bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in osteoarthritic human cartilage: Critical roles of the ERK‐1/2 and p38 signaling pathways
Authors: Masuko‐Hongo Kayo , Berenbaum Francis , Humbert Lydie , Salvat Colette , Goldring Mary B. , Thirion Sylvie 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectiveMicrosomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES‐1) is the final enzyme of the cascade that produces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key actor in arthritis. To study mPGES‐1 synthesis in human cartilage and its regulation by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), we used human cartilage and an immortalized human chondrocyte cell line. Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in mPGES‐1 expression.MethodsWe used real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Northern blotting, and Western blotting to measure mPGES‐1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in human chondrocytes. PGE2 production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCartilage specimens from osteoarthritis (OA) patients contained far greater amounts of mPGES‐1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) mRNA than did normal cartilage. Incubation with IL‐1β markedly increased mPGES‐1 mRNA and protein in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner, in parallel with an increase in PGE2 levels. Both PD98059, an ERK pathway inhibitor, and SB203580, a p38α/β MAPK inhibitor, abolished the increases in mPGES‐1 mRNA and protein in response to IL‐1β. The specific p38α MAPK inhibitor SC906 suppressed IL‐1β–induced COX‐2 expression but not IL‐1β–induced mPGES‐1 expression, suggesting preferential involvement of p38β MAPK in IL‐1β–induced mPGES‐1 expression.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that mPGES‐1 is stimulated in human chondrocytes by the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β via activation of both ERK‐1/2 and p38 MAPK in an isoform‐specific manner. We postulate that mPGES‐1 may be a novel target for OA therapy.
Deletion of the gene encoding CD59a in mice increases disease severity in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Williams A. S. , Mizuno M. , Richards P. J. , Holt D. S. , Morgan B. P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the roles of CD59a in the protection of joint tissue in the context of murine antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA).MethodsAIA was triggered in CD59a‐deficient (CD59a−/−) mice and in CD59a‐sufficient (CD59a+/+) controls; the course and severity of disease were compared between groups. The effects on arthritis of restoring CD59 to the joint in CD59a−/− mice by use of a membrane‐targeted recombinant CD59 were also explored.ResultsDisease, as assessed clinically by measurement of joint swelling on day 1 (P < 0.0001), day 2 (P < 0.01), and day 7 (P < 0.02) and histologically from indicators of joint damage on day 21 (P < 0.02), was significantly enhanced in CD59a−/− mice compared with CD59a+/+ wild‐type controls. Membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition in the arthritic joints of CD59a−/− mice was also increased compared with that in the joints of CD59a+/+ controls. Restitution of CD59 activity in joints of CD59a−/− mice was attempted with soluble recombinant rat CD59 (sCD59) or with a novel membrane‐targeted rat CD59 derivative (sCD59‐APT542). Strong immunohistochemical staining of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue was apparent in sCD59‐APT542–injected joints, but not in joints injected with untargeted sCD59. Intraarticular administration of sCD59‐APT542 markedly ameliorated disease severity in CD59a−/− mice, knee swelling was significantly reduced over the time course of the disease, and joint damage, assessed histologically, was significantly milder on day 21 (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese data firmly implicate the MAC of complement as a major effector of joint damage in the murine AIA model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and they provide a rationale for the inhibition of MAC assembly as a therapeutic strategy for RA.
Efficacy of modified recombinant type II collagen in modulating autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Myers L. K. , Tang B. , Brand D. D. , Rosloniec E. F. , Stuart J. M. , Kang A. H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown that an analog peptide of the immunodominant T cell determinant of type II collagen (CII), i.e., CII256–276(N263, D266), was able to suppress the immune response to CII and the development of arthritis in DR1‐transgenic mice. The present study tested the hypothesis that introduction of the same amino acid substitutions into full‐length CII might improve the efficacy of the mutant collagen in achieving suppression of autoimmune arthritis.MethodsUsing recombinant technology, full‐length CII was modified, while the native conformation was retained. Two point mutations were introduced within the immunodominant T cell determinant to convert the F263 to N and E266 to D, using a baculovirus expression system that has previously been utilized in the production of recombinant CII (rCII).ResultsThe mutant rCII(N263, D266) was capable of reducing the incidence and severity of arthritis as well as the antibody response to CII when administered to DR1‐transgenic mice that display susceptibility to collagen‐induced arthritis. More importantly, it was significantly more effective than the synthetic analog peptide, CII256–276(N263, D266). Its mechanism of suppression may be explained by the secretion of predominantly Th2 cytokines by the T cells immunized with rCII(N263, D266). Administration of rCII(N263, D266) was ineffective in suppressing arthritis in IL4−/− mice, suggesting that the profound suppressive effects of rCII(N263, D266) were mediated through the production of interleukin‐4.ConclusionThese findings describe a promising specific immunotherapy for patients with DR1‐mediated autoimmunity to CII.
Historische Ziegeldeckenkonstruktionen
Authors: Voormann Friedmar 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBei Sanierungsvorhaben von Gebäuden, die etwa in dem Zeitabschnitt zwischen 1890 und 1930 erbaut wurden, stößt man häufig auf ebene massive Deckenkonstruktionen aus Ziegelhohlsteinen. Bei Spannweiten ab etwa 1,40 m findet man meistens zwischen den Ziegelsteinschichten Bewehrungen aus Flachstahl. Sowohl bei den unbewehrten als auch bei den bewehrten Ziegeldecken, den Stahlsteindecken stand den Bauschaffenden der damaligen Zeit eine große Vielzahl unterschiedlichster Konstruktionen zur Verfügung. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die Entwicklungsgeschichte dieser äußerst effektiven Deckentragsysteme.
Neuartige vernagelte Lamellen‐Stützwand
Authors: Lohmiller Hermann 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAus der Reihe von verschiedenen bepflanzbaren, dauerhaften Sicherungen von Geländeeinschnitten wird eine neuartige Lamellen‐Stützwand beschrieben. Sie zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß sie aus horizontalen, im Erdreich verankerten Stahlbetongurten besteht, in deren Schutz die endgültige Aushubsohle erreicht wird, und daran später von unten nach oben fortschreitend, befestigten Fertigteil‐Lamellen. Die Verankerungen bestehen vorzugsweise aus schlaffen Nägeln Es können aber auch Spannanker verwendet werden. Die Vorzüge dieser Bauweise werden hervorgehoben. Ein ausgeführtes Beispiel wird mit mehreren Fotos dargestellt und beschrieben. Anschließend wird auf die Besonderheiten eines vom Verfasser entwickelten Computer‐Programms hingewiesen, mit dem nicht nur die beschriebene Konstruktion, sondern auch alle anderen vernagelten Stützwände, insbesondere die mit Spritzbeton verkleideten, berechnet werden können. Dabei werden neue Wege beschritten, die zu schnelleren und genaueren Ergebnissen führen.
Vergabeentscheidung und Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnung von PPP/PFI‐Projekten in der Bauwirtschaft
Authors: Blecken Udo , Meinen Heiko , Holthaus Ursula 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBei den PPP/PFI‐Projekten prüft die öffentliche Hand die Kosten des Eigenbaus der Verwaltung gegenüber den Leasingangeboten des privatwirtschaftlichen Betreibers. Die Kosten für die Risiken sind in den PPP‐Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleich systematisch einzubinden. Für solch eine PSC‐Berechnung werden die Risiken anhand von zwei Handlungsvarianten mit der DCF‐Methode und dem VaR‐Ansatz berechnet und wirtschaftliche Konsequenzen der einzelnen PPP‐Parteien sowie die Renditeerwartung aufgezeigt.
Neural tube defects and associated anomalies in South Carolina
Authors: Stevenson Roger E. , Seaver Laurie H. , Collins Julianne S. , Dean Jane H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeural tube defects (NTDs) occur as isolated malformations and in the company of other birth defects. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of coexisting anomalies and the relationship between them.METHODSSince 1992, NTDs have been identified through prenatal and postnatal surveillance activities in South Carolina. The type of NTD and presence of associated anomalies were determined by prenatal ultrasound, postnatal and/or postmortem examination.RESULTSDuring the ten‐year period from 1992 to 2002, 564 NTDs were identified by the surveillance system. Seventeen percent of NTDs (98/564) had associated malformations. In approximately half (n = 51) of these cases, the NTDs and associated anomalies were components of a recognizable syndrome. In the remaining cases (n = 47), no syndrome was identified or suspected, but the associated anomalies were believed in most instances to be secondary to space limitation or neural crest abnormalities imposed by the NTD.CONCLUSIONSeventeen percent of NTDs in South Carolina have associated malformations. In most cases, the associated anomalies are considered either components of a multiple malformation syndrome or secondary to the NTD. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 70554–558, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal age and non‐chromosomal birth defects, Atlanta—1968–2000: Teenager or thirty‐something, who is at risk?
Authors: Reefhuis Jennita , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVEThis investigation explored the association between maternal age and non‐chromosomal birth defects to assess any increased risk associated with maternal age.METHODSBirth defect cases were ascertained by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), denominator information was obtained using birth certificate data. Infants with any chromosomal diagnosis were excluded. Effect estimates were calculated using 5‐year maternal age categories with 25–29 years as the referent. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for maternal race, parity, infant sex, and birth year.RESULTSA total of 1,050,616 singleton infants, born after ≥20 weeks gestation in the five counties of metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 through 2000 who did not have a chromosomal abnormality and whose mother was 14 to 40 years old, were included in the analyses, 32,816 of them were identified with birth defects by the MACDP. Young maternal age (14–19 years) was associated with anencephaly (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.30–2.52), hydrocephaly without neural tube defect (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.23–1.96), all ear defects (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10–1.49), cleft lip (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.30–2.73), female genital defects (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.12–2.19), hydronephrosis (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.11–1.82), polydactyly (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09–1.52), omphalocele (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.39–3.12), and gastroschisis (OR = 7.18, 95% CI = 4.39–11.75). Advanced maternal age (35–40 years) was associated with all heart defects (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.22), tricuspid atresia (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02–1.50), right outflow tract defects (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10–1.49), hypospadias 2nd degree or higher (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.33–2.58), male genital defects excluding hypospadias (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08–1.45) and craniosynostosis (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18–2.30).CONCLUSIONSYoung and advanced maternal ages are associated with different types of birth defects. Underlying causes for these associations are not clear. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 70:572–579, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Klebstoffe der Natur: Anwendung und Perspektiven für die Technik
Authors: Onusseit Hermann 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAuf Grund der zum Teil einzigartigen Eigenschaften von altbewährten Rohstoffen aus der Natur, aber auch wegen der Möglichkeiten, natürliche Rohstoffe durch chemische Modifikation gezielt zu verändern, werden Naturstoffe in einer Vielzahl von Klebstoffen eingesetzt. Dass es sich bei den natürlichen Klebstoffen um nachwachsende Rohstoffe handelt, spielt bei einer ökologischen Betrachtung eine wichtige Rolle.
Erst seit einigen Jahren ist die Wissenschaft in der Lage, die Naturphänomene des Klebens so genau zu untersuchen, dass direkte Ableitungen und daraus resultierende technische Anwendungen möglich sind. Durch Modifikationen natürlicher Rohstoffe (beispielsweise gentechnisch veränderte Sorten) wird in Zukunft ein weiteres Einsatzspektrum dieser Stoffe als Klebstoffe möglich sein.
Die Gesellschaft für Technische Biologie und Bionik
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: September 2004

AbstractUm die Bionik in der Öffentlichkeit bekannt zu machen, gründeten Saarbrücker Biologen im Mai 1990 die “Gesellschaft für Technische Biologie und Bionik (GTBB)”. Einer der Initiatoren war Werner Nachtigall, inzwischen emeritierter Direktor des Zoologischen Instituts an der Saar‐Universität, der kurz zuvor auch einen entsprechenden Studienschwerpunkt “Technische Biologie und Bionik (TBB)” ins Leben gerufen hatte.
Ernst Mayr
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: September 2004

AbstractErnst Mayr, einer der bedeutendsten Biologen des 20. Jahrhunderts, feierte in diesem Jahr seinen 100. Geburtstag. Der Inhaber von rund 20 Ehrendoktortiteln und Träger zahlreicher internationaler Auszeichnungen zählt zu den größten und einflussreichsten Naturforschern unserer Zeit.
Determination of abacavir in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and the analytical error function
Authors: Ferrer Salut M. , Modamio Pilar , Lastra Cecilia F. , Mariño Eduardo L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA rapid and simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir in human plasma. It included a single liquid–liquid extraction procedure with a mixture of ethyl acetate‐diethyl ether prior to reversed‐phase chromatography on a C18 column and C18 precolumn insert. Ultraviolet detection was set at 285 nm. The mobile phase consisted of water–acetonitrile (83:17, v/v) and the ﬂow rate was kept at 1 mL/min. The total run time for a single analysis was 10 min. The method has been validated over the range 50–2500 ng/mL. The assay was linear over the entire concentration range (r2 = 0.9993). Intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were less than 8.1 and −5.2%, respectively. The extraction recovery was greater than 94.3%. Abacavir was stable under the relevant storage conditions tested. After the validation, the analytical error function was established as standard deviation (SD; ng/mL) = −1.072 + 0.037C (C = theoretical concentration value). The method developed and its associated analytical error function will be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies and monitoring of HIV‐1 patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comprehensive and concise assessment of suicide risk
Authors: Packman Wendy L. , Marlitt Rebecca E. , Bongar Bruce , O'Connor Pennuto Tracy 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBecause suicide is one of the few fatal consequences of psychiatric illness and is a source of extraordinary stress for loved ones and the clinician, accurate assessment of suicidal risk is an essential aspect of the mental health profession. Innumerable individual differences, along with the low base rate of suicide, make assessment a challenging task in clinical practice that is both delicate and time consuming. In this article, the authors recommend examining and incorporating each patient's personal characteristics, dispositional factors, situational factors, and current presentation of symptoms into a unique individual picture of suicidal risk. This portrait of potential for suicidal behavior can, in turn, be used to evaluate risk and design a course of action. This thorough yet concise approach will likely reduce omissions in assessment, and hopefully lead to fewer false negatives and fewer deaths of suicidal patients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐presentation and resistance in the context of school exclusion: reasons to be critical
Authors: Howarth Caroline 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this article an examination of how we, in the everyday, develop critical engagement with the shifting relations of power and oppression around us is presented. The article explores the role of representations in maintaining the racialized patterns of school exclusion in Britain. Social representations theory is used to investigate how racializing re‐presentations pervade and create institutionalized practices, how these re‐presentations invade young people's sense of self and ultimately how young people collaborate to resist and reject oppressive relations. The material presented here, from interviews with young people excluded from school, and parents, teachers and others involved in school exclusion, illustrates how young people problematize and critique racializing re‐presentations while participating in the conditions of oppression and resistance that pervade their experiences of school. The discussion is divided into three sections. The first examines the institutionalization of stigmatizing representations, visible in social practices. The second section looks at the role of re‐presentation in the social construction of ‘Black pupils’. The concluding section explores the possibilities of resistance and critical engagement in the everyday. As a whole this reveals how young people develop critical engagement with the re‐presentations that filter into and so constitute their realities. This enables an analysis of the role of resistance and contestation in social re‐presentation, highlights the importance of participation and community and so invites a critical version of social representations theory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformation Analysis of Glu181 and Ser186 in the Metarhodopsin I State
Authors: Ishiguro Masaji 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPhotoactivation of rhodopsin yields a photointermediate, metarhodopsin I, during the formation of the fully activated photointermediate, metarhodopsin II. It is proposed that Glu181 and Ser186, in the second extracellular loop, play important roles in the stabilization of the protonated Schiff base of metarhodopsin I. Glu181 and Ser186 form a network of hydrogen bonds mediated by a water molecule in the dark‐state crystal structure of rhodopsin. On the other hand, the counter‐ion of the protonated Schiff base, Glu113, is not involved in the hydrogen‐bond network, as it is located further than hydrogen‐bond distance from Ser186. Herein, the conformations and proton arrangements of the protonated form of Glu181 and Ser186 in the hydrogen‐bond network have been investigated by molecular‐dynamics calculations of the rhodopsin crystal structure as well as in the structural model of metarhodopsin I. In the metarhodopsin I model, Ser186 mediated the hydrogen‐bond network between Glu113 and Glu181, changing the protein's conformation and creating a space by the outward motion of transmembrane segment 3, while the hydroxyl group of Glu181 was favored in the hydrogen‐bond network. The hydrogen bond between Glu113 and Ser186 is thought to reduce the basicity of the carboxylate of Glu113, maintaining the protonated state of the Schiff base in the metarhodopsin I state. In the Glu181Gln mutant, the hydroxyl group of Ser186 favored the water molecule as a proton donor in the metarhodopsin I state, since the carbonyl group of the Gln residue was favored in the hydrogen‐bond network. These results indicate that the Gln181 residue interferes with the hydrogen‐bond between Glu113 and Ser186 in the metarhodopsin I state, facilitating the neutralization of the protonated Schiff base.
Bubble Behavior of a Large‐Scale Bubble Column with Elevated Pressure
Authors: Jin H. , Yang S. , Zhang T. , Tong Z. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGas holdups and the rising velocity of large and small bubbles are measured using the dynamic gas disengagement approach in a pressured bubble column of 0.3 m in diameter and 6.6 m in height. The effects of superficial gas velocity, liquid surface tension, liquid viscosity, and system pressure on the gas holdups and the rising velocity of small and large bubbles are investigated. The holdup of large bubbles and the rising velocity of small bubbles increase with increasing liquid viscosity and liquid surface tension. Meanwhile, the holdup of small bubbles and the rising velocity of a swarm of large bubbles decrease. Moreover, the holdup of large bubbles and the rising velocity of a swarm of small bubbles decrease with increasing system pressure. A correlation for the holdup of small bubbles is obtained from experimental data.
Complexing Mechanism of the Lanthanide Cations Eu3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+ with 1,4,7,10‐Tetrakis(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (dota)—Characterization of Three Successive Complexing Phases: Study of the Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of the Complexes by Potentiometry, Luminescence Spectroscopy, and EXAFS
Authors: Moreau Juliette , Guillon Emmanuel , Pierrard Jean‐Claude , Rimbault Jean , Port Marc , Aplincourt Michel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractComplexation of the lanthanides Eu3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+ with 1,4,7,10‐tetrakis(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (dota) has been studied in solution by using potentiometry, luminescence spectrometry, and EXAFS. Three series of successive complexes were characterized by at least two of these methods: the immediate [LnHn(dota)](n−1)+** and intermediate [LnHn(dota)](n−1)+* complexes with 0≤n≤2, and the final [Ln(dota)]− complexes. The formation constants of the intermediate and final complexes were determined by using potentiometry. From the results, a complexation mechanism involving three steps has been proposed. In the [LnHn(dota)](n−1)+** complexes that are instantaneously formed, the lanthanide is bound to four oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups and to five water molecules. These species evolve rapidly: the lanthanide moves into the macrocycle cavity, two new bonds are formed with two nitrogen atoms diametrically opposed in the tetraaza cycle and only three water molecules remain bound to the lanthanide in the [LnHn(dota)](n−1)+* (0≤n≤2) complexes, which appear after a two‐day wait. These compounds are stable for about four days. After 4–8 weeks, a concerted rearrangement occurs which leads to the formation of thermodynamically stable [Ln(dota)]− complexes in which the lanthanide is bound to four nitrogen atoms, four carboxylate oxygen atoms, and one water molecule.
Crystal and Molecular Structures and Experimentally Determined Charge Densities of Fluorinated Ethenes
Authors: Lentz Dieter , Bach Ansgar , Buschmann Jürgen , Luger Peter , Messerschmidt Marc 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCrystals of various fluorinated ethenes were grown by in situ crystallization from their melts on a diffractometer, allowing the structures of tetrafluoroethene (C2F4), trifluoroethene (C2HF)3, 1,1‐difluoroethene (C2H2F2), (E)‐1,2‐difluoroethene (C2H2F2), and (Z)‐1,2‐difluoroethene (C2H2F2) to be determined by X‐ray crystallography. Unexpectedly, the CC bond lengths show only small variations arising from fluorine substitution. These findings are supported by ab initio calculations at a DFT level of theory and the results of topological analyses of the experimentally determined and theoretically calculated charge densities.