bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineation of Intra‐Atrial Reentrant Tachycardia Circuits After Mustard Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries Using Biatrial Electroanatomic Mapping and Entrainment Mapping
Authors: ZRENNER BERNHARD , DONG JUN , SCHREIECK JÜRGEN , NDREPEPA GJIN , MEISNER HANS , KAEMMERER HARALD , SCHÖMIG ALBERT , HESS JOHN , SCHMITT CLAUS 
Published: December 2003

Introduction: Intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) circuits after Mustard operation remain incompletely understood due to the complex atrial anatomy after extensive surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to delineate IART circuits and their relations to the individual anatomic boundaries in Mustard patients. Methods and Results: Twelve patients (10 men and 2 women; age 29 ± 4.6 years) with atrial tachyarrhythmias after Mustard operation were included in this study. During 14 IARTs and 2 focal atrial tachycardias, electroanatomic mapping and entrainment mapping were performed in both the systemic venous atrium and the pulmonary venous atrium. The latter was accessed via a retrograde transaortic approach. Thirteen IARTs used a single‐loop reentrant circuit, and 1 IART used a dual‐loop reentrant circuit. Ten (77%) of 13 single‐loop reentrant circuits used the tricuspid annulus (TA) as their central barrier. The remaining 3 IARTs rotated around the inferior vena cava (IVC) (n = 2) or ostium of the right upper pulmonary vein (n = 1). In 6 (60%) of the 10 peritricuspid IARTs, both pulmonary venous atrium and systemic venous atrium components of the mid‐portion of the TA‐IVC isthmus were demonstrated to be part of the reentry. Overall, 12 (86%) of 14 IARTs in 10 patients were successfully ablated by bridging two barriers that constrained the reentrant circuit. Eight (80%) of 10 peritricuspid circuits were abolished by linear ablation connecting the TA to the IVC (n = 4), incisional scar (n = 2), patch (n = 1), and atriotomy (n = 1). Conclusions: In Mustard patients, the TA serves as the most frequent central barrier of IART. Biatrial electroanatomic mapping combined with entrainment mapping facilitates delineation of IART circuits in relation to their anatomic barriers and enables the design of individual ablation strategies to achieve high success. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 1302‐1310, December 2003)
Role of Compact Node and Posterior Extension in Direction‐Dependent Changes in Atrioventricular Nodal Function in Rabbit
Authors: CLAUDE REID MARIE , BILLETTE JACQUES , KHALIFE KARIM , TADROS RAFIK 
Published: December 2003

Introduction: AV nodal conduction properties differ in the anterograde versus the retrograde direction. The underlying substrate remains unclear. We propose that direction‐dependent changes in AV nodal function are the net result of those occurring in the slow and fast pathways. Methods and Results: Anterograde and retrograde AV nodal properties were determined with a premature protocol before and after posterior extension (slow pathway) ablation, and before and after upper compact node (fast pathway) ablation. Each ablation was performed in a different group of six rabbit heart preparations. In control, nodal minimum conduction time (NCTmin) and effective refractory period (ERPN) typically were longer, and maximum conduction time (NCTmax) was shorter in the retrograde compared to the anterograde direction. Posterior extension ablation prolonged anterograde ERPN from 91 ± 10 ms to 141 ± 15 ms (P < 0.01) and shortened NCTmax from 150 ± 13 ms to 82 ± 7 ms (P < 0.01) but did not affect retrograde conduction. Thus, the posterior extension normally contributes to the anterograde but not retrograde recovery curve. Compact node ablation prolonged anterograde conduction (NCTmin increased from 57 ± 2 ms to 73 ± 7 ms, P < 0.01) but did not alter ERPN and NCTmax. This ablation abolished retrograde conduction in two preparations and resulted in retrograde slow pathway conduction in four, the latter being interrupted by posterior extension ablation. Thus, the compact node accounts for the baseline of the recovery curve in both directions. Ablation of the compact node results in anterograde slow pathway conduction over the entire cycle length range and may result in retrograde slow pathway conduction. Conclusion: Direction‐dependent properties of the AV node arise from those of the compact node‐based fast pathway and posterior extension‐based slow pathway. Normal AV node has bidirectional dual pathways. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 1342‐1350, December 2003)
Clinical Experience with Dofetilide in the Treatment of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: PRYSTOWSKY ERIC N. , FREELAND SCOTT , BRANYAS NANCY A. , RARDON DAVID P. , FOGEL RICHARD I. , PADANILAM BENZY J. , RIPPY JANET S. 
Published: December 2003

Introduction: Dofetilide is the newest drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Few data on the efficacy and safety of dofetilide in a diverse group of patients are available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of dofetilide in a consecutive series of 69 patients with AF. Methods and Results: Sixty‐nine patients with persistent (n = 53) or paroxysmal (n = 16) AF were administered dofetilide in‐hospital. Prior to starting dofetilide, all patients had been adequately anticoagulated, and concomitant agents contraindicated in the presence of dofetilide were discontinued. Heart rhythms were monitored continuously by telemetry in all patients. The initial dose, which was determined using the Cockroft‐Gault calculated creatinine clearance, was 500 μg bid, 250 μg bid, and 125 μg bid in 51, 13, and 5 patients, respectively. Reductions in subsequent dosage occurred in 12 patients, 4 for QT prolongation. Dofetilide was discontinued in‐hospital in 7 patients, 2 for adverse arrhythmic events and 3 for unacceptable QT prolongation. Twenty‐seven (63%) of 43 patients in AF converted spontaneously to sinus rhythm. Fifty‐eight patients were discharged receiving dofetilide treatment and were followed as outpatients for 21 ± 7 months. One third of patients continued to take dofetilide at 1 year. One patient had a cardiac arrest 1 day after hospital discharge. Conclusion: Dofetilide is a well‐tolerated antiarrhythmic drug with a high conversion rate of AF to sinus rhythm. One third of patients maintained sinus rhythm at 1 year. Proarrhythmia can occur and initiation of therapy must be performed in‐hospital. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. S287‐S290, December 2003, Suppl.)
Development of methods to enhance extrinsic tooth discoloration for comparison of toothpastes
Authors: Pontefract H. , Courtney M. , Smith S. , Newcombe R. G. , Addy M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground: Extrinsic staining of teeth is considered to be unsightly and a number of ‘whitening’ toothpastes have been formulated to inhibit or remove such tooth discoloration. The aim of this study was to compare the stain prevention of two toothpastes.Method: The study was a single‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled, crossover design, balanced for residual effects involving 24 healthy dentate volunteers. The treatments were as follows: (1) a whitening toothpaste product, (2) an experimental toothpaste formulation and (3) water. For each 4‐day rinse period, subjects were rendered stain free on the teeth and tongue. Approximately on the hour from 09:00 to 16:00 hours, subjects rinsed with chlorhexidine mouth rinse for 1 min followed by warm black tea for 1 min. The treatment interventions were at 09:00 and 16:00 hours and before the chlorhexidine rinse. The toothpastes were rinsed as 3 g/10 ml water slurries and water as a 10 ml rinse each for 2 min. On day 5, subjects were scored for tooth and tongue stain intensity and area, and the product of these was calculated. The washout period was at least 9 days.Results: Treatment differences for the teeth were highly significant but not for the tongue. Paired contrasts for tooth stain intensity, area and product were mostly all significantly in favour of reduced staining by the experimental formulation compared with water and the whitening product. There were no significant differences between water and the whitening product.Conclusions: Using a forced dietary staining method, the data support a tooth stain‐inhibitory/‐removal action for the experimental formulation, but not the whitening product.
Development of methods to enhance extrinsic tooth discoloration for comparison of toothpastes
Authors: Pontefract H. , Courtney M. , Smith S. , Newcombe R. G. , Addy M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground: The interaction of chlorhexidine with dietary chromogens to cause extrinsic dental staining has been exploited in vitro and in vivo to study tooth discoloration and its control. These studies in vitro investigated factors that might enhance stain formation, and evaluated formulations to inhibit the stain with the primary aim of devising a protocol for use in vivo.Method: The standard method cycled acrylic specimens through saliva, 0.2% chlorhexidine and tea on the hour 8 times per day and stain was measured using a spectrophotometer. Test interventions were 3 “whitening” toothpastes (A, P, R), a fluoride toothpaste (C) and water. In studies 1 and 3 interventions were at 09:00 and 16:00, and in studies 2 and 4 at 09:00 and 13:00. Between cycles, specimens remained dry in studies 1 and 2 and were maintained in water day and night in studies 3 and 4. Studies 5–7 determined the influence of tea temperature, exposure time and concentration, and chlorhexidine temperature and exposure time on stain development. Studies 8–10 modified the standard procedure using tea at triple strength and 50°C, and assessed stain inhibition by toothpastes and water using optical density, colorimetric and visual assessment recordings.Results: In studies 1–4, there were highly significant differences between interventions. Overall, the experimental whitening paste (P) produced the most stain inhibition, and water or the proprietary whitening paste (R), produced the least stain inhibition. More stain inhibition was seen with interventions at 09:00 and 16:00. Both tea concentration and temperature significantly influenced staining. Chlorhexidine temperature did not influence staining. Exposure time to tea and chlorhexidine had a small effect on staining. In studies 8 and 9, interventions at 09:00 and 16:00 were more effective; the most stain inhibition was with paste P and the least with water, paste R being intermediate. In study 10, P was the most effective and R the least effective interventions.Conclusions: These studies in vitro suggest that the chlorhexidine tea stain model can be manipulated to enhance stain and thereby should improve discrimination between stain inhibition formulations. The timing of interventions in the model appears to be important. These studies in vitro were used to plan a clinical protocol.
The usefulness of using Ramfjord teeth in predicting periodontal status of a Tanzanian adult population
Authors: Mumghamba E. G. S. , Pitiphat W. , Matee M. I. N. , Simon E. , Merchant A. T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: The only partial mouth index that has been validated against full‐mouth examinations in the East African population is the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). Since the Ramfjord index can potentially shorten the examination time by almost half, we evaluated Ramfjord teeth in predicting full‐mouth periodontal status of an adult population in Tanzania.Material and Methods: Pocket depth was measured for 192 consecutive patients aged from 15 to 77 years (36 years old on average); 86 (45%) females referred to the Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania between January 1997 and December 1999, and the mean pocket depth for full‐mouth and Ramfjord teeth was calculated.Results: The correlation between the mean pocket depth calculated from the full‐mouth and Ramfjord teeth was 0.96. The β coefficient for the mean pocket depth measured by Ramfjord teeth to predict the full‐mouth mean was 0.94, and was not affected by adjustment for age, missing teeth or sex.Conclusion: This overall high agreement between Ramjford teeth and full‐mouth periodontal pocket situation confirms the epidemiological validity of Ramfjord's dental sample in our setting.
Analysis of periodontal risk profiles in adults with or without a history of myocardial infarction
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Ohlsson Ola , Persson Susanna , Lang Niklaus P. , Rutger persson G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground: An association between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases has been suggested.Aims: To study whether a combination of clinical variables in a functional risk diagram enhanced the ability to differentiate between subjects with or without an immediate history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Material and Methods: A functional periodontal pentagon risk diagram (PPRD) with five periodontal risk vectors was created. The surface of individual PPRDs was calculated using data from 88 subjects with recent AMI and 80 matched control subjects with no history of AMI.Results: Age, gender, number of remaining teeth (mean value: 21.1 versus 21.6 teeth), smoking status, and pocket probing depth (PPD) distribution did not differ by group. Gingival recession was greater in control subjects (mean difference: 5.7, SD: ±1.9, p<0.01, 95% CI: 1.8–9.6). Bone loss 4.0 mm was at all levels studied was significantly greater in subjects with AMI and bone loss 50% (4 mm) was the best individual predictor of AMI (β=2.99, p<0.000, 95% CI: 7.5–53.4). Only PPRD scores were associated with AMI status when factors not included in the PPRD were studied (β=22.1, SE: 5.9, p<0.0001, 95% CI: 10.3–33.7). The best association between AMI status and study variables was the combination of 4 mm of bone loss 50%, proportion of bleeding on probing (%BOP), %PPDs6 mm, and tooth loss (Nagelkirke r2=0.46).Conclusions: The combination of five periodontal parameters in a PPRD added predictive value, suggesting that comprehensive data should be used in studies of associations between periodontitis and heart diseases. Radiographic evidence of bone loss was the best individual parameter.
Poor oral health is associated with coronary heart disease and elevated systemic inflammatory and haemostatic factors
Authors: Montebugnoli L. , Servidio D. , Miaton R.A. , Prati C. , Tricoci P. , Melloni C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives:To assess the relationship between poor oral health and coronary heart disease (CHD) and systemic inflammatory and haemostatic factors in an Italian population.Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 63 males aged 40–65 years with proven CHD and 50 controls matched for age, geographic area, and socioeconomic status. A detailed description of their oral status was given using four different dental indices (total dental index (TDI), panoramic tomography score, clinical periodontal sum score (CPSS), and clinical and radiographic sum score (CRSS)). Blood samples were taken for measurement of the following CHD risk factors: serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and glucose; a series of systemic markers of inflammation (C‐reactive protein, leucocytes, fibrinogen, homocysteine) and a series of haemostatic factors (von Willebrand factor, fibrin d‐dimer, prothrombinic fragment F1.2, plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI‐1), and serum antibodies) against oxidized LDL (anti‐Ox‐LDL).Results: Multiple logistic regression adjusted for all risk factors for CHD showed statistically significant relationships (p<0.01) between all dental indices and CHD. Significant relationships (p always <0.01) were found between CPSS and CRSS and leucocyte count. Significant relationships (p always <0.05) were also found between TDI and the von Willebrand factor, and between CPSS and the von Willebrand factor, anti‐Ox‐LDL, and PAI‐1.Conclusions: The present study suggests an association between poor oral status and CHD, and provides evidence that inflammatory and haemostatic factors could play an important role in this association.
Attachment loss after scaling and root planing with different instruments
Authors: Alves Renato V. , Machion Luciana , Casati Márcio Z. , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Antônio W. , Sallum Enilson A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the immediate effect of trauma from instrumentation after scaling and root planing with different instruments.Material and Methods: Ten subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis, presenting probing depths ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 mm on anterior teeth, upper and/or lower, were selected. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: MC group – scaled and planed with Gracey mini‐curettes (MiniFiveTM); CC group – scaled and planed with Gracey conventional curettes. The selected teeth were probed with a computerized electronic probe, guided by an occlusal stent, and then subjected to scaling and root planing. Immediately following instrumentation, teeth were probed again. The difference between relative attachment level (RAL) immediately before and after instrumentation was considered as trauma from instrumentation.Results: Intra‐group analysis revealed statistically significant differences between RAL immediately before and after instrumentation in both groups (0.68±0.32 for MC group; and 0.83±0.41 for CC group –p<0.05). However, inter‐group analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in trauma from instrumentation caused by the different instruments.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that root instrumentation causes an average trauma from instrumentation of 0.76 mm with no differences between the tested instruments.
Fate of bone formed by guided tissue regeneration with or without grafting of Bio‐Oss® or Biogran®
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Kostopoulos Lambros , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Karring Thorkild 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the study was to examine whether bone produced by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in combination with Bio‐Oss® or Biogran® is stable on a long‐term basis.Material and Methods: Fifty‐four, 3‐month‐old Wistar rats were divided into three groups and rigid, hemispherical, teflon capsules were placed with their open part facing the lateral surface of the exposed mandibular ramus (one capsule per animal). In the first group, the capsules were loosely packed with a standardized quantity of Bio‐Oss®, in the second group with Biogran®, and in the last group were left empty. After 1 year of healing, the capsules were removed. Six animals from each of the 3 experimental groups were killed immediately after capsule removal (baseline), or 3 or 6 months after re‐entry. The volume of (1) newly formed bone, (2) remaining biomaterial particles, and (3) soft connective tissue in the space originally created by the capsule was estimated by a point‐counting technique in three to four histological sections, taken by uniformly random sampling.Results: While considerable bone formation had occurred in the empty control capsules, only limited bone formation was observed in the two test groups. The major portion of the space originally created by the capsules in the test groups was occupied by biomaterial particles embedded in connective tissue. At baseline, the mean volume of newly formed bone occupied 23% of the original capsule space in the animals grafted with Bio‐Oss®, 12.6% in those implanted with Biogran®, and 94.1% in those that received empty control capsules. Six months after capsule removal, the corresponding values were 21.5%, 13.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between baseline, and the 3‐, and 6‐month observation times in terms of bone volume for any of the three treatment groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: Bone produced by GTR with and without implantation of Bio‐Oss®, or Biogran®, is stable on a long‐term basis, but bone formation is obstructed by implantation of these biomaterials.
Polymer‐assisted regeneration therapy with Atrisorb® barriers in human periodontal intrabony defects
Authors: Hou Lein‐Tuan , Yan Ji‐Jong , Tsai Alex Yi.‐Min , Lao Chia.‐Shih , Lin Shih.‐Jung , Liu Cheing‐Meei 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAim: This study compared clinical results of 40 periodontal osseous defects treated by two types of absorbable barrier materials.Material and Methods: Thirty patients (23 males and seven females) suffering from moderate to advanced periodontitis (with comparable osseous defects) were randomly assigned to receive either Atrisorb® barrier (n=22; group A) or Resolut XT® barrier (n=18; group B) therapy. Periodontal phase I treatment and oral hygiene instruction were performed before periodontal surgery. Papillary preservation, partial thickness flap, citric acid root conditioning, and decortication procedures were applied during the operation. Bone defects were filled with demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft and minocycline mixture (4:1 ratio). Postoperative care included 0.10% chlorhexidine rinse daily and antibiotic medication for 2 weeks. Clinical assessments including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), and radiographic examinations were taken at the baseline, preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months after regenerative surgery.Results: Six months following therapy, both Atrisorb® and Resolut XT® groups had achieved comparable clinical improvement in pocket reduction (3.9 versus 4.4 mm), attachment tissue gain (clinical attachment gain; 3.5 versus 3.6 mm), and reduction in the GI and in the PlI. Within‐group comparisons showed significant attachment gain and pocket reduction between baseline data and those at both 3 and 6 months postoperatively (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in any measured data between groups A and B.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a comparable and favorable regeneration of periodontal defects can be achieved with both Atrisorb® and Resolut XT® barriers. Further long‐term study and histologic observations of tissue healing are needed to evaluate whether Atrisorb® is promising for clinical use.