bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Evaluation of the Influence the Interleukin‐1 Genotype on Radiographic Bone Levels in Treated Periodontal Patients Over 10 Years
Authors: Cattabriga Marcello , Rotundo Roberto , Muzzi Leonardo , Nieri Michele , Verrocchi Guerina , Cairo Francesco , Prato Giovanpaolo Pini 
Published: February 2005

Background: A difference in genetic susceptibility to plaque accumulation has been advocated to explain different responses to periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of the interleukin‐1(IL‐1) polymorphism on the rate of bone and tooth loss in non‐smoking periodontally treated patients during maintenance.Methods: Sixty consecutive non‐smoking patients (mean age 46.8 ± 5.0) with moderate to severe periodontitis, treated and maintained for over 10 years were selected. At baseline (T0), radiographic evaluation (cementoenamel junction [CEJ]‐root apex, CEJ‐bottom of defect mesial and distal, CEJ‐bone crest mesial and distal, crown‐root ratio) was performed. All patients received scaling and root planing; 36 patients then underwent surgical therapy. Subsequently, all patients were enrolled in a periodontal maintenance program with recall visits every 3.4 ± 1.0 months for at least 10 years. At the latest recall visit (T2) the same radiographic measurements evaluated at baseline were taken and a DNA sample for IL‐1 genetic susceptibility testing was collected and sent for analysis.Results: Twenty‐three of the 60 patients (38.3%) were IL‐1 genotype positive. A total of 52 teeth (3.3%) out of 1,566 were lost due to periodontitis between T0 and T2; 28 of 957 (2.9%) in the IL‐1 genotype negative group and 24 of 609 (3.9%) in IL‐1 genotype positive group. The mean variation in bone defect level (ΔBD) averaged ‐0.04 mm in IL‐1 genotype negative patients and 0.01 mm in IL‐1 genotype positive patients. The mean variation in bone crest level (ΔBC) averaged ‐0.24 mm in IL‐1 genotype negative patients and ‐0.28 mm in IL‐1 genotype positive patients. However, a few patients showed significant differences in response to therapy based on initial bone levels and genotype. IL‐1 negative patients who showed minimal initial bone loss responded to the therapy better than the IL‐1 positive patients. IL‐1 positive patients with severe initial bone loss showed a better response to the therapy than IL‐1 negative patients.Conclusions: On average, there were no significant differences related to IL‐1 genotype in tooth loss after 10 years in a non‐smoking, well‐maintained periodontal population. On an individual patient basis, the IL‐1 genotype, in combination with the initial bone level, seems useful at the beginning of therapy for predicting bone level variation. J Periodontol 2001;72:767‐773.
The Dento‐Epithelial Junction: Cell Adhesion by Type I Hemidesmosomes in the Absence of a True Basal Lamina
Authors: Hormia Marketta , Owaribe Katsushi , Virtanen Ismo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The junctional epithelium (JE) is a unique structure that makes contact with both a non‐renewable hard tooth surface and with a basement membrane (BM) facing the connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, this attachment occurs through hemidesmosomes (HD) and a basal lamina‐like extracellular matrix which, on the tooth side, is termed the internal basal lamina. In this study we investigated the expression of basal cell markers in the tooth‐facing (TF) cells of JE.Methods: Samples of healthy marginal gingiva were removed by careful dissection. The expression of laminin‐5 was used to indicate TF cell preservation in double immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results: The results show that integrin α6β4 and laminin‐5 colocalize unequivocally in the TF cells. The results also show the specific expression of the basal cytokeratin 14 and the αv integrin subunit in the TF cells. All 3 major hemidesmosomal components BP180, BP230, and HD1 antigen are likewise present. On the other hand, type IV collagen, laminin‐1/10, type VII collagen, and the BM proteoglycan perlecan are all absent from the dento‐epithelial junction.Conclusions: The results indicate that the epithelium‐tooth interface is a unique structure wherein epithelial cells adhere by means of bona fide hemidesmosomes to an epithelium‐derived extracellular matrix lacking most of the common BM components. Moreover, TF cells differ from connective tissue facing (CTF) cells, not only by their cell surface molecules and their production of extracellular matrix, but also by their cytoskeletal architecture. J Periodontol 2001;72:788‐797.
Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) Gene Delivery for Application in Periodontal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Giannobile William V. , Lee Caroline S. , Tomala Matthew P. , Tejeda Kristina M. , Zhu Zhimin 
Published: February 2005

Background: A challenge in the reconstruction of periodontal structures is the targeted delivery of growth‐promoting molecules to the tooth root surface. Polypeptide growth factors such as platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulate both cementogenesis and osteogenesis. Recent advances in gene therapy offer the advantage of delivering recombinant proteins to tissues for extended periods of time in vivo.Methods: Recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding for the PDGF‐A gene were constructed to allow delivery of PDGF transgenes to cells. The recombinant adenoviruses were assembled using the viral backbone of Ad2/CMV/EGFP and replacing GFP (reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter [CMV] within adenovirus type 2) with the PDGF‐A gene. Root lining cells (cloned cementoblasts) were transduced with Ad2/PDGF‐A and evaluated for gene expression, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. PDGF‐inducible genes, c‐myc and osteopontin, were also evaluated following gene delivery of Ad2/PDGF‐A.Results: The results revealed high level transduction of cementoblasts by gene transfer for 7 days as evidenced by flow cytometry and Northern blotting. Cementoblast DNA synthesis and subsequent proliferation were stimulated by Ad2/PDGF‐A at levels equal to or greater than continuous rhPDGF‐AA application. Strong message for the PDGF‐A gene and protein as evidenced by Northern blotting and immunocytochemistry was noted. Furthermore, the potent induction of c‐myc and osteopontin mRNA was found after PDGF gene delivery to cementoblasts.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that gene delivery of platelet‐derived growth factor stimulates cementoblast activity that is sustained above that of rhPDGF‐AA application. The use of gene therapy as a mode of growth factor delivery offers a novel approach to periodontal tissue engineering. J Periodontol 2001;72:815‐823.
Surgical Crown Lengthening: A 12‐Month Clinical Wound Healing Study
Authors: Pontoriero Roberto , Carnevale Gianfranco 
Published: February 2005

Background: Surgical crown lengthening has been proposed as a means of facilitating restorative procedures and preventing periodontal injuries in teeth with structurally inadequate clinical crowns or exposing tooth structure in the presence of deep, subgingival pathologies which may hamper the access for proper restorative measures. The few clinical studies in the current literature on postsurgical soft tissue modifications after crown lengthening procedures report conflicting results. The present study was designed to assess the alterations of the marginal periodontal tissues as an immediate outcome of surgical crown lengthening and over a 12‐month healing period.Methods: The patient sample included 30 patients (84 teeth) who presented with various conditions hampering proper restorative measures in one or more teeth and, therefore, requiring surgical exposure of tooth substance. After initial supportive therapy, the patients were recalled for a baseline examination, and the following parameters were evaluated at interproximal and buccal/lingual sites of each experimental tooth: plaque index, gingival index, position of the gingival margin, probing depth, and attachment level. After baseline examination, the patients underwent apically positioned flap surgery with osseous and connective tissue attachment resection. During surgery, the amount of resection and the achieved lengthening of the clinical crown were evaluated. The patients were enrolled in a maintenance program including professional tooth cleaning every 2 to 4 weeks. The patients were reexamined 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: 1) Immediately after surgery, a significantly (P <0.001) increased clinical crown length of 3.7 ± 0.8 mm (mean) at interproximal and 4.1 ± 0.9 mm (mean) at buccal/lingual sites was achieved; 2) healing resulted in a statistically significant coronal displacement of the gingival margin of 3.2 ± 0.8 mm at interproximal (P <0.001) and 2.9 ± 0.6 mm at buccal/lingual (P <0.002) sites; and 3) as a consequence of this postsurgical soft tissue regrowth, the amount of the available tooth structure immediately after surgery decreased to 0.5 ± 0.6 mm at interproximal sites (P <0.0015) and to 1.2 ± 0.7 mm at buccal/lingual sites (P <0.001) at the 12‐month examination.Conclusions: The results of the present clinical investigation demonstrated that during a 1‐year period of healing following surgical crown lengthening, the marginal periodontal tissue showed a tendency to grow in a coronal direction from the level defined at surgery. This pattern of coronal displacement of the gingival margin was more pronounced (P <0.001) in patients with “thick” tissue biotype and also appeared to be influenced by individual variations in the healing response (P <0.001) not related to age or gender. J Periodontol 2001;72:841‐848.
Clinical Evaluation of 3 Techniques to Augment Keratinized Tissue Without Root Coverage
Authors: Harris Randall J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The importance of keratinized tissue is a controversial subject. However, in some situations most clinicians would agree that surgical procedures to increase the amount of keratinized tissue without root coverage are indicated. In this study, 3 surgical procedures were compared in their ability to increase the width of keratinized tissue. They are: the epithelized autogenous masticatory mucosa graft (free gingival graft), autogenous predominately connective tissue graft (connective tissue graft), and acellular dermal matrix.Methods: Forty‐five patients referred for treatment of areas with inadequate keratinized tissue were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups of 15 each. Each group was treated with 1 of the 3 surgical procedures to increase the width of keratinized tissue. The width of keratinized tissue pre‐ and postsurgery was evaluated.Results: All 3 groups started with a similar width of keratinized tissue. All of the surgical procedures resulted in a statistically significant increase in the width of keratinized tissue: free gingival graft, 4.1 mm; connective tissue graft, 3.6 mm; and acellular dermal matrix, 4.1 mm.Conclusion: A statistically significant increase in the amount of keratinized tissue was obtained with all 3 surgical procedures evaluated. J Periodontol 2001;72:932‐938.
Excision and Repair of the Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Walters John D. , Will Joseph K. , Hatfield Russell D. , Cacchillo David A. , Raabe Donald A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), one of the most common gingival lesions, has a recurrence rate of nearly 20%. To minimize the reappearance of this lesion, it must be completely excised. In the maxillary anterior region, total excision of a POF can result in an unsightly gingival defect.Methods: Three cases are presented in which a POF was excised from the gingiva facial to a maxillary central incisor. One of these lesions had previously undergone 2 cycles of conservative excision and recurrence. In all cases, the lesions were excised down to bone. Each of the resulting gingival defects was repaired by a distinct plastic surgery procedure, including a laterally positioned flap, a subepithelial connective tissue graft, and a coronally positioned flap.Results: The defects resulting from the biopsies were satisfactorily repaired. The patients were followed over postsurgical intervals of 10 to 30 months. None of the lesions recurred.Conclusions: It is customary to manage POF by aggressive excisional biopsy. Several different surgical approaches may potentially be used to repair the resultant gingival defect and minimize patient esthetic concerns. J Periodontol 2001;72:939‐944.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Guided Tissue Regeneration‐Associated Human Periodontal Cells
Authors: Kuru L. , Parkar M.H. , Griffiths G.S. , Olsen I. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barrier membranes have been widely used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) of the human periodontal ligament (PL). However, the precise cellular and molecular events involved in the re‐growth of the new tissue are still unclear.Methods: Retrieved membranes and the newly‐regenerated soft tissue (RT) underlying the membranes were used to examine the cells associated with GTR compared with normal human PL and gingival cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used, for the first time, to analyze the spindle‐shaped fibroblast‐like cells which were adherent to these membranes and the cells which grew out of the RT.Results: The results showed that the membrane‐associated (M) cells had the lowest rate of proliferation and appeared to be larger and more granular than the other types of cell. Moreover, both the M‐ and RT‐derived cells were found to express higher levels of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen type I, fibronectin, tenascin, and decorin. In addition, evidence based on FCM profiles identified distinct sub‐populations of GTR cells in which fibronectin expression was markedly up‐regulated compared with normal PL cells and which also differed in size and granularity.Conclusions: The results of this study show that cells associated with GTR barrier membranes and with the underlying tissue appear to have distinct phenotypic and functional activities consistent with the production of new periodontal connective tissue and periodontal regeneration. J Periodontol 2001;72:1016‐1024.
Levels of Leukotriene B4 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Gingival Tissue in Specific Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Emingil Gülnur , Çinarcik Serhat , Baylas Haluk , Çoker Işil , Hüseyinov Afig 
Published: February 2005

Background: Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a product of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, exhibits numerous activities that can account for most of the features of host responses seen in periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of LTB4 in the pathogenesis of specific periodontal diseases.Methods: LTB4 levels were investigated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissue (GT) samples of 10 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 12 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 6 patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), 6 patients with gingivitis (G), and 6 periodontally healthy subjects (H). Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, gingival index, papillary bleeding index, and plaque index. LTB4 was extracted from the samples by solid‐phase method using C18 cartridge and was purified by high performance liquid chromatographic method and then analyzed by radioimmunoassay.Results: All patient groups had significantly higher levels of GCF and GT LTB4 compared to the control group (P <0.005). The CP patients had the highest LTB4 levels compared to those in other patient groups (P <0.005). GAgP, LAgP, and G groups had similar amounts of GCF and GT LTB4 (P >0.005). When the data were expressed as concentration, the CP group was found to have higher concentration of LTB4, compared to that of control group (P <0.005). GAgP, LAgP, and G groups had similar LTB4 concentration compared to that of control group (P >0.005). No significant difference was found between GAgP, LAgP, and G groups (P >0.005). The CP group had higher LTB4 concentration compared to both GAgP and LAgP groups (P <0.005). Although the CP group had a higher GCF LTB4 concentration compared to G group, this difference did not reach significance (P >0.005). No significant correlation was found between GCF and GT LTB4 levels and clinical parameters.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that LTB4 is likely to be an important mediator in regulating inflammatory responses in the human periodontal tissues. This lipid mediator may play an important role in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2001;72:1025‐1031.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Neutrophils From Patients With Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Shibata Kazuyuki , Warbington Martha L. , Gordon Barbara J. , Kurihara Hidemi , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) is associated with neutrophil dysfunction including defective chemotaxis and reduced calcium influx factor activity. Nitric oxide (NO) and its enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), have been suggested to be involved in chemotaxis. Some reports, however, were unable to detect either NO or NOS in human neutrophils. In this study, we focused on NOS activity in LAgP neutrophils and examined the involvement of NOS in chemotaxis of normal neutrophils and NOS activity in neutrophils from normal subjects and patients with LAgP.Methods: Neutrophils from 10 normal subjects and 10 LAgP patients were isolated from peripheral venous blood. Membrane associated‐NOS (MA‐NOS) and soluble NOS (S‐NOS) were extracted from cells with or without FMLP stimulation. NOS activity was measured using the radiolabeled L‐arginine to L‐citrulline conversion assay.Results: Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), an inhibitor of NOS, significantly inhibited FMLP‐induced chemotaxis (P <0.01) and dibutyryl cGMP, an activator of cGMP‐dependent protein kinase, significantly attenuated the inhibition by LNAME (P <0.01). Unstimulated and FMLP‐stimulated MA‐NOS activity in LAgP neutrophils was statistically significantly higher than that in normal neutrophils (P <0.05). S‐NOS activity in LAgP neutrophils was higher than that in normal neutrophils.Conclusions: This study suggests that NOS is present in human neutrophils and may be involved in FMLP‐induced chemotaxis in normal neutrophils. NOS activity is increased in LAgP and is negatively correlated to chemotaxis response. J Periodontol 2001;72:1052‐1058.
The Osteoinductive Potential of Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft in Human Non‐Orthotopic Sites: A Pilot Study
Authors: Paul Brian F. , Horning Gregory M. , Hellstein John W. , Schafer Duane R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in periodontal therapy is widely accepted. In addition to histologic studies demonstrating its role in regenerating the attachment apparatus, its recognized ability to exhibit osteoinduction in small laboratory mammals has prompted many clinicians to regard it as osteoinductive when utilized in periodontal therapy. Despite such a theoretical deduction, evaluating and establishing the osteoinductive potential of DFDBA in humans has been problematic. The purpose of this study was to investigate, through the use of a novel implantation/recovery model, the potential of DFDBA to induce new bone formation at sites not normally considered capable of de novo osteogenic activity.Methods: Seven patients scheduled to undergo periodontal therapy utilizing non‐absorbable membranes agreed to have sterile polypropylene mesh capsules placed adjacent to the primary surgical site for the purpose of this investigation. One capsule was left empty while the second capsule contained DFDBA. At the appropriate time interval for removal of the therapeutic membrane, the capsules were removed and submitted for histologic analysis. Five of the subjects had procedures directed at regenerating bone within molar furcations (guided tissue regeneration) and had the membranes and associated capsules removed between 6 and 8 weeks. The 2 remaining patients had procedures directed toward ridge augmentation (guided bone regeneration) and had the membranes removed either at 8 or 9 months, respectively. In addition, one of the 2 long‐term membrane patients had liberal cortical penetration performed directly beneath the implanted capsule.Results: Histologic analysis of all recovered capsules by 2 independent oral and maxillofacial pathologists could not confirm the presence of either osteoblastic or osteoclastic activity associated with the DFDBA particles, although the 2 longer‐term specimens clearly exhibited trace amounts of vital bone non‐contiguous with the implanted material.Conclusions: The results of this pilot study do not support the osteoinductive potential of DFDBA when utilized in quantities normally associated with periodontal bone grafting, although they do support the use of this implantation/recovery model to study other preparations and mechanisms of bone formation. J Periodontol 2001;72:1064‐1068.
Treatment of Gingival Overgrowth Induced by Manidipine Administration. A Case Report
Authors: Ikawa Kyoko , Ikawa Motohide , Shimauchi Hidetoshi , Iwakura Masaki , Sakamoto Seizaburo 
Published: February 2005

Background: It is well known that severe gingival overgrowth (GO) is induced in patients taking certain calcium channel blockers (CCB) for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and other diseases. No case has been reported to date of severe GO induced by manidipine hydrochloride (manidipine), a second generation CCB. This case report describes severe GO induced by manidipine in a female patient (43 years old) with hypertension and Sjögren syndrome (SS). The patient was administered manidipine and carteolol hydrochloride (carteolol) as antihypertensive drugs, together with bromhexine hydrochloride for the treatment of SS.Methods: At the initial periodontal examination, probing depth (PD, average 4.83 mm), plaque control record (PCR, 84.3%), bleeding on probing (BOP, 100%), and gingival overgrowth index (GOI, 2.42) were assessed. The patient received periodontal treatment without cessation or replacement of the causative drug. Initial treatment included oral hygiene and scaling and root planing (SRP) under local anesthesia. As corrective therapy, remaining pockets were surgically removed and fixed bridges placed to establish proper occlusion.Results: Obvious reductions in PCR (10.0%), PD (1.93 mm), GOI (0.02), and BOP (4.7%), together with a disappearance of GO, were obtained. Salivary secretion was increased after the periodontal and prosthetic treatments. Histological features were similar to those of nifedipine‐induced GO.Conclusions: This case indicated that manidipine may act as a potent inducer of severe GO, and that conventional periodontal treatments without a major change of the causative drugs can yield satisfactory clinical responses. J Periodontol 2002;73:115‐122.