bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology and Beyond: The Mediterranean Paradigm
Authors: Bresson Alain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the fundamental notions put forward by P. Horden and N. Purcell in their important book The Corrupting Sea is the necessity of separating history in the Mediterranean from a history of the Mediterranean. The former was Fernand Braudel’s purpose in his famous book The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II. The latter is Horden and Purcell’s ambition. They hold that such an approach can isolate what might be called the nucleus of a Mediterranean paradigm. With this purpose in mind, they provide an account that covers a very long period of history from the prehistoric period up to the beginning of industrialization. This is a necessary foundation for an analysis that aims to provide trans-periodical definitions.
The Mirage of Greek Continuity: On the Uses and Abuses of Analogy in Some Travel Narratives from the Seventeenth to the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Saïd Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
P. Walcot’s influential book Greek Peasants, Ancient and Modern (1970) best illustrates the mirage of Greek continuity and the persistence of ‘an uncritically survivalist argument’.His ‘ancient peasants’ include not only ‘Hesiod and his fellow Boeotians’and ‘early Greek peasant society’,but also Greek society in the classical period, since Walcot, following a suggestion of the sociologist A. W. Gouldner, argues that the set of values of the early Greeks were identical to those held by fifth and fourth century Athenians, supporting his claim with a series of random quotations from Xenophon’s Oeconomicus and from Greek tragedy. As for his ‘modern Greeks’, they come from the mountain villages studied by contemporary ethnographers such as Friedl (Vasilika ), Campbell (the Sarakatsani), and Peristiany (the Pitsilloi), as well as from the Aegean islands described in a report written in 1886 by the ‘folklorist-traveller’ Theodore Bent.
Identities
Authors: Mcmanus Clare 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early modern period, as the General Introduction has shown, is often figured as the crucible of the modern subject. In the wake of the rejection of the universal, stable self, however, that subject has changed. Yet ideas of the self (the ‘I’, the ‘me’, as opposed to the ‘other’), identity (the defining content of the self) and subjectivity (the experience and articulation of selfhood and identity) remain among the most important concerns animating current critical interventions into the Renaissance. Much current work explores the nature of identity after its theoretical deconstruction. It points to a constructed subject, the self forged under the pressure of historical, social and discursive circumstance
The Late Shakespearian Canon
Authors: Lyne Raphael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Readers, audiences, and critics have regularly described special qualities in the works written towards the end of Shakespeare’s theatrical career: especially Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The Tempest. Ariel’s song, quoted above, calms and perplexes Ferdinand with its description of an intriguing physical change, but as the prince discovers later, Alonso has not actually died at all. While extraordinary stories filled with emotional intensity and challenging dramaturgy add up to a ‘rich and strange’ new direction in Shakespeare’s career, the metamorphosis can be overstated— many key interests of earlier works find themselves reworked.
Shakespeare, Early and Late
Authors: Lyne Raphael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As was explored in an earlier chapter, Shakespeare sharpens his audience’s sense of what the word ‘appears’ may offer. This story is incredible to the ear, but as a visual spectacle it transcends seeming and overcomes objections. In this chapter the focus shifts away from the technique and value of representation and towards the ‘old tales’ that are being re-presented. Pericles is based on the story of Apollonius of Tyre as retold in Lawrence Twyne’s Pattern of Painful Adventures, originally published in 1576and reprinted in 1607.
Introduction Critical Approaches
Authors: Paver Chloe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an object of study, the response of German and Austrian writers and film-makers to the Nazi past is a moving target: each year, new novels and films about the Third Reich clamour for critical attention, and each of those works is a product of ‘shifting memories’—ongoing social negotiations about the way in which the Third Reich and its crimes are to be remembered.1 A periodic scholarly stocktaking is therefore inevitable, since neither the artists nor the cultural climate that nurtures them stand still. The end of the Cold War, which has changed for good the ways in which Germany and, to a lesser degree, Austria understand their relationship with their respective National Socialist pasts, has generated a flood of new creative reckonings with the Third Reich and a following wave of scholarly analysis.
Darwin’s ‘Second Sun’: Alexander von Humboldt and the Genesis of The Voyage of the Beagle
Authors: Leask Nigel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For modern readers of Charles Darwin, the 1859 Origin of Species inevitably casts its long shadow back over his earlier travel book, commonly known as The Voyage of the Beagle, first published in 1839, and again, with substantial revisions, in 1845. Gillian Beer aptly describes Darwin’s book (actually published under the title Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle) as ‘a narrative whose peripeteia is just beyond the scope of the text, has not yet been performed’.
‘Brownie’ Sharpe and the Stuff of Dreams
Authors: Jacobus Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the medium of dream analysis? And what is the ‘stuff of dreams? One answer, at least since The Interpretation of Dreams, would be metaphor. But there are others. For Winnicott, it might be a holding medium, such as oil, which helps the wheels of the dream to go round; for Bion, alpha-function, making raw sensations and perceptions available for dreaming; or for Andre Green, negative states trying to accede to symbolization.
The Chemistry of Truth and the Literature of Dystopia
Authors: Winter Alison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that memories lie within us, almost as physical entities within a container, has an intuitive appeal. No less alluring is its corollary: that such entities can be accessed by putting the body or mind into a controllable state of openness. Efforts to do just this have a long and consequential history in the modern era. In particular, during the twentieth century several discrete research programmes explicitly pursued this end via the use of pharmaceuticals. The period also saw intensive literary reflection on the possibilities of ‘truth serum’ drugs and technologies.
Coming of Age
Authors: Keller E F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Schroedinger’s ‘What is Life?’ was widely read in the 1950s by scientists interested in biology, J. D. Watson’s account of his and Francis Crick’s epochal achievement, The Double Helix, has, it seems, been read by virtually everyone. Since its original publication in 1968, it has been reissued eleven times (in English alone)-including a 1980 appearance in a Norton Critical Edition; it has sold many thousands of copies, and promises to remain a strong seller for some time to come. In 2002, 34 years after its first appearance, eleven English language editions were still in print.
Literature and Complaint in England, 1272– 1553
Authors: Scase Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literature and Complaint in England 1272-1553 gives an entirely new and original perspective on the relations between early judicial process and the development of literature in England. Wendy Scase argues that texts ranging from political libels and pamphlets to laments of the unrequited lover constitute a literature shaped by the new and crucial role of complaint in the law courts. She describes how complaint took on central importance in the development of institutions such as Parliament and the common law in later medieval England, and argues that these developments shaped a literature of complaint within and beyond the judicial process. She traces the story of the literature of complaint from the earliest written bills and their links with early complaint poems in English, French, and Latin, through writings associated with political crises of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, to the libels and petitionary pamphlets of Reformation England. A final chapter, which includes analyses of works by Chaucer, Hoccleve, and related writers, proposes far-reaching revisions to current histories of the arts of composition in medieval England. Throughout, close attention is paid to the forms and language of complaint writing and to the emergence of an infrastructure for the production of plaint texts, and many images of plaints and petitions are included. The texts discussed include works by well-known authors as well as little-known libels and pamphlets from across the period.
Trust, Suffering, and the Aesculapian Virtues
Authors: Baier Annette C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aesculapius, son of Apollo, and pupil of centaur– physician Chiron, son of Chronos, was the Zeus-designated god of healing. What are the Aesculapian virtues, the virtues we want in those to whom we turn to heal and alleviate our ills? Aesculapius was son to serene, expressive Apollo, and pupil of the son of Chronos, god of time, and I shall suggest that both calm communicativeness and right timing are important virtues in healers. I have argued in a recent essay (Baier 2004) that virtues, or at least such virtues as show in our relations with each other, essentially are the wanted attitudes to the realization that we are in one another’s power.
The Good Life for Non-Human Animals: What Virtue Requires of Humans
Authors: Walker Rebecca L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of us have seen giant polar bears lying in the sun behind the high fence of a mid- to large-sized enclosure in a zoo. This zoo could be in nearly any big city in the world. The enclosure has cement floors and a pool for swimming. Or maybe we have seen great apes behind the glass of a viewing cage. In the cage are a few trees and some play equipment. The apes engage one another or look out silently from behind the glass or may even gesture at us as we look in at them. While children are simply fascinated by the sight of these animals, for adults these sights are sometimes troubling. Perhaps we even have mixed feelings about our unease.
The Relation Of Science And Religion
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus the contents of the Two Books which God had been presumed to set before mankind for his illumination, interacted in ways which Francis Bacon, perhaps, might not have anticipated. Unwise though it is to attempt to generalize about such a complex development, we need to look a little more closely at the history of the relation between the Two Books in order to provide the setting for understanding their present relation, especially in connection with the idea of creation, with which these lectures will be principally concerned.
Chance And The Doctrine Of Creation
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have tried to give a fair account of one aspect-the interplay of chance and law in the life-game-of our present scientific perspective on the world and to draw out its general implications, so far without much reference to a theism which conceives of a Creator God. I have, negatively, tried to show that the deduction (of Monod for example) from this picture, that the quest for meaning for man in the cosmos is hopeless, is not warranted by the role of chance in evolution both as Monod conceived it and, even more clearly, in the form the more thermodynamic and kinetic work of Prigogine and Eigen has indicated.
Manas Agent: God As Agent
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recurrent ground bass to the upper and more obvious tones of these lectures is the relation of God and the world. We have been elaborating how the sciences unveil that world as a hierarchy of levels of systems each requiring its own conceptual schemes for understanding and articulation, as well as experimental tools for investigation, and that these systems have appeared in time through the operation of the laws governing the behaviour of the units and with no discontinuity.
Introduction
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous lectures, after an examination of the historical relation of science and theology, as represented in the metaphor of the ‘Two Books’, I have given reasons for thinking that we might be entering into a more fruitful phase of this relation, in which the results and methods of the two enterprises might be regarded as complementary in that quest for intelligibility and personal meaning in which we are all engaged-even now, perhaps especially now, in this age of burgeoning technology and uniquely energetic and fecund science.
The Processes Of Evolution
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some distinctive attributes of man are mentioned, but this by no means exhausts his essential attributes, those which might be regarded as innate. G. E. Pugh (in The Biological Origin of Human Values, Basic Books Inc., New York, 1977) has provisionally identified the following ‘values’ (i.e. aims which the human decision system seeks to fulfil) as built in by evolution and so as innate, or primary (i.e. fundamental and unalterable by human beings themselves):A. Selfish ‘values’. Hunger, thirst, fear, rocking urge, sucking urge, anger, itch, excretion urge. B. Social ‘values’.
The Emergence Of Man
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Man has emerged as a natural product of this process but with his advent ‘evolution’, hitherto effected by the processes I have been describing, takes on a new form. As Simpson says, It is still false to conclude that man is nothing but the highest animal, or the most progressive product of organic evolution. He is also a fundamentally new sort of animal and one in which, although organic evolution continues on its way, a fundamentally new sort of evolution has also appeared.
What Do Men Live By?
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is significant that, as far as we can tell, this question is asked by only one evolved living organism, man, who alone seems to be able to distance himself from both himself and the world in which he has emerged and then to reflect upon his existence there. It seems to be one of the distinctive features of his being a person, of being able to say ‘I’ of himself. In asking this question, and those of the last paragraph, we are trying to unravel man’s needs.
Introduction
Authors: Peacocke Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ON Christmas Day 1968, three American astronauts (Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders) were the first human beings ever to go round the ‘dark’ side of the moon away from the Earth. Firing their rockets at the crucial point, they headed Apollo 8 for home and it was then that these three men beheld the planet Earth in a way vouchsafed to only a small number of human beings.
Bad Intensions
Authors: Byrne Alex , Pryor James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us say chat a speaker associates property P with word Tiff the speaker believes that the referent of T (if it exists) has P. Here are three roles that associated properties might fill. First, a speaker might be able co know that the referent of word T has certain properties (if it exists), armed only with her understanding of T and a bit of a priori reflection. If so, then let us say that those properties fiH the a priori role (for word T). For instance, perhaps anyone who understands the word water is able to know, without appeal co any further a posteriori information, that water refers to the clear, drinkable natural kind whose instances are predominant in our oceans and lakes (if water refers at all-we will suppress this qualification from here on). Or, less controversially, perhaps anyone who understands water is able to know that water refers to a natural kind, or at least that it docs not refer to an abstract object like a number. Or, almost uncontroversially, perhaps anyone who understands water is able to know that it refers to water. This last example shows that, plausibly, there will always be some property filling the a priori role for word T that its referent uniquely possesses-being water, in the case of water. What is entirely unobvious is whether speakers have more interesting kinds of identifying knowledge about the referents of words: say, that water refers to the clear, drinkable natural kind predominant in our oceans and lakes. At first glance, such cases seem to be the exception, not the rule.
Reference, Contingency, and the Two-Dimensional Framework
Authors: Davies Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to [use] a puzzle about the contingent a priori to test and explore certain theories of reference and modality. No one could claim that the puzzle is of any great philosophical importance by itself, but to understand it, one has to get dear about certain aspects of the theory of reference; and to solve it, one has to think a little more deeply than one is perhaps accustomed about what it means to say that a statement is contingent or necessary. The most familiar examples of the puzzle of the contingent a priori and the mirrorimage puzzle of the necessary a posteriori involve what appear to be referring expressions: ordinary proper names, names of natural kinds, names with their reference fixed by description. So an account of the puzzles can scarcely avoid involvement with the theory of reference. But, as Evans stresses, there are other examples of the contingent a priori and the necessary a posteriori that do not involve referring expressions at all. So no thesis about reference can suffice, by itself, for a complete solution to the puzzles. Rather, Evans proposes, a solution must be provided by reflection on the modal notions of contingency and necessity.
Comment on ‘Two Notions of Necessity’
Authors: Evans Gareth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I confess to being a bit suspicious of the way you introduce your operator ‘:P, though I am quite unable to express my doubts in a compelling way.
Incidentally, I chink the general ideas of your paper would be more clearly visible if you had taken as basic an operator ‘(8}’ with the condition: because this is closer to a necessity operator right from the start. But there are probably many refinements which would be difficult later, and it would not have the same degree of continuity with the earlier paper [Crossley and Humberscone, 1977].
Kripke, the Necessary Aposteriori, and the Two-Dimensionalist Heresy
Authors: Soames Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Necessary Aposteriori: Revolution and Reaction A little over thirty years ago, Saul Kripke and others advanced what was then a revolutionary thesis: there are necessary truths knowledge of which requires empirical evidence. Kripke’s route to this conclusion was breathtakingly simple. He first used the concept of rigid designation to rebut Quine’s influential objection to essenrialism. Then, with both a non-descriptive semantics and a rehabilitated conception of essentialism in place, he showed how to generate instances of the necessary aposteriori. If n is a rigid designator of o, and P expresses an essential property of o which is such that knowledge that o has it requires empirical evidence, then the proposition expressed by if n exis-ts, then n is Pis both necessary and knowable only aposteriori. Although Kripke’s examples were extraordinarily convincing, some theorists harbored philosophical commitments that did not allow them to be convinced. For example, those who identified propositions with sets of metaphysically possible world-states were committed to the view that there is only one necessary proposition, which surely is knowable apriori. Other theorists offered analyses of knowledge according to which one knows piff one has evidence ruling out all relevant (metaphysically) possible ways in which p could be false-a conception according to which necessary truths are trivially knowable, since they are true no matter which possible state the world is in. For these theorists, the only option was to try to explain away Kripke’s revolutionary discovery. In the last twenty-five years a systematic strategy has grown up around a technical development called twodimensional modal logic for doing essentially that. This strategy seeks to construct a descriptivist two-dimensional model that lays the foundation either for denying.
Traditional Duties: Housewife, Mother, Consumer
Authors: Bingham Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the ‘modern young woman’ met the editorial need for bright, unusual, and controversial articles after 1918, the housewife and mother was at the other end of the news spectrum: she represented the average, the everyday, the basic norm against which other manifestations of femininity were defined. While the activities of the ‘flapper’ were frequently the subject of the main news and feature pages, those of the housewife were more often to be found in the sedate surroundings of the ‘women’s section ‘. This section was somewhat isolated from the rhythms of the rest of the paper. Rarely conspicuously affected by the political crises or social upheavals that resounded around the other columns, the women’s pages appeared to represent a haven from the travails of the public sphere.
Postscript
Authors: Copeland Rita , Lawton, David , Scase Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This, the seventh volume of New Medieval Literatures, is also the last with Oxford University Press. The age of seven was, of course, particularly significant in the medieval lifetime; it was the end of one age and the beginning of the next, a time of passage. Just so, the seventh issue of this annual is a fitting time to take stock, to look backwards and forwards. Looking back, the seven volumes, and well over seventy essays, have ranged widely methodologically, chronologically, and culturally. We have featured the work of a large number of the most prominent scholars in the field.
Setting
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Windsor-Forest is a poem on a public theme, but it has deep roots in its author’s private experience. The aim of this chapter is first to re-examine the circumstances of the work’s composition, and then to detect the ways in which it dramatizes aspects of Pope’s own relationships with the Forest. In his boyhood and adolescence at Binfield, a crucial influence was Sir William Trumbull, who claimed to have set the young poet to work on Windsor-Forest. Moreover, Trumbull was Pope’s earliest important Pat ron: the man who introduced him to the world of high politics, and the man who could imbue him with a first-hand sense of the tumultuous events of the seventeenth century.
Biography
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to come to a full understanding of the poem, we need to locate it within Pope’s career as a writer. This is because the composition of Windsor-Forest marks a moment of transition as he developed from a primarily descriptive poet, concerned with the matter of traditional genres such as pastoral, to a primarily satiric poet, dealing with public themes and urban issues. In the first section of the chapter, an attempt will be made to provide the context for a literary shift which parallels the swerve in Pope’s private life as he left the Forest for Chiswick, on the edge of the city.