bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of finger pressure on blood pressure measurement using photoplethysmography
Authors: Numim P , Apiwong-Ngam N , Yarin S , Sungthong R , Choopun S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a technique that uses a light source by allowing light to pass through a fingertip and detect the reflection of light to obtain the PPG signal. The PPG signal can be used to monitor personal health and to determine the blood pressure (BP) value. However, it is difficult to obtain a reliable PPG signal due to various environmental factors. A pressure that a finger presses on the sensor during measurement is one of the main factor to obtain a wave-like PPG signal. In this work, effect of finger pressure on blood pressure measurement using PPG is intensively investigated in order to improve the reliability and accuracy. The BP prototype with a force sensor put at a location of fingertip next to the light sensor is developed in order to detect a finger pressure. An optimum condition of the fingertip pressure for the BP measurement is evaluated by using a maximum and minimum values of PPG signals from the IR light reflection. The calibration of the BP prototype is performed and back test with a commercial BP monitor. It is found that the optimum finger pressure is in medium region of 65-75 with the reliable wave-form. Moreover, the accuracy of our BP prototype is about ±2.0 mmHg compared to the accuracy of commercial BP monitor of ±3 mmHg and the accuracy of our previous work of ±9.2 mmHg. Thus, our developed BP prototype with the control of the finger pressure exhibits an improvement of reliability and accuracy. This suggests a potential application for a commercial BP monitor without a cuff.
Investigating the linear equations of maximum and minimum slope lines on a linear graph in high school physics experiments using numerical method
Authors: Som-Am S , Sripongpun N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the maximum and minimum slope lines of a linear graph used in high school physics experiments. The uncertainty of the graph is calculated by considering the steepest and shallowest possible lines. However, manually drawing these lines can be challenging. Thus, this research employs numerical calculation method to determine the slopes of the two straight lines that pass through the number of error bar of y-data as much as possible. These lines are drawn between the lower edge of the error bars and the upper edge of the error bars of two data points on the graph. Two case studies are conducted using physics’ experimental data, which includes three columns; x-data, averaged y-data and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means. The results are presented as data points with error bars on graph, along with the maximum and the minimum slope lines and their corresponding linear equations. Further analysis of uncertainties of slope and Y-intercept can be performed using these equations. These findings are valuable for researchers, educators, and students to interpret and report the results. In addition, a web application is presented to facilitate the determination, further enhancing the study’s accessibility and usefulness.
A STEM activity in design and development of a simple machine using 3D printing and GoGo board
Authors: Sriwitaya K , Tuptim P , Wattanakasiwich P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 21st-century education, numerous research studies have shown that learner-centered teaching is significantly more effective than traditional lectures. A critical aspect of studying physics effectively is developing conceptual understanding through hands-on activities. With today’s technology easily accessible to both students and teachers, hands-on activities aimed at promoting physics understanding and design thinking have become more accessible than in the past. This research aims to create supplementary activities that utilize Makerspace tools such as 3D printers, laser cutters, and GoGo Board learning kits to enhance learning efficiency in the context of simple machines in physics. The primary goal of these activities is to help students apply their knowledge of simple machines, focusing on concepts such as mechanical advantage and machine efficiency while also developing Makerspace tool proficiency. Additionally, students will practice design thinking by creating prototypes of simple machines to accomplish specific tasks. Their tool utilization and design thinking abilities will be evaluated based on the simple machines they create, and mechanical advantage will be measured using a device capable of creating and measuring the tension in a rope designed with a GoGo Board. The process of developing these learning modules will be presented and discussed in detail.
Variations in thermospheric density during two consecutive geomagnetic storms of different solar wind conditions in November 2022
Authors: Panpiboon P , Noysena K , Yeeram T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Geomagnetic storms can cause severe space weather impacts on space technology, such as anomaly and loss of satellites and spacecraft. We investigate solar wind conditions in responsible for two consecutive geomagnetic storms driven by different sources: a high-speed solar wind stream (HSS) on November 3-4, 2022, and a coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with an M5.2 solar flare on November 7, 2022. Spatial and temporal variations in thermospheric density and auroral activity are studied for the two geomagnetic storms. Measurements from the Swarm satellite show that the HSS-driven geomagnetic storm enhanced the thermospheric density by ~69.4% at 462 km and by ~92.8% at 511 km, and the CME-driven geomagnetic storm enhanced it by ~99.4% at 462 km and by ~145% at 511 km. Images taken by the F17 DMSP/SSUSI indicate the auroral emission produced by CME-driven geomagnetic storm is significantly stronger than that produced by HSS-driven storm, while the HSS-driven auroras last longer than the CME-driven ones. The correlation between the hourly moving averaged SymH data and the thermospheric density is stronger for Swarm-A than for Swarm-B. The response times of the thermospheric density for the HSS-driven geomagnetic storm are zero at 462 km and ~47 minutes at 511 km, while for the CME-driven geomagnetic storm are ~28 minutes and ~35 minutes, respectively. This study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the change in the thermospheric density in relation to different geomagnetic activities.
Monte Carlo Simulation and measurement of Calibration Neutron Monitor count rate dependence on proximity to water
Authors: Duangjai B , Nuntiyakul W , Seripienlert A , Pagwhan A , Chaiwongkhot K , Sáiz A , Ruffolo D , Evenson P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to their global availability, neutron monitors play a crucial role in measuring time variations in the Galactic cosmic ray flux. A portable calibration neutron monitor (CalMon) is useful for intercalibrating various neutron monitors to ensure accurate measurements. A common technique to ensure that the calibration is done in a consistent environment is to place the CalMon at some height above a wide container (such as a portable swimming pool) filled with water. This study investigates the impact of CalMon height and water depth on the count rate ratio relative to a standard 18NM64 count rate recorded nearby (CalMon/18NM64). We compare simulated data from the FLUKA Monte Carlo package to experimental data from [1] to demonstrate the statistical accuracy of our simulation. Using the simulation results, we then extend the study of the proximity-to-water effect on the counting rate. In this work, we present a preliminary empirical model by analyzing the CalMon/18NM64 as a function of CalMon to water distance. Overall, our study enhances understanding of the response of calibration monitors (now often called “mini-neutron monitors”) operated in various locations worldwide, and validates the Monte Carlo techniques used to model the response of the global neutron monitor network.
Solar energetic particles propagation during solar events at the beginning of the 25th solar cycle
Authors: Khumlumlert T , Mongwanna T , Chuenkam P , Khotkhanti C , Karnjanapa W , Aiemsa-Ad N , Peldon D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Space weather is induced by solar events like solar flares, solar wind, the solar cycle, and coronal mass ejections. These solar events have the potential to affect various aspects of Earth, including radio communications, electric power failures, and navigation signals, and pose risks to spacecraft and astronauts. Solar activity is more or less intense according to the solar cycle. We are currently in the 25th solar cycle, which began in 2019. This research studies the space weather at the beginning of the 25th solar cycle using the distribution data obtained from spacecraft including the explosion on the Sun’s surface, by analyzing the solar energetic particles (SEPs) propagation. The distribution of SEPs with flux; F is given by a power law for solar events on November 29, 2020, July 3, 2021, and April 22, 2022, with indices 6.2, 4.5, and 1.8 depending on energy. The propagation of the SEPs was studied using Ruffolo’s transport equation, which was solved using the Finite-differences method. We found that solar flares with higher X-ray intensity have a longer movement along the irregular magnetic field and arrive at Earth more quickly than those with lower X-ray intensity. The SEPs are weaker and have no impact on Earth, although both events generated coronal mass ejection. The M-class and X-class solar flares occurred during the beginning of the 25th solar cycle, the position of explosion and injection time of particles resulted in space weather with little impact on Earth.
Analysis of Moon shadow from 2021-2022 LHAASO WCDA Data
Authors: Maburee J , Mitthumsiri W , Nuntiyakul W , Pattarakijwanich P , Ruffolo D , Sáiz A , Seripienlert A ,   LHAASO Collaboration
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a major ground-based array of cosmic-ray (CR) detectors in the Sichuan Province in China. The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is an essential component of LHAASO, which is designed to measure ~1-50 TeV CRs and gamma rays. As observed on Earth, the Moon blocks some CRs to create a shadow. Although CRs are mostly protons, WCDA can probabilistically identify some constituents (mostly electrons and photons) of CRs which produce electromagnetic (EM) showers in the atmosphere, using the “compactness” (C) of the showers as the criterion for which the higher C indicates the higher probability of an event being EM. The observed CR Moon shadow positions must be shifted from that of the actual Moon due to the deflection of charged particles by the Earth’s magnetic field. We analyze the LHAASO WCDA data from March 2021 to December 2022 to study the properties of the CR Moon shadows for events with C < 10 and C > 10, such as the shifted position and the size of the shadow at different energies. We found that i) CR shadows’ shifts decrease when energy increases, and ii) the higher the energy, the size of the CR shadows are more compact. This analysis is useful for detector calibration, event selection study, and understanding CR trajectories in the geomagnetic field.
Holographic RG flows from four-dimensional N = 2 gauged supergravities
Authors: Lunrasri Nutthaphat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In quantum field theories, the examination of particle interactions is facilitated through the application of Feynman diagrams. The computation of loop Feynman diagrams often yields divergent or infinite values. To tackle this issue, a method known as renormalization is employed, which entails the removal of these infinities. The phenomenon of a physical system undergoing changes under different scales gives rise to a concept referred to as the renormalization group. Certain renormalization group trajectories, denoted as RG flows, describe transformations of a conformal field theory (CFT) into other conformal or non-conformal theories. These transformations result in deformations of a UV conformal fixed point into another fixed point or into a non-conformal phase within the infrared (IR) regime. In this study, we investigate holographic RG flows originating from N = 2 gauged supergravity with an SO(2) × SO(6) gauge group. These solutions delineate RG flows from the N = 2 CFT to a three-dimensional non-conformal field theory driven by mass deformations. This transformation is elucidated through the AdS/CFT correspondence, also known as AdS/CFT holography.
Development of a solenoid magnet for emittance compensation
Authors: Jummunt S , Sunwong P , Prawanta S , Kwankasem A , Sooksrimuang V , Promdee W , Chaiyasit K , Aim-O P , Chunjarean S , Klinkhieo S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the implementation of a solenoid field to achieve electron beam focusing and compensation of transverse emittance, which is generated from photocathode RF gun. An extensive investigation was conducted to determine the optimal solenoid magnetic field required for focusing an electron bunch with a charge of 0.5 nC. A magnetic field strength of 0.25 T was chosen for emittance compensation, enabling the reduction of emittance to below 1.20 mm-mrad at the end of linac. The engineering design of the solenoid magnet for this system is presented in detail, ensuring precise dimensional tolerances within the range of ±30 µm. To ensure its effectiveness and reliability, extensive thermal and mechanical analyses were conducted. Currently, the prototype solenoid magnet is in the fabrication process.
Exploring the Zeeman effect in spectroscopy for laser frequency manipulation in optical systems
Authors: Tanasanchai N , Siriworakoonchai P , Udommai P , Anukool W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In optical systems, acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) and electro-optic modulators (EOMs) are commonly utilized for laser frequency manipulation. However, these devices come with drawbacks such as high cost and the requirement of optical adjustments to change the frequency shift direction. In this study, we propose an alternative method that harnesses the Zeeman effect in the saturated-absorption spectroscopy to shift the energy levels in atom. With this technique, the laser frequency can be shifted without the need for AOMs or EOMs. The stability of laser locking was investigated for any case of polarization of probe and pump beam. We found when the polarization of the probe and pump beams is linear and perpendicular, it results in the highest level of stability in laser locking compared to other polarization configurations.
Effect of laser detuning and Rabi frequency on rubidium Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency for atom-based electric field sensing
Authors: Ketaiam K , Thaicharoen N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Atom-based electromagnetic field sensing is a highly precise and sensitive technique for measuring and detecting electromagnetic fields, based on the principles of the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In this study, we simulate an atom-based electric field measurement system using a four-level system of rubidium atoms. We solve the steady-state solution of the Lindblad master equation using a Hamiltonian that contains information about rubidium properties and the external electric field. We observe that the splitting of the EIT signal is directly proportional to the intensity of the applied electric field, making it a highly sensitive method for electromagnetic field sensing. In addition, we investigate the effect of laser detuning and Rabi frequency on the linewidth and signal strength of the EIT signal in order to obtain optimal parameters for future experiments. This study provides insights into optimizing the EIT signal for electromagnetic fields detection, with potential benefits for future developments in this field.
The influence of extrinsic structural factors on the dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 ceramics
Authors: Khongrattana Prachit , Mani Marina , Khongpakdee Suwit , Boonlakhorn Jakkree , Srepusharawoot Pornjuk 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 was produced via a solid-state reaction method. The phase formation and crystal structure analyses indicate a body-centered cubic structure with the space group Im3. There were no observed secondary phases. A microstructural study revealed that, with the sintering time fixed at 3 h, the average grain size increases as the sintering temperature was raised from 1090 °C to 1110 °C. Interestingly, the dielectric permittivity of CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 ceramics increases from 3.53×104 to 8.04×104 as the sintering temperature was increased. In addition, the loss tangent of the CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 ceramic decreases from 0.086 to 0.043. Impedance spectroscopy reveals the construction of an internal barrier layer capacitor structure in CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 ceramics. The presence of Cu+ and Ti3+ in the CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 system is shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, indicating a charge compensation mechanism produced by the oxygen vacancy within the CaCu3Ti3.90Cr0.10O12 ceramics. Interfacial polarisation may be the most significant contributor to the high dielectric permittivity of these ceramics.
Analysis of superconducting critical temperature using numerical method
Authors: Rientong Komkrit , Natkunlaphat Nattawut , Pinsook Udomsilp 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Currently, many studies have shown that the critical temperature (Tc) of a superconductor can be predicted by using the BCS theory. In this work, we analyse Tc of superconductors, which is determined by the spectral function (α2F(ω)) derived from the interaction between electrons and phonons. The equation that we used for the calculation is

T

c

strong

=

f

1

f

2

T

c

weak

. In this equation,

T

c

weak

refers to the Allen-Dynes formula and f is the correction factor. We compare the Tc obtained from this equation with our method. Many important parameters are given and analysed, such as average coupling strength (λ), the square root of the average frequency square (ω2), and average logarithm frequency (ωln). We use numerical methods and expect to improve the equation to calculate Tc to be user-friendly. Normally, the calculation of Tc can be challenging and time-consuming. The most successful theory explaining the general properties of superconductors is the BCS theory. It explains the mechanism in which normal conductors become superconductors, and the pairing of electrons known as the Cooper pairing is formed by the electron-phonon interactions. In the past, the BCS theory predicted the limit of the critical temperature of superconductors to be around 30-40 kelvin. Recently, several researchers have been discovered a higher Tc value than the limited value from experiments under high pressure. Our method could provide a better analysis of appropriate Tc of superconductors to support new discoveries in the future.
The effect of cathode arc current on the structures of TiN thin films prepared by cathodic arc deposition
Authors: Honglertkongsakul Kanchaya , Choeysuppaket Attapol , Khwansungnoen Phalakorn , Rattana Tanattha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The titanium nitride (TiN) thin films were fabricated by the cathodic arc deposition technique. The effect of titanium cathode arc current on structural, chemical, and morphological properties of thin films was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The XRD results showed titanium nitride formation with a fcc phase structure for all samples and the preferred orientation changed from (111) to (200) plane with increasing the cathode arc current from 50 to 60 A. The crystallized sizes of the thin films increased as increasing the cathode arc current. In addition, the relationship between the size of the microdroplets on the coating surfaces and the arc current was examined.
Soil-to-organic Sangyod rice grain transfer factors (TF values) of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in Phatthalung province, Thailand
Authors: Kessaratikoon P , Sungkhao R , Charoenmak P , Changkit N , Boonkrongcheep R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The specific activities of natural (40K 226Ra and 232Th) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in paddy soil and organic Sangyod rice grain were measured and analyzed in this study with an aim to determine the soil-to-organic Sangyod rice grain transfer factors (TF values) of all required radionuclides in Don Pradu sub-district, Pak Phayun district in Phatthalung province in the south of Thailand. The high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma-ray spectrometry analysis system which were installed and used in advanced laboratory at TINT were used to conduct experiments to measure and analyze of all required radionuclides in this research. The average concentrations of 40K 226Ra, 232Th, and 137Cs in paddy soil were found to have a value of 657.30 ± 23.03, 180.01 ± 4.39, 162.02 ± 3.84 and < 1.81 Bq/kg respectively while in organic Sangyod rice grain, their values were 24.11 ± 2.01, 0.28 ± 0.07, 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.03 Bq/kg respectively. For TF values were calculated and found to be 0.037, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.055 for 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, and 137Cs, respectively. Furthermore, four important radiological hazard indices which are gamma-absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex) and annual external effective dose rate (AEDout) were also evaluated by using the average values of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th. In addition, by using the AEDout value, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR (outdoor)) in paddy soil in the study area would be also studied, evaluated and presented. Moreover, the evaluated TF values of required radionuclides were higher than that reported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2010 but the values were much lower than those in the study in Malaysia.
Performance of BL4.1 infrared beamline at SLRI
Authors: Artsang Pornapa , Phonthongchanthuek Thananphat , Chantharakhonm Chulalak , Nawong Siriwan , Uthaisar Chunmanus , Attarataya Jakrada , Srichan Sirinart , Tarawarakarn Pongjakr , Sittisart Krerkrit , Saiyasombat Chatree , Songsiriritthigul Prayoon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The mirror system of the infrared beamline, BL4.1, at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute was successfully re-aligned, and a new matching box was utilized to bring the collimated synchrotron-IR beam into the spectrometer. Fish sauce was used as the sample to examine the performance of the FT-IR measurements. It was found that synchrotron IR could resolve the secondary structure of amide I in the range 1600-1200 cm-1 while only the primary structure was observed when using IR from the Globar source. The absorption spectra taken using synchrotron IR exhibit a signal-to-noise ratio twice as high in the region 1290-1190 cm-1 and over ten times higher in the region 2550-2450 cm-1, comparing to those obtained by using the Globar source.