bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Phosphido‐Bridged Phosphinito Platinum(I) Complexes by Reaction of cis‐PtCl2(PHCy2)2 with Oxygenated Bases – Crystal Structure of [(PCy2OMe)Pt(μ‐PCy2)]2(Pt–Pt)
Authors: Gallo Vito , Latronico Mario , Mastrorilli Piero , Nobile Cosimo F. , Suranna Gian P. , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Englert Ulli 
Published: September 2005

AbstractReaction of cis‐PtCl2(PHCy2)2 (1) with oxygenated bases leads to phosphido‐bridged dinuclear complexes. The product obtained using sodium hydroxide is the asymmetric PtI complex [(Cy2PH)Pt(μ‐PCy2)(κ2P,O‐μ‐Cy2PO)Pt(Cy2PH)](Pt–Pt) (2), which represents a rare example of a complex containing a Pt–Pt–P–O cycle. The reaction products between 1 and NaOR (R = Me, Et) depend on experimental conditions: lack of base results in the formation of trans‐[Pt(PHCy2)Cl(μ‐PCy2)]2 (3) as the main product. Using an excess of base at 50 °C allowed the isolation of the symmetric PtI dimers [(PCy2OR)Pt(μ‐PCy2)]2(Pt–Pt) (5, R = Me; 7, R = Et) containing two alkyl dicyclohexylphosphinito ligands. The asymmetric compounds [(PCy2H)Pt(μ‐PCy2)2Pt(PCy2OR)](Pt–Pt) (4, R = Me; 8, R = Et) form after work‐up of the reaction of 1 with excess NaOR (8 equiv.) in toluene/methanol at room temperature. Investigations on the mechanism of formation of phosphinito PtI complexes (carried out also employing NaOtBu and NaOPh as oxygenated bases) show that the first two steps of the overall reaction are the metathesis leading to cis‐Pt(OR)2(PHCy2)2 and the subsequent formation of terminal phosphido complexes through ROH elimination. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction showed that molecules of 5 are located on crystallographic inversion centres; hence their necessarily planar Pt2P2 core contains a Pt–Pt bond. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Remembering the cell fate during cellular differentiation
Authors: Zhou Guo‐Ling , Xin Li , Liu De‐Pei , Liang Chih‐Chuan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHigher eukaryote contains several hundreds of different cell types, each with a distinctive set of property defined by a unique gene expression pattern, even though every cell (with minor exception) shares the common genome. During cellular differentiation, the committed gene expression pattern is set up and propagated through numerous cell divisions. Therefore, cells must have evolved some elegant and inherent mechanisms to remember their expression states for the requirement of the stability of differentiation and development. Here we speculate a hypothetically cellular memory mechanism. In this hypothesis, the cell–cell variation during cellular differentiation may result from the inherent stochastic gene expression. The evolution of histone and distant regulatory sequences change the parameters of expression stochasticity. S‐phase‐dependent gene activation and epigenetic marks on chromatin provide means to discriminate transcriptionally active and repressive states. Eventually, mitotic memory mechanisms have been developed through which these expression states are transmitted through numerous cell divisions. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of aging on corticosterone secretion in diestrous rats
Authors: Lo Ming‐Jae , Kau Mei‐Mei , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe roles of age and prolactin (PRL) in regulating glucocorticoid secretion in diestrous rats were investigated. Adrenal zona fasciculata‐reticularis (ZFR) cells from young, adult, middle (mid)‐aged, and old female rats were isolated. Estrous cycle stage was determined by light microscopy after vaginal smears. Blood samples were collected from right jugular vein at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after challenge with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). During the diestrous phase, plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were lower in mid‐aged and old rats than in either young or adult rats. Age‐dependent increases of the basal levels of plasma PRL and corticosterone were observed. No difference of ACTH‐increased plasma concentrations of corticosterone was observed among young, adult, mid‐aged, and old rats. Aging increased the basal, ACTH‐, PRL‐, forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator)‐, and 3‐isobutyl‐l‐methylxanthine (IBMX, a non‐selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor)‐stimulated release of corticosterone and production of adenosine 3′, 5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in ZFR cells. However, the 8‐Br‐cAMP (a membrane‐permeable cAMP)‐stimulated release of corticosterone was not affected by age. Taken together, these data indicated that aging increased corticosterone secretion in female rats during diestrous phase, which is in part due to an increase in cAMP accumulation. In conclusion, aging and PRL play a stimulatory role in the co‐regulation of corticosterone secretion. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for TGF‐ß1 and bleomycin intracellular signaling through autocrine regulation of Smad 3 binding to the proximal promoter of the Smad 7 gene
Authors: Cutroneo Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBoth Bleomycin and TGF‐β1 increase the transcription of the COL1A1 gene. Bleomycin acts through TGF‐β1. Bleomycin stimulates the COL1A1 promoter through the distal TGF‐β response element by intracellular and extracellular signaling. As demonstrated in this manuscript, Bleomycin's intracellular signaling can be explained by a decrease of Smad 3 transcription factor binding to the SBE located in the proximal promoter of the inhibitory Smad 7 gene. This would result in TGF‐β1‐induced activated SMADS, which would result in more collagen. Bleomycin's extracellular signaling results from the secretion of more latent TGF‐β produced by lung fibroblasts and cleaved to active TGF‐β extracellularly. Since the TGF‐β genes are auto‐induced in human embryonic IMR‐90 lung fibroblasts, this study indicates an autocrine mechanism to maintain homeostasis in vivo for fibroblasts and other cell types, which produce TGF‐β1 to limit the fibrogenic response to TGF‐β1 and Bleomycin. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 933–939, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene transcription by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kato Naoko , Nakayama Youhei , Nakajima Yu , Samoto Hiroshi , Saito Ryoichiro , Yamanouchi Fumihiko , Masunaga Hiroshi , Shimizu Emi , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major mediator of inflammatory responses in periodontal disease that inhibits bone formation and stimulates bone resorption. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the suppression of bone formation, we have analyzed the effects of LPS on BSP gene expression. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a mineralized tissue‐specific protein that appears to function in the initial mineralization of bone. Treatment of osteoblast‐like ROS 17/2.8 cells with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 12 h caused a marked reduction in BSP mRNA levels. The addition of antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC; 20 mM) 30 min prior to stimulation with LPS attenuated the inhibition of BSP mRNA levels. Transient transfection analyses, using chimeric constructs of the rat BSP gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene, revealed that LPS (1 µg/ml) suppressed expression of luciferase construct, encompassing BSP promoter nucleotides −108 to +60, transfected into ROS17/2.8 cells. The effects of LPS were inhibited by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89 and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A (HA). Introduction of 2 bp mutations in the inverted CCAAT box (ATTGG; nts −50 and −46), a cAMP response element (CRE; nts −75 to −68), a FGF response element (FRE; nts −92 to −85), and a pituitary specific transcription factor binding element (Pit‐1; nts −111 to −105) showed that the LPS effects were mediated by the CRE and FRE. Whereas the FRE and 3′‐FRE DNA‐protein complexes were decreased by LPS, CRE DNA‐protein complex did not change after LPS treatment. These studies, therefore, show that LPS suppresses BSP gene transcription through PKA and tyrosine kinase‐dependent pathways and that the LPS effects are mediated through CRE and FRE elements in the proximal BSP gene promoter. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LTBP‐1 blockade in dioxin receptor‐null mouse embryo fibroblasts decreases TGF‐β activity: Role of extracellular proteases plasmin and elastase
Authors: Gomez‐Duran Aurea , Mulero‐Navarro Sonia , Chang Xiaoqing , Fernandez‐Salguero Pedro M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) lacking dioxin receptor (AhR), high levels of latent transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)‐binding protein‐1 (LTBP‐1) correlated with increased TGF‐β1 activity, an observation suggesting that LTBP‐1 could contribute to maintain TGF‐β1 levels. Here, using small interfering RNAs (siRNA), we have first analyzed if LTBP‐1 expression affected TGF‐β1 activity in MEF cells. We have then determined how LTBP‐1 levels could alter the activity of extracellular proteases known to activate TGF‐β1, and finally, whether protease inhibition could reduce TGF‐β1 activation. LTBP‐1 inhibition by siRNA in AhR−/− MEF decreased the amount of active TGF‐β1 and reduced plasminogen activators (PA)/plasmin and elastase activities and thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) expression, without significantly affecting their mRNA levels. On the contrary, LTBP‐1 siRNA restored matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) activity in AhR−/− MEF. Interestingly, whereas a TGF‐β1 neutralizing antibody mimicked many of the LTBP‐1 siRNA effects on extracellular proteases, addition of recombinant TGF‐β1 protein increased proteases activity over basal levels in AhR−/− MEF. These proteases contributed to TGF‐β activation since their specific inhibitors reduced active TGF‐β levels in these cells. These results suggest that LTBP‐1 contributes to TGF‐β1 activation in MEF, possibly by influencing the activities of PA/plasmin, elastase, TSP‐1, and MMP‐2. TGF‐β1, on the other hand, could be also involved in maintaining the activity of these extracellular proteases. Thus, LTBP‐1 appears to play a role in TGF‐β1 activation through a process involving extracellular protease activities, which, in turn, could be affected by TGF‐β1 levels. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“New”‐clear functions of PDK1: Beyond a master kinase?
Authors: Kikani Chintan K. , Dong Lily Q. , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2005

AbstractActivation of cytosolic phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI‐3K) signaling pathway has been well established to regulate gene expression, cell cycle, and survival by feeding signals to the nucleus. In addition, strong evidences accumulated over the past few years indicate the presence of an autonomous inositol lipid metabolism and PI‐3K signaling within the nucleus. Much less, however, is known about the role and regulation of this nuclear PI‐3K pathway. Components of the PI‐3K signaling pathway, including PI 3‐kinase and its downstream kinase Akt, have been identified at the nuclear level. Consistent with the presence of a complete PI‐3K signaling pathway in the nucleus, we have recently found that phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), a kinase functioning downstream of PI‐3K and upstream of Akt, is a nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling protein. In the present review, we update our current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms and the functional roles of PDK1 nuclear translocation. We also summarize some of the kinase‐independent activities of PDK1 in cell signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR‐guided percutaneous ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma in a 0.2T open MR system
Authors: Kim Young Jun , Raman Steven S. , Yu Nam C. , Lu David S.K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to describe our experience with single‐session percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under the guidance of 0.2‐T open MRI for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) that were not suitable for ablation under ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT) guidance. None of the lesions (N = 7) were detectable on US. MRI was chosen over CT as the guidance modality because the nodules were located in the hepatic dome (N = 4) or were invisible on noncontrast CT (N = 3). All of the nodules were targeted successfully, and apparently complete tumor necrosis was achieved in six nodules (86%). During a follow‐up of one to 41 months, only one patient developed local recurrence four months after PEI. MR‐guided PEI is feasible and effective for treating HCC when other imaging guidance methods are not appropriate. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geometric distortion correction of high‐resolution 3 T diffusion tensor brain images
Authors: Ardekani Siamak , Sinha Usha 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted images based on echo planar sequences suffer from distortions due to field inhomogeneities from susceptibility differences as well as from eddy currents arising from diffusion gradients. In this paper, a novel approach using nonlinear warping based on optic flow to correct distortions of baseline and diffusion weighted echo planar images (EPI) acquired at 3 T is presented. The distortion correction was estimated by warping the echo planar images to the anatomically correct T2‐weighted fast spin echo images (T2‐FSE). A global histogram intensity matching of the T2‐FSE precedes the base line EPI image distortion correction. A local intensity‐matching algorithm was used to transform labeled T2‐FSE regions to match intensities of diffusion‐weighted EPI images prior to distortion correction of these images. Evaluation was performed using three methods: (i) visual comparison of overlaid contours, (ii) a global mutual information index, and (iii) a local distance measure between homologous points. Visual assessment and the global index demonstrated a decrease in geometrical distortion and the distance measure showed that distortions are reduced to a subvoxel level. In conclusion, the warping algorithm is effective in reducing geometric distortions, enabling generation of anatomically correct diffusion tensor images at 3 T. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast method for brain image segmentation: Application to proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Bonekamp David , Horská Alena , Jacobs Michael A. , Arslanoglu Atilla , Barker Peter B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe interpretation of brain metabolite concentrations measured by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is assisted by knowledge of the percentage of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within each MRSI voxel. Usually, this information is determined from T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) that have a much higher spatial resolution than the MRSI data. While this approach works well, it is time‐consuming. In this article, a rapid data acquisition and analysis procedure for image segmentation is described, which is based on collection of several, thick slice, fast spin echo images (FSE) of different contrast. Tissue segmentation is performed with linear “Eigenimage” filtering and normalization. The method was compared to standard segmentation techniques using high‐resolution 3D T1‐weighted MRI in five subjects. Excellent correlation between the two techniques was obtained, with voxel‐wise regression analysis giving GM: R2 = 0.893 ± 0.098, WM: R2 = 0.892 ± 0.089, ln(CSF): R2 = 0.831 ± 0.082). Test–retest analysis in one individual yielded an excellent agreement of measurements with R2 higher than 0.926 in all three tissue classes. Application of FSE/EI segmentation to a sample proton MRSI dataset yielded results similar to prior publications. It is concluded that FSE imaging in conjunction with Eigenimage analysis is a rapid and reliable way of segmenting brain tissue for application to proton MRSI. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of flyback echo‐planar readout gradients for magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Cunningham Charles H. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Chen Albert P. , Xu Duan , Nelson Sarah J. , Hurd Ralph E. , Kelley Douglas A. , Pauly John M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe spatial resolution of conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging‐(MRSI) is typically coarse, mainly due to SNR limitations. The increased signal available with higher field scanners and new array coils now permits higher spatial resolution, but conventional chemical shift imaging (phase encoding) limits the spatial coverage possible in a patient‐acceptable acquisition time. The “flyback” echo‐planar trajectory is particularly insensitive to errors and provides data that are simple to process. In this study, high‐efficiency gradient waveforms for flyback echo‐planar MRSI were designed and implemented. Normal volunteer studies at 3 T showed the feasibility of acquiring high spatial resolution with large coverage in a short scan time (2048 voxels in 2.3 min and 4096 voxels in 8.5 min). The trajectories were insensitive to errors in timing and require only a modest (10 to 30%) penalty in SNR relative to conventional phase encoding using the same acquisition time. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution steady‐state free precession coronary magnetic resonance angiography within a breath‐hold: Parallel imaging with extended cardiac data acquisition
Authors: Park Jaeseok , Larson Andrew C. , Zhang Qiang , Simonetti Orlando , Li Debiao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCoronary artery imaging data are conventionally acquired in a single imaging frame during mid‐diastole. The data acquisition window must be sufficiently short to avoid cardiac motion artifacts. A short data acquisition window results in decreased imaging efficiency and limited spatial resolution. Parallel imaging may lessen these limitations, but requires highly accurate coil sensitivity. The purpose of this work was to increase the imaging efficiency and spatial resolution in coronary artery imaging using parallel imaging with an extended acquisition window. External coil calibration data were acquired before and after a short mid‐diastolic period of accelerated imaging data acquisition. It was assumed that residual cardiac motion in the extended acquisition window would not impede accurate estimation of coil sensitivity since only low spatial frequency signals were acquired for coil calibration. Experimental studies were performed in five healthy volunteers at 3 T using steady‐state free precession sequence. Statistical comparison was made between the proposed method and conventional data acquisition for visual quality of image and vessel sharpness. The proposed technique demonstrated higher visual grading and improved vessel sharpness. The proposed method is a new approach to enhance the imaging efficiency and spatial resolution in coronary artery imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenesis of the cholinergic medial septum in female and male C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Schaevitz Laura R. , Berger‐Sweeney Joanne 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSex differences exist in the structure and function of the cholinergic septo‐hippocampal system throughout the lifespan of mammals. How and when these sex differences originate is unclear. Because estrogen modulates sexual differentiation of several brain regions during development and influences neurogenesis in adult mammals, we hypothesized that sexual dimorphism of the cholinergic septo‐hippocampal system would extend to its neurogenesis. A birthdating agent 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected into pregnant dams on one of eight gestational days, ranging from embryonic day (E)10 to E17. The offspring were euthanized at 2 months of age, and brains were processed for BrdU and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity to label cholinergic neurons that became postmitotic on a given embryonic day and survived to adulthood. Unbiased stereology was used to compare the number of double‐labeled neurons in the medial septum (MS) of female and male offspring. Cholinergic neurons in the MS were generated primarily between E11 and E14, similar to other published reports. We found sex differences in the pattern of peak neurogenesis but not in the length of neurogenesis, or in total number of neurons generated in the MS. Additionally, in adult female and male mice, we estimated the total number of cholinergic neurons using unbiased stereology and found no sex differences in the number of cholinergic neurons or in the volume of the MS in adulthood. These results suggest that sex differences noted in the function of the postnatal cholinergic septo‐hippocampal system may originate from its neurogenesis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Increasing herbal product consumption in Thailand
Authors: Riewpaiboon Arthorn 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate expenditures and categories of herbal product consumption in drugstores in Thailand.MethodsThe study was designed as a cross‐sectional descriptive research. Study population was drugs and foods produced from herbs sold in all registered drugstores in Thailand. Regarding sampling, one province was selected from each of 13 regions by convenience sampling. Drugstores in each province were included at a proportion of 1% of the population by a convenience sampling method. Purchasing documents of the drugstores were collected for two consecutive months in 2001 and 2003. The medians of prices were used to estimate value of the whole country.ResultsThe sample included 129 and 121 drugstores in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Total consumption was 27 and 32 million US$ (1 US$ = 40 Thai baht) in the year 2001 and 2003, respectively. At constant prices, this represented an increase of 11%. The five top‐ranked categories of products used in 2003 were haematonics, post‐delivery drugs, anti‐constipation, anti‐cough, and cardiotonics.ConclusionsHerbal product consumption increased by 11% from 2001 to 2003. To cover the full range of consumption of herbal products, further studies should include other outlets, for example hospital and direct sales. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties and morphologies of UV‐cured epoxy acrylate blend films containing hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate/hyperbranched polyester
Authors: Xu Gang , Zhao Yongbin , Shi Wenfang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe properties and morphologies of UV‐cured epoxy acrylate (EB600) blend films containing hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate (HUA)/hyperbranched polyester (HPE) were investigated. A small amount of HUA added to EB600 improved both the tensile strength and elongation at break without damaging its storage modulus (E′). The highest tensile strength of 31.9 MPa and an elongation at break around two times that of cured pure EB600 were obtained for the EB600‐based film blended with 10% HUA. Its log E′ (MPa) value was measured to be 9.48, that is, about 98% of that of the cured EB600 film. The impact strength and critical stress intensity factor (K1c) of the blends were investigated. A 10 wt % HUA content led to a K1c value 1.75 times that of the neat EB600 resin, and the impact strength of the EB600/HPE blends increased from 0.84 to 0.95 kJ m−1 with only 5 wt % HPE addition. The toughening effects of HUA and HPE on EB600 were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy photographs of the fracture surfaces of films. Moreover, for the toughening mechanism of HPE to EB600, it was suggested that the HPE particles, as a second phase in the cured EB600 film, were deformed in a cold drawing, which was caused by the difference between the elastic moduli of HPE and EB600. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3159–3170, 2005