bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics of nitramine‐based gun propellants with TEGDN as energetic plasticizer
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hsien , Chen Syuan‐Yu , Yang Tsung‐Mao , Yeh Tsao‐Fa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study mainly explored the performance characteristics of nitramine‐based (NB) gun propellants using TEGDN as an energetic plasticizer by experimental method. Three series of NB gun propellant samples with RDX, HMX or CL‐20 were prepared referring to the formulation of JA2 gun propellant. Their thermochemical characteristics, explosion heat, chemical stability and compatibility, impact, friction and electrostatic spark sensitivities, and compressive strength were determined by various instruments. The experimental results indicated that the NB gun propellant samples with RDX have lower decomposition temperature, and those with CL‐20 have higher thermogravimetric loss. Three series of NB gun propellant samples have good chemical stability and compatibility, and their explosion heat is close to that of JA2 gun propellant, but their sensitivity is lower than that of JA2 gun propellant. The maximum stress of three series of NB gun propellant samples decreases with increasing cyclic nitramine (RDX, HMX or CL‐20) content, and their compressive strength is better than that of JA2 gun propellant.
Misgav‐Ladach or modified Misgav‐Ladach versus Pfannenstiel‐Kerr methods for cesarean deliveries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bourdakos Natalie E. , Abdulsalam Fatma A. M. , Macaron Marie Michele , Nasser Maya L. , Yap Nathanael , Matar Reem H. , Adra Maamoun , Nakanishi Hayato , Than Christian A. , Arulkumaran Sir Sabaratnam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCaesarean sections (CSs) constitute a large proportion of fetal deliveries, yet no consensus exists on optimal surgical method.ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and efficacy of the Pfannenstiel‐Kerr method (PKM) in comparison to Misgav‐Ladach method (MLM) and Modified Misgav‐Ladach method (MMLM) for CS.Search StrategyCochrane, Embase, PubMed, CiNAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to March 2023.Selection CriteriaProspective studies comparing MLM with PKM or MMLM with PKM.Data Collection and AnalysisThree authors independently conducted data extraction and assessed quality. Pooled means and proportions were analyzed using inverse variance and Mantel‐Haenszel methods.Main ResultsTwenty‐seven studies with 15 251 patients, met the selection criteria. Both MLM (mean difference [MD]: −12.09 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −14.40, −9.77, Tau2 = 16.79, I2 = 97%), (MD: −125.98 mL, 95% CI: −172.13, −79.83, Tau2 = 3458.59, I2 = 87%) and MMLM (MD: −11.38 min, 95% CI: −14.72, −8.04, Tau2 = 30.56, I2 = 100%), (MD: −62.61 mL, 95% CI: −103.13, −22.09, Tau2 = 1451.35, I2 = 92%) demonstrated shorter operative time and decreased blood loss, respectively, compared to PKM. Similarly, both MLM (MD: −1.70 min, 95% CI: −2.26, −1.14, Tau2 = 0.51, I2 = 97%), (MD: −0.77 d, 95% CI: −1.35, −0.19, Tau2 = 0.60, I2 = 98%) and MMLM (MD: −2.80 min, 95% CI: −3.89, −1.70, Tau2 = 1.74, I2 = 100%), (MD: −0.58 d, 95% CI: −1.00, −0.17, Tau2 = 0.29, I2 = 100%) demonstrated shorter fetal extraction time and length of hospital stay, respectively, compared to PKM.ConclusionsMLM and MMLM should be considered safe and effective alternative approaches to CSs.
Interfacial Plasticization Strategy Enabling a Long‐Cycle‐Life Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Ming , Wu Jintian , Hu Xin , Fu Bowen , Zhang Xingwei , Luo Bin , Khan Kashif , Fang Zixuan , Xu Ziqiang , Wu Mengqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe limited ionic conductivity and unstable interface due to poor solid–solid interface pose significant challenges to the stable cycling of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). Herein, an interfacial plasticization strategy is proposed by introducing a succinonitrile (SN)‐based plastic curing agent into the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) interface. The SN at the interface strongly plasticizes the PAN in the CPE, which reduces the crystallinity of the PAN drastically and enables the CPE to obtain a low modulus surface, but it still maintains a high modulus internally. The reduced crystallinity of PAN provides more amorphous regions, which are favorable for Li+ transport. The gradient modulus structure not only ensures intimate interfacial contact but also favors the suppression of Li dendrites growth. Consequently, the interfacial plasticized CPE (SF‐CPE) obtains a high ionic conductivity of 4.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 as well as a high Li+ transference number of 0.61. The Li–Li symmetric cell with SF‐CPE can cycle for 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, the LiFeO4 (LFP)‐Li full‐cell demonstrates a high capacity retention of 86.1% after 1000 cycles at 1 C, and the LiCoO2 (LCO)‐Li system also exhibits an excellent cycling performance. This work provides a novel strategy for long‐life solid‐state batteries.
Dual‐Targeted Graphitic Cascade Nanozymes for Recognition and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Deng Hui , Zhang Yi , Cai Xinqi , Yin Zhiwei , Yang Yanxia , Dong Qian , Qiu Ye , Chen Zhuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the major etiological factor of a variety of gastric diseases. However, the treatment of H. pylori is challenged by the destruction of targeted drugs by gastric acid and pepsin. Herein, a dual‐targeted cascade catalytic nanozyme PtCo@Graphene@Hemin‐2(L‐arginine) (PtCo@G@H2A) is designed for the treatment of H. pylori. The dual‐targeting ability of PtCo@G@H2A is derived from directly targeting the receptor protein of H. pylori through hemin and responding to the acidic environment to cause charge reversal (protonation of L‐arginine) to capture H. pylori, achieving efficient targeting effect. Compared with the single‐targeting strategy relying on hemin, the dual‐targeting strategy can greatly improve the targeting rate, achieving an increase of 850% targeting rate. At the concentration of NaHCO3 in intestinal fluid, the surface potential of PtCo@G@H2A can be quickly restored to avoid side effects. Meanwhile, PtCo@G@H2A has pH‐responsive oxidase‐like activity, which can generate nitric oxide (NO) through a cascade catalytic process that first generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) with oxygen, and further oxidizes L‐arginine through ROS, realizing a superior acid‐selective bactericidal effect. Overall, it proposes a promising strategy for the treatment of H. pylori that maintains high targeting and therapeutic effects in the environment of gastric acid and pepsin.
Confined Synthesis of Dual‐Atoms Within Pores of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Xiubei , Li Xuewen , Liu Minghao , Yang Shuai , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDual‐atom catalysts exhibit higher reactivity and selectivity than the single‐atom catalysts. The pyrolysis of bimetal salt precursors is the most typical method for synthesizing dual‐atomic catalysts; however, the finiteness of bimetal salts limits the variety of dual‐atomic catalysts. In this study, a confined synthesis strategy for synthesizing dual‐atomic catalysts is developed. Owing to the in situ synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks in the pores of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), the migration and aggregation of metal atoms are suppressed adequately during the pyrolysis process. The resultant catalyst contains abundant Zn─Co dual atomic sites with 2.8 wt.% Zn and 0.5 wt.% Co. The catalyst exhibits high reactivity toward oxygen reduction reaction with a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V, which is superior to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Theoretical calculations reveal that the Zn atoms in the Zn─Co dual atomic sites promote the formation of intermediate OOH*, and thus contribute to high catalytic performance. This study provides new insights into the design of dual‐atom catalysts using COFs.
Soap Film Transfer Printing for Ultrathin Electronics
Authors: Che Lixuan , Hu Xiaoguang , Xu Hechen , Liu Yuanbo , Lv Cunjing , Kang Zhan , Wu Mengxi , Wen Rongfu , Wu Huaping , Cui Jiayi , Li Kun , Qi Guangliang , Luo Yangjun , Ma Xuehu , Sun Feiyi , Li Ming , Liu Junshan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlexible and stretchable electronics have attractive applications inaccessible to conventional rigid electronics. However, the mainstream transfer printing techniques have challenges for electronic films in terms of thickness and size and limitations for target substrates in terms of curvature, depth, and interfacial adhesion. Here a facile, damage‐free, and contamination‐free soap film transfer printing technique is reported that enables the wrinkle‐free transfer of ultrathin electronic films, precise alignment in a transparent manner, and conformal and adhesion‐independent printing onto various substrates, including those too topographically and adhesively challenging by existing methods. In principle, not only the pattern, resolution, and thickness of transferred films, but also the curvature, depth, and adhesion of target substrates are unlimited, while the size of transferred films can be as high as meter‐scale. To demonstrate the capabilities of soap film transfer printing, pre‐fabricated ultrathin electronics with multiple patterns, single micron resolution, sub‐micron thickness, and centimeter size are conformably integrated onto the ultrathin web, ultra‐soft cotton, DVD‐R disk with the minimum radius of curvature of 131 nm, interior cavity of Klein bottle and dandelion with ultralow adhesion. The printed ultrathin sensors show superior conformabilities and robust adhesion, leading to engineering opportunities including electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition and temperature measurement in aqueous environments.
Corticotropin‐releasing factor‐dopamine interactions in male and female macaque: Beyond the classic VTA
Authors: Kelly E. A. , Love T. M. , Fudge J. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDopamine (DA) is involved in stress and stress‐related illnesses, including many psychiatric disorders. Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) plays a role in stress responses and targets the ventral midbrain DA system, which is composed of DA and non‐DA cells, and divided into specific subregions. Although CRF inputs to the midline A10 nuclei (“classic VTA”) are known, in monkeys, CRF‐containing terminals are also highly enriched in the expanded A10 parabrachial pigmented nucleus (PBP) and in the A8 retrorubral field subregions. We characterized CRF‐labeled synaptic terminals on DA (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH+) and non‐DA (TH–) cell types in the PBP and A8 regions using immunoreactive electron microscopy (EM) in male and female macaques. CRF labeling was present mostly in axon terminals, which mainly contacted TH‐negative dendrites in both subregions. Most CRF‐positive terminals had symmetric profiles. In both PBP and A8, CRF symmetric (putative inhibitory) synapses onto TH‐negative dendrites were significantly greater than asymmetric (putative excitatory) profiles. This overall pattern was similar in males and females, despite shifts in the size of these effects between regions depending on sex. Because stress and gonadal hormone shifts can influence CRF expression, we also did hormonal assays over a 6‐month time period and found little variability in basal cortisol across similarly housed animals at the same age. Together our findings suggest that at baseline, CRF‐positive synaptic terminals in the primate PBP and A8 are poised to regulate DA indirectly through synaptic contacts onto non‐DA neurons.
The history of UK weather forecasting: the changing role of the central guidance forecaster. Part 8. Operational forecasting in the twenty‐first century: enhanced capabilities from nowcasting to extended range
Authors: Young Martin V. , Grahame Nick S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh‐resolution models have brought about capabilities in forecasting that could barely have been envisaged decades ago. The same advances in computer power and atmospheric science that enabled successful high‐resolution modelling have also led to useful forecasts further into the medium range and beyond. However, there remain problems forecasting at very short range, in particular concerning convection, for which new products and techniques are being trialled at the Met Office. We examine how these latest developments present the forecaster not only with exciting opportunities, but also fresh challenges, in particular, interpreting the plethora of output now available, whilst adhering to tight operational deadlines.
Assessing the impact of environmental enrichment on behavior in understudied armadillo species: A case study
Authors: Kelly Robert , Rose Paul E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe implementation of environmental enrichment (EE) can be effective in promoting zoo animal welfare by enhancing the performance of natural or species‐typical behaviors. Research on the effects of EE is biased towards larger mammalian species, with less charismatic species being overlooked. Armadillos are one such overlooked example. A captive environment that results in inactivity, obesity, and associated poor health can negatively affect armadillo well‐being. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the implementation of four physical object‐based EEs could positively affect the behaviors of three armadillo species, housed in four similar exhibits. Behavioral data were collected both before (baseline) and during (treatment) EE periods, alongside of visitor number and environmental temperatures. The EE comprised of a plastic ball or a cardboard tube or a cardboard box, or a scatter‐feed, and these were rotated each week of study until each exhibit had received them in turn. Despite the presence of different EE types, activity remained low throughout the study. However, results suggest that the plastic ball and cardboard box increased exploratory behaviors in the armadillos, but no overall increase in activity was noted during the scatter feed. Visitor presence had no effect on armadillo activity, and armadillos showed reduced activity with increasing environmental temperature. Overall, the use of physical object‐based EE promoted beneficial natural behaviors in zoo‐housed armadillos, but environmental conditions (i.e., temperature) also impacted armadillo activity, suggesting a complicated relationship between an enclosure's environmental variable and any behavioral husbandry measures.
Gapped interfaces in fracton models and foliated fields
Authors: Hsin Po-Shen , Luo Zhu-Xi , Malladi Ananth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work investigates the gapped interfaces of 3+1d fracton phases of matter using foliated gauge theories and lattice models. We analyze the gapped boundaries and gapped interfaces in X cube model, and the gapped interfaces between the X-cube model and the toric code. The gapped interfaces are either “undecorated” or “decorated”, where the “decorated” interfaces have additional Chern-Simons like actions for foliated gauge fields. We discover many new gapped boundaries and interfaces, such as (1) a gapped boundary for X-cube model where the electric lineons orthogonal to the interface become the magnetic lineons, the latter are the composite of magnetic planons; (2) a Kramers-Wannier-duality type gapped interface between the X-cube model and the toric code model from gauging planar subsystem one-form symmetry; and (3) an electromagnetic duality interface in the X-cube model that exchanges the electric and magnetic lineons.
AdS2 holography and effective QFT
Authors: Choi Sangmin , Larsen Finn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We discuss AdS2 quantum gravity from an unconventional perspective that emphasizes bulk geometry. In our approach, AdS2 has no boundary, there are no divergences that require renormalization, and the dilaton of JT-gravity can be omitted altogether. The result is the standard Schwarzian theory. However, it may be advantageous that our derivation just relies on conventional AdS/CFT correspondence and effective quantum field theory. For example, it clarifies the symmetry breaking pattern. It also puts the non-compact AdS2 topology on the same footing as compact Riemann surfaces.
Statistics of Feynman amplitudes in ϕ4-theory
Authors: Balduf Paul-Hermann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The amplitude of subdivergence-free logarithmically divergent Feynman graphs in ϕ4-theory in 4 spacetime dimensions is given by a single number, the Feynman period. We numerically compute the periods of 1.3 million completed graphs, this represents more than 33 million graphs contributing to the beta function. Our data set includes all primitive graphs up to 13 loops, and non-complete samples up to 18 loops, with an accuracy of ca. 4 significant digits.We implement all known symmetries of the period in a new computer program and count them up to 14 loops. Combining the symmetries, we discover relations between periods that had been overlooked earlier. All expected symmetries are respected by the numerical values of periods.We examine the distribution of the numerically computed Feynman periods. We confirm the leading asymptotic growth of the average period with growing loop order, up to a factor of 2. At high loop order, a limiting distribution is reached for the amplitudes near the mean. A small class of graphs, most notably the zigzags, grows significantly faster than the mean and causes the limiting distribution to have divergent moments even when normalized to unit mean. We examine the relation between the period and various properties of the underlying graphs. We confirm the strong correlation with the Hepp bound, the Martin invariant, and the number of 6-edge cuts. We find that, on average, the amplitude of planar graphs is significantly larger than that of non-planar graphs, irrespective of O(N) symmetry.We estimate the primitive contribution to the 18-loop beta function of the O(N)-symmetric theory. We find that primitive graphs constitute a large part of the beta function in MS for L → ∞ loops. The relative contribution of planar graphs increases with growing N and decreases with growing loop order L.
Increase in complicated upper respiratory tract infection in children during the 2022/2023 winter season—a post coronavirus disease 2019 effect?
Authors: Metz Corona , Schmid Andrea , Veldhoen Simon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections usually peak during winter months.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether imaging of complicated upper airway infection in children increased during the winter season of 2022/2023.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective study setting, pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans for evaluation of upper respiratory tract infection performed between October 2022 and April 2023 were analyzed regarding presence of the following complications: mastoiditis, abscess, phlegmon, meningitis, reactive vasculitis, and sinus vein thrombosis. Pathogen detection, surgery, and infection parameters were obtained. Data were compared with MRI and CT scans performed in the same months of the preceding five years, distinguishing between pandemic and pre-pandemic years.ResultsDuring the 2022/2023 winter season, the number of MRI and CT scans in children with upper airway infections, the complication rate, the rate of detected streptococcal infections, and the rate of surgery increased significantly compared to expectations based on the five prior winter seasons (allP<0.05). During the first complete pandemic winter season in Europe (2020/2021), the number of MRI and CT scans in children with upper airway infection, the complication rate, and the rates of streptococcal detection and surgery decreased significantly compared to expectations based on the pre-pandemic, the second pandemic, and the post-pandemic winter seasons (allP<0.05).ConclusionAfter a decline during the first pandemic winter season, there was a marked rebound in complicated upper airway infection in children, with a significant increase in cases during the 2022/2023 winter season compared to the pre-pandemic and pandemic years.Graphical Abstract
Response of an Euler–Bernoulli beam subject to a stochastic disturbance
Authors: Olawale Lukman , Gao Tao , George Erwin , Lai Choi-Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work concerns the stochastic analysis of the bending of a slender cantilever beam subject to an external force with the inclusion of a stochastic effect characterised by white noise. The beam deflection is governed by the classic dynamic Euler–Bernoulli equation. Its response to the stochastic external load is investigated by learning pattern from the simulation data which are collected from numerical computations of ten thousand numerical experiments, which are achieved using a finite difference method coupled with a Monte Carlo method for the uncertainty quantification. Insightful results are presented with visualisation techniques and discussed in detail. Of note, by performing regression analysis to the data, the solution is shown to follow a centred Gaussian process with a strong numerical evidence. The associated autocovariance matrix is computed using the sample data. Then, a mild solution in the probability sense for the deflection at a fixed position and a fixed time is written explicitly in a simple form. The results obtained by the finite difference scheme were also compared to the finite-element scheme and were found to be in good agreement. Unsurprisingly, the finite-element scheme was found to be much more computationally expensive compared to finite difference scheme. Hence, for such a simple structure, the stochastic analysis using the finite difference scheme is preferred. Analysis of the results also showed that some of the regression parameters converge when the number of simulations reaches five hundred and only vary subject to numerical errors of order $$10^{-6}$$

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if the number of simulations is further increased. While others converge when the number of simulations exceeds two thousand showing that depending on the level of precision required fewer than ten thousand simulations might be required.