bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of reproductive cycles and adrenal activity in the black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) by fecal hormone analysis
Authors: Young K.M. , Brown J.L. , Goodrowe K.L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe reproductive cycle of the black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) was characterized by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analysis of ovarian fecal steroids (estradiol, progestins) in 29 females over two consecutive breeding seasons. Estrous status was determined by measuring the vulva size and examining the percentage of superficial cells in vaginal lavages. Mean fecal estradiol concentrations were correlated with vulval area (r = 0.370, P < 0.0001) and the percentage of superficial cells (r = 0.380, P < 0.0001). Ovulation resulted in a rise in fecal progestin concentrations 5 days after breeding that differed (P < 0.05) between pregnant (n = 14) and pseudopregnant (n = 12) females during the late luteal phase (days 12–40), with concentrations remaining higher in pregnant animals. Gestation length was 41.3 ± 0.7 days with 3.6 ± 0.4 kits produced per female. Litter size correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with fecal estradiol, but not progestins during the 12 to 40 days after breeding. Females failing to breed (n = 3) remained in estrus for 31 ± 6.2 days before ovulation induction with human chorionic gonadotropin. Adrenal activity in male (n = 4) and female (n = 6) black‐footed ferrets was monitored by quantifying fecal corticoid metabolites after a series of manipulations (physical restraint, intramuscular saline, intramuscular gel adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), intramuscular liquid ACTH). A significant (P < 0.0001) increase in fecal corticoids above the pre‐treatment baseline occurred 20 to 44 hours after restraint (five of 10 animals), saline (six of nine), gel ACTH (seven of 10), and liquid ACTH (nine of 10) treatments. Immunoreactivity of high‐performance liquid chromatography–separated fecal elutes was compared using antibodies against cortisol and corticosterone. The cortisol EIA demonstrated immunoreactivity that co‐eluted with 3H‐cortisol, whereas a corticosterone radioimmunoassay detected a metabolite peak that co‐eluted with 3H‐corticosterone in addition to a slightly less polar and one considerably more polar peak. Despite recognizing different metabolites, both assays produced similar temporal profiles of corticoid excretion after manipulation. This study provides new information on the black‐footed ferret regarding differences in fecal steroid excretion patterns between pregnancy and pseudopregnancy and the potential application of fecal corticoid metabolite monitoring for evaluating responses to stressors associated with practices used in breeding management. Zoo Biol 20:517–536, 2001. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical modification on lignocellulosic polymeric oil palm empty fruit bunch for advanced material
Authors: Zakaria Sarani , Hamzah Hazira , Murshidi Julie Andrianny , Deraman Mohamad 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOil palm fiber empty fruit bunch (EFB) was chemically treated with benzyl chloride (bz‐efb) and ethylene oxide (E‐efb) at different reaction temperatures (100 and 110°C for bz‐efb; 55, 85, and 92°C for E‐efb). The SEM micrographs of bz‐efb and E‐efb samples showed tremendous changes in morphological structure such as plastic properties as the reaction temperature was increased. The crystallinity (by XRD) and Tg of the reacted fibers were found to decrease as the reaction temperature increased. The FT‐IR of the reacted samples show that the chemical reactions have taken place between cellulose hydroxyl groups and bz‐efb and E‐efb, respectively. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 289–295, 2001
A comparison of anthropometric indices of nutritional status in Tukanoan and Achuar Amerindians
Authors: Orr Caley M. , Dufour Darna L. , Patton John Q. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAnthropometric data from a Tukanoan population in the Vaupes region of Colombia and an Achuar population in the Ecuadorian Amazon were compared relative to international references. The Tukanoans exploit an oligotrophic blackwater ecosystem, whereas the Achuar inhabit a resource rich montane ecosystem. Given this ecological distinction, three hypotheses regarding nutritional statuses were proposed: (1) Tukanoans are significantly shorter than the Achuar, indicating a greater degree of stunting; (2) Tukanoans are significantly leaner, indicating a greater degree of wasting; and (3) Tukanaons have significantly lower upper arm muscle area, indicating lower lean body mass. Z‐scores for height, weight‐for‐height, and estimated upper arm muscle area were determined and significant nutritional stress was assumed at z ≤ −2.0. Between population differences in z‐scores for height‐for‐age (ZHT), weight‐for‐height (ZWH), and upper arm muscle area (ZUMA) were examined using analysis of variance with a subsequent Scheffe's test. Between‐group differences in the frequencies of individuals with low z‐scores (z ≤ −2.0) were assessed via chi‐squared analysis. Both populations showed stunting in most age groups, but neither showed low ZWH or ZUMA. Significant differences between populations were found only for ZHT in children (females 1.0–4.9 and 5.0–9.9 years, and males 5.0–9.9 years). Tukanoans have significantly higher frequencies of stunting in all age‐sex groups except females and males age 30–49.9 years. There were no significant between‐population differences in the frequencies of individuals with low ZWH or ZUMA. These differences in nutritional status may reflect differences in resource availability. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:301–309, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of adult stature for Japanese population: A stepwise regression approach
Authors: Ayub Ali MD. , Ohtsuki Fumio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe longitudinal growth in stature for 509 males and 311 females was characterized from early childhood to adulthood. A triphasic generalized logistic (BTT) model (Bock et al. [1994] Chicago: SSI) was used through the AUXAL software program. Growth parameters were derived from the estimated distance and velocity curves for each individual. A set of estimated growth parameters, including adult stature, was selected to develop equations, through the forward stepwise regression method, for the prediction of adult stature for Japanese boys and girls. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:316–322, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth of children in two economically diverse Peruvian high‐altitude communities
Authors: Pawson Ivan G. , Huicho Luis , Muro Manuel , Pacheco Alberto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe growth of children living in two high‐altitude communities associated with an active copper mine in southern Peru was examined. In the community directly associated with mining operations, nutritional and health conditions were believed to be relatively favorable as a result of the substantial mine‐related infrastructure that had developed over the previous 12 years. In contrast, few such benefits were available in the other community, which provides limited part‐time labor at the mine. Anthropometric data, including measurements of height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, upper arm circumference, and chest dimensions, and determination of bone age, were collected from a total of 880 children between the ages of 4 and 18 years. There were significant differences between the two communities, with those in the mining community exhibiting significantly greater height and weight, a higher level of body fat, and more rapid skeletal development. Among children over the age of 12 years, a plateau in height was seen, suggesting that the benefits to growth resulting from mining‐related development were more noticeable in younger children. Compared with Peruvian high‐altitude populations examined during the 1960s, both samples from the present study were substantially taller and heavier, suggesting that despite local differences in socioeconomic conditions between the communities studied, overall conditions for growth are generally more favorable than those that existed among Peruvian high‐altitude populations surveyed in the 1960s. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:323–340, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation in sexual dimorphism in relation to physical activity
Authors: Buffa Roberto , Marini Elisabetta , Floris Giovanni 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine variations in sexual dimorphism in relation to physical activity. A sample of 542 males and females (20–30 years), born and resident in Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), was divided into two groups: active and inactive. Twenty‐five anthropometric dimensions were taken (weight, lengths, breadths, circumferences, and skinfolds). The circumferences and skinfolds were adjusted for the effects of overall body size (represented by skeletal variables). Body composition parameters—fat‐free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and arm muscular area (AMA)—were derived from the adjusted values. The D index (Bennett, 1981; Chakraborty and Majumder, 1982) was used to assess the degree of sexual dimorphism. The difference between the D values of active and inactive individuals was analyzed with the technique of Bennett (1981). Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on groups of homogeneous variables (circumferences and skinfolds) in order to simplify the description of the original anthropometric data. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicate a greater sex difference in the group of individuals who are regularly active. The results agree with theoretical expectations, and suggest greater stability of women to environmental pressures (i.e., physical activity). Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:341–348, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois‐Rivières Study
Authors: Trudeau François , Shephard Roy J. , Arsenault François , Laurencelle Louis 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study explored tracking of the body mass index (BMI) in a representative subgroup of subjects (95 women and 96 men) who were involved in the Trois‐Rivières Growth and Development Study by testing autocorrelations between data for 10, 11, and 12 years and corresponding values at 34 years of age. Tracking of skinfold measurements (subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal, and their sum) over the same intervals (60 women and 52 men) was also evaluated. After the age of 12 years, subjects showed a similar development of absolute values, whether they were from the experimental or the control group. Gains of the BMI and skinfold thicknesses showed expected gender differences. In particular, men showed larger gains of the BMI and abdominal skinfolds, whereas women had larger gains in the triceps skinfold. Increases in the sum of four skinfolds did not differ significantly between men and women, suggesting that the larger BMI gains in men were caused by a larger relative increase of fat‐free mass in the men. Tracking coefficients for the BMI were lower in men than in women between 10, 11, 12, and 34 years (r = 0.43–0.49 vs. r = 0.64–0.70, P < 0.001). The results indicate that the body composition of participants in the Trois‐Rivières Growth and Development study developed in a similar fashion whether or not their primary school instruction included additional physical education instruction. The results also suggest that prediction of adult obesity based on childhood BMI measurements is more effective in girls than in boys. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:349–355, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence on major gene control of cortical index in pedigree data from Middle Dalmatia, Croatia
Authors: Ginsburg Emil , Škarić‐Jurić Tatjana , Kobyliansky Eugene , Malkin Ida , Rudan Pavao 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt was recently reported that the inheritance of the metacarpal cortical index (CI) in the Chuvashian population can be described in terms of a major gene (MG) model. By applying transmission probability tests, the hypothesis was accepted that not only baseline level of CI but also its sex‐specific dependence on age were under control of the same putative large‐effect gene. Using a pedigree sample from the population of the islands of Middle Dalmatia, Croatia (847 observed individuals in 278 pedigrees), data are presented to support the above findings. The following hypotheses were accepted: (i) inheritance of baseline CI in the Croatian population can be attributed to the effect of a MG responsible for about 42% of the variation; (ii) the same MG takes part in the control of the dependence of CI on age, particularly the age at onset of involutive bone changes (inflection point), and of the rate of decrease in CI with age (slope coefficient). Issues related to the assortative mating effect on CI and the determination of the most parsimonious model are discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:398–408, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth weight and parental PGM1 alleles
Authors: Gloria‐Bottini F. , Lucarini N. , La Torre M. , Lucarelli P. , Bottini E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA deviation of the maternal–neonatal joint phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1) distribution from Hardy–Weinberg expectation has been reported. It was suggested that selection on PGM1 during intrauterine life might account for these deviations and that maternal and paternal PGM1 alleles might have different associations with intrauterine survival. This study considered possible associations between the joint mother–newborn PGM1 genotype and intrauterine growth. There was a significant association between birth weight percentile class and mother–newborn PGM1 genotype in infant females. Also, the paternal PGM1*2 allele was associated negatively with macrosomia, and this effect was significant only in female infants. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:417–420, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscularity in adult humans: Proportion of adipose tissue‐free body mass as skeletal muscle
Authors: Wang Zimian , Heo Moonseong , Lee Robert C. , Kotler Donald P. , Withers Robert T. , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMuscularity, or the proportion of adipose tissue‐free body mass (ATFM) as skeletal muscle (SM), provides valuable body composition information, especially for age‐related SM loss (i.e., sarcopenia). Limited data from elderly cadavers suggest a relatively constant SM/ATFM ratio, 0.540 ± 0.046 for men (mean ± SD, n = 6) and 0.489 ± 0.049 for women (n = 7). The aim of the present study was to examine the magnitude and constancy of the SM/ATFM ratio in healthy adults. Whole‐body SM and ATFM were measured using multi‐scan magnetic resonance imaging. The SM/ATFM ratio was 0.528 ± 0.036 for men (n = 139) and 0.473 ± 0.037 for women (n = 165). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the SM/ATFM ratio was significantly influenced by sex, age, body weight, and race. The four factors explained 50% of the observed between individual variation in the SM/ATFM ratio. After adjusting for age, body weight, and race, men had a larger SM/ATFM ratio than women. Both older men and women had a lower SM/ATFM ratio than younger subjects, although the relative reduction was greater in men. After adjustment for sex, age, and body weight, there were no significant differences in the SM/ATFM ratios between Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic subjects. In contrast, African‐American subjects had a significantly greater SM/ATFM ratio than subjects in the other three groups. In addition, the SM/ATFM ratio was significantly lower in AIDS patients than corresponding values in healthy subjects. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:612–619, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tibetan protection from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and reproductive loss at high altitude
Authors: Moore Lorna G. , Young David , McCullough Robert E. , Droma Tarshi , Zamudio Stacy 
Published: November 2004

AbstractChronic hypoxia at high altitude restricts fetal growth, reducing birth weight and increasing infant mortality. We asked whether Tibetans, a long‐resident high‐altitude population, exhibit less altitude‐associated intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and prenatal or postnatal reproductive loss than Han (ethnic Chinese), a group that has lived there for a shorter period of time. A population sample was obtained, comprising 485 deliveries to Tibetan or Han women over an 18‐month period at 8 general hospitals or clinics located at 2,700–4,700 m in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Birth weight, gestational age, and other information were recorded for each delivery. Prenatal and postnatal mortality were calculated using information obtained from all pregnancies or babies born to study participants. Tibetan babies weighed more than the Han, averaging 310 g heavier at altitudes 2,700–3,000 m (95% CI = 126, 494 g; P < 0.01) and 530 g heavier at 3,000–3,800 m (210, 750 g; P < 0.01). More Han than Tibetan babies were born prematurely. Prenatal and postnatal mortality rose with increasing elevation and were 3‐fold higher across all altitudes in the Han than the Tibetans (P < 0.05). Tibetans experience less altitude‐associated IUGR than Han and have lower levels of prenatal and postnatal mortality. When the relationships between birth weight and altitude are compared among these and other high‐altitude populations, those living at high altitude the longest have the least altitude‐associated IUGR. This may suggest the occurrence of an evolutionary adaptation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:635–644, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intergenerational correlation of effective family size in early Québec (Canada)
Authors: Gagnon Alain , Heyer Evelyne 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe use of a comprehensive demographic database of the early French Canadian population (1608–1800) reveals an almost null impact of parents' fertility on children's fertility (r ≃ 0.01–0.05), which contradicts the commonly held view that family size has a tendency to run in families. However, in this population, there is a clear transmission from one generation to the next of the effective family size within a given geographical area (EFS, defined as the number of children that settle per settled individual). Three types of correlations between EFS of parents and children are presented in order to account for the impact of socio‐demographic differentials. Individuals who belong to a large sibship and who settled in a given subdivision tend to encourage the settlement of a high number of their own children in the same subdivision (r ≃ 0.1–0.3). An additional correlation was introduced to see if geographically‐based differentials of EFS can account for the differential of founders' regional genetic contribution. The analysis shows that EFS correlation has a definite impact on the concentration of a population's gene pool (it increases it by ≃20%–45%), and partly accounts for the differences between subdivisions in this regard. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:645–659, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body mass index growth in a sample of U.S. children: Repeated measures data analysis of the minneapolis children's blood pressure study
Authors: Hlaing Wayway M. , Prineas Ronald J. , Zhu Yiliang , Leaverton Paul E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLongitudinal assessments of the body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents are limited. The purpose of the study was to describe the growth patterns of the BMI in children and young adults. Black and White children of Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study (MCBPS) were 6 to 9 years old at entry and were followed for 12 years at 19 separate visits. Those with at least five visits (n = 1,302) were included for analysis, using non‐linear mixed effects models in conjunction with the Gompertz curve. The growth patterns of four sex‐ethnic groups were different at three levels: starting level (SL) (kg/m2), asymptote level (AL) (kg/m2), and peak growth age (PGA) (in years). In this context, SL is the average BMI level at age 6, AL is the average BMI level when growth diminishes, and PGA is the average age at which the rate of growth in the BMI peaks. The SL (16.3 ± 0.1) for White males was significantly greater than SL in the other three sex‐ethnic groups, among which there were no significant differences. There was a significant ethnic difference in AL between Black females (25.5 ± 0.3) and White females (24.4 ± 0.2) and a marginally significant difference in AL between Black females and Black males (24.4 ± 0.3). For PGA, only sex differences were significant: Black females reached the peak at the earliest age at (11.5 ± 0.1) years, followed by White females (11.7 ± 0.1), Black males (12.6 ± 0.1), and White males (12.8 ± 0.1). Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:821–831, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of N‐acetylaspartate in the human brain: Impact on neurospectroscopy?
Authors: Martin Ernst , Capone Andrea , Schneider Jacques , Hennig Juergen , Thiel Thorsten 
Published: November 2004

AbstractN‐acetylaspartate (NAA) contributes to the most prominent signal in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) of the adult human brain. We report the absence of NAA in the brain of a 3‐year‐old child with neurodevelopmental retardation and moderately delayed myelination. Since normal concentration of NAA in body fluids is hardly detectable, 1H‐MRS is a noninvasive technique for identifying neurometabolic diseases with absent NAA. This report puts NAA as a neuronal marker to question. Ann Neurol 2001;49:518–521
Subthalamic infusion of an NMDA antagonist prevents basal ganglia metabolic changes and nigral degeneration in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Blandini Fabio , Nappi Giuseppe , Greenamyre J. Timothy 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing permanent cannulas connected to subcutaneous pumps, we infused selective glutamate antagonists into the subthalamic nucleus of rats. Pumps were implanted immediately after the intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine and delivered micro‐quantities of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate antagonist MK‐801 or the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole antagonist NBQX for 4 weeks. Subthalamic infusion of MK‐801, but not of NBQX, prevented the basal ganglia metabolic changes and motor abnormalities caused by nigrostriatal lesion. Animals treated with MK‐801 also exhibited marked reduction of nigral cell loss. We conclude that pharmacological modulation of subthalamic activity may have both symptomatic and neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2001;49:525–529
Germline mutations in the CCM1 gene, encoding Krit1, cause cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Lucas Miguel , Costa Alzenira F. , Montori Mariano , Solano Francisca , Zayas María D. , Izquierdo Guillermo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMutations in the Krit1 gene have been recently discovered as the cause of hereditary cerebral cavernous angioma. We sought the possibility that de novo, noninherited mutations of Krit1 also cause cavernous angioma. A patient with two cerebral malformations carries a heterozygous deletion of two base pairs (741delTC) in exon VI of the Krit1 gene. The deletion initiates a frameshift mutation that, 23 amino acids downstream, encodes a TAA stop triplet replacing a CAT triplet of histidine at exon VII (H271X). Magnetic resonance images of the parents were normal, neither parent carries the 741delTC mutation, and both bear the wild‐type sequence of exon VI. These findings document a de novo germline mutation in Krit1 gene that causes cerebral cavernous malformations. Ann Neurol 2001;49:529–532