bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early childhood‐onset rumination syndrome is clinically distinct from adolescent‐onset rumination syndrome
Authors: Yang Dennis M. , Sabella Julia , Kroon Van Diest Ashley , Bali Neetu , Vaz Karla , Yacob Desale , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lu Peter L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesRumination syndrome (RS) beginning in early childhood or infancy is understudied and challenging to treat. Our objective is to compare the characteristics and outcomes of early‐onset (EO) and adolescent‐onset (AO) patients with RS.MethodsWe conducted an ambidirectional cohort study of children diagnosed with RS at our institution. Patients were included in two groups: EO (RS symptom onset ≤5 years and diagnosis ≤12 years) and AO (onset >12 years). Patient characteristics, severity, and outcomes were compared between the groups.ResultsWe included 49 EO and 52 AO RS patients. The median ages of symptom onset and diagnosis in EO were 3.5 and 6 years, respectively; AO, 14.5 and 15 years. EO RS had a slight male predominance while AO was predominantly female (p = 0.016). EO patients were more likely to have developmental delay (24% vs. 8%, p = 0.029) and less likely to have depression (0% vs. 23%, p < 0.001) or anxiety (14% vs. 40%, p = 0.004). At baseline, EO RS was less severe than AO RS: EO RS had greater regurgitation frequency (p < 0.001) but lower vomiting frequency (p = 0.001), resulting in less meal skipping (p < 0.001), reliance on tube feeding or parenteral nutrition (p < 0.001), and weight loss (p = 0.035). EO RS symptoms improved over time: at follow‐up, patients had lower regurgitation (p < 0.001) and vomiting frequency (p < 0.001) compared to baseline.ConclusionEO RS is clinically distinct from AO RS, with differences in sex distribution, comorbid conditions, and severity of initial presentation. The pathogenesis and natural history of EO RS may be distinct from that of AO RS.
Forest fires in southwest Western Siberia: the impact of climate and economic transitions over 9000 years
Authors: Ryabogina N. E. , Nesterova M. I. , Utaygulova R. R. , Trubitsyna E. D. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTHere we compare the long‐term dynamics of fires in the southern taiga of Western Siberia with changes in the environment and ancient economies. Utilizing charcoal particles extracted from peat sediments, we assess charcoal accumulation rates to identify the neighborhood level of fires. Comparison of changes in vegetation, climate and land‐use history with fire dynamics reveals that wildfires were climate‐dependent but inconsequential during the first half of the Holocene (9.0–4.1k cal a bp) in the hunter‐gatherer period. Critical changes and a notable increase in fires were observed in the Late Holocene when pyrogenic events correlate poorly with changes in vegetation cover and climate. Nevertheless, after 4.1k cal a
bp, a direct relationship between fire frequency and economic features emerged, primarily linked to the introduction of animal husbandry and metallurgy, along with an increase in the number of settlements. Subsequently, fire activity increased, remaining higher even during periods of cooling and increased humidity, and this appears to have been related more closely to the economic strategies and periods of depopulation. Thus, even in Siberia, where agriculture had not been practised until the last few centuries, the transition to a productive economy in the Bronze Age brought decisive changes in the dynamics of forest fires.
Anterior talofibular ligament's superior fascicle as a cause of ankle microinstability can be routinely identified by ultrasound
Authors: Esparó Jordi , Vega Jordi , Cordier Guillaume , Johnson Rowena , Dallaudière Benjamin , Gasol‐Santa Xavier , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeChronic pain can affect up to 40% of patients after ankle inversion sprains. The current hypothesis to explain this high percentage of chronic pain is a partial/total rupture of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) superior fascicle, a structure that has recently been described as intra‐articular and as having a different function than ATFL's inferior fascicle. This has created the need for diagnosing ATFL superior and inferior fascicles independently. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate if the ATFL's superior fascicle can be visualized on ultrasound, and to describe its ultrasonographic appearance.MethodsTwenty fresh‐frozen ankle specimens were used in this 4‐phases study. First, the specimens were scanned on US to identify what was believed to be ATFL's superior fascicle. Second, ATFL's superior fascicle was sutured under direct arthroscopic vision. Next, the specimens were scanned on US to obtain an image of the sutured structure. Finally, the specimens were dissected to confirm that the suture was indeed placed on ATFL's superior fascicle.ResultsOn the 20 specimens studied, full correlation was obtained between US, arthroscopic suture and specimen dissection. ATFL's superior fascicle US appearance is provided.ConclusionATFL's superior fascicle can be visualized on US, which will allow to undergo diagnosis of isolated injuries to that fascicle, a common finding in ankle microinstability. The results of this study will facilitate the diagnosis of partial or complete rupture of ATFL's superior fascicle, likely increasing the amount of ankle microinstability diagnosis, impacting clinical management of ankle sprain consequences.
Outcomes of Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy Performed in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saturno Michael , Shaari Ariana L. , Yun Jun , Wein Lauren E. , Shaari Diana , Kappauf Catharine , Laitman Benjamin M. , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate oncologic outcomes of all published cases of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) performed in the United States. The secondary objective was to assess the functional outcomes associated with this procedure.Review MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase for all English‐language studies pertaining to SCPL performed in the United States was conducted until August 2021. Primary outcomes included disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival, and local recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes included larynx preservation rate, gastrostromy tube dependency, days to gastrostomy tube removal, decannulation rate, and days to decannulation.ResultsA total of six studies were included in the analysis. A total of 113 patients (58.5%) underwent SCPL surgery as a primary treatment method whereas 80 patients (41.5%) underwent SCPL as salvage surgery. The 5‐year DSS rates were 87.8% and 100% for primary and salvage procedures, respectively. Approximately 10.3% of patients undergoing a salvage SCPL procedure experienced a local recurrence whereas only 1.85% of primary SCPL procedures resulted in local recurrence. The rates of decannulation following primary and salvage SCPL were 92.7% and 88.1%, respectively. With regard to swallowing, primary and salvage SCPL procedures demonstrated comparably low postoperative gastrostomy tube dependency rates of 3.66% and 4.76%, respectively.ConclusionsSCPL performed in the United States is an effective surgical technique that produces excellent outcomes in qualifying patients, thus validating its viability as an organ‐preserving surgical alternative. Laryngoscope, 134:3003–3011, 2024
The use of fractional radiofrequency in Asian patients to improve skin texture
Authors: Chan Mandy W. M. , Chan Agnes W. S. , Wong Christina S. M. , Shek Samantha Y. N. , Yeung Chi Keung , Kono Taro , Chan Henry H. L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFractional radiofrequency devices have been demonstrated to improve skin texture, such as smoothness, rhytides, brightness, and atrophic acne scars, by increasing dermal thickness, dermal collagen content, and dermal fibrillin content. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of this device on Asian patients of skin type III and IV with skin textural changes.Materials and MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective, open‐labeled single‐arm study, which was conducted with 20 Chinese patients aged 21–60 years and having irregularities in their skin texture, rhytides, and acne scars. The patients received six treatments at intervals of 4 weeks. Treatment was initiated with the maximum energy tolerated, which was then adjusted during the course of treatment if the patients felt excessive discomfort. A total of two passes were delivered in each session. Physician assessment results and standardized photographs were collected at the baseline, after all treatment visits, and at 1, 2, and 6 months after the final treatment visit.ResultsA total of 17 patients completed the study according to the established protocol. At the 6‐month follow‐up, 71% of patients were satisfied and 24% of patients were very satisfied with the received treatments, and the treatment physician reported varying degrees of improvement based on the global assessment scale in 60% of the subjects. While the anticipated side effects, such as erythema, edema, pinpoint bleeding, scab formation, and flare of acne, were noted in the patients, no serious adverse effects occurred.ConclusionThe use of fractional radiofrequency improves skin texture and is safe for use in Asian patients of skin type III and IV. No long‐term serious adverse effects were noted.
Recommended implementation of quantitative susceptibility mapping for clinical research in the brain: A consensus of the ISMRM electro‐magnetic tissue properties study group
Authors:   QSM Consensus Organization Committee, Bilgic Berkin , Costagli Mauro , Chan Kwok‐Shing , Duyn Jeff , Langkammer Christian , Lee Jongho , Li Xu , Liu Chunlei , Marques José P. , Milovic Carlos , Robinson Simon Daniel , Schweser Ferdinand , Shmueli Karin , Spincemaille Pascal , Straub Sina , van Zijl Peter , Wang Yi ,   ISMRM Electro‐Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article provides recommendations for implementing QSM for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Electro‐Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development continues to advance rapidly, the current QSM methods have been demonstrated to be repeatable and reproducible for generating quantitative tissue magnetic susceptibility maps in the brain. However, the many QSM approaches available have generated a need in the neuroimaging community for guidelines on implementation. This article outlines considerations and implementation recommendations for QSM data acquisition, processing, analysis, and publication. We recommend that data be acquired using a monopolar 3D multi‐echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence and that phase images be saved and exported in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format and unwrapped using an exact unwrapping approach. Multi‐echo images should be combined before background field removal, and a brain mask created using a brain extraction tool with the incorporation of phase‐quality‐based masking. Background fields within the brain mask should be removed using a technique based on SHARP or PDF, and the optimization approach to dipole inversion should be employed with a sparsity‐based regularization. Susceptibility values should be measured relative to a specified reference, including the common reference region of the whole brain as a region of interest in the analysis. The minimum acquisition and processing details required when reporting QSM results are also provided. These recommendations should facilitate clinical QSM research and promote harmonized data acquisition, analysis, and reporting.
An adaptive sampling algorithm for reduced‐order models using Isomap
Authors: Halder Rakesh , Fidkowski Krzysztof J. , Maki Kevin J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of reduced‐order models (ROMs) in physics‐based modeling and simulation is a popular tool for drastically lowering the computational cost associated with high‐fidelity simulations. ROMs use training data from a set of computed high‐fidelity simulations with different design parameters that control physical and geometric properties of the full‐order model. The quality of the training data dictates the performance of the ROM, making the choice of training design parameters important. A widely used method for generating training parameters for ROMs is Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), a statistical method that aims to maximize the distance and minimize the correlation amongst produced samples. However, LHS fails to account for the physics of the full‐order model and can lead to an over‐representation of some physical regimes in the training data while neglecting others. In this work, we present a computationally efficient adaptive sampling method for ROMs using Isomap, a versatile algorithm for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Using an initial number of samples, the adaptive sampling algorithm iteratively generates samples based on a low‐dimensional manifold of the training data. When applied to two external aerodynamics problems, the proposed adaptive sampling algorithm offers significantly improved performance in predicting physical fields and coefficients of lift and drag for a given computational budget for both non‐intrusive and projection‐based ROMs.
High‐velocity impact behavior of nonwoven mats and unidirectional prepreg hemp and flax fibers reinforced hybrid biocomposites
Authors: Baysal Ataberk , Turkmen Halit Suleyman , Yayla Paşa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh specific impact strength and stiffness are demanded in various applications, leading to the widespread utilization of fiber‐reinforced polymers. Synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymers have been used to meet these engineering requirements. However, the current popularity of biocomposites arises from their environmental friendliness, ease of availability, and affordability, making them a favored alternative to synthetic‐based fiber‐reinforced polymers. An assessment must be conducted to determine whether biocomposites can replace their synthetic fiber counterparts, necessitating a thorough investigation into their impact behavior. This study aims to unveil the impact performance of hybrid biocomposites made from unidirectional prepregs comprising flax/polypropylene fibers and nonwoven mats composed of hemp/polypropylene fibers. The impact performance of hybrid biocomposites has also been studied concerning the number of layers and stacking sequence. Eight different designs of biocomposite plates are manufactured through compression molding and subsequently subjected to high‐velocity impact tests. Additionally, numerical simulation using the FEM is utilized to model and analyze the impact behavior of one specimen. The test results indicate that each design possesses unique characteristics and impact behaviors differ.Highlights
Adding prepreg significantly improved mechanical performance in the biocomposites.
Performance enhancement varies depending on the stacking sequence.
Adding multiple layers of UD prepregs enhances mat impact performance.
Numerical simulations validate the Tsai‐Wu criterion for impact testing.
Indications and practice of home invasive mechanical ventilation in children
Authors: Bayav Secahattin , Çobanoğlu Nazan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDevelopments and technological advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units have led to a prolonged life expectancy of pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure. Therefore, the number of hemodynamically stable pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure who need mechanical ventilator assistance throughout the day has significantly increased.AimsNumerous conditions, including parenchymal lung diseases, airway disorders, neuromotor disorders, or respiratory defects, can lead to chronic respiratory failure. For individuals who cannot tolerate non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is the only suitable choice. Due to increasing need, mechanical ventilator technology is continuously evolving.ResultsAs a result of this process, home‐type mechanical ventilators have been produced for patients requiring long‐term IMV. Patients with chronic respiratory failure can be safely monitored at home with these ventilators.DiscussionHome follow‐up of these patients has many benefits such as an increase in general quality of life and a positive contribution to their emotional and cognitive development.ConclusionIn this compilation, indications for home‐based IMV, features of home invasive mechanical ventilators (HMVs), patient monitoring, and the detailed advantages of using IMV at home will be elucidated.
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation during less invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants: An open‐label randomized controlled study
Authors: Dani Carlo , Napolitano Marcello , Barone Ciro , Manna Angelo , Nigro Gabriella , Scarpelli Gianfranco , Bonanno Elvira , Gatto Sara , Cavigioli Francesco , Forcellini Carlo , Petoello Enrico , Beghini Renzo , Ciarcià Martina , Fusco Monica , Mosca Fabio , Lavizzari Anna , Gitto Eloisa , Barbuscia Letteria , Betta Pasqua , Mattia Carmine , Corvaglia Luigi , Vedovato Stefania , Vento Giovanni , Maffei Gianfranco , Falsaperla Raffaele , Lago Paola , Boni Luca , Lista Gianluca ,   NIPAL Trial Investigators
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionApproximately half of very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) fail treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and need mechanical ventilation (MV).ObjectivesOur aim with this study was to evaluate if nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during less invasive surfactant treatment (LISA) can improve respiratory outcome compared with NCPAP.Materials and MethodsWe carried out an open‐label randomized controlled trial at tertiary neonatal intensive care units in which infants with RDS born at 25+0−31+6 weeks of gestation between December 1, 2020 and October 31, 2022 were supported with NCPAP before and after surfactant administration and received NIPPV or NCPAP during LISA. The primary endpoint was the need for a second dose of surfactant or MV in the first 72 h of life. Other endpoints were need and duration of invasive and noninvasive respiratory supports, changes in SpO2/FiO2 ratio after LISA, and adverse effect rate.ResultsWe enrolled 101 infants in the NIPPV group and 99 in the NCPAP group. The unadjusted odds ratio for the composite primary outcome was 0.873 (95% confidence interval: 0.456–1.671; p = .681). We found that the SpO2/FiO2 ratio was transiently higher in the LISA plus NIPPV than in the LISA plus NCPAP group, while adverse effects of LISA had similar occurrence in the two arms.ConclusionsThe application of NIPPV or NCPAP during LISA in very preterm infants supported with NCPAP before and after surfactant administration had similar effects on the short‐term respiratory outcome and are both safe. Our study does not support the use of NIPPV during LISA.
Time to be blunt: Substance use in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Vaziri Sanaz , McGarry Meghan E. , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Cuneo Addison A. , Willen Shaina M. , Iwanaga Kensho , Neemuchwala Fatima , Gibb Elizabeth R. , Chan Marilynn , Ly Ngoc P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs the population of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) continues to age, attention is shifting towards addressing the unique challenges teenagers and adults face, including substance use. Changing attitudes and legality regarding marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) may influence their use among pwCF, but data on the rate of use, reasons for use, and administration methods are lacking.ObjectiveInvestigate marijuana, CBD, e‐cigarette, and cigarette usage among pwCF and explore differences in demographics, disease severity, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) modulator use between recent users and nonusers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a one‐time electronic survey to assess marijuana, CBD, e‐cigarette, and cigarette use in pwCF aged >13 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between recent users and nonusers. The association between recent substance use and CFTR modulator use was analyzed using logistic regressions.ResultsAmong 226 participants, 29% used marijuana, 22% used CBD, 27% used e‐cigarettes, and 22% used cigarettes in the last 12 months. Users of all substances were more likely to be college‐educated or aged 29‐39 years than nonusers. E‐cigarette users were 2.9 times more likely to use CFTR modulators (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.98–11.00, p = .08) and marijuana users were 2.5 times more likely to use CFTR modulators compared to nonusers, adjusted for confounders. CBD, e‐cigarettes, and cigarettes users were more likely to have an abnormal mental health screen compared to nonusers. A high proportion of never‐users of marijuana and CBD expressed interest in using.ConclusionSubstance use is more prevalent among pwCF than previously reported and needs to be addressed by healthcare providers.
ATP‐independent assembly machinery of bacterial outer membranes: BAM complex structure and function set the stage for next‐generation therapeutics
Authors: George Anjana , Patil Akanksha Gajanan , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiderm bacteria employ β‐barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as their first line of communication with their environment. These OMPs are assembled efficiently in the asymmetric outer membrane by the β‐Barrel Assembly Machinery (BAM). The multi‐subunit BAM complex comprises the transmembrane OMP BamA as its functional subunit, with associated lipoproteins (e.g., BamB/C/D/E/F, RmpM) varying across phyla and performing different regulatory roles. The ability of BAM complex to recognize and fold OM β‐barrels of diverse sizes, and reproducibly execute their membrane insertion, is independent of electrochemical energy. Recent atomic structures, which captured BAM–substrate complexes, show the assembly function of BamA can be tailored, with different substrate types exhibiting different folding mechanisms. Here, we highlight common and unique features of its interactome. We discuss how this conserved protein complex has evolved the ability to effectively achieve the directed assembly of diverse OMPs of wide‐ranging sizes (8–36 β‐stranded monomers). Additionally, we discuss how darobactin—the first natural membrane protein inhibitor of Gram‐negative bacteria identified in over five decades—selectively targets and specifically inhibits BamA. We conclude by deliberating how a detailed deduction of BAM complex—associated regulation of OMP biogenesis and OM remodeling will open avenues for the identification and development of effective next‐generation therapeutics against Gram‐negative pathogens.