bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolutions in the ancient world
Authors: Goldstone Jack A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Revolutions were common in the ancient world, in both classical Greece and Rome. However, after the city-state republics were succeeded by large empires, revolutions went into abeyance, replaced by dynastic and regional conflicts. There were just two major exceptions, both in the Middle East—the Maccabean and Abbasid Revolutions.
Communist revolutions: Russia, China, and Cuba
Authors: Goldstone Jack A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the twentieth century, communist revolutions drawing on Marxist ideas of social transformation became popular in developing countries hoping to “leap” into modernity. However, such revolutions often delivered harsh authoritarian government along with economic development. Moreover, while some countries did industrialize and grow after communist revolutions, like Russia and China, they also suffered episodes of famine and war with high death tolls. Some communist revolutions, like that of Cuba, even failed to deliver strong economic growth.
Recent and future revolutions
Authors: Goldstone Jack A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Revolutions have not ceased; indeed they have become even more common since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Their character, however, has changed. Recent revolutions are more often non-violent, less ideological, and more focused on making governments more accountable and democratic. At the same time, revolutions have succeeded less often, as authoritarian governments have gotten better at suppressing revolutionary movements. Nonetheless, as long as there are unjust regimes, especially led by personalist rulers, we will likely see future revolutions when such regimes encounter economic or military crises.
Exploring the Views of Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Investigation into Social Participation and Support Perceptions in Türkiye
Authors: Rfat Mustafa , Ilme Emine , Namik Deniz , Koçak Orhan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In Türkiye, care for children with disabilities is performed predominantly by mothers, but they lack support from social services and close family, which exacerbates their challenges. This study examines social participation, social relations and perceptions of social support of mothers of children with developmental disabilities (MCDDs) from a social work perspective. A qualitative research method was used to understand MCDDs’ needs. The research population consisted of ten mothers living in Beyoğlu, a district of Istanbul. The data were obtained through semistructured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews. The themes were determined and explored using descriptive analysis. The study revealed that MCDDs bear the responsibility for their children's care with limited support from close family members. As a result, MCDDs face severe social isolation and mental health issues and have uncertain futures due to the inability to work or attend school. Moving forward, the situation of MCDDs requires intervention at the micro-, mezzo- and macrolevels to improve the overall well-being of mothers. The social work profession should intervene and assist mothers in accessing needed programmes and services.
An atypical airway cast
Authors: Ng Wincy Wing-Sze , Wong Max Kwun-Hung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A 60-year-old man intubated for airway protection after smoke inhalation was found to have decompensated hypercapnic respiratory failure. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed obstructive airway slough and pseudomembrane, a manifestation of severe inhalation injury. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was established for stabilization. The airway casts were removed successfully with periprocedural veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
Combinatorial Host-Response Biomarker Signature (BV Score) and Its Subanalytes TRAIL, IP-10, and C-Reactive Protein in Children With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Papan Cihan , Sidorov Semjon , Greiter Beat , Bühler Nina , Berger Christoph , Becker Sören L , Meyer Sauteur Patrick M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Host-response biomarkers to differentiate bacterial from viral etiology in children with respiratory infections have shown high accuracies, but are understudied in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infections.

Methods
We compared BV scores (0–34 indicating viral etiology, and 66–100 indicating bacterial etiology), tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; pg/mL), interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10; pg/mL), and C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/L) serum levels between Mp-positive (Mp+) and Mp-negative (Mp−) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses for clinical features and biomarkers.

Results
Of 80 CAP patients (median age, 6.3 years; 57.5% male), 26 had Mp+CAP. In Mp+CAP patients, compared to Mp−CAP patients, BV scores were lower (14.0 [3.0–27.8] vs 54.0 [12.0–84.8]; P = .0008), TRAIL levels were higher (86.5 [67.4–123.0] vs 65.5 [42.5–103.9]; P = .025), CRP levels were lower (12.9 [4.0–22.3] vs 36.7 [13.0–132.8]; P = .0019), and IP-10 levels were comparable (366.0 [150.2–603.8] vs 331.0 [154.3–878.8]; P = .73) (all median [interquartile range]). ROC analyses yielded a comparable discriminatory accuracy for the combination of age, fever duration, and duration of respiratory symptoms, with either procalcitonin or BV score (area under the ROC curve, 0.87 vs 0.86; P = .94).

Conclusions
Children with Mp+CAP have atypically low, viral levels of the BV score, underscoring the complementary role of microbiological testing.
Reference genome of Townsend’s big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii
Authors: Capel Samantha L R , Hamilton Natalie M , Fraser Devaughn , Escalona Merly , Nguyen Oanh , Sacco Samuel , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Seligmann William , Vazquez Juan M , Sudmant Peter H , Morrison Michael L , Wayne Robert K , Buchalski Michael R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Townsend’s big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii, is a cave- and mine-roosting species found largely in western North America. Considered a species of conservation concern throughout much of its range, protection efforts would greatly benefit from understanding patterns of population structure, genetic diversity, and local adaptation. To facilitate such research, we present the first de novo genome assembly of C. townsendii as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and Omni-C chromatin-proximity sequencing technologies were used to produce a de novo genome assembly, consistent with the standard CCGP reference genome protocol. This assembly comprises 391 scaffolds spanning 2.1 Gb, represented by a scaffold N50 of 174.6 Mb, a contig N50 of 23.4 Mb, and a benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog (BUSCO) completeness score of 96.6%. This high-quality genome will be a key tool for informed conservation and management of this vulnerable species in California and across its range.
Engineering carrier nanoparticles with biomimetic moieties for improved intracellular targeted delivery of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines
Authors: Puccetti Matteo , Pariano Marilena , Schoubben Aurelie , Ricci Maurizio , Giovagnoli Stefano 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Biological membrane-engineered lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have shown enormous potential as vehicles for drug delivery due to their outstanding biomimetic properties. To make these nanoparticles more adaptable to complex biological systems, several methods and cellular sources have been adopted to introduce biomembrane-derived moieties onto LNP and provide the latter with more functions while preserving their intrinsic nature. In this review, we focus on LNP decoration with specific regard to mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. The bio-engineering approach exploits a variety of biomembranes for functionalization, such as those derived from red blood cells, white blood cells, cancer cells, platelets, exosomes, and others. Biomembrane engineering could greatly enhance efficiency in targeted drug delivery, treatment, and diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, immunological diseases, and a variety of pathologic conditions. These membrane-modification techniques are expected to advance biomembrane-derived LNP into wider applications in the future.
Nomad Protagonists
Authors: Miller Bryan K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a framework for reconfiguring the history of the first nomadic empire from an Inner Asian perspective, highlighting pastoral traditions and practices of mobility that enabled the Xiongnu to create an efficient and resilient political organism. It expounds the economic practices and social conventions of steppe herders as fertile foundations for the creation of sophisticated institutions and infrastructures of empire. Through this, it renders a model of empires of mobilities, which engaged the control less of towns and territories and more of the movements of communities and capital to fuel their regimes. Summaries of historical and archaeological records from the Xiongnu era, which are woven together throughout the book, are provided to introduce the spectrum of varied data and analyses employed in the construction of a more robust steppe-centered narrative of the Xiongnu Empire.
Masters of the Steppe
Authors: Miller Bryan K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter recounts the endeavors of the early Xiongnu rulers to formulate a new political order and, through a succession of rapid conquests, establish centralized imperial rule over all of Inner Asia. Attention is given to the ways in which they established hegemony over neighboring polities, especially against the peer empire of Han China. The chapter details the ranks and hierarchy of the imperial regime, centered on a handful of noble nomads under a supreme leader, as well as the varied resources, including animals, people, grains, and luxuries, which the Xiongnu sought to control in order to feed their growing empire.
Of Wolves and Sheep
Authors: Miller Bryan K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter recounts the internal and external forces that tested the strength and stability of the empire. The first phase consisted of all-out war with the neighboring Han Empire, leading to drastic but not deadly reconfigurations of the Xiongnu Empire, followed by a colder war of diplomacy and distant conflicts involving the web of Central Asian states and territories over which the Han and Xiongnu struggled to exert supremacy. The second and more crippling phase brought to bear internal conflicts of repeated attempts by regional entities to throw off the Xiongnu imperial yoke and of challenges to imperial supremacy by the ruling lineage stemming from provincial factions and regional “kings” of the empire. This chapter shows that it was less external military pressure and more underlying internal struggles that could bring crippling crises of imperial dissolution.
The Quotable Guide to Punctuation
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This book makes punctuation more fun and easier to learn than traditional approaches do. It teaches the natural way, by example: each lesson begins with quotes that exemplify good punctuation and sentence structure. Quotations are humorous and informative, drawn from the words of notable figures--Shakespeare, Mark Twain, Jerry Seinfeld, Taylor Swift, Beyoncé, Jennifer Lawrence, and many others. Short essays accompany each lesson, showing how each punctuation mark originated and how its use has altered over time. Correct punctuation is vital for clear, accurate, and natural writing. Anyone preparing a course assignment, applying for a job or for college admission, or doing any other formal writing needs to know the standard conventions of punctuation. Yet many people have never been taught how to punctuate. A necessary addition to any writer's bookshelf, this enjoyable book will teach readers to punctuate effectively and confidently--through over 500 memorable quotes and clear explanations of the rules.
Raiding, Conquering, and Settling Down in Britain
Authors: Zori Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the Viking raids that characterize the age by focusing on the causes, effects, and motivations of the Viking ventures in Britain. The chapter begins by interlacing accounts of Viking raids in written texts with archaeological evidence of destroyed settlements and raided objects brought back to Scandinavia and deposited in treasure hoards in Britain. These more traditional lines of evidence are augmented with new scientific data from DNA and isotopic study of human bones. Anthropological models of group formation offer insights into how multi-regional Viking raiding parties came into existence. The act of going on a raid, combined with political acts of reciprocity and feasting, provided the crucible in which the raiding party became a unified group. Viking attacks evolved over time from seasonal raids to multi-seasonal expeditions and to campaigns and state-sponsored invasions. Viking strategies and goals shifted over time with fluctuations in the underlying push-and-pull factors that drove their expansion. As the influences of these forces altered, Scandinavian involvement in Britain became more peaceful and shifted to processes of acculturation and identity re-formation. Those new communities that were politically dominated by Scandinavians were creative in forming not just hybrid identities but new identities that were expressed in novel ways such as in monumental stone sculpture and coinage. In most of Britain, Scandinavians integrated into local Christian culture after periods of creative syncretization, while a near ubiquitous cultural assimilation to Scandinavian culture occurred in the northern Scottish Isles.
Lessons Learned and Remaining Questions
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel , Raghavan Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes major themes, lessons, and lingering questions from the data and evidence compiled in previous chapters. A key lesson is the need for better evidence, which will require investment in implementation and rigorous evaluation of promising but unproven interventions. Another lesson is the importance of balancing the need for standardized evidence with adapting interventions to local context and culture; a focus on core components versus adaptable features can help in this regard. Other themes and lessons relate to purveyor organizations, local champions and leadership, alignment of financial incentives, and incorporating new technologies. A recurrent, cross-cutting theme is the importance of addressing social inequities through investments in children’s mental health.
The fragile foundations of the African Mining Consensus
Authors: Radley Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The African Mining Consensus rests on fragile theoretical foundations. Together, the lines of critique developed in this book suggest that, while helping to drive high growth rates, foreign corporate-led mining industrialization in low-income African countries might be reproducing similar processes of peripheral polarization, marginalization, and exclusion to those identified by earlier structuralist and dependency thinkers. Moreover, the evidence presented indicates that the Consensus preference for foreign ownership accentuates the effects of the identified structural constraints, further eroding the space for any potentially transformative impact of mining-based development. This underscores the urgency of moving to domestic forms of mining ownership and management. This would enable an increased share of value retention within-country, including an increased share of value capture by domestic firms and capitalists, both critical elements for the advancement of national sovereign development projects in the African periphery.
Introduction
Authors: Heyndels Sybren , Bengtson Audun , Mesel Benjamin De 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter contains an introduction by the editors of the volume P.F. Strawson and His Philosophical Legacy. First, the chapter describes Strawson’s life and gives a summary of his most important works, ranging from his early ‘On Referring’ to his latest book Analysis and Metaphysics. Second, it gives an overview of the contributions that appear in P.F. Strawson and His Philosophical Legacy. Lastly, a bibliography of primary and secondary sources is given. The aim of the chapter is to introduce the reader to Strawson’s work and to facilitate the learning process of becoming acquainted with Strawson’s philosophical project in much more detail.
Meaning and Speech Acts
Authors: Rumfitt Ian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In ‘Meaning and Truth’, P.F. Strawson staged a ‘Homeric struggle’ between the theorists of communication-intention and the theorists of formal semantics over the question of what meaning consists in. This chapter draws on recent work on the speech act of telling in order to refute Strawson’s argument in favour of the first party. On Strawson’s analysis, a speaker S succeeds in telling an audience H that p only if H comes to believe that S believes that p; this chapter argues that belief in the speaker’s sincerity is not necessary for successful telling. It then criticizes John McDowell’s alternative account, whereby telling someone that p is a ‘cognitive stand-in’ for a direct confrontation with the state of affairs that p; this neglects the role believing the speaker plays in communication. We do better to follow the Peircean account recently developed by Richard Moran: to tell H something is to offer H one’s guarantee of the truth of what one says. Since truth-conditions now emerge as intrinsic to acts of telling, and since Strawson’s theorists of formal semantics assign truth-conditions to declarative sentences, what they provide is central to an account of telling. However, the notion of truth-conditions thereby vindicated differs from some popular conceptions of them, notably that of Donald Davidson. The chapter concludes with some initial remarks about the shape of a semantic theory cast on Strawsonian lines.
To Reply, or Not to Reply, That Is the Question
Authors: D’Oro Giuseppina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How should one respond to scepticism? Should one seek to refute it? Or should scepticism be ignored? This chapter explores four responses to scepticism: that of ambitious, truth-directed transcendental arguments; that of modest transcendental arguments; that of the naturalist; and that of the descriptive metaphysician. It argues that descriptive metaphysics occupies an intermediate logical space between truth-directed transcendental arguments aimed at refuting the sceptic and the quietist stance of the Humean naturalist who declines to take up the sceptical challenge, but that it occupies this intermediate logical space in a very distinctive way, one that differs from that in which this middle ground has recently been claimed by advocates of modest transcendental strategies. While descriptive metaphysics is not ontologically ambitious, it does not pursue a strategy of epistemic humility. It seeks to show, rather, that the sceptic is not a genuine partner in conversation.
Navigating ‘Freedom and Resentment’
Authors: Allais Lucy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes that part of the explanation for the divergent interpretations of ‘Freedom and Resentment’ is that a variety of seemingly very different readings are genuinely grounded in the text. In particular, it is argued that key notions in Strawson’s account can be understood in different ways, including: his appeal to ‘the facts as we know them’, his contrast between the ‘objective’ and ‘participant’ views, his notion of ‘quality of will’, and his claim that the responsibility practices revealed and expressed by our reactive responses are neither capable of nor in need of justification. The chapter argues that our initial interpretation of an idea leads us down a path which puts the next idea in a particular light, but where a different starting interpretation could have led to an alternative picture, equally coherent and compatible with the text. Finally, the chapter evaluates how Strawson’s argument is affected by the fact that he does not define determinism, saying that he does not know what the thesis of determinism is. It is argued that his argument is compatible with very different understandings of determinism, with implications for the nature of the resulting compatibilism.
Between Exemption and Excuse
Authors: McGeer Victoria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In ‘Freedom and Resentment’, P.F. Strawson famously marks a distinction between agents who are proper targets of our reactive attitudes and practices and those who are not. Agents in the first category are responsible, though sometimes excused, for their (putative) wrongdoings; agents in the second category are not responsible and thereby exempted from ordinary reactive attitudes and practices. Basic as this distinction is to Strawson’s general line on responsible agency, it is, as he acknowledges, a murky one. Not only is the division between responsible and non-responsible agents presumed to be fuzzy, Strawson further suggests that the appropriate treatment of agents in this shadowy zone is correspondingly complex. This chapter explores a distinctive line on the nature of responsible agency, as well as our reactive attitudes and practices that indicates how and why they may be appropriately directed to a range of agents typically relegated to the exempted side of this putative divide. While this may seem to run contrary to Strawson’s general approach to responsible agency, the chapter argues that it does not; in fact, it makes good sense of the suggestive and sketchy remarks he makes regarding how agents transit out of this ‘borderline penumbral area’ into full-blown responsible agency.
Classical and Quantum Parametric Phenomena
Authors: Eichler Alexander , Zilberberg Oded 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis book provides an overview of the phenomena arising when parametric pumping is applied to oscillators. These phenomena include parametric amplification, noise squeezing, spontaneous symmetry breaking, activated switching, cat states, and synthetic Ising spin lattices. To understand these effects, we introduce topics such as nonlinear and stochastic dynamics, coupled systems, and quantum mechanics. Throughout the book, we keep these introductions as succinct as possible and focus our attention on understanding parametric oscillators. As a result, we familiarize ourselves with many aspects of parametric systems and understand the common theoretical origin of nanomechanical sensors, optical amplifiers, and superconducting qubits. Parametric phenomena have enabled important scientific breakthroughs over the last decades and are still at the focus of intense research efforts. Our intention is to provide a resource for experimental and theoretical physicists entering the field or wishing to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying connections. As such, we combine formal and intuitive explanations, accompanied by exercises based on numerical python codes. This combination allows the reader to experience parametric phenomena from various directions and apply their understanding directly to their own research projects. For lecturers, the book supplies all the material necessary for an advanced class on the topic.