bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody–drug conjugates in ovarian cancer
Authors: Feroz Barin , Marth Christian , Zeimet Alain Gustave 
Published: January 2024

SummaryOvarian cancer (OC) management presents a challenging scenario in clinical practice due to its late diagnosis, high recurrence rate, and dismal 5‑year survival rate of 45%—especially in platinum-resistant cases. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel drugs that enable the selective delivery of potent cytotoxic agents directly to tumor cells, thereby maximizing treatment effectiveness while minimizing harm to healthy cells. Recent studies have shown promising results in this regard. Mirvetuximab soravtansine achieved remarkable results in the MIRASOL trial, suggesting it as a potential new standard of care for folate receptor-α-positive platinum-resistant OC treatment. Furthermore, trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated promising results in the PanTumor02 trial, showing clinically meaningful efficacy across a broad spectrum of HER2-positive solid tumors. This review article explores the current state of ADCs in ovarian cancer and their potential to improve outcomes in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, especially in the platinum-resistant setting.
Polydopamine-coated photoautotrophic bacteria for improving extracellular electron transfer in living photovoltaics
Authors: Reggente Melania , Roullier Charlotte , Mouhib Mohammed , Brandl Patricia , Wang Hanxuan , Tacconi Stefano , Mura Francesco , Dini Luciana , Labarile Rossella , Trotta Massimo , Fischer Fabian , Boghossian Ardemis A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiving photovoltaics are microbial electrochemical devices that use whole cell–electrode interactions to convert solar energy to electricity. The bottleneck in these technologies is the limited electron transfer between the microbe and the electrode surface. This study focuses on enhancing this transfer by engineering a polydopamine (PDA) coating on the outer membrane of the photosynthetic microbe Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. This coating provides a conductive nanoparticle shell to increase electrode adhesion and improve microbial charge extraction. A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis absorption, and Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to characterize the nanoparticle shell under various synthesis conditions. The cell viability and activity were further assessed through oxygen evolution, growth curve, and confocal fluorescence microscopy measurements. The results show sustained cell growth and detectable PDA surface coverage under slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.5) and at low initial dopamine (DA) concentrations (1 mM). The exoelectrogenicity of the cells prepared under these conditions was also characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The measurements show a three-fold enhancement in the photocurrent at an applied bias of 0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl [3 M KCl]) compared to non-coated cells. This study thus lays the framework for engineering the next generation of living photovoltaics with improved performances using biosynthetic electrodes.
Kalziumregulation aus nephrologischer Sicht – manches anders als gedacht?
Authors: Pirklbauer Markus 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungEine präzise Regulation der extrazellulären Kalziumkonzentration ist essenziell für das Funktionieren des Organismus. Parathormon und Vitamin D steuern und synchronisieren dosisabhängig die kalziumregulierenden Organsysteme Niere, Knochen und Darm, um eine stabile extrazelluläre Kalziumkonzentration mittel- bis langfristig sicherzustellen. Elegante tierexperimentelle Studien haben jedoch gezeigt, dass die akute Kalziumregulation (innerhalb von Minuten) primär unabhängig von kalzitropen Hormonen, zellulärem Knochenremodeling sowie Darm- und Nierenfunktion ist. Ein labiler Kalziumpool an der Knochenoberfläche wurde als temporärer Kalziumpuffer postuliert, der in Phasen akuter Kalziumbelastung oder -deprivation Kalzium rasch aufnehmen bzw. freisetzen kann, um gefährlichen Veränderungen der extrazellulären Kalziumkonzentration entgegenzuwirken. Die Funktion dieses labilen Kalziumpools basiert primär auf physikochemischen Prinzipien, wobei das lösliche Kalziumsalz Brushit und stabilisierende nicht kollagene Knochenproteine an der Knochenoberfläche eine entscheidende Rolle einnehmen. Klinische Studien, die die intradialytische Kalziumkinetik untersuchten, konnte erstmals die Existenz eines labilen Kalziumpools in vivo bestätigen und Hinweise für die Beteiligung des Knochens im Rahmen der akuten Kalziumregulation liefern, indem eine unabhängige Assoziation des nicht kollagenen Knochenproteins Osteocalcin mit der akuten Kalziumpufferkapazität beschrieben wurde. Darüber hinaus ist der gezeigte Zusammenhang zwischen intradialytischer Kalziumkinetik und dem Vorhandensein einer koronaren Herzkrankheit ein erster Hinweis für die klinische Relevanz der akuten Kalziumregulation.
Navigating Digital Transformation and Knowledge Structures: Insights for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Hu Yuchong , Pan Yifan , Yu Miao , Chen Peishen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, digital transformation has become synonymous with the strategic integration of cloud computing, mobile internet, social media, and big data. This paradigm shift has reshaped traditional business models, presenting organizational challenges and opportunities. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in particular, face a unique set of obstacles as they navigate the complexities of this digital revolution. This research paper delves into the intricacies of digital transformation within the SME context. It acknowledges the significance of this transformation for enhancing core competencies and sustainable development, emphasizing the convergence of business strategy and technological advancement. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this study employs bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace, shedding light on underappreciated procedures, steps, and data related to SMEs’ digital transformation. A systematic literature review extracts a theoretical framework, offering valuable insights and guidance for SMEs operating in an increasingly digitalized business environment. The research contributes to the ongoing global discussion on digital transformation and highlights differences and similarities across various research domains. It identifies thematic clusters such as “Digital transformation of SMEs,” “Industry 4.0,” “Adoption paths,” and “Business model,” revealing trends, themes, and shifts in studying digital transformation in SMEs worldwide. This paper provides a valuable synthesis of previous research accomplishments, offering theoretical implications for academia and practical managerial insights. It emphasizes the importance of collaborative mechanisms and research networks, fostering knowledge exchange and driving innovation in the field of digital transformation for SMEs, both nationally and internationally.
Effect of road pricing on the spatial distribution of traffic flow in a grid network
Authors: Miyagawa Masashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a continuous approximation model for analyzing the effect of road pricing on the spatial distribution of traffic flow. The traffic flow density, which describes traffic flow as a function of position, is derived for a rectangular city with a grid network. The analytical expression for the traffic flow density demonstrates how the toll level, the size and shape of the toll area, and the shape of the city affect the spatial distribution of traffic flow. As the size of the toll area increases, reducing the traffic flow density at the city center becomes difficult. As the aspect ratio of the toll area increases, the traffic flow density at the city center increases. The shape of the city has less impact on the traffic flow density than the shape of the toll area.
Landscape perspectives for agroecological weed management. A review
Authors: Boinot Sébastien , Alignier Audrey , Storkey Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFaced with the biodiversity extinction crisis and climate change, alternative approaches to food production are urgently needed. Decades of chemical-based weed control have resulted in a dramatic decline in weed diversity, with negative repercussions for agroecosystem biodiversity. The simplification of cropping systems and the evolution of herbicide resistance have led to the dominance of a small number of competitive weed species, calling for a more sustainable approach that considers not only weed abundance but also community diversity and composition. Agroecological weed management involves harnessing ecological processes to minimize the negative impacts of weeds on productivity and maximize biodiversity. However, the current research effort on agroecological weed management is largely rooted in agronomy and field-scale farming practices. In contrast, the contributions of landscape-scale interventions on agroecological weed management are largely unexplored (e.g., interventions to promote pollinators and natural enemies or carbon sequestration). Here, we review current knowledge of landscape effects on weed community properties (abundance, diversity, and composition) and seed predation (a key factor in agroecological weed management). Furthermore, we discuss the ecological processes underlying landscape effects, their interaction with in-field approaches, and the implications of landscape-scale change for agroecological weed management. Notably, we found that (1) landscape context rarely affects total weed abundance; (2) configurational more than compositional heterogeneity of landscapes is associated with higher alpha, beta, and gamma weed diversity; (3) evidence for landscape effects on weed seed predation is currently limited; and (4) plant spillover from neighboring habitats is the most common interpretation of landscape effects on weed community properties, whereas many other ecological processes are overlooked. Strikingly, the drivers of weed community properties and biological regulation at the landscape scale remain poorly understood. We recommend addressing these issues to better integrate agroecological weed management into landscape-scale management, which could inform the movement towards managing farms at wider spatiotemporal scales than single fields in a single season.
Stresses in repair welding of high-strength steels—part 1: restraint and cold cracking risk
Authors: Schroepfer D. , Witte J. , Kromm A. , Kannengiesser T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe sustainable and resource-efficient production of wind energy plants requires the use of modern high-strength fine-grain structural steels. This applies to both foundation and erection structures, like mobile or ship cranes. During the assembly of steel structures, unacceptable defects can occasionally be found in the weld area. In most cases, the economical solution would be local thermal gouging of the affected areas and re-welding. Due to the high shrinkage restraint of the joint groove in the overall structure, the superposition of global and local welding-induced stresses may lead to crack formation and component failure, particularly in interaction with the degradation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steels during the repair process. However, manufacturers hardly have any information about these issues and there is a lack of recommendations and guidelines to take these safety-relevant aspects into account in adequate repair concepts. The aim of this research is to derive recommendations for repair concepts appropriate to the stresses and materials involved providing a basis for standards and guidelines to avoid cold cracking, damage and expensive reworking especially for high-strength steels. Part 1 of this study involves systematic investigations of influences of shrinkage restraint during repair welding of two high-strength steels S500MLO for offshore application and S960QL for mobile crane structures. The quantification of the shrinkage restraint of repair weld joints was achieved by means of experimental and numerical restraint intensity analysis. In welding experiments with self-restrained slot specimens, restraint intensity and introduction of hydrogen via the welding arc using anti spatter spray were varied systematically to analyse the effect on welding result, residual stresses and cold cracking. It could be shown that increasing restraint intensities result in significantly higher transverse residual stress levels. In the case of hydrogen introduction S500MLO showed no cold cracking independent of the restraint conditions. However, S960QL was found to be considerably cold cracking sensitive if hydrogen is introduced. With increasing restraint intensity length and number of cold cracks increases significantly. Part 2 [1] of this study is focussed on microstructure and residual stresses due to gouging and stress optimization via adequate heat control parameters in repair welding.
From the harmony to the tension: Helmuth Plessner and Kurt Goldstein’s readings of Jakob von Uexküll
Authors: Pagan Matteo , Dal Pozzolo Marco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the reception and discussion of Jakob von Uexküll’s biological theory by two German thinkers of his time, Helmuth Plessner and Kurt Goldstein. It demonstrates how their bio-philosophical perspectives are on the one hand indebted to Uexküll’s theory and, on the other, critical of its tendency to excessively harmonize the relationship between living beings and their environment. This original critical reading of the Umweltlehre is rooted in ambiguities within Uexküll’s own thought - between a dynamic conception of the organism-environment relationship and the idea of "conformity to a plan" -, , which is here examined in the second section. In the third and fourth sections we will then focus on Plessner and Goldstein respectively, demonstrating how for these two authors the harmony between organism and environment is not an original state, but only reveals itself against the background of a tension; as such, it can only be partial, unstable and always changing. The two thinkers avoid the rigid alternative between Darwin’s concept of adaptation (Anpassung) and Uexküll’s “fitting into” (Einpassung) by theorizing the ideal state of the relationship between organism and environment in terms of “adequacy” (Adäquatheit) and “adaptability” (Adaptiertheit). Between organism and environment there is neither absolute separation nor perfect harmony, but rather a gap which can never be definitively fixed.
Embedding multi-agent reinforcement learning into behavior trees with unexpected interruptions
Authors: Li Xianglong , Li Yuan , Zhang Jieyuan , Xu Xinhai , Liu Donghong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBehavior trees have attracted great interest in computer games and robotic applications. However, it lacks the learning ability for dynamic environments. Previous works combining behavior trees with reinforcement learning either need to construct an independent sub-scenario or train the learning method over the whole game, which is not suited for complex multi-agent games. In this paper, a framework is proposed, named as MARL-BT, that embeds multi-agent reinforcement learning methods into behavior trees. Following the running mechanism of behavior trees, we design the way of collecting samples and the training procedure. Further, we point out a special phenomenon in MARL-BT, i.e., the unexpected interruption, and present an action masking technique to remove its harmful effect on learning performance. Finally, we make extensive experiments on the 11 versus 11 full game in Google Research Football. The introduced MARL-BT framework could get an 11.507% improvement compared to pure BT for certain scenarios. The action masking technique could greatly improve the performance of the learning method, i.e., the final reward is improved around 100% times for a sub-task.
Seismic performance of structure equipped with a new rubber bracing damper system
Authors: Hejazi Farzad , Farahpour Hengameh , Ayyash Najad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNowadays, vibration energy absorption devices are widely implemented in many buildings subjected to severe vibration due to natural hazards, such as earthquakes, strong winds, and typhoons. Recently, viscous dampers have been commonly used in many structures as the most conventional damper type. However, the high maintenance cost resulting from oil leakage from cylinder seals has prompted researchers to seek an alternative system to viscous damper systems. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to develop a new rubber bracing damper (RBD) system by implementing high damping rubber material as a viscoelastic material to be installed in framed structures as diagonal bracing members. This will help dissipate vibration effects on the structure. To achieve this, the initial design for the RBD device has been developed, and finite-element simulation has been conducted to evaluate the behavior of the proposed RBD under various dynamic loading conditions. To define the viscoelastic material properties in finite-element modeling, high damping rubber material has been produced and experimentally tested to determine the numerical model of the material. Subsequently, the test data were utilized to develop the analytical model of the RBD device, and its performance was evaluated by applying cyclic loads and conducting nonlinear analysis. Furthermore, a series of cyclic dynamic tests with various displacement amplitudes and frequencies have been conducted on the prototype of the RBD device based on the finite-element results. Finally, to analyze the dynamic behavior of the structure equipped with RBD, a finite-element model of a three-story reinforced concrete frame structure furnished with RBD dampers has been developed. The response of the structure has been evaluated under seismic loads, and a parametric study has been conducted to investigate the response of the structures with various rubber properties. The numerical analysis results indicated that the implementation of the RBD device leads to a reduction in the occurrence of plastic hinges and lateral displacements of the structure by up to 69%. This demonstrates the efficiency of the RBD device in diminishing the seismic load effect on the structure’s response.
Begleitete Patient:innen in der hausärztlichen Sprechstunde
Authors: Kalitzkus Vera , Randerath Franziska , Hoppe Sabrina , Wilm Stefan 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie hausärztliche Konsultation wird gewöhnlich als Interaktion zwischen zwei Personen verstanden. Studien aus anderen Ländern zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Patient:innen aber begleitet zur hausärztlichen Sprechstunde erscheint. Weder Häufigkeit der Mitnahme einer Begleitperson noch etwaige Zusammenhänge mit dem kulturellen Hintergrund wurden bisher für den deutschsprachigen Raum untersucht. Im Jahr 2018 wurde eine explorative Studie in sechs städtischen Hausarztpraxen in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt (numerische Erfassung von Patient:innen mit/ohne Begleitung in der Sprechstunde; leitfadengestützte Befragung begleiteter Patient:innen nach der Konsultation). Von allen erfassten Patient:innen (n = 1155) wurden 27 % (95%-Konfidenzintervall, 95%-KI: 24,31–29,41) begleitet. Zwischen dem Vorliegen eines türkischen Migrationshintergrunds (MH) und der Mitnahme einer Begleitperson besteht ein signifikanter Zusammenhang (χ2 (2) = 92,37; p < 0,01). Patient:innen mit türkischem MH wurden mit 47 % (95%-KI = 41,64–52,98) häufiger begleitet als Patient:innen ohne MH (19 %; 95%-KI = 16,38–21,95). Von allen erfassten Patient:innen konnte mit 124 begleiteten Patient:innen ein Kurzinterview geführt werden. Das Durchschnittsalter der interviewten begleiteten Patient:innen lag bei 50 Jahren. Frauen wurden mit 67 % deutlich häufiger begleitet als Männer. Die Begleitpersonen stammten fast ausschließlich aus dem Kreis der Familie. Etwas über die Hälfte der Begleitpersonen waren Frauen. Der überwiegende Teil der Begleitpersonen war selbst Patient:in in dieser Hausarztpraxis und wies zu 60 % einen eigenen Behandlungsanlass in dieser Konsultation auf. Die Motive zur Mitnahme einer Begleitperson betrafen die Bereiche Organisation, Kommunikation und soziale Unterstützung. Prominent vertreten war der Wunsch, die Familie in das Krankheitsgeschehen einzubeziehen, emotionaler Beistand sowie Unterstützung in der Kommunikation. Begleitete Patient:innen ohne/mit türkischem MH unterscheiden sich aber kaum in Bezug auf die genannten Motive.
Environmental pollution indices: a review on concentration of heavy metals in air, water, and soil near industrialization and urbanisation
Authors: Swain Chinmaya Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent industrial operations pollute the world’s land, water, and air with heavy metals. Metals’ environmental behaviour and geographical distribution near the industrial production. Heavy metal contamination potential was assessed using geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, and other criteria. Heavy metal concentrations have increased due to industrial waste, geochemical shifts, agriculture, and mining. Modifying cell structure, heavy metals can harm and cause cancer. We need to develop and conduct comprehensive monitoring to determine if industrial production and mining is causing elevated heavy metal levels nearby area in the zone. This review shares contemporary heavy metal contamination on its nature, origin, and extent.