bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of paediatric brain tumours by their MRS metabolite profiles
Authors: Gill Simrandip K. , Rose Heather E. L. , Wilson Martin , Rodriguez Gutierrez Daniel , Worthington Lara , Davies Nigel P. , MacPherson Lesley , Hargrave Darren R. , Saunders Dawn E. , Clark Christopher A. , Payne Geoffrey S. , Leach Martin O. , Howe Franklyn A. , Auer Dorothee P. , Jaspan Tim , Morgan Paul S. , Grundy Richard G. , Avula Shivaram , Pizer Barry , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Peet Andrew C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has the potential to improve the noninvasive diagnostic accuracy for paediatric brain tumours. However, studies analysing large, comprehensive, multicentre datasets are lacking, hindering translation to widespread clinical practice. Single‐voxel MRS (point‐resolved single‐voxel spectroscopy sequence, 1.5 T: echo time [TE] 23–37 ms/135–144 ms, repetition time [TR] 1500 ms; 3 T: TE 37–41 ms/135–144 ms, TR 2000 ms) was performed from 2003 to 2012 during routine magnetic resonance imaging for a suspected brain tumour on 340 children from five hospitals with 464 spectra being available for analysis and 281 meeting quality control. Mean spectra were generated for 13 tumour types. Mann–Whitney U‐tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare mean metabolite concentrations. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine the potential for individual metabolites to discriminate between specific tumour types. Principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis was used to construct a classifier to discriminate the three main central nervous system tumour types in paediatrics. Mean concentrations of metabolites were shown to differ significantly between tumour types. Large variability existed across each tumour type, but individual metabolites were able to aid discrimination between some tumour types of importance. Complete metabolite profiles were found to be strongly characteristic of tumour type and, when combined with the machine learning methods, demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 93% for distinguishing between the three main tumour groups (medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and ependymoma). The accuracy of this approach was similar even when data of marginal quality were included, greatly reducing the proportion of MRS excluded for poor quality. Children's brain tumours are strongly characterised by MRS metabolite profiles readily acquired during routine clinical practice, and this information can be used to support noninvasive diagnosis. This study provides both key evidence and an important resource for the future use of MRS in the diagnosis of children's brain tumours.
Cognitive behavioural therapy treatment for a fear of hypoglycaemia within a primary care psychological therapy service: a case study
Authors: Bannon Josie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience a fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH) which can have detrimental consequences on management of blood glucose (BG) levels and quality of life. A cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) graded exposure approach has been recommended to treat FOH. The purpose of this case study is to examine the effectiveness of CBT in treating FOH within the context of a primary care psychological therapy service. It was found that CBT treatment led to: a reduction in threat beliefs related to FOH; lower BG levels; and reduced levels of depression and anxiety. Clinical implications are discussed for treating FOH within primary care. Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons.
Review on therapeutic potential of peptides: Advancements in synthesis methods, linear and cyclic peptides, and strategies for overcoming challenges
Authors: Lalani Naurin , Tivari Sunil , Jain Vicky , Jadeja Yashwantsinh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the realm of therapeutic peptides, tremendous progress has been achieved in the last two decades. The building block of peptides that is, ‘Amino Acid’ has been modified by various chemical modifications such as side‐chain alteration in linear peptides, cyclization, back‐bone modification, pro‐drug moiety, conjugation with heterocycles, and natural products to make peptides a foremost candidate as a therapeutic drug. Since the advent of insulin in 1922, peptides have immensely affected the development of the pharmaceutical industry giving rise to the peptide‐based drug industry. In recent years, peptides having antimicrobial, antiviral, anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐aging, and antioxidant properties have developed. Also, it has now entered as a potent candidate in the field of oncology and also become a valuable tool as a radiolabeled peptide for the detection of various diseases. Generally, peptides were extracted from natural sources in the olden days, but presently work is directed towards finding alternate and sustainable ways for developing synthetic peptides. The present review covers the discussion about the historic evaluation of peptides, available effective synthetic processes, current advancements, use of bioinformatic tools, computational strategies, and the methodology to overcome the barrier for making peptides the potent candidate for the future world.
Use of bivalirudin after initial heparin management among adult patients on long‐term venovenous extracorporeal support as a bridge to lung transplant: A case series
Authors: Halawi Hala , Harris Jesse E. , Goodarzi Ahmad , Yau Simon , Youssef Jihad G. , Botros Mena , Huang Howard J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA growing body of evidence supports the use of bivalirudin as an alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the prevention of thrombotic events in patients on venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, data in patients bridged to lung transplantation are limited. In this case series, we describe the outcomes of six patients who were transitioned from UFH to bivalirudin during their course of VV ECMO support as a bridge to lung transplantation. All six patients were on VV ECMO support until transplant, with a median duration of 73 days. Bivalirudin demonstrated a shorter time to first therapeutic activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) level. Additionally, time in therapeutic range was longer while patients were receiving bivalirudin compared to UFH (median 92.9% vs. 74.6%). However, major bleeding and thrombotic events occurred while patients were receiving either anticoagulant. Based on our experience, bivalirudin appears to be a viable option for anticoagulation in VV ECMO patients bridged to lung transplantation. Larger studies evaluating the optimal anticoagulation strategy in patients bridged to transplant are needed.
Development and improvement of a transient temperature model of PV modules: Concept of trailing data
Authors: Goodfriend Whyte , Pieters E. Bart , Tsvetelina Merdzhanova , Solomon Agbo , Ezema Fabian , Rau Uwe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of a transient temperature model of photovoltaic (PV) modules is presented in this paper. Currently, there are a few steady‐state temperature models targeted at assessing and predicting the PV module temperature. One of the most commonly used models is the Faiman thermal model. This model is derived from the modified Hottel‐Whillier‐Bliss (HWB) model for flat‐plate solar‐thermal collector under steady‐state conditions and assumes low or no thermal mass in the modules (i.e., short time constants such that transients are neglected, and steady‐state conditions are assumed). The transient extension of the Faiman model we present in this paper introduces a thermal mass, which provides two advantages. First of all, it improves the temperature prediction under dynamic conditions. Second, our transient extension to the Faiman model allows the accurate parametrization of the Faiman model under dynamic conditions. We present our model and parametrization method. Furthermore, we applied the model and parametrization method to a 1‐year data set with 5‐min resolved outdoor module measurements. We demonstrate a significant improvement in temperature prediction for the transient model, especially under dynamic conditions.
Longitudinal effect of the parent‐child relationship in home quarantine on internalizing and externalizing problems after school reopening for students in boarding high school: A chain mediation model
Authors: Jia Xiaoyu , Li Ping , Xie Yitao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe parent‐child relationship plays an important role in shaping adolescents' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between the parent‐child relationship and mental health are unclear. Using a 2‐wave longitudinal design, this study examined the role of both mother‐child and father‐child relationships during home quarantine in boarding school students' internalizing and externalizing problems after school reopening, and the mediating roles of academic buoyancy and academic engagement. A total of 1967 boarding high school students completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires before and after school reopening. Results indicated that both father‐child and mother‐child relationships indirectly contributed to internalizing and externalizing problems through the interlinked mediation path of academic buoyancy and academic engagement. The mother‐child relationship had greater influence on internalizing and externalizing problems than the father‐child relationship. These findings clarify the associations between the parent‐child relationships and mental health problems of boarding high school students during the transition to school reopening in the COVID‐19 pandemic, expanding our understanding of psychological adjustment related to parent‐child relationships and the potential mechanisms of these relationships.
Influence of celiac disease on balance control and bone mineral density in adult women
Authors: de Melo Ostroski Isis , Jacques Bellini Angela , Parizotto Patrícia , Cabral Duarte Luiz Henrique , Nascimento Amanda Bagolin do , Moraes Santos Gilmar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeCeliac Disease (CD) is a chronic form of autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten and related prolamin consumption. CD presents as a neurological, rheumatological, and musculoskeletal disorder, with ataxia and peripheral neuropathy being the most common. These symptoms could affect balance control and consequently the daily activities and decreased bone mass of these individuals. Although balance disorders are increasingly common, and the diagnosis of celiac diseases is growing worldwide, there is no consensus on the influence of a gluten‐free diet (GFD) on balance control and bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to analyze the influence of celiac disease on balance control and BMD in adult women.MethodsA total of 52 adult women aged 18–56 years participated in the study and were divided into two groups: with (26 patients) and without celiac disease (26 patients). The outcome variables were obtained by anthropometry and sociodemographic data. The Celiac Dietary Adherence Test questionnaire was used to assess adherence to the GFD, Neurocom ™ Smart Equitest® to determine balance control, and GE® Lunar Prodigy Advance DXA Bone densitometer for evaluation of BMD. The displacement of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions was evaluated under six conditions of the sensory organization test through a routine test performed in MATLAB.ResultsAdult women with CD who adhered to a GFD had vestibular system deficits and normal BMD.DiscussionAdult women with CD presented less balance control when they required greater activation of the vestibular system, suggesting that adherence to a GFD leads to normal bone mass.
Longitudinal associations of apathy and regional tau in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Premnath Pranitha Y. , Locascio Joseph J. , Mimmack Kayden J. , Gonzalez Christopher , Properzi Michael J. , Udeogu Onyinye , Rosenberg Paul B. , Marshall Gad A. , Gatchel Jennifer R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionIt is important to study apathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) to better understand its underlying neurobiology and develop effective interventions. In the current study, we sought to examine the relationships between longitudinal apathy and regional tau burden in cognitively impaired older adults from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.MethodsThree hundred and nineteen ADNI participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD dementia underwent flortaucipir (FTP) tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and clinical assessment with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) annually. Longitudinal NPI Apathy (NPI‐A) scores were examined in relation to baseline tau PET signal in three a priori selected regions implicated in AD and AD‐related apathy (supramarginal gyrus, entorhinal cortex [EC] and rostral anterior cingulate cortex [rACC]). Secondary models were adjusted for global cognition (Mini‐Mental State Examination score) and cortical amyloid (florbetapir PET).ResultsHigher baseline supramarginal gyrus and EC tau burden were each significantly associated with greater NPI‐A over time, while rACC tau was associated with higher NPI‐A but did not predict its trajectory over time. These results were retained for supramarginal and EC tau after adjusting models for global cognition and cortical amyloid.DiscussionOur findings suggest that baseline in vivo tau burden in parietal and temporal brain regions affected in AD, and less so in a medial frontal region involved in motivational control, is associated with increasing apathy over time in older adults with MCI and AD dementia. Future work studying emergent apathy in relation to not only core AD pathology but also circuit level dysfunction may provide additional insight into the neurobiology of apathy in AD and opportunities for intervention.Highlights
Tau (Flortaucipir PET) in regions implicated in AD was associated with increasing apathy over time
Cortical amyloid was also found to be a robust predictor of the trajectory of apathy
Evidence of synergy between regional tau and amyloid in overall higher levels of apathy
Food Policy: A Case of Punctuated Equilibrium
Authors: Rahman Andaleeb , Pingali Prabhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBeginning as a war-time food ration in the colonial era and going on to become India’s principal instrument to fight against hunger, PDS has emerged as India’s largest and arguably the most contentious social welfare program in the country. Having undergone multiple reforms in program delivery and design, the ‘new style’ PDS is finally beginning to deliver tangible benefits in terms of reducing latent hunger, food insecurity, and improved diet diversity. Yet, there is an intensified debate around replacing food transfers with cash transfers because PDS value chain relies upon an interlocked producer–consumer incentive structure which inhibits innovation in program design and therefore potentially limits its effectiveness in improving nutritional security. In this chapter, we argue that key to innovation in PDS is to reframe the food transfer debate as an issue of nutritional security. Improved nutrition as the scope of PDS might allow for greater deliberations upon the composition basket of the PDS, whether (and when) replacing it with cash transfers would be a feasible one.
Double copy for tree-level form factors. Part II. Generalizations and special topics
Authors: Lin Guanda , Yang Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Both the Bern, Carrasco, and Johansson (BCJ) and the Kawai, Lewellen, and Tye (KLT) double-copy formalisms have been recently generalized to a class of scattering matrix elements (so-called form factors) that involve local gauge-invariant operators. In this paper, we continue the study of double copy for form factors. First, we generalize the double-copy prescription to form factors of higher-length operators tr(ϕm) with m ≥ 3. These higher-length operators introduce new non-trivial color identities, but the double-copy prescription works perfectly well. The closed formulae for the CK-dual numerators are also provided. Next, we discuss the $$ \overrightarrow{\upsilon} $$

υ
→

vectors which are central ingredients appearing in the factorization relations of both the KLT kernels and the gauge form factors. We present a general construction rule for the $$ \overrightarrow{\upsilon} $$

υ
→

vectors and discuss their universal properties. Finally, we consider the double copy for the form factor of the tr(F2) operator in pure Yang-Mills theory. In this case, we propose a new prescription which involves a gauge invariant decomposition for the form factor and a mixture of different CK-dual numerators appearing in the expansion. The new prescription for the more complicated double copy has been verified up to five external gluons.
Public Attitudes toward the Final Disposal of Radioactively Contaminated Soil Resulting from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident
Authors: Takada Momo , Murakami Michio , Ohnuma Susumu , Shibata Yukihide , Yasutaka Tetsuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRadioactively contaminated soil from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident in 2011 is required by law to be finally disposed of outside Fukushima Prefecture by 2045. To gain public acceptance of this policy, it is essential to promote understanding and nationwide discussion. We conducted a web-based survey of 2000 people in Japan to examine public attitudes toward final disposal of the contaminated soil outside Fukushima Prefecture. Results show that policy approval was negatively correlated with perceived risk of a final disposal site, sense of inequity associated with building a final disposal site near residential areas, and values that are absolutely non-negotiable or protected from trade-offs with other values (protected values). Policy approval was positively correlated with high levels of interest in the Fukushima accident and subjective knowledge of decontamination and the policy. Respondents’ comments and opinions about the policy indicated that respondents who approved of the policy accepted burden sharing, while those who disapproved were unconvinced by the rationale behind disposal outside Fukushima Prefecture and were dissatisfied by the lack of information disclosure and transparency. While the government’s efforts to disseminate information about the current status and future of Fukushima have been effective to a certain extent, they are insufficient to achieve widespread public understanding of the policy. Our results indicate that attention needs to be paid to procedural fairness and explanations of risks.
Presentations of Braid Groups of Type A Arising from $$(m+2)$$-angulations of Regular Polygons
Authors: Morigi Davide 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColoured quiver mutation, introduced by Buan, A.B., Thomas, H (Adv. Math. 222(3), 971–995 2009), gives a combinatorial interpretation of tilting in higher cluster categories. In type A work of Baur, K., Marsh, B. (Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 360(11), 5789-5803 2008) shows that m-coloured quivers and m-coloured quiver mutations have a nice geometrical description, given in terms of $$(m+2)$$

(
m
+
2
)

-angulations of a regular polygon, and rotations of an m-diagonal. In this paper, using such correspondence, we describe presentations of braid groups of type A arising from coloured quivers of mutation type A.
Regenerated cellulose properties tailored for optimized triboelectric output and the effect of counter-tribolayers
Authors: Dahlström Christina , Eivazi Alireza , Nejström Malin , Zhang Renyun , Pettersson Torbjörn , Iftikhar Haider , Rojas Orlando J. , Medronho Bruno , Norgren Magnus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCellulose has shown great potential in the development of green triboelectric nanogenerators. Particularly, regenerated cellulose (R-cellulose) has shown remarkably high output power density but the structural features and key parameters that explain such superior performance remain unexplored. In this work, wood cellulose fibers were dissolved in a LiOH(aq)-based solvent to produce a series of R-cellulose films. Regeneration in different alcohols (from methanol to n-pentanol) was performed and the films’ structural features and triboelectric performance were assessed. Nonsolvents of increased hydrophobicity led to R-cellulose films with a more pronounced (1–10) diffraction peak. An open-circuit voltage (VOC) of up to ca. 260 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of up to ca. 150 µA were measured for R-cellulose against polytetrafluoroethylene (as negative counter-layer). However, R-cellulose showed an increased VOC of 175% (from 88.1 V) against polydimethylsiloxane when increasing the alcohol hydrocarbon chain length from methanol to n-pentanol. The corresponding ISC and output power also increased by 76% (from 89.9 µA) and by 382% (from 8.8 W m–2), respectively. The higher R-cellulose hydrophilicity, combined with soft counter-tribolayer that follow the surface structures increasing the effective contact area, are the leading reasons for a superior triboelectric performance.
Graphic abstract
Investigating problem-solving behaviours of university students through an eye-tracking system using GeoGebra in geometry: A case study
Authors: Türkoğlu Hacer , Yalçınalp Serpil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProblem solving is one of the high-level thinking skills and essential in teaching mathematical concepts and procedures. The eye-tracking method allows educators to see and interpret different problem-solving behaviours of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem-solving behaviours of university students based on eye tracking statistics when faced with a geometry problem, and to explain these behaviours in terms of the students' success and learning styles. The research design was a case study approach that combined quantitative and qualitative data. Eight first-year students from the department of elementary mathematics education in a private University, Turkey, participated in this study. They were asked to solve a specific geometry question using the GeoGebra software. While solving this question, their eye movements were recorded and analysed using an eye-tracking program. Results were analysed to investigate their problem-solving skills and behaviours based on Polya’s mathematical problem-solving stages. Results of the study suggest that the effort devoted to the understanding and planning stages of problem-solving are important factors that contribute to success in this case. Results also revealed that participated students with a converger learning style were more successful in each step of the problem-solving process. Additionally, it could be concluded that the input area had only been used by converger students, indicating that they devoted time and effort to creating and trying formulas.