bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 subtype diversity and immuno-virological outcomes among adolescents failing antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon: A cohort study
Authors: Togna Pabo Willy Le roi , Fokam Joseph , Njume Debimeh , Takou Désiré , Santoro Maria-Mercedes , Nyasa Raymond Babila , Chenwi Collins , Mpouel Marie Laure , Beloumou Grace , Jagni Ezechiel Semengue Ngoufack , Nka Alex Durand , Ka’e Aude Christelle , Teto Georges , Dambaya Beatrice , Djupsa Sandrine , Gouissi Anguechia Davy Hyacinthe , Evariste Molimbou , Kamta Cedric , Bala Lionel , Lambo Virginie , Halle-Ekane Edie Gregory , Colizzi Vittorio , Perno Carlo Federico , Ndjolo Alexis , Ndip Ndip Roland 
Published: October 2023

Objective
We sought to evaluate the variability of HIV-1 and its effect on immuno-virological response among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (APHI).

Methods
A cohort study was conducted from 2018–2020 among 311 APHI receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon. Sequencing of protease and reverse transcriptase regions was performed for participants experiencing virological failure, VF, (Plasma viral load, PVL ≥ 1000 RNA copies/ml). HIV-1 subtypes were inferred by phylogeny; immuno-virological responses were monitored at 3-time points (T1-T3). Cox regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of progression to: CD4 < 250, and PVL > 5log10, adjusted for acquired drug resistance, gender, ART line, adherence, and duration on treatment; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Of the 141 participants in VF enrolled, the male-female ratio was 1:1; mean age was 15 (±3) years; and median [IQR] duration on ART was 51 [46–60] months. In all phases, 17 viral clades were found with a predominant CRF02_AG (58.2%, 59.4%, and 58.3%). From T1-T3 respectively, there was an increasing CD4 count (213 [154–313], 366 [309–469], and 438 [364–569] cells/mm3) and decline log10 PVL (5.23, 4.43, and 4.43), similar across subtypes. Among participants with CRF02_AG infection, duration of treatment was significantly associated with both rates of progression to CD4 < 250, and PVL > 5log10, aHR = 0.02 (0.001–0.52), and aHR = 0.05 (0.01–0.47) respectively. Moreover, four potential new HIV-1 recombinants were identified (CRF02_AG/02D, CRF02_AG/02A1F2, D/CRF02_AG, and AF2/CRF02_AG), indicating a wide viral diversity.

Conclusion
Among APHI in settings like Cameroon, there is a wide genetic diversity of HIV-1, driven by CRF02_AG and with potential novel clades due to ongoing recombination events. Duration of treatment significantly reduces the risk of disease progression.
Meta Auto-Bio-Graph-Y
Authors: Hanson Graeme 
Published: October 2023

Review of: Meta Auto-Bio-Graph-Y

William Greaves: Filmmaking as Mission, Scott MacDonald and Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, eds. (2021)
New York: Columbia University Press, 496 pp., ISBN: 9780231199599 (pbk), $35.00, ISBN: 9780231199582 (hbk), $145.00, ISBN: 9780231553193 ebk), $34.99
Experimental study on dynamic mechanical properties of projectile 155mm ERFB BT material
Authors: Ohol Rajesh B. , Parshuramkar Tekram N. , Parate B. A. , Thakur Dineshsingh G. 
Published: October 2023

Artillery projectile 155mm high explosive (HE) extended range full bore boat tail (ERFB BT) and its components experience a high pressure loading of the propellant during gun launch. Mechanical properties of an engineering material are measured using quasi-static tensile test at room temperature. The materials of the projectile and its components are expected to survive time dependent propellant pressure loading inside the gun, which lasts for few microseconds. To investigate dynamic mechanical properties of the projectile and its components at medium strain rates and elevated temperature, the experimental analysis is undertaken. This research paper aims to examine the effect of medium strain rates and elevated temperatures on flow properties of the materials used in the projectile. The uniaxial tensile tests at the medium strain rates between 0.01 s-1 to 1s-1 and at elevated temperatures ranging between 150°C to 500°C are performed separately. The Considѐre criterion was applied to evaluate strain hardening exponent of the materials. Values of strain hardening exponents of shell body and boat tail materials are less than that of driving band material. Strain rate sensitivity of the materials is observed to be very low, thus indicating a good resistance to plastic deformation. The yield strength and true yield strength of the materials fall with increase in temperature.
Materials and Coatings for Defence Application
Authors: Roy Manish 
Published: October 2023

Research activities on materials and coating for defense applications sky the limit. The idea for special issue on‘Materials and Coatings for Defense Application’ nucleated quite some time back keeping in mind the direction of future research. However, it took its own time to translate it to actual fact. The purpose of this special issue is to bring out the recent development and progress in research activities in DMRL with regard to defense applications, introduce new comers to this area and foster interdisciplinary research among various communities working in this area. The special issue contains 15 manuscripts composed by various groups in Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory.
Effect of pretreatment with alkali on the anaerobic digestion characteristics of kitchen waste and analysis of microbial diversity
Authors: Zhen Xiaofei , Li Shange , Jiao Ruonan , Wu Wenbing , Dong Ti , Liu Jia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Kitchen waste contains high contents of organic matter and moisture, and it is prone to biodegrade and decompose to give odors. If not collected and transported promptly or treated improperly, it is highly likely to pollute the environment and spread diseases. Because the lipid content in kitchen waste is high and a portion of organic matter is not subject to hydrolysis, the development of anaerobic digestion technology has been greatly limited. Kitchen waste was pretreated with NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)2 with different concentrations, and 50 days sequencing batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted. This study sheds light on the pollution reduction and energy generation of kitchen waste. The results are as follows: (1) The lipid content of kitchen waste could be reduced, and the concentration of dissolved organic matter could be increased by pretreating with alkali. The degradation rate of kitchen waste lipid reached a maximum of 50.51%, if 3% NaOH was added, and the soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration was increased by 235.3%. (2) The cumulative methane (CH4) output and biogas production efficiency were improved in the anaerobic digestion process with kitchen waste pretreated with alkali. The maximum daily gas output of kitchen waste pretreated with NaOH and KOH took place on the 11th to 12th day, with the biogas production efficiency of 40.4 and 45.2 mL·g·VS−1. The cumulative CH4 output was increased from 370.2 mL·g·VS−1 (untreated) to 393.1 and 434.1 mL·g·VS−1, respectively. In addition, the concentration of CH4 in biogas was increased from 54.8% (untreated) to 59.1% and 61.7%, respectively. (3) The Chao1 and Ace values of bacteria were increased first and then decreased. On the 10th day, the diversity of bacteria reached the highest value, and on the 20th day, the diversity of archaea reached its maximum. Therefore, it was verified that the improvement in the hydrolysis acidification efficiency and degree was crucial for the rapid and complete anaerobic digestion reactions.
High modulation laser systems integrated with hybrid pulse generators for high speed fiber transmission systems
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Shibu Soman , Siddharthan Niranjana , Murali Muniraj , Sundar Suvitha , Neelamegam Nalini , Ali Firoz Mostafa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study has simulated the high modulation laser systems integrated with hybrid pulse generators for high speed fiber transmission systems. The directly modulated laser with raised cosine/Gaussian pulse generators are employed for ultra-high data rates for modified multi band range applications. The total estimated light power after fiber cable system is demonstrated based on electro-absorption, phase, and single drive MZM measured modulators. The light base band signal and noise signal configuration is clarified after fiber cable system based on various proposed modulators. The degree of signal polarization configuration is studied after fiber cable system based on various modulators. Signal power level with Q, BER, signal eye height, and the total estimated electrical modulated signal power are evaluated after receiver system after receiver side based on proposed modulators.
Zirconia nanoparticles unveiled: multifaceted insights into structural, mechanical, and optical properties
Authors: Abbas Iqra , Anwar Nadia , Ahmed Muqarrab , Naeem Muhammad , Nowsherwan Ghazi Aman , Irfan Shaheen , Khalid Rabia , Iram Nazia , Anwar Bushra , Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work reports the sol–gel synthesis of zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in which the effect of varying molarities of zirconium oxychloride salt (such as 0.025 M, 0.050 M, 0.075 M, 0.100 M, and 0.125 M) has been investigated on the structural, mechanical, and optical characteristics by maintaining a basic pH at 9. All experimental conditions were conducted using basic media, with XRD, SEM, hardness, and optical analysis performed. Structural analysis, which was performed by using an X-ray diffractometer, reveals the formation of mixed phase zirconia (tetragonal and monoclinic) under as-synthesized conditions. Optical analysis shows that transmission increases as the molarity grows. The refractive index and extinction coefficient conform to the normal dispersion behavior, while the refractive index is observed to increase as the molarity becomes large. A high value of the refractive index of about 1.65 and lowest value of band gap 3.96 eV have been observed at a molarity of 0.075 M in the UV region. The hardness is observed to be continuously increased as the molarity grows, wherein the maximum hardness of 1167 HV is observed at a molarity of 0.075 M within the considered molarities (0.025 M, 0.050 M, 0.075 M, 0.100 M, and 0.125 M).
Perinatally diagnosed congenital craniopharyngiomas in the KRANIOPHARYNGEOM trials
Authors: Beckhaus Julia , Boekhoff Svenja , Scheinemann Katrin , Schilling Freimut H , Fleischhack Gudrun , Binder Gerhard , Bison Brigitte , Pietsch Torsten , Friedrich Carsten , Müller Hermann L 
Published: October 2023

Background
Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare embryonic tumors. Clinical presentation and outcome of patients perinatally diagnosed with congenital CP (cCP) are not clear and refer mainly to a few case reports in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical presentation and outcome in patients with cCP.

Study design
Three hundred and sixty-one patients diagnosed with adamantinomatous CP were recruited 2007–2022 in KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007/Registry 2019 and prospectively observed. In two cases, cCP was diagnosed prenatally and in one case on the second day of life. Pre- and perinatal diagnostic findings, postnatal evaluation, and therapeutic interventions and outcome in these three cases of cCP were analyzed.

Results
All patients survived. One patient developed psychomotor retardation and a mild hemiparesis. Prenatal routine ultrasound examination led to the diagnosis of cCP. Tumor resection was performed during the early postnatal period (range: 11–51 days of age). Functional capacity, measured by Fertigkeitenskala-Münster-Heidelberg (FMH) was reduced in three and behavioral parameters, measured by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were abnormal in two cases.

Conclusion
cCP is a rare diagnosis with a prevalence of 0.83% in our study group. Compared to cases reported in the literature, the presented cases were treated immediately and had a better prognosis. Based on improvements of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, prenatal diagnosis of cCP should lead to transfer prior to delivery of cCP patients to a specialized center for delivery and postnatal treatment of newborns with sellar masses by a multidisciplinary team to secure the improved prognosis of these patients.

Significance statement
We previously reported that lower event-free survival rates after craniopharyngioma are associated with younger age at diagnosis. Perinatally diagnosed congenital craniopharyngiomas are very rare. This article presents three unique cases with congenital craniopharyngioma, comparing their diagnostics, therapy, and development. All three cases had surgery during the early postnatal period with sparing of the posterior hypothalamus. In each case, endocrinopathy was present at follow-up. Low functional capacity was reported in all cases and an abnormal total difficulties score in two cases. Compared to the literature, the presented cases had better prognosis in morbidity and mortality. This report and the review of the literature confirm the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnostic and treatment of the very rare condition of congenital craniopharyngioma.
Conductive 3D nano-biohybrid systems based on densified carbon nanotube forests and living cells
Authors: Bagheri Roya , Ball Alicia K. , Kasraie Masoud , Chandra Aparna , Chen Xinqian , Miskioglu Ibrahim , Shan Zhiying , Pour Shahid Saeed Abadi Parisa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConductive biohybrid cell-material systems have applications in bioelectronics and biorobotics. To date, conductive scaffolds are limited to those with low electrical conductivity or 2D sheets. Here, 3D biohybrid conductive systems are developed using fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes integrated with carbon nanotube (CNT) forests that are densified due to interactions with a gelatin coating. CNT forest scaffolds with a height range of 120–240 µm and an average electrical conductivity of 0.6 S/cm are developed and shown to be cytocompatible as evidenced from greater than 89% viability measured by live-dead assay on both cells on day 1. The cells spread on top and along the height of the CNT forest scaffolds. Finally, the scaffolds have no adverse effects on the expression of genes related to cardiomyocyte maturation and functionality, or fibroblast migration, adhesion, and spreading. The results show that the scaffold could be used in applications ranging from organ-on-a-chip systems to muscle actuators.
Graphical abstract
Development of an automated system for disinfection of premises
Authors: Onufrieva Tatyana , Borsuk Natalya , Razumov Vladislav , Golubev Andrey 
Published: October 2023

The article describes the development of an automated system for disinfection of premises. This task has become especially urgent during the Coronavirus pandemic. This is a type of SARS, which includes hundreds of different viruses that cause, at least, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The main way of protection is prevention. The relevance of the article is determined by the need for air purification in working rooms. During the pandemic,
closed-type recirculators were used to solve the problem of disinfection of premises, which work only with the air passing through them, but do not affect microorganisms and viruses on surfaces and furniture in the room in any way. The article deals with the development of an automated cleaning system for premises using ultraviolet lamps operating in various modes in working rooms.
The authors present a description of the structure of an automated system designed to disinfect air and surfaces in rooms of all categories in order to prevent bacterial contamination in the absence of people. The system consists of a software part with a user interface that allows you to configure devices in accordance with the working hours of employees, and a hardware part based on a microcontroller that determines the program of operation of the device. An original algorithm for the functioning of the system and the program interface has been developed. The development results have been tested.
The advantages and novelty of the developed system are as follows:
•	The developed algorithm allows disinfection of the room (air and surfaces) in automatic mode with the ability to set operating modes in accordance with the nature of the tasks performed by employees.
•	Sound notification of the beginning and end of processing.
•	The proposed arrangement of disinfection lamps (integrated into the lighting system) allows you to clean both the indoor air space and the surfaces.
The developed software and device can be used in all types of premises for their high-quality disinfection.
Prevalence of hepatolenticular degeneration in different countries
Authors: Ovchinnikova E. V. , Schneider N. A. , Ovchinnikova A. A. , Nasyrova R. F. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Despite modern advances in diagnostic technologies, the problem of Wilson (WD) disease prevalence remains relevant in the world; clinical and scientific interest in epidemiological studies varies in the Russian Federation and in different countries.The aim. To study the prevalence of WD in the population of the Russian Federation and foreign countries at the present stage.Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of the results of domestic and foreign epidemiological studies of WD published in the eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Elsevier, Oxford Press, Clinical Case, Cochrane, Science Direct databases from January 01, 2018 to June 01, 2023 year.Results. In total, 14 epidemiological studies were analyzed. In the countries of North and South America, the prevalence of WD is from 4.1 per 100,000, up to 6.4 per 100,000 and in European countries from 1.44 per 100,000 to 9.0 per 100,000, in Asian countries – from 1.793 per 100,000 to 4.81 per 100,000.Conclusion. Results of epidemiological studies prevalence of WD depended on design and methodology: with using the method of genetic screening of the population for WD, the prevalence rates were much higher and reached 40 per 100,000 in Europe, 19.6 in Asia due to detection of early stages of disease development (asymptomatic forms).
Opinion Leader Detection in Online Social Networks Based on Output and Input Links
Authors: Ghorbani Zahra , Ghafouri Saeid , Khasteh Seyed Hossein 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The understanding of how users in a network update their opinions based on their neighbours’ opinions has attracted a great deal of interest in the field of network science, and a growing body of literature recognises the significance of this issue. In this research paper, we propose a new dynamic model of opinion formation in directed networks. In this model, the opinion of each node is updated as the weighted average of its neighbours’ opinions, where the weights represent social influence. We deﬁne a new centrality measure as a social influence metric based on both inﬂuence and conformity. We measure this new approach using two opinion formation models: (i) the Degroot model and (ii) our own proposed model. Previously published research studies have not considered conformity, and have only considered the inﬂuence of the nodes when computing the social influence. In our deﬁnition, nodes with low in-degree and high out-degree that were connected to nodes with high out-degree and low in-degree had higher centrality. As the main contribution of this research, we propose an algorithm for finding a small subset of nodes in a social network that can have a significant impact on the opinions of other nodes. Experiments on real-world data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm signiﬁcantly outperforms previously published state-of-the-art methods.
Fractal Ring Shaped with Saw Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Utilizations
Authors: Mathur Vinita , Tyagi Parul , Chandna Vinay Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

A compressed small width circular in shape aerial with fractal characteristics that exhibits minimal delay, cost and better speed with wide band characteristics is modeled. Simulation analysis has been done with software named CST Microwave studio after that it has been verified by experimental analysis. Substrate material used for fabrication is easily available FR-4 (εr =4.4) with 1.59 mm as thickness of sheet. The dimensions are 24 x 40 mm (W x L). Aerial finds its applications in mobile services. The 5GHz band is perfect for high-bandwidth devices or activities such as online video games, conference calls and streaming. 6 GHz Wi-Fi range is applicable for recently used short-range, better efficiency, and low delay applications. Proposed antenna covers C, X and Ku bands and conducting from 2.93 - 9.53 GHz with VSWR≤ 2. This aerial is also performing in ultra wideband (UWB), S, C and partial of the X range.
Integrating wastewater and randomised prevalence
survey data for national COVID surveillance
Authors: Li Guangquan , Diggle Peter , Blangiardo Marta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies in a number of countries have shown how wastewater can be used as an efficient surveillance tool to detect outbreaks at much lower cost than traditional prevalence surveys. However, all of these studies have been set in a specific city or region; none have attempted to embed wastewater in a country-level surveillance system. In the post-pandemic era, a likely scenario is that prevalence surveys will be run at a reduced scale; hence an affordable ongoing surveillance system will need to combine sparse prevalence data with non-traditional disease metrics such as wastewater measurements in order to estimate dis- ease progression in a cost-effective manner. Here, we use data collected during the pandemic to model the dynamic relationship between spatially granular wastewater viral load and disease prevalence. We then use this relationship to nowcast local disease prevalence under the scenario that (i) spatially granular wastewater data continue to be collected; (ii) direct measurements of prevalence are only available at a coarser spatial resolution, for example at national or regional scale. The model framework is disease-agnostic and could therefore be adapted to different diseases and incorporated into a multiplex surveillance system for early detection of emerging local outbreaks.
Inequalities in global residential cooling energy use to 2050
Authors: Falchetta Giacomo , decian ENRICA , Pavanello Filippo , Wing Ian Sue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The interplay of a warming climate and socio-demographic transformations will increase global heat exposure. Assessing future use and impacts of energy-intensive appliances for indoor thermal adaptation is therefore a crucial policy goal. Here we train statistical models on multi-country household survey data (n = 480,555) to generate global gridded projections of residential air-conditioning (AC) uptake and use. Our results indicate that the share of households owning AC could grow from 26% to a scenario median of 38% by 2050, implying a doubling of residential AC electricity consumption, to 925 TWh/yr. This growth will be highly unequal both within and across countries and income groups, with significant regressive impacts. Up to 4.5 billion heat-exposed people may lack AC access in 2050. Outcomes will largely depend on socio-economic development and climate change pathways. Our gridded projections can support the modelling of the impacts of residential AC on decarbonization pathways and health outcomes.