bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharing Empirical Knowledge to Improve Breastfeeding Promotion and Support: Description of a Research Dissemination Project
Authors: Loiselle Carmen G. , Semenic Sonia , Côté Brigitte 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Background: Effective transfer of research findings to health care settings is a shared priority among researchers, clinicians, and decision makers. A multidisciplinary, multi‐method investigation conducted in 2001 that explored breastfeeding practices and support within a large immigrant community in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, bore numerous implications for practice. Peer‐reviewed funding was subsequently granted to support dissemination of these findings to relevant stakeholders. Method: Key steps in implementing this research dissemination project included (1) identifying and attracting target audiences from hospitals, community health settings, and government agencies; (2) tailoring tools for communication of research findings to the various needs of audiences; (3) designing interactive workshops to facilitate knowledge uptake; and (4) integrating the project outcomes within a government‐sponsored regional breastfeeding committee for longer‐term impact. Findings: Despite organizational challenges, more than 90 health care providers, decision makers, and breastfeeding support volunteers participated in the project workshops. Through feedback loops, the dissemination activities contributed new layers of understanding to the original research findings. The activities also engaged audience members to identify more effective breastfeeding support interventions and led to the adoption of breastfeeding support priorities shared by hospital, community, and government stakeholders. Conclusion: This dissemination project provided unique opportunities for researchers and stakeholders to share in the interpretation of research findings and to strategically plan for future interventions to promote and support breastfeeding within ethnically diverse communities. Further research dissemination work should continue to be theoretically grounded, include systematic, long‐term assessment of dissemination outcomes, and be adequately financed throughout.
A Highly Polymorphic Poly‐Glutamine Stretch in the Potassium Channel KCNN3 in Migraine
Authors: Mössner Rainald , Weichselbaum Annette , Marziniak Martin , Freitag Christine M , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Sommer Claudia , Meyer Jobst 
Published: February 2005

Objective.—The present study is designed to further elucidate the molecular genetic basis of migraine with and without aura.Background.—Migraine is a common disease of as yet unknown etiology. Interest in ion channels in migraine has been spurred by molecular genetic findings in familial hemiplegic migraine, since familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 is caused by mutations in the calcium channel gene CACNA1A.Methods.—Given this role of ion channels in migraine, we assessed the potassium channel KCNN3 as a candidate gene for common migraine. We analyzed the highly polymorphic repeat region coding for a poly‐glutamine stretch, which constitutes part of the cytoplasmic tail of the channel protein.Results.—We found an excess of the allele coding for 15 poly‐glutamines in migraine patients.Conclusions.—The potassium channel KCNN3 may thus be of pathophysiological importance in migraine with and without aura.
Reproductive Decision‐Making Among HIV‐Positive Couples in Taiwan
Authors: Ko Nai‐Ying , Muecke Marjorie 
Published: February 2005

Purpose:

To explore the gender‐based power relationships and social and cultural influences on reproductive decision‐making processes among HIV‐positive couples in Taiwan.
Methods:

The study sample consisted of 14 HIV‐positive couples in southern Taiwan. Data were analyzed using feminist ethnography to explore reproductive decisions made by these couples within the context of Taiwanese society.
Findings:

Self‐knowledge of HIV status had a limited influence on decisions about childbearing. More important was the Confucian values of filial piety and familial obligation, a powerful norm that still dictates procreation decisions in Taiwan. The process by which the couples made reproductive decisions consisted of four stages: initial reproductive decisions between partners, their search for information, their encounters with medical systems, and their weighing risks and benefits. Male and female partners expressed different concerns, and gender‐based power relationships were exercised during the decision‐making process.
Conclusions:

HIV status was not the sole determinant of reproductive decisions made by HIV‐positive couples. Rather, the Confucian value of filial piety drove the couples' reproductive decisions.
Activation of coagulation and hyperfibrinolysis in patients with aortic arch atheromatosis (Aortic AA) as a risk factor for cerebral ischemia
Authors: Mirau Wladimir , Brueckner Sabine , Jahn Juergen , Roth-Isigkeit Angela , Gutsche Sven , Mitusch Rolf , Sheikhzadeh Abdolhamid , Siemens Hans-Joachim G. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryIn patients with cerebral ischemia, a frequent finding is atheromatous plaques in the ascending aorta and the aortic arch. Since we were able to demonstrate that patients with atrial fibrillation have an increased coagulatory activity, we wanted to evaluate a potential systemic activation of the coagulatory system in patients with aortic arch atheromatosis (Aortic AA). In 134 consecutive patients, we determined several parameters of the co-agulatory and fibrinolytic systems as well as several thrombophilia risk factors and compared the results with 134 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In 90 of the 134 patients, transesophageal echocardiography showed Aortic AA, and in the remaining 44 patients, there were no aortic findings. The Aortic AA group showed higher concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (PAP). Further division into 4 subgroups of different severity (grade I: no plaques; grade II: plaques 2–5 mm, grade III: plaques > 5 mm, grade IV: mobile plaques), revealed increasing concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimers and tissue-type plasminogen activator. The grade IV-group displayed the highest values in comparison to all other groups. In conclusion, Aortic AA as such is a risk factor for cerebral ischemia. It causes a systemically detectable activation of coagulation which substantially exceeds the values for controls. This observation is in accordance with our findings in patients with atrial fibrillation.
The epidemiology of college alcohol and gambling policies
Authors: Shaffer Howard J , Donato Anthony N , LaBrie Richard A , Kidman Rachel C , LaPlante Debi A 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
This article reports the first national assessment of patterns of drinking and gambling-related rulemaking on college campuses (e.g., punitive versus recovery oriented). Analyses relating school policies to known school rates of drinking or gambling identified potentially influential policies. These results can inform and encourage the development of guidelines, or "best practices," upon which schools can base future policy.

Methods
The college policy information was collected from handbooks, Web sites and supplemental materials of 119 scientifically selected colleges included in the fourth (2001) Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS). A coding instrument of 40 items measured the scope and focus of school alcohol and gambling policies. This instrument included items to measure the presence of specific policies and establish whether the policies were punitive or rehabilitative. A total of 11 coders followed a process of information extraction, coding and arbitration used successfully in other published studies to codify policy information.

Results
Although all schools had a student alcohol use policy, only 26 schools (22%) had a gambling policy. Punitive and restrictive alcohol policies were most prevalent; recovery-oriented policies were present at fewer than 30% of schools. Certain alcohol and gambling policies had significant relationships with student binge drinking rates.

Conclusions
The relative lack of college recovery-oriented policies suggests that schools might be overlooking the value of rehabilitative measures in reducing addictive behaviors among students. Since there are few college gambling-related policies, schools might be missing an opportunity to inform students about the dangers of excessive gambling.
An Improved Method for Determination of the Cavitation Erosion Resistance by a Weibull Distribution
Authors: Meged Y 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The improved method for determination of cavitation erosion resistance is based on the erosion strength concept and the Weibull cumulative distribution function. Cavitation erosion resistance is the ratio between the erosion intensity, which is the external load, and the erosion rate, which is the response of the eroded material. The time at which this erosion rate is determined is t200, i.e., when the average eroded thickness reaches 200 µm. This time ensures that the cavitation erosion resistance of both the boundary layer and the base material can be determined. The improved method is simple, easy to apply, and overcomes the drawbacks of the normalized erosion method and the erosion strength method. In this case, cavitation erosion resistance is an independent, measurable value with units of stress.
A New Test Method and Pictorial Markings for Packages Containing Liquid Dangerous Goods in High Altitude Shipments
Authors: Singh SP , Burgess GJ , Singh J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Serious accidents have occurred over the past decade as a result of package failures during high altitude shipments on aircraft. Dangerous goods require sturdier packages since their contents can result in life-threatening incidents if exposed to the environment. High altitude shipments are encountered when trucks travel over mountain passes or when cargo and feeder aircraft transport packages in non-pressurized or partially-pressurized cargo holds. Both types of transport methods result in severe drops in pressure compared to packages transported close to sea level. The testing of packages under these conditions is critical since package integrity must be improved. Current shipping tests performed in test labs do not account for pressure changes and vibration together. This paper proposes a new test method to simulate package conditions in high altitude shipments by subjecting the package to simultaneous vibration and low pressure. It also recommends pictorial markings be used on packages to show whether or not they meet the air and ground shipping requirements.
Detailed clinical description of four patients with 1.3 and 2.1 Mb chromosome imbalances derived from a familial t(12;17)(q24.33;q25.3)
Authors: Schoumans Jacqueline , Sanner Gunnar , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Anderlid Britt‐Marie 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe describe a family carrying a submicroscopic reciprocal translocation involving 12qter and 17qter detected by subtelomeric FISH analysis. Four family members inherited unbalanced variants‐two cases inherited the derivative chromosome 12 and the other two the derivative chromosome 17. The two individuals with the derivative chromosome 17 showed a distinct phenotype with mild mental retardation in combination with multiple minor malformations, while the phenotype in the cases with the derivative chromosome 12 was milder and only partly concordant. Detailed FISH analysis using 19 BAC clones covering the distal part of chromosome 12q and 17q estimated the imbalances to 2.1 and 1.3 Mb, respectively. The clinical and cytogenetic findings of the two different genotypes are reported and discussed. This family illustrates that small chromosome imbalances can be detected in individuals with mild phenotype and normal, or near‐normal, cognitive functions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soluble novel optically active poly(amide–imide)s derived from N,N′‐(4,4′‐oxydiphthaloyl)‐bis‐L‐leucine diacid chloride and various aromatic diamines: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Kowsari Elaheh 
Published: February 2005

Abstract4,4′‐Oxydiphthalic anhydride (1) was reacted with L‐leucine (2) in acetic acid, and the resulting imide‐acid (3) was obtained in high yield. The diacid chloride (4) was obtained from diacid derivative (3) by reaction with thionyl chloride. The polycondensation reaction of diacid chloride (4) with several aromatic diamines, such as 4,4′‐sulfonyldianiline (5a), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (5b), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether (5c), p‐phenylenediamine (5d), m‐phenylenediamine (5e), and 4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl (5f), was performed by two conventional methods: low temperature solution polycondensation and short period reflux conditions. To compare conventional solution polycondensation reaction methods with microwave‐assisted polycondensation, the reactions were also carried out under microwave conditions in the presence of a small amount of o‐cresol that acts as a primary microwave absorber. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 6 min with 100% of radiation power. Several new optically active poly(amide–imide)s with inherent viscosity ranging from 0.25–0.52 dL/g were obtained with high yield. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by IR, elemental analyses, and specific rotation techniques. Some structural characterizations and physical properties of these new optically active poly(amide–imide)s are reported. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 435–442, 2005
Effect of carbon black on properties of rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Maiti Madhuchhanda , Sadhu Susmita , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPolymer based nanocomposites were prepared using brominated poly(isobutylene‐co‐paramethylstyrene) (BIMS) rubber and octadecyl amine modified montmorillonite nanoclay. The effect of nature and loading of carbon black on these nanocomposites and the control BIMS was investigated thoroughly using X‐ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical properties. The addition of 4 parts of the modified nanoclay to 20 phr N550 carbon black filled samples increased the tensile strength by 53%. Out of the three different grades of carbon black (N330, N550, and N660), N550 showed the best effect of nanoclay. Optimum results were obtained with the 20 phr filler loading. For comparison, china clay and silica at the same loading were used. Fifty‐six and 46% improvements in tensile strength were achieved with 4 parts of nanoclay added to the silica and the china clay filled samples, respectively. N330 carbon black (20 parts) filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) based nanocomposite registered 20% higher tensile strength with 4 parts of the modified nanoclay. In all the above carbon black filled nanocomposites, the modulus was improved in the range of 30 to 125%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 443–451, 2005
Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy applied to metmyoglobin and a 4‐α‐helix bundle carboprotein
Authors: Thulstrup Peter W. , Brask Jesper , Jensen Knud J. , Larsen Erik 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe novel technique, synchrotron radiation‐based circular dichroism (SR‐CD), has been applied to the study of metmyoglobin and a carboprotein (carbohydrate‐based peptide with protein tertiary structure) with 4‐α‐helix bundle structure, as well as a carbopeptide (carbohydrate‐based peptide) with a truncated peptide sequence. The use of synchroton radiation (SR) enabled circular dichroism (CD) measurements in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) down to 168 nm in D2O and 160 nm in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE). The band shape in the CD spectra in the low wavelength region was studied, comparing samples with two types of α‐helical tertiary structure, namely the globin fold and the 4‐α‐helix bundle motif. No significant differences were found between the CD spectra of the α‐helical samples (metmyoglobin and carboprotein) in D2O solution. The use of 2,2,2‐TFE (TFE) as solvent clearly alters the VUV CD but the two samples have very similar CD spectra. The solvent‐induced denaturing of metmyoglobin in TFE was observed using absorption and CD spectroscopy of the Soret band, with results indicating heme release. The VUV spectrum of TFE‐denatured metmyoglobin exhibits dramatic differences in comparison with previous studies of the native enzyme in aqueous solution. The implications of this observation are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 46–52, 2005
Synthesis, Structure and Photoreactivity of Several Cinnamophane Vinylogs
Authors: Greiving Helmut , Hopf Henning , Jones Peter G. , Bubenitschek Peter , Desvergne Jean‐Pierre , Bouas‐Laurent Henri 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn preceding papers, cinnamophanes 1a–d (two cinnamic ester units locked in a [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton) were described. In particular, the pseudo‐gem isomer 1a was shown to produce in solution an intramolecular cyclobutane photocycloadduct with stereospecificity and very high efficiency, following the topochemical rule observed in the solid state. Here are reported the synthesis and X‐ray structure determination of their vinylogs 5a–d. The photoreactivity of the pseudo‐gem isomer 5a was especially investigated in order to examine whether the same specificity would be maintained for the longer dienic substituents. It was found that, depending on the irradiation wavelengths, different bicyclic (8) and tetracyclic (9 and 10) intramolecular photocycloadducts (ladderanes) were produced, but with reduced efficiency as compared to that of 1a. The pseudo‐ortho‐ and pseudo‐para isomers 5b and 5d form the oxetenes 11 and 12, respectively, on irradiation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Spirocyclopropanated Analogues of Imidacloprid and Thiacloprid
Authors: Brackmann Farina , Yufit Dmitrii S. , Howard Judith A. K. , Es‐Sayed Mazen , de Meijere Armin 
Published: February 2005

Abstracttert‐Butyl N‐[1‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]carbamate (8) was converted into spirocyclopropanated analogues 14‐CP and 14‐CT of the insecticide Thiacloprid (2) in six simple steps with overall yields of 24 % each, along with their regioisomers 13‐CP and 13‐CT in overall yields of 17 and 15 %, respectively. The spirocyclopropanated analogues 27‐CP and 27‐CT of the insecticide Imidacloprid (1) were prepared from 8 in five steps in an overall yield of 10 % each, along with their regioisomers 20‐CP and 20‐CT in an overall yield of 8 and 7 %, respectively. The key step in all preparations was a cocyclization of an appropiately protected (1‐aminocyclopropyl)methyl derivative with S,S‐dimethyl cyanodithioiminocarbonate (11) or nitroguanidine (22). The structures of several final products and by‐products were verified by X‐ray crystal structure analyses.
Facile Construction of Spirocyclopropanated Bi‐, Tri‐ and Tetracyclic Skeletons by Novel Cascades Involving Intra‐ and Intermolecular Heck Reactions of 2‐Bromo‐1,6‐enynes and Bicyclopropylidene
Authors: Schelper Michael , de Meijere Armin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAcyclic 2‐bromo‐1,6‐enynes 5‐R, 9‐R and 11‐R with bulky substituents at the acetylenic terminus were co‐cyclized with the highly strained bicyclopropylidene (12) under palladium catalysis at 80 °C to give the cross‐conjugated tetraenes 13‐R, 18‐R and 19‐R in moderate‐to‐good yields (34−71%). Only the co‐cyclization of 5‐Ph gave rise to an additional product, which was identified as the 11‐membered ring 20. At elevated temperatures (120−140 °C) the initially formed tetraenes underwent 6π‐electrocyclization to give spiro[cyclopropane‐1,4′‐bicylo[4.3.0]‐1(6),2‐dienes] 21‐R, 22‐R and 23‐R. This novel class of spirocyclopropanated oligocycles is also accessible by a one‐pot protocol. The highest yields for both the tetraenes and bicyclo[4.3.0]nonadiene and its heteroanalogues were obtained with bulky substituents at the alkyne terminus of the precursors. Heteroatom‐containing precursors 9‐R and 11‐R gave lower yields than their all‐carbon analogues 5‐R. The acyclic 2‐bromo‐1,8‐dien‐6‐ynes 28a,b,c upon palladium‐catalyzed co‐cyclization with bicyclopropylidene (12) at 110 °C gave spirocyclopropanated tricycles 31a,b and 32, respectively, in moderate yields (14, 31 and 32%). These products were formed by two consecutive 6π‐electrocyclizations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Conjugated Additions of Selenium Containing Enolates to Enones – Enantioselective Synthesis of δ‐Oxo‐α‐Seleno Esters and Their Facile Transformations
Authors: Tiecco Marcello , Testaferri Lorenzo , Marini Francesca , Sternativo Silvia , Santi Claudio , Bagnoli Luana , Temperini Andrea 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTitanium enolates derived from methyl phenylselenoacetate and other acetates bearing a selenium containing chiral auxiliary have been employed to bring about 1,4‐addition reactions to enones. These reactions generate δ‐oxo‐α‐seleno esters in good yields and with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivities. The results obtained clearly indicate that the Lewis acids, employed to activate the starting enones towards addition, greatly influence reactivity as well as the stereochemical outcomes of these reactions. TiCl4 complexation resulted in particularly efficient promotion of the 1,4‐addition. Simple manipulations of the organoselenium moiety allowed some enantiomerically pure δ‐oxo‐α‐camphorseleno esters to be transformed into the corresponding δ‐oxo‐α‐hydroxy or δ‐oxo‐α‐allyl esters or into trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Stereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of cis‐Pellitorine, a Taste Active Alkamide Naturally Occurring in Tarragon
Authors: Ley Jakob P. , Hilmer Jens‐Michael , Weber Berthold , Krammer Gerhard , Gatfield Ian L. , Bertram Heinz‐Jürgen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe stereochemical descriptor in the compound name of 1a in the first sentence of the Introduction on p. 5135 of the original article[1] is incorrect; the correct name is:(2E,4Z)‐N‐isobutyldeca‐2,4‐dienamide
Cyclic AMP induces morphological changes of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting a rac‐dependent signaling pathway
Authors: Pelletier Stéphane , Julien Catherine , Popoff Michel R. , Lamarche‐Vane Nathalie , Meloche Sylvain 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCyclic AMP (cAMP) is a pleiotropic second messenger that regulates numerous cellular processes. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), these include cell proliferation, migration, and contractility. Here we show that cAMP‐elevating agents induce dramatic morphological changes in VSMCs, characterized by cell rounding and formation of long branching processes. The stellate morphology is associated with disassembly of actin stress fibers and lamellipodia, loss of focal adhesions, and the formation of small F‐actin rings. Because of the importance of Rho family GTPases in regulating actin dynamics, we analyzed their individual roles in the cAMP phenotype. We found that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Rac mimics cAMP effect in inducing a stellate morphology of VSMCs. Expression of activated Rac1 prevents forskolin‐induced cAMP stellation, suggesting that cAMP affects cell morphology by inhibiting Rac function. Consistent with this, treatment with forskolin inhibits agonist‐stimulated Rac activation in VSMCs. We further show that activated Rac1 containing the F37A effector loop substitution fails to rescue the cAMP phenotype. Our results suggest that cAMP modulates the morphology of VSMCs by inhibiting a Rac‐dependent signaling pathway. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.