bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onset of dementia is associated with age at menopause in women with Down's syndrome
Authors: Schupf Nicole , Pang Deborah , Patel Bindu N. , Silverman Wayne , Schubert Romaine , Lai Florence , Kline Jennie K. , Stern Yaakov , Ferin Michel , Tycko Benjamin , Mayeux Richard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWomen with Down's syndrome experience early onset of both menopause and Alzheimer's disease. This timing provides an opportunity to examine the influence of endogenous estrogen deficiency, indicated by age at menopause, on risk of Alzheimer's disease. A community‐based sample of 163 postmenopausal women with Down's syndrome, 40 to 60 years of age, was ascertained through the New York State Developmental Disability service system. Information from cognitive assessments, medical record review, neurological evaluation, and caregiver interviews was used to establish ages for onset of menopause and dementia. We used survival and multivariate regression analyses to determine the relation of age at menopause to age at onset of Alzheimer's disease, adjusting for age, level of mental retardation, body mass index, and history of hypothyroidism or depression. Women with early onset of menopause (46 years or younger) had earlier onset and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with women with onset of menopause after 46 years (rate ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–5.9). Demented women had higher mean serum sex hormone binding globulin levels than nondemented women (86.4 vs 56.6 nmol/L, p = 0.02), but similar levels of total estradiol, suggesting that bioavailable estradiol, rather than total estradiol, is associated with dementia. Our findings support the hypothesis that reductions in estrogens after menopause contribute to the cascade of pathological processes leading to AD.
Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid during varicella zoster virus (VZV) vasculopathy are directed against VZV
Authors: Burgoon Mark P. , Hammack Barbara N. , Owens Gregory P. , Maybach Amy L. , Eikelenboom M. Judith , Gilden Donald H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLimited analyses of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system infections have shown that the oligoclonal IgG is antibody directed against the agent that causes disease. Using a new method involving binding of IgG to beads coated with lysates prepared from candidate infectious antigens, we showed that the oligoclonal IgG in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with chronic varicella zoster virus vasculopathy is directed against the causative virus. This approach holds promise in identifying and purifying the relevant oligoclonal IgGs in inflammatory central nervous system diseases of unknown cause.
Imaging‐guided convection‐enhanced delivery and gene therapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Voges Juergen , Reszka Regina , Gossmann Axel , Dittmar Claus , Richter Raphaela , Garlip Guido , Kracht Lutz , Coenen Heinz H. , Sturm Volker , Wienhard Karl , Heiss Wolf‐Dieter , Jacobs Andreas H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn a prospective phase I/II clinical study, we treated eight patients suffering from recurrent glioblastoma multiform with stereotactically guided intratumoral convection‐enhanced delivery of an HSV‐1‐tk gene–bearing liposomal vector and systemic ganciclovir. Noninvasive identification of target tissue together with assessment of vector‐distribution volume and the effects of gene therapy were achieved using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The treatment was tolerated well without major side effects. In two of eight patients, we observed a greater than 50% reduction of tumor volume and in six of eight patients focal treatment effects. Intracerebral infusion of contrast medium before vector application displayed substantial inhomogeneity of tissue staining indicating the need of test infusions to monitor the mechanical distribution of vectors. Visualization of therapeutic effects on tumor metabolism and documentation of gene expression using positron emission tomography indicated that molecular imaging technology appears to be essential for the further development of biological treatment strategies.
Chronic epilepsy and cognition: A longitudinal study in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Helmstaedter Christoph , Kurthen Martin , Lux Silke , Reuber Markus , Elger Christian Erich 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt remains unclear whether uncontrolled epilepsy causes mental decline. This longitudinal study contrasts change of memory and nonmemory functions in 147 surgically and 102 medically treated patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. All participants were evaluated at baseline (T1) and after 2 to 10 years (T3). Surgical patients underwent additional testing 1 year postoperatively (T2). Data were analyzed on an individual and group level. Sixty‐three percent of the surgical and 12% of the medically treated patients were seizure‐free at T3. Fifty percent of the medically treated and 60% of the surgical patients showed significant memory decline at T3 with little change in nonmemory functions (difference not significant). Surgery anticipated the decline seen in the medically treated group and exceeded it when surgery was performed on the left, or if seizures continued postoperatively. Seizure‐free surgical patients showed recovery of nonmemory functions at T2 (p< 0.001) and of memory functions at T3 (T3,p= 0.03). Multiple regression indicated retest interval, seizure control, and mental reserve capacity as predictors of performance changes. In addition, psychosocial outcome was better when seizures were controlled. In conclusion, chronic temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with progressive memory impairment. Surgery, particularly if unsuccessful, accelerates this decline. However, memory decline may be stopped and even reversed if seizures are fully controlled. Ann Neurol 2003;54:425–432
Microdysgenesis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Kasper Burkhard S. , Stefan Hermann , Paulus Werner 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe interrelationship of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), hippocampal sclerosis, and febrile convulsions still remains an enigma. Additional microscopical cortical dysplasia or microdysgenesis has been suggested as pre‐existent susceptibility factor rendering the affected brain vulnerable to the development of MTLE after initial precipitating injuries such as febrile convulsions. Twenty‐four MTLE cases with histopathologically definite hippocampal sclerosis were examined for clearly defined features of microdysgenesis and further signs of neocortical dysplasia. Although unequivocal signs of dysplasia were absent, 29.2% of cases showed cortical neuronal clustering, 25.0% showed perivascular clustering, and 20.8% showed increased white matter neurons. The features of microdysgenesis studied here were not linked with each other and were not related to initial precipitating injuries, positive family history, or any other clinical parameter. Their suggested fundamental role as dysplastic factor within development of hippocampal sclerosis and MTLE is not confirmed. Ann Neurol 2003;54:501–506
Lack of paternal inheritance of muscle mitochondrial DNA in sporadic mitochondrial myopathies
Authors: Filosto Massimiliano , Mancuso Michelangelo , Vives‐Bauza Cristofol , Vilà Maya R. , Shanske Sara , Hirano Michio , Andreu Antoni L. , DiMauro Salvatore 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn 2002, paternal inheritance of muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was reported in a patient with exercise intolerance and a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation restricted to skeletal muscle. To evaluate whether paternal inheritance is a common phenomenon, we studied 10 sporadic patients with skeletal muscle‐restricted mtDNA mutations: five harbored mtDNA point mutations in protein‐coding genes and five had single mtDNA deletions. We performed haplotype analysis and direct sequencing of the hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the D‐loop in muscle and blood from the patients and, when available, in blood from their parents. We did not observe paternal inheritance in any of our patients.
Retrograde reactions of Clarke's nucleus neurons after human spinal cord injury
Authors: Schmitt Andreas B. , Breuer Sebastian , Polat Leyla , Pech Katrin , Kakulas Byran , Love Seth , Martin Didier , Schoenen Jean , Noth Johannes , Brook Gary A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSuccessful axon regeneration depends on the expression of regeneration‐associated genes by axotomized neurons. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the expression of regeneration‐associated genes by axotomized human CNS neurons. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed a transient induction of GAP‐43 and c‐jun in Clarke's nucleus neurons caudal to traumatic human spinal cord injury. These results support experimental data that nonregenerating central nervous system neurons can temporarily upregulate regeneration‐associated genes, reflecting a transient regenerative capacity that fails over time. Ann Neurol 2003;54:534‐539
A diagnostic cycle test for McArdle's disease
Authors: Vissing John , Haller Ronald G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe investigated whether the second wind phenomenon (ie, a decrease in heart rate and perceived exertion during exercise) is pathognomonic for McArdle's disease. Twenty‐four patients with McArdle's disease, 17 healthy subjects, and 25 patients with other inborn errors of muscle metabolism cycled a constant workload for 15 minutes. In McArdle's disease patients, heart rate consistently decreased by 35 ± 3 beats per minute from the 7th to the 15th minute of exercise, whereas heart rate increased progressively with exercise in all 42 control subjects. The findings indicate that cycling at a moderate, constant workload provides a specific, sensitive, and simple diagnostic test for McArdle's disease. Ann Neurol 2003;54:539‐542
Retinal involvement in dementia with Lewy bodies: A clue to hallucinations?
Authors: Maurage Claude‐Alain , Ruchoux Marie‐Magdeleine , De Vos Rob , Surguchov Andrei , Destee Alain 
Published: September 2003

AbstractVisual hallucinations are a core feature of dementia with Lewy bodies. Their pathophysiology is not well understood, because neither clinical nor histological data have shown their basic mechanisms. Here, we report the presence of pale inclusions in the outer plexiform layer of the retina in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies. These inclusions are related to cytoskeletal disorganization of the cones at ultrastructural level and modifications of the immunohistochemical pattern of distribution of synucleins in the retina. These modifications may participate in the visual impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies. Ann Neurol 2003;54:542‐547
Beschreibung der Zusammensetzung und Struktur geordneter mikro‐ und mesoporöser Materialien mit anorganischen Wirtsystemen
Authors: Liebau Friedrich , Behrens, Hannover Peter 
Published: September 2003

AbstractEs werden ein System von Begriffen, das zur Beschreibung geordneter mikro‐ und mesoporöser Materialien geeignet ist, sowie Regeln zur Erstellung einer standardisierten kristallchemischen Formel für solche Materialien vorgeschlagen. Die Vorschläge basieren sowohl auf üblichen Vorgehensweisen als auch auf einem systematischen Klassifizierungsschema. Die Nomenklatur wurde so gestaltet, dass sie alle anorganischen Materialien mit geordneten, zugänglichen Poren umfasst, die freie Durchmesser kleiner 50 nm haben. Die kristallchemische Formel beschreibt die chemische Zusammensetzung sowohl der Gastspezies als auch des Wirts, die Struktur des Wirts, die Struktur des Porensystems und die Symmetrie des Materials. Die Formel kann entsprechend den Bedürfnissen des Nutzers vereinfacht oder erweitert werden.
Relativistische Effekte in der Gasphasenchemie von Ionen aus experimenteller Sicht
Authors: Schwarz Helmut 
Published: September 2003

AbstractÜber den Nachweis der Existenz schwer fassbarer Moleküle hinaus dienen Gasphasenexperimente, in Verbindung mit Ergebnissen aus quantenchemischen Rechnungen, zur Aufklärung der entscheidenden Rolle relativistischer Effekte in etlichen Bereichen der Übergangsmetallchemie. Speziell die thermochemischen Daten von Goldhalogeniden in unterschiedlichen Ladungszuständen, die faszinierenden strukturellen Eigenschaften von Gold(I)‐Komplexen, die drastischen Effekte von Liganden auf die Ionisierungsenergie von Gold oder die Bindungssituation in kationischen Metallcarbenkomplexen werden hier als Beispiele behandelt. Des Weiteren soll der Chemie kationischer Metallcarbenkomplexe und ihrer Bedeutung für die Methanfunktionalisierung besondere Aufmerksamkeit zukommen. Es ist das Zusammenspiel von Experimenten an “isolierten” Molekülen unter wohldefinierten Bedingungen und zuverlässigen quantenchemischen Berechnungen elektronischer Strukturen, die unser Verständnis für relativistische Effekte in der Übergangsmetallchemie, Katalyse und darüber hinaus entscheidend vorangebracht haben.
Chemikaliensicherheit in einer verletzlichen Welt
Authors: Gärtner Sabine , Küllmer Jens , Schlottmann Ulrich 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDer Titel dieses Beitrags ist das Motto des vierten zwischenstaatlichen Forums für Chemikaliensicherheit (Forum IV), das im November 2003 in Bangkok tagen wird. In den zehn Jahren des Bestehens dieses Forums hat die Sensibilität gegenüber den mit Chemikalien verbundenen Risiken in Politik, Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit zugenommen. Es entstanden völkerrechtliche Konventionen über Verbote und Beschränkungen gefährlicher Chemikalien sowie über einen besser kontrollierbaren Handel, die in Kürze völkerrechtlich verbindlich sein werden. Viele Menschen, die in Entwicklungsländern mit gefährlichen Chemikalien umgehen, sind Analphabeten oder haben eine geringe Schulbildung und daher häufig keine Chance zu verstehen, womit sie hantieren. Daher haben die Industrieländer die besondere Verpflichtung, Chemikaliensicherheit in die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit einzubinden. Prominente Chemiker, wie Carl Djerassi, wollen durch ihre Präsenz auf dem Forum IV unterstreichen, dass Gesundheits‐ und Umweltvorsorge nur durch internationale Kooperation zu erzielen sind. Diese Übersicht beschreibt die Entwicklungen auf dem Politikfeld “Chemikaliensicherheit”, stellt eine Auswahl des in der Europäischen Union geltenden Chemikalienrechts vor und bietet einen Einblick in die verflochtenen Strukturen der internationalen Zusammenarbeit sowohl auf politischer als auch auf fachlicher Ebene.
Relativistic Effects in Gas‐Phase Ion Chemistry: An Experimentalist's View
Authors: Schwarz Helmut 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGas‐phase experiments provide information which, in conjunction with results from electronic structure calculations, help to unravel the critical role relativistic effects play in many areas of transition‐metal chemistry. Examples include the thermochemical data of gold halides in different oxidation states, the fascinating structural properties of gold(I) complexes, the dramatic effects of ligands on the ionization energy of gold, or the binding in cationic metal–carbene complexes. Furthermore, in the context of methane functionalization, special emphasis is paid to the chemistry of cationic metal–carbene complexes, and at uncovering the mechanistic details of important carbon–heteroatom coupling reactions. It is the interplay of conducting experiments of “isolated” molecules under well‐defined conditions with reliable electronic structure calculations that has considerably improved our understanding of the role relativistic effects play in the context of transition‐metal chemistry, catalysis, and beyond.
Chemical Safety in a Vulnerable World
Authors: Gärtner Sabine , Küllmer Jens , Schlottmann Ulrich 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe title of this article is the motto of the fourth meeting of the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (Forum IV), which is to be held in Bangkok in November 2003. The IFCS has been in existence for 10 years. During this period politicians, scientists, and the general public have become increasingly aware of the risks associated with chemicals. International conventions providing for prohibitions and restrictions of dangerous chemicals, and for better control of trade have been set up. These conventions will soon be binding under international law. In developing countries many people who handle or use hazardous chemicals are illiterate or poorly educated; they may not fully understand what they are handling. The industrialized countries therefore have a special duty to incorporate chemical safety in development cooperation measures. Through their presence at this year's forum, prominent chemists such as Carl Djerassi will seek to underline the fact that a long term preventive approach to healthcare and the environment is only possible through international cooperation. This overview describes current developments in the field of chemical safety policy and presents a selection of the legislation currently in force for chemicals in the European Union. It also provides an insight into the interwoven structure of international cooperation that takes place at both the political and the technical level.
Synthesis and characterization of block copolymers from aromatic diols, fumaric acid, sebacic acid and PEG
Authors: Najafi Farhood , Sarbolouki Mohammad N. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe syntheses of two linear unsaturated aromatic oligoesters, poly(hydroquinone fumarate‐co‐sebacate) (PHFS) and poly(resorcinol fumarate‐co‐sebacate) (PRFS), are described. PHFS, PRFS and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are then used to prepare di‐ and tri‐block copolymers. Products thus obtained are investigated in terms of molecular weight, composition, structure and thermal properties by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. A number of design parameters including the molecular weights of PHFS, PRFS and PEG and the ratios of PEG to PPFS or to PEFS are varied in order to assess their effects on product yields and properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2358–2363, 2003
Enhancement of uranyl ion uptake by the prestructuring of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate itaconic acid) hydrogels in the presence of lead and cadmium ions/polarographic determination
Authors: Özyürek Cengiz , Çaykara Tuncer , İnam Recai 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPoly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate/itaconic acid) [P(HEMA/IA)] hydrogels were prepared by the γ‐ray irradiation of aqueous solutions. In the presence of lead and cadmium ions, the UO ion uptake on P(HEMA/IA) hydrogels was investigated with two types of hydrogel systems prepared by nonprestructuring and prestructuring methods. A differential pulse polarographic technique was used for the determination of trace quantities of uptake elements by the measurement of the reduction peak currents at −200, −410, and −580 mV for UO, Pb(II), and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Hydrogels prestructured with UO ions took up approximately 45% more UO ions than hydrogels prepared by the usual procedure. The UO ion uptake capacity of the hydrogels increased with an increasing percentage of itaconic acid in the hydrogel systems and an increasing concentration of UO ions in the presence of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Uptake studies showed that other stimuli, such as the temperature and ionic strength of the solutions, also influenced the UO ion uptake capacity of the P(HEMA/IA) hydrogels. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2385–2390, 2003
Effect of anhydride‐modified ethylene–propylene–diene rubber and ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers on the compatibilization of nitrile rubber/ethylene–propylene–diene rubber blends
Authors: Oliveira Marcia G. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effects of maleic anhydride modified ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDMMA) and maleic anhydride modified ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVAMA) on the compatibilization of nitrile rubber (NBR)/ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (70:30 w/w) blends vulcanized with a sulfur system were investigated. The presence of EPDMMA and EVAMA resulted in improvements of the tensile properties, whereas no substantial change was detected in the degree of crosslinking. The blend systems were also analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The presence of EVAMA resulted in a blend with a more homogeneous morphology. The compatibilizing effect of this functional copolymer was also detected with dynamic mechanical analysis. A shift of the glass‐transition temperature of the NBR phase toward lower values was observed. The presence of EPDMMA and EVAMA also increased the thermal stability, as indicated by an improvement in the retention of the mechanical properties after aging in an air‐circulating oven. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2408–2414, 2003
Plasma‐graft polymerization of a monomer with double bonds onto the surface of carbon fiber and its adhesion to a vinyl ester resin
Authors: Yamada Kenji , Yamane Hirokazu , Kumada Kiyoshi , Tanabe Seiji , Kajiyama Tisato 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDouble bonds reactive with active radical species were introduced onto the surface of carbon yarn by the plasma‐graft polymerization of adipic acid divinyl ester and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers to increase the adhesive strength in the interface between the carbon yarn and a vinyl ester resin. The degree of grafting increased with increasing polymerization time and polymerization temperature. The degree of grafting depended on both the solvent and the monomer species used in the polymerization, and a high degree was obtained with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the conjugated monomer and in a mixture of methyl isobutyrate and water. The grafted yarn, whose surface layer contained double bonds, was reacted with a vinyl ester resin containing benzoyl peroxide and N,N‐dimethylaniline. The pull‐out force of the yarn embedded in the resin increased with increasing degree of grafting. The failure in pulling out the yarn was cohesive. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2415–2419, 2003
Study on the thermoplastic vulcanizate using ultrasonically treated rubber powder
Authors: Kim Jin Kuk , Lee Sung Hyo , Hwang Sung Hyuk 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNowadays, waste EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) increasingly has been causing significant environmental problems with increasing numbers of vehicles. From the perspective of the environment and economics, recycling is the best method to treat waste materials. This study investigated waste EPDM/PP (polypropylene) blends with waste EPDM. Waste EPDM powders were treated ultrasonically, which physically modifies the rubber particles to confer good mechanical properties. Also investigated were the relevance of the mass percentage of the dispersed phase, the influence of the geometry and rotation speeds of the screw used in extrusion, and the melting temperature of PP materials on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blend. The purpose of this study was to develop a valuable thermoplastic elastomer from waste EPDM. This study concentrated on determining the optimum conditions for producing a blend by extrusion, including parameters of screw geometry, screw rotational speed, and operating temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2503–2507, 2003