bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hamstring Strength and Tendon Regrowth after Harvesting for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tadokoro Kou , Matsui Nobuzo , Yagi Masayoshi , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro , Yoshiya Shinichi 
Published: August 2004

Background It is generally thought that tissue regeneration and good functional recovery can be expected after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the hamstring tendons. However, persistent strength deficit in deep knee flexion has also been reported. Hypothesis Morphologic regeneration of the harvested hamstring tendon is not necessarily associated with its functional recovery. Study Design Retrospective follow-up study. Method Twenty-eight patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring graft were evaluated after a minimum period of 2 years. Status of tendon regrowth was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. To specifically analyze the functional deficit after graft harvest, the isometric hamstring strength was examined in a sitting position at 90° of flexion and a prone position at 90° and 110° of flexion. Then, the strength data were correlated with the extent of tendon regeneration. Results In 22 of the 28 patients, a regrowth of the semitendinosus tendon was found, whereas regeneration of the gracilis tendon was observed in 13 patients. In the evaluation of hamstring strength, the isometric peak torque was reduced to 86.2%, 54.6%, and 49.1%, respectively, in the aforementioned 3 postures as compared with the contralateral side. Conclusions Significant functional deficit of hamstring strength remains regardless of morphologic regeneration.
Isokinetic Evaluation of Internal/External Tibial Rotation Strength after the Use of Hamstring Tendons for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Armour Tanya , Forwell Lorie , Litchfield Robert , Kirkley Alexandra , Amendola Ned , Fowler Peter J. 
Published: August 2004

Background Evaluation of the knee after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the use of the semitendinosus and gracilis (hamstring) autografts has primarily focused on flexion and extension strength. The semitendinosus and gracilis muscles contribute to internal tibial rotation, and it has been suggested that harvest of these tendons for the purpose of an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction contributes to internal tibial rotation weakness. Hypothesis Internal tibial rotation strength may be affected by the semitendinosus and gracilis harvest after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Prospective evaluation of internal and external tibial rotation strength. Methods Inclusion criteria for subjects (N = 30): unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at least 2 years previously, a stable anterior cruciate ligament (<5-mm side-to-side difference) at time of testing confirmed by surgeon and KT-1000 arthrometer, no history of knee problems after initial knee reconstruction, a normal contralateral knee, and the ability to comply with the testing protocol. In an attempt to minimize unwanted subtalar joint motion, subjects were immobilized using an ankle brace and tested at angular velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s at a knee flexion angle of 90°. Results The mean peak torque measurements for internal rotation strength of the operative limb (60°/s, 17.4 ± 4.5 ft-lb; 120°/s, 13.9 ± 3.3 ft-lb; 180°/s, 11.6 ± 3.0 ft-lb) were statistically different compared to the nonoperated limb (60°/s, 20.5 ± 4.7 ft-lb; 120°/s, 15.9 ± 3.8 ft-lb; 180°/s, 13.4 ± 3.8 ft-lb) at 60°/s (P = .012), 120°/s (P = .036), and 180°/s (P = .045). The nonoperative limb demonstrated greater strength at all speeds. The mean torque measurements for external rotation were statistically similar when compared to the nonoperated limb at all angular velocities. Conclusions We have shown through our study that patients who undergo surgical intervention to repair a torn anterior cruciate ligament with the use of autogenous hamstring tendons demonstrate with weaker internal tibial rotation postoperatively at 2 years when compared to the contralateral limb.
Quantitative Assessment of Glenohumeral Translation in Baseball Players
Authors: Sethi Paul Michael , Tibone James E. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: August 2004

Background Objective data quantifying differences in glenohumeral range of motion in baseball pitchers versus position players are established. There is limited information objectively comparing glenohumeral laxity in this same population. Hypothesis Baseball pitchers have greater difference in side-to-side anteroposterior translation of their throwing shoulders compared with position players. Study Design Prospective cross-sectional study. Methods Cutaneous electromagnetic sensors quantified anteroposterior shoulder translation of college and professional baseball players. Range of motion was measured. Results Nineteen position players and 37 pitchers were studied. Pitchers had a significant increase in external rotation of the dominant arm as compared with the nondominant arm (P = .02); the difference was not significant in position players (P = .34). The mean range of motion for pitchers’ dominant arm was 110° external rotation to 68° internal rotation, and it was 100° external rotation to 85° internal rotation for position players (P = .278). The mean anteroposterior translation in pitchers’ dominant arm was 33.30 mm and 29.84 mm in the nondominant side (P = .0001). This difference was not present in position players (P = .88). One of 19 position players had a side-to-side shoulder translation difference greater than 3 mm, compared with 22 of 37 pitchers (P = .0001). Conclusions Pitchers have a greater amount of glenohumeral translation in the dominant arm. This difference is not seen in position players. These differences make the side-to-side comparison less useful in pitchers and should be considered when making therapeutic decisions.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein–7 (Osteogenic Protein–1) Promotes Tendon Graft Integration in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Sheep
Authors: Mihelic Radovan , Pecina Marko , Jelic Mislav , Zoricic Sanja , Kusec Vesna , Simic Petra , Bobinac Dragica , Lah Boris , Legovic Dalen , Vukicevic Slobodan 
Published: August 2004

Background Bone morphogenetic proteins induce new bone both in patients with bone defects and at extraskeletal sites in animals. After anterior cruciate ligament rupture, tendon graft fixation into a bone tunnel is a widely used method for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis Bone morphogenetic protein–7 applied to the bone-tendon interface enables better integration of a free tendon graft into the surrounding bone. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The anterior cruciate ligament was reconstructed using a free tendon graft in the right rear knees of 30 one-year-old male sheep. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–7 (25 μg) was applied randomly to the bone-tendon interface in 15 animals, and a vehicle was applied in 15 control animals. At 3 weeks, 10 animals from each group were sacrificed, and the remaining sheep were sacrificed at 6 weeks after surgery. Subsequently, histologic analysis and mechanical testing were performed. In another group of 20 sheep, the same procedure was used and mechanical testing was performed after 3 weeks. Results More new bone was formed at the bone-tendon interface in the knees treated with bone morphogenetic protein–7 as compared histologically with similar areas in control animals, creating areas of dense trabecular network with significantly greater invasion of the tendon fibrous tissue into the bone marrow space. Mechanical testing showed greater strain resistance to force (368 N) in the knees treated with bone morphogenetic protein–7 than in control specimens (214 N). There was no difference between mechanical testing of samples from 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. Conclusion Bone morphogenetic protein–7 promotes complete tendon graft integration into the newly formed surrounding trabecular bone in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Clinical Relevance Bone morphogenetic protein–7 in tendon graft integration might be successfully used in reconstructive surgery of ligaments.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Assessment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Arthrography, and Intra-Articular Injection in Hip Arthroscopy Patients
Authors: Byrd J. W. Thomas , Jones Kay S. 
Published: August 2004

Background Hip arthroscopy has defined elusive causes of hip pain. Hypothesis/Purpose It is postulated that the reliability of various investigative methods is inconsistent. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these methods. Study Design Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Methods Five parameters were assessed in 40 patients: clinical assessment, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium arthrography, intra-articular bupivacaine injection, and arthroscopy. Using arthroscopy as the definitive diagnosis, the other parameters were evaluated for reliability. Results Hip abnormality was clinically suspected in all cases with 98% accuracy (1 false positive). However, the nature of the abnormality was identified in only 13 cases with 92% accuracy. Magnetic resonance imaging variously demonstrated direct or indirect evidence of abnormality but overall demonstrated a 42% false-negative and a 10% false-positive interpretation. Magnetic resonance arthrography demonstrated an 8% false-negative and 20% false-positive interpretation. Response to the intra-articular injection of anesthetic was 90% accurate (3 false-negative and 1 false-positive responses) for detecting the presence of intra-articular abnormality. Conclusions In this series, clinical assessment accurately determined the existence of intra-articular abnormality but was poor at defining its nature. Magnetic resonance arthrography was much more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging at detecting various lesions but had twice as many false-positive interpretations. Response to an intra-articular injection of anesthetic was a 90% reliable indicator of intra-articular abnormality.
Incidence and Location of bone Bruises after Acute Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Mair Scott D. , Schlegel Theodore F. , Gill Thomas J. , Hawkins Richard J. , Steadman J. Richard 
Published: August 2004

Background In patients suffering from an anterior cruciate ligament injury, the incidence and location of bone bruises are well documented. This study reports data regarding bone bruises after acute posterior cruciate ligament injury. Hypothesis Bone bruises associated with posterior cruciate ligament injury are common, and their location differs from those seen with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients were identified as having a grade II or III posterior cruciate ligament tear, with an intact anterior cruciate ligament, in which a magnetic resonance imaging scan had been obtained within 20 days of injury. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed to document bone bruises, associated medial or lateral ligamentous injury, and meniscal and chondral abnormalities. Results Of the 35 patients, 29 (83%) had a bone bruise in at least one location. Bone bruises were found throughout the joint, more widely dispersed than is commonly seen with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Also, 29 patients had magnetic resonance imaging findings of associated ligamentous injury. Lateral bone bruises were associated with medial collateral ligament injury, whereas medial bone bruises correlated with posterolateral injury. Conclusions The incidence of bone bruises associated with posterior cruciate ligament injury is similar to that seen with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Their location is more widely dispersed. The location of a bone bruise should lead to careful magnetic resonance imaging inspection and physical examination for ligamentous injury to the opposite side of the joint. Truly isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries are rare, as most occur with osseous and some degree of associated ligamentous injury.
Distinctive gene expression profiles of CD34 cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by specific chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Chen Guibin , Zeng Weihua , Miyazato Akira , Billings Eric , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Kajigaya Sachiko , Sloand Elaine M. , Young Neal S. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Aneuploidy, especially monosomy 7 and trisomy 8, is a frequent cytogenetic abnormality in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Patients with monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 have distinctly different clinical courses, responses to therapy, and survival probabilities. To determine disease-specific molecular characteristics, we analyzed the gene expression pattern in purified CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from MDS patients with monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 using Affymetrix GeneChips. Two methods were employed: standard hybridization and a small-sample RNA amplification protocol for the limited amounts of RNA available from individual cases; results were comparable between these 2 techniques. Microarray data were confirmed by gene amplification and flow cytometry using individual patient samples. Genes related to hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and blood cell function were dysregulated in CD34 cells of both monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 MDS. In trisomy 8, up-regulated genes were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory responses, and down-regulated genes have been implicated in apoptosis inhibition. CD34 cells in monosomy 7 showed up-regulation of genes inducing leukemia transformation and tumorigenesis and apoptosis and down-regulation of genes controlling cell growth and differentiation. These results imply distinct molecular mechanisms for monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 MDS and implicate specific pathogenic pathways.
Tests for finding complex patterns of differential expression in cancers: towards individualized medicine
Authors: Lyons-Weiler James , Patel Satish , Becich Michael J , Godfrey Tony E 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Background
Microarray studies in cancer compare expression levels between two or more sample groups on thousands of genes. Data analysis follows a population-level approach (e.g., comparison of sample means) to identify differentially expressed genes. This leads to the discovery of 'population-level' markers, i.e., genes with the expression patterns A > B and B > A. We introduce the PPST test that identifies genes where a significantly large subset of cases exhibit expression values beyond upper and lower thresholds observed in the control samples.

Results
Interestingly, the test identifies A > B and B < A pattern genes that are missed by population-level approaches, such as the t-test, and many genes that exhibit both significant overexpression and significant underexpression in statistically significantly large subsets of cancer patients (ABA pattern genes). These patterns tend to show distributions that are unique to individual genes, and are aptly visualized in a 'gene expression pattern grid'. The low degree of among-gene correlations in these genes suggests unique underlying genomic pathologies and high degree of unique tumor-specific differential expression. We compare the PPST and the ABA test to the parametric and non-parametric t-test by analyzing two independently published data sets from studies of progression in astrocytoma.

Conclusions
The PPST test resulted findings similar to the nonparametric t-test with higher self-consistency. These tests and the gene expression pattern grid may be useful for the identification of therapeutic targets and diagnostic or prognostic markers that are present only in subsets of cancer patients, and provide a more complete portrait of differential expression in cancer.
Scavenger properties of cultivated pig liver endothelial cells
Authors: Elvevold Kjetil H , Nedredal Geir I , Revhaug Arthur , Smedsrød Bård 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Background
The liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and Kupffer cells constitute the most powerful scavenger system in the body. Various waste macromolecules, continuously released from tissues in large quantities as a consequence of normal catabolic processes are cleared by the LSEC. In spite of the fact that pig livers are used in a wide range of experimental settings, the scavenger properties of pig LSEC has not been investigated until now. Therefore, we studied the endocytosis and intracellular transport of ligands for the five categories of endocytic receptors in LSEC.

Results
Endocytosis of five 125I-labelled molecules: collagen α-chains, FITC-biotin-hyaluronan, mannan, formaldehyde-treated serum albumin (FSA), and aggregated gamma globulin (AGG) was substantial in cultured LSEC. The endocytosis was mediated via the collagen-, hyaluronan-, mannose-, scavenger-, or IgG Fc-receptors, respectively, as judged by the ability of unlabelled ligands to compete with labelled ligands for uptake. Intracellular transport was studied employing a morphological pulse-chase technique. Ninety minutes following administration of red TRITC-FSA via the jugular vein of pigs to tag LSEC lysosomes, cultures of the cells were established, and pulsed with green FITC-labelled collagen, -mannan, and -FSA. By 10 min, the FITC-ligands was located in small vesicles scattered throughout the cytoplasm, with no co-localization with the red lysosomes. By 2 h, the FITC-ligands co-localized with red lysosomes. When LSEC were pulsed with FITC-AGG and TRITC-FSA together, co-localization of the two ligands was observed following a 10 min chase. By 2 h, only partial co-localization was observed; TRITC-FSA was transported to lysosomes, whereas FITC-AGG only slowly left the endosomes. Enzyme assays showed that LSEC and Kupffer cells contained equal specific activities of hexosaminidase, aryl sulphates, acid phosphatase and acid lipase, whereas the specific activities of α-mannosidase, and glucuronidase were higher in LSEC. All enzymes measured showed considerably higher specific activities in LSEC compared to parenchymal cells.

Conclusion
Pig LSEC express the five following categories of high capacity endocytic receptors: scavenger-, mannose-, hyaluronan-, collagen-, and IgG Fc-receptors. In the liver, soluble ligands for these five receptors are endocytosed exclusively by LSEC. Furthermore, LSEC contains high specific activity of lysosomal enzymes needed for degradation of endocytosed material. Our observations suggest that pig LSEC have the same clearance activity as earlier described in rat LSEC.
Tissue Doppler echocardiography – A case of right tool, wrong use
Authors: Thomas George 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Background
The developments in echocardiography or ultrasound cardiography (UCG) have improved our clinical capabilities. However, advanced hardware and software capabilities have resulted in UCG facilities of dubious clinical benefits. Is tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) is one such example?

Presentation of the hypothesis
TDE has been touted as advancement in the field of echocardiography. The striking play of colors, impressive waveforms and the seemingly accurate velocity values could be deceptive. TDE is a clear case of inappropriate use of technology.

Testing the hypothesis
To understand this, a comparison between flow Doppler and tissue Doppler is made. To make clinically meaningful velocity measurements with Doppler, we need prior knowledge of the line of motion. This is possible in blood flow but impossible in the complex myocardial motion. The qualitative comparison makes it evident that Doppler is best suited for flow studies.

Implications of the hypothesis
As of now TDE is going backwards using an indirect method when direct methods are better. The work on TDE at present is only debatable 'research and publication' material and do not translate into tangible clinical benefits. There are several advances like curved M-mode, strain rate imaging and tissue tracking in TDE. However these have been disappointing. This is due to the basic flaw in the application of the principles of Doppler. Doppler is best suited for flow studies and applying it to tissue motion is illogical. All data obtained by TDE is scientifically incorrect. This makes all the published papers on the subject flawed. Making diagnostic decisions based on this faulty application of technology would be unacceptable to the scientific cardiologist.
An open-label safety and drug interaction study of natalizumab (Antegren™) in combination with interferon-beta (Avonex®) in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vollmer T L , Phillips J T , Goodman A D , Agius M A , Libonati M A , Giacchino J L , Grundy J S 
Published: August 2004

In this open-label drug-interaction trial, we studied 38 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) who received 3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg of natalizumab as a single intravenous (IV) infusion during stable treatment with intramuscular (IM) interferon beta-1a 30 mg (IFNβ-1a; Avonex®). To assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction of natalizumab and IFNβ-1a, serum concentration-time data for both agents were collected and analysed. Biologic response markers of IFNβ-1a activity, b2-microglobulin and neopterin, were also assessed to determine effects of natalizumab on IFNβ-1a pharmacodynamics (PD). Further, safety and immunogenicity were evaluated. The combination of drug therapies was well tolerated. Although natalizumab serum concentrations (and corresponding PK exposure measures) appeared to be somewhat elevated in the presence of IFNβ-1a, when compared to the same dose (6.0 mg/kg) administered alone in a concurrent comparator study, the differences were generally small and unlikely to be clinically relevant. In general, natalizumab had no apparent clinically relevant effects on the PK or PD properties of IFNβ-1a. The presence of antibodies to IFNβ-1a and natalizumab was relatively low. Overall, the study provided safety, immunogenicity, PK and PD data to support a combination strategy for the use of natalizumab and IFNβ-1a in the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. A large clinical study is currently in progress to evaluate the efficacy and long-term safety of this combination drug therapy.