bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric estimation for the location parameter for symmetric distributions using moving extremes ranked set sampling with application to trees data
Authors: Al‐Saleh Mohammad Fraiwan , Al‐Hadrami Said Ali 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA modification of ranked set sampling (RSS) called moving extremes ranked set sampling (MERSS) is considered parametrically, for the location parameter of symmetric distributions. A maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and a modified MLE are considered and their properties are studied. Their efficiency with respect to the corresponding estimators based on simple random sampling (SRS) are compared for the case of normal distribution. The method is studied under both perfect and imperfect ranking (with error in ranking). It appears that these estimators can be real competitors to the MLE using (SRS). The procedure is illustrated using tree data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing weather effects on airborne particulate matter with HGLM
Authors: Dong Lee Yoon , Yun Sungcheol , Lee Youngjo 
Published: October 2003

AbstractParticulate matter is one of the six constituent air pollutants regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In analyzing such data, Bayesian hierarchical models have often been used. In this article we propose the use of hierarchical generalized linear models, which use likelihood inference and have well developed model‐checking procedures. Comparisons are made between analyses from hierarchical generalized linear models and Danielset al.'s (2001) Bayesian models. Model‐checking procedure indicates that Danielset al.'s model can be improved by use of the log‐transformation of wind speed and precipitation covariates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of geostatistical prediction of yearly precipitation in Lower Saxony
Authors: Wameling Almuth 
Published: October 2003

AbstractGeostatistical methods allow the interpolation of spatially referenced data. They allow the prediction of values for arbitrary points in the area of interest. From these point predictions, maps are created which display areas of low or high predicted values. Apart from three dimensional and raster plots, contour line maps are frequently used. Contours are lines with constant process values. The article describes two accuracy concepts of geostatistical predictions. Local errors describe the accuracy of individual point predictions as mean squared prediction errors. They do not describe adequately the precision of contour lines extracted from an interpolated surface. A method is proposed to construct horizontal confidence intervals for arbitrary contours. This method is based on the theory of conditional simulations and is applicable whenever a suitable simulation algorithm is found. In a case study, two geostatistical models are compared regarding both accuracy concepts. Results show that higher local precision need not induce higher contour line accuracy. It is concluded that the local error concept is not sufficient to evaluate the precision of a contour line map. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of the farm‐scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant crops
Authors: Rothery Peter , Clark Suzanne J. , Perry Joe N. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Farm‐Scale Evaluations (FSE) is a three‐year experiment to study the effects on farmland wildlife of the commercial management of four genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant (GMHT) crops—beet, maize, spring oil‐seed rape and winter oil‐seed rape. The experiment records abundance of a wide range of weed and invertebrates in the arable system. The FSE is a paired comparison arranged as a randomized block design with two treatments (GMHT and conventional crop management) and fields as blocks. The choice of the half‐field as the experimental unit is based on field availability, the primary focus on the vegetation, the need to reduce variability and gains in sampling effort. Farms and fields are selected to reflect the range of geographical variation and farming intensity for each crop. A power analysis shows that using about 60 fields per crop over the three years will be sufficient to detect differences of ecological significance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time video postprocessing for deblocking and deringing on mediaprocessors
Authors: Gao Wenfeng , Mermer Coskun , Kim Yongmin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBlocking and ringing are two major artifacts in highly compressed images and videos coded by block‐based discrete cosine transform. Many existing deblocking and deringing algorithms are computationally very expensive and/or cannot produce satisfactory results at very low bit rates. We have developed an adaptive deblocking algorithm and a clustering‐based deringing algorithm. These algorithms can smooth out the blocking and ringing artifacts while preserving the strong edges and texture areas. In addition, our postprocessing algorithms have low computational cost. We have implemented them on a commercially available, programmable processor. For an image size of 352 × 288, our algorithms take only 3.17 ms, demonstrating the feasibility of real‐time video postprocessing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13, 161–168, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10052
Superresolution image reconstruction from blurred observations by multisensors
Authors: Ching Wai‐Ki , Ng Michael K. , Sze Kenton N. , Yau Andy C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSuperresolution image reconstruction refers to obtaining an image at a resolution higher than that of the camera (sensor) used in recording the image. In this article, we present a joint minimization model with an objective function setup that comprises three terms: the data‐fitting term (DFT), the regularization term for the reconstructed image, and the observed low‐resolution images. An alternating minimization iterative algorithm is presented to reconstruct the image. We also analyze the alternating minimization iterative algorithm and show that it converges globally for H1‐norm or total‐variation regularization that are functional for the reconstructed image. Numeric examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the joint minimization model and the efficiency of the algorithm. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13, 153–160, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10053
Subband decomposition strategies for object‐based image coding
Authors: de Souza Marcio Albuquerque , Acocella Emilio Carlos , Alcaim Abraham 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn order to attain perfect reconstruction, subband decomposition of arbitrarily shaped objects requires special strategies to deal with the decimation problem. One of the two strategies described in this paper (scheme 1) inserts pixels with amplitudes equal to the mean values of the neighboring ones belonging to the object. The requirement of transmitting (coding) these pixels reduces the coding gain and is avoided by the second strategy (scheme 2) examined in this paper. This strategy determines specific values of the pixels added to the object in such a way that they result in predefined amplitudes after decimation. For this reason, this method outperforms scheme 1. PSNR versus bit rate are presented for two objects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13, 179–187, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10054
Fast template matching using correlation‐based adaptive predictive search
Authors: Sun Shijun , Park HyunWook , Haynor David R. , Kim Yongmin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe have developed the Correlation‐based Adaptive Predictive Search (CAPS) as a fast search strategy for multidimensional template matching. A 2D template is analyzed, and certain characteristics are computed from its autocorrelation. The extracted information is then used to speed up the search procedure. This method provides a significant improvement in computation time while retaining the accuracy of traditional full‐search matching. We have extended CAPS to three and higher dimensions. An example of the third dimension is rotation where rotated targets can be located while again substantially reducing the computational requirements. CAPS can also be applied in multiple steps to further speed up the template matching process. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of 2D, 3D, and multiple‐step CAPS algorithms. Compared to the conventional full‐search method, we achieved speedup ratios of up to 66.5 and 145 with 2D and 3D CAPS, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13, 169–178, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10055
Identification of local interaction models with imperfect location data
Authors: Conley Timothy G. , Topa Giorgio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of estimating a local interaction model defined at the level of individual agents, in the absence of perfect information about agent locations in the relevant socio‐economic space. We consider two types of data limitations: one in which individual locations are measured with error, the other in which location information is correct but only up to some spatial region (e.g., census tracts or zip codes). Our results indicate that the model parameters are not identified almost surely in the former situation, whereas identification is preserved in the latter. We also suggest a potential estimation strategy that can yield useful information about the likely range of parameters even when point identification fails. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peer effects, financial aid and selection of students into colleges and universities: an empirical analysis
Authors: Epple Dennis , Romano Richard , Sieg Holger 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper develops a model in which colleges seek to maximize the quality of the educational experience provided to their students. We deduce predictions about the hierarchy of schools that emerges in equilibrium, the allocation of students by income and ability among schools, and about the pricing policies that schools adopt. The empirical findings of this paper suggest that there is a hierarchy of school qualities which is characterized by substantial stratification by income and ability. The evidence on pricing by ability is supportive of positive peer effects in educational achievement from high ability at the college level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdependence in worker productivity
Authors: Rees Daniel I. , Zax Jeffrey S. , Herries Joshua 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates interactions between co‐worker productivity levels in a rich empirical context. Workers have unambiguous output measures, compensation that depends on individual and group output to differing degrees and potential peers beyond their immediate work group. Important productivity interdependencies exist, which could arise from the group‐based component of compensation, peer pressure, common supervisors or information exchanges, but not group‐based output or technological interdependence. Workers with the strongest individual incentives seem least sensitive to these interactions. In contrast, they are important to workers with no individual incentives. For these workers, peer pressure must be a powerful influence. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations between sisters and neighbouring girls in their subsequent income as adults
Authors: Page Marianne E. , Solon Gary 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study uses data on sisters and neighbouring girls in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to estimate sister and neighbour correlations in adult income. Our results suggest that the income resemblance between sisters stems more from growing up in the same family than from growing up in the same neighbourhood. We also find that much of the neighbour correlation is explicable in terms of the large income differential between urban and non‐urban areas combined with the strength with which urbanicity of childhood neighbourhood predicts urbanicity of adult location. This pattern is subject to a variety of interpretations, but it is quite different from the usual view of neighbourhood effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neighbourhood effects and housing demand
Authors: Ioannides Yannis M. , Zabel Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate a model of housing demand with neighbourhood effects. We exploit special features of the national sample of the American Housing Survey and properties of housing markets that allow us to create ‘natural’ instruments and therefore identify the impact of social interactions. We find evidence of both endogenous and contextual neighbourhood effects. We report two alternative sets of estimates for neighbourhood effects that differ in terms of the instruments we use for estimating the model. When the endogenous neighbourhood effect is large the respective contextual effects are weak, andvice versa. The elasticity of housing demand with respect to the mean of the neighbours' housing demands (the endogenous effect) ranges from 0.19 to 0.66 and is generally very significant. The contextual effects are also very significant. A key such effect, the elasticity with respect to the mean of neighbours' permanent incomes, ranges from 0.17 to 0.54. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does peer ability affect student achievement?
Authors: Hanushek Eric A. , Kain John F. , Markman Jacob M. , Rivkin Steven G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractEmpirical analysis of peer effects on student achievement has been open to question because of the difficulties of separating peer effects from other confounding influences. While most econometric attention has been directed at issues of simultaneous determination of peer interactions, we argue that issues of omitted and mismeasured variables are likely to be more important. We control for the most important determinants of achievement that will confound peer estimates by removing student and school‐by‐grade fixed effects in addition to observable family and school characteristics. The analysis also addresses the reciprocal nature of peer interactions and the interpretation of estimates based upon models using past achievement as the measure of peer group quality. The results indicate that peer achievement has a positive effect on achievement growth. Moreover, students throughout the school test score distribution appear to benefit from higher achieving schoolmates. On the other hand, the variance in achievement appears to have no systematic effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social planning: past, present, and future
Authors: Bromley Ray 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis article discusses the history of the idea of social planning, and of the pioneering Masters Programme in Social Planning established at the University of Wales Swansea in 1973. Swansea's initiative in social planning led to the creation of the University's Centre for Development Studies (CDS), and it broadened development studies as an academic and policy field. Social planning is a controversial term because it has sometimes been associated with social engineering and totalitarianism. Nevertheless, it has a very important intellectual and policy agenda, and if the word ‘planning’ proves a liability it can be replaced by ‘policy’ or ‘strategy’. The major questions reviewed at CDS‐Swansea in the 1970s are still pertinent, and new dimensions have been added through growing concerns for nation‐building, sustainability, democracy, gender equity and human rights. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐approaching social development: a field of action between social life and policy processes
Authors: Arce Alberto 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis article reflects on contemporary social development, and suggests that we need to initiate a process of thinking about a post neo‐liberal development agenda. As a step in this direction, it is suggested we need to re‐approach the social as a conceptual category in order to consider social analysis not simply as an epiphenomenon of economic development, but as a social sphere in its own right. To start thinking about this process, the social is approached through the metaphor of the middle ground, which acts as a device to help conceptualize a field of action between social life and policy processes. Exploration of this field of action is used to consider changes in the policy community by focusing on the implications of ‘liberal freedom’ and ‘negative freedom’ for people's actions. This provides a basis to take a critical view of concepts such as social capital and approaches such as sustainable livelihoods, reflect neo‐liberal social development discourses. This leads us to argue for the need to consider the potential of contemporary biological science and of social movements for reinvigorating our understanding of social development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of difference and practical theory: researching the new poverty strategy processes in Africa
Authors: Booth David 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA collection on the past and future of social‐development analysis provides an opportunity to reflect and connect. This article reflects on a ten‐year‐old book called Rethinking Social Development and connects it with a recent study of Poverty Reduction Strategy processes in Africa. It argues that the recent work fills a gap in the empirical basis of the book, adding force to its main arguments—about dominance, agency and diversity in development—while also speaking to some unresolved issues: about the place of macro‐institutional analysis, the limits of ‘actor orientation’ and the generation of practical theory. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mainstreaming the social dimension into the overseas development administration: a partial history
Authors: Eyben Rosalind 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWritten by the first Chief Social Development Adviser of the Overseas Development Administration (now called the Department for International Development), this article describes when, why and how an understanding of the social dimension became mainstreamed into the policy and practice of the British aid programme. Exploring the growth within the context of the changing political aid environment of the final quarter of the last century, the history of social development within the British aid programmes is described from its origins in the mid‐1970s up to 1997. It asks how it was that a new specialist group of social analysts was established as part of the agency's bureaucratic machinery and compares this with the World Bank's experience. The article concludes by briefly considering the challenges facing social development expertise following 1997. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why has it ended up here? Development (and other) messages and social connectivity in northern Orissa
Authors: Rew Alan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn northern Orissa, official messages about government schemes and UN millennium development goals arrive in the villages; but the subsequent action is perceived as unpredictable, with latent costs, and often not matched to community demands. Messages sent by villagers illustrate the principle of ‘self‐organizing connectivity’; they travel along complex, indeterminate, social routes yet arrive in good time and without charge; and bring new ways of coping with poverty. The research suggests that significant social development gains are at risk from over‐concentration on global millennium development goal supply targets. Insufficient attention is being paid to community demands. Context sensitive and democratised social analysis as a key part of implementation is recommended. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of orthogonal curvilinear meshes in three dimensions
Authors: Meliani H. , Djebbar J.A. , de Cogan D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this article a method of curvilinear orthogonal mesh generation in three dimensions is described. This technique is based on the solution of elliptic equations in two and three dimensions. Frequently, the generated meshes are not quite orthogonal; hence a modified Davies' algorithm is used to solve this problem. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using examples based on electromagnetic field problems. These curvilinear meshes have the ability to correctly represent non‐uniform geometry, as well as regions containing singularities or high gradient fields. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The computation of the input impedance of a biconical antenna by means of a method of segmentation based on 3D finite elements
Authors: Ma Gil José , Rubio Jesús , Zapata Juan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe analysis of structures with complex geometries leads to the use of three‐dimensional numerical methods. Such devices can be unmanageable unless a segmentation technique is applied. In this work, a hybrid 3D finite‐element‐mode matching method, based on the generalized admittance matrix (GAM) is applied to the computation of the input impedance of a biconical antenna fed by a cylindrical cavity loaded with resonant slots and matched by a coupling network composed of three multi‐ridge circular irises and sections of circular waveguides. The structure is segmented into regions which are analysed separately and, by means of linking the partial matrices calculated, the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) is obtained. In order to validate the method, numerical results and measurements are compared. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleeve monopole on a circular ground‐plane
Authors: Shen Zhongxiang , MacPhie Robert H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a modal‐expansion analysis of a sleeve monopole antenna on a finite ground‐plane. Two perfectly conducting plates (one above the monopole and the other under the ground‐plane) are introduced to confine the modeling region and to facilitate the modal‐expansion analysis. The resulting guided‐wave structure is then divided into a number of regions and the electromagnetic field components in each region are expanded into the summation of its modal functions. The surface current distribution on the monopole and the antenna's input impedance and radiation pattern are obtained by finding the expansion coefficients through matching the tangential field components across the regional interfaces. Calculated results by the modal‐expansion method agree well with measured results for the return loss of a sleeve monopole fed through a circular ground‐plane by a coaxial probe. Numerical results for the surface current distribution, input impedance, and radiation pattern of a sleeve monopole on a circular ground plane are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TLM models of waves in moving media: refinements and dispersion analysis
Authors: O'Connor William J 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTwo recent papers about transmission line matrix (TLM) models of waves in moving media used notional diodes to achieve the appropriate direction‐dependent wave speeds. Despite the algorithm's demonstrated success, the operation of the diodes might be criticized for being non‐physical from a circuit theory perspective. Alternative circuit models are here developed that avoid this objection, being based on wave two‐ports and standard circuit theory components. Their operation obeys the same numerical algorithm derived using the diodes, thereby confirming the validity of the original computational scheme. Furthermore these circuits lead more easily to the direction‐dependent wave speed expressions and provide exact analytic results for dispersion and attenuation effects, which are here presented and discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.