bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for hyperglycemia in COVID‐19 patients treated with remdesivir
Authors: Kim Woorim , Lee Go Woon , Rhee Nuga , Min Kyung Hyun , Kim Jun Hyeob , Gil Jin Yeon , Kim Song Yi , Han Ji Min , Lee Kyung Eun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to hyperglycemic adverse events (AEs) associated with the administration of remdesivir in hospitalized patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Furthermore, the study aimed to develop a risk score model employing various machine learning approaches. A total of 1262 patients were enrolled in this investigation. The relationship between covariates and hyperglycemic AEs was assessed through logistic regression analysis. Diverse machine learning algorithms were employed for the purpose of forecasting hyperglycemia‐related complications. After adjusting for covariates, individuals with a body mass index ≥23 kg/m2, those using proton pump inhibitors, cholinergic medications, or individuals with cardiovascular diseases exhibited approximately 2.41‐, 2.73‐, 2.65‐, and 1.97‐fold higher risks of experiencing hyperglycemic AEs (95% CI 1.271–4.577, 1.223–6.081, 1.168–5.989, and 1.119–3.472, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression, elastic net, and random forest models displayed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.65, 0.66, and 0.60, respectively (95% CI 0.572–0.719, 0.640–0.671, and 0.583–0.611, respectively). This study comprehensively explored factors associated with hyperglycemic complications arising from remdesivir administration and, concurrently, leveraged a range of machine learning methodologies to construct a risk scoring model, thereby facilitating the tailoring of individualized remdesivir treatment regimens for patients with COVID‐19.
Cryptostroma corticale, the causal agent of sooty bark disease of maple, appears widespread in western Washington State, USA
Authors: Brooks Rachel K. , Omdal Daniel , Brown Samuel , Marshall Collin J. , Hulbert Joseph M. , Elliott Marianne , Chastagner Gary 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe recent emergence of the fungus Cryptostroma corticale in Seattle, Washington, USA is concerning because of its invasive status in Europe, where it causes sooty bark disease of maples (SBD), killing both forest and urban trees. Additionally, the fruiting bodies (stromata) of C. corticale produce allergenic spores that can impact human health. Therefore, its presence in Washington has the potential to impact the state's populace and trees, including the native bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum. To better determine the distribution of C. corticale in western Washington, A. macrophyllum was surveyed on 50 Washington State Park properties. Bark samples were collected from trees with fruiting bodies resembling those of C. corticale and cores were removed from mature asymptomatic trees. The presence of C. corticale was confirmed using nested PCR. Acer macrophyllum with fruiting bodies of C. corticale were well distributed throughout western Washington, with an 89% detection rate at surveyed Park properties containing A. macrophyllum. Core samples indicated that latent infections appeared well distributed and common throughout western Washington on mature A. macrophyllum, with a 91% detection rate at surveyed Park properties containing A. macrophyllum and a 68% detection rate on cored trees. Signs of SBD and evidence of latent infections of C. corticale were widespread at surveyed properties. However, signs of SBD were rare on individual trees and the overall condition of A. macrophyllum was considered vigorous at the majority of Park properties. Awareness of C. corticale, SBD, and their likelihood to be present on a property containing A. macrophyllum in western Washington should help inform management actions and demonstrate the need for future research.
Prognostic value of Salzburg nonconvulsive status epilepticus criteria: The SACE score
Authors: Misirocchi Francesco , Zilioli Alessandro , Mannini Elisa , Lazzari Stefania , Mutti Carlotta , Zinno Lucia , Parrino Liborio , De Stefano Pia , Florindo Irene 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the association between the Salzburg nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) criteria and in‐hospital outcome, to determine the predictive accuracy of the Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS), modified STESS (mSTESS), Epidemiology‐Based Mortality Score in Status Epilepticus (EMSE), and END‐IT (encephalitis, NCSE, diazepam resistance, imaging features, and tracheal intubation) in NCSE patients, and to develop a new prognostic score specifically designed for NCSE patients.MethodsClinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) data of adult patients treated for NCSE from 2020 to 2023 were retrospectively assessed. Age, sex, modified Rankin Scale at admission, comorbidities, history of seizures, etiology, status epilepticus type, and outcome were collected from the patients' digital charts. EEG data were assessed and categorized applying the Salzburg NCSE criteria. In‐hospital death was defined as the primary outcome.ResultsA total of 116 NCSE patients were included. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that Salzburg NCSE criterion A2 (ictal morphological, spatial, and temporal evolution) was associated with in‐hospital survival. The best STESS cutoff was ≥4 (sensitivity = .62, specificity = .69, accuracy = 67%). mSTESS ≥ 5 reached a sensitivity of .68, a specificity of .57, and an overall accuracy of 60%, EMSE ≥ 64 a sensitivity of .82, a specificity of .39, and an overall accuracy of 52%, and END‐IT ≥ 3 a sensitivity of .65, a specificity of .44, and an overall accuracy of 50%. Through a hypothesis‐generating approach, we developed the SACE score, which integrates EEG features (criterion A2) with patient age (with a 75‐year cutoff), history of seizures, and level of consciousness. With a cutoff of ≥3, it had a sensitivity of .77, a specificity of .74, and an overall accuracy of 76%, performing better than other prognostic scores.SignificanceWe developed a new user‐friendly scoring system, the SACE score, which integrates EEG features with other established outcome‐related variables assessable in early stages, to assist neurologists and neurointensivists in making more tailored prognostic decisions for NCSE patients.
The evolution of resistance to synergistic multi‐drug combinations is more complex than evolving resistance to each individual drug component
Authors: Lozano‐Huntelman Natalie Ann , Bullivant Austin , Chacon‐Barahona Jonathan , Valencia Alondra , Ida Nick , Zhou April , Kalhori Pooneh , Bello Gladys , Xue Carolyn , Boyd Sada , Kremer Colin , Yeh Pamela J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultidrug antibiotic resistance is an urgent public health concern. Multiple strategies have been suggested to alleviate this problem, including the use of antibiotic combinations and cyclic therapies. We examine how adaptation to (1) combinations of drugs affects resistance to individual drugs, and to (2) individual drugs alters responses to drug combinations. To evaluate this, we evolved multiple strains of drug resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in the lab. We show that evolving resistance to four highly synergistic combinations does not result in cross‐resistance to all of their components. Likewise, prior resistance to one antibiotic in a combination does not guarantee survival when exposed to the combination. We also identify four 3‐step and four 2‐step treatments that inhibit bacterial growth and confer collateral sensitivity with each step, impeding the development of multidrug resistance. This study highlights the importance of considering higher‐order drug combinations in sequential therapies and how antibiotic interactions can influence the evolutionary trajectory of bacterial populations.
The prime minister's chief of staff: Comparing profiles and trends in Westminster democracies, 1990–2021
Authors: Pickering Heath , Bellens Tom , Brans Marleen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChiefs of Staff to heads of government hold a prominent position at the apex of the political executive. However, our knowledge of the personal and professional backgrounds of these unelected actors is surprisingly patchy. Not only is this an empirical gap, but it is also problematic as interactions between actors within political executives shape political decisions and ministerial operations. For this study, we present the most systematic dataset mapping the profiles of 56 chiefs of staff to prime ministers in four Westminster family countries from 1990 to 2021: Australia, Britain, Canada, and New Zealand. Their profiles are examined in relation to four concepts: (1) descriptive representation; (2) career de‐separation; (3) institutional (in)stability; and (4) the revolving door. The demographic results illustrate how prime ministers' offices attract individuals with certain characteristics more than others. In order to bolster these results, more research on the chief of staff role is needed to demonstrate how prime ministers exert power and use these staff to strengthen their capacity to govern.
Overexpression of JNK‐associated leucine zipper protein induces chromosomal instability through interaction with dynein light intermediate chain 1
Authors: Suzuki Ryusuke , Kanemaki Masato T. , Suzuki Takeshi , Yoshioka Katsuji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase‐associated leucine zipper protein (JLP), a scaffold protein of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways, is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes. It has been reported that JLP is overexpressed in various types of cancer and is expected to be a potential therapeutic target. However, whether and how JLP overexpression affects non‐transformed cells remain unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of JLP overexpression on chromosomal stability in human non‐transformed cells and the mechanisms involved. We found that aneuploidy was induced in JLP‐overexpressed cells. Moreover, we established JLP‐inducible cell lines and observed an increased frequency of chromosome missegregation, reduced time from nuclear envelope breakdown to anaphase onset, and decreased levels of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components at the prometaphase kinetochore in cells overexpressing the wild‐type JLP. In contrast, we observed that a point mutant JLP lacking the ability to interact with dynein light intermediate chain 1 (DLIC1) failed to induce chromosomal instability. Our results suggest that overexpression of the wild‐type JLP facilitates premature SAC silencing through interaction with DLIC1, leading to aneuploidy. This study provides a novel insight into the mechanism through which JLP overexpression is associated with cancer development and progression.
The appearance of new accessory pathway after the Cone procedure
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Son Ngoc , Chang Shih‐Lin , Weng Chi‐Jen , Wu Fei‐Yi , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcquired Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome can occur after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery.Methods and ResultsA 27‐year‐old male with Ebstein's anomaly and manifest WPW syndrome received catheter ablation twice. The first electrophysiology study (EPS) induced orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and successfully eliminated the posteroseptal accessory pathway (AP). Six months after the Cone procedure, the patient suffered from palpitation. The second EPS was performed and abolished the right lateral AP.ConclusionThe appearance of a new AP after the reconstruction of CHD is a rare finding and should raise suspicion of an acquired AP connection.
A review of bacterial disease outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reported from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Duman Muhammed , Altun Soner , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin , Romalde Jesús L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOutbreaks of bacterial infections in aquaculture have emerged as significant threats to the sustainable production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of these outbreaks and the bacteria involved is crucial for implementing effective management strategies. This comprehensive review presents an update on outbreaks of bacteria isolated from rainbow trout reported between 2010 and 2022. A systematic literature survey was conducted to identify relevant studies reporting bacterial outbreaks in rainbow trout during the specified time frame. More than 150 published studies in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and relevant databases met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse geographical regions and aquaculture systems. The main bacterial pathogens implicated in the outbreaks belong to both gram‐negative, namely Chryseobacterium, Citrobacter, Deefgea Flavobacterium, Janthinobacterium, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and gram‐positive genera, including Lactococcus and Weissella, and comprise 36 new emerging species that are presented by means of pathogenicity and disturbance worldwide. We highlight the main characteristics of species to shed light on potential challenges in treatment strategies. Moreover, we investigate the role of various risk factors in the outbreaks, such as environmental conditions, fish density, water quality, and stressors that potentially cause outbreaks of these species. Insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of bacterial outbreaks in rainbow trout aquaculture are provided. Furthermore, the implications of these findings for developing sustainable and targeted disease prevention and control measures are discussed. The presented study serves as a comprehensive update on the state of bacterial outbreaks in rainbow trout aquaculture, emphasizing the importance of continued surveillance and research to sustain the health and productivity of this economically valuable species.
Functional fitness of adults with Down syndrome: a longitudinal study
Authors: Boer P. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are born with and develop many health‐related complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal functional fitness profile of adults with DS.MethodsThe functional fitness of adults with DS was tested twice, 12 years apart. Sixty‐six adults with DS were tested for body mass, stature and 10 functional fitness tests. Data were categorised according to gender and age‐specific categories.ResultsStatic balance, shoulder flexibility, trunk strength and aerobic capacity deteriorated significantly with medium to large effect sizes for both DS men and women (most age categories). For women, dynamic balance deteriorated significantly, and for men, leg‐ and upper body‐strength deteriorated significantly.ConclusionsPractitioners working in the field of adapted physical activity should take cognisance of the functional fitness ageing profile of adults with DS and timeously develop habitual physical activity interventions to reduce the effect of accelerated ageing experienced by this population.
Is thoracolumbar fascia shear‐wave modulus affected by active and passive knee flexion?
Authors: Kellis Eleftherios , Kekelekis Afxentios , Drakonaki Eleni E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of passive and active knee flexion efforts on the stiffness of the thoracolumbar (TLF), semitendinosus (STF), and semimembranosus fascia (SMF). Fourteen young healthy males participated in this study. Using ultrasound shear‐wave elastography, fascia elastic modulus was measured at rest (passive condition) and during submaximal isometric knee flexion efforts (active condition) with the hip at neutral position and the knee flexed at 0°, 45°, and 90°. Analysis of variance designs indicated that when the knee was passively extended from 90° to 0°, shear modulus of the TLF, SMF, and STF increased significantly (p < 0.05). Similarly, active knee flexion contractions caused a significant increase in TLF, SMF, and STF shear modulus (p < 0.001). Compared to hamstring fascia, the TLF showed greater thickness but a lower shear modulus (p < 0.05) while STF modulus was greater compared that to SMF during active contraction (p < 0.05). These results indicate that exercising the hamstring muscles can remotely influence the stiffness of the fascia which surrounds the lumbar area.
Search and Competition Under Product Quality Uncertainty*
Authors: Chen Yongmin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractI review models of consumer search and competition when product quality is uncertain and differs across firms. Although firms are vertically—and possibly also horizontally—differentiated, an appropriate symmetric price equilibrium with optimal consumer search can be neatly characterized. I propose a “random‐quality” framework that unifies these models and discuss their insights on the operation of consumer search markets, focusing on (i) online advertising and search through platforms, (ii) the welfare effects of entry in search markets, and (iii) the role of quality observability under search frictions. I suggest directions for further research on these and related topics.
Optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm: Toward shock‐free ambulatory cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Portero Vincent , Deng Shanliang , Boink Gerard J. J. , Zhang Guo Qi , de Vries Antoine , Pijnappels Daniël A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, progressive in nature, and known to have a negative impact on mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Patients requiring acute termination of AF to restore sinus rhythm are subjected to electrical cardioversion, which requires sedation and therefore hospitalization due to pain resulting from the electrical shocks. However, considering the progressive nature of AF and its detrimental effects, there is a clear need for acute out‐of‐hospital (i.e., ambulatory) cardioversion of AF. In the search for shock‐free cardioversion methods to realize such ambulatory therapy, a method referred to as optogenetics has been put forward. Optogenetics enables optical control over the electrical activity of cardiomyocytes by targeted expression of light‐activated ion channels or pumps and may therefore serve as a means for cardioversion. First proof‐of‐principle for such light‐induced cardioversion came from in vitro studies, proving optogenetic AF termination to be very effective. Later, these results were confirmed in various rodent models of AF using different transgenes, illumination methods, and protocols, whereas computational studies in the human heart provided additional translational insight. Based on these results and fueled by recent advances in molecular biology, gene therapy, and optoelectronic engineering, a basis is now being formed to explore clinical translations of optoelectronic control of cardiac rhythm. In this review, we discuss the current literature regarding optogenetic cardioversion of AF to restore normal rhythm in a shock‐free manner. Moreover, key translational steps will be discussed, both from a biological and technological point of view, to outline a path toward realizing acute shock‐free ambulatory termination of AF.
Religious Commitment and Body Appreciation: Exploring the Mediating Role of Positive Orientation and Gratitude in a Polish Sample
Authors: Razmus Magdalena , Razmus Wiktor , Zarzycka Beata 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough religiosity has been recognized as a predictor of health and well‐being, links between religiosity and body image have not been extensively examined. The objective of our study was to explore possible pathways through which religious commitment might be associated with body appreciation in a Polish sample. Participants (N = 262) completed measures of religious commitment, positive orientation, gratitude, and body appreciation. Results demonstrated that religious commitment was positively related to body appreciation. Moreover, both positive orientation and gratitude mediated this relationship. A higher level of religious commitment was associated with a higher level of positive orientation and gratitude that, in turn, was related to a greater body appreciation. We concluded that religious commitment may be related to people's loving and respectful relationship with their bodies.
‘I was uncertain, but I was acting on it’: A longitudinal qualitative study of medical students' responses to uncertainty
Authors: Stephens Georgina C. , Sarkar Mahbub , Lazarus Michelle D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeUncertainty is ubiquitous within medical practice. Accordingly, how individuals respond to uncertainty, termed uncertainty tolerance (UT), is increasingly considered a medical graduate competency. Despite this, aspects of the UT construct are debated, which may relate to research focused on measuring UT, rather than understanding students' experiences. Therefore, we asked (1) how do medical students describe their responses to uncertainty, (2) how (if at all) do described responses change over time and (3) how do described responses contribute to understanding the UT construct.MethodsEngaging an interpretivist worldview, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative study throughout 2020 with 41 clinical medical students at an Australian medical school. Participants completed reflective diary entries across six in‐semester time‐points (n = 41, 40, 39, 38, 37 and 35) and semi‐structured interviews at the end of both semesters (n = 20 per semester). We analysed data using framework analysis.ResultsAlthough participants communicated accepting health care uncertainties, described cognitive appraisals of uncertainty ranged from threatening (e.g. challenging credibility) to opportunistic (e.g. for learning and growth). Emotions in response to uncertainty were predominately described in negative terms, including worry and anxiety. Participants described a range of maladaptive and adaptive behavioural responses, including avoiding versus actively engaging with uncertainty. Despite describing typically negative emotions across time, participants' cognitive and behavioural response descriptions shifted from self‐doubt and avoidance, towards acceptance of, and engagement despite uncertainty.ConclusionsStudents' descriptions of responses to uncertainty suggest existing UT conceptualisations may not holistically reflect medical students' experiences of what it means to be uncertainty ‘tolerant’, especially pertaining to conceptualisations of ‘tolerance’ centred on emotions (e.g. stress) rather than how uncertainty is ultimately managed. Extending from this study, the field could consider redefining characteristics of uncertainty ‘tolerance’ to focus on adaptive cognitive and behavioural responses, rather than emotional responses as key indicators of ‘tolerance’.