bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Ureidopropionase deficiency: A novel inborn error of metabolism discovered using NMR spectroscopy on urine
Authors: Moolenaar Sytske H. , Göhlich‐Ratmann Gudrun , Engelke Udo F.H. , Spraul Manfred , Humpfer Eberhard , Dvortsak Peter , Voit Thomas , Hoffmann Georg F. , Bräutigam Christa , van Kuilenburg André B. , van Gennip Albert , Vreken Peter , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this work, NMR investigations that led to the discovery of a new inborn error of metabolism, β‐ureidopropionase (UP) deficiency, are reported. 1D 1H‐NMR experiments were performed using a patient's urine. 3‐Ureidopropionic acid was observed in elevated concentrations in the urine spectrum. A 1D 1H‐1H total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) and two heteronuclear 2D NMR techniques (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) and heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation (HSQC)) were used to identify the molecular structure of the compound that caused an unknown doublet resonance at 1.13 ppm. Combining the information from the various NMR spectra, this resonance could be assigned to 3‐ureidoisobutyric acid. These observations suggested a deficiency of UP. With 1D 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, UP deficiency can be easily diagnosed. The 1H‐NMR spectrum can also be used to diagnose patients suffering from other inborn errors of metabolism in the pyrimidine degradation pathway. Magn Reson Med 46:1014–1017, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic patterns of USPIO enhancement can be observed in macrophages after ischemic brain damage
Authors: Rausch Martin , Sauter Andre , Fröhlich Johannes , Neubacher Ute , Radü Ernst W. , Rudin Markus 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCells of the mononuclear phagocytotic system (MPS) are often found near to or within ischemic tissue and can potentially aggravate cellular damage. Hence, visualization of those cells would allow demarcation of putatively affected from intact tissue. Experimental MRI studies have shown that ultrasmall particles of dextran‐coated iron oxide (USPIO) are internalized into cells of the MPS. To test if this cell tagging method may be also applied to cerebral infarction, USPIOs were administered to Fisher rats 5.5 h after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). During the first 2 days USPIO were preferentially found in patches within the lesion and in surrounding areas. On day 4, USPIOs expanded within the core of the lesion. On day 7 they were found predominantly within the boundary area. Histological analysis showed large populations of macrophages containing iron particles in the infarcted tissue. We conclude, therefore, that it is possible to monitor MPS activity after focal cerebral ischemia using USPIOs. Magn Reson Med 46:1018–1022, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motion correction of parametric fMRI data from multi‐slice single‐shot multi‐echo acquisitions
Authors: Speck O. , Hennig J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFast parametric imaging using multi‐echo techniques has been proven to yield quantitative parameter maps with high stability for functional MRI (fMRI). Due to the different contrasts and signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) in the various images, motion correction of the echo images or the resulting parameter maps is not a straightforward process. 3D motion correction of parametric imaging data has not yet been examined thoroughly. However, motion correction is an essential step in fMRI data processing. In this study several possible motion detection methods were tested and compared. Motion parameters can be estimated from the different echo images as well as from the parameter maps. The accuracy of the different methods was examined in simulations and in in vivo experiments. Motion parameters should be estimated from the I0‐parameter maps and subsequently applied to the T‐parameter maps. Magn Reson Med 46:1023–1027, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New strategy for reconstructing partial‐Fourier imaging data in functional MRI
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yacoub Essa , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMost partial Fourier (PF) approaches use a low‐resolution phase estimate in the reconstruction to account for non‐zero phases of the image. These methods may fail when there are large phase errors, a situation commonly encountered in T‐weighted functional MRI (fMRI). To mitigate this problem, a method was developed based on the inversion of a matrix formulated according to a phase map derived from iterative reconstruction. To make this method computationally practical for fMRI, a strategy was introduced such that the matrix inversion is performed only once for each slice in the time series, assuming that the phase map remains constant in the time series. To ensure the temporal phase invariance, physiological noise correction and global phase correction were applied to the data before the reconstruction. This method was demonstrated to be robust and efficient for fMRI. Magn Reson Med 46:1045–1048, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of long‐term results of transurethral incision of the prostate with transurethral resection of the prostate, in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Tkocz Michal , Prajsner Andrzej 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne hundred patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) were randomized to transurethral incision (TUIP) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The average prostate weight before operation was not more than 30.0 g. Indications for the operations were based on the disease history, physical examination, digital rectal examination, laboratory values, and pressure‐flow examination. All operations were performed with patients under spinal anesthesia. TUIP was performed with a Collins knife, and TURP was performed with a resectoscope. Follow‐up was performed 24 months after the operations. After treatment there were statistically significant daytime and nocturnal reduction in voiding frequencies of 2.9 and 1.7, respectively, after TUIP, and 2.0 and 1.5 after TURP. In both groups, there occurred significantly better maximal flow rate from 7.6 mL/s to 16.9 mL/s in group I and from 6.9 mL/s to 17.6 mL/s in group II. The mean values of linearized passive urethral resistance relation in both groups significantly decreased from 3.6 ± 0.6 to 1.0 ± 0.5 after TUIP and from 3.9 ± 04 to 1.4 ± 0.5 after TURP. The TUIP procedure is effective and safe for patients with a small number of complications. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:112–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superconvergence of nonconforming finite element method for the Stokes equations
Authors: Ye Xiu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article derives a general superconvergence result for nonconforming finite element approximations of the Stokes problem by using a least‐squares surface fitting method proposed and analyzed recently by Wang for the standard Galerkin method. The superconvergence result is based on some regularity assumption for the Stokes problem and is applicable to any nonconforming stable finite elements with regular but nonuniform partitions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 143–154, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.1036
Government Credible Commitment to the French and American Nuclear Power Industries
Authors: Delmas Magali , Heiman Bruce 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBacklash against nuclear power, although widespread, affected nuclear power programs differently in the United States than in France owing to their differing institutional setups. This article uses a transaction costs economics approach to examine government credible commitment to the French and American nuclear power industries. Positive political theory sheds light on the comparative institutional environment in each industry. The American combination of fragmented power, little reliance on bureaucratic expertise, an independent judiciary, and opposing interest groups greatly undermines the ability of the U.S. government to credibly commit to the nuclear power industry. In France, despite substantial anti‐nuclear interest groups, the impermeability of the institutional setup—no division of power, weak judiciary, and reliance on bureaucratic expertise—effectively prevents activists from influencing policy outcomes. © 2001 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Does Urban Public Housing Diminish the Social Capital and Labor Force Activity of Its Tenants?
Authors: Reingold David A. , Van Ryzin Gregg G. , Ronda Michelle 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of urban public housing on the social capital and labor force activity of its tenants using cross‐sectional survey data from the Multi‐City Study of Urban Inequality (MSCUI). A structural equation model of the hypothesized direct and indirect effects of public housing and neighborhood disadvantage on social capital and labor force activity is specified and fitted to these data. The modeling results suggest that urban public housing is strongly associated with neighborhood disadvantage but has little or no direct effect on either social capital or labor force activity. And while public housing may have indirect effects on social capital and labor force activity through neighborhood poverty, these indirect effects appear to be small. These findings have implications for the current emphasis in urban public housing policy on moving residents into the private housing market and reducing poverty concentration. © 2001 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Chronic Illness and Health Insurance‐Related Job Lock
Authors: Stroupe Kevin T. , Kinney Eleanor D. , Kniesner Thomas J.J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractJob duration patterns are examined for evidence of health insurance‐related job lock among chronically ill workers or workers whose family member is chronically ill. Using Cox proportional hazard models to indicate the effect of health insurance and health status on workers' job duration we allow for more general insurance effects than that shown in the existing literature. Data for workers in Indiana predating the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) are used to examine the potential effect of HIPAA on job mobility. Among the workers in this sample who relied on their employer for coverage, chronic illness reduced job mobility by about 40 percent as compared with otherwise similar workers who did not rely on their employer for coverage. Results reported here identify previously under‐appreciated job lock among chronically ill workers and workers whose family member is chronically ill, clarify how one best researches job lock, and indicate the potential effect of policies aimed at alleviating job lock and promoting inter‐employer worker mobility. © 2001 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Motivation for Compliance with Environmental Regulations
Authors: Winter Søren C. , May Peter J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA combination of calculated, normative, and social motivations as well as awareness of rules and capacity to
comply are thought to foster compliance with regulations. Hypotheses about these factors were tested with data
concerning Danish farmers' compliance with agro‐environmental regulations. Three key findings
emerge: that farmers' awareness of rules plays a critical role; that normative and social motivations are
as influential as calculated motivations in enhancing compliance; and that inspectors' enforcement
style affects compliance differently from that posited in much of the literature. It was also found that
formalism in inspection can be helpful to a point, while coercion by inspectors can backfire. Taken together,
these findings counter arguments concerning the harm of legalism and the benefits of flexible enforcement. This
study contributes to the understanding of factors that shape compliance with social and environmental
regulations. © 2001 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
From Welfare to Work: Has Welfare Reform Worked?
Authors: Kaushal Neeraj , Kaestner Robert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses estimates of the effect of welfare reform,as measured by the imposition of time limits
and family cap provisions, on the employment and fertility of less educated unmarried women. This analysis shows
that welfare reform has induced less educated unmarried women to move from welfare to work in significant
numbers. The imposition of time limits and other administrative reforms correlated with it have increased the
employment of unmarried women with 12 or fewer years of education by an estimated 363,171, approximately 28
percent of the decline in welfare caseloads for this group since 1994. Furthermore, evidence shows that women
who have left welfare for employment worked approximately 29 hours per week, which even at low wages may
significantly improve their financial status relative to public assistance. However, little evidence can be
found to show that the imposition of time limits and family caps affect the fertility of less educated unmarried
women. © 2001 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Prospective study of the patient‐level cost of asthma care in children*
Authors: Ungar Wendy J. , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOur objective was to assess the cost of asthma care at the patient level in children from the perspectives of society, the Ontario Ministry of Health, and the patient. In this longitudinal evaluation, health service use data and costs were collected during telephone interviews at 1, 3, and 6 months with parents of 339 Ontario children with asthma. Direct costs were respiratory‐related visits to healthcare providers, emergency rooms, hospital admissions, pulmonary function tests, prescription medications, devices, and out‐of‐pocket expenses. Indirect costs were parents' absences from work/usual activities and travel and waiting time.Hospital admissions accounted for 43%, medications for 31%, and parent productivity losses for 12% of total costs from a societal perspective. Statistically significant predictors of higher total costs were worse symptoms, younger age group, and season of participation. Adjusted annual societal costs per patient in 1995 Canadian dollars varied from $1,122 in children aged 4–14 years to $1,386 in children under 4 years of age. From the Ministry of Health perspective, adjusted annual costs per patient were $663 in children over 4 years and $904 in younger children. Adjusted annual costs from the patient perspective were $132 in children over 4 years and $129 in children under 4 years.The rising incidence of pediatric asthma demands that greater attention be paid to the delivery of optimal care to this segment of the population. Appropriate methods must be used to analyze healthcare costs and the use of services in the midst of widespread healthcare reform. The quality of clinical and health policy decision‐making may be enhanced by cost‐of‐illness estimates that are comprehensive, precise, and expressed from multiple perspectives. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:101–108. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sputum processing for evaluation of inflammatory mediators
Authors: Kim Jung‐Soo , Hackley Grant H. , Okamoto Kosuke , Rubin Bruce K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNeutrophil‐dominated inflammation is prominent in the cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic bronchitis (CB) airways. We assessed the degree of airway inflammation by measuring the sputum concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐8, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We determined the relationship among the concentrations of these mediators and investigated methodological problems that may be responsible for reported variability in measurements. Sputa obtained from 31 patients were solubilized with phosphate‐buffered saline, dithiothreitol (DTT) (0.1% or 1%), or dornase alfa (0.2 mg/mL). The sputum concentration of IL‐8 and MPO was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and DNA was measured using microfluorimetry.There was a significant relationship among sputum IL‐8, MPO, and DNA. For MPO (means ± SD), CF was 1,392 ± 771 vs. CB at 75 ± 65 mcg/mL; P < 0.0001. For IL‐8: CF was 239 ± 154 vs. CB at 121 ± 108 ng/mL; P = 0.0002. For DNA, CF was 1.707 ± 1.25 vs. CB at 0.184 ± 0.272 mg/mL; P < 0.0001. The MPO concentration in CF sputum was approximately double after in vitro treatment with dornase alfa (P < 0.0001).There is a greater concentration of IL‐8, MPO, and DNA in CF than in CB sputa. There is a significant relationship among these inflammatory markers in sputum. DNA polymers bind myeloperoxidase in the sputum, and we speculate that treatment with dornase alfa may remove a source of MPO inhibition. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:152–158. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Off‐line exhaled nitric oxide measurements in children
Authors: Barreto Mario , Villa Maria Pia , Martella Susy , Falasca Carlo , Guglielmi Francesco , Pagani Jacopo , Darder Maria Teresa , Ronchetti Roberto 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a useful marker of asthmatic bronchial inflammation. eNO can now be measured away from the laboratory (off‐line), even in children. Short exhalation maneuvers (8 sec) and small samples (1 L) of exhaled gas are probably sufficient in children, but more information is needed about the effect of different measurement conditions. As a preliminary step before conducting epidemiological studies in schoolchildren, we investigated the effects of expiratory flow, dead space, and expiratory time on eNO concentrations collected in 1‐L mylar collection bags. We studied 101 cooperative subjects (62 males) aged 5–18 years (30 healthy volunteers, 51 asthmatics, and 20 children with various other respiratory diseases) in our pulmonary function laboratory. On‐line and off‐line eNO were compared in a single session, and analyzed with a Sievers NOA™ 280 nitric oxide analyzer. For both methods of collecting expired gas, subjects did a single exhalation without breath‐holding against an expiratory pressure 10 cm H2O. We investigated the effects of expiratory flow, dead space, and exhalation time on eNO; we also compared on‐line and off‐line eNO measurements, and the repeatability of both techniques at a given flow rate.Expiratory flows of 58 mL/sec provided more reproducible data than lower flows (coefficient of repeatability 1.1 ppb for 58 mL/sec vs. 2.8 for 27 mL/sec vs. 5.7 for 18 mL/sec). eNO concentrations were about 25% higher in off‐line than in on‐line recordings if the initial 250 mL of exhaled gas were not eliminated, and 37% higher if exhalation lasted longer (16 sec vs. 8 sec). Eliminating 250 mL of dead space and shortening the filling time to 8 sec yielded off‐line eNO values close to those on‐line (geometric mean off‐line eNO 14.4 ppb, 95% confidence interval: 12.2–17.0) vs. on‐line eNO 13.8 ppb (95% confidence interval: 11.6–16.5). On‐line and off‐line results were highly correlated (r = 0.996, P = 0.000) and had similar coefficients of variation (on‐line eNO 2.6%, off‐line 2.8%). Neither agreement nor repeatability of eNO measurements were affected by disease status or baseline FEV1 (% predicted values).Once standardized, the off‐line eNO technique using 1‐L gas collection bags will provide results similar to those recorded on‐line. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:159–167. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of early piston‐type high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Sakai Takeo , Kamohara Takasi , Aiba Satoru , Yoshioka Tosiro , Itinohe Akiko , Chiba Hiroo , Watanabe Tatsuya , Iinuma Kazuie 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigated whether the combination of surfactant replacement therapy and early application of high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was more effective in patients with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) than late application of HFOV and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). To determine this, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 126 neonates with RDS who received surfactant replacement therapy within 4 hr after birth. Patients were grouped into those who received HFOV immediately after birth (HFOV group), those who initially were ventilated by CMV and subsequently received HFOV (CMV/HFOV group), and those who did not receive HFOV (CMV group). Changes in respiratory system compliance (Crs), arterial‐alveolar oxygen gradient (a/ApO2), and mean airway pressure (MAP) were compared.Infants who received HFOV were less mature than those who received CMV. The a/ApO2 measured immediately after birth before surfactant replacement therapy was significantly lower in the HFOV and CMV/HFOV group than in the CMV group. After 72 hr, the Crs in the HFOV group was higher than in any other group and was significantly higher than the CMV/HFOV group at 48 and 120 hr.These results suggest that initiating HFOV in combination with surfactant replacement therapy immediately after birth provides effective ventilatory support for infants with RDS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:168–174. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bronchiectasis: Still a problem
Authors: Karakoc Gülbin Bingöl , Yilmaz Mustafa , Altintas Derya Ufuk , Kendirli Seval Güneser 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe prevalence of bronchiectasis (BR) has decreased significantly in industrialized countries, but is still commonplace in developing countries. We evaluated the causes and clinical features of BR in 23 children (13 boys (57%) and 10 girls (43%), with a mean age of 8.45 ± 4.02 years).Infection was the major cause of BR in our region. In 8 patients, BR developed after tuberculosis or pneumonia, was associated with immune deficiency syndromes in 4 children, and with asthma in 4. Cystic fibrosis was diagnosed in 4 cases and ciliary dyskinesia in 3. In 10 patients, only one lobe was involved. Bronchiectatic lesions were most commonly found in the left lower lobe and were observed in 7 patients. Multilobar involvement was found in 13 patients. The initial treatment was primarily medical, but in 2 patients whose medical therapy failed, pulmonary resection was carried out. Three patients died from severe pulmonary infection and respiratory failure. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:175–178. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia: A case report of thoracic duct agenesis
Authors: Antonetti Marc , Manuck Tracy Ann , Schramm Craig , Hight Donald 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe present a 17‐year‐old Caucasian male with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia and an absent thoracic duct. This patient is unique as he did not present with the disorder until age 9.5 years. Since his initial presentation he has had recurrent chylothoraces and has been treated symptomatically. We discuss the possible implications of his disorder as well as some of the limited treatment that is available. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:184–186. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.