bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prospect of Detecting Volcanic Signatures on an ExoEarth Using Direct Imaging
Authors: Ostberg Colby M. , Guzewich Scott D. , Kane Stephen R. , Kohler Erika , Oman Luke D. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Richardson Jacob , Whelley Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has provided the first opportunity of studying the atmospheres of terrestrial exoplanets and estimating their surface conditions. Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars are currently inaccessible with JWST, however, and will have to be observed using the next generation of telescopes with direct-imaging capabilities. Detecting active volcanism on an Earth-like planet would be particularly valuable as it would provide insight into its interior and provide context for the commonality of the interior states of Earth and Venus. In this work, we used a climate model to simulate four exoEarths over eight years with ongoing large igneous province eruptions with outputs ranging from 1.8 to 60 Gt of sulfur dioxide. The atmospheric data from the simulations were used to model direct-imaging observations between 0.2 and 2.0 μm, producing reflectance spectra for every month of each exoEarth simulation. We calculated the amount of observation time required to detect each of the major absorption features in the spectra, and we identified the most prominent effects that volcanism had on the reflectance spectra. These effects include changes in the size of the O3, O2, and H2O absorption features and changes in the slope of the spectrum. Of these changes, we conclude that the most detectable and least ambiguous evidence of volcanism are changes in both O3 absorption and the slope of the spectrum.
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury: Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER). V. The Structure of M33 in Resolved Stellar Populations
Authors: Smercina Adam , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Williams Benjamin F. , Durbin Meredith J. , Lazzarini Margaret , Bell Eric F. , Choi Yumi , Dolphin Andrew , Gilbert Karoline , Guhathakurta Puragra , Koch Eric W. , Quirk Amanda C. N. , Rix Hans-Walter , Rosolowsky Erik , Seth Anil , Skillman Evan , Weisz Daniel R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of the structure of the Local Group flocculent spiral galaxy M33, as measured using the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury Triangulum Extended Region (PHATTER) survey. Leveraging the multiwavelength coverage of PHATTER, we find that the oldest populations are dominated by a smooth exponential disk with two distinct spiral arms and a classical central bar—completely distinct from what is seen in broadband optical imaging, and the first-ever confirmation of a bar in M33. We estimate a bar extent of ∼1 kpc. The two spiral arms are asymmetric in orientation and strength, and likely represent the innermost impact of the recent tidal interaction responsible for M33's warp at larger scales. The flocculent multiarmed morphology for which M33 is known is only visible in the young upper main-sequence population, which closely tracks the morphology of the interstellar medium. We investigate the stability of M33's disk, finding Q ∼ 1 over the majority of the disk. We fit multiple components to the old stellar density distribution and find that, when considering recent stellar kinematics, M33's bulk structure favors the inclusion of an accreted halo component, modeled as a broken power law. The best-fit halo has an outer power-law index of −3 and accurately describes observational evidence of M33's stellar halo from both resolved stellar spectroscopy in the disk and its stellar populations at large radius. Integrating this profile yields a total halo stellar mass of ∼5 × 108
M
⊙, for a stellar halo mass fraction of 16%, most of which resides in the innermost 2.5 kpc.
Coopération ou compétition technologiques : nouvelles frontières ou nouvelle mondialisation ?
Authors: Fried Tsiporah 
Published: October 2023

L’accélération des technologies, notamment dites « émergentes », contribue à une évolution radicale des enjeux géopolitiques, stratégiques, économiques et sociaux. La question du rapport paradoxal des frontières et des technologies se fait plus aigüe chaque jour : les États-Unis et la Chine se livrent à une compétition féroce pour garder de l’avance technologique ; de son côté, l’Europe consolide un arsenal juridique des technologies digitales, au détriment parfois de leur exploration et développement. La France fête les dix ans de son label French Tech qui incarne, davantage qu’une politique publique, un véritable écosystème dynamique de start-ups, ancré dans une ambition forte de réindustrialisation. La technologie qui, un temps, avait aboli les frontières, conduit-elle désormais à des politiques protectionnistes et au retour de ces mêmes frontières sous une forme virtuelle ? Ou l’ambition de souveraineté dans une mondialisation digitale est-elle déjà obsolète ?
Une France mondiale et maritime
Authors: Folliot Philippe 
Published: October 2023

L’ouvrage France-sur-Mer : un incroyable gâchis , revient sur le fossé entre les « paroles » et les « actes », entre la proclamation d’une souveraineté purement théorique et l’état dans lequel nous laissons nos territoires ultramarins. En effet, treize ans après la description de cet « empire oublié » qu’est la France-sur-Mer , le constat n’a pas changé. Pire, les mots et les concepts tels que la « puissance d’équilibre », « l’Indopacifique », ou la dimension maritime de la France sont galvaudés, souvent sans être suivis d’effets.
Israël, Territoires palestiniens : quels scénarios géopolitiques possibles ?
Authors: Dumont Gérard-François 
Published: October 2023

Avec onze guerres israélo-arabes depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale – sans oublier les multiples conflits du passé dont ceux explicatifs de la situation présente – le Proche-Orient est une terre très conflictuelle, les périodes de paix n’apparaissant que comme des parenthèses entre des épisodes de violences meurtrières. Tout se passe comme si la guerre était une fatalité inhérente à cette région et donc inarrêtable. Mais y aurait-il des scénarios géopolitiques alternatifs à cette fatalité ? Dans le contexte des paramètres géopolitiques de cette région qui seront d’abord analysés, que peut devenir le scénario d’une partition en deux États promus par l’ONU ? Y a-t-il un scénario alternatif ?
La vie chrétienne en Syrie. V e - VII e siècle
Authors: Marzin Élisée 
Published: October 2023

Le christianisme a gagné en importance malgré le fait de ne pas être la religion officielle de l’État. Le culte païen a persisté, nécessitant une gestion attentive. En 529, le décret de Justinien a rendu le paganisme illégal, restreignant la liberté de conscience. La structure ecclésiastique a généralement suivi le principe d’un seul évêque par cité, mais elle a rencontré des défis et des exceptions. Dans les régions chrétiennes bien établies, un réseau ecclésiastique dense assurait l’organisation et le soin pastoral. Une communauté chrétienne confessante existait déjà avant l’époque constantinienne, avec le monachisme comme prolongement du christianisme primitif. Des résidents ordinaires faisaient partie de la communauté laïque, et les nouveaux convertis montraient des niveaux de ferveur divers. De nombreux convertis du paganisme conservaient d’anciens rituels en raison des différences culturelles avec le monde biblique, les amenant à s’engager dans diverses formes de religion populaire.
Les mots de la narration histoire, récit, narration
Authors: Lecolle Michelle 
Published: October 2023

Cet article propose une cartographie sémantique des noms histoire, récit, narration, du point de vue de leurs réseaux de signification, de leurs relations sémantiques (synonymie, hyperonymie) et de leur polysémie, en s’appuyant sur des dictionnaires généraux et un dictionnaire de synonymes ; on se centre sur histoire, qui apparaît a priori moins spécialisé que les deux autres et plus polyvalent. En effet, tandis que les noms déverbaux récit et narration restent spécialisés dans le procès de relater, histoire étend son champ d’application au-delà, que ce soit du point de vue grammatical, phraséologique, ou sémantique.
South Asian dairy smallholders: A scoping review of practices and zoonoses
Authors: Schembri Emily , Campbell Angus J D , Villanueva-Cabezas Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To identify and discuss on-farm management practices linked to bacterial zoonosis risk in smallholder dairy farmers in South Asia.

Methods:
This scoping review was conducted as per the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five hundred and two publications were retrieved from five online databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were selected if they discussed a farm management practice which impacted human health within a South Asian country.

Results:
Twenty-two studies were included. Seven management practices relevant to farmers, livestock and their shared environment were identified including raw milk consumption, farm hygiene management, personal protective equipment uses, animal vaccination, cleaning udders, hand washing and disposal of afterbirth materials. Preventive practices were found to be utilized at lower frequencies compared to risk increasing practices. Awareness of bacterial zoonoses is particularly low within the region

Conclusions:
Based on the results of this review, it was determined that improving farmer awareness of bacterial zoonotic diseases may favor several of the presented leverage points within the South Asian smallholder dairy system. Relying on formal school education to improve this awareness may not solve this problem, instead, more focus on accessible and affordable zoonoses education and farming programs is required.
Enrichment of hydroalcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed with major components using TLC fingerprint, image analysis, and design of experiment studies
Authors: Dahiya Jyoti , Mangal Anupam K. , Bolleddu Rajesh , Dutta Sreya , Kharwar Surbhi , Hazra Kalyan , Prasad Peyyala Venkata Vara 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The seed of famous Indian spice Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Methi) of family Fabaceae is the source of a large number of chemical components and used in a number of herbal formulations as an extract. For the separation of these chemical components from the complex plant matrix, the development of an effective extraction method is necessary. The present study aimed to identify major chemical constituents in the fingerprint developed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and to design an optimized extraction process for the enrichment of Methi seed extract with the selected constituents.

METHODS:
TLC fingerprint along with the image analysis was used to find the major components depending upon the area under the curve. The independent variables and their range were identified by one-factor-at-a-time experiments. The selected range of variables was further optimized by response surface methodology using the design of experiment (DoE) study to develop an extraction method for the maximum recovery of the selected components. The analysis of variance was utilized to check the fit of the developed model on the basis of quality assessment parameters.

RESULTS:
The information generated in this study recommends the use of reflux method with 70.57 mL/g of 80% ethanol for 31.19 min at 69.76°C for the maximum extraction of major components from seeds.

CONCLUSION:
The developed extraction method can be used for lab scale extractions in plant drug standardization and scale-up extractions in herbal industries for the manufacturing of Methi seed formulations.
Comparative physicochemical analysis of Jalakumbhikshara prepared with water and cow urine
Authors: Patel Amisha P. , Bedarkar Prashant , Thakar Anup B. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Kshara preparation is one of the prominent and widely practiced dosage forms of Ayurveda specifically indicated for the management of Kaphaja Galaganda (goiter). Varied descriptions regarding method of preparation and type of Kshara are mentioned in classics. Sushruta Samhita mentions the use of either water or cow urine as the solvent. No pharmaceutico-analytical study has been documented on Jalakumbhikshara till date. The aim of this study was to prepare Jalakumbhikshara with water (JKW) and cow’s urine (JKC) and to evaluate their analytical profile by physicochemical analysis, chromatographic pattern, and spectral method (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
JKW and JKC were prepared by addition of six times of media (water or cow urine) to the ash of dried whole plant of Jalakumbhi followed by decantation and heating to dryness, which in turn is followed by analysis through physicochemical, sensory, spectral, and chromatographic methods.

RESULTS:
JKW and JKC were differentiable on the basis of color, taste, and smell. Physicochemical analysis of JKW and JKC reveals significant difference in ash value and water-soluble ash, whereas it shows insignificant difference in water-soluble extractives and acid-insoluble ash, respectively. Jalakumbhi Kshara prepared by water and cow urine predominantly contains 44.31%, 21.3% and 43.3%, 19.41% of potassium and chloride, respectively, with trace elements such as Na, Br, I, Cu, Mg, Ph, and Fe. Both the types of Kshara contain organic moieties, with comparatively 15.21% more organic content in Jalakumbhi Kshara prepared with cow’s urine.

CONCLUSION:
Change of extraction media for preparation of Jalakumbhi Kshara from water to cow urine alters organoleptic and physicochemical attributes of Kshara. Jalakumbhi Kshara prepared with water and cow’s urine has predominance of K and Cl ions. Cow’s urine is a better medium for extraction of inorganic alkaline earth elements in the preparation of Jalakumbhi Kshara than that of water.
Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of Jeevantyadi Avaleha
Authors: Lijima C. , Dei Laxmipriya , Harisha C. R. , Shukla Vinay J. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Good prenatal care includes the mother’s nutrition and healthy habits during pregnancy. Failure to supply adequate nutrition can lead to fetal malnutrition. Critical analysis of the dietetic guidelines mentioned in Ayurveda classics for pregnancy reveals that the recommended diet has Rasayana (rejuvenation) properties, which covers the additional nutritional needs. Jeevantyadi Avaleha is a formulated combination (Anubhoot yoga) of Jeevanti, Shatavari, Amalaki, Guduchi, Atibala, Draksha, Arjuna, and Sita; almost all of these have Sheeta veerya (cold potency), Madhura vipaka (sweet bio-transformed rasa) and Rasayana property. To properly evaluate the finished product from the perspectives of safety, efficacy, and quality, pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical analyses were done.

METHODS:

Jeevantyadi Avaleha was prepared after identification, authentication, and microscopic evaluation of raw drugs as per the standards mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. In pharmacognostical evaluation, organoleptic study and microscopy were done. In pharmaceutical evaluation, physicochemical analysis and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) were carried out. Physicochemical parameters namely loss on drying, pH value, water-soluble extract, and alcohol-soluble extract were tested.

RESULTS:
The diagnostic features obtained by microscopy were compared with the standards of the individual drugs mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. On HPTLC of the formulation, five spots were visualized at ultraviolet 254 nm and three spots at ultraviolet 366 nm.

CONCLUSION:
After assessing the pharmacognostical parameters, Jeevantyadi Avaleha was found to be genuine. This study’s results may be considered as the reference standard in future research proceedings.
Evaluation of accuracy between extraoral Gothic arch tracing and various other methods assessing horizontal condylar guidance angle in completely edentulous patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Potdukhe Shruti S. , Iyer Janani M. , Nadgere Jyoti B. 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the accuracy of different methods of measuring horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) angle in comparison with extraoral Gothic arch tracing for completely edentulous patients.

Settings and Design:
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Materials and Methods:
Two reviewers searched the EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases and the Google Scholar search engine for in vivo studies, randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, and quasi-experimental studies published from January 2005 to December 2022 on various other methods of determining HCG angle in completely edentulous patients compared with extraoral Gothic arch tracing method.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Meta-analysis was conducted from the reported quantitative data.

Results:
A total of 513 articles were obtained from different electronic databases, of which 22 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 20 studies were included for meta-analysis. For the right side, a statistically significant difference was observed for panoramic radiograph (P < 0.05, pooled mean difference = 5.08 [2.17, 7]) and cephalogram (P < 0.05, pooled mean difference = 10.65 [8.81, 12.49]), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) (P = 0.41, pooled mean difference = 4.39 [−6.10, 14.87]) and protrusive interocclusal wax record (P = 0.92, pooled mean difference = −0.45 [−9.62, 8.72]) as compared with extraoral Gothic arch tracing method. For the left side, a statistically significant difference was observed for panoramic radiograph (P < 0.05, pooled mean difference = 5.07 [1.95, 8.18]) and cephalogram (P < 0.05, pooled mean difference = 10.24 [8.65, 11.83]), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed for CBCT (P = 0.31, pooled mean difference = 4.05 [−3.74, 11.84]) and protrusive interocclusal wax record (P = 0.72, pooled mean difference = −1.21 [−7.86, 5.43]) as compared with extraoral Gothic arch tracing method.

Conclusion:
The cephalogram and panoramic radiograph obtained higher HCG angles in completely edentulous patients than extraoral Gothic arch tracing.
Las colecciones de tapicerías de los virreyes napolitanos durante su estancia italiana: un viaje de ida y vuelta
Authors: Ramírez Ruiz Victoria 
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo es la primera parte de un estudio más amplio sobre las colecciones de tapicerías en poder de distintos virreyes españoles, durante los años que ejercieron su cargo fuera de España.
El objetivo de esta primera parte es identificar, dentro de las colecciones de los virreyes españoles, los tapices flamencos adquiridos en Italia, especialmente en Nápoles, o aquellos que fueron importantes en la decoración de los palacios partenopeos, y la fortuna posterior de estas colecciones.
Simposio 6: Impacto neurocognitivo
Authors: Rueda Sergio 
Published: October 2023

El desarrollo cerebral comienza en la infancia y continúa hasta la edad adulta temprana. Desde el nacimiento aumenta la densidad de sinapsis, también un gran incremento del consumo de oxígeno y glucosa, y la mielinización. En esta etapa crítica del desarrollo cerebral es cuando se da la mayoría de los diagnósticos de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1).
La presencia de períodos de hiper e hipoglucemia hacen de esta, una etapa de alta vulnerabilidad para el normal desarrollo del sistema nervioso.
Simposio 9: Embarazo, epigenética y obesidad temprana
Authors: Ozuna Blanca 
Published: October 2023

En las últimas décadas, las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT: síndrome metabólico, obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 -DM-, hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares) se han convertido en la principal causa de morbimortalidad global, en particular la obesidad, considerada la epidemia global debido a su alta prevalencia y mayor severidad en niños y adolescentes de países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo.
A partir de la hipótesis de Barker (años 1980), se han desarrollado estudios epidemiológicos en humanos y estudios experimentales en animales de laboratorio, que demostraron la relación entre los estresores fetales intrauterinos y el desarrollo de enfermedades en la descendencia adulta. Los estresores fetales incluyen el exceso y la privación de nutrientes de la madre, la hipoxia, la adicción a drogas, al alcohol y el estrés emocional. Se ha determinado que la restricción temprana de crecimiento debido a estrés materno o insuficiencia placentaria puede resultar en el desarrollo de ECNT, depresión, esquizofrenia y otras condiciones. A través de los resultados de los estudios, se ha focalizado la atención en la idea de la programación del desarrollo durante la vida fetal como consecuencia del estrés materno o las complicaciones placentarias. Esta programación se relaciona con la plasticidad del desarrollo, definida como la capacidad de un organismo de desarrollarse de varias maneras, dependiendo del medio ambiente o de un entorno particular.
Simposio 9: Más allá de cambios de estilo de vida. Abordaje farmacológico
Authors: Caracotche Lidia 
Published: October 2023

La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en Pediatría aumentó drásticamente en las últimas décadas. Esto conlleva una mayor carga cardiometabólica, oncológica, psiquiátrica y en la calidad de vida en la adultez. Los datos de la pandemia de la COVID-19 agravaron la incidencia y prevalencia de la obesidad por cambios de hábitos alimentarios y por el sedentarismo.
Los objetivos en el tratamiento en Pediatría proponen una reducción de 0,2 en el score z-índice de masa corporal (IMC) (disminución del 5% en el IMC), con resultados clínicamente significativos. La estrategia inicial es optimizar la intervención en el estilo de vida y reducir las exposiciones ambientales. Sin embargo, queda un subgrupo de niños y adolescentes con obesidad severa que no responde a estos cambios, y que requiere el uso de fármacos seguros, efectivos y aprobados para este grupo etario. En la actualidad solo tres agentes farmacológicos están aprobados para uso en adolescentes mayores de 12 años y por más de 1 año de tratamiento: orlistat, fentermina y liraglutida.
Situación de la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus en Bolivia
Authors: Ribera Rima 
Published: October 2023

En 2001, la primera encuesta sobre diabetes mellitus (DM), obesidad e hipertensión en Bolivia en mayores de 25 años indicó una prevalencia total de DM en adultos de 7,2% (7,6% mujeres y 6,8% varones), con el 5,2% de DM diagnosticada en la encuesta y 2% con diagnóstico previo, además del 7,8% con intolerancia a la glucosa. El 60,7% con sobrepeso (56,6% varones y 64,7% mujeres), con diferencias por zona geográfica y sexo1.
Datos Municipales a 2018 muestran que las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENTs) se concentran en municipios con niveles socioeconómicos más altos, reforzando la idea de que la incidencia de estas enfermedades se relaciona con estilos de vida y otras causas socioeconómicas, más que con causas biológicas, teniendo mayor incidencia y desigualdad la hipertensión arterial y la DM2.
¿Podremos prevenir la diabetes mellitus tipo 1?
Authors: Frechtel Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es causada por la destrucción autoinmune de la célula β del páncreas; la rama celular representada por los linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ es la encargada de la muerte de las células β. La rama humoral representada por los linfocitos B son los encargados de producir autoanticuerpos (AAs) contra antígenos específicos como la glutamato decarboxilasa (GADA), fosfatasa de membrana celular (IA2A/ICA512A), zincT8 (zincT8A) y la molécula de insulina (IAA), marcadores del proceso autoinmune.
Estos AAs pueden detectarse previamente al comienzo clínico de la DM1 durante el período denominado prediabetes tipo 11.