bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing multicomponent, eHealth-based behaviour change support within a dietary intervention trial improves adherence to study-related behaviours in healthy young adults
Authors: Worthington Anna , Gillies Nicola , Hannaford Rina , Roy Rajshri , Braakhuis Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Behaviour change science is proposed to improve participant retention and enhance the validity of trials. However, researchers seldom systematically consider and implement behaviour change strategies within trials for this purpose. The objective of this article is to evaluate how an eHealth behaviour change support (BCS) program enhances young adults’ adherence to behaviours required within a dietary intervention.

Methods
The Nine Principles framework was used to develop BCS to implement across both arms of a 10-week randomised parallel-group intervention to enhance adherence to (i) eating healthily and (ii) reporting dietary intake. Key components of the BCS included access to a dietitian-led Facebook group, text reminders, and food delivery. Effectiveness was measured using the following analyses of the 78 participants who completed the study; pre-post change in targeted dietary habits over time using a subscore of the Healthy Diet Habits Index, questionnaire to assess change in perception of barriers to eating healthily over time, Facebook group engagement, and impact evaluation of the BCS. Participants received a dietary reporting score out of 100 to assess adherence across the 10 weeks.

Results
The total Healthy Diet Habits Index subscore out of 16 significantly increased from baseline to week 10 (10.6 ± 2.6 to 11.2 ± 2.6, p value < 0.05), driven primarily by an increase in vegetable consumption. Overall adherence to reporting was high across the 10 weeks, with the total population mean reporting score 90.4 ± 14.6 out of 100. Relatively low Facebook engagement was observed. Adding objects to the environment, prompts/cues and removing reward appeared to be effective components of the BCS for enhancing adherence to the target behaviours.

Conclusion
Using a behaviour change framework to support the design of randomised trials is a promising way to enhance participant adherence to study requirements that are typically considered burdensome, such as dietary reporting. It also enables researchers to identify and replicate effective components of BCS, including behaviour change techniques and modes of delivery. Further research into the use of different behaviour change frameworks for this purpose is warranted.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04869163; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04869163. (03/05/2021).
Cell jamming in a collagen-based interface assay is tuned by collagen density and proteolysis
Authors: Beunk Lianne , Wen Nan , van Helvert Sjoerd , Bekker Bram , Ran Lars , Kang Ross , Paulat Tom , Syga Simon , Deutsch Andreas , Friedl Peter , Wolf Katarina 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Tumor cell invasion into heterogenous interstitial tissues consisting of network-, channel- or rift-like architectures involves both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated tissue remodeling and cell shape adaptation to tissue geometry. Three-dimensional (3D) models composed of either porous or linearly aligned architectures have added to the understanding of how physical spacing principles affect migration efficacy; however, the relative contribution of each architecture to decision making in the presence of varying MMP availability is not known. Here, we developed an interface assay containing a cleft between two high-density collagen lattices, and we used this assay to probe tumor cell invasion efficacy, invasion mode and MMP dependence in concert. In silico modeling predicted facilitated cell migration into confining clefts independently of MMP activity, whereas migration into dense porous matrix was predicted to require matrix degradation. This prediction was verified experimentally, where inhibition of collagen degradation was found to strongly compromise migration into 3D collagen in a density-dependent manner, but interface-guided migration remained effective, occurring by cell jamming. The 3D interface assay reported here may serve as a suitable model to better understand the impact of in vivo-relevant interstitial tissue topologies on tumor invasion patterning and responses to molecular interventions.
Determining the causal factors affecting the survival of young plantations in Udayapur, Nepal
Authors: AYER SANTOSH , BHANDARI YUBRAJ , GAUTAM ANUPA , GAUTAM JEETENDRA 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Ayer S, Bhandari Y, Gautam A, Gautam J. 2023. Determining the causal factors affecting the survival of young plantations in Udayapur, Nepal. Asian J For 7: 93-99. The plantation is a form of land management and rehabilitation to reverse land degradation, and the survival rate of seedlings is a critical factor for a successful plantation. This study aimed to investigate the survival rate of seedlings in ten plantation sites in Udayapur District, Nepal and identify the major causes of seedling mortality and stunted growth. Planting was done in April/May of 2020 and the total count of the seedlings was done in January/February 2021. Square plots of 5m x 5m each were used for inventory using systematic random sampling with 0.1% sampling intensity. Direct field observation and interviews with officials, heralu, and community forest users were conducted to identify reasons behind seedlings' mortality and stunted growth. The results showed that the overall survival rate of seedlings in the study site was 36.02%. However, site-wise survival rates varied significantly, with Paluwatar CF having the highest survival rate of 87.73% and Sunkoshi CF having the lowest survival rate of 10.76%. Species-wise survival rates also varied, with Syzygium cumini having the highest survival rate of 80% and Cassia siamea having the lowest survival rate of 5.55%. The major causes of seedling mortality were found to be soil composition and quality (38%), drought (27%), and plant diseases (12%). In addition, carelessness during handling, transportation, and after plantation (21%) were identified as the major causes of stunted growth. This study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting seedling survival and growth in a plantation site, which can be used to guide future plantation efforts. However, further research is needed to understand the complex interactions between different factors better and develop effective strategies for improving seedling survival and growth.
Thinning of ’Golden Delicious’ apples with the combination of ethephon and CPPU
Authors: Stopar Matej 
Published: November 2023

A synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron (CPPU) 5 ppm was sprayed at the time of petal fall (PF) on eight years old ’Golden Delicious’/M.9 apple trees with the aim of enlarging the fruit growth. Since CPPU is not recognized as a thinning agent which increases the return bloom, a low dose of ethephon was sprayed on CPPU treated trees to enhance flower bud formation and increase flowering in the next season. Ethephon was applied in successive treatments (alone or in the combination with CPPU) 3 x 30 ppm or 5 x 50 ppm, starting at PF, and continued in week intervals. The single application of CPPU 5 ppm or the combination of ethephon 3 x 30 ppm with CPPU 5 ppm decreased the fruit set and enhanced the fruit growth to reach the commercial demand. The combination spraying of ethephon 5 x 50 ppm + CPPU 2 x 5 ppm resulted in a too strong thinning response while the yield of bigger size fruit was not enhanced. Thealone application of ethephon 3 x 30 ppm had no influence on the fruit thinning or fruit weight while the application ofethephon 5 x 50 ppm reduced the fruit set but, consequently, did not enhance the fruit growth. None of the treatments influenced the return bloom.
SGLT‐2 inhibitors enhance the effect of metformin to ameliorate hormonal changes and inflammatory markers in a rat PCOS model
Authors: Mahmoud Manal Moustafa , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Soliman Somia Abdulatif , Sayed Safaa Mostafa , Kamel Omneya , Kamar Samaa Samir , Hussien Rania El Sayed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic disorder affecting females. The management of PCOS is challenging and current interventions are not enough to deal with all consequences of this syndrome. We explored the beneficial effect of combined sodium glucose co transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT‐2i); (empagliflozin) and metformin on hormonal and metabolic parameters in an animal model of PCOS and insulin resistance (IR). Forty adult female Wistar rats divided into five groups: control, PCOS‐IR, PCOS‐IR treated with metformin, PCOS‐IR treated with empagliflozin, and PCOS‐IR treated with combined metformin and empagliflozin. Single modality treatment with metformin or empagliflozin yielded significant improvement in body mass index, insulin resistance, lipid profile, sex hormones, inflammatory markers, and ovarian cystic follicles. Combined metformin with empagliflozin expressed further significant improvement in sex hormones, inflammatory markers with disappearance of ovarian cystic follicles. The superior significant improvement with combined treatment over the single modality was in line with significant improvement in the ovarian AMPKα‐SIRT1 expression.
Long-term unialgal seaweed cultivation in artificial seawater without water change. I. Laboratory investigations of Ulva
Authors: Lüning Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unialgal stock cultures for seeding the tank water can be used for the mass cultivation of seaweeds in artificial seawater, as in microalgal mass cultivation. High costs for artificial sea salt mixtures and distilled water would be required, however, to use artificial seawater in big tanks for commercial purposes, but frequent medium changes may not be required, since the major ions contained in artificial seawater, such as sodium, will barely be utilised by the cultured algae during long periods of time, even over years. Similar growth rates were obtained at the start and end of an experiment conducted with Ulva pseudocurvata cultivated unialgally for two years without water change, at a low algal density and with weekly addition of Provasoli Enrichment. Growth in this experiment was increasingly impeded due to gamete swarming events causing dark greenish water every few weeks. The experimental water had then to be boiled in order to kill the gametes. In a second experiment, this time performed at a high algal density, maximum yield values were 20–30 g fresh weight m−2 d−1, both for 2-year-old and newly prepared artificial seawater. These results verified the hypothesis that long-term Ulva cultivation in artificial seawater is possible without frequent medium changes.
A new reverse half-discrete Hilbert-type inequality with one partial sum involving one derivative function of higher order
Authors: Liao Jianquan , Yang Bicheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, a new reverse half-discrete Hilbert-type inequality with one partial sum involving one derivative function of higher order is obtained, by using the weight functions, the mid-value theorem, and the techniques of real analysis. A few equivalent statements of the best possible constant factor related to several parameters are considered. As applications, the equivalent forms and some particular inequalities are provided.
Cell type-targeting nanoparticles in treating central nervous system diseases: Challenges and hopes
Authors: Guo Shanshan , Yi Chun-Xia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Effective and safe pharmacotherapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders remain a major obstacle to human health worldwide. Nanotechnology offers promise in addressing this challenge by enabling the transport of large molecules across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the delivery of multiple drugs. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of nanodrugs in animal models of various CNS disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, lysosomal storage disease, and gliomas. Nanoparticles (NPs), tailor-made to enhance drug enrichment locally and promote extended drug release, can prevent neuronal death, decrease neurotoxicity, and inhibit tumor growth. In addition to drug delivery, gene therapy using nanotechnology has emerged as a potentially curative option for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize how NPs have successfully crossed the BBB and specifically targeted different cells in various CNS disease models over the past decade. Although nanotechnology holds great promise, several drawbacks and challenges must be addressed before its effective implementation in the treatment of CNS diseases.
Broadband Internet and Crime
Authors: Masiero Ilaria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper empirically investigates the impact of broadband diffusion on crime. I employ state-level data on high-speed Internet penetration and criminal activity in the United States from 2000 to 2012. To tackle the endogeneity of broadband diffusion, I rely on a set of technologically motivated instrumental variables. The outcomes show that the impact of high-speed Internet diffusion on crime is negative and it is not significant for more severe offenses. Concerning the underlying mechanism, I find support for the hypothesis that the broadband-driven crime reduction occurs through a voluntary incapacitation effect, as people change their leisure time allocation by spending more time at home and off the streets. This in turn reduces the availability of criminal opportunities – and crime levels. Finally, my results suggest that the voluntary incapacitation effect concerns both sides of criminal interactions.
Qualitative Study of Barriers and Facilitators to Care Among Children in Immigrant Families
Authors: Masciale Marina , DiValerio Gibbs Karen , Asaithambi Rathi , Murillo Mariana Carretero , Espinoza-Candelaria Gabriela , Jaramillo Maria , Domínguez José , Haq Heather , Fredricks Karla , Lopez Michelle A. , Bocchini Claire 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVESChildren in immigrant families comprise ∼25% of US children and live in families with high levels of poverty and food insecurity. Studies suggest a decline in public benefit enrollment among children in immigrant families. We aimed to explore perspectives on barriers and facilitators in accessing care among immigrant caregivers of hospitalized children.METHODSWith a general qualitative descriptive design, we developed a semistructured interview guide using an iterative process informed by literature and content expertise. Using purposive sampling, we recruited immigrant caregivers of hospitalized children in March 2020 and conducted interviews in English or Spanish. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated to English. Three authors coded transcripts using Dedoose and identified themes via thematic analysis.RESULTSAnalysis of 12 caregiver interviews revealed barriers and facilitators in accessing healthcare and public benefit use. Barriers included healthcare system barriers, immigration-related fear, and racism and discrimination. Within healthcare system barriers, subthemes included language barriers, cost, complexity of resource application, and lack of guidance on available benefits. Within immigration-related fear, subthemes included fear of familial separation, fear of deportation, fear that benefit use affects immigration status, and provider distrust. Healthcare system facilitators of resource use included recruiting diverse workforces, utilizing language interpretation, guidance on benefit enrollment, legal services, and mental health services. Participants also recommended hospital partnership with trusted information sources, including media stations and low-cost clinics.CONCLUSIONSImmigrant caregivers of hospitalized children identified barriers and facilitators in access to care. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of caregiver-suggested interventions.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ОБРОБКИ АБРАЗИВНО-ПОВІТРЯНИМ СТРУМЕНЕМ РОБОЧИХ ПОВЕРХОНЬ ЛОПАТОК МОНОКОЛІС ЗАКРИТОГО ТИПУ, ОТРИМАНИХ АДИТИВНИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: Шашко Ю.А. 
Published: November 2023

Анотація. Застосування адитивних технологій для виробництва деталей в авіа- та ракетобудуванні з кожним роком набуває все більшого поширення, оскільки даний метод має ряд значних переваг в порівнянні з традиційними технологіями такими як штампування, лиття та механічна обробка та розглядається як альтернативний метод виготовлення. Однак адитивні технології нажаль мають вагомий і серйозний недолік, а саме отримання необхідної заданої шорсткості та якості поверхні виробів незалежно від їх просторового розташування. Застосування даного методу дозволяє виготовляти різні деталі ракетно-космічної техніки насамперед робочі колеса турбін з лопатками закритого типу на одному типі обладнання за значно коротший час. Однак не дивлячись на значні переваги адитивних технологій, актуальною залишається проблема шорсткості та забезпечення кінцевої якості поверхні незалежно від просторового розташування елементів деталі. Причиною цьому є обмежений доступ традиційного ріжучого інструменту типу фрез чи шліфувальних головок. Перспективним методом обробки робочих поверхонь лопаток турбін закритого типу є абразивно-струменева обробка (бластінг). Правильний вибір технологічних режимів може гарантувати забезпечення результатів струменевої обробки. Однак необхідність врахування значної кількості вхідних даних, а саме параметрів обладнання, абразивного струменя, фізико-механічних властивостей матеріалу та форми оброблюваних поверхонь виробів, а також відсутність чітких рекомендацій та технологічних даних суттєво ускладнюють процес.
Метою завданням є моделювання струменевої обробки лопаток моноколіс закритого типу з використанням програмної системи аналізу кінцевих елементів ANSYS CFX. У даній статті наведені результати чисельного моделювання обробки поверхонь закритих лопаток турбін та виявлення технологічних факторів, що впливають на шорсткість та якість поверхні середовищі стисненого повітря на зразках виготовлених зі сплаву Inconel 718.
Отримані результати будуть використані при розробці реального технологічного процесу обробки проточних частин лопаток закритого типу та подальше впровадження у виробництво.
Oral application of carvacrol, butyrate, ellagic acid, and 2′-fucosyl-lactose to mice suffering from acute campylobacteriosis – Results from a preclinical placebo-controlled intervention study
Authors: Mousavi Soraya , Busmann Lia V. , Bandick Rasmus , Shayya Nizar W. , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute campylobacteriosis caused by oral infections with the enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni represent serious threats to global human health. Since novel treatment options with safe and antibiotics-independent compounds would be highly appreciable, we here investigated the anti-bacterial and disease-alleviating effects of carvacrol, butyrate, ellagic acid, and 2′-fucosyl-lactose in acute murine campylobacteriosis. To address this, secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mice were perorally infected with C. jejuni and treated with either compound alone or all four in combination via the drinking water starting two days post-infection.ResultsOn day 6, the duodenal pathogen loads were lower in mice of the combination versus the vehicle treatment cohort. Importantly, mice treated with carvacrol and the combination presented with less distinct diarrheal symptoms, colonic histopathology, epithelial cell apoptosis, and immune cell responses when compared to vehicle counterparts on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, the combination treatment did not only diminish colonic IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretion in C. jejuni infected mice, but also dampened extra-intestinal and even systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations to basal levels as measured in liver, kidneys, lungs, and serum samples.ConclusionsOur preclinical placebo-controlled intervention trial provides evidence that the combined oral application of carvacrol, butyrate, ellagic acid, and 2′-fucosyl-lactose alleviates acute campylobacteriosis in the vertebrate host.
Effective Combination of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract on Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Susilowati Retno , Rohmanningrum Ulfa Maynisa 
Published: November 2023

High levels of free radicals in diabetic wounds often cause chronic inflammation. Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extracts are rich in antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory effects. Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extracts can also accelerate the reepithelialization process in wound healing. This study aimed to determine the combination of ethanol extract of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds on wound length and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and collagen density in the incision wound of diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin. T. This study used three types of controls, namely Normal (Normal mice, HPMC 3%), DM (Diabetic mice, HPMC 3%), and Iodine (Diabetic mice, Povidone Iodine 10%). Topical treatment with 70% ethanol extract ointment combined with Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum in various variations, namely N (20%:0%), T (0%:10%), NT (10%:5%), Observations of the wound healing process were carried out on 3rd, 7th and 14th day. Data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The study's results by observing the morphology of the wound length on day 7th day showed that the combination treatment of extracts of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum resulted in the shortest wound, which was significantly different from the wound in untreated diabetic mice. In addition, diabetic wounds without treatment showed infection, and on the contrary, the infection did not occur in wounds treated with a combination of extracts of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum. The results of wound histology observations showed that the combination treatment of extracts of Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum showed a decrease in inflammation which was indicated by a significant decrease in the number of neutrophil cells, macrophages, and accelerated reepithelialization of wound healing as indicated by a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts and collagen density since the third day of treatment.
Relación entre factores domésticos y asma en universitarios
Authors: Cervantes De La Torre Karol de Jesus , Parody-Muñoz Alexander Elías , Pulido-Iriarte Tammy , Cortés-Zepeda Rodrigo Neftalí 
Published: November 2023

El asma es una enfermedad que continúa en aumento y es causa de incapacidades. Su origen es multifactorial lo cual complica su estudio.Los gastos monetarios que se generan por su manejo ascienden a billones de dólares; esta enfermedad no es exclusiva de la infancia, ya que los jóvenes,muchas veces,al estar expuestos a sustancias dentro de su hogar pueden desarrollarla lo que deriva en deterioro de la calidad de vida.En el presente estudio se encuestó a 361jóvenes universitarios de tres programas profesionales en una Institución de Educación Superior en Barranquilla con el objetivo de determinar cuáles factores podrían desencadenarles la enfermedad. En el análisisvestadístico se realizaron prueba de Chi-cuadrado, valor p y Odds ratio. En los resultados se encontró que los factores que probablemente podrían predisponer a la aparición del asma son: empleo de detergentes, emociones fuertes y contacto con humo.