bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence against women during covid-19: A population-based study in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Leite Franciéle Marabotti Costa , Venturin Bruna , Eduarda Portes Ribeiro Luiza , De Paula Silva Ranielle , Luis Alves Mayara , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Santos Dherik Fraga 
Published: December 2023

Background
Violence against women has a negative impact on multiple dimensions of women’s health. During the Covid-19 pandemic, intimate partner violence against women has continued, and in some contexts has intensified. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women during covid-19 pandemic and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and life-experience factors.

Methods and findings
Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, from January to May 2022, where 1,086 women aged 18 years and over were interviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) instrument on violence against women was used to screen outcomes. The prevalence of violence during the pandemic (psychological, physical, and sexual) and bivariate analysis with sociodemographic, behavioral, family, and life history characteristics of women were estimated. The multivariate analysis was carried out for each type of violence, the Poisson regression model was performed with an estimate of robust variance, inserting the variables of interest with (p<0.20). Those with p<0.05 remained in the adjusted model.

Results
The prevalence of violence psychological against women perpetrated by an intimate partner during the pandemic was the most frequent (20.2%), followed by physical (9.0%) and sexual violence (6.5%). Women with less schooling and who were single had a higher prevalence of physical and psychological violence, as did those with a history of sexual abuse in childhood and whose mothers had been beaten by their intimate partners. Sexual violence was more prevalent among non-white, with up to eight years of schooling, whose mothers had a history of intimate partner violence, and who consumed alcohol during four days or more (p<0.01).

Conclusion
Psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by the intimate partner during the pandemic presented high magnitude among women living in Vitória. Sociodemographic, behavioral factors, and personal and maternal experiences of violence were associated with the phenomenon.
A sepsis treatment algorithm to improve early antibiotic de-escalation while maintaining adequacy of coverage (Early-IDEAS): A prospective observational study
Authors: Bucheeri Mohamed Abdulla Ghuloom Abdulla , Elligsen Marion , Lam Philip W. , Daneman Nick , MacFadden Derek 
Published: December 2023

Background
Empiric antibiotic treatment selection should provide adequate coverage for potential pathogens while minimizing unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use. We sought to pilot a sepsis treatment algorithm to individualize antibiotic recommendations, and thereby improve early antibiotic de-escalation while maintaining adequacy of coverage (Early-IDEAS).

Methods
In this observational study, the Early-IDEAS decision support algorithm was derived from previous Gram- negative and Gram-positive prediction rules and models along with local guidelines, and then applied to prospectively identified consecutive adults within 24 hours of suspected sepsis. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients for whom de-escalation of the primary antibiotic regimen was recommended by the algorithm. Secondary outcomes included: (1) proportion of patients for whom escalation was recommended; (2) number of recommended de-escalation steps along a pre-specified antibiotic cascade; and (3) adequacy of therapy in patients with culture-confirmed infection.

Results
We screened 578 patients, of whom 107 eligible patients were included. The Early-IDEAS treatment recommendation was informed by Gram-negative models in 76 (71%) patients, Gram-positive rules in 64 (59.8%), and local guidelines in 27 (25.2%). Antibiotic de-escalation was recommended in almost half of all patients (n = 52, 48.6%), with a median of 2 steps down the a priori antibiotic treatment cascade. No treatment change was recommended in 45 patients (42.1%), and escalation was recommended in 10 (9.3%). Among the 17 patients with positive blood cultures, both the clinician prescribed regimen and the algorithm recommendation provided adequate coverage for the isolated pathogen in 12 patients (70.6%), (p = 1). Among the 25 patients with positive relevant, non-blood cultures, both the clinician prescribed regimen and the algorithm recommendation provided adequate coverage in 20 (80%), (p = 1).

Conclusion
An individualized decision support algorithm in early sepsis could lead to substantial antibiotic de-escalation without compromising adequate antibiotic coverage.
Designing effective U = U communication strategies considering the needs of PLHIV, their partners, and healthcare worker constraints in South African clinics
Authors: Onoya Dorina , Sineke Tembeka , King Rachel , Mokhele Idah , Sharma Shubhi , Dukashe Mandisa , Cele Refiloe , Bokaba Dorah , Inglis Robert , Sigasa Simangele , Bor Jacob 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
We sought to understand the Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) communication needs of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and barriers to U = U communication among healthcare providers (HCPs) in South Africa.

Methods
We conducted five focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCPs (N = 42) including nurses and counsellors from primary healthcare clinics (PHCs) in the Gauteng and Free State Provinces of South Africa, three FGDs (N = 27) with PLHIV recruited by snowball sampling from civil society organizations, and 27 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with recently diagnosed PLHIV in Johannesburg. IDIs and FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed, translated to English, and analysed thematically.

Results
PLHIV were largely unaware and sceptical of U = U as the message appeared to contradict the mainstream HIV prevention clinical guidance. The low viral load (VL) knowledge further reduced confidence in U = U. PLHIV need support and guidance on the best approaches for sharing U = U information and disclosing their VL status to their partners, highlighting the central role of community understanding of U = U and VL to mediate the desired stigma reduction, social acceptance and emotional benefits of U = U for PLHIV. HCPs were uneasy about sharing U = U due to concerns about risk compensation and ART non-adherence and worried about enabling any ensuing HIV transmission. HCPs also need a simple, unambiguous, and consistent narrative for U = U, integrated with other HIV prevention messages. PLHIV and HCPs alike recommended a patient-centred approach to communicating U = U, focusing primarily on attaining viral suppression and emphasizing that condomless sex is only safe during periods of ART adherence.

Conclusions
These data highlight the need for simple U = U communication support targeting both HCP and PLHIV. Culturally appropriate communication materials, with training and ongoing mentorship of the clinic staff, are essential to improve patient-centred U = U communication in clinics.
Necrotizing Pancreatitis After Cardiac Arrest With Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Donat Christine , Farah Michel , Jobbins Kathryn 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Acute pancreatitis has been reported as a complication of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, necrotizing pancreatitis as a subsequent complication has not. Because pancreatic necrosis develops 7–10 days after the initial episode of pancreatitis, it may be difficult to identify and, therefore, diagnose. This case details the course of a patient who developed infected necrotizing pancreatitis after receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest.
Local Grammar Approach to Investigating Advanced Chinese EFL Learners’ Development of Communicative Competence in Academic Writing: The Case of ‘Exemplification’
Authors: Su Hang , Ye Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study belongs to a larger project which aims to systematically explore advanced Chinese EFL learners’ developmental pattern of communicative competence in academic context, with the current investigation zooming in on their performance of exemplification in academic writing. It draws on insights from local grammar research, as local grammars have been shown to be able to reliably quantify the lexicogrammatical realisations of a given communicative or discourse act. Using L1 Chinese English-major students’ MA and PhD degree dissertations as the data, the investigation shows that, although their overall use of exemplification remained steady from MA to PhD levels of study, there are significant differences with regard to their preference of exemplifying strategies as well as their lexicogrammatical choices they used to realise exemplification. The study not only has implications for academic writing research, assessment and pedagogy, but also offers a useful methodological approach to longitudinal investigation into EFL learners’ development of communicative competence in academic context.
A quality control procedure for central venous blood sampling based on potassium concentrations
Authors: Wang Lingli , Zhang Xiaomei , Qin Yi , Wang Feng , Cui Ming , Shi Yingjuan , Chen Yu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the extent of agreement between two blood collection methods for electrolytes, central venous blood sampling by the push-pull technique versus venipuncture, and to mitigate errors in blood sampling by a potassium-based quality control procedure.

Methods
A comparative within-subject study was carried out for adult patients in the intensive care unit. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to estimate concordance, and Bland–Altman analysis and clinically acceptable limits were used to compare the equivalence of the two methods. An in-house checklist was designed to identify errors made by nurses throughout central venous blood sampling by the push-pull technique, the corrective training and quality control procedure were conducted, and the rate of errors, incidence of hemolysis and distribution of potassium concentrations were comparatively analyzed for the quality of central venous blood sampling before and after the quality control procedure.

Results
All the ICCs of 220 paired blood samples displayed excellent reliability, except for potassium. Most of the electrolyte variables were within the clinically acceptable limits, and the results showed that the potassium concentrations did not seem to sufficiently affect clinical decision-making. A total of 30 nurses accepted 90 observations before and after the quality control procedure, and the results showed that blood exposure and repeated disconnections of the line in the push-pull technique were always the main problems throughout the process of central venous blood sampling. In addition, after improvement, the number of patients with hypokalemia or hyperkalemia tended to decrease, but the difference was not statistically significant. For all of the blood samples, only three push-pull paired samples received hemolysis notice.

Conclusions
Central venous blood sampling by the push-pull technique could be an acceptable substitute for most electrolytes via venipuncture, but caution should be exercised for potassium-based quality control procedures.
Transport, Interaction, and Connectivity
Authors: Nakoinz Oliver 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Transport research is a multidisciplinary field that extends beyond technical aspects. As such, it can provide significant insights into societies, economies, and cultures. In this study, we take a broader perspective that encompasses transport, interaction, and connectivity. These three terms are interconnected, with transport and interaction being interdependent sub-systems. Transport research encompasses means of transport, local, regional, and supra-regional networks, transport infrastructure, and the items transported. In turn, interaction research focusses on interaction networks, groups, and intensities. The concept of connectivity adds a layer of complexity, enabling a better understanding of the sub-systems and the system as a whole by considering the balance of opportunities and limitations. This article aims to demonstrate how the various approaches and concepts are related and to outline an integrated and systematic research approach.
Class IA PI3K isoforms lead to differential signalling downstream of PKB/Akt
Authors: Catalak Yilmaz Hazal B. , Sulaiman Mahnoor , Isik Ozlem Aybuke , Cizmecioglu Onur 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The catalytic subunits of Class IA PI3K, p110α, p110β, and p110δ, phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) on the plasma membrane. In cancer, these catalytic subunits are usually found to be altered or amplified. Because pan-PI3K inhibition results in systemic toxicities, finding specific targets for the ubiquitous PI3K isoforms offers considerable potential for enhancing the effectiveness of PI3K-targeted therapy.

Methods
We aim to delineate the isoform-specific druggable targets of the PI3K by deleting PIK3CA (encoding p110α) and PIK3CB (encoding p110β) by Cre mediated excision and ectopically expressing p110α, p110β, or p110δ with or without myristoylation (Myr) tag in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Myr is a lipidation signal that translocates proteins to plasma membrane permanently. This translocation renders p110s constitutively activated as they remain in close proximity to PIP2 on the membrane.

Results
Unique and redundant Akt targets are identified downstream of different PI3K isoforms. mTORC1, one of the targets of fully-activated Akt, has been observed to be differentially regulated in MEFs upon expression of p110α or p110β. The varying dependencies on mTORC1 and Rac1 led us to analyse a potential scaffolding function of p110β with Rac1 to mediate phosphorylation and activation of mTOR using platforms for the modeling of biomolecular complexes. We also documented that p110α and p110β support cell cycle kinetics differentially.

Conclusions
This study suggests differential regulation of protein translation, metabolism, cell cycle, and survival signaling downstream of unique p110 targets, underlying the importance of cancer treatment according to the deregulated p110 isoform.
Situación y distribución de la brucelosis bovina en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina
Authors: Elias Iris C. , Viola María N. , Russo Anna M. , Lozina Laura A. , Signorini Marcelo L. 
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to update the epidemiological information of brucellosis in the province of Formosa, Argentina, based on records from the Research and Transfer Centre during the 2018-2021 period. In total, 151 218 samples of bovine sera from 1953 establishments in the province of Formosa were serologically analysed. Data analysis was done using logistic regression. The presence of spatial association clusters for populations with heterogeneous distribution was evaluated by scanning a data group less than 50% of the population at risk. The distribution of herds positive for brucellosis was assumed as a Bernoulli distribution. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 0.88%, while that of herds positive for brucellosis was 17.1%. The intra-herd prevalence was 5.73% (95% CI 0.34-24.18%). In 2018, a prevalence of 0.44% was observed with increases in 2019 (1.77%) and 2021 (0.52%). The spatial analysis identified four significant clusters, two of them with a higher risk of developing the disease and two with a lower risk, presenting Relative Risk (RR) values of 3.92, 30.13, 0.02 and 0.014, respectively. The disease continues to be present in the province with high prevalence, concentrating in the central and eastern areas of the province of Formosa.
Relendo Niceia (325). Uma pincelada teológica sobre os impactos do Primeiro Concílio Ecumênico e da Sinodalidade
Authors: Bosch Iosif  Leandro 
Published: December 2023

O sínodo de Niceia foi convocado durante o ano 325 para tratar sobre a heresia ariana que há muito atormentava a Igreja. Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir algumas perspectivas acerca dos impactos do Primeiro Concílio Ecumênico de Nicéia, em um contexto em que a Sinodalidade era a base para o exercício das discussões de cunho teológico-eclesiástico onde a Doutrina e as Verdades da Igreja foram instituídas. Para tanto, as subseções preparam o leitor para uma compreensão do significado de heresia e verdade, seus desdobramentos e reverberações, recortadas por uma dinâmica em que a Tradição, a experiência de fé e o consenso são orgânicos e traduzem a diversidade na Unidade. Como resultado, observa-se que as comemorações acerca de Niceia (325) são um pano de fundo para se olhar para a existência humana com acuidade, verificando que heresias e verdades coexistem em um mundo marcado pela permanente busca do Divino no humano.
ASXL1 MUTATION ANALYSIS IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Hamid Mohammad , Mohammed Aras , Mohamad Dlnya 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundIn recent years, additional sex comb-like 1 (ASXL1) gene mutations have recently been linked to several myeloid cancers.
Objectives To characterize ASXL1 mutation prevalence, determine if these abnormalities might constitute a significant event in CML prognosis, and establish the correlations if these mutations are associated with CML transformation and/or imatinib (IM) resistance, Here we designed a study to investigate ASXL1 gene that is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies and evaluated their occurrence in a well-defined group of CML patients.
Patients and MethodsThe study population consists of 80 patients diagnosed with CML under treatment with TKI (Imatinib 400,600,800 mg/day and Nilotinib). Ten healthy subjects were checked as controls. Depending on their molecular and/or cytogenetic response, CML patients will either be classified into imatinib-resistant or imatinib-good responders. Then the DNA was extracted depending on the Salting-Out protocol. Then genome amplification was performed on exon 12 and in the HOT spot region for the detection of somatic mutations, using conventional PCR.
ResultsNine out of 80 CML samples (11.25%) were determined to have mutations with the ASXL1 gene. We identified a novel Mutation (c.1808_1820delCCTCCTGCCGGGG S603Ffs*96) in one of the patients that has not been reported before. We also identified three other mutations (c.1933_1934del G p.G645Wfs*12, c.2047A>G p.T683A, c.1900_1922 delAGAGAGGCGGCCACCACTGCCAT E635Rfs*15).
ConclusionOur discovery of an ASXL1 mutation, a potential tumour suppressor gene, is a significant genetic aberration in CML. Our findings suggest that ASXL1 mutations are common in patients with late stages of the disease and imatinib therapy resistance.
Determination of emergency department patient utilization and staffing at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH)
Authors: Tabuñar Scarlett Mia S. , Pagkatipunan Paulo Maria N. 
Published: December 2023

Objective: In developing staffing plans for emergency departments (EDs), a multifaceted approach must be considered without compromising quality of care, patient safety and personnel satisfaction. This study aims to determine the temporal trend of patient attendance and staffing in a major tertiary hospital ED to assist in establishing an optimal staffing pattern.
Methods: A 1-year retrospective ED census review of adult patients at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) was undertaken. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Fisher-Hayter pairwise comparisons were utilized to determine if the ED consults and admissions were significantly (P<0.05) associated with the month of the year and day of the week.
Results: A total 43,632 consults at the UP-PGH ED, averaging of 3,636 per month or 121 per day, were seen in 2019. Results indicated statistically significant differences between monthly [F (11,353) =16.45; P<0.0001] and between daily means [F (6,358) =4.19; P=0.0004]. The most number of consults occur during August, September, October and November while admissions were highest during April and October. It was busiest during Mondays and afternoon shifts (1400-2200 hours) with majority arriving as urgent in acuity. Mortality was also highest during the afternoon shifts.
Conclusion: The temporal variations in patient visits and acuity described in our study can be used as a template for workforce scheduling and resource allocation to meet the demands in the provision of care at the ED.
The Continuity of Well Child and Chronic Disease Check Ups During Covid- 19 Pandemic and Comparison of Its Effect on Outpatient Visits in Early and Late Period
Authors: OZEN Gulsum , SARİCİ Dilek 
Published: December 2023

Aim: Pandemic disrupted health care access in many centers all around the world. CDC recommended that seperating pandemic and non-pandemic hospitals, prioritizing emergency visits, postponing elective operations and, where possible, converting outpatient visits to telehealth calls. In this period, well-child checkups were cancelled and routine childhood vaccination was interrupted. We aimed to evaluate the impact of pandemic on the routine immunization schedule, neonatal screening program, chronic disease follow ups and outpatient clinic visits.
Material and Method: In total, 401 children and their parents were included in this study and patient population of interest was children of routine immunization age. Outpatient visit features and compliance with the childhood vaccination and neonatal screening program before and during the pandemic were asked.
Results: Compared to 2021, there was a significant increase in both the number of patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and their hospital admissions. While the rates of hospital admissions increased in 2022 in those with diarrhea, almost all of the patients with lower respiratory tract infection symptoms stated that they applied to the hospital in both periods. It was observed that routine vaccination and newborn screening programs were carried out successfully during the pandemic process in Turkey. It was found that chronic disease follow-ups of children were interrupted in 2021.
Conclusion: This study has shown how the 3 major components of health system (outpatient clinic visits, well child check-ups and chronic disease follow-ups) were affected at different times of the pandemic in Turkey. Successful management in childhood vaccinations and neonatal screening program should also be ensured in chronic disease follow-up bythe separation of pandemic and non-pandemic hospitals. Showing the strengths and weaknesses of strategies implemented in health system during the pandemic guides the measures to be taken for similar situations that may occur in the future.