bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Straw return-enhanced soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and nitrogen use efficiency in a maize–rice rotation system
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Qin Mingguang , Zhan Ming , Liu Tianqi , Yuan Jinzhan 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Considering straw resource utilization and air pollution prevention, straw return has been commonly practiced in China. However, the practicability of plenty straw return in an emerging maize–rice rotation and their effects on soil C and N pools have not been extensively investigated. This study has been conducted to examine the effects of straw return on soil nutrients, soil functional C and N fractions, and then to figure out their relationships with yield and N use efficiency. Two treatments of straw return (S2Nck) and without straw return (S0Nck) were compared in 3-year field experiment, and subplots without N application were added in their respective plots in the third year. The results showed that, relative to the control (S0Nck), straw return significantly increased soil mineralized nitrogen (Nmin), available P, and exchange K content by 11.7%, 41.1%, and 17.4% averaged across 3-year experiments, respectively. Straw return substantially increased soil dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass N content by 73.0%, 25.2%, and 36.8%, respectively. Furthermore, straw return markedly increased C and N retention in particulate organic matter in microaggregates (iPOM) and mineral associated organic matter within microaggregates (intra-SC), but significantly reduced in free mineral associated organic matter (free-SC) fraction. The structural equation modeling analysis showed that yield and the partial factor productivity of N were positively correlated with labile and slow soil C and N fractions. Consequently, straw incorporation significantly increased grain yields of maize by 14.7% and rice by 15.1%. The annual potential reduction proportion in fertilizer-N induced by straw return was estimated to be 25.7% in the third year. This study suggests that the incorporation of straws is an effective way to enhance soil nutrients and regulate soil C and N pools to improve crop production and has the potential to reduce N fertilizer application under maize–rice rotation in subtropical regions.
Revisiting the Right in Zimbabwe of a Subrogated Insurer to Proceed against a Third Party in the Name of the Insured: Lessons from South Africa
Authors: Maringe Noah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe doctrine of subrogation, like many other legal principles in Zimbabwean insurance law, has evolved with changing times. The position in Zimbabwe (which was adopted from English law) is that a subrogated insurer who intends to enforce the insured's right to recover compensation for the insured loss from a third party can only do so in the name of the insured. The reason is that the insured is the custodian of legal rights against the third party; the insurer's rights only relate to the insured and not the third party. This research discusses legal developments in South African law and how they may be adopted in Zimbabwe in order to advance the rights of the parties in subrogation proceedings.
Learning a specialized register: An English for Specific Purposes research agenda
Authors: Basturkmen Helen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Increased work connectivity and study mobility over national boundaries in recent decades has led to a shift in the kind of English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction implemented in many educational institutions. Instruction to develop learners’ general English language proficiency may appear as a time-consuming and abstract endeavour. Instead, many institutions implement English for Specific Purposes (ESP), including English for Academic Purposes (EAP) type instruction. In ESP, the aim is to help students develop the specialized academic and work-related linguistic registers they need to function in target settings where English is used as a medium of instruction or in businesses and workplace communication. A great deal of ESP research has now been conducted to build linguistic descriptions of specialized registers. Rather less research has focused on the learning of such specialized registers. This article identifies areas for a research agenda to develop an understanding of learning a specialized register. It sets out two sites for enquiry, namely, learning in a target workplace or disciplinary study setting and learning in instructed ESP, and four topics for enquiry, namely, processes of learning, conditions for learning, learning trajectories, and transfer of learning. Example tasks are suggested for research into learning in target settings.
Environmental effects on reproduction in a managed population of the harvested and Endangered Saker Falcon Falco cherrug
Authors: Zhang Yuke , Gu Zhongru , Bold Batbayar , Davaasuren Batmunkh , Galtbalt Batbayar , Gungaa Amarkhuu , Purev-Ochir Gankhuyag , Batbayar Nyambayar , Rahman Lutfor , Li Xinhai , Dai Qiang , Zhan Xiangjiang , Dixon Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Summary
We report how artificial nests can be utilised at scale in nest site-limited areas of Mongolia to create a managed population of Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug), an “Endangered” species that is harvested for international trade. The provision of 5,000 artificial nests created an average annual saker population of 602 (SE ± 59) breeding pairs, producing an estimated 1,735 (SE ± 272) fledglings per annum over the period 2013–2015. Our regular monitoring enabled us to identify the effects of climate and vegetation on breeding performance. A warm and dry climate prior to breeding was associated with earlier egg-laying dates, while warmer conditions during the breeding season increased fledging success. Greater vegetation biomass in the previous growth season was positively related to breeding density and earlier clutch initiation, which was associated with larger clutch size and larger fledged brood size. Furthermore, using small mammal remains from saker pellets collected at artificial nest sites, we found that higher breeding density, earlier egg laying, larger clutch size, and increased nest survival were associated with areas with a higher proportion of small mammal prey in the diet. Our results provided evidence of the role of temporal and spatial variation in climate and prey availability on breeding performance, demonstrating the requirement for dynamic modelling of variable demographic parameters to be incorporated within an adaptive management framework for the sustainable management of the Saker Falcon.
Multivariate analysis from maturase K (matK) gene-based markers and morphological indices in Indian cashew
Authors: Das Suparna , Ali Md. Nasim , Bandyopadhyay Sayani , Poduval Mini 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe patterns and extent of genetic variation among 56 cashew germplasm with respect to 32 qualitative and 33 quantitative traits were evaluated for two successive years in the present study. Additionally, maturase K gene-based genetic diversity among those breeding materials was also assessed. The cashew hybrids were developed from five crosses (local parent × 2/9 Dicherla; H-2/15 × red hazari; WBDC-V × JGM-1; BLA-39-4 × H-2/15 and H-2/15 × yellow hazari) involving eight parents of Indian cashew. Different genotype groups (parents and their hybrids) showed significant variation in both the years of assessment based on quantitative characters. The highest Shannon–Weaver diversity (H′) was obtained for the colour of the young leaf (0.96), possibly indicating differential exposure to sunlight, mixing of various pigments and another set of chemicals such as phenolics, carotenoids, etc. in trees. From correlation studies, canopy spread, tree spread, nuts/m2 and nuts/panicle were found to be significantly and positively correlated with nut yield. In the year 2021, nuts/m2, area and tree height were the significant explanatory variables that explained 80% of the variation in the yield, whereas in 2022, nuts/m2, tree area, nuts/panicle, kernel weight, shell thickness, inflorescence breadth and sex ratio explained 86% of the variation. Principal component analysis indicated that the genotypes under study are diverse enough to be exploited for the future cashew improvement programmes.
Mitigating Unemployment Stigma
Authors: Heffner Allen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe stigma faced by unemployed Americans places a toll on their wellbeing and decreases their life chances. While all unemployed Americans are subject to stigmatization, the stigma levied on Black Americans may be particularly potent due to racializing stereotypes that associate Blackness with the undeserving poor, including the inability to obtain employment. Given the social and economic challenges Black people face, research elucidating the racial complexities of unemployment stigma is needed. Through in-depth open format face-to-face interviews of unemployed individuals residing in urban and suburban areas, this study produces an alternative perspective on how impression management techniques are connected to both internalization and mitigation of unemployment stigma. This study contributes to employment, race, and stigma literature by providing a theoretical frame that synthesizes Du Boisian and dramaturgical concepts to conceptualize an “unemployed worker-self.” Through this framing, I find variations across race and community type in impression management techniques executed by unemployed people. I conclude with suggestions for future research and potential applications for the theoretical frame developed in this study.
DNA Methylation Mediated the Association of Body Mass Index With Blood Pressure in Chinese Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Yao Jie , Ning Feng , Wang Weijing , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObesity is an established risk factor for hypertension, but the mechanisms are only partially understood. We examined whether body mass index (BMI)-related DNA methylation (DNAm) variation would mediate the association of BMI with blood pressure (BP). We first conducted a genomewide DNA methylation analysis in monozygotic twin pairs to detect BMI-related DNAm variation and then evaluated the mediating effect of DNAm on the relationship between BMI and BP levels using the causal inference test (CIT) method and mediation analysis. Ontology enrichment analysis was performed for CpGs using the GREAT tool. A total of 60 twin pairs for BMI and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 58 twin pairs for BMI and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were included. BMI was positively associated with SBP (β = 1.86,p= .0004). The association between BMI and DNAm of 85 CpGs reachedp< 1×10–4level. Eleven BMI-related differentially methylated regions (DMRs) withinLNCPRESS1,OGDHL,RNU1-44P,NPHS1,ECEL1P2,LLGL2,RNY4P15,MOGAT3,PHACTR3, andBAI2were found. Of the 85 CpGs, 9 mapped toC10orf71-AS1,NDUFB5P1,KRT80,BAI2,ABCA2,PEX11GandFGF4were significantly associated with SBP levels. Of the 9 CpGs, 2 withinABCA2negatively mediated the association between BMI and SBP, with a mediating effect of −0.24 (95% CI [−0.65, −0.01]). BMI was also positively associated with DBP (β = 0.60,p= .0495). The association between BMI and DNAm of 193 CpGs reachedp< 1×10−4level. Twenty-five BMI-related DMRs withinOGDHL,POU4F2,ECEL1P2,TTC6,SMPD4,EP400,TUBA1CandAGAP2were found. Of the 193 CpGs, 33 mapped toABCA2,ADORA2B,CTNNBIP1,KDM4B,NAA60,RSPH6A,SLC25A19andSTILwere significantly associated with DBP levels. Of the 33 CpGs, 12 withinABCA2,SLC25A19,KDM4B,PTPRN2,DNASE1,TFCP2L1,LMNB2andC10orf71-AS1negatively mediated the association between BMI and DBP, with a total mediation effect of −0.66 (95% CI [−1.07, −0.30]). Interestingly, BMI might also negatively mediate the association between the DNAm of most CpG mediators mentioned above and BP. The mediating effect of DNAm was also found when stratified by sex. In conclusion, DNAm variation may partially negatively mediate the association of BMI with BP. Our findings may provide new clues to further elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity to hypertension and identify new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hypertension.
Resolving Multi‐Stage Rupture Process of the 2021 Mw 4.9 Offshore Jeju Island Earthquake From Relative Source Time Functions
Authors: Han Sangwoo , Kim Won‐Young , Lim Hobin , Son Young Oh , Seo Min‐Seong , Park Jun Yong , Kim YoungHee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe used local P and S waves, and regional Lg waves to investigate the Mw 4.9 Offshore Jeju Island earthquake, whose records show evidence of a complex rupture. This earthquake provides a rare window to understand the seismogenesis of moderate‐sized earthquakes on the southern Korea–East China Sea continental shelf. We computed the relative source time functions (RSTFs) by aligning the signals on the origin time of the main and its empirical Green's function (EGF) events, allowing us to use them as differential times of the EGF pair. We determined subevent locations using direct‐wave RSTFs, and captured the rupture variability of the two large subevents using waveform inversion of stacked Lg‐wave RSTFs. The first subevent rupture started by two weak nucleation phases and propagated slowly and bilaterally. Then the second subevent ruptured westward. Our analysis demonstrates that the Lg‐wave train observed at regional distances is useful in investigating detailed slip history.
Machine Learning for Online Sea Ice Bias Correction Within Global Ice‐Ocean Simulations
Authors: Gregory William , Bushuk Mitchell , Zhang Yongfei , Adcroft Alistair , Zanna Laure 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we perform online sea ice bias correction within a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global ice‐ocean model. For this, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) which was developed in a previous study (Gregory et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ms003757) for the purpose of predicting sea ice concentration (SIC) data assimilation (DA) increments. An initial implementation of the CNN shows systematic improvements in SIC biases relative to the free‐running model, however large summertime errors remain. We show that these residual errors can be significantly improved with a novel sea ice data augmentation approach. This approach applies sequential CNN and DA corrections to a new simulation over the training period, which then provides a new training data set to refine the weights of the initial network. We propose that this machine‐learned correction scheme could be utilized for generating improved initial conditions, and also for real‐time sea ice bias correction within seasonal‐to‐subseasonal sea ice forecasts.
The effect of bariatric surgery type on cardiac reverse remodelling
Authors: Henry J. A. , Abdesselam I. , Deal O. , Lewis A. J. , Rayner J. , Bernard M. , Dutour A. , Gaborit B. , Kober F. , Soghomonian A. , Sgromo B. , Byrne J. , Bege T. , Borlaug B. A. , Neubauer S. , Rider O. J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Bariatric surgery is effective in reversing adverse cardiac remodelling in obesity. However, it is unclear whether the three commonly performed operations; Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band (LAGB) are equal in their ability to reverse remodelling.

Methods
Fifty-eight patients underwent CMR to assess left ventricular mass (LVM), LV mass:volume ratio (LVMVR) and LV eccentricity index (LVei) before and after bariatric surgery (26 RYGB, 22 LSG and 10 LAGB), including 46 with short-term (median 251–273 days) and 43 with longer-term (median 983–1027 days) follow-up. Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were also assessed.

Results
All three procedures resulted in significant decreases in excess body weight (48–70%). Percentage change in VAT and EAT was significantly greater following RYGB and LSG compared to LAGB at both timepoints (VAT:RYGB −47% and −57%, LSG −47% and −54%, LAGB −31% and −25%; EAT:RYGB −13% and −14%, LSG –16% and −19%, LAGB −5% and −5%). Patients undergoing LAGB, whilst having reduced LVM (−1% and −4%), had a smaller decrease at both short (RYGB: −8%, p < 0.005; LSG: −11%, p < 0.0001) and long (RYGB: −12%, p = 0.009; LSG: −13%, p < 0.0001) term timepoints. There was a significant decrease in LVMVR at the long-term timepoint following both RYGB (−7%, p = 0.006) and LSG (−7%, p = 0.021), but not LAGB (−2%, p = 0.912). LVei appeared to decrease at the long-term timepoint in those undergoing RYGB (−3%, p = 0.063) and LSG (−4%, p = 0.015), but not in those undergoing LAGB (1%, p = 0.857). In all patients, the change in LVM correlated with change in VAT (r = 0.338, p = 0.0134), while the change in LVei correlated with change in EAT (r = 0.437, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
RYGB and LSG appear to result in greater decreases in visceral adiposity, and greater reverse LV remodelling with larger reductions in LVM, concentric remodelling and pericardial restraint than LAGB.
Allometric versus traditional body-shape indices and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Rontogianni Marina O. , Bouras Emmanouil , Aglago Elom Kouassivi , Freisling Heinz , Murphy Neil , Cotterchio Michelle , Hampe Jochen , Lindblom Annika , Pai Rish K. , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Phipps Amanda I. , van Duijnhoven Franzel J. B. , Visvanathan Kala , van Guelpen Bethany , Li Christopher I. , Brenner Hermann , Pellatt Andrew J. , Ogino Shuji , Gunter Marc J. , Peters Ulrike , Christakoudi Sofia , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Traditional body-shape indices such as Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but are correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), and adjustment for BMI introduces a strong correlation with height. Thus, new allometric indices have been developed, namely A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Hip Index (HI), and Waist-to-Hip Index (WHI), which are uncorrelated with weight and height; these have also been associated with CRC risk in observational studies, but information from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies is missing.

Methods
We used two-sample MR to examine potential causal cancer site- and sex-specific associations of the genetically-predicted allometric body-shape indices with CRC risk, and compared them with BMI-adjusted traditional body-shape indices, and BMI. Data were obtained from UK Biobank and the GIANT consortium, and from GECCO, CORECT and CCFR consortia.

Results
WHI was positively associated with CRC in men (OR per SD: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.39) and in women (1.15, 1.06–1.24), and similarly for colon and rectal cancer. ABSI was positively associated with colon and rectal cancer in men (1.27, 1.03–1.57; and 1.40, 1.10–1.77, respectively), and with colon cancer in women (1.20, 1.07–1.35). There was little evidence for association between HI and colon or rectal cancer. The BMI-adjusted WHR and HC showed similar associations to WHI and HI, whereas WC showed similar associations to ABSI only in women.

Conclusions
This large MR study provides strong evidence for a potential causal positive association of the allometric indices ABSI and WHI with CRC in both sexes, thus establishing the association between abdominal fat and CRC without the limitations of the traditional waist size indices and independently of BMI. Among the BMI-adjusted traditional indices, WHR and HC provided equivalent associations with WHI and HI, while differences were observed between WC and ABSI.
Prescribing practices of inhaled corticosteroids for premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Tang Monica , Ibrahim Anna , Laughon Christopher , Moore Kaila , Tejada Angibel , Tran Dean , Kilpatrick Ryan , Greenberg Rachel G. , Hornik Christoph P. , Zimmerman Kanecia , Laughon Matthew M. , Clark Reese H. , Lang Jason E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
Despite limited safety and efficacy data, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are prescribed to premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We examined contemporary use and risk factors for ICS use in the NICU.

Study design
Infants <33 weeks gestational age and <1500 gm birth weight discharged from Pediatrix Medical Group NICUs between 2010 and 2020 were included. We evaluated the association between ICS prescription and clinical characteristics using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of 74,123 infants from 308 NICUs, 9253 (12.5%) were prescribed ICS: budesonide, fluticasone, or beclomethasone. Diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), earlier gestational age, male sex, longer mechanical ventilation, oxygen support, and systemic steroids were independent risk factors for ICS prescription.

Conclusions
Use of ICS is common in many NICUs and is associated with a diagnosis of BPD and healthcare utilization. Prospective trials are needed to establish the safety, efficacy, and optimal indication in this vulnerable population.
A new route towards polarized luminescence: 0D/2D nanocomposites
Authors: Meijerink Andries 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombining wide bandgap 2D inorganic materials and blue-light-emitting 0D carbon dots in 0D/2D heterojunction nanocomposites was shown to give rise to unique optical properties and a multifunctional prototype device was developed, capable of polarized light luminescence, modulation and detection.
Correlated optical convolutional neural network with “quantum speedup”
Authors: Sun Yifan , Li Qian , Kong Ling-Jun , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCompared with electrical neural networks, optical neural networks (ONNs) have the potentials to break the limit of the bandwidth and reduce the consumption of energy, and therefore draw much attention in recent years. By far, several types of ONNs have been implemented. However, the current ONNs cannot realize the acceleration as powerful as that indicated by the models like quantum neural networks. How to construct and realize an ONN with the quantum speedup is a huge challenge. Here, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a new type of optical convolutional neural network by introducing the optical correlation. It is called the correlated optical convolutional neural network (COCNN). We show that the COCNN can exhibit “quantum speedup” in the training process. The character is verified from the two aspects. One is the direct illustration of the faster convergence by comparing the loss function curves of the COCNN with that of the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN). Such a result is compatible with the training performance of the recently proposed quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN). The other is the demonstration of the COCNN’s capability to perform the QCNN phase recognition circuit, validating the connection between the COCNN and the QCNN. Furthermore, we take the COCNN analog to the 3-qubit QCNN phase recognition circuit as an example and perform an experiment to show the soundness and the feasibility of it. The results perfectly match the theoretical calculations. Our proposal opens up a new avenue for realizing the ONNs with the quantum speedup, which will benefit the information processing in the era of big data.