bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling in Chinese Women of a Sex-Specific Smoking Cessation Program in Hong Kong, China
Authors: Chen Hong , Luk Tzu Tsun , Guo Ziqiu , Yip Annie On Ni , Cheung Yee Tak Derek , Chan Sophia Siu Chee , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) sampling has been shown effective in increasing smoking abstinence by trials, but the real-world effectiveness in women is unknown. We examined the effectiveness of 1-week NRT sampling combined with counseling on smoking abstinence in Chinese women.

Aims and Methods
A prospective study was conducted on 545 Chinese women (mean age: 37.7 years) receiving nurse-delivered smoking cessation counseling from the Women Quit program in Hong Kong from 2006 to 2023. 1-week free NRT sampling was offered to all participants. Participants were categorized based on NRT usage at 1 month: non-users (n = 255), users of &lt; 1 week (n = 112), and 1-week users (n = 178). The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence of abstinence (PPA) at 6 months.

Results
Compared with non-users receiving counseling alone, 1-week users had higher 7-day PPA at 3- (aRR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.20) and 6-month (aRR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.25), higher 60-day (aRR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.33) and 150-day continuous abstinence (aRR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.33 to 3.20), and higher smoking reduction rates at 3- (aRR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.17) and 6-month (aRR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.02) follow-ups. Users of &lt; 1 week had similar smoking abstinence and reduction rates compared with non-users (all p &gt; .05). Higher 7-day PPA at 6 months of 1-week users was observed in lower versus higher education and income (both p for interaction &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The evidence presented suggests the real-world effectiveness of 1-week NRT sampling combined with counseling for increasing smoking abstinence and reduction rates in women. This implies that encouraging sampling of NRT will improve smoking cessation outcomes, particularly for women of low socioeconomic status.

Implications
We found that using 1-week NRT sampling combined with counseling was associated with higher smoking abstinence and reduction rates compared with counseling alone in women receiving a quitline service. We also found that women with socioeconomic disadvantages and older age benefited more from the use of 1-week NRT sampling. These findings highlight the importance of offering and promoting the use of 1-week NRT sampling as part of smoking cessation programs for women, particularly those with lower socioeconomic status, potentially to narrow cessation disparities.
Viral Burden and Illness Severity During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predict Persistent Long COVID Symptoms
Authors: Brandstetter Figueroa Elisabeth , Frosch Anne E P , Burrack Kristina S , Dileepan Gayathri , Goldsmith Rachael , Harris Morgan , Ikeogu Nwando , Jibrell Hodan , Thayalan Sangeitha , Dewar Robin L , Shenoy Chetan , Sereti Irini , Baker Jason V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Long COVID is a common complication of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, but the prevalence and predictors of the condition remain poorly characterized.

Methods
We prospectively studied adults (≥18 years) with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to an urban safety net hospital and associated clinics between July 2020 and December 2022. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics with long COVID status, defined as symptoms persisting at least 9 months after acute disease. Among unrecovered participants, we describe the prevalence of individual symptoms.

Results
We enrolled 222 participants, 162 (73%) of whom had known recovery status by 9 months. Median age was 54 years, half (55%) were female, and the majority of participants (78%) had at least 1 comorbidity at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Based on acute illness characteristics, the adjusted odds ratio for long COVID was 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–8.0) among those with detectable nucleocapsid antigen and 3.6 (95% CI, 1.2–11) for those who required supplemental oxygen. Of the 41% of participants with symptoms persisting at least 9 months, central nervous system and psychological symptoms were most commonly reported, with 57% reporting functional limitations due to their persistent symptoms.

Conclusions
The strong association with initial disease suggests a decreasing prevalence of long COVID as acute illnesses become milder. However, many contemporary patients still experience high viral burden with extended viral replication, even after vaccination. Our findings highlight the importance of properly characterizing long COVID as viral evolution shifts acute disease presentation.
Developing a typology of climate grief expressions in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Zurba Melanie , Boyd Sara , Lamoureux Bryanne , Brimacombe Morgan , Morton-Ferguson Aden , Mendritzki Erica , Park Andrew , Busolo David , Woodgate Roberta L , Binkley Lisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Increasing temperatures, severe storms, wildfires, and melting sea ice have made climate change a reality for Canadians. Climatic change can cause experiences of grieving and loss, often termed ‘climate grief.’ Our objective was to better understand emotions related to climate change by developing a typology illustrating the ways people in Canada express climate grief. In a scoping review (in English and French) of databases, popular media, social media, and art, we identified nine primary ‘mediums’ through which climate grief is discussed and expressed: (i) peer-reviewed research; (ii) grey literature; (iii) guiding frameworks; (iv) education; (v) social action gathering; (vi) mental health support; (vii) religions and spiritual practice; (viii) artistic expression; and (ix) media. Additionally, within those mediums we identified and categorized 26 forms of expression (secondary), and 40 types of expression (tertiary). Our review collected sources until 2022 and found that people in Canada express climate grief through diverse mediums, spanning Canadian provinces and territories. This typology can strengthen education, learning, and environmental decision-making to find new avenues to support the emotional and physical toll climate change can have on people in Canada.
Blockbuster or bust? Silver screen effect and stock returns
Authors: Hong Sanghyun , Wei Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study introduces a novel mood metric—blockbuster movie releases—and investigates its correlation with stock market dynamics. We document a significant positive correlation between blockbuster movie releases and US stock market returns in the subsequent week. This pattern remains robust across various robustness tests both in-sample and out-of-sample. The changes in weekly box office revenue and increased Internet searches for movie-related terms further affirm this relationship. Moreover, releases of blockbuster movies predict lower expected market volatility and risk aversion. The positive predictive effect on market returns is also evident in international markets.
The Role of Social Support in Bridging the Digital Divide for Older Veterans
Authors: Jacobs Josephine C. , Greene Liberty , SooHoo Sonya , Slightam Cindie , Gujral Kritee , Zulman Donna M. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
For nearly a decade, the US Veterans Health Administration (VA) has distributed tablets to Veterans with access barriers who may benefit from video telehealth visits. Older Veterans’ lower likelihood of tablet use relative to younger Veterans has prompted interest in factors influencing tablet utilization.

Objectives:
We examined whether social support facilitates video telehealth utilization among older Veterans who received VA tablets.

Research Design:
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record–linked survey data. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between social support and telehealth use, controlling for predisposing, enabling, and health factors.

Subjects:
Veterans aged ≥65 who received a VA-issued tablet and responded to a national survey (September 2021 to January 2022) (n=859).

Measures:
The outcome measure was any VA video telehealth use in the 6 months post-tablet receipt. Social support measures included tangible support, living with others, and marital status.

Results:
Fewer than two-thirds of respondents (62.4%) had a video visit in the 6 months post-tablet receipt. In all, 32.2% of respondents noted that the absence of family or friends to help with video visits hindered their use of video telehealth. In multivariable analyses, greater tangible social support was associated with 54.1% (95% CI: 10.1%–116.2%) higher odds of having a video visit.

Conclusions:
Older adults who receive technological devices to engage in video telehealth benefit from tangible social support from family and friends. Assessing and addressing patients’ social and environmental circumstances may help optimize digital divide interventions and ensure that older adults are not excluded from telehealth-related access gains.
Future directions in transfeminine genital gender-affirming surgery: tissue substitutes and transplant
Authors: Xu Alex J. , Zeki Jessica Abou , Gupta Shubham , Mishra Kirtishri 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
The present study reviews contemporary literature focused on uterine transplantation and tissue substitutes for the purposes of transfeminine genital gender affirming surgery (GAS). Additional background is provided for both topics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the modern applications.

Recent findings
Uterine transplant remains an experimental procedure in cisgender patients who wish to avoid surrogacy. A natural extension might be to apply these techniques to GAS. Technical barriers include anatomic differences and alterations to gender-affirming hormone administration protocols. Ethically, resource allocation, elective immunosuppression, societal response to organ donation, legal ramifications of parenthood as well as the potential, under-studied effects that such an elective procedure may have on the patient's offspring must be further investigated.
Tissue substitutes have long been used in urologic reconstruction but more recently applied to gender affirmation surgery which has traditionally relied on autografting to line the neovaginal canal both in the context of primary and revision vaginoplasty. However, the advent of off-the-shelf xenografts have recently been posited to be safe and efficacious alternatives to autografts. Longer term studies are needed to validate whether these proposed methods are indeed noninferior to traditional approaches.

Summary
The field of feminizing gender affirmation surgery remains an exciting frontier for surgeons and patients alike. Given the relative nascency of the specialty and its propensity to draw techniques from various surgical disciplines there exists a unique opportunity for rapid innovation to overcome challenging problems posed by these complex procedures as evidenced by discussions around applying uterine transplantation and the use of novel tissue grafting techniques.
The effect of tart cherry juice (TCJ) supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in an athletic population
Authors: Dehghani Elaheh , Beba Mohammad , Danandeh Khashayar , Memari Amirhossein , Ershadmanesh Mohamad Javad , Rasoulian Pegah , Danandeh Arshiya , Djafarian Kurosh 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the effect of tart cherry juice (TCJ) supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Evidence supported TCJ’s beneficial effects on muscular function and inflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8.

Method:
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to January 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using RevMan® software. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), inflammatory markers, creatine kinase (CK), and visual analog scale (VAS) score were pooled using fixed- or random-effect models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square or I
2 statistics.

Results:
Ten trials were included in the analysis. TCJ supplementation significantly improved MVIC [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 9.13%, 95% CI (6.42–11.84), I
2 = 62.3%] and decreased IL-6 [WMD = −0.4 pg/ml, 95% CI (−0.68 to −0.11), I
2 = 62.2%] and IL-8 [WMD = −0.3 pg/ml, 95% CI (−0.6 to −0.0), I
2 = 46.3%]. No significant changes were found in CK, C-reactive protein, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or VAS score. Dose–response analysis revealed a significant non-linear association between daily TCJ dose and MVIC effect size.

Conclusion:
TCJ supplementation may improve muscle function and some inflammatory biomarkers in EIMD. Further high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine TCJ’s long-term effects.
Comparing the accuracy and safety of automated CO2 angiography to iodine angiography in peripheral arterial disease with chronic limb ischemia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Afsharirad Ali , Javankiani Sepide , Noparast Morteza 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Diagnostic angiography of peripheral arteries using carbon dioxide (CO2) is feasible in nearly all areas below the diaphragm. Using carbon dioxide as a contrast material in angiography provides the highest quality diagnostic results in the vascular segments above the knee. However, its diagnostic reliability decreases as it moves toward the distal side of the vessels below the knee. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy and consistency between CO2 and iodine contrast angiography in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) with chronic limb ischemia (CLI).

Methods:
The study prospectively enrolled 35 patients with PVD and CLI and performed both CO2 and iodine contrast angiography, comparing the results for each patient. Image quality, stenosis severity, and anatomical location were analyzed.

Results:
In this study, a total of 35 patients (19 male) with an average age of 56.91 ± 10.73 were examined. Among them, 13 patients (37.1%) had involvement in the femoral region, 8 patients (22.9%) in the popliteal region, 8 patients (22.9%) in the tibial region, and 6 patients (17.1%) in the foot region. CO2 angiography produced excellent image quality in 40% of cases, with good quality in another 25.7%. The quality decreased in the popliteal and foot regions. While stenosis assessment was comparable between the two methods in the femoral, popliteal, and tibial regions, there was a significant difference in the foot region. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CO2 angiography were all 100% in the femoral and popliteal areas. However, these values were lower in the tibial and foot areas.

Discussion:
The study concluded that the use of CO2 angiography, particularly for vascular lesions above the popliteal cavity, is a valuable and safe method for peripheral vascular examination of the lower limbs. It can serve as an alternative to iodine contrast angiography, especially in patients with kidney failure.
Giant hemorrhagic omental cyst mimicking ascites in an 8-month-old infant: a case report
Authors: Neupane Narayan Prasad , Gyawali Balkrishna , Shah Abhishek Kumar , Kaini Manisha , Yadav Manish 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Omental cysts are rare congenital lymphatic lesions in children, presenting as a palpable mass, abdominal distension, or acute abdomen. Complications include hemorrhage, rupture, and torsion. Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms, often requiring imaging. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment. This case highlights a unique presentation of a large hemorrhagic cyst, initially misdiagnosed as ascites.

Case presentation:
An 8-month-old male presented with irritability for 1 week, abdominal distension, poor feeding, and no stools for 3 days. Examination revealed fever, tachycardia, pale appearance, and distended abdomen with shifting dullness. Investigations showed severe anemia, leukocytosis, and complex ascites on imaging. Surgical exploration identified a 25 × 15 cm hemorrhagic omental cyst, resected alongside herniotomy for a left inguinal hernia. Histopathology confirmed cystic lymphangioma. Recovery was uneventful, with normal follow-up ultrasound at 6 months.

Discussion:
Omental cysts, rare in children, arise from ectopic lymphatic tissue and present variably as abdominal distension, pain, or intestinal obstruction. Misdiagnosed as ascites in this case, imaging often identifies cystic masses, though definitive diagnosis can be challenging. This infant’s severe anemia was unusual, requiring pre- and postoperative transfusions. Treatment typically involves complete excision; here, open resection was chosen due to the cyst’s size and hemorrhagic nature. This case underscores diagnostic challenges and emphasizes tailored management for rare abdominal cysts in children.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of omental cysts in pediatric patients with atypical presentations. It underscores the importance of considering rare entities like omental cysts in acute abdomen cases and utilizing comprehensive diagnostic and surgical approaches.
Examining the human-centred challenges of human–swarm interaction
Authors: Lyons Joseph B. , Capiola August , Adams Julie A. , Mator Janine D. , Cherry Erin , Barrera Kristen 
Published: January 2025

We adopt a tripart approach in describing the human-centred challenges with human–swarm interaction. First, the results of large-N laboratory studies will be discussed which found evidence of trust biases (e.g. system-wide trust (SWT)), uncertainties regarding appropriate control strategies and timing, and inaccuracies of perceived swarm reliability. Second, the results of a small-N subject-matter expert study will be discussed, highlighting evidence for component-specific trust (CST) and will highlight concerns from expert operators regarding: understanding appropriate inputs for swarm control, transfer of control, general transparency for swarms including the need for understanding why errors might occur and concerns regarding the effects of command latency. Third, human-centred challenges from the use of swarms in the real world will be discussed. These challenges include lessons learned regarding human–swarm interfaces, the intense challenges of logistics when using swarms in the real world, and otherwise hidden challenges of using swarms for real-world scenarios such as the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) OFFensive Swarm-Enabled Tactics (OFFSET) programme and the use of swarms for monitoring operations for the Air Force Marathon. This article will close with a brief discussion of the opportunity space within human–swarm interaction if the research community is able to close the gap on these human-centred challenges.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
Performance prediction of hub-based swarms
Authors: Jain Puneet , Dwivedi Chaitanya , Smith Nicholas , Goodrich Michael A. 
Published: January 2025

There are powerful tools for modelling swarms that have strong spatial structures like flocks of birds, schools of fish and formations of drones, but relatively little work on developing formalisms for other swarm structures like hub-based colonies doing foraging, maintaining a nest or selecting a new nest site. We present a method for finding low-dimensional representations of swarm state for simulated homogeneous hub-based colonies solving the best-of-N problem. The embeddings are obtained from latent representations of convolution-based graph neural network architectures and have the property that swarm states which have similar performance have very similar embeddings. Such embeddings are used to classify swarm state into binned estimates of success probability and time to completion. We demonstrate how embeddings can be obtained in a sequence of experiments that progressively require less information, which suggests that the methods can be extended to larger swarms in more complicated environments.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
On the ethical governance of swarm robotic systems in the real world
Authors: Winfield Alan F. T. , Swana Matimba , Ives Jonathan , Hauert Sabine 
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we address the question: what practices would be required for the responsible design and operation of real-world swarm robotic systems? We argue that swarm robotic systems must be developed and operated within a framework of ethical governance. We will also explore the human factors surrounding the operation and management of swarm systems, advancing the view that human factors are no less important to swarm robots than social robots. Ethical governance must be anticipatory, and a powerful method for practical anticipatory governance is ethical risk assessment (ERA). As case studies, this paper includes four worked examples of ERAs for fictional but realistic real-world swarms. Although of key importance, ERA is not the only tool available to the responsible roboticist. We outline the supporting role of ethical principles, standards, and verification and validation. Given that real-world swarm robotic systems are likely to be deployed in diverse ecologies, we also ask: how can swarm robotic systems be sustainable? We bring all of these ideas together to describe the complete life cycle of swarm robotic systems, showing where and how the tools and interventions are applied within a framework of anticipatory ethical governance.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The road forward with swarm systems’.
Extracting Knowledge from Scientific Texts on Patient-Derived Cancer Models Using Large Language Models: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Yao Jiarui , Perova Zinaida , Mandloi Tushar , Lewis Elizabeth , Parkinson Helen , Savova Guergana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPatient-derived cancer models (PDCMs) have emerged as indispensable tools in both cancer research and preclinical studies. The number of publications on PDCMs increased significantly in the last decade. Developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), hold promise for extracting knowledge from scientific texts at scale. This study investigates the use of LLM-based systems for automatically extracting PDCM-related entities from scientific texts. We evaluated two approaches: direct prompting and soft prompting using LLMs. For direct prompting, we manually create prompts to guide the LLMs to output PDCM-related entities from texts. The prompt consists of an instruction, definitions of entity types, gold examples and a query. We automatically train soft prompts – a novel line of research in this domain - as continuous vectors using machine learning approaches. Our experiments utilized state-of-the-art LLMs – proprietary GPT4-o and a series of open LLaMA3 family models. In our experiments, GPT4-o with direct prompts maintained competitive results. Our results demonstrate that soft prompting can effectively enhance the capabilities of smaller open LLMs, achieving results comparable to proprietary models. These findings highlight the potential of LLMs in domain-specific text extraction tasks and emphasize the importance of tailoring approaches to the task and model characteristics.