bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A precise modeling method of three‐dimensional discrete fracture network based on rectangular joint model
Authors: Kang Jingyu , Fu Xiaodong , Sheng Qian , Chen Jian , Wu Kai , Wang Xing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the weak structure and main seepage channel of rock mass, the discrete fracture network (DFN) has a significant influence on the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass. In this paper, based on the rectangular joint model, two algorithms are proposed to realize the precise modeling of the DFN in any polyhedron. First, the equivalence of DFN modeling with the rectangular joint model and the elliptical joint model is theoretically deduced. On this basis, the chain splicing algorithm suitable for the rectangular joint model is proposed, which can generate the DFN model according to the actual distribution of joint spacing, trace, and bridge length. Aiming at the concave boundary in the model domain, the segmentation‐stitching operation is put forward, and the continuity of the joint when passing through the interface is ensured. Finally, the effectiveness of the above algorithm is verified by several simple cases, and the relationship between the size of the geometrical representative elementary volume (REV) and discontinuity parameters is discussed. The results show that when the mean values of the joint distribution parameters are the same, even if the distribution rules are different, the number of joints generated in the same spatial region is approximately equal. The size of the geometrical REV is independent of the spacing and bridge length and is approximately three to five times the mean of the trace. The relevant algorithms and conclusions in this paper can be used as the basis for subsequent rock mass stability analysis and seepage calculation.
An investigation of fracture modes around a spherical cavity for understanding outburst propagation mechanism
Authors: Shi Jingyu , Qu Qingdong , Shen Baotang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOutburst of coal and gas is a major hazard in underground coal mining where coal seam gas content/pressure is high. A cone‐shaped cavity is often observed in the coal seam after bursting, implying the likely mechanical structure being formed during outburst propagation. Although the mechanism for outburst initiation and propagation is very complex, mining‐induced fracturing and damage of the coal material is an essential component. This paper investigates the mechanical conditions that are essential to initiate fractures around a spherical cavity, a simplified form of the cone‐shaped outburst cavity. The cavity is assumed to be situated in an infinite isotropic homogeneous elastic body under internal gas pressure and far‐field hydrostatic compressive stresses as a further simplification for analytical investigation. The analytical conditions under which circumferential and radial fractures can initiate around the cavity are formulated, based on extensional strain criterion for fracture initiation. Low internal pressure on the cavity surface and high far‐field compression lead to circumferential fractures. In contrast, high internal pressure and low far‐field compression lead to radial fractures. Subsequent numerical simulations with FRACOD3D and FRACOD, the 3D and 2D in‐house fracture simulation codes, were carried out to investigate fracture patterns around a cavity and inclusion. The simulation results confirmed the analytical results, including fracture shapes and the size of fractured zone. These results provide a new angle to understand the complex mechanism of outbursts.
Detailed DNA methylation characterisation of phyllodes tumours identifies a signature of malignancy and distinguishes phyllodes from metaplastic breast carcinoma
Authors: Meyer Braydon , Stirzaker Clare , Ramkomuth Sonny , Harvey Kate , Chan Belinda , Lee Cheok Soon , Karim Rooshdiya , Deng Niantao , Avery‐Kiejda Kelly A , Scott Rodney J , Lakhani Sunil , Fox Stephen , Robbins Elizabeth , Shin Joo‐Shik , Beith Jane , Gill Anthony , Sioson Loretta , Chan Charles , Krishnaswamy Mrudula , Cooper Caroline , Warrier Sanjay , Mak Cindy , Rasko John EJ , Bailey Charles G , Swarbrick Alexander , Clark Susan J , O'Toole Sandra , Pidsley Ruth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial lesions of the breast that are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. As little is known about the molecular underpinnings of PTs, current diagnosis relies on histological examination. However, accurate classification is often difficult, particularly for distinguishing borderline from malignant PTs. Furthermore, PTs can be misdiagnosed as other tumour types with shared histological features, such as fibroadenoma and metaplastic breast cancers. As DNA methylation is a recognised hallmark of many cancers, we hypothesised that DNA methylation could provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis and tumour stratification in PTs, whilst also allowing insight into the molecular aetiology of this otherwise understudied tumour. We generated whole‐genome methylation data using the Illumina EPIC microarray in a novel PT cohort (n = 33) and curated methylation microarray data from published datasets including PTs and other potentially histopathologically similar tumours (total n = 817 samples). Analyses revealed that PTs have a unique methylome compared to normal breast tissue and to potentially histopathologically similar tumours (metaplastic breast cancer, fibroadenoma and sarcomas), with PT‐specific methylation changes enriched in gene sets involved in KRAS signalling and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Next, we identified 53 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (false discovery rate < 0.05) that specifically delineated malignant from non‐malignant PTs. The top DMR in both discovery and validation cohorts was hypermethylation at the HSD17B8 CpG island promoter. Matched PT single‐cell expression data showed that HSD17B8 had minimal expression in fibroblast (putative tumour) cells. Finally, we created a methylation classifier to distinguish PTs from metaplastic breast cancer samples, where we revealed a likely misdiagnosis for two TCGA metaplastic breast cancer samples. In conclusion, DNA methylation alterations are associated with PT histopathology and hold the potential to improve our understanding of PT molecular aetiology, diagnostics, and risk stratification. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Properties of epoxy resin matrix composites improved by silica sol‐activated hollow ceramic microspheres
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Zhou Jian , Liu Guizhen , Wang Lin , Feng Zhiliang , Ding Zhongjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilica sol can activate the surface of hollow ceramic microspheres and improve the properties of composite materials by improving the interface between the microspheres and the epoxy resin. The group changes on the surface of microspheres were measured using infrared spectroscopy. The microspheres were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The density, water absorption, and mechanical properties of the materials were tested using scales and mechanical testing machines. The results showed that SiO2 and silane molecules were introduced on the surface of the microspheres after treatments. As the silica sol content increased, the slurry viscosity increased by 34.5%, the composite density increased by 5.8%, and the water absorption decreased by 35.8%. When the silica sol content was 25%, the flexural strength and compressive strength of the composites were 73.49 and 116.27 MPa, respectively, which were 37.8% and 23.6% higher than those of the untreated composites, and the mechanical properties became clearly improved. High mechanical properties enable the materials to be used in deeper ocean areas.Highlights
Nanoparticles are introduced onto the surface of hollow microspheres.
The activated microspheres can bind better to the silane coupling agent.
Silane coupling agent assisted by silica sol improved interfacial bonding.
Surface activation of microspheres improves the properties of composites.
In situ creation of aramid fiber surface coating with polymerizable deep eutectic solvents and their interfacial bonding properties with rubber
Authors: Xu Hui , Xue Junxiu , Bian Huiguang , Wang Chuansheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe coating was created on the surface of aramid fibers (AFs) by solution dip‐coating and in situ UV curable method, using a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES), dissolved poly(ethylene imine), and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry confirmed the successful construction of the coating on the AF surface, which accounted for 12%–17% of the total fiber mass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed a 2 μm increase in fiber diameter and a maximum fiber surface average roughness (Ra) of 263.7 nm when the polyethyleneimine content was 0.5% (AF‐PDES‐0.5). Based on these results, H pull‐out samples of fiber/rubber composites were fabricated. The results indicated that the H pull‐out force of AF‐PDES‐0.5 samples increased by 109.74% than that of untreated fiber, and reached 12.92 N of the maximum strength. In summary, the method is simple, rapid, non‐polluting, capable of continuous, and intelligent construction of coatings on the surface of AF. Thus, making it highly promising for application in the field of aviation tires.Highlights
Using PDES, green, and low‐carbon preparation processes.
Solution dip‐coating and UV reaction for improved reaction speed and workability.
Quantitative of interface thickness and modulus using EDS and AFM.
Confounding analysis with gaming aspects in predicting psychological distress of esports players
Authors: Lee Soon Li , Tam Cai Lian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to explore the interplay between the central and peripheral aspects of gaming and their correlation with internet gaming disorder (IGD) in predicting indicators of psychological distress. The study proposed that the core and peripheral characteristics of gaming serve as confounding variables affecting the direct relationship between IGD and psychological distress. Employing a longitudinal design spanning two distinct timeframes, the research involved 100 esports players from Malaysia, all of whom had participated in at least one official tournament. The outcomes revealed that both the core and peripheral attributes of gaming significantly predicted stress, anxiety, and depression. However, IGD exhibited a significant predictive association only with stress. Notably, the study also detected the confounding effects of core and peripheral characteristics in the direct link between IGD and stress. These results imply that core and peripheral gaming traits should be interpreted as individual differences that amplify susceptibility to IGD and its associated psychological distress indicators. Moreover, the findings suggested that IGD might not be a prominent concern for esports players, potentially due to their training in performance management as athletes. The paper explores further implications stemming from these findings.
Impact of clinical severity on treatment response in a randomized controlled trial comparing day hospital and intensive outpatient mentalization‐based treatment for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Smits Maaike L. , Feenstra Dine J. , Blankers Matthijs , Kamphuis Jan H. , Bales Dawn L. , Dekker Jack J. M. , Verheul Roel , Busschbach Jan J. V. , Luyten Patrick 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examined the impact of clinical severity on treatment outcome in two programs that differ markedly in treatment intensity: day hospital mentalization‐based treatment (MBT‐DH) and intensive outpatient mentalization‐based treatment (MBT‐IOP) for borderline personality disorder (BPD). A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants include the full intention‐to‐treat sample of the original trial of N = 114 randomized BPD patients (MBT‐DH n = 70, MBT‐IOP n = 44), who were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 6 up to 36 months after start of treatment. Outcomes were general symptom severity, borderline features, and interpersonal functioning. Clinical severity was examined in terms of severity of BPD, general symptom severity, comorbid symptom disorders, comorbid personality disorders, and cluster C personality features. None of the severity measures was related to treatment outcome or differentially predicted treatment outcome in MBT‐DH and MBT‐IOP, with the exception of a single moderating effect of co morbid symptom disorders on outcome in terms of BPD features, indicating less improvement in MBT‐DH for patients with more symptom disorders. Overall, patients with varying levels of clinical severity benefited equally from MBT‐DH and MBT‐IOP, indicating that clinical severity may not be a useful criterion to differentiate in treatment intensity.
Recent changes in riparian and floodplain vegetation in England and Wales and its geomorphic implications
Authors: Dawson Martin , Gurnell Angela , Lewin John , Macklin Mark G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent river studies in the United Kingdom have observed an increase in riparian vegetation and its potential impact on river channel change and sedimentation. Here, we quantify changes in floodplain and riparian vegetation during the first two decades of the 21st century along reaches of eight gravel‐bed rivers in England and Wales that exhibit varied active and stable, single and multi‐thread planforms. The analysis employs information drawn from open‐access sources including national LiDAR surveys and the photographic analysis of repeat aerial and satellite imagery. Most reaches show an increase in woody vegetation across their floodplains reflecting both natural colonisation and deliberate planting, and all but one of the reaches show an increase in woody riparian vegetation cover along their riverbanks. Of the six reaches that have exposed riverine sediments, five show a reduction in exposed sediment area as a result of vegetation encroachment. Contrasts in the rate, extent and location of riparian change were associated with the stability of the channel planform, with differences seen between stable and more active reaches. The significance of riparian woodland in promoting riverbank stability is demonstrated. Riparian vegetation development varies between river reaches, largely in response to differing rates of channel movement but also because of multiple and diverse local decisions regarding the management of in‐channel and channel‐adjacent vegetation by landowners rather than a single national policy. We consider the relevance of our findings and the value of remote monitoring for future river management interventions.
Study on bending failure and crack characteristics in ductile fiber‐reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Wang Huayi , He Xiongjun , Zhou Ming , Wu Chao , He Jia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we designed six polypropylene fiber‐reinforced concrete (PP‐FRC) beams and three reinforced concrete (RC) beams for experimental studies. Then, we analyzed the effects of incorporating PP fibers on the cracking performance of PP‐FRC beams from the perspectives of load‐displacement response, crack distribution, crack depth, crack width, crack spacing, and deformation coordination. The research results showed that the cracking load and number of cracks were positively correlated with the volume ratio of PP fibers, while the maximum crack width, average crack spacing, and average crack depth were negatively correlated with the volume ratio of PP fibers. Due to the bridging effect of fibers, the PP‐FRC beam body and reinforcement could deform in a coordinated manner within a specific loading range after cracking, which increased the deformation coordination ability between the body and reinforcement. In this study, the cracking mechanism of PP‐FRC beams was investigated. Firstly, the formula for calculating the cracking moment of PP‐FRC beams was derived from the perspective of equivalent bending tensile strength. Then, based on the fiber bridging law and the bond strength between PP‐FRC and reinforcement, theoretical formulas were proposed to predict the average crack spacing and maximum crack width of PP‐FRC beams. Finally, through comparison, it was found that the proposed formulas could be used for characteristic crack prediction.
A (TRANS)formative approach to gender‐inclusive science education
Authors: Rende Mendoza K. , Johnson Carla C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe teaching of science in K‐12 schools has long been criticized as a process that propagates oppression for students who do not conform to entrenched norms of gender, sex, and sexuality. Academic standards, curriculum, and textbooks are rife with rhetoric that reinforces any deviation from cisheterosexuality as aberrant, unusual, or abnormal. However, these often‐over‐simplified conceptions discount the historic social and scientific intricacies of gender and sexual diversity as well as students' own lived experiences. While there have been advancements in LGBTQ+ and gender‐inclusive science education reform, these movements have been stymied by a lack of cohesive guidelines for pedagogy and practice, particularly for trans, nonbinary, and gender‐creative youth. Situated within trans‐created conceptual frameworks for critical education, this study explored the pedagogical practices of 10 transgender science teachers with the purpose of learning from their experiences creating gender inclusive curriculum. From the data (in‐depth interviews, instructional materials samples, and reflective teaching statements) emerged the TRANS (Trans and Research‐informed Approaches for Nonbinary and gender‐inclusive Science education) Framework for gender inclusive science education pedagogy. This framework is anchored in three domains for teaching science through a trans‐informed lens:interrogating and accessing power, resisting essentialism, and embracing experiential knowledge and personal epistemologies. The findings of this study contribute to our growing understanding of gender‐inclusive science learning environments. Importantly, this study amplified the experiential knowledge of teachers whose voices are critically absent from research surrounding gender and LGBTQ+‐inclusive science education practice. Moreover, the framework derived from teachers' experiences can be used to guide educators in making their science classrooms safer and more gender inclusive.
Scaffolding Expository Reading with Picture Books: Strategies for Comprehending Informational Language
Authors: Adams Brittany , Mertens Gillian E. , Fang Zhihui , Baugh Marissa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInformational texts present complex content using language that is simultaneously technical, abstract, dense, and authoritative. This article describes practical strategies to support teachers in using informational picture books to prepare upper elementary school students for navigating the complex language demands necessitated by expository reading. These strategies include morphological analysis, spotlighting discipline‐specific vocabulary, sentence completion, unpacking nominalizations, identifying actions and their agents, deconstructing noun phrases, paraphrasing complex sentences, and syntactic anatomy. They are designed for classroom teachers to support their implementation of authentic informational texts.
Rekonfiguration des Rechtssubjekts im Anthropozän
Authors: Rinaldi Stefanie 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Zeitalter des Anthropozäns gewinnt die Frage nach Rechten der Natur an Bedeutung. Wie David Boyd in seinem Buch „The Rights of Nature – A Legal Revolution That Could Safe the World” aufzeigt, anerkennen immer mehr Staaten jursistische Rechte der Natur. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Verständnisse von Beziehungswiesen zwischen Mensch, Tier und Umwelt dieser Anerkennung von Rechten zugrunde liegen und ob diese Entwicklung tatsächlich einer Revolution gleichkommt. Konzepte wie das kürzlich von den Vereinten Nationen ankerkannte Recht auf eine gesunde Umwelt, die ökozentrische Ausweitung des Status als Rechtssubjekt sowie auf posthumanistischen Theorien beruhende Rekonfigurationen des Rechtssubjekts werden vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert. Abschließend wird skizziert, wie die Politische Bildung mit den aus diesen Überlegungen hervorgehenden Verschiebungen, Verschränkungen und Herausforderungen arbeiten kann.
Testautomatisierung am Digitalen Zwilling
Authors: Kübler Karl , Krebser Gerhard , Verl Alexander 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungUm hochwertige Automatisierungslösungen mit kontinuierlich steigendem Softwareanteil anzubieten, sieht sich der Maschinen- und Anlagenbau der Herausforderung von steigendem Testaufwand und steigender Testkomplexität gegenüber. Der in einer Virtuellen Inbetriebnahme eingesetzte Digitale Zwilling bildet in diesem Beitrag die Basis für die Entwicklung einer Effizienzmethode, um den Testaufwand durch Automatisierung zu reduzieren und die Testkomplexität beherrschbar zu machen. Dieser Beitrag erarbeitet die aktuellen Defizite der Virtuellen Inbetriebnahme im Softwaretest des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus und präsentiert eine Lösung zur Testautomatisierung. Das entworfene Testautomatisierungswerkzeug ermöglicht mit einer methodischen Testplanung und -durchführung die frühzeitige Behebung etwaiger Softwarefehler. Damit steigt die Qualität der Software deutlich und gleichzeitig wird der Aufwand der Testabläufe reduziert. Der Umfang der Testlösung wird beispielhaft an einem Bearbeitungszentrum aufgezeigt.
Mixed-Reality-in-the-Loop Simulation
Authors: Schnierle Marc , Hönig Jana , Röck Sascha 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von X-in-the-Loop Simulationsmethoden (XiLS) ermöglicht im mechatronischen Entwicklungsprozess die virtuelle Erprobung und Inbetriebnahme von Automatisierungssystemen im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Die daraus resultierenden Anwendungsfelder sind bislang hinsichtlich der Interaktion zwischen Mensch, realer Umgebung und Simulation stark limitiert. Diese Einschränkungen sollen durch die Erweiterung der XiLS-Methodenreihe um die sogenannte Mixed-Reality-in-the-Loop Simulation (MRiLS) überwunden werden. Die MRiLS erweitert die Kopplung zwischen Steuerungsausprägung und Digitalem Zwilling unter Berücksichtigung der realen Umgebung und des Menschen durch moderne Visualisierungs- und Interaktionsmethoden der Mixed Reality. Diese Erweiterung eröffnet neue Anwendungspotenziale des Digitalen Zwillings über den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Anlage hinweg.