bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Featured Organism: Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the fission yeast
Authors: Wixon Jo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSchizosaccharomyces pombe, the fission yeast, has long been a crucial model for the study of the eukaryote cell cycle. We take a look at this important yeast, whose genome has recently been completed, featuring comments from Valerie Wood, Jürg Bähler, Ramsay McFarlane, Susan Forsburg, Iain Hagan and Paul Nurse on the implications of having the complete sequence and future prospects for pombe genomics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Summary

• Fission yeast; reproduces by medial fission rather than budding
• 13.8Mb genome, as three chromosomes
• Genome sequence completed, ∼5000 genes
• ∼10% of the predicted genes are orphans
• No signs of whole genome duplication like that seen in S. cerevisiae
• Evolutionarily very distant to S. cerevisiae
NMR and parity nonconservation. Experimental requirements to observe a difference between enantiomer signals
Authors: Robert J.‐B. , Barra A.L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe possibility of observing a difference in the high‐resolution NMR spectra of two enantiomers as due to parity nonconservation is discussed. Proposals to minimize the NMR linewidths are presented. It is concluded that, using the ultra‐ high‐resolution technique, a difference could be observed with high Z value spin one‐ half nuclei such as Pt, T1, Xe. Other nuclei can also be considered. Chirality 13:699–702, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct chiral separation of unnatural amino acids by high‐performance liquid chromatography on a ristocetin a‐bonded stationary phase
Authors: Török Gabriella , Pëter Antal , Armstrong Daniel W. , Tourwë Drik , Töth Gëza , Säpi Jänos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDirect high‐performance liquid chromatographic chiral separation of numerous underivatized unnatural amino acids on a ristocetin A‐bonded chiral stationary phase used in the reversed‐phase and in the polar organic chromatographic modes is reported. The effects of different parameters such as mobile phase composition, temperature, and the structure of the analytes on the selectivity in both chromatographic modes are discussed. By variation of the parameters, the separation of the stereoisomers was optimized and, as a result, baseline resolution was achieved in most cases. Chirality 13:648–656, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel direct access to enantiomerization barriers from peak profiles in enantioselective dynamic chromatography: Enantiomerization of dialkyl‐1,3‐allenedicarboxylates
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Schurig Volker 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe axially chiral allenes dimethyl‐1,3‐allenedicarboxylate1and diethyl‐1,3‐allenedicarboxylate2show characteristic plateau formation during enantioselective GC separation on the chiral stationary liquid phase Chirasil‐β‐Dex. The elution profiles, obtained from temperature‐dependent dynamic GC (DGC) experiments (1: 100–140°C;2: 110–150°C) were evaluated with the recently derived approximation function (AF)$k_1^{approx} = f(t^{A}_{R}, t_R^B, w^A_h, h_{plateau}, N)$to yield the enantiomerization rate constant directlyk1. These values were compared with those obtained by computer‐aided simulation with ChromWin. The Eyring activation parameters of the experimental interconversion profiles were determined to be: ΔG#(298.15 K) = 103.6 ± 0.9 kJ mol−1, ΔH#= 44.7 ± 0.4 kJ mol−1, ΔS#= −198 ± 7 J K1mol−1for dimethyl‐1,3‐allenedicarboxylate1, and ΔG#(298.15 K) = 103.5 ± 1.1 kJ mol−1, ΔH#= 44.7 ± 0.5 kJ mol−1, ΔS#= −197 ± 9 J K−1mol−1for diethyl‐1,3‐allenedicarboxylate2. The approximation function (AF) presented here allows the fast determination of rate constantsk1and activation barriers of enantiomerization ΔG#from chromatographic parameters without extensive computer simulation. Chirality 14:465–470, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CEOs' power and corporate performance transitions
Authors: Chaganti Rajeswararao , Damanpour Fariborz , Mankelwicz John M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study addresses the question, How does CEO power affect, and respond to, corporate performance transitions over time? Drawing on insights culled from the top management and organizational life‐cycle literature, we assumed that CEO power rises and falls in tandem with a firm's upward or downward performance cycles. However, our examination of four CEO “power characteristics”—structural, ownership, expert, and prestige—at 38 major U.S. corporations over a period of 12 years showed, instead, that CEOs' power (1) rises and falls within both upward and downward performance transitions and (2) does not rise and fall in a steady, monotonic fashion. In fact, some dimensions of CEO power are clearly more tied than others to changes in firm performance, and shifts in CEO power can also be linked to either the early or the late part of each transition cycle. These results have several implications for competitive intelligence (CI) professionals: First, the four power characteristics seem to behave independently of each other and seem to influence performance in their own unique ways. Each characteristic seems to play a very special role in the scheme of things and contribute uniquely to our understanding of performance transitions. Because of the special role that each power characteristic assumes in driving a firm's performance, CI professionals must track all four power indicators (and not simply any one of the indicators) to fully comprehend the performance changes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The science, not art, of business intelligence
Authors: O'Guin Michael C. , Ogilvie Timothy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe intelligence process starts with management articulating the need for information that will allow it to make a critical decision. As our case study demonstrates, effective business intelligence results not from luck, but from a systematic process. The intelligence analyst deduces a target's most likely actions or intentions using a hypothesis‐based approach. This approach allows the analyst to form and test a theory about the target's actions. Testing a set of hypotheses causes the analysis to identify, plan, and seek out market signals that betray a competitor's actions. By implementing the intelligence plan, the analyst is able to collect the necessary facts to deduce a competitor's actions, allowing his or her company a decisive advantage in the marketplace. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transient production of α‐smooth muscle actin by skeletal myoblasts during differentiation in culture and following intramuscular implantation
Authors: Springer Matthew L. , Ozawa Clare R. , Blau Helen M. 
Published: August 2002

Abstractα‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) is typically not present in post‐embryonic skeletal muscle myoblasts or skeletal muscle fibers. However, both primary myoblasts isolated from neonatal mouse muscle tissue, and C2C12, an established myoblast cell line, produced SMA in culture within hours of exposure to differentiation medium. The SMA appeared during the cells' initial elongation, persisted through differentiation and fusion into myotubes, remained abundant in early myotubes, and was occasionally observed in a striated pattern. SMA continued to be present during the initial appearance of sarcomeric actin, but disappeared shortly thereafter leaving only sarcomeric actin in contractile myotubes derived from primary myoblasts. Within one day after implantation of primary myoblasts into mouse skeletal muscle, SMA was observed in the myoblasts; but by 9 days post‐implantation, no SMA was detectable in myoblasts or muscle fibers. Thus, both neonatal primary myoblasts and an established myoblast cell line appear to similarly reprise an embryonic developmental program during differentiation in culture as well as differentiation within adult mouse muscles. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:177–186, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo localization of centrin in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Ruiz‐Binder Nayma E. , Geimer Stefan , Melkonian Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model system to study flagellar assembly, centriole assembly, and cell cycle events. These processes are dynamic. Therefore, protein targeting and protein‐protein interactions should be evaluated in vivo. To be able to study dynamic processes in C. reinhardtii in vivo, we have explored the use of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). A construct containing a fusion of centrin and GFP was incorporated into the genome as a single copy. The selected clone shows expression in 25–50% of the cells. Centrin‐GFP was targeted in vivo to the nuclear basal body connectors and the distal connecting fibers. At the electron microscopic level, it was also localized to the flagellar transitional regions. EM data of transformants indicate that there are some abnormalities in the centrin‐containing structures. The transitional region consists of only the transverse septum or has lesions in the H‐piece. The distal connecting fibers are thinner and their characteristic crossbands seem to be incomplete. Deflagellation is not affected since more than 95% of the cells deflagellate. Also basal body segregation is not affected since cells with an abnormal flagellar number were not detected. Functional studies of the centrin‐GFP fusion show the characteristic calcium‐induced mobility shift in SDS‐PAGE. Immunofluorescence revealed that during cell division, centrin‐GFP remains associated with the basal bodies. In vivo localization of the fusion protein during cell division shows that in metaphase centrin‐GFP appears as two opposing spots located close to the spindle poles. The distance between the spots increases as the cells progress through anaphase and then decreases during telophase. GFP is a useful tool to study dynamic processes in the cytoskeleton of C. reinhardtii. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:43–55, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromagnetic wave compression and radio frequency homogeneity in NMR solenoidal coils: Computational approach
Authors: Engelke Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe homogeneity of the radio frequency (RF) magnetic field in the region of the NMR sample is prerequisite for good performance in many NMR experiments. When calculating such fields, the quasistationary approximation is valid for wavelengths that are large compared to the physical dimensions of the NMR coil, but it no longer applies for the geometrical dimensions of NMR coils at high frequencies. The present study investigates electromagnetic fields in solenoidal coils. Considering the electromagnetic field derivable from first principles allows us to systematically study the effects that originate from the finiteness of the wavelength compared to the physical size of solenoidal coils employed in NMR probes. There are three major effects that occur: the wavelength in the coil is generally different from the wavelength in free space, even for an absent sample; the dielectric properties of the NMR sample have an additional influence on the electromagnetic field distribution inside the coil; and the circuit surrounding the coil leads to a wave reflection that affects the RF magnetic field distribution originating from the superposition of forward and backward traveling waves. The results allow the derivation of principal conclusions for the characterization of NMR solenoidal coils. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 129–155, 2002
Echo planar spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Mulkern Robert V. , Panych Lawrence P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEcho planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) allows for mapping one spatial dimension and the spectroscopic dimension in a single readout. Modern clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanners are becoming widely equipped with echo planar imaging gradient capabilities. Thus there exists an enormous potential for EPSI to facilitate clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, a pedagogical analysis of how the spectral and spatial encoding occur within EPSI is provided along with demonstrations of the technique and a discussion of the inherent signal‐to‐noise limitations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 13: 213–237, 2001
p53 mutation analysis for definite diagnosis of multiple primary lung carcinoma
Authors: van Rens Marcel Th. M. , Eijken Erik J. E. , Elbers Johannes R. J. , Lammers Jan‐W. J. , Tilanus Marcel G. J. , Slootweg Pieter J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe detection of a second tumor in patients with lung carcinoma raises the question whether this lesion is a metastasis or a second primary lung carcinoma. Patients cannot always be categorized satisfactorily according the criteria of multiple lung carcinoma proposed by Martini and Melamed. This may result in an inadequate treatment schedule in individual patients. Because p53 mutations can be used as clonal marker, the authors investigated whether p53 mutation analysis can differentiate between primary lung carcinomas and metastatic disease.METHODSSixty‐four tumors in 31 patients with synchronous and metachronous lung tumors were investigated by p53 mutation analysis.RESULTSIn 21 patients, the tumors showed different p53 mutations, and therefore a definite diagnosis of multiple primary lung carcinoma was made. One of these patients did not meet the criteria of Martini and Melamed. In two other patients not matching these criteria, identical mutations were demonstrated in both tumors, indicating the presence of metastatic disease. In eight patients, analysis was not conclusive or possible.CONCLUSIONSp53 mutation analysis can be a useful tool to confirm or rule out multiple primary lung carcinoma, and the results confirm the criteria of Martini and Melamed. However, in patients not meeting these criteria, the diagnosis of multiple lung carcinoma still has to be considered, and metastatic disease has to be ruled out. P53 mutation analysis can be helpful for this purpose. Cancer 2002;94:188–96. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Active chemotherapy for collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney
Authors: Milowsky Matthew I. , Rosmarin Alyssa , Tickoo Satish K. , Papanicolaou Nicholas , Nanus David M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCollecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is associated with an aggressive course and an extremely poor prognosis. To the authors' knowledge, there are no standard treatment regimens and neither immunotherapy nor chemotherapy have been found to be effective.METHODSIn the current study, the authors report a 49‐year‐old man who presented with a 7.0 cm × 6.0 cm renal mass with extensive regional, paraaortic, and left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Radical nephrectomy revealed a CDC. The patient was treated with doxorubicin, 50 mg/m2 (Day 1), and gemcitabine, 2000 mg/m2 (Day 1), (AG) every 2 weeks with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) support.RESULTSThe left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy significantly decreased in size after the first cycle. Computed tomography (CT) scan after the third cycle revealed a significant (68%) reduction in the tumor volume. Toxicity was comprised of only CTC version 2.0, 1998; Grade 1 nausea and fatigue. After Cycle 6, a repeat CT scan demonstrated minimal disease progression. Based on recent Phase II data of an active regimen comprised of AG alternating with ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (ITP) in patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the patient was treated with ifosfamide, 1500 mg/m2 (Days 1–3); paclitaxel, 175 mg/m2 (Day 1); and cisplatin, 35 mg/m2 (Days 1 and 2), every 4 weeks with GCSF support. After two cycles of ITP, the patient developed disease progression in bone and received palliative radiation therapy. Follow‐up CT scan demonstrated new liver metastases. The patient received palliative care without further chemotherapy and died approximately 10 months after the initial diagnosis of CDC.CONCLUSIONSImmunohistologic and molecular analyses indicate that CDC more closely resembles transitional cell carcinoma than renal cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy regimens used to treat advanced transitional cell carcinoma such as AG should be evaluated as first‐line therapy for CDC. Cancer 2002;94:111–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Loss of E‐cadherin expression resulting from promoter hypermethylation in oral tongue carcinoma and its prognostic significance
Authors: Chang Hsiao Wen , Chow Vivian , Lam King Yin , Wei William Ignace , Wing Yuen Anthony Po 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDE‐cadherin is expressed on the surface of normal epithelial cells. Loss of E‐cadherin expression has been found in cancers and is postulated to facilitate tumor cell dissociation and metastasis. This study evaluated the role of promoter dense methylation in the downregulation of E‐cadherin expression in oral tongue carcinoma.METHODSE‐cadherin expression of 109 oral tongue carcinomas (93 primary tumors, 7 locally recurrent tumors, and 9 metastatic lymph nodes) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues. The methylation status of the CpG islands at the promoter region of E‐cadherin which flanked five HpaII (methylation sensitive restriction enzyme) digestion sites were evaluated by methylation sensitive polymerase chain reaction in 86 tumors (70 primary tumors, 7 locally recurrent tumors, and 9 metastatic lymph nodes).RESULTSUnderexpression of E‐cadherin was found in 83% of primary tumors, 86% of recurrent tumors, and 89% of nodal metastases. Hypermethylated E‐cadherin promoter was found in 64% of primary tumors, 71% of recurrent tumors, and 67% of nodal metastases. Downregulation of E‐cadherin expression was found to be related to promoter hypermethylation. Consistently weak expression of E‐cadherin by promoter hypermethylation was observed in primary tumors, their corresponding metastatic lymph nodes, and recurrent tumors. Downregulation of E‐cadherin expression was a significant poor prognostic factor for survival.CONCLUSIONSMethylation of CpG sites at the promoter region played a key role in the inhibition of E‐cadherin expression in both primary oral tongue carcinomas and their corresponding recurrences and nodal metastases. The resulting downregulation of E‐cadherin expression had adverse effects on the prognosis of patients who were treated by primary surgery. Cancer 2002;94:386–92. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Severe interstitial pneumonitis associated with docetaxel administration
Authors: Read William L. , Mortimer Joanne E. , Picus Joel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterstitial pneumonitis has not been reported as a toxicity of docetaxel. The authors report the presentation and natural history of four patients who developed a severe interstitial pneumonitis after receiving docetaxel.METHODSThe hospital and outpatient records of patients treated with docetaxel were reviewed to identify whether any of these patients required an evaluation for respiratory problems.RESULTSFour patients developed an interstitial pneumonitis that could be explained only as a toxicity of docetaxel. None had metastatic disease to the lung, and all had normal liver function before receiving chemotherapy. The patients presented with acute dyspnea and fever within 1–2 weeks of receiving docetaxel. All developed progressive interstitial infiltrates and respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation. An exhaustive workup for other causes of pneumonitis was negative. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids were ineffective. Two patients died of complications related to the pulmonary process. The two survivors required ventilatory support for more than 21 days. The clinical and pathologic findings of these patients are presented.CONCLUSIONSInterstitial pneumonitis is a rare and potentially fatal complication of docetaxel treatment. Prolonged ventilatory support is appropriate in patients with a favorable prognosis. Cancer 2002;94:847–53. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10263
A prospective study evaluating the response of patients with unrelieved cancer pain to parenteral opioids
Authors: Enting Roelien H. , Oldenmenger Wendy H. , van der Rijt Carin C. D. , Wilms Erik B. , Elfrink Erna J. , Elswijk Ineke , Sillevis Smitt Peter A. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe initiation of continuous parenteral (subcutaneous or intravenous) opioids or a change of opioid (opioid rotation) are treatment options for patients who fail on oral or transdermal opioids. There are insufficient data on the efficacy of these strategies, and comparative data are unavailable.METHODSThe authors prospectively evaluated the efficacy of the start of parenteral opioids in 100 patients with cancer pain who failed on conventional opioids. Pain intensity was rated at rest and during movement from 0 to 10 and was categorized as mild (0–4), moderate (5–6), or severe (7–10): Clinically important pain control was defined as a decrease ≥ 2 points in pain intensity and pain intensity < 7. Pain control was evaluated on the second day and again when a clinical decision was made to continue or change parenteral opioid treatment after a median of 6 days. The presence of side effects (absent, mild, moderate, or severe) was evaluated.RESULTSThe mean pain intensity at rest decreased significantly from 6.3 to 4.4 at 48 hours and to 3.4 at the end of treatment. The mean pain intensity during movement decreased significantly from 8.4 to 5.7 at 48 hours and to 4.6 at the end of treatment. Clinically important pain control at rest was seen in 52% of patients at 48 hours, in 71% of patients at the end of treatment; and clinically important pain control during movement was seen in 43% of patients at 48 hours and in 61% of patients at the end of treatment. The proportion of patients with mild pain increased significantly both at rest and during movement. Side effects were present in 78% of patients, and they resolved completely in 32% of patients. The median intravenous morphine equivalent dose increased from 80 mg per day to 135 mg per day at 48 hours and to 201 mg per day at the end of treatment. Results were not different for opioid rotation or for change of route only, nor did the start of antitumour treatment influence the results. In 34% of patients, it was decided to rotate to a second‐line parenteral opioid or to start either spinal analgesia or a sedation procedure after a median of 6 days. During follow‐up, 18% of patients who were dismissed with parenteral opioids (and 6% of all patients) needed a further change of treatment.CONCLUSIONSParenteral opioids improved the balance between analgesia and side effects in patients with cancer pain who failed on conventional opioids, with an important improvement seen in 71% of patients. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that parenteral opioids are a good alternative to spinal opioids. Furthermore, it is suggested that a change of route alone is as effective as opioid rotation. Cancer 2002;94:3049–56. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10518