bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of HLA‐A3‐restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from mammaglobin‐A, a tumor‐associated antigen of human breast cancer
Authors: Jaramillo Andrés , Majumder Kanchana , Manna Partha P. , Fleming Timothy P. , Doherty Gerard , Dipersio John F. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMammaglobin‐A is highly overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors. This pattern of expression is restricted to mammary epithelium and metastatic breast tumors. Thus, mammaglobin‐A‐specific T cell immune responses may provide an important approach for the design of breast cancer‐specific immunotherapy. The purpose of our study was to define the T cell‐mediated immune response to mammaglobin‐A. We determined that the frequency of mammaglobin‐A‐reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in breast cancer patients is significantly higher than that observed in healthy female controls using limiting dilution analyses (p = 0.026 and p = 0.02, respectively). We identified 8 mammaglobin‐A‐derived 9‐mer peptides with the highest binding affinity for the HLA‐A3 molecule (Mam‐A3.1–8) using a computer‐assisted analysis of the mammaglobin‐A protein sequence. Subsequently, we determined that CD8+ T cells from breast cancer patients reacted to peptides Mam‐A3.1 (23–31, PLLENVISK), Mam‐A3.3 (2–10, KLLMVLMLA), Mam‐A3.4 (55–63, TTNAIDELK) and Mam‐A3.8 (58–66, AIDELKECF) using an IFN‐γ enzyme‐linked immunospot assay. A CD8+ T cell line generated in vitro against HLA‐A*0301‐transfected TAP‐deficient T2 cells loaded with these peptides showed significant cytotoxic activity against the Mam‐A3.1 peptide. This CD8+ T cell line showed a significant HLA‐A3‐restricted cytotoxic activity against mammaglobin‐A‐positive but not mammaglobin‐A‐negative breast cancer cells. In summary, our study identified four HLA‐A3‐restricted mammaglobin‐A‐derived epitopes naturally expressed by breast cancer cells, indicating the immunotherapeutic potential of this novel antigen for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo antitumor properties of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor CYC202 (R‐roscovitine)
Authors: McClue Steven J. , Blake David , Clarke Rosemary , Cowan Angela , Cummings Lorna , Fischer Peter M. , MacKenzie Mairi , Melville Jean , Stewart Kevin , Wang Shudong , Zhelev Nikolai , Zheleva Daniella , Lane David P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCDK2 inhibitors have been proposed as effective anti‐cancer therapeutics. We show here that CYC202 (R‐roscovitine) is a potent inhibitor of recombinant CDK2/cyclin E kinase activity (IC50 = 0.10 μM) with an average cytotoxic IC50 of 15.2 μM in a panel of 19 human tumour cell lines, and we also demonstrate selectivity for rapidly proliferating cells over non‐proliferating cells. A study of the cell cycle effects of CYC202 in Lovo colorectal carcinoma cells showed that the major effect was not the predicted arrest in one part of the cycle, but rather an induction of cell death from all compartments of the cell cycle. The maximum tolerated dose given intravenously to mice was in excess of 20 mg/kg. Doses up to 2,000 mg/kg were tolerated when administered orally in mice. Following repeated intraperitoneal administration (3 times daily for 5 days) of 100 mg/kg to nude mice bearing the Lovo human colorectal tumour, CYC202 induced a significant antitumour effect with a 45% reduction in tumour growth compared to controls. A second experiment using the human uterine xenograft MESSA‐DX5 treated with orally administered CYC202 (500 mg/kg 3 times daily for 4 days) also exhibited a significant reduction in the rate of growth of the tumour (62%). These data, showing enzyme and cellular potency together with antitumour activity, confirm the potential of CDK2 inhibitors such as CYC202 as anticancer drugs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The copper chelator trientine has an antiangiogenic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma, possibly through inhibition of interleukin‐8 production
Authors: Moriguchi Michihisa , Nakajima Tomoki , Kimura Hiroyuki , Watanabe Tadashi , Takashima Hidetaka , Mitsumoto Yasuhide , Katagishi Tatsuo , Okanoue Takeshi , Kagawa Keizo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that copper is an important cofactor for several angiogenic agents. We examined the antiangiogenic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the copper chelator trientine, especially focusing on the relationship between copper and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a potent angiogenic factor produced by hepatoma cells. HuH‐7 hepatoma cells were transplanted into nude mice and the growth of xenograft tumors was compared to and without administration of trientine. Using the resected tumor, microvessel density, apoptotic potential and proliferative activity were analyzed histologically and IL‐8 mRNA was semiquantified by RT‐PCR. In addition, HuH‐7 cells were cultured in control medium, medium supplemented with copper, medium supplemented with trientine and medium supplemented with both copper and trientine. Human IL‐8 levels were measured in the supernatants by ELISA. Using the extracts from cultured cells, IL‐8 mRNA was semiquantified by RT‐PCR. Trientine suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors significantly. Histologically, apoptotic potential was increased significantly and microvessel density, decreased. The production of IL‐8 from the tumor was suppressed by trientine. In vitro, IL‐8 production by HuH‐7 cells in copper‐containing medium was significantly greater than that in copper‐free medium, and this effect was weakened when trientine was added. However, no significant change was apparent when trientine was added to the medium alone. In conclusion, the chelating effect of trientine prevented copper from functioning as a cofactor in angiogenesis, which resulted in reduced IL‐8 production from HuH‐7 cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐free 27 kDa heat shock protein (hsp27) and hsp27–cytochrome c complexes in the cervix of women with ovarian or endometrial cancer
Authors: Korneeva Irina , Caputo Thomas A. , Witkin Steven S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAntibodies to the 27 kDa heat shock protein (hsp27) are present in some women with ovarian and endometrial cancers but not in women with nonmalignant conditions or healthy women. The appearance of these antibodies suggests that the corresponding protein (hsp27) may be present in an extracellular form in gynecologic cancer patients. Synthesis of hsp27 is upregulated in gynecologic cancers and inhibits induction of apoptosis. We now report the detection of hsp27 as well as hsp27–cytochrome c complexes in cell‐free endocervical or posterior vaginal specimens from women with endometrial or ovarian cancer. Specimens were obtained with a cotton swab from 209 consecutive patients seen by a gynecologic oncologist. After removal of cellular components, aliquots of supernatants were assayed by ELISA for hsp27, using cytochrome c bound to microtiter plate wells, and for hsp27–cytochrome c complexes, using antibodies to cytochrome c and hsp27. Among 47 women with ovarian cancer, 38.3% were positive for hsp27 and 27.7% had hsp27–cytochrome c complexes. Similarly, among 52 women with endometrial cancer, 34.6% were hsp27‐positive and 30.8% had hsp27–cytochrome c complexes. In contrast to the women with ovarian or endometrial cancer, of the 86 women with benign diagnoses only, 10.5% had cervical hsp27 (p < 0.002) and 8.1% had hsp27–cytochrome c complexes (p < 0.004). Among ovarian cancer patients, hsp27 was identified in 44.0% of the 25 women with active disease as opposed to 17.6% of the 17 patients in remission (p < 0.05). In women with stage 1–2 active ovarian cancer, 8 of 10 (80.0%) were hsp27‐positive as opposed to 3 of 14 (21.4%) stage 3–4 patients (p < 0.01). For hsp27–cytochrome c complexes, 50% of ovarian cancer patients with active stage 1–2 disease as opposed to 21.4% with stage 3–4 disease were positive. Among women with endometrial cancer, only 10 of the 52 patients had active disease and 44 were in stage 1–2. For this malignancy, there was no relation between detection of hsp27 or hsp27–cytochrome c and active disease or cancer stage. Our results suggest that cell‐free hsp27 and hsp27–cytochrome c complexes can be detected in the lower genital tract of women with ovarian and endometrial cancers. Identification of these biomarkers may be beneficial in the early diagnosis of these malignancies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of functional polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐3 genes with colorectal cancer
Authors: Hinoda Yuji , Okayama Naoko , Takano Naofumi , Fujimura Kozue , Suehiro Yutaka , Hamanaka Yuichiro , Hazama Shoichi , Kitamura Yutaka , Kamatani Naoyuki , Oka Masaaki 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and MMP‐3 genes are associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis with their promoter polymorphisms influencing the level of transcription. Our study explored the association of these polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk in a Japanese population. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 101 patients with colorectal cancer and 127 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy volunteers. Genotyping was carried out using PCR‐RFLP and direct sequencing. In the MMP‐1 gene polymorphism, the frequency of the 2G/2G genotype that is associated with higher enzyme activity was significantly increased in colorectal cancer patients when compared to controls (p = 0.0067; OR = 2.077; 95% CI = 1.221–3.534). With regard to the MMP‐3 polymorphism, unexpectedly, the frequency of the 6A/6A genotype causing lower enzyme activity was significantly increased in patients (p = 0.0129; OR = 2.110; 95% CI = 1.165–3.822). Because the loci for the 2 MMP genes are closely linked, we examined linkage disequilibrium between the 2 loci using expectation‐maximization algorithm. We found that the 2 loci were in linkage disequilibrium and that 2G‐6A haplotype was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p = 0.0010; OR = 1.949; 95% CI = 1.305–2.911). Our present data suggest that the MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 promoter polymorphisms may be associated with a colorectal cancer susceptibility in Japanese. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of benefit from centralised treatment of ovarian cancer: A nationwide population‐based survival analysis in Finland
Authors: Kumpulainen Salla , Grénman Seija , Kyyrönen Pentti , Pukkala Eero , Sankila Risto 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTo assess the effect of different hospital types or surgical volume on the survival of ovarian cancer patients, a nationwide and population‐based analysis was carried out in Finland. The study included all 3,851 ovarian cancer patients operated from 1983–94. The patients were classified according to the hospital of the first surgery. The hospitals were categorized by type (university, central or other hospital) and, separately, into quartiles by the number of operated patients (surgical volume). The patients operated at university hospitals had better survival than those operated in central hospitals, the 5‐year relative survival rates (RSR) being 45% (95% CI = 42–48%) and 37% (34–40%), respectively. RSR in the ‘other hospital’ category was 45% (42–48%). The RSR for the patients operated in the highest volume hospitals was 47% (43–50%), and by decreasing volume (quartile) the RSR was 40% (36–43%), 40% (36–43%) and 42% (38–45%), respectively. After controlling for potential confounding by stage and age using regression models, the results remained practically the same. The results indicate that further centralizing of operative treatment of ovarian cancer may still improve survival rates on a population level in Finland. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) genotype and lung cancer histologic types: The MPO −463 A allele is associated with reduced risk for small cell lung cancer in smokers
Authors: Dally Heike , Gassner Kai , Jäger Birgit , Schmezer Peter , Spiegelhalder Bertold , Edler Lutz , Drings Peter , Dienemann Hendrik , Schulz Volker , Kayser Klaus , Bartsch Helmut , Risch Angela 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMPO participates in the metabolic activation of tobacco carcinogens such as PAHs. A frequent MPO −463 G→A polymorphism in the promoter region reduces MPO transcription and has been correlated with >4‐fold lower benzo[a]pyrene–DNA adduct levels in the skin of coal tar–treated patients. Four of 7 case‐control studies found significantly reduced lung cancer risk associated with the A allele. Due to their different etiologies, we examined whether the MPO genotype affects histologic lung cancer types differentially. A case‐control study was conducted in 625 ever‐smoking lung cancer patients, including 228 adenocarcinomas, 224 SCCs, 135 SCLCs and 340 ever‐smoking hospital controls. MPO genotyping was performed by capillary PCR followed by fluorescence‐based melting curve analysis. Combining the MPO −463 (G/A+A/A) genotypes, a protective effect approaching significance (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.55–1.01) was observed when comparing all lung cancer cases to controls. Among histologic types of lung cancer, a weak protective effect was found for both adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.81, CI 0.55–1.19) and SCC (OR = 0.82, CI 0.56–1.21); a stronger and significant effect was found for SCLC (OR = 0.58, CI 0.36–0.95; p = 0.029). Our results also suggest that the MPO genotype varies among inflammatory nonmalignant lung diseases. In conclusion, our results emphasize the need for a separate analysis of lung cancer histologic types and an adjustment for inflammatory nonmalignant lung diseases in future MPO‐related studies. We confirm that the MPO −463 A variant affords a protective effect against lung cancer risk in smokers, which was strongest for SCLC patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case‐control analysis of lymphocytic chromosome 9 aberrations in lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Yong , Spitz Margaret R. , Strom Sara , Tomlinson Gail E. , Amos Christopher I. , Minna John D. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCytogenetic aberrations on chromosome 9 have been reported to be one of the most frequent genetic changes in lung tumorigenesis. Although many of these changes have been detected in lung carcinoma specimens, there is growing evidence showing the concordance between chromosomal alterations in primary lung tumors and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). We investigated whether spontaneous aberrations on chromosome 9 in PBLs are associated with the presence of lung cancer and with a family history of cancer. A personal interview, to construct a detailed epidemiologic profile including family history of cancer, was conducted on 174 lung cancer cases and 162 matched controls. One hundred metaphases from PBLs of each subject were analyzed for chromosome 9 aberrations using the whole chromosome painting technique. Overall, the mean proportion of individuals with chromosome 9 abnormalities in their PBLs was significantly higher in cases (96.0%) than in controls (60.5%) (p < 0.05). After adjustment by age, gender, ethnicity, family size, and pack‐years, there was a 16.63‐fold significantly elevated odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer associated with chromosome 9 aberrations. When subjects were categorized by frequencies of the chromosome 9 lesions, we observed significantly increased odds ratios of 11.13 (4.66, 26.58) and 27.45 (11.15, 67.54) for individuals with 1 chromosome 9 aberration and ≥2 chromosome 9 aberrations, respectively. By performing family history analyses, we further observed that control individuals with chromosome 9 aberrations were more likely to report a family history of any cancer (OR = 1.67 [0.84, 3.32]) and lung cancer (OR = 2.49 [0.81, 7.67]). Our findings suggest that chromosome 9 aberrations in PBLs might be considered a marker of lung cancer predisposition and may be associated with familial aggregation of cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of monoclonal antibodies against Hong Kong nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐associated Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)
Authors: Chan Ben Chung Lap , To Ka Fai , Pang Jesse Chung Sean , Chung Yuk Fei , Lo Kwok Wai , Tong Joanna Hung Man , Huang Dolly Wai Sin , Lim Pak Leong , Chui Yiu Loon 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to Hong Kong Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)‐associated Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) variants has been generated. These monoclonal antibodies not only differentiate the Hong Kong Chinese NPC‐associated LMP1 variants from the prototype B95‐8 LMP1, derived from Caucasian infectious mononucleosis, but also differentiate the 2 highly homologous LMP1 deletion variants commonly found in Hong Kong primary NPC. The predominant deletion type variant, DV‐Asp335, is characterized by an aspartic acid at residue 335 located in the cytoplasmic C‐terminal region, whereas the other minor deletion variant, DV‐Gly335, has a glycine in the same residue position. 335D is hitherto found predominantly in LMP1 of the China 1 strain in association with NPC in the Chinese populations located in southern China and Malaysia. These antibodies, which are applicable in ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections, are the first variant‐specific anti‐LMP1 monoclonal antibodies produced, and will be useful in investigating the functional significance of 335D in NPC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of tracking photovoltaic systems with a single vertical axis
Authors: Lorenzo E. , Pérez M. , Ezpeleta A. , Acedo J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractSolar tracking is used in large grid‐connected photovoltaic plants to maximise solar radiation collection and, hence, to reduce the cost of delivered electricity. In particular, single vertical axis tracking, also called azimuth tracking, allows for energy gains up to 40%, compared with optimally tilted fully static arrays. This paper examines the theoretical aspects associated with the design of azimuth tracking, taking into account shadowing between different trackers and back‐tracking features. Then, the practical design of the trackers installed at the 1.4 MW Tudela PV plant is presented and discussed. Finally, this tracking alternative is compared with the more conventional fully stationary approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape and size dependence of the anti‐reflective and light‐trapping action of periodic grooves
Authors: Abouelsaood Ahmed A. , El‐Naggar S. A. , Ghannam M. Y. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe shape and size dependence of the anti‐reflective and light‐diffusing properties of surfaces with linear periodic grooves is studied. Grooves of triangular or rectangular cross‐sections on the front or back surface of a crystalline silicon layer are considered. Our method is an extension of the rigorous, two‐dimensional, coupled‐wave, electromagnetic analysis of TE modes in dielectric relief gratings to the case of multilayer systems with both TE and TM modes through the use of a generalized transfer matrix formalism. Surfaces with shallow, sub‐micrometre rectangular grooves have substantial anti‐reflective and light‐diffusing actions contrary to geometric optics results. Surfaces with sub‐micrometre triangular grooves are less efficient anti‐reflectors and light diffusers than we expect from geometric optics predictions, which are slowly approached as the period increases. Light diffusion is totally absent for grooves of either types with a period Λ < 0.2 μm. Front‐surface rectangular grooves of period 0ċ65 μm and height 0ċ2 μm lead to an absorbance enhancement in the infrared part of the solar spectrum comparable to that achieved with practical 70ċ5° triangular grooves. Back‐surface rectangular grooves lead to some improvement compared with flat surfaces, but are somewhat inferior to back‐surface triangular grooves. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified model based on clearness index for estimating yearly performance of hybrid PV energy systems
Authors: Celik Ali Naci 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA simplified model for estimating the energy contribution of PV converter in a hybrid PV–wind system is presented. The simplified model determines the yearly solar fraction, that is the fraction of energy demand provided by PV, and the remaining loss of load (LOL) is assumed to be provided by wind turbines. The novel model is based on simulation results derived from 8 years of measured hour‐by‐hour solar irradiation data from five different locations in the world. The system performance is simulated by the PV–wind energy simulation program of the Cardiff School of Engineering (ARES). An hourly constant load profile is assumed.The performance of a PV system is primarily dependent on the solar irradiation distribution in a given location for the period of time in question. The new model correlates the location dependence observed in the yearly solar fraction curves of different data sets with one of the most characteristic solar irradiation distribution parameters, the yearly clearness index of the respective solar irradiation data. The new model requires the yearly clearness index value, which is commonly available for most locations throughout the world, as input. As the novel model is validated with solar irradiation data from different locations in the world, it could be used for predicting the solar fraction in a hybrid PV system with a very high level of accuracy, for a wide range of climates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concerning the relationship between clear‐sky, global and direct‐beam, solar spectra
Authors: Faiman David , Jacob Sareet , Karnieli Arnon 
Published: November 2002

AbstractClear‐sky direct‐beam and normal global solar spectra were measured with a spectroradiometer with and without a collimating tube. The ratio of the two spectra was found to be well approximated by a simple two‐parameter formula suggested by Rayleigh scattering. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tools for the profitability analysis of grid‐connected photovoltaics
Authors: Nofuentes G. , Aguilera J. , Muñoz F. J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThree key geographical zones—the Euro area, Japan and the USA—are promoting the use of grid‐connected PV through attractive financial support programmes. After a short introduction to the financial analysis of PV grid‐connected systems, this paper presents some time‐saving charts and tables intended to assess the profitability of such PV systems in respect of some of the economic measures of these programmes. These easy‐to‐use tools are addressed to PV designers and investors to help them assess their investment from an exclusively economic point of view. Decision‐makers in the developed countries may also find them of value in planning their PV support measures. Some examples demonstrate how to use these tools, taking into account different available incentives and economic forecasts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comments on experience curves for PV modules
Authors: Parente Virginia , Goldemberg José , Zilles Roberto 
Published: November 2002

AbstractLearning through market experience reduces prices for various energy technologies. This phenomenon can be captured by experience curves. In this short communication we update and analyze the experience curve trend for one of these technologies: photovoltaic modules for electricity generation. The results reinforce the importance of energy technology policy on contributing towards making new technologies commercially competitive. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.