bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of light in three dimensions: A mobility edge in the imaginary axis in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
Authors: Celardo Luca Giuseppe , Angeli Mattia , Mattiotti Francesco , Kaiser Robin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Searching for Anderson localization of light in three dimensions has challenged experimental and theoretical research for the last decades. Here the problem is analyzed through large-scale numerical simulations, using a radiative Hamiltonian, i.e., a non-Hermitian long-range hopping Hamiltonian, well suited to model light-matter interaction in cold atomic clouds. Light interaction in atomic clouds is considered in the presence of positional and diagonal disorder. Due to the interplay of disorder and cooperative effects (sub- and super-radiance) a novel type of localization transition is shown to emerge, differing in several aspects from standard localization transitions which occur along the real energy axis. The localization transition discussed here is characterized by a mobility edge along the imaginary energy axis of the eigenvalues which is mostly independent of the real energy value of the eigenmodes. Differently from usual mobility edges it separates extended states from hybrid localized states and it manifests itself in the large moments of the participation ratio of the eigenstates. Our prediction of a mobility edge in the imaginary axis, i.e., depending on the eigenmode lifetime, paves the way to achieve control both in the time and space domains of open quantum systems.
Iodineminho Study: Iodine Supplementation and Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency In Pregnant Women
Authors: Lopes-Pereira Maria , Roque Susana , Machado Sarai Isabel , Korevaar Tim I M , Quialheiro Anna , Machado Ana , Vilarinho Laura , Correia-Neves Margarida , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Bordalo Adriano A , Costa Patrício , Palha Joana Almeida 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Iodine is necessary for proper brain development. The prevalence of iodine deficiency in Portuguese pregnant women led the health authorities, in 2013, to recommend iodine supplementation for women in preconception, throughout pregnancy, and during lactation.

Objective
This work aimed to assess the effect of iodine supplementation initiated in the preconception or the first trimester of pregnancy on the prevalence of iodine deficiency and maternal thyroid status.

Methods
An observational prospective cohort study was conducted that followed the thyroid function and iodine status of women recruited during preconception or in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Results
Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was significantly higher among women taking iodine supplements (no-supplement group UIC = 63 µg/L; supplement group UIC = 100 µg/L; P = .002) but still below the levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Only 15% of pregnant women had adequate iodine status and 17% showed a UIC of less than 50 µg/L. There was no influence whether iodine supplementation was started during preconception or during the first trimester of gestation (UIC preconception group: 112 µg/L vs UIC pregnancy group: 91 µg/L; P = .569). In the first trimester of pregnancy, total thyroxine levels were lower and free triiodothyronine levels were higher in nonsupplemented women. Thyroglobulin levels were lower in women who started iodine supplementation during preconception compared to nonsupplemented women and women who started iodine supplementation during gestation.

Conclusion
In the Minho region of Portugal, fertile women have insufficient iodine intake. Additional public health measures are needed since the current recommendations for iodine supplementation for pregnancy are unsatisfactory to achieve adequate iodine status.
PALS1 is a key regulator of the lateral distribution of tight junction proteins in renal epithelial cells
Authors: Groh Ann-Christin , Möller-Kerutt Annika , Gilhaus Kevin , Höffken Verena , Nedvetsky Pavel , Kleimann Simon , Behrens Malina , Ghosh Sujasha , Hansen Uwe , Krahn Michael P. , Ebnet Klaus , Pavenstädt Hermann , Ludwig Alexander , Weide Thomas 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The evolutionarily conserved apical Crumbs (CRB) complex, consisting of the core components CRB3a (an isoform of CRB3), PALS1 and PATJ, plays a key role in epithelial cell–cell contact formation and cell polarization. Recently, we observed that deletion of one Pals1 allele in mice results in functional haploinsufficiency characterized by renal cysts. Here, to address the role of PALS1 at the cellular level, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PALS1-knockout MDCKII cell lines. The loss of PALS1 resulted in increased paracellular permeability, indicating an epithelial barrier defect. This defect was associated with a redistribution of several tight junction-associated proteins from bicellular to tricellular contacts. PALS1-dependent localization of tight junction proteins at bicellular junctions required its interaction with PATJ. Importantly, reestablishment of the tight junction belt upon transient F-actin depolymerization or upon Ca2+ removal was strongly delayed in PALS1-deficient cells. Additionally, the cytoskeleton regulator RhoA was redistributed from junctions into the cytosol under PALS1 knockout. Together, our data uncover a critical role of PALS1 in the coupling of tight junction proteins to the F-actin cytoskeleton, which ensures their correct distribution along bicellular junctions and the formation of tight epithelial barrier.
Rehabilitation care for pain in elderly knee replacement patients
Authors: Liu Li , Guan Qiao-Zhen , Wang Li-Fang 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is recognized as the most effective surgical intervention for relieving pain and improving joint mobility and deformity in patients with knee osteoarthritis and other synovial diseases. The application of accelerated postoperative rehabilitation (enhanced recovery after surgery) has demonstrated its efficacy in improving patient outcomes, and early postoperative joint function exercise has become a key prognostic factor in knee replacement. The unexpected appearance of limb pain and swelling hindered the patient’s tendency for early mobilization, leading in prolonged hospitalization, delayed functional recovery and negative psychological responses.
AIM
To investigate the impact of incorporating programmed pain nursing with collaborative nursing on elderly patients undergoing knee replacement surgery.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 116 patients who underwent TKA at our hospital between July 2019 and July 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: A control group (n = 58) receiving programmatic nursing, and an observed group (n = 58) receiving programmed nursing combined with a collaborative nursing model. A pain management team consisting of attending physicians, head nurses, and responsible nurses was established. Outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, activities of daily living (ADL) scale scores, and functional scores.
RESULTS
The ADL scores of patients in both groups exhibited a continuous increase. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the ADL scores between the two groups at 48 h and the 7th d post-surgery (P > 0.05). Upon reexamination at the 3rd mo, the observation group demonstrated higher ADL scores compared to the control group (67.48 ± 14.69 vs 59.40 ± 16.06, P < 0.05). The VAS scores of both groups significantly decreased, with no significant difference observed between the groups at each time point (P > 0.05). The functional status of patients in both groups exhibited a gradual increase prior to intervention and at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month following discharge (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in knee joint function scores between the two groups at the 1st month after discharge (47.52 vs 45.81, P > 0.05). However, the knee joint function scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the 2nd (59.38 vs 53.19, P < 0.05) and 3rd month (71.92 vs 64.34, P < 0.05) following discharge.
CONCLUSION
The utilization of programmed pain nursing in conjunction with collaborative nursing for out-of-hospital care of TKA patients has demonstrated favorable outcomes, encompassing pain reduction, enhanced prognosis, and improved nursing quality for patients.
Task-based and Magnified Mirror Therapy for Unilateral Spatial Neglect among post-stroke subjects: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arya Kamal Narayan , Pandian Shanta , Pandey Divya , Agarwal G. G. , Chaudhary Neera 
Published: January 2024

Background
Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a commonly occurring neurocognitive disability after a stroke. The neglect may affect the motor recovery of the upper and lower limbs and functional performances. Mirror therapy, a simple and economical approach has the potential to reduce the USN and related impairments.

Aim
The primary objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of task-based and magnified mirror therapy on the USN and on the motor recovery of the post-stroke subjects. The secondary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention on the function and disability of the subjects.

Methods
In this randomized controlled, assessor-blinded trial, 86 post-stroke subjects will be recruited from the neuro-rehabilitation laboratory of a rehabilitation institute, located in northern India. The participants,aged20 to 80 years, with 1 to 36 months of stroke onset, hemiparesis, and the USN, will be considered eligible for the study. In addition to the conventional rehabilitation, the experimental group(n = 43) will receive 40 sessions (8 weeks) of Task-based and MAGnified Mirror Therapy for Unilateral Spatial Neglect (T-MAGUSN). The control group (n = 43) will undergo a dose-matched conventional program only. The participants will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up using primary (Line Bisection Test, Letter Cancellation Test, and Fugl-Myer Assessment) and secondary (Catherine Bergego Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Classification, Modified Rankin Scale) outcome measures.

Discussion
This proposed study will lead to the development of a novel rehabilitation protocol for the management of USN, aiming to enhance motor and functional recovery. The investigation will consider both the upper and lower limbs for the intervention, reducing the impact of cognitive disability in stroke.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) as CTRI/2023/05/053184 (www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=74659).
Anisotropic area-preserving nonlocal flow for closed convex plane curves
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Yang Yunlong , Mao Yueyue , Fang Jianbo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider an anisotropic area-preserving nonlocal flow for closed convex plane curves, which is a generalization of the model introduced by Pan and Yang (J. Differential Equations 266 (2019), 3764–3786) when τ = 1. Under this flow, the evolving curve maintains its convexity and converges to a homothety of a smooth symmetric strictly convex plane curve in the C
∞ sense. The analysis of the asymptotic behavior of this flow implies the possibility of deforming one curve into another within the framework of Minkowski geometry.
Bach flow of simply connected nilmanifolds
Authors: Thompson Adam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Bach flow is a fourth-order geometric flow defined on four-manifolds. For a compact manifold, it is the negative gradient flow for the L
2-norm of the Weyl curvature. In this paper, we study the Bach flow on four-dimensional simply connected nilmanifolds whose Lie algebra is indecomposable. We show that the Bach flow beginning at an arbitrary left invariant metric exists for all positive times and after rescaling converges in the pointed Cheeger–Gromov sense to an expanding Bach soliton which is non-gradient. Combining our results with previous results of Helliwell gives a complete description of the Bach flow on simply connected nilmanifolds.
Efficient P1-FEM for Any Space Dimension in Matlab
Authors: Beuter Stefanie , Funken Stefan A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the efficient implementation of the finite element method with continuous piecewise linear functions (P1-FEM) in

R
d

\mathbb{R}^{d}

(

d
∈
N

d\in\mathbb{N}

).
Although at present there does not seem to be a very high practical demand for finite element methods that use higher-dimensional simplicial partitions, there are some advantages in studying the efficient implementation of the method independent of the dimension.
For instance, it provides additional insights into necessary data structures and the complexity of implementations.
Throughout, the focus is on an efficient realization using Matlab built-in functions and vectorization.
The fast and vectorized Matlab function can be easily implemented in many other vector languages and is provided in Julia, too.
The complete implementation of the adaptive FEM is given, including assembling stiffness matrix, building load vector, error estimation, and adaptive mesh-refinement.
Numerical experiments underline the efficiency of our freely available code which is observed to be of a slightly more than linear complexity with respect to the number of elements when memory limits are not exceeded.
Machine Learning Estimators: Implementation and Comparison in Python
Authors: Merle Fabian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We compare different machine learning estimators and present details about their implementation in Python.
The computational studies are conducted for classification as well as regression problems.
Moreover, as one of the founding problems of machine learning, we present the specific classification task of handwritten digit recognition.
In this connection, we discuss the mathematical formulation and of course the implementation details of this problem.
All corresponding Python code is fully provided on request and can be downloaded from the author’s GitHub page https://github.com/Fab1Fatal.
Toward automated hail disaster weather recognition based on spatio-temporal sequence of radar images
Authors: Wang Liuping , Chen Ziyi , Liu Jinping , Zhang Jin , Alkhateeb Abdulhameed F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hail, an intense convective catastrophic weather, is seriously hazardous to people’s lives and properties. This article proposes a multi-step cyclone hail weather recognition model, called long short-term memory (LSTM)-C3D, based on radar images, integrating attention mechanism and network voting optimization characteristics to achieve intelligent recognition and accurate classification of hailstorm weather based on long short-term memory networks. Based on radar echo data in the strong-echo region, LSTM-C3D can selectively fuse the long short-term time feature information of hail meteorological images and effectively focus on the significant features to achieve intelligent recognition of hail disaster weather. The meteorological scans of 11 Doppler weather radars deployed in various regions of the Hunan Province of China are used as the specific experimental and application objects for extensive validation and comparison experiments. The results show that the proposed method can realize the automatic extraction of radar reflectivity image features, and the accuracy of hail identification in the strong-echo region reaches 91.3%. It can also effectively realize the prediction of convective storm movement trends, laying the theoretical foundation for reducing the misjudgment of extreme disaster weather.
Analysis of flow field characteristics of the three-dimensional staggered rotor and its influence on structural parameters in the wiped film molecular distillation
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Xu Mengyang , Pang Xintao , Duan Zhenya , Zhang Junmei , Meng Xianqiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The implementation of a scraping rotor has enhanced the distribution of the liquid film in wiped film molecular distillation while also preventing groove flow and drywall phenomena. To investigate the structure of the rotor and its surrounding cylinder, a three-dimensional mathematical model of the interleaved rotor has been established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the accuracy of the simulation model has been validated through experiments. Additionally, a three-dimensional staggered cylindrical rotor has been developed and used to explore the impact of different structural parameters on the distribution of the head wave and liquid film thickness. These findings have provided a theoretical basis for the creation of new rotor devices and furnished valuable empirical parameters for practical engineering applications. Furthermore, this research has been instrumental in elevating the efficiency and effectiveness of wiped film molecular distillation, and at the same time, it provides important support for improving the structure of the scraping film molecular distillation equipment in the industry.
Math can’t Move Matter
Authors: Park Seungbae 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Causal platonism asserts that mathematical objects cause neural states in human brains. I raise the following four objections to it. (i) Quantum entanglement does not show that one object can causally affect another, although one is nontemporal, nonspatial, and unchanging. (ii) Causal platonism can neither be justified a posteriori nor a priori. (iii) To postulate mathematical media to flesh out mathematical causation is to multiply mysteries beyond necessity. (iv) To say that mathematical causation is unintelligible and inexplicable is not to complain about causation in general.
High-speed mid-infrared Mach–Zehnder electro-optical modulators in lithium niobate thin film on sapphire
Authors: Han Huangpu , Xiang Bingxi , Zhang Jiali , Wei Zhixian , Jiang Yunpeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, high-speed mid-infrared Mach–Zehnder electro-optical modulators in x-cut lithium niobate (LN) thin film on sapphire were designed, simulated, and analyzed. The main optical parameters of three types of Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) (residual LN with thickness of 0, 0.5, and 1 μm) were simulated and calculated, namely, the single-mode conditions, bending loss, separation distance between electrode edge and lithium niobate waveguide edge, optical field distribution, and half-wave voltage–length product. The main radio frequency (RF) parameters of these three types of MZMs, such as characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, RF effective index, and the –3 dB modulation bandwidth were calculated depending on the dimensions of the coplanar waveguide traveling-wave electrodes. The modulations with residual LN thickness of 0, 0.5, and 1 μm were calculated with bandwidths exceeding 140, 150, and 240 GHz, respectively, and the half-wave voltage–length product achieved was 22.4, 21.6, and 15.1 V cm, respectively. By optimizing RF and optical parameters, guidelines for device design are presented, and the achievable modulation bandwidth is significantly increased.
Particle Size Characterization of Silty-to-Sandy Powders: Laser Transmission Technique
Authors: Cha Wonjun , Kang Seoung-Min , Kim Hyun-Ki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a novel technique for soil characterization, utilizing laser transmission to observe the sedimentation process. This method significantly diminishes specimen disturbances, human errors, and the required sample size, making it a more time and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. Detailed models capturing the intricacies of the sedimentation process, including influential factors such as particle diameter and mass concentration, are delineated. Moreover, we suggest a method to extrapolate the cumulative grain size distribution from the laser transmission profile of a soil sample. Collectively, this research presents an efficient and promising approach to soil characterization, leveraging laser light for sedimentation monitoring.
Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Individuals With a History of Out-of-home Care
Authors: Hjern Anders , Vinnerljung Bo , Brännström Lars 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Exposure to childhood out-of-home care (foster family and residential care) is associated with an increased risk of ill-health and disability in adulthood, but the risk for cardiovascular disease has not previously been studied longitudinally.

METHODS
This was a national cohort study generated from linkage of a range of population-based registers, resulting in a national cohort of 881 731 of whom 26 310 (3.0%) had a history of out-of-home care. The study population, born 1972 to 1981, was followed from age 18 to age 39 to 48 years for hospitalizations and death.

RESULTS
After adjusting for year of birth and maternal education, individuals with a history of childhood out-of-home-care experienced a doubling of the risk for coronary disease (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 2.05; 1.74–2.41) and stroke (hazard ratio 1.85; 1.59–2.15), compared with the general population, with similar estimates for men and women. Women with a history of out-of-home care had a more than doubled risk for cigarette smoking in early pregnancy, with a relative risk of 2.26; (2.18–2.34) and a moderately increased risk for gestational diabetes relative risk 1.49 (1.19–1.86). There was marked attenuation (40% to 90%) in effect estimates for disease and risk factors after further control for cohort members educational achievement at age 15–16 years.

CONCLUSIONS
A history of childhood out-of-home care was associated with a doubled risk of early cardiovascular disease events. Cigarette smoking and educational underachievement were the main identified risk factors.
Cinnamon: A potent nutraceutical agent for the protection of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Taherah Mohammadabadi 
Published: January 2024

Diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and hypertension are risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). About 17.3 million deaths worldwide were due to CVDs in 2013 and is anticipated to be 23.3 million by 2030. Common therapies for CVDs are associated with wide side effects. Thus, herbal medicines have been regarded more due to fewer side effects, availability, cultural beliefs, and being cheap. For thousands of years, herbal medicine has been used for bacterial infections, colds, coughs, and CVDs. Cinnamon bark contains phenolic compounds such as cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid with protective properties that can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cardiac ischemia and hypertrophy, and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, cinnamon has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits beneficial effects on the complications of diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension which cause CVDs. Although the protective effects of cinnamon on the heart have been reported in many studies, it needs more clinical studies to prove the pharmaceutical and therapeutic efficacy of cinnamon on risk factors of CVDs. This review explains the protective effects of bioactive compounds of cinnamon on the cardiovascular system.