bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and biological activity of ethanolic leaf extract from Tillandsia usneoides in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rojas Laura , Lasso Paola , Murillo Natalia , Costa Geison M. , Fiorentino Susana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Medicinal plants constitute a valuable reservoir for discovering novel therapeutic compounds that target leukemia and various other forms of cancer. Plants of the genus Tillandsia, such as T. recurvata, have different ethnobotanical uses, including the treatment of hemorrhoids, gastritis, arthritis, ulcers, sore throats, cancer, and diabetes. Specifically, T. usneoides has been used by the indigenous Zenúes in the Urabá region for diabetes management. However, few studies have been published on T. usneoides. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of T. usneoides extracts and evaluate their biological activity in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia. The chemical composition of the extracts and fractions were analyzed by chromatographic techniques revealed the presence of cycloartane-type triterpenes and methoxylated flavonoids. The in vitro cytotoxic effects on the breast cancer (4T1 and MCF-7), melanoma (B16-F10), and leukemia (K562 and DA-3/ER-GM) cell lines of the ethanolic extract and fractions were evaluated. Furthermore, T. usneoides extract decreased the proliferation rate of DA-3/ER-GM cells, as well as their glucose consumption, and exerted a pro-oxidant effect. Despite the in vitro cytotoxic effects exerted on the murine leukemia cell line, the ethanolic extract of T. usneoides did not exhibit antitumor activity in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia, which suggests that ex vivo analysis has no direct correlation with the in vivo effect. This observation also highlights the role of the microenvironment in regulating the activity of antitumor molecules, particularly the extract studied here. Therefore, for the development of phytomedicines, as for other antitumor molecules, extensive in vitro and in vivo analyzes are warranted to demonstrate the various interactions necessary to control tumor growth.
Digital but not crypto: possible design pitfalls and rebound effects for green monetary policy using central bank digital currency
Authors: Stöckel Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the role of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) in the context of central banks' efforts to green the financial system. It underscores the importance of CBDC design, particularly cautioning against the use of blockchain technology due to its energy-intensive nature. The argument posits that a conventional database is a more environmentally sustainable choice for CBDCs. The article provides a structured discussion on the background, theoretical considerations, climate-friendly interventions, and the potential impact of CBDCs. It aims to contribute to the ongoing debate by emphasizing the need for clear design choices in CBDC discussions, given the environmental concerns associated with certain technologies.
The number of individuals alive in a branching process given only times of deaths
Authors: Ball Frank , Neal Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of many population growth models is complicated by only partial observation of the underlying stochastic process driving the model. For example, in an epidemic outbreak we might know when individuals show symptoms to a disease and are removed, but not when individuals are infected. Motivated by the above example and the long-established approximation of epidemic processes by branching processes, we explore the number of individuals alive in a time-inhomogeneous branching process with a general phase-type lifetime distribution given only (partial) information on the times of deaths of individuals. Deaths are detected independently with a detection probability that can vary with time and type. We show that the number of individuals alive immediately after the kth detected death can be expressed as the mixture of random variables each of which consists of the sum of k independent zero-modified geometric distributions. Furthermore, in the case of an Erlang lifetime distribution, we derive an easy-to-compute mixture of negative binomial distributions as an approximation of the number of individuals alive immediately after the kth detected death.
Revisiting Keynes’ predictions about work and leisure: A discussion of fundamental questions about the nature of modern work
Authors: Kaplan Seth A. , Aitken John A. , Allan Blake A. , Alliger George M. , Ballard Timothy , Zacher Hannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nearly 100 years ago, economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that, by today, technological advancements would allow the workweek to dwindle to just 15 hours, or 3 hours per day, and that the real problem of humanity would be filling their time with leisure. Although much has changed in the world of work since this prediction, such a drastic change has not taken place. In this article, several industrial-organizational psychology scholars discuss why this is the case. Why do we continue to work as much as we do, and how might that change? More fundamentally, what do these trends, contra Keynes’ prediction, tell us about the nature of work itself? We use this discussion to propose several research directions regarding the nature of work and how it might change in the future. We depict the phenomenon of working hours as multilevel in nature, and we consider both the positive and negative possible implications of working less than we do now.
Expert Stakeholder Perspectives on Emerging Technology for Neuroimaging Research with Highly Portable MRI: The Need for Guidance on Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues
Authors: Madzelan Molly K. , Lawrenz Frances , Wolf Susan M. , Shen Francis X. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPortable MRI (pMRI) technology, which promises to transform brain imaging research by facilitating scanning in new geographic areas and the participation of new, diverse populations, raises many ethical, legal, and societal issues (ELSI). To understand this emerging pMRI ELSI landscape, we surveyed expert stakeholder views on ELSI challenges and solutions associated with pMRI research.
A Regulatory Roadmap for Repurposing: Comparing Pathways for Making Repurposed Drugs Available In The EU, UK, And US
Authors: Scholte Mirre , Bendicksen Liam , Grimm Sabine E. , Abu-Zahra Teebah , Pauly Bianca , Joore Manuela , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo help academic and non-profit investigators interested in drug repurposing navigate regulatory approval processes, we compared pathways for repurposed drugs to obtain approval at EMA, UK MHRA, and the US FDA. Though we found no pathways specifically for repurposed drugs, pathways to market are available in all repurposing scenarios.
OSL dating of glacial outburst flood deposits in NE Poland and their bleaching problem inferred from the landform-sediment associations and regional context
Authors: Kalińska Edyta , Weckwerth Piotr , Alexanderson Helena , Piotrowski Jan A. , Wysota Wojciech 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A continental-type glacial flood termed the Suwałki megafloods took place in NE Poland during the last glaciation and significantly transformed the proglacial area. This study aims, for the first time, to establish the chronology of this flood. Twenty-two sediment samples from two meltwater spillways were dated by optically stimulated luminescence. Sixteen ages from the flood megadunes are between 83 ± 11 ka and 16.9 ± 0.9 ka, whereas six ages from the outwash tracks range from 71.5 ± 9.9 ka to 20.3 ± 2.5 ka. Three dates from the uppermost part of the megadune sedimentary successions are 16.9 ± 0.9 ka, 17.9 ± 1.9 ka, and 18.8 ± 1.3 ka, and they may mark the likely true age of the Suwałki megafloods. We found no consistent relationships between the sedimentary structures and bleaching characteristics suggesting that the two are largely independent, contrary to what is typically assumed for fluvial deposits. Similarly, the transport distance from the ice margin did not exert a consistent influence on the sediment bleaching characteristics. A new hypothesis considers the stage of flooding to have a relevant impact on sediment bleaching: sediment deposited during the flood waning is well bleached and has a high potential for constraining the flood age.
Lethal and sublethal effects of selected bacterial and neem-based novel insecticides on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii and the predator, Coccinella septempunctata
Authors: Shannag Hail Kamel , Al-Salman Aseel Atallah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of two novel Betaproteobacteria-based insecticides (Burkholderia spp. strain A396 as Venerate® XC; Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1 as Grandevo® WDG) and two neem-based insecticides (1.2% azadirachtin A and B as Azatrol and 3% azadiractin as Molt-X) on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and its natural enemy, Coccinella septempunctata. Aphids were given both residual and direct treatments, i.e. exposed to residues applied by leaf dipping, or by spraying the insects and foliage, while the predator was treated directly with insecticides. Well-established spirotetramat (Movento® 240 SC) was used as standard due to its effectiveness against a wide range of pests, its unique mode of action, and its systemic properties. All insecticides were effective against aphid mostly in concentration-dependent manner, as do exposure time, but at different magnitudes. Spirotetramat and Azatrol induced the highest toxicity to adult aphids, while spirotetramat and Molt-X were more noxious to aphid nymphs. C. subtsugae and Burkholderia were less effective, inducing only moderate levels of aphid mortality. Azatrol and spirotetramat were more detrimental to the fecundity of aphid compared to other products. Insecticides significantly increased the development time of nymphs surviving exposure to insecticides, except Burkholderia. Azatrol were more destructive to eggs, larvae and adult of Coccinella septempunctata, together with spirotetramat for young larvae and adults, relative to other treatment. The development time of predator larvae remained unaffected by treatment. New Betaproteobacteria- and neem-based insecticides except Azatrol seem to be a promising tool to suppress population of Aphis gossypii and integrate pest management programmes.
Adopt process-oriented models (if they're more useful)
Authors: Schuetze Brendan A. , Rutten Luke D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Though we see the potential for benefits from the development of process-oriented approaches, we argue that it falls prey to many of the same critiques raised about the existing construct level of analysis. The construct-level approach will likely dominate motivation research until we develop computational models that are not only accurate, but also broadly usable.
Stronger Evidence of a Subsurface Ocean Within Callisto From a Multifrequency Investigation of Its Induced Magnetic Field
Authors: Cochrane Corey J. , Vance Steven D. , Castillo‐Rogez Julie C. , Styczinski Marshall J. , Liuzzo Lucas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe magnetometer investigation of the Galileo mission used the phenomenon of magnetic induction to produce the most compelling evidence that subsurface oceans exist within our solar system. Although there is high certainty that the induced field measured at Europa is attributed to a global‐scale subsurface ocean, there is still uncertainty around the possibility that the induced field measured at Callisto is evidence of an ocean. This uncertainty is due to the presence of a conductive ionosphere, which will also produce an induction signal in response to Jupiter's strong time‐varying magnetic field. Therefore, it is not yet known whether the observed induced field is attributable to the ionosphere, an ocean, or a combination of both. In this work, we use previously published simulations of Callisto's plasma interaction in combination with both an inverse and an ensemble forward modeling method to highlight the plausible range of interior properties of Callisto. We further constrain the ocean thickness and conductivity, ice shell thickness, and ionospheric conductivity that are required to explain the Galileo magnetometer observations. This is the first study to jointly consider all flybys to constrain the driving field and three flybys (C03, C09, and C10) to assess the induction response. Our results suggest that Callisto's response more likely arises from the combination of a thick conductive ocean and an ionosphere rather than from an ionosphere alone.
The Contrasting Roles of Land and Oceanic Moisture Contributions to Summer Rainfall Over the Southeastern United States
Authors: Sala C. M. , Zorzetto E. , Li L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSummer precipitation in the Southeast United States (SEUS) is classified into three categories—light, moderate, and heavy—using a Bayesian statistical model. We find that heavy rainfall events explain most of the interannual variance of summertime cumulative precipitation in the region, influencing regional hydroclimate patterns. For each rainfall category, we track the respective moisture sources using the 2‐Layers Water Accounting Model driven by reanalysis data. We find that the Atlantic Ocean is the primary moisture source across all rainfall categories and becomes more important with increasing rainfall intensity. Conversely, land moisture contributions decrease with rainfall intensity. In the case of heavy rainfall, the moisture originating from the Atlantic Ocean is transported to the SEUS via a southeastward positioning of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) Western Ridge. The ample supply of moisture fluxes is further propelled by reduced surface pressure which promotes ascending motion in the SEUS. Analysis of mid‐troposphere circulation indicates that this anomalous low‐pressure might stem from wave trains originating over the North Pacific Ocean. Thus, heavy rainfall events involve increased Atlantic Ocean moisture fluxes directed by the NASH to the SEUS, which, in turn, is modulated by anomalous atmospheric circulation produced over the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, we observe that the heavy and moderate (light) rainfall event frequency has increased (decreased) by five days throughout the 1970–2019 analysis period.
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Weakening Warmed the Southern Tibetan Plateau in Spring During the 8.2 ka Cold Event
Authors: Zhang Xiaojian , Chen Chunzhu , Zhao Wenwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPast North Atlantic abrupt cold events have the potential to provide insights into the future climatic response to the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This study explores spring temperature changes on the southern Tibetan Plateau during the 8.2 ka cold event through simulations forced by North Atlantic freshwater hosing. Simulation results reveal anomalous warming on the southern Tibetan Plateau due to hosing‐induced AMOC slowdown. This warming was primary caused by the increase of net solar flux and the presence of an anomalous warm anticyclone over the Tibetan Plateau. The enhanced net solar flux resulted from the decrease in snowfall, which led to a reduction in albedo. The snowfall was mainly reduced by the decrease in westerly moisture transport, resulting from weakened lower‐level westerlies induced by AMOC‐driven climate variabilities over the North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean. The warm anticyclone was induced by the anomalous vertical northerly shear over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which resulted from enhanced diabatic heating released by Asian monsoon rainfall. Asian monsoon rainfall increased due to anomalous lower‐level cyclone over the tropical Indian Ocean. This anomalous cyclone was induced by the Mastuno‐Gill response over the tropical Indian Ocean and amplified by a wave train propagating from the North Atlantic, both of which were resulted from the AMOC slowdown. The AMOC weakening is likely to play an important role in the recent and ongoing amplification of spring warming on the southern Tibetan Plateau.
Impact Gardening Affects the Composition of Chang'e‐5 Lunar Soils
Authors: Su Yanze , Xu Luyuan , Zhu Meng‐Hua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe composition of lunar samples sheds light on the Moon's evolutional history. Analyses of Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) lunar soils showed <5% of foreign materials, significantly less than numerical predictions (∼10%). To address this inconsistency, we simulated the impact gardening process, accounting for distal ejecta, and tracked the compositional changes in the top 1 m layer at CE‐5 landing area over time. Our results show that impact gardening brings deeper local materials to the surface, leading to a mixture that reduces the distal ejecta proportion within the top 1 m layer from which the soils were collected. After 2.0 Gyr of impact gardening, most materials of the top 1 m layer originate from the upper layer (depth <30 m) of local basalts, with distal ejecta as a minor component (∼2.7 vol.%), consistent with CE‐5 soils analyses. Our results emphasize the profound influence of impact gardening on the composition of lunar soils.
Depth‐Distribution Patterns of Soil Organic Matter in the Tidal Marshes of the Venice Lagoon (Italy): Signatures of Depositional and Environmental Conditions
Authors: Puppin A. , Tognin D. , Ghinassi M. , Franceschinis E. , Realdon N. , Marani M. , D’Alpaos A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSalt marshes are depositional landforms lying at the upper margin of intertidal environments. They provide a diverse range of valuable ecosystem services and yet are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change and human pressure. Salt marshes are intrinsically dynamic environments, shaped by complex feedback between hydrodynamic, morphological, and biological processes. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) has a crucial role within salt marsh environments, as on the one hand, its accumulation contributes to the build‐up of marsh elevation which is necessary for marshes to keep pace with sea‐level rise, and on the other it supports the high carbon sink potential of wetlands. To better understand variations in SOM depth distribution and further comprehend SOM drivers, we analyzed soil organic content in 10 salt marshes of the microtidal Venice Lagoon from 60 sediment cores to the depth of 1 m, relating SOM spatial and vertical patterns to the temporal and spatial variability of depositional sub‐environments recorded in the study deposits. Our results suggest that changes in the depositional environment are of primary importance in determining organic matter depth distribution and caution is needed in SOM prediction at unsampled soil depths. We observed relationships between SOM vertical patterns and factors such as autochthonous and allochthonous organic inputs, sediment properties, relative sea level rise, fluvial inputs and wave action. Our findings emphasize the considerable carbon storage potential of marshes in intertidal environments and provide a conceptual framework for understanding the dynamics of SOM and their drivers, which can inform and enhance coastal management strategies.
How Does Pore Structure Affect the NMR Relaxation in Unsaturated Porous Media: A Simulation Study
Authors: Zhou Junwen , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMonitoring groundwater dynamics within the vadose zone is important for the investigation of many hydrological and ecological processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology can be utilized to reveal these dynamics due to its unique sensitivity to water. The correlation between water content and distribution with NMR signals (relaxation times and amplitude) aids in discerning water retention patterns in porous media. However, interpreting NMR data to understand unsaturated pore‐water dynamics is challenging due to complex pore environments and fluid‐rock‐air interactions. Especially, previous studies often misinterpret the increased amplitude of shorter relaxation T2 components of unsaturated T2 to erroneously imply that the small pore exceeds their maximum saturation capacity. We develop a simulation framework to accurately track pore‐water dynamics and NMR responses (T2 and T1‐T2) in unsaturated multi‐pore systems. Dual‐spherical and dual‐triangular pore systems with different pore size distributions modeled the imbibition process. Simulations clarified the decrease in shorter relaxation T2 components in unsaturated states, revealing that unsaturated macropores and saturated micropores can exhibit the same short relaxation times when their fluid volume to fluid occupied surface area ratio is identical. Our simulation also demonstrates that different pore shapes and pore size distributions lead to distinct unsaturated NMR signals. Furthermore, we propose a new method evaluating water distribution in various natural porous media at various saturations by interpreting experimental unsaturated NMR data. Our work enhances unsaturated NMR data interpretation, providing accurate insights into water distribution and pore structure in unsaturated porous media.
Comparing vasectomy techniques, recovery and complications: tips and tricks
Authors: Borrell Joseph A. , Gu Catherine , Ye Nancy , Mills Jesse N. , Andino Juan J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vasectomies are safe and effective, achieving up to 99.7% in sterilization, with complication rates around 1–2%. As vasectomy uptake rises, physicians should stay informed about counseling, isolation and occlusion techniques, post-op recovery, and associated risks and complications. Historically, pre-vasectomy counseling has been performed in-person, but recent literature has shown that telehealth is a viable alternative, and a physical exam may not be necessitated. With regard to vas isolation and occlusion, current international guidelines support a minimally invasive approach such as no-scalpel vasectomy with mucosal cautery and fascial interposition, as they are the most effective in achieving vasectomy success and have the lowest complication rates. After a vasectomy, patients should undergo a post-vasectomy semen analysis 8–16 weeks after the procedure to ensure severe non-motile oligozoospermia (≤100,000 non-motile sperm/mL) or azoospermia. While risks and complications from vas isolation and occlusion are rare, patients should be informed about the potential for hematomas, infections, postoperative pain, and vas recanalization. In the U.S, vasectomies have increased in utilization from previous years, likely in the setting of increased access to telehealth and restricted female reproductive access. This trend raises questions about future fertility options such as vasectomy reversals and highlights the need for informed decision-making.