bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replace Platinum for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in the Cathode of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Arshad Ushtar , Tang Jiayi , Shao Zongping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe growing global energy demand and environmental concerns like greenhouse gas emissions call for clean energy solutions. Hydrogen energy, with high caloric value and low environmental impact, is a promising alternative, especially when produced via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). This process relies on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), both requiring efficient electrocatalysts. Platinum (Pt), the most effective HER catalyst, is limited by high cost and scarcity, prompting research into Pt alternatives like ruthenium‐based, transition metal derivatives, and metal‐free catalysts that balance cost, efficiency, and stability. This review explores HER mechanisms, Pt‐free catalyst innovations, and the impact of structural and interfacial electrode optimization on performance of HER in acidic media. It also examines electrochemical evaluation techniques, material characterization, and the role of machine learning in catalyst design. By providing a framework for Pt‐free HER catalyst development, this review supports advancements in efficient and sustainable hydrogen energy technologies.
Repositioning English Language Teacher Education for Global Competence and Local Realities: Adopting the Cline of Glocality
Authors: Low Ee‐Ling 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSingapore is an ethnically, linguistically, and culturally diverse nation‐state that has always practiced deliberate language policy and planning. The bilingual education policy, introduced shortly after the young nation's independence has led to the emergence of English‐knowing bilinguals who are proficient in both English and their ethnically ascribed mother tongues, namely, Mandarin for the Chinese, Malay for the Malays, and Tamil for the Indians. The linguistic landscape of Singapore, documented in the most recent population census of 2020, shows the rise in the use of English as the home language across all three major ethnic groups, leading scholars to adopt the term “English‐dominant bilinguals.” It is of prime importance to document the English used by these English‐dominant bilinguals who have to balance between being globally competent but also having to be accommodating to the local realities of English use in Singapore. This paper extends the findings in Low's presentation of an empirical study of 31 expert users of English who hold Director‐level positions in the Singapore civil service and 6 literary writers to examine the linguistic spaces where Standard Singapore English and Colloquial Singapore English (also known as Singlish) function and the choices and factors influencing the choices are made. Through an online qualitative survey, a new model for looking at variations in the use of English in Singapore is introduced. This three‐dimensional model proposes the cline of glocality which adds to Pakir's original 1991 two‐dimensional model of the expanding triangles of English expression in Singapore which only has the clines of proficiency and formality explaining the variety of English used at the time. Proposing the cline of glocality more accurately reflects the current situation of English in Singapore where users need to balance between achieving global competence while yet adapting to the local realities of its use. Adopting the cline of glocality also necessitates rethinking how language teacher education needs to be repositioned to help young Singaporeans navigate between the global and local uses of English. This paper articulates the key concepts surrounding the theory of change proposed and practical implications for language teacher education policy and practice to effect this change.
Rehumanizing Pedagogy: Is Slowing Down the Answer?
Authors: Blumenfield Tami 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMany universities began prioritizing efficiency over efficacy in the 1990s, contributing to educator and student exhaustion. Meanwhile, vocational awe paradigms have led faculty to sacrifice personal time and health to satisfy students. The Slow Academia movement offers a different approach. Bypassing quantifiable outcomes and metrics, it advocates slowing down teaching and learning activities to sustainable paces. Contemplative practices, self‐care, and trauma‐informed pedagogies are crucial components. This chapter imagines opportunities for a slowed‐down, rehumanized version of learning, teaching and sharing and provides recommendations for experimenting with format and content.
Ultrasound diagnosis and surgical treatment of rare lumbar renal hernia in a domestic cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Konrad Nava Calva Catherine , Salini Butelli Victor Luiz , Hörbe Anna Vitória , Reinstein Rainer da Silva , de Mendonça Müller Daniel Curvello 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLumbar hernias are infrequent occurrences in human surgical practices, with sparse reports in veterinary literature. This paper presents a rare case of lumbar renal hernia. A 4‐month‐old mixed‐breed domestic cat was evaluated, showing increased volume just behind the 13th rib, which was reducible, rounded and painless. A targeted ultrasound examination revealed the protrusion of the left kidney into the subcutaneous tissue and an abdominal wall defect measuring approximately 2.7 cm. The patient underwent surgical intervention to correct the abdominal musculature defect by suturing the defect's edges. After 130 days of operation, the patient was discharged with no signs of recurrence. This report contributes to the limited number of cases of lumbar renal hernia described in the literature and seeks to assist the scientific community in managing similar cases of lumbar renal hernias.
Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron–lanthanum‐doped foam glass adsorbent
Authors: Katsuura Yuzu , Asaoka Satoshi , Takeda Kazuhiko , Nakashita Shinya , Hayashi Kodai , Tanaka Kazuya , Inada Yasuhiro , Okuda Tetsuji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an adsorbent for phosphate using iron–lanthanum‐loaded foamed glass recycled from colored glass bottles. The optimal preparation conditions for the adsorbent were 0.1% iron and 1% lanthanum loaded onto the foam glass and calcined at 350°C for 2 h. Adsorption kinetics for phosphate onto the adsorbent were fitted to pseudo‐second‐order model. The phosphate adsorption was identified as chemisorption, which occurred due to ligand exchange. The adsorption isotherm for phosphate on the adsorbent was expressed as a Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 1.3 mg‐P g−1. The equilibrium constant (3.1 L mg−1) of the adsorbent was significantly higher than that of previous studies. Hence, the adsorbent developed in this study demonstrated favorable adsorption at low phosphate concentrations, indicating that it can remove phosphate from domestic wastewater and natural water. The adsorbent is a promising and cost‐effective phosphate adsorbent that promotes waste glass recycling.Practitioner Points
Adsorbent for phosphate using iron–lanthanum‐loaded foamed glass recycled from colored glass bottles was developed.
The adsorbent demonstrated favorable adsorption at low concentrations of phosphate.
The adsorbent is effective in removing phosphate from domestic and natural waters.
The Mollified (Discrete) Uniform Distribution and Its Applications
Authors: Weiß Christian H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe mollified uniform distribution is rediscovered, which constitutes a “soft” version of the continuous uniform distribution. Important stochastic properties are presented and used to demonstrate potential fields of applications. For example, it constitutes a model covering platykurtic, mesokurtic, and leptokurtic shapes. Its cumulative distribution function may also serve as the soft‐clipping response function for defining generalized linear models with approximately linear dependence. Furthermore, it might be considered for teaching, as an appealing example for the convolution of random variables. Finally, a discrete type of mollified uniform distribution is briefly discussed as well.
Evaluation of Outcomes for Karydakis Operation for Pilonidal Sinus Disease—Comparison of Original Reports With Later Results
Authors: Doll Dietrich , Hackmann Theo , Haas Susanne , Laurberg Søren ,   the Pilonidal Network for Expertise, Research and Development (PiloNERDs International)
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundKarydakis published his advancement flap technique to treat pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) in 1973 (GEK73) and reported a very low recurrence rate in 1992 (GEK92) in a large series of cases. Since then, the procedure has been widely adapted without replicating his results.AimTo compare the outcomes of the Karydakis 1992 report to the global literature and evaluate reasons for the major discrepancy in recurrence rates.MethodsFrom an international database including all PSD studies, we identified 113 other studies encompassing 9878 patients undergoing the Karydakis advancement flap surgery. Recurrence rates at 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐ups were compared to the data presented in the Karydakis 1992 paper.ResultsThe Karydakis 1992 study reports a recurrence rate < 1% with a follow‐up ranging between 2 and 20 years. In the global literature, the 10‐year recurrence rate is 8.8% in RCTs and 14.6% in nonRCTs which is 11.6‐ and 19.2‐fold higher.ConclusionThe standard for recurrence rates after the Karydakis advancement flap set by Karydakis has not since been replicated in the global literature. For surgeons and patients alike it is important to have realistic expectations of short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Legendre wavelet collocation method for singularly‐perturbed problems using operational matrix and Laplace transformation
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Kumar Vivek , Mehra Mani 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, a collocation method based on the Legendre wavelets has been developed for the numerical solution of singularly perturbed problems (SPPs). The integral operators of Legendre scaling functions have been derived using two methods: the operational matrix method and the Laplace transformation method. The operational matrix method gives the approximated value of the integral operator of the Legendre scaling functions, whereas the Laplace transformation gives the exact solution for the integral operators. The Legendre wavelet collocation method together with its properties has been utilized to convert the SPP into the system of algebraic equations with the unknown coefficients. Moreover, the ‐error estimate in the function approximation with Legendre scaling functions has been derived, and it has been verified by taking a test function. The stability analysis of the proposed method has been discussed in detail. In the last, illustrative linear and non‐linear examples have been considered to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and the results have been compared with the other existing numerical methods in the recent literature.
Introduction
Authors: Albrecht-Birkner Veronika , Siedek-Strunk Stefanie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nineteenth-century differentiation and pluralisation of Protestantism in response to the Enlightenment, rationalism and religious criticism, which in church historiography goes under the label ‘revival movements’, continues to pose a considerable historiographical challenge. This volume suggests understanding the revival movements as part of the transformations of the popular since around 1800 in a global perspective. Specifically, this volume deals with discursive negotiation processes for interpretative sovereignty between experts and laypeople and the resultant practices since the nineteenth century. This ties in with an interest in ‘lay theology’ (theologia popularis), which on the Protestant side has its classical place in the church and cultural history of the Reformation as an impulse for an ecclesiastical and theological empowerment of ‘laypeople’.
Artificial light at night reduces emergence and attracts flying adults of aquatic Diptera
Authors: Manfrin A. , Hölker F. , Teurlincx S. , Baranov V. , van Grunsven R. H. A. , Bundschuh M. , Monaghan M. T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a widespread, human-induced alteration of the landscape that affects insect dispersal and potentially contributes to insect decline. We used an experimental area with streetlights installed adjacent to an agricultural drainage ditch to experimentally assess the abundance and diversity of emerging and flying aquatic Diptera over a period of six months in summer and autumn. Emergence was two-fold lower in the lit site, while flying adults were eight-fold more abundant at traps under lights. Results were taxon- and sex-specific. Males of nine taxa were less abundant in lit emergence traps, and females of most taxa were more abundant in lit air-eclector traps than in controls. We developed an empirical model based on emergence and capture rates and used this model to estimate that the majority of the 54 flying Diptera taxa we identified were attracted to light from the adjacent water body, and that a few taxa were attracted from a distance of up to 1800 m. This work provides evidence that artificial light in riparian areas can reduce emergence in aquatic Diptera and hinder dispersal, with effects that vary depending on the taxon. Because many riparian predators rely on adult aquatic insects as prey, these changes can cascade across aquatic-terrestrial ecosystem boundaries. Given the large number of streetlights that are installed along freshwater shorelines, the observed effects are likely to be of relevance to freshwater bodies around the globe.
Majoramputationen der unteren Extremität
Authors: Schröter Patrick , Hückstädt Marc , Langwald Steffen , Schröter Bianca , Kobbe Philipp 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland gibt es jährlich etwa 18.500 Majoramputationen an der unteren Extremität, meist transtibial oder transfemoral. Für eine erfolgreiche Rehabilitation sind Kenntnisse über die angestrebte optimale Stumpfbeschaffenheit und spezielle Amputationstechniken wichtig. Biomechanische Überlegungen bezüglich des Amputationsstumpfes spielen bei der auszuwählenden Operationstechnik ebenso eine entscheidende Rolle wie die Amputationsursache. Techniken wie die Myodese, Myoplastie oder die Gottschalk-Plastik helfen dabei, die Muskelspannung zu erhalten und die Prothesenkontrolle zu optimieren.
Social capital and regional innovation in the aftermath of crisis: evidence from Italian provinces
Authors: Marino Marianna , Montresor Sandro , Faggian Alessandra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates how regions’ innovation responses to economic crises vary with their level of social capital. Combining the literature on innovation along the business cycle with that about the role of social capital in spurring regional innovation, we argue that higher social capital levels should enhance the regions’ innovative resilience to crises, particularly for their bridging social capital. Using a diff-in-diff approach on Italian provinces (NUTS3) with respect to the 2007 recession, we find that provinces with higher bridging social capital exhibit lesser drops in innovation post-crisis, confirming expectations. However, bonding social capital does not show a similar effect.
Nonlinear Monte Carlo Methods with Polynomial Runtime for Bellman Equations of Discrete Time High-Dimensional Stochastic Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Beck Christian , Jentzen Arnulf , Kleinberg Konrad , Kruse Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Discrete time stochastic optimal control problems and Markov decision processes (MDPs), respectively, serve as fundamental models for problems that involve sequential decision making under uncertainty and as such constitute the theoretical foundation of reinforcement learning. In this article we study the numerical approximation of MDPs with infinite time horizon, finite control set, and general state spaces. Our set-up in particular covers infinite-horizon optimal stopping problems of discrete time Markov processes. A key tool to solve MDPs are Bellman equations which characterize the value functions of the MDPs and determine the optimal control strategies. By combining ideas from the full-history recursive multilevel Picard approximation method, which was recently introduced to solve certain nonlinear partial differential equations, and ideas from Q
-learning we introduce a class of suitable nonlinear Monte Carlo methods and prove that the proposed methods do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of the solutions of Bellman equations and the associated discrete time stochastic optimal control problems.
Harnessing polysaccharides for sustainable food packaging
Authors: Tukenmez Emre Ummugulsum , Sirin Seda , Nigdelioglu Dolanbay Serap , Aslim Belma 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of food packaging techniques, focusing on the limitations of conventional methods and the promising potential of polysaccharide-based materials as sustainable alternatives. Traditional packaging materials, such as plastics, glass, metal, and paper, pose significant environmental risks due to their non-biodegradable nature. In contrast, polysaccharide-based materials, derived from renewable sources, are biodegradable and offer enhanced food preservation properties. These materials boast several advantages, including biodegradability, renewability, and superior physical attributes such as excellent barrier properties and mechanical strength. The review also delves into transformation techniques aimed at improving the effectiveness of polysaccharide-based materials. These include physical and chemical modifications to optimize their performance. Furthermore, a detailed categorization of polysaccharides is provided based on their origin, encompassing animal-derived polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan), plant-derived polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum arabic, guar gum, tragacanth gum, locust bean gum), marine-derived polysaccharides (alginate, agar, carrageenan), and microbial-derived polysaccharides (pullulan, xanthan gum, dextran, bacterial cellulose). Additionally, we explore case studies highlighting the practical applications and performances of these materials in the food packaging industry.
On the accuracy of data assimilation algorithms for dense flow field reconstructions
Authors: Sciacchitano A. , Leclaire B. , Schröder A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Within the framework of the European Union Horizon 2020 project HOMER (Holistic Optical Metrology for Aero-Elastic Research), data assimilation (DA) algorithms for dense flow field reconstructions developed by different research teams, hereafter referred to as the participants, were comparatively assessed. The assessment is performed using a synthetic database that reproduces the turbulent flow in the wake of a cylinder in ground effect, placed at the distance of one diameter from a lower wall. Downstream of the cylinder, this wall continues either in the form of a flat steady wall, or of a flexible panel undergoing periodic oscillations; these two situations correspond to two different test cases, the latter being introduced to extend the evaluation to fluid–structure interaction problems. The input data for the data assimilation algorithms were datasets containing the particle locations and their trajectories identification numbers, at increasing tracer concentrations from 0.04 to 1.4 particles/mm3 (equivalent image density values between 0.005 and 0.16 particles per pixel, ppp). The outputs of the DA algorithms considered for the assessment were the three components of the velocity, the nine components of the velocity gradient tensor and the static pressure, defined in the flow field on a Cartesian grid, as well as the static pressure on the wall surface, and its position in the deformable wall case. The results were analysed in terms of errors of the output quantities with respect to the ground-truth values and their distributions. Additionally, the performances of the different DA algorithms were compared with that of a standard linear interpolation approach. The velocity errors were found in the range between 3 and 11% of the bulk velocity; furthermore, the use of the DA algorithms enabled an increase of the measurement spatial resolution by a factor between 3 and 4. The errors of the velocity gradients were of the order of 10–15% of the peak vorticity magnitude. Accurate pressure reconstruction was achieved in the flow field, whereas the evaluation of the surface pressure revealed more challenging. As expected, lower errors were obtained for increasing seeding concentration. The difference of accuracy among the results of the different data assimilation algorithms was noticeable especially for the pressure field and the compliance with governing equations of fluid motion, and in particular mass conservation. The analysis of the flexible panel test case showed that the panel position could be reconstructed with micrometric accuracy, rather independently of the data assimilation algorithm and the seeding concentration. The accurate evaluation of the static pressure field and of the surface pressure proved to be a challenge, with typical errors between 3 and 20% of the free-stream dynamic pressure.