bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Oral Antibiotic Therapy for Pediatric Febrile Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Montini Giovanni , Tessitore Antimo , Console Karen , Ronfani Luca , Barbi Egidio , Pennesi Marco ,   STOP Trial Group
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in well-appearing children is conventionally treated with a standard 10-day course of oral antibiotic. The objective of this study is to determine the noninferiority (5% threshold) of a 5-day amoxicillin-clavulanate course compared with a 10-day regimen to treat fUTIs.

METHODS
This is a multicenter, investigator-initiated, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial. We randomly assigned children aged 3 months to 5 years with a noncomplicated fUTI to receive amoxicillin-clavulanate 50 + 7.12 mg/kg/day orally in 3 divided doses for 5 or 10 days. The primary end point was the recurrence of a urinary tract infection within 30 days after the completion of therapy. Secondary end points were the difference in prevalence of clinical recovery, adverse drug-related events, and resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and/or to other antibiotics when a recurrent infection occurred.

RESULTS
From May 2020 through September 2022, 175 children were assessed for eligibility and 142 underwent randomization. The recurrence rate within 30 days of the end of therapy was 2.8% (2/72) in the short group and 14.3% (10/70) in the standard group. The difference between the 2 groups was –11.51% (95% confidence interval, –20.54 to –2.47). The recurrence rate of fUTI within 30 days from the end of therapy was 1.4% (1/72) in the short group and 5.7% (4/70) in the standard group (95% confidence interval, –10.4 to 1.75).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that a 5-day course is noninferior to a 10-day course of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate.
Elszakítva a repülőgéptől: katapultszékkel történő vészelhagyás interpretációjának vizsgálata a vadászpilóta-vadászrepülőgép kapcsolat szempontjából
Authors: Bukovenszki Emőke , Dúll Andrea 
Published: December 2023

Háttér és célkitűzések: A vadászrepülőgép és a vadászpilóta lélektani kapcsolatáról és a gépről való leválási folyamatról szóló pszichológiai kutatások alulreprezentáltak a szakirodalomban. Kutatásunk célja – a repülési szociofizikai környezetről szóló kutatásaink szerves részeként – annak megértése volt, hogy katapultálás során a vadászrepülőgéptől való elszakítottság milyen lélektani tapasztalatot jelent a pilóta számára, és a késleltetett katapultálási folyamatok esetében milyen ember-gép kapcsolat tárható fel a pilóták elbeszélése alapján. Módszerek: Kvalitatív kutatási stratégiával dolgoztunk, az adatgyűjtés során félig strukturált interjúkat vettünk fel – a környezetpszichológiai kontextus megtartása miatt − a pilóta egyik saját munkaközegében, repülőtéren. Mintánkat katapultszékkel történő vészelhagyást átélt magyar vadászpilóták alkották. Az elemzést Interpretatív Fenomenológiai Analízis segítségével végeztük. Eredmények: A résztvevők a gépi környezettel való pszichológiai összekapcsoltságukról számoltak be, amely nem tudatosuló módon befolyásolhatta a katapultálási döntés késleltetését, a gépről való leválás megkezdését. Következtetések: Az eredmények megerősítik annak fontosságát, hogy az ember–környezet (gépi szociofizikai környezet) tranzakciót érintő területeket is célozzák meg a repülőgép-balesetek és -halálesetek csökkentése érdekében mind a pilótaképzésben, mind pedig a repülőgép-balesetek elemzésekor.
Production of phenylalanine-reduced soymilk for phenylketonuria patients
Authors: Taşdemir Yasemin , Gölge Evren 
Published: December 2023

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a hereditary disease caused by the deficiency of phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylase enzyme or its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. Treatment involves a Phe-restricted diet, although food options are limited. Soymilk, derived from soybeans, is a functional food with nutritional benefits. In this study, soymilk was produced and hydrolyzed with protease of Aspergillus oryzae and papain, and then activated carbon was used to remove Phe for PKU patients. The second-derivative spectrophotometry method was used to determine Phe content in soymilk. The results showed no significant difference in dry matter, fat, and crude fiber between soymilk and Phe-extracted soymilk with respect to the control group (P < 0.05). Soymilk’s protein content was calculated as 2.74% (w/w) and that of Phe-reduced soymilk as 1.94% (w/w). Similarly, consecutive Phe content was 40.53 mg/L and 5.09 mg/L. After hydrolization, the calculated Phe removal rate was 87.44% (w/w), and the protein content was reduced by 29.19% (w/w). The study demonstrates that Phe-reduced soymilk is suitable for PKU patients, thus reducing the need for imported products and offering new market opportunities.
PRÁTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO DOMÉSTICA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL FEMININA (1908-1930)
Authors: Nascimento Francinaide de Lima Silva 
Published: December 2023

Apresenta a Educação Profissional destinada às mulheres a partir da análise do Ensino Doméstico em sua gênese europeia e repercussões no Brasil, nas décadas de 1910 e 1930. Fundamenta-se em jornais, livros e dicionários pedagógicos, legislação educacional e programas de ensino. Constatou-se que as edições do Congresso Internacional de Ensino Doméstico eram a referência para a configuração de ideias e práticas. O trabalho doméstico realizado pelas mulheres passou a ser legitimado como um papel social de relevância, por delimitar um espaço de ofícios ou ocupações, seja a partir de um preparo profissional para a atuação enquanto professoras primárias, administradoras de instituições ou mesmo de sua inserção no ensino agrícola. Era uma prática que legitimava a transmissão de um habitus, espaço de autodeterminação para a emancipação pessoal, social e profissional destinado às mulheres.
Improving the pozzolanic reactivity of clay, marl and obsidian through mechanochemical or thermal activation
Authors: Baki Vahiddin Alperen , Ke Xinyuan , Heath Andrew , Calabria-Holley Juliana , Terzi Cemalettin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research investigated the physicochemical properties and pozzolanic reactivity of mechanochemically and thermally treated clay, marl, and obsidian as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The results suggest that the mechanochemical treatment of clay and marl resulted in delamination, dehydroxylation, and amorphisation of the mineral components (including calcite); while for obsidian, the main effect was particle size reduction. Among all samples prepared, the mechanochemically treated obsidian exhibited the best performance as a SCM and achieved marginally higher strength performance at 20% cement replacement compared with the CEM I cement mortar (with on SCM). The thermally activated clay and marl exhibited highest pozzolanic reactivity than the mechanochemically treated counterparts owning to the formation of free lime from calcination of calcite. However, the mechanochemically treated clay and marl were still able to achieve over 80% of the strength activity index and performed much better than the untreated materials. These results indicate that mechanochemical treatment can effectively improve the pozzolanic reactivity of clay minerals that contain calcite up to 68% without directly emitting process CO2 to the environment (calcination of carbonates), which can be an alternative activation route to the high-temperature calcination-treatment method.
Isatuximab Monotherapy for Desensitization in Highly Sensitized Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplant
Authors: Vincenti Flavio , Bestard Oriol , Brar Amarpali , Cruzado Josep M. , Seron Daniel , Gaber A. Osama , Ali Nicole , Tambur Anat R. , Lee Helen , Abbadessa Giovanni , Paul Jo-Anne , Dudek Markus , Siegel Ruby J. , Torija Alba , Semiond Dorothée , Lépine Lucie , Ternes Nils , Montgomery Robert A. , Stegall Mark 
Published: December 2023

Significance Statement
There is no standardized desensitization regimen for kidney transplant candidates. CD38, expressed by plasma cells, could be targeted for desensitization to deplete plasma cells producing alloantibodies and donor-specific antibodies. Few studies and case reports are available regarding the use of CD38 antibodies for desensitization in patients awaiting kidney transplant. This study shows that isatuximab, a CD38-targeting therapy, was well tolerated in kidney transplant candidates, with a durable decrease in anti-HLA antibodies and partial desensitization activity. The short treatment period and long follow-up of this study allowed for the understanding of the mechanism and timing for any antibody rebound. Isatuximab could be further investigated as an option for adjunct therapy to existing desensitization for patients on the kidney transplant waitlist.

Background
Patients with calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) ≥80.00%, particularly those with cPRA ≥99.90%, are considered highly sensitized and underserved by the Kidney Allocation System. Desensitization removes circulating reactive antibodies and/or suppresses antibody production to increase the chances of a negative crossmatch. CD38 is expressed highly on plasma cells, thus is a potential target for desensitization.

Methods
This was an open-label single-arm phase 1/2 study investigating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of isatuximab in patients awaiting kidney transplantation. There were two cohorts, cohorts A and B, which enrolled cPRA ≥99.90% and 80.00% to <99.90%, respectively.

Results
Twenty-three patients (12 cohort A, 11 cohort B) received isatuximab 10 mg/kg weekly for 4 weeks then every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Isatuximab was well tolerated with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles that indicated similar exposure to multiple myeloma trials. It resulted in decreases in CD38+ plasmablasts, plasma cells, and NK cells and significant reductions in HLA-specific IgG-producing memory B cells. Overall response rate, on the basis of a predefined composite desensitization end point, was 83.3% and 81.8% in cohorts A and B. Most responders had decreases in anti-HLA antibodies that were maintained for 26 weeks after the last dose. Overall, cPRA values were minimally affected, however, with only 9/23 patients (39%) having cPRA decreases to target levels. By study cutoff (median follow-up of 68 weeks), six patients received transplant offers, of which four were accepted.

Conclusions
In this open-label trial, isatuximab was well tolerated and resulted in a durable decrease in anti-HLA antibodies with partial desensitization activity.

Clinical Trial registration number

NCT04294459.
Effect of the neuropeptide compound His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in conditions of stress-induced depression
Authors: Yasenyavskaya A. L. 
Published: December 2023

Depression, being a heterogeneous disorder, is one of the most pressing problems in medicine, due to its high prevalence and the development of severe consequences, both medical and social. Currently, there is an urgent need to study the pathophysiological pathways that determine the development of depression in order to identify targets for the development of innovative multi-targeted drugs.Objective: to study the effect of the neuropeptide compound His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in conditions of stress-induced depression.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on non-linear male rats 6 months old. age, in the amount of 50 individuals. A depressive-like state was modeled by providing constant sensory contact in rats and daily confrontations for 20 days, forming submissive and aggressive types of behavior.Results. It has been established that His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro in conditions of stress-induced depression helps restore the cytokine profile, reducing the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and increasing the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 , IL-10).Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to consider stress-induced depression as an immune-mediated condition, which determines the need to develop new therapeutic and preventive methods taking into account immunological etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms. Analysis of key cytokines of neuroimmune interactions (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) in animals exposed to a stress factor that induces the development of depression under the influence of the neuropeptide compound His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly- Pro showed that one of the ways to realize the action of this substance with a neuropeptide structure is to restore cytokine regulation.
Erythrocyte antigen kel1 in a new form of disease history
Authors: Pokhabov D. S. , Fomina A. Yu. , Shestakov E. B. , Zhiburt E. B. 
Published: December 2023

The accumulated scientific data on the clinical significance of phenotyping antigens of the Kell blood group system were studied. The Elibrary and Pubmed libraries were searched for articles using the keywords “Kell” and “transfusion”, and the validity of the requirement to determine the antigen of the Kell blood group system by current regulations was assessed.The purpose of the determination of the K antigen (KEL1) is practically not very clear. Theoretically, in a K-positive patient, zygosity should be determined by determining the k antigen (KEL2). With the KK phenotype, there is a risk of alloimmunization with the k antigen. However, it is extremely difficult to find a KK-positive donor compatible with ABO and RhD phenotypes. In fact, the risk of alloimmunization with the KEL2 antigen of a KK-positive recipient is considered acceptable and individual donor selection can be made for recipients of multiple transfusions or alloimmunized individuals.In the Elibrary library, 62 publications were found for the term “Kell”. None of them described a patient with the KK phenotype, let alone alloimmunization with the k antigen.Anti-k is rare, even in large laboratories 1 case is detected within several years of observation. The last transfusion hemolytic reaction caused by immunization to KEL2 was described in 1969.Conclusion. Russian regulations require the transfusion of RBCs that are compatible for the KEL1 antigen, but there is no definition of such “compatibility”. World and domestic historical experience testify to the possibility of transfusion to K-positive recipients, both K-positive and K-negative erythrocytes. If there are no K-positive donor erythrocytes in the hospital, the mandatory determination of the KEL1 antigen in potential recipients of donor blood can be excluded.
The use of prognostic scales to assess the effectiveness of the use of anti-cytokine drugs in patients with moderate and severe course of a new coronavirus infection
Authors: Nagumanov S. V. , Abdrashitova A. T. , Popov E. A. 
Published: December 2023

The aim. To analyze the effectiveness of the use of anti-cytokine drugs (tocilizumab, olokizumab and sarilumab) in a single-center retrospective cohort study based on the prediction of clinical outcomes using prognostic scales, with a single administration in patients with moderate to severe course of a new coronavirus infection.Materials and methods. The retrospective cohort study included three groups of patients with single administration of tocilizumab (65 patients), olokizumab (56 patients) and sarilumab (26 patients). All patients were treated in a repurposed infectious diseases hospital for patients with COVID-19 on the basis of Аlexandro-Mariinskaya Regional Clinical Hospital in the period January- August 2021. Upon admission to the hospital and 2 days after administration of the drug, patients were predicted the severity of the course and outcome using prognostic scales: 4C Mortality Score, COVID-GRAM, SHOCS-COVID.Results. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of anti-cytokine drugs using the 4C Mortality Score scale revealed a further deterioration in the prognosis of clinical outcome in the groups receiving tocilizumab (p = 0,002) and sarilumab (p = 0,031). When using the COVID-GRAM predictive scale, further deterioration of the prognosis was also noted in the tocilizumab (p = 0,004) and olokizumab (p = 0,005) groups. The SHOCS-COVID scale showed a further deterioration in the prognosis in the tocilizumab group (p = 0,001).Conclusion. The use of drugs based on monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 and its receptors in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 did not reveal significant positive dynamics in changing the prognosis of clinical outcome 2 days after administration of these drugs.
Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction before surgery: high-sensitivity troponin T or amino-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B?
Authors: Petrova O. V. , Tverdokhlebova D. K. , Shashin S. A. 
Published: December 2023

Currently, there are data in the literature about the importance of the aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B in the diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction.The aim. To study preoperative levels of aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B and high-sensitivity troponin T in patients with acute myocardial infarction and to assess the significance of aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B in patients with this pathology.Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 50 medical records of patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction.The results. Study of preoperative levels of aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B in patients with acute myocardial infarction showed that the values of aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B at hospital admission ranged from 127 to 600 pg/ml; correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r =-0,42, p < 0,05), severity of acute heart failure (r =+0,57, p < 0,05), and outcome of acute myocardial infarction (r =+0,45, p < 0,05). Assessment of the value of aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B in patients with acute myocardial infarction on the basis of comparison with high-sensitivity troponin T revealed no advantages of its use in this pathology as a marker of acute cardiomyocyte damage: aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B has less diagnostic and prognostic value than high-sensitivity troponin T. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction before surgery: highly sensitive troponin T or aminoterminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide type B?
Nasal cavity microbiota features among people who have had COVID-19
Authors: Romanov V. A. , Dukhanina I. V. , Afanas'ev A. V. , Gul'neva M. Y. , Semechkin N. V. 
Published: December 2023

The new coronavirus infection of 2019 is accompanied by damage to a number of organs, tissues, systems of the human body, including the microbiome. However, some aspects of the influence of this infection on the state of the microbiota of individual biotopes in individuals vaccinated with the Gam-COVIDVac vaccine require further research.Purpose: to study the characteristics of the nasal microbiota in vaccinated Gam-COVID-Vac and non-vaccinated individuals who have had COVID-19.Materials and methods: 60 people aged 18 to 23 years old were examined, divided into 3 equal groups: group 1 – vaccinated, sick after vaccination, group 2 – not vaccinated, recovered, group 3 (control) – not sick and not vaccinated. In all examined persons, muconasal secretions from the nasal cavity were examined using conventional bacteriological methods.Results. In the group of unvaccinated and recovered patients, the coronavirus infection caused a significant change in the composition of the nasal cavity microbiota in the form of a significant increase in the number of opportunistic microorganisms (S. aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus spp;) relative to similar indicators in the control group (who had not recovered from the disease and were not vaccinated). In vaccinated and recovering individuals compared with the control group, the changes are unreliable.Conclusion: Transmission of COVID-19 in individuals vaccinated with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine does not lead to changes in the nasal microbiota. Significant changes in the microbiota with an increase in the number of opportunistic microorganisms were found in unvaccinated individuals who underwent COVID-19.
Basit kayan ortalama (SMA) ve ağırlıklı kayan ortalama’nın (WMA) sismik yansıma verisi üzerinde uygulanması
Authors: GURELİ Orhan 
Published: December 2023

ÖZ
Sayısal istatistik işlemlerinde Basit Kayan Ortalama (SMA) ve Ağırlıklı Kayan Ortalama (WMA) çok yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler, ileriye dönük hesaplamalar ve tahminleri optimize etmek amacı ile birçok alanda kullanmaktadır. Özellikle İstatistikte, Mühendislikte ve Jeofizikte bu metotlar yaygın olarak kullanılır. Bu ortalama yöntemleri sismik veri işlem aşamasında “trace mix” ve “trace weighted mix” isimleriyle sismik veriye uygulanır. Bu uygulama ile Sinyal/Gürültü oranının artması ve verinin kalitesinin daha iyi olması sağlanır.

Konvensiyonel sismik yansıma yönteminde, bir atış noktasında 2, 3 veya 4 sweep ile veri toplanır. Bu sweep’ler bazen aynı yerde bazen de move-up olarak adlandırılan yöntemde her sweep farklı noktada yapılır. Genellikle de sahada veri toplama çalışmalarında move-up olacak şekilde veri toplanır. Bu çalışma, sismik yansıma yöntemi ile sahada toplanmış arazi kayıtları üzerinde Basit Kayan Ortalama (SMA) ve Ağırlıklı Kayan Ortalama (WMA) yöntemlerinin uygulamasını içermektedir. Sahadaki veriler, 5 metre arayla 1 sweep ile toplanmış ve sonrasında SMA ve WMA yöntemleri kullanılarak veri kalitesinin artmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar bu çalışma içerisinde gösterilmiştir.
IMPROVING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICY IN RUSSIA IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL DISPARTIES
Authors: Агусев В.А. 
Published: December 2023

В статье рассматривается проблема роста доли бедных слоев населения в России. Текущая социальная политика не способствует решению многих проблем. Опросы россиян и исследования ученых показывают, что один из основных социальных лифтов – высшее образование – становится менее доступным. Государство разработало программу льготного кредитования для оплаты обучения. Однако более трети опрошенных россиян говорят при этом, что относятся к кредитам плохо и никогда его брать не будут. Поэтому предлагается частично перераспределить бюджет, направленный на субсидирование кредитов на образование, на целевое обучение населения для нужд федеральных, региональных и местных органов власти. Также органам власти необходимо осуществлять сотрудничество с образовательными учреждениями, бизнесом и обучающимися студентами в целях модернизации учебного процесса и повышения качества образования. В дополнение к данным мерам следует на основе систематического подхода создавать и реорганизовывать профориентационные центры в регионах на основе лучших мировых и отечественных практик и рекламировать их населению.
The article addresses the problem of the growth of the poor segments of population in Russia. Th e current social policy does not contribute to solving urgents problems in the social and economic sphere. Surveys of Russians and research by scientists show that higher education as one of the main social lift s is becoming less accessible. The state has developed a program of concessional loans for education. However, more than a third of Russians say that they treat loans badly and will never take them. Therefore, it is proposed to partially redistribute the budget aimed at subsidizing loans, for targeted training of the population for the needs of federal, regional and local authorities. Also, the authorities need to cooperate with business and students in order to modernize the educational process and improve the quality of education. In addition to these measures, it is necessary to create and reorganize career guidance centers in the regions based on the best world and domestic practices and promote them among the population.