bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans‐synaptic increase of hypoxic tolerance in hippocampus upon physical challenge with two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Büchner Maren , Huber Roman , Riepe Matthias W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNeuronal hypoxic tolerance is modulated by preceding challenges. We investigated hypoxic tolerance in CA1 pyramidal cells of murine hippocampal slices upon preceding physical challenge with two‐photon illumination in close spatial proximity to the recorded area, at distant presynaptic neurons, or preceding chemical treatment with acetylsalicylic acid while zinc fluorescence was assessed with fluorescence measurement upon staining with N‐(6‐methoxy‐8‐quinolyl)‐para‐toluenesulfonamide (TSQ). Posthypoxic recovery (15 min hypoxia, 45 min recovery) of CA1 population spike amplitude (PSAP) upon stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in hippocampal region CA3 was 20 ± 38% (mean ±SD; n = 15) in control slices. At the end of hypoxia, zinc fluorescence increased to 120 ± 16% (P < 0.05 to control) in slices that later recovered and 141 ± 20% in slices that did not recover (P < 0.01 to control; P < 0.05 compared with returns). Multi‐photon illumination alone was an appropriate physical challenge to improve hypoxic tolerance, even trans‐synaptically. Depending on the number of illuminations posthypoxic PSAP increased up to 84 ± 25% (P < 0.01 to control) upon illumination of hippocampal region CA1 and 85 ± 28% (P < 0.01 to control) upon illumination of CA3. With the latter treatment, zinc fluorescence in CA1 increased to 126 ± 20% before hypoxia (P < 0.05 to control), and no further zinc increase was observed upon subsequent hypoxia. Similar results were obtained upon chemical preconditioning with acetylsalicylate. We conclude that observation of live specimen with multi‐photon imaging alters the physiology of neuronal cell ensembles, including hypoxic tolerance, even trans‐synaptically at long distances from the imaged area. This is mediated in part through endogenous modulation by zinc. Mild zinc increase improves hypoxic tolerance while pronounced increase predicts neuronal cell death. Hippocampus 2002;12:765–773. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posttraining but not pretraining lesions of the hippocampus interfere with feature‐negative discrimination of fear‐potentiated startle
Authors: Heldt Scott A. , Coover Gary D. , Falls William A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the hippocampus may play an important role in some forms of inhibitory learning. The goal of the present study was to assess whether the hippocampus is also important for inhibition of fear acquired after serial feature‐negative discrimination training. Rats were given aspiration lesions of the hippocampus either before or after training in which a target light was paired with shock when presented alone, but not paired with shock when presented in serial compound with a noise feature (light+/noise→light−). Conditioned fear to the target stimulus and feature‐target compound were measured with fear‐potentiated startle. Pretraining lesion of the hippocampus did not disrupt feature‐negative discrimination performance relative to sham‐operated and cortical lesioned controls. In contrast, hippocampal lesions performed after training severely disrupted performance. Specifically, rats with hippocampal lesions failed to inhibit fear when the noise feature was presented in compound with the target. However, these rats could reacquire the feature‐negative discrimination. These observations suggest that the hippocampus may normally be involved in retention or retrieval of serial feature‐negative discrimination; however, in its absence feature‐negative discrimination can still be acquired. Hippocampus 2002;12:774–786. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line as a model for in vitro study of lung carcinogenesis
Authors: An Qian , Pacyna‐Gengelbach Manuela , Schlüns Karsten , Deutschmann Nicole , Guo Suping , Gao Yanning , Zhang Jianjun , Cheng Shujun , Petersen Iver 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSuppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was applied to identify differentially expressed genes in the SV40LT immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line Y‐BE, with normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) as a control. Two cDNA libraries of up‐ and downregulated genes were generated, comprising 218 known genes and 131 unknown genes in total. The expression of 22 clones from the 2 libraries was investigated by Northern blot analysis, and 86.4% (19/22) of them showed differential expression between Y‐BE cells and HBEC. Although the Y‐BE cells are nontumorigenic in nude mice, Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) detected some DNA imbalances in Y‐BE cells that were similar to lung cancer cells. Our data demonstrate that the studied cell line Y‐BE and SSH is a reliable approach for identifying new genes that are associated with immortalization and early tumor development that may help to understand the pathogenesis of lung cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EMDR and the role of the clinician in psychotherapy evaluation: Towards a more comprehensive integration of science and practice
Authors: Shapiro Francine 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an integrative psychotherapy approach that has been consistently evaluated as efficacious in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The information processing model that guides its clinical application posits that EMDR should be effective in treating other psychological disorders that have experiential contributors. Research is needed to assess such applications. This special issue features three case series in which EMDR was applied to the treatment of complex PTSD, phobias, and chronic pain, respectively. The authors discuss deficits in the research literature, provide preliminary data on EMDR treatment of these conditions, and offer descriptive guidelines for evaluation that are achievable by the practicing clinician. Two additional articles offer preliminary data on physiological and cognitive/affective concomitants of therapeutic change. It is argued that clinicians should play a greater role in the rigorous and extensive examination of psychological treatments in the context of the exigencies of clinical practice. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1453–1463, 2002.
Diagnosing multiple system atrophy with greater accuracy: Combined analysis of the clonidine–growth hormone test and external anal sphincter electromyography
Authors: Lee Eun Ah , Kim B. Joon , Lee Won Yong 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe clonidine–growth hormone test (CGHT) has been proposed as a means of differentiating multiple system atrophy (MSA) from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is controversial whether the CGHT is valid. We sought to confirm the validity of the CGHT and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the CGHT with that of external anal sphincter electromyelography (Sph‐EMG) for MSA. We performed the CGHT and the Sph‐EMG on 21 PD patients, 23 patients with probable MSA of parkinsonian type (MSA‐p), and 22 patients with probable MSA of cerebellar type (MSA‐c). We compared the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of CGHT, Sph‐EMG, and a combination of the two tests. We also evaluated the correlations of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores with the results of the two tests. There was no significant difference between the UPDRS scores for the PD and MSA‐p groups. Serum growth hormone concentrations after clonidine significantly increased in PD (mean increase ± SEM, 4.19 ± 0.92 ng/ml; P < 0.0001), but remained unchanged in both MSA‐p (0.83 ± 0.61 ng/ml) and MSA‐c (1.45 ± 0.58 ng/ml). The growth hormone responses to clonidine in MSA‐p were significantly different from those in PD (P < 0.05). Abnormal, denervated Sph‐EMG was observed in 95.7% of MSA‐p, 86.4% of MSA‐c, and 33.3% of PD patients. Compared to Sph‐EMG, the CGHT was less sensitive but more specific in both MSA‐p and MSA‐c. The result of neither test correlated with the severity of parkinsonism. Interestingly, combining the results of the CGHT and Sph‐EMG markedly increased the specificity (85.7% in the CGHT and 66.7% in Sph‐EMG vs. 95.2% in the combination study) and the PPV in both MSA‐p (85.7% and 75.9% vs. 94.4%) and MSA‐c (82.4% and 73.1% vs. 91.7%). We confirm that the CGHT can distinguish MSA‐p from PD. Its sensitivity is lower and its specificity higher than Sph‐EMG. Compared to either test alone, combined testing with the CGHT and Sph‐EMG increased specificity and PPV, thereby enhancing accuracy in the diagnosis of MSA. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Hemichorea as an initial manifestation of moyamoya disease: Reversible striatal hypoperfusion demonstrated on single photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Hong Yoon‐Ho , Ahn Tae‐Beom , Oh Chang Wan , Jeon Beom S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe describe a case with unilateral moyamoya disease that showed progressive hemichorea as an initial manifestation. Single photon emission computed tomography showed perfusion defect in the contralateral basal ganglia although magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. Hemichorea improved along with normalization of perfusion after bypass surgery, suggestive of striatal hypoperfusion as the cause of hemichorea. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term efficacy of botulinum toxin A in treatment of various movement disorders over a 10‐year period
Authors: Hsiung G‐Y.R. , Das S.K. , Ranawaya R. , Lafontaine A.‐L. , Suchowersky O. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlthough botulinum toxin A (BTX) has been licensed in Canada for treatment of various movement disorders since 1990, few clinical studies regarding its long‐term efficacy and side effects have been reported. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 235 patients who received BTX from our movement disorders clinic over a 10‐year period (January 1990 to December 1999). A total of 2,616 treatment cycles (multiple injections) were administered to 235 patients with cervical dystonia (CD), hemifacial spasm (HS), blepharospasm (BP), and other movement disorders. Substantial benefit at 5 years was seen in most patients (90% in BP, 88% in HS, 63% in CD, 100% in jaw closing and lower limb dystonia, and 56% in writer's cramp). Benefit was maintained for up to 10 years in CD, HS, and BP data, with a 75.8% benefit reported. Twenty‐eight percent of patients discontinued treatment during the follow‐up period due to a variety of reasons. Of these, 9.1% of patients developed primary resistance, and 7.5% of patients secondary resistance. Adverse effects, mostly minor, developed in 27% of patients at any one time, occurring over 4.5% of treatment cycles. These were most frequently reported in blepharospasm (22 of 36 patients in 40 cycles), followed by hemifacial spasm (21 of 70 patients in 46 cycles), and cervical dystonia (17 of 106 in 28 cycles). Only 1.3% of patients discontinued therapy due intolerable adverse effects. The results show that BTX is a safe and effective treatment of various types of movement disorders, and most side effects are well tolerated. Discontinuation for any reason was also low after 5 years. Efficacy was maintained after long periods of treatment with high degree of patient satisfaction. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Metric characteristics of the drug‐induced extrapyramidal symptoms scale (DIEPSS): A practical combined rating scale for drug‐induced movement disorders
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hoon , Jung Hee Yeon , Kang Ung Gu , Jeong Seong Hoon , Ahn Yong Min , Byun Hee‐Jung , Ha Kyoo‐Seob , Kim Yong Sik 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe metric properties of the Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) were examined in 182 subjects treated with antipsychotics. Inter‐rater reliability, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity with other rating scales for EPS were high. Four factors were identified and the optimal diagnostic cut‐off scores were obtained. These results suggest that the DIEPSS is a reliable and valid multidimensional rating scale. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Levodopa but not ropinirole induces an internalization of D1 dopamine receptors in parkinsonian rats
Authors: Muriel Marie‐Paule , Orieux Gaël , Hirsch Etienne C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLevodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is mediated by dopamine receptors and, in a recent study, we showed that a Dl full agonist can induce an internalization of D1 dopamine receptors. The aim of the present study was to determine whether levodopa or a dopamine agonist such as ropinirole can also induce the internalization of D1 dopamine receptors in the striatum of control and hemiparkinsonian rats. The distribution of D1 dopamine receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody. In control animals and 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned animals treated with saline, D1 dopamine receptors were localized at the level of the plasma membrane. In contrast, in both lesioned and nonlesioned animals receiving a single dose of levodopa, but not in animals receiving ropinirole, D1 dopamine receptors were internalized in the cytoplasm. This result is likely explained by the fact that ropinirole binds to non‐D1 dopamine receptors, whereas levodopa, which increases dopamine levels, indirectly acts on both D1 and D2 receptors. Ropinirole is consequently less likely to desensitize D1 dopamine receptors than levodopa and, thus, to reduce the efficacy of the treatment. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Large French‐Canadian family with Lewy body parkinsonism: Exclusion of known loci
Authors: Grimes David A. , Grimes J. David , Racacho Lem , Scoggan Kylie A. , Han Fabin , Schwarz Betty Anne , Woulfe John , Bulman Dennise 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe identification of rare, large families with Parkinson's disease (PD) has provided important clues that have contributed to our understanding of this complex disorder. We have identified a large French‐Canadian kindred that spans five generations consisting of more than 90 individuals. A total of 65 individuals now have been examined, had venous blood drawn, and DNA extracted. Two‐point and multipoint linkage analysis was performed to assess linkage to known PD genes or loci. Within the third and fourth generations of this family there are 10 living, plus 3 deceased members with well‐documented levodopa responsive parkinsonism. Autopsy results on 1 member demonstrated the loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of α‐synuclein positive Lewy bodies. Four of the PD patients have prominent postural and kinetic tremors that preceded their parkinsonism by up to 10 years. Two other individuals within the family have prominent isolated postural and kinetic tremors without parkinsonism. The α‐synuclein(4q21.3‐23), Parkin(6q25.2‐27), PARK3 (2p13), PARK4, and ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase‐L1 (4p14‐16.3) and PARK6 and PARK7 (1p35‐36) loci were excluded in this kindred using closely linked markers. The clinical and pathological features of this family are consistent with the diagnosis of PD. This family further demonstrates the known genetic heterogeneity in PD and is large enough that a genome‐wide screen has been undertaken in an effort to identify a novel PD gene. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Apomorphine monotherapy in the treatment of refractory motor complications of Parkinson's disease: Long‐term follow‐up study of 64 patients
Authors: Manson Alice J. , Turner Kirsten , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractContinuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine is now increasingly recognized as an effective treatment for refractory off periods and peak‐dose dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. We have reviewed our experience with apomorphine infusions, after a strategy decision in 1995 based on emerging preclinical data, to treat all patients with steady‐state plasma levels of apomorphine throughout the waking day, minimizing additional pulsatile stimulation either by oral dopaminergic medication or bolus parenteral injections of apomorphine. Sixty‐four patients have been treated with apomorphine pumps and 45 of these successfully converted to monotherapy, managing to discontinue all other forms of dopaminergic stimulation during the daytime treatment period with apomorphine. Patients were followed up for a mean of 33.8 months (range, 4–108 months) and clinical data analyzed retrospectively. The mean maintenance dose of apomorphine was 98 mg per 24 hours (monotherapy group: 103 mg/24 hours; polytherapy group: 93 mg/24 hours), which did not significantly increase at final follow‐up. There was a mean maximum dyskinesia reduction of 64% (S.D. = 20) in the monotherapy group, compared to 30% (S.D. = 33) in those continuing on polytherapy (P < 0.001), despite a maintained increase in on time (monotherapy group: 55%, P < 0.005; polytherapy group: 50%, P = 0.05). Fifteen patients failed to successfully convert to monotherapy but benefited nonetheless, and only 3 failed apomorphine infusional therapy altogether. Reasons for failure were mixed, including difficulty with compliance and adverse effects such as daytime somnolence, skin complications, and painful dystonias. There was a significantly higher success rate in patients able to manage the treatment either independently or with the help of their caregiver. These results confirm that subcutaneous apomorphine monotherapy can reset peak‐dose dyskinesia threshold in levodopa‐treated patients and further reduce off‐period disability after all available forms of oral medication, including long‐acting dopamine agonists, have been tried. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Dystonia: A disorder of motor programming or motor execution?
Authors: Kaňovský Petr 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFor some time, dystonia has been seen as purely a motor disorder. Relatively novel concepts published approximately 10 years ago also presumed that in the development of dystonic dyskinesias, only motor behaviour was abnormal. Neurophysiological observations of various types of dystonic disorders, which were performed using sophisticated electromyography, polymyography, H‐reflex examination, long‐latency reflex, etc., as well as new insights into the behaviour of dystonia, have urged the inclusion of sensory (particularly somatosensory) mechanisms into the pathophysiological background of dystonia. The major role has been considered to be played by abnormal proprioceptive input by means of the Ia proprioceptive afferents, with the source of this abnormality found in the abnormal processing of muscle spindle afferent information. However, neurophysiological investigations have also provided evidence that the abnormality in the central nervous system is located not only at the spinal and subcortical level, but also at the cortical level; specifically, the cortical excitability and intracortical inhibition have been revealed as abnormal. This evidence was revealed by SEP recordings, paired transcranial magnetic stimulation recordings, and BP and CNV recordings. The current concept of dystonic movement connects the abnormal function of somatosensory pathways and somatosensory analysers with the dystonic performance of motor action, which is based on the abnormality of sensorimotor integration. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Hemiballism after subthalamotomy in patients with Parkinson's disease: Report of 2 cases
Authors: Chen Chiung‐Chu , Lee Shih‐Tseng , Wu Tony , Chen Chi‐Jen , Huang Chin‐Chang , Lu Chin‐Song 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe occurrence of persistent hemiballism after subthalamotomy for Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been described as frequently as mild or transient dyskinesia. We report on 2 patients with advanced PD who developed hemiballism and/or dyskinesia after subthalamotomy. One patient with a small lesion confined to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) developed persistent hemiballism; the other with a larger lesion involving the STN and also the zona incerta presented with a transient dyskinesia in a single limb. We conclude that a precise STN lesion might bear a potential risk of persistent hemiballism. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Neurophysiological investigations in patients with primary writing tremor
Authors: Modugno Nicola , Nakamura Yusaku , Bestmann Sven , Curra Antonio , Berardelli Alfredo , Rothwell John 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe pathophysiology of primary writing tremor (PWT) is still unknown: it has been classified as a focal form of essential tremor and as a tremulous form of writer's cramp. We studied cortical and spinal excitability in patients with PWT and compared the results with published data of patients with essential tremor, and writer's cramp. We used electrical stimulation of median and radial nerve to study reciprocal inhibition of forearm antagonist muscles and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation at short and long interstimulus intervals (ISIs) to assess intracortical excitability. Both studies were conducted on patients with PWT and on control subjects. The early (presynaptic) and late (disynaptic) phases of reciprocal inhibition were normal as was intracortical excitability at short and long ISIs. Our study suggests that the pathophysiology of PWT is different from that of writer's cramp and partially also from that of essential tremor. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
A broadband ADEQUATE pulse sequence using chirp pulses
Authors: Köck Matthias , Kerssebaum Rainer , Bermel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecently, we have introduced the ADEQUATE pulse sequence as a sensitive method to observe 13C,13C correlations in natural products. This kind of experiment suffers from offset‐dependent effects of the 180°(13C) pulses. Here we describe an application of smoothed chirp pulses in the ADEQUATE pulse sequence which allows 13C,13C correlations to be run without any offset dependences. This experiment is called chirp ADEQUATE and was applied to δ‐valerolactone and cholesteryl acetate. This modification will allow a general application of the ADEQUATE pulse sequence. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full multinuclear magnetic resonance analysis of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene
Authors: Ariza‐Castolo Armando , Guerrero‐Alvarez Jorge Antonio , Peralta‐Cruz Javier 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe complete assignment of the high‐resolution NMR spectra 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene was made, including the 1H, 13C, 15N, 17O and 19F nuclei. The 13C,19F, 13C,1H, 15N,19F and 15N,1H one‐bond and long‐range coupling constants were determinated and the signs were obtained by means of two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy: 1H–1H‐COSY, 13C–1H‐COSY, 13C–1H‐COLOC and 1H–15N, 19F–15N and 19F–13C HMQC. The spin–lattice relaxation times of 13C revealed their anisotropy components and it was evident that the dipole–dipole contribution of fluorine was an efficient mechanism for C‐1 relaxation. The T1s of 1H agreed with the classical description: at low temperature the main contribution is dipole–dipole relaxation and at high temperature the relaxation is dominated by the spin–rotation mechanism. A linear relationship between δ13C(exp) and σC using GIAO (hybrid functional B3LYP) was found. 3J(13C, 1H) and the 1J(13C, 13C) have a relationship with the delocalization energies estimated by the NBO approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.