bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic literature review of the impact of psychiatric pharmacists
Authors: Ho Jessica L. , Roberts Jenna , Payne Gregory H. , Holzum Dorothy N. , Wilkoff Hannah , Tran Tran , Cobb Carla D. , Moore Tera D. , Lee Kelly C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pharmacists focusing on psychotropic medication management and practicing across a wide variety of healthcare settings have significantly improved patient-level outcomes. The Systematic Literature Review Committee of the American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists was tasked with compiling a comprehensive database of primary literature highlighting the impact of psychiatric pharmacists on patient-level outcomes.

Methods
A systematic search of literature published from January 1, 1961, to December 31, 2022, was conducted using PubMed and search terms based on a prior American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists literature review. Publications describing patient-level outcome results associated with pharmacist provision of care in psychiatric/neurologic settings and/or in relation to psychotropic medications were included. The search excluded articles for which there was no pharmacist intervention, no psychiatric disorder treatment, no clinical outcomes, no original research, no access to full text, and/or no English-language version.

Results
A total of 4270 articles were reviewed via PubMed, with 4072 articles excluded based on title, abstract, and/or full text in the initial pass and 208 articles selected for inclusion. A secondary full-text review excluded 11 additional articles, and 5 excluded articles were ultimately included based on a secondary review, for a final total of 202 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. A comprehensive database of these articles was compiled, including details on their study designs and outcomes.

Discussion
The articles included in the final database had a wide range of heterogeneity. While the overall impact of psychiatric pharmacists was positive, the study variability highlights the need for future publications to have more consistent, standardized outcomes with stronger study designs.
The impact of early direct-contact experiences on reducing mental health stigma among student pharmacists: A pilot study
Authors: Tran Amber R. , Patel Saumyaa A. , Loera Lindsey J. , Smith Tawny , Catanzano Samantha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Mental health–related stigma is a barrier to treatment and recovery for serious mental illnesses (SMIs). Educational training programs demonstrate positive changes in health professional students’ attitudes and stigma toward SMI; however, student pharmacists have minimal opportunity to directly engage with the SMI population. This study aims to assess and compare student pharmacists’ stigma related to SMI before and after participating in a pilot series of direct-contact workshop experiences.

Methods
The 15-item Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers survey was administered to student pharmacists before and after the workshop experiences to measure stigma toward SMI. Five 2-hour workshops were provided to members of a local nonprofit organization serving people with SMI by student pharmacist volunteers detailing a health and wellness topic. The postworkshop survey included free text responses to obtain student feedback.

Results
Twenty-four complete preworkshop surveys were obtained, and most of them had positive attitudes and beliefs at baseline. Thirteen postworkshop surveys were obtained from student pharmacists who participated in a workshop event, and 9 were completed by student pharmacists who did not participate in a workshop event, which were used as a comparator group. Stigma decreased after participating in a workshop event, and those who participated demonstrated a lower degree of stigma versus the comparator group.

Discussion
Direct-contact experiences allow student pharmacists to interact with people with SMI earlier in their training and help reduce stigma toward those with psychiatric disorders. Future research is needed to identify large-scale changes in pharmacy student stigma.
Über Desaminierungsreaktionen I [1]. Zum Abbau primärer aliphatischer Amine mit Hilfe von Aryldiazoniumionen in schwach basischem Milieu
Authors: Moll H. , Vuille R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe deamination of primary aliphatic amines by N‐copulation with diazotized sulfanilic acid in weekly alkaline aqueous solution is investigated.
Strahlungschemie von Kohlenwasserstoffen. 14. Mitteilung. Mögliche Radikalreaktionen in Benzol
Authors: Zimmerli Bernhard , Gäumann Tino 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe behaviour of benzene and its mixtures with naphthalene, anthracene, cyclohexene and cyclohexadienes under the influence of γ‐irradiation is examined. A mechanism of the product formation in pure benzene is proposed and discussed, that is mainly based on radical reactions between cyclohexadienyl and phenylcyclohexadienyl radicals. The existence of phenyl radicals is shown by the formation of phenylnaphthalenes with naphthalene as additive. The inhibiting effect of cyclohexene and cyclohexadiene on the biphenyl and phenylcyclohexadiene formation can be explained by hydrogen abstraction by the phenyl radicals.
Azofarbstoff‐ CrIII‐Komplexe mit orthokondensierten Sechs‐ und Siebenringen
Authors: Schetty G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFrom the azo dyestuff 2‐aminophenyl acetic acid → β‐naphthol two isomeric 1:2 chromium complexes could be prepared, which probably are coordinated in the sandwich arrangement. The dyestuff 2‐aminophenyl acetic acid → phenyl‐methyl‐pyrazolone is forming only one 1:2 chromium complex, probably coordinated in the DREW‐PFITZNER arrangement. These complexes are the first proved examples for metal‐containing azo dyestuffs with ortho condensed 6‐ and 7‐membered rings.
Thyrocalcitonin IV. Die Totalsynthese des α‐Thyrocalcitonins
Authors: Riniker B. , Brugger M. , Kamber B. , Sieber P. , Rittel W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe total synthesis of the hypocalcaemic hormone α‐thyrocalcitonin (I) isolated from porcine thyroid glands is reported in detail. By the fragment condensation approach, using coupling procedures known to avoid racemisation, the fully protected dotriacontapeptide sequence II was synthesised. In the build up of II the disulfide ring bridge connecting the cysteine residues 1 and 7 was preformed in the protected nonapeptide fragment 1–9. Simultaneous removal by acidolysis of the nine protecting groups present in II yielded synthetic α‐thyrocalcitonin (I) in a state of high purity and possessing full biological activity; the disulfide bond remained intact during the de‐protection step. On repeated biological assay the synthetic preparation I in the test system of KUMAR et al. [2] was found to possess an activity of 130.8 U/mg peptide.
Die Glykoside von Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, MEDIKUS. 2. Mitteilung: Hydrierungen und Umlagerungen der Genine sowie Massenspektren
Authors: Stöckel K. , Stöcklin W. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe course of hydrogenation of hirundigenin (7) (C21H30O5), either in acetic acid or ethanol, is strongly influenced by the solvent used. In acetic acid tow moles of hydrogen were taken up very quickly under saturation of the double bond and hydrogenolysis of the hydroxyl group. In ethanol, first the cyclohemiketal ring was slowly opened to a triol, and subsequently the double bond was saturated very slowly. In the case of anhydrohirundigenin (11) hydrogenation of the δ5‐double bond occurred rapidly in acetic acid. Subsequently, the δ8, 14‐ethylenic linkage was also slowly hydrogenated under formation of two stereomeric trans‐derivatives. Vincetogenin consumed two moles of hydrogen in acetic acid, and this resulted in the formation of two isomers as well. Hirundigenin and anhydrohirundigenin are stable toward alkaline hydrolysis, but do rearrange in the presence of acids. One of the isomerisation products of dihydro‐anhydrohirundigenin has been isolated in pure form.
Sur le rôle métabolique de la proferrorosamine A produite par Pseudomonas roseus fluorescens J. C. MARCHAL 1937
Authors: Pouteau‐Thouvenot M. , Choussy M. , Barbier M. , Viscontini M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLa biosynthèse de la proferrorosamine A produite par Pseudomonas roseus fluorescens est inhibée par le tryptophane et cette inhibition est levée par l'acide shikimique. A la suite de l'ensemble des résultats acquis, des hypothèses concernant le rôle métabolique de la proferrorosamine A sont formulées et discutées.
Strahlungschemie von Kohlenwasserstoffen. 18. Mitteilung. Hexan‐N2O
Authors: Menger Andrée , Gäumann Tino 
Published: December 2004

AbstractN2O has the following effects on the radiolysis of light and heavy hexane: It decreases the bimolecular part of the hydrogen production. A corresponding N2‐production amounts to the double of this decrease. The speed of competition is very much faster at higher temperature. The amount of CC bond split yielding alkyl radicals is decreased but not suppressed. The initial amount of hexyl radicals formed is not changed and shows no isotope effect, whereas an additional production of these radicals shows such an effect. They are probably formed by the abstraction by OH‐radicals that are products of the neutralization reaction of N2O− with the hexyl cation. This additional amount contributes mainly to the 3‐hexyl‐isomer. The part of the additional hexene formation that exceeds the amount produced by disproportionation from hexyl radicals is formed in a unimolecular process yielding water as the second product. This is a main product, hexanols and hexanones have not been found. A partial product balance involving hydrogen, hexyl and hexene is presented. The disproportionation/combination ratio for hexyl radicals is according to this balance 0.75.
Note sur les réctions d'échange de restes alcoyle chez des monoesters orthophosphoriques et benzènephosphonique
Authors: Cherbuliez E. , Baehler Br. , Marszalek J. , Weber G. , Rabinowitz J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractExperimental data obtained from the study of the behaviour of monoalkyl phosphates ROP(O)(OH)O− or monoalkyl phosphonates C6H5P(O)(OR)O− in aquo‐alcoholic (H2O + R′OH) solutions suggest: (1) in the case of monoalkyl phosphonates the exchange of R and R′ must proceed by a direct alcoholysis; (2) in the case of monoalkyl phosphates, where the scission of the ester at about pH 4,5 proceeds via the intermediate formation of metaphosphate ion PO3−, R′OPO3H− can also be formed by the addition of R′OH to PO3− (competitive to the addition of water) besides direct alcoholysis of ROPO3H−.
Die Glykoside von Marsdenia erecta R. Br. 1. Mitteilung: Isolierungen. Glykoside und Aglykone, 325. Mitteilung
Authors: Saner A. , Zerlentis C. , Stöcklin W. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDried leaves of Marsdenia erecta R. Br. gave over 6% of a crude glycoside mixture, the main portion of which consisted of weakly polar material, soluble in ether or chloroform. By mild acid hydrolysis it yielded crude sugars and aglycones. The following four crist. sugars were isolated: D‐cymarose, D‐oleandrose and two bioses: pachybiose and marsectobiose (C14H24O8, new). By PC. and TLC. the presence of digitoxose, canarose, thevetose and 3‐O‐methyl‐6‐deoxyallose could be demonstrated. The crude acyl‐genin mixture contained β‐sitosteryl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and three highly hydroxylated pregnane derivatives: drevogenin‐P, 17 β‐marsdenin (C21H32O6, new) and marsectohexol (C21H34O6, new), all partly esterified with acetic, tiglic and benzoic acid. Five crist. acyl‐genins (A1–A5) were isolated by chromatography, but most of them still were mixtures. After alkaline hydrolysis of the crude acyl‐genins 6 acyl‐free compounds were obtained. 4 of them were identical with the above mentioned substances, the other two: 17‐iso‐drevogenin‐P and marsdenin (17 α‐marsdenin) are formed from drevogenin‐P and 17 β‐marsdenin by isomerisation.
Reaktivität von Koordinationsverbindungen XXII [1]. Zur Kinetik der O2‐Aufnahme von Kobalt(II)‐Chelaten 3‐zähniger Amine und Amide
Authors: Donatsch P. , Gerber K. H. , Zuberbühler A. , Fallab S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of the interaction between molecular oxygen and the Co2+‐complexes of the three terdentate ligands Z, N‐(2‐picolyl)‐ethylenediamine (PEN), N‐(2‐picolyl)‐oxamide (POA) and diethylenetriamine (DIEN) have been studied spectrophotometrically and using an O2 specific Clark electrode. Starting from the respective 1:1‐ and 1:2‐complexes, the binuclear species ZCoO2(OH)CoZ and Z2CoO2CoZ2 are formed with each ligand. The existence of the former product shows that a minimum of three chelating nitrogen donors is sufficient to make a Co2+‐complex reactive towards O2.As derived from the empirical rate laws the same general reaction mechanism must be valid for all three systems. In the case of PEN‐ and DIEN‐complexes the oxygen adducts are metastable intermediates and formed in stoichiometric quantities. With POA irreversible formation of cobaltic species is rapid, and O2‐adducts are present in steady state concentrations only, except in strongly basic solutions.
Die Wohl‐Ziegler‐Bromierung von Tiglin‐ und Angelika‐säureestern
Authors: Löffler A. , Pratt R. J. , Rüesch H. P. , Dreiding André S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Wohl‐Ziegler bromination (with N‐bromo‐succinimide = NBS) of methyl tiglate (1b) gave a 2:1 mixture of methyl γ‐bromotiglate (3b) and methyl β′‐bromotiglate (5b). This ratio of γ‐ to β′‐bromination was unaffected by changes of solvent, catalyst or size of the ester alkoxy group. The same products were obtained from the NBS treatment of methyl angelate (2b). This NBS‐bromination appears to be thermodynamically controlled, since both angelic and tiglic acid as well as their methyl esters were brought into equilibrium (1 ⇆ 2 = > 9:1) with catalytic amounts of NBS.
Versuche zur Synthese von 9β, 10α‐Steroiden; B,C,D‐tricyclische Verbindungen
Authors: Saucy G. , Koch W. , Müller M. , Fürst A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn a search for a new and efficient synthesis of the compound 7, the cyclization of 5 (obtained by a Michael‐reaction from 3 and 4) was studied. Treatment of 5 with strong acid furnished the known dienedione 8. Mild acidic conditions gave the bridged alcohol 9 and other, unidentified products, rather than the desired enone 6. Under basic conditions, 5 did not cyclize to 6, but underwent retro‐Michael reaction. Attempts were then made to convert the dienedione 8 to the 14α‐enone 19. However, both catalytic hydrogenation and lithium‐ammonia reduction of 8 yielded mainly 14β‐products. In some hydrogenation experiments, isomerization of the dienedione 8 to the phenols 13 (major) and 14 (minor) occurred. The stereochemistry of the new isomeric des‐A‐androst‐9‐en‐5, 17‐diones (16, 17 and 20) was determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Versuche zur Biotinsynthese. Herstellung von (3aS, 6aR)‐1, 3‐Dibenzyl‐tetrahydro‐4H‐thieno[3, 4‐d]imidazol‐2,4(1H)‐dion
Authors: Gerecke M. , Zimmermann J.‐P. , Aschwanden W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA modification of the biotin synthesis of Goldberg & Sternbach is described, enantiomers being separated in the first steps and wrong isomers recyclised. The conversion of the lactone 15 to the thiolactone 16 is done by a new method using potassium thioacetate in high boiling solvents.
Absolute Konfiguration von Semi‐α‐carotinon aus Murraya exotica
Authors: Buchecker R. , Yokoyama H. , Eugster C. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSemi‐α‐carotenone isolated from the fruit of Murraya exotica (Rutaceae) has the same chirality (6‐R) as (+)‐α‐carotene.
3β‐Hydroxy‐14, 15β‐epoxy‐16β‐acetoxy‐5β, 14β‐card‐20(22)‐enolid aus Gitoxigenin. Partialsynthetische Versuche in der Reihe der Herzgifte, 4. Mitteilung [1]
Authors: Boffo Ursul , Linde Horst H. A. , Meyer Kuno 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Teilsynthese von 3β‐Hydroxy‐14, 15β‐epoxy‐16β‐acetoxy‐5β, 14β‐card‐20 (22)‐enolid (IX) wird beschrieben.
Die Ermittlung von realen Gefügezuständen mit Hilfe der technologischen Kalorimetrie — Aussagemöglichkeiten üblicher Abkühlungskurven. Vorläufige Mitteilung
Authors: Wlodawer R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe cooling curve of a casting, recorded by thermocouples, reflects the heat transfer during the solidification periods. E. g. during the intervall from point 3 → 5 (see fig. 1) the primary austenite crystallises. The more austenite there is in the cast iron, the more crystallisation heat from the austenite becomes free, and the larger is the intervall 3 → 5.Knowing the fusion heat (cal/g austenite), the specific heat (cal/°C g), and the square relationsship time/heat, it is possible to transform the cooling curve into a calorimeter curve (fig. 2). In the logarithmic scale system, the curve‐inclination m ⋍ 1:2. This technological calorimeter curve shows the quantities of heat relatively exactly. From the above findings the quantities of primary austenite and the other texture components can be calculated. In every case we find considerably more austenite than in the equilibrium.With the aide of this mathematical artifice any cooling curve is the key for the quantitative determination of all texture components, as demonstrated here on the example of cast iron; in principle this is possible for other alloys too.
Préparation de quelques dérivés de l'acétylamino‐5‐thiophénecarbaldéhyde‐2 per Bernard Miche de Malleray
Authors: de Malleray Bernard Miche 
Published: December 2004

AbstractL'actylamino‐5‐thiophénecarbaléhyde‐2, dont la préparation a été a améliorée, a été condensé avec des corps à méthylène actif. Certains des produits obtenus ont servi è prépaparer des acides aminés thiophéniques puis finalement le monochlorhydrate d'homolysine, corps nouveau. La condensation de l'acétylamino‐5‐thiophénecarbaldéhyde‐2 avec l'acide malonique a fourni non pas l'acide propionique ß‐aminé correspondant, mais l'acide (acétylamino‐5‐thénylidène‐2)‐malonique.
C‐Glycosides V: Données mécanistiques sur l'halogénation d'hydrazones et d'oximes dérivées de sucres. Communication préliminaire
Authors: Tronchet J. M. J. , Baehler Br. , Le‐Hong N. , Livio P. F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe bromination of aldehydo‐sugars p‐nitrophenylhydrazones has been studied and the gem‐bromo‐azo intermediates isolated and characterized in some cases. In the same way, in the chlorination of aldehydo‐sugars oximes gem‐chloro‐nitroso intermediates have been obtained and in some instances isolated. These observations support a SE2′ mechanism for such reactions.
Determination of ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° of the Interaction of Ions with Carrier Antibiotics by Computerized Microcalorimetry
Authors: Früh P. U. , Clerc J. T. , Simon W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° — and thereby the equilibrium constant of the interaction of carrier antibiotics with ions — are determined using a microcalorimeter on‐line with a dedicated computer. Thermodynamic data of the interaction of monensin, macrotetrolides and valinomycin with sodium and potassium ions in methanol at 25°C are given.
Die Kristallstruktur von Trikobalt(II)‐dihydroxidsulfat‐dihydrat, Co3(OH)2(SO4)2 · 2 H2O
Authors: Dubler E. , Oswald H. R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTricobalt (II)‐dihydroxidesulfate‐dihydrate, Co3(OH)2(SO4)2 · 2H2O, is orthorhombic: a = 7.21, b = 9.77, c = 12.86 Å, V = 905.9 Å3, space group D‐Pbcm with four formula units per cell. The atomic positions have been determined by threedimensional Patterson and Fourier synthesis and full‐matrix least‐squares refinement of single crystal X‐ray diffraction data.The structure shows infinite chains [001] of CoO octahedra sharing one edge with each other. These chains are linked together by alternating SO4 tetrahedra and additional CoO octahedra, thus giving rise to a three‐dimensional network of polyhedra. There is no similarity to the well known layer structures of most hydroxide salts of divalent metals. The SO4 tetrahedra are regular while the CoO octahedra show considerable distortion. The water molecule is coordinated to one Co atom and bonded to sulfate oxygen by two weak hydrogen bridges.
Infrarotspektroskopische und thermoanalytische Untersuchung von Trikobalt(II)‐dihydroxidsulfat‐dihydrat, Co3(OH)2(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Authors: Dubler E. , Oswald H. R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe infrared spectra between 600 and 4000 cm−1 of Co3(OH)2(SO4)2 · 2H2O, Co3(OH)2(SO4)2, and Co3(OD)2(SO4)2 · 2D2O are reported and discussed. The spectra are mainly examined in relation to the binding state of the water molecules. The results are in good agreement with the previously described crystal structure studies. Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction methods were used to investigate the unusual thermal decomposition behaviour of Co3(OH)2(SO4)2 · 2H2O. The kinetics of the dehydration reaction are discussed.
The UV.‐spectrum and the photochemical properties of 1‐ethoxycarbonylimino‐pyridinium ylide
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Schmidt Dieter , Streith Jacques 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe UV. spectrum of 1‐ethoxycarbonylimino‐pyridinium ylide 1 has been measured using the stretched film technique. From a Pariser‐Parr‐Pople model the first two bands can be assigned to π* → π transitions. The photorearrangement of 1 leading to the diazepine 3 is discussed.
The Synthesis and Reactions of Yomogi Alcohol. Conversion of the artemisyl skeleton to the santolinyl skeleton by a 1,2‐shift of a vinyl group. Synthesis of santolinatriene
Authors: Thomas Alan F. , Pawlak (née Bucher) Waltraud 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of yomogi alcohol (2, 5, 5‐trimethylhepta‐3,6‐dien‐2‐ol, 2) is described, and experiments directed towards its allylic rearrangement to artemisia alcohol detervatives have been carried out. Acidic reagents open the ring of yomogi alcohol epoxide (16) at with participation of the 6,7‐double‐bond, a shift of the vinyl group results to yield a compound with the santolinyl skeleton. The same reagents are without effect when this double bond reduced. Action of butyllithium of the benzaldehyde acetal (41) of 2, 5‐dimethyl‐4‐vinyl‐2, dihydroxy‐hex‐5‐ene (28), obtained by acid‐catalyzed ring opening of yomogi alcohol epoxide in the presence of benzaldehyde, leads to santolinatriene (42).This vinyl shift is not observed in the case of O‐acetyl yomogi alcohol epoxide (46), from white a compound believed to be an oxetan 48 (R  COCH3) is formed with concomitent shift of the acetate group. Further unusual reactions of the oxetan are described, and some observation about the epoxidation of sterically hindered allyl alcohols and their acetates are made.
A Total Synthesis of the Alkaloid Rhoeadine. Preliminary communication
Authors: Klötzer W. , Teitel S. , Brossi A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Umwandlung des Phtalidisochinolins (–)‐Bicucullin (1) in das Benzazepinalkaloid (+)‐Rhoeadin (8) und in sein unnatürliches Isomeres werden beschrieben.
B, B, B‐Trimethyl‐N, N, N‐triäthylborazin‐ und B, B, B‐Triäthyl‐N, N, N‐trimethylborazin‐molybdäntricarbonyl
Authors: Deckelmann K. , Werner H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe title compounds have been prepared in low yields starting with cis‐(CH3CN)3‐Mo(CO)3 or Mo(CO)6 (photochemical route). The new complexes are generally less stable than the corresponding hexaalkylborazine‐chromium compounds and react very smoothly with Lewis bases by cleavage of the borazine‐metal bond. The IR.‐spectra indicate the similarity of type of bonding in hexaalkylborazine‐molybdenum and ‐chromium complexes.
On the Complex Formation of Tris‐(dipivalomethanato)‐europium with Pyridine
Authors: Huber H. , Seelig J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe complexation of the shift reagent tris‐(dipivalomethanato)‐europium with pyridine in deuteriochloroform has been studied by means of 1H‐NMR. Shift parameters S = 28.0, 9.9, and 9.2 ppm respectively for pyridine protons 2, 3 and 4 are obtained. The results indicate that the shift reagent complexes a single pyridine molecule with an association constant K1 > 100 mole−1l.