bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonically induced travertine deposition in the Middle Miocene Levač intramountain basin (Central Serbia)
Authors: Andrić‐Tomašević Nevena , Simić Vladimir , Životić Dragana , Nikolić Nenad , Pavlović Aleksandra , Kluge Tobias , Beranoaguirre Aratz , Smit Jeroen , Bechtel Achim 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTTravertines are terrestrial carbonates that are commonly associated with fault activity in extensional and transtensional basins. The faults serve as conduits for the rising and mixing of carbonate‐enriched fluids with thermal and meteoric CO2 inputs promoting travertine precipitation at the surface. Therefore, travertine successions provide key constraint on the faulting, depositional environments, fluid flow and climate. This work focuses on the travertine succession in the Miocene Levač Basin, the marginal basin of the Morava Corridor situated at the junction of the Dinarides and the southernmost Carpathians. Detailed sedimentological, geochronological (U–Pb age, laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry) and structural analyses of the travertines are used to reconstruct the evolution of the feeding geoothermal system. Furthermore, these data were used to understand the controlling factors governing alternation of fluid flows enriched in thermally generated and meteoric CO2, and precipitation of travertines in Levač Basin, and finally to elucidate the late stage of basin evolution. Four facies associations are distinguished within the succession, i.e. travertine slope, ridge, flat, and travertine flat under the fluvial influence. The results demonstrated that travertine deposition was controlled by north‐west/south‐west and north‐east/south‐east normal fault arrays. Stable isotope data show positive δ13C values (with δ18O being negative) shifting to negative in the distal and stratigraphically younger deposits implying dilution of deep hydrothermal fluids by mixing with meteoric waters. Finally, travertine deposits yielded a new U–Pb age of ca 14 Ma indicating that the Middle Miocene extensional phase known from other intermountain basins in the Dinarides reached as far east as the Levač Basin and Morava Corridor.
Institutional interactions and racial inequality in policing: How everyday encounters bridge individuals, organizations, and institutions
Authors: Camp Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRacial disparities in policing are profound and accompanied by equally persistent gaps in trust. Analyses of these and other racial inequities are often bifurcated between institutional and individual levels of analysis. Here, I describe how everyday contacts between the public and doctors, teachers, or police officers—institutional interactions—can bridge these levels. Organizations direct and coordinate these agents' individual discretion; at the same time, individual agents relate to the public in ways institutions themselves cannot. The dual nature of these encounters links individual and dyadic processes to organizational and institutional ones. Using police stops as a paradigmatic example, I illustrate how institutional interactions contribute to racial gaps in police‐community trust, how they can be used as a platform for changing the relationship between law enforcement and the public, and how they can inform research on racial inequality in a range of institutional contexts, including health and education.
Research Work on Malleable Iron
Authors: Touceda Enrique 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The author presents an account of four years of research work undertaken for the American Malleable Castings Association as a plea for industrial research among manufacturers and as a striking example of what such research can accomplish. He sketches the organization and purpose of the Association and shows how the quality of the product of its members has steadily increased since the beginning of the research work. Malleable-iron castings, due to lack of uniformity and dependability, were rapidly being replaced by other materials. There were many fallacious ideas and theories regarding the physical properties of such castings and the methods of annealing them. Records of tests of 1-in. bars from seven different concerns made by the author in 1911 showed that the average ultimate strength was 39,882 lb. and the elongation under 5 per cent. A report dated March, 1919, to the members of the Association, each of whom regularly submits test bars from some one heat of each day’s runs, showed that 44 per cent of the test bars submitted during that month had an ultimate strength over 52,000 lb. and an elongation of 14.67 per cent, indicating the progress made since research work was undertaken.
It is further stated that the average of test bars of the Association from January 1, 1917, to March 31, 1919, has shown an ultimate strength of 51,000 lb. and an elongation 12.5 per cent. The records of tests show, contrary to generally accepted theory, that the elongation increases with the ultimate strength. The purpose of the Association, however, is not to increase ultimate strength and elongation but to increase the uniformity of a product upon which the engineer can rely, and this is being accomplished through exhaustive research and advice to members through the consulting engineer of the Association.
A description is given of the process of manufacturing malleable iron, of the air furnace, and of the annealing ovens and the annealing process. The structures of iron containing free carbon and iron containing combined carbon are shown by micrographs and the metallurgy of cast iron is carefully explained with abundant micrographs of typical structures.
The effects of the time element in cooling through the critical temperature, of successive anneals, of varying percentages of carbon, sulphur, silicon, phosphorus and manganese and of subsequent heating to high temperatures are clearly described and illustrated. Picture-frame fractures are also discussed.
The Status of Industrial Relations
Authors: Alford L. P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At the Annual Meeting of the Society of 1912, a report was presented by the Sub-Committee on Administration, of which the late James M. Dodge was Chairman, and L. P. Alford, Secretary, on The Present State of the Art of Industrial Management. This report was replete with information upon the broad aspect of the management problem as it then existed in the industries of the country.
During the seven years which have intervened since the preparation of this report, the question has been studied from many different angles and has come to be viewed in quite a different light from that in which it was regarded when the original report was prepared. In consequence, the Committee on Meetings and Program appointed Mr. Alford a committee of one to prepare the following new report upon the subject for presentation at the Session on Industrial Relations at the Detroit meeting.
This report not only comprises a review of the new aspects of the problem which have recently developed, but also a historical summary of the progressive stages in the development of industrial relations since the period immediately following the Civil War. It has proved to be inevitable that after any great economic disturbance like that produced by the Civil War, or the present period of unrest following the world conflict in Europe, there should be unrest and uncertainty in the field of labor and employment; and it thus seems appropriate at this time to outline briefly the most important transitions which have occurred in this field, beginning with the time of the Civil War and including the situation which now exists, so similar in character, but greatly amplified.
An Electrical Device for Measuring the Flow of Fluids in Pipes
Authors: Spitzglass Jacob M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with the theory and experimental development of an electrical device in which an ammeter and watt-hour meter are utilized in measuring the flow of fluids in pipes. The electric current which is used is regulated by the differential pressure of the fluid passing through the pipe.
The principle of the device involves a combination of the physical laws governing the flow of fluids in pipes and the flow of an electric current. The units of flow measurement are represented by general equations covering the relation between the velocity of the fluid in the pipe and the differential column obtained by the device. For the units of the electrical measurement, in the standard adopted the maximum capacity of flow is represented by a current of 1 ampere at a constant pressure of 40 volts.
The diagrammatic relation of the units involved in the electric measurement of the flow is shown by two curves; one in the form of a parabola representing the relation of differential head to the current — the other in the form of a hyperbola representing the relation between the current and the corresponding resistance in the circuit.
A summary is given of the experimental work in preparing a resistance which would vary according to the relation established, and which would operate under the usual conditions of flow. Particulars are given of the early experimental devices and of the improvements made until a satisfactory model was obtained, and the method of testing is discussed and a typical run described in detail.
In conclusion, a number of instances are cited where the instrument described has made possible the adoption of central measuring stations in large manufacturing plants, resulting in improved economy of operation.
Elements of a General Theory of Airplane-Wing Design
Authors: Durfee Walter C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents in brief outline form ten subjects which have reference to the theory of fluid motion around the wings of airplanes. These are: the vortex theory of lift; the theory of initial motion around wings; vortex theory of shape; hydrodynamic-electromagnetic analogy; action of vortices with reference to each other; action on vortices with reference to their images; influence of the local wind; laws of energy content in trailing vortex; friction and head resistance; and explosion of eddies. These various subjects are not discussed but are merely brought forward for the purpose of providing a starting point for discussion.
Mechanical Lifts, Past and Present, and a New Method for Their Balancing
Authors: Robbins J. F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper the author first describes at some length the various types of mechanical and hydraulic lifts that have been developed for use in canal locks. He then gives particulars regarding a new type of lift in which the points of support of two counterbalancing loads are so interconnected that the movements of the supporting elements of the structure are synchronized and it is made impossible for the supports to get out of level. The advantage of this scheme and its adaptation to freight-car lifts, lifts for launching and dry-docking and lift bridges, as well as to canal-lock lifts, are also brought out.
Slow-Speed and Other Tests of Kingsbury Thrust Bearings
Authors: Howarth H. A. S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents operating and experimental data which show the wide range of application of Kingsbury thrust bearings, and the author gives particulars of typical installations which have been in successful operation since 1911. Wide application of these bearings has been made to vertical and horizontal hydroelectric units, horizontal steam turbines, centrifugal pumps, and ship-propelling shafts. To determine some of the service conditions a series of slow-speed tests was recently made on a bearing carrying a load of 10,000 lb. The area of the supporting thrust-bearing segments was varied from 71.5 sq. in. to 10 sq. in. in order to test unit pressures ranging from 140 lb. to 1000 lb. per sq. in. The speed was varied from 0.1 r.p.m. to 16 r.p.m., long runs being made at the lowest speeds.
Turbo-Compressor Calculations
Authors: Blaisdell Allen H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
After pointing out the features which differentiate the turbo-compressor from the multi-stage centrifugal pump, the author takes up the study of the pressure and volume changes occurring while a fluid is passing through one stage of the former and states the fundamental energy equations involved. He then discusses the number of stages to be used in a given case and follows this with an explanation of the method of laying out a compression diagram and of subdividing it according to the number of stages to be provided for.
The function of the impeller is next discussed and in this connection expressions are derived for the actual and effective impeller radii and the axial depth of channel of any radius. Blades and blade angles are also considered and a graphical method is described for calculating the theoretical head to be developed by an impeller.
The paper concludes with a brief study of the working of free-vortex and guide-vane diffusers, and of matters to be taken into account in designing in order to obtain a turbo-compressor of the highest possible overall efficiency.
Kerosene as a Fuel for High-Speed Engines
Authors: Seaton Laurence F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although considerable work has been done toward the use of kerosene as a fuel for internal-combustion engines, there still exists a controversy regarding the correct design of a vaporizing system. There has also been very little work done toward determining the distribution of the heat evolved by the fuel. To study these problems the author accordingly made a series of tests on a high-speed heavy-duty type of engine, using kerosene as a fuel. These tests form the basis of the paper, and the apparatus used and the manner of conducting the tests are discussed in detail. The author concludes his paper by pointing out that in his opinion a kerosene motor would be successful if designed so that the piston displacement were higher than is commonly used; if the intake passages were larger and shorter; and if the incoming gas were heated to a temperature considerably above that of the boiling point of kerosene.
Motor-Transport Vehicles for the United States Army
Authors: Younger John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While the title of this paper might indicate that the mechanical features of the various types of motor-transport vehicles would be discussed, such is not the case, for to do so, as the writer points out, would merely be to recapitulate catalog specifications. The paper accordingly contains a discussion of the types of vehicle best adapted to various military needs. Motor-transport vehicles have been classified by the Army under ten broad heads, ranging from the motorcycle to the 5-ton truck, and such a classification has been found to be a most satisfactory one. The ultimate ideal is of course to standardize a single type of vehicle for each class, and with that point in view the writer discusses the various vehicles used. Numerous photographs are presented as illustrative of the American design and construction, and tables giving data on the various types used during the war are also included.
An Investigation of Strains in the Rolling of Metal
Authors: Musso Alfred 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In every manufacturing process, while raw stock is being transformed into a finished article, a certain amount of material is incidentally wasted, and the minimizing of such a waste constitutes one of the most important problems to be solved by the operating engineer. Rolling-mill operations are no exception to the general rule and the problem may be specifically set forth as follows:
What is the most convenient length and width of the piece of metal to be rolled, in order to produce a finished article of certain definite dimensions, so that the waste of material may be reduced to a minimum?
A complete answer to this complex question depends on data of various natures resulting from actual investigation. We may, however, group these data in two classes: To the first class belong all data of a general character obtained through mechanical investigation; and to the second, data obtained through investigation of the special condition under which the manufacturing takes place. The scope of this article is the exposition of some fundamental principles leading to data of the first class.
Substrate Thickness Optimization in Multi-Material Single Lap Adhesive Joints
Authors: Kundurthi Saratchandra , Haq Mahmoodul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adhesive bonding of dissimilar materials introduces stress concentrations due to stiffness mismatch between the substrates, thereby exacerbating the peel and shear stresses leading to premature failures in single lap configurations. This work demonstrates that the stress distribution can be improved by decreasing the thickness of the stiffer substrate, and presents a structured approach to find the optimum thickness to improve overall joint performance. First, the critical stress components and critical locations in the single lap joint were identified for each mode of failure. Then, a minimax-type optimization framework was developed using severity-weighted parameters for each critical stress component. Optimal thickness obtained from the proposed framework agreed with FEA-based parametric studies within 10% variation. Overall, this approach can generate design charts and aid in efficient designs for multi-material joining.
Performance Analysis of High-Efficiency Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Using Recompression
Authors: Bui Tuananh , Lee Young Duk , Kim Young Sang , Kang Do Won , Ahn Kook Young , Lee Sangmin , Chang Sung Ho , Kim Min Kuk 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
System simulation, parametric analysis, and exergy analysis were performed to identify the advantages and drawbacks of recompression in the direct-fired supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycle. In a parametric investigation, the recompression ratio, turbine inlet temperature (TIT), and pressure ratio were changed, and the obtained values for the efficiency of the power cycle were compared. The TIT was varied between 600 °C and 1600 °C, revealing that recompression is highly effective for lower TIT values but is less effected at higher TIT values. For TITs above 1400 °C, the recompression cycle obtains almost no increase in efficiency. Different optimal recompression ratios were obtained for the different pressure ratios between the high- and low-pressure sides. Exergy analysis reveals that exergy destruction occurs primarily in the oxy-fuel combustor due to a chemical reaction and mixing of the high recirculation fluid. Higher TIT decreases the exergy destruction of the oxy-fuel combustor, but increases the exergy destruction in the lower temperature recuperator, and is not always favorable for obtaining efficiency improvements.
Vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus faecium
in Japan, 2007–2015: a molecular epidemiology analysis focused on examining strain characteristics over time
Authors: Tokano Mieko , Tarumoto Norihito , Sakai Jun , Imai Kazuo , Kodana Masahiro , Kawamura Toru , Maeda Takuya , Maesaki Shigefumi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections. In Japan, the estimated isolation rate of VRE is approximately 0.2%; however, sporadic outbreaks continue to occur in healthcare facilities. Despite sporadic cases of VRE at our hospital since the 2007 outbreak, it is unclear whether the same strains from 2007 were still prevalent. Therefore, we performed whole-genome sequencing of stored VRE strains at our hospital and assessed their potential utility as an alternative to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for infection control. In contrast to previous studies, our analysis focused on examining strain characteristics over time. The results of taxonomic characterization using average nucleotide identity (ANI) values and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed good agreement with the PFGE analysis, indicating that ANI values and MLST were viable potential alternatives to PFGE. Notably, many of the strains isolated in 2010 belonged to ST1421. The first reported VRE outbreak in Japan, caused by
pstS
-null VRE ST1421, occurred in Aomori in 2018. However, the present study demonstrated, for the first time, that the ST1421 strain existed in Japan as early as 2010. In the time series analysis, the observed PFGE pattern did not correlate with the time of strain isolation, particularly for isolates collected after 2012. We also observed cases where isolates sharing the same Tn1546 variant were found on distinct clonal backgrounds. While ANI and MLST may serve as suitable alternatives to PFGE for short-term outbreak evaluations, a plasmid analysis may prove useful for long-term assessments.

IMPORTANCE
Our study emphasizes the efficacy of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in addressing outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. WGS enables the identification and tracking of resistant bacterial strains, early detection and management of novel infectious disease outbreaks, and the appropriate selection and use of antibiotics. Furthermore, our approach deepens our understanding of how resistant bacteria transfer genes and adapt to their environments or hosts. For modern medicine, these insights have significant implications for controlling infections and effectively managing antibiotic use in the current era, where antibiotic resistance is progressing.
Supplemental Material: An Eoarchean continental nucleus for the Fennoscandian Shield and a link to the North Atlantic craton
Authors: Petersson Andreas , al. et 
Published: December 2023

<p>S1: Extended method and results section, as well as references to compiled data; S2: Zircon images (BSE, and optical); S3: Zircon U-Pb isotope data; S4: O isotope data for detrital zircon; S5: O isotope data for igneous zircon; S6: Hf isotope data for detrital zircon; and S7: Hf isotope data for igneous zircon. </p>
A Study of Deformation and Fracture of the Eutectic in an Additively Manufactured Al-Si Composite Alloy
Authors: Zemlyanov A. V. , Gatiyatullina D. D. , Utyaganova V. R. , Dymnich E. , Shamarin N. N. , Nikonov S. Yu. , Romanova V. A. , Kulkov A. S. , Balokhonov R. R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Experimental and numerical studies were conducted on AlSi12 alloy fabricated by wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing to examine the structure, thermomechanical behavior and fracture of a eutectic microvolume at the scale of several microns. Dynamic boundary value problems were solved under plane strain conditions. The composite structure of the eutectic phase consisting of an aluminum matrix and silicon particles was taken into account explicitly in the calculations. Isotropic models of the thermoelastoplastic matrix and elastic-brittle particles were implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit. Composite deformation was calculated both with and without allowance for residual stresses caused by cooling of the composite after its fabrication. It was shown that after the cooling of the eutectic, silicon particles are compressed, and the aluminum matrix is under both bulk compressive and tensile as well as under pure shear stresses. It was found that residual stresses play a negative role at the stages of intense deformation of the composite. The fracture strain of the eutectic strongly depends on the yield point of the matrix, while the ultimate fracture stress varies but only slightly. Favorable morphology of silicon particles was determined which prevents early fracture of the eutectic.