bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual, psychological and dyadic qualities of the prostate cancer ‘couple’
Authors: Soloway Cynthia T. , Soloway Mark S. , Kim Sandy S. , Kava Bruce R. 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVESTo examine the levels of sexual, psychological and dyadic functioning of the prostate cancer ‘couple’ (as studies have shown that spouses/partners play an integral role in the patient's adjustment to prostate cancer treatment), to encourage the creation of innovative psychosexual interventions to be used in the outpatient setting, and to offer insights into a novel area of prostate cancer research.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 103 men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, and their partners, were assessed in an academic outpatient setting using instruments measuring sexual function, depressed mood, psychological distress and dyadic adjustment.RESULTSThe partners’ mean scores on sexual function questions were 55.75, significantly higher than those of the patients (51.7, P = 0.018), showing that partners perceived their sexual performance at a better level. Partners’ mean scores on the depression and distress measures were also significantly higher. On those items that monitored the accuracy of the patients’ perceptions of their sexual function, partners rated the patients significantly lower in ability to gain erections (patient/partner means 2.67/4.52; P < 0.001) and to perform sexually (patient/partner means 1.38/4.68; P < 0.001) than they rated themselves.CONCLUSIONSInformation from this study could be useful in constructing interventions that allow the physician and the prostate cancer ‘couple’ to reflect on issues of sexual function and psychological distress that might once have been considered taboo. The results characterize the disparities between patients with prostate cancer and their partners on self‐reported questionnaires, and underscore how important it is to hear the voice of the ‘couple’.
A comparison of the pathology of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and upper urinary tract
Authors: Stewart Grant D. , Bariol Simon V. , Grigor Ken M. , Tolley David A. , McNeill S. Alan 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVETo clarify the histopathological patterns of upper and lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs), as previous reports suggest that upper urinary tract TCCs have a greater tendency towards high‐grade disease than bladder TCCs, of which most are low‐grade and low‐stage tumours.PATIENTS AND METHODSAll patients presenting with TCC of bladder or upper urinary tract between February 1991 and December 2001 at one institution were identified. Further patient information was obtained from the hospital database and case‐note review.RESULTSIn all, 164 patients with upper urinary tract TCC and 2197 with bladder TCC were identified. There was a correlation between grade and stage of both upper urinary tract and bladder TCCs. 35% of the upper tract TCCs were classified as grade 2 and 44% as grade 3, while for bladder TCCs, 31% of lesions were classified as grade 2 and 35% as grade 3 (P = 0.003). Of the upper urinary tract lesions 33% were stage pT2–T4, compared with only 20% of bladder TCCs (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSUpper urinary tract TCC is a higher grade and stage disease than bladder cancer, a finding that emphasizes the need for aggressive treatment of upper urinary tract TCC. If endourological management of upper urinary tract TCC is considered, histopathological determination of tumour grade before treatment is essential.
The laparoscopic management of intersex patients: the preferred approach
Authors: Dénes Francisco T. , Cocuzza Marcelo A.S. , Schneider‐Monteiro Edison D. , Silva Frederico A.Q. , Costa Elaine M.F. , Mendonca Berenice B. , Arap Sami 
Published: March 2005

In the world's largest series of patients with intersex treated by laparoscopy, authors from Sao Paulo found that this technique allowed easy identification and removal of gonads. They also found that other organs could be removed and genitoplasty performed.OBJECTIVETo present possibly the largest series of the use of laparoscopy for treating intersex patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSFifty intersex patients (34 with male and two with female pseudohermaphroditism, nine with gonadal dysgenesis, four with true hermaphroditism, and one with complex hypospadias), aged 0.5–46 years (mean 18.3), underwent laparoscopy to remove gonads and/or ductal structures incompatible with the social gender, or for gonadal tumour or a potential risk for malignancy. When necessary, genitoplasty was performed concomitantly.RESULTSAt the laparoscopic evaluation, 10 gonads of six patients were absent, while four were identified as ‘vanishing’; 72 gonads (46 dysgenetic, 17 normal testes, one normal ovary, one ovotestis, seven gonadoblastomas or dysgerminomas) were removed; two ovotestes were replaced in the scrotum after removing the ovarian segment, as was one normal testis. Twelve patients with a urogenital sinus had its vaginal component removed, 11 including a hysterectomy. Three of these patients had a combined perineal approach to complete its removal, together with masculinizing genitoplasty. There were no intraoperative complications or conversions; two patients had complications after surgery.CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopy allows the straightforward identification and removal of gonads. All abnormal ductal structures must be removed, as this increases the chance of resecting unidentified gonads. Removing the uterus and vaginal component of the urogenital sinus in patients with male social sex is feasible, with low morbidity. Genitoplasty, according to the social sex, can be performed in the same procedure.
Predictive factors of ultrasonographic involution of prenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney
Authors: Rabelo Eli Armando S. , Oliveira Eduardo A. , Silva Guilherme Souza , Pezzuti Isabela Leite , Tatsuo Edson Samesina 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate possible predictive factors of involution on ultrasonography (US) or disappearance of a prenatally detected multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).PATIENTS AND METHODSForty‐five children with unilateral MCDK detected by prenatal ultrasonography between 1989 and 2002 were analysed. All patients except one had99mTc isotopic scintigraphy to confirm the absence of renal function in the MCDK. All children were managed conservatively with follow‐up visits every 6 months, with US 6‐monthly during the first 2 years of life and yearly thereafter. Survival was analysed using the Kaplan‐Meier method to evaluate the involution of the MCDK, with differences between subgroups assessed using the two‐sided log‐rank test. Cox's regression model was applied for the multivariate analysis.RESULTSThe mean (range) follow‐up was 50 (12–167)  months; in all, 279 ultrasonograms were taken, the mean (range) number per patient being 6 (3–10). US showed partial involution of the MCDK in 30 (67%) cases and complete involution in nine (20%). The absolute MCDK length remained almost unchanged in six children (13%). Univariate analysis showed that four variables were possibly associated with complete involution of the MCDK (gender, impalpable kidney, renal length at admission using two thresholds, 62 and 78 mm). After adjusting by Cox's model only a renal length at diagnosis of <62 mm remained associated with complete involution (relative risk 8, 95% confidence interval 0.98–68;P = 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that only a renal length of <62 mm on initial US was predictive of complete involution of the MCDK during the follow‐up.
Serious parasport injuries in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Christey Grant R 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectives:  ‘Parasports’ comprise parachuting, skydiving, paragliding, parapenting, parascending, parasailing and hang‐gliding, and may involve rapid deceleration on landing. The aims of this study were to determine the spectrum of parasport‐related trauma presenting to Auckland City Hospital and to make recommendations to reduce further injury.Methods:  The Auckland City Hospital Trauma Registry was used to identify all patients requiring admission with serious injury as a result of parasport incidents over an 8‐year period. Demographic and injury‐related data were then analysed.Results:  Parachuting/skydiving was responsible for 66% of all serious parasport injuries and 96% of patients were men. Fractures of the lower limbs and lumbar spine were the predominant injuries. Misjudgement of landing speed and attitude resulting in injurious landing forces were the usual causes of injury.Conclusions:  The magnitude of serious parasport‐related trauma is greater than that indicated by previous studies in New Zealand. Appropriate use of protective clothing and close attention to safe flight planning and landing techniques may reduce the injury rate without degrading the experience of flight.
Pilot study for the development of a new campylobacter selective medium at 37°C using aztreonam
Authors: Thomas G D 
Published: March 2005

Aims:To overcome contamination and temperature inhibition by isolating campylobacter at 37°C.Methods:The β lactam antibiotic aztreonam was included in a selective medium because of its inhibitory activity against Gram negative organisms but not againstCampylobacter jejuni. Vancomycin and amphotericin were added to inhibit Gram positive bacteria and yeasts.Results:The aztreonam amphotericin vancomycin (AAV) experimental campylobacter selective medium showed growth microaerobically at 37°C ofC jejuni,C coli,C lari,C hyointestinalis,C fetus subsp. fetus, andC jejuni subsp. doyleiafter 24 to 48 hours of incubation. Six campylobacter NCTC strains demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ⩾ 256 mg/litre for vancomycin and aztreonam, whereasC upsaliensisand two “campylobacter-like” strains now reclassified under genus helicobacter—H cinaediandH fennelliae—had a MIC of 4 mg/litre for vancomycin and aztreonam. In the pilot study (150 samples), AAV medium (37°C) had a higher sensitivity for isolating campylobacters: 14 were isolated on AAV compared with 10 on modified CDA (43°C) over three days, and nine were isolated on AAV medium compared with five on modified CDA (43°C) after 24 hours of incubation. Contamination rates remained low.Conclusion:The medium was devised in a pilot study performed between 1990 and 1993; however, this is the first report of AAV medium used as a selective medium capable of growing six campylobacters of pathogenic importance at 37°C. Further studies are indicated.
Immunodetection of SV40 large T antigen in human central nervous system tumours: Figure 1
Authors: Sabatier J , Uro-Coste E , Benouaich A , Boetto S , Gigaud M , Tremoulet M , Delisle M-B , Galateau-Sallé F , Brousset P 
Published: March 2005

Background/Aims:DNA sequences from Simian virus 40 (SV40) have been previously isolated from various human tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to investigate a series of tumours of the CNS for the expression of the SV40 large T antigen (Tag), which is an oncogenic protein of the virus.Methods:A French series of 82 CNS tumours was investigated for Tag expression using a monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemistry. A Tag positive hepatocellular carcinoma cell line from transgenic mice and a kidney biopsy from a patient infected by SV40 were used as positive controls.Results:None of the tumours (20 ependymomas, 20 glioblastomas, 12 oligodendrogliomas, three plexus choroid adenomas, two plexus choroid carcinomas, 15 meningiomas, and 10 medulloblastomas) contained SV40 Tag positive cells.Conclusions:The lack of SV40 Tag in 82 CNS tumours of various types is at variance with previous studies from different countries, and suggests that the virus may not be an important factor in CNS tumorigenesis, at least in French cases.
Inflammation and cytokeratin 7/20 staining of cardiac mucosa in young patients with and withoutHelicobacter pyloriinfection
Authors: Oksanen A , Sankila A , von Boguslawski K , Sipponen P , Rautelin H 
Published: March 2005

Background:BothHelicobacter pyloriand gastro–oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) may cause inflammation in cardiac mucosa. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is found more often in GORD associated inflammation than in inflammation caused byH pylori, especially in young individuals.Aim:To examine morphological differences in chronic inflammation in these two conditions by immunohistochemistry.Patients/Methods:Tissue blocks from cardiac mucosa of patients <45 years were available as follows: 10 patients with chronic inflammation of cardiac mucosa (carditis) andH pylorigastritis (group 1); 10 patients with (possibly GORD related) carditis, but normal antrum and corpus (group 2); and 10 patients with non-inflamed cardiac mucosa and normal antrum and corpus (group 3). Haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for various inflammatory cells were performed for patients in groups 1 and 2 as follows: CD20 (B cells), CD3 (T cells), CD4 (T helper cells), CD8 (T suppressor cells), CD163 (macrophages), CD138 (plasma cells), and CD117 (mast cells). For all patients, cytokeratin 7/20 (CK7/20) staining was performed.Results:No clear differences were seen in the morphology of chronic inflammation between groups 1 and 2. In both, plasma cells were most abundant. CK7/20 staining showed no differences between these groups.Conclusion:Helicobacter pylorinegative (possibly GORD associated) andH pylorirelated carditis cannot be distinguished on a morphological basis. The stronger tendency towards IM in the first entity cannot be explained by differences in the type of inflammation. Barrett-type CK7/20 staining seems typical for cardiac mucosa, irrespective of the type of inflammation or presence of IM.
Visually Induced Auditory Expectancy in Music Reading: A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Study
Authors: Schön Daniele , Besson Mireille 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The general aim of this experiment was to investigate the processes involved in reading musical notation and to study the relationship between written music and its auditory representation. It was of main interest to determine whether musicians are able to develop expectancies for specific tonal or atonal auditory events based on visual score alone. Can musicians expect an “atonal” event or will it always sound odd? Moreover, it was of interest to determine whether the modulations in amplitude of a late positive component (P600) described in previous studies are linked to a general mismatch detection process or to specific musical expectancies. Results showed clearly that musicians are able to expect tonal auditory endings based on visual information and are also able to do so for atonal endings, although to a smaller extent. Strong interactions seem to exist between visual and auditory musical codes and visual information seems to influence auditory processing as early as 100 msec. These results are directly relevant for the question of whether music reading is actually music perception.
Functional Connectivity: Integrating Behavioral, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Sets
Authors: Baird Abigail A. , Colvin Mary K. , VanHorn John D. , Inati Souheil , Gazzaniga Michael S. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In the present study, we combined 2 types of magnetic resonance technology to explore individual differences on a task that required the recognition of objects presented from unusual viewpoints. This task was chosen based on previous work that has established the necessity of information transfer from the right parietal cortex to the left inferior cortex for its successful completion. We used reaction times (RTs) to localize regions of cortical activity in the superior parietal and inferior frontal regions (blood oxygen level-dependent [BOLD] response) that were more active with longer response times. These regions were then sampled, and their signal change used to predict individual differences in structural integrity of white matter in the corpus callosum (using diffusion tensor imaging). Results show that shorter RTs (and associated increases in BOLD response) are associated with increased organization in the splenium of the corpus callosum, whereas longer RTs are associated with increased organization in the genu.
How Position, Velocity, and Temporal Information Combine in the Prospective Control of Catching: Data and Model
Authors: Dessing Joost C. , Peper C. (Lieke) E. , Bullock Daniel , Beek Peter J. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The cerebral cortex contains circuitry for continuously computing properties of the environment and one's body, as well as relations among those properties. The success of complex perceptuomotor performances requires integrated, simultaneous use of such relational information. Ball catching is a good example as it involves reaching and grasping of visually pursued objects that move relative to the catcher. Although integrated neural control of catching has received sparse attention in the neuroscience literature, behavioral observations have led to the identification of control principles that may be embodied in the involved neural circuits. Here, we report a catching experiment that refines those principles via a novel manipulation. Visual field motion was used to perturb velocity information about balls traveling on various trajectories relative to a seated catcher, with various initial hand positions. The experiment produced evidence for a continuous, prospective catching strategy, in which hand movements are planned based on gaze-centered ball velocity and ball position information. Such a strategy was implemented in a new neural model, which suggests how position, velocity, and temporal information streams combine to shape catching movements. The model accurately reproduces the main and interaction effects found in the behavioral experiment and provides an interpretation of recently observed target motion-related activity in the motor cortex during interceptive reaching by monkeys. It functionally interprets a broad range of neurobiological and behavioral data, and thus contributes to a unified theory of the neural control of reaching to stationary and moving targets.
Behavioral Change and Its Neural Correlates in Visual Agnosia After Expertise Training
Authors: Behrmann Marlene , Marotta Jonathan , Gauthier Isabel , Tarr Michael J. , McKeeff Thomas J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAgnosia, the impairment in object and face recognition despite intact vision and intelligence, is one of the most intriguing and debilitating neuropsychological deficits. The goal of this study was to determine whether S.M., an individual with longstanding visual agnosia and concomitant prosopagnosia, can be retrained to perform visual object recognition and, if so, what neural substrates mediate this reacquisition. Additionally, of interest is the extent to which training on one type of visual stimulus generalizes to other visual stimuli, as this informs our understanding of the organization of ventral visual cortex. Greebles were chosen as the stimuli for retraining given that, in neurologically normal individuals, these stimuli can engage the fusiform face area. Posttraining, S.M. showed significant improvement in recognizing Greebles, although he did not attain normal levels of performance. He was also able to recognize untrained Greebles and showed improvement in recognizing common objects. Surprisingly, his performance on face recognition, albeit poor initially, was even more impaired following training. A comparison of preand postintervention functional neuroimaging data mirrored the behavioral findings: Face-selective voxels in the fusiform gyrus prior to training were no longer so and were, in fact, more Greeble-selective. The findings indicate potential for experience-dependent dynamic reorganization in agnosia with the possibility that residual neural tissue, with limited capacity, will compete for representations.
An Event-related Potential Study of Selective Auditory Attention in Children and Adults
Authors: Coch Donna , Sanders Lisa D. , Neville Helen J. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In a dichotic listening paradigm, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to linguistic and nonlinguistic probe stimuli embedded in 2 different narrative contexts as they were either attended or unattended. In adults, the typical N1 attention effect was observed for both types of probes: Probes superimposed on the attended narrative elicited an enhanced negativity compared to the same probes when unattended. Overall, this sustained attention effect was greater over medial and left lateral sites, but was more posteriorly distributed and of longer duration for linguistic as compared to nonlinguistic probes. In contrast, in 6-to 8-year-old children the ERPs were morphologically dissimilar to those elicited in adults and children displayed a greater positivity to both types of probe stimuli when embedded in the attended as compared to the unattended narrative. Although both adults and children showed attention effects beginning at about 100 msec, only adults displayed left-lateralized attention effects and a distinct, posterior distribution for linguistic probes. These results suggest that the attentional networks indexed by this task continue to develop beyond the age of 8 years.
Torques and the Related Meridional and Vertical Fluxes of Axial Angular Momentum
Authors: Egger Joseph , Hoinka Klaus-Peter 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The budget equation of the zonally averaged angular momentum is analyzed by introducing belts of 1000-km width to cover the meridional plane from pole to pole up to an altitude of 28 km. Using ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) data the fluxes of angular momentum are evaluated as well as the mountain and friction torques per belt. Generalized streamfunctions and velocity potentials are introduced to better depict the fluxes related to the angular momentum transferred at the ground during an event of mountain or friction torque.
The variance of the total flux divergence per belt is one order of magnitude larger than those of the torques. All variances peak at midlatitudes. As a rule, the structure of the generalized streamfunctions changes little during an event; that is, the structure of the nondivergent part of the fluxes is stable. That of the divergent part, as represented by the velocity potential, undergoes a rapid change near the peak of a torque event. Positive friction torque events in midlatitude belts are preceded by a divergence of angular momentum fluxes in that belt, which is linked to the anticyclonic mass circulation needed to induce the positive torque. The divergence in the belt breaks down shortly before the torque is strongest. Angular momentum is transported upward from the ground after that. Much of the angular momentum generated in a midlatitude belt by positive mountain torques is transported out of the domain, but there is also a short burst of upward transports. Angular momentum anomalies linked to torque events near the equator tend to be symmetric with respect to the equator. Related fluxes affect the midlatitudes of both hemispheres.