bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B-ROS re-balanced learning method for PS-A-RoF FWA communication
Authors: Wang Qihang , Zhou Wen , Xu Sicong , Sang Bohan , Tan Yuxuan , Xie Tangyao 
Published: December 2023

The enhanced remote area communication (eRAC) scenario is an important growth point in the communication market. In some remote areas where optical fiber access cannot be realized or the laying cost is too high, fixed wireless access (FWA) is an appropriate supplementary solution for eRAC. Adopting analog radio over fiber (A-RoF) technology to implement FWA can overcome the bandwidth limitation of electronic devices and realize high-frequency carrier communication economically to achieve high-capacity wireless communication. Also, probabilistic shaping (PS) technology can be combined with A-RoF to further improve the flexibility of the network and coverage of service provision. However, in the PS-A-RoF network, the high RF power introduces more undesired nonlinear effects into the network, and it is often necessary to deploy supervised machine learning (ML) compensation modules in wireless receivers (WRs). But the module performances are affected by the uneven probability distribution of PS-QAM constellation points. In this paper, we employ the PS-A-RoF nonlinear model to theoretically investigate the correlation between the distribution of training symbols and the wireless A-RoF system’s performance. Our analysis reveals that reducing the variance of training symbol power contributes to a lower BER in the A-RoF network. We introduce a borderline random over-sampling (B-ROS) that matches with the PS-A-RoF nonlinear model, instead of the mainstream ROS, which is only at the data level. Based on the B-ROS scheme, only the minority examples below the borderline are over-sampled to reach a better variance performance. Introducing the B-ROS method into the supervised complex value nonlinear compensation module can further improve the decision accuracy of WRs with the restoration of phase information, without increasing additional computational resource consumption. The vector noise power, training symbol power variance, and noise factor metrics have been calculated to optimize the borderline value of our ML-based approach. We also present experimental data on the proof-of-concept A-RoF experiment for PS-64QAM. The results demonstrate a promising nonlinear compensation performance of the B-ROS WR, and the optimal borderline agrees well with the one deduced from the theoretical model under certain transmission conditions. Our proposed B-ROS scheme lessens the training size demand and can improve the receiver sensitivity by 0.51 dB compared to the common ML-based WR and by 0.7 dB compared to the conventional ROS scheme.
Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis at a hospital serving a pastoralist community, Endulen, Tanzania
Authors: Maze Michael J. , Shirima Gabriel M. , Lukambagire Abdul-Hamid S. , Bodenham Rebecca F. , Rubach Matthew P. , Cash-Goldwasser Shama , Carugati Manuela , Thomas Kate M. , Sakasaka Philoteus , Mkenda Nestory , Allan Kathryn J. , Kazwala Rudovick R. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Buza Joram J. , Maro Venance P. , Galloway Renee L. , Haydon Daniel T. , Crump John A. , Halliday Jo E. B. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Leptospirosis is suspected to be a major cause of illness in rural Tanzania associated with close contact with livestock. We sought to determine leptospirosis prevalence, identify infecting Leptospira serogroups, and investigate risk factors for leptospirosis in a rural area of Tanzania where pastoralist animal husbandry practices and sustained livestock contact are common.

Methods
We enrolled participants at Endulen Hospital, Tanzania. Patients with a history of fever within 72 hours, or a tympanic temperature of ≥38.0°C were eligible. Serum samples were collected at presentation and 4–6 weeks later. Sera were tested using microscopic agglutination testing with 20 Leptospira serovars from 17 serogroups. Acute leptospirosis cases were defined by a ≥four-fold rise in antibody titre between acute and convalescent serum samples or a reciprocal titre ≥400 in either sample. Leptospira seropositivity was defined by a single reciprocal antibody titre ≥100 in either sample. We defined the predominant reactive serogroup as that with the highest titre. We explored risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity using logistic regression modelling.

Results
Of 229 participants, 99 (43.2%) were male and the median (range) age was 27 (0, 78) years. Participation in at least one animal husbandry practice was reported by 160 (69.9%). We identified 18 (7.9%) cases of acute leptospirosis, with Djasiman 8 (44.4%) and Australis 7 (38.9%) the most common predominant reactive serogroups. Overall, 69 (30.1%) participants were Leptospira seropositive and the most common predominant reactive serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 20, 29.0%), Djasiman (n = 19, 27.5%), and Australis (n = 17, 24.6%). Milking cattle (OR 6.27, 95% CI 2.24–7.52) was a risk factor for acute leptospirosis, and milking goats (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.07–5.16) was a risk factor for Leptospira seropositivity.

Conclusions
We identified leptospirosis in approximately one in twelve patients attending hospital with fever from this rural community. Interventions that reduce risks associated with milking livestock may reduce human infections.
Optimal Taxation of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Principles for Taxing Reduced-Harm Tobacco Products
Authors: Prieger James E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the tax base for traditional tobacco excise taxes continues to erode, policymakers have growing interest to expand taxation to novel and reduced-risk tobacco products. Chief among the latter are electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; commonly known as e-cigarettes), although other reduced-risk tobacco products such as heated tobacco and smokeless tobacco products are also being considered for taxation. There are many possible rationales for taxing such products: to raise revenue, to correct for health externalities, to improve public health, to correct for internalities caused by irrationality or misinformation, and to redistribute income. Although each rationale leads to a different objective function, the conclusions regarding relative tax rates are largely the same. The relatively higher price elasticity of demand for e-cigarettes (compared to cigarettes) and the lower marginal harms from use imply in each case that taxes on e-cigarettes and other harm-reduced products should be relatively lower, and likely much lower, than those on cigarettes. Additional considerations concerning the policy goal of discouraging use of any tobacco product by youth are discussed as well.
Study on the evaluation system and risk factor traceability of receiving water body
Authors: Qiu Yang , Ren Xiaoming , Wang Zixuan , Zhou Yukun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The risk factor of the receiving water body is one of the important factors that affect the self-purification ability of the water body. Analyzing the concentration and removal rate of the target substances such as suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the receiving water body during the life cycle can trace the risk factor. Based on this, this article takes a sewage treatment plant and its receiving water body in Nanjing as the research object, sets up five sampling points, and calculates the target concentration and removal rate using the cellular automata-Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Thus, risk assessment of water bodies can be achieved. The results show that: (1) the concentration of the target substance in each process stage has obviously decreased during the life cycle, with an average concentration of 3–18 mg/L; (2) in the life cycle, the highest removal rate of target concentration in each process section can reach 85%; (3) the concentration of target substances SS, COD, TN, TN, TP, and TP at the outlet of the sewage treatment plant is relatively high. Practice has proven that this research method can assess the risk factors of receiving water bodies, so as to improve the scientific, refined and standardized environmental management.
Validating experimental data for attenuation coefficients of developed polymer composites in shielding applications through Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Saiyad Mamta , Shah Nimish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The widespread use of composites in an ionizing environment raises durability concerns, particularly when performance is required over a longer period, in a radiation environment. The goal of this study was to measure the attenuation coefficient for the polymer composite developed for the radiation shielding application and validate it with the well-known Monte Carlo simulation. A radiation-hardened epoxy resin was developed in the laboratory by utilizing various compositions which is capable of being employed as a shielding material in a nuclear environment. To develop a radiation-hardened layer, to some extent, raised the density of the material, using suitable fillers. Polymer stabilizers were used single or in combination. The specimens were irradiated to determine the developed material’s shielding properties. The prepared composites’ radiation absorption is evaluated using an absorption coefficient. Experiments with gamma radiation using an Am Be Neutron source were conducted to determine the linear absorption coefficient. Monte Carlo simulation was utilized to predict the absorption coefficient for developed composites and the results were compared with experimental data.
Determination of steady states of tank and recycle tubular reactors using homotopy and parametric continuation methods
Authors: Berezowski Marek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work concerns the application of the homotopy method to solve the mathematical model of a non-adiabatic chemical continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and tubular reactor with mass recycle (TRR) (Berezowski 2000. Spatio-temporal chaos in tubular chemical reactors with the recycle of mass, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1197–1204). This method was associated with the parametric multivariable continuation algorithm. Thanks to this, this method can automatically find all the multiple steady states of the reactor model without the need to use any iteration. The parametric continuation method is used to determine a curve whose each point is a solution of the tested model. Therefore, the starting point must be very precisely designated so that it lies on this curve. Otherwise, the result is a graph that deviates from the correct graph. However, this condition is not required when the homotopy method is also introduced into the calculations. The starting point can then be a point with any coordinates. Different curves are also obtained, but the homotopy method ensures that each of them passes through the point where the parameter p = 1. The solution we are looking for in the model is just such a point. This is undoubtedly a big advantage resulting from the combination of both above-mentioned methods.
Probiotic set-yogurt fortified with cranberry fruit powder: physicochemical properties and health effect on ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Ruan Jingxin , Li Yufeng , Zheng Jun’an , Yu Min , Sun Weihao , Wei Xiuyan , Zhang Xiangrong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cranberry fruit powder (CFP) on the physicochemical and bioactive properties of yogurt. The addition of CFP before fermentation enhanced the amount of total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, antioxidant capacity and elastic modulus of yogurt compared with the control. In the experiment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were statistically lower in the CFPY group than that of DSS group. Moreover, the histological lesions of UC mice were significantly ameliorated in the CFPY group. The pH value decreased significantly, but the sugar content, water holding capacity, susceptibility to syneresis improved a little during storage at 4 °C. The bacterial counts were more than the minimum recommended daily dose (6 log CFU/g) in CFP yogurt. The findings suggest that addition of CFP into yogurt is a promising option of producing novel yogurts with nutrition value and bioactivity.
The combined effects of task repetition and post-task teacher-corrected transcribing on complexity, accuracy and fluency of L2 oral performance
Authors: Nguyen Huu Thanh Minh , Nguyen Hang Le Thanh , Vo Ngoc Mai , Huynh Nguyen Khanh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Given the benefits of task repetition, post-task transcribing and teacher corrective feedback, examining the combined effects of task repetition and post-task teacher-corrected transcribing is promised to produce gains in L2 oral performance. In recognition of this potential, this study examined the effects of task repetition combined with post-task teacher-corrected transcribing (TRPTCT) on the complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) of L2 oral performance and CAF gains over time. On a sample of 27 second year English-majors in a Vietnamese university, they were randomly divided into three groups including TRPTCT, task repetition (TR), and control groups. They later orally performed three picture description tasks, which were measured in terms of CAF. Results showed that the TRPTCT condition was superior to the TR condition at increasing complexity and fluency for the students’ repeated task performances. Additionally, the TRPTCT condition was better at fostering accuracy in verb forms and complexity in terms of clause subordination and length of language production as learning gains in the new task performance.
Exploring Chinese university English writing teachers’ emotions in providing feedback on student writing
Authors: Yao Yuan , Yu Shulin , Zhu Xinhua , Zhu Siyu , Pang Wanru 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite the growing interest in emotions in L2 writing education, empirical research on teachers’ emotions as feedback providers is limited. With 288 English writing teachers from 120 universities in 23 provinces of China, this study developed a 17-item scale to measure Chinese university English writing teachers’ feedback-giving emotions. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five kinds of emotions: cheerfulness, contentment, frustration, anxiety, and anger. Latent profile analysis identified four groups of teachers according to their diverse patterns of emotions: slight-positive-emotional teachers (N = 118, 40.97 % of the total sample), negative-emotional teachers (N = 35, 12.15 %), positive-emotional teachers (N = 50, 17.36 %), and mixed-emotional teachers (N = 85, 29.51 %). Most demographic variables, including teaching experience, student background, and institution prestige, had no correlation with teachers’ feedback-giving emotions. Only professional training experience had minimal influence on teachers’ group memberships concerning feedback-giving emotions. This study contributes to the literature on teachers’ emotions during the provision of feedback by developing an instrument for large-scale quantitative studies. It also confirms the complexity of feedback-giving emotions, particularly the identification of mixed-emotional teachers.
Direktionalität im Konferenzdolmetschen: eine terminologische Vorbereitungsmethode für die Sprachrichtung A-B
Authors: D’Amico-Wolff Stefania 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Specialised terminology plays a central role in conference interpreting, both simultaneous and consecutive, as well as in the preparation phase preceding an interpreting assignment. This applies both when rendering from the mother tongue (A language) into the foreign language (B language) and when interpreting from B language to A language.However, terminology preparation is particularly important in the A-B language direction, as it is often the case that it is not a term as such that creates translation difficulties, but rather the context in which it appears. The author therefore intends to propose a preparation model based on a syntagmatic approach and a contrastive analysis, which makes it possible to analyse terms placed in a given context of use and to identify their respective translation equivalents in the B language on the basis of the syntactic “framework” in which the term in question occurs. This method of preparation is intended to make a contribution to the debate on directionality in the field of interpreting in support of the thesis according to which “True interpretation can also occur in one’s B language”.
The value of color Doppler ultrasonography combined with serum tumor markers in differential diagnosis of gastric stromal tumor and gastric cancer
Authors: Cheng Xinyu , Xia Jianguo , Xu Qi , Gui Huawei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in differential diagnosis of gastric stromal tumor (GST) and gastric cancer (GC). An analysis of the clinical data of 180 patients with clinically suspected gastric space occupying lesions. According to the postoperative pathological results, 180 suspected gastric space-occupying lesion patients were divided into GST group (n = 83) and GC group (n = 97). Color Doppler ultrasonography, serum tumor markers CEA and CA19-9 were compared. The research results showed that serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were lower in patients with GST group than those with GC group (both P < 0.001). With postoperative pathology as the gold standard, detection rates of GST and GC by combination of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), serum CEA, and CA19-9 were higher than those of each index alone (both P < 0.001). There was no difference between detection rates of GST and GC by combination of CDUS, serum CEA, and CA19-9 (P = 0.058). Color Doppler ultrasonography combined with serum tumor markers CEA and CA19-9 tests has a certain differential diagnostic value for GST and GC, which may provide a reliable reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Compression behavior of the wood-inspired cellular structure of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Authors: Aydın Murat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In wood science and technology, researchers increasingly focus on the additive manufacturing in different aspects through assembly, mechanical, and physical characterization of the printed parts. One of the main parameters influence the wood features is the inhomogeneity of cellular structure. The effect of dislocation on the compression behavior was evaluated over the wood-inspired cellular structure. The 4.4 × 4.4 mm cross-cut–sized cell (0.8 mm cell wall thickness and 2.8 mm lumen diameter) with 10 mm thickness was arrayed by 6 columns and 3 rows to design the control model. The middle row was 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 mm dislocated to obtain irregular models. Objects were fabricated through the deposition of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament using DaVinci 1.0 all in one three-dimensional printer. The effect of printing orientation (vertical and horizontal) on compression behavior was also figured out. The compression test was performed to obtain the load–deformation behavior of samples. According to the results, the horizontally printed samples presented better performance. Furthermore, horizontal alignment, rectilinear infill type, 90 % infill density, and 0.2 mm layer height combination presented the highest (5719 N) load-carrying capacity. The statistical analysis (P < 0.05) figured out that cell dislocation has significant influences on mechanical properties.
Fractional insights into Zika virus transmission: Exploring preventive measures from a dynamical perspective
Authors: Jan Rashid , Razak Normy Norfiza Abdul , Boulaaras Salah , Rehman Ziad Ur 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mathematical models for infectious diseases can help researchers, public health officials, and policymakers to predict the course of an outbreak. We formulate an epidemic model for the transmission dynamics of Zika infection with carriers to understand the intricate progression route of the infection. In our study, we focused on the visualization of the transmission patterns of the Zika with asymptomatic carriers, using fractional calculus. For the validity of the model, we have shown that the solutions of the system are positive and bounded. Moreover, we conduct a qualitative analysis and examine the dynamical behavior of Zika dynamics. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the system have been proved through analytic skills. We establish the necessary conditions to ensure the stability of the recommended system based on the Ulam–Hyers stability concept (UHS). Our research emphasizes the most critical factors, specifically the mosquito biting rate and the existence of asymptomatic carriers, in increasing the complexity of virus control efforts. Furthermore, we predict that the asymptomatic fraction has the ability to spread the infection to non-infected regions. Furthermore, treatment due to medication, the fractional parameter or memory index, and vaccination can serve as effective control measures in combating this viral infection.
Adequacy of LIS Curriculum in Response to Global Trends: A Case Study of Tanzanian Universities
Authors: Mubofu Christian , Mambo Henry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines the adequacy of the library and information science (LIS) curriculum in responding to fast-changing global trends in the library profession developments. The study utilizes a case study design to investigate the University of Dar es Salaam and Open University of Tanzania. The findings of the study reveal the importance of aligning LIS education curriculum with global trends to ensure that graduates have the requisite skills and knowledge to meet the demands of the ever-evolving field. The study highlights digital literacy, emerging technologies, user-centered services, and diversity, equity, and inclusion as critical areas requiring prioritization in the LIS curriculum. The study recommends the development of technical skills, soft skills, emerging technologies, and cultural competencies with practical training opportunities, real-world case studies, and industry partnerships. The study emphasizes the importance of information security and privacy, data management and analysis, collection development and management, marketing and outreach, digital humanities and scholarship, and accessibility and universal design in LIS education.