bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location and height of intertidal bars on macrotidal ridge and runnel beaches
Authors: Masselink Gerhard , Anthony Edward J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies devoted to the morphology and hydrodynamics of ridge and runnel beaches highlight characteristics that deviate from those initially postulated by King and Williams (Geographical Journal, 1949, vol. 113, 70–85) and King (Beaches and Coasts, 1972, Edward Arnold). Disagreements on the morphodynamics of these macrotidal beaches include the position of the ridges relative to the mean neap and spring tide levels, the variation in the height of the ridges across the intertidal profile and, most importantly, whether the ridges are formed by swash or surf zone processes. The morphological characteristics of ridge and runnel beaches from three locations with varying wave, tidal and geomorphic settings were investigated to address these disagreements. Beach profiles from each site were analysed together with water‐level data collected from neighbouring ports. It was found that the ridges occur over the entire intertidal zone. On one site (north Lincolnshire, east England), the ridges are uniformly distributed over the intertidal beach, whereas on the two other sites (Blackpool beach, northwest England, and Leffrinckoucke beach, north France) there is some indication that the ridges appear to occur at preferential locations. Most significantly, the locations of the ridge crests were found to be unrelated to the positions on the intertidal profile where the water level is stationary for the longest time. It was further found that the highest ridges generally occur just above mid‐tide level where tidal non‐stationarity is greatest. These findings argue against the hypothesis that the ridges are formed by swash processes acting at stationary tide levels. It is tentatively suggested that the ridges are the result of a combination of swash and surf zone processes acting across the intertidal zone. Elucidation of the morphodynamic roles of these two types of processes, and other processes such as strong current flows in the runnels, requires further comprehensive field measurements complemented by numerical modelling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A microcontroller‐based data‐logger design for seasonal hydrochemical studies
Authors: Davis Jerry D. , Davis Glenn A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDetailed studies of seasonal patterns of karst processes are rare in remote regions with limited winter access. An important aspect of erosional and environmental processes is how these change over time, and how they relate to annual cycles of temperature, precipitation and runoff. Such measurements have consistently proved difficult in remote alpine areas, resulting in a paucity of continuous data from these environments. An automated data‐logger installation designed to perform under difficult conditions, including limited sunlight for solar recharge, heavy snowfall and disturbance by bears, has provided four years of data at a 2‐hour sampling interval of electrical conductivity (used to predict solute concentration), water level (used to predict discharge) and temperature, at the Marble Mountains karst resurgence, California, USA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced biosensor performance for on‐site field analysis of explosives in water using solid‐phase extraction membranes
Authors: Charles Paul T. , Dingle Bridgette M. , Van Bergen Saskia , Gauger Paul R. , Patterson Charles H. , Kusterbeck Anne W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBiosensors, over the past decade, have demonstrated their utility in a number of environmental applications. One application has been trace‐level detection of energetic materials (i.e., explosives) in the soil, sediment, and waterways as a result of unexploded ordnances from past military exercises. A promising biosensor, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, has been designed to detect the explosives 2,4,6‐trinitrotoulene (TNT) and 1,3,5‐hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitrotriazine (RDX), utilizing a displacement immunoassay format. The fundamental principle of the biosensor relies on the specificity of the recognition element (e.g., antibody) to recognize and bind the explosive molecule, with subsequent release and fluorescence signal response by a cyanine‐5 labeled reporter complex. In recent analytical tests performed on environmental samples, erroneous signal responses and inaccurate quantitative measurements were obtained with the biosensor as a result of interference components in the environmental matrices. In this paper, we investigated the use of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) membranes for their efficiency to extract the explosives TNT and RDX in water samples to improve quantitative measurements conducted with the biosensor. Three SPE membranes were evaluated: (1) styrenedivinylbenzene‐extra clean (SDB‐XC) copolymer, (2) styrenedivinylbenzene‐reverse phase sulfonated (SDB‐RPS) copolymer, and (3) C‐18 octadecyl bonded silica (C18). Each SPE membrane was exposed to media containing the explosives TNT, RDX or both. Initial experiments were conducted to determine which SPE membrane and what elution solvent was most effective in the extraction of both TNT and RDX from water samples. Solvent extracts from the SPE membranes containing the explosive molecules were also analyzed using a reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography method (EPA SW846‐Method 8330). Experimental results using the SDB‐RPS membrane to extract TNT or RDX from groundwater or seawater consistently produced extraction efficiencies between 80 and 100%. Results also confirmed that combining the extraction capabilities of the SPE membrane improved the fluorescence signal response and accuracy of the biosensor twofold in comparison to previous analysis © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 272–280, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10007This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Composition of the essential oil of Salvia aramiensis Rech. fil. growing in Turkey
Authors: Demirci Betül , Can Başer Kemal Hüsnü , Tümen Gülendam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWater‐distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Salvia aramiensis Rech. fil., collected in three different seasons (pre‐flowering, flowering and post‐flowering stages) from Hatay, were analysed by GC–MS. 1,8‐Cineole (43–49%) was identified as the main constituent in all the samples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition of Hypericum perfoliatum L. growing in different locations in Greece
Authors: Couladis M. , Baziou P. , Petrakis P.V. , Harvala C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe essential oils of the aerial parts of Hypericum perfoliatum L., collected in two different locations in Greece, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC– MS. Fifty constituents were identified. The monoterpene hydrocarbons had the highest contribution. The major constituents in sample A were α‐pinene (48.6%) n‐nonane (8.5%) and δ‐cadinene (4.6%), while those of sample B, were α‐pinene (34.2%) β‐pinene (9.2%) and δ‐cadinene (8.1%). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the frequency and severity of extreme exchange rate returns
Authors: Hsieh Ping‐Hung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRisk managers are often concerned about tail probabilities of asset return distributions, in particular the frequency and severity of extreme returns. In this article, we propose a model that integrates extreme value theory and point processes to model the frequency and severity of exchange rate returns. The proposed model is applied to daily spot exchange rate series and the parameters of interest, such as the tail index, the mean size and rate of occurrence of extreme returns, are estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. We study the impact of recent currency crises on the frequency and severity of the series and find that, during 1995–9, the frequency of extreme daily Japanese yen–US dollar spot exchange rate returns increases twofold, and the time duration of high volatility persists longer for the Japanese yen series than for the Swiss franc and Danish krone series. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling seasonality in agricultural commodity futures
Authors: Sørensen Carsten 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe stochastic behavior of agricultural commodity prices is investigated using observations of the term
structures of futures prices over time. The continuous time dynamics of (log‐) commodity prices
are modeled as a sum of a deterministic seasonal component, a non‐stationary state‐variable, and a
stationary state‐variable. Futures prices are established by standard no‐arbitrage arguments and
the Kalman filter methodology is used to estimate the model parameters for corn futures, soybean futures, and
wheat futures based on weekly data from the Chicago Board of Trade for the period 1972–1997. Furthermore,
in a discussion of the estimated seasonal patterns in agricultural commodity prices, the paper provides empirical
evidence on the theory of storage that predicts a negative relationship between stocks of inventory and
convenience yields; in particular, convenience yields used in this analysis are extracted using the Kalman
filter. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:393–426, 2002
Gain of chromosome 7, as detected by in situ hybridization, strongly correlates with shorter survival in astrocytoma grade 2
Authors: Wessels Peter H. , Twijnstra Albert , Kessels Alfons G. H. , Krijne‐Kubat Bela , Theunissen Paul H. , Ummelen Monique I. J. , Ramaekers Frans C. S. , Hopman Anton H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe clinical course of astrocytoma grade 2 (A2) is highly variable and is not reflected by morphological characteristics. Earlier studies using small series of A2 cases suggest that in situ hybridization (ISH) with chromosome‐specific DNA probes allows for frequent detection of aneusomy 1, trisomy 7, and monosomy 10. The role of trisomy 7 in astrocytoma carcinogenesis is disputed, however, because of its presence in non‐neoplastic brain tissue, as detected by karyotyping. Our objective was to investigate whether there was a correlation between chromosomal aberrations and survival in a series of 47 cases of A2. All cases were evaluated for numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 7, and 10 by ISH. Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 68% of cases of A2. Trisomy/polysomy 7 was seen in 31 cases (66%), 22 of which (47%) had a high percentage of this numerical aberration. Only 11 of these 22 cases also showed aneusomy for 1 or 10. No cells or only a few cells with aberrations were detected in non‐neoplastic control samples. Using Kaplan‐Meier analysis, trisomy/polysomy 7 correlated significantly with shorter survival. Hence, as determined by ISH, trisomy/polysomy 7 is absent in non‐neoplastic brain tissue and is frequently detected in A2, correlating with the malignant progression of the disease. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal imbalances in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Specific comparative genomic hybridization–detected abnormalities segregate with junctional adenocarcinomas
Authors: Stocks S. Craig , Pratt Norman , Sales Mark , Johnston David A. , Thompson Alastair M. , Carey Francis A. , Kernohan Neil M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe incidence of adenocarcinoma arising at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is increasing at a rate greater than that for any other form of solid malignancy. Commensurate with this, the incidence of histologically similar tumors arising in the gastric body and antral mucosa is declining. The increased incidence of the proximal group of tumors may reflect, in part, the higher prevalence of Barrett esophagus. These epidemiological features suggest that histologically similar tumors arising at the EGJ and from the distal stomach are different, which may be reflected in the genetic abnormalities that characterize the two groups of tumors. The purpose of this study was to screen genomic DNA from adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach for regions of chromosomal imbalance, using comparative genomic hybridization to determine whether tumors at the EGJ (junctional tumors) have a different profile compared with tumors of the distal stomach. Tumor samples were derived from a series of 48 gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (20 junctional and 28 distal) that were acquired prospectively from patients undergoing esophagogastrectomy. These tumors are characterized by several regions of chromosomal imbalance with no obvious correlation between most regions of abnormal copy number and tumor type. However, our study shows for the first time cytogenetic abnormalities (5p+ and 18q−) that identify statistically significant differences (P < 0.02 and < 0.05, respectively) between junctional and distal gastric tumors. These differences are gain of 5p (55% [11/20] of junctional tumors vs. 21% [6/28] of distal gastric tumors) and loss of 18q (25% [5/20] cases of junctional tumors vs. 4% [1/28] of distal tumors) segregating with tumors of the EGJ. These abnormalities may distinguish distinct tumor subtypes that are recognized in epidemiological and clinical studies but that are otherwise histologically identical. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cre recombinase transgene with mosaic, widespread tamoxifen‐inducible action
Authors: Guo Caiying , Yang Wenyi , Lobe Corrinne G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Cre‐mediated site‐specific recombination allows conditional transgene expression or gene knockouts in mice. Inducible Cre recombination systems have been developed to bypass initial embryonic lethal phenotypes and provide access to later embryonic or adult phenotypes. We have produced Cre transgenic mice in which excision is tamoxifen inducible and occurs in a widespread mosaic pattern. We utilized our Cre excision reporter system combined with an embryonic stem (ES) cell screen to identify ES cell clones with undetectable background Cre activity in the absence of tamoxifen but efficient excision upon addition of tamoxifen. The CreER™ transgenic mouse lines derived from the ES cells were tested using the Z/AP and Z/EG Cre reporter lines. Reporter gene expression indicated Cre excision was maximal in midgestation embryos by 2 days after tamoxifen administration, with an overall efficiency of 5–10% of cells with Cre excision. At 3 days after tamoxifen treatment most reporter gene expression marked groups of cells, suggesting an expansion of cells with Cre excision, and the proportion of cells with Cre excision was maintained. In adults, Cre excision was also observed with varying efficiencies in all tissues after tamoxifen treatment. genesis 32:8–18, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haplotype frequency estimation in patient populations: The effect of departures from Hardy‐Weinberg proportions and collapsing over a locus in the HLA region
Authors: Single Richard M. , Meyer Diogo , Hollenbach Jill A. , Nelson Mark P. , Noble Janelle A. , Erlich Henry A. , Thomson Glenys 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHaplotype analyses are an important area in the study of the genetic components of human disease. Associations between markers and disease loci that are not evident with a single marker locus may be identified in multi‐locus marker analyses using estimated haplotype frequencies (HFs). Procedures that make use of the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate HFs from unphased genotype data are in common use in genetic studies. The EM algorithm uses these unphased genotype frequencies along with the assumption of Hardy‐Weinberg proportions (HWP) to converge on HF estimates. In this paper, we assess the accuracy of EM estimates of HFs in patients with type I diabetes for whom the true haplotypes are known, but the data are analyzed ignoring family information to allow comparison between estimated and true frequencies. The data consist of six HLA loci with high levels of polymorphism and a range of departures from HWP and linkage equilibrium. While the overall accuracy of the EM estimates is good, there can be large over‐ and underestimates of particular HFs, even for common haplotypes, especially when the loci involved deviate significantly from HWP. Estimating HFs for three or more loci and then collapsing over loci so as to generate two locus haplotypes can improve the accuracy of the estimation. The collapsing procedure is most beneficial when one of the loci in the two‐locus haplotype of interest deviates significantly from HWP and the locus collapsed over is in linkage disequilibrium with the other loci. Genet. Epidemiol. 22:186–195, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐Si phengite, mineral chemistry and P–T evolution of ultra‐high‐pressure eclogites and calc‐silicates from the Dabie Shan, eastern China
Authors: Schmid Robert , Franz Leander , Oberhänsli Roland , Dong Shuwen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA suite of coesite–eclogites and associated calc‐silicate rocks from the ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) belt in the Dabie Shan (eastern China) was investigated petrologically. Field relations and the presence of UHP minerals such as coesite, omphacite and high‐Si phengite in the eclogites and the enclosing calc‐silicates testify to a common metamorphic evolution for these two lithologies. Except for one sample, all bear phengite with unusually high silica contents (Si up to 3.7 per formula unit). Phengite occupies various textural positions indicating that different metamorphic stages are reflected by these white micas, which correlate with distinct mineral zonation patterns. Using the latest thermobarometric calibrations for eclogite‐facies rocks, maximum pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of 40–48 kbar at < 750°C were estimated for the peak‐metamorphic mineral assemblages. These P–T conditions were calculated for both eclogitic garnet porphyroblasts with diffusion‐controlled zoning as well as garnet porphyroblasts with prograde growth zonation patterns. Most samples were affected by a strong retrograde overprint mainly under eclogite‐ and amphibolite‐facies conditions. Thermobarometry using mineral sets from different textural positions reveals cooling and decompression of the UHP rocks down to < 20 kbar at < 600°C for the bulk of the samples. Decompression and heating indicated by a few samples is interpreted to result from mineral chemical disequilibrium or late thermal influence. These new data show that subduction of continental crust in the Dabie Shan was deeper than previously thought, and also that some cooling and decompression took place at upper‐mantle depths. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium dependence of rapid astrocyte death induced by transient hypoxia, acidosis, and extracellular ion shifts
Authors: Bondarenko Alexander , Chesler Mitchell 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExposure to hypoxic, acidic, ion‐shifted Ringer (HAIR) for 15–40 min has been shown to cause rapid astrocyte death upon reperfusion with normal media. The ion shifts of the HAIR solution included a rise in extracellular K+ (e.g., [K+]o) and a fall in [Na+]o, [Cl−]o, and [Ca2+]o, characteristic of ischemic‐traumatic brain insults. We investigated the ionic basis of the HAIR‐induced injury. After HAIR exposure, reperfusion in 0 Ca2+/EGTA media completely protected astrocytes. Preincubation of cells in BAPTA‐AM ester was also protective, indicating that the injury was triggered by Ca2+ influx during reperfusion. Neither nimodipine, CNQX, APV, nor TTX reduced injury. Astrocyte death could be blocked by 100 μM Ni2+ or 100 μM benzamil, suggesting involvement of Na+–Ca2+ exchange. KB‐R7943, which preferentially inhibits reverse Na+–Ca2+ exchange, also protected astrocytes. Elevation of [K+]o was not necessary for astrocyte death. However, when [Na+]o was maintained at 151 mM throughout the HAIR protocol, cell death was markedly reduced. We postulate that [Na+]o shifts aid reversal of Na+–Ca2+ exchange by favoring cytosolic Na+ loading. Possible means of astrocytic Na+ accumulation are discussed. GLIA 34:143–149, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychosis, depression and behavioural disturbances in Sydney nursing home residents: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Brodaty Henry , Draper Brian , Saab Dania , Low Lee‐Fay , Richards Vicki , Paton Helen , Lie David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThere is wide variation in the rates of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) reported in nursing homes.AimsThis study aimed to investigate: (1) the prevalence of BPSD in nursing home residents using the BEHAVE‐AD; (2) the relationships of BPSD with (a) demographic, (b) dementia, (c) diurnal and (d) nursing home variables; and (3) the inter‐relationships between different types of BPSD, as measured by subscales of the BEHAVE‐AD.ResultsOver 90% of residents exhibited at least one behavioural disturbance. Specifically, there was evidence of psychosis in 60%, depressed mood in 42% and activity disturbances or aggression in 82% of residents. Younger, more functionally impaired residents with a chart diagnosis of psychosis had higher BPSD rates, as did those residing in larger nursing homes. Individual BPSD were significantly intercorrelated.ConclusionsBPSD are ubiquitous in nursing home residents. Behavioural disturbances are frequently associated with psychosis and/or depression. The findings suggest the need for psychogeriatric services to nursing homes and smaller facilities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Diagnosis of dementia from the history and aetiology schedule
Authors: Dewey Michael E. , Copeland John R. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a computerised method of diagnosing organic brain syndrome from history data without the use of mental state data.MethodsInterview dataset from participants in a community study of the incidence of dementia was used to form a training sample and validation sample. The algorithm was developed on the training sample and tested on the validation sample.ResultsPerformance in the training and validation samples was very similar. The algorithm shows monotonically increasing probability of being diagnosed with dementia as a function of the proposed level of diagnostic confidence. At the proposed cut point it has sensitivity 94% and specificity 84% for detecting concurrent psychiatrist's diagnosis of dementia.ConclusionsThe method provides a good agreement with psychiatrist's diagnosis, and the results in the validation sample show little shrinkage. The method will prove useful in studies where it has proved impossible to collect mental state information on all the study particpants. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.