bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the link between white matter lesions and neurodegeneration?
Authors: DeSilva Tara M 
Published: January 2024

What is the link between white matter lesions and neurodegeneration?
Tara M. DeSilva from the Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, examines the link between white matter lesions and neurodegeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technology that provides anatomical assessments of the brain to evaluate pathology. One such pathology is white matter lesions (Fig. 1 A, blue), primarily located around the ventricles. The ventricles are cavities within the brain that produce and transport cerebral spinal fluid surrounding and protecting the brain. The brain’s white matter (Fig. 1 A) houses myelinated neuronal axons (Fig. 1 B).
AI and modern experimental biology: A historical perspective
Authors: Deichmann Ute 
Published: January 2024

AI and modern experimental biology: A historical perspective
Ute Deichmann, Director of the Jacques Loeb Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, discusses the adoption and limitations of Artificial Intelligence within modern experimental biology. ‘How generative AI could disrupt scientific publishing.’ ‘ChatGPT use shows that the grant-application system is broken.’ ‘Companies say the technology will lead to faster drug development. Independent verification and clinical trials will determine whether the claim holds up.’ ‘AlphaFold touted as next big thing for drug discovery — but is it?’ These recent headlines from the journal Nature not only indicate the enormous impact of artificial intelligence (AI), the intelligence of machines or software, on research across various scientific disciplines but also point to challenges regarding AI reliability. What does intelligence here mean? The Cambridge Dictionary defines intelligence as ‘the ability to learn, understand, and make judgments or have opinions based on reason.’
The extent and impact of the opioid crisis in Canada
Authors: Buckley Norm 
Published: January 2024

The extent and impact of the opioid crisis in Canada
The opioid crisis in Canada has been an issue for nearly a quarter of a century. Here, Norm Buckley and Jason Busse from the Michael G DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, and the National Pain Centre discuss the issue, its effects both general and on specific communities, and what can be done about it. Over the past twenty-five or so years, there has been a remarkable arc in the medical use of opioids in Canada, from prescribing for only very specific instances (e.g., end-of-life care) to much more widespread use (e.g., chronic noncancer pain), and now there is greater reluctance to provide opioid analgesia. This coincides with growing awareness of the unmet need for chronic pain care and promotion of the use of opioids by commercial interests. Production of sustained-release forms of opioids containing large doses, along with widespread use, was associated with the diversion of prescription opioids into illicit or recreational markets, and opioid-related deaths began to be more frequently associated with these drugs rather than historic illicit drugs such as heroin.
Forage fish: Pacific herring in Alaska
Authors: Pegau W. Scott , Hoover Hayley , Suryan Robert M 
Published: January 2024

Forage fish: Pacific herring in Alaska
W. Scott Pegau and Hayley Hoover discuss the plight of forage fish, with a particular emphasis on understanding the lack of recovery of Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Pacific herring (Fig. 1) are food for fish, birds, and marine mammals and are an important subsistence and commercial fisheries resource. They are among the most numerous forage fishes in Prince William Sound, Alaska, yet their population is a small fraction of what it was in the late 1980s. The biomass dropped from around a peak of over 140 metric tons to about 20 metric tons in a few years in the early 1990s (Fig. 2). The drop was most likely the result of a disease outbreak. Since then, the population has remained around 20 metric tons except for a recent decline to about five metric tons.
Business and human rights in Japan: Progress and challenges of the Japanese government
Authors: Sugawara Emi 
Published: January 2024

Business and human rights in Japan: Progress and challenges of the Japanese government
Professor Emi Sugawara from Osaka University of Economics and Law, Faculty of International Studies, discusses government’s efforts to respect human rights in the supply chain. If the ultimate goal of the business and human rights movement is to realise a sustainable society in which no one’s human rights are left behind, then the role of the state, along with businesses, is important. According to UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), states have a duty to protect human rights by creating an environment that enables businesses to respect human rights, and this environment can be created through a smart mix of policies that are consistent from the perspectives of business and human rights. Noted, so what about Japan?
Harnessing nature for more sustainable food systems
Authors: Carr Ian , Wyss Markus 
Published: January 2024

Harnessing nature for more sustainable food systems
Markus Wyss and Ian Carr emphasize the importance of nature-positive innovations to address the pressing environmental challenges. We currently face extraordinary crises and challenges that can be resolved partly through innovative approaches to harnessing nature. The global population is predicted to increase to close to 10 billion people by 2050. In parallel, living standards increase, and consumption patterns change, leading to over-exploitation of natural resources and waste accumulation, including plastic waste. Global temperatures are increasing due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which starkly increases the risk of natural disasters. Regarding biodiversity, one million plant and animal species are under threat of extinction, and the actual species extinction rate is likely 1,000-fold higher than before human interference.
A wonder therapy for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lyu Shaw-Ruey 
Published: January 2024

A wonder therapy for knee osteoarthritis
Professor Shaw-Ruey Lyu from the Dalin Tzu-Chi Hospital discusses the benefits of arthroscopic cartilage regeneration facilitating procedure (ACRFP) as an alternative to traditional methods of treating knee OA. I have always been a conscientious orthopedic surgeon. I was trained in mainstream orthopedic medicine and had treated many patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) with all the available tools in the ‘mainstream medicine’ repertoire (Table 1). Traditional treatment often led patients to eventual knee replacement. That is proof that mainstream medicine cannot stop knee OA from deteriorating, and even lead to patients needing a knee replacement.
Revolutionising disease detection: The emergence of non-invasive VOC breathomics
Authors: Venkatesan Thirumalai Venky 
Published: January 2024

Revolutionising disease detection: The emergence of non-invasive VOC breathomics
Breathomics marks a revolutionary approach to disease detection by analyzing the chemical composition of exhaled breath. As the world recovers from the recent global health crises, the detection and management of pandemic diseases like COVID-19, RSV, and flu have come to the forefront. The COVID-19 pandemic alone has affected over 96 million people in the US, with a devastating count of more than a million fatalities. Similarly, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza (flu) collectively burden the healthcare system with millions of cases annually, leading to hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and tens of thousands of deaths. These staggering statistics underscore an urgent need for diagnostic methods that are not only swift and accurate but also non- invasive to facilitate rapid, widespread testing. Enter Breathomics—a revolutionary approach that analyzes the chemical composition of exhaled breath to detect diseases.
Responsible and ethical conduct of research: Principles to uphold
Authors: Swain Greg M 
Published: January 2024

Responsible and ethical conduct of research: Principles to uphold
Greg M. Swain, Professor of Chemistry at Michigan State University, emphasizes the importance of responsible and ethical conduct of research (RECR) in scientific progress. Responsible and ethical conduct of research (RECR) refers to the principles and practices that guide researchers in maintaining integrity, transparency, and accountability in all research and scholarship activities. Some of the principles are presented in the adjacent figure: honesty, openness, fairness, stewardship, and accountability.
Promoting fathers’ mental health and involvement
Authors: Da Costa Deborah 
Published: January 2024

Promoting fathers’ mental health and involvement
Promoting fathers’ mental health and father involvement – a call to action is given here by Deborah Da Costa, Ph.D., Associate Professor at the Department of Medicine, McGill University, and Scientist at McGill University Health Centre. Up to 1 in 10 fathers struggle with mental health difficulties during their partner’s pregnancy and/or the first year following the birth of their child. Depression is among the most commonly experienced mental health difficulties for fathers during this life stage. The use of a gender lens is important to recognize the signs of depression in men, as they can exhibit symptoms differently compared to women.
Understanding T lymphocytes inner workings to harness therapeutic potential
Authors: Berg Leslie J 
Published: January 2024

Understanding T lymphocytes inner workings to harness therapeutic potential
Leslie J. Berg, PhD from the University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, sheds light on understanding the inner workings of T lymphocytes to harness their therapeutic potential. In the past two decades, we have witnessed the powerful impact of years of research to uncover the mechanisms regulating our immune responses to infections. This research has revealed opportunities to harness our immune systems to fight cancers, leading to many therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The prevalence and impact of these treatments are highlighted by their descriptor, ‘immunotherapies’, now a common word familiar to the broader public. At the heart of this research is studying immune cells, including lymphocytes and myeloid cells, that implement our immune responses to pathogens, cancers, and self-tissues.
Role and value of space-based solar power technology in the UK’s transition to net zero
Authors: Strbac Goran 
Published: January 2024

Role and value of space-based solar power technology in the UK’s transition to net zero
Prof Goran Strbac, Prof Paul Mitcheson, Prof Eric Yeatman, Dr Danny Pudjianto and Dr Nunzio Pucci. The team at ICL’s Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering has analysed the system benefits and impact assessments of integrating space-based solar power (SBSP) into the UK’s future energy mix. The study aims to understand the operational benefits and value of SBSP displacing other low-carbon technologies and carbon infrastructure to meet the UK’s net-zero carbon emissions and energy resilience requirements. The study is conducted on a ‘future energy scenario’ for the 2050 system.
Turid Rustad: Navigating the seas of seafood processing
Authors: Rustad Turid 
Published: January 2024

Over the years, Rustad’s research expanded to encompass various fish- related projects, including freezing, salting, and the intricate dynamics of seafood quality during stress and slaughtering procedures. Today, she holds a professorship in biotechnology, with a primary focus on food science.
In this comprehensive discussion, Turid Rustad, professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology shares insights into her background in the realm of biotechnology and food science, the collaborative nature of her work, challenges in seafood processing, and her vision for the industry’s future. Rustad’s academic journey commenced in Trondheim, where she pursued a master’s degree in technology, specialising in chemistry and biochemistry. Subsequently, her path led to a Ph.D. focused on drying capelin mince. Over the years, Rustad’s research expanded to encompass various fish- related projects, including freezing, salting, and the intricate dynamics of seafood quality during stress and slaughtering procedures. Today, she holds a professorship in biotechnology, with a primary focus on food science.
Personalized medicine: ‘Tyranny of the gene’
Authors: Hays Priya 
Published: January 2024

Personalized medicine: ‘Tyranny of the gene’
Dr Priya Hays, Ph.D., CEO/Science Writer at Hays Documentation Specialists, LLC, responds to “Tyranny of the Gene.” Is personalized medicine a threat to public health? Not really, but yes, it’s an argument for price controls and perhaps more regulations; we hear. Tyranny of the Gene: Personalized Medicine’s Threat to Public Health, written by James Tabery and published by Alfred Knopf Publishers, was released in August 2023 and was featured in a New York Times Op-Ed. Tyranny of the Gene is a historical account of the origins and development of genomic and personalized medicine, shedding light on examples of unsavory scientific and medical experimentation during its early period intersecting with the eugenics movement and research behind the birth of pharmacogenomics. Tabery delves into its growth as a result of capitalist incentives for pursuing profits in industry rather than the goal of achieving effective patient care, which is the most often cited reason for seeking its implementation among its supporters. The nature-nurture debate takes a central stage in this book, creating a dichotomy that public health is environment-based (or nurture) and personalized medicine is the gene (or based on genetic predisposition or nature), with genetic reductionism playing a pivotal role in its rise, according to Tabery.
Sensory roles in reading skills: The print-to-speech model
Authors: Cullum Angela , Cummine Jacqueline 
Published: January 2024

Sensory roles in reading skills: The print-to-speech model
While it is easy to recognise the necessary role that vision plays in reading, it is important to know that many other senses contribute to the acquisition, refinement and maintenance of reading skills including sound, touch and motor coordination, to name just a few. Oral language is ubiquitous across cultures throughout human history. However, this is not the case for written language, which is, in an evolutionary sense, relatively new. As such, the human brain does not have a dedicated “reading system” and relies instead upon established neural networks and circuitry to build and refine the skills required for reading and writing (see (1) for a discussion of the neuronal recycling hypothesis for arithmetic and reading).
Confronting harassment and violence in Canadian workplaces: Insights and evolutions
Authors: Berlingieri Adriana , MacQuarrie Barb 
Published: January 2024

Confronting harassment and violence in Canadian workplaces: Insights and evolutions
Dr. Adriana Berlingieri, Research Associate and Barb MacQuarrie, Community Director at the Centre for Research & Education on Violence Against Women & Children in Canada, discuss the prevalence and impact of harassment and violence in the workplace. In Canada, every jurisdiction, including the federal level, ten provinces, and three territories, has enacted legislation to address harassment and violence at work. These laws are dynamic, reflecting ongoing efforts to ensure a safe working environment free from harassment and violence for all employees.
Evaluation of the Success of E-Log Book Implementation for Handline Fishing Gear at Bitung Fishing Port
Authors: Mujiyono Muhamad Kukuh , Mudzakir Abdul Kohar , Elfitasari Tita 
Published: January 2024

Ensure optimal and sustainable management of fishery resources and the preservation of fishery resources, accurate fisheries data is essential. One way to achieve this, is by using fishing log books. Improvements have been made by developing an electronic-based fishing log book (e-log book) that is Android-based, paperless, and capable of offline mode. However, an evaluation of the use of e-log books in the perspective of captains (users), has not been conducted. This research aims at assessing user satisfaction propensity and evaluating the extent of the success of the implementation of the e-log book for handline fishing gear at Bitung Fishing Port (PPS) using the DeLone and McLean model. The sampling method employed is purposive sampling, with 115 respondents consisting of handline captains who use e-log books. The research was carried out for 3 (three) months in January – March 2023.The data analysis was conducted using propensity test and PLS-SEM. The propensity test results indicate that the implementation of e-log books at Bitung Fishing Port is in the high category at 77.39%. The PLS-SEM analysis results indicate that out of the four proposed hypotheses, not all were supported and accepted. The quality of the system and service influences user satisfaction, and user satisfaction also affects net benefits. However, the quality of information does not impact user satisfaction. The conclusion drawn from this study depicts that, the satisfaction of handline fishing gear captains regarding the implementation of e-log books at Bitung Fishing Port is at a "high" level. Meanwhile, the e-log book application implementation still faces some challenges or aspects that need improvement to achieve the expected level of success.
Implementation Of Merdeka Curriculum In Public School In Menteng Central Jakarta
Authors: Gayatri Basuki  , Masduki Ahmad  , Siti Zulaikha   
Published: January 2024

Based on research by the Indonesia Ministry of Education from January to April 2021, 3,391 elementary school (SD) students from seven districts in four provinces experienced significant learning loss in both literacy and numeracy. Due to the pandemic the learning loss experienced for numeracy was equivalent to five months of study and literacy was equivalent to six months of study. Merdeka Curriculum is a new policy established to develop students' potential character. One of them is the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum which is carried out in two Public Elementary Schools, Central Jakarta. There were five research subjects: the principal, deputy principal for curriculum, and teachers. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. The research results show that schools welcome the Merdeka Curriculum because it is pro-child. School principals and teachers try their best, starting from preparing the curriculum, teaching modules, implementing the learning process, to evaluating student competency. In the Merdeka Curriculum there is character education based on Pancasila values. However, the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum was considered too hasty with a lack of socialization and training carried out by the education office and supervisors. Therefore, the Merdeka Curriculum needs to be prepared carefully by policy makers in order to prepare expert practitioners who can provide training directly according to teacher needs, so that teachers get clear information to develop themselves and improve their teaching abilities, as well as textbooks that should be adapted to student development.
Tourist Attraction Strategies In The Destination Development Stage For Tourism Village Sustainability
Authors: Martina Amernia Manaraja  , Haniek Listyorini  
Published: January 2024

The development of tourism villages in Indonesia is expected to improve the village economy and be sustainable. In reality, not all tourist villages can be sustainable through all stages of destination development. Central Java Province Tourism Board has reported that only 4 per cent of villages survive through all of destination development stages. However, previous research has little attention in exploring strategies for change and innovation in tourist attractions at each stage of destination development. The purpose of this study is to explore the strategy of developing tourist attractions in the pioneer, developing and developed stages in Lerep Village Tourism. The method used is interactive qualitative research, data was collected by in-depth interviews with informants, observation and documentation. The results showed that Lerep Tourism Village focused on the development of natural and cultural tourism attractions in the pioneer stages, then in the developing stage it is strengthened by the presence of traditional culinary markets, as well as artificial tourism. In the developed stage, Lerep Tourism Village issued natural and cultural tourism packages with the concept of eco-educational tourism, strengthening agricultural tradition events and innovations in developing welcome dances for tourism.
The views of parents and carers on managing acute otitis media in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: a qualitative study
Authors: Reath Jennifer S , O'Brien Sarah , Campbell Letitia , Gunasekera Hasantha , Tyson Claudette A , Askew Deborah A , Hu Wendy , Usherwood Tim , Kong Kelvin , Morris Peter , Leach Amanda J , Walsh Robyn , Abbott Penelope A 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the views of parents and carers regarding the management of acute otitis media in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who are at low risk of complications living in urban communities.Study designQualitative study; semi‐structured interviews and short telephone survey.Setting, participantsInterviews: purposive sample of parents and carers of urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (18 months – 16 years old) screened in Aboriginal medical services in Queensland, New South Wales, and Canberra for the WATCH study, a randomised controlled trial that compared immediate antibiotic therapy with watchful waiting for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with acute otitis media. Survey: parents and carers recruited for the WATCH trial who had completed week two WATCH surveys.ResultsWe interviewed twenty‐two parents and carers, including ten who had declined participation in or whose children were ineligible for the WATCH trial. Some interviewees preferred antibiotics for managing acute otitis media, others preferred watchful waiting, expressing concerns about side effects and reduced efficacy with overuse of antibiotics. Factors that influenced this preference included the severity, duration, and recurrence of infection, and knowledge about management gained during the trial and from personal and often multigenerational experience of ear disease. Participants highlighted the importance of shared decision making by parents and carers and their doctors. Parents and carers of 165 of 262 WATCH participants completed telephone surveys (63%); 81 were undecided about whether antibiotics should always be used for treating acute otitis media. Open‐ended responses indicated that antibiotic use should be determined by clinical need, support for general practitioners’ decisions, and the view that some general practitioners prescribed antibiotics too often.ConclusionsParents and carers are key partners in managing acute otitis media in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Our findings support shared decision making informed by the experience of parents and carers, which could also lead to reduced antibiotic use for managing acute otitis media.