bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the oligosaccharides sensitive to endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase H in the glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus
Authors: GEYER Rudolf , GEYER Hildegard , EGGE Heinz , SCHOTT Hans Henning , STIRM Stephan 
Published: March 2005

The surface glycoprotein (mixture of isoglycoproteins with Mr 69000 and 71000) was isolated from the particles of Friend murine leukemia virus, and was successively digested with protease and with endo‐β‐N‐ acetylglucosaminidase from Streptomyces griseus. Roughly 20% (w/w) of the carbohydrates in this glycoprotein were thus released, and they were fractionated by high‐performance liquid chromatography after reduction with KB3H4NaBH4. The radioactive oligosaccharitol fractions obtained were analyzed by exoglycosidase digestion, by acetolysis, and, after permethylation, by fast atom‐bombardment mass spectrometry, as well as by capillary gas‐liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry following hydrolysis, reduction and peracetylation.Around 85% (mol/mol) of the endo‐H‐sensitive viral glycans were thus found to be oligomannosidic oligosaccharitols of size classes Man5GlcNAcOH, Man6GlcNAcOH, Man8GlcNAcOH, Man7 GlcNAcOH, and Man9GlcNAcOH (in order of prevalence), and the major structural isomers of each size class were identified. About another 15% (mol/mol) of the oligosaccharitols were shown to be of the ‘mixed type’, comprising mainly four species in which the Man(α1 → 6)‐branch of the Manα1 → 6 (Manα1 → 3) Manβ1 → 4GlcNAcOH core is substituted by one or two additional α‐mannoses, while the Man(α1 → 3)‐branch carries an N‐acetyllactosamine unit substituted by sialic acid, or by Gal(α1 → 3).
Molecular cloning of hepatic 5‐aminolevulinate synthase
Authors: BORTHWICK Iain A. , SRIVASTAVA Gopesh , HOBBS Andrew A. , PIROLA Byron A. , BROOKER John D. , MAY Brian K. , ELLIOTT William H. 
Published: March 2005

Hepatic 5‐aminolevulinate synthase was induced in chick embryos by administration of the porphyrinogenic drugs 2‐allyl‐2‐isopropylacetamide and 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine. A cDNA library was constructed from drug‐induced liver mRNA and clones containing sequences coding for 5‐aminolevulinate synthase were identified by hybrid‐selected translation. The identity of these clones was confirmed by comparing DNA sequence data with the amino acid sequence of peptides from purified 5‐aminolevulinate synthase.From Northern blot analysis the size of the mRNA for 5‐aminolevulinate synthase was estimated to be 2800 base pairs, approximately 600 base pairs more than that required to code for the primary translation product of relative molecular mass 74000.
Resolution by high‐pressure liquid chromatography and partial characterization of multiple forms of cytochrome P‐450 from hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital‐treated rats
Authors: BANSAL Surendra K. , LOVE John H. , GURTOO Hira L. 
Published: March 2005

Seven cytochromes P‐450 (A, B, C, D, E1, E2 and F) were isolated from hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital‐induced rats by a modification of the procedure of Guengerich and Martin [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1980) 205, 365–379]. The modification consisted of replacing DEAE‐cellulose column by two DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B columns connected in tandem, changing the elution scheme and monitoring the resulting fractions by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytochrome P‐450 forms D, E1, E2, and F having molecular masses of 52.5 kDa, 52.5 kDa, 53.3 kDa and 53.2 kDa, respectively were resolved from the major form of cytochrome P‐450 ‘peak B2’ of Guengerich and Martin (above reference). These four cytochromes P‐450 were immunologically identical by Ouchterlony double‐diffusion analysis. Slight but significant differences were evident in the partial peptide digest maps of these four cytochromes P‐450 and catalytic properties of these four forms, though qualitatively similar, demonstrated distinct quantitative differences. Furthermore, HPLC retention times of these four cytochrome P‐450s were quite different. Cytochrome P‐450 forms A, B and C were distinctly different from each other and from the forms D, E1, E2 and F in the following respects: partial peptide digest maps, catalytic activities, and HPLC retention times.The present results show that cytochromes P‐450 considered homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may be heterogeneous and contain multiple forms of cytochromes P‐450 with different net charges but similar molecular‐masses. These studies also demonstrate the capability of HPLC in providing a simple and effective tool for monitoring the separation of cytochromes P‐450 showing charge heterogeneity.
Kinetics of activation of l‐lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus lactis by fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate
Authors: HARDMAN Michael J. , CROW Vaughan L. , CRUICKSHANK Denise S. , PRITCHARD Graham G. 
Published: March 2005

A lag is observed before the steady state during pyruvate reduction catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus lactis. The lag is abolished by preincubation of enzyme with the activator fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate before mixing with the substrates. The rate constants for the lag phase showed a linear dependence on fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate concentration, with a second‐order rate constant of 2.0 − 104 M−1 s−1, but were independent of enzyme concentration.
Binding of fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate produces a decrease in the protein fluorescence of the enzyme. The second‐order rate constant for the fluorescence change is twice that for the lag in pyruvate reduction.
The results suggest that binding of fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate induces a conformational change in the enzyme, producing a form with reduced protein fluorescence and increased activity towards pyruvate reduction.
Biosynthesis and secretion of α1 acute‐phase globulin in primary cultures of rat hepatcytes
Authors: BAUER Joachim , KURDOWSKA Anna , TRAN‐THI Thuy‐Anh , BUDEK Werner , KOJ Aleksander , DECKER Karl , HEINRICH Peter C. 
Published: March 2005

Experimental inflammation in rats led to a sevenfold increase in serum levels of α1 acute‐phase globulin. This increase is correlated with elevated levels of translatable mRNA for α1 acute‐phase globulin in the liver.Biosynthesis and secretion of α1 acute‐phase globulin were studied in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. An intracellular form of α1 acute‐phase globulin with an apparent relative molecular mass of 63 500 and a secreted form of 68 000 were found. The intracellular form of α1 acute‐phase globulin could be deglycosylated by endoglucosaminidase H treatment indicating that its oligosaccharide chains were of the high‐mannose type. The secreted form of α1 acute‐phase globulin was not sensitive to endoglucosaminidase H, but was susceptible to the action of sialidase reflecting carbohydrate side‐chains of the complex type.Pulse‐chase experiments revealed a precursor‐product relationship for the high‐mannose and the complex type α1 acute‐phase globulin. In the hepatocyte medium newly synthesized α1 acute‐phase globulin was detected 30 min after the pulse.Unglycosylated α1 acute‐phase globulin was found in the cells as well as in the medium when the transfer of oligosaccharide chains onto the polypeptide chains was blocked by tunicamycin. Tunicamycin led to a marked delay in α1 acute‐phase globulin secretion.
Characterization of transcriptionally active DNA‐protein complexes from chloroplasts and etioplasts of mustard (Sinapis alba L.)
Authors: REISS Thomas , LINK Gerhard 
Published: March 2005

DNA‐protein complexes that are capable of RNA synthesis in vitro (transcriptionally active chromosomes) were isolated from both chloroplasts and etioplasts of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Analyses of the polypeptide pattern of these complexes indicate that they comprise a specific subset of plastid proteins, distinct from the overall pattern of either the soluble or membrane‐bound plastid proteins. DNA‐protein complexes from the two plastid types have polypeptides in common. However, at least several polypeptides are highly enriched in either the chloroplast or the etioplast DNA‐protein complex.The EcoRI restriction endonuclease fragments of the DNA associated with the complexes from either plastid type are the same. They are identical with the fragments obtained from highly purified chloroplast DNA.The transcriptional activity of the chloroplast complex is more than ten times higher than the activity of the etioplast complex. However, the complexes from either plastid type are capable of transcribing DNA regions containing genes for both the plastid rRNAs and for plastid proteins. In vitro transcripts were found to hybridize not only to DNA regions for mature in vivo RNA but also to adjacent regions, indicating synthesis of precursor RNA sequences by the transcriptionally active chromosomes.
Properties of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase purified from the liver of untreated and clofibrate‐treated mice
Authors: MEIJER Johan , DEPIERRE Joseph W. 
Published: March 2005

We have characterized certain catalytic properties of cytosolic epoxide hydrolases purified from untreated and clofibrate‐treated mouse liver.The enzyme activity was found to be sensitive to oxygen, but nitrogen‐saturated buffers containing dithiothreitol maintained high activity for at least 12 h at 0°C. Linearity of the hydration of trans‐stilbene oxide with time and protein was established, the pH optimum was broad (6.5 to 7.4) and the temperature optimum was close to 50°C for both forms. The activity was independent of ionic strength, with the exception of the control form in the absence of dithiothreitol, where a lower activity was observed at low ionic strength. The activity decreased when ethanol was replaced by acetone or acetonitrile as solvent for the substrate. Tetrahydrofuran was found to be highly inhibitory, while dimethylsulfoxide had less pronounced effects.The apparent Km values were 4.9 μM, 73 μM and 1980 μM for the control form with trans‐stilbene oxide, cis‐stilbene oxide and styrene oxide as substrates, respectively. The Km values for the enzyme from clofibrate‐treated mice were in the same range, although the V values were higher for all three substrates with this form. The highest turnover was found for trans‐β‐propylstyrene oxide as substrate, followed by trans‐β‐ethylstyrene oxide. Little or no activity was observed with benzo[a]pyrene 4,5‐oxide or cholesterol 5,6α‐oxide.The enzymes were found to be sensitive to 5,5′‐dithiobis(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) and a phenylmercuric salt. α‐Naphthoflavone, β‐naphthoflavone and chalcone derivatives also inhibited the activity, while none of the compounds known to activate microsomal epoxide hydrolase activated the cytosolic forms.
Older people: The enigma of satisfaction surveys
Authors: Atwal Anita , Caldwell Kay 
Published: March 2005

Background and Aims:  Health and social care reforms have emphasised the need for health and social care professionals to monitor user satisfaction. Obtaining the opinions of clients is an important mechanism for improving quality in health and social care. This paper discusses methodological issues in measuring satisfaction among older service clients. Methods and Results:  Examples will be used from the authors’ own experiences of conducting research with older people to ascertain opinions and levels of satisfaction. The strengths and weakness of methods used to collect the opinions of older clients using interview and non‐standardised questionnaires are critically considered. The authors suggest that occupational therapists need to understand the methodological issues that can impact upon older clients’ responses to satisfaction questions. Conclusion:  If occupational therapists are committed to the ethos of client‐centred practice, then clients must not only be consulted and involved in service delivery, but also in the design and implementation of satisfaction surveys.
Developing referral and reassessment criteria for drivers with dementia
Authors: Lovell Robin K. , Russell Kay J. 
Published: March 2005

Background and Aims:  Determining if a person with dementia should be referred for a driver assessment, at what stage of the illness and how often to repeat this are difficult decisions for health professionals. The aims of this study were to develop criteria for driver assessment referral and to explore the value of routine reassessment for drivers with dementia. Methods and Results:  Twenty participants with a diagnosis of dementia were recruited from a memory clinic and underwent a standard occupational therapy driver assessment and reassessment 6 months later. Fifteen failed the initial assessment but 10 went on to pass local area assessments. Some participants in the early stages of the disease failed. Five of the nine participants suitable for reassessment at 6 months also failed. Conclusion:  The results confirmed that routine referral following the diagnosis of dementia is appropriate. Change in performance was noted at reassessment, confirming that 6 months between assessments is an appropriate timeframe.
Occupational therapists’ perception of usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in Western Australia and the association of availability of ICT on recruitment and retention of therapists working in rural areas
Authors: Taylor Richard , Lee Hoe 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational therapists’ usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in Western Australia and the association of availability of ICT on recruitment and retention of rural therapists. Methods:  One thousand, one hundred and thirty‐eight surveys were sent to all occupational therapists registered with the Western Australian Occupational Therapy Registration Board in January 2003. The survey was used to identify ICT access, support and literacy. The attitude of therapists towards using ICT as a communication tool and therapists’ usage patterns of ICT in metropolitan and rural localities were analysed by using the Chi‐squared test. Results:  Email and the personal computer were used most frequently. On ICT global competency, 58% of therapists rated their competency level as good or better. Competence was rated lower for web searching (48.5%) and searching for electronic articles (29.8%). Approximately one‐third of respondents were dissatisfied with the level of technical support available and only 38.4% of therapists had participated in basic computer training provided by their current employer. Rural therapists had less access to a computer in their work environments in comparison to their metropolitan peers (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, rural therapists were using email, teleconferencing and videoconferencing more frequently than their metropolitan counterparts.A proportion of rural therapists (45.5%) felt that ICT influenced their decision to continue working in rural areas.Discussion and Conclusion:  Professional isolation has been cited as an inhibitor to recruit and retain health‐care workers in rural areas. The higher ICT usage by rural therapists may represent the utility of ICT as a means of circumventing professional isolation that is inherent in rural and remote areas.
Experience of spirituality, mental illness and occupation: A life‐sustaining phenomenon
Authors: Wilding Clare , May Esther , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: March 2005

Background and Aim:  This article provides an overview of a phenomenological investigation of spirituality with six people who have experienced mental illness. The study aimed to gain a greater understanding of the phenomenon of spirituality and its relationships to occupation and the experience of mental illness. Methods and Results:  Participants were interviewed and the interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Findings emerged through multiple readings and gradually constructed meanings from the data. Spirituality was found to be: unique to each participant, a journey through life, vitally important to participants, manifested as ‘spiritual occupations’, the foundation of meaningful doing, important socially as well as individually, and was found to support participants in coping with mental illness. This article focuses on the ‘meta’, integrative theme of spirituality as life sustaining. It concludes with the notion that spirituality is essential to the participants and is a significant aspect of their occupational behaviour. Conclusion:  It is recommended that occupational therapists give themselves a ‘licence’ to discuss spirituality in practice and that they commit to learning more about how spirituality is a part of the lives of their clients.
Evolution of management for Budd–Chiari syndrome: a team's view from 2564 patients
Authors: Wang Zhong Gao , Zhang Feng Ji , Yi Meng Qing , Qiang Li Xiao 
Published: March 2005

Aim:  Exploring the development of therapy for a formerly rare and life‐threatening disorder, Budd−Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods:  From 1981 to 2003, 2677 patients with BCS were admitted including 2546 cases that underwent intervention. Therapeutic means included 170 membranotomies, 181 cavoatrial shunts, 312 mesoatrial shunts including mesocavoatrial shunt, 67 mesojugular shunts, 232 radical resections, 1289 PTA, and 295 miscellaneous procedures.Results:  Patients treated in the first decade had an effective rate of 77.7%, patency for various approaches was approximately 60−90% at 7 years. In our early experience, 55.7% patients underwent shunts, 26.1% had the transcardiac membranotomy and only 0.8% the interventional modality. Recently this has shifted to 16.2%, 5.2%, and 55.6%, respectively (P < 0.01). In the early phase, 11.6% of patients were classified as stage I (less clinical severity), and 28.6% patients in stage IV (most severe). In contrast, recent patients, they were 56.1% and 4.8% (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Chronologically, therapy has evolved from the relatively simple to the more complex (such as variety of shunts and radical correction) procedures, and finally, the interventional approaches as the main modality. However, for patients with type II (long segment occlusion in the inferior vena cava), major procedures maintain an essential role, especially the mesocavoatrial shunt. For those with type III (the HV lesions), shunts remain the procedures of choice. This increased use of the interventional methods is a reflection of greater clinical awareness and more frequent detection of much less severe cases. In stark contrast is declining numbers of advanced cases, signalling a landmark breakthrough in the management of BCS.
Sinus of valsalva aneurysm: surgical approaches to complicated cases
Authors: Özkara Ahmet , Çetin Gürkan , Mert Murat , Erdem Can C , Ökcün Baris , Günay Ilhan 
Published: March 2005

Background:  The authors herein report surgical experience with the aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva (SVA) complicated by coexisting pathologies.Methods:  Eight patients aged between 11 and 55 years underwent surgical repair of SVA. The aneurysms originated from the right coronary sinus in four patients, from the non‐coronary sinus in four patients and from the left in one patient (one patient had aneurysms originating from both the left and right sinuses). Six of the aneurysms were ruptured into the right atrium (n = 3), right ventricle (n = 2) and left ventricle (n = 2). Aortic insufficiency (AI; n = 3), ventricular septal defect (n = 2), atrial septal defect (n = 4), Marfan's syndrome (n = 2), pulmonary stenosis (n = 1) and aortic stenosis (n = 1) were the coexisting anomalies. Double‐chamber exposure (right atrial/ventricle and aortic) was used in all of the patients. Patch closure was preferred for defect closure. In three patients with AI, valve replacement was necessary. Two patients with endocarditis in New York Heart Association classes III−IV underwent urgent operation.Results:  The patient with annular narrowing was the only in‐hospital death due to severe infection. The survivors were followed up for 85 months (range: 6−156 months). In two patients with Marfan's syndrome reoperation was necessary. All the surviving patients were asymptomatic with no unfavourable consequences.Conclusions:  Although SVA can be treated successfully with low operative risk, the factors that influence patient outcome include infective endocarditis, Marfan's syndrome and the preoperative functional status of the patient.
Non‐sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel nodes
Authors: Hung Wai‐Ka , Chan Miranda Chi‐Mui , Mak Kong‐Ling , Chong Sui‐Fan , Lau Yvonne , Ho Chiu‐Ming , Yip Andrew Wai‐Chun 
Published: March 2005

Background:  Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to be relatively accurate in axillary nodal staging in breast cancer. In more than half of the patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node (SLN), the SLN was the only lymph node involved in the axilla.Methods:  A retrospective analysis was performed for those female Chinese breast cancer patients who underwent SLNB. All patients had axillary dissection after SLNB. Those patients with metastatic SLN were selected for analysis. Various tumour factors and SLN factors were analysed to study the association with residual lymph node metastasis.Results:  A total of 139 SLNB was performed. The success rate of SLN localization, false negative rate and accuracy were 92%, 9% and 95%, respectively. Fifty‐five patients had metastases in the SLN. In 38 patients (69%), SLN was the only lymph node involved in the axilla. Tumours <3 cm, a single metastatic SLN, presence of micro metastases and the absence of extracapsular spread in the SLN were associated with the absence of metastasis in the non‐sentinel lymph nodes.Conclusion:  Sentinel lymph node biopsy is accurate in the nodal staging of Chinese breast cancer patients. Several factors such as tumour <3 cm, a single metastatic SLN, micro metastases and the absence of extracapsular spread in the sentinel node(s) are useful predictors for the absence of residual disease in the axilla. With further studies and verification, these factors may prove to be important in determining which patients with metastatic SLN will require further axillary treatment. Until such information is available, axillary dissection should be performed when positive sentinel nodes are found.
Complications of transrectal versus transperineal prostate biopsy
Authors: Miller Jason , Perumalla Chandrasekhar , Heap Graeme 
Published: March 2005

Background:  There are two established techniques of prostate biopsy: the more widely used transrectal technique, and the transperineal technique. Although the transrectal technique is faster, it is reported to have an increased risk of septic complications, which may be life threatening. The present study compares complication rates of both techniques at Nambour General Hospital.Methods:  The present retrospective study was performed by reviewing all available medical charts of men who underwent prostate biopsy during the years 1996−2001. The following data were recorded in a database: date of birth; digital rectal examination findings; serum prostate specific antigen (PSA); biopsy technique; number of cores taken; number of positive cores; Gleason grade and score; complications. Results were tabulated and simple statistical analysis performed to compare both groups.Results:  A total of 197 biopsies was included in the study, with 81 transperineal biopsies in 75 men, and 116 transrectal biopsies in 103 men. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates, including sepsis, between transrectal biopsy and transperineal biopsy. The rate of sepsis was 1.2% for the transperineal technique, and 0% for the transrectal technique (P = 0.411, Fisher exact test). Overall complication rates were 22.2% for transperineal technique and 19.8% for transrectal technique (P = 0.773, Fisher exact test).Conclusion:  Although the present study was limited by retrospective design and size it suggests that both techniques are equally safe. A review of medical literature supports a tranperineal approach to patients who will tolerate sepsis poorly, or who have a suspected inflammatory cause of their raised PSA.