bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contradictory Effect of Lymphocyte Therapy and Prednisolone Therapy on CD3+CD8+CD56+ Natural Killer T Population in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Rezayat Fatemeh , Esmaeil Nafiseh , Rezaei Abbas , Sherkat Roya 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are influential immune cells in pregnancy failures, including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Different approaches are used for these disorders due to their effects on maternal immunomodulation.

Aims:
In the present study, we compared the effects of two typical immunotherapies (lymphocyte immunotherapy [LIT] and low-dose prednisolone) on CD3+CD56+CD16+ and CD3+CD56+CD8+ cells as two distinct subsets of NKT cells in Women with RSA.

Settings and Design:
This study was a comparative cohort study conducted from 2021 to 2022. One hundred and five women with RSA were distributed into three treatment groups randomly.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty women in the group of low-dose prednisolone therapy, fifty women in the LIT group and five women without any treatment as the control group were included in the study. NK and NKT cell subsets were assessed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, the concentration of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was measured quantitatively using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Normality and comparisons between study groups were performed by non-parametric unpaired Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test, and one-way ANOVA.

Results:
The percentage of CD56dim NK cells was increased after prednisolone therapy, while this population significantly decreased in the LIT group. In contrast to the LIT group, the administration of prednisolone increased CD3+CD8+CD56+ NKT cells (P < 0.0001), which is helpful for pregnancy. The effect of the investigated treatment approaches on the population of peripheral CD3+CD56+CD16+ NKT cells of women with RSA was not adequately significant. The same situation was also observed regarding the serum level of IFN-γ. However, a significant decrease in serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β was observed after prednisolone therapy.

Conclusion:
The lower capability of LIT in changing the population of NKT cells compared to prednisolone therapy may be due to its mechanism of action, which is related to the production of blocking antibodies. These treatment approaches had different effects on NKT cells, indicating that NKT cell population and function can be affected using LIT and prednisolone therapy distinctly. In addition, prednisolone therapy and LIT in women with normal serum levels of IFN-γ have no harmful effects in changing the production of this critical cytokine.
The COVID-19 pandemic and orthodontic practice in Nigeria
Authors: Isiekwe Ikenna Gerald , Adeyemi Emmanuel Tope , Aikins Elfleda Angelina , Umeh Onyinye Dorothy 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and awareness of orthodontists and orthodontic residents in Nigeria about the COVID-19 pandemic and the appropriate infection control measures required to mitigate its spread in orthodontic practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a cross-sectional descriptive study of orthodontists and orthodontic residents. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. Data collection was via an online questionnaire designed using Google forms and these were sent to the phone numbers of study participants. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.

RESULTS:
A total of 73 respondents with a mean age of 43.41 ± 9.21 years participated in the study. About 90% of the respondents had a very good knowledge of COVID-19, including its etiology, modes of transmission, signs, and symptoms. However, very few respondents were aware of the less common symptoms such as skin rash (16.4%) and red eyes (26%). Over 80% of the respondents knew the appropriate measures to take to prevent the spread of the virus in the dental clinic, in addition to the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to use.

CONCLUSION:
The respondents had a very good knowledge of the basic epidemiology of COVID-19 and the means of prevention of its transmission in the dental clinic. However, there was limited knowledge of the less common symptoms of the infection. In addition, majority of the respondents had a very good idea of the appropriate PPE to be used.
A new guide using CBCT to identify the severity of maxillary canine impaction and predict the best method of intervention
Authors: Alhummayani Fadia M. , Mustafa Zeinab A. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to test the intra and inter-rater reliability, reproducibility, and validity of a new guide called the “Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Maxillary Canine Impaction (CBCT-MCI),” designed to assess the position, severity, and predictability of the maxillary canine impaction (MCI) treatment intervention using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study is a retrospective radiographic review of 44 patients with unilateral or bilateral MCI. A total of 56 maxillary impacted canines’ CBCT radiographs were analyzed using the new CBCT-MCI guide, with each of its 10 items scored. The total scores of the 10 items were then compared to a scale to predict the best treatment intervention of MCI: normal spontaneous eruption, surgical-orthodontic traction, or surgical extraction. Radiologists and orthodontists have developed, tested, and retested the CBCT-MCI guide on the same 56 maxillary impacted canines using CBCT radiographs to check its reliability and reproducibility using the Kappa coefficient. Furthermore, the validity of this guide was tested by comparing the predicted best treatment intervention with the actual treatment administered to the assessed impacted maxillary canine using the Kappa coefficient and percentage of agreement using cross-tabulation.

RESULTS:
The result of this study showed significantly strong Kappa values of intra-rater agreement (k = 0.91, (P < 0.0001) and inter-rater agreement (k = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, testing the relationship between the two MCI treatment interventions using cross-tabulation, the agreement percentages between the predicated and actual treatment plans of the assessed MCI ranged between 70% and 95.5% with a significantly strong Kappa value (k = 0.82, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that the CBCT-MCI guide is capable of producing accurate, reliable, and reproducible results in assessing and predicting the type of orthodontic treatment intervention of MCI in a simple, quick, and efficient way.
Certificate Management Application
Authors: Marquez Antonio Flores , Goetz Jozef 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the paper is to show how to expand the low code interactive framework in order to develop a web app for the broad needs of different fields. The goal of this work is to give a chance to computer science senior project students to work on a broad spectrum of projects using Apache, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL. In this paper, the web app keeps track of recipients of computer science certificates. The web application is interactive, responsive, secured, password and database driven app. The web app uses a MYSQL database on the web server-side to record concentration, courses, and certificates. Admins and users with proper permissions can add, delete, view, and edit recipients, categories, certificates, and courses based on a level of permission. Admins with full permissions can edit permissions for other registered accounts. They have access to the Manage Categories, Manage Certificates, Manage Courses, Manage Recipients, and Manage Users pages depending on their permissions. The web app is accessible on all devices and is designed to be mobile as well. In conclusion, the project has been successfully designed and implemented according to best practices and finally tested on a web hosting server provider.
Water Distribution System Management in District Metered Area (DMA) Kalipuro 5
Authors: Mahardini Irma Rahmania , Tangahu Bieby Voijant 
Published: October 2023

Water supply system is an important infrastructure that needs improvement in water distribution networks efficiency, along with energy consumption and water losses. DMA Kalipuro 5 is formed to improve the management of water distribution system by monitoring the water flows into the district. This program is supported by pressure management, repairs, active leakage control, and asset management. Water balance is the first step to reduce the water losses. From the water balance of DMA Kalipuro 5 calculated in January and September 2022, the percentage of water losses decreases 7,02%, from 62,55% to 55,53%. The percentage of physical water losses also decreases 7,06%, from 62,32% to 55,26%. Pressure management is conducted in order to reduce the physical water losses by installing pressure reducing valve (PRV). From the simulation of existing water distribution network, installing PRV can reduce the highest pressure from 108,82 meters to 58,42 meters.
SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SKILLS IN STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN CAN THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Bich , Y Huynh Nhu , Ngan Dang Tran Kim , Tai Nguyen Huu 
Published: October 2023

Based on an overview of domestic and foreign research related to the research field of the topic; the research of the topic has determined the urgency of the topic, research objectives, research objects and scope, research hypotheses, research tasks, and methods. The research on the topic has systematized the theoretical basis for the concept and manifestation of social-emotional skills in student learning: generalizing the picture of the current situation of recognizing the importance of social-emotional skills in student learning, the level of assessment of the manifestation and educational measures of social-emotional skills in learning, and finding out the factors that affect social emotions in student learning such as from the external environment, at school, family and external social relationships. Factors from the internal environment are the self-awareness of each student. From the current situation of the problem, the study has proposed educational measures for 504 students from 8 schools and colleges in Can Tho University (CTU), Vietnam. Some measures were to educate social-emotional skills for students through soft skills topics, teach soft skills to students through extracurricular activities, and soft skills education for students through integrated teaching.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0015/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TEACHERS CONFIDENCE OF CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT PRACTICES: A CASE OF BASIC SCHOOLS IN UPPER DENKYIRA WEST DISTRICT, GHANA
Authors: Oppong Samuel , Nugba Regina Mawusi , Asamoah Eugene , Quansah Nathaniel , Ankoma-Sey Vera Rosemary 
Published: October 2023

Teachers' confidence in classroom activities has been a major concern for educators and major stakeholders in Ghana. However, the literature suggests that showing higher confidence in classroom practices positively impact students learning outcome. The specific purposes of the study were to determine whether teachers are confident in (1) monitoring, analysing, and communicating assessment results and (2) assessment, design, implementation, and feedback. The study also sought to find out whether gender plays a role in teachers’ confidence in classroom assessment practices. A descriptive research design was adopted for the conduct of the study. The population for this study comprised all public basic schools in the Upper Denkyira West District. The purposive Sampling technique was used to select 137 out of 187 Lower Primary School Teachers (Basic 1-3). A standardised inventory called “Classroom Assessment Inventory” developed and validated by Christopher DeLuca, Danielle LaPointe-McEwan, and Ulemu Luhangain in 2016 was adopted for this study. It was found that primary school teachers were generally more optimistic about their ability to put the various classroom assessments into practice in the classroom. Overall, the study found that teachers have a higher level of confidence in their assessment practices in the classroom. It was also revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between confidence in classroom assessment and the gender of teachers. It was recommended that Ghana Education Service through District Directors of Education should organize in-service training and workshops for all teachers to partake in irrespective of their gender.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0011/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
METAPHORICAL INSIGHTS: PHRASAL VERB KNOWLEDGE GAINS IN THE LIGHT OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR THEORY
Authors: Kalay Dilsah , Keçik İlknur 
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of this research is twofold: first, to elucidate the explicit teaching of phrasal verb constructions within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory, with a specific focus on the metaphorical aspects of particle usage, and second, to examine the correlation between such explicit instruction in phrasal verbs and the gains in implicit knowledge of these verb forms. This study employed a within-group pretest/posttest design as part of an experimental investigation involving 60 Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners who were students at the School of Foreign Languages (SFL) at a state university in Turkey. The research was analyzed across three dimensions: the achievement and retention of both receptive and productive knowledge of phrasal verbs, subconscious recognition and processing of lexical items, and the processing of phrasal verb meanings in a semantic context. To assess the first dimension, a multiple-choice test to gauge the students' receptive understanding of phrasal verbs and a c-test to measure their controlled productive knowledge of these verb forms were administered at three points: the initial pretest, an immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest. A masked repetition priming lexical decision task was utilized to investigate the subconscious recognition and processing of lexical items. Additionally, a self-paced task was employed to scrutinize the participants' semantic processing of phrasal verb meanings. The study's findings revealed that the explicit presentation of phrasal verb knowledge within the conceptual metaphor framework significantly impacts not only the acquisition and retention of receptive and productive knowledge but also the subconscious recognition and processing of lexical items, as well as the semantic priming of phrasal verb meanings, which substantiates the influential role of conceptual metaphors in the lexical aspects of language learning.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0010/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE VISION OF RICH DEATH IN JOHN KEATS’S “ODE TO A NIGHTINGALE”: AN AUROBINDONEAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kumar Nikhil 
Published: October 2023

John Keats’s vision of rich death while listening to the melodious voice of Nightingale, the manifestation of the Immortal on the earth, takes one beyond the plane of corporeality of the terrestrial existence. One comes to the plane of death-birth continuum, and, consequently, discovers a supra-earthly, nay, spiritual truth, the plane which earlier comes into the vision of the ancient Rishis of India. The richness of death which comes into the vision of Keats is revealed when we explore death in the light of the yogic discovery of Sri Aurobindo, a literary luminary of the 19th-20th century of India of, what he calls, ‘Psychic Being’, a flame of the Divine Self in the being of man. Sri Aurobindo discovers that the psychic being is instrumental in the evolution of consciousness to its spiritual and supramental planes in the death-birth phenomenon as it gathers the spiritual experiences of man’s life and, accordingly, lays foundation of his higher spiritual life to come in his next birth. Being immortal, it carries the foundation in the next birth of man. He also discovers that the foundation is laid at the time of the physical death of man. Such death, therefore, comes to be rich.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0011/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFFECTS OF MONDIA WHITEI ON THE TEAR FUNCTION OF RABBIT EYES
Authors: Mwangi Monicah Wanjiru , Maina Sheilah Nangena 
Published: October 2023

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Dry eye is a serious problem affecting up to 20% of the world’s population. <em>Mondia whitei</em>’s rich androgenic properties create an interest in research focused on its efficacy as an alternative and complementary therapy for the treatment and control of the symptoms of dry eye-related diseases associated with androgen deficiency. <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of <em>M. whitei</em> on the quality and quantity of tears in rabbit eyes.<strong> Setting: </strong>This study was carried out at the animal house at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The study adopted an experimental study design with 16 New Zealand rabbits. A simple random sampling technique was used to place the rabbits into 4 groups, each group with 4 rabbits. They were tested for tear function to establish a baseline before administration of Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC) (to induce dry eye) and <em>M. whitei</em> extract. Schirmer’s test and fluorescein staining were conducted to observe the tear quantity and quality over a period of 6 days after treatment. The data collected was then cleaned and analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> The researchers found that the average mean during baseline tear quantity measurement for the groups was 26.5mm, during instilling of BAC the mean dropped to 24.0mm and when <em>M. whitei</em> was administered the mean rose to 27.94mm, indicating that <em>M. whitei</em> greatly improved tear quantity. During baseline tear quality assessment, the average mean for the groups was 0.00 which dropped to 0.94 showing mild staining and when <em>M. whitei</em> was administered dropped further to 1.67 indicating that <em>M. whitei</em> did not improve the tear quality. <strong>Conclusion and Recommendations:</strong> The researchers recommended that more research be done on <em>M. whitei </em>with fewer limitations such as time, to ascertain its effectiveness on tear quality and quantity.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0065/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
YOUTH EDUCATION AND ORIENTATION TOWARD HO CHI MINH'S IDEOLOGY IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT
Authors: Phuc Nguyen Thi , Vi Dang Thi Hong , Trinh Trieu Thi 
Published: October 2023

<p>During his time, Former President Ho Chi Minh had consistently emphasized the central role, position, and competence of the young generation in realizing the Party and the people's revolutionary path. He believed, “<em>The youth are the future owners of the home country. Indeed, the vitality of the home country, whether it is prosperous or wilting, depends largely on the youth</em>.” Before passing, his words had become the guiding principle for leaders of the Communist Party of Vietnam, “<em>Nurturing future revolutionary generations is of utmost importance and necessity</em>.” Especially, given that the functioning of the current market economy has revealed its multiple drawbacks, it is salient to educate and orient the youth following Ho Chi Minh's ideology to produce a young generation that is moral in ethics and efficient in labour.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0077/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
From Conflict to Peace? Stateness Assessment of the South Caucasus countries at the crossroads of political processes from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Manukyan Violetta 
Published: October 2023

The article reflects on the sustainability and security perspectives of the South Caucasus region. While discovering the different approaches to the notion of “stateness” and its assessment methodologies, the article brings up the problems of insufficient clarification of the concept, the need for further work on its conceptual and functional formulations. As the assessment also covers the non-recognized states, the peculiarities, difficulties and possibilities of stateness assessment of non-recognized states are revealed. The article proposes a definition of stateness and an integral model for stateness assessment, which would make it possible to carry out the stateness assessment of both recognized and non-recognized states within the framework of one model. With the help of the developed ‘Peace Index’, the article comprehensively assesses the levels of stateness of the three recognized: Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan; and the three non-recognized states of the South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia through all four fields of stateness – political, economic, social and security for the years of 2017 to 2022. On the basis of the carried-out assessment, the article articulates policy recommendations for the South Caucasus countries and the region as a whole - guiding how to handle the current delicate situation in this strategically and geopolitically important region. The article suggests a) an immediate regional integration, b) economic cooperation as a key for conflict resolution, c) change of peace mediation format, d) support to the reconsideration of government-civil society relations format, making the civil societies of the South Caucasus states the inner constant peace-demanders and development-forcers - as the package-wise steps to transfer the South Caucasus region from conflict to peace.