bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic radiation at extreme angular velocity
Authors: Buzzegoli Matteo , Tuchin Kirill 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We consider a system rotating at extremely high angular velocity, so that its matter is found mostly at the light-cylinder. We posit that it can be described by quantum fields confined to the two-dimensional cylindrical surface rotating about its symmetry axis. We apply this model to study the electromagnetic radiation. In particular, we compute the photon spectrum emitted by the quark-gluon plasma.
Nicolai maps with four-fermion interactions
Authors: Casarin Lorenzo , Lechtenfeld Olaf , Rupprecht Maximilian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNicolai maps offer an alternative description of supersymmetric theories via nonlinear and nonlocal transformations characterized by the so-called ‘free-action’ and ‘determinant-matching’ conditions. The latter expresses the equality of the Jacobian determinant of the transformation with the one obtained by integrating out the fermions, which so far have been considered only to quadratic terms. We argue that such a restriction is not substantial, as Nicolai maps can be constructed for arbitrary nonlinear sigma models, which feature four-fermion interactions. The fermionic effective one-loop action then gets generalized to higher loops and the perturbative tree expansion of such Nicolai maps receives quantum corrections in the form of fermion loop decorations. The ‘free-action condition’ continues to hold for the classical map, but the ‘determinant-matching condition’ is extended to an infinite hierarchy in fermion loop order. After general considerations for sigma models in four dimensions, we specialize to the case ofℂPNsymmetric spaces and construct the associated Nicolai map. These sigma models admit a formulation with only quadratic fermions via an auxiliary vector field, which does not simplify our analysis.
Modular differential equations with movable poles and admissible RCFT characters
Authors: Das Arpit , Gowdigere Chethan N. , Mukhi Sunil , Santara Jagannath 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Studies of modular linear differential equations (MLDE) for the classification of rational CFT characters have been limited to the case where the coefficient functions (in monic form) have no poles, or poles at special points of moduli space. Here we initiate an exploration of the vast territory of MLDEs with two characters and any number of poles at arbitrary points of moduli space. We show how to parametrise the most general equation precisely and count its parameters. Eliminating logarithmic singularities at all the poles provides constraint equations for the accessory parameters. By taking suitable limits, we find recursion relations between solutions for different numbers of poles. The cases of one and two movable poles are examined in detail and compared with predictions based on quasi-characters to find complete agreement. We also comment on the limit of coincident poles. Finally we show that there exist genuine CFT corresponding to many of the newly-studied cases. We emphasise that the modular data is an output, rather than an input, of our approach.
Comparison of burr hole drainage and craniotomy for acute liquid epidural hematoma in pediatric patients
Authors: Ma Haozhi , Cui Qunjian , Wang Bo , Chen Junfeng , Wei Zhixuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the impact of burr hole drainage and craniotomy for acute liquid epidural hematoma (LEDH) in pediatric patients.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled pediatric patients with LEDH who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, China, between October 2011 and December 2019. According to the surgical procedure, patients were divided into the craniotomy group and the burr hole drainage group.

Results
A total of 21 pediatric patients were enrolled (14 males, aged 7.19 ± 2.77 years), including 13 cases in the burr hole drainage group and 8 patients in the craniotomy group. The operation time and hospitalization period in the burr hole drainage group were 33.38 ± 6.99 min and 9.85 ± 1.07 days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than that in the craniotomy group (74.25 ± 9.68 min and 13.38 ± 1.71 days, respectively; all p < 0.05). The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score after burr hole drainage was significantly improved than before (median: 15 vs 13, p < 0.05). No serious complications were observed in either group; one patient in the craniotomy group developed an infection at the incision point. All patients were conscious (GCS score was 15) at discharge.

Conclusion
Compared with craniotomy, burr hole drainage was associated with better clinical outcomes and early recovery in patients with LEDH.
Roboter und Aorta – Beginn einer neuen Freundschaft?
Authors: Rusch R. , Hoffmann G. , Berndt R. , Beckmann J. , Becker T. , Rusch M. 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn verschiedenen chirurgischen Disziplinen ist die roboterassistierte Chirurgie indikationsbezogen mittlerweile ein Standardverfahren. Obwohl frühzeitig roboterassistierte Eingriffe im Bereich der infrarenalen Aorta durchgeführt wurden, konnten sich diese Techniken jedoch bisher nicht im Bereich der vaskulären Chirurgie etablieren. In dieser Arbeit wird zunächst die Historie der roboterassistierten Aortenchirurgie (RAC) beschrieben. Es folgen die bisherigen Entwicklungen und Erfahrungen sowie die daraus entstandenen Techniken im Bereich der aortoiliakalen Verschlusskrankheit (AIOD) und des abdominellen Aortenaneurysmas (AAA). Danach werden die potenziellen Stärken und Schwächen der roboterassistierten Chirurgie und die möglichen Anwendungsgebiete in der Gefäßchirurgie diskutiert. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt bestehen bei der RAC noch regulatorische und finanzielle Hürden sowie eine unzureichende Evidenz, sodass sie aktuell nur als experimenteller Spezialeingriff an hoch spezialisierten Zentren eingestuft werden kann. Unabhängig davon besitzt die RAC perspektivisch angesichts der fortlaufenden Innovationen im Bereich robotischer Plattformen und Digitalisierung ein großes Potenzial.
Organized thrombus is a frequent underlying feature in culprit lesion morphology in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A study using optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ekström Kathrine , Jensen Maria Radu Juul , Holmvang Lene , Joshi Francis Richard , Iversen Allan Zeeberg , Madsen Per Lav , Olsen Niels Thue , Pedersen Frants , Sørensen Rikke , Tilsted Hans-Henrik , Engstrøm Thomas , Lønborg Jacob 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe concept that the culprit lesion in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is caused by sudden plaque rupture with acute thrombus formation has recently been challenged. While angiography is an old gold-standard for culprit identification it merely visualizes the lumen contour. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a detailed view of culprit features. Combined with myocardial edema on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), indicating acute ischemia and thus culprit location, we aimed to characterize culprit lesions using OCT. Patients with NSTEMI referred for angiography were prospectively enrolled. OCT was performed on angiographic stenoses ≥50% and on operator-suspected culprit lesions. Hierarchical OCT-culprit identifiers were defined in case of multiple unstable lesions, including OCT-defined thrombus age. An OCT-based definition of an organizing thrombus as corresponding to histological early healing stage was introduced. Lesions were classified as OCT-culprit or non-culprit, and characteristics compared. CMR was performed in a subset of patients. We included 65 patients with 97 lesions, of which 49 patients (75%) had 53 (54%) OCT-culprit lesions. The most common OCT-culprit identifiers were the presence of acute (66%) and organizing thrombus (19%). Plaque rupture was visible in 45% of OCT-culprit lesions. CMR performed in 38 patients revealed myocardial oedema in the corresponding territories of 67% of acute thrombi and 50% of organizing thrombi. A culprit lesion was identified by OCT in 75% patients with NSTEMI. Acute thrombus was the most frequent feature followed by organizing thrombus. Applying specific OCT-criteria to identify the culprit could prove valuable in ambiguous cases.
Why do we Need to go Digital? Process of Developing an Online Facilitator Training Platform for a Global Family Skills Programme for Drug Use Prevention
Authors: Haar Karin , Urlicic Mara , El-Khani Aala , Martinelli Giulia , Maalouf Wadih 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStrong Families is a programme developed for families living in challenged or stressful settings to prevent poor mental health and developmental outcomes, violence, and substance use. Facilitators are conventionally trained in person over two full days, by experienced international trainers. During the COVID-19 pandemic and due to travel restrictions, we developed an online course to deliver the content of the training manual electronically, with videos explaining the most difficult exercises, note taking functions and click and reveal activities to check their understanding. We further blended synchronous and asynchronous course formats to accommodate facilitators’ different time zones and work schedules. We tied two educational theories (Malcom Knowles theory of andragogy and Blooms taxonomy) into the Strong Families online course, to ensure learners are easily able to understand content, remember it and implement the gained skills within their communities. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process of the development of the Learning Management System and the Strong Families online course, as well as its benefits, key tools and essential considerations for replication through the UNODC multi-country and inter-disciplinary experience in digitalizing the Strong Family skills prevention tool to support other institutions interested in such a process, including in anticipation of future similar circumstances. To date, our online course has been made available in 10 languages, benefitting facilitators from 11 countries and the respective beneficiary families. Further impact evaluation, fidelity of implementation during national scale up and return on investment of integration of blended-learning concepts still need to be assessed.
Unsupervised item response theory models for assessing sample heterogeneity in patient-reported outcomes measures
Authors: Sajobi Tolulope T. , Sanusi Ridwan A. , Mayo Nancy E. , Sawatzky Richard , Kongsgaard Nielsen Lene , Sebille Veronique , Liu Juxin , Bohm Eric , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi , Norris Colleen M. , Wilton Stephen B. , James Matthew T. , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeUnsupervised item-response theory (IRT) models such as polytomous IRT based on recursive partitioning (IRTrees) and mixture IRT (MixIRT) models can be used to assess differential item functioning (DIF) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) when the covariates associated with DIF are unknown a priori. This study examines the consistency of results for IRTrees and MixIRT models.MethodsData were from 4478 individuals in the Alberta Provincial Project on Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease registry who received cardiac angiography in Alberta, Canada, and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression subscale items. The partial credit model (PCM) based on recursive partitioning (PCTree) and mixture PCM (MixPCM) were used to identify covariates associated with differential response patterns to HADS depression subscale items. Model covariates included demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) age was 64.5(15.7) years, and 3522(78.5%) patients were male. The PCTree identified 4 terminal nodes (subgroups) defined by smoking status, age, and body mass index. A 3-class PCM fits the data well. The MixPCM latent classes were defined by age, disease indication, smoking status, comorbid diabetes, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionPCTree and MixPCM were not consistent in detecting covariates associated with differential interpretations of PROM items. Future research will use computer simulations to assess these models’ Type I error and statistical power for identifying covariates associated with DIF.
Metagenomic and genomic analysis of heavy metal-tolerant and -resistant bacteria in resource islands in a semi-arid zone of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Herrera-Calderon Andrea Carolina , Leal Leslie , Suárez-Bautista Jeimy Daniela , Manotas-Viloria Hillary Sharid , Muñoz-García Andrea , Franco Diego , Arenas Nelson Enrique , Vanegas Javier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBacteria from resource islands can adapt to different extreme conditions in semi-arid regions. We aimed to determine the potential resistance and tolerance to heavy metals from the bacterial community under the canopy of three resource islands in a semi-arid zone of the Colombian Caribbean. Total DNA was extracted from soil and through a metagenomics approach, we identified genes related to heavy metal tolerance and resistance under the influence of drought and humidity conditions, as well as the presence or absence of vegetation. We characterized the genomes of bacterial isolates cultivated in the presence of four heavy metals. The abundances of genes related to heavy metal resistance and tolerance were favored by soil moisture and the presence of vegetation. We observed a high abundance of resistance genes (60.4%) for Cu, Zn, and Ni, while 39.6% represented tolerance. These genes positively correlated with clay and silt content, and negatively correlated with sand content. Resistance and tolerance were associated with detoxification mechanisms involving oxidoreductase enzymes, metalloproteases, and hydrolases, as well as transmembrane proteins involved in metal transport such as efflux pumps and ion transmembrane transporters. The Bacillus velezensis C3-3 and Cytobacillus gottheilii T106 isolates showed resistance to 5 mM of Cd, Co, Mn, and Ni through detoxification genes associated with ABC pumps, metal transport proteins, ion antiporter proteins, and import systems, among others. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of bacteria from resource islands in bioremediation processes of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Experimental study on monotonic to high-cyclic behaviour of sand-silt mixtures
Authors: Tafili Merita , Knittel Lukas , Gauger Vera , Wichtmann Torsten , Stutz Hans Henning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe naturally deposited soil usually does not consist of pure coarse or fine-grained soil but of a mixture of both. The mechanical behaviour of a saturated fine sand mixed with varying amounts of low-plastic fines was evaluated by monotonic as well as high-cyclic triaxial tests. The test results were used to conclude on the effect of fines content on the critical state, phase transformation line, secant Young’s modulus, the residual strain accumulation as well as strain amplitude during drained cycles of the mixtures in relation to the global void ratio as well as to the equivalent void ratio. It was found that while the choice of void ratio definition is important for the uniqueness of the critical void ratio, both approaches can be used as state variables for the phase transformation line. However, some seemingly contradictive results are found from the drained high-cyclic tests. Eventhough, an increase of the residual strain accumulation with decreasing fines content compared at the same initial equivalent void ratio is rendered by the laboratory data, a unique and on fines content independent relationship between $$\varepsilon ^{\rm{acc}}$$

ε
acc

could be established only with respect to the initial global void ratio.
Bildungsforschung – vernachlässigte Aspekte ihrer Geschichte am Beispiel der Theoriearbeit von Wolfgang Edelstein
Authors: Tenorth Heinz-Elmar 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gilt bisher wenig beachteten Aspekten der Geschichte der „Bildungsforschung“. Ausgehend von der Standardgeschichte, dass empirische Bildungsforschung im Berliner Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung seinen Ursprung habe und dort geprägt wurde, zeigt der Beitrag nicht nur den weiteren Kontext, der die primer in the field-These schon erschüttert, sondern auch die internen Konflikte und die Varianz im Konzept. Vor allem aber gilt die Analyse einer bis heute in ihrer komplexen Gestalt ignorierten Variante von Bildungsforschung, die Wolfgang Edelstein, seit der Gründung dem MPI eng verbunden, früh entwickelt, interdisziplinär konstituiert und kontinuierlich intensiv ausgearbeitet hat. Seine kritische Theorie der Bildung stellt eine Option dar, die den theoretischen Leerstellen der empirischen Bildungsforschung ein theoretisch gehaltvolles, gesellschaftskritisches, aber gleichwohl engagiert in empirischer Forschung verankertes Forschungsprogramm entgegenstellt.
Asymptotics for Christoffel functions associated to continuum Schrödinger operators
Authors: Eichinger Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe prove asymptotics of the Christoffel function, λL(ξ), of a continuum Schrödinger operator for points in the interior of the essential spectrum under some mild conditions on the spectral measure. It is shown that LλL(ξ) has a limit and that this limit is given by the Radon–Nikodym derivative of the spectral measure with respect to the Martin measure. Combining this with a recently developed local criterion for universality limits at scale λL(ξ), we compute universality limits for continuum Schrödinger operators at scale L and obtain clock spacing of the eigenvalues of the finite range truncations.
Adaptation and validation of an artificial intelligence based digital radiogrammetry tool for assessing bone health of indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes
Authors: Oza Chirantap , Antani Misha , Mondkar Shruti , Bhor Shital , Kajale Neha , Kajale Shilpa , Goel Pranay , Khadilkar Vaman , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
BoneXpert (BX) is an artificial intelligence software used primarily for bone age assessment. Besides, it can also be used to screen for bone health using the digital radiogrammetry tool called bone health index (BHI) for which normative reference values available are calculated from healthy European children. Due to ethnic difference in bone geometry, in a previous study, we generated reference curves based on healthy Indian children. The objectives of this study were: 1) To assess and compare bone health of Indian children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) using both European and Indian BHI SDS reference data and 2) To identify determinants of poor bone health in Indian children and youth with T1D by using BHI tool (based on BHI-SDS Indian reference data) of BX.

Method
The BHI was assessed retrospectively in 1159 subjects with T1D using digitalised left-hand x-rays and SDS were computed using European and Indian data. The demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemistry, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) data collection were performed using standard protocols and were extracted from hospital records.

Results
The BHI correlated well with DXA and pQCT parameters in subjects with T1D. BHI-SDS calculated using Indian reference data had better correlation with height and DXA parameters. 8.6% study participants had low (less than −2) BHI-SDS (Indian), with height SDS having significant effect. Subjects with low BHI-SDS were older, shorter and had higher duration of diabetes. They also had lower IGF1 and vitamin D concentrations, bone mineral density, and trabecular density. Female gender, increased duration of illness, poor glycaemic control, and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency were significant predictors of poor BHI-SDS.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the utility of digital radiogrammetry AI tool to screen for bone health of children with T1D and demonstrates and highlights the necessity of interpretation using ethnicity specific normative data.
Exploring the advances of single-cell RNA sequencing in thyroid cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Roy Sakshi , Ferreira Tomas , Ahluwalia Arjun , Guggilapu Saibaba , Javed Mahnoor , Asyura Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir , Adebusoye Favour Tope , Ramamoorthy Krishna , Paoletti Emma , Abdul-Rahman Toufik , Prykhodko Olha , Ovechkin Denys 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThyroid cancer, a prevalent form of endocrine malignancy, has witnessed a substantial increase in occurrence in recent decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of thyroid cancer at the single-cell level, this narrative review evaluates the applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in thyroid cancer research. ScRNA-seq has revolutionised the identification and characterisation of distinct cell subpopulations, cell-to-cell communications, and receptor interactions, revealing unprecedented heterogeneity and shedding light on novel biomarkers for therapeutic discovery. These findings aid in the construction of predictive models on disease prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Altogether, scRNA-seq has deepened our understanding of the tumour microenvironment immunologic insights, informing future studies in the development of effective personalised treatment for patients. Challenges and limitations of scRNA-seq, such as technical biases, financial barriers, and ethical concerns, are discussed. Advancements in computational methods, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL), and the importance of single-cell data sharing and collaborative efforts are highlighted. Future directions of scRNA-seq in thyroid cancer research include investigating intra-tumoral heterogeneity, integrating with other omics technologies, exploring the non-coding RNA landscape, and studying rare subtypes. Overall, scRNA-seq has transformed thyroid cancer research and holds immense potential for advancing personalised therapies and improving patient outcomes. Efforts to make this technology more accessible and cost-effective will be crucial to ensuring its widespread utilisation in healthcare.
Identification of the Shared Gene Signatures of HCK, NOG, RNF125 and Biological Mechanism in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Pediatric Sepsis
Authors: Xiao Ying-Ping , Cheng Yu-Cai , Chen Chun , Xue Hong-Man , Yang Mo , Lin Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe shared mechanisms between pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and pediatric sepsis are currently unclear. This study was aimed to explore the shared key genes of pediatric ALL and pediatric sepsis. The datasets involved were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between disease and control samples in GSE13904 and GSE79533 were intersected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and the boruta analyses were performed in GSE13904 and GSE79533 separately based on shared DEGs, and shared key genes were obtained by taking the intersection of sepsis-related key genes and ALL-related key genes. Three shared key genes (HCK, NOG, RNF125) were obtained, that have a good diagnostic value for both sepsis and ALL. The correlation between shared key genes and differentially expressed immune cells was higher in GSE13904 and conversely, the correlation of which was lower in GSE79533. Suggesting that the sharing key genes had a different impact on the immune environment in pediatric ALL and pediatric sepsis. We make the case that this study provides a new perspective to study the relationship between pediatric ALL and pediatric sepsis.