bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: A ball valve blood clot in the airways – life-saving whole tube suction
Authors: Dongelmans Dave A , Jonkers Rene E , Schultz Marcus J 
Published: June 2004

AbstractRespiratory tract obstruction due to a blood clot may result in life threatening ventilatory impairment. Ball valve blood clot obstructions of the airways are rare. A ball valve blood clot acts as a one-way valve, allowing (near) normal air entry into the airways, but (completely) blocking expiration. In a near fatal case of obstruction of the airways by a ball valve blood clot, we performed 'whole tube suction' to resolve the airway problem.
Atrial natriuretic factor in normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Brancaccio Gianluca , Michielon Guido , Di Donato Roberto M , Costa Dina , Falzea Fabio , Miraldi Fabio 
Published: June 2004

Background: To evaluate the plasmatic changes of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in normothermia and hypothermia. Methods: Twenty-three patients (n=23) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. In Group I (n=11), the patients underwent operation in normothermia; in Group II (n=12), the operation was performed in hypothermia (268C). Results: Plasma ANF levels were determined after induction of anaesthesia, at the end of CPB and one hour postoperatively. There were no demographic differences between the two groups, diuresis (p=0.90) and natriuresis (p=0.95). Plasma levels of ANF were significantly elevated during and after CPB in both groups (p <0.01). The groups differed significantly for plasma levels of ANF during CPB and postoperatively ( p<0.05), but did not differ prebypass (p=0.08). There was no correlation in either group between ANF release and central venous pressure, natriuresis and diuresis. There was only a borderline relationship between ANF concentration and diuresis after CPB in Group I. Conclusion: CPB triggers the production and release of ANF. The present study demonstrates a significantly enhanced ANF release during hypothermia and reperfusion after ischaemia. Thus, these data suggest the protective role of ANF on the hypoxic myocardium, and they confirm that ANF does not play a role in diuresis and natriuresis during and after hypothermic CPB.
Methylprednisolone prevents inflammatory reaction occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass: effects on TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10
Authors: Celik Jale Bengi , Gormus Niyazi , Okesli Selmin , Gormus Zulfikare Işik , Solak Hasan 
Published: June 2004

Objective: This study examined the correlation between tumour necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, IL-10 and methylprednisolone pretreatment. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized and double-blinded study. Sixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomized to receive either intravenous methylprednisolone (n=30, Group M) or intravenous placebo (n=30, Group S). The patients received intravenously either 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (Group M) or placebo (Group S) 10 min before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In an intensive care unit (ICU), four additional doses were given at 6-hourly intervals. Blood samples for the measurements of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were obtained before induction of anaesthesia (T0=control value), after induction (T1), before starting CPB (T2), after aortic declamping (T3), at the end of CPB (T4) and 6 hours (T5), 12 hours (T6) and 24 hours (T7) after skin closure. Creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) were evaluated at the following intervals: T0, T5, T6 and T7. Results: When compared with the control value, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 significantly increased in Group S and Group M (p B-0.05), but these values were significantly greater in Group S than in Group M (p B-0.05). In comparison with the control value, IL-10 increased in both groups (p B-0.05), but was significantly greater in Group M than in Group S (p B-0.05). CK and CK-MB were increased in both groups in postoperative values compared to control values. In Group S, CK and CK-MB levels were significantly lower than in Group M (p B-0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we have found that pre-operative administration of methylprednisolone has decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 release, and increased the perfusing IL-10 levels after CPB. Thus, methylpredniso-lone may decrease the inflammatory response during the CPB procedure.
Comparison of the effect of venovenous versus venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on renal blood flow in newborn lambs
Authors: Ingyinn Ma , Rais-Bahrami Khodayar , Evangelista Rebecca , Hogan Inger , Rivera Oswaldo , Mikesell Gerald T , Short Billie L 
Published: June 2004

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) using double lumen catheters is an alternative to venoarterial (VA) ECMO and allows for total blood flow using the patient’s cardiac output in comparison to partial blood flow provided during VA ECMO. Objective: To compare the effects of VV versus VA ECMO on renal blood flow. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory in a hospital. Subject: Newborn lambs 1-7 days of age (n=15). Interventions: In anesthetized, ventilated lambs, fe-moral artery and vein were cannulated for monitoring and renal venous blood sampling. An ultrasonic flow probe was placed on the left renal artery for continuous renal blood flow measurements. Animals were randomly assigned to control (non-ECMO), VV ECMO and VA ECMO groups. After systemic heparinization, the animals were cannulated and studied at bypass flows of 120 mL-kg/min (partial bypass) for two hours in both ECMO groups and 200 mL/kg/min (full bypass) for an additional 30 min in the VA group. Changes in blood pressure and renal flow on ECMO and during ECMO bridge unclamping were recorded continuously. Plasma renin activity (PRA) levels were sequentially sampled. Results: Systemic blood pressure was not different in VV or VA ECMO at partial bypass flow. However, systemic blood pressure increased significantly at maximal bypass flow in the VA ECMO group. There was no change in renal flow in either VV or VA ECMO groups. PRA levels did not correlate with bypass flow change. During unclamping of the ECMO bridge, blood pressure and renal flow drop significantly in the VA group, but not in the VV group. Conclusion: VV and VA ECMO at partial bypass flows had comparable effect on blood pressure, renal blood flow and PRA level in this short-term study. However, unclamping of the ECMO bridges did differentially affect blood pressure and renal blood flow between VV and VA groups. We speculate that this repeated acute change in long-run VA ECMO support may play a role in the persistent hypertension seen in some patients.
Comparison of a Duraflo II-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and a trillium-coated oxygenator during open-heart surgery
Authors: Hoel Tom N , Videm Vibeke , Baksaas Svein T , Mollnes Tom E , Brosstad Frank , Svennevig Jan L 
Published: June 2004

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) evokes a systemic inflammatory response. In attempting to improve the biocompatibility of the equipment, various methods to coat the inner surfaces of the CPB systems have been developed. The present study compares a Trillium Biopassive surface-coated Affinity oxygenator with a Duraflo II totally heparin-coated CPB system. Methods: Low-risk patients admitted for primary coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement were randomized to operation using the Trillium- or the Duraflo II-coated setups. Heparin concentration, complement activation (C3bc activation products and terminal complement complex (TCC)), platelet activation (platelet numbers and beta-thromboglobulin (BTG)), leukocyte activation (leukocyte numbers and myeloperoxidase (MPO)), coagulation (thrombin/antithrombin complexes (TAT)) and fibrinolytic activity (plasmin/a2-antiplasmin complexes (PAP)) were measured during CPB and two hours postoperatively. Results: Platelet counts decreased during CPB, without significant intergroup differences. The median BTG concentration increased moderately in both groups and were slightly higher in the Trillium group during CPB (p B-0.05), but not postoperatively. Complement activation products (C3bc and TCC), leukocyte counts, MPO, TAT and PAP activity showed no differences between the two groups. Conclusions: There were small differences in the inflammatory response between the two extracorporeal circulation devices compared in this study.
Improved hydrodynamics of a new aortic cannula with a novel tip design
Authors: Scharfschwerdt Michael , Richter Axel , Boehmer Kurt , Repenning Detlef , Sievers Hans-H. 
Published: June 2004

Background: Reduction of atheroembolic complications during cardiopulmonary bypass remains a major challenge in cardiac surgery. New cannula tip designs may help to attenuate this problem by improved hydrodynamics. Methods: Pressure gradients and back pressures of a new aortic cannula tip design were measured and compared with the Medos X-Flow, Sarns Soft-Flow and Argyle THI cannulae at various flow rates in a mock circulation followed by flow visualization. Results: Pressure gradients were the lowest for the new cannula. Back pressures of the new cannula were up to 84% lower than for the Argyle cannula. The back pressure profile and flow visualization of the new cannula showed broad centric flow dispersion with a transcannula increase of flow area from 38 mm2 to 139 mm2. Conclusions: The new design of an aortic cannula tip provides improved hydrodynamics, with low pressure gradients, low back pressures and a uniform central dispersion of flow, reducing the sandblasting effect.
Small group processes relevant to data monitoring committees in controlled clinical trials: an overview of reviews
Authors: Walker Anne E , McLeer Sharon K ,   DAMOCLES group
Published: June 2004

Background The quality of the decisions reached by data monitoring committees (DMCs) is crucial. The aim of this paper is to identify factors that may make errors more or less likely in small, task-oriented, decision-making expert groups and to consider the implications of these factors for data monitoring committees. Methods A systematic overview was carried out of reviews of empirical studies of small group processes and decision errors in small, task-oriented decision-making groups in laboratory or real-world settings, published between 1950 and 2002 (n = 57 included reviews). Results These reviews suggest that a number of factors may increase the likelihood that small groups will make poor and potentially erroneous decisions. The most important of these, in terms of empirical support, are: biased or overly directive leadership, expression of a limited range of opinions during group discussion, poor procedures for identifying or appraising the available information, and presentation of the available information in a way that is likely to result in biased perception of it. Conclusions The main implications for DMCs relate to membership, the role of the chairperson, the information provided for DMCs and training for DMC members. Selection methods that encourage a degree of diversity within the DMC are recommended. Chairs of DMCs should be experienced members, who have the skills to facilitate a discussion, can manage conflict effectively and can be impartial. Adherence to a prespecified analysis plan is recommended to reduce the risk of error associated with strong evidence or excess information. Training in the use of methodical decision-making procedures, education about the factors that influence decision quality and an opportunity to participate in mock DMC discussions may be of benefit for new members.
Heavy Metals in Marine Coastal Sediments: Assessing Sources, Fluxes, History and Trends
Authors: Frignani Mauro , Bellucci Luca Giorgio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractExamples are presented from the Adriatic Sea, the Ligurian Sea and the Venice Lagoon to illustrate different approaches to the study of anthropogenic metals in marine coastal sediments. These examples refer to studies of areal distribution and transport mechanisms, individuation of the sources, sediment dating, chronology of the fluxes, present and past trends. In particular, some of the findings achieved in studying the Venice Lagoon are discussed from the point of view of anthropogenic changes both in sediment composition and contaminant fluxes.
Importance and Difficulties of Research on Metal Speciation in the Aquatic Ecosystem: an Ecologist's Viewpoint
Authors: Ravera Oscar 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPost‐war research on the role of heavy metals in the environment was stimulated by a new sensitivity towards nature, the increasing impact of human activities on the environment, continuous progress in analytical chemistry and the development of radioecology. Nowadays, very low concentrations of total metal can be quantified in the various compartments of the ecosystem (e.g. water, sediment, suspended particles, plants and animals), and the physical and chemical forms of the metal identified. A current difficulty is how to evaluate the role of the various metal forms in the natural ecosystem. The major issues to be tackled are: variations over time of metal species in relation to the influence of environmental variables; the fact that the availability of the metal varies with the plant and animal species; the ability of the organism to select the metals and their forms; the influence of suspended particles and chelating substances on metal uptake, detoxification strategies and synergic and antagonistic effects. The advantages and disadvantages of monitoring using bioaccumulator organisms are discussed.
FT‐IR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics as a Useful Approach for Determining Chemical‐Physical Properties of Gasoline, by Minimizing Analytical Times and Sample Handling
Authors: Pavoni Bruno , Rado Nadia , Piazza Rossano , Frignani Silvano 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSince recently Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopy is being used in the petrol industry for determining important chemical‐physical properties of gasoline. This technique enables to achieve results similar to those obtainable with standard methods at shorter times, lower costs and safer sample handling. This can be obtained by employing multivariate regression models in the framework of a chemometric analytical approach. In the present work some gasoline properties including density, Reid vapor pressure, Research Octane Number, aromatic hydrocarbons content and fraction recovered at 70 °C were determined with standard methods (ISO, CEN, ASTM) on 93 samples of unleaded gasoline produced in an oil refinery. The same samples were also analyzed by FT‐IR spectrophotometry, recording absorptions of seven characteristic bands. The obtained values of chemical‐physical and spectroscopic properties were used to develop and validate a multivariate regression model. This established an experimental correlation between these two sets of variables derived from the same gasoline samples. The model was able to correctly predict the chemical physical properties of a set of unknown gasoline samples produced in the same refinery starting from the spectroscopic ones.
Spectrophotometric Studies on the Complexation Equilibria of Ni and Pb with 2‐Carboxy‐2‐Hydroxy‐5'‐Sulfo‐Formazylbenzene. Simultaneous Determination of Trace Amounts of Ni and Pb
Authors: Hashem Elham Y. , Abu‐Bakr Mohamed S. , Hussain Sawsan M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSpectrophotometric studies have been made to investigate the reaction of Nickel and Lead with 2‐carboxy‐2'‐hydroxy‐5'‐sulfoformazyl‐benzene (zincon) in 50%(v/v) ethanol‐water at 25 °C and an ionic strength of 0.1 M NaClO4. A complete picture of the complexation equilibria in the pH range (4.2‐12.0) for nickel and (1.9‐11.5) for lead are presented. Simple, rapid, selective and sensitive methods for the spectro‐photometric determination of nickel and lead has been developed based on the color reaction of their complexes with zincon. The methods allow the determination of 4.69 μg mL‐1 of nickel at pH = 6.3 (λmax = 665 nm) and 10.3 μg ml‐1 of lead at pH = 5.6 (λmax = 610 nm). The apparent molar absorptivities were ε = 1.3 × 104 L mol‐1 cm‐1 for nickel and ε = 0.6 × 104 L mol‐1cm‐1 for lead. The interference of a large number of foreign ions and complexing agents has been studied. Thiosulphate, as masking agent allows the simultaneous determination of nickel and lead in the presence of high concentrations of copper. Ascorbic acid, sodium cyanide and or sodium fluoride provide the elimination of many other interferences. The methods have been applied successfully to the simultaneous determination of nickel and lead in an aluminium and non‐ferrous alloy
Synergistic Extraction of Cobalt (II) by β Hydroxy Naphthaldoxime and Neutral Donors
Authors: Banerjee Shrabanti , Basu Sukalyan 
Published: June 2004

AbstractLiquid — liquid extraction of Cobalt (II) from aqueous hydrochloric acid medium by the use of oxime derivative of β‐hydroxy naphthaldehyde in o‐xylene medium is being reported. The ligand was synthesized and characterized in our laboratory. The typical pH range of extraction of Co (II) by the ligand — donor combination was seen to be between 8 — 9. The effect of different donors like dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) and bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphonate and the effect of various diluents on the extraction of Co(II) by the present method were studied in detail. The binary adduct formation constant (log kex) in the organic phase was found to be 3.182. The overall equilibrium constant (log K) for the ternary species [Co(A)(DMSO)(Cl)], [Co(A)(TOPO)(Cl)] and [Co(A)(phosphonate)(Cl)] were estimated to be 6.42, 6.22 and 6.25 respectively. The trend in equilibrium constants were in accordance with their basic character, i.e., (DMSO > TOPO ≅ phosphonate). The results were extrapolated in the determination of Cobalt in pharmaceutical drugs and cobalt bearing ore samples.
Costello syndrome with growth hormone deficiency and hypoglycemia: A new report and review of the endocrine associations
Authors: Gregersen Nerine , Viljoen Denis 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe describe an 18‐month‐old boy with Costello syndrome (CS) with proven partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency and hypoglycemic episodes. The hypoglycemia is deemed to be due to cortisol deficiency. This report represents the second published case of cortisol deficiency in the CS. A brief review of the endocrine disturbances in the syndrome is provided. We highlight the need for careful endocrinological evaluation of individuals with CS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paternal transmission of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Zeesman Susan , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Whelan Donald T. , Hagerman Randi J. , Tassone Flora , Taylor Sherryl A.M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a family in which a fragile X mosaic male, who carries both premutation and full mutation alleles in his peripheral blood leukocytes, has a daughter with both premutation and partially methylated full mutation alleles and a significant developmental disability. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an occurrence and it challenges current thinking about the expansion and transmission of unstable FMR1 alleles from men to their daughters. It is currently accepted that neither males with premutations nor full mutations are at risk for having daughters with full mutations and fragile X syndrome. The sperm cells of full mutation males are thought to carry only premutation alleles. These alleles, when transmitted through a male, regardless of his cognitive status, are thought to be unable to expand to full mutations in the next generation. In effect, the expansion from premutation to full mutation has only been observed through female meioses. The sperm cells in the father in this family have been shown to contain only alleles in the premutation range. Since his daughter has both premutation and full mutation alleles the expansion to full mutation in this case must have occurred postzygotically. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Worry about ovarian cancer risk and use of screening by high‐risk women: How you recruit affects what you find
Authors: Andersen M. Robyn , Nelson Judy , Peacock Sue , Giedzinska Antoinette , Dresher Charles , Bowen Deborah , Urban Nicole 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral studies have described the characteristics of women at high‐risk for ovarian cancer who are participating in registry studies and high‐risk screening programs. These studies have found high‐risk women to report high levels of perceived risk and worry about their risk for ovarian cancer. In contrast, population based studies have found that while high‐risk women did report high levels of perceived risk, they did not report high levels of worry about their risk. In this study, we examine reports of perceived risk, worry about ovarian cancer, and use of screening by high‐risk women recruited to participate in a survey from several recruitment sources. These sources include self‐, physician‐, and affected patient relative‐referral, a fundraising mailer, and a mass mailing to a commercial mailing list. High‐risk women recruited via mass mailing were less likely than those recruited via physicians or affected relatives to report either worry about their risk or use of ovarian cancer screening tests. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between the neurofibromatosis‐1 (NF1) locus and autism in the Japanese population
Authors: Marui Tetsuya , Hashimoto Ohiko , Nanba Eiji , Kato Chieko , Tochigi Mamoru , Umekage Tadashi , Ishijima Michiko , Kohda Kazuhisa , Kato Nobumasa , Sasaki Tsukasa 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAutistic patients have a 100 to 190‐fold increased risk of neurofibromatosis compared to the general population. This suggests that the two diseases may share a common etiological background. Recently, a new allele (or the six‐repeat allele) of the (AAAT)n repeat polymorphism in an Alu sequence in the neurofibromatosis‐1 (NF1) gene was observed exclusively in severe autistic patients, not in controls, in Caucasians of French ancestry. This suggests a role of the NF1 gene in the development of autism. We investigated three microsatellite polymorphisms within the intron‐27b and intron‐38 of the NF1 region, including the (AAAT)n and two (CA)n repeat polymorphisms, in Japanese subjects with autism (n = 74) and controls (n = 122). The six‐repeat allele of the (AAAT)n polymorphism was not found either in patients or controls, possibly indicating an ethnic difference in the polymorphism. However, significant differences were observed in the allele distributions of the (AAAT)n and a (CA)n, which were located at intron‐27b, between patients and controls, although an association was not significant between autism and another polymorphism at intron‐38. This may suggest an involvement of the NF1 locus in susceptibility to autism, although further investigations are recommended. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase II protects in a model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tieu Kim , Perier Celine , Vila Miquel , Caspersen Casper , Zhang Hui‐Ping , Teismann Peter , Jackson‐Lewis Vernice , Stern David M. , Yan Shi Du , Przedborski Serge 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) impairs mitochondrial respiration and damages dopaminergic neurons as seen in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we report that L‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase type II/amyloid binding alcohol dehydrogenase (HADH II/ABAD), a mitochondrial oxidoreductase enzyme involved in neuronal survival, is downregulated in PD patients and in MPTP‐intoxicated mice. We also show that transgenic mice with increased expression of human HADH II/ABAD are significantly more resistant to MPTP than their wild‐type littermates. This effect appears to be mediated by overexpression of HADH II/ABAD mitigating MPTP‐induced impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. This study demonstrates that HADH II/ABAD modulates MPTP neurotoxicity and suggests that HADH II/ABAD mimetics may provide protective benefit in the treatment of PD. Ann Neurol 2004;56:51–60