bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucous Fistula Refeeding in Premature Neonates With Enterostomies
Authors: Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Lan Laurence C. L. , Lin Steve C. L. , Chan Audrey W. S. , Tam Paul K. H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Premature neonates with short bowel syndrome often have diverting enterostomies and distal mucous fistulae. The authors reviewed their experience in 12 premature neonates in whom proximal bowel contents were re‐fed into the mucous fistula.Methods:We reviewed the records of 12 premature neonates who presented with acute abdomen and who underwent intestinal resection with formation of diverting enterostomy and mucous fistula between July 1999 and December 2002. All received parenteral nutrition. Refeeding of enterostomy contents into the distal mucous fistula was commenced after patency of the distal intestine was confirmed by radiologic examination. Demographic data, body weight and clinical outcomes were recorded.Results:Median gestational age was 31 weeks and mean birth weight was 1.59 kg. Diagnoses included necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 6), meconium ileus–like conditions (n = 2), ileal atresia (n = 2), malrotation with volvulus (n = 1) and focal intestinal perforation (n = 1). Refeeding was successfully established in all patients with no complications. The mean duration of refeeding was 63.5 days. All patients achieved good weight gain after refeeding (18.9 ± 2.9 g/d) with a reduction of parenteral nutrition requirements. All enterostomies were subsequently closed. Four patients died of unrelated causes after reanastomosis and the remaining eight were discharged.Conclusions:Mucous fistula refeeding is safe in premature neonates with enterostomies. It can prevent disuse atrophy in the distal loop and facilitate subsequent reanastomosis. Furthermore, the increased absorptive function provided by the small bowel incorporated in the mucous fistula can reduce the requirement for total parenteral nutrition.
Associations between externalizing behavior problems and risky sexual behaviors in adolescence: Attachment as a mediator
Authors: Therriault Danyka , Lemelin Jean‐Pascal , Toupin Jean , Martin‐Storey Alexa , Déry Michèle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionRisky sexual behaviors in adolescence are associated with negative health and psychological functioning outcomes. Although the association between behavior problems and risky sexual behaviors is well established, addressing these problems requires understanding the mechanisms that help explain this association. Adolescent attachment, while related to risky sexual behavior, has not been extensively explored as an outcome of childhood externalizing problems. The two objectives of this study were to explore the links between parental and peer attachment and risky sexual behaviors and to examine the mediating effect of attachment on the links between behavior problems and risky sexual behaviors.MethodsFive hundred and ninety‐eight French‐Canadian adolescents (46.2% girls), Mage at T1 = 13.23; Mage at T2 = 14.28; Mage at T3 = 17.35) participated in this longitudinal study.ResultsThe quality of parental attachment at T2 was significantly and negatively associated with risky sexual behaviors 3 years later, at T3. More specifically, a lower quality parental attachment relationship was associated with having nonexclusive partners as well as with inconsistent condom use. Finally, parental attachment (T2) was a significant mediator between behavior problems (T1) and risky sexual behaviors (T3), but only for younger adolescents.ConclusionsFindings suggest that in addition to behavior problems in adolescence, the quality of parental attachment relationships may help in understanding risky sexual behaviors in adolescence.
Identification of fourth‐instar larvae of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) employing scanning electron microscopic tool
Authors: Yamany Abeer S. , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAedes albopictus is a vector of numerous viruses in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including encephalitis and dengue fever. Although the identification keys depend exclusively on the characteristics of the fourth larval instar, the studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the morphology of Ae. albopictus are still insufficient, and more research is required. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a comprehensive description of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes based on the morphological features of their fourth‐instar larvae to distinguish them from other mosquito species. Antennae, feeding mouth brushes, mandibles, maxillae, labia, comb scales, anal papillae, siphon, respiratory spiracles, and pecten teeth were among the morphological features specifically described using SEM. The sensilla trichoidea and the sensilla basiconica are the sensory spicules found on the antennal integument. The labrum is a tessellated membrane with two movable brushes on the sides and one middle brush. The mandibles have four sellar setae on the anterolateral side, and the maxillae, which have a thumb‐like structure and a palp located laterally and about four‐fifths of the way from the maxillary brush base to the maxillary notch, are the articulating appendages. On the apex of the palp, there are five sensilla. The eighth abdominal segment is a tiny pentagonal structure with 12 comb scales laterally and a respiratory siphon dorsally. The siphon has two rows of pectin teeth, with 12 teeth per row. Four pairs of siphonal tufts and five perispiracular lobes surround the respiratory spiracles. The anal segment has four anal papillae, a ventral brush, a dorsal brush, and an incomplete saddle. The findings demonstrate that the fourth‐instar larvae of Ae. albopictus have distinctive morphological features, which are crucial for understanding their key characteristics and identifying them, preventing inaccurate identification, and facilitating the control of diseases transmitted by the mosquito vector.Research Highlights
A detailed description of various taxonomical interest structures for the fourth‐instar larvae of Aedes albopictus is included in this study.
Scanning electron microscopy is considered a helpful technique for identifying Ae. albopictus larvae in their fourth instar.
自己決定権について倫理的配慮を要した自殺企図によるアセトアミノフェン中毒の1例(A case of acetaminophen poisoning in a patient with suicidal ideations: ethical considerations regarding the right to self–determination)
Authors: 正幸 大田原 , 尚史 今長谷 , 尚一郎 濱田 , カシンスキー リチャード・ , 智継 中野 , 幹男 中島 
Published: January 2024

要旨アセトアミノフェンは比較的安全性の高い解熱鎮痛薬として，一般にも広く用いられているが，大量摂取により肝毒性を呈し，急性肝不全に至った場合は人工肝補助療法や肝移植が必要な場合もある。症例は65歳の女性，意識障害と痙攣を主訴に救急搬送された。病院到着後も症状が遷延し，血液検査で肝胆道系酵素の著明な上昇と腎機能障害を認めたが意識障害のため原因は不明であった。入院後アセトアミノフェン中毒が判明しN–アセチルシステインによる治療を行ったが急性肝不全が進行し，人工肝補助療法や肝移植が必要な状況と考えられた。侵襲的な医療処置はすべて拒否するという本人による事前指示があったため，臨床倫理委員会に判断を付託した結果，内科的加療は継続するが，患者の自己決定権に対する倫理的配慮を重んじて侵襲的治療は差し控えることとなり，第2病日に患者は死亡した。救急現場において，自殺を企図して過量服薬し重症化した際に，意識障害を呈する場合には精神障害の診断をつけることが難しく，医師の裁量権が重視され，侵襲的処置を望まないという患者の意思表示に配慮することは容易でない。十分な情報を得たうえで意思決定を下している事前指示がある場合，患者の自己決定権が尊重される場合もあり，倫理委員会などを通して，判断の妥当性を検討すべきだと考えられる。
Lysosomal storage disorders identified in adult population from India: Experience of a tertiary genetic centre and review of literature
Authors: Sheth Jayesh , Nair Aadhira , Bhavsar Riddhi , Godbole Koumudi , Datar Chaitanya , Nampoothiri Sheela , Panigrahi Inusha , Shah Heli , Bajaj Shruti , Tayade Naresh , Bhardwaj Naveen , Sheth Harsh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) in adults have milder phenotype and variable age at presentation. Several studies have described the phenotype, genotype and treatment outcomes for adult‐onset LSDs like Gaucher, Fabry, Pompe disease and others. We describe the first systematic study on the occurrence of LSDs in an adult population from India. It describes, the key clinical signs seen in these patients and those from literature review that can aid in early detection. Of 2102 biochemically diagnosed LSDs cases, 32 adult patients were identified with LSDs. Based on the clinical suspicion, screening test and enzyme study was carried out. Twenty‐two patients were subjected to a genetic study to identify the causative variant in a respective gene. Of the 32 adult patients, we observed a maximum percentage of 37.5% (n = 12) cases with Gaucher disease, followed by 13% (n = 4) with Fabry disease. We found 10% of cases with MPS IVA and MPS I, and 9% cases with Pompe. Single case of adult mucolipidosis III and two cases each of Type 1 Sialidosis, Niemann‐Pick disease B and metachromatic leukodystrophy were identified. We observed two common variants p.Leu483Pro and p.Ala487Thr in the GBA1 gene in 23% of Indian patients with adult Gaucher disease. No common variants were observed in other aforementioned LSDs. Study identified 50% of Fabry patients and 4% of Gaucher patients diagnosed at our centre to be adults. The prevalence of adult Pompe patients was low (3.4%) as compared to 80% reported in the Caucasian population. Adult LSDs such as, MPS III, GM1/GM2 gangliosidosis and Krabbe disease were not identified in our cohort.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the disruption of the blood–brain barrier in parasitic infections
Authors: Jamil Al‐Obaidi Mazen M. , Desa Mohd Nasir Mohd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParasites have a significant impact on the neurological, cognitive, and mental well‐being of humans, with a global population of over 1 billion individuals affected. The pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) injury in parasitic diseases remains limited, and prevention and control of parasitic CNS infections remain significant areas of research. Parasites, encompassing both unicellular and multicellular organisms, have intricate life cycles and possess the ability to infect a diverse range of hosts, including the human population. Parasitic illnesses that impact the central and peripheral nervous systems are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in low‐ to middle‐income nations. The precise pathways through which neurotropic parasites infiltrate the CNS by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and cause neurological harm remain incompletely understood. Investigating brain infections caused by parasites is closely linked to studying neuroinflammation and cerebral impairment. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this process remain incomplete, but understanding the exact mechanisms could provide insight into their pathogenesis and potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets. This review paper explores the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of neurological disorders caused by parasites, including parasite‐derived elements, host immune responses, and modifications in tight junctions (TJs) proteins.
Advancing the methodology of mapping reviews: A scoping review
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Campbell Fiona , Danial Katrina , Pollock Danielle , Munn Zachary , Welsh Vivian , Saran Ashrita , Hoppe Dimi , Tricco Andrea C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis scoping review aims to identify and systematically review published mapping reviews to assess their commonality and heterogeneity and determine whether additional efforts should be made to standardise methodology and reporting. The following databases were searched; Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Campbell collaboration database, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA). Following a pilot‐test on a random sample of 20 citations included within title and abstracts, two team members independently completed all screening. Ten articles were piloted at full‐text screening, and then each citation was reviewed independently by two team members. Discrepancies at both stages were resolved through discussion. Following a pilot‐test on a random sample of five relevant full‐text articles, one team member abstracted all the relevant data. Uncertainties in the data abstraction were resolved by another team member. A total of 335 articles were eligible for this scoping review and subsequently included. There was an increasing growth in the number of published mapping reviews over the years from 5 in 2010 to 73 in 2021. Moreover, there was a significant variability in reporting the included mapping reviews including their research question, priori protocol, methodology, data synthesis and reporting. This work has further highlighted the gaps in evidence synthesis methodologies. Further guidance developed by evidence synthesis organisations, such as JBI and Campbell, has the potential to clarify challenges experienced by researchers, given the magnitude of mapping reviews published every year.
Knockout of Shcbp1 sensitizes immunotherapy by regulating α‐SMA positive cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Gu Qianlin , Ma Zhijian , Wang Qiaoyan , Dai Yiwei , Shi Wengui , Jiao Zuoyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe crucial role of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in promoting T‐cell exclusion has a significant impact on tumor immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy. Therefore, enhancing T‐cell infiltration into solid tumors has emerged as a pivotal area of research. We achieved a conventional knockout of Shcbp1 (Shcbp1−/−) through CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and crossed these mice with spontaneous breast cancer MMTV‐PyMT mice, resulting in PyMT Shcbp1−/− mice. The different CAF subtypes were detected by flow cytometry analysis (FCA). We evaluated collagen and CAFs levels using Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Primary tumor cells and CAFs were isolated from both PyMT Shcbp1+/+ and PyMT Shcbp1−/− mice. We analyzed CAFs’ proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Transwell coculture experiments were performed with primary tumor cells and CAFs to evaluate the role of CAFs in increasing the sensitivity of tumor cells to Erdafitinib. Tumors from PyMT Shcbp1+/+ and PyMT Shcbp1−/− mice were orthotopically transplanted to assess the therapeutic effect of the Erdafitinib and PD‐1 combination. CAFs and T‐cell infiltration in these tumors were assessed using FCA and IF. Knockout of Shcbp1 leads to a significant reduction in tumor burden, promotes longer survival, and decreases CAFs in MMTV‐PyMT. Moreover, knockout of Shcbp1 enhances the sensitivity of Erdafitinib, leading to effective inhibition of CAFs' proliferation and invasion, as well as the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, it results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in vitro. Meanwhile, Shcbp1−/− CAFs change the sensitivity of Shcbp1−/− tumor cells to Erdafitinib compared to Shcbp1+/+ CAFs. Importantly, knockout of Shcbp1 boosts the effectiveness of Erdafitinib in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy by augmenting T‐cell infiltration through CAFs regulation in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that knockout of Shcbp1 holds significant potential in enhancing the therapeutic response of Erdafitinib combined with PD‐1 antibody treatment, offering promising prospects for future breast cancer therapies.
Ultrathin and conformal frequency selective surfaces bandpass filter to eliminate the 5G bands on radio altimeters
Authors: Thulasiraman Jayanandan , Alex Zachariah C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a frequency‐selective surface‐based radome structure to selectively allow the radar altimeter operating band and also minimize the interference from Sub‐6GHz 5 G frequency bands. A Jerusalem cross and combinational loop (JCL) based frequency selective surfaces (FSS) unit cell of overall dimension 0.37λ was synthesized using a thin flexible substrate for use in fuselage of airborne systems. The proposed FSS unit cell exhibits transmission zero at 3.61 and 6.025 GHz and highly selective pass band at 4.3 GHz. The effect of bends and angle of incidence on the frequency response of the synthesized FSS was studied in transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. A lumped element‐based equivalent circuit model for the proposed design was also presented. Finally, the fabricated prototype was experimentally validated in an Anechoic chamber setup and the suitability of the proposed FSS layers for aviation radar systems was confirmed.
A novel constitutive model for the concrete face slab of a CFRD and the numerical simulation of its seismic behavior
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Ning Zhiyuan , Wang Yingjun , Zhou Wei , Zhu Sheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the rising demand for hydropower energy, China has built numerous concrete‐faced rockfill dams (CFRDs) with considerable heights. The potential failure pattern of the concrete face slab is the key to the safety of the anti‐seepage system. However, engineers commonly employ an elastic relationship to model the concrete face slab for simplicity, which induces inaccurate estimation of the face slab's stresses, especially under seismic conditions. On the other hand, the existing elastoplastic models for concrete often require complex derivation of the necessary formula and thus are difficult to apply to finite element (FE) analysis. Under the comprehensive action of the upstream water, supporting rockfill, and surrounding mountains, the damage mode of the quasibrittle concrete slab is not a tensile mode but a compressive shearing mode. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an elastoplastic model that is adapted to the actual working environment of the slab and easy to apply. To this end, a generalized plasticity model is developed within the phenomenology modeling concept, which is validated at both the experimental level and application level. The results indicate that three‐dimensional stress‒strain behaviors, such as the strength nonlinearity, prepeak dilatancy, and postpeak softening, can be effectively captured. In addition, the seismic characteristics of a 200‐m high CFRD are numerically investigated. The findings show that the slab's stress accumulation can be reflected during the earthquake and that the final stress distribution conforms to the field observations. The conclusions of this paper provide a reliable reference for the seismic resistance design of CFRDs.
The Use of Deep Learning Software in the Detection of Voice Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barlow Joshua , Sragi Zara , Rivera‐Rivera Gabriel , Al‐Awady Abdurrahman , Daşdöğen Ümit , Courey Mark S. , Kirke Diana N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the use of deep learning in the detection of voice disorders using acoustic and laryngoscopic input, compare specific neural networks in terms of accuracy, and assess their effectiveness compared to expert clinical visual examination.Data SourcesEmbase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central.Review MethodsDatabases were screened through November 11, 2023 for relevant studies. The inclusion criteria required studies to utilize a specified deep learning method, use laryngoscopy or acoustic input, and measure accuracy of binary classification between healthy patients and those with voice disorders.ResultsThirty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria, with 18 focusing on voice analysis, 15 on imaging analysis, and 1 both. Across the 18 acoustic studies, 21 programs were used for identification of organic and functional voice disorders. These technologies included 10 convolutional neural networks (CNNs), 6 multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), and 5 other neural networks. The binary classification systems yielded a mean accuracy of 89.0% overall, including 93.7% for MLP programs and 84.5% for CNNs. Among the 15 imaging analysis studies, a total of 23 programs were utilized, resulting in a mean accuracy of 91.3%. Specifically, the twenty CNNs achieved a mean accuracy of 92.6% compared to 83.0% for the 3 MLPs.ConclusionDeep learning models were shown to be highly accurate in the detection of voice pathology, with CNNs most effective for assessing laryngoscopy images and MLPs most effective for assessing acoustic input. While deep learning methods outperformed expert clinical exam in limited comparisons, further studies integrating external validation are necessary.
Development and validation of cyclic peptide probe for gastric cancer based on phage display technique
Authors: Yun Seul Ki , Yang Seung Mok , Kwak Moon Hwa , Park Jae Myung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer‐targeting diagnostics should have a sensitive and specific binding affinity. To achieve this, biomarker development is critical. This study aimed to develop and validate a 7‐mer cyclic peptide probe that can target gastric cancer. We developed this probe based on LGR5 (leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein coupled receptor 5)‐specific targeting, which is a marker for gastric cancer stem cells. An LGR5 targeting peptide sequence that was developed using phage display technology resulted in a cyclic peptide, C‐YLASRVH‐C (named YLA). We conjugated this peptide with fluorescent probes to validate its specific targeting ability for gastric cancer. The fluorescence‐labeled YLA peptide exhibited 3.0‐fold higher fluorescence intensity in a gastric cancer cell line (MKN45) than it did in a normal cell line (CCD841 cells). In contrast, pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells did not show significant fluorescence intensity with the YLA peptide. To verify its tumor‐targeting affinity, we developed a control peptide, C‐YLASAVH‐C (named YLASA) using an ALA scanning experiment. Whole‐body imaging of a gastric cancer xenograft model showed higher fluorescence intensity of tumors in the YLA peptide group than in the control peptide group. Moreover, ex vivo imaging of tumor tissues exhibited 6.8‐fold higher fluorescence intensity in the YLA peptide group compared to that in the YLASA control peptide group. In conclusion, we confirmed that the YLA peptide probe functions as a specific diagnostic probe for gastric cancer. We anticipate that it will play a theranostic role through further development.
Practical preset time fault‐tolerant control of uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with input saturation and guaranteed performance
Authors: Hu Yunsong , Yan Huaicheng , Wang Meng , Chang Yufang , Shi Kaibo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practical preset time fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem is explored in this article for uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with input saturation and guaranteed performance. To cope with the uncertainty of the Euler–Lagrange systems, the adaptive neural network (NN) is exploited to approximate the unknown continuous function. Most existing results that consider input saturation and actuator faults simultaneously need to design compensation strategies separately, which increases the complexity of control algorithms. To overcome the above obstacle, the Nussbaum gain technique is used to deal with the effects of input saturation and actuator faults in this article. Besides, with the help of error transformation technology and speed function, the proposed control algorithm can ensure that the tracking error converges within the preset time and its overshoot is constrained within the prescribed performance boundaries. Furthermore, the boundedness of all closed‐loop system signals is confirmed. Finally, comparative simulation results are depicted to highlight the superiority of the designed control algorithm.