bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evidence for stem cell function of the slow-dividing fraction among human hematopoietic progenitor cells by genome-wide analysis
Authors: Wagner Wolfgang , Ansorge Alexandra , Wirkner Ute , Eckstein Volker , Schwager Christian , Blake Jonathon , Miesala Katrin , Selig Jan , Saffrich Rainer , Ansorge Wilhelm , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms that regulate asymmetric divisions of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are not yet understood. The slow-dividing fraction (SDF) of HPCs is associated with primitive function and self-renewal, whereas the fast-dividing fraction (FDF) predominantly proceeds to differentiation. CD34+/CD38– cells of human umbilical cord blood were separated into the SDF and FDF. Genomewide gene expression analysis of these populations was determined using the newly developed Human Transcriptome Microarray containing 51 145 cDNA clones of the Unigene Set-RZPD3. In addition, gene expression profiles of CD34+/CD38– cells were compared with those of CD34+/CD38+ cells. Among the genes showing the highest expression levels in the SDF were the following: CD133, ERG, cyclin G2, MDR1, osteopontin, CLQR1, IFI16, JAK3, FZD6, and HOXA9, a pattern compatible with their primitive function and self-renewal capacity. Furthermore, morphologic differences between the SDF and FDF were determined. Cells in the SDF have more membrane protrusions and CD133 is located on these lamellipodia. The majority of cells in the SDF are rhodamine-123dull. These results provide molecular evidence that the SDF is associated with primitive function and serves as basis for a detailed understanding of asymmetric division of stem cells.
Nonablative versus reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: dose is relevant for long-term disease control after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: de Lima Marcos , Anagnostopoulos Athanasios , Munsell Mark , Shahjahan Munir , Ueno Naoto , Ippoliti Cindy , Andersson Borje S. , Gajewski James , Couriel Daniel , Cortes Jorge , Donato Michele , Neumann Joyce , Champlin Richard , Giralt Sergio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIntensity of the preparative regimen is an important component of allogeneic transplantations for myelodysplasia (MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We compared outcomes after a truly nonablative regimen (120 mg/m2 fludarabine, 4 g/m2 cytarabine, and 36 mg/m2 idarubicin [FAI]) and a more myelosuppressive, reduced-intensity regimen (100 to 150 mg/m2 fludarabine and 140 or 180 mg/m2 melphalan [FM]). We performed a retrospective analysis of 94 patients with MDS (n = 26) and AML (n = 68) treated with FM (n = 62) and FAI (n = 32). The FAI group had a higher proportion of patients in complete remission (CR) at transplantation (44% versus 16%, P = .006), patients in first CR (28% versus 3%, P = .008), and HLA-matched sibling donors (81% versus 40%, P = .001). Median follow-up is 40 months. FM was significantly associated with a higher degree of donor cell engraftment, higher cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM; P = .036), and lower cumulative incidence of relapse-related mortality (P = .029). Relapse rate after FAI and FM was 61% and 30%, respectively. Actuarial 3-year survival rate was 30% after FAI and 35% following FM. In a multivariate analysis of patient- and treatment-related prognostic factors, progression-free survival was improved after FM, for patients in CR at transplantation, and for those with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Survival was improved for patients in CR at transplantation. In conclusion, FM provided better disease control though at a cost of increased TRM and morbidity.
Defective DNA mismatch repair in acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome after organ transplantation
Authors: Offman Judith , Opelz Gerhard , Doehler Bernd , Cummins David , Halil Ozay , Banner Nicholas R. , Burke Margaret M. , Sullivan Dianne , Macpherson Peter , Karran Peter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractImmunosuppression after organ transplantation is an acknowledged risk factor for skin cancer and lymphoma. We examined whether there was also an excess of leukemia in patients after transplantation and whether this might be related to a particular immunosuppressive treatment. Data from more than 170 000 patients indicated that organ transplantation is associated with a significantly increased risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML was more frequent after heart transplantation and lung transplantation than after kidney transplantation and was associated with immunosuppression by azathioprine, a thiopurine prodrug. Cellular resistance to thiopurines is associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. We demonstrate that thiopurine treatment of human cells in vitro selects variants with defective MMR. Consistent with a similar selection in patient bone marrow, in 7 of 7 patients, transplant-related AML/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) exhibited the microsatellite instability (MSI) that is diagnostic for defective MMR. Because MSI occurs infrequently in de novo AML, we conclude that the selective proliferation of MMR-defective, azathioprine-resistant myeloid cells may contribute significantly to the development of AML/MDS in patients who have received organ transplants. Identifying azathioprine as a risk factor for AML/MDS suggests that discontinuing the use of azathioprine as an immunosuppressant might reduce the incidence of posttransplantation AML/MDS.
Extended-Interval Aminoglycoside Dosing for Treatment of Enterococcal and Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Graham A Christie , Mercier Renee-Claude , Achusim Louis E , Pai Manjunath P 
Published: April 2004

BACKGROUND: Gram-positive osteomyelitis requires long-term antibiotic therapy, much of which is often administered in the outpatient setting. Historically, synergistic aminoglycoside use in these infections requires multiple daily doses, which can be inconvenient. Data regarding extended-interval aminoglycoside dosing (EIAD), also known as once-daily dosing, in this setting are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of EIAD in the treatment of gram-positive osteomyelitis. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of adult patients treated for documented, gram-positive osteomyelitis with EIAD at the University of New Mexico Home IV Antibiotic Clinic was conducted. The patients' medical records were reviewed by an infectious diseases clinical pharmacist. Clinical and microbiologic outcomes and the incidence of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (16 events) were included. Enterococcus spp. was the most common organism isolated. Nine patients had infected equipment or devices; 6 of these had removal of these devices in conjunction with antibiotic therapy. The median duration of antibiotic therapy was 6 weeks (range 6–31). The median duration of aminoglycoside therapy was 28 days (range 6–43). Seven patients developed nephrotoxicity, 5 of whom received an aminoglycoside in combination with vancomycin. Male patients had a higher risk of developing nephrotoxicity compared with females (p = 0.04). The mean ± SD duration of EIAD before the development of nephrotoxicity was 34 ± 8 days. Clinical cure was achieved in 12 (75%) patients. Three patients achieved clinical cure without hardware removal. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients with gram-positive osteomyelitis were successfully managed with EIAD. However, nephrotoxicity developed in a high proportion of patients and was likely related to prolonged aminoglycoside use.
Identification of 14 rare marker chromosomes and derivatives by spectral karyotyping in prenatal and postnatal diagnosis
Authors: Guanciali‐Franchi Paolo , Calabrese Giuseppe , Morizio Elisena , Fantasia Donatella , Colosimo Alessia , Rinaldi Maria M. , Cristini Luciano , Simonelli Andrea , Lonardo Fortunato , Turci Alessandra , Zatterale Adriana , Laganà Carmelo , Stuppia Liborio , Sabatino Giuseppe , Palka Giandomenico 
Published: April 2004

AbstractExtra structurally abnormal chromosomes (ESACs) and cryptic rearrangements are often associated with mental retardation and phenotypic abnormalities. In some cases their characterisation, using standard cytogenetic techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), is difficult and time consuming, where a fast and accurate identification is essential, especially when such chromosomal aberrations are found in prenatal diagnosis. A recent molecular technique, spectral karyotyping (SKY), based on the spectral signature of 24 chromosome‐specific painting probes labelled with different combinations of five fluorochromes, allows the simultaneous visualisation of all human chromosomes in different colours. We used SKY analysis on 14 cases with rare ESACs or cryptic unbalanced rearrangements found at pre‐ or postnatal diagnosis. SKY analysis permitted the classification of chromosome rearrangements in all 14 cases analysed in combination with FISH analysis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor 196G/A polymorphism and eating disorders
Authors: Koizumi Hiroki , Hashimoto Kenji , Itoh Kanako , Nakazato Michiko , Shimizu Eiji , Ohgake Shintaro , Koike Kaori , Okamura Naoe , Matsushita Sachio , Suzuki Kenji , Murayama Masanobu , Higuchi Susumu , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors might contribute to the pathogenesis of eating disorders and that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in the pathophysiology of eating disorders. To investigate the role of the BDNF gene in the susceptibility to eating disorders, we analyzed the BDNF 196G/A gene polymorphism in female patients with eating disorders and female normal controls. The difference in the genotype frequency between patients (n = 198) and normal controls (n = 222) was statistically significant (P = 0.029). Interestingly, a significant (P = 0.015) difference in the genotype frequency between normal controls and bulimia nervosa patients (n = 101) with binge‐purging type was detected. This study suggests that the BDNF 196G/A gene polymorphism might be associated with a susceptibility to eating disorders.© 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct analysis of the genes encoding G proteins GαT2, Gαo, GαZ in ADHD
Authors: Turic D. , Langley K. , Kirov G. , Owen M.J. , Thapar A. , O'Donovan M.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have followed up the extensive replicated evidence that the dopamine DRD4 receptor is involved in the aetiology of ADHD by undertaking direct analysis of genes encoding other proteins in this effector system. We prioritised the genes encoding G protein α subunits GαT2, Gαo, GαZ as these have been shown to transduce the effects of ligand binding at DRD4. We screened the exons of all three genes for sequence variation in 28 unrelated subjects with ADHD and identified 13 novel polymorphisms. All were tested for possible association with ADHD using a combination of pooled and individual genotyping. The results of our study do not suggest that polymorphisms in these genes contribute to susceptibility to ADHD. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rotationplasty about the knee:
Authors: Fuchs B. , Sim F.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRotationplasty is an intercalary resection of a bone segment with subsequent reconstruction of the lower limb by rotating it through an arc of 180°. After rotation, the rotated ankle functions as a knee joint, thereby powering a custom‐made below‐knee prosthesis. Rotationplasty is a satisfactory treatment option in selected patients. A prerequisite for this type of surgery is an intact sciatic nerve. Rotationplasty is indicated for skeletally immature patients with a tumoral lesion about the knee (<8–10 years of age), for older patients with large lesions that are not candidates for limb salvage as an alternative to above‐knee amputation, and as a salvage procedure for chronically infected prosthetic implants. Preoperative planning includes the prediction of the exact remaining bone growth, because the ipsilateral distal tibial epiphysis will not completely substitute for the growth deficit resulting from the resected distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses. Therefore, minimal over length of the ankle of the operated leg is retained. Technical details of the surgery are described with particular emphasis on anatomical considerations. It provides a durable and biologic reconstruction and allows patients to become good functional below‐knee prosthesis users and allows participation in recreational activities and sports. Clin. Anat. 17:345–353, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical basis for a successful upper limb sympathectomy in the thoracoscopic era
Authors: Ramsaroop L. , Singh B. , Moodley J. , Partab P. , Satyapal K.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this clinico‐anatomical study, factors potentially responsible for unsuccessful upper limb sympathectomy (ULS) by the thoracoscopic route were evaluated. This study comprised two subsets: 1) in the clinical subset, 25 patients (n = 50 sides) underwent bilateral second thoracic ganglionectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis, and factors predisposing to unsuccessful ULS were identified; and 2) in the anatomical subset, the neural connections of the first and second intercostal spaces were bilaterally dissected in 22 adult cadavers (22 right, 21 left; n = 43 sides). Alternate neural pathways (ANP) were noted in 9 of 50 sides in the 25 clinical cases (18%). In three asthenic patients (5 sides), fascia overlying the longus colli muscle mimicked the sympathetic chain. The right superior intercostal vein (SIV) was located anterior to the second thoracic ganglion in 6 of 50 sides (12%) and predisposed to troublesome bleeding in 2 of 50 cases; the SIV was posterior to the ganglion in 19 of 50 sides (38%), posing no technical problem. On the left, the SIV was noted outside the field of dissection in all but one case. A successful outcome to sympathectomy was noted in all 25 patients. A spectrum of sympathetic contributions to the first thoracic ventral ramus for the first intercostal space was noted in 37 of 43 anatomical cases (86%). These were categorized according to the arrangements of the intrathoracic ramus between the second intercostal nerve and the first thoracic ventral ramus. The cervicothoracic ganglion (37/43 cases; 86%) and an independent inferior cervical ganglion (6/43 cases; 14%) were always located above the second rib. The second thoracic ganglion was consistently located in the second intercostal space. This study demonstrates that ANPs have little clinical significance when a second thoracic ganglionectomy is undertaken. Technical failures may be avoided if the surgeon is mindful of anatomical variations at surgery. Clin. Anat. 17:294–299, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trastuzumab plus docetaxel in HER‐2/neu‐positive prostate carcinoma
Authors: Lara Primo N. , Chee Karen Giselle , Longmate Jeff , Ruel Christopher , Meyers Frederick J. , Gray Carl R. , Edwards Regina Gandour , Gumerlock Paul H. , Twardowski Przemyslaw , Doroshow James H. , Gandara David R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDOverexpression of the HER‐2/neu oncoprotein has been reported to occur in ≤ 60% of patients with prostate carcinoma and to correlate with shortened survival. Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to the HER‐2 receptor and has activity against HER‐2–positive breast carcinoma, more so when combined with a taxane. The authors screened for HER‐2 overexpression in patients developing hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma (HRPC) and conducted a Phase II trial of trastuzumab plus docetaxel in HER‐2–positive patients.METHODSParaffin‐embedded tumor specimens from potentially eligible patients were screened for HER‐2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Shed HER‐2 was also assessed by enzyme‐linked immunoradsorbent assay (ELISA). Patients with HER‐2–positive tumor specimens (IHC 2+ or 3+ or FISH ratio > 2) were initially randomized to receive either single‐agent trastuzumab or docetaxel. After two treatment cycles, nonresponding patients received the trastuzumab/docetaxel combination. Treatment was comprised of 30 mg/m2 of docetaxel weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2‐week break and 4 mg/kg of trastuzumab intravenously during Week 1 then 2 mg/kg per week thereafter. The cycle length was 8 weeks.RESULTSOne hundred patients with HPRC were screened. IHC results were as follows: 3+ (n = 1), 2+ (n = 6), 1+ (n = 26), 0 (n = 39), and insufficient tissue specimen/not tested (n = 28). Only 3 of 37 patients had elevated shed HER‐2 by ELISA (> 15 mg/mL). None overexpressed HER‐2 by IHC. FISH amplification was found in 0 of 34 tissue samples. Of seven patients with IHC 3+ or 2+, four were tested by ELISA and two by FISH. None were abnormal. Age and Gleason score did not correlate with IHC status. Of the seven patients eligible for the Phase II study, only four agreed to participate. The trial was thus closed for nonfeasibility (the overall HER‐2 positivity rate was < 20%). No patient responded to trastuzumab alone. The median survival was not reached and the median progression‐free survival was 7 months.CONCLUSIONSHER‐2 overexpression by IHC in archival prostate carcinoma specimens was infrequent. There was no apparent correlation among IHC, ELISA, and FISH, although the sample size was limited. Conclusions regarding the predictive value of HER‐2 status on outcome after trastuzumab‐based therapy were not reached and were only drawn after larger‐scale screening efforts. The authors estimated that 1000 patients need to be screened to complete accrual to a 40‐patient efficacy trial. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy remains a valid approach in the evaluation of nonpalpable breast lesions
Authors: Liao Jim , Davey Diane D. , Warren Graham , Davis Joseph , Moore Angela R. , Samayoa Luis M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe use of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions varies considerably. This retrospective study stresses the role of breast FNA in evaluating sonographically suspicious nonpalpable breast masses using a probabilistic reporting system. One hundred and eight consecutive ultrasound‐guided FNA biopsies diagnosed as positive (32), suspicious (8), atypical (11), benign (55), and unsatisfactory (2) were analyzed and correlated with 61 subsequent surgical specimens. All positive cytologies showed carcinoma on histology; suspicious cases were followed by 5 carcinomas, 2 fibroadenomas, and 1 papillary lesion. Follow‐up of atypical cases included 4 carcinomas, 3 fibroadenomas, and 2 papillary lesions, while all 10 biopsies following benign cytology showed fibrocystic changes. Two cases with suspicious sonographic findings but unsatisfactory cytology had lobular carcinoma. The remainder of the benign and atypical cases were followed clinically and radiographically for at least 10 months and had no evidence of carcinoma. Positive predictive values were positive, 100%; suspicious, 63%; atypical, 36%; benign, 0%. Most (40/43; 93%) carcinomas were invasive. In conclusion, ultrasound‐guided FNA for nonpalpable breast lesions is highly accurate, and probabilistic reporting helps direct patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:325–331. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy with OX40L‐Fc or anti‐CTLA‐4 enhances local tissue responses and killing of Leishmania donovani
Authors: Zubairi Soombul , Sanos Stephanie L. , Hill Sue , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEnhancing granuloma development and effector function, but without inducing the pathology associated with excess granulomatous inflammation, poses a major challenge for immunotherapeutic intervention against diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Here, we demonstrate that a chimeric fusion protein (OX40L‐Fc) which stimulates T cells through OX40 and a monoclonal antibody which blocks CTLA‐4, an inhibitory receptor on T cells, both enhanced the rate of granuloma maturation, CD4+ T cell proliferation, and killing of Leishmania. Costimulation‐based therapy induced no adverse fibrotic or necrotic reactions, and had no significant effect on the levels of endogenous anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10 and TGF‐β). Furthermore, both OX40L‐Fc and anti‐CTLA4could be co‐administered with conventional anti‐leishmanial drugs. Until now, enhancing T cell immunity by the manipulation of costimulatory pathways has only received serious attention for cancer immunotherapy, but our data provide a compelling argument for the evaluation of this approach in human VL and other infectious diseases.
Vanadyl Phosphate Intercalated with Diethyl Ether
Authors: Melánová Klára , Beneš Ludvík , Zima Vítězslav , Trchová Miroslava , Dybal Jiří 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVanadyl phosphate intercalated with diethyl ether has been prepared by replacing 2‐propanol molecules in the corresponding VOPO4 intercalate with diethyl ether. The intercalate contains one diethyl ether molecule per formula unit. The guest molecules are anchored to the host layers by an O−V donor−acceptor bond. The local structure and interactions in the intercalate have been suggested on the basis of quantum chemical calculations. The intercalate is thermally stable. Its diffractogram does not change up to 100 °C. A new phase with lower basal spacing appears at 130 °C. The intercalate is very moisture‐sensitive; the diethyl ether molecules are easily replaced by water molecules. The replacement of diethyl ether in the vanadyl phosphate intercalate by the water molecules has been monitored by infrared spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Bismuth(III) Triflate in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Gaspard‐Iloughmane Hafida , Le Roux Christophe 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBismuth(III) triflate is a new, cheap and environmentally friendly Lewis acid. The research presented in this microreview is devoted to the evaluation of the scope of the uses of bismuth(III) triflate in organic synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Estimation of mass transfer and kinetics in operating trickle‐bed bioreactors for removal of VOCS
Authors: Barton John W. , Davison Brian H. , Klasson K. Thomas , Gable C. Chris 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLong‐term, stable operation of trickle‐bed bioreactors remains desirable but is difficult to achieve for industrial processes, which generate continuous streams of dilute gaseous hydrocarbons. Mass transfer and kinetics parameters are difficult to measure, complicating predictive estimates. Two methods are presented which were used to predict the importance of mass transfer versus kinetics limitations in operating trickle‐bed biofilters. Both methods altered the overall activity of the biofilter and estimated the effective mass transfer coefficient (KLa) by varying the VOC (volatile organic contaminant) loading rate and concentration. The first method altered the total bed temperature of a well‐established biofilter to effect a change. The second method, used with developing biofilters possessing low biomass, involved addition of cultured biomass to the recirculating liquid to effect an overall change in VOC removal capacity. Results and modeling from these experiments are presented for a mixed culture trickle‐bed bioreactor that is capable of consuming sparingly soluble alkanes, such as pentane and isobutane. Methods to control overgrowth are discussed which were used to operate one reactor continuously for over 24 months with sustained degradation of volatile alkanes with a rate of 50 g h–1 m–3.