bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Models for Under-Reporting in the Analysis of Violence Against Women in Italy
Authors: Polettini Silvia , Arima Serena , Martino Sara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractViolence against women is still one of the most widespread and persistent violations of human rights. Despite this, a significant gap of comprehensive, reliable and up-to-date figures on such a largely uncovered phenomenon remains. To develop efficient and effective policy and legal responses to gender-based violence, accurate data are necessary. Surveys specifically designed to quantify the number of victims of gender violence return prevalence estimates at a given time, and assess the under-detection of violence and its drivers. However, the last Italian Women’s Safety Survey was conducted by ISTAT in 2014. Given the substantial under-reporting affecting official counts of violence reports to the police, and the lack of recent survey data, up-to-date prevalence estimates cannot be produced. Designing ad hoc techniques suitable to pool data arising from different sources, first of all official police reports, and accounting for the under-reporting, is crucial to understand and measure violence against women to return a realistic picture of this greatly underrated phenomenon and assess its scope. We use publicly available registry data on violence reports in 2020 as a primary source to provide improved estimates of gender violence in the Italian regions, by introducing a Bayesian model that supplements the observed counts with a pool of auxiliary information, including socio-demographic indicators, data on calls from 1522 helpline number and prevalence estimates from previous surveys, while explicitly modelling the reporting process using covariates and external information. We propose using statistical models for the analysis of misreported data to improve the understanding of the problem from a methodological point of view and to get insights into the complex dynamics of the phenomenon in Italy.
The Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS) on the Europa Clipper Mission
Authors: Westlake J. H. , McNutt R. L. , Grey M. , Coren D. , Rymer A. M. , Cochrane C. J. , Luspay-Kuti A. , Hohlfeld E. , Seese N. , Crew A. , Liang S. , Diaz T. , Smith H. T. , Paty C. S. , Jia X. , Rogacki S. , Stevens M. L. , Kasper J. C. , Case A. W. , Slavin J. A. , Khurana K. K. , Kivelson M. G. , Shearer C. , Mandt K. E. , Asmar K. , Cooper K. , Battista C. , Kim C. , Katz S. , Kusterer M. , Brown L. , Linko D. , Schlemm C. , Jaskulek S. , Dalton J. , Caranza R. , Reynolds E. , Richardson M. , Saur J. , Krupp N. , Roussos E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCharacterizing Europa’s subsurface ocean is essential for assessing Europa’s habitability. The suite of instruments on the Europa Clipper spacecraft will, among others, magnetically sound Europa’s interior by measuring the ocean’s induced magnetic field. This magnetic field is generated in response to the Jovian time-varying magnetic environment in which Europa is immersed. However, the dynamic magnetized plasma flow of the Jovian magnetosphere creates electrical currents that give rise to magnetic perturbations near Europa. These perturbations complicate the interpretation of the induction signal, and hence the characterization and inferences on potential habitability. Thus, characterization of the ocean by magnetic sounding requires an accurate characterization of the plasma as it flows across Europa.We present the Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS), the instrument for the Europa Clipper mission that will measure the plasma contribution to the magnetic field perturbations sensed by the Europa Clipper Magnetometer. PIMS is composed of four Faraday Cup plasma spectrometers that use voltage-biased gridded apertures to dissect the space plasmas that they encounter. The instrument uses sensitive preamplifiers and processing electronics to measure the current that results when charged particles strike the instrument’s metal collector plates, thus enabling a measure of the plasma characteristics near Europa to produce a more accurate magnetic sounding of Europa’s subsurface ocean. PIMS consists of two sensors: one placed near the top of the Europa Clipper spacecraft and one near the bottom. Each sensor contains two Faraday Cups with a 90° full-width field-of-view. The sensors were specifically designed to withstand the Europa environment, measure both ions and electrons, and have two separate voltage ranges intended to analyze the magnetospheric and ionospheric environments, respectively. In this paper, we describe the scientific motivation for this experiment, the design considerations for the PIMS instrument, the details of the ground calibration, and other details pertinent to understanding the scientific data retrieved by PIMS.
Density estimation for toroidal data using semiparametric mixtures
Authors: Xu Danli , Wang Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractToroidal data is an extension of circular data on a torus and plays a critical part in various scientific fields. This article studies the density estimation of multivariate toroidal data based on semiparametric mixtures. One of the major challenges of semiparametric mixture modelling in a multi-dimensional space is that one can not directly maximize the likelihood over the unrestricted component density as it will result in a degenerate estimate with an unbounded likelihood. To overcome this problem, we propose to fix the maximum of the component density, which subsequently bounds the maximum of the mixture and its likelihood function, hence providing a satisfactory density estimate. The product of univariate circular distributions are utilized to form multivariate toroidal densities as candidates for mixture components. Numerical studies show that the mixture-based density estimator is superior in general to the kernel density estimator.
A new species of Siphoderina Manter, 1934 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) infecting the Dory Snapper Lutjanus fulviflamma (Teleostei: Lutjanidae) from the east coast of South Africa
Authors: Yong Russell Q -Y. , Martin Storm B. , Smit Nico J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractParasitological assessment of marine fishes at Sodwana Bay in the iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area on the east coast of South Africa revealed a new species of cryptogonimid trematode infecting the pyloric caeca of the Dory Snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål) (Lutjanidae). The new species is morphologically consistent with the concept of the large genus Siphoderina Manter, 1934; its phylogenetic position within this genus was validated through molecular sequencing of the ITS2 and partial 28S ribosomal DNA sub-regions. We name this species Siphoderina nanan. sp. and comment on the current state of understanding for this genus of cryptogonimids.
A trade-off in activated biochar capping of complex sediment contamination: reduced PAH transport at the cost of potential As mobilisation
Authors: Dublet-Adli Gabrielle , Cornelissen Gerard , Eek Espen , Sørmo Erlend , Hansen Caroline Berge , Tjønneland Maren Valestrand , Maurice Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of thin-layer capping with activated biochar on sediment-to-water flux was investigated. For the first time, the diffusion of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and arsenic (As) were studied simultaneously. The fate of As was investigated, under successive dysoxic and oxic conditions, in order to assess and discuss potential trade-off effects when using biochar as an active sorbent for capping of multi-contaminated sediments.

Methods
Sediments from the Bureå bay (Sweden), contaminated with PAH and metal elements including As and Hg, were capped with activated biochar and/or bentonite in simple microcosm test systems in the laboratory. The contaminant transport from sediment through the capping to water body was studied by sampling metals in the water phase above the cap over time, or PAH in a heptane layer over water, at regular time intervals.

Results
Consistently with the limited previous studies, reductions were observed (e.g., 60–65% for 15-PAH, 100% for chrysene) in sediment-to-water PAH fluxes upon biochar-based thin-layer capping. However, the most important novel finding revealed ambiguous effects of biochar capping on redox-sensitive elements, in particular As. Under the microcosm conditions of the experiment, where pH was affected by the capping material, biochar treatments favoured As mobility under oxic conditions, directly and/or via effects on Fe speciation. While capping limited the diffusion of As under dysoxic conditions, this also favoured greater As mobility under oxic water conditions compared to no capping.

Conclusion
Design and monitoring of capping of PAH contaminated sediments should account for potential negative effects on co-occurring contaminants.
Fast detection of bag-breakups in pulsating and steady airflow using video analysis and deep learning
Authors: Morita Daiki , Raytchev Bisser , Elhanashi Abdussalam , Kawaguchi Mikimasa , Ogata Yoichi , Higaki Toru , Kaneda Kazufumi , Nakashima Akira , Saponara Sergio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObject detection methods based on deep learning have made great progress in recent years and have been used successfully in many different applications. However, since they have been evaluated predominantly on datasets of natural images, it is still unclear how accurate and effective they can be if used in special domain applications, for example in scientific, industrial, etc. images, where the properties of the images are very different from those taken in natural scenes. In this study, we illustrate the challenges one needs to face in such a setting on a concrete practical application, involving the detection of a particular fluid phenomenon—bag-breakup—in images of droplet scattering, which differ significantly from natural images. Using two technologically mature and state-of-the-art object detection methods, RetinaNet and YOLOv7, we discuss what strategies need to be considered in this problem setting, and perform both quantitative and qualitative evaluations to study their effects. Additionally, we also propose a new method to further improve accuracy of detection by utilizing information from several consecutive frames. We hope that the practical insights gained in this study can be of use to other researchers and practitioners when targeting applications where the images differ greatly from natural images.
Phase Equilibrium and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Nb–Si–X Ternary Alloys
Authors: Matsunaga Sae , Komamura Kiyoshi , Yamabe-Mitarai Yoko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhase equilibrium of Nb–Si–X ternary alloys (X = Zr, Ta, Al) was predicted by thermodynamic calculations. Microstructure characterization and phase identification have been performed to investigate the phase equilibrium and validate the prediction. High-temperature compression tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. All alloys exhibited ssNb, Nb5Si3, and Nb3Si phases. Zr addition increased strength at both room and elevated temperatures. The alloy with large primary silicide islands exhibited a higher 0.2 pct proof stress.
Elliptic problems with mixed nonlinearities and potentials singular at the origin and at the boundary of the domain
Authors: Bieganowski Bartosz , Konysz Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe are interested in the following Dirichlet problem: $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u + \lambda u - \mu \frac{u}{|x|^2} - \nu \frac{u}{\textrm{dist}(x,\mathbb {R}^N \setminus \Omega )^2} = f(x,u) &{} \quad \text{ in } \Omega \\ u = 0 &{} \quad \text{ on } \partial \Omega , \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

-
Δ
u
+
λ
u
-
μ

u

|
x
|

2

-
ν

u

dist

(
x
,

R

N

\
Ω
)

2

=
f

(
x
,
u
)

in

Ω

u
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

on a bounded domain $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

with $$0 \in \Omega $$

0
∈
Ω

. We assume that the nonlinear part is superlinear on some closed subset $$K \subset \Omega $$

K
⊂
Ω

and asymptotically linear on $$\Omega \setminus K$$

Ω
\
K

. We find a solution with the energy bounded by a certain min–max level, and infinitely, many solutions provided that f is odd in u. Moreover, we study also the multiplicity of solutions to the associated normalized problem.
A patient with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy presenting with central precocious puberty: a case report
Authors: Zhu Ting Ting , Wu Jin , Sun Xiao Mei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by the variations in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 (ABCD1) gene. This study is the first to report central precocious puberty (CPP) in individuals with X-ALD. A 6-year-old boy exhibited mucocutaneous pigmentation, increased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and elevated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). We identified a variant, c.1826A>G (p. Glu609Gly), in exon 8 of the ABCD1 gene in the proband. Additionally, he displayed rapid growth, testicular volume of 5–6 mL, the onset of pubic hair, and pubertal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), all meeting the diagnostic criteria for CPP.
Indonesian marine and its medicinal contribution
Authors: Nugraha Ari Satia , Firli Lilla Nur , Rani Dinar Mutia , Hidayatiningsih Ayunda , Lestari Nadya Dini , Wongso Hendris , Tarman Kustiariyah , Rahaweman Ayu Christien , Manurung Jeprianto , Ariantari Ni Putu , Papu Adelfia , Putra Masteria Yunovilsa , Pratama Antonius Nugraha Widhi , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Keller Paul A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe archipelagic country of Indonesia is populated by the densest marine biodiversity in the world which has created strong global interest and is valued by both Indigenous and European settlements for different purposes. Nearly 1000 chemicals have been extracted and identified. In this review, a systematic data curation was employed to collate bioprospecting related manuscripts providing a comprehensive directory based on publications from 1988 to 2022. Findings with significant pharmacological activities are further discussed through a scoping data collection. This review discusses macroorganisms (Sponges, Ascidian, Gorgonians, Algae, Mangrove) and microorganism (Bacteria and Fungi) and highlights significant discoveries, including a potent microtubule stabilizer laulimalide from Hyattella sp., a prospective doxorubicin complement papuamine alkaloid from Neopetrosia cf exigua, potent antiplasmodial manzamine A from Acanthostrongylophora ingens, the highly potent anti trypanosomal manadoperoxide B from Plakortis cfr. Simplex, mRNA translation disrupter hippuristanol from Briareum sp, and the anti-HIV-1 (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A isolated from Acanthostrongylophora sp. Further, some potent antibacterial extracts were also found from a limited biomass of bacteria cultures. Although there are currently no examples of commercial drugs from the Indonesian marine environment, this review shows the molecular diversity present and with the known understudied biodiversity, reveals great promise for future studies and outcomes.
Graphical Abstract
Multiphysical contact of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic material with imperfect bonding interface
Authors: Sui Yijin , Zhang Haibo , Zhao Jieliang , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) frictional contact model of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) material with a conducting spherical punch under electromagnetic fields is presented. Two types of imperfect bonding interface of layers, dislocation-like interface and force-like interface, are considered. Frequency response functions (FRFs) for multilayered MEE material with imperfect interface subjected to unit mechanical, electric, and magnetic loads are derived. The FRFs are used with the semi-analytical method (SAM) to solve present multiphysical contact problem. The present model is verified by comparing with literatures and the finite element method (FEM) and used to study the contact problem of FGMEE film imperfectly bonded on homogenous MEE half-space under electromagnetic fields. Parametric studies are conducted to reveal the effects of imperfect interfaces and also film properties including gradient index and thickness.
Dignified Resources and Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study of Racially and Economically Marginalized Communities
Authors: Guan Alice , Cruz Tessa , Sowell Jamaica , Mathias Brenda , Hassberg Analena Hope , Shariff-Marco Salma , Akom Antwi , DeRouen Mindy C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Amid the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), racially and economically marginalized communities experienced a disproportionate burden of disease and social consequences (e.g., unemployment, increased exposure). This study seeks to understand strategies that these communities employed to cope with unequal burdens of the pandemic.

Methods
We utilized qualitative data collected between 2020 and 2021 from a mobile mapping platform designed to facilitate real-time, geocoded data collection on individual’s experiences and perceptions of their neighborhoods. Reports were iteratively coded by an academic researcher and community partner. We employed an inductive approach to analysis, which allowed findings to emerge organically without constraint of researcher hypotheses.

Results
A total of 19 respondents (14 under the age of 45, 16 non-White, 15 with less than half a year of emergency savings) provided 236 qualitative reports. Participants described innovative strategies for exchanging resources as a means of informally networking and building community, the importance of tailored programming (e.g., for specific racial/ethnic groups) in fostering belonging and comfort, and the importance of two specific dimensions of services—interactions with service providers and the quality of goods or services—in providing dignified care.

Discussion
Amidst exacerbated racial and economic disparities emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic, our study highlights the need for investment in mutual aid, the importance of tailored services and support, and promoting dignity in social services. As other macro-level social stressors become more prevalent as the pandemic continues, these findings can inform how we examine and address them.
A comparative analysis of deep learning methods for weed classification of high-resolution UAV images
Authors: Alirezazadeh Pendar , Schirrmann Michael , Stolzenburg Frieder 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBecause weeds compete directly with crops for moisture, nutrients, space, and sunlight, their monitoring and control is an essential necessity in agriculture. The most important step in choosing an effective and time-saving weed control method is the detection of weed species. Deep learning approaches have been proven to be effective in smart agricultural tasks such as plant classification and disease detection. The performance of Deep Learning-based classification models is often influenced by the complexity of the feature extraction backbone. The limited availability of data in weed classification problems poses a challenge when increasing the number of parameters in the backbone of a model. While a substantial increase in backbone parameters may only result in marginal performance improvements, it can also lead to overfitting and increased training difficulty. In this study, we aim to explore the impact of adjusting the architecture depth and width on the performance of deep neural networks for weed classification using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery. Specifically, we focus on comparing the performance of well-known convolutional neural networks with varying levels of complexity, including heavy and light architectures. By investigating the impact of scaling deep layers, we seek to understand how it influences attention mechanisms, enhances the learning of meaningful representations, and ultimately improves the performance of deep networks in weed classification tasks with UAV images. Data were collected using a high-resolution camera on a UAV flying at low altitudes over a winter wheat field. Using the transfer learning strategy, we trained deep learning models and performed species-level classification tasks with the weed species: Lithospermum arvense, Spergula arvensis, Stellaria media, Chenopodium album, and Lamium purpureum observed in that field. The results obtained from this study reveal that networks with deeper layers do not effectively learn meaningful representations, thereby hindering the expected performance gain in the context of the specific weed classification task addressed in this study.
Practice-Based Teacher Education Benefits Graduate Trainees and Their Students Through Inclusive and Active Teaching Methods
Authors: Stromholt Shelley , Wiggins Benjamin , Von der Mehden Bailey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe next generations of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workers are being trained in college and university classrooms by a workforce of instructors who learn pedagogical practice largely on the job. While inclusive instructional practices and their impacts are increasingly well-studied, this training is difficult to instill within the professional development that most STEM professors receive before teaching their students. The Science Teaching Experience Program for Upcoming PhDs (STEP-UP) at the University of Washington was built to prepare future professors for inclusive excellence by guiding them through the literature in education research and providing them a space to practice active and inclusive teaching techniques. This study of STEP-UP uses a design-based approach to understand graduate trainee and undergraduate perceptions of the most salient aspects and outcomes of the program. Our study found that trainees used opportunities to practice inclusive teaching methods with a cohort of their peers, and crucially that these methods were evident in trainee-taught courses through multiple lines of evidence. STEP-UP-trained instructors used inclusive teaching strategies that helped students to feel socioemotionally supported. This study offers a model program that fosters inclusion and equity in undergraduate STEM classrooms through improving teaching professional development for graduate students.
New Similarity Solutions of Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Over Horizontal Plate by Lie Group with Nonlinear Hydrodynamic and Linear Thermal and Mass Slips
Authors: Ferdows M. , Hossain Abid , Uddin M. J. , Mim Fahiza Tabassum , Sun Shuyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe viscous laminar magnetohydrodynamic convective boundary layer flow with the combined effects of chemical reaction and nonlinear velocity slip and linear thermal and concentration slips have been considered across a flat plate in motion. Using a non-dimensional transformation attained by the single parameter continuous group method, the governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary similarity equations, then, the solutions of the coupled system of equations are constructed for velocity, temperature, and concentration functions by using the numerical methods. Among the parameters that have been looked at are the buoyancy parameter N, the nonlinear slip parameter $${\mathrm{n}}_{1}$$

n
1

, the order of chemical reaction n, the Prandtl number Pr, and the Schmidt number Sc. An investigation was made on the profiles with respect to mixed convection parameter $$\uplambda $$
λ
, order of chemical reaction n, arbitrary index parameter $${\mathrm{n}}_{1}$$

n
1

, velocity slip parameter a, thermal slip parameter b, mass slip parameter c, suction parameter fw, magnetic parameter M. Verification of the results were possible due to comparison of two numerical methods to obtain the solution to the differential equations. The present study indicates that, for a range of values of the magnetic parameter, the wall shear stress decreases with increasing mixed convection. Moreover, for a variety of mixed convection parameter instances, the wall heat transfer decreases with increasing perpendicular magnetic effect.