bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web servicing the biological office
Authors: Szugat Martin , Güttler Daniel , Fundel Katrin , Sohler Florian , Zimmer Ralf 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Summary: Biologists routinely use Microsoft Office applications for standard analysis tasks. Despite ubiquitous internet resources, information needed for everyday work is often not directly and seamlessly available. Here we describe a very simple and easily extendable mechanism using Web Services to enrich standard MS Office applications with internet resources. We demonstrate its capabilities by providing a Web-based thesaurus for biological objects, which maps names to database identifiers and vice versa via an appropriate synonym list. The client application ProTag makes these features available in MS Office applications using Smart Tags and Add-Ins.
Availability: http://services.bio.ifi.lmu.de/prothesaurus/
Contact: prothesaurus@bio.ifi.lmu.de
Does intermediate care minimize relocation stress for patients leaving the ICU?
Authors: Beard Helen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRelocation stress is a phenomenon in which physical and psychological disturbances are experienced following transfer from one environment to another [Carpenito LJ. (2000). Nursing Diagnosis. Application to Clinical Practice, 8th edn]. The purpose of this review was to identify whether a period of intermediate care minimizes the problems associated with relocation stress after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) and before transfer to the ward. Methods of retrieving the literature involved identifying key terms, utilizing a range of databases and applying specific criteria in order to delineate the boundaries of the search. Using electronic and manual search methods, 11 studies were selected, both primary and secondary research. Following tabulation and critiquing of the studies, the findings of the review suggest that the factors which contribute towards relocation stress are the loss of one‐to‐one nursing, a reduction of visible monitoring equipment, lack of continuity of care and inadequate preparation of the patient for the transfer. The evidence also indicates that in order to minimize these factors, early planning and preparation of the patient for transfer are required, incorporating strategies of gradual reduction in nursing attention and monitoring equipment and the provision of information. Although the benefits of intermediate care are established as being advanced monitoring, appropriate nurse‐to‐patient ratio, heightened demonstration of expert knowledge and skill, there is no sufficient evidence to indicate a period of intermediate care that can ease the transition from the ICU to the ward.
Changes in stoichiometric constraints on epilithon and benthic macroinvertebrates in response to slight nutrient enrichment of mountain rivers
Authors: BOWMAN MICHELLE F. , CHAMBERS PATRICIA A. , SCHINDLER DAVID W. 
Published: October 2005

Summary1. To assess changes in stoichiometric constraints on stream benthos, we measured elemental composition of epilithon and benthic macroinvertebrates in intrinsically P‐limited mountain rivers, upstream and downstream of low‐level anthropogenic nutrient enrichment by effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants.2. While there was a broad range in the elemental composition of epilithon (C : P ratios of 200–16 500, C : N ratios of 8–280, N : P ratios of 8–535) and heptageniid mayfly scrapers (C : P ratios of 125–300, C : N ratios of 5.1–7.2, N : P ratios of 20–60), the average C : P ratio of epilithon was 10‐fold lower and the average C : N ratio twofold lower at more nutrient‐rich downstream sites. Nutrient ratios in benthic macroinvertebrates were lower than in epilithon and varied little between relatively nutrient‐poor and nutrient‐rich sites.3. We modified the existing definition of producer‐consumer elemental imbalance to allow for variation in consumer nutrient content. We defined this ‘non‐homeostatic’ imbalance as the perpendicular distance between the producer and consumer C : P, C : N, or N : P ratios, and the 1 : 1 line.4. At P‐limited sites, the estimated mayfly N : P recycling ratio was higher than the N : P ratio in epilithon, suggesting nutrient recycling by consumers could accentuate P‐limitation of epilithon.5. Measuring the degree of producer–consumer nutrient imbalance may be important in predicting the magnitude of effects from nutrient enrichment and can help elucidate the causes and consequences of ecological patterns and processes in rivers.
Sink habitats can alter ecological outcomes for competing species
Authors: SCHREIBER SEBASTIAN J. , KELTON MOLLY 
Published: October 2005

Summary

Species often compete for breeding sites in heterogeneous landscapes consisting of sources and sinks. To understand how the presence or absence of sink breeding sites influence ecological outcomes, we extend Pulliam's source–sink model to competing species.
In a homogeneous landscape consisting of source sites, we prove that one species, the ‘superior’ competitor, competitively excludes the other. Dominance is determined by a simple rule: the species that at equilibrium acquires new breeding sites at a faster rate dominates.
We prove that the inclusion of sink sites can alter this ecological outcome by either mediating coexistence, reversing competitive dominance, or facilitating a priority effect.
Sink‐mediated coexistence requires the species to exhibit asymmetries in acquiring sink sites, the ‘inferior’ species to have a competitive advantage on sink sites and the ratio of sink to source sites be sufficiently low.
For example, if the sink breeding sites are competitive refuges for the ‘inferior’ competitor and not too low in quality, coexistence occurs if the number of sink sites lies below a threshold. Alternatively, when the number of sink sites exceeds this threshold, competitive dominance is reversed and the ‘superior’ competitor is displaced.
Counter‐intuitively, despite being unable to support species in isolation, sink habitats embedded in a geographical mosaic of sources and sinks can enhance biodiversity by mediating coexistence or alter species composition by reversing competitive interactions.
Predation of beech seed by mice: effects of numerical and functional responses
Authors: RUSCOE WENDY A. , ELKINTON JOSEPH S. , CHOQUENOT DAVID , ALLEN ROBERT B. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThe functional response of post‐dispersal seed predators (house mouse,Mus musculus) to absolute densities of southern beech seed (Nothofagus solandrivar.cliffortioides) was studied in laboratory and field trials. House mice showed a Type II (hyperbolic) functional response to seed availability and this was not modified by the presence of an alternative food source.Maximum daily intake rate of beech seeds during field trials averaged 1042 seeds mouse−1. This is sufficient to provide house mice with both the energy and protein required for growth and reproduction.We explicitly incorporated the functional response into the numerical response of house mice to beech seed, measured for field populations monitored in a New Zealand beech forest. House mice showed a strong numerical response to beech seed intake rate that was modified by some density‐dependent mechanism(s).We developed a model that simulated seedfall, house mouse population growth and seed reserve depletion over one year. We found that the previously reported decline in house‐mouse populations in beech forests during spring and summer is likely to be related to spring beech seed germination that renders seed no longer available as a food source for house mice.From our simulation model it does not appear that house‐mouse populations can completely eat‐out beech seed reserves prior to germination in a year of large seedfall. ‘Masting’ behaviour in New Zealand native beech trees is therefore sufficient to satiate an eruptive population of an exotic mammalian omnivore, despite the lack of a long co‐evolutionary interaction.
Quantifying the impact of environmental factors on arthropod communities in agricultural landscapes across organizational levels and spatial scales
Authors: SCHWEIGER O. , MAELFAIT J. P. , VAN WINGERDEN W. , HENDRICKX F. , BILLETER R. , SPEELMANS M. , AUGENSTEIN I. , AUKEMA B. , AVIRON S. , BAILEY D. , BUKACEK R. , BUREL F. , DIEKÖTTER T. , DIRKSEN J. , FRENZEL M. , HERZOG F. , LIIRA J , ROUBALOVA M. , BUGTER R. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryIn landscapes influenced by anthropogenic activities, such as intensive agriculture, knowledge of the relative importance and interaction of environmental factors on the composition and function of local communities across a range of spatial scales is important for maintaining biodiversity.We analysed five arthropod taxa covering a broad range of functional aspects (wild bees, true bugs, carabid beetles, hoverflies and spiders) in 24 landscapes (4 × 4 km) across seven European countries along gradients of both land‐use intensity and landscape structure. Species–environment relationships were examined in a hierarchical design of four main sets of environmental factors (country, land‐use intensity, landscape structure, local habitat properties) that covered three spatial scales (region, landscape, local) by means of hierarchical variability partitioning using partial canonical correspondence analyses.Local community composition and the distribution of body size classes and trophic guilds were most affected by regional processes, which highly confounded landscape and local factors. After correcting for regional effects, factors at the landscape scale dominated over local habitat factors. Land‐use intensity explained most of the variability in species data, whereas landscape characteristics (especially connectivity) accounted for most of the variability in body size and trophic guilds.Synthesis and applications.Our results suggest that management effort should be focused on land‐use intensity and habitat connectivity in order to enhance diversity in agricultural landscapes. Since these factors are largely independent, specific conservation programmes may be developed with regards to socio‐economic and agri‐environmental requirements. Changes in either of these factors will enhance diversity but will also result in specific effects on local communities related to dispersal ability and the resource use of species.
Effects of slash harvest on bryophytes and vascular plants in southern boreal forest clear‐cuts
Authors: ÅSTRÖM MARCUS , DYNESIUS MATS , HYLANDER KRISTOFFER , NILSSON CHRISTER 
Published: October 2005

Summary
Slash harvesting from forests to provide bioenergy reduces the amount of woody debris in the managed forest landscape and changes the physical and chemical environment in clear‐cuts. We examined previously unstudied effects of commercial (i.e. non‐experimental) slash harvest on species composition and richness of liverworts, mosses and vascular plants. The results call for modification of commercial slash harvest practices.
Differences between conventionally harvested (i.e. slash left) and slash‐harvested stands were investigated 5–10 years after clear‐cutting through analysis of 28 paired stands, with one 0·1‐ha plot divided into five 0·02‐ha subplots in each stand.
The species composition of mosses and liverworts in 0·1‐ha plots was significantly affected by slash harvest, whereas the composition of vascular plant species was not.
The species richness of liverworts was significantly reduced by slash harvest in plots of both sizes, whereas moss richness was reduced only in 0·02‐ha plots. The loss of liverwort species was largest, with approximately one‐third of the species disappearing. The species richness of vascular plants was not significantly affected by slash harvest in either plot size.
Slash harvest reduced species richness of forest bryophytes and of bryophytes typically growing on organic substrates in open habitats. Species richness of non‐forest bryophytes on inorganic substrates remained unchanged.
Synthesis and applications. Our results show that slash harvest reduces shelter and woody substrates, which changes species composition and reduces species richness of liverworts and mosses in clear‐cuts. Increased mechanical disturbance that removes remnant vegetation and exposes mineral soil may also play a role. In order to conserve bryophytes, we advocate mitigation of adverse ecological effects through enhanced environmental care within slash‐harvested stands. Leaving more tree clusters, and creating and protecting large woody debris would be especially important in these stands, and would also improve the habitat for other organisms.
Evolutionary history of the European whitefishCoregonus lavaretus(L.) species complex as inferred from mtDNA phylogeography and gill‐raker numbers
Authors: ØSTBYE K. , BERNATCHEZ L. , NÆSJE T. F. , HIMBERG K.‐J. M. , HINDAR K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe compared mitochondrial DNA and gill‐raker number variation in populations of the European whitefishCoregonus lavaretus(L.) species complex to illuminate their evolutionary history, and discuss mechanisms behind diversification. Using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing 528 bp of combined parts of the cytochrome oxidaseb(cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) mithochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, we documented phylogeographic relationships among populations and phylogeny of mtDNA haplotypes. Demographic events behind geographical distribution of haplotypes were inferred using nested clade analysis (NCA) and mismatch distribution. Concordance between operational taxonomical groups, based on gill‐raker numbers, and mtDNA patterns was tested. Three major mtDNA clades were resolved in Europe: a North European clade from northwest Russia to Denmark, a Siberian clade from the Arctic Sea to southwest Norway, and a South European clade from Denmark to the European Alps, reflecting occupation in different glacial refugia. Demographic events inferred from NCA were isolation by distance, range expansion, and fragmentation. Mismatch analysis suggested that clades which colonized Fennoscandia and the Alps expanded in population size 24 500–5800 years before present, with minute female effective population sizes, implying small founder populations during colonization. Gill‐raker counts did not commensurate with hierarchical mtDNA clades, and poorly with haplotypes, suggesting recent origin of gill‐raker variation. Whitefish designations based on gill‐raker numbers were not associated with ancient clades. Lack of congruence in morphology and evolutionary lineages implies that the taxonomy of this species complex should be reconsidered.
The colonization of Europe by the freshwater crustaceanAsellus aquaticus(Crustacea: Isopoda) proceeded from ancient refugia and was directed by habitat connectivity
Authors: VEROVNIK R. , SKET B. , TRONTELJ P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecent continental‐scale phylogeographic studies have demonstrated that not all freshwater fauna colonized Europe from the classic Mediterranean peninsular refugia, and that northern or central parts of the continent were occupied before, and remained inhabited throughout the Pleistocene. The colonization history of the ubiquitous aquatic isopod crustaceanAsellus aquaticuswas assessed using mitochondrial COI and a variable part of nuclear 28S rDNA sequences. Phylogeographic analysis of the former suggested that dispersion proceeded possibly during late Miocene from the western part of the Pannonian basin. Several areas colonized from here have served as secondary refugia and/or origins of dispersion, well before the beginning of the Pleistocene. Postglacial large‐scale range expansion was coupled with numerous separate local dispersions from different refugial areas. Connectivity of the freshwater habitat has played an important role in shaping the current distribution of genetic diversity, which was highest in large rivers. The importance of hydrographic connections for the maintenance of genetic contact was underscored by a discordant pattern of mtDNA and nuclear rDNA differentiation. Individuals from all over Europe, differing in their mtDNA to a level normally found between species or even genera (maximal within population nucleotide divergence reached 0.16 ± 0.018), shared the same 28S rRNA gene sequence. Only populations from hydrographically isolated karst water systems in the northwestern Dinaric Karst had distinct 28S sequences. Here isolation seemed to be strong enough to prevent homogenization of the rRNA gene family, whereas across the rest of Europe genetic contact was sufficient for concerted evolution to act.
Water flow through junctions in Douglas‐fir roots
Authors: SCHULTE PAUL J. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTRoots are important conduits for the redistribution of water within the rooting zone. Root systems are often highly branched, and water flow between regions undoubtedly involves passage through junctions between individual roots. This study considered junctions in the roots of Douglas‐fir with regard to the resistances encountered by water flow through the xylem. Flow into the root branch distally along the main root encountered much greater resistance than flow into the branch and proximally along the main root (toward the plant stem). When the main root proximal to the junction was gradually shortened, the resistance to flow in the branch root and distally along the main root increased dramatically. Thus, flow in this manner appears to depend on lateral flow within the root over many centimetres proximal to the junction and not just within the direct connection at the junction. These results suggest that the hydraulic nature of junctions is an important aspect of hydraulic redistribution of water within the soil utilizing flow through roots.
Assessment of frequency, transmission, and genitourinary complications of enterobiasis (pinworms)
Authors: Burkhart Craig N. , Burkhart Craig G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground  Pinworms are the most common helminth infection in the USA and Western Europe, with prevalence rates in some communities of as high as 30–50%. Pinworms generally live in the gastrointestinal tract, and helminth infestations have been noted in over one‐quarter of acute appendectomies on histologic examination.Results & Conclusions  Although transmission is often attributed to the ingestion of infective eggs by nail biting and inadequate hand washing, inhalation and ingestion of airborne eggs also occur. The female Enterobius vermicularis migrates nightly to the perianal area to deposit her eggs, but some worms find their way into adjacent orifices, most commonly the female genitourinary tract, producing an array of symptoms. More consideration of this entity is justified in patients presenting with genitourinary complaints not responding to normal therapies. In the treatment of pinworms affecting genitourinary organs, treatment with possibly two oral agents, namely mebendazole and ivermectin, and a topical therapy for the eggs may be warranted.
Iatrogenic Mycobacterium abscessus infection associated with acupuncture: clinical manifestations and its treatment
Authors: Ryu Hwa Jung , Kim Woo Joo , Oh Chil Hwan , Song Hae Jun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground  Mycobacterial infections transmitted by acupuncture are an emerging problem. There have been two reports of mycobacterial infections complicating acupuncture in the English literature.Aim  To describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of patients who acquired localized Mycobacterium abscessus infection in the process of acupuncture.Methods  Clinical manifestations and responses to different methods of treatment were reviewed in 40 patients who developed various skin lesions after acupuncture at a Korean oriental medicine clinic.Results  The morphology of the lesions which developed at the acupuncture sites varied. Although the lesions disappeared with the combined administration of clarithromycin and amikacin for 3 months in most cases, five out of 25 patients (20%) showed residual lesions at the end of treatment, and had to be treated with a higher dosage of clarithromycin or alternative antibiotics based on sensitivity tests.Conclusions  We recommend at least 3 months of treatment with clarithromycin for treating skin infections caused by M. abscessus, with supplementary antibiotics selected based on patients’ drug sensitivity tests.
A case of pemphigus vulgaris accompanied by multiple myeloma
Authors: Kurokawa Motoki , Koketsu Hideki , Oda Yujiro , Nagamine Hidehiro , Toyama Takanori , Hashimoto Takashi , Setoyama Mitsuru 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPemphigus is a mucocutaneous intraepithelial blistering disease caused by autoantibodies to epithelial cell adhesion molecules (desmoglein). The association between pemphigus and malignant neoplasm is well recognized. We present the case of a 62‐year‐old woman with pemphigus vulgaris accompanied by multiple myeloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of pemphigus vulgaris concomitant with multiple myeloma. From the results of immunoblotting using normal human epidermal extracts and indirect immunofluorescence using rat bladder sections, and her clinical manifestations, our case does not seem to be one of paraneoplastic pemphigus.
Anti‐agalactosyl immunoglobulin G antibodies in localized scleroderma
Authors: Mimra Yoshihiro , Ihn Hronobu , Jinnin Masatoshi , Asano Yoshihide , Yamane Kenichi , Yazawa N , Tamaki Kunihiko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground  Anti‐agalactosyl immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti‐AG IgG) have been reported to be detected and correlated with disease activity in some collagen diseases.Method  Forty‐seven serum samples from patients with localized scleroderma were examined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results  Anti‐AG IgG were positive in 19% of patients with localized scleroderma. The frequency of anti‐AG IgG in generalized morphea was much higher than that in linear scleroderma or that in morphea. There was a significant correlation between anti‐AG IgG levels and the number of the sclerotic lesions and between anti‐AG IgG levels and the number of involved areas. The levels of anti‐AG IgG were significantly higher in patients with antinuclear antibody, antisingle‐stranded DNA antibody or rheumatoid factor than in those without.Conclusion  Anti‐AG IgG can be an indicator of the severity of localized scleroderma.
Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitization in Mongolia
Authors: Viinanen A. , Munhbayarlah S. , Zevgee T. , Narantsetseg L. , Naidansuren Ts. , Koskenvuo M. , Helenius H. , Terho E. O. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Studies in countries, such as Mongolia, which are in transition from farming to industrial society permit evaluation of the impact of environmental change on atopic diseases.Methods:  In the screening study, questionnaire data were obtained from 9453 subjects aged 10–60 years. In the clinical study, a subsample of 869 subjects (participation rate 50.0%) was examined. A questionnaire‐based interview, clinical examination, skin prick tests, spirometry and bronchodilation test or methacholine challenge test were used to define the clinical diagnoses. The prevalences of atopic diseases were evaluated at the population level using two‐phase data and sampling weights.Results:  The prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitization with 95% confidence intervals were 1.1% (0.3–2.0%), 9.3% (4.0–14.6%) and 13.6% (7.4–19.9%) in Mongolian villages, 2.4% (1.4–3.5%), 12.9% (8.2–17.7%) and 25.3% (17.1–33.6%) in rural towns and 2.1% (1.3–3.0%), 18.4% (13.3–23.4%) and 31.0% (24.5–37.5%) in Ulaanbaatar city, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (P = 0.02) and allergic sensitization (P = 0.003) increased significantly with increasing urbanization.Conclusions:  The prevalences of atopic diseases were low in rural Mongolia and increased with increasing urbanization suggesting that rural living environment protects against atopy.