bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Rectal Biopsies
Authors: Wells F. E. , Addison G. M. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in rectal suction biopsies from 392 patients investigated for Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Results in HD (2.7–23.7 RU; n = 37) were not clearly differentiated from those in patients without HD (0.6–18.0 RU; n =355). Sample instability was shown not to be a significant cause of error. From analysis of duplicate biopsies and a consideration of false‐negative results, tissue inhomogeneity or incorrect siting of the biopsy appeared likely causes of error. Examination of a number of possible diagnostic decision levels indicated an optimal choice of AChE activity greater than 10 RU with an AChE activity not less than 60% of total cholinesterase activity. At a prevalence of 10%, this decision level resulted in sensitivity of 64.9%, specificity 98.7%, predictive value of positive 85.7%, and predictive value of negative 96.3%. The false positives (n = 4) and false negatives (n = 13) by these criteria were examined to detect possible common features.
Energy Concentration of Human Milk Estimated from 24‐h Pools and Various Abbreviated Sampling Schemes
Authors: Garza Cutberto , Butte Nancy F. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe concentration of gross energy in 24‐h pooled samples of milk is compared with that of single samples obtained during the same period. Samples were collected from mothers exclusively breastfeeding their infants on demand. The objective of the comparison was to evaluate simplified sampling schemes for approximating the concentration of energy of milk produced over 24 h. The lowest concentration of energy of single samples occurred in milk collected between 12 midnight and 6 a.m. The concentration of energy of milk was related negatively to the volume expressed and the time interval preceding each expression. The interval preceding each expression was correlated positively to the volume expressed. These results indicate that the pattern of milk expression is important in the design of sampling schemes. Therefore, sampling schemes may not be transferable between populations with distinct feeding patterns. The highest correlation between single samples and the 24‐h value was obtained from samples collected between 12 midnight and 6 a.m. (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). The widths of the 95% confidence and prediction intervals for the equation relating values from single samples to the 24‐h pools were ± 2.7% and ± 10.5%, respectively, of the mean 24‐h pool sample value when three single samples (collected between 12 midnight and 6 a.m., 6 a.m. and 12 noon, and 6 p.m. and 12 midnight) were included in the predictive equation.
Myocarditis in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Frid Christina , Bjarke Björn , Eriksson Margareta 
Published: January 2024

SummaryInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adults is often associated with extracolonic manifestations in other organs, such as the joints, skin, and liver. Cardiac manifestations are considered to be very rare; in a recent survey of the literature we found only 23 cases, most of them in adults. Several extensive reviews and standard textbooks of IBD do not even mention perimyocarditis as a complication. During the past 10 years we have treated 106 patients with IBD in the Department of Pediatrics at St. Goran's Children's Hospital. Of these patients, two adolescent boys developed myocarditis as an extracolonic manifestation. In reporting these two cases, we wish to point out that cardiac involvement occurs in children and we also wish to show that the prognosis is usually good. Another interesting feature was that both of these boys developed myocarditis at a time when one of them had only minor gastrointestinal symptoms and the other had not yet been diagnosed as having IBD.
Zollinger‐Ellison Syndrome Associated With a Renal Gastrinoma in a Child
Authors: Nord Kenneth S. , Joshi Vijay , Hanna Moneer , Khademi Mansour , Saad Saad , Marquis James , Pelzman Henry , Verner Edwina 
Published: January 2024

SummaryRenal gastrinoma has not been previously reported. A 12‐year‐old boy with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome was found to have a renal tumor. No other tumor was detectable by imaging techniques, and selective venous sampling for gastrin showed a significant renal vein to vena cava gradient. Nephrectomy was performed, and examination of the tumor showed typical histologic features of an endocrine tumor. G cells were apparent by electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase staining for gastrin, neuron‐specific enolase, and chromogranin were positive. The gastrin content was unusually low for gas‐trinomas: 128 pg/g. Following nephrectomy, fasting gastrin and secretin stimulation testing were normal. Basal acidity was reduced by 60% but remained elevated at 39 mmol H + /h (hydrogen ion per hour). We speculate that renal gastrinoma may be characterized by uniquely poor gastrin storage and that curative resection of all gastrinoma tissue may not necessarily be associated with immediate complete suppression of hyperacidity.
Determination of the Normal Position of the Anus (with Reference to Idiopathic Constipation)
Authors: Bar‐Maor J. A. , Eitan A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe position of the normal anus was numerically defined by the ano‐genital index, which is the distance from the anus to the vagina or scrotum divided by the distance between the vagina or scrotum and the coccyx. In idiopathic constipation, one must look for an anterior displacement of the anus, which might be the cause of the constipation.
Comparison of Feeding History of Children with Indian Childhood Cirrhosis and Paired Controls
Authors: Bhave S. A. , Pandit A. N. , Tanner M. S. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryOne hundred prospectively studied children with Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) in Pune District, India, differed from 100 matched controls with respect to feeding history. Animal milk was used in all ICC cases but not in 27 controls. It had been started by 3 months in 63 cases and by 6 months in 82 cases of ICC, as compared with 15 and 25 controls. Twenty‐four ICC cases received no breast feeding, and 45 and 60 were breast fed for <3 and <6 months, respectively; only 10 control children were breast fed for <6 months. All ICC children's feeds had been in contact with brass vessels. Copper vessels were used for water carriage with equal frequency in cases and controls. Girls predominated amongst healthy older siblings of cases. Ninety‐one healthy siblings of cases had been fed similarly to controls. Three pairs of twins with similar feeding histories died with ICC. whereas two pairs were discordant for feeding and outcome. Hepatic copper loading in ICC is attributable to copper contamination of early animal milk feeds.
Yersinia Enterocolitis in Iron Overload
Authors: Kelly D. A. , Price E. , Jani B. , Wright V. , Rossiter M. , Walker‐Smith J. A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryYersinia enterocolitis with peritonitis and septicaemia developed in a 4‐year‐old child with thalassemia intermedia and iron overload. It is likely that the illness was exacerbated by continued administration of desfer‐rioxamine, a bacterial siderophore, which facilitated systemic spread of Yersinia. It is recommended that Yersinia enterocolitis be considered in children with iron overload and that desferrioxamine be discontinued and prophylactic antibiotics be administered while Yersinia is sought.
Intussusception
Authors: Bruce James , Huh Young Soo , Cooney Donald R. , Karp Melvyn P. , Allen James E. , Jewett Theodore C. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe records of 583 children who were treated for intussusception at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo in the period 1930–1985 were reviewed. Following a change in management in 1970 from operative treatment to hydrostatic reduction of the intussusception by barium enema, two main groups are defined. In earlier years 95% of patients underwent operative reduction whereas in the latter period 92% had barium reduction attempted. The remaining 8% in this group had clinical contraindications for hydrostatic enema attempt. Ten percent had pathological lead points. Recurrent intussusception occurred in 50 cases (8.5%), 66% following barium enema reduction and 33% after surgery. The mortality in the earlier group was 3.9% and 1.3% in the latter group. No deaths occurred in patients treated successfully with barium enema reduction, and there were no deaths in the children with simple uncomplicated intussusception requiring surgery.
Early Nutrition with a High‐Cholesterol Diet Alters Normal Age‐Related Changes in Intestinal Active Transport
Authors: Thomson A. B. R. , Keelan M. , Tavernini M. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study was undertaken in the young and growing rabbit to establish the effect of feeding a highcholesterol (2%) diet on the intestinal in vitro uptake of glucose, galactose, leucine, and cholic acid. Three groups of animals were fed standard Purina chow for 14, 28, and 42 days. A fourth group was fed chow for 14 days followed by high‐cholesterol diet for 10 days followed by chow for 4 days. A fifth group was fed chow for 14 days followed by the high‐cholesterol diet for 10 days followed by chow for 18 days. Short‐term feeding with a high‐cholesterol diet reversed the normal developmental decline in the jejunal uptake of some nutrients (e.g., glucose), enhanced the age‐related uptake of other nutrients (e.g., galactose and leucine), but had no effect on others (e.g., jejunal uptake of cholic acid). Two weeks after stopping the high‐cholesterol diet, there was enhanced jejunal uptake of all nutrients. Colonic uptake of glucose, galactose, and leucine was unresponsive to the effects of early development or of a high‐cholesterol diet, whereas the colonic uptake of cholic acid did increase. This altered uptake is not explained by nonspecific mechanisms such as changes in body weight gain, intestinal mass, or effective resistance of the intestinal unstirred water layer. In summary, early feeding of rabbits for a short interval with a high‐cholesterol diet is associated with transport changes that may persist, progress, or appear for the first time when the animals are switched from the high‐cholesterol diet back to chow. Thus, early feeding with a high‐cholesterol diet alters the normal development of intestinal transport function.
Endoscopic Findings in Pediatric Patients with Henoch‐Schonlein Purpura and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Tomomasa T. , Hsu J. Y. , Itoh K. , Kuroume T. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe report the gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in nine patients with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura. Eight patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which revealed erosive gastritis in one patient, hemorrhagic‐erosive duodenitis in four, and both findings in one. The rectum and the sigmoid colon were examined in six patients. Aphthoid ulcers were noted in two. In one of these patients, a rectal ulcer was also noted. Severe inflammatory changes and angiitis were found in the biopsy specimens obtained from the duodenum and the colon. The vascular abnormalities in the gastrointestinal mucosa are similar histologically to those found in the skin in Henoch‐Schonlein purpura.
Alternate Day Infusion of Calcium and Phosphate in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Hoehn George J. , Carey Dennis E. , Rowe Jonelle C. , Horak Eva , Raye John R. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryVery low birth weight infants require greater intakes of calcium and phosphate than can be supplied simultaneously in parenteral nutrition. We investigated the biochemical effects and retention of calcium and phosphate when each was administered for 24 h on an alternate day schedule as part of total parenteral nutrition. Serum and urine were collected during a 24 h basal period and during randomly ordered 24 h infusions of either calcium or phosphate in 14 infants during the first week of life. In general, the urinary excretion of the infused mineral (calcium or phosphorus) increased during the 24 h period of its infusion. The serum phosphorus level fluctuated widely from day to day while the serum calcium level did not change. During the 24 h infusion of phosphate, phosphate retention was 67.9 ± 7.4% and during the 24 h infusion of calcium, calcium retention was 72.5 ± 4.3%. However, ongoing excretion of each mineral on the day it was not infused meant that 48.3% of the 48 h phosphate intake and 42.2% of the 48 h calcium intake were lost in the urine. We conclude that excessive amounts of the administered mineral were excreted and that alternate day infusion of calcium and phosphate is an unsatisfactory method for providing these minerals. Attainment of sufficient retentions of calcium and phosphate will require development of novel methods of simultaneous administration which provide calcium and phosphate in high concentrations.
The Effects of Formula Change on Triglycerides and Free Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants
Authors: Weinstein Marie Ritthamel , Haugen Katheryn , Hewitt John , Finan Diane 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe measured preprandial and 2‐h postprandial plasma triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) in 13 preterm infants weekly for 3 consecutive weeks to examine the effects of a premature, medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT)‐containing formula advancing to a term, long‐chain triglyceride (LCD‐containing formula. The infants were on premature formula for the first 2 weeks of the study and were switched to term formula 4–5 days before the last sampling. Significant increases were seen in preprandial and 2‐h postprandial TG when the infants were advanced from the premature to the term formula. It was speculated that this increase was due to the predominace of LCT in term formula, which differed in its absorption and metabolism from MCT. Whether these increases persist and if their clinical significance requires further investigation. No consistent change was observed in the preprandial or postprandial FFA.
Effect of Sympathectomy on Ontogeny of Small Intestinal Disaccharidases in the Rat
Authors: Grunwald Zvi , Marcus Hedva , Zahavi Ilan , Rozenbach Yoram , Nitzan Menachem , Dinari Gabriel 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn the present study the effect of chemical sympathectomy on the development of small intestinal enzymes in the rat was analyzed. Eight doses of guanethidine sulfate were administered subcutaneously every 48 h to 34 newborn rats, starting at birth. The last dose was given at 14 days of age. Twenty‐two littermates served as controls. Intestinal lactase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined at 15, 17, 20, 23, and 25 days of age. Sympathectomy was demonstrated by reduction of the number of perikarya in the superior cervical ganglia in treated rats as compared with control rats. A normal developmental pattern of activities of the disaccharidases in the small intestine was observed in both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the 15− and 17‐day‐old treated animals.
Tin‐Protoporphyrin Inhibits Carbon Monoxide Production in Adult Male Wistar Rats with Common Bile Duct Ligation
Authors: McMillan James J. , Vreman Hendrik J. , Stevenson Daavid K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe excretion rate of CO (VeCO), an index of total bilirubin production, and the total plasma bilirubin level are significantly elevated by 72 h after ligation of the common bile duct in adult male Wistar rats. At 72 and 96 h, rats prepared in this manner were subcutaneously injected with 50 μmol/kg body weight of tin‐protoporphyrin IX (TP) (n = 5) or saline (n = 6). At 120 h after surgery, the VeCO had fallen from the pretreatment level in the TP‐treated animals by 22% (p < 0.025) compared with no significant change in the saline‐treated controls. The plasma total bilirubin level of the experimental animals had also declined by 32% (p < 0.0005) compared with their pretreatment level. The hyperbilirubinemia of the saline‐treated controls was not significantly modified. These results suggest that TP reduces bilirubin production and plasma total bilirubin levels in adult rats with surgically created obstructive jaundice.
Protracted Hemorrhagic Gastritis in an Infant Recovering from Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Casaubon Pablo R. , Vargas Jorge , Ament Marvin E. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis case report describes the course and management of a 10‐week‐old boy with idiopathic hemorrhagic pancreatitis who presented initially with ascites. His hospital course was complicated by severe recurrent intraperitoneal bleeding, requiring, in less than 5 days three exploratory laparotomies to control the hemorrhage. In the following 11 weeks he had five major bleeding episodes attributed to ulcers, gastritis, and esophagitis. Continuous infusion of H2 blockers, antacid drip, and sulcrafate combined with Nissen fundoplication, elective vagotomy, and pyloroplasty were used unsuccessfully to control the bleeding until a prostaglandin E2 analogue at 18 μg/kg/day in four divided doses was given enterally. During the following 19 months, there has been no recurrence of bleeding.
Removal of a Colonic Foreign Body by Enteral Lavage
Authors: Casaubon Pablo R. , Berquist William 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA 14‐year‐old boy was evaluated for the presence of a foreign body in the descending colon. It successfully passed after oral colonic lavage solution (Golytely), obviating endoscopic intervention. The approaches to colonic foreign body removal are reviewed.
Milk Composition of Insulin‐Dependent Diabetic Women
Authors: Butte Nancy F. , Garza Cutberto , Burr Robert , Goldman Armond S. , Kennedy Kathy , Kitzmiller John L. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe macronutrient, trace mineral, and immunological contents of milk of five moderately controlled, insulin‐dependent diabetic women were studied at 3 months postpartum. Concentrations of total nitrogen, lactose, fat, and energy were not distinguishable from those in milk of nondiabetic women. Glucose concentrations in milk from diabetic women were significantly higher (p 0.001) and more variable. The macro‐ and trace minerals (Ca. P. Mg. K. Zn. Cu. and He) were within normal ranges with the exception of Na which was higher in milk from the diabetic women (p 0.05). The concentrations of lactoferrin and secretory IgA were not statistically different from reference norms. Milk composition of five insulin‐dependent diabetic women was not distinguishable from that of the reference population, with the exceptions of Na and glucose concentrations, which were slightly elevated.
A Randomized Study of Oral Metoclopramide in Small Bowel Biopsy of Infants and Children
Authors: Grunow John E. , Howard Sharon 
Published: January 2024

SummaryAs an intravenous injection is not used in our premedication of infants and children for small bowel biopsy, we investigated what effects oral metoclopramide might have on small bowel biopsy procedure time and fluoroscopy time. Eighteen infants and children were randomized to receive 0.2 mg/kg metoclopramide or placebo orally, 40–45 min before starting the procedure, and the procedure was monitored for the time required for the biopsy capsule to reach the pylorus, to cross into the proximal duodenum, and to reach the biopsy site. Corresponding fluoroscopy times were recorded as well. Mean total procedure time was less for those treated with metoclopramide, 43.7 ± 11 min, than for controls, 86.5 ± 15.5 min (p < 0.005). Mean total fluoroscopy time was also less in treated patients (40.9 ± 11.5 s versus control 84.4 ± 17 s) (p < 0.005). The effect of metoclopramide occurred in the interval for the biopsy capsule to cross the pylorus (15.1 ± 2.7 min versus control 60.8 ± 16.6 min) (p < 0.005) and in fluoroscopy time required (15.1 ± 1.9 s versus control 46 ± 17 s) (p < 0.005). Oral metoclopramide is effective in reducing procedure time for small bowel biopsy, and its predictable action facilitates reduction in fluoroscopy exposure.
A New Hepato‐pancreato‐renal Disorder Resembling Tyrosinemia Involving Neuropathy and Abnormal Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Acids
Authors: Sharp H. L. , Lindahl J. A. , Freese D. K. , Burke B. , Englund J. , Johnson D. , Johnson S. B. , Holman R. T. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis report describes a new disorder resembling hereditary tyrosinemia (HT) but differing from it in several respects. Similarities include failure to thrive with hypoproteinemia, micronodular cirrhosis, α‐fetoprotein positive hepatocellular carcinoma, renal Fanconi syndrome with renal tubular ectasia, hypermethioninemia, and hypoglycemia associated with islet cell hyperplasia. However, the tyrosine metabolic pathway was intact. Unique findings include optic atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, and exocrine pancreatic hypoplasia. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status was evaluated in the serum and liver. Initial PUFA profile to serum phospholipids revealed grossly elevated linoleic acid and subnormal linolenic acid. All PUFAs derived from these precursors were absent suggesting gross abnormalities in the utilization of these two essential fatty acids for synthesis of longer chain highly unsaturated structural PUFA. Analysis of liver phospholipids indicated that linoleic acid was lower and w3 and monenoic acids were higher than in the liver specimens from two cases of HT. The gross abnormalities in PUFA pattern, although perhaps secondary to another cause, represent serious structural and functional abnormalities of essential membrane lipids and potentially of eicosanoids derived from them.
Changes of Plasma Free Amino Acids and Renal Clearances of Carnitines in Premature Infants During L‐Carnitine‐Supplemented Human Milk Feeding
Authors: Melegh Béla , Szücs László , Kerner János , Sándor Attila 
Published: January 2024

SummaryEighteen breast‐fed infants with a mean postnatal age of 26 days (range 16–41 days) were studied. Following 1 control day, the infants were fed for 7 consecutive days with pooled human milk supplemented with 300 nmol L‐carnitine/ml milk. Both plasma fractions of acid‐soluble carnitines increased as a consequence of carnitine application. The level of β‐hydroxybutyrate also increased significantly. Of the circulating free amino acids, the levels of alanine (p < 0.025) and glutamine (p < 0.01) were found to be lower, with a decreased urea level (p < 0.005) by the last day of carnitine administration, compared with the control day. The urinary output of total nitrogen also decreased. There were no statistically significant changes in the level of free fatty acids and glucose. On the control day, the renal clearance rate of esterified carnitines significantly exceeded that of free fraction, thus the relative renal reabsorption calculated on the base of creatinine excretion rates was higher for free (mean 98.1%) than for acylated (mean 90.6%) carnitine. In response to enhanced carnitine intake, the clearance rates for each fractions of carnitines significantly exceeded the presupplementary values. The increased clearance rates was more pronounced for free (mean 13.2‐fold) than for esterified (mean 8.08‐fold) carnitines. Despite the increased clearance rates, considerable relative reabsorption was seen for free carnitines (mean 70.0%) as well as for acylcarnitines (mean 65.3%).