bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Consistency Between Automatic Measurement Based on Convolutional Neural Network Technology and Manual Visual Evaluation in Intracavitary Ultrasonic Cine of Anterior Pelvic
Authors: Wei Ni‐ya , Li Xiao‐kun , Lu Xi‐duo , Liu Xin‐ting , Sun Rui‐jie , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study was to evaluate the application of automatic measurement based on convolutional neural network (CNN) technology in intracavitary ultrasound cine of anterior pelvic.MethodsA total of 500 patients who underwent pelvic floor ultrasound examination at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from July 2021 to February 2022 were retrospectively retrieved by the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) system, and 300 cases were used as a training set. The training set was labeled by three experienced ultrasound physicians to train CNN models and develop an automatic measurement software. The remaining 200 cases were used as a test set. Automatic measurement software identified relevant anatomical structures frame by frame and determined the two frames with the greatest difference, calculated the bladder neck descent (BND), urethral rotation angle (URA), and retrovesical angle (RA). Meanwhile, two experienced ultrasound physicians evaluated the resting frame and the maximum Valsalva frame on the cines by manual visual evaluation, labeled the anatomical structures in the corresponding frame, such as the inferoposterior margin of pubic symphysis, the mid‐axis of pubic symphysis, bladder contour, and urethra in the front, and calculated BND, URA, and RA. Considering that the residual urine volume (RUV) in the bladder may affect the results, enrolled patients were grouped according to the RUV (10–50 mL, 50–100 mL, and >100 mL). The consistency of the results by automatic measurement and manual visual evaluation was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland–Altman graph.ResultsOf the 200 cases in the test set, 120 cases were successfully identified by the CNN automatic software with a 60% recognition rate. In the case of successful identification, the ICC of manual visual evaluation measurement and automatic measurement was 0.936 (BND), 0.911 (URA), 0.756 (RA in rest), and 0.877 (RA at maximum Valsalva), respectively. In addition, the RUV had a negligible effect on the consistency. The Bland–Altman plot shows the proportion of samples outside the limit was below 5%.ConclusionsCNN‐based automatic measurement software exhibited high reliability in anterior pelvic measurement, which results in a significantly enhanced measurement efficiency.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound of the Chest in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Park Halley J. , Winant Abbey J. , Lee Edward Y. , Kim Wendy G. , Shashi Kumar , Stamoulis Catherine , Paltiel Harriet J. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the added diagnostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in pediatric chest abnormalities by comparing interpretation of CEUS studies and confidence level to conventional US studies.MethodsCEUS studies in patients with a variety of clinically suspected chest abnormalities performed between 2016 and 2020 were reviewed and compared to same‐day conventional US studies. Examinations were independently interpreted by 4 radiologists blinded to clinical and other imaging data. Rater confidence was classified as low, moderate, or high. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by comparing image interpretation to patient outcome as the ground truth. Interobserver agreement was also assessed.ResultsSixteen patients (10 male) with 18 CEUS studies were included. Median rater agreement with ground truth was significantly higher for CEUS (100%) than conventional US (50%; P = .004). Median rater confidence was high (3.0) for CEUS, and low‐moderate (1.5) for conventional US (P < .001). CEUS sensitivity (54.6–81.8%) and specificity (63.4–100.0%) were greater than conventional US (45.5–72.7% and 12.5–63.5%, respectively). CEUS false positives (0–4) and false negatives (2–5) were fewer than conventional US (4–7 and 3–6, respectively). Except for one rater pair where agreement was substantial (κ = .78, P < .01), inter‐rater agreement for CEUS for all other rater pairs was nonsignificant (κ = .25–0.51, P ≥ .07). Agreement for conventional US was moderate and statistically significant for 3 rater pairs (κ = .55–0.78) and nonsignificant for the remaining 3 rater pairs (P ≥ .06).ConclusionsCEUS adds diagnostic value to the assessment of a variety of chest abnormalities. The data support further evaluation of the role of CEUS as a non‐invasive, problem‐solving technique in children.
MiR‐214‐3p overexpression‐triggered chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) inhibition modulates the ferroptosis and metabolism in colon cancer
Authors: Yun Zhi‐Yuan , Wu Di , Wang Xin , Huang Peng , Li Na 
Published: January 2024

AbstractColon cancer is a common cancer with high mortality globally. The role of chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) has been elucidated in various cancers. However, its role and mechanism remain unknown in colon cancer. CHPF expression was examined by GEPIA database, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The relationship between CHPF expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics as well as miR‐214‐3p level was determined in colon cancer patients. The role and mechanism of CHPF in the growth, ferroptosis, and glycolysis of colon cancer cells were evaluated by cell counting kit‐8, biochemical detections, luciferase, and western blot experiments. Additionally, the role of CHPF was explored in xenografted mice. CHPF expression was increased and was related to advanced TNM stage, poor differentiation and shorter overall survival in patients with colon cancer. Knockdown of CHPF inhibited colon cancer cell growth, and downregulated the expression of proteins involving in ferroptosis and glycolysis both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, CHPF silencing increased the levels of ferrous iron and ROS, but decreased glucose uptake, lactate product, and ATP level in vitro. Mechanically, miR‐214‐3p directly targeted CHPF and negatively regulated its expression. Upregulation of miR‐214‐3p reduced cell viability, glucose uptake, lactate product, and ATP level, but increased the levels of ferrous iron and ROS, which were reversed by the overexpression of CHPF. Upregulation of CHPF predicted poor prognosis, and miR‐214‐3p/CHPF axis inhibited growth, downregulated the levels of glycolysis‐related indexes, and promoted ferroptosis in colon cancer cells.
Corrosion resistance and mechanism of high‐entropy alloys: A review
Authors: Liang Jinqing , Wang Wei , Cao Zhenghang , Guo Jianwen , Sun Zhenzhong , Hai Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnvironmental corrosion inevitably occurs during the use of alloys, making their corrosion resistance a special requirement for their application under specific conditions. The environmental corrosion behavior of alloys, seawater corrosion behavior, corrosion resistance, and microstructure of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have been prominent research topics over the past decade, all of which warrant further investigation. The corrosion resistance and passivation film strength of HEAs could be enhanced by improving their microstructure with appropriate adjustments of their elemental composition and content. In this review, the research status and corrosion mechanism of HEAs in seawater solutions with NaCl as the main component were examined. Moreover, the correlation between the microstructure, elemental composition, and corrosion resistance of HEAs was revealed.
Comparative study of alternating dry and wet corrosion behavior of Q345qDNH steel and Q420qENH steel in industrial atmospheric media containing PM2.5
Authors: Guo Tieming , Zhou Guiyi , Wu Weihong , Nan Xueli , Zhang Lishuai , Hu Yanwen , Yi Xiangbin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Q345qDNH steel and Q420qENH steel under the industrial atmosphere containing PM2.5, as well as the effect of PM2.5 on the rust layer were studied by dry–wet alternating accelerated corrosion experiment. The results show that the corrosion rate of Q345qDNH is always less than that of Q420qENH, the Cr content of rust layer is higher than that of Q420qENH steel. After 30 days of corrosion, compared with Q420qENH steel, the self‐corrosion potential of Q345qDNH is larger, the self‐corrosion current density is smaller, and the rust resistance is 1.49 times of Q420qENH steel, the Iα‐FeOOH/Iγ‐FeOOH ratio is 1.29 times of Q420qENH, indicating that the protection of the rust layer of Q345qDNH is better than that of Q420qENH. This is due to the effect of microstructure factors in the early stage of corrosion and alloying elements in the late stage of corrosion. PM2.5 with SiO2 as the main component is easy to deposit at cracks and holes, which becomes the nucleation substrate for corrosion products, promotes the nonuniform nucleation of corrosion products, making the rust layer develop unevenly, leading to an increase in holes in the outer rust layer.
Fractional commensurate model on COVID‐19 with microbial co‐infection: An optimal control analysis
Authors: Vijayalakshmi G. M. , Roselyn Besi P. , Akgül Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrossover behaviors have always existed in the history of infectious pandemics due to a few distinct, erratic spread outlines. This research aims to investigate the crossover behavior of the proposed SVICR commensurate fractional model for the COVID‐19 delta variant, considering microbial coinfections. A mathematical model in terms of Atangana–Baleanu Caputo (ABC) category fractional integrals takes into account the co‐infection of mucormycosis in immunocompromised COVID‐19 patients caused by microbial infections. ABC operators preserve the intact history of the happenings under contemplation through its nonsingular kernel. It is observed that the framed five‐compartmental SVICR model is positively bounded on R5, the solution space. Two equilibrium points representing the survival and annihilation of sickness respectively are contributed by the single population N(t), which is counted in five dependent compartments: The bilinear growth rate of new additional infections from the contagious infectives over time ‘t’ is viewed through the threshold metric Lyapunov's stability function examines the parametric influences over the virulent spread globally. The significant focus is to investigate the Mucormycosis cases in COVID‐19 patients with underlying diabetic complications. Diabetes mellitus is the major concern for several coinfections among COVID‐19 recoveries. Aiming to minimalize the critical states, an Lagrangian–Hamiltonian optimum control structure is also performed for the SVICR model by introducing control variables in effect to tri‐control probes of minimized contact rates, persuasive vaccinations, and glycemic control of post recovered diabetic patients. The hike in the Severity of the ailment due to fungal pathogens is studied through numerical convergence of predictor–corrector scheme and simulations. Using estimated parametric values from the statistical data of mucormycosis and infections of COVID‐19 reported cases in India, the prominence of control effects are visualized graphically. To conclude, a complete qualitative analysis of the minimization problem is executed for different levels of control values. We avow that effective control intrusions would almost certainly decline the complexities associated with the viral pathogens.
What informs human–nature connection? An exploration of factors in the context of urban park visitors and wildlife
Authors: Hayes Hursh Sheryl , Perry Elizabeth , Drake David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Human–nature connection (HNC) is a concept derived from investigating the formulation and extent of an individual's identification with the natural world. This relationship is often characterized as an emotional bond to nature that develops from the contextualized, physical interactions of an individual, beginning in childhood. This outcome presents complexity in evaluating the development of HNC but suggests optimism in the pathways for enhancing lifelong HNC.

As urban populations increase, there is a growing recognition worldwide of the potential for urban green space to cultivate HNC and thus shape the environmental identity of urban residents.

The results of an online survey of 560 visitors to three community parks (managed primarily to provide a variety of physical, social and cultural opportunities) and three conservation parks (managed primarily to protect native plants and wildlife) in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, were used to investigate HNC.

Linear mixed effects models evaluated visitors' HNC as a function of their (1) literacy and sentiment about wildlife species, (2) park experience, (3) number and frequency of nine childhood and adult recreation experiences, and (4) demographics.

Across the park response groups, the number and frequency of childhood and adult recreation experiences was significantly associated with HNC, and this positive association persisted in multiple recreation activities. Furthermore, species literacy and sentiment, visiting a park for ‘Nature’, and frequent and extended visitation also was significantly associated with HNC by park type.

Our research demonstrates the importance of lifelong recreation experiences in the development and enhancement of HNC and provides evidence for differences in the expression of HNC associated with particular attributes of urban park visitors and their views of wildlife.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Applying machine learning to identify pediatric patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia using administrative data
Authors: Cao Lusha , Huang Yuan‐shung , Getz Kelly D. , Seif Alix E. , Ruiz Jenny , Miller Tamara P. , Fisher Brian T. , Aplenc Richard , Li Yimei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCase identification in administrative databases is challenging as diagnosis codes alone are not adequate for case ascertainment. We utilized machine learning (ML) to efficiently identify pediatric patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We tested nine ML models and validated the best model internally and externally. The optimal model had 97% positive predictive value (PPV) and 99% sensitivity in internal validation; 94% PPV and 82% sensitivity in external validation. Our ML model identified a large cohort of 21,044 patients, demonstrating an efficient approach for cohort assembly and enhancing the usability of administrative data.
Implementation Security in Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Zapatero Víctor , Navarrete Álvaro , Curty Marcos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe problem of implementation security in quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to the difficulty of meeting the requirements of mathematical security proofs in real‐life QKD systems. Here, a succint review is provided on this topic, focusing on discrete‐variable QKD setups. Particularly, we discuss some of their main vulnerabilities and comment on possible approaches to overcome them.
Policy integration through the Sustainable Development Goals? The case of the German Federal Government
Authors: Birner Jana , Bornemann Basil , Biermann Frank 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn 2015, the United Nations adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets as part of its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The launch of this comprehensive and inclusive set of global goals was expected to lead, among other things, to more integrative policymaking, which is widely seen as important for sustainability governance. In this article, we draw on a detailed empirical case study of the German government to analyze whether the launch of the SDGs has indeed strengthened policy integration and which mechanisms may account for this. With statistical methods and extensive network analysis, our analysis captures changes in horizontal, vertical, and sectoral policy integration between 2012 and 2019. In addition, we use semi‐structured interviews to explore institutional, leadership, and ideational integration mechanisms. The study shows that sectoral and horizontal policy integration has increased after 2015, but that the SDGs still have not changed the conditions for system‐wide policy integration. Our findings shed new light on the possibilities and limitations of integrative sustainability governance through global goals.
Monitoring SDG 4.7: Assessing Education for Sustainable Development in policies, curricula, training of educators and student assessment (input‐indicator)
Authors: Holst Jorrit , Singer‐Brodowski Mandy , Brock Antje , de Haan Gerhard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEducation is viewed as a critical keystone in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is meant to enable everyone to contribute to sustainable development (SDG 4.7). This target is monitored using the global indicator 4.7.1 – mainstreaming of ESD in policies, curricula, training of educators and student assessment. Here, we offer a conceptual and methodological framework for assessments of SDG 4.7.1 (input‐level) that addresses both quality and depth of implementation and speed of change. The approach combines document analysis with external expert evaluation and is applied to 10‐year data (>11,000 documents) from all formal areas of education in Germany (early childhood education, school education, vocational education and training, higher education). Currently, ESD is mostly implemented in Germany as an “add‐on” to the educational system, with all sub‐indicators ranging from “isolated mentioning” of ESD and related concepts to “partial integration”. Across most areas of education, the sub‐indicator training of educators was evaluated as most deficient. With regard to the speed of change, it was found that the implementation of ESD is dynamic, with all sub‐indicators having been evaluated as increasing. The proposed framework can increase the validity, reliability, and comparability of both country reporting and scientific assessments of SDG 4.7.1. We argue for independent and integrative monitoring across input, process, output and outcome to complement self‐reporting and to support evidence‐informed policymaking on sustainability in education.
Papular Lesion Occurring Within a Longstanding Warty Plaque, in Skin of Colour Fitzpatrick Type 4–5
Authors: Teoh Joelle , Gan Alex , Ramalingam Joshua , Elsheikh Somaia , Jerrom Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 23-year-old man of South Asian descent, Fitzpatrick type 4–5 skin, usually fit and well, presented with a 6-month history of a darkly-pigmented papular lesion growing within a pre-existing warty plaque on the left parietal scalp, present since birth. The base plaque measured 30 × 10 mm, whilst the new papule measured approximately 3 × 3 mm. These were asymptomatic and there was no preceding trauma to the area. Examination revealed a pearlescent darkly pigmented papule, growing within a warty pink-yellow hairless plaque. Dermoscopy showed non-specific features with evidence of some disorganized vasculature. A punch excisional biopsy of the papular lesion was obtained, histopathology indicated a polypoid lesion with basaloid nests in a superficial and nodular distribution extending to the superficial dermis. The base plaque was then completely excised, showing dermal scarring related to the previous excision, along with the presence of large sebaceous glands, heterotopic apocrine glands, defective hair follicles, acanthosis and epithelial papillomatosis. This is a case of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising within a sebaceous naevus on the scalp, in a skin of colour patient. Sebaceous naevi (SN), also known as naevus sebaceous of Jadassohn, are benign hamartomatous malformations comprised of predominantly sebaceous glands. SN appear most commonly on the scalp, and start off as smooth yellowish well-circumscribed plaques in infancy which then develops a verrucous appearance in adolescence due to hormonally-driven maturation of sebaceous and apocrine glands. It is well known that benign neoplasms of various lineages of differentiation including follicular, sebaceous, apocrine or eccrine, may arise within SN. Malignant neoplasms occurring within SN almost exclusively occur in adults, and arise in about 2.5% of lesions. BCCs are the most common among these, and occur in 0.8% of SN. Other malignant tumours such as squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma and porocarcinoma can also arise within SN, but these are rarer. Our case is notable as our patient had Fitzpatrick skin type 4–5, hence may have been perceived to have a lower risk of developing BCCs. We hope that this report will highlight that BCCs do arise even in skin of colour.
DFT and Docking Calculations of the Structural, Electronic, Biological and Conductivity Properties of the Synthetic Complex [Cu(hfac)2(L)2][PF6]2
Authors: Belhouchat Saliha , Zeroual Samira , Benbellat Noura , Khaoua Oussama , Bouchekioua Saad , Menacer Rafik , Chermette Henry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the present research, we report a theoretical study of Cu II complex based on TTF ligand [Cu(hfac)2(L)2][PF6]2 (in neutral and oxidized states +1 and +2, of biological interest and various applications in magnetic conducting materials. It is an organic/inorganic hybrid material involving a coordination between a paramagnetic transition metal and a nitrogenous aromatic TTF linked through a covalent transition conjugate bridge. The optimized structures of neutral and oxidized metal transition complexes obtained using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method are consistent with the experimental results. Several properties including geometrical parameters, Hirshfeld atomic charges, energies of Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs), and energy gap (ΔEgap) between the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO), and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) are calculated for optimized complexes. The results reveal that oxidation leads to more stable aromatic systems and reduces the energy gap. The analysis of the charges as well as the distribution of the spin density in the frontier orbitals shows that the oxidation takes place at the ligand level. More precisely the ylidene C3=C4 bond is the most sensitive molecular part to oxidation. A significant degeneracy of molecular orbitals is also observed. No metallic contribution in the HOMO of Cu complex reveals a strong electronic localization at the end of the chain, and, at the same time a delocalization along the chain, this is also in favor of a good conductivity and excellent catalytic activity of this compounds.
Copper Dispersed Covalent Organic Framework for Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition and Fast Synthesis of Rufinamide in Water
Authors: Xue Fei , Zhang Jun , Ma Zhongcheng , Wang Zhonggang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA crystalline porous bipyridine‐based Bpy‐COF with a high BET surface area (1864 m2 g−1) and uniform mesopore (4.0 nm) is successfully synthesized from 1,3,5‐tris‐(4’‐formyl‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)triazine and 5,5'‐diamino‐2,2'‐bipyridine via a solvothermal method. After Cu(I)‐loading, the resultant Cu(I)‐Bpy‐COF remained the ordered porous structure with evenly distributed Cu(I) ions at a single‐atom level. Using Cu(I)‐Bpy‐COF as a heterogeneous catalyst, high conversions for cycloaddition reactions are achieved within a short time (40 min) at 25 °C in water medium. Moreover, Cu(I)‐Bpy‐COF proves to be applicable for aromatic and aliphatic azides and alkynes bearing various substituents such as ester, hydroxyl, amido, pyridyl, thienyl, bulky triphenylamine, fluorine, and trifluoromethyl groups. The high conversions remain almost constant after five cycles. Additionally, the antiepileptic drug (rufinamide) is successfully prepared by a simple one‐step reaction using Cu(I)‐Bpy‐COF, proving its practical feasibility for pharmaceutical synthesis.