bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual disabilities across cultures: The case of South America
Authors: Torales Julio , O’Higgins Marcelo , Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intellectual disability is one of the disabilities with the greatest variation in terms and definitions. The World Health Organization reports that the aetiology of intellectual disability is unknown in 60% of cases. In cases where it can be determined, it can be grouped into four categories: genetic disorders, chromosomal disorders, biological and organic causes, and environmental causes. Approximately 10% of the population of South America has some type of disability. This condition is challenging to assess and address in developing countries due to its stigma and the scarcity of appropriate resources to offer to these patients by public and private entities. South America consists of 12 countries, with some common backgrounds but very diverse multiple areas. There is a variety of cultural groups in each country and different ways of engaging the difficulties that come with intellectual disability. In recent years there has been a substantial increase in efforts to integrate people with intellectual disabilities into different social environments, whether educational, work, sports, and so on. In this sense, multiple efforts have been made by public and private entities and they have had different levels of response.
Intellectual disability services in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Perera Dhara N. , Elangovan Soman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Globally, people with intellectual disability (ID), their carers, and their families experience significant challenges in accessing services. There is a 60% prevalence of major mental illnesses and disorders among people with ID over their lifetime, affecting their functional capacity, presentation to services for health problems, and quality of life. This chapter focuses on the services available for people with ID in Australia and New Zealand. Since there are different models of care and service delivery between the nations, these have been discussed separately. In Australia, the National Disability Insurance Scheme is the primary service provider for people with ID, delivered via the National Disability Insurance Agency. This followed the reform of the previous National Disability Agreement. State-based variations in services have been described separately. There are several publicly funded New Zealand based services by the Ministry of Health that are designed to address the needs of people with ID.
A Narrative Review of Existing and Developing Biomarkers in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury for Potential Military Deployed Use
Authors: Kocik Veronica I , Dengler Bradley A , Rizzo Julie A , MA Moran Margaret , Willis Adam M , April Michael D , Schauer Steven G 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both adult civilian and military populations. Currently, diagnostic and prognostic methods are limited to imaging and clinical findings. Biomarker measurements offer a potential method to assess head injuries and help predict outcomes, which has a potential benefit to the military, particularly in the deployed setting where imaging modalities are limited. We determine how biomarkers such as ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, neurofilament light chain (NFL), and tau proteins can offer important information to guide the diagnosis, acute management, and prognosis of TBI, specifically in military personnel.

Materials and Methods
We performed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature using online databases of Google Scholar and PubMed. We included articles published between 1988 and 2022.

Results
We screened a total of 73 sources finding a total of 39 original research studies that met inclusion for this review. We found five studies that focused on GFAP, four studies that focused on UCH-L1, eight studies that focused on tau proteins, six studies that focused on NFL, and eight studies that focused on S100B. The remainder of the studies included more than one of the biomarkers of interest.

Conclusions
TBI occurs frequently in the military and civilian settings with limited methods to diagnose and prognosticate outcomes. We highlighted several promising biomarkers for these purposes including S100B, UCH-L1, NFL, GFAP, and tau proteins. S100B and UCH-L1 appear to have the strongest data to date, but further research is necessary. The robust data that explain the optimal timing and, more importantly, trending of these biomarker measurements are necessary before widespread application.
Clinical and Genotypic Insights Into Higher Prevalence of Palbociclib Associated Neutropenia in Asian Patients
Authors: Lai Jiun-I , Kuo Ting-Hao , Huang Kuan-Jung , Chai Laura Min Xuan , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Liu Chun-Yu , Tsai Yi-Fang , Huang Chi-Cheng , Tseng Ling-Ming , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Chao Ta-Chung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have shown great efficacy in prolonging progression-free survival and is the current standard of care for hormone positive (HR(+)) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Despite well tolerability and ease of use, the most common side effect of CDK4/6i is myelosuppression, with neutropenia the most prevalent adverse effect. Studies show that the prevalence and severity of neutropenia are more marked in Asian patients, although details remain obscure.

Methods
In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 105 Taiwanese patients who received palbociclib for HR(+) HER2(−) mBC at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital. To investigate a possible genetic association for high prevalence of neutropenia, we queried the Taiwan Biobank with publicly available germline databases (ALFA, gnomAD, ExAC, 1000 Genomes project, HapMap), for the allele frequencies of 4 neutropenia-related SNPs (ABCB1_rs1045642, ABCB1_rs1128503, ERCC1_rs3212986, ERCC1_rs11615) and compared between different ethnicities. In addition, one of the patients was a long-term patient with peritoneal dialysis. We quantified the levels of palbociclib in her serum and peritoneal fluid by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Results
Interestingly, in our cohort, early neutropenia nadir (occurred within 56 days of start) was associated with worse treatment outcome, while occurrence of grade 3/4 neutropenia was associated with better outcome. We observed an extremely high incidence of neutropenia (96.2% any grade, 70.4% grade 3/4). In the analyzed germline databases, we discovered a higher SNP frequency of the T allele in ABCB1_rs1128503, a lower frequency of T allele in ABCB1_rs1045642, and a higher SNP frequency of G allele in ERCC1_rs11615. We observed that palbociclib levels in peritoneal dialysate ranged from around 20-50 ppb, and serum levels reached 100-110 ppb during drug administration and decreased to &lt;10 ppb during discontinuation.

Conclusion
Our retrospective analysis of real world palbociclib use reveals an association with grade 3/4 neutropenia with better outcome and early neutropenia nadir with worse outcome. Our findings of Asian specific SNPs support a predisposition toward profound and prevalent neutropenia in Asian patients under CDK4/6i. We also report the first pharmacokinetics analysis on a patient with peritoneal dialysis receiving CDK4/6i. In summary, our study provides novel clinical and genotypic insights into CDK4/6i associated neutropenia.
Coping with Stress
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the many ways that people cope with adversity (e.g., active planning, distraction, seeking support from family, friends, etc.), paying particular attention to religious coping (RC). RC involves turning to prayer, seeking support from God and/or one’s faith community, or searching for guidance in the holy scriptures. The prevalence of RC is examined in different parts of the world, such as the United States, the Middle East, parts of Africa, Northern Europe, and China. Research has shown that religious involvement may buffer the effects of negative life experiences on mental health, but not always. Negative forms of religious coping are also examined. The relationship between RC and mental health is a complex one, requiring scientific methodology that is often expensive and difficult to carry out. RC and mental health are not static phenomena, but rather are changing over time and responding to changes in one another.
Suicide
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines suicide rates in the United States and other countries throughout world. Suicide rates are increasing despite rapid advances in psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments (and increasing availability of such treatments). The increased suicide risk, particularly in certain segments of the population, has now become a public health problem. The authors speculate whether increasing secularization and reduction of religious involvement might explain a significant portion of the increase in suicide rate in some parts of the world. Systematic research is then reviewed on religion and suicide, including well-designed prospective and experimental studies. The results suggest that religious involvement reduces suicide risk by religious prohibitions against suicide and by the beneficial effects that religion has on factors that cause or prevent suicide. Based on this research, the authors make recommendations for clinicians and clergy on sensitively utilizing patients’ religious resources to help reduce suicide risk.
Delinquency and Crime
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the impact of religion on juvenile delinquency and adult crime. The authors first define these terms and then discuss the prevalence, costs, and lifelong consequences of antisocial behaviors of this type. They next examine the causes of delinquency and crime, including genetic, biological, environmental, social, psychological, individual determinants, and gene-environment interactions. The authors then speculate on how religious involvement might prevent the development of delinquency/crime or assist in their treatment, focusing on known determinants. As usual, they summarize research that has examined the relationship between religion and delinquency or crime, with an emphasis on large prospective studies. They examine religious-based programs designed for juvenile delinquents and adult criminals and review their effectiveness. Finally, suggestions for clinical application by health and religious professionals are provided.
Heart Disease
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heart disease is a disabling, deadly, and costly medical condition. This chapter begins by examining the causes of heart disease, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD). Almost every cause of CHD is affected in one way or another by religious beliefs and practices. Next, the authors hypothesize ways that religious involvement might impact the development and course of CHD through direct and indirect pathways (mostly indirect through psychosocial and behavioral influences). They also review early and more recent quantitative research examining the relationship between religiosity and CHD to identify the role that religious beliefs and practices might play in helping individuals with heart disease to cope with this disabling condition. Recommendations for future research are recommended and applications in the clinic and community are suggested.
Immune Function
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins with a description of various molecules, proteins, and cells that make up the immune system. Next, determinants of immune function are reviewed, including demographic influences, biomedical effects, genetic factors, environmental factors, gene-environment interactions, psychological influences (maternal stress, chronic adult stress, traumatic stress, anxiety, negative emotions such as depression, and positive emotions), social factors (social support, social integration, isolation), and behavioral factors (physical activity/exercise, diet, weight, cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol use, illicit drug use). This is followed by a case example and a review of early and recent research on the relationship between religiosity and immune function, studies that examine associations with inflammatory markers, immune cells (number and function), and downstream effects of immune functioning (susceptibility to infection and course of infection). Recommendations for future research are then provided, and application for health professionals and religious professionals are suggested.
Three Sovereigns
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins with the important role Native governments play in the lives of their citizens, then highlights the distinctive legal, political, and cultural status of Native nations. It outlines how these governments are broadly situated politically and how they relate both constitutionally and extra-constitutionally to state governments and the federal government. It also includes a discussion of how Native nations are both similar to and different from those of their sovereign neighbors. This chapter aims to provide both the recognition and respect Indigenous governments deserve to be accorded, while at the same time offering a candid and fact-based critique of those aspects of Native governments meriting scrutiny.
Political Organization B.C. (Before Contact)
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter draws broadly from historical, legal, and anthropological literature to show how Indigenous societies were historically organized via extensive kinship networks that utilized clans, reciprocity, and responsibility in their structures and principles. The chapter emphasizes the ideas that are crucial to understanding how Indigenous peoples were organized socially, politically, and culturally before the European arrival. These include freedom, liberty, autonomy, a sense of territorial sovereignty and integrity, an understanding of peoplehood steeped in religious or spiritual understandings, and recognition of the importance of customary and natural law as a guiding force in individual and collective lives. Case studies of the Inuit and Yupic peoples within Alaska, the Tohono O’odham within Arizona and Mexico, and the Fox Nation are included to highlight the many differences in Native societies.
Modern Native Constitutionalism
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the dynamic political, legal, educational, cultural, and economic changes that were begun during the Roosevelt Administration. John Collier, Felix S. Cohen, and Nathan Margold were the principal federal officials located in the Department of the Interior who created a series of policies and procedures and helped introduce legislation—of their own accord and at the behest of Native nations—designed to revitalize and stabilize Indigenous sovereignty. During the decade between 1934 and 1944 Native nations begin to generate greater cultural expressions, create constitutional governments, and rebuild their land holdings. This was a time when federal dominance finally relented as Native self-determination was encouraged and supported.
Governing Systems
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes and assesses various forms of governance currently utilized by Native nations: constitutions, articles of association (incorporation), general councils, customs and traditions, corporations, charters, and others. The Native nations found ways to adjust to radically altered landscapes after the permanent arrival and mixture of intercultural clashes and coalitions with the newly established Euro-American entities spawned as those settlers established permanent homes in North America. Some Native communities were able to retain essential elements of some of their traditional institutions; in many other cases they made strategic modifications to pre-existing institutions; and a number of them forged completely new institutions to cope with their radically changed environments. The chapter considers the relative strengths and weaknesses of these structural arrangements and examines the persistent tensions that exist as Native nations strive to balance racial identity with culturally and politically based governing systems. Also described is the governmental conflict on reservations that are the shared territories of more than one Tribal nation.
Citizenship and Membership
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter gets into the thorny question of what it means to belong to an Indigenous community. Many Native nations utilize the term “member” to describe those who are formally part of the constituency of a particular Tribal nation and a few use the term “citizen” to describe those who are formally included in the nation’s citizenry. While there is some overlap between the two terms, those terms are not synonymous. A tool used by many Native governments to determine membership or citizenship is “blood quantum:” that is, an individual must somehow be able to prove that they have a sufficient amount of “Indian” or “Tribal” blood in order to be recognized as a member of the community. The typical fractions include 1/8, 1/4, 1/2. This chapter analyzes this complicated and arbitrary tool and discusses how it is sometimes manipulated by Tribal officials if they want to formally disenroll or denationalize a Tribal citizen. It also describes how for many decades the federal government’s Department of the Interior acted as the final arbiter—deciding who belonged as members/citizens in Native nations.
Political Economics
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a general description and analysis of Indigenous efforts to reestablish and fortify economic sovereignty within their respective homelands. This is essential since most Tribal economies were devastated during the colonial and early American eras, culminating in most Native peoples being concentrated on massively reduced land bases with little or no means to engage in economic practices to maintain sustainable livelihoods. It then focuses on several key political economic practices that have enabled many to stabilize their economies and even grow them. Case studies include (1) taxation programs, (2) gaming operations, (3) Indigenous land acquisitions and development, (4) energy development (i.e., coal, gas, oil, and uranium), (5) natural economics, including buffalo ranching and marijuana/hemp businesses, and (6) renewable energy, including wind and solar power.
Indian Country Justice
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of how justice is administered across Indian Country in the nearly 400 Tribal court systems that are in operation. Tribal courts deal with many critical issues, including contracts, child welfare, zoning, natural resources, elections, ethics, malfeasance and misfeasance, membership, gaming, and others. Historically, Native societies operated through a cultural lens of kinship in which justice was pursued in a generally non-coercive fashion. Federal officials introduced the adversarial approach in the 1880s through the establishment of Courts of Indian Offenses by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in coordination with the local Indian agent. The chapter then discusses how many Native nations, beginning in the 1930s, created their own court systems to deal with local issues. It then provides case studies of several Native nations and their judicial systems, including judicial review, appointment procedures, and grounds for removal of Tribal judges. It ends with a discussion of the increasing numbers of nations that are reviving traditional justice systems that are based on peacemaking and restorative justice, meaning they are grounded in trust and support rather than merely meting out punishment.
Conclusion
Authors: Wilkins David E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter recaps the book’s major ideas, questions, and themes. It then addresses some of the positive features of Indigenous governance and explains why they are so vitally important to their constituencies and their neighboring polities. It then describes some of the more daunting challenges these governments face and explains why some Native governments are more effective than others in providing the services and protections their citizens need and expect. Finally, it outlines a number of recommendations to strengthen, clarify, and improve Indigenous governance. The relationship, for example, between traditionalism and cultural integrity is critical as Native governments look to represent their constituencies more effectively, while at the same time exercising the capacity and political acumen necessary to deal effectively with local, state, federal governments, the corporate world, and the non-Native public
Of Birds, Ballerinas, and Other Creatures
Authors: Alonso-Minutti Ana R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a group of Lavista’s solo, chamber, and orchestral pieces that establish a connection with literary texts, pictorial works (paintings, drawings, and installations), and dance. It opens with a discussion of pieces that present intertextuality at play involving Gerhart Muench, Ezra Pound, and Jorge Luis Borges, among others. It also offers an exploration of compositions where Lavista responded to paintings or envisioned music to accompany art installations; one of these works was done in conjunction with Tambuco and Carmen Thierry for Ricardo Mazal’s exhibition, Kailash. The metaphor of mirrors—the central concept of the present volume—is useful for grasping the ways in which each intertext bounces back to another. In each bounce—or reflection—a spiral of meaning is drawn. Dance had a significant place in Lavista’s life. His connection with dance became even stronger when his only daughter, Claudia Lavista, became a dancer and choreographer. The chapter also explores the intertextual possibilities that arise by incorporating previously composed music into new compositions. In doing so, Lavista transformed the past of his previous works by giving them new meaning and a new future.
Relevant Theoretical and Research Frameworks for Understanding Emerging Adulthood and the Development of the Current Study
Authors: Shulman Shmuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lives of emerging adults seem to be characterized by lack of commitment to a current job or relationship and lack of long-term articulated goals. It has been theorized that nowadays young people continue to explore their identity, and until this process is complete, they are self-focused and unstable. Although this theory is widely accepted, there is no indication of whether the long-term outcomes are more beneficial to those who were involved in identity exploration for many years. Based on earlier follow-up studies of emerging adults, the author learned that there is not one linear route to adulthood. Individuals may take different routes, and these routes might differ in the clarity of the goals that guide the pursuit, the pace taken, and the changes made along the road. These insights led to the inception of a 12-year study to better understand how young people navigate to adulthood.