bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colour temperature and placement of LED lighting near rivers can reduce attraction of flying adult caddisflies
Authors: Schofield Jessica , Hogsden Kristy , Greenwood Michelle J. , Smith Brian J. , Harding Jon S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN), which can confuse and distract insects, has been implicated as a contributor of their decline worldwide. Changes in artificial light technology has led to a widespread conversion of outdoor lighting to light‐emitting diode (LED) bulbs, which are more energy efficient than older high‐intensity discharge or fluorescent lamps. However, many outdoor LED lights emit a proportion of short‐wavelength blue light, to which insects are commonly sensitive. The potential to reduce flying insect attraction to outdoor lights by using LEDs that emit different amounts of blue light, or by placing lights further from insect sources has not been well‐studied, particularly for freshwater insects.

We tested whether four blue‐white LEDs that varied in their emittance of blue light intensity (3000, 4000, 5650, 6500 Kelvin [K] colour temperature) differed in their attractiveness to flying insects, particularly adult caddisflies (Trichoptera) over distances up to 100 m from a river. LEDs were deployed at a lit urban river and a predominantly unimpacted braided river in Canterbury, New Zealand. We expected a greater abundance and species richness of adult caddisflies to be attracted to LEDs that emit more blue light (cooler white LEDs [6500, 5650 K]) than those that emit less (warmer colour temperatures [3000 K, 4000 K]). We also expected the abundance and species richness of adult caddisflies in light traps to decline rapidly with increasing distance from the river, regardless of colour temperature.

Moths, flies and a total of 26 caddisfly species were collected from both rivers. Significantly more caddisflies were attracted to higher than lower colour temperature LEDs. For example, a more than 1.6‐fold number of caddisflies were caught by the bluer‐white 6500 K LEDs than the warmer‐white 3000 K LEDs. This trend was consistent across most caddisfly taxa and both rivers. The number of caddisflies attracted to LEDs significantly declined with increasing distance from the river edge for the two most abundant caddisfly families and the four most abundant species; 65% of all caddisflies were caught by 20 m from the river margin.

In order to reduce the attraction of caddisflies to outdoor lights such as streetlights, our study highlights the importance of considering a low LED colour temperature (3000 K or 4000 K) or those that emit less blue light and the benefit of positioning lights further back from waterways, where possible.

Our results indicate that plans for urban outdoor lighting should consider the ecological implications of different colour temperature LEDs and their spatial position as project design considerations.
RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO MOVE: THE CASE OF PRAGUE'S NEW SUBURBANITES
Authors: Špačková Petra , Dvořáková Nina , Tobrmanová Martina 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTSuburbanization has been a particularly significant process in transforming the metropolitan regions in Central and East European countries in the past two decades. Many critics emphasize the negative consequences of suburbanization, such as a low level of residential environment quality, and some of them anticipate that suburbanites' expectations would remain unfulfilled. Moreover, a growing body of literature describes the tendency for reurbanization and discusses the importance of back‐to‐the city moves. Few authors, however, have paid attention to the empirical evidence of the residential stability of suburban areas. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the relationship between the quality of the suburban environment, the everyday life experiences associated with suburbia, and reurbanization tendencies. Various aspects of residential satisfaction and intentions to move in the medium term were analysed using data from a questionnaire survey which was carried out in three case study sites within Prague's hinterland. In addition, major differences between groups of potential “stayers” and “movers” were examined to reveal key factors which lie behind intentions to move from current suburban homes. The results suggested a relatively high degree of stability and a reasonable overall satisfaction of new suburbanites with their residential environment. They also indicated that trigger moments in the decision‐making process were more closely related to the changing needs of households than the wider residential environment. Based on the research results, we were able to hypothesize that (1) a strong out‐migration from the suburban zone is rather unlikely in the near future, and (2) only a small proportion of new suburbanites are likely to engage in the reurbanization process.
Learning Theories Applied to Teaching and Improving Hydrogeological Conceptualization
Authors: Brown Shane , Bornasal Floraliza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConceptual change is the process of developing a new understanding of an idea or related set of ideas and has been researched and theorized extensively in the last few decades. Although there is ongoing debate about how and why conceptual change occurs, all agree that individuals' prior knowledge plays a role, everyone engages differently in the process, and the context of the learning environment is influential. In this paper we build upon the work explored by Jimenez‐Martinez (this issue) on conceptual change in hydrogeology, and explore how the conceptual change theory of Vosniadou may facilitate understanding the learning process in hydrogeology. Vosniadou's theory is particularly applicable because it addresses the learning of ideas that combine abstract (GW flow) and visible (water flow) concepts. A pathway for exploring hydrogeology students' mental models (from naïve framework theory, to synthetic models, to scientific mental models) and identifying misconceptions specifically within hydrogeology using methods established by Vosniadou and colleagues is proposed as a means to address some of the challenges identified by Jimenez‐Martinez.
Well‐being, postoperative pain and outcome after clinical application of a novel root canal irrigation fluid—RISA—in teeth with apical periodontitis: A first‐in‐human study
Authors: Brochado Martins João Filipe , Jautze Anthony , Georgiou Athina Christina , Tulp Birgitte Maria Theresia , Crielaard Wim , van der Waal Suzette Veronica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to assess the tolerance to the new root canal irrigation fluid RISA after root canal treatment (RCT) by evaluating the subject's postoperative well‐being, postoperative pain (PP) and treatment outcome.MethodologyA single‐arm prospective study with 16 subjects (17 teeth) diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Endodontic treatment in one session performed using RISA for root canal irrigation. Well‐being was assessed on the same day and after 24 h by telephone. For pain intensity, a visual analogue scale was used at 0–5 days. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at ≥12 months. Well‐being, occurrence of PP and outcome were qualitatively reported. Friedman test for paired samples and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. Significance was set at p < .05.ResultsAt the same day and after 24 h, 14/16 subjects felt ‘good’. 9/16 presented intra‐ or extra‐oral swelling. The frequency of PP ≥36 (weak) was 82.4%. On the same day, 1 and 2 days postoperatively, there was more pain compared with preoperative pain p < .05. At Day 3, PP equalled preoperative pain (p > .05). 62.5% of subjects needed analgesics Day 0–2. The recall rate was 94.1%, and resolution of apical periodontitis was observed in 87.5%.ConclusionsThe well‐being of subjects was good, and the overall PP intensity was low. However, postoperative intra‐ and extra‐oral swelling occurred often. At the recall visit, the effectiveness of the RCT with RISA appeared high (87.5%). The encouraging outcome results plus the fact that RISA has a broader action range than NaOCl in vitro, justify further work on the RISA solution. To reduce postoperative swelling, it is advised to further investigate the optimal way of application of RISA in the laboratory before clinical application is recommended.
Treatment options for necrobiosis lipoidica: a systematic review
Authors: Nihal Aman , Caplan Avrom S. , Rosenbach Misha , Damsky William , Mangold Aaron R. , Shields Bridget E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNecrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare, idiopathic, and recalcitrant disease of collagen degeneration for which treatment options have been poorly studied. Due to its recurring nature, risk for ulceration, and high morbidity, there is a need to understand existing treatment modalities to better inform clinical care.ObjectiveThis review aims to describe the therapeutic modalities reported in the literature for the treatment of NL.MethodsA literature search of treatments was performed by searching for publications between January 2016 and May 2022 on PubMed and Scopus. Given the limited high‐quality evidence, case reports and series were included. Only publications presenting information on both attempted treatments and outcomes were included.ResultsA total of 60 novel articles were identified (54 case reports, two case series, and four retrospective cohort studies). These studies cumulatively reported on 274 patients and covered treatments including phototherapy, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, biologics, immunosuppressants, JAK inhibitors, combination therapies, and several others. The greatest amount of evidence was found for photodynamic therapy (improvement in 72 of 80 patients), UVA‐based phototherapy (12 of 33), topical corticosteroids (21 of 46), compression therapy (15 of 20), and topical calcineurin inhibitors (11 of 17). Several newer treatments were also described, including ustekinumab and JAK inhibitors.ConclusionsThis systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of recently published treatments for NL. As the existing data comes predominantly from case reports and series, statistical conclusions are not assessed. A greater number of randomized controlled trials with standardized endpoints are necessary to compare treatment efficacy.
Growth of Er3+‐doped LiNbO3 thin‐film on LiTaO3 by e‐beam evaporation
Authors: Xue Sai‐Dong , Yang Yu‐Jing , Zhang De‐Long 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrowth of Er3+‐doped 100‐nm thick LiNbO3(LN) films on Z‐cut LiTaO3(LT) single‐crystal by e‐beam evaporation and in‐situ anneal at 600–800°C was studied. Crystalline phase, crystallographic orientation, Er3+ spectroscopic properties, constituent element valence states, defects, Er3+ concentration and stoichiometry of the films were characterized. The results show that the films are in LN single‐crystal state and orient along with c crystallographic axis. Constituent elements Li, O and Er are present in their respective single valence states Li+, O2−, Er3+, while the Nb is in two valence states Nb5+ and Nb4+. The films have Li2O‐contents around congruent point. Antisite(NbLi4+) is the major defect. Its concentration decreases, while Li2O‐content, crystallinity degree, and fluorescence intensity increase with increased growth temperature. The presence of Er3+ in the grown films is in the form of LN crystalline phase. Its concentration is considerably lower than that in initial target material because of lower e‐beam evaporation efficiency of heavy Er3+.
Patterns of African American parents' educational involvement: associations with adolescents' academic performance and motivational beliefs
Authors: Tulagan Nestor B. , Eccles Jacquelynne S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current study used survey data from 786 African American mother–adolescent (M = 12.29 years; 48% female) dyads to examine profiles of 7th‐grade parental educational involvement and their associations with adolescents' 11th‐grade academic performance, academic self‐concept, and educational aspirations. Using latent profile analyses, four patterns emerged: (a) Low Involvers; (b) Helpers, Low Providers; (c) Providers, Low Helpers; and (d) More Involved Helpers and Providers. The More Involved Helpers and Providers had adolescents with higher grades than the Helpers, Low Providers and the Low Involvers. The Providers, Low Helpers also had adolescents with higher educational aspirations than other profiles except for the More Involved Helpers and Providers. Findings suggest multiple pathways through which African American parents can enhance adolescents' academic outcomes.
Genetic diversity and resistance assessment among maize genotypes against banded leaf and sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) utilizing SSR markers
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Chauhan Prashant , Kumar Parvesh , Ravika  
Published: September 2023

AbstractA field investigation was carried out during the consecutive kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 to assess the resistance response of 38 maize genotypes against banded leaf and sheath bight (BLSB). The trials were conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal (India) under artificial epiphytotic conditions. Throughout both seasons, six genotypes (HKI 163, HKI 193‐2, HKI 488, IQPMH‐18‐2, HKI 194‐7 and HKI 1128) exhibited resistant reactions, one genotype (HM 8) showed susceptible reaction, whereas 19 genotypes showed moderately resistant response to BLSB. To analyse molecular aspects of BLSB resistance, genomic DNA was extracted and PCR amplification was performed using 22 SSR markers. Ten SSR markers (bnlg238, bnlg161, bnlg127, bnlg339, bnlg615, bnlg1272, phi077, phi080, phi035 and umc1275) revealed distinct banding patterns in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Among these, marker bnlg339 exhibited a band size of 120 bp across 14 genotypes, with six (HKI 163, HKI 193‐2, HQPM 5, IQPMH‐18‐2, HKI 194‐7 and HKI 1128) classified as resistant and eight (HKI 193‐1, HKI 1657, HKI 1378, HPQM 1, HKI 1659, HPQM 2, T Bio 259 ER and HKI 191‐2‐5) as moderately resistant, resembling the amplified profile of the resistant check genotype (HKI 163). Similarly, the markers phi080 and bnlg1272 exhibited differential amplified profile of approximately 150 bp and 240 bp, respectively, in 10 (five resistant and five moderately resistant) and 12 (four resistant and eight moderately resistant) maize genotypes throughout the study. The percentage of polymorphism for the SSR markers varied from 0 to 100%, with an average value of 95.45% per primer among all genotypes. The identification of resistant and moderately resistant genotypes and characterization of specific SSR markers associated with resistance offer practical tools for breeders to develop BLSB‐resistant maize varieties, ultimately enhancing crop resilience and food security.
Morphological alterations of the neuronal Golgi apparatus upon seizures
Authors: Skupien‐Jaroszek Anna , Szczepankiewicz Andrzej A. , Rysz Andrzej , Marchel Andrzej , Matyja Ewa , Grajkowska Wiesława , Wilczynski Grzegorz M. , Dzwonek Joanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsEpilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, affecting around 50 million people worldwide, but its underlying cellular and molecular events are not fully understood. The Golgi is a highly dynamic cellular organelle and can be fragmented into ministacks under both physiological and pathological conditions. This phenomenon has also been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders; however, the structure of the Golgi apparatus (GA) in human patients suffering from epilepsy has not been described so far. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in GA architecture in epilepsy.MethodsGolgi visualisation with immunohistochemical staining in the neocortex of adult patients who underwent epilepsy surgery; 3D reconstruction and quantitative morphometric analysis of GA structure in the rat hippocampi upon kainic acid (KA) induced seizures, as well as in vitro studies with the use of Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM in primary hippocampal neurons upon activation were performed.ResultsWe observed GA dispersion in neurons of the human neocortex of patients with epilepsy and hippocampal neurons in rats upon KA‐induced seizures. The structural changes of GA were reversible, as GA morphology returned to normal within 24 h of KA treatment. KA‐induced Golgi fragmentation observed in primary hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro was largely abolished by the addition of BAPTA‐AM.ConclusionsIn our study, we have shown for the first time that the neuronal GA is fragmented in the human brain of patients with epilepsy and rat brain upon seizures. We have shown that seizure‐induced GA dispersion can be reversible, suggesting that enhanced neuronal activity induces Golgi reorganisation that is involved in aberrant neuronal plasticity processes that underlie epilepsy. Moreover, our results revealed that elevated cytosolic Ca2+ is indispensable for these KA‐induced morphological alterations of GA in vitro.
The role of Semaphorin 3A in oral diseases
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Yang Zhenqi , Zhang Demao , Bai Mingru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSemaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), also referred to as H‐Sema III, is a molecule with significant biological importance in regulating physiological and pathological processes. However, its role in oral diseases, particularly its association with inflammatory immunity and alveolar bone remodeling defects, remains poorly understood. This comprehensive review article aims to elucidate the recent advances in understanding SEMA3A in the oral system, encompassing nerve formation, periodontitis, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, we explore its novel function in inflammatory immunomodulation and alveolar bone formation during oral infectious diseases. By doing so, this review enhances our comprehension of SEMA3A's role in oral biology and opens up possibilities for modulatory approaches and potential treatments in oral diseases.
First‐year undergraduate students’ statistical problem‐solving skills
Authors: Makwakwa Eva G. , Mogari David , Ogbonnaya Ugorji I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated first‐year undergraduate statistics students’ statistical problem‐solving skills on the probability of the union of two events, conditional probability, binomial probability distribution, probabilities for x‐limits using the z‐distribution, x‐limit associated with a given probability for a normal distribution, estimating the y‐value using a regression equation, and hypothesis testing for a single population mean when a population standard deviation is unknown. The study was a descriptive case study and employed a mixed‐method research approach. Data were collected through content analysis of a statistics course examination script of 120 first‐year undergraduate students of statistics in an open distance‐learning university in South Africa. Polya's Model of Problem Solving was used as the framework of analysis. The study revealed that the students, in general, had poor statistical problem‐solving skills.
Computed tomography and fluoroscopy versus radiographic guidance for internal fixation of simulated dorsomedial‐plantarolateral central tarsal bone fractures in nonracehorses
Authors: Smanik Lauren E. , Selberg Kurt T. , Kawcak Christopher E. , Stewart Holly L. , Goodrich Laurie R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess screw placement in simulated dorsomedial‐plantarolateral central tarsal bone (CTB) fractures using two imaging guidance techniques – computed tomography (CT) with fluoroscopy compared to digital radiography alone (DR).Study designExperimental study.Sample populationEquine cadaver hindlimbs (n = 10 pairs).MethodsOne tarsus per pair was randomly assigned to have a 4.5 mm cortical screw placed across the CTB using CT and fluoroscopy (CT/F group) or digital radiography alone (DR group). Postoperative CT was performed on all limbs. Variables related to marker placement, procedure time, and screw positioning were recorded and compared using a paired t‐test for dependent means (p < .05).ResultsTime for marker placement was longer for the CT/F group (p = .001), with no difference in total procedure time (p = .12). CT/F was not superior to radiography alone (p > .05) for parameters related to screw positioning. Based on the 95% CI, there was greater range in relative screw length using radiography (76.5%–91.2%) versus CT/F (78.4%–84.0%).ConclusionInternal fixation of CTB fractures can be successfully performed using either technique for imaging guidance. CT and fluoroscopy did not result in faster or more accurate screw placement compared to radiographs alone, except in determining screw length.Clinical significanceMild adjustments in fluoroscopic or radiographic angle appeared to be a point of variability in the perception of screw placement. While CT is recommended for improved understanding of fracture configuration and surgical planning, radiographic guidance may be a suitable alternative for internal fixation of dorsomedial‐plantarolateral fractures.
Performance and Emissions Benefits of Cooled Ceramic Matrix Composite Vanes for High-Pressure Turbines
Authors: Wehrel Patrick , Schöffler Robin , Grunwitz Clemens , Carvalho Francisco , Plohr Martin , Häßy Jannik , Petersen Anna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) offer great potential for developing lighter and more efficient aero-engines. Due to their high-temperature capability, CMCs are mainly used in the hot gas section in order to replace cooled metallic components and thus save cooling air. Especially CMC vanes for high-pressure turbines (HPTs) have been researched and tested in the past. A realistic design approach for cooled CMC vanes is the so-called shell and spar concept. The application of such vanes in HPTs as inlet guide vanes (IGVs) at constant rotor inlet temperature (T41) enables performance and emissions benefits which are assessed by means of a reference engine in this paper. Compared to metallic IGVs, more temperature-resistant CMC IGVs require significantly less cooling air and generate lower cooling losses. A quantitative comparison will be presented. Consequently, the redesign of the reference engine to the setting of a hybrid HPT leads to a reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) by 0.23% at cruise conditions. Additionally, there is potential to extract the IGV cooling air at a lower pressure level, increasing the cruise TSFC gain to 0.41%. In the course of the redesign process, the turbine inlet temperature (T4) is reduced by 50 K in order to reach the same T41 with a lower IGV coolant mass flow. Regarding emissions, this leads to a decreased production of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Hence, several NOx emissions parameters can be reduced by more than 4%.