Figures S1–S8 and a video of the simulation presented in Figure 2 are also included. </p>
Laminar Swirling Wall Jets
Authors: Gaifullin A. M. , Shcheglov A. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe problem of determining the characteristics of a laminar swirling wall jet of an incompressible fluid is considered. Numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations are obtained in the stationary and non-statitonary formulations. It is shown that the jet characteristics obey a self-similar law at large distances from the jet source, as in the case of a three-dimensional laminar non-swirling jet, but in our case the jet propagates at a certain angle to the initial direction of jet blowing. With a large swirling of flow in the jet, regions of recirculation flow appear and the jet flow becomes unsteady.
New advances in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Subramanian Savitha , Khan Farah , Hirsch Irl B 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition resulting in insulin deficiency and eventual loss of pancreatic β cell function requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Since the discovery of insulin more than 100 years ago, vast advances in treatments have improved care for many people with type 1 diabetes. Ongoing research on the genetics and immunology of type 1 diabetes and on interventions to modify disease course and preserve β cell function have expanded our broad understanding of this condition. Biomarkers of type 1 diabetes are detectable months to years before development of overt disease, and three stages of diabetes are now recognized. The advent of continuous glucose monitoring and the newer automated insulin delivery systems have changed the landscape of type 1 diabetes management and are associated with improved glycated hemoglobin and decreased hypoglycemia. Adjunctive therapies such as sodium glucose cotransporter-1 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may find use in management in the future. Despite these rapid advances in the field, people living in under-resourced parts of the world struggle to obtain necessities such as insulin, syringes, and blood glucose monitoring essential for managing this condition. This review covers recent developments in diagnosis and treatment and future directions in the broad field of type 1 diabetes.
Control energy management system for photovoltaic with bidirectional converter using deep neural network
Authors: Widjonarko Widjonarko , Utomo Wahyu Mulyo , Omar Saodah , Baskara Fatah Ridha , Rosyadi Marwan 
Published: January 2024

Rapid population growth propels technological advancement, heightening electricity demand. Obsolete fossil fuel-based power facilities necessitate alternative energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) energy relies on weather conditions, posing challenges for constant energy consumption. This hybrid energy source system (HESS) prototype employs extreme learning machine (ELM) power management to oversee PV, fossil fuel, and battery sources. ELM optimally selects power sources, adapting to varying conditions. A bidirectional converter (BDC) efficiently manages battery charging, discharging, and secondary power distribution. HESS ensures continuous load supply and swift response for system reliability. The optimal HESS design incorporates a single renewable source (PV), conventional energy (PNL and genset), and energy storage (battery). Supported by a BDC with over 80% efficiency in buck and boost modes, it stabilizes voltage and supplies power through flawless ELM-free logic verification. Google Colab online testing and hardware implementation with Arduino demonstrate ELM's reliability, maintaining a direct current (DC) 24 V interface voltage and ensuring its applicability for optimal HESS.
Protein Kinase A Is a Master Regulator of Physiological and Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Bai Yingyu , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Ying , Qi Fei , Liu Chong , Ai Xiaojie , Tang Mingxin , Szeto Christopher , Gao Erhe , Hua Xiang , Xie Mingxing , Wang Xuejun , Tian Ying , Chen Yongjie , Huang Guowei , Zhang Junping , Xiao Weidong , Zhang Lili , Liu Xueyuan , Yang Qing , Houser Steven R , Chen Xiongwen 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
The sympathoadrenergic system and its major effector PKA (protein kinase A) are activated to maintain cardiac output coping with physiological or pathological stressors. If and how PKA plays a role in physiological cardiac hypertrophy (PhCH) and pathological CH (PaCH) are not clear.

METHODS:

Transgenic mouse models expressing the PKA inhibition domain (PKAi) of PKA inhibition peptide alpha (PKIalpha)-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein (PKAi-GFP) in a cardiac-specific and inducible manner (cPKAi) were used to determine the roles of PKA in physiological CH during postnatal growth or induced by swimming, and in PaCH induced by transaortic constriction (TAC) or augmented Ca
2+
influx. Kinase profiling was used to determine cPKAi specificity. Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac morphology and function. Western blotting and immunostaining were used to measure protein abundance and phosphorylation. Protein synthesis was assessed by puromycin incorporation and protein degradation by measuring protein ubiquitination and proteasome activity. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) infected with AdGFP (GFP adenovirus) or AdPKAi-GFP (PKAi-GFP adenovirus) were used to determine the effects and mechanisms of cPKAi on myocyte hypertrophy. rAAV9.PKAi-GFP was used to treat TAC mice.

RESULTS:

(1) cPKAi delayed postnatal cardiac growth and blunted exercise-induced PhCH; (2) PKA was activated in hearts after TAC due to activated sympathoadrenergic system, the loss of endogenous PKIα (PKA inhibition peptide α), and the stimulation by noncanonical PKA activators; (3) cPKAi ameliorated PaCH induced by TAC and increased Ca
2+
influxes and blunted neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by isoproterenol and phenylephrine; (4) cPKAi prevented TAC-induced protein synthesis by inhibiting mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling through reducing Akt (protein kinase B) activity, but enhancing inhibitory GSK-3α (glycogen synthase kinase-3α) and GSK-3β signals; (5) cPKAi reduced protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system via decreasing RPN6 phosphorylation; (6) cPKAi increased the expression of antihypertrophic atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); (7) cPKAi ameliorated established PaCH and improved animal survival.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiomyocyte PKA is a master regulator of PhCH and PaCH through regulating protein synthesis and degradation. cPKAi can be a novel approach to treat PaCH.
The Realities of Anti-Corruption and Whistleblowing
Authors: Mantzaris Evangelos , Saruchera Munyaradzi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite the existence of anti-corruption whistleblowing laws, Zimbabwe’s public service has suffered from maladministration, corrupt politicians, “mediators” and businesses, malpractice and irregularities for a long time. This article, employing grounded theory within a qualitative research paradigm, discusses a study which draws on eight interviews and found that whistleblowers lack state protection because state institutions do not have the political will to protect them. These realities are associated with: 1) state organisation capacity and success, or lack of it, in whistleblower protection in the public sector; 2) the significance of legislative and regulatory measures that encourage citizens to become whistleblowers as a key deterrent against corruption; 3) the lack of operationalisation of whistleblower protection within public organisations; 4) the possibility of creative intervention strategies and tactics that would increase the role and success of whistleblowing initiatives and actions; and 5) future financial incentives in laws and regulations that could encourage whistleblowing.
Unravelling the disease ecology of snake fungal disease: high genetic variability and ecological features of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola in Switzerland
Authors: Joudrier Nicolas , Blanvillain Gaelle , Meier Gregoire , Hoyt Joseph , Chèvre Maxime , Dubey Sylvain , Origgi Francesco C. , Ursenbacher Sylvain 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The discovery of the fungal pathogen Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo), the aetiologic agent of Snake Fungal Disease (SFD), has raised a growing interest in the North American and European scientific communities, in particular toward conservation. This pathogen is known or suspected to be associated with the declines of some snake populations in North America and was detected later in Europe. Its ecology, distribution and phylogeography still remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected skin swabs from 271 free-ranging snakes in Switzerland across 8 different species and 13 sites. The overall pathogen prevalence was at least 28% with sequences consistent with both the European and the North American lineages (respectively Clade I and II) of Oo. Semi-aquatic snakes were more likely to be infected by Oo, and high human disturbance (human frequentation and direct impact on snakes) was associated with a higher Oo prevalence, whereas season, body condition and snake species introduction was not. This study suggests that Switzerland might represent a region characterised by high genetic variability in Oo, and where long-term monitoring might be particularly important to follow the evolution of the disease in free-ranging snakes.
Female Leadership Roles: Subjectivity and Self-Representation
Authors: Abdelaal Ola 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article delves into the impact of digital activism on the leadership style of female-led non-governmental organisations operating under restricted access to opportunities. The focus is on Muslim sisterhood activism, examining the shift from offline to online activism led by the younger generation. The article analyses the barriers that have historically prevented Muslim sisterhood activists from playing leadership roles within the Muslim Brotherhood group and compares offline and online leadership roles using the case study of the Revolutionary Coalition for Egyptian Women from 2014 to 2023, with a focus on 2014. The study reveals that the younger generation of Muslim women has adopted a language that prioritises self-representation and body politics over religious discourse, indicating a heightened awareness of gender politics during the period between 2014 and 2023. To overcome state-imposed restrictions, the younger generation of the Muslim sisterhood has contradicted their well-established values on women’s roles and focused their political agendas on regaining popularity in Egyptian society. By exploring the impact of different political opportunities on women’s leadership roles through the political process paradigm, this article bridges a gap in the literature on resistant politics, feminism, leadership, and digital activism. The study shows that the younger generation of Muslim women is spearheading a strategic change in the resistant activist discourse, utilising the new digital space for activism to promote their cause.
Senegal’s Political Character and its Connections with the Middle East
Authors: Bishku Michael B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Senegal is a country that values diplomacy. It is a predominantly-Muslim populated, constitutionally secular, nonaligned state having relations with most countries in the world. Senegal has maintained a stable political system with peaceful transfers of power despite being located in a region of Africa witnessing unstable conditions in recent years. Its leadership is well regarded by countries with different political systems and through that reputation has been able to receive needed technical and economic assistance while maintaining an independent foreign policy. Senegal has exercised influence on the continent, and even beyond, greater than a number of African countries larger in size, since its independence from France in June 1960. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of outside powers, including those in the Middle East of middle size. Those countries, namely Saudi Arabia (together with Morocco and its allies in the Gulf), Türkiye, Iran and Israel, have regarded Senegal as a “gateway” to West Africa and the Sahel region. Yet while Senegal’s ties especially with France and its neighbors in Africa have received much scholarly attention, academics have only recently begun to investigate Senegal’s connections with the Middle East; it is indeed one important aspect for anyone wishing to study Senegal’s foreign relations in a more comprehensive fashion and to have a better understanding of how this country is quite successful in balancing those ties.
Forestry control in the Brazilian Amazon III: anatomy of wood and charcoal of tree species from sustainable forest management
Authors: da Silva Alana Assunção , de Sousa Kaick Coelho , de Souza Fernanda Ilkiu Borges , Nobre João Rodrigo Coimbra , de Paula Protásio Thiago , de Lima Melo Luiz Eduardo 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The illegal harvest of timber and the subsequent production of charcoal have been contributing to the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon and its degradation. Analysis of wood anatomy is a well-established tool used to detect illegally harvested wood and is commonly employed in the control of illegal forestry activities. This study aimed to contribute to a database used for the anatomical identification of wood and charcoal from tree species commonly harvested and marketed in the Amazon. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of wood and charcoal for 15 forest species were described. Characteristics that could be described in detail, such as vessel grouping, type of axial parenchyma, and in some cases, perforation plates and uniseriate rays, are fundamental to the identification of wood and charcoal that are illegally, or even legally, marketed. The study aids in the monitoring of the illegal marketing of wood and charcoal and will contribute to the construction of a database and reference collections that will be available for research, training, and use by forest managers, anatomists and anthracologists who study both wood and charcoal.
Reducing a Tropical Cyclone Weak-Intensity Bias in a Global Numerical Weather Prediction System
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Nolan David S. , Aider Rabah , Charron Martin , Chen Jan-Huey , Cossette Jean-François , Gaudreault Stéphane , Husain Syed , Magnusson Linus , Qaddouri Abdessamad , Separovic Leo , Subich Christopher , Yang Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The operational Canadian Global Deterministic Prediction System suffers from a weak-intensity bias for simulated tropical cyclones. The presence of this bias is confirmed in progressively simplified experiments using a hierarchical system development technique. Within a semi-idealized, simplified-physics framework, an unexpected insensitivity to the representation of relevant physical processes leads to investigation of the model’s semi-Lagrangian dynamical core. The root cause of the weak-intensity bias is identified as excessive numerical dissipation caused by substantial off-centering in the two time-level time integration scheme used to solve the governing equations. Any (semi)implicit semi-Lagrangian model that employs such off-centering to enhance numerical stability will be afflicted by a misalignment of the pressure gradient force in strong vortices. Although the associated drag is maximized in the tropical cyclone eyewall, the impact on storm intensity can be mitigated through an intercomparison-constrained adjustment of the model’s temporal discretization. The revised configuration is more sensitive to changes in physical parameterizations and simulated tropical cyclone intensities are improved at each step of increasing experimental complexity. Although some rebalancing of the operational system may be required to adapt to the increased effective resolution, significant reduction of the weak-intensity bias will improve the quality of Canadian guidance for global tropical cyclone forecasting.

Significance Statement
Global numerical weather prediction systems provide important guidance to forecasters about tropical cyclone development, motion, and intensity. Despite recent improvements in the Canadian operational model’s ability to predict tropical cyclone formation, the system systematically underpredicts the intensity of these storms. In this study, we use a set of increasingly simplified experiments to identify the source of this error, which lies in the numerical time-stepping scheme used to solve the model equations. By decreasing numerical drag on the tropical cyclone circulation, intensity predictions that resemble those of other global modeling systems are achieved. This will improve the quality of Canadian tropical cyclone guidance for forecasters around the world.
Evaluating Mortality Outcomes, Transfusion Characteristics, and Risk Factors Associated With Cirrhotic Trauma Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy Versus Non-Operative Management: A National Analysis
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Breeding Tessa , Martinez Brian , Patel Heli , Chin Brian , Wright D-Dre , Patterson Ryan , Roberts Jennifer , Rhodes Heather 
Published: January 2024

Background Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) demonstrate significantly elevated mortality rates following a traumatic event. This study aims to examine and compare the clinical outcomes in adult trauma patients with pre-existing LC undergoing laparotomy or non-operative management (NOM). Additionally, the study aims to investigate various patient outcomes, including mortality rate based on transfusion needs and timing. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program Participant Use File (ACS-TQIP-PUF) 2017-21 to compare laparotomy vs NOM in adults (≥18 years) with pre-existing LC who presented to trauma facilities with isolated blunt solid organ abdominal injuries (Injury Severity Score ≥16, Abbreviated Injury Scale solid organ abdomen ≥3). Results Among 929 patients, 38.2% underwent laparotomy, while 61.7% received NOM. The in-hospital mortality rate was lower for patients who received NOM (52.3% vs 20.0%, P < .01). The risk of in-hospital mortality was significantly associated with laparotomy (OR 5.22, 95% CI: 2.06-13.18, P < .01) and sepsis (OR 99.50, 95% CI: 6.99-1415.28, P < .01). On average an increase in blood units in 4 hours was observed among those who experienced an in-hospital mortality (OR 5.65, 95% CI: 3.05-8.24, P < .01) and those who underwent laparotomy (OR 3.85, 95% CI: 1.36-6.34, P < .01) Conclusion Trauma patients with moderate to severe isolated organ injury and Liver cirrhosis had significantly higher mortality rates, acute renal failure, whole blood units received, as well as longer ICU-LOS when undergoing laparotomy compared to non-operative management.