bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse Effect of Inflammatory Markers on Insulin Resistance and Insulin‐Resistance Syndrome in the Elderly
Authors: Abbatecola Angela M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Grella Rodolfo , Bandinelli Stefania , Bonafè Massimiliano , Barbieri Michelangela , Corsi Anna M. , Lauretani Fulvio , Franceschi Claudio , Paolisso Giuseppe 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To evaluate the potential association between different inflammatory markers and insulin resistance (IR), as well as insulin‐resistance syndrome (IRS) in a large, population‐based study of older, nondiabetic persons.Design: Cross‐sectional study.Setting: Outpatient clinic in Greve in Chianti and Bagno a Ripoli (Italy).Participants: One thousand one hundred forty‐six nondiabetic subjects ranging in age from 22 to 104.Measurements: Anthropometric measurements; plasma fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and cholesterol (total, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein); homeostasis model assessment to estimate degree of insulin resistance; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R), interleukin receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations; diastolic, systolic, and mean arterial blood pressure; and echo‐color‐Doppler duplex scanning examination of carotid arteries.Results: Insulin resistance correlated with age (r=0.102; P<.001) and plasma levels of TNF‐α (r=0.082; P=.007), IL‐1ra (r=0.147; P<.001), IL‐6 (r=0.133; P<.001), sIL‐6R (r=−0.156; P<.001), and CRP (r=0.83; P<.001). Subjects in the upper tertile of IR degree were older and had higher serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1ra, and IL‐6 and lower levels of sIL‐6R than subjects in the lowest tertile. Independent of age, sex, body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, triglycerides, drug intake, diastolic blood pressure, smoking habit, and carotid atherosclerotic plaques, higher IL‐6 (t=2.987; P=.003) serum concentrations were associated with higher IR, whereas sIL‐6R levels (t=−5.651; P<.001) were associated with lower IR. Furthermore, IL‐1ra concentrations (t=2.448; P=.015) were associated with IRS, and higher sIL‐6R plasma levels continued to correlate negatively with IRS.Conclusion: Different inflammatory markers are associated with a diverse effect on IR and IRS in elderly nondiabetic subjects.
Potentially Inappropriate Antiepileptic Drugs for Elderly Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Pugh Mary Jo V. , Cramer Joyce , Knoefel Janice , Charbonneau Andrea , Mandell Alan , Kazis Lewis , Berlowitz Dan 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To describe prescribing patterns for older veterans with epilepsy, determine whether disparity exists between these patterns and clinical recommendations, and describe those at greatest risk of receiving potentially inappropriate antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Design: Retrospective administrative database analysis.Setting: All outpatient facilities within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).Participants: All veterans aged 65 and older who had epilepsy diagnosed before the end of fiscal year 1999 (FY99) and who received AEDs from the VA in FY99 (N=21,435).Measurements: National VA pharmacy data were used to determine the AED regimen based on the AEDs patients received during the year. Administrative data were used to describe demographic variables and to gauge disease severity and epilepsy onset.Results: Approximately 17% of patients received phenobarbital and 54% phenytoin. Patients classified as having newly diagnosed disease were less likely to receive phenobarbital monotherapy and combination therapy and more likely to receive gabapentin or lamotrigine monotherapy (χ2=288.90, P<.001). Logistic regression analyses indicated that, for all patients, those with more severe disease were less likely to receive phenobarbital monotherapy than other monotherapy and phenobarbital combinations than other combinations. Those who received specialty consultation were less likely to receive phenytoin monotherapy than AED monotherapy, which is consistent with clinical recommendations.Conclusion: Most older veterans received potentially inappropriate AED therapy. Hence, the standard of care for older patients with epilepsy should be reevaluated, although the vast use of phenytoin in this population suggests that change in practice patterns may be difficult.
Toward Better Drugs for Less
Authors: Kessler Daniel Philip 
Published: December 2004

The Truth About the Drug CompaniesHow They Deceive Us and What To Do About It .by Marcia Angell. Random House, New York, 2004. 325 pp. $24.95, C$34.95. ISBN 0-375-50846-5.Powerful MedicinesThe Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs.By Jerry Avorn. Knopf, New York, 2004. 457 pp. $27.50, C$39.95. ISBN 0-375-41483-5.Angell offers an expose of the pharmaceutical industry, which she describes as "primarily a marketing machine to sell drugs of dubious benefit." Avorn discusses how prescription drugs are approved, promoted, and used. To contain costs, he argues for an agenda of comparative studies that would inform physicians, patients, and those who pay the bills.
Elastic Cycles as Flexible Hosts: How Tubes Built by Cyclic Chalcogenaalkynes Individually Host Their Guests
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Werz Daniel B 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Tubular structures arise in the solid state through close chalcogen–chalcogen contacts. Several examples containing sulfur and selenium centers are presented. In the case of cyclic systems of ring size 22–33 the resulting tubes are capable of including π-systems as guest molecules. For hexaselenacyclotriacontahexayne 8(5) it is shown that the cycle is flexible and adopts a smaller space in the case of furan or n-hexane as compared with that of mesitylene. This behavior is attributed to the relatively low torsional barrier at the chalcogen-substituted butadiyne unit.
N-Alkylation of Phthalimide, Carboxamide, and Sulfonamides By Oxdation–Reduction Condensation Using Di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone and Alkyl Diphenylphosphinite
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Aoki Hidenori 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Various N-alkylamides were obtained in high yields under mild conditions by treating alkyl diphenylphosphinite with phthalimide, carboxamide or sulfonamides in the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) by oxdation–reduction condensation.
Fabrication of a Novel Nanodevice That Functions on Demand
Authors: Oba Toru , Hanasaki Mitsuru , Minabe Masahiro , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A novel nanodevice that had a well-defined nanostructure was fabricated by utilizing cytoskeleton ‘microtubule.’ The device can function on demand, as well as be reusable, repairable, and modifiable. The present study may lead to fabrication of elaborate (supra)molecular systems, such as self-healing materials.
Facile Synthesis of Uniform Tungsten Oxide Nanorods in Large Scale
Authors: Zhang Bing , Cao Chuanbao , Qiu Hailin , Xu Yajie , Wang Yingchun , Zhu Hesun 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The uniform tungsten oxide nanorods have been synthesized in large scale simply by heating a treated foil of tungsten. The diameter of the nanorods ranged from 100 to 300 nm and the length was up to 10 μm.
Oxidation of Cyclohexane over Bi-incorporated MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Catalyst with Oxygen as Oxidant
Authors: Qian Guang , Lu Gaomeng , Ji Dong , Zhao Rui , Qi Yanxing , Suo Jishuan 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Bismuth-incorporated MCM-41, which was directly synthesized under strongly acidic conditions and characterized, for the first time, by XRD, UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy, was used as catalyst for the oxidation of cyclohexane without organic solvent using O2 as oxidant, and the results of reaction indicate that Bi-MCM-41 is a very stable and efficient catalyst.
Improving locomotive syndrome risk level through community‐led activities to establish walking habits
Authors: Matsushita Daisuke , Gu Yangcheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of walking habits and mobility improvement on an aging population among 30 residents of a suburban residential complex with the aim of promoting sustainable health activities led by residents. The results showed a total of 911 person‐days of actual walking (Mean = 30.4, Standard Deviation = 15.7) with an average of 30 days per person or a frequency of almost daily intervals over 2 months. In total, 68.4% of early‐ and 54.5% of late‐elderly participants met the recommended criteria for healthy older adults. The results of the GLFS‐25 and 2‐step tests showed a significant improvement in the mobility function after the walking period compared to before the walking period. In addition to the improvements in physical mobility, there were improvements in social interactions and participation in community activities. The participants' post‐walking effect showed that 85% of them were in good health, 50% had positive social interactions, and 25% had positive statements regarding community and town planning. The results verified that resident‐led sustainable walking activities can establish walking habits and improve mobility.
Transfer learning for forecasting hourly indoor air temperatures of buildings with electrochromic glass
Authors: Srisamranrungruang Thanyalak , Hiyama Kyosuke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to employ transfer learning with a fully connected feed‐forward neural network for forecasting the indoor air temperatures of adaptive buildings with electrochromic (EC) glass. This study predicted indoor air temperatures for an intermediate season requiring heating and cooling. Forecasting indoor air temperature can help control the EC glass to avoid overheating the interiors. The forecasting times for the predictions varied from 1 to 5 h between early morning and noon, which is when the interior is often overheated. The pretrained model was created using multilayer perceptron learning with the simulation data of a source building in Tokyo and transfer learning with feature‐based extraction models that used datasets from the simulation of target buildings in Tokyo and Fukuoka. Further, the effects of facade orientation were investigated. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of the pretrained model varied from 0.027 to 0.935 when predicting the indoor air temperatures from 1 to 5 h. The RMSE of the transfer learning models using the pretrained model with the same and different orientations varied from 0.022 to 1.205 and from 0.9301 to 2.566. This study demonstrated that utilizing predicted indoor air temperatures to control EC glass can help protect against overheating.
Vibration‐Enabled Mobility of Liquid Metal
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Gan Tiansheng , Wang Tao , He Bin , Han Peigang , Stadler Florian J. , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirected liquid metal (gallium‐based) manipulation and actuation are paramount for copious applications, including soft robotics, soft electronics, and targeted drug delivery. Although there are several strategies available to achieve mobility of liquid metals in a “wet” environment. Strategies to achieve and improve mobility of liquid metal droplets and puddles in a “dry” environment are scarce and rely on metallophobic surface design or liquid metal marbles. Here, high mobility of Galinstan is elucidated by combining metallophobic surface design and vertical vibrations. Vibration frequencies between 20 and 30 Hz are conducive to droplet movement and threshold inclination angles of 0.5° to 1° are observed upon actuation by these vibrations. The method itself is applicable for a wide range of droplet sizes (30 and 2000 µL) and very robust. The droplet movement typically comprises of periodic receding and advancing of the droplet and commences via a rolling mechanism rather than a gliding mechanism. Finally, it is shown that small (0.5 mm height) obstacles can be traversed by this method, indicating that it can be used in concert with other strategies, such as surface structuring strategies, which open up pathways for mobility and controlled actuation of liquid metal droplets in air.
Glucose Epimerization‐Modulated Phytochemicals Constructing Carrier‐Free Hydrogel for Regulation of Macrophage Phenotype to Promote Wound Healing
Authors: Lu Jihui , Zhao Haoqiang , Wang Zhijia , Lin Xiaoyu , Pi Wenmin , Zhang Xiang , Yang Luping , Yao Shuchang , Zhang Yaozhi , Huang Xuemei , Lei Haimin , Wang Penglong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe self‐assembly of phytochemicals with multiple chiral centers is receiving significant attention for its potential in biomedical applications. However, the impact of single chiral center epimerization on molecular self‐assembly remains unexplored. Herein, the self‐assembly behavior and bioactivities of 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐α‐D‐glucose (α‐D‐PGG) and 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose (β‐D‐PGG) is examined, a pair of natural ellagitannins abundant in plants. Interestingly, β‐D‐PGG formed a hydrogel without modification, while α‐D‐PGG does not. This occurred due to the balanced distribution of aromatic rings and phenolic hydroxyl groups in β‐D‐PGG, facilitating self‐assembly via hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking into nanofibers. In contrast, α‐D‐PGG's self‐assembly is inhibited by steric hindrance. Notably, β‐D‐PGG hydrogel demonstrated exceptional antibacterial activity and by regulating macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, thereby reducing inflammation. This study not only reveals the distinct self‐assembly behaviors of glucose derivatives but also offers new insights into their potential in biomedical applications, such as wound healing.
Laser Ablation‐Induced Boron Nitride Aerogels with Intrinsic Photoluminescence for Efficient Information Encryption
Authors: Li Guangyong , Chai Yushan , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBoron nitride (BN) aerogels, dual interconnecting network of BN nanoscale building blocks, and plenty of air within these nanoscale building blocks, have great potential in many emerging fields. However, fast synthesis and emerging applications, e.g., information encryption, are still challenging for advancing BN aerogels. Herein, intrinsic photoluminescent BN aerogels with programmable patterns are developed via laser ablating of melamine diborate (M2B) aerogel. The obtained BN aerogel exhibited typical hollow‐microsphere structures and blue fluorescence phenomenon, which are totally different from BN aerogels reported elsewhere. This BN aerogel exhibited excellent thermal insulation properties (0.027 W mK−1), transient fluorescence feature (3 ns average radiative lifetime), high quantum yield (18.45%), and excellent weather ability (e.g., resistance to high temperature, solar irradiation, and humidness). By programming the laser moving path, different fluorescent patterns (e.g., various security labels, secret matching keys, quick response codes) of BN aerogels can be processed, which promises excellent information encryption in the field of Internet of Things, etc. The results may inspire researchers to fabricate more aerogels with this fast laser‐ablation strategy and the resulting intrinsic fluorescent BN aerogels may find significant applications in some emerging fields.
Gradient Nanotwins and Enhanced Weighted Mobility Synergistically Upgrade Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 Thermoelectric and Mechanical Performance
Authors: Pang Kaikai , Miao Liya , Zhang Qiang , Pan Qiaoyan , Liu Yan , Shi Huilie , Li Jingsong , Zhou Wenjie , Zhang Zongwei , Zhang Yuyou , Wu Gang , Tan Xiaojian , Noudem Jacques G. , Wu Jiehua , Sun Peng , Hu Haoyang , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Jiang Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBi2Te3‐based alloys have historically dominated the commercial realm of near room‐temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, the more widespread application is currently constrained by its mediocre TE performance and inferior mechanical properties resulting from intrinsic hierarchical structure. Herein, microstructure modulation and carrier transport optimization strategies are employed to efficiently balance the electro‐thermal transport performance. Specifically, the weighted mobility increases by 24%, while the lattice thermal conductivity decreases by 31% at 350 K compared to the matrix. Consequently, the Bi0.5Sb1.496Cu0.004Te2.98 sample attains a peak ZT of 1.45 at 350 K and an average ZT of 1.20 (300–500 K). Moreover, intricated microstructure design, exemplified by the gradient twin structure, significantly enhances the mechanical performance metrics, including Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and bending strength, to notable levels of 0.94 GPa, 224 MPa, and 58 MPa, respectively. Consequently, the constructed 17‐pair TE modules demonstrate a maximum conversion efficiency of 6.5% at ΔT = 200 K, surpassing the majority of reported Bi2Te3‐based modules. This study provides novel insights into the synergistic enhancement of TE and mechanical properties in Bi2Te3‐based materials, with potential applicability to other TE systems.
Blocking the Dendrite‐Growth of Zn Anode by Constructing Ti4O7 Interfacial Layer in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Yang , Liu Yongduo , Luo Shijian , Yang Yuran , Chen Fadong , Wang Meng , Guo Lin , Chen Siguo , Wei Zidong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZinc metal is a promising choice as a high‐capacity and cost‐effective anode for aqueous zinc‐based batteries. However, it faces challenges related to low cycling stability and poor reversibility due to parasitic reactions and the growth of zinc dendrites. In this study, a solution is proposed by introducing a conductive Ti4O7 layer on the zinc anode to enhance electrode stability. The Ti4O7 layer serves a dual purpose, effectively preventing spontaneous corrosion of the zinc anode in the electrolyte, thereby inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction and the generation of byproducts. Simultaneously, it promotes Zn nucleation and ensures a uniform electric field distribution, resulting in homogeneous Zn plating and stripping compared to using a bare zinc anode. Consequently, the Ti4O7‐coated Zn anode experiences a significant reduction in over‐potential, demonstrating long‐term stability and dendrite‐free behavior. This outcome ensures low polarization potential and high cycling stability in zinc‐ion batteries. The work underscores the potential of conductive oxides in the development of stable metal electrodes.
MAX Phase Ti2AlN for HfO2 Memristors with Ultra‐Low Reset Current Density and Large On/Off Ratio
Authors: Athena Fabia F. , Nnaji Moses , Vaca Diego , Tian Mengkun , Buchmaier Wolfgang , Aabrar Khandker Akif , Graham Samuel , Datta Suman , Kumar Satish , Vogel Eric M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA Ti2AlN MAX phase layered thin film electrode and oxygen getter layer for HfO2‐based two‐terminal memristors is presented. The Ti2AlN/HfOx/Ti memristor devices exhibit enhanced resistive switching performance, including an ultra‐low reset current density (< 10−8 MΩ cm2), substantial on‐off ratio (≈ 6000), excellent multi‐level functionality (≈ 9 distinct states), impressive retention (up to 300 °C), and robust endurance (>200 million) as compared to conventional TiN and other alternative materials based memristors. Experimental measurements and modeling suggest that the distinctive combination of low thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and unique ultra‐thin layer‐by‐layer structure of the Ti2AlN MAX phase thin film contribute to this exceptional performance with good reproducibility and stability. The results demonstrate for the first‐time the potential of this innovative sputtered MAX phase material for engineering energy‐efficient, high‐density non‐volatile digital, and analog memory devices aimed toward next‐generation sustainable artificial intelligence.
A Molecule Crowding Strategy to Stabilize Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Jibo , Li Qin , Yang Jinyu , Wang Runting , Ruan Jiafeng , Fang Fang , Sun Dalin , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) have recently emerged as a compelling choice for large‐scale energy storage when considering their safe operational characteristics and cost‐effectiveness. Nonetheless, the inadequate electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water (1.23 V) and severe dissolution of electrodes in aqueous electrolytes have proven bottlenecks to enabling high energy density and long lifespan of ASIBs. Here, a molecular crowding electrolyte is introduced, featuring nonflammable polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PED) as a crowding agent and a hydrogen bond receptor to further diminish the water activity. The 4.5 m (mol kg−1) NaClO4‐4 wt% H2O‐96 wt% PED electrolyte displayed an impressive ESW of 3.4 V, all while maintaining a moderate salt concentration of 4.5 m. Meanwhile, this electrolyte demonstrated substantial mitigation of vanadium dissolution in Na3V2(PO4)3. Consequently, in a comprehensive evaluation, the aqueous NaTi2(PO4)3||Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell exhibited an energy density of 47 Wh kg−1 at 1 C with a 74% retention after 100 cycles, and displayed negligible capacity decay (≈0.014% per cycle) at 5 C in 1000 cycles with high average coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. This work offers a universal strategy for the design of aqueous electrolytes with wide ESW and the ability to effectively suppress vanadium dissolution.
Coagulant Protein‐Free Blood Coagulation Using Catechol‐Conjugated Adhesive Chitosan/Gelatin Double Layer
Authors: Kim Soomi , Kim Keumyeon , Koh Mi‐Young , Do Minjae , Lee Moon Sue , Ryu Ji Hyun , Lee Haeshin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince the discovery of polyphenolic underwater adhesion in marine mussels, researchers strive to emulate this natural phenomenon in the development of adhesive hemostatic materials. In this study, bio‐inspired hemostatic materials that lead to pseudo‐active blood coagulation, utilizing traditionally passive polymer matrices of chitosan and gelatin are developed. The two‐layer configuration, consisting of a thin, blood‐clotting catechol‐conjugated chitosan (CHI‐C) layer and a thick, barrier‐functioning gelatin (Geln) ad‐layer, maximizes hemostatic capability and usability. The unique combination of coagulant protein‐free condition with CHI‐C showcases not only coagulopathy‐independent blood clotting properties (efficacy) but also exceptional clinical potential, meeting all necessary biocompatibility evaluation (safety) without inclusion of conventional coagulation triggering proteins such as thrombin or fibrinogen. As a result, the CHI‐C/Geln is approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS, Republic of Korea) as a class II medical device. Hemostatic efficacy observed in multiple animal models further demonstrates the superiority of CHI‐C/Geln sponges in achieving quick hemostasis compared to standard treatments. This study not only enriches the growing body of research on mussel‐inspired materials but also emphasizes the potential of biomimicry in developing advanced medical materials, contributing a promising avenue toward development of readily accessible and affordable hemostatic materials.