bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Phytonutrient Content in Tomato by Genome Editing Technologies
Authors: Scarano Aurelia , Santino Angelo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe application of precise genome editing represents an important step-forward in plant functional genomics research and crop improvement by generating tailored modifications within a target genome sequence. Among the genome editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been the most largely one applied in many crop species, thanks to its high customizable specificity. Tomato is one of the most cultivated and consumed horticultural crops worldwide and an ideal model plant for studying different physiological processes (e.g., plant development, response to biotic/abiotic stresses, fruit quality) by using different approaches, such as conventional breeding, classical transgenesis and genome editing technologies. In recent years, the number of studies on the genome editing application in tomato has increasingly grown, particularly for the improvement of fruit quality and nutritional value. In this chapter, we report about the main achievements provided by such technologies for engineering the content of nutritionally relevant compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, and other important phytonutrients in tomato fruit.
The Citizens’ Awareness and Concerns During the Transition from Genetically Modified to Genome Edited Plants in Europe About Their Use in Agriculture and Food Production
Authors: Ichim Mihael Cristin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe genome edited crops and foods are commercially cultivated and marketed already at global level, rapidly expanding towards new applications and plant species, and successfully complementing the genetically modified ones. In the European Union, the genome edited plants have to follow the two-decade-old regulatory framework for genetically modified organisms. The decrease of both, number of notifications for field trials, and hectarage and countries commercially cultivating genetically modified plants, registered in the last decade in the European Union, has been closely followed by lower levels of awareness and concerns expressed by the European Union citizens about their use in farming and food production, as recorded by a long time series of Eurobarometers surveys. In contrast, in the four recent years only, the awareness about genome editing among the European Union citizens has significantly increased, reaching more than the half of the one about genetically modified products, along with the number of concerned European Union citizens about genome editing which also has doubled. The public opinion about genome edited crops and food products needs to be monitored further as it decisively influences the new regulatory framework to be proposed by the European Commission and therefore the extent to which the European consumer will benefit from the new biotechnologies.
NGT Plant Products in the EU. The Postulates, The Outlooks, and Possible Consequences of a Regulatory System Reform in the Context of Legislative Reforms in Third Countries and Detection Requirements
Authors: Zimny Tomasz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents potential consequences of the adoption of strict detection, identification or traceability requirements in the EU legislation regarding NGT products featuring single nucleotide variants. The context considered encompasses changes in the biosafety legislations not only in countries which were traditionally accepting of modern biotechnology products, but also in countries which were reluctant to use classic GMOs. Due to shifts in the approach to the regulation of NGT products not featuring stable inserts of foreign DNA, the EU risks becoming an isolated market with provisions not harmonized with those of its various trade partners or falling into a situation where regulated products officially not present on the market will enter due to a lack of efficient detection and identification methods and enforcement systems. Recent changes in the laws of such countries as Nigeria, Kenya or Japan are presented, as well as the recent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU.
Balancing Trait Improvement with Tradeoff Side-Effects Using Genome Editing Technology
Authors: Wind Julia Johanna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImproving traits by breeding involves compromising between desired traits and possible undesired side effects. Often encountered examples include pathogen resistance versus yield, shelf life time versus fruit quality, and seed number versus seed weight. Genome editing can be used to reduce the effect of some of these tradeoffs. Different genetic reasons underlying a tradeoff require different approaches: important to note is whether a detrimental effect is caused by a unique gene, or several analogs/ homologs, because the strategy needs to be adopted accordingly. Unique genes, for example, can be substituted by analogs, and homologs have the advantage that, amongst the available options, the gene causing the fewest pleiotropic effects can be altered in its activity. When the detrimental effect of a tradeoff is caused by two genetically linked genes, this can lead to linkage drag. To break this type of tradeoff genome editing can be used to force a crossover event. Overcoming a tradeoff can generate a new one, but can nevertheless result in an improved crop variety.
Methods and Techniques to Select Efficient Guides for CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing in Plants
Authors: D’Orso Fabio , Forte Valentina , Baima Simona , Possenti Marco , Palma Daniela , Morelli Giorgio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCRISPR technology is revolutionizing genomic engineering by enabling scientists to precisely modify plant DNA, thus representing a powerful tool for plant breeding.This chapter provides a summary of the approaches and constraints of CRISPR-mediated genome editing in plants, with a focus on the critical prerequisite of efficient CRISPR reagents for successful gene editing in plants.While computational tools have tremendously improved our ability to design specific guides, their limitations make guide effectiveness prediction unreliable, especially for plants. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to validate CRISPR reagents before investing time and resources in the challenging process of plant transformation.A number of in vitro and in planta assays coupled with analytical methods have been proposed to assess the editing performances. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, so the choice of the most suitable system depends on the specific plant species and the type and depth of the genotypic data required.In many cases, the hairy root assay can provide a good compromise between rapidity, reliability and cost-effectiveness for assessing editing performance in numerous plant species.
A Short Review of Advances in Plant-Based Antigen Production Strategies and the Production of Viral Vaccine Antigens Derived from CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Edited N. benthamiana Plants for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Evju Espen , Opsahl-Sorteberg Hilde-Gunn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant-based antigen manufacturing procedures have transformed vaccine research and industry by offering a cost-effective, scalable, and safe alternative to traditional protein production systems. This chapter discusses genome editing applications for plant-based protein production systems, antigen, and antibody manufacturing, as well as their future and current developments. The chapter briefly summarizes the several advantages of plant-based protein manufacturing platforms, including lower production costs, faster response to developing risks, and the absence of animal-derived components, which contributes to a lower risk of contamination and allergic responses. The chapter provides a basic overview of recent advances in plant-based antigen production, with a focus on vaccine antigens generated from CRISPR/Cas9 genome edited Nicotiana benthamiana to improve immunogenicity by altering plant glycosylation patterns to be more compatible with human glycosylation. Solving this could revolutionize existing vaccine production from plants to meet sustainable production objectives while also benefiting human health. These applications of genome editing demonstrate how versatile the approaches may be, from basic science to improving human health.
Precise Gene Editing of Cereals Using CRISPR/Cas Technology
Authors: Pouramini Pouneh , Hensel Goetz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTargeted mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas technology has become routine in elucidating biological processes or their application in breeding and agriculture. This means that the change to be achieved can be accurately predicted. However, knockout of a gene function is not always desirable, as reducing activity or affecting a protein domain can influence its properties and, thus, the phenotype. This chapter will therefore focus on precise genome modification in temperate cereals. The methods used, including some representative examples, are summarised here.
Schlüsselbereich Digitalisierung
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Transition einer linearen Bauwirtschaft mit Ressourcenverbrauch zu einem zirkulären System der Ressourcennutzung und -Wiederverwendung erfordert neue Strategien, Regulatorien, Prozesse, Produktdesigns und Geschäftsmodelle. Es fordert ein Zusammenwirken aller am Bauprozess beteiligten Stakeholder vom Hersteller, Planer und Errichter bis zum Betreiber, inkl. Rückbau. Zur Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bauwesen wurden vom Umweltbundesamt zehn Schlüsselbereiche identifiziert (UBA 2021, S. 5).
Graded cellular structures for enhanced performance of additively manufactured orthopaedic implants
Authors: Thomas James , Alsaleh Naser A. , Ahmadein Mahmoud , Elfar Abdullah A. , Farouk Hala A. , Essa Khamis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHip implants face a significant challenge due to their limited lifespan, a concern amplified by the rising human life expectancy. Lattice structures have demonstrated the ability to provide precise control over geometry, thereby significantly enhancing implant performance. This paper introduces the development of graded additively manufactured Ti6Al4V lattice structures for orthopaedic implants. The objective focuses on developing a graded lattice unit cell design mirroring human bone properties, emphasising high surface curvature and design versatility to improve mechanical and biomedical properties, specifically osseointegration and stress shielding. The study involves modelling and grading simple cubic (SC) and body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice structures with various geometries and graded conditions and conducting compressive tests to identify the optimal configuration. The results showed that filleting was found to be the mechanical strength. On the other hand, BCC lattice structures demonstrated superior performance compared to SC structures. The optimised structure with a pore size of 400 µm provided an elastic modulus of 15.7 GPa, yield strength of 296 MPa and compressive strength of 530 MPa. This graded lattice design approach provides a promising technique for enhancing hip implant performance, offering potential improvements.
Universal and ecological design in media accessibility: finding common ground
Authors: Hermosa-Ramírez Irene 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article cross-checks universal design and ecological design in the context of media accessibility (with an emphasis on audio description, captions, audio subtitling, sign language interpreting, touch tours), aiming to identify practices that adhere to both design approaches. Following a literature review, a theoretical commentary is presented. Therein, each of the seven universal design principles (Connell et al. in The principles of universal design, 1997. https://projects.ncsu.edu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm) is assessed in the light of ecological design. Three different outcomes are found when connecting universal design and ecological design principles: (1) certain universal design principles overlap with ecological design principles; (2) others are divergent with ecological design principles and (3) some are complementary, that is, they are unrelated but may be reconcilable. Universal design principles one and two (equitable use and flexibility in use) are harmonious with principles of ecological design in several ways. Principles three (simple and intuitive use), four (perceptible information) and seven (appropriate size and space) remain seemingly unrelated to ecological design principles, though they could be reconciled if certain changes were undertaken. Principles five (low physical effort) and six (appropriate size and space for approach and use) of universal design could be antagonistic with ecological design in some regards.
Non-integrally closed Kronecker function rings and integral domains with a unique minimal overring
Authors: Guerrieri Lorenzo , Loper K. Alan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is well-known that an integrally closed domain D can be expressed as the intersection of its valuation overrings but, if D is not a Prüfer domain, most of the valuation overrings of D cannot be seen as localizations of D. The Kronecker function ring of D is a classical construction of a Prüfer domain which is an overring of D[t], and its localizations at prime ideals are of the form V(t) where V runs through the valuation overrings of D. This fact can be generalized to arbitrary integral domains by expressing them as intersections of overrings which admit a unique minimal overring. In this article we first continue the study of rings admitting a unique minimal overring extending known results obtained in the 1970s and constructing examples where the integral closure is very far from being a valuation domain. Then we extend the definition of Kronecker function ring to the non-integrally closed setting by studying intersections of Nagata rings of the form A(t) for A an integral domain admitting a unique minimal overring.
Ferroptosis and cuproptposis in kidney Diseases: dysfunction of cell metabolism
Authors: Chen Tingting , Liang Lifei , Wang Yuzhu , Li Xiaoyu , Yang Cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal ions play an important role in living organisms and are involved in essential physiological activities. However, the overload state of ions can cause excess free radicals, cell damage, and even cell death. Ferroptosis and cuproptosis are specific forms of cell death that are distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and other regulated cell death. These unique modalities of cell death, dependent on iron and copper, are regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including steady-state metal redox treatment mitochondrial activity of lipid, amino acid and glucose metabolism, and various signaling pathways associated with disease. Although the mechanisms of ferroptosis and cuproptosis are not yet fully understood, there is no doubt that ion overload plays a crucial act in these metal-dependent cell deaths. In this review, we discussed the core roles of ion overload in ferroptosis and cuproptosis, the association between metabolism imbalance and ferroptosis and cuproptosis, the extract the diseases caused by ion overload and current treatment modalities.
Insights on the Theory of Robust Games
Authors: Crespi G. P. , Radi D. , Rocca M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A robust game is a distribution-free model to handle ambiguity generated by a bounded set of possible realizations of the values of players’ payoff functions. The players are worst-case optimizers and a solution, called robust-optimization equilibrium, is guaranteed by standard regularity conditions. The paper investigates the sensitivity to the level of uncertainty of this equilibrium focusing on robust games with no private information. Specifically, we prove that a robust-optimization equilibrium is an

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-Nash equilibrium of the nominal counterpart game, where

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

measures the extra profit that a player would obtain by reducing his level of uncertainty. Moreover, given an

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-Nash equilibrium of a nominal game, we prove that it is always possible to introduce uncertainty such that the

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-Nash equilibrium is a robust-optimization equilibrium. These theoretical insights increase our understanding on how uncertainty impacts on the solutions of a robust game. Solutions that can be extremely sensitive to the level of uncertainty as the worst-case approach introduces non-linearity in the payoff functions. An example shows that a robust Cournot duopoly model can admit multiple and asymmetric robust-optimization equilibria despite only a symmetric Nash equilibrium exists for the nominal counterpart game.
A model for enhancing creativity, collaboration and pre-professional identities in technology-supported cross-organizational communities of practice
Authors: Mavri Aekaterini , Ioannou Andri , Loizides Fernando 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research proposes that technology-supported cross-organizational (university-industry) Communities of Practice (CoPs), which are integrated into the Design Studies curriculum in Higher Education, can foster robust university-industry collaborations. These can help bridge the reported gap between the actual versus the expected soft skills and personae of young graduates transitioning to the creative industries today. CoPs are groups of people who share a common interest in an area of ‘endeavor’ and connect to co-create competence in that area through their practice.This paper makes two overarching research contributions. First, it informs about the design, enactment, and evaluation of a student CoP in an undergraduate Design course which was expanded to include members from the industry as clients, alumni mentors, and expert evaluators. Drawing from rich empirical data, the paper explains the designed and emergent learning phenomena of CoP participation and its effects on the students’ creative and socio-epistemic outcomes, as well as their pre-professional identities. Second, it presents a governance model with three sets of actionable guidelines, namely theSet(technology), theSocial(collaborative), and theEpistemic(learning) components. The entire body of work validates the critical interlocking of these components to form a robust social learning model that appropriates the complex practices of cross-organizational CoPs in Higher Education Design studies.
Mechanistic exploration of charge transport and photosensitivity of metal/polymer/semiconductor (MPS) junction for sensitive light detection applications
Authors: El-Mahalawy Ahmed M. , Abdrabou Mahmoud M. , Mansour S. A. , Ali Fayez M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, PVA: PVP@Ni(OAc)2 nanocomposite spin-coated thin films have been fabricated as a barrier modifier interlayer in a metal/polymer/semiconductor configuration for light detection applications. The nanostructure, as well as the surface roughness profile of the deposited thin films, have been inspected using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and field emission scan electron microscope (FE-SEM). The obtained results showed nanoplatelet architecture films with smooth surfaces of average roughness of ~ 7.08 nm. The optical absorption, reflection, and transmission spectra have been analyzed and the value of the fabricated film’s energy gap has been confirmed with several analytical approaches. Furthermore, the DC electrical properties of Ag/Si (n-type and p-type), as well as Ag/polymer nanocomposite/Si (n-type and p-type), have been investigated under dark conditions. The microelectronic properties have been estimated using thermionic emission, Norde’s, and Cheung-Cheung’s models. Besides, the mechanistic details of charge transport have been explored under forward and reverse bias conditions. The photoresponsive features of the designed Ag/ PVA/PVP@Ni(OAc)2 /p-Si junction have been evaluated under different illumination intensities. The current device achieved superior photodetection capability with high responsivity, detectivity, and fast switching behavior.
Global optimization of mixed-integer nonlinear programs with SCIP 8
Authors: Bestuzheva Ksenia , Chmiela Antonia , Müller Benjamin , Serrano Felipe , Vigerske Stefan , Wegscheider Fabian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For over 10 years, the constraint integer programming framework SCIP has been extended by capabilities for the solution of convex and nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programs (MINLPs). With the recently published version 8.0, these capabilities have been largely reworked and extended. This paper discusses the motivations for recent changes and provides an overview of features that are particular to MINLP solving in SCIP. Further, difficulties in benchmarking global MINLP solvers are discussed and a comparison with several state-of-the-art global MINLP solvers is provided.
Combined Newton-Gradient Method for Constrained Root-Finding in Chemical Reaction Networks
Authors: Berra Silvia , La Torraca Alessandro , Benvenuto Federico , Sommariva Sara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a fast, globally convergent, iterative algorithm for computing the asymptotically stable states of nonlinear large-scale systems of quadratic autonomous ordinary differential equations (ODE) modeling, e.g., the dynamic of complex chemical reaction networks. Toward this aim, we reformulate the problem as a box-constrained optimization problem where the roots of a set of nonlinear equations need to be determined. Then, we propose to use a projected Newton’s approach combined with a gradient descent algorithm so that every limit point of the sequence generated by the overall algorithm is a stationary point. More importantly, we suggest replacing the standard orthogonal projector with a novel operator that ensures the final solution to satisfy the box constraints while lowering the probability that the intermediate points reached at each iteration belong to the boundary of the box where the Jacobian of the objective function may be singular. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown in a practical scenario concerning a chemical reaction network modeling the signaling network of colorectal cancer cells. Specifically, in this scenario the proposed algorithm is proved to be faster and more accurate than a classical dynamical approach where the asymptotically stable states are computed as the limit points of the flux of the Cauchy problem associated with the ODE system.
A Generalised Matching Distribution for the Problem of Coincidences
Authors: O’Neill Ben 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the classical matching distribution arising in the “problem of coincidences”. We generalise the classical matching distribution with a preliminary round of allocation where items are correctly matched with some fixed probability, and remaining non-matched items are allocated using simple random sampling without replacement. Our generalised matching distribution is a convolution of the classical matching distribution and the binomial distribution. We examine the properties of this latter distribution and show how its probability functions can be computed. We also show how to use the distribution for matching tests and inferences of matching ability.