bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting microstructurally sensitive fatigue‐crack path in WE43 magnesium using high‐fidelity numerical modeling and three‐dimensional experimental characterization
Authors: Phung Brian R. , Greeley Duncan A. , Yaghoobi Mohammadreza , Adams Jacob F. , Allison John E. , Spear Ashley D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrostructurally small fatigue‐crack growth in polycrystalline materials is highly three‐dimensional due to sensitivity to local microstructural features (e.g., grains). One requirement for modeling microstructurally sensitive crack propagation is establishing the criteria that govern crack evolution, including crack deflection. Here, a high‐fidelity finite‐element modeling framework is used to assess the performance and validity of various crack‐growth criteria, including slip‐based metrics (e.g., fatigue‐indicator parameters), as potential criteria for predicting three‐dimensional crack paths in polycrystalline materials. The modeling framework represents cracks as geometrically explicit discontinuities and involves voxel‐based remeshing, mesh‐gradation control, and a crystal‐plasticity constitutive model. The predictions are compared to experimental measurements of WE43 magnesium samples subject to fatigue loading, for which three‐dimensional grain structures and fatigue‐crack surfaces were measured post‐mortem using near‐field high‐energy x‐ray diffraction microscopy and x‐ray computed tomography. Findings from this work are expected to improve the predictive capabilities of simulations involving microstructurally small fatigue‐crack growth in polycrystalline materials.
New keratose sponges after the end‐Permian extinction provide insights into biotic recoveries
Authors: Wu Siqi , Reitner Joachim , Harper David A. T. , Yu Jianxin , Chen Zhong‐Qiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe challenge the prevailing view that the end‐Permian extinction impeded the Triassic evolution of sponges. Here, we report a deep‐water community dominated by abundant keratose sponges in the lowest Triassic strata from Southwest China. The sponge fossils occur as dark elliptical imprints in mudstone with distinct oscula on their tops. The structure of preserved fibers suggests closest affinity with the extant Dictyoceratida, an aspiculate demosponge. The exceptional preservation plays a crucial role in retaining their exquisite structures. Sedimentary, taphonomic, pyrite framboid, and trace elemental analyses indicate that the sponges proliferated in an oxygen‐poor habitat, demonstrating the high tolerance of sponges to severe conditions. Sponge proliferation is a signal of environmental upheaval but they also stabilized the ecosystem, driving the first phase of biotic recovery after the end‐Permian extinction.
Effect of chop length of grass silage harvested at two maturity stages, and of concentrate protein level, on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows
Authors: Randby Åshild T. , Dønnem Ingjerd , Prestløkken Egil , Martin Adam D. , Steen Arvid , Eknæs Margrete 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study in dairy cow feeding explored the effects of growth stage and chop length for grass‐clover silage, and of concentrate protein level, including the interactions of these three factors. The experiment was conducted with 48 Norwegian Red cows according to a cyclic change‐over design with four 4‐week experimental periods and eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Round bale silage from a mixed sward of timothy, meadow fescue, and red clover was harvested at two growth stages (H1, H2) and offered to dairy cows either unchopped with median particle length of 152 mm or chopped to 19 mm median particle length before feeding. A low protein (LP) concentrate containing 7% lignosulphonate treated soybean meal (SBM) and a high protein (HP) concentrate containing 12% solvent extracted SBM were compared. Silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 8 kg concentrate per day. Silage dry matter intake was 2.0 kg higher for H1 than H2 silage, which supported a higher yield of milk, energy‐corrected milk and the milk constituents, fat, protein, and lactose. All these measures of milk production, as well as feed energy efficiency and N use efficiency, increased when silage was fed chopped rather than unchopped. Lignosulphonate treated SBM spared N in the diet without milk yield reductions. For efficient milk production with high energy and N utilisation, we recommend chopping to 20 mm for timothy, meadow fescue, and clover silages harvested in late stem elongation or in reproductive growth stages.
Sources of knowledge empowerment amongst pregnant women with TB disease: A qualitative study in South Africa
Authors: Adrinah Mulondo Seani , Base Khoza Lunic , Tsakani Lebese Rachel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundProviding relevant knowledge to empower all pregnant women diagnosed and nondiagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) is essential worldwide. Proper dissemination of health information for pregnant women could assist in preventing TB complications amongst women and babies. The study aimed to describe the sources of knowledge that empower pregnant women diagnosed with TB and improve their quality of life in Limpopo Province, South Africa.MethodologyThe study followed a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design. The study was conducted in 12 selected primary healthcare facilities in three crisis districts. Thirty‐five pregnant women with TB disease were purposively selected, and face‐to‐face interviews were conducted to generate data, which were analysed using the thematic approach. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical standards were adhered to.ResultsThe findings of this study revealed that healthcare workers, community stakeholders, and TB ambassadors are the primary sources of knowledge dissemination for capacitating women diagnosed with TB.ConclusionMost pregnant women lacked knowledge regarding TB ambassadors as sources of information for empowering women, community awareness campaigns, and Google searches as sources of information sharing. All stakeholders need to work together, considering the patients' charter for TB care that sets out the right for respect and information sharing. The emphasis of this study was on developing a comprehensive educational intervention that could assist in improving the quality of TB services offered to pregnant women.
Endobronchial spread of adenocarcinoma is a distinct pattern of invasion and associated with inferior clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Takahara Taishi , Satou Akira , Tsuyuki Takuji , Ito Takanori , Taniguchi Natsuki , Yamamoto Yuki , Ohashi Akiko , Takahashi Emiko , Kadota Kyuichi , Tsuzuki Toyonori 
Published: December 2023

AimThe spread of lung adenocarcinoma cells into the bronchi and bronchioles is not well documented. We termed this histological finding “endobronchial spreading of adenocarcinoma” (EBSA) and investigated its prevalence and clinical significance.Methods and ResultsWe reviewed 320 resected specimens from patients diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma, and EBSA was observed in 144 patients (45%). EBSA was significantly associated with advanced pathological stage, higher histological grade, larger tumour invasion, lymphovascular infiltration, and spread through air spaces. Patients with EBSA had significantly shorter relapse‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in univariate analysis (P < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of patient with small‐sized (invasion size ≤30 mm) adenocarcinoma in the localized stage, EBSA was an independent inferior prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis. In a subgroup analysis of patients with small‐sized Grade 1 nonmucinous adenocarcinoma (n = 61), EBSA was observed in 11 patients, and the presence of EBSA was associated with significantly shorter RFS and CSS (P = 0.026 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionOur results demonstrated that EBSA is a significant risk factor for disease recurrence and cancer‐related deaths. EBSA can be regarded as a distinctive pattern of invasion and its recognition can be beneficial in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
Food addiction and its impact on weight status in children and adolescents: The mediating role of responsive eating pattern
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Dan , Ye Xian , Chen Junqing , Fu Junfen , Xu Hongzhen 
Published: December 2023

SummaryAimsThis research explores the relationships between food addiction (FA), eating behaviours, and weight status in school‐aged children and adolescents, aiming to understand how FA influences weight.MethodsBy using a cross‐sectional design, 426 healthy children and their parents were enroled in Eastern China. FA was assessed using the Chinese version of the Dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS‐C 2.0), while eating patterns were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA) derived from the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Weight status was indicated by Body Mass Index Z Score (BMIZ) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). The associations among FA, eating patterns, and weight status were explored using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsTwo eating patterns, the Responsive and the Controlled Eating Patterns, were identified. The Responsive Eating Pattern was characterized by high food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional eating, fast eating, low satiety responsiveness, and food fussiness and was associated with FA and weight status (p < 0.001). The SEM results showed the Responsive Eating Pattern partially mediated the relationship between FA and weight status, with a mediation effect of 1.183 (95% CI [0.784, 1.629]) for BMIZ and 0.043 (95% CI [0.025, 0.063]) for WHtR.ConclusionIncreased FA is associated with a higher weight status through a specific eating behaviour pattern characterized by high responsiveness to food, emotional and rapid eating habits, and low satiety. The findings suggest that targeted interventions should take these eating behaviour patterns into account to reduce the impact of FA on weight status among children and adolescents.
Influence of severity of illnesses on risk of death in intensive care unit patients with severity of pressure injuries as mediating variable
Authors: Chang Wen‐Pei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study was to verify whether the severity of pressure injuries (PIs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients plays a mediating role in the relationship between severity of their illnesses and risk of death. I examined adult patients admitted to the ICUs between 1 January 2014 and 31 August 2021. The average follow‐up period was 11.34 months. A total of 390 ICU patients suffered from PIs. The influences of the APACHE II score of the ICU patients on the mediating variable ‘unstageable & DTPIs vs. Stage 1&2 PIs’ and on risk of death were significant. After controlling the influence of APACHE II score on risk of death, the influences of mediating variables ‘Stage 3&4 PIs vs. Stage 1&2 PIs’ and ‘unstageable & DTPIs vs. Stage 1&2 PIs’ on risk of death were also significant. The regression coefficient of APACHE II score of the ICU patients declined after the severity of PIs was included. The Sobel test on the indirect effects also reached the level of significance. The severity of illnesses is a factor that is beyond my control, severe PIs should still be prevented to lower the risk of death.
Influence of sodium hydroxide on phase transformation of gamma alumina to alpha alumina
Authors: Farrokhnemoun Darya , Sajjadivand Shahrzad , Parapari Sorour Semsari , Sturm Saso , Ow‐Yang Cleva W. , Gulgun Mehmet Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCorundum and transition alumina powders are commonly produced through the Bayer process—that is, by digestion of bauxite in a sodium hydroxide solution, followed by gibbsite precipitation, which contains significant amounts of Na+ ions. During the de‐hydroxylation of gibbsite, Na+ is associated with retardation of the structural phase transformations between transition alumina and corundum (α‐Al2O3) phases, although the exact role of Na is unclear. The influence of Na+ ions on the phase transformation of γ‐Al2O3 to α‐alumina was investigated by varying the concentration of NaOH in aqueous γ‐Al2O3 suspensions. The phase transformation behavior of γ‐Al2O3 was monitored through thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and transmission electron microscope. As the Na concentration in γ‐alumina suspensions increased, the amount of α‐Al2O3 decreased in samples that were heat treated at 1200°C for 2 h. XPS analysis indicated that washing transition alumina powders with NH4OH solutions had decreased the surface concentration of Na+ and facilitated the phase transformation to α‐Al2O3.
Effects of metformin on behavioral alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption in male rats
Authors: Rey Mariana , Coirini Héctor , Marchena Agustina , González Deniselle María Claudia , Kruse María Sol 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExcessive consumption of sugary drinks negatively impacts the developing brain, producing long‐lasting behavioral and metabolic disorders. Here, we study whether treatment with the antihyperglycemic agent metformin prevents some of the anxiety and memory alterations produced by chronic sucrose consumption. Male Sprague–Dawley rats had unrestricted access to water (control group) and a bottle containing a 10% sucrose solution (sucrose group, SUC) for 35 days. In parallel, a group of animals from SUC received metformin (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg, orally; MET 25 and MET 50 groups, respectively). After 2 weeks of metformin treatment, the animals weighed less than controls. SUC and MET 50 groups compensated for the caloric intake from the sugary solution by consuming less chow. In contrast, total energy intake in MET 25 was higher than the rest of the groups, but they still weighed less than control and SUC groups, suggesting that at this concentration, metformin delays body growth. The animals were then tested for the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object location (NOL) tests. In the OF, SUC animals spent more time in the central zone of the arena, evidenced by an increased number of entries and the distance traveled there. In the EPM, SUC animals spent more time in the open arms and less time in the central square. Metformin treatment prevented the decreased anxiety observed in SUC animals in the OF and EPM. In the NOL test, SUC animals showed less interest in novelty and metformin treatment did not improve this alteration. The preference for open spaces in the OF and EPM were associated with increased serum triglycerides (TG) and malondialdehyde levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HIP), while poor memory performance was associated with high basal blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the decreased anxiety‐like behavior produced by chronic sucrose consumption was prevented by metformin treatment, through a mechanism that probably involves normalization of TG levels and decreased oxidative stress in mPFC and HIP.
Public Care for Children in (Post)Socialist European Films: On the Side of Sons and Stepdaughters of the Nation?
Authors: Shmidt Victoria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explores the multifaceted role of films that disseminate critical views on public care for children in terms of their epistemic sensitivity towards the main challenges of constructing discursive practices around children and their subjectivity. Three cohorts of Eastern European films produced between the 1960s and 1990s are examined through the prism of two approaches to the deconstruction of the traditional objectified child and the development of his subjectivity, radical psychoanalysis and ‘child fundamentalism’. The diversity of critical arguments against residential care reverberates with a variety of gender‐based approaches to presenting children’s subjectivity in the films. I explore the sustainable difference between the films with either male or female protagonists through political contexts concerning the production of films and the options to accept the mission of epistemic activism regarding the children deprived in their subjectivity, namely those placed in residential care. To conclude, I discuss the exodus of epistemic activism from the post‐socialist Eastern European films about public care in favour of serving the mission of delegitimizing authoritative past and achieving positive public reception.
State‐level safety net spending and educational gaps in maternal time with children
Authors: Jackson Margot , Song Haoming , Kalil Ariel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examine how state spending on children is associated with the size of socioeconomic gaps in maternal childcare time.BackgroundPersistent socioeconomic divides in the amount and nature of parental time with children have prompted consideration of the factors that mitigate inequalities within the family. At both the national and local levels, the welfare state plays an important role in structuring opportunities for children. Thus, it is important to understand the institutional factors that shape parental behavior. Yet, little research examines how the social safety net is associated with family processes.MethodUsing rich data on maternal time with children from the American Time Use Surveys (2003–2016), combined with longitudinal data on public spending in states on major programs affecting children and families, we examine how state spending on children is associated with the size of socioeconomic gaps in maternal childcare time.ResultsWe found that higher levels of state spending were associated with significant increases in childcare time among low‐educated mothers at both the extensive and intensive margin, increasing the likelihood of spending any minutes on primary childcare in a typical day, as well as increasing the number of minutes spent on childcare. In contrast, we observed no variation in the behavior of highly educated mothers as state spending changes.ImplicationsState‐level investments could meaningfully narrow socioeconomic gaps in maternal time with children.
Stabilisation of femoral capital physeal fractures using transcervical pinning in cats: 19 cases (2014‐2022)
Authors: De Vreught L. , Fontenay R. , Berthelot P. H. , Josens A. , Coutant T. , Méheust P. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo report the short‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes in cats with femoral capital physeal fractures stabilised with transcervical pinning.Materials and MethodsMedical records of cats diagnosed with femoral capital physeal fractures and treated with transcervical pinning were reviewed. The collected data included signalment, weight, time from lameness to surgery, reported trauma, affected side, concomitant orthopaedic injuries, radiographs, osteoarthritis, femoral neck osteolysis, proximal femoral epiphysis to femoral neck ratio, fracture reduction, implants, complications and clinical evaluation results. An owner questionnaire was used for long‐term follow‐up.ResultsNineteen cats with a total of 21 fractures met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen of the 19 cats showed no signs of lameness at the 1‐month follow‐up. Major and catastrophic complications occurred in 9.5% and 23.8% of the fractures, respectively. All catastrophic complications occurred in fractures with a high preoperative osteolysis grade (2 or 3).Clinical SignificanceIn our study, transcervical pinning was found to be a reliable fixation method for the treatment of femoral capital physeal fractures in cats with minimal preoperative femoral neck osteolysis. High rates of implant failure with loss of fracture reduction were observed in cats with high‐grade preoperative osteolysis.
Glymphatic dysfunction coincides with lower GABA levels and sleep disturbances in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Tokatly Latzer Itay , Yang Edward , Afacan Onur , Arning Erland , Rotenberg Alexander , Lee Henry H. C. , Roullet Jean‐Baptiste , Pearl Phillip L. 
Published: December 2023

SummarySuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is an inherited metabolic disorder of γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) catabolism. Cerebral waste clearance along glymphatic perivascular spaces depends on aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channels, the function of which was shown to be influenced by GABA. Sleep disturbances are associated independently with SSADHD and glymphatic dysfunction. This study aimed to determine whether indices of the hyperGABAergic state characteristic of SSADHD coincide with glymphatic dysfunction and sleep disturbances and to explicate the modulatory effect that GABA may have on the glymphatic system. The study included 42 individuals (21 with SSADHD; 21 healthy controls) who underwent brain MRIs and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of glymphatic dysfunction and cortical GABA, plasma GABA measurements, and circadian clock gene expression. The SSADHD subjects responded to an additional Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Compared with the control group, SSADHD subjects did not differ in sex and age but had a higher severity of enlarged perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale (p < 0.001), basal ganglia (p = 0.01), and midbrain (p = 0.001), as well as a higher MRS‐derived GABA/NAA peak (p < 0.001). Within the SSADHD group, the severity of glymphatic dysfunction was specific for a lower MRS‐derived GABA/NAA (p = 0.04) and lower plasma GABA (p = 0.004). Additionally, the degree of their glymphatic dysfunction correlated with the CSHQ‐estimated sleep disturbances scores (R = 5.18, p = 0.03). In the control group, EPVS burden did not correlate with age or cerebral and plasma GABA values. The modulatory effect that GABA may exert on the glymphatic system has therapeutic implications for sleep‐related disorders and neurodegenerative conditions associated with glymphatic dysfunction.
The Plasmodium falciparumCCCH zinc finger protein MD3 regulates male gametocytogenesis through its interaction with RNA‐binding proteins
Authors: Farrukh Afia , Musabyimana Jean Pierre , Distler Ute , Mahlich Vanessa Jil , Mueller Julius , Bick Fabian , Tenzer Stefan , Pradel Gabriele , Ngwa Che Julius 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe transmission of malaria parasites to mosquitoes is dependent on the formation of gametocytes. Once fully matured, gametocytes are able to transform into gametes in the mosquito's midgut, a process accompanied with their egress from the enveloping erythrocyte. Gametocyte maturation and gametogenesis require a well‐coordinated gene expression program that involves a wide spectrum of regulatory proteins, ranging from histone modifiers to transcription factors to RNA‐binding proteins. Here, we investigated the role of the CCCH zinc finger protein MD3 in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis. MD3 was originally identified as an epigenetically regulated protein of immature gametocytes and recently shown to be involved in male development in a barcode‐based screen in P. berghei. We report that MD3 is mainly present in the cytoplasm of immature male P. falciparum gametocytes. Parasites deficient of MD3 are impaired in gametocyte maturation and male gametocytogenesis. BioID analysis in combination with co‐immunoprecipitation assays unveiled an interaction network of MD3 with RNA‐binding proteins like PABP1 and ALBA3, with translational initiators, regulators and repressors like elF4G, PUF1, NOT1 and CITH, and with further regulators of gametocytogenesis, including ZNF4, MD1 and GD1. We conclude that MD3 is part of a regulator complex crucial for post‐transcriptional fine‐tuning of male gametocytogenesis.