bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in nursing and care homes: a cohort study
Authors: Battin Ed , Brown Terry , Couper Keith 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) primarily affects older adults. Individuals in nursing homes are often elderly with significant comorbidities. Nursing homes are staffed by healthcare workers, able to respond immediately to cardiac arrest, including provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to describe the characteristics, treatments and outcome of individuals sustaining an OHCA in nursing and care home settings in England.MethodsPatients ≥18 years between 2015 and 2021 with a recorded location of either a nursing or care home from the ‘Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes’ registry for England were included. We present descriptive statistics and compare groups, where appropriate, using a χ2test.ResultsWe included 4779 patients, of which 2474 (52.5%) were female and 3910 (81.8%) were aged ≥70. Cardiac arrest was witnessed by a bystander in 51.1% (n=2390) of cases. Overall, 80.2% (n=3698) of patients received bystander CPR and where an automated external defibrillator (AED) was available, 77.7% (n=331) were treated with an AED. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at any time was reported in 1614 (36.7%) and ROSC sustained to hospital handover in 1061 (22.3%) patients. Survival to hospital discharge or 30 days was observed in 97 (2.1%) patients. As age increased, there was a decrease in survival and ROSC sustained to hospital handover.ConclusionSurvival after OHCA in a nursing home setting was low, despite high rates of key interventions, such as bystander CPR. There may be an opportunity to optimise the availability of AEDs within nursing homes.
Scope of practice of Japanese primary care physicians and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Higuchi Tomoya , Nakamura Mieko , Ojima Toshiyuki , Inoue Machiko 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe scope of practice (SOP) of primary care physicians (PCPs) has been narrowing, with declining comprehensiveness leading to fragmented care. Identifying SOP-associated factors can help improve comprehensiveness. This study aimed to describe the SOP of PCPs working in clinics and to identify SOP-associated factors.DesignA cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire.SettingShizuoka, Japan.ParticipantsPCPs working in clinics offering internal medicine.Main outcome measuresThe total number of services provided, covering 109 items, was categorised into 8 clinical areas, 78 clinical activities and 23 procedures.ResultsQuestionnaires were mailed to 1191 clinics, and 389 valid responses were included in the analysis. Of the 389 physicians, 254 (65.3%) were internal medicine specialists, and 382 (98.2%) worked in their own private clinics. The mean number of services provided was 60.4±17.4. Clinical activities were provided less frequently in the areas of paediatric and adolescent care, women’s health, home healthcare, palliative care and mental health. Physician-related factors were more significantly associated with SOP than practice or environmental factors. Preference for broad practice was the strongest factor associated with a broader SOP, followed by completion of the Japan Medical Association (JMA) primary care training programme and rotational training experience. Additionally, younger physician age, rural practice experience, surgical specialisation, a larger number of physicians in the clinic, higher patient volume and a more rural setting were associated with broader SOP.ConclusionPhysician preference regarding SOP, completion of the JMA primary care training programme and rotational training are key factors influencing SOP. These findings suggest that postgraduate clinical training with a broad scope not limited to internal medicine and continuing medical education after establishing a private clinic, particularly for physicians who prefer broad practice, may be important in expanding the SOP of PCPs.
Diagnosing emergent isotropy in anisotropic holographic systems using quantum information measures
Authors: Chen Chong-Ye , Li Mu-Jing , Yang Zhe , Jin Da-Ming , Liu Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of anisotropy in a holographic p-wave superconductor model, revealing novel insights into the behavior of quantum information in strongly coupled systems. Through rigorous semi-analytical methods, we uncover the existence of an isotropic point emerging at a critical temperature

$$T_{II},$$

T

II

,

marking a significant transition in the system’s anisotropic properties. We offer a systematic analysis of the mechanisms driving anisotropy and isotropy transitions, finding that this emergent isotropy point is unique to the p-wave model and absent in other anisotropic systems like anisotropic axion models with metal-insulator transitions. We propose that the explicit dependence of the vector field components in anisotropy is the key driver of the emergent isotropy. Our analysis of holographic entanglement entropy (HEE), entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS), and butterfly velocity demonstrates their distinct sensitivities to bulk anisotropy. Among them, EWCS and butterfly velocity stand out as superior probes for detecting the isotropic point. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the interplay between unique emergent isotropic point and quantum information measures in strongly correlated systems.
Intra‐ and Extracellular White Matter Micromorphology Predict the Antidepressant Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Wang Sirui , Zhang Xiaochen , Kong Gai , Lin Yuhao , Zhu Tianyuan , Qian Zhenying , Xu Lihua , Cui Huiru , Wang Jijun , Li Hui , Tang Yingying 
Published: February 2025

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used treatment for major depressive disorders (MDD). However, its physiological effects remain unclear, and its efficacy varies among patients. Functional connectivity (FC) within MDD‐related networks has shown potential for predicting TMS efficacy. White matter (WM) micromorphology contributes to these connections and may provide new insights into the prediction of TMS effects and its antidepressant mechanism in MDD, which has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential predictors of TMS efficacy using whole‐brain WM microstructural characteristics.Methods: This retrospective study included 41 patients with MDD who completed 20‐session TMS treatments. We examined intra‐ and extracellular WM using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). We examined the correlations between pre‐TMS whole‐brain WM measures and the reduction in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores after TMS, as well as the longitudinal changes in regional WM measures correlated with MADRS reduction.Results: The pre‐TMS intracellular neurite density index (NDI) within the bilateral internal capsule (IC), right posterior corona radiata (PCR), right superior corona radiata (SCR), corpus callosum (CC), and bilateral posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) were positively associated with the reduction in MADRS scores. The pre‐TMS extracellular free‐water fraction (FWF) within the bilateral IC, splenium of the CC, and right SCR was significantly related to the reduction in MADRS scores. The FWF within the left posterior limb of the IC, left PCR, and left SCR decreased after TMS treatment.Limitations: The study’s findings cannot rule out the potential effects of concurrent pharmaceutical therapies, as a control group not receiving TMS treatment was not included.Conclusions: Regional NDI and FWF values at baseline could predict TMS efficacy in patients with MDD. Reducing the extracellular FWF in the left hemisphere may be a potential therapeutic mechanism of TMS in MDD.
Table S4 from <i>Setdb1</i> Loss Induces Type I Interferons and Immune Clearance of Melanoma
Authors: McGeary Meaghan K. , Damsky William , Daniels Andrew J. , Lang Sabine M. , Xu Qingji , Song Eric , Huet-Calderwood Clotilde , Lou Hua Jane , Paradkar Sateja , Micevic Goran , Kaech Susan M. , Calderwood David A. , Turk Benjamin E. , Yan Qin , Iwasaki Akiko , Bosenberg Marcus W. 
Published: February 2025

<p>Differential expression of SKO vs YRG cells ± IFNAR blockade by RNAseq.</p>
Preterm Birth and Cardiometabolic Health Trajectories From Birth to Adulthood: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Clayton Gemma L. , Howe Laura D. , O'Keeffe Linda M. , Lewandowski Adam J. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Fraser Abigail 
Published: February 2025

Background
Adults who were born prematurely (<37 weeks’ gestation) are at increased cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear when in the life course this risk emerges. Our aim was to compare trajectories of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors from childhood to early adulthood between those who had and had not been born preterm.

Methods and Results
Multilevel models were used to compare trajectories from early childhood (<9 years) to age 25 years of body mass index, fat and lean mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin, between individuals born preterm (N=311–676; range, 25–36 weeks’ gestation) and term (N=4973–10 534) in a UK birth cohort study. We also investigated gestational age as a continuum. In children born preterm (versus term), systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher at age 7 years (mean predicted differences, 0.7 [95% CI, −0.2 to 1.6] mm Hg and 0.6 [95% CI, −0.04 to 1.3] mm Hg, respectively). By age 18 years, the difference in systolic blood pressure persisted (1.9 [95% CI, 0.8–3.1] mm Hg) and in diastolic blood pressure (0.1 [95% CI, −0.7 to 1.0 mm Hg]) disappeared. By age 25 years, this difference in systolic blood pressure began to attenuate towards the null (0.9 [95% CI, −0.5 to 2.3] mm Hg). Participants born preterm (versus term) had lower body mass index between ages 7 and 18 years, but by age 25 years, there was no difference. Fat and lean mass trajectories were consistent with body mass index. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher and triglycerides lower at birth, in those born preterm, but this difference also disappeared by age 25 years. There was no evidence of differences in glucose and insulin.

Conclusions
Few, modest differences in cardiometabolic health were found in those born preterm versus term. All disappeared by age 25 years, except the small difference in systolic blood pressure. Longer follow‐up is needed to establish if and when cardiometabolic health trajectories diverge between these 2 groups.
Association Between the Malnutrition Status and All‐Cause Mortality in Patients With Moderate and Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Bingzhen , Zhang Shaozhao , Xu Chaoguang , Huang Mengting , Xiong Zhenyu , Hui Ziwen , Liao Xinxue , Li Jilin , Chen Jianying , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2025

Background
Malnutrition status is an important predictor of prognosis in patients after aortic valve replacement. However, the prognostic value of malnutrition status in patients with moderate‐to‐severe aortic stenosis is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of malnutrition on all‐cause mortality in patients with moderate‐to‐severe aortic stenosis using the Patient Controlled Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, nutritional risk index, and prognostic nutritional index.

Methods and Results

A total of 536 patients with moderate‐to‐severe aortic stenosis were selected in the ARISTOTLE (Aortic Valve Diseases Risk Factor Assessment and Prognosis Model Construction) study conducted between January 2013 and December 2022 in 3 academic institutions. Patients were grouped according to different nutritional status assessment methods. CONUT, nutritional risk index, and prognostic nutritional index were calculated at baseline. The primary study outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox regression was used to assess the association between nutritional status and all‐cause mortality. During a median 34.2‐month follow‐up period, a total of 120 (22.4%) patients died. All‐cause mortality was significantly higher in lower prognostic nutritional index, lower nutritional risk index, and higher CONUT groups. Compared with normal nutrition, malnutrition was associated with an increased risk for all‐cause death (adjusted hazard ratio for mild and moderate–severe malnutrition, respectively: 2.82 [95% CI, 1.69–4.71;
P
<0.001] and 3.31 [95% CI, 1.74–6.32;
P
<0.001] for the CONUT).

Conclusions
In patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis, we found that high CONUT scores, low nutritional risk index scores, and low prognostic nutritional index scores were associated with all‐cause death. The poorer the nutritional status, the greater the risk of malnutrition‐related all‐cause mortality.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT06069232.
Differential Prognosis of True Bifurcation Lesions According to Left Main Versus Non–Left Main Location and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Choi Ki Hong , Nam Chang‐Wook , Bruno Francesco , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , De Luca Leonardo , Kang Jeehoon , Mattesini Alessio , Song Young Bin , Truffa Alessandra , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Wańha Wojciech , Chun Woo Jung , Gili Sebastiano , Helft Gerard , Han Seung Hwan , Cortese Bernardo , Lee Cheol Hyun , Escaned Javier , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Chieffo Alaide , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Gallone Guglielmo , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , De Ferrari Gaetano , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Quadri Giorgio , Hur Seung‐Ho , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , de Filippo Ovidio 
Published: February 2025

Background
Although true bifurcation lesions are associated with a high risk of procedural complications, the differential prognostic implications of percutaneous coronary intervention for true bifurcations according to lesion location are unclear. This study aimed to identify whether clinical outcomes of true bifurcation lesions differed between left main coronary artery (LM) and non‐LM bifurcations and to determine the optimal treatment strategy for subtypes of bifurcation lesions in the current‐generation drug‐eluting stent era.

Methods
The ULTRA‐BIFURCAT (Combined Insights From the Unified COBIS III, RAIN, and ULTRA Registries) was created by merging 3 bifurcation‐dedicated registries from Korea and Italy. For this, 6548 patients treated with bifurcation lesions were stratified by lesion location and subtype. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis) at 800 days.

Results

In patients with an LM bifurcation, those with a true bifurcation had a significantly higher risk of a MACE than those with a nontrue bifurcation (20.2% versus 13.4%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.44 [95% CI, 1.11–1.86];
P
=0.006). Conversely, there was no significant difference in the risk of a MACE according to true versus nontrue bifurcation in patients with non‐LM bifurcation lesions (9.0% versus 8.8%; adjusted HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.82–1.27];
P
=0.849). For LM true bifurcations, MACE rates were comparable between 1‐stent and 2‐stent strategies, whereas for LM nontrue bifurcations, the 2‐stent strategy was associated with a significantly higher risk of MACEs than the 1‐stent strategy. No significant differences in the risk of MACEs were observed in non‐LM bifurcation lesions according to lesion subtype or treatment strategy.

Conclusions
Clinical outcomes were worse for LM true bifurcation lesions than non‐LM true bifurcation lesions. A provisional 1‐stent strategy should be the preferred approach for treating LM nontrue bifurcation lesions.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03068494, NCT03544294, and NCT05205148.
Subacute Neurological Improvement Predicts Favorable Functional Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: INTERACT2 Study
Authors: You Shoujiang , Zheng Danni , Chen Xiaoying , Wang Xia , Ouyang Menglu , Han Qiao , Cao Yongjun , Delcourt Candice , Song Lili , Carcel Cheryl , Arima Hisatomi , Liu Chun-Feng , Lindley Richard I. , Robinson Thompson , Anderson Craig S. , Chalmers John ,   for the INTERACT Investigators
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
The frequency and prognostic significance of subacute neurological improvement (SNI) on 90-day outcomes after acute intracerebral hemorrhage are unknown.

METHODS:
Secondary analyses of participant data from the INTERACT2 trial (Second Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial). SNI included any, moderate, significant, and substantial neurological improvement defined as ≥1, ≥2, ≥3, and ≥4 points decrease, respectively, on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from 24 hours to 7 days after intracerebral hemorrhage. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of SNI and death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6), major disability (modified Rankin Scale scores, 3–5), and death alone at 90 days. Data are reported as odds ratios and 95% CIs.

RESULTS:
Of 2571 patients included in analyses, 1492 (58.0%), 1057 (41.1%), 731 (28.4%), and 490 (19.1%) patients experienced any, moderate, significant, and substantial SNI (24 hours to 7 days) after intracerebral hemorrhage, respectively. After adjustment for key confounders, any SNI was associated with 49%, 25%, and 65% reduced odds of death or major disability (odds ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.42–0.63]), major disability alone (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63–0.90]), and death (odds ratio, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.24–0.50]), respectively. Moderate, significant, and substantial SNI were also significantly associated with decreased odds of death or major disability at 90 days. The relationship between any SNI and study outcomes was consistent in most subgroups, including age and baseline hematoma volume. Early intensive blood pressure-lowering treatment did not increase the odds of SNI.

CONCLUSIONS:
SNI from 24 hours to 7 days is common after intracerebral hemorrhage and predicts a lower likelihood of death or major disability.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00716079.
Guideless Artificial Life Model for Reproduction, Development, and Interactions
Authors: Utimula Keishu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reproduction, development, and individual interactions are vital yet complex natural processes. Tierra (an ALife model proposed by Thomas Ray) and cellular automata, which can manage these aspects in a complex manner, are significantly limited in their ability to express morphology and behavior. In contrast, the virtual creatures proposed by Karl Sims have a considerably higher degree of freedom in terms of morphology and behavior. However, they also exhibit a limited capacity for processes like reproduction, development, and individual interactions. In addition, they employ genetic algorithms, which can result in a loss of biological diversity, as their implementation necessitates predefining a fitness function. Contrarily, the evolution of natural life is determined by mutation and natural selection, rather than by a human-defined fitness function. This study carefully extracts the characteristics of these models to propose a new Artificial Life model that can simulate reproduction, development, and individual interactions while exhibiting a high expressive power for morphology and behavior. The model is based on the concept of incorporating Tierra and cellular automata mechanisms into a cell that moves freely in 3-D space. In this model, no predefined fitness function or form that qualifies as a living creature exists. In other words, this approach can be rephrased as searching for persistent patterns, which is similar to the approach of Conway’s Game of Life. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a proof-of-concept demonstration to showcase the capabilities of this model. Guideless simulation by the proposed model using mutation and natural selection resulted in the formation of two types of creatures—dumbbell shaped and reticulated. These creatures exhibit intriguing features, exploiting the degrees of freedom inherent to the proposed model. Particularly noteworthy is their unique method of reproduction, which bears a striking resemblance to that of real organisms. These results reinforce the potential of this approach in modeling intricate processes observed in actual organisms and its ability to generate virtual creatures with intriguing ecologies.
Neural and behavioral similarity-driven tuning curves for manipulable objects
Authors: Valério Daniela , Peres André , Bergström Fredrik , Seidel Philipp , Almeida Jorge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In our daily activities, we encounter numerous objects that we successfully distinguish and recognize within a fraction of a second. This holds for coarse distinctions (e.g., cat vs. hammer) but also for more challenging distinctions that require fine-grain analysis (e.g., cat vs. dog). The efficiency of this recognition depends on how the brain organizes object-related information. While several attempts have focused on unraveling large-scale organization principles, research on fine-grained knowledge organization is rather limited. Here, we explored the fine-grain organization of object knowledge and investigated whether manipulable objects are organized and represented in terms of their similarity. To accomplish this, different groups of individuals participated in a behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) release from adaptation experiment. Adaptation was induced by presenting different exemplars of a particular object, and release from adaptation was elicited by the presentation of a deviant object. The relationship between adaptation and deviant objects was manipulated into four levels of similarity, measured by feature overlap between these objects. Our findings revealed that increasing object similarity provoked slower reaction times and weaker fMRI release from adaptation. Specifically, we identified similarity-driven tuning curves for the release from adaptation in the medial fusiform, collateral sulcus, parahippocampal gyri, lingual gyri, lateral occipital complex, and occipito-parietal cortex. These results suggest that the processing and representation of objects in the brain and our ability to perform fine discriminations between objects reflect real-world object similarity in a relatively parametric manner.
Metrics and peer review agreement at the institutional level
Authors: Traag V. A. , Malgarini M. , Sarlo S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the past decades, many countries started funding academic institutions based on the evaluation of their scientific performance. Post-publication peer review is often used in this context. Bibliometric indicators have been suggested as an alternative to peer review. A recurrent question is whether peer review and metrics yield similar outcomes. In this paper, we study this question based on a sample of publications submitted to the national Italian research assessment exercise (2011–2014). In particular, we study the agreement between peer review and metrics at the institutional level, and compare this to the internal agreement of peer review. We base our analysis on a hierarchical Bayesian model using cross-validation. We find that the level of agreement is higher at the institutional level than at the publication level. Overall, the agreement between metrics and peer review is low, but on par with the similarly low internal agreement among two reviewers for certain fields of science. The low agreement between metrics and peer review is no reason for rejecting the use of metrics for some fields in the Italian national research assessment exercise. Our results provide input to the broader discussion of research evaluation, in which other factors also play an important role.

Peer Review
https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00352