bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collegiality as institutional work: Collegial meeting practices among Norwegian pastors
Authors: Sirris Stephen , Andersson Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Collegiality is considered a hallmark of professionalism and involves specialization, equality, and leadership based on profession. Traditionally, within a profession, collegiality is treated as given and dealt with intra-professionally. This article, in contrast, studies collegiality as institutional work within the organizational context. We analyse how professionals and managers in a highly professionalized and institutionalized organization perform collegiality as institutional work. Interview and observational data shed light on collegiality in the practices of pastors in the Church of Norway. The findings highlight collegiality as a cultural ideal and a process of work beyond a mere governance structure. Collegial meetings constitute structural work that signals the intersection of conceptual work (theology) and operational work (daily challenges), facilitated by relational work. This article shows how collegiality constitutes institutional work that not only maintains the pastor profession as an institution but also gradually adapts it in response to external demands and strengthened management.
Motivational Interviewing, 2E
Authors: Kelly Thomas M. , Gold Melanie A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
“This medical guide in this second edition weaves a comprehensive, easily accessible, and detailed discussion regarding the motivational interviewing approach and offering practical techniques and tools that can be readily applied in therapeutic encounters with patients in diverse clinical settings and populations. It’s an exceptionally valuable tool for medical trainees and other wide range of health professionals.”
Images of Betelgeuse with VLTI/MATISSE across the Great Dimming
Authors: Drevon J , Millour F , Cruzalèbes P , Paladini C , Scicluna P , Matter A , Chiavassa A , Montargès M , Cannon E , Allouche F , Hofmann K-H , Lagarde S , Lopez B , Meilland A , Petrov R , Robbe-Dubois S , Schertl D , Zins G , Ábrahám P , Berio P , Henning Th , Hron J , Isbell J W , Jaffe W , Labadie L , Varga J , Weigelt G , Woillez J , van Boekel R , Pantin E , Danchi W C , de Koter A , Gámez-Rosas V , Hogerheijde M R , Leftley J , Stee P , Waters R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
From Nov. 2019 to May 2020, the red supergiant star Betelgeuse experienced an unprecedented drop of brightness in the visible domain called the Great Dimming event (GDE). Large atmospheric dust clouds and large photospheric convective features are suspected to be responsible for it. To better understand the dimming event, we used mid-infrared long-baseline spectro-interferometric measurements of Betelgeuse taken with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer/Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment (VLTI/MATISSE) instrument before (Dec. 2018), during (Feb. 2020), and after (Dec. 2020) the GDE. We present data in the 3.98–4.15 µm range to cover SiO spectral features molecules as well as adjacent continuum. We have employed geometrical models, image reconstruction, as well as radiative transfer models to monitor the spatial distribution of SiO over the stellar surface. We find a strongly inhomogeneous spatial distribution of SiO that appears to be looking very different between our observing epochs, indicative of a vigorous activity in the stellar atmosphere. The contrast of our images is small in the pseudo-continuum for all epochs, implying that our MATISSE observations support both cold spot and dust cloud model.
The Divided Movement and a Framework for Peace
Authors: Roach Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the events and developments of Sudan’s second civil war (1983–2005), including the formation of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the South–South war. It shows how tribal factionalism weakened the SPLM and allowed the Government of Sudan to contain the SPLA by supporting southern anti-SPLA forces. It moves on to discuss how international policymakers embraced the Christian versus Islamist clash as the root cause of the war. This, it argues, oversimplified the conflict and, in the end, downplayed the need for morally redressing the effects of war and for promoting accountability. The chapter also analyzes the key issues of Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), including an integrated security force and ongoing border disputes. Finally, it addresses the strategic rationale of powerful states and organizations to bring an end to the war.
Kleptocracy and Its Warring Contents
Authors: Roach Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the heavy reliance on militarism helped expand patronage networks and create even more insecurity and instability in the political system. It argues that such patronage, reflected the emerging link between kleptocracy and the civil war in which the national government and armed factions came to share economic and personal incentives to fight. In this way, the informal economy of armed conflict had become increasingly entwined with the national war economy, as the government used state assets and resources (e.g., oil production) to pay tribal-based militias to fight the opposition. The chapter shall analyze this trend, the dynamics of corruption, the lack of transparency of the oil sector, the leaders’ fateful decision to shut off its oil pipelines, and the impact of targeted sanctions imposed by the United States and the United Nations..
The Revitalized Peace Process and Civil Society’s Challenge
Authors: Roach Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chapter examines the events that led up to the signing of a Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan and the dynamics of the power-sharing agreement, including the role of the South Sudan’s Opposition Alliance (SSPOA). The aim of revitalizing the Agreement of the Resolution on Conflict in South Sudan was to reach a flexible consensus on issues and to address deep-seated misgivings about certain issues, including security and federalism. The underlying challenge, the chapter shows, was to build trust and promote inclusion in order to reach agreement on key items, such as a unified security force, constitutional reform, and democratic elections. Finally, the chapter discusses the lack of inclusion of civil actors, which created growing uncertainty about the elite-driven power-sharing agreement.
Protestant Themes Within Secular Models of Salvation—“Redeemed” or Just “a Bit Happier”? The Example of Crazy Heart
Authors: Marsh Clive 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter exposes some of the conceptual pitfalls that can ensue when commentators synthesize religion and film without due regard for doctrinal, cultural, and narrative specifics. Focusing on a well-received contemporary drama, Crazy Heart, as a case study, the chapter asks why so many viewers see the film as a redemption story and thus credit it with power and insight. From a Protestant perspective, the film models redemption in a very limited way while almost wholly secularizing its Protestant biblical, theological, and moral framework. What project does it serve, what values does it reinforce, to find themes or motifs of salvation in a film like Crazy Heart? In assessing the impulse to label such films as redemption stories, the chapter takes up larger questions about what Protestantism and its beliefs can contribute to the analysis of popular culture.
Words Versus “the Word”: Language and Scripture in Ingmar Bergman’s Films and Writings
Authors: Koskinen Maaret 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maaret Koskinen examines Ingmar Bergman’s trilogy on “God’s silence”—Through a Glass Darkly (1960), The Communicants (U.S. title Winter Light, 1963), and The Silence (1963)— in light of his Lutheran background to demonstrate how each of the three films manifests his notion of aesthetic reduction. The trilogy, she argues, documents Bergman’s endeavor to rid his movies of what she calls “sacred clutter” (religious superstructure, film aesthetics, and language), creating a cinematic opposite to the conventions and traditions of most Hollywood religious films. Koskinen takes hold of a strand in which Bergman’s art and religion meet—namely, the question of faith and doubt, which in various ways turns out to deal with religion, aesthetics, and Protestantism on-screen.
Film Noir, Calvinism, and Self-Surveillance in Paul Schrader’s Hardcore
Authors: Stevens Jason 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Paul Schrader, whose Hardcore (1978) forms the subject of this chapter, is a haunted ex-Calvinist, his movies dealing with transgression, grace, and the costliness of redemption. In Hardcore, Schrader returns to his former Dutch Reformed background through film noir, a genre that he helped to formulate. The classic cycle of noir (1941–1955) featured a menagerie of false prophets in sheep’s clothing, but Schrader was never drawn to film noir because of its fake men of God. Moreover, he has remained too fascinated by Calvinism to simply fault it for hypocrisy and delusion. Revealing instead affinities between film noir and certain emphases of Calvinist theology, the chapter subjects Hardcore’s devoutly Reformed protagonist to a relentlessly probing and fragmenting gaze that holds the character to an accounting of his sins more rigorous than the character’s perception of himself. Hardcore emerges as a Calvinistic anti-Calvinist noir.
The Social Stratification of Latino Ethnicity, Power, and Social Positionality in the United States
Authors: Organista Kurt C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the social stratification of Latino ethnicity, power, and social positionality, with an emphasis on the latter’s central dimension of socioeconomic status and consequent vulnerability to psychosocial and health problems. Enduring patterns of work and income, educational achievement, and political power are addressed, including challenges to meritocracy and human capital theory, constructs frequently used to explain social mobility but only amounting to half-truths in need of more informed understanding. The stratification of the oldest and largest (Mexican, Puerto Rican & Cuban), as well as more recent, smaller, but rapidly growing (Dominican and Central Americans) Latino populations is analyzed in order to establish the context of vulnerability to social problems. Disproportionately high rates of Covid-19 morbidity and mortality is one of the many examples of such vulnerability provided. An overview of the stratification of Latinos in the power elite or the upper echelons of power (political, corporate & military) in American is also provided for a fuller characterization of the stratification of Latinos in America.
Latino Racial/Ethnic Identity Development
Authors: Organista Kurt C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of racial and ethnic identity development with an emphasis on Latinos and non-Latino white counterparts and the respective challenges as racialized populations to mitigate racial oppression and racial privilege to continue advancing racial equity. Related topics addressed include internalized oppression, stereotype threat, white privilege, and white fragility, as well as racial stamina. The chapter concludes by noting that while deeply influential, racial and ethnic identity is ultimately but one dimension of the self-concept that lies at the intersection of many other dynamic and consequential identities and roles in our complex lives.
Toward Latinx Intersectionality
Authors: Organista Kurt C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Because it is insufficient to focus on only one form of human diversity, be it race, gender or any other form, this chapter integrates an intersectionality approach to understanding and responding variations in Latinx psychosocial and health problems along the lines of race, gender and gender identity, sexuality, immigration status, etc. As an analytic tool, intersectionality facilitates understanding how multiple systems of oppression, as well as privilege, may converge and impinge upon the life of a Latinx individual or group. Challenges to integrating intersectionality into practice are discussed in relation to the way our socialization about civil rights, including social movements, has typically address one dimension of human diversity at a time.
For F*ck's Sake
Authors: Roache Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For F*ck’s Sake: Why Swearing is Shocking, Rude, and Fun elaborates on the nuances and power of swear words. It clarifies that swear words are not exactly offensive since offensiveness lies under the meaning people usually do not say. Swearing is designed to convey disrespect and offensiveness, while acting as a communicative tool and a source of humor. However, the unspoken and usually unconscious inferences that speakers and listeners make about each other are key to explaining swear words’ capacity to shock. For F*ck’s Sake explores the function, value and complexity of swearing by discussing the ways it can foster social intimacy and the hypocritical ways of censorship and punishment.
Different kinds of wrong
Authors: Roache Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the inappropriateness of swearing. It mentions how most people can recognize inappropriate swearing when they encounter it, so recognition is a matter of feeling it. Moreover, inappropriate swearing is shocking enough that it gets people's attention. The category of inappropriate swearing is pretty large, since its appropriateness ranges between rudeness and being morally wrong. Moreover, swearing is contrary to etiquette. The chapter explains how the intentions of the speaker are another factor to consider in trying to understand swearing’s inappropriateness or otherwise. It elaborates on the gap that exists between what people view as expressions of disrespect, and what constitutes expressions of disrespect.
Taboo, aggression, and harsh sweary sounds
Authors: Roache Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the offense escalation process of swearing due to sound and its relation to taboo. Swear words are born by certain words being widely dispreferred within a given community, which then establishes the offense escalation process to occur on a community-wide level. While the ‘quick and harsh’ sound of swear words does not singlehandedly explain their offensiveness, it is a factor in determining which words go through the offense escalation process to end up as swear words. The chapter explains that the important role of swearing in expressing strong emotion adds another layer to understanding why hearing it can be shocking. It notes how offense escalation helps us understand the offensiveness of breaching etiquette more generally.
Swears vs. slurs
Authors: Roache Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter compares the differences between swears and slurs. It clarifies that the offensiveness of slurs is not context-dependent in the same way that the offensiveness of swearing is. While both concepts involve taboo language, their power to offend differs in many ways. Swears, as we’ve seen, come to be offensive via offense escalation, but offence escalation plays a different, and relatively minor role, in how slurs come to be offensive. Moreover, swears are not hostile terms of abuse or contempt about members of a particular group. The chapter highlights that the offensiveness of slur revolves around expressing contempt and disrespect towards members of a particular group simply for being members of that group.
The value of offensiveness
Authors: Roache Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the value of offensiveness by looking into people who are unable to offend when they use swear words and people who suffer a moral wrong. Disabled people often find themselves to be unable to produce the shock and offense effect by uttering swear words. People swearing in a foreign language also experience struggle in expressing swear words. While the swearing of children can be shocking and offensive, the utterance proved to be funny. The chapter mentions how unusual people, like through their height or voice, risk not being able to use swearing effectively. It also considers the normativity surrounding swearing.
Introduction
Authors: Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Florence , Thomlinson Natalie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This introduction describes the state of Britain in 1984, at the outbreak of the strike. It introduces the sources used in the text, and sets out the state of the existing popular and scholarly literature on the strike and women’s role in it. It provides contextual history about the history of trade unionism, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), and the left in twentieth-century Britain. It also discusses the research methodology underpinning the work, in particular the use of oral history. It describes the characteristics of those who made up the oral history sample, methods of interviewee recruitment, interview technique, and the positionality of the interviewers. Finally, it summarises the arguments and contents of the book.
Early Days: Spring 1984
Authors: Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Florence , Thomlinson Natalie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the early days of the miners’ strike in March and April 1984. It explores how the dispute started, and the complex way in which it developed. It looks at why, in these first days of the dispute, women variously supported or opposed the strike depending on a complex constellation of factors. It examines why women tended to support the decisions of their husbands, whether for or against the strike, and why those decisions were taken in the first place. Supported by extensive original oral testimony, the experiences of the small number of women who were also part of the NUM—mostly canteen and office staff—are explored, as are the experiences of women who did not support the strike. Finally, the early days of the women’s movement that quickly grew up to support the strike are traced, with the events that prompted this unprecedented activism examined, and the mechanics of undertaking work such as fundraising and setting up soup kitchens analysed.
Aftermath
Authors: Sutcliffe-Braithwaite Florence , Thomlinson Natalie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter takes up the story of activist groups, as well as the experiences of individual women and of coalfield communities, in the months and years after the strike. Most support groups wound up within weeks of the dispute’s end, but a rump of politicised women kept National Women Against Pit Closures running for several years; this chapter explores the politics of that organisation, and the way that activist networks were reignited during the 1992–3 round of pit closures. This chapter also explores the ways in which coalfield women’s lives changed during the 1980s and 1990s. Like women across the country, women from coalfield communities experienced changes in patterns of work and family life. These were not entirely novel, but the loss of the strike, and the swift closure of pits in the years that followed, accelerated many of the shifts that were already in train before the strike. Finally, this chapter explores the changes wrought on coalfields by pit closures, and the frequently devastating consequences of these for the economy, health, and social fabric of mining communities.
Participatory Budgeting-new style
Authors: Hendriks Frank 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores local-level hybrids, with special attention to ‘Participatory Budgeting-new style’ (PB-ns), combining increased emphasis on large-scale voting—often digital, web-based—with continued attention to deliberative participation in local budgeting. This is examined through the lens of the Citizens’ Budget of District Antwerp, a Belgian town with a reputation for creative design in this realm, while recognizing more or less similar processes in other cities around the world. In view of the values framework, Antwerp’s Burgerbegroting is seen as a relatively multifunctional instrument that largely—although not perfectly—does what it is expected to do in this context. The thoughtful and persistent effort to mix and balance different design principles and to connect with the local context is what makes Antwerp’s Citizens’ Budget exemplary. As in the previous chapter, a separate text box is dedicated to institutional variations on the same theme.
Serafinowicz, the Belorussian Nationalist from Mir
Authors: Silverman Jon , Sherwood Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Szymon Serafinowicz, a Belorussian auxiliary policeman, was the first person in the UK to be charged under the War Crimes Act. He participated in massacres of Jews around the historic town of Mir; a cohort of fellow officers, all alleged perpetrators, followed him to the UK, masquerading as Poles, after the war. The Serafinowicz case is instructive because avoidable delays in taking him to court resulted in him being found unfit to stand trial because of his dementia. Other missed opportunities to bring him to justice occurred in the immediate post-war period when he was accused of being a war criminal but exonerated after a cursory inquiry at the London Cage. This chapter reveals that Serafinowicz was a significant figure in Belorussian nationalist circles as a trusted acolyte of the wartime pro-German politician Radoslaw Ostrowski, who, after the war, came to the UK to galvanize anti-Soviet organizations. The Soviets knew that Serafinowicz was living in the UK long before the War Crimes Unit did.
An Immaterial World
Authors: Hunter Walt 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter follows James Merrill’s poetic interest in “immaterials,” which he uses to describe the touch of affection, alongside the synchronous rise in the abstraction of home value and its inextricable connection to Merrill’s father’s company, Merrill Lynch. The chapter looks closely at The Changing Light at Sandover not so much as a critique of housing finance, as an instance of the shared revolution of value in both finance and aesthetic perception. The renovations of rooms, ongoing for Merrill, are brought into conversation with the revision of the poems set in them and contrasted with the mania for rapid development that Merrill often denigrated.
The Politics of Becoming
Authors: Asenbaum Hans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat roles do our identities play in democratic politics? When we participate in citizens’ assemblies or in social movement gatherings, we are judged by how we look, which clothes we wear, by our skin colour, gender, and body language. Prejudice does not only lead to discrimination but also limits the freedom of expressing ourselves. The Politics of Becoming explores radical democratic acts of disidentification to counter this problem. Anonymity in masked protest, pamphleteering, street graffiti, and online debate interrupts our everyday identities. By concealing who we believe ourselves to be, anonymity allows us to live our multiple selves. In the digital age, anonymity becomes an inherent part of everyday communication. Through our smart devices we express our selves differently. As cyborgs our identities are disrupted and reassembled. We curate self-representations on social media, create avatars, share selfies and choose the skin colour of our emojis. To counter discrimination and express ourselves more freely in democratic spaces, we need to embrace our inner multiplicity. This argument does not break with the feminist politics of presence. Claiming and reinterpreting marginalized identities is a crucial element of an emancipatory democratic strategy. The politics of becoming, however, rereads presence as the performative act of self-creation. Drawing on queer, gender, feminist, and anarchist thinking, this book argues for an interruption of the dominant order to engage in self-transformation.