bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Fabrication of Hollow Nanoporous Carbon Architectures by Controlling MOF Crystalline Inhomogeneity for Ultra‐Stable Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zheng Ze‐Lin , Wu Ming‐Min , Zeng Xian , Zhu Xiao‐Wei , Luo Dong , Chen Xue‐Ling , Chen Yan‐Fei , Yang Guo‐Zhan , Bin De‐Shan , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHollow nanoporous carbon architectures (HNCs) present significant utilitarian value for a wide variety of applications. Facile and efficient preparation of HNCs has long been pursued but still remains challenging. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate that single‐component metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) crystals, rather than the widely reported hybrid ones which necessitate tedious operations for preparation, could enable the facile and versatile syntheses of functional HNCs. By controlling the growth kinetics, the MOFs crystals (STU‐1) are readily engineered into different shapes with designated styles of crystalline inhomogeneity. A subsequent one‐step pyrolysis of these MOFs with intraparticle difference can induce a simultaneous self‐hollowing and carbonization process, thereby producing various functional HNCs including yolk‐shell polyhedrons, hollow microspheres, mesoporous architectures, and superstructures. Superior to the existing methods, this synthetic strategy relies only on the complex nature of single‐component MOFs crystals without involving tedious operations like coating, etching, or ligand exchange, making it convenient, efficient, and easy to scale up. An ultra‐stable Na‐ion battery anode is demonstrated by the HNCs with extraordinary cyclability (93 % capacity retention over 8000 cycles), highlighting a high level of functionality of the HNCs.
pKa as a Predictive Descriptor for Electrochemical Anion Adsorption
Authors: Hasan Mohammad H. , McCrum Ian T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe adsorption of anions onto metal surfaces is important in many applications including effective (electro)catalyst design, metal surface modification, and contaminant removal in wastewater treatment. In electrocatalysis, anions can be both reactive intermediates or site‐blocking spectators, where their adsorption strength therefore dictates the rate of reaction. In this work, we have measured the adsorption energy of a series of carboxylic acids on a Pt (111) single‐crystal electrode surface from aqueous solution. We find that the adsorption strength of the carboxylate anion is linearly correlated with its acid‐dissociation constant (pKa) and therefore the heterolytic O−H bond dissociation strength in solution. Using density functional theory modeling, we split the anion adsorption energy into a sum of the adsorption energy and electron affinity of a neutral (carboxyl) radical. Surprisingly, the adsorption energy of the carboxyl radicals are similar and therefore the large difference in electron affinity is what dictates anion adsorption strength; the greater the cost in energy to remove the electron from the anion upon adsorption, the weaker its binding. Therefore, at least within a class of anions with similar structure and surface binding atoms, both electron affinity and acidity are predictive descriptors of adsorption strength.
Ir‐Doped CuPd Single‐Crystalline Mesoporous Nanotetrahedrons for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Electrocatalysis: Enhanced Selective Cleavage of C−C Bond
Authors: Lv Hao , Mao Yumeng , Yao Huiqin , Ma Huazhong , Han Chenyu , Yang Yao‐Yue , Qiao Zhen‐An , Liu Ben 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for complete oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) in direct EG fuel cells is of decisive importance to hold higher energy efficiency. Despite some achievements, their progress, especially electrocatalytic selectivity to complete oxidated C1 products, is remarkably slower than expected. In this work, we developed a facile aqueous synthesis of Ir‐doped CuPd single‐crystalline mesoporous nanotetrahedrons (Ir‐CuPd SMTs) as high‐performance electrocatalyst for promoting oxidation cleavage of C−C bond in alkaline EG oxidation reaction (EGOR) electrocatalysis. The synthesis relied on precise reduction/co‐nucleation and epitaxial growth of Ir, Cu and Pd precursors with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as the mesopore‐forming surfactant and extra Br− as the facet‐selective agent under ambient conditions. The products featured concave nanotetrahedron morphology enclosed by well‐defined (111) facets, single‐crystalline and mesoporous structure radiated from the center, and uniform elemental composition without any phase separation. Ir‐CuPd SMTs disclosed remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability as well as superior selectivity of C1 products for alkaline EGOR electrocatalysis. Detailed mechanism studies demonstrated that performance improvement came from structural and compositional synergies, which kinetically accelerated transports of electrons/reactants within active sites of penetrated mesopores and facilitated oxidation cleavage of high‐energy‐barrier C−C bond of EG for desired C1 products. More interestingly, Ir‐CuPd SMTs performed well in coupled electrocatalysis of anode EGOR and cathode nitrate reduction, highlighting its high potential as bifunctional electrocatalyst in various applications.
Preparation of light‐responsive block copolymer modified cellulose nanocrystal@polydopamine particle and its application in fluorinated polyacrylate film
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Li Yan , Li Sitong , Zhou Mengyuan , Lu Kai , Yu Jiarui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLight‐responsive cellulose nanocrystal@polydopamine (CNC@PDA) modified fluorinated polyacrylate was synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization with light‐responsive block copolymer modified CNC@PDA as stabilizer. The epoxy groups in poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)‐b‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate‐co‐coumarin) amphiphilic triblock copolymer reacted with the hydroxyl and amino groups on the surface of CNC@PDA to form the modified CNC@PDA. The successful preparation of modified CNC@PDA was confirmed by means of FT‐IR, XRD, TG, UV–Vis, surface tension measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results showed that the modified CNC@PDA had light‐responsive and amphiphilic properties, and could be used as stabilizer to form stable Pickering emulsion. And the influence of modified CNC@PDA dosage on emulsion polymerization and film performance was systematically studied. The latex particle size decreased initially with increasing modified CNC@PDA dosage, from 0.6 to 1.0 wt%, and then increased. The mechanical, self‐healing, and water–oil repellent properties of film were enhanced initially with increasing modified CNC@PDA dosage, from 0.6 to 1.0 wt%, and then declined. Atomic force microscope confirmed that the latex film had a rough surface. Moreover, the latex film comprising 1.0 wt% modified CNC@PDA presented not only high tensile strength (4.92 MPa), large elongation at break (657.70%), and superior oil/water repellency but also excellent self‐healing property.
Variation in harms and benefits of prostate‐specific antigen screening for prostate cancer by socio‐clinical risk factors: A rapid review
Authors: Tesfai Abel , Norori Natalia , Harding Thomas A. , Wong Yui Hang , Hobbs Matthew David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the latest evidence on the relative harms and benefits of screening and diagnostic pathways with close examination of (i) men aged 50 years or older, (ii) men whose ethnicity places them at higher risk and (iii) men with a family history.MethodsWe conducted a literature search using PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases and other sources, from January 1990 to 25 January 2023. Two independent reviewers selected for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies which met our inclusion criteria.ResultsTwenty‐eight articles were selected, from six trials, including the Göteborg trial—reported separately from European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based screening led to the increased detection of low‐grade cancer and reduction of advanced/metastatic disease but had contradictory effects on prostate cancer (PCa)‐specific mortality (no difference or reduced), possibly due to issues of contamination or compliance. Screening men from a relatively young age (50–55) reduced risk of PCa‐specific mortality in a subanalysis of an 18‐year follow‐up study and in a 17‐year cohort study from the main Göteborg trial. Moreover, one Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial analysis reported a trend of reduced risk of PCa‐specific mortality for men with a family history who were screened. [Correction added on 05 March 2024, after first online publication: “Cancer Screening Trial” has been added to the preceding sentence.] However, we did not find relevant studies for ethnicity.ConclusionUnder current UK practice, the choice to conduct a PSA test relies on a shared decision‐making approach guided by known risk factors. However, we found there was a lack of strong evidence on the harms and benefits of PSA screening by socio‐clinical risk factors and suggest further research is required to understand the long‐term impact of screening on high‐risk populations in the current diagnostic setting.
Molecular dyad exhibiting strong multi‐resonance blue fluorescence
Authors: Jhun Byung Hak , You Youngmin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA multi‐resonance (MR) fluorophore exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) holds a significant promise for enhancing the utility of organic light‐emitting devices. To meet this demand, we have devised molecular dyads having azaoxaborin MR emitters based on homochiral (R)‐ and (S)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol. The synthesized 12,12′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9′‐bi(8,8′‐dioxa‐4b,4′b‐diaza‐14b,14′b‐diborafluorantheno[1,2,3‐de]tetracene) products (TBNBOCz) exhibit strong blue fluorescence, with a remarkable 100% fluorescence quantum yield and an extremely narrow full width at half‐maximum of 22 nm. However, unexpectedly, TBNBOCz exhibits negligible electric circular dichroism and CPL activities. Chiroptical investigations into the reaction precursors reveals an occurrence of racemization in the borylation step. This result emphasizes the importance of understanding synthetic processes and their impact on the chiroptical properties.
Induced Absolute Configuration of Achiral Tetradentate Ligands in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Fu Hong‐Ru , Ren Dan‐Dan , Zhang Kun , Chen Hong , Lu Xiaoyan , Ding Qing‐Rong , Ma Lu‐Fang 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe crystallization of chiral molecules is of great significance to understand the origin and evolution of hierarchical chirality and reveal the relationships between structural chirality and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity. Here, we report two pairs of chiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (DCF‐17/LCF‐17, DCF‐18/LCF‐18) by utilizing tetradentate ligands tetra(3‐imidazoylphenyl)ethylene (TIPE) and 4,4'‐[4',5'‐bis[4‐(4‐pyridinyl)phenyl][1,1':2',1”‐terphenyl]‐4,4”‐diyl]bis[pyridine] (TPPP) as linkers. It can be observed that the spontaneous resolution of the achiral ligands is converted into the induced resolution, and the ligands form the absolute configuration by using enantiopure camphoric acid (cam) as chiral induced reagent (CIR). As a result, the racemate MOFs can be driven to generate absolute homochiral crystallization. Another two achiral MOFs [Cd(D‐cam)(TPPP)0.5] (AF‐1, AF = achiral framework) and [Cd(L‐cam)(TPPP)0.5] (AF‐2) were prepared. The position disorder of D/L‐cam skeleton causes the generation of nonchiralization, further leading to disappearance of symmetry breaking of TPPP. For the perspective of structure, this is the first report which reveals the chiral transfer and nonchiralization between chiral induced agents and tetradentate ligands. Besides, DCF‐17 and LCF‐17 show CPL with luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of –1.0 × 10‐2 and +9.2 × 10–3, respectively. This work provides the useful evidences to reveal the induced chiral crystallization and the construction of CPL‐active crystalline materials.
Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from directors' and officers' liability insurance
Authors: Xia Hui , Ling Shixian , Liu Zhangxin (Frank) , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTheoretical theories underpin the governance effect of directors' and officers' (D&O) liability insurance include agency costs and stakeholder interests. Motivated by mixed evidence on the corporate governance effects of D&O, we ask whether and how the directors' and officers' (D&O) liability insurance affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in China, one of the largest and fastest growing economies in the world. We develop two contrasting hypotheses: (1) supervision and incentives versus (2) opportunism. To test these hypotheses, we rely on Chinese A‐share market data and fixed effect panel regressions, along with a battery of robustness checks, including Heckman sample selection bias, two‐stage least square instrumental variable (2SLS‐IV), difference‐in‐difference (DiD), propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. Consistent with supervision and incentives hypotheses and stakeholder theory, we find that D&O liability insurance significantly increases firm's CSR performance and firms renewing D&O liability insurance with the same insurers tend to have better CSR performance. Two possible mechanisms supporting this positive relation between D&O liability insurance and CSR performance are information transparency and accounting conservatism. Aside from theoretical contributions, our findings offer important practical contributions such as promoting D&O as external governance and ensuring the functions of D&O insurance comprehensively and correctly understood. Integrating D&O insurance with CSR can be viewed as an important business strategy by mitigating risks, enhancing reputation, ensuring legal compliance, and supporting responsible decision‐making.
−COOH & −OH Condensation Reaction Utilization for Biomass FDCA‐based Polyesters
Authors: Yi Jing , Dai Yuze , Li Yuxuan , Zhao Yuhao , Wu Yuanpeng , Jiang Min , Zhou Guangyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA green and sustainable −COOH & −OH condensation solution polymerization method was hereby reported for FDCA‐based polyesters to avoid discoloration and toxic solvents. First, taking poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF) as the representative of FDCA‐based polyester, enabling good white appearance PEF with Mn=6.51×103 g mol−1 from FDCA and ethylene glycol in green solvent γ‐valerolactone (GVL), catalyzed by 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N’‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Additionally, the molecular weight of PEF was rapidly improved (Mn >2.5×104 g mol−1) via remelting polycondensation within minutes, with the dispersity still kept relatively low dispersity (Đ<1.40). Importantly, the −COOH & −OH condensation solution polymerization method was successfully applied for the synthesis of various FDCA‐based polyesters, including diols with varying carbon chain lengths (3 to 11 carbons) and cycloalkyl diols, especially the applicability of this method to diols containing C=C double bonds, which was found to exhibit low heat resistance. Lastly, assisting with 13C labeled 1,4‐succinic acid and in‐situ 13C‐NMR, an in‐depth study of the possible catalytic mechanism was proposed, by which, EDC activated FDCA, and then DMAP catalyzed it with diol to yield macromolecular chain of polyester. Overall, the results provided a green and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of FDCA‐based polyesters.
Sensitivity calculation for Monte Carlo particle simulations of neutrals in the plasma edge
Authors: Horsten Niels , Carli Stefano , Dekeyser Wouter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlgorithmic differentiation (AD) is a promising tool to accurately and efficiently compute sensitivities of several code outputs w.r.t. the code input parameters for the complex Monte Carlo code EIRENE. We illustrate the procedure by assessing the sensitivity of the total atom content w.r.t. the atomic and molecular cross‐sections and rate coefficients. AD does not suffer from decorrelation between primal and perturbed particle trajectories, which easily happens for finite difference (FD) sensitivity calculations. Consequently, the resulting statistical errors on AD sensitivities are up to five orders of magnitude smaller than the statistical errors on FD sensitivities for a JET low‐recycling background plasma. Although this statistical error reduction is promising for the application of the AD sensitivities in a future optimization or uncertainty quantification framework, we show that the AD sensitivities can blow up for a minority of long‐lived particles, especially occurring in detachment. Finally, we conclude that the Monte Carlo simulation and estimator type possibly need to be adapted to improve the accuracy of the sensitivities.
Fusion of old and new: Employing touch imprint slides for next generation sequencing in solid tumors
Authors: Aydin Mericoz Cisel , Eren Ozgur Can , Kulac Ibrahim , Firat Pinar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCytomorphological evaluation of tissue touch imprints during rapid on‐site evaluation or intraoperative pathology consultation has crucial value. However, literature on their utility for molecular testing is limited. In this study, we emphasize a further benefit of touch imprint slides and scrutinize our institutional experience on their use in molecular testing, specifically next generation sequencing (NGS).Materials and MethodsNGS‐based reports (2019–2023) of Koç University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed and circumstances in which sequencing was conducted on touch imprint slides were retrieved (n = 18). Type/location of the biopsy, diagnosis, results, and quality metrics were recorded.ResultsTouch imprints were addressed when they harbored more neoplastic cells compared with permanent biopsies, when suboptimal fixation mitigated deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) yield in resections or when the sample was obtained from bone and required decalcification. Diagnoses were diverse, namely non‐small‐cell lung cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, glial tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and carcinoma of unknown primary. The percentage of tumor cells on slides stretched between 15% and 70%. Molecular findings ranged from KRAS mutations to TRIM1::NTRK2 and EWSR::FLI1 fusions. For five cases, sequencing did not yield any alteration, one study was not completed because it did not yield high‐quality RNA.ConclusionTouch imprint slides provide a reliable alternative, especially when neoplastic cells are scarce in permanent biopsies or decalcification deters nucleic acid quality. Based on our experience, we suggest making touch imprints on a routine basis, especially for every bone biopsy. Once digitally scanned duplicates are made, original slides can be safely used for DNA‐/RNA‐based molecular studies.
A case of anal canal carcinoma with pagetoid spread that was curatively resected by multiple endoscopic and surgical treatments
Authors: Furuta Koichi , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Kano Yuki , Sakuno Takashi , Ono Kohei , Minato Yohei , Nakajima Kentaro , Miura Sakiko , Morikawa Teppei , Ohata Ken 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 57‐year‐old woman with no significant medical history was referred after a colonoscopy for abdominal distension, which revealed a tumor in the lower rectum. Pre‐operative colonoscopy showed the tumor was 12 mm in size, located from the anorectal junction to beyond the dentate line, and was diagnosed as high‐grade intramucosal neoplasia or shallow submucosal invasive cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed, and the lesion was resected en bloc. Pathological examination revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with tubulovillous adenoma. The stratified squamous epithelium adjacent to the anal side of the lesion showed pagetoid spread of atypical cells with positive horizontal margins. We referred her to a surgeon for radical treatment. The mucosa surrounding the endoscopic submucosal dissection scar was normal on narrow‐band imaging magnification. We marked its oral side endoscopically as the resected boundary. Transanal local excision was performed. The horizontal margins were positive because atypical cells had spread into the stratified squamous epithelium of the anorectal side of the lesion. The patient was followed on an outpatient basis. Sixty days postoperatively, residual tumor growth was observed. The second local resection was performed after mapping biopsy. All resection margins were negative, there was no lymphovascular invasion. One year after surgery, no recurrence was observed. Regarding endoscopic findings, there are no reports of endoscopic findings of the rectal mucosa, or the squamous epithelium of the anus of pagetoid spread. Here, we report a review of perianal Paget's Disease that resulted in difficulties in borderline diagnosis of pagetoid spread, resulting in multiple therapeutic interventions.
Constructing a database of alien plants in the Himalaya to test patterns structuring diversity
Authors: Rana Suresh K. , Dangwal Bhawana , Rawat Gopal S. , Price Trevor D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDifferences in the number of alien plant species in different locations may reflect climatic and other controls that similarly affect native species and/or propagule pressure accompanied with delayed spread from the point of introduction. We set out to examine these alternatives for Himalayan plants, in a phylogenetic framework. We build a database of alien plant distributions for the Himalaya. Focusing on the well‐documented regions of Jammu & Kashmir (west) and Bhutan (east) we compare alien and native species for (1) richness patterns, (2) degree of phylogenetic clustering, (3) the extent to which species‐poor regions are subsets of species‐rich regions and (4) continental and climatic affinities/source. We document 1470 alien species (at least 600 naturalised), which comprise ~14% of the vascular plants known from the Himalaya. Alien plant species with tropical affinities decline in richness with elevation and species at high elevations form a subset of those at lower elevations, supporting location of introduction as an important driver of alien plant richness patterns. Separately, elevations which are especially rich in native plant species are also rich in alien plant species, suggesting an important role for climate (high productivity) in determining both native and alien richness. We find no support for the proposition that variance in human disturbance or numbers of native species correlate with alien distributions. Results imply an ongoing expansion of alien species from low elevation sources, some of which are highly invasive.