bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression are associated with lipid disorders among Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Kim Hyun Ah , Shin Hye Ran , Song SuJin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Lipid disorders are a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the intake of dietary fatty acids has been closely related to blood lipid levels. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between dietary patterns related to fatty acid intake and lipid disorders in Korean adults.

Methods
From the 2013–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data, 8399 men and 11404 women (aged ≥ 19 years) were selected. Reduced rank regression was employed to identify dietary patterns from 26 food groups, aiming to explain the maximum variation in the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids, and the PUFA/SFA ratio. Associations of quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores with lipid disorders were examined using multiple logistic regression stratified by sex.

Results
Three dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 showed positive factor loadings for vegetable oils, seasonings, legumes, nuts, and fish; dietary pattern 2 was high in consumption of red meat, bread and snacks, and milk and dairy products; and dietary pattern 3 was rich in fish and milk and dairy products. In men, dietary pattern 3 was inversely associated with elevated triglycerides (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69–0.97, P-trend = 0.008). In women, dietary pattern 2 was positively associated with elevated total cholesterol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12–1.52, P-trend < 0.001) but inversely associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59–0.83, P-trend < 0.001).

Conclusion
In this study, dietary patterns explaining the intake of various types of fatty acids were differentially associated with lipid disorders in Korean adults. Dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of red meat, bread and snacks and milk and dairy products were positively associated with elevated total cholesterol, whereas dietary pattern rich in fish consumption showed an inverse association with elevated triglycerides. These findings could be instrumental in developing dietary guidelines and strategies for preventing and managing lipid disorders in this population.
Association between the systemic immune inflammation index and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Guo Junfeng , Xu Rufu , Liu Rongxing , Lai Wenjing , Hu Changpeng , He Haitao , Zhang Gang , Li Guobing , Zheng Weiwei , Zhang Rong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Periodontitis is a chronic oral inflammatory disease that seriously affects people's quality of life. The purpose of our study was to investigate the correlation between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and periodontitis by utilizing a large national survey. This will establish a reference for the early identification and management of periodontitis.

Methods
This study comprised the adult US population who participated in a national periodontitis surveillance project during the six years from 2009 to 2014. Through the utilization of univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression, we investigated the correlation between the systemic immune inflammation index and periodontitis. Additionally, we employed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of our findings.

Results
The study involved 10,366 participants with an average age of 51.00 years, of whom 49.45% were male (N = 5126) and 50.55% were female (N = 5240). The prevalence of periodontitis is estimated to be about 38.43% in the US adults aged 30 or older population. Our logistic regression models indicated a positive association between a SII higher than 978 × 109/L and periodontitis. The elder group (aged 50 or older) with SII higher than 978 × 109/L demonstrated a significant correlation with periodontitis in the fully adjusted model (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.409, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.037, 1.915, P = 0.022). However, there is no statistical difference among adults aged 30 to 50. The robustness of our findings was confirmed through sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Our study highlights that SII is associated with periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of US adults. And the SII is significantly associated with a high risk of periodontitis in individuals aged 50 or older.
Modeling the neuroimmune system in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Authors: Balestri Wendy , Sharma Ruchi , da Silva Victor A. , Bobotis Bianca C. , Curle Annabel J. , Kothakota Vandana , Kalantarnia Farnoosh , Hangad Maria V. , Hoorfar Mina , Jones Joanne L. , Tremblay Marie-Ève , El-Jawhari Jehan J. , Willerth Stephanie M. , Reinwald Yvonne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases have distinct pathologies and symptoms that are linked to specific cell populations in the brain. Notably, the immune system has been implicated in both diseases, with a particular focus on the dysfunction of microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, contributing to neuronal loss and exacerbating symptoms. Researchers use models of the neuroimmune system to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and biological aspects of these neurodegenerative diseases and how they progress. Several in vitro and in vivo models, including 2D cultures and animal models, have been utilized. Recently, advancements have been made in optimizing these existing models and developing 3D models and organ-on-a-chip systems, holding tremendous promise in accurately mimicking the intricate intracellular environment. As a result, these models represent a crucial breakthrough in the transformation of current treatments for PD and AD by offering potential for conducting long-term disease-based modeling for therapeutic testing, reducing reliance on animal models, and significantly improving cell viability compared to conventional 2D models. The application of 3D and organ-on-a-chip models in neurodegenerative disease research marks a prosperous step forward, providing a more realistic representation of the complex interactions within the neuroimmune system. Ultimately, these refined models of the neuroimmune system aim to aid in the quest to combat and mitigate the impact of debilitating neuroimmune diseases on patients and their families.
A novel film spray containing curcumin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection and enhances mucosal immunity
Authors: Nittayananta Wipawee , Lerdsamran Hatairat , Chutiwitoonchai Nopporn , Promsong Aornrutai , Srichana Teerapol , Netsomboon Kesinee , Prasertsopon Jarunee , Kerdto Jaruta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus is still a major worldwide health concern. Plants are a good source of bioactive compounds to be used as preventive measures for both inhibiting the virus binding and enhancing mucosal innate immunity. Curcumin has been shown to possess antiviral activity and modulate innate immunity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an oro-nasal film spray containing curcumin and determine its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection, as well as its effects on mucosal innate immunity and inflammatory cytokines in vitro.

Methods
The antiviral activity of the film spray against SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B was assessed in vitro by plaque reduction assay. Cytotoxicity of the film spray to oral keratinocytes and nasal epithelial cells was assessed by MTT assay, and cytotoxicity to Vero and MDCK cells was assessed by an MTS-based cytotoxicity assay. Oral and nasal innate immune markers in response to the film spray were determined by ELISA and by a commercial Milliplex Map Kit, respectively.

Results
Our data show that the film spray containing curcumin can inhibit both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections while maintaining cell viability. Results obtained among 4 viruses revealed that curcumin film spray demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 with the lowest EC50 of 3.15 µg/ml and the highest SI value of 4.62, followed by influenza B (EC50 = 6.32 µg/ml, SI = 2.04), influenza A/H1N1 (EC50 = 7.24 µg/ml, SI = 1.78), and influenza A/H3N2 (EC50 > 12.5 µg/ml, SI < 1.03), respectively. Antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and HD-5, IL-6 and TNF-α produced by oral keratinocytes were significantly induced by the film spray, while hBD2 was significantly reduced.

Conclusion
Film spray containing curcumin possesses multiple actions against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting ACE-2 binding in target cells and enhancing mucosal innate immunity. The film spray can also inhibit influenza virus infection. Therefore, the curcumin film spray may be effective in preventing the viral infection of both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.
Does COVID-19 affect sperm quality in males? the answer may be yes, but only temporarily
Authors: Zhang Qi-Feng , Zhang Yu-Ji , Wang Sheng , Wei Yu , Zhang Han , Li Feng , Deng Yong-Quan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on male reproductive health. However, the impact of COVID-19 on sperm quality remains uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the short-term and relatively long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on sperm quality.

Methods
A total of 85 males with fertility requirements, who underwent semen evaluation at Guilin People’s Hospital between June 2022 and July 2023, were included in the study. Changes in semen parameters were analyzed across three specific timeframes: within 6 months before COVID-19 infection, within 3 months after COVID-19 infection, and 3–6 months after COVID-19 recovery.

Results
The results revealed that the sperm concentration and total sperm number were significantly lower after infection compared to before, while in the recovery period, the sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, and normal morphology significantly increased. Comparing the three periods, the most significant difference was observed in sperm concentration, which exhibited a significant decrease after infection but returned to normal levels after recovery from COVID-19.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that COVID-19 may exert some impact on sperm quality, particularly evidenced by decreased sperm concentration post-infection. Fortunately, these effects on semen parameters appear to be temporary, with gradual restoration of semen parameters within 3–6 months after recovery. However, further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term implications of these observed changes in semen parameters.
Steering the energy with music: hermeneutic phenomenological study of user perspectives of music and music therapy for co-occurring ADHD and substance use problems
Authors: Ghetti Claire M. , Hjelmbrekke Steinar , Morken Katharina , Dahl Therese , Stige Brynjulf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
User perspectives and involvement are crucial for improving substance use treatment service provision. First-hand accounts provide rich perspectives on how users experience change within therapeutic approaches like music therapy. People with substance use problems have a higher incidence of experiencing challenges with impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. Such challenges can negatively affect social functioning and outcomes of substance use treatment. Music therapy can offer people a means to regulate emotions and facilitate social relationships. There is a lack of research on user perspectives of music therapy in substance use treatment, and we could identify no studies that explore user perspectives of music therapy for adults with substance use problems and co-occurring impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention.

Methods
The aim of this phenomenological study was to center the voices of people living with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD) to understand how they experience music and music therapy in their process of recovery. We used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to qualitative analysis of transcripts from in-depth interviews with 8 adult service users from a Norwegian substance use treatment facility.

Results
Our main finding was that music and music therapy enabled experiences of motivation and mastery that ultimately afforded social belonging. The participants demonstrated detailed and nuanced understanding of how they use music to steer the energy and restlessness that are characteristic of ADHD, to change mood, and to shift negative thought patterns. These forms of music-centered regulation served as pre-requisites for more active and gratifying participation in social communities. For several participants, musicking offered a means of establishing drug-free identity and fellowship. The motivation and mastery experienced during musicking lowered the threshold for social engagement, and served as an incentive for continuing substance use treatment for some participants.

Conclusions
The nuanced descriptions from our participants illustrate the importance of motivation, and how music therapy can contribute to motivation in substance use treatment. In particular, the context surrounding musicking, adaptations from the music therapist, and social affordances of such musicking contributed to pleasure, mastery, participation, development of identity and social belonging, which in interaction generated motivation.
Augmenting MEK inhibitor efficacy in BRAF wild-type melanoma: synergistic effects of disulfiram combination therapy
Authors: Meraz-Torres Francisco , Niessner Heike , Plöger Sarah , Riel Simon , Schörg Barbara , Casadei Nicolas , Kneilling Manfred , Schaller Martin , Flatz Lukas , Macek Boris , Eigentler Thomas , Rieß Olaf , Garbe Claus , Amaral Teresa , Sinnberg Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
MEK inhibitors (MEKi) were shown to be clinically insufficiently effective in patients suffering from BRAF wild-type (BRAF WT) melanoma, even if the MAPK pathway was constitutively activated due to mutations in NRAS or NF-1. Thus, novel combinations are needed to increase the efficacy and duration of response to MEKi in BRAF WT melanoma. Disulfiram and its metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate are known to have antitumor effects related to cellular stress, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was found to synergize with MEK inhibitors in NRAS-mutated melanoma cells. Therefore, we investigated the combination of both therapeutics to test their effects on BRAF-WT melanoma cells and compared them with monotherapy using the MEKi trametinib.

Methods
The effects of combined therapy with disulfiram or its metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate and the MEKi trametinib were evaluated in a series of BRAF-WT melanoma cell lines by measuring cell viability and apoptosis induction. Cytotoxicity was additionally assessed in 3D spheroids, ex vivo melanoma slice cultures, and in vivo xenograft mouse models. The response of melanoma cells to treatment was studied at the RNA and protein levels to decipher the mode of action. Intracellular and intratumoral copper measurements were performed to investigate the role of copper ions in the antitumor cytotoxicity of disulfiram and its combination with the MEKi.

Results
Diethyldithiocarbamate enhanced trametinib-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in 2D and 3D melanoma culture models. Mechanistically, copper-dependent induction of oxidative stress and ER stress led to Janus kinase (JNK)-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells. This mechanism was also detectable in patient-derived xenograft melanoma models and resulted in a significantly improved therapeutic effect compared to monotherapy with the MEKi trametinib.

Conclusions
Disulfiram and its metabolite represent an attractive pharmaceutical approach to induce ER stress in melanoma cells that potentiates the antitumor effect of MEK inhibition and may be an interesting candidate for combination therapy of BRAF WT melanoma.
Exploring the causal role of multiple metabolites on ovarian cancer: a two sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Shaoxuan , Ding Danni , Liu Fangyuan , Guo Ying , Xie Liangzhen , Han Feng-Juan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The mechanisms and risk factors underlying ovarian cancer (OC) remain under investigation, making the identification of new prognostic biomarkers and improved predictive factors critically important. Recently, circulating metabolites have shown potential in predicting survival outcomes and may be associated with the pathogenesis of OC. However, research into their genetic determinants is limited, and there are some inadequacies in understanding the distinct subtypes of OC. In this context, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study aiming to provide evidence for the relationship between genetically determined metabolites (GDMs) and the risk of OC and its subtypes.

Methods
In this study, we consolidated genetic statistical data of GDMs with OC and its subtypes through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary approach, with MR-Egger and weighted median methods employed for cross-validation to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the metabolites and OC risk. Moreover, a range of sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the results. MR-Egger intercept, and Cochran’s Q statistical analysis were used to evaluate possible heterogeneity and pleiotropy. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to validate the findings. We also conducted a reverse MR analysis to validate whether the observed blood metabolite levels were influenced by OC risk. Additionally, metabolic pathway analysis was carried out using the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software.

Results
In MR analysis, we discovered 18 suggestive causal associations involving 14 known metabolites, 8 metabolites as potential risk factors, and 6 as potential cancer risk reducers. In addition, three significant pathways, "caffeine metabolism," "arginine biosynthesis," and "citrate cycle (TCA cycle)" were associated with the development of mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC). The pathways "caffeine metabolism" and "alpha-linolenic acid metabolism" were associated with the onset of endometrioid ovarian cancer (OCED).

Conclusions
Our MR analysis revealed both protective and risk-associated metabolites, providing insights into the potential causal relationships between GDMs and the metabolic pathways related to OC and its subtypes. The metabolites that drive OC could be potential candidates for biomarkers.
Comparison of lung ultrasound and chest radiography for detecting pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yalong , Wu Yuexuan , Zhao Wen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is recommended as a reliable diagnostic alternative to chest X-ray (CXR) for detecting pneumonia in children.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify eligible studies from their inception until April 2023. The investigated diagnostic parameters included sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).

Results
Twenty-six studies involving 3,401 children were selected for meta-analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of LUS for detecting pneumonia in children were 0.95, 0.92, 12.31, 0.05, 108.53, and 0.98, respectively, while the sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of CXR were 0.92, 0.93, 24.63, 0.08, 488.54, and 0.99, respectively. The sensitivity of LUS was higher than that of CXR for detecting pneumonia in children (ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06; P = 0.018), whereas the DOR of LUS was significantly lower than that of CXR (ratio: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06–0.85; P = 0.028).

Conclusions
This study found that the diagnostic performance of LUS was comparable to that of CXR for detecting pneumonia, and the sensitivity of LUS was superior to that of CXR.
Gastrointestinal bleeding in children: diagnostic approach
Authors: Piccirillo Marisa , Pucinischi Valentina , Mennini Maurizio , Strisciuglio Caterina , Iannicelli Elsa , Giallorenzi Maria Agostina , Furio Silvia , Ferretti Alessandro , Parisi Pasquale , Di Nardo Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDifferent conditions may underlie gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in children. The estimated prevalence of GIB in children is 6.4%, with spontaneous resolution in approximately 80% of cases. Nonetheless, the initial approach plays a pivotal role in determining the prognosis. The priority is the stabilization of hemodynamic status, followed by a systematic diagnostic approach. GIB can originate from either upper or lower gastrointestinal tract, leading to a broad differential diagnosis in infants and children. This includes benign and self-limiting disorders, alongside serious conditions necessitating immediate treatment. We performed a nonsystematic review of the literature, in order to describe the variety of conditions responsible for GIB in pediatric patients and to outline diagnostic pathways according to patients’ age, suspected site of bleeding and type of bleeding which can help pediatricians in clinical practice. Diagnostic modalities may include esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography and, when necessary, magnetic resonance imaging. In this review, we critically assess these procedures, emphasizing their respective advantages and limitations concerning specific clinical scenarios.
Time in ICU and post-intensive care syndrome: how long is long enough?
Authors: Flaws Dylan , Fraser John F. , Laupland Kevin , Lavana Jayshree , Patterson Sue , Tabah Alexis , Tronstad Oystein , Ramanan Mahesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Our understanding of post-ICU recovery is influenced by which patients are selected to study and treat. Many studies currently list an ICU length of stay of at least 24, 48, or 72 h as an inclusion criterion. This may be driven by established evidence that prolonged time in an ICU bed and prolonged ventilation can complicate post-ICU rehabilitation. However, recovery after short ICU stays still needs to be explored.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis from the tracking outcomes post-intensive care (TOPIC) study. One hundred and thirty-two participants were assessed 6-months post-ICU discharge using standardised and validated self-report tools for physical function, cognitive function, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (with clinically significant impairment on any tool being considered a complicated recovery). Routinely collected data relating to the ICU stay were retrospectively accessed, including length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Patients with short ICU stays were intentionally included, with 77 (58%) participants having an ICU length of stay < 72 h.

Results
Of 132 participants, 40 (30%) had at least one identified post-ICU impairment 6 months after leaving ICU, 22 (17%) of whom had an ICU length of stay < 72 h.

Conclusion
Many patients with an ICU length of stay < 72 h are reporting post-ICU impairment 6 months after leaving ICU. This is a population often excluded from studies and interventions. Future research should further explore post-ICU impairment among shorter stays.