bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of ammonite concretions through organic decomposition in the iron-reduction zone
Authors: Muramiya Yusuke , Yoshida Hidekazu , Katsuta Nagayoshi , Kuma Ryusei , Mikami Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The ammonites in spherical carbonate concretions often preserve their original three-dimensional (3-D) shell shapes and detailed fragile structures. However, the formation process of spherical ammonite concretions is not fully understood. Herein, the ammonite concretions identified in the Cretaceous (Campanian) Osoushinai Formation, Yezo Group, Japan, are examined to understand their formation process during soft-tissue decomposition after burial in marine sediments. In the Osoushinai Formation, almost all observed ammonites in concretions preserve their 3-D form without phragmocone deformation. The calcite filling in the remaining body chamber of ammonites (BC1) shows that shells were buried with soft tissues. These occurrences, negative δ13C values, and the near-zero δ18O values of BC1 as well as the concretions indicate that both BC1 and concretions rapidly formed from dissolved inorganic carbon derived from organic matter, including the soft tissue of dead organisms, in the shallow part of the sediments. The increasing Fe concentration in BC1 shows that BC1 formed in the iron-reduction (FeR) zone, where organic matter was decomposed owing to the activity of iron-reducing microorganisms. The similarity of the elemental and isotopic compositions of BC1 and concretions show that they concurrently formed in the FeR zone. In the Osoushinai Formation, an abundant influx of Fe(III) and intense bioturbation during the deposition of the formation promoted organic decomposition in the FeR zone, causing rapid formation of BC1 and concretions. Such rapidly formed calcite fillings and concretions protected fossils from deformation and dissolution during diagenesis to preserve their 3-D form. Overall, the findings of this study provide new insight into the relation between sedimentary environments and the fossil preservation process via rapid concretion formation.
Study of creep and creep crack growth fatigue of aging ASTM A297 / A297M-19 HP steel modified with niobium
Authors: Gatti Maria Cristina Adami , Filho Waldek Wladimir Bose , de Carvalho Marcio Correa , Ruchert Cassius Terra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The HP steel has been commonly used in structural components that work at high temperatures, up to approximately 1150 ºC, with 927 °C being a typical working temperature. In this work, the mechanical properties of ASTM A297 / A297M-19 HP steel modified with niobium were characterized at as-cast microstructural conditions and after aging at 927 ºC for 1000 hours through mechanical tests of hardness, tensile, creep, fatigue, and metallographic analyzes. It was observed that the heat treatment of aging with the time of 1000 hours at 927 ºC provided the precipitation of secondary carbides (Cr23C6) in the austenitic matrix of the alloy and the presence of G-phase. Thus, the heat treatment of aging caused intense precipitation in the interdendritic space, where the chromium carbides coalesced and became coarser. The hardness results showed an increase of hardness by approximately 17% in the aged. In the tensile tests, it was observed that the aging increased the value of the mechanical resistance parameters and decreased the total elongation to approximately 48% when compared to the values obtained in the as-cast condition. The results of the Charpy impact tests on specimens with V-notches, performed at a temperature of 25 ºC, presented values lower than the values obtained at a temperature of 927 ºC in all conditions tested. In the creep tests, for the as-cast material, small variations of the Norton Diagram's stress exponent (n) were observed in the temperature range of 871 to 1066 ºC. It was noted that at the highest temperature of 1093 ºC, the stress exponent showed a sharp decrease due to the transition into dislocation-climb controlled mechanism zone. The fatigue crack propagation tests showed that the crack propagation rate da/dN, for each condition of the material, is higher at 927 ºC than at 25 ºC since the material presented better ductility at high temperatures. In creep crack growth tests, it was observed that the lower initial stress intensity factor (Ki) applied provided a decrease in the crack growth rate in the second stage when compared to the higher Ki value. The experimental results raised in the development of this work provided values of the parameters of monotonic mechanical strengths, nucleation, and crack propagation by fatigue and creep, which are of fundamental importance for the characterization, from the perspective of time-dependent fracture mechanics, the ability of the ASTM A297 / A297M-19 HP modified with niobium to resist nucleation and crack propagation by fatigue and creep mechanisms at elevated temperatures.
Digital-analog quantum computing of fermion-boson models in superconducting circuits
Authors: KUMAR SHUBHAM , Hegade Narendra , Solano Enrique , Albarrán-Arriagada Francisco , Barrios Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a digital-analog quantum algorithm for simulating the Hubbard-Holstein model, describing strongly-correlated fermion-boson interactions, in a suitable architecture with superconducting circuits. It comprises a linear chain of qubits connected by resonators, emulating electron-electron (e-e) and electron-phonon (e-p) interactions, as well as fermion tunneling. Our approach is adequate for a digital-analog quantum computing (DAQC) of fermion-boson models including those described by the Hubbard-Holstein model. We show the reduction in the circuit depth of the DAQC algorithm, a sequence of digital steps and analog blocks, outperforming the purely digital approach. We exemplify the quantum simulation of a half-filling two-site Hubbard-Holstein model. In such example we obtain fidelities larger than 0.98, showing that our proposal is suitable to study the dynamical behavior of solid-state systems. Our proposal opens the door to computing complex systems for chemistry, materials, and high-energy physics.
Failure Analysis of a Martensitic Stainless Steel Steam Turbine Blade
Authors: Ruchert Cassius Olívio Figueiredo Terra , Carvalho Márcio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This work investigated the possible causes of premature failure of a steam turbine blade made from X20CrMo13 stainless steel. During their operation in power generation plants, the blades may suffer service failures that occur naturally or accelerated due to metallurgical or mechanical causes. In this work, one investigated the possible causes of the failure of a martensitic stainless steel turbine blade operating in a 25 MW turbine in a quenched and tempered cogeneration plant that fractured during operation. The results showed a martensitic structure with a delta ferrite content above 5%. Beach marks and fatigue striations were observed, arising from fatigue crack propagation. The tensile test showed an area reduction of 15%, probably due to carbide precipitation.

Keywords: Turbine blade; Stainless steel; Fatigue; Failure Analysis.
Bioinspired fluidic design for additive manufacturing
Authors: Shaqfeh Eric , Lipkowitz Gabriel , Krishna Navneeth , Coates Ian , DeSimone Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While resin 3D printing affords designers unprecedented geometric complexity, currently the technology struggles to find real-world adoption in manufacturing settings due to slow print speeds, poor reliability, and cumbersome support structures. The last of these are not user-friendly in numerous ways; they are materially wasteful, human labor-intensive, time-consuming to remove, damaging to surface finish, and often unreliable in ensuring printability in the first place. These limitations are fundamentally related to adhesion forces and a lack of control of fluid flow during the printing process. Current design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) industry standards do not seek to offset such forces; instead, they empirically call for reducing printing speeds and/or imposing cumbersome supporting structures. Injection continuous liquid interface production (iCLIP) is a recent approach capable of effectively nullifying such forces by injecting resin into the deadzone. The method has been demonstrated to date for the case of a single channel running through an object formed of rigid material. However, the possibility of innervating the growing object with multiple channels -- possible to engineer into the CAD design uniquely for every print by this fabrication approach -- remains unexplored. Inspired by the complex three-dimensional fluidic distribution networks engineered by biological systems across scales, in this work we define and evaluate a qualitatively new bioinspired DfAM approach to accompany iCLIP, optimally innervating the part with channels to infuse resin into the deadzone. We detail our modeling approach for both single and multiple injection sites, and for Newtonian and non-Newtonian resins. After describing our hardware implementation to evaluate our approach, we provide experimental validation for our simulation-driven injection scheme, including using both rigid and elastomeric resins. We demonstrate such a bioinspired design approach can significantly increase print speed and reduce the need for supports in a user’s 3D model. In doing so, our approach promises to enhance the scalability of resin 3D printing to hasten its adoption in real-world manufacturing settings.
Deep Learning-driven Community Resilience Rating based on Intertwined Socio-Technical Systems Features
Authors: Mostafavi Ali , kai Yin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Community resilience is a complex and muti-faceted phenomenon that emerges from complex and nonlinear interactions among different socio-technical systems and their resilience properties. However, present studies on community resilience focus primarily on vulnerability assessment and utilize index-based approaches, with limited ability to capture heterogeneous features within community socio-technical systems and their nonlinear interactions in shaping robustness, redundancy, and resourcefulness components of resilience. To address this gap, this paper presents an integrated three-layer deep learning model for community resilience rating (called Resili-Net). Twelve measurable resilience features are specified and computed within community socio-technical systems (i.e., facilities, infrastructures, and society) related to three resilience components of robustness, redundancy, and resourcefulness. Using publicly accessible data from multiple metropolitan statistical areas in the United States, Resili-Netcharacterizes the resilience levels of spatial areas into five distinct levels. The interpretability of the model outcomes enables feature analysis for specifying the determinants of resilience in areas within each resilience level, allowing for the identification of specific resilience enhancement strategies. Changes in community resilience profiles under urban development patterns are further examined by changing the value of related socio-technical systems features. Also, combined resilience-risk levels in each community are analyzed, and several communities are found to suffer from high risk and low resilience, which calls for special attention to resilience enhancement. Departing from the dominantly vulnerability-focused assessments, Resili-Net enables characterizing community resilience as an emergent property arising from nonlinear interactions among heterogeneous community features related to their socio-technical systems. Accordingly, the outcomes provide novel perspectives for community resilience assessment by harnessing machine intelligence and heterogeneous urban big data.
Effectiveness of Initial Sources of Sexual and Reproductive Health Information among Adolescent Girls in Secondary Schools at Morogoro Municipality
Authors: Kishaluli Angel , Mollel Henry A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The initial source of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) information is a fundamental determinant of how adolescent girls practice self-management. Adolescent girls are among the most vulnerable groups in society. Among the challenges they face are early pregnancies, unsafe abortions, school dropouts due to pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, this study examined the effect of initial sources of SRH information on adolescent girls in Morogoro Municipality
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was applied in which case study design was used to examine the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health information among adolescent girls in Morogoro Municipality. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires among 88 adolescent girls and 12 in-depth interviews among 6 heads of schools and 6 female teachers. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sources of sexual and reproductive health information with the facilitation of Statistical Packages for Social science (SPSS). Qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis with the aid of computer software ATLAS.ti.
Results
From analysis the findings provided that the dominant initial sources of SRH information are mothers and slightly female teachers, church leaders and television programs. The overall mean behavioral practices score was low at 1.95 ± 2.24. Four behavioral practices were not practiced by the adolescent girls namely using pregnancy prevention techniques 68 (77%), carrying out sexual transmitted diseases testing 70 (79%), seeking and using HIV/AIDS guidance and counseling services them 71(81%) and seeking and using family planning guidance and counseling services 50 (56%). Lastly, the study found that the SRH information provided initially is unreliable 55 (63%), and does not reflect their age 57 (59%), hence ineffective in helping adolescent girls conduct self-management.
Conclusion
The study concludes that adolescent girls primarily rely on mothers for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information, with some input from female teachers, church leaders, and television programs. However, they tend to overlook available HIV/AIDS guidance services due to unreliable and ineffective initial information. Improving the training of SRH information providers is crucial to enhance adolescent knowledge in this regard.
Cultural Psychology of Aesthetics: Art Viewing and Aesthetic Development in Iranian Culture
Authors: Mohammadi-Zarghan Shahin , Afhami Reza , Afshar Mehdi Keshavarz , Farahani Hojjatollah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Why is it that some find art a prickly puzzle, others a yawning expanse, while others dive into its depths with vibrant joy? Some theorists have tried to quantify this diversity of art viewership. Famously, Housen made the case for five stages of aesthetic development: (a) accountive, (b) constructive, (c) classifying, (d) interpretive, and (e) re-creative. Here, we developed and validated a 17-item measure of aesthetic development that captures these stages. In a sample from Iran (N= 917), we showed how people’s scores on these stages correlate with personality traits and other art-related constructs. Specifically, we found that individuals with higher knowledge about art and more training in the arts tend to be at a more advanced stage of aesthetic development. People who score high on openness to experience also scored higher on more advanced aesthetic development stages. These results have implications for the quantitative studies of art and aesthetics in diverse cultures.
Chapman Kolmogorov and Deep Recurrent Network Based Seamless Mobility for IOT Data Transmission in Wireless Network
Authors: Reddy Somashekhara , N Thrimoorthy , G Kadiravan , M Thurai Pandian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Next-generation wireless networks will be designed via all-IP-based network framework that ensures seamless mobility and universal access to Internet via wireless networks. Also over the past few years, wireless network has gained its popularity due to its exorbitant volume and reasonable access cost. Despite its familiarity owing to the constraint in WLAN coverage, handover between nodes may cause elevated amount of handover failures. Seamless mobility is an empirical framework that seizes prevailing circumstances of what user or node is doing, with the objective that the users inclined services are said to be optimized. To develop a smart decision-making mechanism for seamless mobility and reducing energy consumption, deep learning-enabled reconfigurable wireless network solutions are required. In this work, a new method called, Chapman Kolmogorov and Deep Recurrent Network-based (CK-DRN) IoT data transmission in wireless network is introduced to validate handoffs in pragmatic frameworks. First, with the raw data obtained from IoT device network logs, Chapman Kolmogorov Poisson Taylor Optimum Beacon-based Route Discovery algorithm is designed with the objective of ensuring seamless mobility in an energy efficient manner. Second, Deep Recurrent Network-based Data Transmission is proposed that with the aid of concurrent utilization of the numerous paths initiates numerous subflow associations covering disjoint routes and transmits via the subflows, therefore ensuring greater amount of throughput. Simulation of CK-DRN achieves Direction of Arrival (DOA) and ID oriented Socket Layer (IoSL) in terms of delay, energy saving, and throughput.
Protective role of native root-associated bacterial consortium against root-knot nematode infection in susceptible plants
Authors: Tian Yongqiang , La Shikai , Li Jiafan , Ma Si , Liu Xingqun , Gao Lihong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Root-knot nematode (RKN) is a global menace to agricultural crop production. The role of root-associated microbes (RAMs) in plant protection against RKN infection remains unclear. Here we observed that cucumber (highly susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita) exhibited a consistently lower susceptibility to M. incognita in the presence of native RAMs in three distinct soils. Nematode infection altered assembly of bacterial RAMs along the life cycle of M. incognita. Particularly, loss of bacterial diversity of RAMs exacerbated plant susceptibility to M. incognita. A diverse range of native bacterial strains isolated from M. incognita-infected roots had nematode-antagonistic activity. Increasing the number of native bacterial strains caused decreasing nematode infection, which was lowest when six or more bacterial strains were present. Multiple simplified synthetic communities consisting of six bacterial strains showed pronounced inhibitory effects on M. incognita infection in plants. These inhibitory effects were underpinned via multiple mechanisms including direct inhibition of infection, secretion of anti-nematode substances, and regulation of plant defense responses. This study highlights the role of native bacterial RAMs in plant resistance against RKNs and provides new insight into the development of a sustainable way to protect susceptible plants.
Experimental study on the influence of three diameter and centering degree of anchorage system on anchorage performance
Authors: FU Xing , LIU Tianhao , CHEN Shiwei , HAN Jun , CAO Chen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Full play of bolting anchorage performance can effectively improve the bolting effect of roadway surrounding rock and provide a strong guarantee for safety production of high yield and high efficiency mine. In the research, the mining roadway support situation of 8.0m super-high mining face in Bulianta Mine of Shendong Mining area is taken as the engineering background. Based on the theory of thick wall cylinder and laboratory experiment, the condition of anchoring surrounding rock is simulated, and the drawing experiment of anchor rod with three diameter matching and center degree isdone. By testing the parameters of drawing force, shear force and radial stress, the three-diameter matching relation of bolt support in Shendong mining area is determined, and the influence of anchor eccentricity on anchoring effect is revealed. Experimental results show that: the drawing force of anchor rod increases gradually the decrease of the ring thickness of resin anchoring agent,. Considering the site construction conditions, the resin ring thickness of Anchorage rod, drilling hole and anchorage three diameter matching in Shendong mining area should be 4~6mm. The anchoring performance varies obviously when anchor agent changes from 0 to 1, and the anchoring effect is the best when the centrality is 1.
A study on applying artificial intelligence and machine learning for modeling and predicting customer behaviors, churning and conversion
Authors: Kayyali Houssam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Digital companies have become an important provider of items, products, and services and they are increasingly replacing traditional markets. The growth of this business has created a heated competition among digital companies to extend their customer base and increase revenue. For this purpose, digital companies are now aware of the importance of gaining new customers and more importantly, maintaining existing customers as acquiring new customers is more expensive than retaining existing customers. That is why e-companies do their best to build strong bonds with their customers and support all efforts to predict possible churners and take proactive actions towards potential churners.
In this paper we will build a framework based on time-series Markov model that performs both potential churn customers prediction and predicts visitors who tend to exit from the e-company without making purchases. Markov model is a statistical model able to observe states in temporal patterns of data. Proposed model will be implemented on public dataset called “RecSys2015” and we will compare its results with other algorithms for benchmarking.
Combine MHD, chemical reaction, Slip effects and endoscopy analysis on couple stress fluid of particle-fluid suspension induced by peristaltic wave
Authors: Ahmed M. M. , Eldesoky I. M. , Nasr Ahmed.G , Abumandour Ramzy M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study delves into the intricate dynamics of fluid behavior within a peristaltic flow tube, specifically tailored for endoscopic applications. We examine the multifaceted influence of several critical factors, such as magnetic fields, porous media properties, heat transfer, chemical reaction ,slip conditions, and solid particles, on this fluid's flow. To simplify our analysis, we employ long-wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations to our mathematical models. Our findings are communicated through visual representations, illustrating their effects on key flow characteristics, including axial velocity, pressure gradients, heat transfer profiles, concentration profiles, and streamlines Our research not only deepens our understanding of peristaltic flows but also provides valuable insights to improve fluid transport in medical endoscopy, ultimately enhancing patient care and medical procedures. It is worth mentioning that as the magnetic field strength increases, the fluid velocity decreases. Conversely, when the pressure difference and particle velocity increase, and the couple stress parameters decrease, they boost fluid flow and lower the pressure difference.