bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of clay metal minerals on the products of microwave pyrolysis of oil sludge
Authors: Wang Ruixuan , Shi Liang , Hu Shihong , Chen Xingyuan , Su Wentao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOil sludge is a solid organic waste generated during the extraction and transport of petroleum resources. In this paper, initially, the types of oil sludge and the potential hazards of oil sludge are discussed. On this basis, the disposal process of microwave pyrolysis of oil sludge for generating three‐phase products (gas, light oil, and residual carbon) for recycling is put forward, through which the oil sludge is recycled and reused, and the pollution to the environment is decreased. To elevate the reaction rate of microwave pyrolysis of oil sludge and raise the yields of gas and liquid oil, four catalysts (montmorillonite‐Ca‐based, montmorillonite‐Na‐based, kaolinite, chlorite) were introduced to experimentally dissect the heating rate, oil production rate, and gas production rate of microwave pyrolysis. The results demonstrated that the reaction rate of microwave pyrolysis was prominently enhanced after adding the catalysts, and the contents of pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas also increased conspicuously. The combustible gas content in pyrolysis gas (H2 + CH4 + CO) increased by 17.624 wt.% (montmorillonite Na‐based), 9.511 wt.% (chlorite), 12.28 wt.% (kaolinite), and 15.164 wt.% (montmorillonite Ca‐based), respectively, compared to that of the blank group. The clay–metal mineral catalysts, particularly montmorillonite Na‐based, facilitated the sludge decomposition, augmented the content of low‐carbon number straight‐chain hydrocarbons and alcohols, and improved the quality of pyrolysis oil products.
Assessing the Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Warfarin and Rivaroxaban for Cancer Associated Thrombosis: Experience From a Resource Limited Setting
Authors: Tasamma Abel Tenaw , Bukate Tsegab Alemayehu , Mehadi Abdulrahim , Handiso Bereket Tagesse , Kassa Beniam Yohannes , Hassen Eman Omer , Ayalew Zekarias Seifu , Tegegne Dawit Habtie , Azibte Gebeyehu Tessema , Zewdie Tigest Abebaw , Shihur Tinsaye Zergaw , Geremamo Yonas Degelo , Mesfin Yeabsira Dessalegne , Alemayehu Rediet M. , Asefa Amanuel Kassu , Abdela Fozia , Melkie Addisu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThromboembolic events are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. While direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been established as the preferred agents of anticoagulation in most patients with cancer, data in resource‐limited settings is limited.AimsThe study aims to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and rivaroxaban for cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT) in a resource‐limited setting.Methods and resultsA single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted on 201 patients who were on follow‐up from September 2021 to August 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups (1) warfarin and (2) rivaroxaban. They were then retrospectively followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding event, or all‐cause mortality. The Cox regression model was used to compare the outcome of the two groups. The baseline mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 48.4 (15.0) and 140 (69.7%) of them were female. 41.3% of the participants had one or more comorbidities, and the most common types of cancer were gynecologic (28.9%), hematologic (21.4%), and intra‐abdominal (16.9%). The most common type of thrombosis was deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (77.1%). The primary composite outcome of VTE recurrence, major bleeding event, and all‐cause mortality occurred in 25 (24.3%) patients in the warfarin group and 11 (11.2%) in the rivaroxaban group (hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–0.97; p = 0.041).ConclusionRivaroxaban was found to be more efficacious and safer than warfarin for patients with CAT in a resource‐limited setting. This finding is congruent with reports from resource‐abundant countries and recommendations from major international societies.
Effect of Food Intake or Coadministration With an Acid‐Reducing Agent on Lenacapavir Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Administration
Authors: Singh Renu , Shelton Mark , Olson Isabel , Ling John , West Steve , Levy Jeffrey A. , Rhee Martin S. , Girish Sandhya , Palaparthy Ramesh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLenacapavir is a potent, long‐acting HIV‐1 capsid inhibitor used in combination with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV‐1 infection. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs may be affected by food intake or coadministration of acid‐reducing agents (ARA). Two Phase 1 studies were conducted on healthy participants to evaluate the effect of food and the impact of the histamine H2‐receptor antagonist famotidine in parallel cohorts. In Study 1, oral lenacapavir (300 mg) was administered under fasting conditions, after a standardized high‐fat meal, and after a low‐fat meal (n = 8/cohort). In Study 2, lenacapavir 300 mg was administered alone (n = 27) and 2 hours after famotidine (40 mg; n = 25), each under fasting conditions. For the high‐fat meal versus fasted comparison, the percentage geometric least‐squares mean (%GLSM) ratios for the lenacapavir area under the curve to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were 115.2 and 145.2, respectively. For the low‐fat meal, the %GLSM ratios for lenacapavir AUCinf and Cmax were 98.6 and 115.8, respectively, versus the fasted state. In the famotidine study, the %GLSM ratio for lenacapavir AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration was 137.4, and for Cmax was 100.6. Based on available clinical safety data, the exposure increases observed in these studies were not expected to be clinically relevant. Overall, these data support the dosing of oral lenacapavir without regard to food intake or coadministration with ARAs.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Supply Chain Efficiency: A Study on Chinese Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang Yijie , Zhang Weikun , Liu Dongyuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs sustainability challenges, such as environmental pollution, become increasingly severe, businesses must balance stakeholder interests while achieving economic objectives. Applying stakeholder theory, this study finds that active participation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) significantly improves supply chain efficiency (SCE), with an indirect effect through mechanisms such as green technology innovation and information sharing. Heterogeneity experiments reveal that CSR has a greater effect on SCE in nonstate‐owned businesses, companies with highly competitive positions, strong media attention, and regions with lower market segmentation. These findings offer practical insights for businesses aiming to integrate CSR into supply chain strategies, providing a new perspective on the economic effects of CSR under varying market and competitive conditions.
Elevated temperature effects on swelling pressure of compacted bentonite
Authors: He Linhua , Sedighi Majid , Mosleh Mojgan Hadi , Jivkov Andrey , Liu Jiangfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of temperature on the hydro‐mechanical behavior of compacted bentonite is important for performance assessments of bentonite‐based buffer, backfill, and sealing systems in deep geological disposal of high‐level radioactive wastes. Motivated by such applications, most past experimental studies were focused on highly compacted and high‐quality bentonite. Such degrees of dry densities may not be economically or technically feasible for other emerging applications, including as an alternative material to cement in plugging and abandonment of wells. A bespoke high‐pressure high‐temperature constant rate of strain (CRS) apparatus was developed for the work reported here to conduct a series of tests for evaluating the hydro‐mechanical response of compacted bentonite to elevated temperatures. Experiments were performed with bentonite specimens with high impurity contents at a range of dry densities (1.1, 1.4, and 1.7 Mg/m3) and temperatures between 20 and 80°C. The results show that temperature increase leads to the decrease of swelling pressure for all studied densities. Larger reductions of swelling pressure were observed with increasing dry densities, suggesting the possibility of a larger exchange of pore water in the microstructure system of the clay. The transfer of water from micropores to macropores at elevated temperatures is shown to be a key controlling process at high‐density compacted bentonite by which temperature affects the swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity.
INSIGHT: Combining Fixation Visualisations and Residual Neural Networks for Dyslexia Classification From Eye‐Tracking Data
Authors: Svaricek Roman , Dostalova Nicol , Sedmidubsky Jan , Cernek Andrej 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCurrent diagnostic methods for dyslexia primarily rely on traditional paper‐and‐pencil tasks. Advanced technological approaches, including eye‐tracking and artificial intelligence (AI), offer enhanced diagnostic capabilities. In this paper, we bridge the gap between scientific and diagnostic concepts by proposing a novel dyslexia detection method, called INSIGHT, which combines a visualisation phase and a neural network‐based classification phase. The first phase involves transforming eye‐tracking fixation data into 2D visualisations called Fix‐images, which clearly depict reading difficulties. The second phase utilises the ResNet18 convolutional neural network for classifying these images. The INSIGHT method was tested on 35 child participants (13 dyslexic and 22 control readers) using three text‐reading tasks, achieving a highest accuracy of 86.65%. Additionally, we cross‐tested the method on an independent dataset of Danish readers, confirming the robustness and generalizability of our approach with a notable accuracy of 86.11%. This innovative approach not only provides detailed insight into eye movement patterns when reading but also offers a robust framework for the early and accurate diagnosis of dyslexia, supporting the potential for more personalised and effective interventions.
Breeding Partners Have Dissimilar Foraging Strategies in a Long‐Lived Arctic Seabird
Authors: Gousy‐Leblanc Marianne , Patterson Allison , Gilchrist H. Grant , Friesen Vicki L. , Elliott Kyle H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFor long‐lived species with biparental care, coordination and compatibility in the foraging behavior of breeding mates may be crucial to successfully raise offspring. While high foraging success is clearly important to reproductive success, it might be equally important that the mate has a complementary foraging strategy. We test whether breeding partners have similar or dissimilar foraging strategies in a species where both partners share breeding responsibilities and exhibit high mate fidelity (thick‐billed murre; Uria lomvia). To examine whether thick‐billed murres showed complementary in foraging strategies, we attached GPS accelerometers to both partners within 40 thick‐billed murre chick‐rearing pairs. Individuals within a breeding pair were dissimilar in their foraging trip distance and in their number of dives during foraging trips compared to randomized pairs. Breeding partners were also more similar in wing length than randomized pairs. This result could be related to individual quality as individuals select similar sized partners or select sites that lead to similar sized partners. We conclude that foraging strategy diversity could be maintained in this population either because individuals prefer partners with foraging strategies complementary to their own, or because partners diverge in foraging strategies over multiple breeding season together.
Continuous Stem Water Potential Measurements of a Diffuse‐Porous Tree Species Offer New Insights Into Tree Water Relations
Authors: Haberstroh Simon , Scarpa Fabio , Seeger Stefan , Christen Andreas , Werner Christiane 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWater potential is a crucial parameter for assessing tree water status and hydraulic strategies. However, methods for measuring water potential, such as the Scholander pressure chamber, are destructive, discontinuous and difficult to perform in tall forests. Consequently, important dynamics in water potentials, particularly during short‐term drought, are difficult to capture. Recent advancements have introduced low‐maintenance sensors capable of measuring continuous, high‐resolution stem water potentials.We evaluated these sensors in a temperate, diffuse‐porous species (Carpinus betulus) over a growing season marked by dry‐down periods and heat. Measurements of leaf water potential, sap flow and environmental factors (air temperature, vapour pressure deficit and soil water content) were conducted. Midday stem water potentials of C. betulus reached minimum values of −3.39 ± 0.10 MPa and exhibited pronounced seasonal fluctuations, mirroring changes in environmental conditions and sap flow.Stem water potentials correlated well with Scholander‐type measurements during predawn (R2 = 0.98) but demonstrated an offset in absolute values during midday (R2 = 0.71) and diurnal measurements. Minimum stem water potentials and maximum sap flow in the stem expressed a time lag and showed a distinct hysteresis. In this first assessment, the agreement with Scholander‐type measurements, sap flow and environmental parameters suggests the tested water potential sensors yield reliable data, especially during predawn, but need further validation during midday conditions. If applicable to other tree species, these sensors could significantly advance our understanding of tree water relations and their role in forest drought responses.
Modelling the Influence of Vegetation on the Stochastic Dynamics of Coastal Dunes
Authors: Adhithya Ramakrishnan Kiran , Duran Vinent Orencio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCoastal dunes are the highest natural features on a barrier island, where they protect beach communities, infrastructure and low‐energy back‐barrier ecosystems from flooding and erosion during storms and other high‐water events. Their formation, and poststorm recovery, is a result of a subtle competition between the physical and biological processes controlling the initial stages of dune growth. Vegetation colonises a barren back‐beach and traps wind‐driven (aeolian) sand to form dunes, but at low enough elevation, plants can be eroded by water‐driven transport during random flooding events, which slows down or prevents dune formation. This competition has been previously investigated using both process‐based and analytical models. However, the effect of finite vegetation recovery times together with the precise stochastic nature of flooding events has not been taken into account before. A recent stochastic dune model assumed that vegetation grows and recovers instantaneously, whereas an existing process‐based dune model, the Coastal Dune Model (CDM), did not properly resolve the stochastic flooding events. Here, we address this knowledge gap by adding a much more realistic description of high‐water events of the stochastic model to CDM and investigate the role of vegetation growth and recovery times in dune formation. We first replicate the stochastic model predictions assuming instantaneous vegetation growth. We then define the vegetation colonisation time and relate it to the initial dune formation time. Since dune formation requires the presence of vegetation, a finite colonisation time leads to an expected lag in dune formation and recovery. Depending on the competition between vegetation growth and aeolian erosion, we find that dune dynamics can be divided into two regimes: one with a stable (static) vegetated dune and another one with a mobile, partially vegetated, dune propagating landward. Within the stable dune regime, the influence of vegetation on dune recovery is solely controlled by the relation between the vegetation colonisation time, the dune growth time after plant colonisation and the return period of high‐water events flooding the back‐beach. We introduce two control parameters based on these times and use them to describe a simplified phase space of the dune state. We then find a simple analytical expression for the transition from a ‘high’ state with mature dunes to a ‘low’ state devoid of dunes based on the competition between dune recovery time controlled by vegetation and the flooding frequency. Finally, we use the transition threshold to propose a vulnerability indicator for dune recovery as the minimum elevation after an overwash required for vegetation to recover.
Canopy complexity drives positive effects of tree diversity on productivity in two tree diversity experiments
Authors: Fahey Catherine , Choi Dennis , Wang Jianmin , Domke Grant M. , Edwards Joseph D. , Fei Songlin , Kivlin Stephanie N. , LaRue Elizabeth A. , McCormick Melissa K. , McShea William J. , Phillips Richard P. , Pullen Jamie , Parker John D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractForest canopy complexity (i.e., the three‐dimensional structure of the canopy) is often associated with increased species diversity as well as high primary productivity across natural forests. However, canopy complexity, tree diversity, and productivity are often confounded in natural forests, and the mechanisms of these relationships remain unclear. Here, we used two large tree diversity experiments in North America to assess three hypotheses: (1) increasing tree diversity leads to increased canopy complexity, (2) canopy complexity is positively related to tree productivity, and (3) the relationship between tree diversity and tree productivity is indirect and driven by the positive effects of canopy complexity. We found that increasing tree diversity from monocultures to mixtures of 12 species increases canopy complexity and productivity by up to 71% and 73%, respectively. Moreover, structural equation modeling indicates that the effects of tree diversity on productivity are indirect and mediated primarily by changes in internal canopy complexity. Ultimately, we suggest that increasing canopy complexity can be a major mechanism by which tree diversity enhances productivity in young forests.
Predictive models are indeed useful for causal inference
Authors: Nichols James D. , Cooch Evan G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe subject of investigating causation in ecology has been widely discussed in recent years, especially by advocates of a structural causal model (SCM) approach. Some of these advocates have criticized the use of predictive models and model selection for drawing inferences about causation. We argue that the comparison of model‐based predictions with observations is a key step in hypothetico‐deductive (H‐D) science and remains a valid approach for assessing causation. We draw a distinction between two approaches to inference based on predictive modeling. The first approach is not guided by causal hypotheses and focuses on the relationship between a (typically) single response variable and a potentially large number of covariates. We agree that this approach does not yield useful inferences about causation and is primarily useful for hypothesis generation. The second approach follows a H‐D framework and is guided by specific hypotheses about causal relationships. We believe that this has been, and continues to be, a useful approach to causal inference. Here, we first define different kinds of causation, arguing that a “probability‐raisers‐of‐processes” definition is especially appropriate for many ecological systems. We outline different scientific “designs” for generating the observations used to investigate causation. We briefly outline some relevant components of the SCM and H‐D approaches to investigating causation, emphasizing a H‐D approach that focuses on modeling causal effects on vital rate (e.g., rates of survival, recruitment, local extinction, colonization) parameters underlying system dynamics. We consider criticisms of predictive modeling leveled by some SCM proponents and provide two example analyses of ecological systems that use predictive modeling and avoid these criticisms. We conclude that predictive models have been, and can continue to be, useful for providing inferences about causation.
Low‐Carbon Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Based on the Master–Slave Game
Authors: Li Songda , Wang Xinmei , Tan Xuying , Li Lei , Zhao Yi , Yu Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the integration of distributed power generation into the grid, the economic incentive trading market mechanism becomes an effective method to promote carbon emission reduction in microgrids. In this paper, the carbon flow of the integrated energy system is calculated, the carbon emission model and the carbon flow tracing model of the integrated energy system are established, and the optimization model aiming at low‐carbon operation of the integrated energy system is constructed based on the master–slave game model. For the user side of the energy system, the dynamic carbon price and electricity price established by the model play a good role in peaking and valley filling for the load part, improving the operation stability of the power system, realizing the optimal scheduling of the power grid system under the background of electric‐carbon coupling trading, and encouraging each microgrid entity to participate in the electric‐carbon coupling trading actively. The calculation results show that electric‐carbon coupling trading facilitates the flexible operation of power grid systems and improves economic benefits. When combined with carbon emission flow in operation, it can promote the low‐carbon and clean power system, encourage distributed renewable resources to connect to the power grid, reduce the carbon content of the power system, enable users to actively participate in low‐carbon demand response, and promote the effective carbon emission reduction of a multi‐microgrid system.
An Intelligent Frequency Control Scheme for Inverting Station in High Voltage Direct Current Transmission System
Authors: Saleem  , Raza Muhammad Amir , Umer Syed Waqar , Faheem Muhammad , Jumani Touqeer Ahmed , Yameen Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPower system stability is crucial for the reliable and efficient operation of electrical grids. One of the key factors affecting power system stability is the frequency of the alternating current (AC) system while connected with High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system. Changes in load demand can lead to frequency deviations, which can have detrimental effects on the stability and performance of the power system. Frequency should therefore be controlled within predefined limits in order to prevent unexpected disturbances that may cause problems to connected loads or even cause the entire system to fail. A broad simulation model of the HVDC transmission system is developed using MATLAB software to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers such as Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and optimization of Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controller using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based control strategy for addressing the frequency instability problems. To assess how well the ANFIS, ANN, and PID‐PSO controller controls frequency in HVDC transmission system, several situations were simulated, including load disturbances and changes in operational circumstances. The result reveals that the ANN controller performs more accurate results in HVDC transmission system than the other proposed control and, displaying its capacity to successfully reduce frequency deviations and maintained a controlled frequency 50 Hz. Adopted method suggested the easy integration of HVDC with AC grid and enhances the system power quality and stability.