bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL PRICING OF DOUBLE-BARRIER OPTIONS UNDER A DOUBLE-EXPONENTIAL JUMP DIFFUSION PROCESS: APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Authors: SEPP ARTUR 
Published: March 2004

We derive explicit formulas for pricing double (single) barrier and touch options with time-dependent rebates assuming that the asset price follows a double-exponential jump diffusion process. We also consider incorporating time-dependent volatility. Assuming risk-neutrality, the value of a barrier option satisfies the generalized Black–Scholes equation with the appropriate boundary conditions. We take the Laplace transform of this equation in time and solve it explicitly. Option price and risk parameters are computed via the numerical inversion of the corresponding solution. Numerical examples reveal that the pricing formulas are easy to implement and they result in accurate prices and risk parameters. Proposed formulas allow fast computing of smile-consistent prices of barrier and touch options.
À Propos des nouvelles tablettes de Thèbes, I: Les trois divinités ma-ka, o-po-re-i et ko-wa et les trois subordonnées temporelles dans la série Fq
Authors:   Ruijgh
Published: March 2004

AbstractLinguistic, philological and historical considerations show that the editors of the new Thebes tablets correctly interpreted ma-ka, o-po-re-i and ko-wa as the dative forms of three theonyms: Mα Γα 'Mother Earth', Oπωρης = oπωρευς 'god of the fruits' (Zeus) and KoρFα (Attic Koρη). The nouns μα 'mother', γα/δα 'earth', να 'little girl' and μνα 'mina' are Pre-Greek loan-words. The following interpretations are proposed for the three temporal clauses in the Fq tablets: Fq 126 o-te tu-wo-te-to oτευoς ετo 'when he (: the priest) had placed the sacrifice (on the altar)'. Fq 130 o-te o-je-ke-te-to oτεoy εκσετo 'when he (: the priest) had exposed the tree-fruits (on the offering table)'. Fq 254 o-te a-pi-e-qe ke-ro- pa-ta oτε αμϕιhεσκwε γερoνταsigmav; παντας 'when he (: the priest) had made all the Elders follow him on both sides', i.e., 'when the priest had led a procession of all the Elders'. The editors correctly interpret de-qo-no (Fq 254) as the dative of δεικwνoς 'person charged with the preparation of sacred meals'.—The appendix contains a discussion of the origin of the passive aorist in-()η-, of oα 'tree-fruits', 'service berries', and of the original connexion between εν-επω 'tell' and επoμαι 'follow'.
A systematic approach to diagnosis of mature T-cell leukemias reveals heterogeneity among WHO categories
Authors: Herling Marco , Khoury Joseph D. , Washington LaBaron T. , Duvic Madeleine , Keating Michael J. , Jones Dan 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic malignancies defines several types of mature T-cell leukemia including T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), Sezary syndrome (SS), and T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia. These neoplasms can show overlapping features with each other and with T-cell lymphomas involving peripheral blood (PB). We analyzed the spectrum of clinicopatho-logic features in 102 mature T-cell leukemias and compared them to 10 hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas that involved PB. T-PLL, defined as a T-cell leukemia showing rapidly rising PB lymphocyte counts, was the only tumor type expressing the oncoprotein TCL1 (71% of cases) and could present with relatively low lymphocyte levels or small tumor cell morphology. SS, defined by accompanying erythrodermic skin disease, was frequently associated with peripheral eosinophilia but could also develop high numbers of prolymphocytes, especially late in the disease course. T-LGL leukemia, defined by accompanying cytopenias or autoimmune phenomena (or both), had the best clinical outcome and generally showed the lowest circulating lymphocyte levels with only a few cases developing marked lymphocytosis. Using the dominant clinical or phenotypic feature, we describe here the degree of overlap among currently recognized WHO categories and identify areas where further clarification is needed. Our results indicate that incorporation of additional criteria, such as TCL1 expression status and hematologic parameters, can assist in a more accurate classification. (Blood. 2004;104:328-335)
Skeletal Morbidity in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Mandel Karen , Atkinson Stephanie , Barr Ronald D. , Pencharz Paul 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood results in a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). Whether there is a recovery of this lost bone mass in survivors of ALL is not known. We sought to determine if changes in BMD are common long-term sequelae in children with ALL. Methods Bone mineral densitometry of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was performed on 106 patients. The results were compared with those of age-matched normal controls. The effect of treatment was examined in those with low BMD compared with the remainder of the study group. Results When data were tested with respect to age, sex, and age and sex, no difference was observed in BMD between survivors of childhood ALL and controls. In the subgroup of patients with low BMD, the difference was not related to age, age at diagnosis, or years since diagnosis. Low BMD of the spine was not explained by radiotherapy (RT), methotrexate (MTX) dose, or corticosteroid dose. Low BMD of the femur was not explained by RT. However, those with low femoral BMD were more likely to have received high-dose MTX or higher-dose corticosteroids compared with the remainder of the group. Conclusion It appears that survivors of childhood ALL as a whole recover normal BMD. However, those patients who received a total MTX dose of greater than 40,000 mg/m2 or a total corticosteroid dose of greater than 9,000 mg/m2 may not recover normal BMD and therefore should be screened for decreased BMD of the femoral neck.
Predictors of Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Cell Transplants for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Robien Kim , Schubert Mark M. , Bruemmer Barbara , Lloid Michele E. , Potter John D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Oral mucositis is a nearly universal and often severe complication following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors predicting oral mucositis severity among 133 patients undergoing allogeneic HCT for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Patients and Methods All patients were transplanted between 1992 and 1999, were ≥ 18 years of age, received either cyclophosphamide/total-body irradiation (TBI) or busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning regimens, and received four doses of methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis post-transplant. Oral mucositis was measured by a trained examiner every 2 to 3 days using the Oral Mucositis Index (OMI). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mean OMI during days 6 to 12, 1 to 18, and the maximum OMI score between days 1 to 18. Results TBI containing conditioning regimens, body mass index ≥ 25, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 TT genotype were found to be predictive of higher mean OMI scores (P < .05). Pretransplant multivitamin supplement use was associated with lower mean OMI scores compared to those who did not use supplements. Smoking status, race, pretransplant treatment with interferon-alfa or hydroxyurea, and patient/donor ABO compatibility were not associated with mean OMI scores. Conclusion Patients who are scheduled to receive conditioning regimens containing TBI, have a pretransplant body mass index ≥ 25, or carry the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 TT genotype should be considered at greater risk of developing oral mucositis following HCT. Future studies should investigate whether multivitamin supplementation before HCT could reduce mucositis severity.
18F-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography in Staging of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: van der Hoeven Jacobus J.M. , Krak Nanda C. , Hoekstra Otto S. , Comans Emile F.I. , Boom Robert P.A. , van Geldere Dick , Meijer Sybren , van der Wall Elsken , Buter Jan , Pinedo Herbert M. , Teule Gerrit J.J. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose To prospectively evaluate the effect of adding whole-body 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to conventional screening for distant metastases in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Patients and Methods All women with LABC referred for participation in the LABC Spinoza trial were considered eligible for this study. Patients were included if chest x-ray, bone scan, liver ultrasound, or computed tomography scan performed by the referring physician failed to reveal distant metastases. They underwent whole-body FDG PET scanning before therapy. Patients with subsequently proven distant metastases were switched to alternative forms of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or both. Results Among the 48 patients evaluated with PET, 14 had abnormal FDG uptake, and metastases were suspected in 12. After simple clinical evaluation (plain x-ray, history), 10 sites that were suggestive of abnormality remained. Further work-up revealed that four sites were metastases. Proven false positivity occurred in one patient with sarcoidosis. In the other five patients, the reason for abnormal FDG uptake (liver, lung, bone) remained unclear, and patients were treated as planned. Eleven months later, distant metastases were found in one patient at sites unrelated to the previous FDG uptake. Conclusion The addition of FDG PET to the standard work-up of patients with LABC may lead to the detection of unexpected distant metastases. This may contribute to a more realistic stratification between patients with true stage III breast cancer and those who are in fact suffering from stage IV disease. Abnormal PET findings should be confirmed to prevent patients from being denied appropriate treatment.
Biology of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Screening Women at High Genetic Risk
Authors: Hogg Russell , Friedlander Michael 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Our aim was to analyze the clinicopathologic features of screen-detected ovarian cancers identified in women, either at general population risk or high genetic risk of ovarian cancer, who have participated in screening studies. Methods Studies published between 1988 and April 2003 were categorized by the population screened and the primary screening modalities used. Each report was examined with reference to the histologic type, stage, and grade of screen-detected cancers. Reports of studies of prophylactically removed ovaries from women at high risk of ovarian cancer were also reviewed. Results Of the stage I tumors detected by screening women at population risk, almost half were borderline ovarian tumors, granulosa-cell tumors, or germ-cell tumors, which is disproportionate to their frequency. Furthermore, of the stage I invasive epithelial cancers diagnosed in women at population risk, the majority were endometrioid, clear-cell, and mucinous histologic subtypes. Most ovarian cancers that occur in women at high genetic risk are high-grade serous cancers, and these are infrequently screen detected at an early stage. Conclusion The clinicopathologic features of screen-detected ovarian cancers suggest that screening may not reduce mortality in women at increased genetic risk. Prospective screening studies are required in genetically high-risk populations to answer this important question. Women electing surveillance should be aware of the lack of proven benefit and the low likelihood of detecting early stage serous cancers. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy appears to be the most effective approach to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer and thereby reduce mortality in high-risk women.
Intravenous Iron Optimizes the Response to Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Cancer Patients With Chemotherapy-Related Anemia: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial
Authors: Auerbach Michael , Ballard Harold , Trout J. Richard , McIlwain Marilyn , Ackerman Alan , Bahrain Huzefa , Balan Stefan , Barker Lance , Rana Jeevindra 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is the standard of care for patients with chemotherapy-related anemia. Intravenous (IV) iron improves hemoglobin (Hb) response and decreases dosage requirements in patients with anemia of kidney disease, but its effect has not been studied in randomized trials in cancer patients. Methods This prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial enrolled 157 patients with chemotherapy-related anemia (Hb ≤ 105 g/L, serum ferritin ≤ 450 pmol/L or ≤ 675 pmol/L with transferrin saturation ≤ 19%) receiving subcutaneously rHuEPO 40,000 U once weekly to: (1) no-iron; (2) oral iron 325 mg twice daily; (3) iron dextran repeated 100mg IV bolus; or (4) iron dextran total dose infusion (TDI). Hb and quality of life (QOL) were measured at baseline and throughout. Results All groups showed Hb (P < .0001) increases from baseline. Mean Hb increases for both IV iron groups were greater (P < .02) than for no-iron and oral iron groups. The percentage of patients with hematopoietic responses was higher (P < .01) in both IV iron groups (each case 68%) compared with no-iron (25%) and oral iron (36%) groups. IV iron groups showed increases in energy, activity, and overall QOL from baseline, compared with a decrease in energy and activity for no-iron group and no change in activity or overall QOL for oral iron group. Conclusion rHuEPO increases Hb levels and improves QOL in patients with chemotherapy-related anemia. Magnitude of Hb increase and QOL improvement is significantly greater if IV iron is added.
Determinants of Outcome in Melanoma Patients With Cerebral Metastases
Authors: Fife K.M. , Colman M.H. , Stevens G.N. , Firth I.C. , Moon D. , Shannon K.F. , Harman R. , Petersen-Schaefer K. , Zacest A.C. , Besser M. , Milton G.W. , McCarthy W.H. , Thompson J.F. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose To analyze prognostic factors, effects of treatment, and survival for patients with cerebral metastases from melanoma. Patients and Methods All melanoma patients with cerebral metastases treated at the Sydney Melanoma Unit between 1952 and 2000 were identified. From 1985 to 2000, patients were diagnosed and treated using consistent modern techniques and this cohort was analyzed in detail. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for survival was performed. Results A total of 1,137 patients with cerebral metastases were identified; 686 were treated between 1985 and 2000. For these 686 patients, the median time from primary diagnosis to cerebral metastasis was 3.1 years (range, 0 to 41 years). A total of 646 patients (94%) have died as a result of melanoma. The median survival from the time of diagnosis of cerebral metastasis was 4.1 months (range, 0 to 17.2 years). Treatment was as follows: surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, 158 patients; surgery alone, 47 patients; radiotherapy alone, 236 patients; and supportive care alone, 210 patients. Median survival according to treatment received for these four groups was 8.9, 8.7, 3.4, and 2.1 months, respectively; the differences between surgery and nonsurgery groups were statistically significant. On multivariate analysis, significant factors associated with improved survival were surgical treatment (P < .0001), no concurrent extracerebral metastases (P < .0001), younger age (P = .0007), and longer disease-free interval (P = .036). Prognostic factors analysis confirmed the important influence of patient selection on treatment received. Conclusion This large series documents the characteristics of patients who developed cerebral metastases from melanoma. Median survival was dependent on treatment, which in turn was dependent on patient selection.
Outcome of High-Risk Stage IC, Grade 3, Compared With Stage I Endometrial Carcinoma Patients: The Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma Trial
Authors: Creutzberg Carien L. , van Putten Wim L.J. , Wárlám-Rodenhuis Carla C. , van den Bergh Alfons C.M. , De Winter Karin A.J. , Koper Peter C.M. , Lybeert Marnix L.M. , Slot Annerie , Lutgens Ludy C.H.W. , Stenfert Kroese Marika C. , Beerman Henk , van Lent Mat 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Stage IC, grade 3 endometrial cancer is regarded as a high-risk category. Stage IC, grade 3 patients were not eligible for the randomized Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (PORTEC) trial, but were registered and received postoperative radiotherapy. Patients and Methods The PORTEC trial included 715 patients with stage IC, grade 1 or 2, and stage IB, grade 2 or 3 endometrial cancer. Patients were randomly assigned after surgery to receive pelvic radiotherapy (RT) or no further treatment. A total of 104 patients with stage IC, grade 3 endometrial cancer were registered, of whom 99 could be evaluated. Patterns of relapse and survival were compared with PORTEC patients receiving RT. Median follow-up was 83 months. Results The actuarial 5-year rates of locoregional relapse were 1% to 3% for PORTEC patients who received RT, compared with 14% for stage IC, grade 3 patients. Five-year distant metastases rates were 3% to 8% for grade 1 and 2 tumors; 20% for stage IB, grade 3 tumors; and 31% for stage IC, grade 3 tumors. Overall survival rates were 83% to 85% for grades 1 and 2; 74% for stage IB, grade 3; and 58% for stage IC, grade 3 patients (P < .001). In multivariate analysis grade 3 was the most important adverse prognostic factor for relapse and death as a result of endometrial cancer (hazard ratios, 5.4 and 5.5; P < .0001). Conclusion Patients with stage IC, grade 3 endometrial carcinoma are at high risk of early distant spread and endometrial carcinoma-related death. Novel strategies for adjuvant therapy should be explored to improve survival for this patient group.
Prognostic Impact of Alterations in P-Cadherin Expression and Related Cell Adhesion Markers in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Stefansson Ingunn M. , Salvesen Helga B. , Akslen Lars A. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Reduced tumor cell adhesion is associated with invasive growth and unfavorable prognosis. In endometrial carcinoma, the prognostic impact of adhesion markers (E-cadherin, beta-catenin [β-catenin], P-cadherin, and p120ctn) is partly unknown. We wanted to examine the expression pattern and prognostic value of these molecules in a population-based series of endometrial carcinoma patients. Patients and Methods All patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma between 1981 and 1990 in Hordaland County, Norway, were included. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was available for 96% of the patients (n = 286), and was studied immunohistochemically for expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, P-cadherin, and p120ctn. The tissue microarray technique was used for P-cadherin and p120ctn. Median follow-up time for survivors was 9 years (range, 4 to 16 years) and follow-up was complete. Results Pathologic expression of P-cadherin, E-cadherin, and β-catenin was associated with a majority of the clinicopathologic variables. In univariate survival analyses, all adhesion markers influenced survival significantly (P < .05). Tumors with pathologic expression of both E-cadherin (low expression) and P-cadherin (high expression; 19%), and β-catenin (low expression) and P-cadherin (high expression; 16%), had significantly reduced survival compared with the remaining samples (P < .001 for both). In multivariate models, all markers except E-cadherin showed independent prognostic significance in addition to the traditional tumor features. Conclusion Differential expression of P-cadherin and β-catenin seems to be important in endometrial carcinoma and is associated with aggressive subgroups. Our findings also indicate that a shift from E-cadherin to P-cadherin expression (cadherin switch) is an important prognostic feature in these tumors.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Intrapleural Bleomycin Versus Interferon Alfa-2b via Ultrasound-Guided Small-Bore Chest Tube in the Palliative Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: Sartori Sergio , Tassinari Davide , Ceccotti Piercarlo , Tombesi Paola , Nielsen Ingrid , Trevisani Lucio , Abbasciano Vincenzo 
Published: March 2004

Purpose To compare bleomycin pleurodesis and immunotherapy with intrapleural interferon alfa-2b (IFN) in the palliation of malignant pleural effusions. Patients and Methods One hundred sixty patients with rapidly recurrent malignant pleural effusion were randomly assigned to intrapleural bleomycin (83 patients) or IFN (77 patients). A 9-French intrapleural catheter was placed under sonographic guidance, and pleural effusion was completely drained before starting the treatment. Bleomycin 0.75 mg/kg was administered as a single dose. An additional dose was given if daily fluid output did not drop to less than 100 mL/d within 3 days. IFN 1 million units/10 kg was administered for six courses at 4-day intervals. Thirty-day and long-term responses were evaluated under the intention-to-treat principle. Results Thirty-day response was 84.3% in the bleomycin arm and 62.3% in IFN arm (P = .002). Median time to progression was 93 days (range, 12 to 395 days) in bleomycin group, and 59 days (range, 7 to 292 days) in the IFN group (P < .001). Median survival was 96 days (range, 15 to 395) and 85 days (range, 16 to 292) in the bleomycin and IFN groups, respectively. Twenty-three patients received two doses of bleomycin, as their daily fluid output remained higher than 100 mL after the first dose. Thirteen of them had complete response, which lasted until death. Conclusion Intrapleural bleomycin is more effective than IFN and is a valid option for the palliative treatment of massive, rapidly recurrent malignant pleural effusions. The administration of a second dose of bleomycin to patients not responding to the first one can remarkably improve the overall outcome of the treatment.
Survival of Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer Improves With the Availability of Fluorouracil-Leucovorin, Irinotecan, and Oxaliplatin in the Course of Treatment
Authors: Grothey Axel , Sargent Daniel , Goldberg Richard M. , Schmoll Hans-Joachim 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Fluorouracil (FU)-leucovorin (LV), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin administered alone or in combination have proven effective in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Combination protocols using FU-LV with either irinotecan or oxaliplatin are currently regarded as standard first-line therapies in this disease. However, the importance of the availability of all three active cytotoxic agents, FU-LV, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin, on overall survival (OS) has not yet been evaluated. Materials and Methods We analyzed data from seven recently published phase III trials in advanced CRC to correlate the percentage of patients receiving second-line therapy and the percentage of patients receiving all three agents with the reported median OS, using a weighted analysis. Results The reported median OS is significantly correlated with the percentage of patients who received all three drugs in the course of their disease (P = .0008) but not with the percentage of patients who received any second-line therapy (P = .19). In addition, the use of combination protocols as first-line therapy was associated with a significant improvement in median survival of 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.27 to 5.73 months; P = .0083). Conclusion Our results support the strategy of making these three active drugs available to all patients with advanced CRC who are candidates for such therapy to maximize OS. In addition, our findings suggest that, with the availability of effective salvage options, OS should no longer be regarded as the most appropriate end point by which to assess the efficacy of a palliative first-line treatment in CRC.