bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOT KNOWING OTHER AFRICAN AMERICAN BEREAVED DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS: SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEW RESULTS
Authors: Millenbah Ashley , Frazier Robbin , Fairbanks Sheryl , Wolfe Warren , Baker Zachary 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Semi-structured interviews focused on African American bereaved dementia caregivers and the individual who may serve them in the Twin Cities of Minnesota. The four questions that drove these interviews were linear in nature: 1. What needs exist among African American bereaved dementia caregivers in the Twin Cities? 2. What services exist to help these individuals meet their needs? 3. If unmet needs exist, would the group support model meet those needs? and, 4. If this model is promising, what adaptations might it need to best serve African American bereaved dementia caregivers? Interviews showed that needs exist at points before and after caregiving ends to increase education and destigmatize dementia in African American communities to facilitate understanding, acceptance, and validation during and after caregiving. Support from those who have gone through similar situations is increasingly important both during and after dementia caregiving, but identifying those in similar situations is difficult (few could identify any other African American Bereaved Dementia Caregivers besides themselves). While a culturally specific support group model was of interest to some to create a feeling of comfort, others emphasized that the main importance was a bonding over shared experiences, regardless of cultural background. A former dementia caregiver support group might be held in various locations and hosted by varying individuals, including at a church, hair salon, or even a grocery store. Overall, it was seen as important for there to be a specific meaning, purpose, and goals for a group of African American former dementia caregivers.
DETECTING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT FROM DIGITAL VOICE RECORDINGS OF A REPETITION TASK
Authors: Andersen Stacy , Roth Nicole , Park Seho , Perls Thomas , Cosentino Stephanie , Au Rhoda , Sebastiani Paola 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease is needed but cognitive screeners, used widely in research and clinical settings, suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity. Acoustic features of speech are altered in Alzheimer’s disease and may aid detection of cognitive impairment. We sought to test whether acoustic metrics from a cognitive screener differentiate individuals with cognitive impairment from those who are cognitively normal. We extracted 38 acoustic features from digital voice recordings of the Mini-Mental Status Examination repetition task from Long Life Family Study participants using the openSMILE toolkit. Highly correlated features (r&gt;0.9) were removed. Cognitive status (impaired versus cognitively normal) was determined through consensus review of neuropsychological testing and informant interviews. Bayesian Information Criterion-based stepwise regression including 24 acoustic variables and retaining age, sex, education, and MMSE score in all models was used to identify predictors of cognitive status. Acoustic features from preliminary data included 277 participants (mean age 74.8±12.3 years old, 57% females, 34% cognitively impaired due to oversampling). Stepwise selection identified greater loudness (i.e., signal intensity; p&lt;0.001), smaller pitch changes (p=0.007), and lower Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (i.e., a metric of voice quality; p=0.017) as significantly associated with cognitive impairment. A model with MMSE, demographics, and acoustics had a higher discriminative value for cognitive status (AUC 0.95, sensitivity=0.97, specificity=0.73) than the model without acoustics (AUC = 0.94, sensitivity=0.97, specificity=0.63). Overall, acoustic features from a brief (i.e., 3 second) repetition task were associated with cognitive impairment and added information beyond traditional scoring that increased the specificity of a cognitive screener.
LINGUISTIC PROFILES OF PARAGRAPH RECALL PREDICT DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Park Seho , Roth Nicole , Sebastiani Paola , Cosentino Stephanie , Andersen Stacy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our previous work identified linguistic markers from paragraph recall that predicted cognitive impairment. However, many features were related to psychological constructs, and mood disorders, such as depression, are also associated with cognitive impairment. Therefore, we aimed to identify linguistic markers that are associated with depression and examine their overlap with those for cognitive impairment. We used Linguistic Inquiry Word Count, a natural language processing tool, on Logical Memory transcriptions from the Long Life Family Study. Depression status was positive for participants with a self-reported depression diagnosis or high depressive symptoms (i.e., a CESD-10 score≥10) at testing. We used logistic regression models with Generalized Estimating Equations adjusted by age, sex, education, and within-family relatedness to identify linguistic features associated with depression status (Bonferroni-corrected threshold of p&lt;.001). The sample included 61 participants with evidence of depression and 539 participants without (mean age=72.1±10.9 years, female=63%). A lower percentage of verb use in delayed recall was significantly associated with depression (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.71, CI 0.55-0.93, p=.0001). Additionally, 3 immediate recall features (verbs, OR=0.71; prepositions, OR=1.30; differentiation words, OR=1.30) and 5 delayed recall features (function words, OR=0.68; prepositions, OR=1.50; future tense, OR=0.48; cognitive process words, OR=0.78; past tense, OR=0.74) were significant at a nominal level (p=.009 to p=.035). We identified linguistic features from paragraph recall responses that predict depression and were largely distinct from those associated with cognitive impairment as only two features overlapped. Linguistic analyses of spoken responses may help us understand contributors to test performance and distinguish between cognitive impairment and depression.
POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION OF POOR ORAL HEALTH FOR THE INCIDENCE OF DEMENTIA: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Qi Xiang , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates a positive association between suboptimal oral health and increased risks of dementia. Despite the preventable and treatable nature of many oral health problems, oral health has not been considered in the risk factors for dementia that shape public health policy and research priorities. We aimed to quantify and compare the fractions of incident dementia attributable to poor oral health and other modifiable risk factors. The research included a nationally-representative sample of 15,474 cognitively intact adults aged≥50 from the Health and Retirement Study, with the outcome of incident dementia between 2006 to 2016. We estimated the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and population attributable fraction (PAF) of edentulism and nine risk additional dementia factors. Additional analyses were conducted on 1,239 individuals who completed the “Dental Health Module” in 2008, examining oral health problems as an exposure. Edentulism was associated with a higher risk of dementia for both men (HR,1.38; 95%CI, 1.15-1.66) and women (HR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.16-1.51). The PAF of edentulism for dementia was 4.64%, which exceeded that of hearing impairment (3.58%) and hypertension (2.90%). Oral health problems were also a significant factor for men (HR, 2.01; 95%CI, 1.49-3.39) and women (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.30), with a PAF of 11.84% among men, the second-largest following less education (22.60%). The substantial estimated proportion of dementia attributed to poor oral health in the aging population, particularly in men, warrants more attention. Dental care should be an integral component of a comprehensive approach to promoting cognitive health.
CORRELATES OF DENTAL CARE UTILIZATION AMONG US INFORMAL DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Mao Weiyu , Wu Bei , Yang Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Informal dementia caregivers tend to report more negative health impacts from the caregiving role, higher levels of unmet needs, and lower levels of service utilization compared to caregivers of persons with other types of illnesses. There remains a gap in knowledge of understanding unique correlates of dental care utilization among informal dementia caregivers. As guided by the Andersen model, this study examined correlates of dental care utilization among U.S. informal dementia caregivers. Data came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected in 2016, 2018, and 2020 (n=2,931). Respondents were selected when they reported providing regular care or assistance to a friend or family member who has Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, or other cognitive impairment disorder. Dental care utilization was dichotomized into “yes” versus “no” within the past year. Caregiving-related characteristics included caregiver role (e.g., spouse, adult child, other relative, and friend), intensity of care, duration of care, and type of care. Other correlates included caregiver characteristics, health behaviors, and physical and oral health needs. Findings from stepwise logistic regression models demonstrate that being a spousal caregiver, providing more than 20 hours of care per week, being male, having high school or less education, being low-income, unemployed, current smoker, having no health insurance, no current alcohol use, or less than adequate sleep was associated with a lower likelihood of vising a dentist within the past year. The findings suggest targeting spousal caregivers and those who provide intensive care to improve dental care-seeking behaviors in dementia caregiver support intervention strategies.
GENTRIFICATION, AGING, AND HEALTH: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Bailey Dionne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multiple definitions of gentrification exist, and the lack of consensus about what constitutes gentrification has limited the efforts of this concept’s measurement/operationalization as well as an understanding of how gentrification influences outcomes, particularly for older adults. The objective of this literature review is to synthesize existing definitions and measurement approaches to gentrification in studies of older adults and their communities. Another objective is to summarize the health implications of gentrification for older adults. OVID Medline, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched in order to identify peer-reviewed articles that were published up to August 2022. ‘Gentrification’ and ‘Aging’ were the keywords utilized to search for peer-reviewed articles. Post abstract screening, each article was annotated to identify key study characteristics and tabulated to identify patterns and themes. Forty-nine articles were identified and extrapolated. The analysis revealed inconsistencies in the definition of gentrification, which lead to mixed findings related to the health effects of gentrification for older people. Specifically, it was found that there are both positive and negative effects of gentrification. The most consistent findings evident were that minorities were most at-risk during periods of gentrification, particularly Black older adults. It is imperative that a scientific consensus is reached when defining and subsequently operationalizing gentrification. Such refinements will result in more robust and rigorous quantitative and qualitative research that describes the health implications and/or lived experiences of gentrification for older adults.
LIVING FOREVERWELL IN RURAL AMERICA: RESULTS FROM A QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF A YMCA HEALTHY AGING PROGRAM
Authors: Kappel Rachel , Bayne Alycia , Popat Shena , Frank Mabel , Hasson Seana , Mondick Lindsay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Older adults benefit from community programs that promote physical and mental health, reduce social isolation, and offer connections to community resources. However, older adults living in rural communities have access to fewer health and social services and experience barriers to participation such as access to transportation. Recognizing these challenges, the YMCA of the USA (Y-USA) expanded ForeverWell, a healthy aging model, to 17 YMCAs (“Ys”) serving adults aged 55+ living in rural areas. Developed by the YMCA of the North in Minnesota, ForeverWell is a flexible set of Y activities focused on five dimensions of healthy aging: mind, body, community, spirit, and nature. The goals of ForeverWell are to improve health and well-being, decrease social isolation, and increase community connections among older adults. NORC at the University of Chicago conducted a qualitative evaluation of ForeverWell’s expansion in 17 communities in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. NORC conducted virtual interviews with 25 Y staff members and 24 program participants to identify facilitators, challenges, and outcomes. NORC transcribed interviews and conducted qualitative content analysis to identify themes. This session describes findings from the interviews. A key facilitator of success was the flexibility of the model. Challenges included staff and financial resources, outreach in rural areas, and transportation access. Ys developed and enhanced older adult programming and created new partnerships. Program participants reported improvements in physical and mental health and strong social connections. ForeverWell is a flexible, holistic healthy aging program that shows promise for older adults living in rural communities.
AGE DIFFERENCES AMONG WITHIN-PERSON INDICATORS OF STRESS AND DEPRESSION
Authors: Blaxton Jessica , Bergeman Cindy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although older adults tend to regulate their emotions and resist stress better than midlife or younger adults (Charles & Carstensen, 2007), research suggests that when older adults do negatively react to stress they may have more difficulty recovering (Charles, 2010). Research reveals that various indicators of stress relate to greater depression – even suggesting that stress causes the depression (van Praag, 2004). Individual perceived stress (PS) as well as perceived stress reactivity (PSR) influence how stress impacts well-being (Folkman et al., 1986). Thus, we examined age differences in the within-person relationships among PS, PSR, and depression, and potential causal determinants of depression with a longitudinal mediation model. We used data from 572 participants in the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (M(age) = 59.77; sd(age) = 14.22) who completed two to four waves of yearly assessments. Sequentially built multilevel models, in which year was nested within person, illustrated that only midlife adults experience an exacerbated effect of within-person fluctuations in PSR on the relationship between within-person PS and depressive levels (gamma41 = -0.004, p &lt; .01). The longitudinal mediation model revealed that PSR at Time 2 mediated the relationship between PS at Time 1 and Depression at Time 3. Findings suggest that older adults illustrate successful emotion regulation strategies at the yearly level --resisting the negative ramifications of years of greater PS and PSR, whereas midlife adults who experience years of greater PSR would particularly benefit from stress management interventions and monitoring of depressive levels.
CONNECTING THE DOTS: COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AMONG OLDER ADULTS, STUDENTS, AND INSTRUCTORS
Authors: Reynolds Caitlin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although the aging process is a universal phenomenon, misconceptions regarding late adulthood are prevalent, such as loneliness and dependency, which often lead to negative stereotypes and poor developmental outcomes (Kotter-Grühn, 2015); thus, it is important to minimize these stereotypes in an educational platform. Intergenerational discussions have been shown to be a robust approach in reducing stereotypes (Canedo-García et al., 2017; Golenko et al., 2019); especially if it is used to dismantle “othering” the groups by creating community and collectivist perspectives (D’Antonio, 2020). My goal is to explore how intergenerational discussions can be used in the classroom to facilitate collaborative learning among older adults, students, and instructors. In the Fall 2022 and Spring 2023 semesters, I partnered with the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute (OLLI) to connect undergraduate students with older adults from the community. The course centered around the students’ social innovation project- address how current systems may not adequately support older adults and propose a creative solution. The students interviewed the OLLI members throughout the semester about course content (e.g., their awareness of age-related discrimination and barriers in their community). At the end of the semester, students used their accumulated information from both the OLLI members and the course material to propose their social innovation to the OLLI members. The OLLI members asked questions, made recommendations, and highlighted limitations in the students’ work. I observed collaborative thinking and sharing across both groups during these presentations. Overall, intergenerational discussions were a valuable tool in the classroom.
EMERITI PROFESSORS’ INTERGENERATIONAL CONNECTION: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH EXPLORING PERCEPTIONS AND SATISFACTION
Authors: Melillo Karen Devereaux , Gautam Ramraj , Abdallah Lisa , Wangwun Patcharee 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
UMass Lowell, designated an AFU in 2019, launched AFU Inventory and Climate Surveys in 2020; respondents identified “involving retired faculty in university activities’ (AFU Principle 9) as an area for improvement. A follow-up study, guided by the PEACE Model (Levey, 2018), was undertaken to reduce students’ negative stereotypes about older adults and promote positive experiences through active engagement with professor emeriti. One study objective was to explore the experiences of emeriti professors’ in engaging online with Intro to Gerontology students in a novel intergenerational classroom activity. Emeriti professors met twice for one hour each with a group of 4-5 students. Following the activity, emeriti professors were invited to participate in one-hour qualitative interviews. The purpose was to explore their perceptions of, and satisfaction with, the experience in having engaged online with students. Nine of the 12 emeriti professors agreed to participate. The Zoom interviews were conducted December 2022 and January 2023 by two researchers. Qualitative content analysis coding was carried out individually by four researchers, who then met in pairs of two, followed by all four reaching consensus on identified themes. The findings revealed six major themes: enriching the IGL experiences; passion for teaching and interacting with young people; transition to and life after retirement; impact of COVID on engagement; university role in connecting with and engaging emeriti; and satisfaction with values and ideas expressed in IGL activities. These themes offer guidance in promoting AFU principle 9 through a novel intergenerational activity that benefits emeriti professors, students and universities.
MIXED-METHOD PILOT STUDY OF BREAST AND PROSTATE CANCER TREATMENT DIFFERENCES BY COGNITIVE STATUS
Authors: Mullins Megan , Kabeto Mohammed , Abrahamse Paul , Hawley Sarah , Levine Deborah , Kobayashi Lindsay , Wallner Lauren 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the association of cognitive status with treatment for breast and prostate cancer in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to Medicare claims (2000-2016), and surveyed physicians at an NCI designated comprehensive cancer center (N= 20, response rate 52%) to explore whether treatment recommendations differ by patient cognitive status. We evaluated the association between cognitive status and treatment receipt among Medicare-eligible HRS participants aged ≥65 whose first and only cancer was breast (n=334) or prostate (n=1,210). Multivariable logistic regression was used adjusting for race, marital status, year, age, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, education, and comorbid conditions. Physicians were randomized to clinical vignettes presenting a patient with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or normal cognition and asked their treatment recommendations for early-stage cancer via survey. Women with dementia had 80% lower odds of receiving radiation therapy compared to cognitively normal women (aOR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.03-0.87). Oncologists were less likely to recommend chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer patients with MCI (vs. normal cognition). Prostate cancer treatment receipt and recommendations did not vary by cognitive status. Notably, 25% of breast oncologists and 40% of urologic oncologists overestimated the risk of dementia among patients with MCI, and both groups were more likely to ascertain caregiver preferences for patients with MCI. These findings suggest there may be differences in cancer treatment recommendations and receipt among patients with MCI compared to those with normal cognition, which may be in part driven by physician overestimation of dementia risk.
PEPTIDOGLYCAN RECOGNITION PROTEIN-1 PREDICTS CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Todorova Valentina , Azhar Gohar , Wei Jeanne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anti-cancer agent but may induce cardiotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction through inflammatory mechanisms. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), secreted by inflammatory cells such as neutrophils has been elevated in the circulation of patients with cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that PGLYRP1 might be elevated in cancer patients receiving DOX and will correlate with cardiac or cognitive function. Gene expression of peripheral blood cells and plasma protein concentration of PGLYRP1 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) and ELISA in 18 breast cancer patients with subclinical cardiotoxicity and in some of the cases with self-reported memory problems in comparison with 22 patients without cardiotoxicity. After adjusting for age and race using multivariate logistic regression, we found a positive correlation between PGLYRP1 log2 fold change of gene expression (0.878 versus 0.534, p=0.05) and protein expression (0.920 versus 0.534, p=0.08) in patients with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, as evident by left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) reduction by &gt;10% versus baseline. Reduced LVEF secondary to DOX, appeared to cause memory impairment similar to vascular cognitive decline. The results from this study suggest that PGLYRP1 could potentially be used as predictive biomarker for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (ADRD). The role of PGLYRP1 in DOX -associated cardiac and cognitive decline in older cancer patients needs further exploration in larger studies.