bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances and gaps in the science and practice of impact‐based forecasting of droughts
Authors: Shyrokaya Anastasiya , Pappenberger Florian , Pechlivanidis Ilias , Messori Gabriele , Khatami Sina , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Di Baldassarre Giuliano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdvances in impact modeling and numerical weather forecasting have allowed accurate drought monitoring and skilful forecasts that can drive decisions at the regional scale. State‐of‐the‐art drought early‐warning systems are currently based on statistical drought indicators, which do not account for dynamic regional vulnerabilities, and hence neglect the socio‐economic impact for initiating actions. The transition from conventional physical forecasts of droughts toward impact‐based forecasting (IbF) is a recent paradigm shift in early warning services, to ultimately bridge the gap between science and action. The demand to generate predictions of “what the weather will do” underpins the rising interest in drought IbF across all weather‐sensitive sectors. Despite the large expected socio‐economic benefits, migrating to this new paradigm presents myriad challenges. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of drought IbF, outlining the progress made in the field. Additionally, we present a road map highlighting current challenges and limitations in the science and practice of drought IbF and possible ways forward. We identify seven scientific and practical challenges/limitations: the contextual challenge (inadequate accounting for the spatio‐sectoral dynamics of vulnerability and exposure), the human‐water feedbacks challenge (neglecting how human activities influence the propagation of drought), the typology challenge (oversimplifying drought typology to meteorological), the model challenge (reliance on mainstream machine learning models), and the data challenge (mainly textual) with the linked sectoral and geographical limitations. Our vision is to facilitate the progress of drought IbF and its use in making informed and timely decisions on mitigation measures, thus minimizing the drought impacts globally.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Methods
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
The metaverse—Not a new frontier for crime
Authors: Marshall Angus McKenzie , Tompsett Brian Charles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaw enforcement co‐ordination agencies have recently issued position/guidance documents relating to the potential for VR environments (the “Metaverse”) to become new environment for criminal activity, and calling for additional work to enhance investigative capability. By reviewing the historic development of VR and comparing it with the appearance of the WWW, the authors propose that the situation is not as dire as the issued documents may suggest, but represents an evolutionary rather than revolutionary step in online experiences. They conclude, therefore, that while ability to examine VR presentation/interaction devices may be useful, continued development of ability to examine online systems remains essential.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Multimedia Forensics
Digital and Multimedia Science > Cybercrime Investigation
Digital and Multimedia Science > Artificial Intelligence
Hauptteil
Authors: Landscheidt Dr. jur. Fabian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungBei Daten im patentrechtlichen Sinne handelt es sich um maschinenlesbar codierte Informationen, die in Form elektrischer Spannungen auf einem physischen Träger gespeichert werden können. Aufgrund ihrer funktionalen Vergleichbarkeit mit Computerprogrammen lassen sich Daten als Unterkategorie des Programmbegriffs i.S.d. § 1 Abs. 3 Nr. 3 PatG / Art. 52 Abs. 2 lit. c EPÜ einordnen. Daten weisen dann die für die Begründung des derivaten Verfahrenserzeugnisschutz notwendige sachlich-technische Prägung auf, wenn sie computerimplementiert sind und einen technischen Effekt erzeugen und/oder wenn die ihnen zugrundeliegende Information – unabhängig vom konkreten Bedeutungsgehalt – zu einer ergonomischeren Mensch-Computer-Kommunikation führt. Mit den „Computerimplementierten Daten“ einerseits und den „Mensch-Computer-Informationen“ andererseits lassen sich zwei Fallgruppen bilden, denen zur Folge Daten eine direkte und Information eine indirekte technische Wirkung auf ein technisches Mittel haben können, um somit im Rahmen der erfinderischen Tätigkeit Berücksichtigung zu finden. Ist der konkrete Bedeutungsinhalt der Informationen austausch- oder ersetzbar, besteht keine Gefahr, dass einzelne Informationen durch den patentrechtlichen Schutz monopolisiert werden. Dagegen lässt sich der Sachpatentschutz von Daten weder mit der Übertragung der zum Verfahrenserzeugnisschutz entwickelten Grundsätze noch im Sinne einer Analogie zum pbp-Anspruch oder gar der Substitution des Körperlichkeitskriteriums durch technische Überlegungen einer sog. KI rechtfertigen.
Weakly Supervised Entity Alignment
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Zeng Weixin , Tang Jiuyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe majority of state-of-the-art entity alignment solutions heavily rely on the labeled data, which are difficult to obtain in practice. Therefore, it calls for the study of EA with scarce supervision. To resolve this issue, we put forward a reinforced active entity alignment framework to select the entities to be manually labeled with the aim of enhancing alignment performance with minimal labeling efforts. Under this framework, we further devise an unsupervised contrastive loss to contrast different views of entity representations and augment the limited supervision signals by exploiting the vast unlabeled data. We empirically evaluate our proposal on eight popular KG pairs, and the results demonstrate that our proposed model and its components consistently boost the alignment performance under scarce supervision.
The emergence proposal and the emergent string
Authors: Blumenhagen Ralph , Gligovic Aleksandar , Paraskevopoulou Antonia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We explore the Emergence Proposal for the moduli metric and the gauge couplings in a concrete model with 7 saxionic and 7 axionic moduli fields, namely the compactification of the type IIA superstring on a 6-dimensional toroidal orbifold. We show that consistency requires integrating out precisely the 12 towers of light particle species arising from KK and string/brane winding modes and one asymptotically tensionless string up to the species scale. After pointing out an issue with the correct definition of the species scale in the presence of string towers, we carry out the emergence computation and find that the KK and winding modes indeed impose the classical moduli dependence on the one-loop corrections, while the emergent string induces moduli dependent logarithmic suppressions. The interpretation of these results for the Emergence Proposal are discussed revealing a couple of new and still not completely settled aspects.
The metabolomic signature of weight loss and remission in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Corbin Laura J. , Hughes David A. , Bull Caroline J. , Vincent Emma E. , Smith Madeleine L. , McConnachie Alex , Messow Claudia-Martina , Welsh Paul , Taylor Roy , Lean Michael E. J. , Sattar Naveed , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
High-throughput metabolomics technologies in a variety of study designs have demonstrated a consistent metabolomic signature of overweight and type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which these metabolomic patterns can be reversed with weight loss and diabetes remission has been weakly investigated. We aimed to characterise the metabolomic consequences of a weight-loss intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We analysed 574 fasted serum samples collected within an existing RCT (the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial [DiRECT]) (N=298). In the trial, participating primary care practices were randomly assigned (1:1) to provide either a weight management programme (intervention) or best-practice care by guidelines (control) treatment to individuals with type 2 diabetes. Here, metabolomics analysis was performed on samples collected at baseline and 12 months using both untargeted MS and targeted 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Multivariable regression models were fitted to evaluate the effect of the intervention on metabolite levels.

Results
Decreases in branched-chain amino acids, sugars and LDL triglycerides, and increases in sphingolipids, plasmalogens and metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism were associated with the intervention (Holm-corrected p<0.05). In individuals who lost more than 9 kg between baseline and 12 months, those who achieved diabetes remission saw greater reductions in glucose, fructose and mannose, compared with those who did not achieve remission.

Conclusions/interpretation
We have characterised the metabolomic effects of an integrated weight management programme previously shown to deliver weight loss and diabetes remission. A large proportion of the metabolome appears to be modifiable. Patterns of change were largely and strikingly opposite to perturbances previously documented with the development of type 2 diabetes.

Data availability
The data used for analysis are available on a research data repository (https://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/) with access given to researchers subject to appropriate data sharing agreements. Metabolite data preparation, data pre-processing, statistical analyses and figure generation were performed in R Studio v.1.0.143 using R v.4.0.2. The R code for this study has been made publicly available on GitHub at: https://github.com/lauracorbin/metabolomics_of_direct.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of Motion Grading in 1,000 Patients by First- and Second-Generation HR-pQCT: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Bartosik Mikolaj , Simon Alexander , Strahl André , Oheim Ralf , Amling Michael , Schmidt Felix N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn-vivo bone microstructure measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is gaining importance in research and clinical practice. Second-generation HR-pQCT (XCT2) shows improved image quality and shorter measurement duration compared to the first generation (XCT1). Predicting and understanding the occurrence of motion artifacts is crucial for clinical practice. We retrospectively analyzed data from HR-pQCT measurements at the distal radius and tibia of 1,000 patients (aged 20 to 89) evenly distributed between both generations of HR-pQCT. Motion artifacts were graded between 1 (no motion) and 5 (severe motion), with grades greater 3 considered unusable. Additionally, baseline characteristics and patients’ muscle performance and balance were measured. Various group comparisons between the two generations of HR-pQCT and regression analyses between patient characteristics and motion grading were performed. The study groups of XCT1 and XCT2 did not differ by age (XCT1: 64.9 vs. XCT2: 63.8 years, p = 0.136), sex (both 74.5% females, p > 0.999), or BMI (both 24.2 kg/m2, p = 0.911) after propensity score matching. XCT2 scans exhibited significantly lower motion grading in both extremities compared to XCT1 (Radius: p < 0.001; Tibia: p = 0.002). In XCT2 motion-corrupted scans were more than halved at the radius (XCT1: 35.3% vs. XCT2: 15.5%, p < 0.001), and at the tibia the frequency of best image quality scans was increased (XCT1: 50.2% vs. XCT2: 63.7%, p < 0.001). The strongest independent predictor for motion-corrupted images is the occurrence of high motion grading at the other scanning site during the same consultation. The association between high motion grading in one scan and a corresponding high motion grading in another scan within the same session suggests a non-resting patient. Additionally, aged, female, and patients with smaller stature tend towards higher motion grading, requiring special attention to a correct extremity fixation.
Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of the multizone NeVaTM stent retriever for mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke
Authors: Masthoff Max , Krähling Hermann , Akkurt Burak Han , Elsharkawy Mohamed , Köhler Michael , Ergawy Mostafa , Thomas Christian , Schwindt Wolfram , Minnerup Jens , Stracke Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the NeVaTM stent retriever as first- and second-line device for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, all consecutive patients that underwent mechanical thrombectomy with NeVaTM stent retriever as first- or second-line device due to intracranial vessel occlusion with acute ischemic stroke between March and November 2022 were included.

Results
Thirty-nine patients (m=18, f=21) with a mean age of 69.9 ± 13.3 years were treated with the NeVaTM stent retriever. NeVaTM stent retriever was used as first-line device in 24 (61.5%) of patients and in 15 (38.5%) as second-line device. First-pass rate (≥mTICI 2c) of NeVaTM stent retriever was both 66.7% when used as first- or second-line device. Final recanalization rate including rescue strategies was 92.3% for ≥mTICI2c and 94.9% for ≥mTICI2b. No device-related minor or major adverse events were observed. A hemorrhage was detected in 33.3% of patients at 24h post-thrombectomy dual-energy CT, of which none was classified as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. NIHSS and mRS improved significantly at discharge compared to admission (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The NeVaTM stent retriever has a high effectivity and good safety profile as first- and second-line device for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.
Recommendations for standard criteria for the positional and morphological evaluation of temporomandibular joint osseous structures using cone-beam CT: a systematic review
Authors: Almashraqi Abeer A. , Sayed Boshra A. , Mokli Lujain K. , Jaafari Sarah A. , Halboub Esam , Parveen Sameena , Al-Ak’hali Mohammed Sultan , Alhammadi Maged S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
This systematic review aimed to appraise the reliability and comprehensiveness of imaging methods in studies that used three-dimensional assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in order to propose a standardized imaging method.

Methods
Six databases/search engines were searched up until September 2022. The outcomes of interest included measurements of the mandibular condyle, glenoid fossa, joint spaces, or the entire TMJ. Two checklists were utilized: one to assess the risk of bias, with a maximum score of 37, and the other, a pre-designed checklist consisting of 22 items to evaluate the comprehensiveness of the methods used, with a maximum score of 33.

Results
Out of the 2567 records retrieved, only 14 studies, which used cone bean computed tomography (CBCT), were deemed eligible and thus included in the qualitative analysis. Three studies were deemed of low risk of bias, while the remaining studies were rated as moderate to high risk of bias, primarily due to improper reporting of inter-observer agreement, varying reliability values, and a limited number of cases included in the reliability analysis. Regarding the comprehensiveness of the methods used, only four studies achieved relatively high scores. The deficiencies observed were related to the reporting of variables such as slice thickness and voxel size, absence of or improper reporting of intra- and inter-examiner reliability analyses, and failure to assess all osseous components of the TMJ.

Conclusion
CBCT-based methods used to assess the positions and morphology of TMJ bony structures appear to be imperfect and lacking in comprehensiveness. Hence, criteria for a standardized assessment method of these TMJ structures are proposed.

Clinical relevance statement
Accurately, comprehensively, and reliably assessing the osseous structures of the temporomandibular joint will provide valid and valuable diagnostic features of the normal temporomandibular joint, and help establish potential associations between these osseous features and temporomandibular disorders.

Registration
The protocol for this systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, No.: CRD42020199792).

Key Points
•Although many methods have been introduced to assess the osseous structure of the temporomandibular joint, they yielded inconsistent findings.
•None of the published studies comprehensively assessed the temporomandibular joint.
•Recommendations for a comprehensive temporomandibular joint osseous assessment method were suggested for better validity and reliability of future research.
Reynolds Number Dependency of Wall-Bounded Turbulence Over a Surface Partially Covered by Barnacle Clusters
Authors: Sarakinos Sotirios , Busse Angela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe settlement of barnacles on a ship hull is a common form of marine biofouling. In this study, the Reynolds number dependency of turbulent flow over a surface partially covered by barnacle clusters is investigated using direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow at friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 180 to 720. Mean flow, Reynolds and dispersive stress statistics are evaluated and compared to the corresponding results for a generic irregular rough surface with a Gaussian height distribution. For the barnacle surface, distinctive features emerge in the velocity statistics due to the interplay between the barnacle clusters and the large, connected smooth-wall sections surrounding them. This aspect is further investigated by applying a rough-smooth decomposition to the local time-averaged flow statistics for the barnacle surface. Using this decomposition, the partial recovery of smooth-wall behaviour over the smooth sections of the barnacle surface can be observed in the Reynolds stress statistics with the streamwise Reynolds stresses exhibiting a similar behaviour as previously found for boundary layers over surfaces with a rough to smooth transition.
Diet-habitat ecology of invasive tilapia and native fish in a tropical river catchment following a tilapia invasion
Authors: O’Mara Kaitlyn , Venarsky Michael , Marshall Jonathan , Stewart-Koster Ben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany species of tilapia (a collection of fish species from the cichlidae family) have biological traits that make them successful invaders. Widespread herbivory has been observed across tilapia species, however knowledge on habitat preferences and tilapia interactions with native fish food webs is limited. This study was conducted three years after spotted (Pelmatolapia mariae) and Mozambique (Oreochromis mossambicus) tilapia were detected in the Mitchell River catchment, northern Australia. Tilapia diet and habitat preferences and their trophic position in native fish food webs was determined using a combination of stomach content, stable isotope, and habitat assessment analyses. Plant material was the most abundant item in tilapia stomachs, and some stomachs also contained other items in small quantities, such as fish eggs, small shrimp, and bivalves. Some niche overlap occurred between P. mariae and native omnivore or herbivore fish species. Macrohabitat type (in-channel (no tilapia), floodplain (no tilapia), weir (tilapia present)) was related to native fish food web structure, with weir food webs showing similarities to floodplain food webs. Floodplain habitats including creeks and wetlands were also most similar to weir habitats and may therefore be most at risk of colonization as tilapia spread throughout the catchment. This study clearly demonstrated that the successful rapid invasion of these two tilapia species is linked to suitable habitat with abundant food that fuels growth and reproduction. These findings increase understanding of diet related habitat use during new tilapia invasions and trophic interactions with native species.
Robots2school: telepresence-mediated learning in the hybrid classroom – experiences in education support for children during cancer treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: Weibel Mette , Bergdahl Nina , Hallström Inger Kristensson , Skoubo Sofie , Bertel Lykke Brogaard , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Larsen Hanne Baekgaard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildren with cancer experience recurring hospitalizations and isolation during treatment, which affect their school attendance. This study explores experiences of children with cancer, their classmates, and teachers with using the telepresence robot as a learning mediator in the hybrid classroom during treatment periods. 31 children with cancer (aged 7–17 years), 30 teachers, and 118 classmates participated in interviews and 19 h of participant observations were undertaken in nine classrooms. The Agential Realism Theory and Situational Analysis framed the data analysis. There was a single overarching theme, “Telepresence robot didactic,“ and five sub-themes (Telepresence mediated learning, school-home collaboration, hybrid robot teaching, intra-actions in class, and inclusive spatiality). This study advocates the complexity of telepresence robot didactics, emphasizing that numerous human and other factors must intra-act and work simultaneously to achieve optimal learning conditions for children during cancer treatment. This includes considerations such as modality availability for the remote child; the teacher’s understanding of telepresence robot didactic and hybrid learning; the classmate’s ability to involve the remote child in groupwork; the child’s own treatment protocol, the robot’s functionalities, and spatiality in the class. Strategies for use and the systematic surveillance of telepresence robots are needed to ensure that children during cancer treatment do not lag in academic achievement. This study proposes that children with cancer can continue participating in class while hospitalized or isolated and consequently reduce social and academic setbacks.
Emergency remote teaching of listening comprehension using YouTube videos with captions
Authors: Boltiziar Jana , Munkova Dasa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEmergency remote teaching of listening comprehension is a challenge requiring rethinking of the delivery methods and use of technologies. The paper presents an approach to teaching listening comprehension remotely to students of translating and interpreting for whom this skill will be crucial in their future profession. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of using YouTube videos with captions in listening comprehension lessons on the students’ listening skills and their confidence in foreign language use. A standard questionnaire was used to record their learning experience. In spite of being taught remotely, students improved in listening comprehension and profited from being able to consider their individual needs during listening assignments. They used captions in comprehension difficulties similar to those in real life, such as strong accents, fast speech, and unknown words. Positive correlation was identified between the use of captions and students’ performance in listening tests. It appears captions have a potential to help improve in listening, recognizing accents, segmenting connected speech, and acquiring new vocabulary.