bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copolymerization of ethylene with polar styrene monomers catalyzed by phosphino‐dihydronaphtholate neutral nickel catalysts
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Xu‐ling , Pan Li , Mao Xiao‐hui , Wu Hao‐yang , Li Yue‐sheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe physical properties of traditional polyolefin materials can be significantly improved by introducing polar groups, especially polar aromatic groups. However, it remains a major challenge to realize the highly effective copolymerization of ethylene with styrene derivatives. In this study, the direct copolymerization of ethylene with various polar styrene monomers bearing functional groups (o‐OMe, m‐OMe, p‐OMe, o‐Cl, m‐Cl, p‐ClSt, o‐F, o‐Br, p‐Me, p‐Ph, p‐Vinyl, p‐COOH, and C6F5) was achieved using phosphino‐dihydronaphtholate neutral nickel catalysts Ni1‐Ni3. Additionally, the catalytic behavior and the applicability of the polar monomer were evaluated in detail by copolymerization results. Catalysts Ni1‐Ni3 demonstrated inactivity towards the polymerization of polar styrene monomers but exhibited moderate catalytic activities in the copolymerization of ethylene with polar styrene monomers, yielding moderate‐molecular‐weight (Mw > 10 kDa) copolymers with the polar monomer contents ranging from 1.32 to 4.16 mol%. The steric and electronic effects of the substituent depending on the types and position in the phenyl ring considerably influenced the copolymerization behavior. Furthermore, comprehensive NMR analyses of the produced copolymers revealed that the polar monomers formed in‐chain insertions, saturated chain ends, and unsaturated chain ends after incorporation.
Improved tracheostomy‐dependent patient outcomes after implementation of the Pediatric Resident Education in Pulmonary (PREP) Boot Camp
Authors: Khan Erin K. , Lockspeiser Tai M. , Meier Maxene , Liptzin Deborah R. , Baker Christopher D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionChildren with tracheostomies are high risk for morbidity and mortality. Pediatric resident physicians are not routinely taught skills to care for this vulnerable patient population. Few reports link educational interventions to improved patient outcomes. This study evaluates the impact of an intensive educational training program on pediatric residents' observed skills and tracheostomy‐dependent patient outcomes.MethodsPediatric post‐graduate year 2 (PGY2) resident physicians rotating through the inpatient pediatric pulmonology month at Children's Hospital Colorado July 2018–2019 participated in the Pediatric Resident Education in Pulmonary (PREP) Boot Camp, an intensive educational program with an interactive lecture and simulation experience on patients with tracheostomy‐dependence. PGY2s who partook in PREP and PGY3s who rotated before PREP initiation were invited to be studied. Primary outcomes included: (1) resident skills assessed by direct observation during simulation encounters and (2) rates of intensive care unit (ICU) transfers in tracheostomy‐dependent patients following acute events before and after introduction of PREP. We hypothesized that increased education would enhance resident skills and improve patient outcomes by decreasing the rate of ICU transfers.ResultsPGY2 residents retained skills learned during PREP up to 11 months following initial participation, and significantly outperformed their PGY3 counterparts. There was a significant decrease in ICU transfer rate in patients with tracheostomies admitted to the pulmonary team during the 19 months following initiation of PREP.ConclusionsEnhanced early education may improve resident physicians' ability to care for complex patients with tracheostomies and could improve outcomes in this high‐risk population.
Diatomaceous earth as insecticide: physiological and morphological evidence of its underlying mechanism
Authors: Romei Francisco , Schilman Pablo E 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat grain containers or silos can be perfect habitats for insects, which generate large economic losses to grain production. Natural alternatives to synthetic insecticides have grown in popularity because of health, economic and ecological issues. Diatomaceous earth is a natural compound that has an insecticide effect by enhancing an insect's dehydration with no toxicity on mammals including humans. The aim of this study is to confirm the effect of diatomaceous earth as an insecticide for the wheat grain pest, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and demonstrate its underlying mechanisms as an insecticide by open‐flow respirometry and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTSSurvival bioassays of T. castaneum revealed a dose‐dependent insecticide effect of diatomaceous earth. Gravimetric measurements showed that 2 days exposure to diatomaceous earth produces a significant increase of mass loss. Open‐flow respirometry measurements showed an increase of total water emission rate on insects due to an increase of both, respiratory and cuticular water loss. Our study revealed that diatomaceous earth produces an increase of insect's cuticle permeability, which is responsible for elevated cuticular water loss. Scanning electron microscopy images provided visual evidence of the lipid absorbent properties of diatomaceous earth particles, and showed a tendency for higher, although not significant, damaged area of the cuticle's surface from diatomaceous earth treated insects compared to control ones.CONCLUSIONWith state‐of‐the art techniques like open‐flow respirometry and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the underlying mechanism of diatomaceous earth as an insecticide and provided new cues for understanding the properties of the cuticle and its ecological importance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Introducing large‐scale analysis constraints in regional hybrid EnVar data assimilation for the prediction of triple typhoons
Authors: Wang Yuanbing , Qian Xinyao , Chen Yaodeng , Min Jinzhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale environment fields play an important role in the accurate prediction of typhoons. However, regional predictions for typhoons often suffer from inadequate representation of large‐scale flow pattern such as those from global models due to limited domain size and observations employed in regional models, especially when multiple typhoons that interact concurrently occur in a regional domain. This study merges the large‐scale information from global model forecasts with the mesoscale information from regional model forecasts in the hybrid ensemble‐variational (EnVar) data assimilation by adding an analysis constraint in the EnVar cost function, which is defined by the departure of the regional model EnVar analysis from the global model fields and takes advantage of flow‐dependent ensemble background error covariance for the introduction of large scales using data assimilation. The EnVar assimilation impacts of the large‐scale fields on predictions of triple typhoons are assessed by conducting cycling assimilation and forecast experiments for a 13‐day‐long period in July 2015 when three typhoons concurrently occurred. Results show that the large‐scale constraint for EnVar can clearly improve the triple‐typhoons' track and intensity forecasts of the regional model. The large‐scale information introduced by the proposed method is also shown to reduce forecast errors of wind, temperature and humidity, respectively. Predictions of the rainfall caused by typhoons are also ameliorated. Besides, the analysis‐constrained regional predictions provide better model dynamic fields in terms of sea surface pressure, geopotential height, and water vapor transport, as well as developed typhoon structures. In addition, the adaptive bias correction for radiance assimilation presents a stable performance under the influence of introducing extra background large‐scale fields. The results indicate that the large‐scale analysis constraint introduced in the hybrid EnVar takes advantages of the multiscale information from the global model and the regional model respectively, thus improving the final results of the predictions of multiple typhoons.
Misalignment between the propagation direction of the bora wind and its pulsations
Authors: Golem Petar , Večenaj Željko , Kozmar Hrvoje , Grisogono Branko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe bora is a well‐known downslope windstorm that blows at the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea from inland towards the sea, mainly from the northeasterly direction. One of the notable bora characteristics is the quasi‐periodic gust pulsations. We address their characteristics during strong to severe bora events by applying rotational spectral analysis on 9 months of continuous high‐frequency sonic anemometer measurements in the town of Senj, Croatia. The analysis shows that the orientation of the pulsations' plane of oscillation does not correspond to the measured near‐ground wind direction. In particular, these two directions seem to be negatively correlated. Although the structure of the pulsations is mostly rectilinear, the positive rotational component was larger than the negative one in all except one bora event. The coincidence of the wind shear direction within the lee‐side jet with the orientation of the plane of oscillation leads to a tentative conclusion that its orientation was governed by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, at least in the cases presented.
Promoting public health equity through strategic information campaigns on social media during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An analysis of pandemic health information campaigns on Twitter in Houston, Texas
Authors: Page‐Tan Courtney , Hope Sara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThroughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, reports have indicated vulnerable communities have suffered disproportionately from chronic illness, higher death rates, and unequal access to healthcare. This calls into question the equity of the nationwide vaccination program launched in the United States in 2021, a program with the potential to mitigate the disproportionate burden of the pandemic in these communities. This study investigates the extent to which local government agencies, elected officials, and community‐based organizations (CBOs) engaged in equitable information campaigns during the COVID‐19 pandemic to address health barriers common in vulnerable communities, including issues of access, fear, and language barriers. Using a sui generis data set of COVID‐19 testing and vaccine‐related Twitter posts from local government agencies, elected officials, and CBOs from Houston, Texas, we find that local government agencies were more likely than elected officials and CBOs to engage in equitable information campaigns and that among elected officials, Democrats were more likely than Republicans to engage in equitable messaging. These findings have important implications for communication strategies such as targeted and culturally sensitive messaging. These findings also signal an opportunity for elected officials and CBOs to engage further with their constituents and social networks to share public health information on their public communication platforms.
Tree species diversity mapping from spaceborne optical images: The effects of spectral and spatial resolution
Authors: Liu Xiang , Frey Julian , Munteanu Catalina , Denter Martin , Koch Barbara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIncreasingly available spaceborne sensors provide unprecedented opportunities for large‐scale, timely and continuous tree species diversity (TSD) monitoring. However, given differences in spectral and spatial resolutions, the choice of sensor is not always straightforward. In this work, we investigated the effects of spatial and spectral resolutions for four spaceborne sensors (RapidEye, Landsat‐8, Sentinel‐2 and PlanetScope) on TSD mapping in an area of approximately 4000 km2 within the Black Forest, Germany. We employed a random forest (RF) regression model to predict Shannon–Wiener diversity based on seven types of spectral heterogeneity metrics (texture, coefficient of variation, Rao's Q, convex hull volume, spectral angle mapper, convex hull area and spectral species diversity) and a full survey dataset from 135 one‐ha sample plots. We compared the RF model's performance across sensors and spatial resolutions. Our results demonstrated that the Sentinel‐2‐based TSD model achieved the highest accuracy (mean R2: 0.477, mean root‐mean‐square error (RMSE): 0.274). The RapidEye‐based TSD model produced lower accuracy (mean R2: 0.346, mean RMSE: 0.303), but it was better than the PlanetScope‐ and Landsat‐based TSD models. The 10 m (for Sentinel‐2 and RapidEye) and 15 m (for PlanetScope) were the best spatial resolutions for predicting TSD. The NIR band was the most favourable spectral band for predicting TSD. Texture metrics and Rao's Q outperformed the other spectral heterogeneity metrics. Our results highlighted that spaceborne optical imagery (especially Sentinel‐2) can be successfully used for large‐scale TSD mapping but that the choice of sensors can significantly affect the resulting mapping accuracy in temperate montane forests.
Farm‐level variability in soil biological health indicators in Michigan is dependent on management and soil properties
Authors: Agyei Benjamin , Sprunger Christine D. , Anderson Eric , Curell Christina , Singh Maninder Pal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoil biology is vital for maintaining productivity, enhancing soil health, and creating resilient agroecosystems. However, many questions remain on how microbial communities are impacted by different soil properties and management practices, especially on grower‐managed fields. This study examined soil biological health properties (0–15 cm) and field history data from 310 grower‐managed fields within Michigan between Fall 2019 and Spring 2021. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of soil texture, tillage, and crop diversity on microbial populations and examine the relationship between soil health indicators and microbial community. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used to estimate total microbial abundance and composition of broad taxonomic groups like bacteria, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, actinomycetes, and eukaryotes. Other soil health indicators measured were organic carbon, permanganate oxidizable carbon, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and water‐stable aggregation. Soil texture did not significantly influence microbial community except for actinomycetes, which were significantly higher in fine‐textured soils. Tillage had the largest influence on microbial communities, with significantly lower values for all microbes in tilled compared to no‐till fields. Crop diversity had a minimal impact, affecting only arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and eukaryote populations. All measured soil health indicators were positively associated with microbial populations except for phosphorous, which had a negative correlation (r = −0.56 to −0.66). Overall, we conclude that tillage is the dominant driver of soil biological health on grower‐managed fields across Michigan. Consequently, adoption of no‐till management practices where possible can help restore soil health and long‐term sustainability in agroecosystems.
Color‐Tunable Perovskite Nanomaterials with Intense Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Tailorable Compositions
Authors: Lu Rong , Wen Zhuangchuan , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Yang , Wang Huihui , Jin Huile , Zhang Lijie , Chen Yihuang , Wang Shun , Pan Shuang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability to design halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) offers exceptional potential in photonic technologies. Despite recent inspiring advances, the creation of PNCs with full‐color tailorablity, outstanding CPL, and long‐term stability remains a substantial challenge. Herein, a robust strategy to craft CPL‐active PNCs is reported, exhibiting appealing full‐color tunable wavelengths, enhanced CPL, and prolonged stability. In contrast to conventional methodologies, this strategy utilizes chiral nematic mesoporous silica (CNMS) as host to render in situ confined growth of diverse achiral PNCs. By strategically engineering photonic bandgap, adjusting loading amount of PNCs, and manipulating cations/anion compositions of PNCs, robust CPL responses with tunable wavelength and intensity are successfully obtained. The resulting PNCs‐CNMS achieves stable CPL emissions with full‐color tunability and impressive luminescent dissymmetric factors up to −0.17. Remarkably, silica‐based hosts as a protective barrier confer exceptional resistance to humidity, photodegradation, and thermal stability, even up to 95 °C. Furthermore, the ability to achieve reversible CPL switching within PNCs‐CNMS is attainable by leveraging the responsiveness of CNMS matrix or dynamic behavior of impregnated PNCs. Additionally, circularly polarized light‐emitting diode devices based on PNCs‐CNMS can be conveniently fabricated. This research affords a powerful platform for designing functional chiroptical materials.
Ultralight and Robust Covalent Organic Framework Fiber Aerogels
Authors: Xiao Chengming , Yao Yiyuan , Guo Xin , Qi Junwen , Zhu Zhigao , Zhou Yujun , Yang Yue , Li Jiansheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractShaping covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into macroscopic objects with robust mechanical properties and hierarchically porous structure is of great significance for practical applications but remains formidable and challenging. Herein, a general and scalable protocol is reported to prepare ultralight and robust pure COF fiber aerogels (FAGs), based on the epitaxial growth synergistic assembly (EGSA) strategy. Specifically, intertwined COF nanofibers (100–200 nm) are grown in situ on electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microfibers (≈1.7 µm) containing urea‐based linkers, followed by PAN removal via solvent extraction to obtain the hollow COF microfibers. The resultant COF FAGs possess ultralow density (14.1–15.5 mg cm−3) and hierarchical porosity that features both micro‐, meso‐, and macropores. Significantly, the unique interconnected structure composed of nanofibers and hollow microfibers endows the COF FAGs with unprecedented mechanical properties, which can fully recover at 50% strain and be compressed for 20 cycles with less than 5% stress degradation. Moreover, the aerogels exhibit excellent capacity for organic solvent absorption (e.g., chloroform uptake of >90 g g−1). This study opens new avenues for the design and fabrication of macroscopic COFs with excellent properties.
Determination of a novel anti‐influenza pinanamine‐based analog in rat plasma by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and its application in pharmacokinetic evaluations
Authors: Lin Xiaoying , Zhao Xin , Yang Bin , Huang Yinxuan , Zhang Ruiwen , Li Manna , Xiao Mengjie , Xie Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA pinanamine‐based analog, (1R,2R,3R,5S)‐N‐((3‐cyclopropylthiophen‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan‐3‐amine (M090) was synthesized and demonstrated with anti‐influenza activity to overcome the multi‐drug resistance. Herein, a rapid and robust liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to quantify M090 in rat plasma. With simple protein precipitation by methanol, the separation of M090 was performed on a Waters BEH‐C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) by gradient elution at 0.4 mL/min with mobile phases consisting of water containing 0.1 % formic acid (phase A) and methanol (phase B). M090 and clenbuterol (internal standard) were detected using multiple reaction monitoring in positive electrospray ionization mode with transitions of m/z 290.3→137.0 and m/z 277.0→203.0, respectively. The method was validated over a linear range of 1.0–2400 ng/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.9974 and no endogenous interference. The intra‐ and inter‐batch precisions were within 8.29% and accuracy ranged from 100.3% to 108.1% for M090. The validated method was utilized to evaluate the in vitro metabolic stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics of M090 in rats.
Review of water scarcity assessments: Highlights of Mexico's water situation
Authors: Pacheco‐Treviño Silvana , Manzano‐Camarillo Mario Guadalupe Francisco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article examines the situation of water scarcity and security in Mexico, with a focus on the drinking water supply issue in rural communities and the challenges posed by assessment methodologies. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to update the available information on the water crisis in Mexico and its impact on rural communities in the country, as well as the methodologies employed to assess water security and the methodological challenges associated with them. Among the most noteworthy findings is the persistent challenge in evaluating water scarcity and its implications for communities, due to the lack of consensus on the most precise methodology. Nevertheless, current methodological approaches suggest the integration of physical models with pertinent social, economic, and political data. The literature broadly agrees on the severity of the water scarcity crisis and the clear link between rural poverty and inadequate access to drinking water. Water scarcity is both a contributing factor to and a consequence of poverty, stemming from a complex interplay of socioeconomic pressures, inadequate institutional responses, and deficient water management. The paper concludes that water scarcity involves intricate interactions among various factors, encompassing physical water scarcity, pollution, and the impacts of climate change on the water cycle, and most critically, the complexities inherent in water management and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, the integration of well‐informed policies, effective management practices, and collaborative efforts is crucial for ensuring a prosperous and sustainable future. Effective water management can effectively mitigate the challenges of water scarcity and alleviate poverty.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Human Water > Rights to Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
A review on computer model calibration
Authors: Sung Chih‐Li , Tuo Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractModel calibration is crucial for optimizing the performance of complex computer models across various disciplines. In the era of Industry 4.0, symbolizing rapid technological advancement through the integration of advanced digital technologies into industrial processes, model calibration plays a key role in advancing digital twin technology, ensuring alignment between digital representations and real‐world systems. This comprehensive review focuses on the Kennedy and O'Hagan (KOH) framework (Kennedy and O'Hagan, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B 2001; 63(3):425–464). In particular, we explore recent advancements addressing the challenges of the unidentifiability issue while accommodating model inadequacy within the KOH framework. In addition, we explore recent advancements in adapting the KOH framework to complex scenarios, including those involving multivariate outputs and functional calibration parameters. We also delve into experimental design strategies tailored to the unique demands of model calibration. By offering a comprehensive analysis of the KOH approach and its diverse applications, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to enhance the accuracy and reliability of their computer models.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Semiparametric ModelsStatistical Models > Simulation ModelsStatistical Models > Bayesian Models