bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Rural–Urban Differences in the Association Between Internet Use and Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults in China
Authors: Yu Xinfang , Ang Shannon , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We examine rural–urban differences between internet use and cognitive functioning among older Chinese adults and the mediating role of perceived social support networks across rural and urban areas.

Methods
Data were from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (N = 9,591). Ordinary least squares regression and mediation analyses were used to examine the specific hypotheses.

Results
General internet use was significantly associated with improved cognitive functioning among older adults in the overall sample. Social support networks mediated the relationship between general internet use and cognitive functioning, but only for older adults living in rural areas. After disaggregating internet use into specific online activities, watching shows was associated with better cognitive functioning for older adults living in urban areas. For those in rural areas, chatting was positively associated with cognitive functioning, while playing games was negatively associated with cognitive functioning.

Discussion
We showed that social support mediates the relationship between internet use and cognitive functioning differently in rural and urban areas. Cognitive benefits derived from specific types of online activities also depend on their residence. These findings suggest that efforts aimed at improving internet use among rural older adults may be more fruitful if they focus on building social opportunities for older adults.
Health literacy and breast cancer screening adherence: results from the population of Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Zanobini Patrizio , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Giusti Martina , Minardi Valentina , Possenti Valentina , Masocco Maria , Garofalo Giorgio , Mereu Giovanna , Cecconi Rossella , Lorini Chiara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMammographic screening can reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality in women. In Italy, although attendance rates increased recently, they are still far from the recommended levels internationally. Inadequate health literacy (HL) may be a reason for poor awareness and/or knowledge about the importance of completing cancer screening. This study examined the relationship between HL, other sociodemographic determinants, and their influence on participation in both opportunistic and organized BC screenings among women aged 50–69 in Tuscany. The study analyzed 2017–2019 data from the Tuscan population subsample in the Italian Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System PASSI (Progressi delle Aziende Sanitarie per la Salute in Italia). HL was assessed using the Italian version of the six-item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q6). Among the 2250 interviewees, 75.3% underwent the organized BC screening and 9.4% on voluntary basis. Although to a different extent, HL was significantly associated to compliance rates with both opportunistic and organized screenings. Among sociodemographic factors, only occupational status was associated with opportunistic screening attendance rates. As expected, being invited by letter resulted to be strongly associated with participation to organized screening programs and the medical advice predicts for participating to both opportunistic and organized screening. This study highlights the relevant role that HL plays in BC, opportunistic and organized, screening adherence in a universal healthcare system. To increase BC screening participation rates, healthcare systems would benefit by implementing interventions for improved HL at population level or within healthcare organizations.
Aberrant monocytopoiesis drives granuloma development in sarcoidosis
Authors: Hiranuma Ryosuke , Sato Ryota , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Nakamizo Satoshi , Asano Kenichi , Shibata Takuma , Fukui Ryutaro , Furukawa Yoichi , Kabashima Kenji , Miyake Kensuke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In sarcoidosis, granulomas develop in multiple organs including the liver and lungs. Although mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in macrophages drives granuloma development in sarcoidosis by enhancing macrophage proliferation, little is known about the macrophage subsets that proliferate and mature into granuloma macrophages. Here, we show that aberrantly increased monocytopoiesis gives rise to granulomas in a sarcoidosis model, in which Tsc2, a negative regulator of mTORC1, is conditionally deleted in CSF1R-expressing macrophages (Tsc2csf1rΔ mice). In Tsc2csf1rΔ mice, common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs), common monocyte progenitors / monocyte progenitors (cMoPs / MPs), inducible monocyte progenitors (iMoPs), and Ly6Cint CX3CR1low CD14− immature monocytes (iMOs), but not monocyte-dendritic cell progenitors (MDPs) and common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs), accumulated and proliferated in the spleen. Consistent with this, monocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophil-like monocytes increased in the spleens of Tsc2csf1rΔ mice, whereas dendritic cells did not. The adoptive transfer of splenic iMOs into wild-type mice gave rise to granulomas in the liver and lungs. In these target organs, iMOs matured into Ly6Chi classical monocytes/macrophages (cMOs). Giant macrophages (gMAs) also accumulated in the liver and lungs, which were similar to granuloma macrophages in expression of cell surface markers such as MerTK and SLAMF7. Furthermore, the gMA-specific genes were expressed in human macrophages from sarcoidosis skin lesions. These results suggest that mTORC1 drives granuloma development by promoting the proliferation of monocyte/neutrophil progenitors and iMOs predominantly in the spleen, and that proliferating iMOs mature into cMOs and then gMAs to give rise to granuloma after migration into the liver and lungs in sarcoidosis.
Deploying a national clinical text processing infrastructure
Authors: McManus Kimberly F , Stringer Johnathon Michael , Corson Neal , Fodeh Samah , Steinhardt Steven , Levin Forrest L , Shotqara Asqar S , D’Auria Joseph , Fielstein Elliot M , Gobbel Glenn T , Scott John , Trafton Jodie A , Taddei Tamar H , Erdos Joseph , Tamang Suzanne R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Clinical text processing offers a promising avenue for improving multiple aspects of healthcare, though operational deployment remains a substantial challenge. This case report details the implementation of a national clinical text processing infrastructure within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Methods
Two foundational use cases, cancer case management and suicide and overdose prevention, illustrate how text processing can be practically implemented at scale for diverse clinical applications using shared services.

Results
Insights from these use cases underline both commonalities and differences, providing a replicable model for future text processing applications.

Conclusions
This project enables more efficient initiation, testing, and future deployment of text processing models, streamlining the integration of these use cases into healthcare operations. This project implementation is in a large integrated health delivery system in the United States, but we expect the lessons learned to be relevant to any health system, including smaller local and regional health systems in the United States.
The evolutionary dynamics of local adaptations under genetic rescue is determined by mutational load and polygenicity
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Stern Aaron J , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Inbred populations often suffer from increased mutational load and reduced fitness due to lower efficacy of purifying selection in groups with small effective population sizes. Genetic rescue (GR) is a conservation tool that is studied and deployed with the aim of increasing the fitness of such inbred populations by assisted migration of individuals from closely related outbred populations. The success of GR depends on several factors—such as their demographic history and distribution of dominance effects of mutations—that may vary across populations. While we understand the impact of these factors on the dynamics of GR, their impact on local adaptations remains unclear. To this end, we conduct a population genetics simulation study to evaluate the impact of trait complexity (Mendelian vs. polygenic), dominance effects, and demographic history on the efficacy of GR. We find that the impact on local adaptations depends highly on the mutational load at the time of GR, which is in turn shaped dynamically by interactions between demographic history and dominance effects of deleterious variation. Over time local adaptations are generally restored post-GR, though in the short term they are often compromised in the process of purging deleterious variation. We also show that while local adaptations are almost always fully restored, the degree to which ancestral genetic variation affecting the trait is replaced by donor variation can vary drastically and is especially high for complex traits. Our results provide insights on the impact of GR on trait evolution and considerations for the practical implementation of GR.
Genomic analysis supports Cape Lion population connectivity prior to colonial eradication and extinction
Authors: de Flamingh Alida , Gnoske Thomas P , Rivera-Colón Angel G , Simeonovski Velizar A , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Witt Kelsey E , Catchen Julian , Roca Alfred L , Malhi Ripan Singh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCape lions (Panthera leo melanochaitus) formerly ranged throughout the grassland plains of the “Cape Flats” in what is today known as the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Cape lions were likely eradicated because of overhunting and habitat loss after European colonization. European naturalists originally described Cape lions as “black-maned lions” and claimed that they were phenotypically distinct. However, other depictions and historical descriptions of lions from the Cape report mixed or light coloration and without black or extensively developed manes. These findings suggest that, rather than forming a distinct population, Cape lions may have had phenotypic and genotypic variation similar to other African lions. Here we investigate Cape lion genome characteristics, population dynamics, and genetic distinctiveness prior to their extinction. We generated genomic data from 2 historic Cape lions to compare to 118 existing high-coverage mitogenomes, and low-coverage nuclear genomes of 53 lions from 13 African countries. We show that, before their eradication, lions from the Cape Flats had diverse mitogenomes and nuclear genomes that clustered with lions from both southern and eastern Africa. Cape lions had high genome-wide heterozygosity and low inbreeding coefficients, indicating that populations in the Cape Flats went extinct so rapidly that genomic effects associated with long-term small population size and isolation were not detectable. Our findings do not support the characterization of Cape lions as phylogeographically distinct, as originally put forth by some European naturalists, and illustrates how alternative knowledge systems, for example, Indigenous perspectives, could potentially further inform interpretations of species histories.
Determination of FRAND royalty rates: an examination of prominent SEP cases
Authors: Effraimidis Georgios , Werner Dan , Boushie Kristopher 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Technology standards are critical in creating a common interface, allowing interoperability between individual components, devices and networks. Technology standards often incorporate many essential patented inventions, which are referred to as standard-essential patents (SEPs). Owners of declared SEPs provide commitments to standard setting organizations (SSOs) that they will license their SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms to companies that practice the standards. However, it is sometimes disputed whether or not these royalty rates are FRAND; in these cases, the burden of determining a FRAND royalty falls to courts. It is important for parties involved in SEP litigation to be knowledgeable of the appropriate economic tools and models to address the various issues arising in these unique and challenging patent disputes. This article discusses how various approaches to patent valuation have been applied in prominent SEP cases over the last decade.
Outcomes in patients with high- and very high-risk localized prostate cancer treated with definitive IMRT and long-term hormone therapy
Authors: Kawamura Norihiko , Hayashi Takuji , Nagahara Akira , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakayama Masashi , Ikawa Toshiki , Kanayama Naoyuki , Morimoto Masahiro , Konishi Koji , Nishimura Kazuo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy in combination with long-term androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk and very high-risk localized prostate cancer while also investigating factors associated with the therapeutic effect.

Methods
Men who fulfilled criteria for the National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk or very high-risk localized prostate cancer and were treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (74–78 Gy) of the prostate and the seminal vesicle combined with androgen deprivation therapy in our institution from 2007 to 2016 were identified (n = 197). In principle, patients received androgen deprivation therapy for 3–6 months before radiation, concurrently, and for 2 years after completion of intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Results
The median follow-up period was 96 months. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates in the overall population were 96.9% and 89.3%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year cumulative incidence rates of biochemical failure were 2.5% and 16.3% in the high-risk group, and 8.6% and 32.0% in the very high-risk group, respectively, indicating a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.023). Grade Group 5 and younger age (cutoff: 70 years old) were independent predictors of recurrence (P = 0.016 and 0.017, respectively). Patients exhibiting biochemical failure within &lt;18 months after completion of androgen deprivation therapy displayed an increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (P = 0.039) when contrasted with those who had a longer interval to biochemical failure.

Conclusions
Patients with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network very high-risk prostate cancer, particularly those with Grade Group 5 and younger age, showed worse outcomes following intensity-modulated radiation therapy and long-term androgen deprivation therapy.
Quality of life but not cachexia definitions are associated with overall survival in women with cervical cancer: a STROBE-compliant cohort study
Authors: Luvián-Morales Julissa , Delgadillo-González Merari , Castro-Eguiluz Denisse , Oñate-Ocaña Luis F , Cetina-Pérez Lucely 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer-related cachexia (CRC) has a profound impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL), and both were reported to be associated with overall survival (OS). We hypothesize that HRQL and CRC are associated with OS. This study analyzed the impact of CRC on HRQL and its prognostic value in women with cervical cancer (CC).

Methods
A cohort study including consecutive women with CC treated from October 2020 to October 2021 in a cancer center. Cox’s model defined the associations of immune, biochemical and nutritional parameters, clinical cachexia classifications and HRQL with OS.

Results
Two hundred forty-four consecutive women with CC were included. Cachexia classifications and several scales of the QLQ-C30 were associated with OS by bivariate but not by multivariate analysis. QLQ-CX24 scales were not associated with OS. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (hazard ratio (HR) 0.828; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.766–0.896), Food aversion (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.924–0.976), Eating difficulties (HR 1.041; 95% CI 1.013–1.071), Loss of control (HR 4.131; 95% CI 1.317–12.963), Forced self to eat (1.024; 95% CI 1.004–1.044) and Indigestion (HR 0.348; 95% CI 0.131–0.928) scales of the QLQ-CAX24 were independently associated with OS by multivariate analysis (p = 1.9×10−11).

Conclusion
This model permitted a clear stratification of prognostic subgroups. The PNI and several QLQ-CAX24 scales were associated with OS in women with CC. CRC, defined by several cachexia classifications, was not an independent prognostic factor. These findings require confirmation because of their possible diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications.
The prognostic nutritional index and several QLQ-CAX24 scales were associated with overall survival in women with cervical cancer. Cancer-related cachexia, defined by several cachexia classifications, was not an independent prognostic factor, neither The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage classifications.
Neonatal CD4+ T cells have a characteristic transcriptome and epigenome and respond to TCR stimulation with proliferation and yet a limited immune response
Authors: Kempis-Calanis Linda Aimara , Rodríguez-Jorge Otoniel , Gutiérrez-Reyna Darely Yarazeth , Ventura-Martínez Carlos Jesús , Spicuglia Salvatore , Medina-Rivera Alejandra , Thieffry Denis , González Aitor , Santana María Angélica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The adaptive immune response is coordinated by CD4+ T cells, which determine the type and strength of the immune response and the effector cells involved. It has been reported that CD4+ T cells are less responsive in neonates, leading to low activation of the cellular response and poor antibody production by B cells. This low response is essential for the tolerant window that favors birth transition from the sterile environment in the womb to the outside world but leaves neonates vulnerable to infection, which is still an important health issue. Neonates have a high morbidity and mortality rate due to infections, and the molecular reasons are still understudied. We asked whether the neonatal naive CD4+ T cells have a genomic program that predisposes them to a low response. Therefore, we evaluated the transcriptome and epigenome of human neonatal and adult naive CD4+ T cells. Our results point to a gene expression profile forming a distinct regulatory network in neonatal cells, which favors proliferation and a low T-cell response. Such expression profile is supported by a characteristic epigenetic landscape of neonatal CD4+ T cells, which correlates with the characteristic transcriptome of the neonatal cells. These results were confirmed by experiments showing a low response to activation signals, higher proliferation, and lower expression of cytokines of neonatal CD4+ T cells as compared to adult cells. Understanding this network could lead to novel vaccine formulations and better deal with life-threatening diseases during this highly vulnerable period of our lives.
Responses to Real-World and Hypothetical Menthol Flavor Bans Among US Young Adults Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes
Authors: Tam Jamie , Jimenez-Mendoza Evelyn , Buckell John , Sindelar Jody , Meza Rafael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Menthol cigarette bans have been implemented in some US states and localities, and a federal ban is being proposed by the FDA. This study asks how young adults who use menthol cigarettes respond to changes in menthol cigarette availability.

Aims and Methods
An online survey of young adults ages 18–34 who reported smoking menthol cigarettes on ≥7 of 30 days around Thanksgiving 2019 (n = 734), oversampling Massachusetts—the first state with a menthol ban. Participants reported their tobacco use behavior following real-world menthol cigarette bans or predicted their behavior under a hypothetical federal ban.

Results
Most respondents who exclusively smoked versus dual used with e-cigarettes continued smoking/using combustible tobacco following real-world bans (95.3% vs. 86.9%), accessing menthol cigarettes from other jurisdictions. Fewer who smoked exclusively responded by using e-cigarettes compared to those who dual used (3.9% vs. 43.7%). Quitting all tobacco use (ie, no smoking, vaping, or any tobacco use) was uncommon for both groups (3.6% vs. 9.0%). Under a hypothetical ban, majorities of those who exclusively smoke and who dual use predicted they would continue smoking (72.2% vs. 71.8%); fewer who smoke exclusively would use e-cigarettes compared to those who dual use (14.7% vs. 41.4%). Those who smoke exclusively were more likely to report quitting all tobacco compared to those who dual use (29.6% vs. 12.4%).

Conclusions
Under real-world and hypothetical menthol cigarette bans, most respondents continued smoking. However, more young adults continued smoking following real-world bans, reflecting the limitations of local/state restrictions when menthol cigarettes are available in other jurisdictions.

Implications
This survey asked young adults who use menthol cigarettes how they responded to real-world changes in the availability of menthol cigarettes; 89% reported continuing to smoke. Those who smoked exclusively were far less likely to respond by switching to e-cigarettes compared to people who dual used both products. Under a hypothetical federal menthol cigarette ban, 72% of young adults predicted that they would continue smoking. Quitting all tobacco was less common in the real-world scenario compared to the hypothetical ban. Access to menthol cigarettes in other jurisdictions and flavored cigars likely dampen the public health benefit of menthol cigarette bans.
Tobacco Imagery in Indian Over-the-Top (OTT) Media and Its Compliance With Existing Tobacco Laws: A Content Analysis
Authors: Pulicherla Naveen Kumar , Kodali Prakash Babu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Over-the-top (OTT) media are internet-based content delivery systems offering media services to the viewers bypassing the traditional broadcasting platforms. The OTT media, with limited regulatory oversight, can serve as a source of exposure to tobacco-promoting content.

Aims and Methods
This study analyzed the depiction of tobacco imagery in Indian OTT programs and assessed their compliance with existing Indian tobacco control policies. We conducted a content analysis of 28 purposively sampled OTT exclusive programs (14 movies and 14 web series) in India. Breathe California method was used to code the OTT content for tobacco imagery. We assessed the prevalence of tobacco imagery, its duration per episode or program, product placements, and brand appearances. We also evaluated OTT programs adherence to existing tobacco control policies in India.

Results
Tobacco imagery was identified in all of the web series and most OTT-exclusive movies. On average the web series depicted seven incidents of tobacco imagery per episode, whereas there were close to 19 incidents of tobacco imagery per movie. Ten minutes of OTT programming (including movies and web series) had on average 8.40 s of tobacco imagery. None of the OTT programs studied fully complied with Indian tobacco control policies.

Conclusions
Depiction of tobacco imagery in OTT exclusive programs is common in India. Streaming platforms need to comply with existing tobacco control policies. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen these policies and strictly enforce them to ensure tobacco-free mass media.

Implications
India has more than 267 million tobacco users and accounts for the largest share of smokeless tobacco use globally. OTT platforms are largely unregulated and are considered drivers for global tobacco use. This is one of the few studies examining tobacco imagery in Indian OTT content, reporting the gaps in tobacco control policies in India. This study documents the product placement of smokeless tobacco, duration of exposure to tobacco imagery, and empirically report the compliance of OTT platforms with Indian tobacco control policies. The study findings can aid in strengthening tobacco control policies in India.