bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runx2 heterozygosity alters homeostasis of the periodontal complex
Authors: Xiong Ni , An Jung‐Sub , Yoon Heein , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo , Lim Won Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHaploinsufficiency of Runx2 (Runx2+/−) causes dental anomalies. However, little is known about the involvement of Runx2 in the maintenance of dentin, cementum, and the periodontal ligament (PDL) during adulthood. This study aimed to observe the effects of Runx2+/− on homeostasis of the periodontal complex.Materials and MethodsA total of 14 three‐month‐old Runx2+/− mice and their wild‐type littermates were examined using micro‐computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Phenotypic alterations in the dentin, cementum, and PDL were characterized and quantified.ResultsHaploinsufficiency of Runx2 caused cellular changes in the PDL space including reduction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and irregular attachment of the collagen fibers in the PDL space into the cementum. Absence of continuous thickness of cementum was also observed in Runx2+/− mice.ConclusionRunx2 is critical for cementum integrity and attachment of periodontal fibers. Because of its importance to cementum homeostasis, Runx2 is essential for homeostasis of periodontal complex.
Learning Without Awareness by Academic and Nonacademic Samples: An Individual Differences Study
Authors: Kim Kathy MinHye , Maie Ryo , Suga Kiyo , Miller Zachary F. , Hui Bronson 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the role of awareness in learning and the variables that may facilitate adult second language (L2) implicit learning. We replicated Williams's (2005) study with a similar group of academic learners enrolled at university as well as a group of non‐college‐educated adults in order to explore the generalizability of the findings to an underrepresented population in research on L2 acquisition. Our results revealed that academic learners implicitly acquired items encountered during training (trained items), but this learning disappeared when academic and nonacademic groups were combined. We also observed modest correlations between intelligence and implicit learning of trained items; however, this association disappeared when other variables were considered. Overall, our study highlights the limited potential of implicit form–meaning associations for L2 adults in more general populations and emphasizes the challenges associated with convenience sampling in L2 research (Andringa & Godfroid, 2020). Additionally, it underscores the independence of individual differences in reading exposure, years of education, and nonverbal intelligence for implicit learning of trained items.
Dynamic urban traffic rerouting with fog‐cloud reinforcement learning
Authors: Du Runjia , Chen Sikai , Dong Jiqian , Chen Tiantian , Fu Xiaowen , Labi Samuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDynamic rerouting has been touted as a solution for urban traffic congestion. However, its implementation is stymied by the complexity of urban traffic. To address this, recent studies suggest the efficacy of novel technologies like fog computing and deep reinforcement learning. However, there exist significant challenges in this regard: (1) sorting massive amounts of data associated with large urban networks, (2) large action space that hinders learning efficiency, (3) impairment of rerouting efficacy due to overreliance on regional/local information, and (4) the issue of congestion shifting. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a novel two‐step approach that integrates graph attention Q network (GAQ) with entropy‐balanced k shortest path (EBkSP) via fog‐cloud information framework to carry out vehicle rerouting in dynamic traffic environments typical of large cities. The first challenge is addressed by GAQ that uses attention mechanism to evaluate traffic and assign region indices based on the relative importance of information. The second challenge is addressed using fog nodes that reduce the action space, and the third is addressed using fog computing combined with cloud computing to facilitate the computation of global optimal information in a centralized planning decentralized execution pattern. The fourth challenge is addressed using EBkSP, which identifies vehicle optimal routes based on route popularity and vehicle priority. After conducting a numerical experiment involving two other cutting‐edge vehicle rerouting models as baselines, it was established that the proposed model delivers results that are 14%–54% superior from perspectives of the mean travel speed and congestion. The superior efficacy of the proposed learning‐based (compared to rule‐based) models is pronounced when rerouting ratios are low. As the rerouting ratio increases, both the learning‐based and rule‐based model outcomes exhibit reduced likelihoods of severe congestion. However, the learning‐based model consistently outperforms the rule‐based model across all scenarios. The proposed model can effectively reroute vehicles under different situations of rerouting ratio and total count of vehicles and can help improve traffic mobility and reduce congestion in urban areas. It can be implemented easily by urban road agencies.
Beyond the insider/outsider debate in “at‐home” ethnographies: Diffractive methodology and the onto‐epistemic entanglement of knowledge production
Authors: Larsen Trine S. , Schwennesen Nete 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the practice of conducting research in one's own field, in this case, from a position as a researcher with a nursing background doing fieldwork in a hospital and in one's own organization, an orthopedic surgical department. We show how an “insider” researcher position paves the way for analytical insights about sleep as an institutional phenomenon in the orthopedic surgical infrastructure and how acute and elective patient trajectories differ but build on the same logic, creating the same dynamics of inclusion and exclusion. Through a situated and sociomaterial perspective, we analyze different clinical interactions in which we follow the hospital bed as an example of a central relational element that co‐creates sleep as an institutional phenomenon. Inspired by Karen Barad, we demonstrate how to move diffractively when doing and analyzing fieldwork and argue how moving diffractively as a researcher doing fieldwork “at home” is productive and challenges the concept and demand of “distance” as the phenomenological exercise in fieldwork.
Substitution of sugar‐sweetened beverages with non‐caloric alternatives and weight change: A systematic review of randomized trials and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tobiassen Philip A.‐S. , Køster‐Rasmussen Rasmus 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundIntake of sugar‐sweetened beverages has been associated with weight gain. It is uncertain if replacing an existing use of sugar‐sweetened beverages with non‐caloric beverages results in long‐term reduction in body weight.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore if a long‐term reduction in body weight can be achieved by replacing an existing intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages with non‐caloric beverages.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for literature. Studies with a “substitution” design were included, that is, studies where subjects substituted an existing intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages with either artificially sweetened beverages or unsweetened beverages/water. Studies with 6 months or longer follow‐up of weight change were included.ResultsSix trials with a total of 1729 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. Replacing an existing intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages with a non‐caloric beverage resulted in a long‐term BMI reduction of 0.31 kg/m2 compared with the sugar‐sweetened beverage‐group (95% CI; 0.17–0.44). One study with 1 year's intervention and 2 years follow‐up showed a regression towards baseline BMI after the intervention had ended.ConclusionReplacing an existing use of sugar‐sweetened beverages with artificially sweetened beverages or unsweetened beverages resulted in a long‐term 0.31 kg/m2 reduction in BMI equivalent to 0.5–1 kg in children and adults, respectively, as long as the interventions lasted.
Impact of green and blue‐green light on the growth, pigment concentration, and fatty acid unsaturation in the microalga Monoraphidium braunii
Authors: Helamieh Mark , Reich Marco , Rohne Philipp , Riebesell Ulf , Kerner Martin , Kümmerer Klaus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe spectral composition of light is an important factor for the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms. Several blue light‐regulated metabolic processes have already been identified in the industrially relevant microalga Monoraphidium braunii. However, little is known about the spectral impact on this species' growth, fatty acid (FA), and pigment composition. In this study, M. braunii was cultivated under different light spectra (white light: 400–700 nm, blue light: 400–550 nm, green light: 450–600 nm, and red light: 580–700 nm) at 25°C for 96 h. The growth was monitored daily. Additionally, the FA composition, and pigment concentration was analyzed after 96 h. The highest biomass production was observed upon white light and red light irradiation. However, green light also led to comparably high biomass production, fueling the scientific debate about the contribution of weakly absorbed light wavelengths to microalgal biomass production. All light spectra (white, blue, and green) that comprised blue‐green light (450–550 nm) led to a higher degree of FA unsaturation and a greater concentration of all identified pigments than red light. These results further contribute to the growing understanding that blue‐green light is an essential trigger for maximized pigment concentration and FA unsaturation in green microalgae.
Luminescence of favipiravir in skin appendages and sclera. A controlled study and literature review
Authors: Demircioğlu Deniz , Durmaz Emel Öztürk 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFavipiravir is an antiviral agent, recently used for COVID‐19 infections. Several reports associate favipiravir intake with Wood's lamp fluorescence of hair, nails, and sclera. The present study was designed to elucidate the positivity rates, and sites of favipiravir‐related fluorescence and to unravel the site‐specific changes in fluorescence positivity rates by a function of time past exposure.MethodsThe study population comprised 50 patients and 50 control individuals. All patients in the patient group had received a full dose of favipiravir for COVID‐19 infection. Fifty volunteers served as the control group. Wood's lamp examination was performed in a completely darkened room, and the positivity rate, extent, pattern, and distribution of fluorescence were recorded.ResultsWood's light revealed fluorescence of the fingernails, toenails, sclera, and hair in 35 (70%), 35 (70%), 22 (44%), and 8 (16%) patients, respectively. No control individual tested positive by Wood's lamp. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between patient and control groups in terms of Wood's light luminescence in the fingernails (p = .000), toenails (p = .000), sclera (p = .000) and hair (p = .003). Although fingernail, toenail, and hair fluorescence positivity rates declined or ceased at or after 91 days of favipiravir exposure, ocular fluorescence positivity rates were prolonged up to 188 days.ConclusionsThese findings confirm that favipiravir may produce fluorescence of nails, sclera, and hair, detectable by Wood's light starting from the initial month and peaking at second‐ and third months following exposure to the medication. Although nail and hair fluorescence tend to abate after 3 months, ocular fluorescence may persist even longer than 6 months after cessation of the medication.
“We're not there to lead”: Professional roles and responsibilities in “citizen‐led” co‐production
Authors: McMullin Caitlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough co‐production is typically understood as occurring when “regular” producers involve citizens in service delivery, co‐production also takes place in relation to services that are initiated and/or controlled by citizens. Based on theories and typologies of co‐production and the facilitation of citizen initiatives, we propose that there exists a spectrum of co‐production where citizens are at the fore, discussed as four primary forms—citizen‐owned (i.e., citizen initiatives), citizen‐driven (ideas proposed by citizens, realized through collaboration with professionals), transitional (temporary co‐production before transferring to citizens), and enforced (transfer of responsibility for service delivery). Professionals' roles vary under each of these ideal types, in relation to their contribution to the core service or complementary tasks, their degree of responsibility, and assumption of risk. Understanding these variations helps provide nuance to analyses of the role of the professional in co‐production, as a means to collaborate with citizens in public service provision more effectively.
The Weaker Natural Law Thesis
Authors: Capps Charles F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural law theories affirm that it belongs to the nature of law to be apt to promote the common good or do something similar. I defend a weak version of this thesis according to which part of what constitutes something as a nondefective central case of a posited law is that it is apt to promote the common good. Just as the rules of Pictionary require the drawing player to design her drawing to reveal the word in play, the rules of a central case of a legal system require lawmakers to design laws to promote the common good. Therefore, just as a Pictionary drawing that is inapt to reveal the word in play is defective, a central case of a posited law that is inapt to promote the common good is defective.
Time for a paradigm change: Problems with the financial industry's approach to operational risk
Authors: Butler Tom , Brooks Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganizational and risk cultures in the financial industry are argued to be the root cause of banking problems. It is concerning that financial regulators and practitioners still consider the industry to be seriously fragile in several respects, particularly to operational risks and risks associated with digital transformation and innovation—not that the risks of organizational misconduct have disappeared. The rescue of Credit Suisse in 2023 confirms this. This paper employs extant theories of organizational culture, learning, and action to critically evaluate the existing risk paradigm in banking and to highlight its deficiencies, which practitioners can only address by questioning the flawed assumptions and dysfunctional values and behaviors found to be endemic in banks. However, business and risk practitioners are also married to institutional approaches that focus on assessing risk and measuring historical losses to allocate regulatory capital, rather than forward‐looking approaches to measure and manage risk. This requires a paradigm change. This paper presents a novel risk measurement and accounting methodology, Risk Accounting, to help underpin such change. Risk accounting measures risk exposure in quantitative and qualitative terms and can be implemented using an AI‐enabled digital architecture that could solve endemic problems with risk data aggregation and analysis. Significantly, risk accounting enables a financial value to be placed on risk exposures at a granular level. This level of transparency provides an incentive to change behaviors in banks and support cultural change while providing a basis for a paradigm change in the way operational risk is managed.
Grasping a new approach to older persons' dignity: A process evaluation of the Swedish Dignity Care Intervention in municipal palliative care
Authors: Söderman Annika , Hälleberg Nyman Maria , Werkander Harstäde Carina , Johnston Bridget , Blomberg Karin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimDignity in older persons is a goal of palliative care. This study aimed to perform a process evaluation of the Swedish Dignity Care Intervention (DCI‐SWE) in municipal palliative care in Sweden, focusing on implementation, context, and mechanism of impact.MethodsThis study had a process evaluation design. The Knowledge to Action framework supported the implementation of the DCI‐SWE. The intervention was used by community nurses with older persons (n = 18) in home healthcare and nursing homes. Data were collected by focus groups‐ and individual interviews with community nurses (n = 11), health care professionals (n = 5) and managers (n = 5), reflective diaries, and field notes.ResultsGrasping the DCI‐SWE was challenging for some community nurses. Enhanced communication training and increased engagement from managers were requested. However, the DCI‐SWE was perceived to enhance professional pride in nursing. In terms of fidelity, dose and reach the project was not fully achieved. Regarding mechanism of impact the DCI‐SWE contributes to address older persons' loneliness and existential life issues, as it put conversations with older persons on community nurses' agenda.ConclusionsThe DCI‐SWE provided opportunities to maintain older persons' dignity and quality of life. However, with refinements of design and the DCI‐SWE, the sustainability in the context may increase.
Inhaled beta2‐agonist, formoterol, enhances intense exercise performance, and sprint ability in elite cyclists
Authors: Jeppesen Jan S. , Jessen Søren , Thomassen Martin , Backer Vibeke , Bangsbo Jens , Hostrup Morten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeMany athletes use long‐acting beta2‐agonist formoterol in treatment of asthma. However, studies in non‐athlete cohorts demonstrate that inhaled formoterol can enhance sprint performance calling into question whether its use in competitive sports should be restricted. We investigated whether formoterol at upper recommended inhaled doses (54 μg) would enhance sprint ability and intense exercise performance in elite cyclists.MethodsTwenty‐one male cyclists (V̇O2max: 70.4 ± 4.3 mL × min−1 × kg−1, mean ± SD) completed two 6‐s all‐out sprints followed by 4‐min all‐out cycling after inhaling either 54 μg formoterol or placebo. We also assessed cyclists' leg muscle mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and muscle fiber type distribution of vastus lateralis biopsies.ResultsPeak and mean power output during the 6‐s sprint was 32 W (95% CI, 19–44 W, p < 0.001) and 36 W (95% CI, 24–48 W, p < 0.001) higher with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of around 3%. Power output during 4‐min all‐out cycling was 9 W (95% CI, 2–16 W, p = 0.01) greater with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of 2.3%. Performance changes in response to formoterol were unrelated to cyclists' VO2max and leg lean mass, whereas muscle fiber Type I distribution correlated with change in sprinting peak power in response to formoterol (r2 = 0.314, p = 0.012).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that an inhaled one‐off dose of 54 μg formoterol has a performance‐enhancing potential on sprint ability and short intense performance in elite male cyclists, which is irrespective of training status but partly related to muscle fiber type distribution for sprint ability.
Prospective science teachers' noticing: An exploration in an authentic practical context
Authors: Wang Lu , Oliver J. Steve 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough research demonstrates the key roles practical experiences play in teachers' learning to notice, few studies have examined teacher noticing in practical contexts. This study addresses the gap by exploring prospective science teachers' (PSTs) noticing in an authentic practical setting afforded through a school‐based practicum associated with a block of site‐based science methods and curriculum courses. With five secondary PSTs' daily journals and critical incidents they wrote as they engaged in interactions in science classes, we investigated what PSTs focused their attention on, the ways they process information to make selective attention, and how they appraised the identified events. The study design also allowed us to examine PSTs noticing variations within the same context when they worked as pairs within the same classrooms. Based on the results of the data analysis, we identified two psychological processes PSTs went through to decide what to notice, demonstrated the idiosyncratic nature of their noticing in the same practical context, and illustrated PSTs' wide range of attention and diverse ways of reasoning.
Antibiotic resistance through the lens of One Health: A study from an urban and a rural area in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunasekara Yasodhara Deepachandi , Kottawatta Sanda Arunika , Nisansala Thilini , Wijewickrama Isuru Jayamina Bandara , Basnayake Yasodha I. , Silva‐Fletcher Ayona , Kalupahana Ruwani Sagarika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate and compare the proportion of AMR Escherichia coli (E. coli) between urban (Dompe in the Western province) and rural (Dambana in the Sabaragamuwa province) areas in Sri Lanka. The overall hypothesis of the study is that there is a difference in the proportion of AMR E. coli between the urban and the rural areas. Faecal samples were collected from healthy humans (n = 109), dairy animals (n = 103), poultry (n = 35), wild mammals (n = 81), wild birds (n = 76), soil (n = 80) and water (n = 80) from both areas. A total of 908 E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. Overall, E. coli isolated from urban area was significantly more likely to be resistant than those isolated from rural area. The human domain of the area had a significantly higher prevalence of AMR E. coli, but it was not significantly different in urban (98%) and rural (97%) areas. AMR E. coli isolated from dairy animals, wild animals and water was significantly higher in the urban area compared with the rural area. There was no significant difference in the proportion of multidrug resistance (MDR) E. coli isolated from humans, wild animals and water between the two study sites. Resistant isolates found from water and wild animals suggest contamination of the environment. A multi‐sectorial One Health approach is urgently needed to control the spread of AMR and prevent the occurrences of AMR in Sri Lanka.
Tresca Versus Von Mises: Which Failure Criterion is More Conservative in a Probabilistic Context?
Authors: Cunha Americo , Yanik Yasar , Olivieri Carlo , da Silva Samuel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This tutorial examines the failure theories of Tresca and von Mises, both of which are crucial for designing metallic structures. Conventionally, Tresca is regarded as more conservative than von Mises from a deterministic perspective. This tutorial, however, introduces a different viewpoint, presenting a scenario where von Mises’ theory may appear more conservative when variability in the mechanical system parameters is considered. This often-overlooked aspect is not extensively addressed in standard textbooks on solid mechanics and the strength of materials. The tutorial aims to shed light on the non-negligible probability where von Mises’ criterion yields a smaller equivalent stress than Tresca, thus being more conservative. It underscores the importance of integrating probabilistic considerations into stress analyses of solids, offering valuable insights for the education of structural mechanics.