bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prologue History Rewritten
Authors: Widmer Edward L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This modest editorial statement appeared in the first issue of the Democratic Re­ view, the most ambitious magazine of antebellum America. And like most re­ nunciations of the past, the rhetorical blast issued by John O’Sullivan fit snugly in a long continuum. Remembering the Declaration of Independence, and anticipating Manifest Destiny (which he would name in 1845), the young editor was intensely aware of history as he denied the influence of previous generations.
Representation without Taxation:Art for the People
Authors: Widmer Edward L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1834 the sculptor Hiram Powers was commissioned to create a bust of Andrew Jackson, but paused before rendering the president’s toothless mouth. Never much for self-pity, Jackson admonished the nervous artist and ordered the portrait executed with military precision and unblinking realism. “Make me as I am, Mr. Powers,” he commanded, “and be true to nature always.” These words might serve as the slogan for an era that witnessed the rise of a legitimate artistic infrastructure in the United States, and a corresponding preference for American reality, as ex­ pressed in landscape and genre art, over the faux-European gentility of elegant portraiture.
Constitutional Justice
Authors: Teitel Ruti G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter turns to the nature and role of constitutionalism in periods of 1 political change. The central dilemma is how to reconcile the concept of constitutionalism with revolution: Revolutionary periods and their aftermath are times of political flux and, as such, present tensions with constitutionalism, which is ordinarily considered to bind an enduring political order. Consider the prevailing conception of the relation of constitutional to political change and, in particular, the modern claim for constitutionalism as foundational to democracy. This model, it is argued here, best describes an eighteenth-century view of the relation of the constitutional to the political; hence it cannot capture the constitutional developments associated with political change during the last half century and, as such, needs to be supplemented.1
Morality and Communities: Collective Action
Authors: Hartman Edwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 offered some reasons to believe that thinking about ethics, business ethics or otherwise, requires us to think about communities. Some of these reasons have been available since Aristotle, who claims that man is a political animal-a creature whose nature is to live in a polis, a city-state-and that to be a truly good man one must be a citizen of a great polis. On somewhat different grounds Rawls holds that the structure of the community is the primary subject of justice. The moral life requires the support of the right sort of community; that is not a truth that all moralists have embraced, but it is a truth all the same. The moral life in business thus requires the support of the right sort of organization, which is the subject of this chapter. What makes this subject interesting is that both defining the right sort of organization and creating it are difficult. A large part of the difficulty is that organizations characteristically raise collective action problems that challenge managers’ organizational skills as well as their good intentions. The problems of particular interest to business ethicists concern the contractual relationships and other agreements that create obligations among people in organizations. We have been invited to believe that one meets one’s obligations by adhering to the contracts into which one has freely entered. It is not so simple: for one thing, not all contracts are good; some of them do not address the problems of collective action, and some are bad for other reasons.
Generalizing Ideas with Impact: The Case of Samsung Electronics
Authors: Yeung Arthur K , Ulrich David O , Nason Stephen W , Glinow Mary Ann Von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The difference between knowing what to do and doing it is like the difference between reading about being a musician and becoming one. All the reading, study of theory, and talking to musicians about what they do cannot replace the practice and effort required to play an instrument well. Knowing how to play and actually playing are separate pieces of the playing process.
The difference between generating and generalizing ideas with impact is also vast. Both are important. As we discussed in the previous chapter, generation focuses on finding ideas through a mix of the four learning styles; generalization, however, emphasizes implementing those ideas. Experimenting companies generate many new ideas, for instance, but the second building block of organizational learning capability requires acting on and learning from the experiments. Those that primarily generate ideas through competency acquisition must turn those competencies into action and results. And for benchmarkers like Samsung Electronics, while successful idea generation happens through benchmarking external practices, it is generalization that takes those outside practices inside the company.
Learning Matters, Warts and All: Diary of a True Learning Organization
Authors: Yeung Arthur K , Ulrich David O , Nason Stephen W , Glinow Mary Ann Von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wouldn’t it be nice to visit the inner sanctum of a true learning organization? After all, reading someone else’s personal diary can be tempting, even if it brings on pangs of guilt. We want to know the “dirt”; heaven forbid if we get caught reading it, but that doesn’t stop us if we have the chance. By analogy, most business leaders would like to read a diary of what worked and what didn’t in other companies. It’s reassuring to know that your organization is not the only one to experience difficulties in creating and retaining learning capability, to make whopping mistakes, or even to come to grips with what it means to be a learning organization.
Despite the rare success of a well-known CEO like Jack Welch, or a much ballyhooed learning giant like Motorola, few (if any) companies have “pure” learning organizations that do everything we have suggested in this book. In fact, most corporate learning diaries would show that while some activities encourage learning, others do not. That may be why corporate diaries, like personal ones, are often kept private. What company wants to reveal the warts and weaknesses behind its public persona?
Facets of Romance Past Participle Agreement
Authors: Kayne Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is usual to say that in (2) and (3), the past participle agrees with the clitic or Wh-phrase, much as the auxiliary ‘a’ in (1)-(3) is said to agree with the subject NP ‘Paul’. We shall argue, however, that this parallelism is only partially valid and that there is a significant distinction to be drawn between the two types of agreement, namely that although the finite auxiliary does agree directly with its subject, the past participle in (2) and (3) does not agree directly in the same sense with either clitic or Wh-phrase. Rather, the past participle agreement in (2) and (3) must be mediated by an empty category that intervenes between the clitic or Wh-phrase and the past participle.
Null Subjects and Clitic Climbing
Authors: Kayne Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This proposal was taken up by Rizzi (1982a, 172), who suggested that the re structuring rule underlying (1b) might be excluded from applying in French if it were sensitive to some notion of adjacency and if, following Chomsky (1981a), there were a syntactic rule lowering INFL to the verb in null subject languages like Italian, but not in French. We have expressed doubts elsewhere as to the syntactic relevance of adjacency, Chomsky (1986a, 74) has moved away from his INFL-lowering analysis, and we now also doubt the correctness of a restructuring approach to (1b). The present article will consequently explore the possibility of expressing a relation between clitic climbing and null subjects within an approach to the former that makes no use of a restructuring rule (though our analysis of that relation will agree with Rizzi’s in attributing a crucial role to INFL).
Person Morphemes and Reflexives in Italian, French, and Related Languages
Authors: Kayne Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Helke (1973), Pica (1987), Iatridou (1988), Safir (1996), and others have emphasized the importance of the internal structure of reflexives of the English himself type and the Italian se stesso type. In this essay, I would like to extend that line of thought to the apparently monomorphemic nonclitic reflexives found in French and Italian (and many other European languages). More specifically, I will argue that French soi and Italian se are themselves bimorphemic and that each subcomponent makes a distinct syntactic contribution.
Comparison
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The domain of comparison in general, and the term “comparative construction” in particular, refer to a number of different conceptual and linguistic forms. The main kinds of comparative notions that are commonly distinguished are listed in table 6-1. One may wonder whether (a) is an instance of a comparative construction at all, since it never receives any formal marking in the languages of the world (Ultan 1972:121). Like (f) and (g), (a) does not specify the standard of comparison. Types (b), (c), and (d), on the other hand, have a formal expression of comparison. Type is somewhat complicated. It is formally implicit, yet it implies more than two compared items; one major characteristic of superlatives is precisely that they entail comparisons between at least three different comparees or items compared (cf. Andersen 1983:100).
“Doin for Somebody”:Orders and Imperatives
Authors: Puckett Anita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Orders,” however, are not the only requesting discourse used in constructing “doin-for” communicative practices. All forms in the requesting discourse repertoire can enter into the ongoing daily “doin for” patterns as well. Spoken primarily among close “belongin’’ network members, these “doin for’’ discourse practices provide the linguistic-economic means for extending “claims’’ relations across gender categories and for creating or maintaining laborial, distributive, or consumptive activities among the full range of Ash Creek residents. Maintenance of these relations allows residents the linguistic privilege of using “orders’’ and reproduces a critical domain of the Ash Creek linguistic-economic system.
Basic Principles of Drug Design I-Drug Molecules: Structure and Properties
Authors: Weaver Thomas Nogrady Donald F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most drugs are molecules, but most molecules are not drugs. Every year, millions of new molecules are prepared, but only a very small fraction of these are ever considered as possible drug candidates. A chemical compound must possess certain characteristics if it is to cross the hurdle from being an organic molecule to becoming a drug molecule. Medicinal chemistry is the applied science that is focused on the design (or discovery) of new chemical entities (NCEs) and their optimization and development as useful drug molecules for the treatment of disease processes. In achieving this mandate, the medicinal chemist must design and synthesize new molecules, ascertain how they interact with biological macromolecules (such as proteins or nucleic acids), elucidate the relationship between their structure and biological activities, determine their absorption and distribution throughout the body, and evaluate their metabolic transformations. Not surprisingly, medicinal chemistry is multidisciplinary, drawing on theoretical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, and biochemistry. Despite these complexities, medicinal chemistry has a clear “bottom line”— the design and discovery of drug molecules.
Messenger Targets for Drug Action I Neurotransmitters and their receptors
Authors: Weaver Thomas Nogrady Donald F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with endogenous messenger molecules (neurotransmitters) within the human central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS), their targets, and the drugs that affect them. Since most of these messengers act on nerve cells (neurons), it is appropriate to review the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and to discuss briefly the neuronal networks that can be manipulated therapeutically. Since the nervous system also influences homeostasis throughout the entire body, neurotransmitters are ideal messengers to target when designing drugs within a rational biochemical conceptual framework.
How American Is the American Corporation?
Authors: Vernon Raymond 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Robert Reich’s 1990 article-provocatively entitled “Who Is Us?”-has helped to revive a question almost as old as the corporation itself: To whom does the corporation owe its fealty? The question is particularly provocative in the United States in the final decade of the twentieth century because almost every major corporation headquartered in the country presides over a network of related enterprises that reaches over many countries. How are we to take into account the existence of these international networks as we address the question “Who Is Us?”
The Basic Vertebrate Plan
Authors: Swanson Larry W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every now and then science generates an idea that is widely viewed as profane or seditious—a view of the relationship between humans and the rest of the universe that subverts time-honored cultural traditions and yet in the long run is supported by the facts. The first great intellectual revolution along these lines, which has finally been won, was started in 1543 by the Polish astronomer and physician, Nicolaus Copernicus. In his book, De Revolutionibus, which was published the year that he died, a fundamental conclusion was that humans do not occupy a place at the center of the universe, as Aristotle and the Bible stated or at least seemed to indicate, respectively. Instead, we merely reside on a planet that circles around the sun. The latest revolution, which began in 1859 and is still being debated in the public’s mind, was sparked by Charles Darwin’s book on The Origin of Species. As we know, the immortal English naturalist had the courage to argue with dignity and force that humans are not the products of special creation but, instead, are the products of “chance” evolution from “lower” animals over an unimaginably long period of time.
Indonesian(‘s) Development: On the State of a Language of State
Authors: Errington Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prior to the end of the Cold War, development theory and practice in the Third World had already come under considerable critical scrutiny, and since the demise of the Soviet Union it has become more difficult than ever to “[t]alk about development ... with the same confidence and encompassing scope with which intellectuals and activists spoke ... in our most recent past” (Escobar 1992:20). Emergent, bloody ethnonationalisms have thrown into sharp question Development’s presuppositions, goals, and overall fit with emerging political and cultural dynamics of new nation-states. As a subfield in or object of development, languages came to the fore at the peak of the development era in a theoretical and policy-oriented literature represented most influentially, perhaps, by the 1968 collection Language Problems of Developing Nations (Fishman et al.). “Language development” may then have seemed to non specialists a bit marginal in comparison with “core” problems of technological, political, and economic modernization. Now, that situation seems reversed. Language-linked identities have come to the fore in diverse struggles for ethnic autonomy, as images of “pure” forms of native languages figure in nativist narratives of primordial ethnic origins. Resurgent concerns for “national character’’ bespeak fears of what Herder called “state-machines ... wholly devoid of inner life” with “no sentiment, no sympathy of any kind linking [their] component parts” (quoted in Barnard 1965:59).
A Federal Life : Brown and the Nationalization of the Life Story
Authors: Greenhouse Carolj. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lives do not make their own stories. How people’s lives are wrestled into particular narrative forms is always a complex question of genres, genders, and, especially in the present case, generations. In this essay, I suggest that one element of the cultural impact of Brown was the definition of an iconic life story for a particular generation of African Americans. My focus is on the ways federal powers lent their “signs” to public narratives of personal life. I should stress that this essay frames a question-not an ethnographic argument as such.
Metacomplaints: Conflict, Resistance, And Metacommunication
Authors: Wilce James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Months after falling from the rafters above her single-room house, Yasmin came to Ali, the Ayurvedic kabir{ij. About five minutes into the consultation, Yasmin turned to a new facet of her trouble, asserting, “I hadn’t told you that; I haven’t told the half of it!” A bit later as Yasmin began lo express despair, Ali cut her off. Before she could finish saying, “My life is beginning to come undone,” he stepped in to ask, “Then your appetite and thirst are weak?” One finds in Bangladeshi medical encounters a pattern in which the right to tell one’s own troubles is contested and accommodation between patients and their interlocutors is tenuous. The transcripts analyzed in this chapter illustrate Briggs’s claim that “discourse is not simply talk about conflict and accommodation-it embodies them” ( 1992: 356). Illness interactions reflect and construct relations between patients, kin, and practitioners in their sociocultural context. This chapter makes three specific and interrelated points. First, illness interactions in the rural Matlab area of Bangladesh are often adversarial, as they can be in Western countries. Patients’ talk disturbs and moves others. It may point to conflict external to the medical situation as much as it points to symptoms. But medical encounters themselves always involve negotiation and often fail to resolve discord.
The Pragmatics Of Madness: Performance And Resistance
Authors: Wilce James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is my illness that I should take medicines? By calling me “mad” they prevent me from spcaking!“Latifa Sophocles said, “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.” 1 Could it be that kin and neighbors, at times, do something similar? The key task of this chapter is to show the link between a series of laments and the fact that the kin who heard them labeled the performer mad, thereby undermining her “footing.”2 There are few published transcripts of the speech of those understood to be mad in Third World countries, let alone accounts of local evaluations. To that end, along with the text of the lament as it was embedded in multiparty talk, I also describe here the response of a Bangladeshi academic seminar to my recordings and transcripts. While kin denied the artfulness of the lament, the seminar was happy to assign it a genre label and romanticize it as folklore. Although the performer’s kin exercised power brutally at times, it also works in subtler ways.
Leadership and Management
Authors: Ahlbrandt Roger S , Fruehan Richard J , Giarratani Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whether one examines the progress of USS or Nucor’s enormous achievements, it is impossible to escape the fact that dynamic leadership is required to shape the critical decisions that focus a firm’s resources and help it to gain competitive advantage in a market. Of course, even for the best leader, success requires a good deal of luck. It is entirely possible to make good decisions, given the available information, only to find that things go horribly wrong for reasons beyond the company’s control. Once critical decisions about the firm’s focus have been made, however, and an investment strategy is mapped out in order to serve that market, success often comes down to the effectiveness of management. This, too, cuts across Big Steel and the minimills. In this chapter, we look at the management side of the steel industry’s turnaround, and once again the lessons generalize well beyond steel firms.
High-Performing Workplaces
Authors: Ahlbrandt Roger S , Fruehan Richard J , Giarratani Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The culture of success that we have described cannot be fully understood or appreciated without learning more about the ways in which the technology of steelmaking and the people who make steel interact with one another to shape competitive advantage. The relationships involved are highly complex. Hence any attempt to isolate one factor among many as the “key” to success in the marketplace and high rates of profit would certainly be misplaced. In fact, it is precisely in the interactions among elements of competitiveness that one must look for insight on American steel’s rebirth.
Introduction
Authors: Shlonsky Ur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Principles and Parameters model of Generative Grammar (Chomsky 1981, 1982, 1986a, 1986b, 1991, 1993) provides both a highly articulate model of Universal Grammar (UG) and a relatively explicit theory of language variation. Research within this framework strives to discover and isolate nontrivial linguistic universals, such as the rules comprising the subtheory of Binding, the Empty Category Principle (ECP), the principles of quantification, and so forth.1 At the same time, it seeks to spell out the extent, and hence the limits, of possible cross-linguistic variation. Within this framework, a study of a particular grammatical system or of several systems can serve to enhance our understanding of the underlying principles of UG as well as of the range of parametric variation which, when taken together, constitute a particular grammar-for example, my Hebrew, your English, her French.2
The Active Participle and the Syntax of the Present Tense
Authors: Shlonsky Ur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the main purposes of this book is to explore the syntactic representation of sentences in the present tense. The verbal form used to express present tense, the Benoni, is a curious one: It serves the functions of both a present participle (active and passive, respectively (2-la,c)) and a tensed verb, as in (2-l b,d).
Arabic Negation and Arabic Clause Structure
Authors: Shlonsky Ur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of Hebrew negation and the consequences that it entails for the structure of the Hebrew clause can serve as a set of coordinates to guide us through similar issues in typologically related languages. Therefore, I now proceed to discuss some related issues in the syntax of Standard Arabic. Through the lens of Hebrew negation, we have been able to gain insight into some of the characteristic features of Hebrew syntax. We employ the same strategy with respect to Arabic. I first consider negation with the particle laa, using the syntax of negative clauses to pose and answer some questions regarding word order and the hierarchy of functional projections. I then discuss negation by means of the particles laysa and maa. Drawing together our analysis of Hebrew and Arabic, I conclude this chapter by providing an analytic typology of negative particles.
The Clinical Approach to Genetic Abnormalities of Gonadal and Sexual Development
Authors: Pinsky Leonard , Erickson Robert P , Schimke R Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The assessment of genital ambiguity in the newborn is a psychosocial emergency (Grumbach and Conte, 1992). Appropriate gender assignment is critical because all surgical, hormonal, and psychological therapy must be in concert and appropriate for the decision, and early and usually repeated reinforcement of the decision will be required. The ultimate goal is a sexually functional and, if possible, fertile individual.