bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Atmospheric Circulation of CMIP6 Models for Extreme Temperature Events Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: Malhomme Nemo , Podvin Bérengère , Faranda Davide , Matheli Lionel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For climate models to continue improving, we need to uncover as many discrepancies they have with reality as possible. In particular, evaluating the representation of extreme events is important but challenging owing to their rarity. Here, we study how general circulation models reproduce large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with extreme temperature events. To this end, we apply latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a dimensionality reduction method, to a set of sea level pressure ERA5 maps over the North Atlantic region. LDA provides a basis of sparse latent modes called “motifs” that consist of localized objects at the synoptic scale. Any pressure map can be approximated by a generally sparse combination of motifs, whose coefficients are called the weights, containing local information about large-scale circulation. Weight statistics can be used to locally characterize circulation patterns, in general and during extreme events, allowing for detailed comparison of datasets. For four CMIP6 models and reanalyses, we quantify local circulation errors and identify model-agnostic and model-specific biases. On average, large-scale circulation is well predicted by all models, but model errors are increased for heat waves and cold spells. Significant errors were found to be associated with Mediterranean motifs for all models in all cases. In addition, the combination of motif and temperature error can discriminate between models in the general and cold spell cases, while models perform similarly on heat waves. The sparse characterization provided by the LDA analysis is, therefore, well suited for the model preselection for the study of extreme events.
Association Between Diabetes Mellitus Education and Self-Management Pre- and Post-COVID-19
Authors: Kim Yejin , Kim Bomgyeol , Rajaguru Vasuki , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Tae Hyun 
Published: January 2025

Purpose This study explored the association between diabetes education and self-management during different COVID-19 periods. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Korea Community Health Survey (2019, 2021, and 2022) and the data from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Participants 78, 860 individuals with diabetes who participated in the 2019, 2021, and 2022 KCHS. Measure Diabetes education was categorized according to whether individuals received education on how to manage the disease. Diabetes self-management was assessed using self-checking and screening of HbA1c levels. Analysis Multiple logistic regression analysis and a subgroup analysis examined the regional impact of COVID-19 on this association. Results Participants who received education before and after COVID-19 were more likely to self-manage their diabetes than those without education (pre-COVID-19 aOR = 2.11, post-COVID-19, 2022 aOR = 2.04, and post-COVID-19, 2021 aOR = 1.94). Those in regions with lower COVID-19 incidence had slightly higher self-management rates (pre-COVID-19 aOR = 2.37; post-COVID-19 2022 aOR = 2.33; post-COVID-19 2021 aOR = 2.02) compared to participants in high-incidence regions (pre-COVID-19 aOR = 1.96; post COVID-19 2021 aOR = 1.89 and post COVID-19 2022 aOR = 1.89). Conclusions Diabetes education has a positive impact on self-management, which is especially important during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study on the influence of square fiber diameter quality on the optical characteristics of lobster eye X-ray micro pore optics
Authors: Cao Yang , Wang Honggang , Wang Yanan , Li Longhui , Qian Yunsheng , Lang Yizheng 
Published: January 2025

Background The lobster eye micro pore optics (MPO) plays a pivotal role in X-ray focusing, composed of thousands of hollow square microfibers. The channel error in MPO can profoundly impact its focusing performance. Due to the complex manufacturing process of MPO, there are numerous factors that can contribute to channel errors. Objective This paper investigates the impact of two key quality indicators of fiber, i.e., diameter precision and ovality, on the focusing performance of flat MPO. Methods During the actual production process of MPO, fibers with varying diameter precision and ovality are utilized, and point-to-point vacuum X-ray focusing equipment is used to assess MPO's focusing performance. Channel error models related to fiber diameter accuracy and ovality are established in the simulation. Results Experiments show that both the diameter precision and ovality of fiber influence MPO focusing abilities, with diameter precision primarily affecting the intensity and uniformity of the central point focus and the parallelism of the line foci, while ovality mainly affects the intensity and continuity of the line foci. Numerical simulation results reveal that tilt channel errors significantly affect the X-ray focusing effects. Conclusions These findings hold important guiding significance for the preparation process of square fibers and high quality X-ray focusing device.
A multi-model machine learning framework for breast cancer risk stratification using clinical and imaging data
Authors: Miao Lu , Li Zidong , Gao Jinnan 
Published: January 2025

Purpose This study presents a comprehensive machine learning framework for assessing breast cancer malignancy by integrating clinical features with imaging features derived from deep learning. Methods The dataset included 1668 patients with documented breast lesions, incorporating clinical data (e.g., age, BI-RADS category, lesion size, margins, and calcifications) alongside mammographic images processed using four CNN architectures: EfficientNet, ResNet, DenseNet, and InceptionNet. Three predictive configurations were developed: an imaging-only model, a hybrid model combining imaging and clinical data, and a stacking-based ensemble model that aggregates both data types to enhance predictive accuracy. Twelve feature selection techniques, including ReliefF and Fisher Score, were applied to identify key predictive features. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy and AUC, with 5-fold cross-valida tion and hyperparameter tuning to ensure robustness. Results The imaging-only models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with EfficientNet achieving an AUC of 0.76. The hybrid model combining imaging and clinical data reached the highest accuracy of 83% and an AUC of 0.87, underscoring the benefits of data integration. The stacking-based ensemble model further optimized accuracy, reaching a peak AUC of 0.94, demonstrating its potential as a reliable tool for malignancy risk assessment. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of integrating clinical and deep imaging features for breast cancer risk stratification, with the stacking-based model.
Peptidomic Differences Between Natural Musk and Secretions from Forest Musk Gland Cells Cultured In Vitro
Authors: Huang Zhiying , Zhao Guijun , Zeng Dejun , Feng Xiaolan , Zhang Chenglu 
Published: January 2025

Background The Chinese forest musk deer, a solitary ungulate renowned for its musk secretion, is under extinction threat despite its extensive use in traditional Chinese medicine and perfumery. The demand for musk significantly outstrips its natural supply. Purpose This study aimed to explore the differences in peptide profiles between cultured musk gland cells and natural musk to develop sustainable alternatives for musk production and aid in the conservation of musk deer. Materials and Methods Musk samples from Chinese forest musk deer and cultured cells were collected and analyzed using the EASY-nLC 1000 system. Peptide extraction, nano LC–MS/MS analysis, and advanced peptidomics techniques were employed to identify and compare peptide compositions. Results The study found significant differences in secreted and natural musk peptide compositions. Cultured cells could partially replicate the complex peptide environment of natural musk, with some unique peptides identified in natural samples not present in cultured secretions. Conclusion While cultured musk gland cells show potential in mimicking natural musk synthesis, notable differences in peptide profiles suggest the importance of the gland’s microenvironment and the deer’s physiological conditions. This research establishes a foundation for optimizing culture techniques to enhance the therapeutic qualities of synthesized musk, contributing to the sustainable production of musk and the conservation of the species.
The effect of caregiver opinion leaders to increase demand for evidence-based practices for youth anxiety: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Crane Margaret E. , Atkins Marc S. , Becker Sara J. , Purtle Jonathan , Dysart Gillian C. , Keller Sydney , Brauer Olivia , Tiwari Sirina E. , Olino Thomas M. , Baez Lara , Lestino John , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: January 2025

Background Dissemination initiatives have the potential to increase consumer knowledge of and engagement with evidence-based treatments (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]). Opinion leaders (OLs) have been used in public health campaigns, but have not been examined for the dissemination of mental health treatments. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior to test the dissemination strategy of involving an OL in an educational presentation to increase caregiver demand for CBT for youth anxiety. Method Participants ( N = 262; 92% female; 69% White, 82% non-Hispanic) were caregivers who registered for a virtual presentation on youth anxiety treatment through their child's school. Schools within 1.5-hr drive of Philadelphia, PA were cluster-randomized ( k = 25; two-arm prospective randomization) to the OL condition (presented by a clinical researcher and local caregiver OL; n = 119 participants) or the researcher-only condition ( n = 143 participants). Presentations occurred from May 2021 to May 2022. Measures were completed pre- and post-presentation and at 3-month follow-up. Results Relative to the researcher co-presenter, participants rated the OL as significantly more relatable, familiar, similar, and understanding of their community, but less credible than the researcher co-presenter. In both conditions, there was a significant pre-post increase in participants’ knowledge of, attitudes about, subjective norms related to, and intention of seeking CBT for youth anxiety, but not stigma. Presentation conditions did not differ in change on these measures, or on rates of seeking youth anxiety CBT at follow-up. Conclusions Although involvement of a caregiver OL did not increase caregiver demand for evidence-based treatment for youth anxiety, the outreach presentation was associated with increases in knowledge of, attitudes about, subjective norms related to, and intention to seek CBT for youth anxiety. Involving OLs in researcher-delivered dissemination efforts may not be necessary for all consumer audiences, but may be beneficial for engendering a sense of relatability, similarity, and connection with disseminators.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking standalone cage for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease in patients over 80 years
Authors: Zhou Jian , Hu An’nan , Zhou Xiaogang , Dong Jian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The need for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) will probably grow dramatically in the geriatric population. However, ACDF with self-locking standalone cages in patients over 80 years has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic results in patients over 80 years treated by ACDF with self-locking standalone cages.

Methods
Between January 2018 and December 2019, patients with CDDD treated with ACDF were retrospectively stratified into two groups: the older group (≥ 80 years) and the younger group (< 65 years). The data collected included the demographics, preoperative comorbidities, intraoperative parameters, length of hospital stay, complications, clinical scores, and radiological parameters.

Results
A total of 123 patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up duration was 28.3 ± 2.4 months. The hospital stay was 5.3 ± 0.6 days and 3.8 ± 0.4 days, respectively, for the older and younger groups. Postoperative complication rate was found higher in the older group than that of the young group without significance. All the patient-reported outcome parameters had significant improvement at the final follow-up. The two groups had no significant differences in terms of the excellent and reasonable rates, fusion rate, and the C2–C7 Cobb angle.

Conclusions
Although a slightly higher incidence of complications, poorer recovery rate, and more extended hospital stay were found, without significant differences, satisfactory clinical and radiographic results were obtained in the older patients. The self-locking standalone cage is a safe and viable option for patients over 80 years who suffer from CDDD.

Level of evidence Level IV.
The potential of Curcuma longa L. bioactive compounds as RSK inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer: in silico study
Authors: Elekofehinti Olusola Olalekan , Taiwo Foluso Adeola , Akinjiyan Moses Orimoloye , Adetoyi Ifeoluwa Rachael , Ayodeji Folasade Oluwatobiloba , Oluwatuyi Adedotun Olayemi , Akintoye Oluwapelumi Nifesimi , Kehinde Idayat Oyinkansola , Adedapo Bolanle Esther , Iwaloye Opeyemi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The second most seen malignancy occurrence among males is prostate cancer. The p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) has attracted increased attention due to its overexpression in cancer cells, especially prostate cancer cells. Significant progress has been made recently to develop RSK inhibitors to treat prostate cancer, but these efforts have shown limited success.

Methods
Molecular docking and other computational analysis procedures using the Schrodinger suite were used to predict in silico the ability of bioactive compounds from turmeric (Curcuma longa) to bind effectively to RSK as potent inhibitors. Forty-three (43) selected compounds from turmeric were screened against RSK. After the molecular and induced-fit docking, the hit compounds were later subjected to ADMET, MMGBSA, and QSAR analyses using the Schrödinger suite.

Results
Five bioactive compounds may be possible lead drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer because they have the lowest binding energies, ranging from − 9.0 kcal/mol to − 11.00 kcal/mol, and have better pharmacokinetic qualities than the standard drugs docetaxel, enzalutamide, and abiraterone. The ligand and receptor had induced fit scores of − 8.511, − 6.977, − 8.671, − 9.548, and − 8.287 for 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 8-hydroxyl-ar-turmeron, bisdemethoxycurcumin, Curcumin II, and demethoxycurcumin, respectively. These hit compounds after ADMET prediction do not violate Lipinski's rule of five.

Conclusion
The work suggested that turmeric phytocompounds are effective RSK inhibitors for prostate cancer treatment. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations can confirm these findings.
Mortality in the families of children during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a repeated cross-sectional study of children in the United States
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Conti Rena M. , Becker Nora V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Modeling studies suggest that hundreds of thousands of U.S. children have lost caregivers since the COVID-19 pandemic began. However, few studies have directly evaluated changes in mortality in the families of U.S. children using patient-level data, characterized adult decedents and their surviving children, or accounted for the loss of the adult siblings of children.

Methods
We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using Optum’s De-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart, a national claims database that includes privately insured children and families across the U.S. We identified families of children aged 0–17 years enrolled in a family plan during each month in 2016–2021. Among these families, we calculated the proportion with ≥ 1 death of an adult family member aged ≥ 18 years enrolled in the plan, including young adult dependents aged 18–25 years. We used descriptive statistics to assess the age and sex of adult decedents and their surviving children. Moreover, we calculated the proportion of adult decedents who were the siblings of children.

Results
From January 2016 through February 2020, the median monthly proportion of families with ≥ 1 adult death was 0.000076 (7.6 per 100,000 families). This rose to 12.1 per 100,000 families in December 2020, fell below the pre-pandemic median during March-July 2021, and exceeded this median for most months during August-December 2021. Among adult decedents, 63.8% were male and mean age was 44.8 (11.4) years. Among surviving children, 59.5% were adolescents aged 12–17 years. Among adult decedents, 4.8% were the siblings of children.

Conclusions
During the pandemic, the proportion of privately insured children experiencing the loss of an adult family members varied over time, with the highest rates occurring at the end of 2020 and the second half of 2021. Some children lost adult siblings, suggesting that screening for child bereavement should include all family members, not just parents/guardians.
Exploring variation in the six-month review for stroke survivors: a national survey of current practice in England
Authors: Holmes Rich , Ackerley Suzanne , Fisher Rebecca J , Connell Louise A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The Six-Month Review (6MR) was introduced in the United Kingdom to provide a holistic, systematic review of the ongoing needs faced by stroke survivors. However, a theoretical underpinning regarding how it should work is lacking, potentially leading to wide variation in service provision. This study aimed to understand the current degree of variation in 6MR delivery across England and explore the potential driving factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey distributed to 6MR services within England. Data were collected over 12 weeks in 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate the degree of variation in service delivery, and associations were explored between features of the 6MR service and contextual factors.

Results
Ninety-two responses were received, representing approximately 53% of 6MR services in England. Wide variation was observed in relation to service structure, content and processes, and in how outcomes, experience and effectiveness are measured. A number of significant associations were observed between features of the 6MR and contextual factors, most commonly, in relation to the provider organisation.

Conclusions
This study highlights the degree of variation in 6MR delivery across England. The provider organisation may be a driving factor for this variation that warrants further investigation. Future research should focus on understanding how, and under what circumstances, the 6MR works so that its effectiveness can be evaluated and best practice established.
The impact of universal mental health screening on stigma in primary schools
Authors: Songco Annabel , Francis Deanna A. , McDermott Emma A. , Lim Chloe Y. S. , Allsop Abigail , Croguennec Joseph , Sicouri Gemma , Mackinnon Andrew , Hudson Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Primary school students struggling with mental health are less likely than high school students to access mental health care, due to barriers such as mental health stigma and low mental health literacy among children and parents. The near universal reach of schools offers a potential avenue to increase access to mental health care through early identification. The potential risks of this approach also need to be understood. This study monitored the impact of universal screening for mental health symptoms on stigma and mental health outcomes for primary school students.

Methods
Across 6 primary schools, a cluster randomised controlled trial allocated schools to one of two conditions. Conditions varied based on the order and frequency of symptom and stigma questionnaires. A sample of 798 children (8 to 13 years; Mage = 10.29) completed assessments at baseline, 6-week, and 12-week follow-ups.

Results
Significant time-by-group interaction effects were present, indicating differing changes in mental health stigma between groups. Follow-up analyses of subscales showed significant time-by-group interaction effects for concerns around self-stigma and secrecy, but not for public stigma. The frequency and presentation order of the questionnaires impacted on mental health stigma. Initially, children reporting on mental health symptoms before stigma, reported heightened stigma, but over time, those receiving more frequent presentations of the symptom check experienced an overall stigma reduction, contrasting with an increase in the comparison group.

Conclusion
The frequency and presentation order of mental health symptom assessments impact children’s reports of mental health stigma, underscoring the importance of screening context. Potential screening harms, such as exacerbating self-stigma and secrecy, warrant consideration. Addressing stigma-related barriers is crucial for enhancing mental health care access for children in schools.

Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001114730) https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=384472 Date of trial registration: 12th August 2022.
MRI-based deep learning radiomics to differentiate dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma from HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Wu Qian , Zhang Tao , Xu Fan , Cao Lixiu , Gu Wenhao , Zhu Wenjing , Fan Yanfen , Wang Ximing , Hu Chunhong , Yu Yixing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate radiomics and deep learning models based on contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) for differentiating dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) from HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods
Our study consisted of 381 patients from four centers with 138 HCCs, 122 DPHCCs, and 121 ICCs (244 for training and 62 for internal tests, centers 1 and 2; 75 for external tests, centers 3 and 4). Radiomics, deep transfer learning (DTL), and fusion models based on CE-MRI were established for differential diagnosis, respectively, and their diagnostic performances were compared using the confusion matrix and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).

Results
The radiomics model demonstrated competent diagnostic performance, with a macro-AUC exceeding 0.9, and both accuracy and F1-score above 0.75 in the internal and external validation sets. Notably, the vgg19-combined model outperformed the radiomics and other DTL models. The fusion model based on vgg19 further improved diagnostic performance, achieving a macro-AUC of 0.990 (95% CI: 0.965–1.000), an accuracy of 0.935, and an F1-score of 0.937 in the internal test set. In the external test set, it similarly performed well, with a macro-AUC of 0.988 (95% CI: 0.964–1.000), accuracy of 0.875, and an F1-score of 0.885.

Conclusions
Both the radiomics and the DTL models were able to differentiate DPHCC from HCC and ICC before surgery. The fusion models showed better diagnostic accuracy, which has important value in clinical application.

Critical relevance statement
MRI-based deep learning radiomics were able to differentiate DPHCC from HCC and ICC preoperatively, aiding clinicians in the identification and targeted treatment of these malignant hepatic tumors.

Key Points

Fusion models may yield an incremental value over radiomics models in differential diagnosis.

Radiomics and deep learning effectively differentiate the three types of malignant hepatic tumors.

The fusion models may enhance clinical decision-making for malignant hepatic tumors.

Graphical Abstract