bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility loci in a large Chinese family
Authors: Villanueva R. , Tomer Y. , Greenberg D. A. , Mao C. , Concepcion E. S. , Tucci S. , Estilo G. , Davies T. F. 
Published: March 2003

Summaryobjectives The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) comprising Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are complex genetic diseases, which result from an interaction between predisposing genes and environmental triggers. The aim of our study was to dissect the genetic predisposition to GD and HT in one large Chinese family with multiple members affected with AITD.patients We completed a whole genome screen of a large multiplex Chinese–American family. We enrolled 27 family members from three generations. Eight members were affected with AITD, six had GD and two had HT.design We determined the information limits of the family. Power calculations indicated that the maximum attainable LOD scores were 5·1 assuming dominant inheritance, and 3·4 assuming recessive inheritance. These estimates both assumed 100% penetrance and one gene. Whole genome screening was performed using 400 highly polymorphic and densely spaced microsatellite markers spanning the entire human genome (intermarker distance < 10 cM). Linkage analysis was performed using two‐point and multipoint parametric and nonparametric methods.results Initial whole genome screening performed with 400 microsatellite markers identified two markers that showed evidence for linkage to AITD in this family, D11S4191 and D9S175, with two‐point LOD scores of 2·31 and 2·05, respectively. Multipoint linkage analysis focusing on the regions containing these markers revealed a maximum multipoint LOD score (MLS) of 2·13 and a nonparametric linkage score (NPL) of 6·1 for D11S4191 and an MLS of 2·01 and NPL of 7·5 for D9S175.conclusions These results showed that this Chinese family harboured susceptibility loci for AITD which were distinct from those previously found in the Caucasian population. This suggests that different susceptibility loci exist between different ethnic groups. Furthermore, even within a single family from a genetically homogenous population, more than one gene was involved in the genetic susceptibility to AITD, supporting the notion that AITDs are caused by multiple genes of varying influences.
The expectations hypothesis, term premia, and the Canadian term structure of interest rates
Authors: Hejazi Walid , Lai Huiwen , Yang Xian 
Published: March 2003

In this paper monthly data are used over the period 1960:7 to 1995:12 to examine the determinants of term premia implicit in the Canadian T‐bill term structure of interest rates. In sharp contrast to U.S. evidence, the conditional variances of Canadian macroeconomic variables are found to be insignificant predictors of term premia in the Canadian T‐bill term structure. The conditional variances of U.S. macroeconomic variables, however, are found to be important determinants of Canadian term premia. JEL Classification: E43, G1 L'hypothese des anticipations, les primes de temps et la structure temporelle des taux d'intérêt canadiens. Ce mémoire utilise des données mensuelles de juillet 1960 à décembre 1995 pour examiner les déterminants des primes de temps implicites dans la structure des taux d'intérêt pour les bons du trésor canadiens. Contrairement à ce que l'on trouve aux Etats‐Unis, il semble que les variances conditionnelles des variables macroéconomiques canadiennes ne sont pas des prédicteurs utiles de ces primes. Cependant, il appert que les variances conditonnelles des variables macroéconomiques des Etats‐Unis sont des déterminants importants de ces primes.
The effect of additions to or deletions from the TSE 300 Index on Canadian share prices
Authors: Masse Isidore , Hanrahan Robert , Kushner Joseph , Martinello Felice 
Published: March 2003

In this paper we examine shares that have been added to or deleted from the TSE 300 Index to determine whether abnormal price movements have occurred. We apply the dummy variable approach to event study methodology and adjust the estimated standard errors for arbitrary heteroscedasticity and clustering of events. We also use a non‐parametric method of inference. Like authors of U.S. studies, we find that the market reacts positively to inclusion and negatively to deletion, albeit not significantly in the latter case. The information content of inclusion does not account for the entire share price response, lending support to the hypothesis of increased purchases by index funds. JEL Classification: G14Ce texte examine les titres qui ont été ajoutés ou soustraits de l'indice TSE 300 pour déterminer si des mouvements anormaux de prix s'en sont suivis. On utilise l'approche des variables fictives dans le cadre d'une méthodologie qui étudie l'impact d'événements, et on ajuste les erreurs standards pour tenir compte de l'hétéroskédasticité arbitraire et de l'agglomération d'événements. On utilise aussi une méthode non‐paramétrique d'inférence. Comme dans des études américaines du même type, on découvre que les marché réagit positivement à l'inclusion et négativement à la soustraction d'un titre, mais que l'effet n'est pas significatif dans ce dernier cas. Le contenu informationnel de l'inclusion n'explique pas entièrement le mouvement dans le prix du titre, ce qui apporte un support à l'hypothèse de l'impact des achats accrus par des fonds indexés.
The bargaining family revisited
Authors: Konrad Kai A. , Lommerud Kjell Erik 
Published: March 2003

We suggest a family bargaining model where human capital investment decisions are made non‐cooperatively in a first stage, while day‐to‐day allocation of time is determined later through Nash bargaining, but with non‐cooperative behaviour as the fall‐back. One finding is that overinvestment in education may be even more of a problem in such a semi‐cooperative model than in a fully non‐cooperative one. Even though both the semi‐cooperative model and the fully non‐cooperative model predict overinvestment in education, policy conclusions that follow from the two models are distinctly different. JEL Classification: D13, J24Les auteurs suggèrent un modèle de famille qui marchande où les décisions d'investissement en capital humain sont prises de manière non‐coopérative dans un premier temps, alors que l'allocation du temps au jour le jour est déterminée plus tard par un marchandage à la Nash, mais avec un comportement noncoopératif comme choix de second ordre. On découvre que le surinvestissement dans l'éducation peut être encore plus problématique dans un tel modèle de semi‐coopération que dans un modèle de non coopération. Même si les deux modèles prévoient un surinves;chtissement dans l'éducation, les conclusions au plan de la politique publique qui découlent de ces deux modèles sont fort différentes.
Phases of the Canadian business cycle
Authors: Bodman Philip M. , Crosby Mark 
Published: March 2003

In this paper we contrast a number of univariate models of Canadian GDP. Our preferred models are used to provide a business cycle chronology for Canada, which is compared with some existing, more judgmentally determined chronologies. We find that a simple, ‘two quarters of negative growth’ rule for determining recession dates is the most similar to our chronology. We also find that the most recent recession in Canada was unique in both its length and the slow speed of recovery. JEL Classification: C22, C51, C52, E32 Phases du cycle d'affaires au Canada. Dans ce mémoire, les auteurs contrastent un certain nombre de modèles du PIB canadien. Les modèles préférés sont utilisés pour définir une chronologie des cycles économiques du Canada qu'on peut comparer avec d'autres chronologies existantes basées davantage sur le jugement. On découvre que la règle “deux trimestres de croissance négative” est celle qui se rapproche le plus de la chronologie proposée quand il s'agit de définir les dates de récession. On découvre aussi que la récente récession canadienne a été unique tant par sa durée que par la lenteur avec laquelle la reprise subséquente s'est amorcée.
Public policy and R&D when research joint ventures are costly
Authors: Vilasuso Jon , Frascatore Mark R. 
Published: March 2003

In this paper we examine the role of policy when forming a R&D joint venture is costly. Contrary to previous studies, we document an active role for public policy, since the interests of firms are not necessarily aligned with societal interests. The nature of policy, however, depends on the joint venture cost. If it is relatively low, then policy may call for subsidizing the joint venture to encourage collaboration. If forming a joint venture is very costly, however, then there are cases where social welfare is improved if policy encourages R&D competition with no joint venture. JEL Classification: D43, L13 Politique publique et R&D quand les alliances stratégiques en recherche sont coûteuses. Ce mémoire examine le rôle de la politique publique quand la mise en place d'une alliance stratégique en recherche est coûteuse. Contrairement à ce qu'ont suggéré des études antérieures, les auteurs montrent qu'il y a un rôle positif pour la politique publique, à proportion que les intérêts des entreprises ne sont pas nécessairement alignés sur les intérêts de la société. La nature de la politique dépend cependant du coût de l'alliance stratégique. Si le coût est faible, alors une politique de subvention pour encourager la collaboration peut s'imposer. Si le coût est élevé, alors il existe des cas où une politique de concurrence dans le R&D sans alliance stratégique peut mieux servir le mieux être collectif.
Integrating Discrete and Continuous Change in a Logical Framework
Authors: Pinto Javier A. 
Published: March 2003

The goal of our work is to develop theoretical foundations for the representation of knowledge in domains in which properties may vary continuously. One achievement of our research is that it extends the applicability of current research on theories of action. Furthermore, we are able to apply known approaches to the frame and ramification problems, developed for discretely changing worlds, to domains in which the world changes continuously.Our approach is based on the discrete situation calculus and on a monotonic solution to the frame problem. In order to address the combined frame and ramification problems, we extend Lin and Reiter's work. We use Pinto and Reiter's extension to the situation calculus to represent occurrences. We extend this work further to allow for reasoning by default. For example, if we know that a ball is falling and we do not have any reason to believe that an action would interfere with the ball's motion, then we assume that the ball will hit the ground. Finally, we extend the language of the situation calculus to allow for properties that change within situations. We also show that our proposed situation calculus inherits the solutions to the frame and ramification problems.
Shaping Administrative Reform and Governance: An Examination of the Political Nexus Triads in Three Asian Countries
Authors: Moon Myung‐Jae , Ingraham Patricia 
Published: March 2003

When addressing administrative reform, many scholars have referred to the fact that governments confront multiple internal challenges such as fiscal stress, distrust of bureaucracy, and higher demands for public services (Peters and Savoie 1995). Externally, governments become more sensitive to global issues and tend to be more influenced by international environments (Garcia‐Zamor and Khator 1994). Faced with internal and external challenges, governments seek new paradigms for governance (Ingraham and Romzek 1994) and often initiate administrative reform (AR) aimed at enhancing governmental performance and improving the administrative system through technological advances, managerial improvements, administrative innovations and continued enhancement of administrative capabilities (Caiden 1991).Administrative reform and its diffusion among Western countries are well documented in the literature (Campbell and Peters 1988; Savoie 1994; Halligan 1996; Peters and Savoie 1995). However, studies are skewed toward Western countries and little attention has been paid to Asia. Even less attention has been paid to comparative studies on Asian administrative reform, even though many Asian countries have developed their own AR trajectories to improve public efficiency and productivity (Burns 1994; Zhang, De Guzman, and Reforma 1992). As many students of comparative public administration (CPA) understand, it is always a challenging task, both methodologically and theoretically, to examine a group of different countries (Aberbach and Rockman 1987; Heady 1996a; 1996b; Peters 1988; Peters 1996). It is an even more challenging and controversial task to develop a single comparative framework from which we can examine different countries.This article attempts to fill a gap in the literature by examining Asian AR from a comparative perspective. First, we propose an exploratory theoretical framework, a Political Nexus Triad (PNT). PNT is an extended model, which adds civil society as the third dimension to the traditional politics‐administration model. We suggest the PNT and its dynamic trajectory as a building block of the comparative study of Asian administrative reform. This is similar to the power interaction models in which Peters (1988) addresses the power interactions between politicians and bureaucrats.1 Second, we examine the conventional patterns of PNT for three Asian countries: China, Japan, and Korea. Third, we survey AR of the three countries, focusing on actors, contents and potential impacts to the new PNT. Finally, we discuss conclusions and comparisons
Working in East German Socialism in 1980 and in Capitalism 15 Years Later: A Trend Analysis of a Transitional Economy’s Working Conditions
Authors: Fay Doris , Frese Michael 
Published: March 2003

Many studies document the changes that have taken place in the new German states, the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), since the end of socialism. Most research looks at the changes that took place after the unification of East and West Germany, but little is known about the differences between the present, somewhat settled situation in the new German states and the stable situation in the GDR before the system change.The goal of this study was to enlarge our knowledge on these differences. With a trend analysis, aspects of work in the GDR in 1980 (n=337) were compared with the new German states in 1995 (n=168). Results showed that there was more job control and complexity, more activity in work improvement and better work organisation in the new German states than in the GDR. There was no difference in stress variables and social support by colleagues between both groups. Relationships with supervisors and appreciation for suggestions for work improvement were better in the GDR than after the introduction of capitalism.
The sources of skill in seriating cups in children, monkeys and apes
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Galloway Amy T. , Johnson‐Pynn Julie , Brakke Karen 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIs a concept of either reversibility or of hierarchical forms of combination necessary for skilled seriation? We examined this question by presenting seriating cups to adult capuchin monkeys and chimpanzees and to 11‐, 16‐ and 21‐month‐old children. Capuchins and chimpanzees consistently created seriated sets with five cups, and placed a sixth cup into a previously seriated set. Children of all three ages created seriated five‐cup sets less consistently than the capuchins and chimpanzees, and were rarely able to place a sixth cup into a seriated set. Twenty‐one‐month‐olds produced more structures containing three or more cups than did the younger age groups, and these children also achieved seriated sets more frequently. Within all participant groups, success at seriating five cups was associated with the frequency of combining three or more cups, regardless of form. The ability to integrate multiple elements in persistent combinatorial activity is sufficient for the emergence of seriation in young children, monkeys and apes. Reliance on particular methods of combination and a concept of reversibility are later refinements that can enhance skilled seriation.
Children's understanding of the earth in a multicultural community: mental models or fragments of knowledge?
Authors: Nobes Gavin , Moore Derek G. , Martin Alan E. , Clifford Brian R. , Butterworth George , Panagiotaki Georgia , Siegal Michael 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChildren's understanding of properties of the earth was investigated by interviewing Asian and white British classmates aged 4−8 years (N = 167). Two issues were explored: whether they held mental models of the earth (Vosniadou & Brewer, 1992) or instead had fragmented knowledge (di Sessa, 1988); and the influence of the children's different cultural backgrounds. Children selected from a set of plastic models and answered forced‐choice questions. Using this methodology, there were no significant differences in the overall performance of Asian and white children after language skills were partialled out. Even young children showed an emerging knowledge of some properties of the earth, but the distributions of their combinations of responses provided no evidence that they had mental models. Instead, these distributions closely resembled those that would be expected if children's knowledge in this domain were fragmented. Possible reasons for the differences between these findings and those of previous research are discussed.
Magnetic resonance approaches to the identification of focal pathophysiology in children with brain disease
Authors: Gadian David G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNew magnetic resonance techniques now provide increasingly powerful ways of identifying the structural correlates of impaired cerebral function. The aims of this article are to show how we have been using a variety of magnetic resonance techniques to identify focal pathophysiology in children with brain disease, and to describe how these findings have contributed to our understanding of impaired function in these children. An outline is given of the methods that we have chosen to use, and this is followed by their applications in a number of groups of patients. The examples that are given illustrate the importance of detecting brain abnormalities that might previously have gone undetected.
Suharto's Fall and Afterwards: Medititations Provoked by Four Recent Analyses
Authors: Sullivan Gerald 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:Edward Aspinall, et al, (eds) The last days of President SuhartoRichard W. Baker, et al, (eds) Indonesia: The Challenge of ChangeArief Budiman, et al, (eds) Reformasi: Crisis and change in IndonesiaGeoff Forester, (ed) Post‐Soeharto Indonesia: Renewal or Chaos?
Is there an Asian Bioethics?
Authors: De Castro Leonardo D. 
Published: March 2003

Is there an Asian Bioethics?Some people might consider it blasphemous even to ask this question. But this paper asks it not so much to seek an answer as to clarify what it could actually mean. The idea is to sort out the presuppositions and possible implications of asserting the existence of an Asian bioethics.In the end, this paper makes the following points: (1) In the attempt to assert an Asian identity, one must be careful not to commit the mistake of universalizing (among Asians) a single Asian perspective; and (2) In the face of pluralism and multi‐culturalism, there is some room for a kind of universalist ethics that is founded on a collage of culturally inspired perspectives rather than on a single standard of morality.
Towards inclusion — our shared responsibility for disaffected pupils
Authors: MacLeod Fiona 
Published: March 2003

Finding ways of successfully including pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties in mainstream schools remains a significant challenge as we move towards a more inclusive future. In this article, Fiona MacLeod, Upper School Co‐ordinator at Willow Grove School, a special school for pupils with emotional and behavioural difficulties in Wigan, describes a pilot project designed to promote the reintegration of pupils at transfer to the secondary phase of their education.She reports on a series of successful placements and discusses the factors that may have helped to sustain the inclusion of some of the pupils in her pilot group. The work described in this article was undertaken as part of the author’s MA (special educational needs) programme at Lancaster University.
Computer‐graphics and the literary construct: a learning method
Authors: Henry Avril 
Published: March 2003

This paper describes a third‐year undergraduate module, Text Through Images (TTI; known at first as Texts with Computers) which ran for some years in the School of English, University of Exeter, UK. Instead of using only words, TTI students made their own computer graphics both to discover and to describe literary structures in texts of their choice. The results were surprising: whatever their “academic” ability, students on this course regularly produced genuinely original literary perceptions, and their natural creativity was released. The module's innovative methods are eminently transferable to other disciplines. This paper is designed to be read in conjunction with a website: for further details, go to http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/asp/journal.asp?ref=0007‐1013 presenting a selection of students' graphics produced on the course; these appear by generous permission of their makers, who hold copyright.The reasons for the module's success are elusive. Perhaps students feel unfettered by the attitudes associated with traditional verbal expression, the absence of preconceptions about the new process enabling them to bypass old habits of thought. Perhaps the interplay of word and image is particularly fruitful because images and words activate different areas of the brain. It may be that the computer creates the illusion of distance between design and designer, so that the latter feels less personally exposed than when drawing on paper. Perhaps success lies in the combination of individual freedom and on‐screen group work, or on the way in which students are enabled to make small but publishable original discoveries. Educational psychologists may be able to explain why the mix works (it has been suggested that it represents a “constructivist/generative learning strategy that Dave Jonassen terms ‘elaboration’”) but more importantly, teachers may find the model useful. What interests me about the module is not the structure of the teaching, but the way in which the use of diagramming apparently enables the learner productively to bypass previous mental conditioning about how literature works, and what is acceptable in analysing it.