bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural estimates of the intergenerational education correlation
Authors: Belzil Christian , Hansen Jörgen 
Published: December 2003

AbstractUsing a structural dynamic programming model, we investigate the relative importance of family background variables and individual specific abilities in explaining cross‐sectional differences in schooling attainments and wages. Each type of ability is the sum of one component correlated with family background variables and a residual (orthogonal) component which is purely individual specific. Household background variables (especially parents' education) account for 68% of the explained cross‐sectional variations in schooling attainments, while ability correlated with background variables accounts for 17% and pure individual specific ability accounts for 15%. Interestingly, individual differences in wages are mostly explained by pure individual specific abilities as they account for as much as 73% of the explained variations in wages. Family background variables account for only 19%, while ability endowments correlated with family background account for 8%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple iterative method for considering multibounce in PO region of MoM‐PO
Authors: Zhai Huiqing , Liang Changhong 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIt has been shown that the hybrid method of moments physical‐optics (MoM‐PO) approach is an efficient tool to model the electromagnetic behavior of antennas with 3D perfectly conducting bodies of arbitrary shape. In this paper, a simple and effective iterative method is proposed to consider multi‐bounce in the PO region of MoM‐PO. Some numerical results are presented and compared with a reference MoM and conventional MoM‐PO solutions in order to illustrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 110–112, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11299
Bent planar monopole operating at GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT2000 quad‐bands
Authors: Low T. K. William , Chen Zhi Ning , Yang Ning 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a compact antenna operating in the GSM/DCS/PCS/IMT2000 quad‐bands is presented. By bending the meandered monopole into three equal and perpendicular sections, then coupling the bent monopole with another strip monopole antenna, the designed novel antenna covers the required bandwidths of GSM (890–960 MHz), DCS (1710–1880 MHz), PCS (1850–1990 MHz) and IMT2000 (1900–2025 MHz). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 170–172, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11319
Increased nuchal translucency and congenital heart defects in a low‐risk population
Authors: Hafner E. , Schuller T. , Metzenbauer M. , Schuchter K. , Philipp K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveIncreased first‐trimester nuchal translucency (NT) is a possible marker for congenital heart defects in euploid fetuses. In this study, we wanted to determine the sensitivity for congenital heart defects using the 95th centile of the NT as a cut‐off point.MethodsAll women who booked for delivery in our hospital in the first trimester underwent NT measurement at a crown‐rump length (CRL) of between 35 and 75 mm. In all euploid fetuses and newborns with isolated or associated CHD, NT was examined retrospectively and classified as normal (<95th centile according to CRL‐dependent centiles in our own data) or increased (≥95th centile).ResultsFrom a total of 12 978 euploid fetuses screened, 27 had CHD (22 isolated and 5 cases associated with additional malformations). Moreover, 7 of the 27 fetuses also had increased NT (26%). Increased NT was significantly more frequent in fetuses with associated CHD (4/5) than in those with isolated CHD (3/22, Yates corrected χ2p = 0.012). In fact, the relative risk for CHD was 6.6 times higher in fetuses with increased NT compared to those with normal NT.ConclusionIncreased NT for the detection of CHD performed less well than in other studies. Nevertheless, it can be used as an indication for fetal echocardiography. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of extra‐structurally abnormal chromosomes (ESACs) found prenatally: outcome and follow‐up
Authors: Marchina E. , Piovani G. , Vezzola L. , Bellotti D. , Cerri V. , Groli C. , Barlati S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA 40‐year‐old woman underwent amniocentesis at 15.3 weeks of gestation. Chromosome analysis performed using QFQ, DA‐DAPI and CBG banding revealed two de novo extra‐chromosomal markers (ESACs) in 11 of the 16 colonies analysed.Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that both chromosomes came from the Yq11.22.1 region of the Y chromosome. PCR analysis of genes and STS localized on the Y chromosome excluded the Yp presence specifically of the SRY gene, and most of the euchromatic region of Yq.After extensive genetic counselling and considering both laboratory and second‐level ultrasound data, the couple decided to continue the pregnancy. At 37.4 weeks of gestational age, a girl weighing 2750 g was born with an Apgar score of 9/10.A blood sample taken from the umbilical cord showed three cellular lines:mos47,XX, +mar1 ish.der (Y)(wcpY+) [21%]/48,XX, +mar1 ish.der (Y)(wcpY+), +mar2 ish.der (Y)(wcpY+) [41%]/46,XX [38%].One year after birth, the baby was developing normally and had normal psychomotorial activity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting complications of pregnancy with first‐trimester maternal serum free‐βhCG, PAPP‐A and inhibin‐A
Authors: Tul Nataša , Pušenjak Stanko , Osredkar Joško , Spencer Kevin , Novak‐Antolič Živa 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo find whether fβhCG, PAPP‐A and inhibin‐A levels in maternal serum or fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at the first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 (T21) might detect women at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 1136 women with singleton pregnancy between 10 and 14 weeks. Women with pregnancy complications were allotted to five subgroups: small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), gestational diabetes (GDM), hypertensive disorders, preterm delivery; women with normal pregnancy represented the control group. NT, maternal serum fβhCG, PAPP‐A and inhibin‐A were measured. Mann–Whitney test was used for the comparison of fβhCG, PAPP‐A, inhibin‐A and NT between a subgroup of a certain pregnancy complication and the control group. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to explore the relationship among different variables and the occurrence of pregnancy complications.ResultsPAPP‐A values were significantly lower in women who delivered SGA babies (n = 51, 0.76 MoM; p = 0.002) and significantly higher in women who delivered LGA babies (n = 120, 1.12 MoM; p = 0.036). In women with GDM (n = 27), fβhCG, PAPP‐A and inhibin‐A were insignificantly lower than in controls, whereas in women with hypertensive disorders (n = 56) no significant differences between the groups were found. In women with a preterm delivery (<34 weeks) (n = 17), inhibin‐A levels were significantly higher (1.25 MoM; p = 0.015).ConclusionLow PAPP‐A level is associated with the delivery of an SGA baby and high PAPP‐A with the delivery of an LGA baby. High inhibin‐A is associated with preterm delivery before 34 weeks. Feto‐placental products in the first trimester do not prove to be useful as a screening tool for predicting pregnancy complications. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcervical fetoscopic diagnosis of structural defects in four first‐trimester monochorionic twin intrauterine deaths
Authors: Philipp T. , Separovic E. R. , Philipp K. , Reiner A. , Kalousek D. K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectiveWhile chromosomal abnormalities are often the cause of early failed pregnancies, other mechanisms could be involved in monochorionic twin intrauterine deaths, that might be screened for careful morphological analysis.MethodsTranscervical fetoscopy prior to instrumental evacuation of the uterus was performed in four first‐trimester monochorionic twin intrauterine deaths.ResultsWe present fetoscopic and cytogenetic findings in four cases of monochorionic twin intrauterine deaths. In the first, generalized abnormal embryonic development observed in both twins was a manifestation of trisomy 20. The second (thoracophagus) and third (acardius) pair of twins had anomalies peculiar to multiple gestations. The fourth pair of twins was remarkable because of the concordance for the observed limb‐reduction defects.ConclusionMalformations of first‐trimester monochorionic twin intrauterine deaths might cover a wide spectrum of etiologies from abnormal chromosomes and single gene defects to rare duplication anomalies. Their detection by careful morphological analysis and the identification of a specific mechanism provides valuable information for genetic counseling and prenatal investigation in a future pregnancy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse drug reactions in a South Indian hospital—their severity and cost involved
Authors: Ramesh M. , Pandit Jayesh , Parthasarathi G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPurposeThe study was aimed to assess the pattern of occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the local population, severity of reported ADRs and additional financial resource utilisation associated with ADRs.MethodsThis was a prospective, spontaneous reporting study conducted over a period of 7 months by clinical pharmacists. The WHO definition of an ADR was adopted. Each ADR was assessed for its causality by using the WHO Probability Scale. The severity of each reported ADR was assessed using the criterion developed by Hartwig et al. The average cost incurred in treating the ADRs was calculated.ResultsA total of 270 suspected ADRs were reported and evaluated from 164 patients. A total of 3.7% of the hospitalised patients experienced an ADR, 0.7% of the admissions were due to ADRs and 1.8% had a fatal ADR. The gastrointestinal system (36.3%) was most commonly involved with an ADR. The drug class most commonly implicated with ADRs was cardiovascular (18.3%). Majority (47%) of the reactions were ‘moderate’ in severity. The total cost incurred in managing all the reported ADRs was Rs 76 564 (US$ 1595) with an average cost of Rs 690 (US$ 15) per ADR.ConclusionDetection and prevention of ADRs at the earliest is very important as they can cause not only morbidity and mortality but also involve high health care cost in their management. Well‐;trained pharmacists in the area of ADR detection, reporting and monitoring could prove as an asset in providing better patient care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified genetic algorithm to model crystal structures: III. Determination of crystal structures allowing simultaneous molecular geometry relaxation
Authors: Bazterra Victor E. , Ferraro Marta B. , Facelli Julio C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe modified genetic algorithm (MGAC) has been extended to allow simultaneous relaxation of molecular geometry during optimization of the crystalline structure. The method was applied to L‐alanine and DL‐alanine for two different potential functions. The genetic algorithm was always able to find minima that are likely global minima of the crystalline potential, showing good agreement with the experimental structures. For DL‐alanine MGAC located the experimental crystalline structure but also consistently found a different low‐energy crystalline structure that it is an excellent candidate for a polymorph. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Ab initio studies of tamoxifen and related compounds
Authors: Huang Ming‐Ju 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn extensive theoretical study of tamoxifen and related compounds has been performed at the ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF)/6‐31G** and B3LYP/6‐31G** levels. The optimized structures are in good agreement with X‐ray data. Theoretical calculations indicate that the ground state energies of cis‐ and trans‐tamoxifen, as well as the energies of the 4‐hydroxytamoxifen isomeric pair, are close, which confirms experimental and AM1 results and suggests nearly equivalent populations of the two isomers under equilibrium conditions. The effects of solvation were calculated with the Onsager model with full geometry optimization. The results indicate that solvation has little effect on the total energies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Homology models of the catalytic sites of phosphodiesterase 5A and 10A and molecular docking of selective apoptotic antineoplastic drugs (SAANDs)
Authors: Salter E. A. , Wierzbicki A. , Sperl G. , Thompson W. J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAchieving selective inhibition for individual gene families of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (CNPDE) isoenzymes has become an important pharmacological goal now that the diversity of these hydrolases has been recognized. Selective apoptotic antineoplastic drugs (SAANDs) induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells and not in normal cells by a mechanism involving inhibition of overexpressed PDEs that hydrolyze cyclic GMP. SAANDs, although not selective, show a preference for PDE5 and PDE10. However, highly selective PDE5 inhibitors do not induce apoptosis. To study differences in PDE inhibitors, we constructed homology models of the target catalytic domains of PDE5A and PDE10A based upon the X‐ray crystal structure of the catalytic domain of PDE4B. Molecular mechanics docking is planned to define new SAANDs vs. ineffective agents. We investigated the binding of exisulind (Aptosyn and other analogs to PDE4, 5, and 10 isoforms using our molecular models and compared the resultant estimated binding energies with experimental IC50 values. Proposed binding orientations for CP 248, a higher‐affinity and more selective inhibitor of PDE5 and PDE10 than exisulind, are presented. The modeling studies described here allowed us to identify some differing structural features of the catalytic pockets that may be helpful in the development of active and more selective drugs to treat tumors found in different tissues while maintaining minimal side effects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Silicon clusters doped with an yttrium metal atom impurity
Authors: Xiao Chuanyun , Blundell Jessica , Hagelberg Frank , Lester Jr. William A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe structures, energetics, and bonding properties of small Sin (n = 1–6) clusters doped with an yttrium atom are studied by means of a hybrid density functional technique (B3LYP). Close similarity is found between YSin and ScSin clusters in their geometries, size dependences of binding energies and fragmentation energies, charge transfer, spin distribution, and bonding features. It is found important in density functional calculations as well as in Hartree–Fock calculations to examine several different electronic configurations for a given spin multiplicity to determine the most stable configuration because these systems are characterized by small energy gaps and numerous close‐lying states. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Theoretical study of the hydrophobic character of the dimerization of dexanabinol
Authors: Huang Ming‐Ju 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn extensive theoretical study of the dimers of dexanabinol and related compounds has been performed at the ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF)/6‐31G** and B3LYP/6‐31G** levels. Theoretical calculations indicate that the most stable conformer of dexanabinol does not have intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The most stable dimer of dexanabinol forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds in which the phenol groups act as hydrogen bond donors and the allylic OH groups as acceptors is energetically more favored. The dimer results agree with previous PM3 results. In addition, the interaction of dexanabinol with two water molecules was studied. The effects of solvation were calculated with the Onsager model with full geometry optimization. The solvation results indicate that the most stable dimer of dexanabinol is affected little by solvation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Remote atomic force microscopy of microscopic organisms: Technological innovations for hands‐on science with middle and high school students
Authors: Jones M. G. , Andre T. , Kubasko D. , Bokinsky A. , Tretter T. , Negishi A. , Taylor R. , Superfine R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis study examined hands‐on experiences in the context of an investigation of viruses and explored how and why hands‐on experiences may be effective. We sought to understand whether or not touching and manipulating materials and objects could lead to a deeper, more effective type of knowing than that we obtain from sight or sound alone. Four classes of high school biology students and four classes of seventh graders participated in the study that examined students' use of remote microscopy with a new scientific tool called the nanoManipulator, which enabled them to reach out and touch live viruses inside an atomic force microscope. Half of the students received full haptic (tactile and kinesthetic) feedback from a haptic joystick, whereas half of the students were able to use the haptic joystick to manipulate viruses but the tactile feedback was blocked. Results showed that there were significant gains from pre‐ to postinstruction across treatment groups for knowledge and attitudes. Students in both treatment groups developed conceptual models of viruses that were more consistent with current scientific research, including a move from a two‐dimensional to a three‐dimensional understanding of virus morphology. There were significant changes in students' understandings of scale; after instruction, students were more likely to identify examples of nanosized objects and be able to describe the degree to which a human would have to be shrunk to reach the size of a virus. Students who received full‐haptic feedback had significantly better attitudes suggesting that the increased sensory feedback and stimulation may have made the experience more engaging and motivating to students. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 88:55–71, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/.sce10112
Cultural variations in strategic issue interpretation: relating cultural uncertainty avoidance to controllability in discriminating threat and opportunity
Authors: Barr Pamela S. , Glynn Mary Ann 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe investigate cultural variations in the strategic issue labels of threats and opportunities. In a survey of 276 American and international respondents, we investigate the sensitivity of issue attributes that discriminate between threat and opportunity. We find that the cultural value of uncertainty avoidance (UA) had a significant effect: Compared to low UA cultures, individuals from high UA cultures were significantly more sensitive to controllability in perceiving strategic issues. However, other cultural value dimensions (individualism, masculinity, power distance) did not have similar effects. Our results point to the need to link specific cultural dimensions to specific aspects of strategic issue analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Better late than never: a study of late entrants in household electrical equipment
Authors: Shamsie Jamal , Phelps Corey , Kuperman Jerome 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFor the most part, studies on timing of entry have attempted to determine the advantages that early entrants may be able to develop and hold over subsequent entrants. Given that a large number of firms attempt to enter at a much later stage in the development of the market, it is particularly surprising that little research has attempted to examine the differences in the ability of late movers to penetrate the market. In this paper, we focus exclusively on late movers and examine the extent to which their early success can be tied to existing market conditions, their resource strengths, and their strategic positioning. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DNA region of Torulaspora delbrueckii containing the HIS3 gene: sequence, gene order and evolution
Authors: Aller‐Arranz Elena , Randez‐Gil Francisca , Barrio Eladio , Prieto Jose Antonio 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe cloned a genomic DNA fragment of the yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii by complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae his3 mutant strain. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the fragment contained two complete ORFs, which share a high similarity with S. cerevisiae His3p and Mrp51p, respectively. The cloned TdHIS3 gene fully complemented the his3 mutation of S. cerevisiae, confirming that it encodes for the imidazoleglycerol‐phosphate dehydrate of T. delbrueckii. Two additional ORFs, with a high homology to S. cerevisiae PET56 and DED1 genes, were mapped upstream and downstream from TdHIS3 and TdMRP51, respectively. This genetic organization is analogous to that previously found in Saccharomyces kluyveri and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. The evolutionary significance of gene order in this chromosomal region is analysed and discussed. The GeneBank Accession No. for the sequenced DNA fragment is AY238990. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boreal temperature variability inferred from maximum latewood density and tree-ring width data, Wrangell Mountain region, Alaska
Authors: Davi Nicole K. , Jacoby Gordon C. , Wiles Gregory C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractVariations in both width and density of annual rings from a network of tree chronologies were used to develop high-resolution proxies to extend the climate record in the Wrangell Mountain region of Alaska. We developed a warm-season (July–September) temperature reconstruction that spans A.D. 1593–1992 based on the first eigenvector from principal component analysis of six maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 51% of the temperature variance from 1958 to 1992 and shows cold in the late 1600s–early 1700s followed by a warmer period, cooling in the late 1700s–early 1800s, and warming in the 20th century. The 20th century is the warmest of the past four centuries. Several severely cold warm-seasons coincide with major volcanic eruptions. The first eigenvector from a ring-width (RW) network, based on nine chronologies from the Wrangell Mountain region (A.D. 1550–1970), is correlated positively with both reconstructed and recorded Northern Hemisphere temperatures. RW shows a temporal history similar to that of MXD by increased growth (warmer) and decreased growth (cooler) intervals and trends. After around 1970 the RW series show a decrease in growth, while station data show continued warming, which may be related to increasing moisture stress or other factors. Both the temperature history based on MXD and the growth trends from the RW series are consistent with well-dated glacier fluctuations in the Wrangell Mountains and some of the temperature variations also correspond to variations in solar activity.
Case Report: 3‐Methyglutaconic Aciduria in a Chinese Patient with Glycogen Storage Disease Ib
Authors: Law L. K. , Tang N. L. S. , Hui J. , Lam C. W. K. , Fok T. F. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe report elevated urinary excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic (3MGC) and 3‐methylglutaric acids (3MGR) in a patient with glycogen storage disease Ib. Combined excretion was 10‐fold elevated in comparison to control during inadequate glucose maintenance, and still elevated following dietary improvement. 3MGC acid excretion correlated with plasma lactate and glucose. We speculate that imbalanced gluconeogenesis and de novo cholesterol synthesis result in secondarily increased 3MGC/3MGR production.