bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors may mitigate loss of skeletal muscle mass in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroko , Mandai Shintaro , Shikuma Satomi , Kimura Mai , Toma Hayato , Sakaguchi Yuki , Kimura Moe , Ota Jun , Chiba Yoshihiko , Sakai Keigo , Horiuchi Susumu , Adachi Susumu , Uchida Shinichi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease patients particularly with renal anaemia hyporesponsive to erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) are at a greater risk of having skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss. Hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitor (HIF‐PHI), a novel therapeutic agent for renal anaemia, potentially promotes angiogenesis, muscle repair, and homeostasis. However, effects of HIF‐PHIs on SMM remain unknown.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 292 Japanese adults receiving maintenance haemodialysis at our dialysis centre. The dataset included 11 patients who received daprodustat for 6 months or longer during 1 December 2020 through 30 June 2022. From the previously published pooled cohort, we enrolled 281 participants from 1 August 2018 to 31 July 2019 prior to the approval of HIF‐PHIs for renal anaemia. SMM was assessed using modified creatinine index (mg/kg/day) calculated by age, sex, serum creatinine, and single‐pool Kt/V. Annual changes of SMM [ΔSMM (%)] were analysed with the least squares regression model and mixed‐effects model during 6‐ to 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 63 years [interquartile range (IQR), 54–71 years], and 33% were female. The median ΔSMM levels (IQR) in the least squares regression model were 4.0% (−1.7% to 9.3%) in the HIF‐PHI group, 0.20% (−2.1% to 2.1%) in the no ESA group, and −0.94% (−3.0% to 1.3%) in the high ESA group using darbepoetin equivalent to 20 μg or more per week. Those in the mixed‐effects model were −1.7% (−1.2% to 3.8%), 0.09% (−1.4% to 1.3%), and −0.74% (−2.0% to 0.8%), respectively. The multivariable linear regression models revealed that HIF‐PHI use was associated with greater ΔSMM compared with the high ESA group [coefficient, 3.737; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.216–6.258 in the least squares regression model or coefficient, 1.635; 95% CI, 0.068–3.201 in the mixed‐effects model, respectively].ConclusionsHIF‐PHI use led to greater ΔSMM in maintenance haemodialysis patients. HIF‐PHIs may minimize loss of SMM in patients with end‐stage kidney disease and renal anaemia.
Spatial patterns in occupancy and density of larval lampreys in freshwater habitats restored to a Stage 0 condition
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Clemens Benjamin J. , Helstab Joseph M. , Burns Paul , Blanchard Monica R. , Skalicky Joseph J. , Mayes Christopher , Bodiford Logan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe examined occupancy and density of larval lampreys (Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp.) in two rivers in Oregon (USA) restored to a Stage 0 condition 1–5 years prior, using a multiscale occupancy model and a zero‐inflated Poisson mixture model. We sampled lampreys using backpack electrofishing in randomly distributed, paired, 1‐m2 quadrats and recorded environmental data. Probabilities of occupancy and density were higher when water velocity was low, the substrate was noncompacted, and sediment was dominated by fines (<4 mm). At mean water depth (0.34 m) and velocity (0.09 m/s), estimated densities in occupied quadrats were 4.8 lampreys/m2 (95%: 3.4–6.9) when the substrate was compacted, and fines were not dominant, and 21.1 lampreys/m2 (95%: 17.7–25.3) when the substrate was noncompacted and fines were dominant. Probabilities of detecting occupancy in a 1‐m2 quadrat sampled by backpack electrofishing were 0.76 (95%: 0.64–0.87) when captured after visual observation and 0.80 (95%: 0.71–0.88) with blind sweeps (i.e., constantly moving the net regardless of observation). The probability of capturing a single lamprey in a quadrat sampled by blind sweeps was 0.32 (95%: 0.27–0.37). Sampling in paired 1‐m2 quadrats facilitated concurrent examination of patterns in occupancy and density while accounting for capture probability, which could aid temporal monitoring of restored habitats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document occupancy and estimate densities of larval lampreys in habitats that underwent valley floor restoration to Stage 0. We observed both lamprey genera within 5 years of restoration. Aquatic restoration that increases low‐velocity, noncompacted, fine sediment habitats could benefit lampreys.
Effective Small Organic Molecule as a Defect Passivator for Highly Efficient Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Ying , Li Fuqiang , Yu Zhongkai , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , Oh Chang‐Mok , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Shen Xinyu , Lee Seongbeom , Du Xiangrui , Yang Eunhye , Ahn Yoomi , Hwang In‐Wook , Lee Bo Ram , Park Sung Heum 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of a small organic molecular passivator is proven to be a successful strategy for producing higher‐performing quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The small organic molecule can passivate defects on the grain surround and surface of perovskite crystal structures, preventing nonradiative recombination and charge trapping. In this study, a new small organic additive called 2, 8‐dibromodibenzofuran (diBDF) is reported and examines its effectiveness as a passivating agent in high‐performance green quasi‐2D PeLEDs. The oxygen atom in diBDF, acting as a Lewis base, forms coordination bonds with uncoordinated Pb2+, so enhancing the performance of the device. In addition, the inclusion of diBDF in the quasi‐2D perovskite results in a decrease in the abundance of low‐n phases, hence facilitating efficient carrier mobility. Consequently, PeLED devices with high efficiency are successfully produced, exhibiting an external quantum efficiency of 19.9% at the emission wavelength of 517 nm and a peak current efficiency of 65.0 cd A‐1.
Recent Advances in Pristine Iron Triad Metal–Organic Framework Cathodes for Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chao , Yuan Yuquan , Yue Min , Hu Qiwei , Ren Xianpei , Pan Baocai , Zhang Cheng , Wang Kuaibing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPristine iron triad metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e., Fe‐MOFs, Co‐MOFs, Ni‐MOFs, and heterometallic iron triad MOFs, are utilized as versatile and promising cathodes for alkali metal‐ion batteries, owing to their distinctive structure characteristics, including modifiable and designable composition, multi‐electron redox‐active sites, exceptional porosity, and stable construction facilitating rapid ion diffusion. Notably, pristine iron triad MOFs cathodes have recently achieved significant milestones in electrochemical energy storage due to their exceptional electrochemical properties. Here, the recent advances in pristine iron triad MOFs cathodes for alkali metal‐ion batteries are summarized. The redox reaction mechanisms and essential strategies to boost the electrochemical behaviors in associated electrochemical energy storage devices are also explored. Furthermore, insights into the future prospects related to pristine iron triad MOFs cathodes for lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, and potassium‐ion batteries are also delivered.
Small bowel anastomosis in emergency surgery
Authors: Skovsen Anders Peter , Korgaard Jensen Thomas , Gögenur Ismail , Tolstrup Mai‐Britt 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency laparotomy is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The decision on whether to perform an anastomosis or an enterostomy in emergency small bowel resection is guided by surgeon preference alone, and not evidence based. We examined the risks involved in small bowel resection and anastomosis in emergency surgery.MethodsA retrospective study from 2016 to 2019 in a university hospital in Denmark, including all emergency laparotomies, where small‐bowel resections, ileocecal resections, right hemicolectomies and extended right hemicolectomies where performed. Demographics, operative data, anastomosis or enterostomy, as well as postoperative complications were recorded. Primary outcome was the rate of bowel anastomosis. Secondary outcomes were the anastomotic leak rate, mortality and complication rates.ResultsDuring the 3.5‐year period, 370 patients underwent emergency bowel resection. Of these 313 (84.6%) received an anastomosis and 57 (15.4%) an enterostomy. The 30‐day mortality rate was 12.7% (10.2% in patients with anastomosis and 26.3% in patients with enterostomy). The overall anastomotic leak rate was 1.6%, for small‐bowel to colon 3.0% and for small‐bowel to small‐bowel 0.6%.ConclusionA primary anastomosis is performed in more than eight out of 10 patients in emergency small bowel resections and is associated with a very low rate of anastomotic leak.
Transhiatal bilateral cervical approach for mediastinoscopy‐assisted esophagectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Yue‐quan , Xing Hua‐jie , Teng Fei , Huang Yu , Yao Jian‐kai , Wang Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy (McMIE) procedure has various limitations, including surgical contraindications and a high rate of postoperative pulmonary complications. A novel mediastinoscopic esophagectomy procedure was described in this study by using esophageal invagination and a transhiatal and bilateral cervical approach (EITHBC).MethodsAccording to the mode of operation, a total of 259 patients were divided into two groups, among which 106 underwent EITHBC and 153 underwent McMIE. The number of lymph nodes dissected, intraoperative outcomes, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups of patients.ResultsThe results revealed that the average number of resected lymph node in the EITHBC group was significantly higher in the recL106 and TbL106 stations (recL106: 1.75 vs. 1.51, p = 0.016, TbL106: 1.53 vs. 1.19, p = 0.016) and significantly lower in the 107 stations (1. 74 vs. 2. 07, p < 0.001) than in the McMIE group. The intraoperative blood loss in the EITHBC group was significantly lower than that in the McMIE group (63.30 vs. 80.45 mL, p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the EITHBC group was lower than that in the McMIE group (14.15% vs. 27.45%, p = 0.008). The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in the EITHBC group was significantly higher than that in the McMIE group (26.41% vs. 10.46%, p = 0.003).ConclusionCompared with the McMIE procedure, the EITHBC procedure has advantages in terms of removing the upper mediastinal lymph nodes and reducing postoperative pulmonary complications.
Sediment yield assessment and suggesting mitigation measures—A case study of Deme watershed, Omo‐Gibe Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuria Eyasu Tafese , Derib Sisay Demeku , Melesse Eyosias Agalu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoil erosion is a big challenge of natural resource development in Ethiopia due to the high expansion of agricultural activity and poor land‐use management. Deme watershed is one of the watersheds found in the Omo‐Gibe Basin, Ethiopia with soil erosion problems. It covers 1284.4 km2. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) integrated with ArcGIS was used to assess the sediment yield of the Deme watershed and develop mitigation measures for soil erosion. The purpose of this study was to assess the sediment yield and provide mitigation measures for the Deme watershed. Ground Control Point (GCP) data collection and field observation were conducted for land‐use land cover classification. The performance of the model was evaluated by coefficient of determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). SWAT adequately reproduced the observed daily flows and sediment loads temporal evolution with R2 and NSE ≥ .7 and PBIAS < 15% both for the calibration and validation periods. The sediment‐rating curve measured an annual average suspended sediment yield of 12.79 tons per hectare per year, whereas the SWAT model predicted an annual average sediment yield of 14.35 tons per hectare per year. The spatial distribution map of sediment showed that 9 out of 17 sub‐watersheds generate a higher amount of sediment yield (15.1–45 tons/h/year) and are found to be erosion‐prone areas. For proper management of watershed terracing, filter strips, contouring, and reforestation scenarios were developed. Each scenario reduces the sediment yield by 74.29%, 58.34%, 47.78%, and 69.76%, respectively. The proper combination of these scenarios resulted in a 90% reduction in sediment yield. Policymakers and land‐use planners of different organization will benefit from this research by implementing soil and water conservation mechanisms and practices that strengthen and mitigate the natural systems of Deme watershed.
Phenomenological profile of scotogenic fermionic dark matter
Authors: Karan Anirban , Sadhukhan Soumya , Valle José W. F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the possibility that neutrino masses arise from the exchange of dark matter states. We examine in detail the phenomenology of fermionic dark matter in the singlet-triplet scotogenic model. We explore the case of singlet-like fermionic dark matter, taking into account all coannihilation effects relevant for determining its relic abundance, such as fermion-fermion and scalar-fermion coannihilation. Although this in principle allows for dark matter below 60 GeV, the latter is in conflict with charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV) and/or collider physics constraints. We examine the prospects for direct dark matter detection in upcoming experiments up to 10 TeV. Fermion-scalar coannihilation is needed to obtain viable fermionic dark matter in the 60-100 GeV mass range. Fermion-fermion and fermion-scalar coannihilation play complementary roles in different parameter regions above 100 GeV.
Broken (super) conformal Ward identities at finite temperature
Authors: Marchetto Enrico , Miscioscia Alessio , Pomoni Elli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When a (super) conformal field theory is placed on a non-trivial manifold, the (super) conformal symmetry is broken. However, it is still possible to derive broken Ward identities for these broken symmetries, which provide additional constraints on the theory. We derive and apply the broken Ward identities associated with the (super) conformal group on the thermal manifold $$ {\mathcal{M}}_{\beta }={S}_{\beta}^1\times {\mathbb{R}}^{d-1} $$

M
β

=

S
β
1

×

ℝ

d
−
1

and $$ \mathcal{M}={T}^2\times {\mathbb{R}}^{d-2} $$
M
=

T
2

×

ℝ

d
−
2

. The novel constraints not only systematically reproduce known results, including an implicit formulation of the generalized Cardy formula, but also elegantly relate the thermal energy spectrum with the conformal spectrum.
Die Auswirkungen von Primärdatenqualität und -interoperabilität auf Analysen von Real-World-Daten
Authors: Weber Stefanie 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungReal-World-Daten rücken im Rahmen der Digitalisierung immer mehr in den Fokus der Versorgungsforschung. Die zeitnahe Verfügbarkeit von großen Datenmengen lässt hoffen, dass Forschungsfragen ohne zusätzliche Datenerhebung schnell beantwortet und ein direkter Nutzen für die Versorgung von Menschen erreicht werden kann. Gerade in akuten Versorgungslagen, wie Hitzewellen oder einer Pandemie, kann dies entscheidend sein. Doch hängen die Real-World-Daten ganz maßgeblich von der Qualität und Intention der Datenerhebung ab. Sie werden auch durch Festlegungen auf semantische und syntaktische Standards beeinflusst, die für Primärdaten getroffen werden – oft mit heterogenen Zielsetzungen. Im Rahmen der verschiedenen Initiativen auf nationaler wie auf internationaler Ebene sollten deshalb ein holistischer Blick auf Datenerhebung und Auswertung und ein regelhafter Rückkopplungsmechanismus zwischen Datenauswertung und Festlegungen für die Erhebung angestrebt werden. Durch eine Einbeziehung von Anforderungen an die sekundäre Datenauswertung in die Festlegungsprozesse für die Datenerhebung kann die Aussagekraft der Daten für die Forschung langfristig erhöht werden.In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag werden zunächst die Aktivitäten zur standardisierten Datenerfassung im Rahmen der Digitalisierungsinitiativen und die entsprechenden europäischen Ansätze dargestellt. Anhand der Auswirkungen dieser Aktivitäten auf Möglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten der Datenzusammenführung für Analysen von Real-World-Daten wird schließlich im Beitrag für einen anhaltenden Diskurs zwischen den verschiedenen Bereichen geworben.
Current models in bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene regulation
Authors: Novak Jessica K. , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The discovery and characterization of bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes is a fundamental component of biotechnology innovation, particularly for renewable fuels and chemicals; however, these studies have increasingly transitioned to exploring the complex regulation required for recalcitrant polysaccharide utilization. This pivot is largely due to the current need to engineer and optimize enzymes for maximal degradation in industrial or biomedical applications. Given the structural simplicity of a single cellulose polymer, and the relatively few enzyme classes required for complete bioconversion, the regulation of cellulases in bacteria has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. However, the diversity of hemicelluloses found in plant biomass and the multitude of carbohydrate-active enzymes required for their deconstruction has resulted in a less comprehensive understanding of bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene regulation. Here we review the mechanisms of this process and common themes found in the transcriptomic response during plant biomass utilization. By comparing regulatory systems from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as drawing parallels to cellulase regulation, our goals are to highlight the shared and distinct features of bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene regulation and provide a set of guiding questions to improve our understanding of bacterial lignocellulose utilization.

Key points
• Canonical regulatory mechanisms for bacterial hemicellulase-encoding gene expression include hybrid two-component systems (HTCS), extracytoplasmic function (ECF)-σ/anti-σ systems, and carbon catabolite repression (CCR).
• Current transcriptomic approaches are increasingly being used to identify hemicellulase-encoding gene regulatory patterns coupled with computational predictions for transcriptional regulators.
• Future work should emphasize genetic approaches to improve systems biology tools available for model bacterial systems and emerging microbes with biotechnology potential. Specifically, optimization of Gram-positive systems will require integration of degradative and fermentative capabilities, while optimization of Gram-negative systems will require bolstering the potency of lignocellulolytic capabilities.
Inhibition of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) decreased the malignant progression of lung cancer cells and increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy
Authors: Huo Hongjie , Feng Yu , Tang Qiong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to study the effect of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on the proliferation, invasion, and clone formation of lung cancer cells. It also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of melittin on PAR2 and the anti-lung cancer effect of melittin combined with gefitinib.

Methods
The correlation between the co-expression of PAR2 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was analyzed. PAR2 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells was knocked down using siRNA. MTT assay, Transwell assay, and colony formation assay were used to detect the effects of PAR2 on cell proliferation, invasion, and clone formation. The anti-cancer effect of PAR2 knockdown on gefitinib treatment was analyzed. The synergistic effect of melittin on gefitinib treatment by inhibiting PAR2 and the underlying molecular mechanism were further analyzed and tested.

Results
The expression of PAR2 was upregulated in lung cancer, which was associated with the poor prognosis of lung cancer. PAR2 knockdown inhibited the stemness and EMT of lung cancer cells. It also inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Moreover, PAR2 knockdown increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gefitinib in lung cancer. Melittin inhibited PAR2 and the malignant progression of lung cancer cells. Melittin increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gefitinib in lung cancer by inhibiting PAR2.

Conclusion
PAR2 may promote the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of lung cancer cells by promoting EMT. Patients with a high expression of PAR2 have a poor prognosis. Inhibition of PAR2 increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gefitinib. PAR2 may be a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker for lung cancer.
Extramedullary versus intramedullary fixation of unstable trochanteric femoral fractures (AO type 31-A2): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeelenberg Miliaan L. , Plaisier A. Cornelis , Nugteren Leendert H. T. , Loggers Sverre A. I. , Joosse Pieter , Verhofstad Michiel H. J. , Den Hartog Dennis , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. ,   STABLE-HIP Study Group, Gosens Taco , Hegeman Johannes H. , Polinder Suzanne , Poolman Rudolf W. , Willems Hanna C. , Zuurmond Rutger G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to compare extramedullary fixation and intramedullary fixation for AO type 31-A2 trochanteric fractures in the elderly, with regard to functional outcomes, complications, surgical outcomes, and costs.

Methods
Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Effect estimates were pooled across studies using random effects models. Results are presented as weighted risk ratio (RR) or weighted mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results
Fourteen RCTs (2039 patients) and 13 observational studies (22,123 patients) were included. Statistically superior results in favor of intramedullary fixation were found for Harris Hip Score (MD 4.09, 95% CI 0.91–7.26, p = 0.04), Parker mobility score (MD − 0.67 95% CI − 1.2 to − 0.17, p = 0.009), lower extremity measure (MD − 4.07 95% CI − 7.4 to − 0.8, p = 0.02), time to full weight bearing (MD 1.14 weeks CI 0.92–1.35, p < 0.001), superficial infection (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.18–3.58, p = 0.01), nonunion (RR 3.67, 95% CI 1.03–13.10, p = 0.05), fixation failure (RR 2.26, 95% CI 1.16–4.44, p = 0.02), leg shortening (MD 2.23 mm, 95% CI 0.81–3.65, p = 0.002), time to radiological bone healing (MD 2.19 months, 95% CI 0.56–3.83, p = 0.009), surgery duration (MD 11.63 min, 95% CI 2.63–20.62, p = 0.01), operative blood loss (MD 134.5 mL, 95% CI 51–218, p = 0.002), and tip-apex distance > 25 mm (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10–2.74, p = 0.02). No comparable cost/costs-effectiveness data were available.

Conclusion
Current literature shows that several functional outcomes, complications, and surgical outcomes were statistically in favor of intramedullary fixation when compared with extramedullary fixation of AO/OTA 31-A2 fractures. However, as several of the differences found appear not to be clinically relevant and for many outcomes data remains sparse or heterogeneous, complete superiority of IM fixation for AO type 31-A2 fractures remains to be confirmed in a detailed cost-effectiveness analysis.