bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of overnight urinary gonadotropin excretion predicts imminent puberty in girls: a semi-longitudinal study
Authors: Demir And , Büyükgebiz Atilla , Aydin Adem , Hero Matti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We explored the alternative of using overnight fold change in gonadotropin levels by comparing the last-night-voided (LNV) and first-morning-voided (FMV) urine concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a conceptual analogy to the invasive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test setting.

Methods
We investigated the nocturnal changes in the immunoreactivity levels of urinary gonadotropins between early and late prepubertal stages as well as between early and late pubertal stages in FMV and LNV urine samples from 30 girls, of whom those who were prepubertal were further investigated through follow-up visits within the 1-year period from the start of the study.

Results
ROC analysis revealed that the FMV total U-LH and FMV U-FSH concentrations at or above 0.3 IU/L and 2.5 IU/L, respectively, were excellent predictors of forthcoming onset of puberty within 1 year (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, AUC: 1.00, and n = 10, for both). FMV total U-LH concentration at or above 0.8 IU/L represented the cut-off for clinical signs of puberty. FMV/LNV total U-LH and FMV/LNV U-FSH ratios at or below 4.11 and 1.38, respectively, were also good predictors of the onset of clinical puberty within 1 year. An overnight increase (FMV/LNV ratio) in total U-LH concentrations and in the U-LH/U-FSH ratio at or below 1.2-fold in pubertal girls was associated with the postmenarcheal pubertal stage.

Conclusion
FMV total U-LH and U-FSH above 0.3 IU/L and 2.5 IU/L, respectively, can be used as cut-off values to predict the manifestation of the clinical signs of puberty within 1 year. FMV total U-LH concentrations 0.3–0.8 IU/L and 0.6 IU/L may represent the range and the threshold, respectively, that reflect the loosening of the central brake on the GnRH pulse generator. An overnight increase of 20% or less in total U-LH concentrations and in the U-LH/U-FSH ratio in an early pubertal girl may serve as an indicator of imminent menarche, a presumed timing of which can be unraveled by future longitudinal studies.
Influence of processing and matrix parameters on the manufacturing of unidirectional flax/polypropylene composites
Authors: Mattlet Agnès , Sicot Olivier , Van Schoors Laetitia , Aivazzadeh Shahram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe manufacturing by thermocompression of flax fiber composites requires a good understanding of process parameters. This work focuses on the influence of key parameters in the manufacture of quality unidirectional flax/polypropylene composites by thermocompression. To this effect, a number of matrix and process parameters have been studied and ranked according to their influence on composite morphology and tensile properties. Among tested parameters, process time and temperature tend to decrease tensile strength as they increased from 3 to 11 min and from 180 to 200 °C. As a result, decrease of cooling speed from 15 to 5 °C min−1 also decreased tensile strength. Temperature of 180 °C also led to composites with no dispersion of fibers. Using a compatibilized agent, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP), also increased tensile strength of composites. Increasing its percentage from 3 to 5% increased tensile properties in the 90° direction. Pressure had no significant effect on mechanical properties, though lower pressures increase fiber dispersion.
Effect of physical and chemical activation methods on the structure, optical absorbance, band gap and urbach energy of porous activated carbon
Authors: Shahcheragh S. K. , Bagheri Mohagheghi M. M. , Shirpay A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, activated carbon was synthesized using the almond shell and palm kernel by physical activation with water vapor and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) methods. Then, the structural and optical properties of the activated carbons were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The SEM images showed that in the raw sample of hard almond shell and palm kernel, there is no porosity and pores, but in the activated carbon samples, porosity and structural defects were clearly observed. The XRD patterns showed that porous and amorphous structure was formed in all samples synthesized with physical and chemical activation. The results of FTIR spectra of activated carbons showed that there are carbon functional groups in all samples. The optical absorption coefficient (α) of the activated carbon with physical and chemical activation methods was obtained in order of 105–106. The band gap measurement of porous nanostructures showed that the activated carbon synthesized with chemical and physical activation methods have energy gap (Eg) in region = 2.80 to 3.15 eV and urbach energy (EU) in region = 120 to 210 meV.
Striving to Be Pono (Balanced, Equitable, and Hopeful): Conceptualizing an Indigenous Writing Process from a Native Hawaiian Cultural Perspective
Authors: Martin Tammy Kahalaopuna Kahoʻolemana , Merculief Alexis , Young Rebecca Ipiaqruk , White Lauren , Marshall Sarah Momilani , Waubanascum Cary , White Evan J. , Russette Helen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCommunity-based and culturally grounded research, led by Indigenous scholars, is critical for the prevention and intervention of health risks such as substance use and misuse in Indigenous communities. However, Indigenous scholars encounter numerous adversities to success in academia. This manuscript describes an Indigenous Writing Retreat (IWR) guided by Native Hawaiian worldview and ontology held in Hawaiʻi in Spring 2022 to empower eleven Indigenous scholars and four mentors through cultivating their Form (intellectual knowledge) and Essence (expression of true intention and authentic feeling). Intentions of this gathering were as follows: (1) Hoʻoulu a Hoʻomōhalahala ʻIke: inspire growth/develop knowledge and insight; (2) Hōʻola i ka Nohona Kanaka: give life to cultural identity and native intelligence; (3) Hoʻopono: cleanse and let go; and (4) Hoʻohana Pilina: relationship building with each other, land, and spirit. Intentions were achieved through six methods: (1) academic writing; (2) Indigenous Cultural Orientation and Protocol; (3) honor and pay respect for people and land; (4) cultural tools and ceremony; (5) create a “Safe Space”; and (6) community building. This story conveys the IWR impact on scholars, mentors, and community hosts, including kūpuna (Elders)/leaders/cultural practitioners via a survey, email exchanges, and “talk story” sessions with them. Four relational actions (recommendations) for future IWRs are presented using the acronym PONO: Preparation, Observation, Navigation, and Oneness. This IWR is offered as a gift to all Indigenous nations to inspire and guide relational exchanges and cultivate Indigenous leadership in substance use research, collective well-being, and resilience by centering Indigenous worldviews and methodologies.
Trends in Brain Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Simard Marc-André , Kozlowski Diego , Segal Julia , Messer Mia , Ocay Don Daniel , Saari Toni , Ferland Catherine E. , Larivière Vincent 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Bibliometrics methods have allowed researchers to assess the popularity of brain research through the ever-growing number of brain-related research papers. While many topics of brain research have been covered by previous studies, there is no comprehensive overview of the evolution of brain research and its various specialties and funding practices over a long period of time.Objective:This paper aims to (1) determine how brain research has evolved over time in terms of number of papers, (2) countries' relative and absolute positioning in terms of papers and impact, and (3) how those various trends vary by area.Methods:Using a list of validated keywords, we extracted brain-related articles and journals indexed in the Web of Science over the 1991–2020 period, for a total of 2,467,708 papers. We used three indicators to perform: number of papers, specialization, and research impact.Results:Our results show that over the past 30 years, the number of brain-related papers has grown at a faster pace than science in general, with China being at the forefront of this growth. Different patterns of specialization among countries and funders were also underlined. Finally, the NIH, the European Commission, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the UK Medical Research Council, and the German Research Foundation were found to be among the top funders.Conclusion:Despite data-related limitations, our findings provide a large-scope snapshot of the evolution of brain research and its funding, which may be used as a baseline for future studies on these topics.
Discovering optimal flapping wing kinematics using active deep learning
Authors: Corban Baptiste , Bauerheim Michael , Jardin Thierry 
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on the discovery of optimal flapping wing kinematics using a deep learning surrogate model for unsteady aerodynamics and multi-objective optimisation. First, a surrogate model of the unsteady forces experienced by a 3-D flapping wing is built, based on deep neural networks. The model is trained on a dataset of randomly generated kinematics simulated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Once trained, the neural networks can quickly predict the unsteady lift and torques experienced by the wing, using sparse information on the kinematics. This fast surrogate model allows multi-objective optimisation to be performed. The resulting Pareto front consists of new kinematics that may be very different from the kinematics of the initial dataset. A few arbitrarily chosen kinematics on the Pareto front are thus simulated using DNS and used to enhance the database. The new dataset is used to train again the networks, and this active deep learning/optimisation framework is performed until convergence, obtained after only two iterations. Overall, this method reduced the cost of optimisation by 83 %. Results reveal two distinct families of motions. Kinematics promoting high efficiency are characterised by large stroke amplitudes and relatively low angles of attack, as observed for fruit flies, honeybees or hawkmoths. For those, lift production is driven by quasi-steady effects and the formation of a stable leading edge vortex. Kinematics promoting high lift are characterised by small stroke amplitudes and high angles of attack, reminiscent of mosquitoes. Lift production is driven by the rapid generation of vorticity at the trailing edge.
The Human Right to Development: Definitions, Research and Annotated Bibliography
Authors: Lee Jootaek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConsidering a wide variety of international instruments and literature, this article will attempt to provide a comprehensive and consistent definition of the human right to development and its relationship to the human right to health and intellectual property. This article will also provide an annotated bibliography of various sources which can facilitate the research of scholars and practitioners in this field. A list of primary source instruments, including the selective laws of domestic countries, is also introduced.
‘PLUNDERING THE LIBERAL PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITION’? THE USE OR ABUSE OF ADAM SMITH IN PARLIAMENT, 1919–2023
Authors: Greene Zachary , Jasinski Jan M. , Roy Graeme , Schober Thomas , Scotto Thomas J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe contemporary relevance of Adam Smith is evidenced by continued reference to his name. Computational analysis identifies over 700 mentions of Smith and his two famous works—The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations—in post-World War 1 House of Commons debates. We find some parliamentarians appreciate Smith’s complex ideas, but most references are ‘ornamental’. Charting Smith’s use over the decades, this paper builds on Kirk Willis’ idea that studying parliamentary debates are an ideal way to understand how, at best, policy ideas, germinate and disseminate over time, or, at worst, how ‘complex ideas became slogans’.
THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGENIC FRACTION ANALYSIS BY RADIOCARBON IN FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS
Authors: Varga Tamás , Szejke Dóra , Nemes Zoltán , Jull A J Timothy , Molnár Mihály 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBiobased content analysis is a well-established, analytically independent, standardized method to determine the biobased content of fuels and plastics, based on differences of the specific radiocarbon (14C) activity of fossil and recent biogenic compounds. This biogenic content analysis can be useful for the producers as a quality assurance tool, for the customers as feedback about the truly biobased products and for the control organizations as an independent analytical tool to prove the biological origin. More than 100 commercially available foods, cosmetics, and drug samples have been used for biobased carbon content analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C measurement to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Our results show that this measurement technique is a unique tool for the determination of biocontent in foodstuff and medical products. Most of the tested materials were nearly or completely biobased (≥ 98 pMC), and no completely fossil-based final product was detected. The lowest biogenic compound was measured in a vanilla aroma flavor. In 45 of the 102 samples selected a wide range (2–98%) presented fossil-based carbon content. The method can be applied for monitoring raw materials and final products for biobased content in the industry and consumer protection as well.
An MRI-based articulatory analysis of the Kannada dental-retroflex contrast
Authors: Kochetov Alexei , Savariaux Christophe , Lamalle Laurent , Noûs Camille , Badin Pierre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the production of dental and retroflex stops, fricatives, nasals, and laterals in the Dravidian language Kannada. This is done using articulatory contours extracted from an extensive midsagittal MRI corpus of two female Kannada speakers’ static vocal tract postures intended to capture key aspects of phonemic articulations. Articulatory modelling was used to determine a set of components responsible for the implementation of place and manner contrasts (/t̪ s̪ n̪ l̪/ vs. /ʈ ʂ ɳ ɭ/). These components included both lingual and non-lingual articulatory parameters. Constriction location and length were also determined based on articulatory contours. The results showed that the two speakers produced non-fricative retroflexes with a retracted tongue tip making a constriction behind the alveolar ridge and a characteristic convex tongue shape, yet without a retraction of the posterior portion of the tongue. Apart from the lingual parameters, place differences were also manifested by the vertical position of the larynx (lower for retroflexes). The realisation of the place contrast in sibilant fricatives was different, as /ʂ/ appeared to be produced by both speakers with a laminal alveolopalatal constriction. Manner differences were captured by various non-lingual parameters, yet being also manifested in constriction locations (more anterior for stops). These findings are discussed in the context of previous descriptive and articulatory accounts of dental-retroflex contrasts.
Developing a framework to improve global estimates of conservation area coverage
Authors: Sykes Rachel E. , O'Neill Helen M.K. , Juffe-Bignoli Diego , Metcalfe Kristian , Stephenson P.J. , Struebig Matthew J. , Visconti Piero , Burgess Neil D. , Kingston Naomi , Davies Zoe G. , Smith Robert J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArea-based conservation is a widely used approach for maintaining biodiversity, and there are ongoing discussions over what is an appropriate global conservation area coverage target. To inform such debates, it is necessary to know the extent and ecological representativeness of the current conservation area network, but this is hampered by gaps in existing global datasets. In particular, although data on privately and community-governed protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures are often available at the national level, it can take many years to incorporate these into official datasets. This suggests a complementary approach is needed based on selecting a sample of countries and using their national-scale datasets to produce more accurate metrics. However, every country added to the sample increases the costs of data collection, collation and analysis. To address this, here we present a data collection framework underpinned by a spatial prioritization algorithm, which identifies a minimum set of countries that are also representative of 10 factors that influence conservation area establishment and biodiversity patterns. We then illustrate this approach by identifying a representative set of sampling units that cover 10% of the terrestrial realm, which included areas in only 25 countries. In contrast, selecting 10% of the terrestrial realm at random included areas across a mean of 162 countries. These sampling units could be the focus of future data collation on different types of conservation area. Analysing these data could produce more rapid and accurate estimates of global conservation area coverage and ecological representativeness, complementing existing international reporting systems.
Evil and evidence: a reply to Bass
Authors: Almeida Mike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ‘Evil is Still Evidence: Comments on Almeida’ Robert Bass presents three objections to the central argument (ENE) in my ‘Evil is Not Evidence’. The first objection is that ENE is invalid. According to the second objection, it is a consequence of ENE that there can be no evidence for or against a posteriori necessities. The third objection is that, contrary to ENE, the likelihood of certain necessary identities varies with the evidence we have for them. In this reply I explain why ENE has exactly none of the implications described by Bass. I argue in the concluding section that there is a modal solution to the epistemological problems presented by ENE.
Assessing forest restoration effectiveness in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion using epigaeic ant assemblages
Authors: Nickele Mariane Aparecida , Reis Filho Wilson , Penteado Susete do Rocio Chiarello , Queiroz Elisiane Castro de , Silva Luis Cesar Rodrigues da , Camargo Thiele Sides , Casadei-Ferreira Alexandre , Feitosa Rodrigo Machado , Pie Marcio Roberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant initiated a large reforestation programme after the expropriation of the areas destined for the formation of the reservoir. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest restoration of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, Brazil, using epigaeic ant assemblages as bioindicators, by comparing ant species richness and composition in the Reservoir Protection Strip with adjacent areas, such as the primary forest of the Iguaçu National Park and the Permanent Preservation Area located on a rural property and agricultural areas. In total, 171 ant species were identified. Ant species richness was higher in forest than in agricultural areas and did not differ among forest areas. However, ant species composition in forest areas, regardless of the restoration technique used, was not similar to the primary forest, possibly due to variation in forest recovery time. This study highlights the great value of the Iguaçu National Park as a conservation unit. Also, it reveals that the efforts for the creation and maintenance of the Reservoir Protection Strip, which remains without anthropic interventions for years, might indeed lead to a complete recovery of the ant species composition over time, reinforcing their great importance for biodiversity conservation.
The Gold Standard and the international dimension of the Great Depression
Authors: Pensieroso Luca , Restout Romain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWas the Gold Standard a major determinant of the onset and protracted character of the Great Depression of the 1930s in the USA and worldwide? In this paper, we model the “Gold Standard hypothesis” in an open-economy, dynamic general equilibrium framework. We show that encompassing the international and monetary dimensions of the Great Depression is important to understand the turmoil of the 1930s. In particular, the Gold Standard turns out to be a strong transmission mechanism of monetary shocks from the USA to the rest of the world. Our results also suggest that the waves of successive nominal exchange rate devaluations coupled with the monetary policy implemented in the USA might not have enhanced the recovery.
Accounts of vulnerability within positive human rights obligations
Authors: Godden-Rasul Nikki , Murray C.R.G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccounts of human beings as vulnerable have provided powerful reposts to liberal individualism in recent decades. Concurrently, the European Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence on Convention states’ positive obligations often obliges public authorities to address particular vulnerabilities. These developments reflect elements of different theoretical accounts of vulnerability but lack a coherent approach to the human subject. Exploring the impact of this in the UK Supreme Court’s jurisprudence, we evaluate two case studies in which positive obligations have been imposed on the police; (1) public order in the context of inter-community tensions in Northern Ireland (DB v. Chief Constable of Police Service of Northern Ireland) and (2) police investigations in regard to serial sexual offending (Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis v. DSD). This jurisprudence illustrates how some domestic judges are supplying their decisions with rationalisations which are lacking in the European Court’s case law.
Changes in Blue/Green Water Partitioning Under Severe Drought
Authors: Stephens C. M. , Band L. E. , Johnson F. M. , Marshall L. A. , Medlyn B. E. , De Kauwe M. G. , Ukkola A. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMuch attention has been given to the disproportionate streamflow deficits (relative to rainfall deficits) experienced by many catchments during the Millennium Drought (1998–2009) in southeastern Australia, along with lack of post‐drought streamflow recovery in some cases. However, mechanisms behind the coupled hydrologic and ecosystem dynamics are poorly understood. We applied a process‐based ecohydrologic model (RHESSys) in a Melbourne water supply catchment to examine changes in ecohydrologic behavior during and after the drought. Our simulations suggested that average transpiration (green water) was maintained under drought despite a substantial (12%) decrease in average rainfall, meaning that the entire rainfall deficit translated to reduced streamflow (blue water). Altered spatial patterns of vegetation behavior across the terrain helped the ecosystem maintain this unexpectedly high green water use. Decreased transpiration upland was compensated by increases in the riparian zone, which was less water limited and therefore able to meet higher water demand during drought. In the post‐drought period, we found greater transpiration and reduced subsurface water storage relative to pre‐drought, suggesting a longer‐term persistence in altered water partitioning. The post‐drought outcome was attributed to a combination of warmer climate and the persisting effects of the drought on nutrient availability. Given the importance of shifting ecohydrologic patterns across space, our results raise concerns for applying lumped conceptual hydrologic models under nonstationary or extreme conditions. Additionally, the processes we identified have important implications for water supply in Australia's second largest city under projected drying.