bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting Marginal Demands in New Welfare Governance? China’s Contracting of Welfare Services in the Sectors of Disability and HIV/AIDS
Authors: Qu Yuanyuan , Enjuto Martinez Regina , Howell Jude 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since 2013, China has rolled out a policy to contract welfare services to non-governmental forces. This has stimulated a growing body of research on the change of China’s welfare governance. This article focuses on a topic that needs to be added, which is the variation of contracting across different service sectors and the operation of the policy in meeting the needs of marginal people. Based on policy analyses and in-depth interviews, we examine services contracting in the sectors of disability and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). We found a lack of services provision for the marginal groups in the general contracting of public service. Between the two sectors, we found variations in their definition of welfare services, institutional settings, and specific contracting practices. We argue that while contracting is often seen as a new welfare governance mechanism, it fails to revitalise social services and reproduces welfare inequalities across different groups in China.
Insights into historic and genetic relationships of diverse common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) genotypes based on whole-genome profiling
Authors: Korpelainen Helena , Lindén Leena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCommon lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) is a popular landscaping plant. Our aim was to obtain a large set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, to reveal the precise identities of the investigated S. vulgaris accessions, and to discover genetic relationships among them. The studied plant material included local Finnish, previously unidentified accessions, known reference cultivars, and so-called historical accessions i.e., old shrubs growing in historic cultural landscapes. We intended to verify cultivar names for some valuable local common lilac accessions and to provide insights into the history of common lilac cultivation in Finland. In the analyses, we used a set of 15,007 SNP markers. First, polymorphic information contents were calculated (mean 0.190, range 0.012–0.500 per marker). Then, to investigate genetic relationships among genotypes, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and a principal coordinate analysis was conducted. A Bayesian analysis of population structure was performed to determine the number and distribution of genetic clusters among samples. Genetic marker data combined with existing historical and phenotypic knowledge revealed novel information on the unidentified cultivars and on the genetic relationships among studied accessions and solved the arrival and early history of common lilac in Finland. Overall, such comprehensive genomic characterization and deep understanding of genetic relationships of S. vulgaris can be used when utilizing present cultivars and developing new ones in future breeding programs.
Masters of the Land: Native Ship and Canal Building During the Spanish-Aztec War
Authors: Fabian Kristian J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 1520, during the midst of the conquest of Mexico, Spanish conquistadors and their Native allies embarked on a massive naval project—the construction of 13 brigantines and a canal—needed to help conquer the aquatic city of Tenochtitlan. In the dominant historical literature on the war, the Spanish tend to receive most, if not all, of the credit for the success of the nautical program. The contributions of their Native allies by contrast are little-known and oft-overlooked in the historiography. Drawing on Spanish and Indigenous sources, this article highlights the vital roles that Native peoples played in the naval episode, whether it be felling timbers, carving wood, transporting logs, or excavating the canal. In addition to labor services, it also considers the importance of Indigenous ecological and hydrological expertise, and demonstrates how such knowledge played a pivotal role in the overall success of the enterprise. I argue, ultimately, that these contributions made the Native peoples, and not the Spanish, the true masters of the amphibious operation. Along the way, this essay seeks to contribute to several important strands of scholarship, chiefly the New Conquest History, environmental histories of New Spain, and the burgeoning literature on Indigenous knowledge production in Spanish America.
Muon Flux Variations Measured by Low‐Cost Portable Cosmic Ray Detectors and Their Correlation With Space Weather Activity
Authors: Mubashir A. , Ashok A. , Bourgeois A. G. , Chien Y. T. , Connors M. , Potdevin E. , He X. , Martens P. , Mikler A. , Perera A. G. U. , Sadykov V. , Sarsour M. , Sharma D. , Tiwari C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a comparison of the measured cosmic ray (CR) muon fluxes from two identical portable low‐cost detectors at different geolocations and their sensitivity to space weather events in real time. The first detector is installed at Mount Wilson Observatory, CA, USA (geomagnetic cutoff rigidity Rc ∼ 4.88 GV), and the second detector is running on the downtown campus of Georgia State University in Atlanta, GA, USA (Rc ∼ 3.65 GV). The variation of the detected muon fluxes is compared to the changes in the interplanetary solar wind parameters at the L1 Lagrange point and geomagnetic indexes. In particular, we have investigated the muon flux behavior during three major interplanetary shock events and geomagnetic disturbances that occurred during July and August of 2022. To validate the interpretation of the measured muon signals, we compare the muon fluxes to the measurement from the Oulu neutron monitor (NM, Rc ∼ 0.8 GV). The results of this analysis show that the muon detector installed at Mount Wilson Observatory demonstrates a stronger correlation with a high‐latitude NM. Both detectors typically observe a muon flux decrease during the arrival of interplanetary shocks and geomagnetic storms. Interestingly, the decrease could be observed several hours before the onset of the first considered interplanetary shocks at L1 at 2022‐07‐23 02:28:00 UT driven by the high‐speed Coronal Mass Ejection and related geomagnetic storm at 2022‐07‐23 03:59:00 UT. This effort represents an initial step toward establishing a global network of portable low‐cost CR muon detectors for monitoring the sensitivity of muon flux changes to space and terrestrial weather parameters.
Ion Density Climatology Based on FPMU Measurements on Board the International Space Station
Authors: Laranja Sophia R. , Fejer Bela G. , Ridenti Marco A. , Amorim J. , Swenson Charles M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe performed, for the first time, a season‐dependent geomagnetically quiet‐time climatology of mid‐ and low‐latitude ion densities during low and moderate solar flux conditions using Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) observations aboard the International Space Station (ISS) from 2008 to 2019. Our daytime observations indicate that the main characteristics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) at ∼400 km are consistent with those from other in situ and remote sensing probes. The FPMU daytime densities are also generally in good agreement with the corresponding results from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). However, the IRI does not reproduce the mid‐solar flux evening low‐latitude measured densities. In this period, the EIA exhibits strong longitude‐dependent crest‐to‐trough ratios and asymmetries due to the pre‐reversal enhancement (PRE) of the zonal electric field and thermospheric neutral winds. Our data also show strong structuring of the daytime and nighttime plasma densities. This includes a bulge, discussed for the first time here, in the EIA southern crest in the South Atlantic sector during the December solstice and equinox data, which we suggest being generated by the transport of plasma from the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA). We also highlight and show the evolution of a midlatitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) during the June solstice data in the North Atlantic sector. Our results give new insights into these two anomalies, where we show that they are stronger with increasing solar flux levels and that they last until the early morning. These latter results are not consistent with those from previous studies.
Joint Inversion of SPREE Receiver Functions and Surface Wave Dispersion Curves for 3‐D Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the U.S. Midcontinent Rift
Authors: Aleqabi G. I. , Wysession M. E. , Wiens D. A. , Shen W. , Van der Lee S. , Darbyshire F. A. , Frederiksen A. W. , Stein S. , Jurdy D. , Revenaugh J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBroadband seismograms from the EarthScope Transportable Array and Superior Province Rifting EarthScope Experiment (SPREE) deployments are used to map the crust and uppermost mantle structures beneath the failed Midcontinent Rift (MCR) of Minnesota/Wisconsin, USA. The results suggest the existence of a variable zone of mafic underplating that is up to 20 km thick (40–60 deep). We jointly invert receiver functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion curves to quantify the region's crustal and mantle shear‐wave velocity structure. Basin sediment thicknesses are mildly asymmetric about the rift axis, with thickest regions immediately beneath the rift. 3‐D modeling shows anomalous lower crust and crust‐mantle transitions beneath the MCR. Sub‐MCR crustal thicknesses are generally >50 km with lower crust Vs of 4.0–4.2 km/s. Away from the MCR, the crust is typically ∼40 km thick. Strong variations in apparent crustal thickness are found along the MCR, increasing significantly in places. An additional layer of shear velocities intermediate between typical lower crust and upper mantle velocities (4.1–4.6 km/s) exists beneath most of the MCR which is thickest beneath the rift axis and pinches out away from the rift. This structure corroborates previous proposals of the presence of an underplated layer near the Moho. Results cannot distinguish between different mechanisms of emplacement (e.g., mafic interfingering within a subsequently down‐dropped lower crust vs. development of a high‐density pyroxenitic residuum at the top of the mantle). Also observed are anomalously high (>4.7 km/s) sub‐rift shear‐wave velocities at ∼70–90‐km depths, suggesting the presence of cold, depleted upper mantle material.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Winter Diel Vertical Migration of Zooplankton and Nekton in the East China Shelf Seas Based on Multi‐Frequency Echosounder
Authors: Nie Lingyun , Li Jianchao , Liu Yang , Sun Peng , Ye Zhenjiang , Zhang Honghai , Zhu Liyan , Ma Shuyang , Zhang Wenchao , Tian Yongjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe diel vertical migration (DVM) of plankton and nekton plays an important role in the energy flow and material cycling of marine ecosystems. Especially in shelf seas, seasonal environmental variations may distinguish DVM characteristics in winter mixed water from summer pattern. Therefore, to investigate the patterns and influencing factors of winter DVM in East China Shelf Seas (ECSS), we carried out comprehensive research based on high‐resolution multi‐frequency acoustic data during the winter of 2019/2020. The results showed that: (a) acoustic and zooplankton sampling data can effectively capture the widely existence of winter DVM of different biological community in ECSS and their spatio‐temporal variabilities. (b) In East China Sea, the migration was mainly dominated by the Gas‐bearing class (GB), which had fast migration speed, compared to the Yellow Sea where the migration was dominated by the Fluid‐like class (FL). In addition, GB descends earlier than FL. (c) For large scale factors, during the full moon, the GB will aggregate deeper and the FL shallower, compared to the new moon, and regional temperature is an important factor affecting the distribution of organisms at meridional direction; for small scale processes, cold and warm currents and ocean fronts can also affect migration behavior. In the muddy area with full moon and spring tide, GB and FL show different inconsistent migration compared to normal relatively consistent pattern. These results will help us to better understand the physiological, ecological and environmental elements that control winter DVM, facilitating the management of ecosystem‐based fisheries resources.
Abnormal patterns of sleep and waking behaviors are accompanied by neocortical oscillation disturbances in an Ank3 mouse model of epilepsy-bipolar disorder comorbidity
Authors: Villacres Juan E. , Riveira Nicholas , Kim Sohmee , Colgin Laura L. , Noebels Jeffrey L. , Lopez Angel Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractANK3 is a leading bipolar disorder (BD) candidate gene in humans and provides a unique opportunity for studying epilepsy-BD comorbidity. Previous studies showed that deletion of Ank3-1b, a BD-associated variant of Ank3 in mice leads to increased firing threshold and diminished action potential dynamic range of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and absence epilepsy, thus providing a biological mechanism linking epilepsy and BD. To explore the behavioral overlap of these disorders, we characterized behavioral patterns of Ank3-1b KO mice during overnight home-cage activity and examined network activity during these behaviors using paired video and EEG recordings. Since PV interneurons contribute to the generation of high-frequency gamma oscillations, we anticipated changes in the power of neocortical EEG signals in the gamma frequency range (> 25 Hz) during behavioral states related to human BD symptoms, including abnormal sleep, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors. Ank3-1b KO mice exhibited an overall increase in slow gamma (~25-45 Hz) power compared to controls, and slow gamma power correlated with seizure phenotype severity across behaviors. During sleep, increased slow gamma power correlated with decreased time spent in the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. Seizures were more common during REM sleep compared to non-REM (NREM) sleep. We also found that Ank3-1b KO mice were hyperactive and exhibited a repetitive behavior phenotype that co-occurred with increased slow gamma power. Our results identify a novel EEG biomarker associating Ank3 genetic variation with BD and epilepsy and suggest modulation of gamma oscillations as a potential therapeutic target.
Inflammasome activity is controlled by ZBTB16-dependent SUMOylation of ASC
Authors: Dong Danfeng , Du Yuzhang , Fei Xuefeng , Yang Hao , Li Xiaofang , Yang Xiaobao , Ma Junrui , Huang Shu , Ma Zhihui , Zheng Juanjuan , Chan David W. , Shi Liyun , Li Yunqi , Irving Aaron T. , Yuan Xiangliang , Liu Xiangfan , Ni Peihua , Hu Yiqun , Meng Guangxun , Peng Yibing , Sadler Anthony , Xu Dakang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInflammasome activity is important for the immune response and is instrumental in numerous clinical conditions. Here we identify a mechanism that modulates the central Caspase-1 and NLR (Nod-like receptor) adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD). We show that the function of ASC in assembling the inflammasome is controlled by its modification with SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) and identify that the nuclear ZBTB16 (zinc-finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16) promotes this SUMOylation. The physiological significance of this activity is demonstrated through the reduction of acute inflammatory pathogenesis caused by a constitutive hyperactive inflammasome by ablating ZBTB16 in a mouse model of Muckle-Wells syndrome. Together our findings identify an further mechanism by which ZBTB16-dependent control of ASC SUMOylation assembles the inflammasome to promote this pro-inflammatory response.
Deciphering driver regulators of cell fate decisions from single-cell transcriptomics data with CEFCON
Authors: Wang Peizhuo , Wen Xiao , Li Han , Lang Peng , Li Shuya , Lei Yipin , Shu Hantao , Gao Lin , Zhao Dan , Zeng Jianyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle-cell technologies enable the dynamic analyses of cell fate mapping. However, capturing the gene regulatory relationships and identifying the driver factors that control cell fate decisions are still challenging. We present CEFCON, a network-based framework that first uses a graph neural network with attention mechanism to infer a cell-lineage-specific gene regulatory network (GRN) from single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and then models cell fate dynamics through network control theory to identify driver regulators and the associated gene modules, revealing their critical biological processes related to cell states. Extensive benchmarking tests consistently demonstrated the superiority of CEFCON in GRN construction, driver regulator identification, and gene module identification over baseline methods. When applied to the mouse hematopoietic stem cell differentiation data, CEFCON successfully identified driver regulators for three developmental lineages, which offered useful insights into their differentiation from a network control perspective. Overall, CEFCON provides a valuable tool for studying the underlying mechanisms of cell fate decisions from single-cell RNA-seq data.
3D microprinting of inorganic porous materials by chemical linking-induced solidification of nanocrystals
Authors: Song Minju , Kim Yoonkyum , Baek Du San , Kim Ho Young , Gu Da Hwi , Li Haiyang , Cunning Benjamin V. , Yang Seong Eun , Heo Seung Hwae , Lee Seunghyun , Kim Minhyuk , Lim June Sung , Jeong Hu Young , Yoo Jung-Woo , Joo Sang Hoon , Ruoff Rodney S. , Kim Jin Young , Son Jae Sung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) microprinting is considered a next-generation manufacturing process for the production of microscale components; however, the narrow range of suitable materials, which include mainly polymers, is a critical issue that limits the application of this process to functional inorganic materials. Herein, we develop a generalised microscale 3D printing method for the production of purely inorganic nanocrystal-based porous materials. Our process is designed to solidify all-inorganic nanocrystals via immediate dispersibility control and surface linking-induced interconnection in the nonsolvent linker bath and thereby creates multibranched gel networks. The process works with various inorganic materials, including metals, semiconductors, magnets, oxides, and multi-materials, not requiring organic binders or stereolithographic equipment. Filaments with a diameter of sub-10 μm are printed into designed complex 3D microarchitectures, which exhibit full nanocrystal functionality and high specific surface areas as well as hierarchical porous structures. This approach provides the platform technology for designing functional inorganics-based porous materials.
JOINTLY: interpretable joint clustering of single-cell transcriptomes
Authors: Møller Andreas Fønss , Madsen Jesper Grud Skat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (sxRNA-seq) is increasingly being used to characterise the transcriptomic state of cell types at homeostasis, during development and in disease. However, this is a challenging task, as biological effects can be masked by technical variation. Here, we present JOINTLY, an algorithm enabling joint clustering of sxRNA-seq datasets across batches. JOINTLY performs on par or better than state-of-the-art batch integration methods in clustering tasks and outperforms other intrinsically interpretable methods. We demonstrate that JOINTLY is robust against over-correction while retaining subtle cell state differences between biological conditions and highlight how the interpretation of JOINTLY can be used to annotate cell types and identify active signalling programs across cell types and pseudo-time. Finally, we use JOINTLY to construct a reference atlas of white adipose tissue (WATLAS), an expandable and comprehensive community resource, in which we describe four adipocyte subpopulations and map compositional changes in obesity and between depots.
ANKS1A regulates LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated cerebrovascular clearance in brain endothelial cells
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Lee Haeryung , Lee Hyein , Shin Miram , Shin Min-Gi , Seo Jinsoo , Lee Eun Jeong , Park Sun Ah , Park Soochul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrain endothelial LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is involved in the clearance of Aβ peptides across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we show that endothelial deficiency of ankyrin repeat and SAM domain containing 1 A (ANKS1A) reduces both the cell surface levels of LRP1 and the Aβ clearance across the BBB. Association of ANKS1A with the NPXY motifs of LRP1 facilitates the transport of LRP1 from the endoplasmic reticulum toward the cell surface. ANKS1A deficiency in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model results in exacerbated Aβ pathology followed by cognitive impairments. These deficits are reversible by gene therapy with brain endothelial-specific ANKS1A. In addition, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived BBBs (iBBBs) were generated from endothelial cells lacking ANKS1A or carrying the rs6930932 variant. Those iBBBs exhibit both reduced cell surface LRP1 and impaired Aβ clearance. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ANKS1A regulates LRP1-mediated Aβ clearance across the BBB.
Impact of the gut microbiome on immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in healthy controls and people living with HIV
Authors: Ray Shilpa , Narayanan Aswathy , Vesterbacka Jan , Blennow Ola , Chen Puran , Gao Yu , Gabarrini Giorgio , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Buggert Marcus , Manoharan Lokeshwaran , Chen Margaret Sällberg , Aleman Soo , Sönnerborg Anders , Nowak Piotr 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are generally safe and effective, in certain immunocompromised individuals they can elicit poor immunogenic responses. Among these individuals, people living with HIV (PLWH) have poor immunogenicity to several oral and parenteral vaccines. As the gut microbiome is known to affect vaccine immunogenicity, we investigated whether baseline gut microbiota predicts immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy controls and PLWH after two doses of BNT162b2. Individuals with high spike IgG titers and high spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 showed low α-diversity in the gut. Here, we investigated and presented initial evidence that the gut microbial composition influences the response to BNT162b2 in PLWH. From our predictive models, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium appeared to be microbial markers of individuals with higher spike IgG titers, while Cloacibacillus was associated with low spike IgG titers. We therefore propose that microbiome modulation could optimize immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.