bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erroneous Reporting of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci as
Kocuria
spp. by the Vitek 2 System
Authors: Ben-Ami R. , Navon-Venezia S. , Schwartz D. , Schlezinger Y. , Mekuzas Y. , Carmeli Y. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Misidentification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) may delay appropriate treatment. We investigated 20 clinical isolates identified as
Kocuria
spp. by the Vitek 2 system. All were identified as CoNS by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (18
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, 1
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
). Four
Kocuria
isolates were shown to be identical to CoNS from the same patient by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates identified by Vitek 2 as
Kocuria
most likely represent misidentified CoNS, and if clinically indicated, should be investigated further by genomic methods.
Arthrobacter scleromaesp. nov. Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens
Authors: Huang Ying , Zhao Naixin , He Liang , Wang Liming , Liu Zhiheng , You Min , Guan Fulai 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTA gram-positive, coryneform bacterium was isolated from swollen scleromata of a dermatosis patient. An analysis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics showed that this bacterium is closely associated withArthrobacter oxydansandArthrobacter polychromogenesbut that it belongs to a distinct species, for which the nameArthrobacter scleromaesp. nov. is proposed.
Spondylitis Due to
Mycobacterium xenopi
in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Meybeck Agnès , Fortin Claude , Abgrall Sophie , Adle-Biassette Homa , Hayem Gilles , Ruimy Raymond , Yeni Patrick 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are well known to occur in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, spondylitis due to mycobacteria other than
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is uncommon. We report a case of biopsy- and culture-proven
Mycobacterium xenopi
spondylitis in an AIDS patient and discuss approaches to diagnosis and therapy. This case serves to highlight the potential pathogenic role of this usually environmental commensal organism in severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients and uncertainties in their management, given the scarce data on appropriate therapy for this organism.
First Isolation of
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
from a Patient with a Cholesteatoma and Experiencing Meningitis
Authors: Feuillet Lionel , Carvajal Joseph , Sudre Isabelle , Pelletier Jean , Thomassin Jean Marc , Drancourt Michel , Cherif André Ali 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

A 45-year-old man with a cholesteatoma experienced purulent meningitis. Microbial analysis of cerebrospinal fluid yielded in pure culture a gram-negative bacillus. Phenotypic methods were suggestive of a
Bacteroides distasonis
or either a
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
or
Bacteroides ovatus
infection. The isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as
B. thetaiotaomicron
. This is the first case of
B. thetaiotaomicron
meningitis in pure culture.
Pulmonary
Mycobacterium intermedium
Disease in an Elderly Man with Healed Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ito Akihide , Kishi Fujiya , Saito Nariyoshi , Kazumi Yuko , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

A 76-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli. The 16S rRNA sequence identified the culture isolate as
Mycobacterium intermedium
, the pathogenicity of which has not been confirmed. Chemotherapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol resulted in clinical improvement.
Mixed Bacterial Meningitis Due to
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Neisseria meningitidis
in an 18-Month-Old Child
Authors: Marchandin H. , Ventura V. , Alonso J.-M. , Van de Perre P. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
We report an unusual case of culture-proven pneumococcal and meningococcal mixed meningitis in an 18-month-old girl. The patient responded well to antimicrobial therapy and recovered completely without sequelae. No underlying condition could be demonstrated except a rhinitis of unknown etiology 2 days before the onset of the symptoms suggesting meningitis.
Accidents don’t happen any more: junior doctors’ experience of fatal accident inquiries in Scotland
Authors: McCulloch J , Sykes M , Haut F 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Objective
To determine the experience of junior doctors cited as witnesses at fatal accident inquiries (FAIs).

Design
Retrospective questionnaire study.

Setting and subjects
40 junior doctors who had been involved in FAIs from January 1998 to August 2002 were identified by the Medical Protection Society and Medical and Dental Defence Union of Scotland: 21 completed questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 52.5%.

Results
The process and objectives of FAIs were poorly understood. Few participants were proactive in contacting their defence union. There was a perceived lack of both formal and informal supports with respondents describing a “blame culture” within the medical profession. The experience of the FAI was generally considered stressful with respondents describing possible improvements relating to support, information, training, and the FAI procedure.

Conclusions
Junior medical staff are poorly informed in this medicolegal area. There is a need for the development of mechanisms both to support junior doctors and to ensure that adverse incidents are dealt with using modern risk management techniques to minimise the risk of recurrence.
Systemic lactose intolerance: a new perspective on an old problem
Authors: Matthews S B , Waud J P , Roberts A G , Campbell A K 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Intolerance to certain foods can cause a range of gut and systemic symptoms. The possibility that these can be caused by lactose has been missed because of “hidden” lactose added to many foods and drinks inadequately labelled, confusing diagnosis based on dietary removal of dairy foods. Two polymorphisms, C/T13910 and G/A22018, linked to hypolactasia, correlate with breath hydrogen and symptoms after lactose. This, with a 48 hour record of gut and systemic symptoms and a six hour breath hydrogen test, provides a new approach to the clinical management of lactose intolerance. The key is the prolonged effect of dietary removal of lactose. Patients diagnosed as lactose intolerant must be advised of “risk” foods, inadequately labelled, including processed meats, bread, cake mixes, soft drinks, and lagers. This review highlights the wide range of systemic symptoms caused by lactose intolerance. This has important implications for the management of irritable bowel syndrome, and for doctors of many specialties.
THE GLOBALIZATION RORSCHACH TEST: International Economic Integration, Inequality, and the Role of Government
Authors: Brune Nancy , Garrett Geoffrey 
Published: March 2005

▪ Abstract  In this review, we address three principal questions that have dominated the debate over the distributive effects of globalization. First, how has globalization affected inequality among countries? Second, how has globalization affected inequality within countries? Third, how has globalization affected the ability of national governments to redistribute wealth and risk within countries? We conclude that despite the proliferation of research on the consequences of globalization, there is no solid consensus in the relevant literature on any of these questions, largely because scholars disagree about how to measure globalization and about how to draw causal inferences about its effects. We also suggest possible foci for future research.We've seen the result [of globalization]. The spread of sweatshops. The resurgence of child labor, prison and forced labor. Three hundred million more in extreme poverty than 10 years ago. Countries that have lost ground. A boom in busts in which a generation of progress is erased in a month of speculation. Workers everywhere trapped in a competitive race to the bottom.AFL-CIO President John J. Sweeney at the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Convention, April 4, 2000 (see http://www.aflcio.org/mediacenter/ prsptm/sp04042000.cfm for text of this speech)[T]hose who protest free trade are no friends of the poor. Those who protest free trade seek to deny them their best hope for escaping poverty.President George W. Bush (Los Angeles Times, 2001)
An Application of the Variational Method to Computation of Sensible Heat Flux over a Deciduous Forest
Authors: Cao Zuohao , Ma Jianmin 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A variational method is employed to compute surface sensible heat fluxes over a deciduous forest using observed temperature, temperature variance, and wind. Because the variational approach is able to take into account comprehensive observational meteorological conditions over a heterogeneous surface, it is applicable to the computations of sensible heat flux over a forest canopy in which the conventional flux-variance method is difficult to use. Verifications using the direct eddy-correlation measurements over a deciduous forest during the fully leafed summer of 1988 and the leafless winter of 1990 show that the variational method yields very good agreements between the computed and the measured sensible heat fluxes. It is also shown that the variational method is much more accurate than the flux-variance method in computations of sensible heat flux over a forest canopy.
NWCSAF AVHRR Cloud Detection and Analysis Using Dynamic Thresholds and Radiative Transfer Modeling. Part I: Algorithm Description
Authors: Dybbroe Adam , Karlsson Karl-Göran , Thoss Anke 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
New methods and software for cloud detection and classification at high and midlatitudes using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are developed for use in a wide range of meteorological, climatological, land surface, and oceanic applications within the Satellite Application Facilities (SAFs) of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), including the SAF for Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting Applications (NWCSAF) project. The cloud mask employs smoothly varying (dynamic) thresholds that separate fully cloudy or cloud-contaminated fields of view from cloud-free conditions. Thresholds are adapted to the actual state of the atmosphere and surface and the sun–satellite viewing geometry using cloud-free radiative transfer model simulations. Both the cloud masking and the cloud-type classification are done using sequences of grouped threshold tests that employ both spectral and textural features. The cloud-type classification divides the cloudy pixels into 10 different categories: 5 opaque cloud types, 4 semitransparent clouds, and 1 subpixel cloud category. The threshold method is fuzzy in the sense that the distances in feature space to the thresholds are stored and are used to determine whether to stop or to continue testing. They are also used as a quality indicator of the final output. The atmospheric state should preferably be taken from a short-range NWP model, but the algorithms can also run with climatological fields as input.
Validation and Sensitivities of Dynamic Precipitation Simulation for Winter Events over the Folsom Lake Watershed: 1964–99
Authors: Wang Jianzhong , Georgakakos Konstantine P. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A total of 62 winter-storm events in the period 1964–99 over the Folsom Lake watershed located at the windward slope of the Sierra Nevada were simulated with a 9-km resolution using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). Mean areal precipitation (MAP) over the entire watershed and each of four subbasins was estimated based on gridded simulated precipitation. The simulated MAP was verified with MAP estimated (a) by the California Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) for the four subbasins based on eight operational precipitation stations, and (b) for the period from 1980 to 1986, on the basis of a denser precipitation observing network deployed by the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project (SCPP). A number of sensitivity runs were performed to understand the dependence of model precipitation on boundary and initial fields, cold versus warm start, and microphysical parameterization. The principal findings of the validation analysis are that (a) MM5 achieves a good percentage bias score of 103% in simulating Folsom basin MAP when compared to MAP derived from dense precipitation gauge networks; (b) spatial grid resolution higher than 9 km is necessary to reproduce the spatial MAP pattern among subbasins of the Folsom basin; and (c) the model performs better for heavy than for light and moderate precipitation. The analysis also showed significant simulation dependence on the spatial resolution of the boundary and initial fields and on the microphysical scheme used.
Spectral (Bin) Microphysics Coupled with a Mesoscale Model (MM5). Part I: Model Description and First Results
Authors: Lynn Barry H. , Khain Alexander P. , Dudhia Jimy , Rosenfeld Daniel , Pokrovsky Andrei , Seifert Axel 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Considerable research investments have been made to improve the accuracy of forecasting precipitation systems in cloud-resolving, mesoscale atmospheric models. Yet, despite a significant improvement in model grid resolution and a decrease in initial condition uncertainty, the accurate prediction of precipitation amount and distribution still remains a difficult problem. Now, the development of a fast version of spectral (bin) microphysics (SBM Fast) offers significant potential for improving the description of precipitation-forming processes in mesoscale atmospheric models.
The SBM Fast is based on solving a system of equations for size distribution functions for water drops and three types of ice crystals (plates, columns, and dendrites), as well as snowflakes, graupel, and hail/frozen drops. Ice processes are represented by three size distributions, instead of six in the original SBM code. The SBM uses first principles to simulate microphysical processes such as diffusional growth and collision. A budget for aerosols is used to obtain the spectrum of condensation nuclei, which is used to obtain the initial drop spectrum. Hence, SBM allows one to take into account aerosol effects on precipitation, and corresponding cloud effects on the atmospheric aerosol concentration and distribution. SBM Fast has been coupled with the three-dimensional fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which allows SBM Fast to simulate microphysics within a realistic, time-varying mesoscale environment.
This paper describes the first three-dimensional SBM mesoscale model and presents results using 1-km resolution to simulate initial development of a cloud system over Florida on 27 July 1991. The focus is on initial cloud development along the west coast, just prior to sea-breeze formation. The results indicate that the aerosol concentration had a very important impact on cloud dynamics, microphysics, and rainfall.
Vertical cross sections of clouds obtained using SBM Fast are compared to those from a version of the “Reisner2” bulk-parameterization scheme that uses the Kessler autoconversion formula. The results show that this version of “Reisner2” produced vertically upright clouds that progressed very quickly from initial cloud formation to raindrop formation. In contrast, clouds obtained using SBM were relatively long lasting with greater production of stratiform clouds.
Organization of Oceanic Convection during the Onset of the 1998 East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Johnson Richard H. , Aves Steven L. , Ciesielski Paul E. , Keenan Thomas D. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The organizational modes of convection over the northern South China Sea (SCS) during the onset of the summer monsoon are documented using radar and sounding data from the May–June 1998 South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX). The onset occurred in mid-May with a rapid increase in deep convection over a 10-day period, accompanied by a major shift in the circulation over the east Asian region.
Analysis of Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (BMRC) radar data from Dongsha Island reveals a wide range of organizational modes of convection over the northern SCS. Proximity sounding data indicate that lower- and middle-level vertical wind shears exerted a dominant control over the orientation of convective lines within mesoscale convective systems in this region, as has been found in the Australian monsoon region and the equatorial western Pacific. The results are consistent with the conceptual model of LeMone et al. based on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE), except two new organizational modes have been identified: shear-parallel bands for strong low-level shear and weak midlevel shear when there is weak instability and the air is dry aloft, and shear-parallel bands for strong shears in both layers when the shear vectors are in the same direction. Midlatitude influences, namely, the passage of troughs over southern China, likely contributed to these two additional modes.
The stratiform rain fraction from the convective systems during the monsoon onset period was relatively small (26%) compared to the estimated average of about 40% for the entire Tropics. This small fraction is attributed to the weak instability during the onset period and relatively dry air in the upper troposphere.
Ozone Measurements from Eyewall Transects of Two Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Carsey Thomas P. , Willoughby Hugh E. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Measurements of ozone (O3) concentrations obtained during aircraft eyewall crossings of Tropical Cyclones Floyd (September 1999) and Georges (September 1998) by NOAA P-3 hurricane research aircraft showed marked changes between the intensifying and weakening stages of the storms’ life cycles. Renewed deepening appeared to be underway near landfall of both storms. During intensification, ozone levels indicated that air either descended from an altitude &lt;1 km above flight level or was strongly diluted with low-O3 eyewall air. During weakening, ozone concentrations were low throughout the eye and eyewall, consistent with the eye’s being filled with boundary layer air.
Buoyancy of Convective Vertical Motions in the Inner Core of Intense Hurricanes. Part II: Case Studies
Authors: Eastin Matthew D. , Gray William M. , Black Peter G. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This is the second of two papers on the buoyancy of convective vertical motions in the inner core of intense hurricanes. This paper uses extensive airborne radar, dropwindsonde, and flight-level observations in Hurricanes Guillermo (1997) and Georges (1998) to illustrate typical azimuthal distribution of buoyant convection and demonstrate that the low-level eye can be an important source region for buoyant eyewall convection.
In both hurricanes, eyewall vertical velocity and radar reflectivity are asymmetric and exhibit persistent relationships with the direction of the environmental vertical wind shear. Mesoscale vertical motions exhibit a wavenumber-1 structure with maximum ascent downshear and weak descent upshear. The mesoscale reflectivity maxima are located left-of-shear. Buoyant eyewall updraft cores and transient convective-scale reflectivity cells are predominantly downshear and left-of-shear. Most eyewall downdraft cores that transport significant mass downward are located upshear. Negative buoyancy was most common in left-of-shear downdrafts, with positive buoyancy dominant in upshear downdrafts. Inward-spiraling rainbands located outside the eyewall exhibit upband/downband asymmetries. Upband segments contain more convective reflectivity cells and buoyant updraft cores than the more stratiform downband segments. Equal numbers of downdraft cores are found upband and downband, but the majority exhibit negative buoyancy.
Several buoyant updraft cores encountered in the midlevel eyewall exhibit equivalent potential temperatures (θe) much higher than the θe observed in the low-level eyewall, but equivalent to the θe observed in the low-level eye. Asymmetric low-wavenumber circulations appear responsible for exporting the high-θe eye air into the relatively low-θe eyewall and generating the locally buoyant updraft cores.
Implications of these results upon conceptual models of hurricane structure are discussed. Three mechanisms, whereby an ensemble of asymmetric buoyant convection could contribute to hurricane evolution, are also discussed.
Low-Frequency Atmospheric Acoustic Energy Associated with Vortices Produced by Thunderstorms
Authors: Bedard A. J. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
An infrasonic observatory collocated with the Colorado State University CHILL radar during the summer of 1995 permitted unique comparisons between severe storm kinematics and detected acoustic energy at subaudible frequencies near 1 Hz. Radar observations of a velocity couplet aloft (evolving into a tornado) showed a circulation maximum descending for about 30 min while moving to the east. The detected infrasound followed the trend of these observations. A model of sound radiated from vortex systems predicts frequencies in the range observed. These data are interpreted in the context of past infrasonic observations. An ongoing study comparing regional tornado and funnel sightings with archived infrasonic data has identified over 100 cases to date where the infrasonic signals occurred at the time of, and from the direction of, the vortices. For some of these cases, the distances were greater than 100 km. The author and his associates continue to collect datasets to permit further evaluation of infrasonic detection methods.
Emergent autoimmunity in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Tivol Elizabeth , Komorowski Richard , Drobyski William R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDonor T-cell recognition of host alloantigens presented by host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is necessary for the induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but whether direct alloreactivity is sufficient for the propagation of GVHD is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that GVHD cannot be effectively propagated through the direct pathway of allorecognition. Rather, donor T-cell recognition of antigens through the indirect pathway is necessary for the perpetuation of GVHD. Furthermore, GVHD results in the breaking of self tolerance, resulting in the emergence of donor T cells that can cause autoimmune disease in syngeneic recipients. Notably, GVHD-induced autoreactivity is donor APC dependent, transferable into secondary hosts, and involves cells of the innate immune system. These results indicate that donor T-cell--mediated pathologic damage during GVHD becomes donor APC dependent and provide a mechanistic explanation for the long-standing observation that GVHD is associated with autoimmune clinical manifestations. (Blood. 2005;105:4885-4891)