bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of ketorolac in the management of korneal abrasions
Authors: Goyal Raina , Shankar Jai , Fone David L. , Hughes David S. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate the role of topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) in the management of corneal abrasions with respect to symptoms and healing.Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, single center, randomised, placebo controlled, double‐blinded trial. Eighty‐eight consecutive patients with non‐infective, non‐contact lens related traumatic or foreign body removal related corneal abrasions were recruited to this study. They were randomised into two groups. Both groups were given a single instillation of Gutt. cyclopentolate 0.5% followed by chloramphenicol eye ointment four times a day until the following day. In addition, the treatment group received topical Ketorolac trometamol 0.5% ophthalmic solution while the control group received placebo Liquifilm tears. Patients were assessed at presentation and about twenty‐four hours later for subjective symptoms, abrasion size and any associated complications.Results: There was no statistical difference in the two groups at base line and twenty‐four hour follow‐up when assessed for five subjective symptoms of pain, photophobia, grittiness, watering and blurring of vision. However, those receiving topical ketorolac required significantly less additional oral analgesics (p=0.001). There was no difference in the rate of healing.Conclusion: Use of topical ketorolac may be a useful adjunct in the management of corneal abrasions.
Comparative study of vitrectomy for dropped nucleus with and without the use of perfluorocarbon liquid. Clinical, electrophysiological and visual field outcomes
Authors: Verma Lalit , Gogoi Madhurjya , Tewari Hem Kumar , Kumar Atul , Talwar Dinesh 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To compare pars plana vitrectomy for dropped nucleus with and without perfluorocarbon liquid.Methods: 24 eyes with dropped nucleus were randomized to undergo PPV with perfluorodecalin, (study, n=12) and without it (control, n=12). Visual acuity, IOP, visual evoked response and electroretinography were noted at study entry and up to 3 months after PPV. Humphrey perimetry was done at 3 months.Results: Final visual acuity was >20/60 in 75% of study eyes and 41.6% of controls. The two groups were statistically comparable with regard to the above parameters before PPV and during follow‐up. The timing of vitrectomy did not significantly influence the final visual acuity. A higher rate of complications was seen in the control group.Conclusions: Perfluorodecalin facilitated the procedure and possibly minimized complications, and was found to be safe for intraoperative use in terms of recovery of visual acuity, stable ERG and VER, and normal visual fields.
Refractive error and glaucoma
Authors: Grødum Kirsti , Heijl Anders , Bengtsson Bo 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study the association between refractive error, glaucoma damage and IOP in a large population.Methods: We examined 32,918 citizens of the city of Malmö, Sweden, 57–79 years of age, searching for individuals with undetected glaucoma. Refraction was measured with autorefractors. Glaucoma damage was defined as reproducible visual field defects with the Humphrey Full Threshold 24–2 program.Results: Glaucoma prevalence was clearly associated with refractive state, increasing gradually with increasing myopia. This was seen both in males and females and persisted over the full age range. Glaucoma was significantly more common in myopic than in hyperopic eyes with low IOP readings (p=0.024). The overrepresentation of glaucoma in myopic eyes declined with increasing IOP and no relationship was observed in eyes with IOP ≥31 mmHg.Conclusion: In this large population, the prevalence of glaucoma increased with increasing myopia. The association between myopia and glaucoma was strong at lower IOP levels, and weakened gradually with increasing IOP. Our findings indicate that myopia is an important risk factor for glaucoma and particularly for normal tension glaucoma.
Octreotide reduces ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in the retina
Authors: Celiker U. , Ilhan N. , Ozercan I. , Demir T. , Celiker H. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To investigate the role of octreotide on retinal lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).Methods:  Three groups of seven pigmented guinea pigs each were formed. These represented a control group, an ischaemia group and an ischaemia/octreotide group. One eye of each animal was selected for histopathological evaluation and the other for biochemical assay. Bilateral pressure‐induced retinal ischaemia was instigated for 90 min and was followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Animals in the ischaemia/octreotide and ischaemia groups received either 10 µg/kg of octreotide or saline, repeated five times at 6‐hourly intervals, with the first dose administered 15 min prior to the ischaemic insult. Retinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the thickness of the retinal layers were measured. These were compared with equivalent measurements of the control group.Results:  The mean MDA level increased in the ischaemia group (p < 0.01) but not in the octreotide group (p > 0.05). Significant increases in the thickness of the overall retina (p < 0.01), inner retina (p < 0.05) ganglion cell layer (p < 0.01) inner plexiform layer (p < 0.01) and inner nuclear layer (p < 0.01) were observed in the ischaemia group. No significant difference in thickness was found in any of the layers in the ischaemia/octreotide group.Conclusion:  Octreotide reduces the increases in retinal MDA levels and retinal thickness observed during I/R.
Progression of retinal nerve fibre layer damage in betaxolol‐ and timolol‐treated glaucoma patients
Authors: Vainio‐Jylhä Elina , Vuori Marja‐Liisa , Nummelin Kari 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  It has been suggested that there are differences between selective and non‐selective beta‐blocking agents in their ability to protect glaucomatous eyes. The purpose of this study was to follow glaucoma patients treated with either betaxolol 0.5% or timolol 0.25% ophthalmic solutions and to compare the rate and degree of progression in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects between the groups.Methods:  A total of 64 patients were prospectively recruited in a double‐masked study and randomly divided into two treatment groups. Retinal nerve fibre layer photographs were analysed. The incidence and total amount of progression in each group were recorded. The rate of impairment was demonstrated using Kaplan Meier survival curves.Results:  The analysis included 27 patients treated with betaxolol and 28 patients treated with timolol. Of these, 30% of betaxolol‐treated patients and 46% of timolol‐treated patients had RNFL damage progression (p = 0.20). The total amount or rate of progression did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) levels between the groups (p = 0.68) during follow‐up. The degree of RNFL deterioration did not correlate to the amount of IOP reduction.Conclusion:  The group treated with betaxolol 0.5% and the group treated with timolol 0.25% did not differ significantly in RNFL damage progression.
Expression of 5′‐nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase in human aqueous drainage channels
Authors: Krohn Jørgen , Rødahl Eyvind 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  Lymphatic vessels and blood vessels can be distinguished histochemically by their expression of 5′‐nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of these enzymes in human aqueous drainage channels with that seen in lymphatics and blood vessels.
Methods:
Histological sections from the angular regions of human eyes were prepared both by enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to analyse 5′‐nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase expression. In some of these eyes, Indian ink‐stained gelatine was injected into Schlemm's canal and the suprachoroidal space to facilitate the identification of aqueous drainage routes.Results:  There was no expression of 5′‐nucleotidase in the endothelium of aqueous drainage channels. Ocular blood vessels were characterized by strong expression of alkaline phosphatase, whereas the cellular lining of Schlemm's canal, the collector channels, the aqueous veins and a scleral channel from the suprachoroidal space showed significantly weaker expression or no expression at all.Conclusion:  The study failed to show a histochemical similarity between lymphatics and human aqueous drainage channels, as no expression of 5′‐nucleotidase could be found in any part of the aqueous outflow pathway. The endothelium of aqueous drainage channels also differed from normal blood vessels by a much weaker expression of alkaline phosphatase. This makes a histochemical distinction between aqueous veins and scleral veins possible.
IL‐1 gene polymorphism and smoking as risk factors for peri‐implant bone loss in a well‐maintained population
Authors: Feloutzis Andreas , Lang Niklaus P. , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Bürgin Walter , Brägger Urs , Buser Daniel , Duff Gordon W. , Kornman Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The aim of the present study was (i) to investigate the relation between specific interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) gene polymorphisms and peri‐implant bone loss at osseointegrated ITI® dental implants and (ii) to explore the association between these allelic variants of the IL‐1 gene complex and peri‐implant mucosal inflammation, in both smoking and non‐smoking individuals. A sample of 90 consecutive Caucasian patients (aged 33–88 years), treated with at least one ITI‐implant participated in this retrospective investigation. Standardized periapical radiographs were taken after prosthetic rehabilitation (133.6 days, SD 136.9 days) and at the time of the re‐examination, on average 5.6 years (SD 2.5 years) thereafter. The radiographs were analyzed by a calibrated examiner for changes in peri‐implant bone levels. The examiner was blind with respect to clinical parameters and IL‐1 status. The distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone‐implant contact (DIB) at the respective time points were measured using a computerized method. The absolute bone level difference during the years of service (ABL) and the annual bone loss (ΔBL/year) were calculated for all the implants. Percentages of full mouth bleeding on probing (BOP), as well as of BOP calculated separately for teeth and implants, were determined for all visits and averaged for the entire observation period. Out of the total patient sample, there were 14 heavy smokers (= 20 cigarettes/day), 14 moderate smokers (5–19 cigarettes/day), 23 previous smokers (smoking cessation > 5 years) and 39 non‐smokers. Twenty‐eight (31.11%) patients were IL‐1 genotype positive. Upon stratification for smoking status, significant differences were found for the variables ABL (P < 0.04, U‐test) and ΔBL/year (P < 0.04, U‐test) between non‐smokers and heavy smokers for the IL‐1 genotype positive group but not for the IL‐1 genotype negative group. Moreover, significant differences in ABL (P < 0.04, U‐test) and ΔBL/year (P < 0.04, U‐test) were identified between former smokers and heavy smokers for the IL‐1 genotype positive group. The differences in inflammatory parameters (BOP) did not reach statistical significance.This study suggests that in heavy cigarette smokers, carriage of a functionally significant IL‐1 gene complex polymorphism is associated with an increased risk for peri‐implant bone loss following prosthetic reconstruction and during the supportive periodontal care phase of the treatment.
Detection of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI‐2) in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients
Authors: Yin Xiao , Bunn Clive L. , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The regulation of plasminogen activation is a key element in controlling proteolytic events in the extracellular matrix. Our previous studies had demonstrated that in inflamed gingival tissues, tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) is significantly increased in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue and that interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) can up regulate the level of t‐PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐2 (PAI‐2) synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts.Method: In the present study, the levels of t‐PA and PAI‐2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites and compared before and after periodontal treatment. Crevicular fluid from106 periodontal sites in 33 patients were collected. 24 sites from 11 periodontitis patients received periodontal treatment after the first sample collection and post‐treatment samples were collected 14 days after treatment. All samples were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for t‐PA and PAI‐2.Results: The results showed that significantly high levels of t‐PA and PAI‐2 in GCF were found in the gingivitis and periodontitis sites. Periodontal treatment led to significant decreases of PAI‐2, but not t‐PA, after 14 days. A significant positive linear correlation was found between t‐PA and PAI‐2 in GCF (r=0.80, p<0.01). In the healthy group, different sites from within the same subject showed little variation of t‐PA and PAI‐2 in GCF. However, the gingivitis and periodontitis sites showed large variation. These results suggest a good correlation between t‐PA and PAI‐2 with the severity of periodontal conditions.Conclusion: This study indicates that t‐PA and PAI‐2 may play a significant rôle in the periodontal tissue destruction and tissue remodeling and that t‐PA and PAI‐2 in GCF may be used as clinical markers to evaluate the periodontal diseases and assess treatment.
Smoking and GCF levels of IL‐1β and IL‐1ra in periodontal disease
Authors: Boström Lennart , Linder Lars E. , Bergström Jan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAims: GCF levels of the cytokine IL‐1β and its receptor antagonist IL‐1ra were analyzed with respect to smoking in patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease. The study population included 22 smokers and 18 non‐smokers in the age range 32–86 years. Concomitantly, the GCF levels of IgA, IgG, albumin and total protein were analyzed.Method: Samples of GCF were obtained from 2 diseased sites in each patient by means of an aspiration method. IL‐1β, IL‐1ra, IgA and IgG were determined with immunoelectrophoresis. Total protein was determined by the BCA method.Results: The clinical characteristics in terms of probing depth and frequency of diseased sites and supragingival plaque did not differ between smokers and non‐smokers. Gingival bleeding, however, was significantly depressed in smokers. IL‐1β was detected in GCF of 95% of both smokers and non‐smokers and IL‐1ra in all patients. The GCF level of IL‐1ra was approximately 1000‐fold that of IL‐1β. The GCF levels of IL‐1β and IL‐1ra were high in comparison with those of TNF‐α and IL‐6 determined by the same method in our earlier studies.Conclusion: Our observations did not reveal any influence of smoking on the levels of IL‐1β and IL‐1ra in GCF.
The periodontal abscess: a review
Authors: Herrera David , Roldán Silvia , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: The periodontal abscess is a frequent periodontal condition in which periodontal tissues may be rapidly destroyed. Its importance is based on the possible need of urgent care, the affectation of tooth prognosis, and the possibility of infection spreading. There is scant information in the scientific literature regarding this condition and most of it has been published as case reports and text books, where conclusions are not evidence‐based, but rather empirical observations made by recognised clinicians. The aim of this review was to critically analyse all available information on this subject in the dental and medical literature, including information on its prevalence, proposed etiologies and pathogenesis, diagnosis, microbiology and treatment alternatives.The periodontal abscess is the 3rd most frequent dental emergency, and it is specially prevalent among untreated periodontal patients and periodontal patients during maintenance. Different etiologies have been proposed, and 2 main groups can be distinguished, depending on its relation with periodontal pockets. In the case of a periodontitis‐related abscess, the condition may appear as an exacerbation of a non‐treated periodontitis or during the course of periodontal therapy. In non‐periodontitis related abscesses, impactation of foreign objects, and radicular abnormalities are the 2 main causes. The abscess microflora seems to be similar to that of adult periodontitis, and it is dominated by gram‐negative anaerobic rods, including well‐known periodontal pathogens. Complications and consequences include tooth loss and the spread of the infection to other body sites. Diagnosis and treatment is mainly based on empiricism, since evidence‐based data are not available. The rôle of systemic antibiotics, in the treatment of periodontal abscesses, is especially controversial.
Treatment of intrabony defects with guided tissue regeneration and enamel‐matrix‐proteins
Authors: Sculean A. , Donos N. , Brecx M. , Reich E. , Karring T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Enamel matrix proteins (EMD) have recently been introduced in regenerative periodontal treatment. However, no histological data are yet available concerning the effect of treating intrabony periodontal defects with EMD, and no histological comparisons have been made comparing the result of treatment of intrabony defects with EMD with that of the treatment with guided tissue regeneration (GTR).Aim: Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate histologically in monkeys the effect of treating intrabony defects with EMD, GTR or combined EMD and GTR.Method: Intrabony periodontal defects were produced surgically at the distal aspect of teeth 14, 11, 21, 24, 34, 31, 41 and 44 in 3 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In order to prevent spontaneous healing and to enhance plaque accumulation metal strips were placed into the defects. After 6 weeks the defects were exposed using a full‐thickness flap procedure. The granulation tissue was removed and the root surfaces were debrided by means of hand instruments. Subsequently, the defects were treated using one of the following therapies: (i) GTR, (ii) EMD, or (iii) combination of EMD and GTR. The control defects were treated with coronally repositioned flaps. After 5 months, the animals were sacrificed and perfused with 10% buffered formalin for fixation. Specimens containing the defects and surrounding tissues were dissected free, decalcified in EDTA and embedded in paraffin. 8 μm thick histological sections were cut and stained and subsequently examined under the light microscope.Results: In the control specimens, the healing was characterized by a long junctional epithelium and limited periodontal regeneration (i.e., new periodontal ligament, new cementum with inserting connective tissue fibers and new bone) in the bottom of the defect. The GTR‐treated defects consistently presented periodontal regeneration when the membranes were not exposed whereas the sites treated only with EMD presented regeneration to a varying extent. The combined therapy did not seem to improve the results.Conclusion: It can be concluded that all 3 treatment modalities favor periodontal regeneration.
Fcα receptor I (CD89) on neutrophils in periodontal lesions
Authors: Yuan Zuan‐Ning , Gjermo Per , Helgeland Kristen , Schenck Karl 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAims: In this study, we have examined the occurence of FcαRI‐bearing cells in gingival tissue, gingival fluid and blood, in search for possible roles of IgA and FcαRI in periodontal lesions.Methods: Gingival biopsies from inflamed and healthy sites were obtained from patients with chronic marginal periodontitis. Sections of inflamed gingiva were examined by immunofluorescence techniques and compared to sections from healthy sites. Smears were made from blood and gingival crevicular fluid and similarly studied.Results: Dense infiltrates of neutrophils with strong expression of FcαRI (and FcγRIII) were found in connective tissue and epithelium of the apical part of periodontal pockets from diseased sites. In contrast, only few such cells were found in healthy gingiva from the same patients. Neutrophils in gingival fluid, tissue and blood expressed FcαRI with similar intensity, whereas the expression of FcγRIII was significantly decreased in gingival crevicular fluid. Considerable numbers of bacteria from gingival plaque were found to be covered by IgA.Conclusion: It is suggested that FcαRI on neutrophils may play an important rôle in elimination of IgA‐opsonized bacteria, both in periodontal tissue and the adjacent pockets.
Reduced numbers of Langerhans cells and increased HLA‐DR expression in keratinocytes in the oral gingival epithelium of HIV‐infected patients with periodontitis
Authors: Myint M. , Yuan Z. N. , Schenck K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: HIV‐seropositive (HIV+) patients become increasingly susceptible to periodontal diseases as HIV infection proceeds. We have previously shown that HIV+ patients with chronic marginal periodontitis (CMP) have remarkably increased numbers of gingival plasma cells in the connective tissue underlying the oral gingival epithelium, but depressed specific serum IgG levels towards periodontopathogenic bacteria. Langerhans cells (LC) and keratinocytes (KC) are antigen‐presenting cells that are important in promoting immune responses.Method: In this study we examined, by means of immunofluorescence, the distribution and numbers of LC and activated KC in biopsies taken from inflamed periodontal sites in HIV+, HIV− patients with CMP.Results: In the pocket epithelium in both patient groups, basal layer KC expressed HLA‐DR molecules. In the oral gingival epithelium of HIV+ patients, basal layer KC also expressed HLA‐DR molecules and numbers of LC were decreased as compared with HIV− persons.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the oral gingiva in HIV+ patients may be affected by inflammation.