bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Data Presentation Regarding Gingival Crevicular Fluid Myeloperoxidase and Elastase‐Like Activity in Periodontal Disease and Health Status
Authors: Yamalik Nermin , Çağlayan Feriha , Kilinç Kamer , Kilinç Asuman , Tümer Celal 
Published: February 2005

Background: The enzymatic profile of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is being analyzed with increasing interest, but related studies lack a general consensus on most methodological points, including the appropriate mode of data presentation.Methods: GCF myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase‐like activity (ELA) levels were spectrophotometrically determined on a total of 60 subjects who were divided into three equal subgroups as early‐onset periodontitis (EOP), adult periodontitis (AP), and healthy. GCF enzyme levels were calculated and evaluated both as total enzyme activity and enzyme concentration. The correlations between these GCF enzymes and clinical periodontal status were also analyzed.Results: With both modes of data presentation, the results regarding MPO activity were consistent. When presented either as total MPO activity or MPO concentration, the periodontally healthy group showed significantly lower MPO activity than the two patient groups (P <0.05). However, two modes of data presentation did not match when GCF ELA was concerned. When data were reported as total ELA, the healthy group exhibited lower enzyme activity (0.02 ± 0.001 U) than EOP (0.04 ± 0.01 U) and AP (0.06 ± 0.02 U) groups; but when reported as concentration, the highest ELA levels were seen in the healthy group (221 ± 31.53 nmol/min/ml), followed by AP (98.63 ± 23.03 nmol/min/ml) and EOP (70.49 ± 12.02 nmol/min/ml) (P <0.05). A strong‐positive and significant correlation existed between GCF MPO and ELA. Correlations with clinical parameters were mostly observed with total activities.Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the relationship between GCF ELA and MPO activity and periodontal disease and also support the functional relativity between the two enzymes. Furthermore, based on these findings, it can be suggested that data presentation by use of total activity seems to be more sensitive in both the reflection of the actual enzymatic profile of GCF and also the existing clinical periodontal status. For each GCF component, the validity of different modes of data presentation should be considered. J Periodontol 2000; 71:460‐467.
Experimental Stress Suppresses Recruitment of Macrophages But Enhanced Their P. gingivalis LPSStimulated Secretion of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Shapira Lior , Frolov Igor , Halabi Amal , Ben‐Nathan David 
Published: February 2005

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that stress can alter the onset and progression of periodontal disease. However, the mechanisms involved are not clear. The present study was designed to examine whether the functional response of mouse macrophages stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is affected by experimental stress, and to investigate the role of corticosterone (CS) in the stress‐related effects.Methods: Two models of stress were used: emotional (isolation) and physical (cold). We measured thioglycollate‐induced macrophage recruitment in vivo, and LPS‐induced nitric oxide (NO) secretion by the macrophages in vitro. Two groups of mice were exposed to the stress conditions: isolation or cold. A third group was injected daily with CS, and a fourth group was used as a control (no stress). After 3 days of stress conditions, thioglycollate was injected into the peritoneal cavity. Four days later, peritoneal macrophages were isolated, counted, and cultured. The secretion of NO by the cultured cells was evaluated with and without P. gingivalis LPS stimulation.Results: The number of cells in the peritoneal lavage of stressed mice was significantly reduced in comparison to macrophages isolated from non‐stressed animals. The number of macrophages from CS‐treated mice did not differ from controls. NO secretion from unstimulated macrophages did not differ between the stressed and control groups. Stimulation of the macrophages with P. gingivalis LPS significantly enhanced NO secretion by macrophages from the control and stressed animals, but not by the CStreated group. NO levels secreted by P. gingivalis‐stimulated cells from the two stressed groups were significantly higher than the levels secreted by controls, and the isolation group released significantly higher levels than the cold group. Stimulation of the macrophages with P. gingivalis LPS and interferon (IFN)‐γ resulted in enhanced NO secretion in the 4 groups compared to LPS alone, with no significant differences between the groups.Conclusions: The results suggest that experimental stress modulates the response of macrophages to inflammatory stimulants, and that CS is not the sole mediator involved. The presence of IFN‐γ in the culture may mask the functional differences induced by stress. The stress‐induced upregulation of NO secretion might be involved in the accelerated periodontal destruction in stressed subjects. J Periodontol 2000;71:476‐481.
Ridge Augmentation Following Implantation of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 in the Dog
Authors: Barboza Eliane Porto , Duarte Maria Eugênia Leite , Geolás Luiz , Sorensen Rachel G. , Riedel Gerard E. , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier induces bone for reconstruction of skeletal defects. The rhBMP‐2/ACS implant is prepared by administering a rhBMP‐2 solution to dry ACS. Once prepared, rhBMP‐2/ACS forms a moldable, cohesive, and adhesive implant. However, rhBMP‐2/ACS does not have sufficient structural strength to withstand soft tissue compression at specific anatomic sites. To more fully understand the mechanisms that affect bone induction by rhBMP‐2/ACS in the presence of soft tissue compression, it would be useful to have a preclinical model that appropriately simulates such circumstances in patients. This pilot study evaluated one such potential model.Methods: Bilateral, Class III alveolar defects were surgically produced in 4 adult mongrel dogs following extraction of the mandibular fourth premolars and reduction of the alveolar ridge. After an 8‐week healing interval, mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated and rhBMP‐2/ACS or rhBMP‐2/ACS combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) was implanted into contralateral defects. The animals were euthanized at 12 weeks post‐augmentation and block biopsies processed for histologic evaluation.Results: Limited augmentation followed implantation of rhBMP‐2/ACS (0.7 ± 0.6 mm). In contrast, sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS/HA exhibited clinically relevant ridge augmentation (5.5 ± 1.6 mm). Defects implanted with rhBMP‐2/ACS exhibited dense trabeculation within the corpus of the reduced alveolar process. The cortices appeared intact without evidence of expansion into the defect area. Three defects receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS/HA exhibited sparse bone trabeculae amidst HA particles, fibrovascular tissue, and marrow. Commonly, the HA particles were encapsulated by fibrous tissue. Some particles were observed in contact with bone.Conclusions: The results suggests that rhBMP‐2/ACS has limited effect alone in this augmentation model of Class III alveolar ridge defects. Inclusion of HA into the rhBMP‐2 construct results in clinically relevant augmentation, however, the quality of bone is compromised. J Periodontol 2000;71:488‐496.
Treatment With Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Improves the Efficacy of Scaling and Root Planing in Patients With Adult Periodontitis
Authors: Caton Jack G. , Ciancio Sebastian G. , Blieden Timothy M. , Bradshaw Mark , Crout Richard J. , Hefti Arthur F. , Massaro Joseph M. , Polson Alan M. , Thomas John , Walker Clay 
Published: February 2005

Background: In a previous study, subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) significantly improved clinical parameters associated with periodontal health in patients with adult periodontitis (AP) when used as an adjunct to a maintenance schedule of supragingival scaling and dental prophylaxis. In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of SDD were evaluated in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with AP.Methods: Patients (n = 190) received SRP at the baseline visit and were randomized to receive either SDD 20 mg bid or placebo bid for 9 months. Efficacy parameters included the per‐patient mean changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) from baseline, the per‐patient percentages of tooth sites with attachment loss (AL) ≥2 mm and ≥3 mm from baseline, and the per‐patient percentage of tooth sites with bleeding on probing. Prior to analysis, tooth sites were stratified by the degree of disease severity evident at baselineResults: In tooth sites with mild to moderate disease and severe disease (n = 183, intent‐to‐treat population), improvements in CAL and PD were significantly greater with adjunctive SDD than with adjunctive placebo at 3, 6, and 9 months (all P <0.05). In tooth sites with severe disease, the per‐patient percentage of sites with AL ≥2 mm from baseline to month 9 was significantly lower with adjunctive SDD than with adjunctive placebo (P <0.05). Improvements in clinical outcomes occurred without detrimental shifts in the normal periodontal flora or the acquisition of doxycycline resistance or multiantibiotic resistance. SDD was well tolerated, with a low incidence of discontinuations due to adverse events.Conclusions: The adjunctive use of SDD with SRP is more effective than SRP alone and may represent a new approach in the long‐term management of AP. J Periodontol 2000;71:521‐532.
Effect of a Ceramic and a Non‐Ceramic Hydroxyapatite on Cell Growth and Procollagen Synthesis of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Ruano Rogério , Jaeger Ruy G. , Jaeger Márcia M.M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Ceramic hydroxyapatites and non‐ceramic hydroxyapatites have been used extensively as alloplastic materials for bone reconstruction. However, different forms of hydroxyapatite induce different types of tissue response.Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts (FMM1 cells) were used to analyze ceramic and non‐ceramic hydroxyapatite biocompatibility. The cells were grown on surfaces covered either by collagen (control group), collagen plus ceramic hydroxyapatite, or collagen plus non‐ceramic hydroxyapatite. Scanning electron microscopy, growth and cell viability curves, and procollagen immunoprecipitation were obtained. For the growth and viability curves, 104 cells were seeded on 60 mm dishes. Cells from each group were counted, in triplicate, at 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after seeding using the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay.Results: The cells grew in close contact with both types of hydroxyapatite particles. No differences were found in the amount of procollagen synthesis among any experimental group. The cultures treated with ceramic hydroxyapatite had a growth delay for the first 5 days. There was no difference in cell viability between the control group and the non‐ceramic hydroxyapatite group. However, cultures treated with ceramic hydroxyapatite showed significantly lower viability percentages than the other groups.Conclusions: Hydroxyapatite supports cell growth and fibroblast metabolism including collagen production, and hence is biocompatible. Cell viability and structural studies showed that non‐ceramic hydroxyapatite has relevant physical and biological properties as an implant material. J Periodontol 2000;71:540‐545.
The Prevalence of Pathogenic Periodontal Microflora in Healthy Young Adult Smokers
Authors: Shiloah Jacob , Patters Mark R. , Waring Margaret B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor in periodontitis, although the mechanisms of its effects are not well understood. The overall goal of this clinical study was to determine if smoking enhances the colonization of the oral cavity by pathogenic bacteria in a periodontitis‐free population. The prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola was investigated in 25 smokers and 25 non‐smokers by using DNA probes.Methods: The subjects were 21 to 35 years of age with a healthy periodontium or slight gingivitis and were systemically healthy. The test group included subjects who had a minimum of a 1.5 pack‐year history of smoking, while the control subjects never smoked. Subgingival plaque samples were taken by paper point following the assessment of multiple clinical parameters.Results: This investigation showed: 1) no statistically significant differences were noted in any clinical parameter measured between the groups; 2) of the 8 subjects who were infected by at least 1 tested pathogen, seven were smokers (P = 0.02); 3) infected smokers had a 15.7 ± 3.5 pack‐year history and smoked a mean of 27 ± 5 cigarettes/day versus 4.4 ± 0.8 pack years and 15 ± 1 cigarettes/day for the non‐infected smokers (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.004); and 4) smokers were 18 times more likely to exhibit the presence of pathogens than non‐smokers.Conclusions: These data indicate that the prevalence of colonization of the sulcus by pathogenic bacterial species in periodontitis‐free individuals is related to the quantity and duration of cigarette smoking. J Periodontol 2000;71:562‐567.
Expression of Molecules Involved in Antigen Presentation and T Cell Activation (HLA‐DR, CD80, CD86, CD44 and CD54) by Cultured Human Osteoblasts
Authors: Reyes‐Botella C. , Montes M.J. , Vallecillo‐Capilla M.F. , Olivares E.G. , Ruiz C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Osteoblasts express the CD44 antigen and HLA class II antigens, molecules which, together with other costimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86, and CD54, are involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of these molecules in human osteoblasts.Methods: Human osteoblastic cells obtained from samples of normal bone obtained during mandibular osteotomy were isolated, maintained in culture, and characterized. The identity of the cells was confirmed by their alkaline phosphatase activity and their capacity to produce osteocalcin. Flow cytometry was used to examine the expression HLA‐DR, CD80, CD86, CD44, and CD54 molecules involved in immune activities.Results: We detected the expression of CD10, CD44, and HLA‐DR antigens, molecules involved in antigen presentation in cultured osteoblastic cells. Although the cells were negative for CD45, the leukocyte common antigen and CD14 (an antigen detected on macrophages), they expressed CD54, CD80, and CD86 antigens, which are also involved in the mechanisms of antigen presentation to and activation of T cells.Conclusions: Our results suggest that osteoblastic cells or a subpopulation of these cells may have immune functions in bone. Further studies in which immune functions are assessed will be needed to test this hypothesis. J Periodontol 2000;71:614‐617.
Analysis of Human Gingival Tissue and Gingival Crevicular Fluid β‐Glucuronidase Activity in Specific Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Layik Meral , Yamalik Nermin , Çaglayan Feriha , Kilinç Kamer , Etikan Ilker , Eratalay Kenan 
Published: February 2005

Background: β‐glucuronidase (βG) is one of the enzymes involved in the destruction of non‐collagenous components of the extracellular matrix. It is also considered an indicator or predictor of periodontal disease activity. The present study was conducted to determine the presence and the levels of βG activity in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal disease and health status. The validity of 2 expressions of data, total βG activity versus βG concentration, and the correlations between clinical periodontal status and βG profile was also evaluated.Methods: βG activities in gingival tissues and GCF samples from 57 individuals, divided into 3 equal groups of adult periodontitis (AP), early‐onset periodontitis (EOP), and periodontally healthy subjects were spectrophotometrically examined.Results: Both patient groups had higher βG levels in both gingiva and GCF than controls. Significant differences were observed among all groups when total GCF βG activities were examined (P <0.05). However, the difference between AP and controls was not significant when concentration values were compared (P >0.05). The highest GCF βG activity, with both expressions, was detected in EOP group. No absolute correlations between clinical parameters and βG activity were observed, except for random correlations in the patient groups with mean total βG activities. Also GCF/gingiva βG levels and the 2 expressions did not show absolute correlations.Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the relationship between βG activity and periodontal diseases. The differences in data concerning GCF total βG activity and βG concentration may suggest that they are not matching measures. Data presentation seems to be an important factor in GCF/enzyme profile studies. J Periodontol 2000;71:618‐624.
Bone Probing Measurement as a Reliable Evaluation of the Bone Level in Periodontal Defects
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Young , Yi Seung‐Won , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Evaluation of periodontal regeneration is usually made by clinical measurements despite their limitations in determining the precise nature of the healing response. In the present study, the possibility of using bone probing measurements under local anesthesia to determine bone level changes without a re‐entry procedure was investigated.Methods: Thirty‐eight (38) first molars in 28 patients with chronic periodontitis who were scheduled to have periodontal surgery were included in this study. A custom‐made acrylic resin stent was used for proper orientation of the probe for the bone probing depth measurement as well as probing depth measurements and surgical and radiographic bone level evaluations. The mesial, distal, and middle sites in the buccal aspect of each tooth were used. The sites were divided into 2 groups according to probing depth: those with a probing depth < 4 mm and those with a probing depth ≥ 4 mm.Results: The probing depth was not significant in the difference between actual bone level (SBL) and bone probing depth (BP) (P >0.05). The greatest correlation to SBL was found with BP (γ = 0.92), followed by radiographic bone level (RBL) (γ = 0.69). The morphology of the defects had no significant effect on the difference between SBL and other measurements, while tooth surface and probing depth had significant effects on the difference between RBL and SBL.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that, regardless of probing depth, probing surface, and the presence of intrabony defects, there is a minimal difference between the BP and SBL. Determining the bone probing depth measurement is a kind of reliable method to estimate the regenerated bone level following periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2000;71:729‐735.
Histologic Evaluation of Periodontal Healing in Humans Following Regenerative Therapy With Enamel Matrix Derivative. A 10‐Case Series
Authors: Yukna Raymond A. , Mellonig James T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been developed as a stimulus of periodontal regeneration. Human histology following its use has not been evaluated on pathologically altered root surfaces.Methods: Ten intrabony defects in 8 patients were evaluated at 2 centers. Teeth with advanced adult periodontitis that were treatment planned for extraction were treated with sulcular incisions; full‐thickness flap reflection; debridement of granulomatous tissue from the defect; placement of a notch in the root at the apical extent of calculus; mechanical root planing; conditioning with citric acid; application of EMD; wound closure with sutures; and placement of a periodontal dressing. Biweekly to monthly recalls were made until removal of small block section biopsies at about 6 months. The biopsies were fixed, decalcified, step‐serial sectioned at 6µ to 8µ, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome.Results: Histologic evaluation of the region coronal to the base of the calculus notch showed evidence of regeneration (new cementum, new bone, and new periodontal ligament) in 3 specimens, new attachment (connective tissue attachment/adhesion only) in 3 specimens, and a long junctional epithelium in 4 specimens. No evidence of root resorption, ankylosis, or untoward inflammation was seen.Conclusions: The results of this study fulfill the proof of principle that use of EMD can result in periodontal regeneration on previously diseased root surfaces in humans, but on an inconsistent basis. J Periodontol 2000;71:752‐759.
Regeneration of Class III Furcation Defects With Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (b‐FGF) Associated With GTR. A Descriptive and Histometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Rossa Carlos , Marcantonio Elcio , Cirelli Joni A. , Marcantonio Rosemary A.C. , Spolidorio Luis C. , Fogo José C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The poor predictability of periodontal regenerative treatment of Class III furcation defects stimulates the study of alternatives to improve its results, such as the use of polypeptide growth factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate, both histologically and histometrically, the effects of topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF) associated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in the treatment of Class III defects surgically induced in dogs.Methods: All second and fourth premolars of 5 mongrel dogs were used and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: group 1 (control), treated with scaling and root planing, tetracycline hydrochloride (125 mg/ml) conditioning, and GTR with a collagen membrane; group 2, same treatment as group 1 plus 0.5 mg of b‐FGF; group 3, same treatment as group 1 plus 1.0 mg of b‐FGF. After a 90‐day healing period, routine histologic processing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome were performed.Results: The descriptive analysis indicated better regenerative results in both groups treated with b‐FGF while the histometric data, analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA), showed greater filling of the defects in group 2 in comparison to the defects in groups 3 and 1, respectively, which was represented by a smaller area of plaque‐occupied space (P = 0.004) as well as a greater amount of newly formed cementum (P = 0.002).Conclusions: These results indicate that b‐FGF, especially in smaller doses, may enhance the regenerative results in Class III furcation lesions, leading to greater filling of these defects with both mineralized and non‐mineralized tissues. J Periodontol 2000; 71:775‐784.