bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release trial of captive-bred variable harlequin frogs Atelopus varius shows that frogs disperse rapidly, are difficult to recapture and do not readily regain skin toxicity
Authors: Klocke Blake , Garcés Orlando , Lassiter Elliot , Guerrel Jorge , Hertz Andreas , Illueca Estefany , Klaphake Eric , Linhoff Luke , Minbiole Kevin , Ross Heidi , Tasca Julia A. , Woodhams Douglas C. , Gratwicke Brian , Ibáñez Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVariable harlequin frogs Atelopus varius have declined significantly throughout their range as a result of infection with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). The Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project maintains an ex situ population of this Critically Endangered species. We conducted a release trial with surplus captive-bred A. varius individuals to improve our ability to monitor frog populations post-release, observe dispersal patterns after freeing them into the wild and learn about threats to released frogs, as well as to determine whether natural skin toxin defences of frogs could be restored inside mesocosms in the wild and to compare Bd dynamics in natural amphibian communities at the release site vs a non-release site. The 458 released frogs dispersed rapidly and were difficult to re-encounter unless they carried a radio transmitter. No frog was seen after 36 days following release. Thirty frogs were fitted with radio transmitters and only half were trackable by day 10. Tetrodotoxin was not detected in the skins of the frogs inside mesocosms for up to 79 days. Bd loads in other species present at sites were high prior to release and decreased over time in a pattern probably driven by weather. No differences were observed in Bd prevalence between the release and non-release sites. This trial showed that refinements of our methods and approaches are required to study captive Atelopus frogs released into wild conditions. We recommend continuing release trials of captive-bred frogs with post-release monitoring methods, using an adaptive management framework to advance the field of amphibian reintroduction ecology.
Genetic insights to assist management of the Critically Endangered hangul Cervus hanglu hanglu in the Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Narayan Sneha , Srivastava Tanushree , Sreedharan Gayathri , Panda Bapin K. , Hameed Javaid , Vasudevan Karthikeyan , Reddy P. Anuradha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe hangul Cervus hanglu hanglu, a Critically Endangered mountain ungulate of Jammu and Kashmir, India, faces the imminent threat of population loss and extinction. Effective management of its largest viable population in Dachigam National Park in the Kashmir Himalaya requires reliable demographic information. Using 14 microsatellite markers we identified 293 individuals (208 females and 85 males) through faecal analysis, and generated data on the genetic status and population size of the hangul in its winter habitat. The mean expected and observed heterozygosities of 0.62 and 0.59 are comparable to those of several red deer Cervus elaphus populations elsewhere. The effective population sizes were 46.3 and 93.7 when the frequencies of rare alleles were considered to be 0.050 and 0.010, respectively. The average mean kinship of the population was 0.34, and there was no evidence of a recent bottleneck event. In genetic mark–recapture analysis the best model included an effect of sex on both detection and recapture probabilities. Detection of males was highest in November, coinciding with the hangul breeding season, whereas detection of females was highest in December. Our estimate of the hangul population using genetic mark–recapture with bootstrapping was 394 individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use genetic data to estimate the population of the hangul. It will guide future studies of this subspecies and also serve as an impetus for identifying founder animals for captive breeding, and for connecting the population in Dachigam National Park with the other small, isolated populations to ensure the long-term survival of this subspecies.
What is the duration of untreated psychosis worldwide? – A meta-analysis of pooled mean and median time and regional trends and other correlates across 369 studies
Authors: Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Aymerich Claudia , Guinart Daniel , Catalan Ana , Alameda Luis , Trotta Giulia , Armendariz Alvaro , Martinez Baringo Estrella , Soler-Vidal Joan , Rubio Jose M. , Garrido-Torres Nathalia , Gómez-Vallejo Sandra , Kane John M. , Howes Oliver , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been associated with poor mental health outcomes. We aimed to meta-analytically estimate the mean and median DUP worldwide, evaluating also the influence of several moderating factors. This PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis searched for non-overlapping individual studies from inception until 9/12/2022, reporting mean ± s.d. or median DUP in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), without language restrictions. We conducted random-effect meta-analyses, stratified analyses, heterogeneity analyses, meta-regression analyses, and quality assessment (PROSPERO:CRD42020163640). From 12 461 citations, 369 studies were included. The mean DUP was 42.6 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI) 40.6–44.6, k = 283, n = 41 320), varying significantly across continents (p < 0.001). DUP was (in descending order) 70.0 weeks (95% CI 51.6–88.4, k = 11, n = 1508) in Africa; 48.8 weeks (95% CI 43.8–53.9, k = 73, n = 12 223) in Asia; 48.7 weeks (95% CI 43.0–54.4, k = 36, n = 5838) in North America; 38.6 weeks (95% CI 36.0–41.3, k = 145, n = 19 389) in Europe; 34.9 weeks (95% CI 23.0–46.9, k = 11, n = 1159) in South America and 28.0 weeks (95% CI 20.9–35.0, k = 6, n = 1203) in Australasia. There were differences depending on the income of countries: DUP was 48.4 weeks (95% CI 43.0–48.4, k = 58, n = 5635) in middle-low income countries and 41.2 weeks (95% CI 39.0–43.4, k = 222, n = 35 685) in high income countries. Longer DUP was significantly associated with older age (β = 0.836, p < 0.001), older publication year (β = 0.404, p = 0.038) and higher proportion of non-White FEP patients (β = 0.232, p < 0.001). Median DUP was 14 weeks (Interquartile range = 8.8–28.0, k = 206, n = 37 215). In conclusion, DUP is high throughout the world, with marked variation. Efforts to identify and intervene sooner in patients with FEP, and to promote global mental health and access to early intervention services (EIS) are critical, especially in developing countries.
Select or adjust? How information from early treatment stages boosts the prediction of non-response in internet-based depression treatment
Authors: Hammelrath Leona , Hilbert Kevin , Heinrich Manuel , Zagorscak Pavle , Knaevelsrud Christine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundInternet-based interventions produce comparable effectiveness rates as face-to-face therapy in treating depression. Still, more than half of patients do not respond to treatment. Machine learning (ML) methods could help to overcome these low response rates by predicting therapy outcomes on an individual level and tailoring treatment accordingly. Few studies implemented ML algorithms in internet-based depression treatment using baseline self-report data, but differing results hinder inferences on clinical practicability. This work compares algorithms using features gathered at baseline or early in treatment in their capability to predict non-response to a 6-week online program targeting depression.MethodsOur training and test sample encompassed 1270 and 318 individuals, respectively. We trained random forest algorithms on self-report and process features gathered at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment. Non-responders were defined as participants not fulfilling the criteria for reliable and clinically significant change on PHQ-9 post-treatment. Our benchmark models were logistic regressions trained on baseline PHQ-9 sum or PHQ-9 early change, using 100 iterations of randomly sampled 80/20 train-test-splits.ResultsBest performances were reached by our models involving early treatment characteristics (recall: 0.75–0.76; AUC: 0.71–0.77). Therapeutic alliance and early symptom change constituted the most important predictors. Models trained on baseline data were not significantly better than our benchmark.ConclusionsFair accuracies were only attainable by involving information from early treatment stages. In-treatment adaptation, instead of a priori selection, might constitute a more feasible approach for improving response when relying on easily accessible self-report features. Implementation trials are needed to determine clinical usefulness.
A cross-cultural perspective on God's personhood
Authors: Gupta Akshay 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDebates about God's personhood, or lack thereof, are central to philosophy of religion. This article aims to advance these debates by presenting the ‘greatness of personhood argument’ for God's personhood and a dilemma for those who deny God's personhood. I also consider various objections to this argument and this dilemma and argue that they fail. Notably, my reasoning in defence of personal theism is cross-cultural insofar as personal theists across various religious traditions can use it. Thus, this article defends personal theism in a manner that can bring Western and non-Western theists into closer dialogue regarding the topic of God's personhood.
OP104 Pilot Implementation Of Health Technology Assessment Topic Prioritization In The Philippines: Lessons And Plans For Moving Forward
Authors: Samonte Sheena Jasley , Liban Lara Alyssa , Mondala Princess Allyza , Angeles Jason Oliver , Cabus Russell , Reyes Patrick Wincy , Marfori Anne Julienne , Guerrero Anna Melissa ,   Health Technology Assessment Council
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Council in the Philippines carried out its process tracks while the implementing guidelines were being finalized in 2020, due to the urgent need to respond to COVID-19. Two years later, as mandated by the Universal Healthcare (UHC) law, we opened the nominations for the HTA Council’s topic priority list, which will be assessed to inform government financing decisions.MethodsWe adopted the former Philippine National Formulary System (PNFS) but set the prioritization criteria according to the decision framework stipulated by the UHC law and allowed industry submissions. We streamlined dossier completion for topics with numerous proponents, supplemented dossier deficiencies, and adjusted the timelines of crucial steps for better reach, while accounting for possible setbacks during the time periods. We satisfied the prioritization criteria using a Delphi technique at the HTA Council subcommittee and Core Committee levels in conjunction with consultations with the Department of Health and the national payer. We also shared evidence base and topic prioritization criteria scores with stakeholders during the public consultation.ResultsIn the pilot implementation, we processed a total of 140 nominations (88 complete submissions) and released the priority list in five months. After processing 31 appeals from all key stakeholder groups, the 2022 priority list covered 31 assessments based on topics from the Department of Health, the national payer, industry, hospitals, and medical societies. Although we found gaps in the set timelines, inadequacy in the prioritization criteria parameters, and the need to increase exposure of the public to the process, we were able to accommodate all stakeholder concerns and maintain flexibility in the process.ConclusionsWe need to update our HTA process guidelines, accept joint dossier submissions, and review our topic prioritization process. The changing health system landscape and transitioning of national health priorities require coordination with the Philippine Food and Drug Administration for horizon scanning, early HTA, and managed entry agreements. Finally, there is a need to create special pathways for rare disease and innovative technologies.
Primary Care Physicians’ and Hospitalists’ Experience with Advance Care Planning with South Asian Canadian Older Adults before and during COVID-19
Authors: Vashisht Avantika , Gutman Gloria , Mackey Dawn , de Vries Brian , Kaur Taranjot , Kwan Helen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFew older adults discuss their end-of-life care wishes with their physician, and even fewer minorities do this. We explored physicians’ experience with advance care planning (ACP) including the barriers/facilitating factors encountered when initiating/conducting ACP discussions with South Asians (SA), one of Canada’s largest minorities. Eleven primary care physicians (PC) and 11 hospitalists with ≥ 15 per cent SA patients ≥ 55 years of age were interviewed: 10 in 2020, 12 in 2021. Thematic analysis of transcripts indicated that cultural and communication barriers, physician’s specialization, SA older adults’ lack of ACP awareness, and decision-making deference to family and physicians were barriers to ACP discussions. Although the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physicians’ practices, contrary to our hypothesis most reported no change in frequency of ACP discussions. Although ACP discussions were viewed as best conducted by PC physicians, only 55 per cent had ACP training and only 64 per cent had used ACP tools. Training in ACP facilitation, concerning ACP tool usage, and training in patient–physician communication are recommended.
Leveraging a Sturdy Norm: How Ethicists Really Argue
Authors: DeGrazia David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRarely do everyday discussions of ethical issues invoke ethical theories. Even ethicists deploy ethical theories less frequently than one might expect. In my experience, the most powerful ethical arguments rarely appeal to an ethical theory. How is this possible? I contend that ethical argumentation can proceed successfully without invoking any ethical theory because the structure of good ethical argumentation involves leveraging a sturdy norm, where the norm is usually far more specific than a complete ethical theory. To illustrate this idea, I present the argumentative structure of five powerful articles in the ethics literature. I further argue that the present model of ethical argumentation is consistent with the coherence model of ethical justification, but the former need not--and usually should not--invoke the latter explicitly for various practical reasons.
Living Freedom: The Heautonomy of the Judgement of Taste
Authors: Zhouhuang Zhengmi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferent from the autonomy of understanding in cognition and the autonomy of practical reason in praxis, the heautonomy in the judgement of taste is reflexive. The reflexivity consists not only in the fact that the power of judgement legislates to its own usage but also, and more importantly, it legislates to itself through its own operative process. This normativity, based on the self-referential structure of pure aesthetic judgement and the a priori principle of subjective, internal purposiveness, can be regarded as a self-discovering and self-flourishing principle that organically grows out of the aesthetic experience and, at the same time, regulates its growth in return. In this scenario, aesthetic freedom can be identified as a third kind of freedom different from Kant’s transcendental freedom and practical freedom – a flexible and living freedom with spontaneous legislation, but not bound by any determinate laws.
Law and politics from the sea
Authors: Mann Itamar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent scholarship in law and society has engaged in novel ways with maritime spaces, articulating how they inform legal theory more broadly. This essay builds on such scholarship, and on a broad-brushed survey of maritime history, to make two basic arguments. First, a look at political and legal processes regarding maritime spaces reveals that law is transnational ‘all the way down’. Legal theorists often assume that transnational legal processes are an added layer beyond domestic and international law. But the maritime perspective reveals that transnationalism comes first, both analytically and historically, as a constant negotiation of the relationship between what is ‘inside’ and what is ‘outside’ a polity. Second, the maritime space begins, at least in dominant legal traditions, as an absolute exteriority – imagined as outside or beyond polities and jurisdictions. But with the climate crisis and the emergence of the Anthropocene we may observe an inversion, the sea now appears as a record of harmful human activity; a mirror showing a troublesome collective portrait of humanity. The inversion from a maritime exteriority to the intimacy of ubiquitous environmental harm defines the parameters of law and politics today. The essay concludes with reflections on how the maritime perspective may best be engaged today in responding to that image through political action. It conceptualizes what I call the ‘commonist lifeboat’ – a model of bottom-up universalism for tumultuous times.
A Log‐Ratio‐Based Algorithm for Petrologic Mass‐Balance Problems and Uncertainty Assessment
Authors: Prissel Kelsey , Olive Jean‐Arthur , Krawczynski Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe provide a new algorithm for mass‐balance calculations in petrology and geochemistry based on the log‐ratio approach championed initially by John Aitchison (e.g., Aitchison, 1982, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1982.tb01195.x; Aitchison, 1984, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01029316) along with the underlying principles, mathematical frameworks, and data requirements. Log‐ratio Inversion of Mixed End‐members (LIME) is written in MATLAB and calculates phase proportions in an experiment or rock given a bulk composition, the composition of each phase, and the associated compositional uncertainties. An important advantage of LIME is that performing the mass‐balance calculation in inverse log‐ratio space constrains phase proportions to be between 0 and 100 wt.%. Further, the resulting LIME phase proportions provide realistic estimates of uncertainty regardless of data distribution. These two characteristics of LIME improve upon standard multiple linear regression techniques, which may yield negative values for phase proportions if non‐constrained or report oversimplified symmetric errors. Primary applications of LIME include estimating phase abundances, calculating melting and metamorphic reaction stoichiometries, and checking for open system behavior in phase equilibria experiments. The technique presented here covers whole‐rock analysis, mineralogy, and phase abundance, but could be extended to isotopic tracers, trace element modeling, and regolith component un‐mixing. We highlight the importance of uncertainty estimations for phase abundances to the fields of petrology and geochemistry by comparing our results from LIME to previously published mass‐balance calculations. Furthermore, we present case studies that demonstrate the role of mass‐balance calculations in determining magma crystallinity and defining melting reactions.
Probing the Magnetospheric Generator of Quiet Electrostatic Auroral Arcs From Ground Based Optical Observations and Magnetosphere‐ionosphere Coupling Modeling
Authors: Echim M. , Lamy H. , Simon‐Wedlund C. , De Keyser J. , Cessateur G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObservations of a quiet electrostatic auroral arc by the ALIS network on 5 March 2008 are used to infer a two‐dimensional map of the flux of precipitating energy. Among a family of numerical solutions of a stationary magnetosphere—ionosphere coupling model in which the origin of the arc is a magnetospheric generator interface, we find which generator interface properties best fit the observed precipitating energy flux. The procedure finds that the plasma populations in the generator are colder and more rarefied on one side of the interface and warmer and denser on the other side, similar to a transition between plasma trough and plasma sheet plasmas. The increase of the arc's brightness, the decrease of its thickness and its slight spatial undulation may be driven by an increase of plasma sheet electron temperature in the tailward direction, tangential to the interface, and a local spatial indentation in the dawn‐ward direction.
Exploring Background Noise With a Large‐N Infrasound Array: Waterfalls, Thunderstorms, and Earthquakes
Authors: Scamfer L. T. , Anderson J. F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmbient infrasound noise contains an abundance of information that is typically overlooked due to limitations of typical infrasound arrays. To evaluate the ability of large‐N infrasound arrays to identify weak signals hidden in background noise, we examine data from a 22‐element array in central Idaho, USA, spanning 58 days using a standard beamforming method. Our results include nearly continuous detections of diverse weak signals from infrasonic radiators, sometimes at surprising distances. We observe infrasound from both local (8 km) and distant (195 km) waterfalls. Thunderstorms and earthquakes are also notable sources, with distant thunderstorm infrasound observed from ∼800 to 900 km away. Our findings show that large‐N infrasound arrays can detect very weak signals below instrument and environmental noise floors, including from multiple simultaneous sources, enabling new infrasound monitoring applications and helping map the composition of background noise wavefields.
Similarities and Differences in Arctic Sea‐Ice Loss During the Solar‐Forced Last Interglacial Warming (127 Kyr BP) and CO2‐Forced Future Warming
Authors: Sicard Marie , de Boer Agatha M. , Coxall Helen K. , Koenigk Torben , Karami Mehdi Pasha , Jakobsson Martin , O’Regan Matt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on a 7‐member global circulation model ensemble from CMIP6/PMIP4, we compare the regional distribution of Arctic sea ice between a simulation representing the Last Interglacial (LIG) climate, with solar‐forced warming, and an idealized future CO2‐forced simulation with a similar annual sea‐ice volume. The two simulations feature small but robust differences in the Central Arctic and Baffin Bay during summer, and larger differences at the sea‐ice margins in the sub‐Arctic Atlantic and North Pacific sectors during winter. Our results indicate that, under both forcings, sea ice persists north of Greenland until late summer, suggesting that the assumption that this region is the “Last Ice Area” is robust and holds for other climate states. However, we show that processes influencing sea‐ice distribution in winter, such as Atlantification and sea‐ice drift, differ and need to be further investigated.
Open Water in Sea Ice Causes High Bias in Polar Low‐Level Clouds in GFDL CM4
Authors: Li Xia , Tan Zhihong , Zheng Youtong , Bushuk Mitchell , Donner Leo J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) struggle to simulate polar clouds, especially low‐level clouds that contain supercooled liquid and closely interact with both the underlying surface and large‐scale atmosphere. Here we focus on GFDL's latest coupled GCM–CM4–and find that polar low‐level clouds are biased high compared to observations. The CM4 bias is largely due to moisture fluxes that occur within partially ice‐covered grid cells, which enhance low cloud formation in non‐summer seasons. In simulations where these fluxes are suppressed, it is found that open water with an areal fraction less than 5% dominates the formation of low‐level clouds and contributes to more than 50% of the total low‐level cloud response to open water within sea ice. These findings emphasize the importance of accurately modeling open water processes (e.g., sea ice lead‐atmosphere interactions) in the polar regions in GCMs.