bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Model for Selective Cultivation of Microfungi in a Microscreen Process for Food Processing Wastewater Treatment and Biomass Production
Authors: van Leeuwen J. H. , Hu Z. , Yi T. , Pometto A. L. III , Jin B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe research was aimed at developing a technology to combine the production of useful microfungi with the treatment of wastewater from food processing. A recycle bioreactor equipped with a microscreen was developed as a wastewater treatment system on a laboratory scale to contain a Rhizopus culture and maintain its dominance under non‐aseptic conditions. Competitive growth of bacteria was observed, but this was minimised by manipulation of the solids retention time and the hydraulic retention time. Removal of about 90% of the waste organic material (as BOD) from the wastewater was achieved simultaneously. Since essentially all fungi are retained behind the 100 μm aperture screen, the solids retention time could be controlled by the rate of harvesting. The hydraulic retention time was employed to control the bacterial growth as the bacteria were washed through the screen at a short HRT. A steady state model was developed to determine these two parameters. This model predicts the effluent quality. Experimental work is still needed to determine the growth characteristics of the selected fungal species under optimum conditions (pH and temperature).
Use of a multiplex PCR/sequencing strategy to detect both connexin 30 (GJB6) 342 kb deletion and connexin 26 (GJB2) mutations in cases of childhood deafness
Authors: Wu Bai‐Lin , Kenna Margaret , Lip Va , Irons Mira , Platt Orah 
Published: August 2003

AbstractHearing loss is a common congenital disorder that is frequently associated with mutations in the Cx26 gene (GJB2). Three recent reports that found a large deletion in another DFNB1 gene, Cx30 (GJB6), suggest that this defect may cause nonsyndromic recessive hearing loss through either a homozygous deletion of Cx30, or digenic inheritance of a Cx30 deletion and a Cx26 mutation in trans. We designed a simple diagnostic strategy with multiplex PCR followed by direct sequencing to allow for the simultaneous detection of Cx26 mutations and Cx30 deletions, and evaluated its effectiveness as a clinical genetic test by examining 200 DNA samples. In the 108 samples from deaf subjects, two digenic mutations were identified in Cx26 and Cx30 (E47X/342 kb deletion and 167delT/342 kb deletion); 69 had only Cx26 mutations (29 biallelic, 40 singleton), including two novel frameshift mutations 511–512insAACG and 358–360delAG; and 37 had no detectable mutation in either Cx26 or Cx30. Our deletion mapping suggested that the proximal breakpoint of all reported Cx30 large deletions are between the nucleotide 444 and 627 at the Cx30 coding region within a maximal interval of 78 or 184 bp. This simultaneous examination of Cx26 and Cx30 is a practical and efficient diagnostic approach for patients with nonsyndromic congenital deafness. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of reproductive biology and proximate factors regulating seasonal breeding in captive golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)
Authors: De Vleeschouwer Kristel , Leus Kristin , Van Elsacker Linda 
Published: August 2003

AbstractReproduction is highly demanding in terms of energy expenditure, and the costs and benefits associated with postponing or investing in a reproductive effort are crucial determinants of an individual's fitness. Understanding the reproductive potential of a species under varying ecological conditions offers important insights into the dynamics of its social system. This study provides the first detailed analysis of the reproductive potential of wild‐ and captive‐born golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) under captive conditions, based on studbook data compiled during 1984–2000. Litters produced by wild‐born females breeding in captivity are similar in size to litters observed in the wild, but smaller than litters of captive‐born females. The more stringent ecological conditions experienced by wild‐born females during maturation may result in a lifelong effect on litter size. However, interbirth intervals are shorter for wild‐born than captive‐born females. The relatively smaller burden of infant care that results from having smaller litters may allow wild‐born females to sustain the next pregnancy sooner. Reproduction in the Brazilian captive population is highly seasonal for both wild‐born females and females born in captivity in Brazil. Changes in photoperiod over a year provide a proximate explanation for changes in the proportion of conceptions and births per month. Outside Brazil, breeding occurs year‐round, and no clear birth peak is apparent. Information from field reports that could be used to relate this finding to ecological factors, such as resource availability, is unavailable. Am. J. Primatol. 60:123–137, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional significance of cortical bone distribution in anthropoid mandibles: An in vitro assessment of bone strain under combined loads
Authors: Daegling David J. , Hotzman Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLocal variation in cortical bone thickness in the postcanine mandibular corpus appears to be stereotypical among anthropoids. Specifically, at sections under the molars, lingually situated cortical bone is typically thinner than that along the lateral aspect. This pattern applies despite phylogenetic, dietary, and allometric differences among the anthropoids sampled to date. Demes et al. (Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates [1984] New York: Plenum Press, p. 369–390) employed a theoretical analysis of mastication in Gorilla and Homo to argue that this pattern could be explained with reference to biomechanical stresses. Specifically, they proposed that the combined effects of torsion and direct shear on the working‐side corpus create a condition in which net stresses and strains are reduced along the lingual cortical plate. Demonstration of this effect would suggest a functional linkage between localized differences in bone mass and strain gradients in the facial skeleton. We conducted an empirical evaluation of the effects of the combined loads of torsion and direct shear in vitro on a sample of formalin‐fixed human mandibles. Rosette strain gages were affixed to the lateral and medial aspects of the corpus in each specimen, and surface strains were recorded separately under controlled torsional and occlusal loads, and under simultaneous application of these loads. The hypothesis that lingual strains are reduced under combined twisting and occlusal loads was generally supported; however, we observed reduction in surface strains at some sites along the lateral aspect of the corpus under these combined loads as well. These unexpected findings are attributable to unanticipated loading conditions imposed by occlusal forces, which result from sources of stress in addition to direct shear. These experiments provide provisional support for the hypothesis that superposed sources of bone strain produce large strain gradients between buccal and lingual aspects of the mandibular corpus, and that local variation in bone mass may be associated with these gradients. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dental caries and antemortem tooth loss in the Northern Peten area, Mexico: A biocultural perspective on social status differences among the Classic Maya
Authors: Cucina Andrea , Tiesler Vera 
Published: August 2003

AbstractDental caries and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) are investigated in a Classic Maya sample obtained from the sites of Calakmul, Dzibanché, and Kohunlich (Mexico). This study aims at assessing the effect that sex and social status had on the prevalence of oral pathologies. The lack of a direct relationship between caries, AMTL, and age‐at‐death led us to interpret the results in terms of the biological, socioeconomic, and behavioral conditions prevailing in these ancient Maya settlements. Benefits related to sex and social status are evident in the frequency of carious lesions, which appear less frequently in elite males than in low‐status individuals of both sexes and in elite females. Individuals from problematic mortuary contexts and isolated bone assemblages, who could not be ascribed to any status group, showed the highest rates of caries. Sex discrimination in dietary preferences appears in the elite sample, while the homogeneity encountered between sexes in the low‐status segment suggests a more uniform access to resources. Tooth loss clearly distinguishes elite individuals from commoners, regardless of sex, with the former bearing a much higher rate of loss. In individuals from the undefined mortuary assemblages and sacrificial contexts, it was even more pronounced than in the other groups, although its interpretation is problematic due to a lack of associated funerary data. The overall evidence from oral pathologies is interpreted to be the result of deficient oral hygiene coupled with a softer and more refined diet in the high‐status population, particularly males. Whereas elite males' subsistence was apparently based more on animal proteins and relatively soft and refined foods, a diet relying on carbohydrates may account for the observed rate of oral pathologies in elite females and commoners. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of major histocompatibility complex class II compartments in cortical thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Arudchelvan Yamini , Nishimura Yukio , Tokuda Nobuko , Sawada Tomoo , Ueyama Yoshiya , Fukumoto Tetsuo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPrevious studies have concentrated on elucidating the subcellular localization of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules mainly in B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Despite very rich cell‐surface expression of MHC class II molecules by cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs), little is known regarding the expression of these molecules by cTECs at the subcellular level. In the present study we focused on the identification and characterization of MHC class II compartments (MIICs) in cTECs in situ by immunogold electron microscopy (IEM). We found that MHC class II molecules were located exclusively in the cytoplasmic vacuoles, and we identified these MHC class II molecule‐containing cytoplasmic vacuoles as MIICs in cTECs. These MIICs were immunopositive for early endosomal, late endosomal, and lysosomal markers. Moreover, in these MIICs, MHC class II molecules were colocalized with cathepsin L, H2‐DM, class II‐associated invariant chain (Ii), and class II‐associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP). Similarly, Ii molecules were colocalized with endosomal and lysosomal markers, cathepsin L, and H2‐DM in the vacuoles. Taken together, these results suggest that MIICs in cTECs represent conventional endocytic compartments. The colocalization of MHC class II molecule or Ii with cathepsin L and H2‐DM in the MIICs suggests that MIICs in cTECs may be sites of Ii degradation and peptide loading. Anat Rec Part A 274A:798–806, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatiotemporal pattern of commitment to slowed proliferation in the embryonic mouse heart indicates progressive differentiation of the cardiac conduction system
Authors: Sedmera David , Reckova Maria , DeAlmeida Angela , Coppen Steven R. , Kubalak Steven W. , Gourdie Robert G. , Thompson Robert P. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPatterns of DNA synthesis in the developing mouse heart between ED7.5–18.5 were studied by a combination of thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine labeling techniques. From earliest stages, we found zones of slow myocyte proliferation at both the venous and arterial poles of the heart, as well as in the atrioventricular region. The labeling index was distinctly higher in nonmyocardial populations (endocardium, epicardium, and cardiac cushions). Ventricular trabeculae showed lower proliferative activity than the ventricular compact layer after their appearance at ED9.5. Low labeling was observed in the pectinate muscles of the atria from ED11.5. The His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fiber network likewise were distinguished by their lack of labeling. Thymidine birthdating (label dilution) showed that the cells in these emerging components of the cardiac conduction system terminally differentiated between ED8.5–13.5. These patterns of slowed proliferation correlate well with those in other species, and can serve as a useful marker for the forming conduction system. Anat Rec Part A 274A:773–777, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the development of periodontal Ruffini endings
Authors: Hoshino Natalia , Harada Fumiko , Alkhamrah Bashar Anas , Aita Megumi , Kawano Yoshiro , Hanada Kooji , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe periodontal Ruffini ending has been reported to show immunoreactivity for tyrosine kinase B (trkB), the high‐affinity receptor for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the periodontal ligament of the rat incisor. Furthermore, adult heterozygous BDNF‐mutant mice showed malformation and reduction of the periodontal Ruffini endings. To investigate further roles of BDNF in these structures, the development, distribution, and terminal morphology of Ruffini endings were examined in the incisor periodontal ligament of heterozygous and homozygous BDNF mutant mice, as well as in the wild‐type littermate by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a general neuronal marker. A similar distribution and terminal formation of PGP 9.5‐immunoreactive nerve fibers was recognized in the periodontal ligament of all phenotypes at postnatal week (PW) 1. At this stage, the nerve fibers had a beaded appearance, but did not form the periodontal Ruffini endings. At PW2, the heterozygous and wild‐type mice started to show ramified nerve fibers resembling the mature shape of periodontal Ruffini endings. At PW3, the Ruffini endings occurred in the periodontal ligament of the wild‐type and heterozygous mice. While the Ruffini endings of the wild‐type mice appeared either ruffled or smooth, as reported previously, most of these structures showed a smooth outline in the heterozygous mice. The homozygous mice lacked the typical Ruffini endings at PW3. In the quantitative analysis, homozygous mice had the smallest percentages of PGP 9.5‐immunoreactive areas at the same postnatal periods, but there were no significant differences between wild‐type and heterozygous mice during PW1–3. These findings suggest a possible involvement of BDNF during the postnatal development and, in particular, the maturation of periodontal Ruffini endings. Furthermore, other neurotrophins may play a role in the development and/or early maturation of the periodontal nerve fibers, as indicated by the presence of nerve fibers in the BDNF‐homozygous mice. Anat Rec Part A 274A:807–816, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional differences in cortical bone organization and microdamage prevalence in Rocky Mountain mule deer
Authors: Skedros John G. , Sybrowsky Christian L. , Parry Todd R. , Bloebaum Roy D. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe limb bones of cursorial mammals may exhibit regional structural/material variations for local mechanical requirements. For example, it has been hypothesized that mineral content (%ash) and secondary osteon population density (OPD) progressively change from proximal (e.g., humerus) to distal (e.g., phalanx), in accordance with corresponding progressive changes in stress and mechanical/metabolic cost of functional use (both greatest in the distal limb). We tested this hypothesis in wild‐shot Rocky Mountain mule deer by examining transverse segments from mid‐diaphyses of medial proximal phalanges, principal metacarpals, radii, and humeri, as well as the lateral aspects of sixth ribs from each of 11 mature males. Quantified structural parameters included the section modulus (Z), polar moment of inertia (J), cortical area/total area ratio (CA/TA), bone girth, and cortical thickness. In addition, %ash and the prevalence of in vivo microcracks were measured in each bone. Thin sections from seven animals were further examined for OPD and population densities of new remodeling events (NREs). Results showed a significant progressive decrease in %ash from the humerus (75.4% ± 0.9%) to the phalanx (69.4% ± 1.1%) (P < 0.0001), with general proximal‐to‐distal increases in OPD and general decreases in J and Z. Thirteen microcracks were identified in the rib sections, and only two were observed in the limb bones. Although the ribs had considerably greater NREs, no significant differences in NREs were found between the limb bones, indicating that they had similar remodeling rates. Equivalent microcrack prevalence, but nonequivalent structural/material organization, suggests that there are regional adaptations that minimize microcrack production in locations with differences in loading conditions. The progressive proximal‐to‐distal decrease in %ash (up to 6%); moderate‐to‐high correlations between OPD, %ash, J, and CA/TA; and additional moderate‐to‐high correlations of these parameters with each bone's radius of gyration support the possibility that these variations are adaptations for regional loading conditions. Anat Rec Part A 274A:837–850, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidized LDL induces transcription factor activator protein‐1 in rat mesangial cells
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Long , Wang Yuan‐Cheng , Zhou Qin , Ge Yu‐Qiang , Lan Yang 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIt has been shown that oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), through the activation of glomerular cells, stimulates pathobiological processes involved in monocyte infiltration into the mesangium. The underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study showed that ox‐LDL strongly induced AP‐1 binding activity in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reaching the maximal activation at 250 μg ml−1 within 24 h. The results from mobility shift assays and Western blotting analysis revealed that this AP‐1 binding increase involved c‐Jun, but not c‐Fos. Moreover, this ox‐LDL‐increased AP‐1 binding was inhibited by several protein kinase (PK) inhibitors: the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Bisindolylmaleimide I, the cAMP‐dependent PK (PKA) inhibitor H89, and the tyrosine PK (PTK) inhibitor genistein. Protein phosphorylation represents mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Therefore, we examined the role of ox‐LDL on the activation of mesangial cell JNK/SAPK, the only recognized protein kinase that catalyses phosphorylation of c‐Jun. The incubation of mesangial cells with ox‐LDL induced phosphorylation of JNK1/SAPK dose dependently, with the maximal response at 150 μg ml−1. This study demonstrates that multiple kinase activities are involved in the mechanism of ox‐LDL‐induced AP‐1 activation in mesangial cells, and ox‐LDL stimulates AP‐1 through JNK‐c‐Jun other than MEK‐c‐Fos signalling pathway. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of intracellular distribution and apoptosis involvement of the Ufd1l gene product by over‐expression studies
Authors: Amati Francesca , Condò Ivano , Conti Emanuela , Sangiuolo Federica , Dallapiccola Bruno , Testi Roberto , Novelli Giuseppe 
Published: August 2003

AbstractUFD1L is the human homologue of the yeast ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 (Ufd1) gene and maps on chromosome 22q11.2 in the typically deleted region (TDR) for DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndromes (DGS/VCFS). In yeast, Ufd1 protein is involved in a degradation pathway for ubiquitin fused products (UFD pathway). Several studies have demonstrated that Ufd1 is a component of the Cdc48‐Ufd1‐Npl4 multiprotein complex which is active in the recognition of several polyubiquitin‐tagged proteins and facilitates their presentation to the 26S proteasome for protein degradation or even more specific processing. The multiprotein complex Cdc48‐Ufd‐Npl4 is also active in mammalian cells. The biochemical role of UFD1L protein in human cells is unknown, even though the interaction between UFD1L and NPL4 proteins has been maintained. In order to clarify this issue, we examined the intracellular distribution of the protein in different mammalian cells and studied its involvement in the Fas and ceramide factors‐mediated apoptotic pathways. We established that in mammalian cells, Ufd1l is localized around the nucleus and that it does not interfere with Fas‐and ceramide‐mediated apoptosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of chiral recognition of bilayered phosphatidylcholine vesicles using a helicene probe:
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroko , Yoshida Maiko , Kobori Yuuki , Yamada Koh‐ichi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIncorporated into bilayered chiral phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, 2‐hydroxymethyl[5]thiaheterohelicene (5HM) having a labile helix that functioned as a chirality probe, exhibited induced CD absorptions. The Cotton effects of these absorptions demonstrated opposite signs according to the difference in chirality of PC applied, indicating the chiral recognition of the vesicles. The vesicles formed by PCs with unsaturation or acyl chains shorter than dipalmitoyl‐PC (DPPC) exhibited a slightly stronger CD absorptions of 5HM, presumably because of an increase in the constraint by the vesicles. The phenomenon that an increase in fluidity results in a decrease in the CD intensity was examined by CD measurements at various temperatures. The vesicles formed with egg lecithin and bovine heart lecithin also induced CD absorptions of 5HM similar to those of (L)PC vesicles. The influence of cholesterol (Cho) and four kinds of analogs with different structures at the 3‐ or 5‐position of a Cho molecule on the CD intensities was investigated. Following addition of Cho, the CD intensities of 5HM decreased slightly in the (L)DPPC vesicles and increased moderately in the (D)DPPC vesicles. On the other hand, by addition of Cho analogs the CD intensities of 5HM were nearly unchanged in (L)DPPC vesicles and weakened moderately in the (D)DPPC vesicles. Chirality 15:703–708, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are patient and therapist characteristics associated with the use of defence interpretation in brief dynamic psychotherapy?
Authors: Hersoug Anne Grete , Bøgwald Kjell‐Petter , Høglend Per 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPatient and therapist characteristics were explored as predictors of the use of defence interpretation in non‐manualized brief dynamic therapy (N = 38, max 40 sessions). Therapist interventions were rated with the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale in an early session (7th) and in the mid‐phase of therapy (16th session). Low quality of patients' interpersonal relationships (rated with Dynamic Scales) was associated with more interpretation early in the therapy. Therapists with greater experience gave more interpretation. The combination of more maladaptive defensive functioning (rated with Defence Mechanism Rating Scales) and low quality of working alliance was associated with a high proportion of interpretation. Differences between individual therapists accounted for 35% of the variance in interpretation early in therapy and 42% in the mid‐phase. Therapists gave significantly more interpretation in the mid‐phase compared to early in the therapy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.