bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,5‐Hexanedione Exposure in the Rat Results in Long‐Term Testicular Atrophy Despite the Presence of Residual Spermatogonia
Authors: BOEKELHEIDE KIM , HALL SUSAN J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCharles River CD rats (approximate weight, 208 g) were exposed to 1.0% 2,5‐hexanedione (2,5‐HD) in drinking water for 5 weeks. Rats were killed 27, 60, and 75 weeks after exposure to evaluate the recovery potential following testicular injury. At 27 weeks, normal serum testosterone and significantly elevated serum luteinizing hormone and serum follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were found in treated rats. The 2,5‐HD—treated rats had low testicular and epididymal weights at all time points (28% and 72% of controls, respectively, at 75 weeks). Microscopically, there was a generalized loss of postspermatogonial germ cells at all time points, with no seminiferous tubules exhibiting normal spermatogenesis at 75 weeks. However, a relatively constant population of 3.1 to 3.7 spermatogonia/100 Sertoli cells was found in atrophic seminiferous tubules at all time points. The presence of a constant residual population of type A spermatogonia without a normal mass of more mature germ cells and the observed hormonal alterations suggest that 2,5‐HD intoxication produced a lengthy disruption in local testicular homeostatic mechanisms that control spermatogenesis.
Specific Regulatory Actions of Dihydrotestosterone and Estradiol on the Dynamics of FSH Secretion and Clearance in Humans
Authors: URBAN RANDALL J. , DAHL KRISTINE D. , PADMANABHAN VASANTHA , BEITINS INESE Z. , VELDHUIS JOHANNES D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe authors investigated immunoactive and bioactive follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and clearance in six healthy young men during steady‐state infusions of vehicle (basal, B, 28 hours), dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 4.5 days), or estradiol (4.5 days) accompanied by blood sampling at 10‐minute intervals for 28 hours. Serum FSH concentrations were assayed by a two‐site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and two separate in vitro bioassays (rat granulosa and Sertoli cell systems). FSH measurements included: 24‐hour mean serum concentrations (IRMA and bioassay), multiple‐parameter deconvolution of 24‐hour pulsatile FSH time series and FSH release in response to exogenous gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) boluses (IRMA) to assess secretion and clearance, and circadian serum FSH concentration rhythms by cosinor analysis (IRMA). We found: 1) a significant decrease in 24‐hour mean IRMA FSH concentrations during DHT infusion while both in vitro estimates of FSH bioactivity were unchanged; 2) significant decreases in the mass of IRMA FSH secreted per 24 hours during DHT infusion; 3) significant decreases in the IRMA FSH half‐life during estradiol infusion without any change in FSH interpulse interval; 4) no steroidal effects on FSH secretory responses to exogenous GnRH; and 5) abolition of basal circadian FSH rhythms during sex‐steroid infusions. Based on these findings, we conclude that steady‐state sex‐steroid hormone infusions selectively alter IRMA FSH secretion and clearance without affecting IRMA FSH pulse frequency or mean concentrations of bioactive FSH.
Effect of Phorbol Diesters, Synthetic Diacylglycerols, and a Protein Kinase C Inhibitor on the Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction
Authors: de JONGE CHRISTOPHER J. , HAN HUI‐LING , MACK STEPHEN R. , ZANEVELD LOURENS J. D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe acrosome reaction of spermatozoa may be analogous to various somatic cell exocytotic events that incorporate cascade reactions. One such cascade system involves the hydrolysis of a membrane‐bound phospholipid; generation of the intracellular second messenger, diacylglycerol; and activation of protein kinase C, followed by the phosphorylation of a number of intracellular proteins. Stimulators of protein kinase C, phorbol diesters and synthetic diacylglycerols, were evaluated to determine if this system functions in the human sperm acrosome reaction. Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate and 4β‐phorbol 12,13‐didecanoate caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the acrosome reaction of capacitated spermatozoa. Conversely, an inactive phorbol diester had no significant (P > 0.05) stimulatory effect on the acrosome reaction. The synthetic diacylglycerols, 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycerol, 1,2‐dioctanoyl‐sn‐glycerol, and 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycerol caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the acrosome reaction of capacitated spermatozoa, and to a similar extent as the phorbol diesters. A nonactivating isomer of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycerol, 1,3‐diolein, had no significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory effect on the acrosome reaction. Protein kinase C activation is a diacylglycerol‐dependent and Ca2+‐dependent process, and stimulation of the acrosome reaction by 1,2‐dioctanoyl‐sn‐glycerol required the presence of calcium ions in the capacitation medium. An inhibitor of protein kinase C, 1‐(5‐isoquinolinylsulfonyl)‐2‐methylplperazine (H‐7), prevented the diacylglycerol‐induced acrosome reaction (P < 0.01). These results support the hypothesis that protein kinase C, via activation by the intracellular second messenger diacylglycerol, has a role in the human sperm acrosome reaction.
Naringin corrects renal failure related to Lesch‐Nyhan disease in a rat model via NOS–cAMP–PKA and BDNF/TrkB pathways
Authors: Akintunde Jacob K. , Falomo Idowu M. , Akinbohun Oreoluwa M. , Erinoso S. O. , Ugwor Emmanuel , Folayan Adeniyi D. , Ateate A. D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study explored the effect of naringin (NAR) on HGPRT1 deficiency and hyperuricemia through NOS–cAMP–PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways induced by caffeine (CAF) and KBrO3 in a rat model. Sixty‐three adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into nine (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3, Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg CAF, Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF, Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol, Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR, Group VII was administered with 500 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The exposure of rats to KBrO3 and CAF for 21 days induced renal dysfunction linked with Lesch‐Nyhan disease. NAR obliterated renal dysfunction linked with Lesch‐Nyhan disease by decreasing uric acid, renal malondialdehyde level, inhibiting the activities of arginase, and phosphodiesterase‐51 (PDE‐51) with corresponding upregulation of brain derived‐neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF‐TrkB), Bcl11b, HGPRT1, and DARPP‐32. Additionally, renal failure related to Lesch‐Nyhan disease was remarkably corrected by NAR as shown by the reduced activities of AChE and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, AMPase, and ADA) with affiliated increase in the NO level. This study therefore validates NAR as nontoxic and effective chemotherapy against kidney‐related Lesch‐Nyhan disease by mitigating effects of toxic food additives and enzymes of ATP‐hydrolysis via NOS–cAMP–PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.
Kaiser agrees to historic settlement to overhaul its BH care system
Authors: Canady Valerie A. 
Published: October 2023

After more than a decade of complaints and multiple strikes by Kaiser Permanente therapists over the need for timely access to care and ways to address severe understaffing, all while enduring constant negotiations over the bargaining table, the largest health care service plan in California has agreed to a $200 million settlement to make significant changes to the plan's delivery of behavioral health care services.
Key Factors of Knowledge Base Adoption in Chinese Local Governments: Based on a Third‐Tier City
Authors: Zhou Jing , Si Li 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis research seeks to identify critical factors that have an impact on government knowledge base adoption, which is based on the local government of Yi Chang, a typical third‐tier city in China. Firstly, the knowledge base and its development in Chinese local governments are introduced. Secondly, to build the adoption model, factors from the UTAUT and TOE framework were integrated and trust to knowledge base and intention to knowledge reuse are introduced. Thirdly, a questionnaire is designed based on the model and distributed to civil servants from Yi Chang local government. Finally, the proposed model is validated, and the collected data is analyzed by PLS‐SEM. The results show the factors (effort expectancy, social influence, competitive pressure, trust to knowledge base, intention to knowledge reuse) have a positive impact on the adoption of knowledge base in Chinese local governments.
A Preliminary Study of Ovarian Cancer Caregivers’ Health Information Seeking on Social Media
Authors: Zou Ning , Thaker Khushboo , He Daqing 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis study represents our preliminary work focused on the health information seeking of caregivers of ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients and survivors. Previous research has predominantly focused on OvCa patients' needs, while neglecting caregivers' needs independently. Through the analysis of social media posts by OvCa caregivers, this study explores seven categories of information needs desired by caregivers and examines how these needs evolve throughout the disease trajectory. By distinguishing between caregiver‐specific needs and those on behalf of the patient, our study contributes to the development of a holistic caregiver support framework.
Charting the Australian COVID‐19 Information Flow: Implications for Information Policy
Authors: Afzal Waseem , Du Jia Tina , Haider Ammar , An Lu , Khoir Safirotu , Batool Syeda Hina 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe outbreak of COVID‐19 posed one of the most serious threats to humanity in recent times. The rapid transmission of this virus across the globe and presence of various information imperfections (e.g., absence of information, confusing information, misinformation) made the craft of developing an effective information policy during this pandemic extremely difficult. This study has analyzed the COVID‐19 information environment of Australia with an aim to understand the important features of the information flow which, in part, helped Australia to achieve one of the lowest COVID‐19 test positivity rates. The findings of this study carry important implications for the design of future information policy imperatives aiming to deal with pandemics, natural catastrophes, and human‐made disasters.
Electronic Health Records and Cyber Hygiene: A Qualitative Study of the Awareness, Knowledge, and Experience of Physicians in Kuwait
Authors: Alkhaledi Reem , Hawamdeh Suliman 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThreats against electronic medical and health records are on the rise. These threats include phishing attacks, malware and ransomware, encryption blind spots, cloud threats, and most important one is the internal threat caused by gaps in the level of awareness and knowledge of the employees and health practitioner of handling sensitive healthcare data. Cyber hygiene is a term used to describe both the technical and non‐technical threats. In the same way, personal hygiene practices are used to maintain one's own health and protect against diseases, cyber hygiene security practices are important in protecting and preserving sensitive electronic health information systems. In this paper, we report on the findings of a cyber hygiene study carried out in Kuwait with the objectives of assessing the level of awareness, knowledge and experience of physicians and healthcare professionals. The study identified seven different areas or barriers that impacted the cyber hygiene and the adoption of electronic health medical records in Kuwait. The seven areas include financial barriers, time, difficulty of using technology, lack of management support, negative attitude toward the use of electronic medical records, legal and ethical issues, as well as cultural barriers. Most of the physicians interviewed lacked the awareness and basic knowledge needed to practice cyber hygiene. Most physicians were not aware of regulation or standards pertaining to the use of electronic medical records.
Stronger Than Yesterday: Investigating Peoples' Experiences of View Strengthening on Social Media
Authors: Beall Sabrina , Makri Stephann , McKay Dana 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTPolarization of views (known as ideological polarization) is one of the greatest societal challenges of our time, potentially sewing distrust and hate among individuals and communities and threatening to undermine the fabric of democracy. Divisive issues such as abortion and gun control are ever‐present and can drive issue polarization, and even affective polarization—a disdain for ‘the other side,’ which can further divide society. Social media has been flagged as a breeding ground for polarized views, with private groups and personalized algorithms facilitating self‐creation of echo chambers that may lead to polarization. While there is prior research on the technological influences on view strengthening, scant Human‐centered research exists and most of it has focused on view change in general, rather than view strengthening specifically. To investigate peoples' experiences of view strengthening on social media, we interviewed 10 people who recently strengthened their views on important topics. While some took steps to avoid creating echo chambers (e.g., by seeking out opposing views), others intentionally created them to allow their views to strengthen without interference. These findings have important implications for designing social media platforms that support careful and conscious view strengthening while mitigating against the risk of information manipulation.
‘Routine Infrastructuring’: How Social Scientists Appropriate Resources to Deposit Qualitative Data to ICPSR and Implications for FAIR and CARE
Authors: Bratt Sarah 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis study develops a grounded theory of how social scientists facilitate qualitative data deposit and the impacts on making data FAIR and CARE. Drawing from 15 semi‐structured interviews with U.S. academic social science faculty who deposited data to ICPSR, I take a resource‐centric perspective to address the need for theorizing scientists' use of resources to bridge the gap between underspecified, heterogeneous data practices and repository requirements. The two primary contributions of the study are: First, the identification of three types of resources that social science faculty use to structure data deposit routines, namely: 1) bottom‐up, 2) top‐down, and 3) borrowed resources. Second, I import a theory from crisis informatics, ‘routine infrastructuring,’ to explain how social scientists deposit data to ICPSR. Results reveal that the resources social scientists use function as ostensive routines. I argue routine infrastructuring is not only a way to enact routines but also creates routines. Findings also show ‘in‐house’ resources have a mix of beneficial and negative impacts for data FAIR‐ and CARE‐ness. This study advances the small but growing body of literature that examines routine dynamics in research groups from a resource‐centric perspective to explain qualitative data deposit to research data repositories.
Exploring Information Behavior Patterns in Response to False and Misleading Health Information
Authors: Bressel Paulina , Dewitz Leyla , Greifeneder Elke 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTFalse information, also known as misinformation or disinformation, has long been a serious concern in health information behavior research. The phenomenon of false information in health information behavior is complex and multifaceted, and it involves a range of factors related to the production, dissemination, and consumption of health information. This paper aims to understand through which channels people receive false health information and which information behavior patterns exist towards this kind of information. Based on 21 qualitative semi‐structured interviews with interactive and visual participative elements, five patterns of health information behavior towards the receivement of false health information were identified. Further, a strong relationship between these patterns, the context in which false health information was encountered, and the information source was observed. Additionally, two specific information behavior patterns (information avoidance and intentional non‐information behavior) as well as the urgency and impact of false information on the health of individuals and society, were identified as potential drivers for the dissemination of false health information.
Engaging Participants in Online Interviews: Lessons Learned from Implementing a Participatory Visual Approach in Two Explorative Health Information Behavior Studies
Authors: Dewitz Leyla 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis article provides a theoretical background on participatory approaches in (health) information behavior studies. Furthermore, it introduces and discusses the implementation of a visual participatory approach applied in two explorative health information behavior studies, each conducted online via Zoom and with the virtual whiteboard Miro. One study examined the health information behavior and digital well‐being of individuals with social anxiety (n = 22), while the other explored health information behavior in the context of false information and scientificity (n = 21). The approach aimed to actively engage participants within the interview setting through creative and visual elaboration and representation of health information interactions using the virtual whiteboard Miro. Findings show that using visual materials during face‐to‐face interviews facilitated the communication about sensitive health content and supported to capture key statements in situ, promoting the externalization of tacit knowledge during the interviews. Despite the content differences of the two studies, the unifying aspect examined in this article is how the implementation of the visual participatory approaches could enhance interview settings and lead to gathering rich data. This article fills a gap for methodological considerations of participatory techniques within (health) information behavior studies.
Mixed Methods Framework for Understanding Visual Frames in Social Movements
Authors: Dozal Laura W. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAttempting to understand visual frame perspectives in social movement posts online is important to develop an account of how social movements communicate and for what purpose. This paper builds a Mixed‐Methods Matrix framework that combines computational applications with visual methodologies to discover frames of meaning making in a large image collection. Frame analysis and Critical Visual Methodology are reviewed and used in the framework to work in tangent with quantitative research methods. The quantitative methods consist of network analysis applications and network structure analysis. Visual sentiment analysis is explored using methods of computer vision. The methods framework is presented in the form of a matrix that enables researchers to identify applications for looking at social movements online through theoretical and computational approaches. The broader implication for the framework is to help researchers understand how online image collections can show meaning through perspective.
Enriching Library Holdings for English Language Learners: Applying Traditional Readability Formulas and Modern Cohesion Methods to Film
Authors: Durward Matthew , Organisciak Peter 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the effectiveness of various readability measures when assessing the difficulty of film materials for English Language Learners (ELLs). Library materials catering to ELLs are frequently limited to formal instruction texts and fiction materials. This study explores the feasibility of less laborious, computational text assessment methods to better understand library holdings from the perspective of ELL appropriateness. The investigation applies traditional formulaic readability measures and modern cohesion methods to film subtitle data. While text difficulty assessment with readability measures has been widely studied, there is a need to investigate which measures are most suitable for film application. In addition to evaluating existing readability measures, a more robust composite score is also presented, combining aspects of traditional readability formulas and modern cohesion methods. The experiments were conducted on real‐world datasets and tested on film data marked for difficulty by ELLs.
Mutual Sustainability among Communities and Their Knowledge Infrastructures
Authors: Fenlon Katrina , Reza Alia , Grimmer Jessica , Wagner Travis 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTDigital, community‐based knowledge infrastructures confront complex, systemic challenges to their sustainability over time. From digital community archives to computationally amenable corpora, databases, or data models created by and serving research communities, these sites of grassroots knowledge production tend to be maintained without long‐term institutional commitments. Yet, they hold unique cultural evidence of enormous value. Prior work on the sustainability of digital humanities scholarship has surfaced numerous factors in project sustainability, including technical, organizational, and financial concerns. The roles of communities themselves in sustaining community‐based knowledge infrastructures, however, are under‐studied. This qualitative, multi‐case study of digital humanities projects and digital community archives addresses community‐centered approaches to understanding and implementing sustainability for digital knowledge infrastructures. This study finds that communities of various kinds—from public communities to networks of research practice—conceive of the sustainability of their digital projects as inextricably linked to the sustainability of communities themselves. We offer an exploration of factors in the mutual relationship of sustainability between communities and their knowledge infrastructures, including how they support the wellbeing of individuals and cohesion among communities, and how they promote activism and advocacy efforts within broader publics and disciplinary cultures.
Development of a Recordkeeping Culture in Community‐Based Organisations in Bangladesh
Authors: Frings‐Hessami Viviane , Hossain Md. Khalid , Bhowmik Joy , Meem Jemima Jahan 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTRecords play an important role in supporting business activities and in ensuring accountability in all types of organisations. However, recordkeeping research has mostly focused on the government sector and on large organisations. Little attention has been paid to small organisations which have limited resources to create and manage the records that they are required to produce and the records that could support their engagement in diversified activities. In this paper, we report the findings from 16 focus group discussions with community‐based organisations in Bangladesh which are in the process of transitioning from informal to registered organisations and, in order to do so, must formalise their recordkeeping practices. We discuss the recordkeeping needs and capabilities of these organisations and the recordkeeping problems that they are experiencing. We argue that it is important to support the development of a recordkeeping culture as part of capacity‐building in these organisations so that they can function effectively and be sustainable.