bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dose–response to two different doses of intravenous lidocaine for analgesia in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia
Authors: Gupta Sunana , Attal Prerna , Mehta Nandita , Saini Heena , Banerjee Sitikantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Various studies have demonstrated the analgesic benefit of systemic lidocaine in the perioperative setting, especially during laparoscopic abdominal surgery. However, the best appropriate dose for an administered bolus and continuous infusion of lignocaine is unclear. Our aim is to compare the effect of two different doses of intravenous lidocaine for analgesia in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Fifty-four patients of ASA PS I or II, aged between 18 and 65 years undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups of 26 patients each. Patients in group A received an intravenous bolus injection of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg slowly over 10 min, prior to induction and then followed by a continuous infusion at the rate of 1.5 mg/kg/h via infusion pump whereas group B patients received intravenous lidocaine bolus of 1.5 mg/kg slowly over 10 min followed by infusion at the rate of 2 mg/kg/h. Postoperative analgesia was assessed by VAS score, time to first analgesic dose, and total consumption of rescue analgesic in 24 h.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in mean VAS Scores between the two groups at different time intervals postoperatively. Time to first rescue analgesia was earlier in group A (30.65 min) compared to group B (49.42 min) and the difference was statistically significant. Total consumption of rescue analgesic was higher in group A with a mean of 178.85 mg compared to 126.92 mg in group B.

Conclusion
Both the infusion doses of Lidocaine provided clinically adequate analgesia postoperatively but the infusion dose of 2 mg/kg/h had a mean VAS score significantly lower than 1.5 mg/kg/h.
An unusual location of newborn huge dermoid cyst: a case report and literature review
Authors: Rabiou Mahaman Sani , Moussa Maman Roufai Hamissou , Amadou Hassane Ali , Seton Stachys Beranger Hounkpatin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Dermoid cysts are benign germ cell tumors with ectodermal and mesodermal components. It is a slow-growing lesion that commonly arises in the midline of the head and neck. The last location represented 7%, and the periorbital region was the most frequently arising area. True lateral neck dermoid cysts are rare. We present an unusual location of a dermoid cyst in a newborn.

Case presentation
We report an unusual location of a 10-day newborn giant dermoid cyst with multiple implantation sites, namely the shoulder, scapula, cervical, temporal, and occipital scalp. Successful surgical resection was achieved, and the patient was discharged after the removal of the stitches.

Conclusion
Dermoid cysts are unusual neoplasms with rare diagnoses at birth, but often in childhood. Concomitant implantation locations on the shoulder, neck, temporal, and occipital scalps are rare.
Effect of GH Deficiency Caused by Nonfunctioning Pituitary Masses on Serum C-reactive Protein Levels
Authors: Seki Yasufumi , Morimoto Satoshi , Bokuda Kanako , Watanabe Daisuke , Yamashita Kaoru , Takano Noriyoshi , Amano Kosaku , Kawamata Takakazu , Ichihara Atsuhiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
GH supplementation for GH deficiency (GHD) has been reported to decrease high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an inflammatory marker; however, the association between GHD and hs-CRP remains unclear.

Objective
We aimed to clarify the impact of impaired GH secretion due to pituitary masses on hs-CRP levels.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the association between GH secretion, assessed using GH-releasing peptide-2, and serum hs-CRP levels before and a year after the pituitary surgery in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor or Rathke cleft cyst.

Results
Among 171 patients, 55 (32%) presented with severe GHD (peak GH response to GH-releasing peptide-2 &lt; 9 ng/mL). Serum hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with severe GHD than in those without (P &lt; .001) and significantly correlated with the peak GH (r = −0.50, P &lt; .001). Multiple regression analyses showed that the peak GH significantly and negatively predicted hs-CRP levels (β = −0.345; 95% CI, −0.533 to −0.158) and the lowest quartile of the peak GH (&lt;5.04 ng/mL) were significantly associated with increase in hs-CRP levels (exp [β] = 1.840; 95% CI, 1.209 to 2.801), after controlling for other anterior hormones and metabolic parameters. Postoperative change in the peak GH (N = 60) significantly predicted change in hs-CRP levels (β = −0.391; 95% CI, −0.675 to −0.108), independent of alterations in other anterior hormones and metabolic parameters.

Conclusion
The inverse association between GH secretion and hs-CRP levels highlights the protective role of GH in the increase in hs-CRP.
Understanding Internal Migration: A Research Note Providing an Assessment of Migration Selection With Genetic Data
Authors: Furuya Shiro , Liu Jihua , Sun Zhongxuan , Lu Qiongshi , Fletcher Jason M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Migration is selective, resulting in inequalities between migrants and nonmigrants. However, investigating migration selection is empirically challenging because combined pre- and post-migration data are rarely available. We propose an alternative approach to assessing internal migration selection by integrating genetic data, enabling an investigation of migration selection with cross-sectional data collected post-migration. Using data from the UK Biobank, we utilized standard tools from statistical genetics to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for migration distance. We then calculated genetic correlations to compare GWAS results for migration with those for other characteristics. Given that individual genetics are determined at conception, these analyses allow a unique exploration of the association between pre-migration characteristics and migration. Results are generally consistent with the healthy migrant literature: genetics correlated with longer migration distance are associated with higher socioeconomic status and better health. We also extended the analysis to 53 traits and found novel correlations between migration and several physical health, mental health, personality, and sociodemographic traits.
Sustainability in Dentistry: Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental practitioners about green dentistry
Authors: Jalbani Nighat , Doss Jennifer Geraldine , John Jacob , Panezai Jeneen 
Published: November 2023

Objective: Green dentistry is an emerging concept necessary to address the worsening climatic changes. It is essential to compile the existing literature on knowledge, attitude, and practice on green dentistry that can be accomplished by conducting a literature review. The objective of this literature review was to summarize and present the existing knowledge that dentists have regarding green dental practices, their attitude about this shift towards sustainability, and steps that they have taken in their personal practice to adhere towards an eco-friendlier dental approach.
Methods: Three months of effective research and review development from March 2022 to June 2022. Design using keywords, a literature search was performed in PubMed, Google scholar and Web of Science databases. A total of 13 articles of 45, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected, of which two were excluded as these were not in English.
Results: Dental practitioners have good knowledge about green dentistry and positive attitudes towards environment conservation, but implementation in their practice is not adequate. Most common themes of knowledge, attitude and practice assessment in green dentistry are amalgam management, radiographic management, infection control, waste management, water, and electricity management.
Conclusion: The absence of adequate literature on eco-friendly practices in dentistry makes it difficult to validate the findings of most of these studies. Dental professionals are familiar with environmentally friendly dental practices and have a positive outlook on their role in environmental protection, but its application in practice is far from adequate.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7606
How to cite this: Zia N, Doss JG, John J, Panezai J. Sustainability in Dentistry: Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental practitioners about green dentistry. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7606
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Case Report: A Pathological Odyssey in Primary Cutaneous Apocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Naseri Dr. Suhit , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Dr. Sourya , Vagha Sunita 
Published: November 2023

Apocrine carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm that usually arises in areas with a high density of apocrine glands. Diagnosis can be challenging as tumours share histological and immunophenotypic characteristics with them. At first evaluation, the disease is often assumed to be benign. There have been approximately 100 reports of apocrine neoplasms in the literature. A 48-year-old male presented with a right axillary mass which increased in size over a period of 2 years. The patient was reported to have had ayurvedic therapy, but his swelling remained unchanged. Axillary lymph nodes were palpable. USG axilla suggested a well-defined fungating solid isoechoic lesion. USG neck did not reveal any abnormality. The mass was surgically excised as a whole by removing the overlying skin with margins and lymph node excision. The patient was diagnosed with primary apocrine carcinoma after surgical excision. The differentials include adenocarcinoma of breast and prostate and apocrine adenoma. There are no established standards for the care of this form of carcinoma due to its rarity and the absence of clinical studies. A literature evaluation and further reporting will aid in developing diagnostic standards and the most efficient treatment options.
Retrospective study of disparities in regional anesthesia and discharge opioid prescriptions at a veterans affairs medical center
Authors: Udoji Mercy A. , Thompson Oluwatoyin , Cui Xiangqin , Glas Kathryn E. , Woodbury Anna 
Published: November 2023

Background: Abundant literature acknowledges healthcare disparities exist in medicine, especially in pain management, but disparities related to peri-operative pain management in veterans undergoing total knee arthroplasties (TKA) has not been previously described. TKAs are becoming increasingly common, and evidence suggests that perioperative regional anesthesia improves post TKA outcomes. This study aimed to determine if healthcare disparities exist pertaining to the use of regional anesthesia and the prescribing of discharge opioids for TKAs in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VAHCS). We hypothesized that race-based disparities would be present in the use of regional anesthesia and discharge opioid prescribing at our institution. Our secondary hypothesis was that older patients would be more likely to receive regional anesthesia and lower quantities of opioids at discharge. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of Atlanta VAHCS patients who underwent elective unilateral primary or revision TKA surgery between 2014 and 2020. A total of 653 patients were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the impact of patient demographics on nerve block use and multivariate linear regression was used to model the impact of patient demographics on total oral morphine equivalents prescribed. Results: Our results showed that Black patients were as likely to receive regional anesthesia for their TKAs (p=0.85) but did receive less opioid pain medications at discharge (p<0.001) than White patients. We also found that older patients (> 50 years old) had significantly lower odds ratio of receiving regional anesthesia and received less opioid pain medications post TKA discharge. Conclusions: Our study showed age-based disparities in regional anesthesia utilization and discharge opioid prescriptions. It also showed race-based disparities in discharge opioid prescriptions. Our results demonstrate the need to better understand why these differences exist within this open access system and suggests solutions based on the socioecological model to diminish them.
Pangan fungsional dan nutrasetikal dari laut: Prospek dan tantangannya
Authors: Siahaan Evi Amelia , Pangestuti Ratih 
Published: November 2023

The marine environment is a rich sources of natural bioactive compounds which are not used optimally. It has been established that marine organisms contain a unique physicochemical characteristic that is very valuable to be applied for food industry and pharmaceutical. Recently, numerous study have been shown that compounds extracted from marine organisms possess various biological activities, including anticoagulant, anticancer and hypocholesterolemic. Moreover, fish oil and marine bacteria have been claimed as a source of omega-3 while crustaceans and seaweeds contained carotenoids and phenolic compounds. Based on a variety of biological activities of marine organisms, this review focuses on the potential use of marine-derived compounds as functional food ingredients and nutraceutical including some consideration of barriers for their application.Laut menyimpan sumber bahan fungsional yang relatif belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Karakteristik fisikokimianya yang kompleks dan tidak ditemukan pada biota terrestrial, menjadikan bahan fungsional laut potensial untuk diaplikasikan dalam berbagai aspek seperti pengolahan makanan, pengawetan, fortifikasi dan industri farmasi. Selain itu, banyak penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang diekstrak dari biota laut memiliki aktivitas biologis yang beragam. Sebagai contoh, peptida yang diisolasi dari hidrolisat protein ikan serta fucans, galaktan dan alginat dari alga telah terbukti memiliki aktifitas antikoagulan, antikanker dan hipokolesterolemik. Selain itu, minyak ikan dan bakteri laut merupakan sumber yang asam lemak omega-3, sedangkan krustasea dan rumput laut mengandung senyawa antioksidan seperti karotenoid dan senyawa fenolik. Berdasarkan beragam aktifitas bioaktif yang terkandung pada bahan laut, review ini berfokus pada potensi senyawa laut sebagai bahan pangan fungsional dan nutrasetikal sekaligus tantangan dalam pemanfaatannya.
Kajian kualitas perairan Teluk Gorontalo dengan menggunakan metode STORET
Authors: Kadim Miftahul Khair , Pasisingi Nuralim , Paramata Afriani R. 
Published: November 2023

Good water quality is extremely important to support life of organisms. The determination of water quality status was needed as reference to monitor water pollution in aquatic system. This study aimed to assess the status of water quality in the Gorontalo Bay. There ware five sampling sites which represented the coastal condition and ecological characteristic. Sampling was carried out in May-July 2017. Sampling procedure of water samples carried out based on APHA standard method. Existing water quality data was analyzed by using STORET method. The result showed that Gorontalo bay obtained total score -39. It means the status of water quality the Gorontalo bay during sampling period in bad category. Kondisi kualitas air suatu perairan yang baik sangat penting untuk mendukung kelulushidupan organisme yang hidup di dalamnya. Penentuan status mutu air perlu dilakukan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan pemantauan pencemaran kualitas air suatu sistem akuatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji status mutu air di perairan Teluk Gorontalo. Terdapat 5 stasiun pengamatan yang dipilih berdasarkan kondisi pantai dan karakteristik ekologi Teluk Gorontalo. Pengambilan sampel parameter kualitas air dilakukan di sepanjang perairan Teluk Gorontalo pada bulan Mei-Juli 2017. Prosedur pengambilan sampel berdasarkan metode baku APHA. Data kualitas air yang ada kemudian akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Metode STORET. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Teluk Gorontalo memperoleh total skor -39. Hal ini menunjukkan status mutu Teluk Gorontalo di bulan Mei-Juli tergolong dalam kategori buruk.
REENCUENTROS CON TINTES DRAMÁTICOS TRAS LA GRAN RECESIÓN. LES DISTÀNCIES (2018) DE ELENA TRAPERO
Authors: SÁNCHEZ ROJALS ARLET , SÁNCHEZ BARBA FRANCESC 
Published: November 2023

Más allá de los acontecimientos históricos esenciales de estas primeras décadas del siglo XXI, en grupos humanos como las redes surgidas de la amistad, pueden rastrearse asuntos como el impacto producido por los cambios sociales y tecnológicos, la precariedad y la movilidad forzadas tras la Gran Recesión de 2008 o, incluso, los efectos de la pandemia provocada por el COVID-19. Partiendo de las representaciones de esas redes en las ficciones del cine español más actual, se analizará principalmente el caso de la película Les distàncies (Las distancias, 2018), de Elena Trapé ,que muestra cierto pesimismo ante el contexto socioeconómico que ha afectado especialmente a esa generación más que preparada de los nacidos tras 1985.
Mean wavelength-based Fresnel lens solar collector for eliminating the hotpot problem in daylighting systems
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Bisht Devendra Singh , Garg Harry 
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the mean-wavelength-based Fresnel lens was designed by merging the
modified edge ray principle and idea of superposition. The
bottom-to-top approach optimizes the design of individual prisms
according to the predetermined plastic optical fiber (POF) bundle
size. The simulated optical efficiency of the collector for the sun’s
visible spectrum (380–740 nm) light is 82.93% with a uniformity
ratio of 0.434. Based on the designed collector, the daylighting
system can deliver 199.38 lumens via a 10 m long POF
bundle with an efficiency of 23.78%. The thermal analysis revealed
that the maximum temperature on the focus plane was 49.7°C.
Design and analysis of a photonic crystal nanocavity based bio-sensor for blood component detection
Authors: Pradhan Akash Kumar , Madagala Keerthana , Naga Sravya Kalamcheti , Prakash Chandra 
Published: November 2023

A design of a photonic crystal nanocavity based bio-sensor having a footprint of 12×8µm2 is proposed to detect different blood components. A finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical technique has been used to characterize the sensor by evaluating its frequency response. The shift in resonant wavelength of the proposed cavity is utilized to detect blood refractive index fluctuation due to the presence of various components. The obtained numerical findings show that the maximum sensitivity for a shift in resonant wavelength is reported as 760 nm/RIU for various blood components. Moreover, the fabrication of PhC is always prone to the fabrication induced disorders. Hence, the impact of fabrication imperfections on the sensor’s performance also has been included in the analysis.
Determinants of Aedes mosquito larval ecology in a heterogeneous urban environment- a longitudinal study in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Dharmamuthuraja Deepa , P. D. Rohini , Lakshmi M. Iswarya , Isvaran Kavita , Ghosh Susanta Kumar , Ishtiaq Farah 
Published: November 2023

Background
Aedes-borne disease risk is associated with contemporary urbanization practices where city developing structures function as a catalyst for creating mosquito breeding habitats. We lack better understanding on how the links between landscape ecology and urban geography contribute to the prevalence and abundance of mosquito and pathogen spread.

Methods
An outdoor longitudinal study in Bengaluru (Karnataka, India) was conducted between February 2021 and June 2022 to examine the effects of macrohabitat types on the diversity and distribution of larval habitats, mosquito species composition, and body size to quantify the risk of dengue outbreak in the landscape context.

Findings
A total of 8,717 container breeding sites were inspected, of these 1,316 were wet breeding habitats. A total of 1,619 mosquito larvae representing 16 species from six macrohabitats and nine microhabitats were collected. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were the dominant species and significantly higher in artificial habitats than in natural habitats. Breeding preference ratio for Aedes species was high in grinding stones and storage containers. The Aedes infestation indices were higher than the WHO threshold and showed significant linear increase from Barren habitat to High density areas. We found Ae. albopictus breeding in sympatry with Ae. aegypti had shorter wing length.

Conclusions
A large proportion of larval habitats were man-made artificial containers. Landscape ecology drives mosquito diversity and abundance even at a small spatial scale which could be affecting the localized outbreaks. Our findings showed that sampling strategies for mosquito surveillance must include urban environments with non-residential locations and dengue transmission reduction programmes should focus on ‘neighbourhood surveillance’ as well to prevent and control the rising threat of Aedes-borne diseases.
Trends in antimicrobial resistance amongst Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates in Bangladesh: 1999–2021
Authors: Sajib Mohammad S. I. , Tanmoy Arif M. , Hooda Yogesh , Rahman Hafizur , Munira Sira J. , Sarkar Anik , Das Dipu , Rahman Md. Asadur , Islam Nazrul , Shahidullah Mohammod , Amin Md. Ruhul , Alam Md. Jahangir , Hanif Mohammed , Luby Stephen P. , Garrett Denise O. , Saha Samir K. , Saha Senjuti 
Published: November 2023

Background
Typhoid and paratyphoid remain common bloodstream infections in areas with suboptimal water and sanitation infrastructure. Paratyphoid, caused by Salmonella Paratyphi A, is less prevalent than typhoid and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends are less documented. Empirical treatment for paratyphoid is commonly based on the knowledge of susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi, which causes typhoid. Hence, with rising drug resistance in Salmonella Typhi, last-line antibiotics like ceftriaxone and azithromycin are prescribed for both typhoid and paratyphoid. However, unlike for typhoid, there is no vaccine to prevent paratyphoid. Here, we report 23-year AMR trends of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Bangladesh.

Methods
From 1999 to 2021, we conducted enteric fever surveillance in two major pediatric hospitals and three clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Blood cultures were performed at the discretion of the treating physicians; cases were confirmed by culture, serological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined following CLSI guidelines.

Results
Over 23 years, we identified 2,725 blood culture-confirmed paratyphoid cases. Over 97% of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole, and no isolate was resistant to all three. No resistance to ceftriaxone was recorded, and >99% of the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin. A slight increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is noticed for ceftriaxone but the current average MIC is 32-fold lower than the resistance cut-off. Over 99% of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions
Salmonella Paratyphi A has remained susceptible to most antibiotics, unlike Salmonella Typhi, despite widespread usage of many antibiotics in Bangladesh. The data can guide evidence-based policy decisions for empirical treatment of paratyphoid fever, especially in the post typhoid vaccine era, and with the availability of new paratyphoid diagnostics.