bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dialogue, Debate, and Orality in Ralph Robinson’s Utopias
Authors: Cavanagh Dermot 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ralph Robinson produced the first English translation of Utopia in 1551; the work was revised and reissued in 1556. This chapter will consider the style and mode of these two versions of More’s text. It emphasizes that both author and translator were citizens of London and that the primary intention of Robinson’s resourceful use of tone and idiom is to make Utopia’s civic concerns accessible. It also proposes that the revised edition expands, rather than constrains, its commitment to promoting debate on ‘the beste state of a publyque weale’. Robinson’s translation is both a major contribution to the dissemination of Utopia and a forceful articulation of its public concerns.
From Humanism to Enlightenment
Authors: Verhaart Floris 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the translation of Utopia by Nicolas Gueudeville (1652–1721?) and first published by Pieter van der Aa (1659–1733) in 1715. Following a summary of Gueudeville’s life and work and a description of the relevant political and cultural context, the chapter analyses the structure, themes, and (stylistic) characteristics of the translation, as well as its reception among eighteenth-century readers. It demonstrates that Gueudeville’s interpretation of More’s masterpiece was strongly influenced by the translator’s own concerns and interests. Stylistically, the translation is characterized by digressions and a predilection for bringing out burlesque and humorous elements in More’s work. For Pieter van der Aa, the translation constituted a relatively low-cost investment that offered reliable returns and a means of more prestigious multi-volume publications, such as the Thesaurus antiquitatum romanarum (1694–9) and an edition of Erasmus’ Opera Omnia (1703–6). In short, Gueudeville’s translation of Utopia was a product of his Huguenot background and Dutch publishing culture and popularized More’s work for an eighteenth-century readership.
More and the Republics of Plato
Authors: Hobbs Angela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
More explicitly situates both Utopia and the Utopia it describes at least partly in relation to, and in playful competition with, Plato’s Republic. However, it is the main contention of this chapter that More’s knowledge of Greek, and understanding of Greek thought and methodologies, allows him to engage much more deeply with the Republic—and Plato’s corpus overall—than is immediately obvious from the surface resemblances, and that it richly repays the reader to consider afresh Plato’s not one but two imagined communities in the Republic, in order better to understand More’s own deliberately elliptical approach. Such a perspective enables the reader to see how the uses of serio-comedy and dialogue interconnect in Utopia to form an exploratory pedagogic work which is More’s deepest debt to Plato of all. Adapting Plato’s model, More converses with all those who have speculated and will continue to speculate on the nature of the ideally organized community, and the extent to which such communities either can or should be put into practice.
False Friends (and Their Uses)
Authors: Waithe Marcus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many Victorian commentators were led astray in imagining Thomas More’s Utopia to be a kind of manifesto, and they often neglected its ludic elements. In exploring such distortions, this chapter refers to the semantic trap known in language learning as ‘the false friend’ or faux ami, which applies when ‘a word or expression in one language [ … ] has the same or similar form in another’ (OED). Rather than conceive these effects as matters of error, the focus is on their productive consequences. The last decades of the century witnessed an unusual convergence of Radical, conservative, and socialist elements whose affinities and divergences depended on matters not just lost, but also gained, in this broader sense of ‘translation’. In surveying this terrain, the chapter devotes close attention to the critical, imaginative, and editorial contributions of John Ruskin, William Morris, and H. G. Wells.
Not Just a Light-Hearted Joke
Authors: Nethercott Frances 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter charts the sequence of Russian translations of Utopia from the late eighteenth century to Brezhnev’s ‘stagnation’ in the 1970s. The backstories to the translations (1789, 1901, 1903, 1935, 1978) are revelatory of the shifts in the broader sociopolitical climate and instructive as contextual frames for understanding More’s chequered reception in tsarist Russia and his importance after 1917. Among the key points of reference are the strengthening of absolute rule in response to revolutions in continental Europe (1789 and 1848), the emergence of a nativist socialism in the second half of the nineteenth century, and the introduction of Marxism thereafter. The later translations also spotlight issues related to scholarship, university politics, and, from around 1900, the ethos of mass education, a phenomenon which would anchor Bolshevik policy. Translated, then, for the masses, Utopia entered the Soviet canon, its legacy secured as a template for the workers’ liberation.
Utopia, the Imperial Settler Utopia, and Imperial Settler Science Fiction
Authors: Weaver-Hightower Rebecca , Bajaber Musab 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Utopia is groundbreaking because it established the notion of ‘imperial settler utopias’ that influence attempted and fantasized manifestations of utopianism. Unlike settler utopias that are isolated and focused on inward development, imperial settler utopias—whether real or fictional—are settler colonies so entranced by their own ideals that they envision themselves as predestined to be dominant on the merit of their superiority. The interaction between fictional and attempted imperial settler utopias is cyclical. More’s Utopia influenced the development of real-world imperial settler utopian colonies and in return these colonies, combined with the legacy of Utopia, contributed to the rise of literary genres that extrapolate on imperial settler colonialism. These rising literary genres, again, continue to feed fantasies of imperialism. This chapter illustrates this cyclical interaction by, first, examining More’s influence on the development of settler colonies that eventually made up the United States. Then, it explains how, in return, the United States’ imperial settler utopian foundations led to the development of science fiction that fantasizes expansion into space as exemplified in Star Trek. These science fiction fantasies, again, affect actual attempts to explore space. This cycle of influence is one of the best examples illustrating More’s remarkable influence on the direction of history and literature since the publication of Utopia.
Away from the Ancestral Home
Authors: Siebers Johan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ernst Bloch was credited by Adorno with having restored dignity to the idea of utopia in a century that saw modernity end in barbaric totalitarianism. In Bloch’s philosophy the sociopolitical origins of utopian thinking (Plato and especially More) form no more than the historically contingent starting point for an exploration of utopian motifs in all areas of human activity and even in the natural world. This chapter explores what happens to our conception of philosophy and philosophical method when we follow the expansive notion of utopia that animates Bloch’s work. The consequence is a radical reorientation in thought, which provides signposts for contemporary modes of thought that inherit and transform the cultural institution called ‘philosophy’. This chapter, therefore, is as much a study of the disruptive idea of utopia in modern philosophy as an exercise in utopian thinking.
‘Nothing is private anywhere’
Authors: Paul Joanne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to shed light on the central message of More’s Utopia by examining it within the context of More’s concerns throughout his literary career. It maintains that one of More’s fundamental recurring arguments is the moral priority of what is held in common, which he connects to concepts such as death, pride, and politics in a variety of his works, both from the period before he wrote Utopia and after. With this reading, the reader is able to see the same themes at work in Utopia and form a better understanding of More’s intentions in writing it. In Utopia, More creates a fantastic island that represents the eternal ideals that he sees in operation beneath the worldly ‘stage play’ of pride and socially constructed inequality, not as a prescriptive programme, but as a reminder. Utopia, by this reading, operates like the memento mori of More’s earlier works, and is broadly consistent with the message of his later religious polemics.
The Religions of the Utopians
Authors: Sacks David Harris 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In describing the diverse religions of the Utopians, Hythloday, More’s protagonist in Utopia, emphasized that in founding the island’s regime, Utopus had ‘prescribed that everyone may cultivate the religion of his choice’, and decreed against the use of coercion to impose religious uniformity. However, More’s later attacks on heretics as Lord Chancellor appear contrary to Utopian toleration. Did the Utopian rule ‘that no one should suffer for his religion’ represent More’s own view in 1516? Did he later change his mind? Or does Hythloday’s description already imply the existence of religious error among the Utopians and the possibility of sanctioning it? If the latter, on what grounds? This chapter, analysing More’s account of Utopian religions, reveals them to have been theologically flawed and sets strict limits to the toleration they could be afforded once Christianity was introduced among the Utopians.
Utopia and Travel Writing
Authors: Hadfield Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how More makes use of the debates generated by the European discovery of the ‘New World’ (as well as older debates about other cultures) to represent the Utopians’ understanding of their interaction with other peoples, in particular, their thinking about colonial expansion. Raphael’s voyages with Amerigo Vespucci are represented as part factual and part mythical, enabling More to represent Utopia as an island that is in part real, in part fictitious. More’s strategies and the purpose of his fiction are various. At times Utopia is represented as a particular place, specifically Ireland, the island colonized by the English crown. The Utopians are sometimes seen as very similar to the peoples of the Americas, notably in their religious beliefs, as they lack revelation; in others, they are seen as akin to Europeans, working hard to solve problems and plan for the future. In the famous passage on sheep More uses the Utopians’ diligence to satirize what he saw as the idleness of the upper classes and their complacent exploitation of the people they should govern well.
Heritable changes of epialleles near genes in maize can be triggered in the absence of CHH methylation
Authors: Liu Beibei , Yang Diya , Wang Dafang , Liang Chun , Wang Jianping , Lisch Damon , Zhao Meixia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Trans-chromosomal interactions resulting in changes in DNA methylation during hybridization have been observed in several plant species. However, little is known about the causes or consequences of these interactions. Here, we compared DNA methylomes of F1 hybrids that are mutant for a small RNA biogenesis gene, Mop1 (Mediator of paramutation1), with that of their parents, wild-type siblings, and backcrossed progeny in maize (Zea mays). Our data show that hybridization triggers global changes in both trans-chromosomal methylation (TCM) and trans-chromosomal demethylation (TCdM), most of which involved changes in CHH methylation. In more than 60% of these TCM differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in which small RNAs are available, no significant changes in the quantity of small RNAs were observed. Methylation at the CHH TCM DMRs was largely lost in the mop1 mutant, although the effects of this mutant varied depending on the location of these DMRs. Interestingly, an increase in CHH at TCM DMRs was associated with enhanced expression of a subset of highly expressed genes and suppressed expression of a small number of lowly expressed genes. Examination of the methylation levels in backcrossed plants demonstrates that both TCM and TCdM can be maintained in the subsequent generation, but that TCdM is more stable than TCM. Surprisingly, although increased CHH methylation in most TCM DMRs in F1 plants required Mop1, initiation of a new epigenetic state of these DMRs did not require a functional copy of this gene, suggesting that initiation of these changes is independent of RNA-directed DNA methylation.
Stiffness-induced cancer-associated fibroblasts are responsible for immunosuppression in a platelet-derived growth factor ligand-dependent manner
Authors: Gamradt Pia , Thierry Kevin , Masmoudi Melissa , Wu Zhichong , Hernandez-Vargas Hector , Bachy Sophie , Antonio Tiffanie , Savas Berkan , Hussain Zainab , Tomasini Richard , Milani Pascale , Bertolino Philippe , Hennino Ana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a vast stromal reaction that arises mainly from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and promotes both immune escape and tumor growth. Here, we used a mouse model with deletion of the activin A receptor ALK4 in the context of the KrasG12D mutation, which strongly drives collagen deposition that leads to tissue stiffness. By ligand–receptor analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we identified that, in stiff conditions, neoplastic ductal cells instructed CAFs through sustained platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. Tumor-associated tissue rigidity resulted in the emergence of stiffness-induced CAFs (siCAFs) in vitro and in vivo. Similar results were confirmed in human data. siCAFs were able to strongly inhibit CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, promoting local immunosuppression. More importantly, targeting PDGF signaling led to diminished siCAF and reduced tumor growth. Our data show for the first time that early paracrine signaling leads to profound changes in tissue mechanics, impacting immune responses and tumor progression. Our study highlights that PDGF ligand neutralization can normalize the tissue architecture independent of the genetic background, indicating that finely tuned stromal therapy may open new therapeutic avenues in pancreatic cancer.
IL-10 and IFN-γ as markers for early recognition of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Qian Yanjie , Lu Meiping , Zheng Qi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE), pSLE with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and pSLE with recurrent MAS, and to find biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

Methods
Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were analysed for three groups of patients: 18 cases of pSLE with MAS, 48 age- and sex-matched cases of active pSLE without MAS and 40 age- and sex-matched cases of pSLE with inactive disease. One case of a 9-year-old girl with recurrent MAS as the primary manifestation of SLE also was recorded.

Results
IL-10 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in pSLE patients with MAS than in pSLE patients without MAS, and were significantly correlated with SLE and MAS laboratory features. Levels of IL-10 &gt; 7.25 pg/ml had a high sensitivity and levels of IFN-γ  &gt; 6.7 pg/ml had a high specificity for predicting MAS in pSLE. Constitutional symptoms were evident in the case of recurrent MAS in pSLE, and traditional immunosuppressive therapies were unable to prevent the next MAS episode.

Conclusion
Compared with pSLE and pSLE-MAS with a single episode, pSLE with recurrent MAS has different clinical manifestations and responses to treatment, requiring intensive studies to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Elevated serum levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ may be correlated with pSLE with MAS and can serve as serum biomarkers for pSLE with MAS.
Awake at the wheel: how auto technology innovations present ongoing sleep challenges and new safety opportunities
Authors: Rosekind Mark R , Michael Jeffrey P , Dorey-Stein Zachariah L , Watson Nathaniel F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Individuals and society are dependent on transportation. Individuals move about their world for work, school, healthcare, social activities, religious and athletic events, and so much more. Society requires the movement of goods, food, medicine, etc. for basic needs, commerce, cultural and political exchanges, and all of its dynamic, complex elements. To meet these critical daily demands, the transportation system operates globally and around the clock. Regardless of their role, a basic requirement for the individuals operating the transportation system is that they are awake and at optimal alertness. This applies to individuals driving their own cars, riding a bike or motorcycle, as well as pilots of commercial aircraft, train engineers, long-haul truck drivers, and air traffic controllers. Alert operators are a basic requirement for a safe and effective transportation system. Decades of scientific and operational research have demonstrated that the 24/7 scheduling demands on operators and passengers of our transportation system create sleep and circadian disruptions that reduce alertness and performance and cause serious safety problems. These challenges underly the longstanding interest in transportation safety by the sleep and circadian scientific community. An area currently offering perhaps the most significant opportunities and challenges in transportation safety involves vehicle technology innovations. This paper provides an overview of these latest innovations with a focus on sleep-relevant issues and opportunities. Drowsy driving is discussed, along with fatigue management in round-the-clock transportation operations. Examples of cases where technology innovations could improve or complicate sleep issues are discussed, and ongoing sleep challenges and new safety opportunities are considered.
Association of Mechanical Energy and Power with Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Lung Resection Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Yoon Susie , Nam Jae-Sik , Blank Randal S. , Ahn Hyun Joo , Park MiHye , Kim Heezoo , Kim Hye Jin , Choi Hoon , Kang Hyun-Uk , Lee Do-Kyeong , Ahn Joonghyun 
Published: December 2023

Background
Mechanical power (MP), the rate of mechanical energy (ME) delivery, is a recently introduced unifying ventilator parameter consisting of tidal volume, airway pressures, and respiratory rates, which predicts pulmonary complications in several clinical contexts. However, ME has not been previously studied in the perioperative context, and neither parameter has been studied in the context of thoracic surgery utilizing one-lung ventilation.

Methods
The relationships between ME variables and postoperative pulmonary complications were evaluated in this post hoc analysis of data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lung resection surgery conducted between 2020 and 2021 (n = 1,170). Time-weighted average MP and ME (the area under the MP time curve) were obtained for individual patients. The primary analysis was the association of time-weighted average MP and ME with pulmonary complications within 7 postoperative days. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the relationships between energy variables and the primary outcome.

Results
In 1,055 patients analyzed, pulmonary complications occurred in 41% (431 of 1,055). The median (interquartile ranges) ME and time-weighted average MP in patients who developed postoperative pulmonary complications versus those who did not were 1,146 (811 to 1,530) J versus 924 (730 to 1,240) J (P < 0.001), and 6.9 (5.5 to 8.7) J/min versus 6.7 (5.2 to 8.5) J/min (P = 0.091), respectively. ME was independently associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (ORadjusted, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.80]; P = 0.001). However, the association between time-weighted average MP and postoperative pulmonary complications was time-dependent, and time-weighted average MP was significantly associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in cases utilizing longer periods of mechanical ventilation (210 min or greater; ORadjusted, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.93]; P = 0.007). Normalization of ME and time-weighted average MP either to predicted body weight or to respiratory system compliance did not alter these associations.

Conclusions
ME and, in cases requiring longer periods of mechanical ventilation, MP were independently associated with postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgery.

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What This Article Tells Us That Is New
The Effects of Residual Femoral Deformity on Computed Contact Mechanics in Patients Treated With In Situ Fixation for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Aitken Holly D. , Yen Yi-Meng , Kiapour Ata M. , Sailer Wyatt M. , Holt Joshua B. , Goetz Jessica E. , Scott Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
In situ fixation for treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) can stabilize the epiphysis and prevent further joint deformation but often leaves residual deformity that may adversely affect intra-articular contact mechanics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between residual deformity and contact mechanics in the post-SCFE hip.

Methods:
Patient-specific hip models were created for 19 patients with SCFE treated with in situ fixation. For each model, discrete element analysis was used to compute cumulative acetabular and femoral contact stress exposure during a walking gait cycle. Slip severity was evaluated for each patient using the two-dimensional Southwick angle and a novel three-dimensional (3D) assessment of multiplanar femoral deformity (3D slip angle).

Results:
Of the SCFE cases, 2/7 mild (Southwick angle ≤30 degrees) had peak cumulative femoral exposures equivalent to that of severe (Southwick angle ≥60 degrees) cases. Severe SCFE cases had higher peak (P = 0.015) and mean (P = 0.028) femoral contact stress exposure and lower cumulative femoral contact area (P = 0.003) than mild (Southwick angle ≤30 degrees) SCFE cases. Mean femoral contact stress exposure was also higher in severe SCFE cases than in moderate SCFE cases (P = 0.027). Acetabular and femoral contact mechanics metrics typically demonstrated stronger correlations with 3D slip angle than two-dimensional Southwick angle.

Conclusions:
Increased slip severity adversely impacts intra-articular femoral contact mechanics. Contact mechanics metrics demonstrate higher correlations with 3D slip angle, indicating that this novel measurement may better describe global deformity and its relationship to intra-articular mechanics; however, the modest strength of these correlations may also imply that global impingement-generating deformity is not the primary factor driving contact mechanics in the post-SCFE hip.

Clinical Relevance:
Greater slip severity adversely impacts contact mechanics in the post-SCFE hip. However, focal regions of high contact stress were seen even in mild SCFE deformities, suggesting some type of deformity correction should be considered even for mild slips to alleviate secondary impingement, address focal incongruities, and reduce osteoarthritis development/progression.