bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention of membrane‐localized β‐catenin in cells lacking functional polycystin‐1 and tuberin
Authors: Kugoh Hiroyuki , Kleymenova Elena , Walker Cheryl Lyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe tuberous sclerosis (TSC) 2 tumor suppressor gene encodes the protein tuberin, which has recently been shown to play a crucial role in the intracellular trafficking of polycystin‐1, the product of the polycystic kidney disease (PDK) 1 gene. PKD1 is responsible for most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which has been described as “neoplasia in disguise.” Polycystin‐1 is a membrane protein localized to adherens junctions in a complex containing E‐cadherin and α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenins. To determine whether loss of membrane localization of polycystin‐1 and E‐cadherin affects the function of β‐catenin, β‐catenin localization and signaling were characterized in tuberin‐null EKT2 and ERC15 cells and in tuberin‐positive TRKE2 cells derived from polycystic, neoplastic, and normal rat kidney epithelial cells, respectively. EKT2 cells lacking tuberin because of inactivation of the Tsc2 gene fail to localize polycystin‐1 and E‐cadherin appropriately to these junctions. However, β‐catenin was retained at lateral cell membranes in both tuberin‐null and tuberin‐positive cells. Moreover, gene transcription mediated by β‐catenin T‐cell–specific transcription factor complexes showed no differences among EKT2, ERC15, and TRKE2 cells. Thus, β‐catenin was stably retained at the lateral cell membrane in tuberin‐null renal cells lacking membrane‐localized polycystin‐1 and E‐cadherin. These data suggest that, although loss of Tsc2 tumor suppressor gene function disrupts normal polycystin‐1 function and membrane localization of E‐cadherin, normal β‐catenin signaling is retained in tuberin‐null cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A goal programming model for crew duties generation
Authors: Chu Sydney C.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Journal of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis 10(5) 2001, 285.
This paper proposes a model for the generation of daily work duties of airside crew (being bus drivers) at the Hong Kong International Airport. The results can be adopted as a good crew schedule, in the sense that it is both feasible, satisfying requirements of various work conditions, and ‘optimal’ in minimizing overtime shifts. It is formulated as a goal programme, specifically designed to cater for the manpower planning issues to handle frequent changes of flight schedules by flexibility in work patterns of driver duties. Illustrative results from an actual case study are given. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of catecholamines by capillary electrophoresis using in‐run modified surfaces and covalently bonded surface coatings in capillaries
Authors: Sirén Heli , Vuorensola Katariina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe study was undertaken to improve the separation and the concentration sensitivity of catecholamines by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using laboratory‐coated capillaries. The coatings were made by adsorption using in‐run modification and by covalent bonding. The coating solutions used in‐run contained triethylamine (TEA), glycine or morpholine in acetate (pH 4.0) or phosphate buffers (pH 3.0). In the covalent bonding technique the coating was made with MAPT ((γ‐metacryloxypropyl)‐trimethoxysilane) using 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% solutions. The results obtained with the capillaries indicated that coating improved the efficiency of the CE systems in separation of the cationic catecholamines in ammonium acetate and sodium phosphate solutions. Furthermore, the analyses were more reproducible than if they were performed in bare silica capillaries. The highest plate numbers were obtained with the 1% and 50%‐MAPT coated capillaries or with 50 mM ammonium acetate–40 mM TEA electrolyte solution, although 20% and 30% MAPT‐coated capillaries gave the best resolution for the analytes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 126–133, 2001
Treatment of dystonic clenched fist with botulinum toxin
Authors: Cordivari Carla , Misra V. Peter , Catania Santiago , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFourteen patients with “dystonic clenched fist” (three with Corticobasal Ganglionic Degeneration, seven with Parkinson's disease, and four with Dystonic‐Complex Regional Pain Syndrome) were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTXA, Dysport®). The muscles involved were identified by the hand posture and EMG activity recorded at rest and during active and passive flexion/extension movements of the finger and wrist. EMG was useful in distinguishing between muscle contraction and underlying contractures and to determine the dosage of BTX. All patients had some degree of flexion at the proximal metacarpophalangeal joints and required injections into the lumbricals. The response in patients depended on the severity of the deformity and the degree of contracture. All patients had significant benefit to pain, with accompanying muscle relaxation, and palmar infection, when present, was eradicated. Four patients with Parkinson's disease and one patient with Dystonia‐Complex Regional Pain Syndrome obtained functional benefit. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Improvement of severe trunk spasms by bilateral high‐frequency stimulation of the motor thalamus in a patient with chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Burbaud Pierre , Rougier Alain , Ferrer Xavier , Guehl Dominique , Cuny E. , Arne Pierre , Gross Ch. , Bioulac B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a patient with a severe form of chorea‐acanthocytosis, intractable to medical treatment, who benefited from bilateral high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) of the posterior ventral oral nucleus of the thalamus. The frequency of trunk spasms dramatically decreased after surgery and the clinical benefit remained stable 1 year later. However, no clear effect was observed on dysarthria nor on hypotonia, which always impaired gait. We propose that HFS of the motor thalamus is a potential treatment for choreic or truncal dystonic symptoms whenever hypotonia is not the main feature of the syndrome. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society
Inside‐out versus standard artery graft to repair a sensory nerve in rats
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio de Castro , Silva Maeli Dal Pai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is known that a vein graft provides a good microenvironment for axon regeneration in motor peripheral nerves, but the use of artery graft for regeneration of sensory nerves is controversial. We sectioned the saphenous nerve and repaired it by using heterologous inside‐out and standard artery graft techniques in rats. After 4, 12, and 20 weeks, the graft and the distal stump were observed under electron microscopy. In each period studied, the pattern, diameters, and thickness of the myelin sheaths of the regenerated axons were measured in the graft and distal stump. There was capillary invasion in both the graft and distal stump, especially in the inside‐out artery graft group. Regenerated nerve fibers were prominent in both heterologous artery grafts 4 weeks after the surgical procedures. Conversely, in the distal stump, regenerated nerve fibers were observed only after 12 weeks. In both the inside‐out artery graft and standard artery graft, no statistical difference in the diameters and thickness of the myelinated fibers after 20 weeks was observed. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:102–107 2001
Functional and structural effects of GM‐1 ganglioside treatment on peripheral nerve grafting in the rat
Authors: Sobeski James K. , Kerns James M. , Safanda John F. , Shott Susan , Gonzalez Mark H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeripheral nerve regeneration after traumatic injury and standard repair with a nerve autograft is usually incomplete. This study tested the influence of graft vascularity and pharmacological intervention with GM‐1 ganglioside on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model. Controls included an unoperated contralateral side and sham‐operated groups either with or without the GM‐1. During the 5 months of recovery, locomotion was tested by the sciatic function index (SFI). At killing, anesthetized animals were prepared for nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies, followed by the wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle (expression of atrophy), toe‐chewing (expression of lesion severity and sensory loss), and histological examination of the nerve segments. The SFI showed a slight but significant recovery for both the vascular and avascular groups (34% at 20 weeks), but when GM‐1 ganglioside treatment was included, the SFI was poor throughout (20–33%). The average NCV of the graft groups without GM‐1 was 46% to 57% of the normal nerve (52.7 m/s), whereas for the groups treated with GM‐1, it was 63% to 64% of normal; treatment of the non‐vascular graft group significantly improved recovery. A uniformly poor recovery from muscle atrophy was seen for all nerve graft groups (62–67%) compared with normal controls. The mean number of toes per foot chewed was 1.9 and 2.4 in graft groups without GM‐1 treatment and 0.9 and 1.3 in graft groups treated with GM‐1. This treatment significantly reduced both the extent and the number of animals exhibiting autotomy. The qualitative microscopic appearance of the distal nerve segment in all surgical groups was similar. We conclude that the systemic addition of GM‐1 ganglioside enhances only some aspects of regeneration in grafted nerves, possibly with a preferential effect on sensory nerve regeneration and functional recovery. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:108–115 2001
Electrophysiologic findings and muscle strength grading in brachioplexopathies
Authors: Tsai Yun‐An , Chuang Tien‐Yow , Yen Yu‐Shu , Huang Ming‐Chao , Lin Pei‐Hsin , Cheng Henrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe electrophysiological evaluations and the British Medical Research Council (MRC) scale (0–5) findings of target muscles in brachioplexopathies before surgery and 1 year postsurgery were conducted. Each component of the brachial plexus was analyzed in 15 patients with injuries, among them, to 5 roots, 19 trunks, 7 cords, and 13 terminal nerves. In each of these cases, neurolysis and/or nerve transfer and/or neurotization were performed, within 3 weeks to 6 months after the injury was incurred, to ameliorate the resulting severe disabilities. The degrees of impairment were graded using a modified version of Dumitru's and Wilbourn's scale (mild: normal to slight decrease of SNAP amplitude and CMAP amplitude, and occasional denervation; moderate: profound decrease of SNAP amplitude and CMAP amplitude, constant denervation, and normal to slight decrease in motor unit recruitment; severe: absent SNAP amplitude, absent CMAP amplitude, marked denervation, and profound decrease or no volitional motor unit recruitment. mild = 1; moderate = 2; severe = 3). The motor power of the target muscles was graded through MRC scores. The presurgical versus postsurgical differences in the severity of the injury to each brachial plexus component, and differences in the grading of target muscle power, were calculated through the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. The presurgical degrees of the severity of injury, as measured by the electromyography (EMG) were 3.00 ± 0.00 (mean ± SD) in root, 2.84 ± 0.50 in trunk, 3.00 ± 0.00 in cord, and 2.85 ± 0.38 in terminal nerves. The postsurgical results were 2.60 ± 0.55 in root, 2.53 ± 0.70 in trunk, 2.43 ± 0.53 in cord, and 1.77 ± 0.73 in terminal nerves. There was significant improvement at the trunk, cord, and terminal nerve levels after repair, but not at the root levels. Moreover, although the MRC grading showed significant motor recovery in the infraspinatus, deltoid, biceps, and triceps muscles, there was little apparent improvement in the pectoralis major, EDC, APB, and ADM muscles. Nerve repair was notably successful in all plexuses except at the root level. However, our cases demonstrated only poor motor power gains in the forearm and the hand muscles. Consequently, future surgical techniques for brachioplexopathy repairs need further improvement. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:11–15, 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22001
Numerical analysis of a non‐singular boundary integral method: Part II: The general case
Authors: Dreyfuss P. , Rappaz J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to numerically solve the interior and the exterior Dirichlet problems for the Laplacian operator, we have presented in a previous paper a method which consists in inverting, on a finite element space, a non‐singular integral operator for circular domains. This operator was described as a geometrical perturbation of the Steklov operator, and we have precisely defined the relation between the geometrical perturbation and the dimension of the finite element space, in order to obtain a stable and convergent scheme in which there are non‐singular integrals. We have also presented another point of view under which the method can be considered as a special quadrature formula method for the standard piecewise linear Galerkin approximation of the weakly singular single‐layer potential.In the present paper, we extend the results given in the previous paper to more general cases for which the Laplace problem is set on any 𝒞∞ domains. We prove that the properties of stability and convergence remain valid. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A broadband probe‐fed planar patch antenna with a short probe pin and a conducting cylinder transition
Authors: Chang Fa‐Shian , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBroadband operation of a probe‐fed planar patch antenna with a short probe pin and a conducting cylinder transition is demonstrated. With the proposed feed design, the impedance bandwidth of a planar patch antenna with a thick air–layer substrate can be significantly enhanced. Prototypes of the proposed antenna with an impedance bandwidth (1 : 1.15 VSWR) suitable for applications in DCS cellular system (1710–1880 MHz) base station have been successfully constructed and studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 282–284, 2001.
Small‐size probe‐fed notched patch antenna with a shorting post
Authors: Shackelford A. K. , Leong S. Y. , Lee K. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSimulation results for a small‐size probe‐fed notched patch antenna with a shorting post are presented. The area of the patch has been reduced by 94%, while the antenna maintains a bandwidth of 13.2%. The antenna can be designed to operate in the dual‐band mode. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 377–379, 2001.
FDTD and optimization approach to time‐domain inversing problem for underground multiple objects
Authors: Guangyou Fang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reconstruction of the parameters of underground targets is still highly anticipated in ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) applications. In this paper, the FDTD method and time‐domain optimization algorithm are used to reconstruct the permittivities of underground multiple targets. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed. The forward scattering data are also calculated by a 2.5‐D–FDTD algorithm in order to better simulate the practical GPR situation. The relationship between the convergence rates of the inverse algorithm and the initialization values are studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 384–387, 2001.
Further comments on “Returning to the Post Constraints”
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Weiglhofer Werner S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree clarifications are provided with respect to certain statements of Dmitriev [Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29 (2001) 363–366]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 402–402, 2001.
An accurate 2‐D model for transconductance‐to‐current ratio and drain conductance of vertical surrounding‐gate (VSG) MOSFETs for microwave circuit applications
Authors: Kranti Abhinav , Rashmi  , Haldar S. , Gupta R. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn accurate analytical model for the transconductance‐to‐current ratio (gm/Ids), current–voltage characteristics, and drain conductance is developed for a vertical surrounding‐gate (VSG) MOSFET based on the solution of the 2‐D Poisson's equation. The dependence of gm/Ids, drain current, and drain conductance on key technological parameters has been analyzed in detail. A design rule to select the device parameters to enhance gm/Ids is proposed. Results show that higher values of gm/Ids can be achieved in VSG MOSFETs as compared to DG MOSFETs. Close agreement with simulated results confirms the validity of the present model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 415–421, 2001.
Condition for chiral material parameters revisited
Authors: Sihvola Ari 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe limitations for the electromagnetic material parameters of chiral media are discussed. Especially, the conditions for the imaginary part of the material parameters are under study. Physical reasons are given to support the limitation $|\kappa ''| < \sqrt{\epsilon '' \mu ''}$ for passive, isotropic chiral media. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 423–426, 2001.
Time‐domain electric‐field integral equation with central finite difference
Authors: Jung Baek Ho , Sarkar Tapan Kumar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new formulation using the time‐domain electric‐field integral equation (TD–EFIE) to obtain a transient scattering response from arbitrarily shaped conducting bodies. The time derivative of the magnetic vector potential is approximated with a central finite difference, and the scalar potential is time averaged by dividing it into two terms. This approach with an implicit method using central‐difference results in accurate and stable transient scattering responses from conducting objects. Detailed mathematical steps are included, and several numerical results are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 429–435, 2001.
Weak guidance analysis of the modal characteristics and waveguide dispersion of a new lightguide with a lemniscate of Bernoulli‐type core cross section
Authors: Singh Vivek , Prasad B. , Ojha S. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple analytical technique based on scalar‐wave approximation to study the modal characteristics of a new lightguide having a lemniscate of Bernoulli‐type core cross section. This type of structure may be conceived as a practical situation wherein two cores are embedded in a common cladding. Using lemniscate cylindrical coordinates (ξ, η, z) and the weak guidance boundary conditions, the eigenvalue equation is derived. From this equation, the characteristic curves have been obtained and plotted for some low‐order modes (ν=0). Furthermore, denoting the normalized frequency parameter as ν and the normalized propagation constant as b′, the variation (d(Vb′)/dV) is also obtained and analyzed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 211–216, 2002.
A dual‐polarized L‐probe microstrip patch antenna array
Authors: Wong H. , Luk K. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing L‐probe patch antennas as elements, a dual‐polarized antenna array is designed and tested. The antenna is designed for operation at 900 MHz, and is built as a two‐element linear array with a coaxial feed. The feeding network is an air transmission line which is made of aluminum. An impedance bandwidth of 24% (SWR ≤2) is obtained. The isolation is less than 25 dB across the passband, and an average gain of 10 dBi is achieved. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 235–237, 2002.
The limitations of the perfectly matched layers based on E–H fields for arbitrary anisotropic media—Reply to “Comment on ‘On the Matching Conditions of Different PML Schemes Applied to Multilayer Isotropic Dielectric Media’”
Authors: Zhao An Ping 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this communication is to correct potential misunderstandings about the PMLs (which are called the MIPMLs) based on D–H (E–B or D–B) fields. In fact, the motivation for developing the MIPMLs is to establish accurate and efficient PML absorbers for general anisotropic media. It is demonstrated that, by comparing the formulations of material‐independent PML absorbers based on E–H and D–H fields (as an example) for arbitrary anisotropic dielectric media, the PMLs based on D–H fields are more accurate and efficient than those based on E–H fields. It is also demonstrated that, for arbitrary anisotropic dielectric media, the formulations based on D–H fields can be easily connected to the alternating direction implicit (ADI) FDTD method, but the formulations based on E–H fields cannot. This certainly indicates that formulations based on E–H fields have limitations for general anisotropic dielectric (and/or magnetic) media, and using the formulations based on D–H (E–B or D–B) fields is the optimal choice for such media. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 237–241, 2002.
Time‐domain finite‐element simulation of cavity‐backed microstrip patch antennas
Authors: Jiao Dan , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA time‐domain finite‐element method (TDFEM) is presented for simulating the radiation and scattering from cavity‐backed microstrip patch antennas. The perfectly matched layer (PML) is utilized to efficiently truncate the TDFEM solution domain. The higher order vector basis functions are adopted to accurately represent unknown fields. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate its efficacy. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 251–254, 2002.
Influence of hard corrugated PBG wall design on performance of conical horn antenna
Authors: Skobelev Sergei , Kildal Per‐Simon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSome numerical results for a conical horn with three modifications of a hard corrugated PBG wall are presented. It is shown that a completely corrugated horn of diameter 4–5 wavelengths provides 80–87% aperture efficiency and a cross‐polar level below −30 dB for a horn length greater than 20 wavelengths. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 265–268, 2002.
Simulation of beam propagation in second‐order nonlinear optical media
Authors: Furati K. M. , Alsunaidi M. A. , Masoudi H. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSecond‐order nonlinearity in optical media acts as a source for harmonics generation. We set up a time‐domain model that accounts not only for the second harmonic, but also for the higher harmonics that are induced by a beam propagation. The model is solved numerically using a second‐order explicit scheme based on the exact solution of the nonlinear difference equation. The power spectrum of the generated harmonics is also presented. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 312–316, 2002.
A broadband very‐high‐permittivity dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN application in the 5.2 GHz band
Authors: Hsiao Fu‐Ren , Kuo Jieh‐Sen , Chiou Tzung‐Wern , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel broadband design of square‐disk dielectric resonator (DR) antennas with a very high relative permittivity of 90.5 is presented. Broadband operation is achieved by loading two narrow conducting strips of suitable lengths, which results in dual‐resonance excitation and leads to a wider operating bandwidth. A constructed prototype designed in the 5.2 GHz band (5150–5350 MHz) for WLAN application, having a cross section of 10×10 mm2 and a height of 1.9 mm only, shows an impedance bandwidth of 250 MHz covering the required WLAN bandwidth. Good broadside radiation characteristics with a peak antenna gain of about 4.1 dBi have also been obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 426–427, 2002.