bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic skeletal diversification via differential enoylreductase recruitment and module iteration intrans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases
Authors: Jian Xinyun , Pang Fang , Hobson Christian , Jenner Matthew , Alkhalaf Lona M. , Challis Gregory L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms are remarkable chemists capable of assembling complex molecular architectures that penetrate cells and bind biomolecular targets with exquisite selectivity. Consequently, microbial natural products have wide-ranging applications in medicine and agriculture. How the “blind watchmaker” of evolution creates skeletal diversity is a key question in contemporary natural products research. Comparative analysis of biosynthetic pathways to structurally related metabolites is an insightful approach to addressing this.Here we report comparative biosynthetic investigations of gladiolin, a polyketide antibiotic fromBurkholderia gladioliwith promising activity against multidrug resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis, and entangien, a structurally related antibiotic produced bySorangium cellulosum. Although these metabolites have very similar macrolide cores, their C21 side chains differ significantly in both length and degree of saturation. Surprisingly, thetrans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases (PKSs) that assemble these antibiotics are almost identical, raising intriguing questions about mechanisms underlying structural diversification in this important class of biosynthetic assembly line.In vitro reconstitution of key biosynthetic transformations using simplified substrate analogues, combined with gene deletion and complementation experiments, enabled us to elucidate the origin of all structural differences in the C21 side chains of gladiolin and etnangien. The more saturated gladiolin side chain arises from a cis-acting enoylreductase (ER) domain in module 1 and in trans recruitment of a standalone ER to module 5 of the PKS. Remarkably, module 5 of the gladiolin PKS is intrinsically iterative in the absence of the standalone ER, accounting for the longer side chain in etnangien. These findings have important implications for biosynthetic engineering approaches to the creation of novel polyketide skeletons.
Emergence of RNA-guided transcription factors via domestication of transposon-encoded TnpB nucleases
Authors: Wiegand Tanner , Hoffmann Florian T. , Walker Matt W.G. , Tang Stephen , Richard Egill , Le Hoang C. , Meers Chance , Sternberg Samuel H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransposon-encodedtnpBgenes encode RNA-guided DNA nucleases that promote their own selfish spread through targeted DNA cleavage and homologous recombination1–4. This widespread gene family was repeatedly domesticated over evolutionary timescales, leading to the emergence of diverse CRISPR-associated nucleases including Cas9 and Cas125,6. We set out to test the hypothesis that TnpB nucleases may have also been repurposed for novel, unexpected functions other than CRIS-PR-Cas. Here, using phylogenetics, structural predictions, comparative genomics, and functional assays, we uncover multiple instances of programmable transcription factors that we name TnpB-like nuclease-dead repressors (TldR). These proteins employ naturally occurring guide RNAs to specifically target conserved promoter regions of the genome, leading to potent gene repression in a mechanism akin to CRISPRi technologies invented by humans7. Focusing on a TldR clade found broadly inEnterobacteriaceae, we discover that bacteriophages exploit the combined action of TldR and an adjacently encoded phage gene to alter the expression and composition of the host flagellar assembly, a transformation with the potential to impact motility8, phage susceptibility9, and host immunity10. Col-lectively, this work showcases the diverse molecular innovations that were enabled through repeated exaptation of genes encoded by transposable elements, and reveals that RNA-guided transcription factors emerged long before the development of dCas9-based editors.
Modeling aging and retinal degeneration with mitochondrial DNA mutation burden
Authors: Sturgis John , Singh Rupesh , Caron Quinn , Samuels Ivy S. , Shiju Thomas Micheal , Mukkara Aditi , Freedman Paul , Bonilha Vera L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSomatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation accumulation has been observed in individuals with retinal degenerative disorders. To study the effects of aging and mtDNA mutation accumulation in the retina, a Polymerase gamma (POLG) deficiency model, the POLGD257Amutator mice (PolgD257A), was used. POLG is an enzyme responsible for regulating mtDNA replication and repair. Retinas of young and older mice with this mutation were analyzed in vivo and ex vivo to provide new insights into the contribution of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction due to mtDNA damage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis revealed a decrease in retinal and photoreceptor thickness starting at 6 months of age in mice with the POLGD257Amutation compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Electroretinography (ERG) testing showed a significant decrease in all recorded responses at 6 months of age. Sections labeled with markers of different types of retinal cells, including cones, rods, and bipolar cells, exhibited decreased labeling starting at 6 months. However, electron microscopy analysis revealed differences in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) mitochondria morphology beginning at 3 months. Interestingly, there was no increase in oxidative stress observed in the retina or RPE of POLGD257A mice. Additionally, POLGD257A RPE exhibited an accelerated rate of autofluorescence cytoplasmic granule formation and accumulation. Mitochondrial markers displayed decreased abundance in protein lysates obtained from retina and RPE samples. These findings suggest that the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations leads to impaired mitochondrial function and accelerated aging, resulting in retinal degeneration.
Diet-induced changes in metabolism influence immune response and viral shedding dynamics in Jamaican fruit bats
Authors: Falvo Caylee , Crowley Dan , Benson Evelyn , Hall Monica N. , Schwarz Benjamin , Bohrnsen Eric , Ruiz-Aravena Manuel , Hebner Madison , Ma Wenjun , Schountz Tony , Rynda-Apple Agnieszka , Plowright Raina K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLand-use change may drive viral spillover from bats into humans, partly through dietary shifts caused by decreased availability of native foods and increased availability of cultivated foods. We manipulated diets of Jamaican fruit bats to investigate whether diet influences shedding of a virus they naturally host. To reflect dietary changes experienced by wild bats during periods of nutritional stress, bats were fed either standard or putative suboptimal diets which were deprived of protein (suboptimal-sugar) and/or supplemented with fat (suboptimal-fat). Upon H18N11 influenza A-virus infection, bats fed the suboptimal-sugar diet shed the most viral RNA for the longest period, but bats fed the suboptimal-fat diet shed the least viral RNA for the shortest period. Unlike mice and humans, bats fed the suboptimal-fat diet displayed higher pre-infection levels of metabolic markers associated with gut health. Diet-driven heterogeneity in viral shedding may influence population-level viral dynamics in wild bats and alter risk of shedding and spillover to humans.
Architecture as frozen music: perception of crossing boundaries as audible experience
Authors: Seo Kyung Wook , Kim Dong Yoon 
Published: December 2023

Purpose Analysis of architectural space is commonly conducted by examining architectural drawings that project spatial information by means of walls and partitions. To capture the lived experience of space, which is richer than what we can see from drawings, a new method is proposed to quantify the cognitive dimension of space and re-present it as an audible format.Design/methodology/approach Using an urban vernacular house in Seoul as a case study, this research takes a syntactic approach to quantify one's changing perception through their movement from the main gate to the most private reception room. Based on Luigi Moretti's theory of hollow space, a new method is proposed to measure the level of spatial pressure exerted on a navigating body. The numerical data of spatial pressure are then converted to a sound using musical techniques of the chromatic scale and chorale textures.Findings Building on Moretti's abstract concept, it has been shown that a rule-based quantification of users' spatial perception is possible. In addition, unlike conventional approaches of treating architecture as a static entity, this study showed an alternative approach to represent it as a sequence of sensorial experience that can be readily converted to a sound of music.Originality/value This research developed a quantification method to measure the perception of pressure inside buildings by revisiting Luigi Moretti's theory proposed in 1952. It has been also demonstrated that the visual stimuli in space can be translated into an audible experience. This new method is applicable to a wide range of buildings including important historic architecture.
Truck Hall: riding with the tide
Authors: Gubbi Sathyajit , Grandhi Supraja , Soni Asma 
Published: December 2023

Learning outcomes
Upon completion of the case study, students should be able to understand how changes in a macro environment affect the competitive landscape in an emerging market; acquire a granular understanding about the logistics industry in an emerging market and the various business models developed to service customer needs; determine the attractiveness and challenges of doing business in a fragmented but sunrise industry in an emerging market; and identify the drivers for growth and profitability in the logistics business.

Case overview/synopsis
Manisha Sharaf (she/her) and her co-founders conceived the idea of Truck Hall in 2011 to ride with the tide created by booming public investments in the infrastructure and transportation sector. Truck Hall aimed to improve the efficiency of the logistics industry in India by extensively using technology. However, the market research showed that technology-driven services in logistics faced many challenges owing to low internet penetration in the country, weak network connectivity during transportation and the low literacy rates of the truck drivers who were central to this industry. Between 2015 and 2018, Truck Hall experimented with several business models including load board, brokerage and integrated transporter with the sole purpose of achieving profitable growth in a highly fragmented industry with razor-thin margins. This case documented the dilemma faced by a startup in a high-growth but largely unorganized and unregulated industry in a developing economy. Should Truck Hall continue with the current business model of being a niche player or should it vertically integrate and control major segments of the value chain? Should it compromise on growth to become profitable or first scale up?

Complexity academic level
This case study can be used at the undergraduate, graduate and executive levels.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
HRA adoption via organizational analytics maturity: examining the role of institutional theory, resource-based view and diffusion of innovation
Authors: Ioakeimidou Despoina , Chatzoudes Dimitrios , Symeonidis Symeon , Chatzoglou Prodromos 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis study aims to develop and test an original conceptual framework that examines the role of various factors borrowed from three theories (i.e. Institutional Theory, Resource-Based View and Diffusion of Innovation) in adopting Human Resource Analytics (HRA).Design/methodology/approachA new conceptual framework (research model) is developed based on previous research and coherent theoretical arguments. Its factors are classified using the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. Research hypotheses are tested using primary data collected from 152 managers of Greek organizations. Empirical data are analyzed using the “Structural Equation Modelling” (SEM) technique.FindingsThe technological and organizational context proved extremely important in enhancing Organizational Analytics Maturity (OAM) and HRA adoption, while the environmental context did not. Relative advantage and top management support were found to significantly impact the adoption of HRA, while Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, human resource capabilities and top management support are crucial for increasing OAM. Overall, the latter is the most important factor in enhancing HRA adoption.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited published research on HRA adoption while at the same time it can be used as a guideline for future research. The novel findings offer insights into the factors impacting OAM and HRA adoption.
Gender Gaps in Unpaid Domestic and Care Work: Putting The Pandemic in (a Life Course) Perspective
Authors: Baxter Janeen , Campbell Alice , Lee Rennie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOur paper examines trends in gender inequalities in unpaid domestic and care work over the short‐ and long‐term in Australia, including assessing the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdowns. We use the concept of time—historical, biographical and transitional—as a framework for our analyses. Drawing on data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, we find wide and continuing gender gaps in unpaid work over the past two decades. We demonstrate that parenthood is a far greater producer and exacerbator of gender inequalities in unpaid domestic and care work than COVID‐19 lockdowns.
Metagovernance forms for enhancing sustainability‐oriented innovation in a knowledge ecosystem
Authors: Fiandrino Simona , Gromis di Trana Melchior , Tonelli Alberto , Rizzato Fabio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explores how different actors operating in a knowledge ecosystem catalyse sustainability‐oriented innovation. Through collaborative practices among actors, knowledge ecosystems constitute a fertile ground for sustainability‐oriented innovation to grow and flourish by creating value for businesses and society. The current literature on knowledge ecosystems is lacking in outlining governing mechanisms to foster collaborative practices aimed at advocating open innovation for sustainability transition. This study aims to close this literature gap. Through interview data collected in a knowledge ecosystem, we apply precepts of grounded theory to reveal four forms of metagovernance—network design, network framing, network management and network participation. This study proposes a conceptual framework of metagovernance forms as powering layers to foster sustainability‐oriented innovation in a knowledge ecosystem. We further discuss potential weaknesses that may jeopardise the development of sustainability‐oriented innovation in the knowledge ecosystem. This study contributes to the literature on sustainability‐oriented innovation by acknowledging metagovernance as the appropriate governing mechanism that balances the activities and processes of sustainability‐oriented innovations for becoming and being sustainable.
Embodying intimacy in everyday interaction: A biolinguistic study of long‐term partners in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E. , DeCaro Jason A. , Gall Baili , Monocello Lawrence T. , Pederson Joshua R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrawing on linguistic and biocultural anthropological perspectives on embodiment, this paper advances a “biolinguistic” approach to ethnographic research on intimacy, attending simultaneously to the co‐constitutive interactive, psychophysiological, and phenomenological processes that emerge in everyday embodied interaction between long‐term, cohabitating romantic partners. Through concurrent attention to natural interactions captured during video ethnography and moment‐to‐moment shifts in heart‐rate variability, this study complements and complicates existing psychological, communication, and anthropological research on intimacy. Three case‐studies of long‐term couples residing in the Southeastern United States demonstrate how neither pure psychophysiology nor pure linguistic analysis fully encapsulates potential patterns of intimacy among them. Rather, this microanalytical, biolinguistic approach to the complexities of body and language interplay, in treating embodiment and interaction as bidirectional phenomena, emphasizes that meanings and enactments of intimacy might look different for each couple and can change over time in complex ways that index couples’ enduring orientations towards various cultural and relational norms.
Measures that matter should define accountability and governance frameworks
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim , Gainsford Len 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety has clearly identified the issues with our Australian residential aged care system, its recommendations—so far—have not been translated into policies that will ensure a framework in which nursing home operators and care staff are empowered to focus on what matters—ensuring vulnerable residents receive care that meets their needs and preserves their dignity. For this to be achievable the system requires measures that in the first instance reflect the system's purpose, and that all stakeholders can use to improve care. Such measures need to be easy to understand and implement, and most importantly reduce bureaucratic burden.
Current status of the position on labor progress prediction for contemporary pregnant women using Friedman curves: An updated review
Authors: Watanabe Kaori 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimPrediction of labor progression is important for maternal and fetal health, as improved accuracy can lead to more timely intervention and improved outcomes. This review aims to outline the importance of predicting the progression of spontaneous parturition, detail the various methods employed to enhance this prediction and provide recommendations for future research.MethodsWe searched articles relating to labor progression and systematic review articles on Artificial Inteligence (AI) in childbirth management using PubMed. To supplement, Google Scholar was used to find recent guidelines and related documents.ResultsTraditional methods like vaginal examinations, criticized for subjectivity and inaccuracy, are gradually being replaced by ultrasound, considered a more objective and accurate approach. Further advancements have been observed with machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, which promise to surpass the accuracies of conventional methods. The Friedman curve, developed in 1954, is the standard for assessing labor progress, but its application to Asian women, in particular, remains controversial, and various studies have reported that the actual rate of labor was slower than that indicated by the Friedman curve.ConclusionThere is a need to innovate methodologies for predicting delivery tailored to modern pregnant women, especially when they have different genetic and cultural backgrounds than their Western counterparts, such as Asians. Future research should develop predictive models of labor progression that aim to enhance medical intervention and improve the safety and well‐being of both mother and child.
Physical activity and its relationship to burden and health concerns in family caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: da Silva‐Sauer Leandro , Garcia Ricardo Basso , Fonsêca Égina Karoline Gonçalves , Fernández‐Calvo Bernardino 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCaring for people with dementia (PwD) usually triggers stress and leads to mental and somatic health complaints (SHCs). Physical activity (PA) can provide burden relief in PwD caregivers, but it is not clear whether PA habits would contribute to reducing SHCs. This study aims to analyze the effect of PA on the relationship between burden and SHCs in a sample of family caregivers of PwD.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐seven caregivers of PwD reported their PA habits, and completed the Giessen's Subjective Health Complaints Questionnaire (GBB‐8) and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The relationship between PA habits, burden of care (ZBI), and SHCs (B‐GBB‐8 scale) was examined. Subsequently, the moderating effect of PA habits on the relationship between burden and SHCs was tested.ResultsPA habit was inversely associated with ZBI (rbp = −0.242) and GBB‐8 scores (rbp (Gastrointestinal) = −0.174; rbp (Musculoskeletal) = −0.195; rbp (Exhaustion) = −0.247; rbp (Cardiovascular) = −0.250; and rbp (Overall) = −0.257, respectively), whereas moderate positive correlations were found between ZBI and GBB‐8 scores (r (Gastrointestinal) = 0.483; r (Musculoskeletal) = 0.536; r (Exhaustion) = 0.542; r (Cardiovascular) = 0.438; and r (Overall) = 0.598, respectively). The interaction effect of PA habit and burden was significant for the overall SHCs (b = −0.11; P < 0.05) and cardiovascular complaints (b = −0.06; P < 0.05). However, the association between burden and SHCs was significant (P < 0.001) only for sedentary caregivers.ConclusionThese findings indicate that maintaining an active lifestyle through regular PA could potentially help alleviate the adverse effects of caregiver burden on somatic health among caregivers of PwD. Encouraging and endorsing PA interventions for informal caregivers might yield substantial advantages for their health and general well‐being.
Understanding the implications of low knowledge and high uncertainty in risk studies
Authors: Thekdi Shital , Aven Terje 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRisk analysis has existed for thousands of years and will continue to grow in importance across professions and industries. Of special importance is the need to understand and manage risk when there is low knowledge and high uncertainties. Even with pristine and high‐quality risk analysis in these situations, integrity and credibility can be questioned, and risk events can happen. Although these issues do not prove some shortcoming in risk analysis and risk management, they can directly impact the risk analyst and decision‐makers. The risk literature has addressed the issues of defining and promoting integrity and credibility for risk studies, but there is little existing guidance for the analyst when handling the commonly encountered low knowledge and high uncertainty contexts. In this article, we explore the implications of low knowledge and high uncertainty in risk studies to understand how the risk analyst can acknowledge those features in a risk study, with recognition that those features may be questioned later. The topic of this article will be of interest to risk managers, professionals, and analysts in general who are tasked with analyzing and communicating with studies.