bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Predictors of Poor Prenatal Care and Well-Child Visit Attendance
Authors: Wolf Elizabeth R. , Richards Alicia , Sabo Roy T. , Woolf Steven H. , Nelson Bergen B. , Krist Alex H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Women and children continue to miss preventive visits. Which neighborhood factors predict inadequate prenatal care (PNC) and well-child visit (WCV) attendance remain unclear.

Description
In a retrospective case–control study at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, mothers with less than 50% adherence or initiation after 5 months gestation were eligible as cases and those with ≥ 80% adherence and initiation before 5 months were eligible as controls. Children in the lowest quintile of adherence were eligible as cases and those with ≥ 80% of adherence were eligible as controls. Cases and controls were randomly selected at a 1:2 ratio and matched on birth month. Covariates were derived from the 2018 American Community Survey. A hotspot was defined as a zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) with a proportion of controls less than 0.66. ZCTAs with fewer than 5 individuals were excluded. Weighted quantile regression was used to determine which covariates were most associated with inadequate attendance.

Assessment
We identified 38 and 35 ZCTAs for the PNC and WCV analyses, respectively. Five of 11 hotspots for WCV were also hotspots for PNC. Education and income predicted 51% and 34% of the variation in missed PNCs, respectively; language, education and transportation difficulties explained 33%, 29%, and 17% of the variation in missed WCVs, respectively. Higher proportions of Black residents lived in hotspots of inadequate PCV and WCV attendance.

Conclusion
Neighborhood-level factors performed well in predicting inadequate PCV and WCV attendance. The disproportionate impact impact of inadequate PCV and WCV in neighborhoods where higher proportions of Black people lived highlights the potential influence of systemic racism and segregation on healthcare utilization.
On the Interest-Promoting Effect of Outreach Science Labs: A Comparison of Students’ Interest during Experimentation at an Outreach Science Lab and at School
Authors: Kirchhoff Tim , Wilde Matthias , Großmann Nadine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOutreach science labs aim to promote students’ interest. Previous research has often suggested that performing experiments in such labs has a positive effect on their interest. However, these studies often lack a comparison to the effects of performing them at school. This research gap was addressed in the present study. The sample consisted of 402 upper-secondary level students (age: M = 16.53 years, SD = 0.80 years) who performed three experiments on the topic of enzymology either in an outreach science lab (n = 203) or at school (n = 199). Contrary to the assumption, experimentation at the outreach science lab did not outperform experimentation at school in terms of students’ psychological state of interest in the comparison to the school setting. Surprisingly, differences in the value-related component of the psychological state of interest were even found in favor of the school treatment.
Tunable Laser Spectrometers for Planetary Science
Authors: Webster Christopher R. , Hofmann Amy E. , Mahaffy Paul R. , Atreya Sushil K. , House Christopher H. , Simon Amy A. , Garvin James B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDistinguishing planetary formation and evolution pathways and understanding the origins of volatiles on planetary bodies requires determination of relative abundances and isotope ratios in the noble gases, and also of the isotope ratios in C, H, N, O and S at high precisions. Traditional planetary mass spectrometers uniquely provide excellent survey capability including the noble gas relative abundances and their isotope ratios. However, to distinguish planetary evolution models for the outer planets, stable isotope ratios in C and O require precisions of ∼10‰ or better, readily achievable with a tunable laser spectrometer (TLS). As demonstrated on the Mars Curiosity rover, and as planned for a now-selected NASA Venus mission, tunable laser spectrometers play a unique role synergistic with the capabilities of planetary mass spectrometers. The TLS technique of recording infrared absorption spectra at ultrahigh resolution (resolving power$\lambda $λ/$\delta \lambda \sim 5$δλ∼5million) provides unambiguous detection of a wide variety of gases such as H2O, H2O2, H2CO, HOCl, NO, NO2, HNO3, N2O, O3, CO, CO2, NH3, N2H4, PH3, H2S, SO2, OCS, HCl, HF, O2, HCN, and CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6at parts-per-billion levels. Through line-depth or line-area ratio comparisons of adjacent spectral lines, planetary TLS instruments can achieve isotope ratio measurements in C, H, N, O, and S molecules at precisions of ∼1–2‰, including for the triple isotope components of O and S. Expected performance of TLS instruments for Venus, Saturn, Enceladus and Uranus will be described as constrained by actual measurements reported at Mars on the Curiosity rover.
Explication in the Space of Reasons: What Sellars and Carnap Could Offer to Each Other
Authors: Pete Krisztián , Tuboly Adam Tamas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we reconsider the highly underrated Carnap–Sellars relationship, arguing that Sellars might be able to provide an interesting resolution to some of Carnap’s finest problems around explication by offering a grand-scale picture of science/common-sense or manifest interactions. The narrative developed here points toward the need for some stratification and re-evaluation of a field of scholarship that all too often still engages in challenging and contradictory dichotomies, undermining the genuine intentions of scholars who were collaborating with, as well as living and researching in parallel with each other. We would like to explore what these figures can offer to each other, and whether, for example, a truly Sellarsian perspective could illuminate any problematic points in Carnap that have not yet been problematized by Carnapians but could still improve the original system.
Value creation and appropriation from the use of machine learning: a study of start-ups using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Costa-Climent Ricardo , Navarrete Samuel Ribeiro , Haftor Darek M. , Staniewski Marcin W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on how start-ups use machine learning technology to create and appropriate value. A firm’s use of machine learning can activate data network effects. These data network effects can then create perceived value for users. This study examines the interaction between the activation of data network effects by start-ups and the value that they are able to create and appropriate based on their business model. A neo-configurational approach built on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) explores how the design of a firm’s business model interacts with various aspects to explain value creation and appropriation using machine learning. The study uses a sample of 122 European start-ups created between 2019 and 2022. It explores the system of interactions between business model value drivers and value creation factors under the theory of data network effects. The findings show that start-ups primarily activate the efficiency and novelty elements of value creation and value capture.
Lehramtsstudierende im ersten Studienjahr – Die Veränderung ihrer Fehlerorientierung im Zusammenhang mit der Lehrkraftselbstwirksamkeit
Authors: Müller Juliane , Böhnke Anja , Thiel Felicitas 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungLehramtsstudierende im ersten Studienjahr verfügen nur über wenig Erfahrungswissen und Handlungskompetenz. Ihnen können daher im Rahmen ihrer ersten Praxisphase häufiger Fehler im Unterricht unterlaufen. Von Bedeutung ist daher, wie die Lehramtsstudierenden Fehler im Unterricht für sich bewerten: als Bedrohung (Misserfolg) oder Lerngelegenheit? In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Lehrkraftselbstwirksamkeit als relevante Coping-Ressource diskutiert. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, zu untersuchen, wie sich die Fehlerorientierung von Lehramtsstudierenden während des ersten Studienjahres verändert und welche Rolle die Lehrkraftselbstwirksamkeit dabei spielt. Angenommen wird, dass sich eine lernorientierte Fehlerorientierung entwickelt und sich ein positiver Effekt der Lehrkraftselbstwirksamkeit darauf zeigt. Die Lehramtsstudierenden wurden per Paper-Pencil zu Beginn des Bachelorstudiums (T1; N = 676) und am Ende des zweiten Fachsemesters (T2; N = 465) – nach einer vierwöchigen Praxisphase – befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Latent Change Analysen zeigten einen signifikanten Anstieg der lernorientierten Bewertung von Fehlern im Unterricht. Erwartungskonform war die Zunahme bei den Lehramtsstudierenden unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt. Die Lehrkraftselbstwirksamkeit hatte hingegen erwartungswidrig einen signifikant negativen Effekt auf die Veränderung der lernorientierten Bewertung von Fehlern.
Individualisierender Unterricht und der Wandel der Leistungsordnung. Erträge subjektivierungstheoretischer Forschung zur Responsibilisierung für Leistung in Praktiken
Authors: Rabenstein Kerstin , Steinwand Julia , Strauß Svenja 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurde bildungspolitisch auf eine als heterogen wahrgenommene Schülerschaft mit individualisierendem Unterricht reagiert. Statt danach zu fragen, wie individualisierender Unterricht den Erwartungen bezüglich der Antwort auf das andauernde Problem ungleicher Chancen auf Bildungserfolg im deutschen Schulsystem gerecht wird, fragt der Beitrag nach verborgenen Machteffekten dieser pädagogisch idealisierten Form. Dafür rekonstruiert er ausgewählte Praktiken auf ihren subjektivierenden Gehalt hin. Er fragt, welche Regeln des Aufgabenarbeitens im individualisierenden Unterrichts mobilisiert werden: Wie also wird individualisiertes Lernen bzw. Arbeiten hervorgebracht und wie werden somit Schüler*innen als in der Verantwortung für ihr Lernen stehende Subjekte konstituiert? Ausgehend von einer Skizze zum Forschungsstand wird die Frage nach der geteilten Normativität miteinander verschränkter Praktiken als zentrale methodologische Weichenstellung einer über einzelne Situationen hinausgehende Forschung begründet und die These der Responsibilisierung von Schüler*innen für eigenes (Nicht‑)Vorankommen im individualisierenden Unterricht an ausgewähltem Datenmaterial plausibilisiert.
The Development of a Thermodynamic Database for Calculation and Prediction of Phase Equilibria in High-Temperature Refractory Alloys: A Tribute to Ted Massalski
Authors: Spencer P. J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for materials capable of withstanding ever-higher temperatures. However, because the difficulties associated with carrying out experimental investigations at very high temperatures are significant, the published information relating to the phase stability of potential refractory materials is, in many instances, still lacking. The work described in this paper attempts to rectify this deficit through the on-going development of a thermodynamic database for high-temperature materials based on carbides, nitrides, borides, and silicides. Because of technological requirements of high-temperature stability and strength, combined with lightness, these are the materials that come into question most frequently for high-temperature applications. In developing the present database, and to ensure reliability of its use, emphasis has been placed on the need to maintain the compatibility of data and modeling when assessing experimental data and estimating missing values. The methods used to achieve compatibility of published information are described and calculations of phase equilibria relevant to the industrial application of various refractory materials are presented. The similarity to, and the importance of the scientific background and published work of Ted Massalski for the work of the present author is stressed.
A scheme for realizing nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer topological systems
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Gu Ruizhe , Li Yandong , Qi Huixin , Hu Xiaoyong , Wang Xingyuan , Gong Qihuang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonreciprocal interlayer coupling is difficult to practically implement in bilayer non-Hermitian topological photonic systems. In this work, we identify a similarity transformation between the Hamiltonians of systems with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling and on-site gain/loss. The similarity transformation is widely applicable, and we show its application in one- and two-dimensional bilayer topological systems as examples. The bilayer non-Hermitian system with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling, whose topological number can be defined using the gauge-smoothed Wilson loop, is topologically equivalent to the bilayer system with on-site gain/loss. We also show that the topological number of bilayer non-Hermitian C6v-typed domain-induced topological interface states can be defined in the same way as in the case of the bilayer non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. Our results show the relations between two microscopic provenances of the non-Hermiticity and provide a universal and convenient scheme for constructing and studying nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer non-Hermitian topological systems. This scheme is useful for observation of non-Hermitian skin effect in three-dimensional systems.
Graphical Abstract
Genetically Proxied Therapeutic Effect of Metformin Use, Blood Pressure, and Hypertension’s Risk: a Drug Target-Based Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Junhong , Hu Di , Zhang Qi , Lin Zenan ,   on behalf of The μ-Biomedical Data Investigation Group (Mu-BioDig)
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, we aim to evaluate the association of the genetically proxied effect of metformin on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension through a drug target-based Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Thirty-two instrumental variables for five metformin targets (i.e., AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), mitochondrial glycerol 3 (MG3), mitochondrial complex I (MCI), and glucagon (GCG)) were introduced to the MR analysis on the datasets of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). The MR analyses demonstrated that the MCI- and MG3-specific metformin’s use would significantly reduce SBP, DBP, and hypertension risk. The meta-analyses showed that the genetically proxied metformin’s use equivalent to a 6.75 mmol/mol reduction on HbA1c could decrease both the SBP (beta =  − 1.05, P < 0.001) and DBP (beta =  − 0.51, P = 0.096). Furthermore, metformin’s use was also implied to reduce the hypertension risk. The MG3- and MCI-dependent metformin’s effect may play key roles in the anti-hypertension function.
Graphical Abstract
Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review, frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Authors: Hundscheid Tamara M. , Gulden Silvia , Almutairi Mohamad F. , Bartoš František , Cavallaro Giacomo , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is generally considered to be more frequent in males than in females. However, it is not known whether sex differences in ROP affect all degrees of the condition, are global and have changed as neonatology has developed. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies addressing sex differences in the risk of developing ROP.

Methods
PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched. The frequentist, random-effects risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Bayesian model averaged (BMA) meta-analysis was used to calculate the Bayes factors (BFs). The BF10 is the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis (H1) over the probability of the data under the null hypothesis (H0).

Results
We included 205 studies (867,252 infants). Frequentist meta-analysis showed a positive association between male sex and severe ROP (113 studies, RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07–1.22) but no association with any ROP (144 studies, RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.96–1.03). BMA showed extreme evidence in favor of H1 for severe ROP (BF10 = 71,174) and strong evidence in favor of H0 for any ROP (BF10 = 0.05). The association between male sex and severe ROP remained stable over time and was present only in cohorts from countries with a high or high-middle sociodemographic index.

Conclusions
Our study confirms the presence of a male disadvantage in severe ROP but not in less severe forms of the disease. There are variations in the sex differences in ROP, depending on geographical location and sociodemographic level of the countries.

Graphical abstract
The Aetiology and Global Impact of Paediatric Sepsis
Authors: Bracken Abbey , Lenihan Rebecca , Khanijau Aakash , Carrol Enitan D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides an overview of paediatric sepsis, focusing on sepsis definitions in children, global aetiology of sepsis, application of biomarkers in clinical practice, and challenges of global application of current evidence.

Recent Findings
Clinical definitions for paediatric sepsis vary, and a validated measurement is lacking. Aetiology varies by age and geography, with differences in healthcare, vaccination, and pathogens. Biomarkers show promise but have limited translation to clinical practice, especially in children.

Summary
Paediatric sepsis has a significant global impact, with high mortality and long-term morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Adapting definitions and validating biomarkers are crucial, especially in LMICs. Global efforts are needed to improve identification and management of paediatric sepsis, along with the evolving challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A global approach is essential to address complexities and enhance outcomes for affected children worldwide.
Real-world HbA1c changes and prescription characteristics among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients initiating treatment with once weekly semaglutide for diabetes
Authors: Frazer Monica , Swift Caroline , Sargent Andrew , Leszko Michael , Buysman Erin , Gronroos Noelle N. , Alvarez Sara , Dunn Tyler J. , Noone Josh , Gamble Cory L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient, prescriber, and dose characteristics and evaluate changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for patients prescribed once weekly semaglutide for diabetes (OW sema T2D).

Methods
This study was a retrospective claims-based study using the Optum Research Database. The sample included adult patients who had at least one claim for OW sema T2D between Jan 1, 2018, and Dec 31, 2019, were continuously enrolled in the health plan and had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) during the pre-index or post-index periods. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients using OW sema T2D were collected, as were the dose and prescriber specialty and the change between pre-index and post-index HbA1c measures was calculated. Results were stratified by the latest pre-index HbA1c measurement (HbA1c greater than or equal to 9.0%, uncontrolled vs. HbA1c less than 9%, controlled). Statistical comparisons between HbA1c groups were conducted.

Results
Most patients, 76.3%, were prescribed a 0.25/0.50 mg dose of OW sema T2D. Patients had an overall decrease in HbA1c of 0.8% and patients with uncontrolled diabetes had a greater reduction in mean HbA1c compared to those with controlled diabetes (-2.1% vs. -0.3%, p < 0.001). Most patients had their index dose of OW sema T2D prescribed by endocrinologists (27.6%) primary care providers (24.6%) and internal medicine providers (21.6%).

Conclusions
OW sema T2D is an effective real-world T2DM treatment. Future research should further investigate real-world use patterns of this medication.
The field of moduli of varieties with a structure
Authors: Bresciani Giulio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIf X is a variety with an additional structure $$\xi $$
ξ
, such as a marked point, a divisor, a polarization, a group structure and so forth, then it is possible to study whether the pair $$(X,\xi )$$

(
X
,
ξ
)

is defined over the field of moduli. There exists a precise definition of “algebraic structures” which covers essentially all of the obvious concrete examples. We prove several formal results about algebraic structures. There are immediate applications to the study of fields of moduli of curves and finite sets in $$\mathbb {P}^{2}$$

P

2

, but the results are completely general. Fix G a finite group of automorphisms of X, a G-structure is an algebraic structure with automorphism group equal to G. First, we prove that G-structures on X are in a 1 : 1 correspondence with twisted forms of $$X/G\dashrightarrow \mathscr {B}G$$

X
/
G
⤏
B
G

. Secondly we show that, under some assumptions, every algebraic structure on X is equivalent to the structure given by some 0-cycle. Third, we give a cohomological criterion for checking the existence of G-structures not defined over the field of moduli. Fourth, we identify geometric conditions about the action of G on X which ensure that every G-structure is defined over the field of moduli.
Fight against Corruption-Related Crimes in Wartime in Ukraine
Authors: Holovkin Bohdan M. , Semenyshyn Mykola , Tavolzhanskyi Oleksii V. , Lysodyed Oleksandr V. , Smetanina Nataliia V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical and practical analysis of the issues in the legal regulation of corruption prevention, study the state of the fight against corruption and the legalization of proceeds of corruption-related crimes under martial law, determine new corruption risks during a war, and suggest recommendations for their minimization. The authors of this article established the main problems that cause the emergence and spread of corruption in society and ways to overcome this phenomenon. The study’s results established that independent anti-corruption agencies and authorized law enforcement agencies have continued preventive and law enforcement activities even under war conditions, their purpose being to ensure the normal State functioning, the country’s defence capacity, and society’s security. In law-making and law enforcement activities, this research work can help to improve international relations between Ukraine and foreign countries in the context of the development of bilateral relations regarding the provision of assistance to Ukraine for post-war recovery, the attraction of investment, the fight against corruption, and possible accession to the European Union.
Delay and settlement: The disposition of medical negligence claims in Ireland
Authors: Tumelty Mary-Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReflecting the international experience, statistics show that most medical negligence cases in Ireland settle. Less is known, however, about the duration of these cases, though anecdotal evidence suggests that they are protracted in nature. Procedurally focused reforms, aimed at reducing costs and facilitating more expedient resolution of these disputes have been proposed in Ireland, yet await implementation. As such, the pace of litigation is largely determined by the parties to the dispute. Drawing on the findings of an empirical study (an analysis of closed case files and qualitative interviews), this article explores two questions: first, how long do medical negligence cases take to resolve; and secondly, what contributes to delay in this context. Whilst causes of delay may vary by case, it is important to attempt to identify and explore common factors which contribute to delay. If these factors can be problematised and understood, possible solutions may be reached. In doing so, the article contributes to the debate on medical negligence reform across common law jurisdictions, evidencing the broader considerations, in addition to procedurally focused reforms, which are required when considering the issue of delay.