bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lineage perspective on hominin taxonomy and evolution
Authors: Martin Jesse M. , Leece A. B. , Baker Stephanie E. , Herries Andy I. R. , Strait David S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn uncritical reliance on the phylogenetic species concept has led paleoanthropologists to become increasingly typological in their delimitation of new species in the hominin fossil record. As a practical matter, this approach identifies species as diagnosably distinct groups of fossils that share a unique suite of morphological characters but, ontologically, a species is a metapopulation lineage segment that extends from initial divergence to eventual extinction or subsequent speciation. Working from first principles of species concept theory, it is clear that a reliance on morphological diagnosabilty will systematically overestimate species diversity in the fossil record; because morphology can evolve within a lineage segment, it follows that early and late populations of the same species can be diagnosably distinct from each other. We suggest that a combination of morphology and chronology provides a more robust test of the single‐species null hypothesis than morphology alone.
Effects of fermentation with different probiotics on the quality, isoflavone content, and flavor of okara beverages
Authors: Li Yixue , Song Hong , Zhang Zunqin , Li Ran , Zhang Ying , Yang Lina , Li Jun , Zhu Danshi , Liu Jun , Yu Hansong , Liu He 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new probiotic functional beverage, using single‐probiotic and compound probiotic fermentation on okara. Four different forms of fermentation microorganisms used were Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus S24 (Lr), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 6244 (Lp), Lactobacillus acidophilus 11,073 (La), and mixed fermentation (Lr + Lp + La). The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, flavor change, and storage period of fermented okara beverages with probiotics were investigated. The results showed that different fermentation schemes could significantly improve the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality of the okara beverages. The number of viable bacteria in the Lp group (3.53 × 108 CFU/mL), isoflavone content (0.514 μg/mL) were the highest; total phenol and flavonoid content were 3.32 and 5.68 times higher than in the CK group, respectively. DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates were increased by 11.32% and 20%, respectively (p < .05). Through SPME/GC–MS analysis, 44 volatile compounds were identified in the Lr + Lp + La groups, mainly as a result of changes in alcohols and aldehydes produced by fermentation metabolism. It enhances the floral and fruity aroma of the okara beverage. All probiotic‐fermented okara beverages can be stored at 4°C for 15 days, with probiotic activity greater than 107 CFU/mL. This study can obtain a probiotic okara beverage rich in soybean isoflavones and with good flavor. Overall, okara can be used to develop functional beverages containing probiotics and contribute to a zero‐waste approach in the food industry.
Digitizing observations from the 1861–1875 Met Office Daily Weather Reports using citizen scientist volunteers
Authors: Craig Philip M. , Hawkins Ed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe describe the transcription and quality control processes for rescuing around 570,000 sub‐daily and daily weather observations which were recorded in the UK Met Office Daily Weather Reports during the 1861–1875 period. These data are from the start of coordinated weather observations and were collected with the aim of making the first‐ever weather forecasts. The observations were rescued thanks to 3500 volunteers and include sub‐daily sea‐level pressure, dry and wet bulb temperatures, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, and daily rainfall amounts from 70 different locations across Western Europe, and one in Canada. We highlight how these observations will be used to fill gaps in existing pressure and temperature datasets and use two case studies to show how the pressure observations will likely better constrain the atmospheric circulation during two severe storms. We also compare a sub‐sample of the newly rescued observations with data that were previously digitized for a small number of locations for the same dates, finding good agreement in general, although some discrepancies remain.
Hemiplegia in acute ischemic stroke: A comprehensive review of case studies and the role of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Carrillo Navarrete Karen Adriana , Chapa González Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke is a significant health concern worldwide, often leading to long‐term disability and decreased quality of life. Rapid and appropriate treatment is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes in these patients. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are two commonly used interventions for acute ischemic stroke, but their effectiveness in improving neurological symptoms and functional outcomes in patients with hemiplegia remains uncertain. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of IVT and MT within a 4.5‐h time frame on patients with acute ischemic stroke and hemiplegia. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Relevant studies that assessed the impact of IVT and MT within 4.5‐h on hemiplegia in patients with an acute ischemic stroke were included. Data were extracted and analyzed to determine the overall effects of these interventions. Most included case reports indicate positive outcomes in terms of neurological symptom improvement and functional recovery in patients with hemiplegia after receiving IVT and MT within the specified time frame. However, the heterogeneity among the patients and the limited use of IVT due to contraindications posed challenges in determining the most effective treatment option. The findings from the included studies demonstrate that both interventions led to a decrease in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, indicating an improvement in neurological symptoms. The results highlight the beneficial effects of early thrombolytic interventions and MT on the neurological status and functional outcomes of patients with an acute ischemic stroke.
Second‐trimester dilatation and evacuation: Comparison of routine intraoperative ultrasonography versus problem‐based intraoperative ultrasonography in reducing procedure‐related complications: A pre‐post study
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Tolu Lemi Belay , Wolderufael Mekdes , Tufa Tesfaye , A. Abubeker Ferid , Prager Sarah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether routine intraoperative ultrasonographic guidance during second‐trimester dilatation and evacuation (D&E) reduces procedure‐related complications in an Ethiopian setting.MethodsWe conducted a pre‐post study on routine ultrasonography during second‐trimester D&E at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia). Second‐trimester D&E cases that were managed at the hospital between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed by grouping them into an intervention group (using routine ultrasound intraoperatively for all cases) and a non‐intervention group (problem‐based intraoperative use of ultrasound, where ultrasound was used in problem cases only). SPSS version 23 was used for analysis and simple descriptive statistics, χ2 test, multivariate regression analysis, and Fisher exact test were performed as appropriate. P values less than 0.05 and odds ratio with 95% CI were used to present the results' significance.ResultsA total of 242 second‐trimester D&E cases were analyzed (84 cases managed under routine intraoperative ultrasound guidance and 158 cases managed with a problem‐based intraoperative use of ultrasound). Compared with problem‐based intraoperative use of ultrasound (using it only in selected cases), routine intraoperative ultrasound use was not associated with a decrease in D&E complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–1.16). The two factors associated with increased D&E procedure complications were advanced gestational age (aOR 13.52, 95% CI 1.86–98.52), and need for additional mechanical cervical dilatation during the D&E procedure (aOR 9.53, 95% CI 1.32–69.07). Provider experience, cervical preparation methods (laminaria vs Foley), and maternal age were not associated with occurrence of D&E complications.ConclusionOur study does not support the preference of routine intraoperative ultrasound guidance over problem‐based (in selected cases) intraoperative ultrasound use during the second‐trimester D&E procedure. More research is needed to make a strong clinical recommendation on using routine intraoperative ultrasound guidance during all second‐trimester D&E procedures.
End‐to‐end light‐weighted deep‐learning model for abnormality classification in kidney CT images
Authors: Karthikeyan V. , Kishore M. Navin , Sajin S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKidney disease is a major health problem that affects millions of people around the world. Human kidney problems can be diagnosed with the help of computed tomography (CT), which creates cross‐sectional slices of the organ. A deep end‐to‐end convolutional neural network (CNN) model is proposed to help radiologists detect and characterize kidney problems in CT scans of patients. This has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, which in turn benefits patient care. Our strategy involves teaching a suggested deep end‐to‐end CNN to distinguish between healthy and diseased kidneys. The recommended CNN is trained using a standard CT image library that has been annotated to show kidney stones, cysts, and tumors. The model can then be used to detect kidney abnormalities in fresh CT scans, which may enhance the effectiveness and speed with which diagnoses are made. A total of 1812 pictures were used, each one a unique cross‐sectional CT scan of the patient. Our model has a detection rate of 99.17% in CT scan validation tests. We employed a different dataset with a total of 5077 normal samples, 3709 cyst samples, 1377 stone samples, and 2283 tumor samples. In tests, our model proved to be 99.68% accurate. The suggested framework has been validated by applying it to the clinical dataset, resulting in 99% accuracy in predictions. As low‐cost and portable CT scanners become more commonplace, the described concept may soon be employed outside of a hospital environment, at the point of treatment, or even in the patient's own home.
Forecasting GDP in Europe with textual data
Authors: Barbaglia Luca , Consoli Sergio , Manzan Sebastiano 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe evaluate the informational content of news‐based sentiment indicators for forecasting gross domestic product (GDP) and other macroeconomic variables of the five major European economies. Our dataset includes over 27 million articles for 26 major newspapers in five different languages. The evidence indicates that these sentiment indicators are significant predictors to forecast macroeconomic variables and their predictive content is robust to controlling for other indicators available to forecasters in real time.
On the sensitivity of computed partial charges toward basis set and (exchange‐)correlation treatment
Authors: Mehta Nisha , Martin Jan M. L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPartial charges are a central concept in general chemistry and chemical biology, yet dozens of different computational definitions exist. In prior work [Cho et al., ChemPhysChem 21, 688‐696 (2020)], we showed that these can be reduced to at most three ‘principal components of ionicity’. The present study addressed the dependence of computed partial charges on 1‐particle basis set and (for WFT methods) ‐particle correlation treatment or (for DFT methods) exchange‐correlation functional, for several representative partial charge definitions such as QTAIM, Hirshfeld, Hirshfeld‐I, HLY (electrostatic), NPA, and GAPT. Our findings show that semi‐empirical double hybrids can closely approach the CCSD(T) ‘gold standard’ for this property. In fact, owing to an error compensation in MP2, CCSD partial charges are further away from CCSD(T) than is MP2. The nonlocal correlation is important, especially when there is a substantial amount of nonlocal exchange. Employing range separation proves to be “mostly" not advantageous, while global hybrids perform optimally for 20%–30% Hartree‐Fock exchange across all charge types. Basis set convergence analysis shows that an augmented triple‐zeta heavy‐aug‐cc‐pV(T+d)Z basis set or a partially augmented jun‐cc‐pV(T+d)Z basis set is sufficient for Hirshfeld, Hirshfeld‐I, HLY, and GAPT charges. In contrast, QTAIM and NPA display slower basis set convergence. It is noteworthy that for both NPA and QTAIM, HF exhibits markedly slower basis set convergence than the correlation components of MP2 and CCSD. Triples corrections in CCSD(T), denoted as CCSD(T)‐CCSD, exhibit even faster basis set convergence.
Assessing management practices for variants of uncertain significance among genetic counselors in pediatrics
Authors: Cheung Chloe , Berger Sara M. , Ross Meredith , Kramer Tamar , Li Yuhuan , Andrews Carli , Dergham Katia R. , Spitz Elana , Florido Michelle E. , Ahimaz Priyanka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncreased utilization of genomic sequencing in pediatric medicine has increased the detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Periodic VUS reinterpretation can clarify clinical significance and increase diagnostic yield, highlighting the importance of systematic VUS tracking and reinterpretation. There are currently no standardized guidelines or established best practices for VUS management, and our understanding of how genetic counselors (GCs) track and manage VUS results for pediatric patients is limited. In this exploratory study, GCs in pediatric clinics in North America were surveyed about their VUS management practices. A total of 124 responses were included in the analysis. The majority (n = 115, 92.7%) of GCs reported that VUS management workflows were at the discretion of each individual provider in their workplace. Approximately half (n = 65, 52%) kept track of patient VUS results over time, and GCs with lower patient volumes were more likely to do so (p = 0.04). While 95% (n = 114) of GCs had requested VUS reinterpretation at least once, only 5% (n = 6) requested it routinely. Most (n = 80, 86%) GCs notified patients when a VUS was reclassified, although methods of recontact differed when the reclassification was an upgrade versus a downgrade. GCs who asked patients to stay in touch through periodic recontact or follow‐up appointments were more likely to request VUS reinterpretation (p = 0.01). The most frequently reported barriers to requesting reinterpretation regularly were patients being lost to follow‐up (n = 39, 33.1%), insufficient bandwidth (n = 27, 22.9%), and lack of standardized guidelines (n = 25, 21.2%). GCs had consistent overall practices around VUS management around investigation, disclosure, reinterpretation, and recontact, but specific methods used differed and were at the discretion of each provider. These results showcase the current landscape of VUS management workflows in pediatrics and the challenges associated with adopting more uniform practices. The study findings can help inform future strategies to develop standardized guidelines surrounding VUS management.
The experiences and support needs of applicants who go unmatched to genetic counseling graduate programs: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Leishman Haley , Swenson Kathleen B. , Zayhowski Kimberly 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs interest in the profession of genetic counseling continues to grow, the number of applications received by accredited genetic counseling graduate programs far outweighs the number of available training positions. In the 2023 application cycle, 46% of applicants who participated in the genetic counseling match went unmatched. There is limited research surrounding the experiences of unmatched candidates. The aims of this qualitative study were to highlight the experience of not matching and reapplying and to identify support resources for the genetic counseling admissions process. We conducted 15 semi‐structured interviews with individuals who had previously applied to genetic counseling graduate programs, not matched, and were in the process of reapplying. Through reflexive thematic analysis, five major themes were conceptualized: (1) Emotional navigation through the stages of the match process; (2) external perceptions surrounding going unmatched and disclosure of results; (3) experiencing stagnancy throughout applying and reapplying; (4) advances in knowledge and personal growth; (5) areas for increased supports and resources. This study has shed light on emotional and practical challenges faced by individuals who did not match with genetic counseling graduate programs and chose to reapply. The participants' experiences highlighted the need for enhanced support, especially in terms of emotional assistance and program feedback. They also underscored the importance of standardization and transparency in the application process. This research offers valuable insights for genetic counseling programs and organizations seeking to enhance the reapplicant experience and address the evolving needs of prospective candidates in the genetic counseling profession.
Residents' learning and behavior about tool‐guided clinical assessment of social determinants of health
Authors: Mizumoto Junki , Fujikawa Hirohisa , Izumiya Masashi , Horita Shoko , Eto Masato 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe specific dimensions of learners that have been impacted by educational programs related to social determinants of health (SDoH) remain unknown. This study aims to elucidate how learners are affected by postgraduate education (a single 90‐min educational session) regarding tool‐guided clinical assessment of patients' social backgrounds.MethodsA pretest‐posttest design was utilized in which residents (postgraduate year (PGY) 1 or 2) and fellows in family medicine (PGY over 3) were recruited. Likert‐type questions were developed based on previous qualitative findings. Participants answered these questions before, immediately after, and 1.5 months after the educational session on tool‐guided clinical SDoH assessment. Paired‐sample t‐tests were used, and effect size was measured using Cohen's d.ResultsA total of 114 residents and fellows participated. After the session, participants expressed more interest in knowing their patients' social backgrounds when considering how to address their patients and were more open to embracing a pre‐established assessment framework. Participants also considered clinical skills related to SDoH as learnable and improved their attitude toward patients. They reported that they did not perform specific interventions related to SDoH within 1.5 months after the session. Unlike previous qualitative findings, their concern about the implementation of SDoH‐related practices did not increase significantly.ConclusionAn educational session on tool‐guided SDoH assessment may have a positive impact on learners' attitudes related to addressing patients' social backgrounds without fostering concerns.
Motor Unit Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MUMRI) In Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Heskamp Linda , Birkbeck Matthew G. , Baxter‐Beard Daniel , Hall Julie , Schofield Ian. S. , Elameer Mathew , Whittaker Roger G. , Blamire Andrew M. 
Published: January 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used in the musculoskeletal system to measure skeletal muscle structure and pathology in health and disease. Recently, it has been shown that MRI also has promise for detecting the functional changes, which occur in muscles, commonly associated with a range of neuromuscular disorders. This review focuses on novel adaptations of MRI, which can detect the activity of the functional sub‐units of skeletal muscle, the motor units, referred to as “motor unit MRI (MUMRI).” MUMRI utilizes pulsed gradient spin echo, pulsed gradient stimulated echo and phase contrast MRI sequences and has, so far, been used to investigate spontaneous motor unit activity (fasciculation) and used in combination with electrical nerve stimulation to study motor unit morphology and muscle twitch dynamics. Through detection of disease driven changes in motor unit activity, MUMRI shows promise as a tool to aid in both earlier diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders and to help in furthering our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, which proceed gross structural and anatomical changes within diseased muscle. Here, we summarize evidence for the use of MUMRI in neuromuscular disorders and discuss what future research is required to translate MUMRI toward clinical practice.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3
Estimation and comparison of the effective dose and lifetime attributable risk of thyroid cancer between males and females in routine head computed tomography scans: a multicentre study
Authors: Khoramian Daryoush , Haghparast Mohammad , Honardari Adnan , Nouri Ebrahim , Ranjbar Esmail , Abedi‐Friouzjah Razagh , Zarifi Shiva , Anam Choirul , Najafzadeh Milad , Afkhami‐Ardakni Mahdieh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionA significant number of head computed tomography (CT) scans are performed annually. However, due to the close proximity of the thyroid gland to the radiation field, this procedure can expose the gland to ionising radiation. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate organ dose, effective dose (ED) and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of thyroid cancer from head CT scans in adults.MethodsHead CT scans of 74 patients (38 males and 36 females) were collected using three different CT scanners. Age, sex, and scanning parameters, including scan length, tube current–time product (mAs), pitch, CT dose index, and dose‐length product (DLP) were collected. CT‐Expo software was used to calculate thyroid dose and ED for each patient based on scan parameters. LARs were subsequently computed using the methodology presented in the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) Phase VII report.ResultsAlthough the mean thyroid organ dose (2.66 ± 1.03 mGy) and ED (1.6 ± 0.4 mSv) were slightly higher in females, these differences were not statistically significant compared to males (mean thyroid dose, 2.52 ± 1.31 mGy; mean ED, 1.5 ± 0.4 mSv). Conversely, there was a significant difference between the mean thyroid LAR of females (0.91 ± 1.35) and males (0.20136 ± 0.29) (P = 0.001). However, the influencing parameters were virtually identical for both groups.ConclusionsThe study's results indicate that females have a higher LAR than males, which can be attributed to higher radiation sensitivity of the thyroid in females. Thus, additional care in the choice of scan parameters and irradiated scan field for female patients is recommended.