bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics in agricultural wastewater: A review
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Ashtar Malik , Yang Ying , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Cao Dawei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the treatment of agricultural wastewater has been an important aspect of environmental protection. The purpose of photocatalytic technology is to degrade pollutants by utilizing solar light energy to stimulate the migration of photocarriers to the surface of photocatalysts and occur reduction-oxidation reaction with pollutants in agricultural wastewater. Photocatalytic technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, sustainability, low-energy and free secondary pollution. It is an environmental and economical method to recover water quality that only needs sunlight. In this paper, the mechanism and research progress of photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions and antibiotics from agricultural water pollution were reviewed by combining photocatalytic degradation process with agricultural treatment technology. The mechanism of influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation efficiency was discussed in detail and corresponding strategies were proposed, which has certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic degradation.
Multilayered PdTe2/thin Si heterostructures as self-powered flexible photodetectors with heart rate monitoring ability
Authors: Dong Chengyun , An Xiang , Wu Zhicheng , Zhu Zhiguo , Xie Chao , Huang Jian-An , Luo Linbao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional layered material/semiconductor heterostructures have emerged as a category of fascinating architectures for developing highly efficient and low-cost photodetection devices. Herein, we present the construction of a highly efficient flexible light detector operating in the visible-near infrared wavelength regime by integrating a PdTe2 multilayer on a thin Si film. A representative device achieves a good photoresponse performance at zero bias including a sizeable current on/off ratio exceeding 105, a decent responsivity of ~343 mA/W, a respectable specific detectivity of ~2.56 × 1012 Jones, and a rapid response time of 4.5/379 μs, under 730 nm light irradiation. The detector also displays an outstanding long-term air stability and operational durability. In addition, thanks to the excellent flexibility, the device can retain its prominent photodetection performance at various bending radii of curvature and upon hundreds of bending tests. Furthermore, the large responsivity and rapid response speed endow the photodetector with the ability to accurately probe heart rate, suggesting a possible application in the area of flexible and wearable health monitoring.
Modulation bandwidth enhancement in monolithic integrated two-section DFB lasers based on the detuned loading effect
Authors: Zhang Yunshan , Xu Yifan , Guan Shijian , Zheng Jilin , Gu Hongming , Li Lianyan , Xiao Rulei , Fang Tao , Zou Hui , Chen Xiangfei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modulation bandwidth enhancement in a directly modulated two-section distributed feedback (TS-DFB) laser based on a detuned loading effect is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the 3-dB bandwidth of the TS-DFB laser is increased to 17.6 GHz and that chirp parameter can be reduced to 2.24. Compared to the absence of a detuned loading effect, there is a 4.6 GHz increase and a 2.45 reduction, respectively. After transmitting a 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal through a 5-km fiber, the modulation eye diagram still achieves a large opening. Eight-channel laser arrays with precise wavelength spacing are fabricated. Each TS-DFB laser in the array has side mode suppression ratios (SMSR) > 49.093 dB and the maximum wavelength residual < 0.316 nm.
Study of enhancement-mode GaN pFET with H plasma treated gate recess
Authors: Gao Xiaotian , Yu Guohao , Zhou Jiaan , Wang Zheming , Li Yu , Zhang Jijun , Liang Xiaoyan , Zeng Zhongming , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This letter showcases the successful fabrication of an enhancement-mode (E-mode) buried p-channel GaN field-effect-transistor on a standard p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN-on-Si power HEMT substrate. The transistor exhibits a threshold voltage (V
TH) of −3.8 V, a maximum ON-state current (I
ON) of 1.12 mA/mm, and an impressive I
ON/I
OFF ratio of 107. To achieve these remarkable results, an H plasma treatment was strategically applied to the gated p-GaN region, where a relatively thick GaN layer (i.e., 70 nm) was kept intact without aggressive gate recess. Through this treatment, the top portion of the GaN layer was converted to be hole-free, leaving only the bottom portion p-type and spatially separated from the etched GaN surface and gate-oxide/GaN interface. This approach allows for E-mode operation while retaining high-quality p-channel characteristics.
Incomplete charge transfer in CMOS image sensor caused by Si/SiO2 interface states in the TG channel
Authors: Lu Xi , Liu Changju , Zhao Pinyuan , Zhang Yu , Li Bei , Zhang Zhenzhen , Xu Jiangtao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CMOS image sensors produced by the existing CMOS manufacturing process usually have difficulty achieving complete charge transfer owing to the introduction of potential barriers or Si/SiO2 interface state traps in the charge transfer path, which reduces the charge transfer efficiency and image quality. Until now, scholars have only considered mechanisms that limit charge transfer from the perspectives of potential barriers and spill back effect under high illumination condition. However, the existing models have thus far ignored the charge transfer limitation due to Si/SiO2 interface state traps in the transfer gate channel, particularly under low illumination. Therefore, this paper proposes, for the first time, an analytical model for quantifying the incomplete charge transfer caused by Si/SiO2 interface state traps in the transfer gate channel under low illumination. This model can predict the variation rules of the number of untransferred charges and charge transfer efficiency when the trap energy level follows Gaussian distribution, exponential distribution and measured distribution. The model was verified with technology computer-aided design simulations, and the results showed that the simulation results exhibit the consistency with the proposed model.
Exploration of sensations evoked during electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist level
Authors: Malesevic Nebojsa , Lindén Frida , Fureby Lycke , Rudervall Carolina , Björkman Anders , Antfolk Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Nerve rehabilitation following nerve injury or surgery at the wrist level is a lengthy process during which not only peripheral nerves regrow towards receptors and muscles, but also the brain undergoes plastic changes. As a result, at the time when nerves reach their targets, the brain might have already allocated some of the areas within the somatosensory cortex that originally processed hand signals to some other regions of the body. The aim of this study is to show that it is possible to evoke a variety of somatotopic sensations related to the hand while stimulating proximally to the injury, therefore, providing the brain with the relevant inputs from the hand regions affected by the nerve damage. Approach. This study included electrical stimulation of 28 able-bodied participants where an electrode that acted as a cathode was placed above the Median nerve at the wrist level. The parameters of electrical stimulation, amplitude, frequency, and pulse shape, were modulated within predefined ranges to evaluate their influence on the evoked sensations. Main results. Using this methodology, the participants reported a wide variety of somatotopic sensations from the hand regions distal to the stimulation electrode. Significance. Furthermore, to propose an accelerated stimulation tuning procedure that could be implemented in a clinical protocol and/or standalone device for providing meaningful sensations to the somatosensory cortex during nerve regeneration, we trained machine-learning techniques using the gathered data to predict the location/area, naturalness, and sensation type of the evoked sensations following different stimulation patterns.
Assessment of a new nutrient management strategy to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu using a hydrodynamic-ecological model
Authors: Weng Xi , Jiang Cuiling , Yuan Menglin , Zeng Tianshan , Sheng Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The external nutrient loading significantly affects large shallow lakes, particularly those with intricate rive networks. In Lake Taihu, pollutant discharge standards have traditionally been quantified based on water environmental capacity, while neglecting the response characteristics of algal growth in different regions to boundary inputs. For that analysis, this study first estimated the river pollutant loadings of 16 most significant inflow and outflow rivers of Lake Taihu from 2008 to 2020 and explored the correlations between inflow water quality parameters and lacustrine chlorophyll-a levels. Results highlighted the significant influence of high river input of permanganate values in spring on the chlorophyll-a levels in the lake. Based on this, this study proposed the hypothesis that reducing the inflow concentration of permanganate in spring would inhibit algal growth, which was further validated using coupled hydrodynamic and ecological models. The simulation results indicated that the reduction of permanganate inflow concentration during spring would significantly decrease chlorophyll-a concentration in spring and summer, especially leading to a notable impact on peak values. However, due to variations in background concentrations among rivers, the extent of reduction in lake chlorophyll-a levels showed significant spatial differences. Additionally, analysis of extracted algal bloom areas revealed that there still remained a relatively high risk of algal blooms occurring in the main regions, particularly during autumn when inflow pollutant concentrations increased rapidly. These findings emphasized the importance of formulating reasonable exogenous reduction schemes, which should consider the concentration and variation trend of inflow pollutants, as well as the response characteristics of algal bloom growth in different lake zones to the boundary.
Breast cancer diagnosis through knowledge distillation of Swin transformer-based teacher–student models
Authors: Kolla Bhavannarayanna , P Venugopal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, emphasizing the crucial need for a timely and accurate diagnosis to enhance survival rates. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on pathologists analyzing whole-slide images (WSIs) to identify and diagnose malignancies. However, this task is complex, demanding specialized expertise and imposing a substantial workload on pathologists. Additionally, existing deep learning models, commonly employed for classifying histopathology images, often need enhancements to ensure their suitability for real-time deployment on WSI, especially when trained for small regions of interest (ROIs). This article introduces two Swin transformer-based architectures: the teacher model, characterized by its moderate size, and the lightweight student model. Both models are trained using a publicly available dataset of breast cancer histopathology images, focusing on ROIs with varying magnification factors. Transfer learning is applied to train the teacher model, and knowledge distillation (KD) transfers its capabilities to the student model. To enhance validation accuracy and minimize the total loss in KD, we employ the state–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) reinforcement learning algorithm. The algorithm dynamically computes temperature and a weighting factor throughout the KD process to achieve high accuracy within a considerably shorter training timeframe. Additionally, the student model is deployed to analyze malignancies in WSI. Despite the student model being only one-third the size and flops of the teacher model, it achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.71%, slightly below the teacher’s accuracy of 98.91%. Experimental results demonstrate that the student model can process WSIs at a throughput of 1.67 samples s−1 with an accuracy of 82%. The proposed student model, trained using KD and the SARSA algorithm, exhibits promising breast cancer classification and WSI analysis performance. These findings indicate its potential for assisting pathologists in diagnosing breast cancer accurately and effectively.
Finding the Missing Calcifications: How Deep to Cut?
Authors: Layfield L J , White M , Esebua M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Mammographic documentation of microcalcifications requires biopsy of the microcalcifications with histologic study to demonstrate that the area of mammographic interest is examined histologically to exclude carcinoma. Initial levels may not demonstrate these microcalcifications requiring study of additional levels. Little data exists as to how deeply levels should be cut to document microcalcifications.

Methods/Case Report
A search of pathology records at the University of Missouri between January 1, 2022 and March 30, 2023 for reports containing the term “microcalcifications” in the clinical history or specimen designation was performed. For each identified case, all slides of blocks designated by the radiologist as containing microcalcifications were pulled for review. Our protocol was to cut initially two levels separated by 50 microns. If no microcalcifications were detected an additional 10 levels each separated by 100 microns were examined. The level at which microcalcifications were first detected was recorded.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
The search revealed four-hundred and thirty-one specimens meeting study criteria. Four-hundred and fifteen of these samples contained microcalcifications on histologic examination. Probability of finding microcalcifications in the initial level was 0.629 and 0.935 in the first six levels. The incremental cost per calcification was 1.5 for the first level and 66.7 for the sixth level. The relative cost per calcification in level 6 was 44.5. Levels beyond level 6 rarely disclose microcalcifications.

Conclusion
94% of microcalcifications documented by imaging were detected histologically in the first six levels using our protocol. The six-level protocol appears optimal for detection of microcalcifications. This study has significant implications for other specimen types. When a strong suspicion for a pathologic lesion is present on imaging but histologic sampling reveals no lesion, four further levels cut at 100 microns should be obtained.
Evaluation of lipoprotein(a) and adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome for the prediction of CVD risk
Authors: Abdelmonem M , Alawssi Y , Ahmed K , Alqaisi K , Wasim H , Abdelmageed M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) usually intensely forecasts cardiovascular diseases, along with elevating the risk of diabetes mellitus as well as chronic kidney disease. The International Federation for Diabetes (IDF) established in 2006 an accepted metabolic syndrome defined as a “cluster of the most dangerous heart attack and cardiovascular diseases risk factors”. Adiponectin is considered the most crucial factor which plays a serious role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) was considered the single most common independent genetically inherited causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). bolic syndrome patients.

Methods/Case Report
Objectives: To investigate the correlation between Lipoprotein (a) and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome patients with CVD.

Subjects and methods
This research was performed at Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) during the period between January 2021 and March 2021. Eighty participants were randomly selected from patients who were recruited from the internal medicine clinics. The participants aged 40 to 60 years were selected after screening for the criteria for diagnosis with MetS. Forty-two of the participants had metabolic syndrome, while the other 38 represented the control group. Adiponectin and Lipoprotein (a) were measured using by ELISA technique. Routine laboratory tests, including a lipid profile, glucose and body mass index (BMI), were measured for all participants.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Results: Plasma lipoprotein (a), HDL, and LDL levels were significantly higher in MetS patients than in healthy controls p= 0.026, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively. In comparison, no significance was found regarding adiponectin (p = 0.07).
Lipoprotein (a) had shown a negative correlation with HDL(r= -0.34), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with LDL (r= -0.33) and LDL/HDL ratio (r= -0.34). The multiple linear regression analysis results revealed the predictive potential of Lipoprotein (a), and adiponectin when used in different models for CVD risks using HDL as a risk factor (r = 0.381, p = 0.047).

Conclusion
The studied metabolic syndrome markers might be essential in detecting cardiovascular events. It can be concluded that Lipoprotein (a) and adiponectin can be used to predict the CVD risks in meta
Cytogenetics Technologists and Workforce- Private and Academic Collaboration to Sustain Expertise as Formal Training Programs get curtailed
Authors: Abbasi A , Del Abra V , Spranger J , Ibraheem R , Attili S , Ehsan A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Cancer Cytogenetics (CG) and Fluorescence in-situ Hybridization (FISH) testing are essential parts of molecular genetics (MG) in clinical diagnosis for patients suffering from hematopoietic disorders. Even though MG assays are clinically offered, and technical expertise is available, the need for expertise in CG and FISH cannot be understated. Due to budget constraints, deviated focus on innovation by academic programs and lack of awareness in the undergraduate programs, only a handful of centers offer formal training programs. Therefore, the need for qualified CG and FISH technologists to support the industry pipeline is continuously needed.

Methods/Case Report
With the increased workload and the need to combat workforce shortages, we continue to support academic centers as an on-site training facility. In addition, we have initiated academic collaborations with accredited training programs, both national and international, by training of our own technicians with a pilot program. These individuals hold bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences and are qualified to perform high-complexity testing under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) regulations.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Since 2009, we have had 32 qualified CG/FISH technologists with a CG (ASCP) board certification, most of whom graduated through academic programs. We took the initiative to train four staff members who acquired job experience while working in our CLIA/CAP accredited lab. After the ASCP year requirement was fulfilled, they became eligible to take the ASCP registry exam in CG. All four have passed and are certified cytogenetic technologists.

Conclusion
Challenged by a reduction in training programs and increasing demand in the industry, we have been successful in training and certifying our technologists with academic and private collaborations. More collaborative efforts are needed to fulfill such an important need in the field of CG.
Myelomatous Ascitis, a Rare Presenting Symptom of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Bohr T , Abendroth C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
In 2022, plasma cell neoplasms accounted for approximately 1.8% of all new cancers in the United States with an estimated 34,470 new cases of multiple myeloma. Diagnosis is often straight forward in ~80% of cases by performing serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum immunofixation (SIFE), and/or urine immunofixation (UIFE) with M-spike quantification. The diagnostic challange is in the remainder of asymptomatic myeloma cases (~20%) which are found incidentally. Specialized laboratory technicians are often the first step in identifying plasma cells in body fluids and/or peripheral blood smears. These incidental findings on routine labs, paired with the keen eye of a specialist, are one of the first steps in early detection of multiple myeloma.

Methods/Case Report
A 62 year-old male, originally from Cambodia, presented to an outside hospital emergency department with abdominal distention and pain. His past medical history was significant for dialysis-dependent end- stage renal disease and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 2. Abdominal CT showed ascites with no other diagnostic findings. Cardiac, renal and hepatic etiologies of ascites were ruled out. Body fluid analysis of the ascites in the Clinical Pathology laboratory revealed numerous plasma cells. Cytologic examination, after consultation with Clinical Pathology, also revealed numerous plasma cells. Subsequent SPEP and SIFE disclosed an IgA lambda monoclonal protein. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy with FISH studies.
Results showed several high-risk abnormalities including translocations of 4::14, 14::16, and 14::20, denoting a “triple hit” multiple myeloma.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Plasmacytosis in ascites is an extremely rare initial presentation for multiple myeloma. With only a few cases reported in the literature, many technicians and pathologists might easily overlook plasma cells on routine cytology, especially with normal imaging and no previous diagnosis of myeloma. In this case, flagged peritoneal fluid by a skilled medical laboratory technician was key to making a diagnosis. Without any signs of a plasmacytoma or lytic bone lesions on imaging, a normal CBC with non-specific labs, and an unsuspecting surgical pathology report, multiple myeloma was not on the differential. Fast interdepartmental consultation, communication, and teamwork between surgical pathology and clinical pathology, lead to a rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of this patient.