bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spongiform encephalopathy mimicking corticobasal degeneration
Authors: Anschel David J. , Simon David K. , Llinas Rafael , Joseph Jeffrey T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe presentation of subacute spongiform encephalopathies (SSE) is varied. The following case of SSE presented clinically similar to corticobasal degeneration. The SSE diagnosis was suspected because of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and confirmed pathologically. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Presynaptic parkinsonism in multiple system atrophy mimicking Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathological case study
Authors: Berciano José , Valldeoriola Francesc , Ferrer Isidre , Rumià Jordi , Pascual Julio , Marín Concepción , Rey María J. , Tolosa Eduardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe the clinicopathological findings in a patient aged 63 years at death who, at age 55 years, developed levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism with no atypical features. A diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) was made. During the clinical course, fluctuations and dyskinesias appeared. Eight years after onset, he was successfully treated with subthalamic nucleus stimulation but died 3 weeks postoperatively from pulmonary embolus. Brain autopsy showed marked neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, and, to a much lesser extent, in the basis pontis, inferior olivary nuclei, and cerebellar cortex. Striatum was normal. There were numerous oligodendroglial and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and neuropil threads, the highest density being localized in the pons and cerebellar white matter. No Lewy bodies were observed. We conclude that nigral, presynaptic parkinsonism may occur in multiple system atrophy, which even in the long run can be indistinguishable from PD. Putaminal preservation accounts for good response to both levodopa therapy and subthalamic nucleus stimulation. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Tardive tremor due to metoclopramide
Authors: Tarsy Daniel , Indorf Gerald 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTardive tremor is a very uncommon neuroleptic‐induced tardive syndrome which was initially described in five patients by Stacy and Jankovic (Stacy and Jankovic, Mov Disord 1992;7:53–57). Since then, there have been only three additional case reports attesting to the apparent rarity of this condition, although it is unknown whether other unreported cases have been observed. We describe a patient with persistent tardive tremor that was associated with tardive dyskinesia, who closely resembles previously reported cases. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Repetitive magnetic stimulation of cortical motor areas in Parkinson's disease: Implications for the pathophysiology of cortical function
Authors: Gilio F. , Currà A. , Inghilleri M. , Lorenzano C. , Manfredi M. , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the neurophysiological and clinical effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered to the cortical motor areas in healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. rTMS was delivered with a high speed magnetic stimulator (Cadwell, Kennewick, WA) through a figure‐eight coil centred on the primary motor area at a stimulus intensity of 120% motor threshold. Trains of 10 stimuli were delivered at frequencies of 5 Hz while subjects were at rest and during a voluntary contraction of the contralateral first dorsal interosseous muscle. In normal subjects at rest, the muscle evoked responses (MEPs) to each stimulus in a train of magnetic stimuli progressively increased in size during the train. rTMS left the MEPs unchanged in patients off therapy and had a small facilitatory effect in those on therapy. In normal subjects and patients, 5‐Hz rTMS trains delivered during a voluntary contraction of the target muscle left the MEP unchanged in size. MEPs were followed by a silent period that increased in duration during the course of the train. The silent period duration increased to a similar extent in patients and controls. The reduced rTMS‐induced facilitation of MEPs in patients with Parkinson's disease reflects a decreased facilitation of the excitatory cells in the cortical motor areas. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Improved renal transplantation in the rat with a nonsplinted ureteroureterostomy
Authors: Gu Yan Li , Dahmen Uta , Dirsch Olaf , Broelsch Christoph Erich 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOrthotopic renal transplantation in the rat is a widely used model in immunology and transplantation‐related research. Although numerous modifications of the surgical technique of ureteric reconstruction were evaluated, ureter complications following this reconstruction still occurred frequently. Instead of dividing the ureter in the middle between kidney and bladder (method 1), the anastomosis was performed close to the renal pelvis after cutting the ureter obliquely (method 2), which enlarged the diameter of the ureteral anastomosis 2‐fold. The incidence of stenosis of ureteric anastomosis was 12.5% (3/24) using method 1, whereas this complication was avoided completely (0/45) using method 2. Furthermore, the risk of injury to the ureter was reduced, as isolation of the ureter was limited. These modifications improved the last delicate step in the procedure of rat kidney transplantation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:204–210 2002
Application of multiwavelet to the edge element method
Authors: Pan George W. , Wang Ke , Gilbert Barry K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new approach of using multiwavelets in the edge element method for electromagnetic‐wave problems is presented. In this approach, the multiscalets are employed as the basis functions. Because of the smoothness, completeness, compact support, and interpolation property of the multiscalets in terms of the basis function and its derivatives, fast convergence in approximating a function is achieved. The new basis functions are ∈ C1; that is, the first derivatives of the bases are continuous on the connecting nodes. Thus the divergence‐free condition is satisfied at the end points. The multiscalets, along with their derivatives, are orthonormal in the discrete sampling nodes. Therefore no coupled system of equations in terms of the function and its derivative is involved, resulting in a simple and efficient algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate high efficiency and accuracy of the new method. For a partially loaded waveguide problem, a factor of 16 in memory reduction and 435 in CPU speedup over the linear edge element method has been achieved. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 96–100, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10384
Broadband semiloop antenna
Authors: Li R. L. , Fusco V. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn unbalanced loop antenna of simple construction is proposed for broadband linearly polarized applications. By introducing a gap in a half loop mounted vertically over a ground plane, the bandwidth of the antenna can be substantially increased relative to its classical balanced version. The antenna presented here has a bandwidth of 30% for a maximum −10‐dB return loss, and is fed directly from a coaxial cable without the need for a balun. Numerical and experimental results show that the antenna can cover the entire PCN, UMTS, and IMT2000 frequency allocations and also offer the prospect for reduced SAR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 233–234, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10425
Polarimetric measurements of PMD and differential group delay ripple in chirped fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Linares L. C. B. , Dal Forno A. O. , von der Weid J. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA polarimetric method was used to measure the differential group delay and ripple of chirped Bragg gratings. The results were compared to the phase‐shift technique and it was verified that the polarimetric method does not suffer the resolution limitations inherent to the modulation phase shift method. The birefringence of the fiber on which the grating was written is the responsible for the measured PMD, indicating that the birefringence induced by writing process is negligible. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 270–273, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10435
Water quality studies of combined optical, thermal infrared, and microwave remote sensing
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhi , Pulliainen Jouni , Koponen Sampsa , Hallikainen Martti 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo major water quality parameters can be estimated from optical, thermal infrared (IR), and microwave remotely sensed data. The results show that these data combined can result in better estimated accuracy than the optical retrieval of water quality observations. However, the technique still needs to be refined in future studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 281–285, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10438
Numerical analysis of uniform rectangular waveguides filled by inhomogeneous dielectrics
Authors: Toscano Alessandro , Bilotti Filiberto , Vegni Lucio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA numerical analysis of a uniform rectangular waveguide filled by an inhomogeneous dielectric with a continuous spatial variation of the relative permittivity is presented in this Letter. The proposed method, based on a method‐of‐moments (MoM) solution of the differential equations for TE, LSE, and LSM modes, is applied to find out the cutoff frequencies of the waveguide. Some numerical examples are also presented, considering both continuous and stepped variations of the permittivity along a transverse direction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 313–316, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10446
Identification of bound waters in the solution structure of ribonuclease T1 using the double pulsed field gradient spin‐echo NMR technique for selective water excitation
Authors: Tashiro Mitsuru , Furihata Kazuo , Shimotakahara Sakurako , Shindo Heisaburo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNovel pulse sequences incorporating the double pulsed field gradient spin‐echo technique are presented that have particular use in identifying macromolecular bound water. The use of these sequences is illustrated using ribonuclease T1. Five amide protons cross‐relaxing with bound water protons were observed. Examination of the crystal structure revealed that all of these amide protons donate hydrogen bonds or are in close proximity to water molecules with very low temperature factors, indicating that these amide protons are highly correlated with the bound water molecules. This method rapidly provides reliable information for characterizing macromolecular bound water molecules. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional analysis of sperm from c‐mos−/− mice
Authors: Gross Vera S. , Cooper Geoffrey M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe c‐mos protooncogene, which is expressed predominantly in male and female germ cells, is crucial for normal oocyte meiosis and female fertility in mice. Inactivation of c‐mos results in abnormal oocyte development and leads to ovarian cysts and tumors in vivo. In contrast to the severe effects of c‐mos ablation in females, targeted inactivation of c‐mos has not been reported to affect spermatogenesis in male mice. However, previously reported studies of male c‐mos−/− mice have been limited to histological analyses of testes and in vivo matings, both of which are relatively insensitive indicators of sperm production and function. Therefore, we assayed sperm function of c‐mos−/− males under in vitro conditions to determine whether the absence of Mos during development affected sperm production or fertilizing ability. We found no significant differences between the number of sperm collected from c‐mos−/− and wild type mice. Additionally, sperm from c‐mos−/− and c‐mos+/+ males performed equally well in assays of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and fertilization‐associated events including zona pellucida (ZP) penetration, sperm/egg plasma membrane fusion, and sperm chromatin remodeling. Therefore, we suggest that the function of Mos in spermatogenesis is either not related to the ultimate fertilizing potential of the sperm, or else the absence of Mos is masked by a redundant kinase. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:519–524, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadherins expression during gamete maturation and fertilization in the rat
Authors: Ziv Shelly , Rufas Onit , Shalgi Ruth 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA role for adhesion molecules in gamete fusion, preceding fertilization, has been previously suggested. We investigated the presence of cadherins, Ca2+ dependent cell–cell adhesion molecules, in rat oocytes and spermatozoa using an anti‐pan‐cadherin antibody and specific antibodies against the 3 classical cadherins: E‐ (epithelial), P‐ (placental), and N‐ (neural) cadherins. Electrophoretic separation was performed on samples of lysed oocytes of different stages: germinal vesicle oocytes, metaphase II eggs, newly fertilized and 2‐cell embryos, as well as spermatozoa from testes, caput and cauda epididymis and ejaculate. Localization of cadherins was determined on intact, gametes by immunocytochemistry, using confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting with the pan‐cadherin antibody revealed a major band of ∼ 120 kD in all oocyte and sperm extracts. Oocytes presented E‐cadherin at appropriate molecular weight but N‐cadherin only as a specific 40 kD band. In sperm lysate, at all stages, both E‐ and N‐cadherin were demonstrated as major protein bands but a series of lower molecular weight proteins (that may represent protein degradation) were also detected. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed that E‐ and N‐cadherins are already present on the plasma membrane of immature unfertilized oocytes, although their concentration increases after fertilization in early cleavage stage embryos. Cadherin localization on spermatozoa changed during maturation from a dispersed pattern over the entire head plasma membrane of testicular spermatozoa to a restricted equatorial and post‐acrosomal plasma membrane staining in ejaculated spermatozoa. These findings suggest a specific cadherin organization at the fusogenic domains of both gametes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:547–556, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two kinase activities are sufficient for sea urchin sperm chromatin decondensation in vitro
Authors: Stephens S. , Beyer B. , Balthazar‐Stablein U. , Duncan R. , Kostacos M. , Lukoma M. , Green G.R. , Poccia D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDecondensation of compact and inactive sperm chromatin by egg cytoplasm at fertilization is necessary to convert the male germ cell chromatin to an active somatic form. We studied decondensation of sea urchin sperm nuclei in a cell‐free extract of sea urchin eggs to define conditions promoting decondensation. We find that egg cytosol specifically phosphorylates two sperm‐specific (Sp) histones in vitro in the same regions as in vivo. This activity is blocked by olomoucine, an inhibitor of cdc2‐like kinases, but not by chelerythrine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC phosphorylates and solubilizes the sperm nuclear lamina, one requirement for decondensation. Olomoucine, which does not inhibit lamina removal, blocks sperm nuclear decondensation in the same concentration range over which it is effective in blocking Sp histone phosphorylation. In a system free of other soluble proteins, neither PKC nor cdc2 alone elicit sperm chromatin decondensation, but the two act synergistically to decondense sperm nuclei. We conclude that two kinases activities are sufficient for sea urchin male pronuclear decondensation in vitro, a lamin kinase (PKC) and a cdc2‐like Sp histone kinase. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:496–503, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical manifestations and stages of rett syndrome
Authors: Hagberg Bengt 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe presentation and clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome at various ages and stages are reviewed. In addition to the classical form, variability in phenotype between different atypical Rett forms is given. Obligatory, supportive, and differential diagnostic criteria are summarized. Long‐term follow‐up findings in ageing Rett women are addressed. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:61–65. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T1 relaxation time at 0.2 Tesla for monitoring regional hyperthermia: Feasibility study in muscle and adipose tissue
Authors: Peller Michael , Reinl Herbert M. , Weigel Andreas , Meininger Martin , Issels Rolf D. , Reiser Maximilian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize T1, particularly in the hyperthermia temperature range (ca. 37–44°C), in order to control regional hyperthermia with MR monitoring using 0.2 Tesla, and to improve T1 mapping. A single‐slice and a new multislice “T One by Multiple Read‐Out Pulses” (TOMROP) pulse sequence were used for fast T1 mapping in a clinical MRI hyperthermia hybrid system. Temporal stability, temperature sensitivity, and reversibility of T1 were investigated in a polyamidacryl gel phantom and in samples of muscle and adipose tissues from turkey and pig, and verified in patients. In the gel phantom a high linear correlation between T1 and temperature (R2 = 0.97) was observed. In muscle and adipose tissue, T1 and temperature had a linear relationship below a breakpoint of 43°C. Above this breakpoint muscle tissue showed irreversible tissue changes; these effects were not visible in adipose tissue. The ex vivo results were confirmed in vivo under clinical conditions. T1 mapping allows the characterization of hyperthermia‐related tissue response in healthy tissue. T1, in combination with fast mapping, is suitable for controlling regional hyperthermia at 0.2 T within the hybrid system. Magn Reson Med 47:1194–1201, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2D JPRESS of human prostates using an endorectal receiver coil
Authors: Yue Kenneth , Marumoto Alan , Binesh Nader , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA localized 2D J‐resolved (JPRESS) MR spectroscopic sequence was evaluated in human prostates in vivo. Voxels of typically 2 ml were placed in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Eight healthy volunteers, three subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and three patients with prostatic cancer were scanned on a 1.5T MR scanner, using a body coil for RF transmission and a pelvic phased‐array coil combined with a disposable endorectal coil for signal reception. The total acquisition time for a 2D JPRESS spectrum was approximately 17 min. A major advantage of the endorectal 2D JPRESS was the ability to resolve the peaks of choline‐containing compounds and those of spermine unequivocally. Spectral results clearly showed the biochemical changes in cancer and benign compared to healthy prostates, in conformity with ex vivo biochemical findings. The preliminary results suggest that the endorectal 2D JPRESS could be successfully implemented for the diagnostic examination of human prostates. Magn Reson Med 47:1059–1064, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dy‐DTPA derivatives as relaxation agents for very high field MRI: The beneficial effect of slow water exchange on the transverse relaxivities
Authors: Vander Elst Luce , Roch Alain , Gillis Pierre , Laurent Sophie , Botteman François , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Muller Robert N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProton longitudinal and transverse relaxivities of Dy(DTPA)2− and Dy‐DTPA bisamide derivatives (Dy(DTPA‐BA): Dy‐DTPA bisamide, Dy(DTPA‐BEA): Dy‐DTPA bisethylamide, Dy(DTPA‐BnBA): Dy‐DTPA bis‐n‐butylamide, and Dy(DTPA‐BBMA): Dy‐DTPA bisbismethylamide) were analyzed between 0.47 T and 18.8 T. Curie longitudinal relaxation was clearly observed at magnetic fields larger than 2.4 T, but the longitudinal relaxivities are limited by the fast rotation of the complexes. Rotational correlation times were separately assessed by deuterium relaxometry of the diamagnetic deuterated lanthanum analogs. Transverse relaxivity, which depends on the square of the magnetic field and on the residence time of the coordinated water molecule (τM), was more than 7.5 times larger at 18.8 T and 310 K for Dy(DTPA‐BA) and Dy(DTPA‐BEA) as compared to Dy(DTPA)2−. This difference is mainly related to the slower water exchange of the bisamide complexes, as confirmed by the values of τM measured by oxygen‐17 relaxometry. Such Dy‐complexes, characterized by relatively long τM values (τ larger than 100 ns but smaller than 1 μs), thus appear to be useful as negative T2 (or transverse) contrast agents for high‐field imaging. This was demonstrated by the spin‐echo images of phantoms obtained at 4.7 T on samples containing Dy(DTPA)2− and Dy(DTPA‐BEA). Magn Reson Med 47:1121–1130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eliminating spurious lipid sidebands in 1H MRS of breast lesions
Authors: Bolan Patrick J. , DelaBarre Lance , Baker Eva H. , Merkle Hellmut , Everson Lenore I. , Yee Douglas , Garwood Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDetecting metabolites in breast lesions by in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy can be difficult due to the abundance of mobile lipids in the breast which can produce spurious sidebands that interfere with the metabolite signals. Two‐dimensional J‐resolved spectroscopy has been demonstrated in the brain as a means to eliminate these artifacts from a large water signal; coherent sidebands are resolved at their natural frequencies, leaving the noncoupled metabolite resonances in the zero‐frequency trace of the 2D spectrum. This work demonstrates that using the zero‐frequency trace—or equivalently the average of spectra acquired with different echo times—can be used to separate noncoupled metabolite signals from the lipid‐induced sidebands. This technique is demonstrated with simulations, phantom studies, and in several breast lesions. Compared to the conventional approach using a single echo time, echo time averaging provides increased sensitivity for the study of small and irregularly shaped lesions. Magn Reson Med 48:215–222, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinal muscular atrophy: Recent advances and future prospects
Authors: Nicole Sophie , Diaz Carmen Cifuentes , Frugier Tony , Melki Judith 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophies (SMA) are characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons associated with muscle paralysis and atrophy. Childhood SMA is a frequent recessive autosomal disorder and represents one of the most common genetic causes of death in childhood. Mutations of the SMN1 gene are responsible for SMA. The knowledge of the genetic basis of SMA, a better understanding of SMN function, and the recent generation of SMA mouse models represent major advances in the field of SMA. These are starting points towards understanding the pathophysiology of SMA and developing therapeutic strategies for this devastating neurodegenerative disease, for which no curative treatment is known so far. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 4–13, 2002