bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a head‐start conservation intervention to boost spawning numbers of the endangered Clanwilliam sandfish
Authors: Cerrilla Cecilia , Flemming Leonard , Griffiths Charles L. , Impson Dean , Jordaan Martine S. , Kajee Mohammed , Paxton Bruce R. , van der Walt Johannes A. , Whitehead Thomas Otto , Shelton Jeremy M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are the most threatened on Earth, with many species facing extinction. The Clanwilliam sandfish (Labeo seeberi) is South Africa's most threatened migratory freshwater fish and is endemic to the Olifants–Doring River system in the Cape Fold Ecoregion. Non‐native fish predation and river desiccation have caused a recruitment bottleneck, severely compromising juvenile survival and resulting in a declining population of aging sandfish. The Saving Sandfish Project launched an emergency head‐start intervention in 2020 to reduce extinction risk. We (1) rescued juvenile sandfish from drying pools in a key spawning tributary (the Biedouw River); (2) relocated them to 6 off‐stream reservoirs; and (3) released reservoir‐reared sandfish back into their natal river once large enough to evade non‐native fish predation. Here, we estimate survival in the reservoir environment, evaluate return rates relative to wild run size, and assess the probability of return based on conditions at release. Between 2020 and 2022, we stocked 33,391 juvenile sandfish into the 6 reservoirs. After 1 year, the estimated survival rate at one reservoir was 0.679 (range based on 95% CI: 0.385–0.973). Release and return results are presented only for the first (2020) rescue cohort. In 2021, we released 1277 sandfish from 2 reservoirs into the Biedouw River, comprising 16.6% of the 2020 rescue cohort. Mean size at release was 169 mm (SE 0.6) total length. Of those released, 994 were PIT‐tagged. A total of 77 PIT‐tagged sandfish were recorded during the 2022 spawning migration—a return rate of 7.7% of tagged releases in the first year of returns. Size of fish and distance from the Doring River at release were significant predictors of return probability, with larger fish released further from the Doring experiencing a higher probability of return. This program serves as a model for the conservation of freshwater fish where there is an imminent and high risk of extinction.
iEEG‐recon: A fast and scalable pipeline for accurate reconstruction of intracranial electrodes and implantable devices
Authors: Lucas Alfredo , Scheid Brittany H. , Pattnaik Akash R. , Gallagher Ryan , Mojena Marissa , Tranquille Ashley , Prager Brian , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Gong Ruxue , Litt Brian , Davis Kathryn A. , Das Sandhitsu , Stein Joel M. , Sinha Nishant 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveClinicians use intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in conjunction with noninvasive brain imaging to identify epileptic networks and target therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy cases. Our goal was to promote ongoing and future collaboration by automating the process of “electrode reconstruction,” which involves the labeling, registration, and assignment of iEEG electrode coordinates on neuroimaging. We developed a standalone, modular pipeline that performs electrode reconstruction. We demonstrate our tool's compatibility with clinical and research workflows and its scalability on cloud platforms.MethodsWe created iEEG‐recon, a scalable electrode reconstruction pipeline for semiautomatic iEEG annotation, rapid image registration, and electrode assignment on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Its modular architecture includes a clinical module for electrode labeling and localization, and a research module for automated data processing and electrode contact assignment. To ensure accessibility for users with limited programming and imaging expertise, we packaged iEEG‐recon in a containerized format that allows integration into clinical workflows. We propose a cloud‐based implementation of iEEG‐recon and test our pipeline on data from 132 patients at two epilepsy centers using retrospective and prospective cohorts.ResultsWe used iEEG‐recon to accurately reconstruct electrodes in both electrocorticography and stereoelectroencephalography cases with a 30‐min running time per case (including semiautomatic electrode labeling and reconstruction). iEEG‐recon generates quality assurance reports and visualizations to support epilepsy surgery discussions. Reconstruction outputs from the clinical module were radiologically validated through pre‐ and postimplant T1‐MRI visual inspections. We also found that our use of ANTsPyNet deep learning‐based brain segmentation for electrode classification was consistent with the widely used FreeSurfer segmentations.SignificanceiEEG‐recon is a robust pipeline for automating reconstruction of iEEG electrodes and implantable devices on brain MRI, promoting fast data analysis and integration into clinical workflows. iEEG‐recon's accuracy, speed, and compatibility with cloud platforms make it a useful resource for epilepsy centers worldwide.
The comparison of the antidiabetic effects of exenatide, empagliflozin, quercetin, and combination of the drugs in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Korkmaz Yasemin , Dik Burak 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease that involves extended treatment, is rapidly increasing in humans and animals worldwide.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare monotherapy and combined therapy of exenatide, empagliflozin, and quercetin in 67 Wistar Albino male rats.MethodsThe animals were divided into the following seven groups: healthy control, diabetes control, diabetes + sham, diabetes + exenatide (10 μg/kg), diabetes + empagliflozin (50 mg/kg), diabetes + quercetin (50 mg/kg), and diabetes + combination treatment. The treatments were continued for 8 weeks.ResultsAt the end of the experiment, glucose and HbA1c levels decreased with all monotherapy treatments and the combination treatments, while insulin levels increased with exenatide and combined treatments. Adiponectin levels increased with empagliflozin, quercetin, and combined treatments, while leptin levels decreased only with combined treatments. All monotherapies caused an increase in total antioxidant levels. Exenatide and quercetin treatments reduced low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; therewithal, exenatide and combined treatments increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Triglyceride levels decreased in all treatment groups. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) level decreased with the combined treatment; on the contrary, the homeostatic model assessment for β‐cell activity (HOMA‐β) level increased with empagliflozin, exenatide, and combined treatments.ConclusionIn conclusion, the antidiabetic effects of exenatide were more pronounced than empagliflozin and quercetin, however, the combined treatment had better antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects than monotherapies. Quercetin could be a supportive or food supplement antidiabetic agent. The exenatide treatment can be recommended for monotherapy in type 2 patients, and the combination of empagliflozin, exenatide, and quercetin may be effective in diabetic patients who need combined therapy.
Molecular and morphometric data provide evidence of intraspecific variation in shape and pigmentation pattern in Otocinclus cocama (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) across major river drainages
Authors: Mejia Eduardo , Reis Roberto E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOtocinclus cocama, a uniquely colored species of the loricariid catfish genus Otocinclus described solely from the type locality in the lower Ucayali River in northern Peru, is reported occurring in the Tigre River, a tributary to the Marañón River that drains a different section of the Andean Mountain range in the western Amazon. Both populations differ in the number of dark bars spanning the flanks of the body, and we investigated whether these morphotypes constitute distinct species. The body shapes of populations from the Tigre and Ucayali rivers were compared using geometric morphometrics. Although principal component analysis detected a broad overlap between populations, multivariate analysis of variance and linear driscriminat analysis revealed a subtle differentiation between the populations of the two hydrographic basins. Average body shape of the Ucayali River population tend to be slightly higher than that of the Tigre River, with the caudal peduncle stretched vertically in the Ucayali population. Multivariate regression of shape and centroid size revealed an allometric effect of 10.7% (p < 0.001), suggesting that the variation between Tigre and Ucayali populations was purely shape variation. Molecular data of coI, cytb, nd2, and 16S mitochondrial genes indicated a nucleotide diversity range from 0.001 to 0.003, and haplotypic diversity range from 0.600 ± 0.11 to 0.79 ± 0.07. The median‐joining haplotype network for the concatenated matrix exhibited two divergent haplogroups related to the geographic area and separated by <10 mutational steps. The molecular species delimitation methods based on distance (automatic barcode gap discovery and assemble species by automatic partitioning) recovered two molecular lineages evolving independently, being one of the lineages formed by individuals from both populations. Tree‐based methods (generalized mixed Yule coalescent and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree process) recovered similar topologies and supported single lineage recognition. Methods of molecular delimitation of species disclosed the high similarity between the two populations of Otocinclus cocama, further supported by the presence of old haplotypes common to both groups which could indicate that the populations still maintain gene flow. Although the morphological data reveal a subtle variation between both river basins, the molecular data suggest a weak population structuration based on hydrographic areas, but not different species lineages, therefore Otocinclus cocama is composed of a single lineage with two distinct morphotypes.
Not so much a sea bass: Divergent European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) freshwater incursions
Authors: Almeida R. , Tanner S. E. , Mateus C. S. , Ribeiro F. , Quintella B. R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEuropean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax [Linnaeus, 1758]) is a euryhaline marine migrant fish highly valuable for fisheries and aquaculture. Although juveniles are known to use estuaries and occasionally move to freshwater environments, these freshwater incursions had not been reported for adults. Recently, this behavior was observed in the Tagus River (Portugal) for adults occurring up to 150 km from the river mouth, about 80 km upstream from the tidal influence, suggesting the existence of a freshwater contingent. Fisheries management of sea bass should consider the putative existence of a freshwater contingent.
Capturing Macro‐Economic Tail Risks with Bayesian Vector Autoregressions
Authors: CARRIERO ANDREA , CLARK TODD E. , MARCELLINO MASSIMILIANO 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany studies using quantile regressions (QRs) have found that downside risk to output growth varies more than upside risk. We show that Bayesian vector autoregressions (BVARs) with stochastic volatility are able to capture tail risks in forecast distributions. Even though the one‐step‐ahead conditional predictive distributions from the conventional stochastic volatility specification are symmetric, forecasts of downside risks to output growth are more variable than upside risks, and the reverse applies in the case of inflation and unemployment. Overall, BVAR models perform comparably to QR for estimating and forecasting tail risks, complementing BVARs' established performance for forecasting and structural analysis.
Why do patients transition between orthodontic appliances? A qualitative analysis of patient decision‐making
Authors: Alansari Reem , Vaiid Nikhillesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo gain an in‐depth understanding of patients' decision‐making processes when choosing to transition to a different orthodontic appliance (OA).MethodsThis was a retrospective qualitative study using one‐on‐one in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. Patients were recruited through purposive convenience sampling. Participants who had elected to transition from and to one of these OAs: metal brackets, tooth‐coloured brackets, or clear aligners before the end of treatment were recruited. Recruitment ceased when data saturation was achieved. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty‐three adult participants (12 males, 11 females) with their ages ranging from 18 to 52 years were interviewed. The analysis of the data revealed that participants perceived two reasons for the transition: (1) insufficient initial information and (2) evolving life circumstances and personal style. Data analysis of participants who expressed a notable discrepancy between their expectations and the reality of the OA they chose revolved around three themes: (a) health benefits and threats, (b) personal control, and (c) financial considerations. Data analysis of participants who described transitioning between OAs due to changes in personal circumstances and style, revealed two themes: (a) change in personal values and motivations and (b) change in social and psychological influence.ConclusionsThis qualitative study highlighted the complex multifactorial nature of patient decision‐making when choosing and transitioning OAs. Orthodontists can benefit from understanding these factors to engage in thorough patient‐centered counselling, provide tailored treatment recommendations, and optimize the choice of appliances.
Eugenic fictions and radical resistances
Authors: Richardson Angelique 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the inspiration of Charles Darwin and J. S. Mill for writers and feminists at the end of the nineteenth century, tracing ways in which Darwin's anti‐essentialism and his commitment to monogenism—the idea of the unity of races—and Mill's challenge to innatism—the idea that biology is wholly determining—provided a vital framework for early objections to eugenics. This anti‐essentialism also helped to expose ways in which capitalism employed biologism, the attribution to nature of that which is social. The paper also explores the opposition to fascism which a socialist internationalism informed by monogenism was able to provide in the early twentieth century, as evidenced in the work of Sylvia Pankhurst and at the Battle of Cable Street. It concludes by considering, through the friendship of Hardy and Sassoon, ways in which poetry protesting the First World War denounced the biologistic thought and division that so often underpinned militarism.
A longitudinal study of long‐term renal outcome after pediatric liver transplantation in relation to CNI exposure
Authors: Vandewiele Simon , Herman Jean , van den Heuvel Lambert , Knops Noël 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is reported in 20%–30% of children after liver transplantation (LT). One of the proposed underlying causes is the long‐term exposure to tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), which is the main immunosuppressive drug used after LT. Variation in tacrolimus absolute exposure and relative dose requirements are believed to be important risk factors for developing CNI‐associated nephrotoxicity.AimTo describe the long‐term renal outcome of pediatric LT recipients and determine the effects of tacrolimus exposure on renal outcome parameters.MethodsRetrospective single center study of renal function (GFR, proteinuria) and pharmacokinetic parameters (C0, AUC0–12h) obtained during annual follow‐up in children after liver transplantation, between 1998 and 2019. Relevant pharmacogenetic variants for tacrolimus disposition (CYP3A5 and ABCB1) were determined in recipients and donors. The evolution of individual renal function and tacrolimus exposure was evaluated using linear mixed models for repeated measurements.ResultsTwenty‐six children were included (mean follow‐up: 10.4 years (range 2–18.9)). Mean estimated GFR was 109.3 (SE: 7.4), vs. measured: 91.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (SE: 6.3), which remained stable during follow‐up. CKD stage ≥2 was observed in 32.8% of the visits based on eGFR versus 50.0% on mGFR. CKD stage ≥3 was uncommon (4.1% and 6.2% resp.). Mean tacrolimus C0 was 5.3 ng/mL (SE: 2.5) with a AUC0–12h of 72.7 ng*h/mL (SE: 30.3), which demonstrated a small decrease during follow‐up. There was a negative correlation between C0 and mGFR (rS = −0.3; p < .001). We found no correlation between GFR and tacrolimus dose requirements ((ng/mL)/(mg/kg)) or pharmacogenetic background.ConclusionRenal function during long‐term follow‐up after pediatric LT remained stable for the majority of our cohort. However, mild CKD was relatively common, warranting follow‐up into adulthood. Although absolute tacrolimus exposure has a small depressing effect on concurrent GFR, there is no progressive deterioration of GFR due to long‐term exposure, dose requirements or genetic background under the current target levels. These findings should be confirmed in a larger sample set, ideally including data from multiple centers.
Impact of virtual reality‐based therapy on post‐stroke depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Blázquez‐González Patricia , Mirón‐González Rubén , Lendínez‐Mesa Alejandro , Luengo‐González Raquel , Mancebo‐Salas Noelia , Camacho‐Arroyo María Teresa , Martínez‐Hortelano José Alberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost‐stroke depression is the most common neuropsychiatric consequence and reduces rehabilitation effectiveness. However, the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) on mental health treatment for patients after a stroke is uncertain.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of VR as a co‐adjuvant form of treatment to reduce depression in stroke patients admitted to neurorehabilitation units.MethodsWe systematically searched medical databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to November 16, 2023. Clinical trials comparing the use of VR as an adjuvant form of treatment in stroke patients' rehabilitation with the usual treatment were included. Pooled standardized mean differences were calculated using a random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to type of stroke, VR characteristics, and the scale used to measure depression. Meta‐regression analysis was performed for intervention duration and to determine the mean age of the participants.ResultsEight studies and 388 stroke patients were included. The VR interventions were associated with a lower risk of depression in patients (ES = −0.69; 95% CI [−1.05, −0.33]; I2 = 57.6%; p ≤ .02). The estimates were not affected by the type of stroke, the type of VR used, the blinding process, the type of scale used to detect depression, the duration of the intervention (weeks and minutes), and the total number of sessions. Meta‐regression shows that younger samples (p = .00; 95% CI [0.01, 0.08) and longer interventions (p = < .05; 95% CI [−0.00, −0.00) lead to a greater reduction in depression.Linking Evidence to ActionThis review provides an important basis for treating depression in patients after a stroke. Professionals working in stroke neurorehabilitation units should consider VR as a form of co‐adjuvant treatment for depression in patients.Systematic Review RegistrationCRD42022303968.
An Examination of the Effects of Source Gender on Perceived Credibility of Esports Shoutcasters
Authors: Charitat Celine , Cianfrone Beth A. 
Published: December 2023

Esports broadcasters, known as shoutcasters, are an important part of the professional gaming industry. The credibility of these shoutcasters is an area that is understudied, yet critical from a production, consumption, and administrative standpoint. There are few women in this role, and research has shown women who work in the gaming industry may face hostility and toxic masculinity. Audience views of casters have not been empirically tested. Following the source credibility theory, the purpose of this study was to explore gamers’ perceptions of trustworthiness and expertise of male and female shoutcasters in the professional gaming industry. A quasi-experimental design was employed in which gamers (N = 239) were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each group watched a video of a League of Legends match and evaluated the casters, either (a) two males or (b) one male and one female. Participants did not perceive differences in casters’ expertise levels but did have a small significant difference with the female caster being perceived as more trustworthy than the male. While controlling for gamer identification and involvement, there were no significant differences in a female/male pairing’s expertise and trustworthiness in comparison to the all-male pairing. Discussion centers on the findings with consideration that esports are often a noninclusive space.
Outcomes for pregnant women with Borderline Personality Disorder who attended a specialist antenatal service
Authors: Nguyen Thinh , Frayne Jacqueline , Watson Stuart , Galbally Megan 
Published: December 2023

Objective Our study focussed on the obstetric and psychosocial outcomes of pregnant women with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) who received care via a specialist antenatal clinic in Western Australia. Method This study is a retrospective examination of outcomes for 80 women with a confirmed diagnosis of BPD, with findings compared with published population outcome data for the state. Results Pregnant women with BPD appeared to be at a risk of complications including pre-eclampsia and special care nursery admission for their newborns when compared to population data. Furthermore, the studied women had elevated rates of psychiatric admissions during pregnancy, child protection involvement, and domestic violence. Polypharmacy exposure was frequent, with the likely impact on obstetric and neonatal outcomes requiring further study. Conclusion The findings reinforced the notion that pregnant women with BPD experience complex multifaceted vulnerabilities and require enhanced multidisciplinary care. Our study further calls for the development of clinical practice guidelines for managing BPD in the perinatal period.
Αξιολόγηση της εισαγωγικής φάσης μιας διδακτικής μαθησιακής ακολουθίας σε θέματα σωματιδιακής φυσικής
Authors: Κλαυδιανού Στυλιανή , Μολοχίδης Αναστάσιος 
Published: December 2023

Η σωματιδιακή φυσική αποτελεί γνωστικό περιεχόμενο που ενδιαφέρει τους μαθητές, μιας και είναι πειραματικά ενεργή και επίκαιρη στην επιστημονική κοινότητα. Το ελληνικό πρόγραμμα σπουδών εμπεριέχει αποσπασματικά έννοιες σωματιδιακής φυσικής χωρίς να υπάρχει ωστόσο ειδικό κεφάλαιο. Η παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζει το εισαγωγικό στάδιο του σχεδιασμού μιας διδακτικής μαθησιακής ακολουθίας (ΔΜΑ) σε θέματα σωματιδιακής φυσικής: διερευνήθηκαν εναλλακτικές αντιλήψεις των μαθητών, όπως αυτές αναφέρονται στη βιβλιογραφία, αναπτύχθηκαν δραστηριότητες που διαχειρίζονται το εννοιολογικό περιεχόμενο και εισάγουν τον πειραματισμό με στόχο να βοηθηθούν οι μαθητές να διαχειριστούν τις δυσκολίες αυτές.