bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve month test–retest reliability of a Japanese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Personality Disorders
Authors: Osone Akira , Takahashi Saburo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the long‐interval test–retest reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn; DSM‐IV) Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID‐II) Japanese version. One hundred and twenty outpatients with anxiety disorders completed the self‐report SCID‐II personality questionnaire (SCID‐II‐PQ) and structured interviews, and then again 12 months later. In the SCID‐II‐PQ, 70.8% and 71.7% of the patients had a personality disorder (PD) at the first evaluation and second evaluation 12 months later, respectively, and Cohen's kappas ranged from 0.29 for paranoid PD to 0.83 for histrionic PD, and overall kappa was 0.56. In the SCID‐II interviews, 47.5% and 41.7% of the patients fulfilled the criteria for PD at the first and the second evaluations, respectively. At least one PD was identified in 49 subjects (40.8%), of whom 65.3% had one PD, 30.6% had two PD, 2% had three PD, and 2% had four PD; the most frequently diagnosed PD were from cluster C (60.9%). The overall base rate of 12 PD was 7%, and overall kappa was 0.87. Cohen's kappas ranged from 0.86 for obsessive–compulsive PD to 0.93 for avoidant PD and schizoid PD, and were comparable with those in the previous interrater studies. The test–retest reliability of the SCID‐II‐PQ was moderately good, and after the SCID‐II interview the test–retest reliability of the SCID‐II appeared to be of almost perfect reliability. This first long‐interval, large‐sample, non‐Western‐language research on the test–retest reliability of the SCID‐II for DSM‐IV indicated its usefulness and excellent reliability.
Effects of circadian typology on sleep–wake behavior of air traffic controllers
Authors: Natale Vincenzo , Martoni Monica , Cicogna Piercarla 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe effects of circadian typology on sleep–wake behavior in shiftworkers were investigated using wrist actigraph in 18 air traffic controllers (ATC), nine morning types and nine evening types, working in a backward 1‐1‐1 super rapid rotation shift schedule. The ATC wore a wrist actigraph continuously over 6 days (3 days on duty and 3 days off duty). Evening types presented more flexible sleep habits and slept significantly less than morning types. Regardless of circadian typology, the morning shift tended to reduce the amount of sleep whereas night shift produced a decrease in daily activity.
Open pilot study of gabapentin versus trazodone to treat insomnia in alcoholic outpatients
Authors: Karam‐Hage Maher , Brower Kirk J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAlcohol‐dependent outpatients with persisting insomnia were treated with either gabapentin or trazodone. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 4–6 weeks on medication using the Sleep Problems Questionnaire (SPQ). Of 55 cases initially treated, 9% dropped out due to morning drowsiness. Of the remaining 50 cases, 34 were treated with gabapentin (mean dose ± SD = 888 ± 418 mg) at bedtime and 16 were treated with trazodone (105 ± 57 mg) at bedtime. Both groups improved significantly on the SPQ but the gabapentin group improved significantly more than the trazodone group. Controlled studies are warranted to replicate these findings.
Mutation and association analysis of the DAP‐1 gene with schizophrenia
Authors: Aoyama Shinsuke , Shirakawa Osamu , Ono Hisae , Hashimoto Takeshi , Kajimoto Yasuo , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractGlutamate dysfunction has been hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The human homolog of Drosophila discs large protein (hDLG) and post‐synaptic density‐95‐associated protein‐1 (DAP‐1) is one of the major proteins that are involved in intracellular signal transduction via N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. In the present study 33 Japanese patients with schizophrenia were screened for mutations in the DAP‐1 gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the DAP‐1 gene (1618A/G). A case–control study using a larger sample of unrelated patients and controls did not reveal a significant association between this polymorphism and schizophrenia. The results do not provide evidence that the DAP‐1 gene is involved in vulnerability to schizophrenia.
Labor Induction Rate Variation in Upstate New York: What Is the Difference?
Authors: Glantz J. Christopher 
Published: August 2003

Abstract: Background: Labor induction rates in the United States rose from 9.0 percent in 1989 to 20.5 percent in 2001, but reasons for the increase are poorly defined. A birth database from a region of upstate New York, including 31,352 deliveries from 1998 through 1999, was used to determine the degree of variation of labor induction rates among hospitals and practitioners.Methods: Total and elective labor induction rates were calculated for 16 hospitals and individual staff, and then evaluated using chi‐square testing and regression.Results: Using all laboring women as the denominator, the regional labor induction rate was 20.8 percent; of these inductions, 25 percent had no apparent medical indication. Total induction rates and percent of elective inductions that were elective varied significantly among hospitals (10%–39% and 12%–55%, respectively, p < 0.0001) and among practitioners within hospitals (7%–48% and 3%–76%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Hospitals varied in size, risk status, and cesarean section rates, but these factors did not correlate with induction rates.Conclusions: Labor induction rates are highly variable among and within hospitals. Delivery volume, population risk status, and differences in cesarean section rates did not explain this variation. (BIRTH 30:3 September 2003)
Salvage Therapy after Two or More Prior Helicobacter pylori Treatment Failures: the Super Salvage Regimen
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Marras Lea , Maragkoudakis Emmanouil , Nieddu Salvatore , Manca Alessandra , Graham David Y. , Realdi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Although effective therapies are available for curing Helicobacter pylori infection, the problem persists about what to do for patients who fail two or more treatment courses despite a good compliance.Aim. To test a twice a day midday quadruple therapy as salvage therapy.Methods. Dyspeptic H. pylori‐infected patients who failed two or more courses of anti‐H. pylori therapy received omeprazole 20 mg, tetracycline 500 mg, metronidazole 500 mg, and bismuth subcitrate caplets 240 mg twice a day (with the midday and evening meals) for 14 days. H. pylori status was evaluated by 13C‐urea breath test and histology 4–6 weeks after therapy. Eradication was defined as no positive test.Results. Seventy‐one patients were enrolled and 68 completed the full 14 days of therapy (mean age 46 years; 28 men). Thirty‐three patients had failed prior treatment twice, 19 had failed three times, and 16 had failed four or more times.The cure rates were: intention to treat = 93% (66/71); (95% CI = 84% to 98%), per protocol = 97% (66/68); (95% CI = 89%– 100%). Success was excellent irrespective of diagnosis, age, prior treatment protocols, or smoking status. Moderate side‐effects were experienced by only two patients.Conclusion. Midday bismuth subcitrate based twice a day quadruple therapy was an excellent salvage therapy. BID midday quadruple regimen should be considered as the therapy of choice.
Characterization of Arginine Transport in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Mendz George L. , Burns Brendan P. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. The amino acid L‐arginine is an essential requirement for growth of Helicobacter pylori. Several physiological roles of this amino acid have been identified in the bacterium, but very little is known about the transport of L‐arginine and of other amino acids into H. pylori.Methods. Radioactive tracer techniques using L‐(U‐14C) arginine and the centrifugation through oil method were employed to measure the kinetic parameters, temperature dependence, substrate specificity, and effects of analogues and inhibitors on L‐arginine transport.Results. The transport of arginine at millimolar concentrations was saturable with a Km of 2.4 ± 0.3 mM and Vmax of 1.3 ± 0.2 pmole min−1 (µl cell water)−1 or 31 ± 3 nmole per minute (mg protein)−1 at 20°C, depended on temperature between 4 and 40°C, and was susceptible to inhibitors. These characteristics suggested the presence of one or more arginine carriers. The substrate specificity of the transport system was studied by measuring the effects of L‐arginine analogues and amino acids on the rates of transport of L‐arginine. The absence of inhibition in competition experiments with L‐lysine and L‐ornithine indicated that the transport system was not of the Lysine‐Arginine‐Ornithine or Arginine‐Ornithine types. The presence of different monovalent cations did not affect the transport rates. Several properties of L‐arginine transport were elucidated by investigating the effects of potential inhibitors.Conclusions. The results provided evidence that the transport of L‐arginine into H. pylori cells was carrier‐mediated transport with the driving force supplied by the chemical gradient of the amino acid.
Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Using a Novel Antiadhesion Compound (3′sialyllactose sodium salt). A Double blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Parente F. , Cucino C. , Anderloni A. , Grandinetti G. , Porro G. Bianchi 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim. 3′ sialyllactose sodium salt (3′SL) is an oligosaccharide that occurs naturally in human and bovine milk. It can inhibit the adhesion of H. pylori to human epithelial cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to test whether this oligosaccharide can suppress or cure H. pylori colonization in vivo and to determine its safety in humans.Methods. Seventy‐one consecutive dyspeptic patients with H. pylori infection documented by histology and 13C‐Urea Breath Test (UBT) were initially recruited to this study. Patients with UBT values < 15 were excluded, thus reducing the enrolment to 65 patients. They were given two different dosages of 3′SL (10 g or 20 g/day) in three daily administrations before meals or placebo for 4 weeks, according to a randomised double‐blind protocol. A standardized 13C‐UBT (using 100 mg of 13C labelled urea) was repeated in all patients at fixed intervals during treatment (at the end of weeks 1, 2 and 4) and 4 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Patients compliance and side‐effects were evaluated at each weekly visit.Results. Five patients were excluded from the PP analysis due to violation of the protocol (noncompliance, lost to follow‐up), whereas 61 patients completed correctly the study: 17 received 3′SL 10 g/day, 22 were treated with 3′SL 20 g/day and 21 were given placebo. The three treatment groups did not significantly differ in demographic or clinical patient characteristics. No serious adverse events were observed during therapy in any of the three groups. No patients became UBT negative (< 4) during or after treatment but UBT values decreased significantly during the study period in both treatment groups and placebo.Conclusions. Antiadhesive therapy was safe and well tolerated but did not suppress or cure H. pylori colonization in humans. The observed decrease in UBT values could be explained by a regression towards the mean effect.
Surface localized Heat Shock Protein 20 (HslV) of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Du Rui Juan , Ho Bow 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Heat Shock Protein (HSP) has been regarded as a pathogenic factor in Helicobacter pylori infection. Heat Shock Protein 20 (HSP20) of H. pylori is identified as Hs1V based on open reading frame predication of genome sequences. It is a homologue of HslV of E. coli, a peptidase involved in protein degradation.Methods. The HSP20 gene was cloned and inserted into pET16b fused with His‐tag. Recombinant HSP20 protein (rHSP20) was expressed and purified by nickel column. Rabbit anti‐rHSP20 was purified by Protein A affinity chromatography and used as a probe to localize HSP20 in H. pylori by immuno‐gold labeling and Western blotting. rHSP20 was also used as antigen to test for antibody against HSP20 in patients with H. pylori infection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay.Results. Immuno‐gold labeled transmission electron microscopy shows that HSP20 is located on the cell surface of H. pylori. Western blotting of 2‐D gel shows that HSP20 has a pI of ∼5.5 and a molecular weight of ∼18 kDa. The ELISA result shows that there is no significant difference in antibody titre against rHSP20 in all sera tested.Conclusion. The presence of IgG to rHSP20 may imply an earlier exposure of the patients and normal subjects to H. pylori. However, the mechanism has not been established. HSP20 has been shown to localize on the surface of H. pylori. Surface localization of H. pylori HSP20 may provide the path to a better understanding of the role and function of HSP20 in bacteria–host interaction.
A Coordinated Cytotoxic Effect of IFN‐γ and Cross‐Reactive Antibodies in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki , Yoshida Masaru , Chiba Tsutomu , Kita Toru , Wakatsuki Yoshio 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with chronic infiltration into the stomach by T cells and plasma cells producing IFN‐γ and antibodies of various specificities, respectively. It is unknown whether these lymphocyte‐products may play coordinated roles in the gastric pathology of this infection.Aims. To know how IFN‐γ may relate to anti‐H. pylori antibodies in their roles in pathogenesis, we determined the isotype subclass of those antibodies as well as their cross‐reactivity and cytotoxicity to gastric epithelium.Methods and Results. We infected BALB/c mice with H. pylori (SS1, Sydney Strain 1) and generated monoclonal antibodies, which were comprised of 240 independent clones secreting immunoglobulin and included 80 clones reactive to SS1. Ninety percent of the SS1‐reactive clones had IgG2a isotype. Two clones, 2B10 and 1A9, were cross reactive to cell surface antigens in H. pylori and to antigens of 28 KDa and 42 KDa, respectively, which were present on the cell surface of and shared by both mouse and human gastric epithelial cells. The antigens recognized by these monoclonal antibodies localized a distinctive area in the gastric glands. In the presence of complement, 2B10 showed cytotoxicity to gastric epithelial cells. The effect was dose dependant and augmented by IFN‐γ. Finally, administration of 2B10 to mice with SS1 infection aggravated gastritis by increasing cellular infiltration.Conclusion. IFN‐γ by gastric T cells may participate in pathogenesis of the H. pylori infected stomach by directing an isotype‐switch of anti‐H. pylori antibodies to complement‐binding subclass and by augmenting cytotoxic activity of a certain autoantibody. This may explain a host‐dependent diversity in gastric pathology of the patients with H. pylori infection.
Active and Inactive Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseases Related to Helicobacter pylori Therapy
Authors: Nakajima Shigemi , Hattori Takanori 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTWe systematically reviewed the literature on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) related to Helicobacter pylori therapy, and classified the GERD according to various aspects. Preexisting GERD is active GERD before H. pylori therapy, and a substantial proportion of the GERD patients improve after successful H. pylori therapy. If the GERD does not persist or recur after cessation of acid‐suppressive therapy combined with H. pylori therapy, it may have been cured (cured GERD). If it recurs, it may have been masked by acid‐suppressive therapy and unmasked with cessation of the therapy (pharmacologically masked and unmasked GERD). Newly developed GERD after successful H. pylori therapy is a kind of unmasked GERD arising after cure of infection (de novo unmasked GERD). The possible mechanism of the improvement of cured GERD is normalized hyperacidity associated with an improved cytokine‐somatostatin‐gastrin system followed by normalized G‐cell activity and parietal cell mass. Preexisting GERD is not a reason to avoid eradication therapy. De novo unmasked GERD develops in a substantial proportion of patients with cured infection. The possible mechanism is increased acid exposure in the esophagus due to gastric acid increase, which is caused by a loss of neutralizing effect by ammonia, normalized cytokine‐acid suppression and improvement of corpus atrophy. De novo unmasked GERD is important because GERD is recurrent and may induce adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. However, it is expected that cure of infection lowers gastric cancer incidence. Eradication therapy is recommended irrespective of the possibility that de novo unmasked GERD may have a slight increase of the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Gastric Juice, Gastric Tissue and Blood Antibiotic Concentrations Following Omeprazole, Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin Triple Therapy
Authors: Nakamura Masahiko , Spiller Robin C. , Barrett David A. , Wibawa Judata I. D. , Kumagai Naoki , Tsuchimoto Kanji , Tanaka Takeshi 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Amoxicillin and clarithromycin are key antibiotics in proton pump inhibitor‐based Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies.Aims. To study gastric mucus and tissue concentrations and collect basic data about optimal antibacterial doses.Methods. Plasma, gastric mucosa and gastric juice antibiotic concentrations were measured following either low‐ or high‐dose amoxicillin (750 or 1000 mg bid) and clarithromycin (400 or 500 mg bid) given in combination with omeprazole 20 mg bid to 12 male volunteers in an open crossover design. Gastric juice and mucosal biopsy collection was performed either 2 (n = 6) or 6 hours (n = 6) after dosing.Results. Amoxicillin concentrations 2 hours after high dosage were gastric juice > gastric body > antral mucosa > plasma. At 6 hours, plasma and gastric juice concentrations were still above the MIC for amoxicillin‐susceptible bacteria but no antibiotic was detectable in mucosa samples. Clarithromycin concentrations after high dosage were gastric juice > mucosa > serum; all above the MIC for clarithromycin‐susceptible bacteria at both 2 and 6 hours.Conclusions. Both dosage regimens provided effective antibiotic concentrations in gastric juice at 2 hours. After dosing, both antibiotics demonstrated high gastric tissue concentrations via local diffusion while clarithromycin also provided sustained delivery (6 hours) via gastric mucosa penetration.
Intragastric Ascorbic But Not Uric Acid is Depleted in Relation with the Increased pH in Patients with Atrophic Body Gastritis and H. Pylori Gastritis
Authors: Capurso Gabriele , Ricci Riccardo , Panzuto Francesco , Baccini Flavia , Passi Siro , Di Giulio Emilio , Fave Gianfranco Delle , Annibale Bruno 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Helicobacter pylori gastritis induces reversible lowering of Ascorbic Acid (AA) intragastric concentrations. No studies have been aimed at determining the gastric juice AA concentration of atrophic body gastritis (ABG) patients. Uric Acid (UA), is another potent hydro‐soluble scavenger of ROS and its possible modification in the gastric juice of patients with H. pylori gastritis have never been investigated. This study was aimed at investigating the levels of AA and UA in the plasma and gastric juice of ABG patients, compared with H. pylori positive patients without corporal atrophy, and with healthy individuals.Materials and Methods. Thirteen ABG patients (Group 1): 32 Chronic non‐atrophic H. pylori gastritis patients (Group 2); and 13 healthy stomach controls (Group 3) attending gastroscopy with gastric biopsies (antrum = 3, corpus = 3) had plasma and intragastric levels of AA and UA measured.Results. Intragastric AA concentration was significantly lower in group 1 (median 0.21 µg/ml, range 0.1–24) compared both with groups 2 (median 5.5 µg/ml, range 0.1–33.2) (p = 0.043) and 3 (median 14.9 µg/ml, range 0.34–44.8) (p = 0.0028). Intragastric UA was not different between the three groups. Intragastric AA concentration resulted negatively correlated with the intragastric pH (Spearman r = −0.47, p = 0.0003). In patients with gastritis (groups 1 and 2) there was a significant negative correlation between the sum of the Sydney Score variables in the body mucosa, and AA in the gastric juice (Spearman r = −0.55; p = 0.0001).Conclusion. The study shows that intragastric pH is the key factor for the depletion of gastric juice AA observed in patients with corporal atrophy and to a lower extent with nonatrophic H. pylori gastritis.
A Prospective, Randomized Study of Quadruple Therapy and High‐Dose Dual Therapy for Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Resistant to Both Metronidazole and Clarithromycin
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , Kirsch Christian , Schneider‐Brachert Wulf , Haferland Christian , Neumeyer Michael , Bästlein Elke , Papke Jens , Jacobs Enno , Vieth Michael , Stolte Manfred , Lehn Norbert , Ekkehard Bayerdörffer 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim. Failure of primary anti‐H. pylori therapy results in a high rate of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we investigated the efficacy of high‐dose dual therapy and quadruple therapy as salvage treatments for eradication of H. pylori resistant to both metronidazole and clarithromycin.Patients and Methods. Patients with at least one treatment failure and infected with H. pylori resistant to both metronidazole and clarithromycin, were randomized to receive either omeprazole 4 × 40 mg and amoxicillin 4 × 750 mg; or omeprazole 2 × 20 mg, bismuthcitrate 4 × 107 mg, metronidazole 4 × 500 mg and tetracycline 4 × 500 mg. Both regimens were given for 14 days. In cases of persistent infection, a cross‐over therapy was performed.Results. Eighty‐four patients were randomized. Cure of H. pylori infection was achieved in 31 patients after dual therapy and in 35 patients after quadruple therapy (per protocol: 83.8% (95% CI, 67.9–93.8) and 92.1% (95% CI, 78.6–98.3), respectively (p = 0.71); intention to treat: 75.6% (95% CI: 59.7–87.6) and 81.4% (95% CI: 66.6–91.6), respectively (p = 0.60)). Cross‐over therapy was performed in six of nine patients, four of whom were cured of the infection.Conclusion. Both high‐dose dual therapy and quadruple therapy are effective in curing H. pylori infection resistant to both metronidazole and clarithromycin in patients who experienced previous treatment failures.