bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of lactate metabolism after submaximal ergometric exercise in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Bauer A‐M , Sternfeld T , Horster S , Schunk M , Goebel F‐D , Bogner JR 
Published: September 2004

Objectives
It is unknown whether high levels of lactate result from enhanced production or decreased degradation. We therefore investigated differences in the kinetics of plasma lactic acid in HIV‐infected patients receiving or not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and in uninfected controls after submaximal ergometric exercise.Methods
Ten healthy controls, 11 HIV‐infected therapy‐naïve patients, 15 HIV‐infected patients on HAART with normal baseline lactate levels, and nine HIV‐infected patients on HAART with elevated baseline lactate levels >2 mmol/L performed 10 min of ergometric exercise, with a heart rate of 200 beats/min minus age. Lactate levels were measured at baseline, at the end of exercise and 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 min thereafter.Results
Mean baseline lactate levels were 1.4, 1.5, 1.5 and 2.8 mmol/L in the controls, the therapy‐naïve patients, the patients on HAART with normal lactate levels and the patients on HAART with elevated lactate levels, respectively. Maximum lactate levels after exercise were similar in all groups (9.7, 9.4, 9.0 and 10.1 mmol/L, respectively). Significant differences were found in the slope of lactate decline between controls and untreated individuals (P=0.038) and between patients on HAART with normal baseline lactate and patients on HAART with elevated baseline lactate (P=0.028).Conclusions
Differences in lactate metabolism do exist between healthy controls and HIV‐infected therapy‐naïve individuals. Thus, HIV infection in itself may influence lactate levels. Elevated baseline lactate levels are associated with a delayed decline of lactate after exercise. These results could be explained by impaired lactate clearance. Lactate production upon exercise does not seem to be affected by baseline lactate levels.
Clinical features and predictors of survival of AIDS‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in a population‐based case series in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Robotin MC , Law MG , Milliken S , Goldstein D , Garsia RJ , Dolan GM , Kaldor JM , Grulich AE 
Published: September 2004

ObjectivesTo analyse clinical features and predictors of survival for AIDS‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared to earlier in the HIV epidemic.MethodsAll AIDS‐NHL cases diagnosed at three inner Sydney hospitals caring for people with AIDS during 1985–2001 were identified through medical record searches. Demographic, clinical, immunological and histopathological information was recorded. Year of NHL diagnosis was grouped into three periods, corresponding to whether monotherapy (1985–1991), dual therapy (1992–1995) or HAART (1996–2001) was the main treatment for HIV infection. Statistical comparisons were made between the pre‐HAART and post‐HAART eras.ResultsThree hundred cases of AIDS‐NHL were identified. Divergent trends were identified for systemic and primary central nervous system (CNS) NHL. For systemic NHL, the CD4 count at NHL diagnosis increased markedly to 208 cells/μL in the post‐HAART era (P=0.014) and there was a trend towards presentation as the first AIDS‐defining illness (69%, P=0.053), and as earlier stage NHL disease (42%, P=0.048). Median survival time increased from 4.2 months in 1985–1991 to 19 months in the post‐HAART era (P<0.001). In a multivariate model, predictors of poor survival from systemic NHL included: NHL diagnosis after another AIDS‐defining illness (P<0.001), stage 4 NHL (P<0.001), presentation at extra lymphatic sites (P=0.001), and nonreceipt of chemotherapy (P=0.002). After adjusting for the factors, those diagnosed in the era of HAART had a significant 56% reduction in rate of death (P<0.001). In contrast, for CNS NHL, clinical features were little changed and survival did not improve in the era of HAART.ConclusionsSystemic NHL is presenting earlier in the course of HIV disease, and at a less advanced NHL stage. There has been a marked improvement in survival in the era of HAART even after adjustment for other prognostic variables. In contrast, primary CNS NHL remains a disease which presents late in the course of HIV infection and is associated with a very poor prognosis.
Significance of hepatitis C virus coinfection with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels in HIV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Fonquernie L , Serfaty L , Charrois A , Wendum D , Lefebvre B , Girard PM , Meynard JL 
Published: September 2004

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in HIV‐1‐infected patients, together with its clinical, biological and histological characteristics and predictive factors.MethodsWe retrospectively studied all HCV/HIV‐coinfected patients treated in our Infectious Diseases Department, for whom data on both HIV and HCV infection were available. We compared the demographic characteristics and parameters of HIV and HCV infection between cases, defined by persistently normal ALT levels (<45 IU/L) and detectable serum HCV‐RNA (determined by PCR), and controls with high ALT levels and HCV PCR positivity during the previous 3 years.ResultsAmong the 815 HIV‐infected patients assessed for this study, 179 (22%) were HCV‐coinfected, of whom 155 were eligible for this analysis. Of these 155 HCV‐coinfected patients, 137 (88%) were HCV‐PCR‐positive, of whom 39 (28.5%) had persistently normal ALT levels (cases) and 98 (71.5%) had high ALT levels (controls). Relative to controls, cases had a significantly lower fibrosis score and a lower fibrosis progression rate (2.2 vs. 1.3, P=0.004; 0.3 vs. 0.2, P=0.006, respectively). Three factors associated with persistently normal ALT levels were identified, namely: HBsAg negativity (P=0.003), HCV genotype 4 (P=0.01) and female sex (P=0.05).ConclusionPersistently normal ALT levels may be considered as a marker of slow HCV disease progression in HIV‐coinfected patients, with significantly less severe hepatic lesions.
Packaging demands in the food service industry
Authors: Olsson Annika , Petterson Maria , Jönson Gunilla 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe European food service market was estimated, in 1999, to be worth US$293 billion with high profit margins and a growth rate of 2.75%. Future demand for value‐added products and high levels of customization will stress the issue of keeping profit margins in the food service industry. Packaging is a critical issue, because it adheres to the product throughout the entire food service supply chain. Package design influences the efficiency of the entire chain in terms of functions, features, information and cost aspects. The purpose of this study was to explore the demands of value‐added packaging in the food service sector and was carried out in the UK. The study shows that there are opportunities to improve packaging solutions to fit better with food service needs. The study also indicates a lack of understanding in the food service sector and that packages can actually add value to the products. Suggested opportunities in package development are presented.
The formulation and evaluation of culinary success factors (CSFs) that determine the palatability of food
Authors: Klosse P. R. , Riga J. , Cramwinckel A. B. , Saris W. H. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe aim of the research reported here was to analyse palatability. In the first part of the study, renowned chefs in the Netherlands were interviewed about their most successful dishes to search for ‘common denominators’. In total 18 chefs were interviewed and 63 dishes were analysed. Six product characteristics were found that were present in at least 80% of the described dishes: (i) name and presentation fit the expectation; (ii) appetizing smell that fits the food; (iii) good balance of flavour components in relation to the food; (iv) presence of umami, also called the fifth basic taste; (v) in mouthfeel a mix of hard and soft textures; and (vi) high flavour richness. It was hypothesized that palatability is determined by the presence of each of these culinary success factors (CSFs). In a second study, a Michelin‐star chef was asked to develop three series of dishes each with a specified main ingredient. Every series consisted of one dish based on the CSFs and two variants, in which systematically one of the CSFs was left out, under the condition that the dish was still restaurant‐worthy. In a tasting these nine dishes were served to a group of 26 experienced restaurant guests. In the tasting, the dishes in which most CSFs were united were preferred to the variants. It is concluded that the formulated CSFs can help chefs in the development of new dishes and improvement of existing ones.
Uncovering aspects of franchisees’ incentives: an explorative investigation
Authors: Marnburg Einar , Larsen Svein , Ogaard Torvald 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe success of franchise systems is usually explained by referring to franchisees’ incentives, that is, residual claims to profit and empowerment through delegation. This paper focuses on possible psychological and social dimensions of franchisees’ incentives by investigating franchisees’ and employed managers’ self‐efficacy, system commitment, and system conformity performance. In the explorative study, we found that franchisees were significantly more committed than employed managers, but we were not able to discover any differences between operational managers employed by franchisors and franchisees. This paper discusses various theoretical understandings of franchisees’ incentives and discusses possible explanations of how and why franchisees’ incentives affect their employed managers.
Granule‐assisted dishwashing improves cleanliness
Authors: Ståhl Wernersson Eva , Johansson Erik , Håkanson Håkan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe cleanliness of plates and dishes washed in two different types of machines was investigated. Both machines were one‐tank dishwashers; one of them used water and detergent, the other used plastic granules, water and detergent as the cleaning medium. The mechanical effect of plastic granules, water and detergent cleaned the dishes better than water and detergent alone. For easily removed soil, as characterized in the international standards ANSI/NSF 3 and DIN 10512, both dishwashing machines resulted in clean dishes. Dishes covered with a more adhesive soil were clean only after washing in the granule‐assisted washer. The importance of cleaning plates and dishes, in order to avoid cross‐contamination and the spread of infection, is discussed.
Development and optimization of microsatellite DNA primers for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus)
Authors: KOOPMAN MARNI E. , SCHABLE NANCY A. , GLENN TRAVIS C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe developed 22 microsatellite loci for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus). We genotyped 275 unrelated boreal owls (Aegolius f. richardsoni) and 36 unrelated Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius f. funereus) using seven loci that were polymorphic and did not have detectable null alleles. Among North American and Scandinavian boreal owls, respectively, allelic diversity ranged from three to 11 alleles and from one to 11 alleles, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 to 0.80 and from 0.00 to 0.81, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.28 to 0.81 and from 0.00 to 0.81. These markers appeared to amplify DNA in six other Strigidae species.
Characterization of microsatellites located within the genes of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)
Authors: YUE GEN HUA , ORBAN LASZLO 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus; Cyprinidae) is not only an important ornamental fish species, but also a useful model for biological studies. The sequence of goldfish genes present in the public database was searched for short tandem repeats, and 11 polymorphic microsatellites were detected within eight important genes. Two microsatellites were located in coding regions of the c‐myc and GAP‐43 genes, respectively, whereas the others were mainly located in 5′ and 3′ untranscribed regions of other genes, such as gonadotropin and activin. The average allele number of these microsatellites was 5.5 per locus with a range between 3 and 9. These microsatellites will be useful for ecological and population genetic studies of this species, as well as for the ornamental fish industry.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Amazonian red‐handed howlers Alouatta belzebul (Primates, Plathyrrini)
Authors: GONÇALVES E. C. , SILVA A. , BARBOSA M. S. R. , SCHNEIDER M. P. C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTen highly polymorphic microsatellite loci are described for Amazonian red‐handed howlers (Alouatta belzebul), an endemic Brazilian primate species subject to intense hunting pressure. The number of alleles observed in 30 individuals ranged from nine to 20, and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.35 to 0.93. No linkage associations were evident from pairwise comparisons of loci. These microsatellites offer a powerful tool for fine‐scale studies of genetic structure in both captive colonies and wild populations of red‐handed howlers.
Characterization of novel microsatellites and development of multiplex PCR for large‐scale population studies in wild cherry, Prunus avium
Authors: VAUGHAN S. P. , RUSSELL K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPrimers were developed for 14 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci identified from a Prunus avium‘Charger’ genomic DNA library. In a survey of 16 wild cherry accessions 10 of the loci revealed polymorphisms of between two and six alleles. The remaining loci were found to be monomorphic. Seven polymorphic loci identified in this study and four polymorphic loci previously reported in sweet cherry were mapped and found to be unlinked. Two multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were optimized to enable the characterization of all 11 unlinked, polymorphic SSR loci.
Characterization of 17 microsatellite loci in the Japanese land snail genera Mandarina, Ainohelix, and Euhadra (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
Authors: DAVISON ANGUS , CHIBA SATOSHI , KAWATA MASAKADO 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLand snails of the genera Mandarina, Euhadra and Ainohelix are useful for understanding the ecology and evolution of speciation and adaptation, so we have developed 17 microsatellite loci for these species. As in other land snails, most of the loci are highly polymorphic compound repeats, with a great size range between alleles. The loci should be useful in understanding gene‐flow, genetic structure and speciation in these species.
Twelve variable microsatellite loci for the North American medicinal leech, Macrobdella decora
Authors: BUDINOFF REBECCA B. , SIDDALL AIMEE M. , SIDDALL MARK E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci for the North American medicinal leech, Macrobdella decora. Macrobdella decora is abundant in central and northern North American freshwater systems. The resulting microsatellite library, the first for any species of leech or any clitellate annelid, demonstrates the efficacy of this type of analysis on unexploited leech populations and should serve as a baseline for comparison with other species, notably the commercially important and threatened European medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis.
Early diagnosis is vital in the management of squamous cell carcinomas associated with chronic non healing ulcers: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Enoch Stuart , Miller David R , Price Patricia E , Harding Keith G 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe association between chronic ulcers and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is well established. Their clinical presentations, however, are varied, ranging from innocuously appearing lesions to overtly exophytic growths. We present a series of cases with heterogeneous clinical presentations and different treatment outcomes. Case series – patient 1 was a 69‐year‐old man with an 18‐month history of static non healing venous leg ulcer, but no sinister features, biopsy was performed to rule out Marjolin's transformation, histology revealed SCC and treatment was simple excision and skin grafting; patient 2 was a 73‐year‐old lady with an 18‐month history of non healing ulcer (innocuous appearance) over distal interphalangeal joint of index finger, histology revealed SCC with deeper extension and treatment was amputation of distal half of finger; patient 3 was a 73‐year‐old lady with a 12‐month history of non healing fungating leg ulcer with irregular borders and everted edges, histology revealed SCC (tumour eroding tibia and distant metastasis) and treatment was above‐knee amputation, radiotherapy and palliation. Whilst SCC is amenable to simple excision in the early stages, delay in diagnosis could result in loss of the affected digit or limb; an SCC which has metastasised is also life threatening. Therefore, a low threshold to biopsy static non healing ulcers or ulcers in unusual sites should be adopted even in those not manifesting any evidence of malignancy.
Gamma‐irradiated human skin allograft: a potential treatment modality for lower extremity ulcers
Authors: Rosales M Anthony , Bruntz Merri , Armstrong David G 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGamma‐irradiated human skin allograft consists of epidermis and dermis. Unlike bioengineered tissues which require cold storage and timely use once received from the manufacturer, gamma‐irradiated human skin allograft can be stored for as long as 24 months at room temperature. This modality is applied in a fashion similar to that of bioengineered skin grafts. In this article, we present case studies with concise reviews of the available evidence to discuss the potential use of gamma‐irradiated human skin allograft on wounds in the lower extremity.
Comparison of bacteria‐retaining ability of absorbent wound dressings
Authors: Tachi Masahiro , Hirabayashi Shinichi , Yonehara Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Yasutoshi , Bowler Philip 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFibrous materials in some modern absorbent wound dressings have the ability to sequester and retain bacteria; however, this ability varies according to the nature of the fibres. We studied the bacterial retention capacity of alginate and carboxymethylcellulose dressings, using an infected skin ulcer model on the backs of rats. Wound surfaces were inoculated with either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 1·5 × 106 colony‐forming units per wound. AQUACEL®; Hydrofiber®;, Kaltostat®; or Sorbsan®; were applied to the contaminated wounds for 12 h. Each dressing was then divided into two pieces. Total viable bacterial count within the dressing was calculated using one piece, and bacterial count released from the dressing into physiological saline was determined using the other piece, enabling bacterial retention rate to be calculated. Bacterial counts in tissue were also determined. Each dressing was tested on each of 10 wounds contaminated with each bacterium. Statistical analyses were performed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for replicated measures combined with Duncan's multiple comparison test. AQUACEL®; Hydrofiber®; dressing was most effective in its ability to retain both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < 0·05). Bacterial counts in tissue showed no significant change with respect to pathogen or the type of dressing used. It can be concluded that the bacterial retaining ability of AQUACEL®; Hydrofiber®; dressing was found to be significantly higher than that of alginate dressings in an infected animal wound model.
Pyoderma gangrenosum: a challenging complication of bilateral mastopexy
Authors: Poucke Sven Van , Jorens Philippe G , Peeters Raymond , Jacobs Werner , De Beeck Bart Op , Lambert Julien , Beaucourt Luc 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA case of pyoderma gangrenosum progressively developing after bilateral mastopexy at the surgical site is described. The described case was successfully treated with corticosteroids, the application of the dermal regeneration template Integra® and autologous skin grafts. This approach was able to save the patient's life and to generate a high‐quality aesthetical outcome. The article reported the case, reviewed the literature of pyoderma gangrenosum related to mastopexy or augmentation mammoplasty and discussed the use of a dermal regeneration template to optimise aesthetical results after reconstructive surgery.
Endocrine Response to Surgical Stress and Postoperative Confusion in Depressed Patients with Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Kudoh Akira , Katagai Hiroshi , Takase Hajime , Takazawa Tomoko 
Published: September 2004

Both alcohol drinking and depression are risk factors for postoperative confusion and are associated with alteration of pituitary-adrenal function. We investigated the incidence of postoperative confusion, plasma cortisol and ACTH response to surgical stress in depressed patients with alcohol abuse. We studied sixty depressed patients with and without alcohol abuse who underwent abdominal surgery. Postoperative confusion occurred in 4 of 30 patients (13%) in depressed patients without alcohol abuse, 10 of 30 patients (33%) in depressed patients with alcohol abuse. Plasma cortisol concentrations (27.2 ± 7.0, 28.3 ± 8.2, 29.2 ± 4.1, 28.0 ± 6.3 and 27.9 ± 5.7 µg dl<sup>–1</sup>) 15, 60 min after the skin incision, 60 min after the end of surgery, the next day and the third day after surgery in depressed patients with alcohol abuse were significantly higher than that (20.1 ± 6.4, 21.7 ± 9.6, 22.3 ± 8.0, 21.9 ± 6.7 and 20.3 ± 5.4 µg dl<sup>–1</sup>) in depressed patients without alcohol abuse. In depressed patients with alcohol abuse, plasma cortisol concentrations (34.9 ± 7.1, 33.2 ± 5.8 and 33.4 ± 5.5 µg dl<sup>–1</sup>) 60 min after the end of surgery, the next day and third day after surgery in postoperatively confused depressed patients were significantly higher than those (26.4 ± 6.3, 25.4 ± 5.0 and 25.2 ± 4.9 µg dl<sup>–1</sup>) of nonconfused depressed patients. In conclusion, the incidence of postoperative confusion was significantly higher in depressed patients with alcohol abuse than in depressed patients without alcohol abuse. Increased plasma cortisol concentrations after surgery were associated with postoperative confusion in depressed patients with alcohol abuse.