bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep inspiration breath hold real-time tumor-tracking radiation therapy (DBRT) as a novel stereotactic body radiation therapy approach for lung tumors
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu , Ono Taiki , Ueda Kazushi , Karita Masako , Manabe Yuki , Kajima Miki , Sera Tatsuhiro , Fujimoto Koya , Yuasa Yuki , Shiinoki Takehiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy with deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) reduces doses to the lungs and organs at risk. The stability of breath holding and reproducibility of tumor location are higher during expiration than during inspiration; therefore, we developed an irradiation method combining DIBH and real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy (RTRT) (DBRT). Nine patients were enrolled in this study. Fiducial markers were placed near tumors using bronchoscopy. Treatment planning computed tomography (CT) was performed thrice during DIBH, assisted by spirometer-based device. Each CT scan was fused using fiducial markers. Gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured for each dataset and summed to create GTVsum; adding a 5-mm margin around GTVsum generated the planning target volume. The prescribed dose was mainly 42 Gy in four fractions. The treatment plan was created using DIBH CT (DBRT-plan), with a similar treatment plan created for expiratory CT for cases for which DBRT could not be performed (conv-plan). Vx defined as the volume of the lung received x Gy, and the mean lung dose, V20, V10, and V5 were evaluated. DBRT was completed in all patients. Mean dose, V20, and V10 were significantly lower in the DBRT-plan than in the conv-plan (all p = 0.003). Mean rates of decrease for mean dose, V20, and V10 were 14.0%, 27.6%, and 19.1%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in V5. We developed DBRT, a stereotactic body radiation therapy performed with the DIBH technique; it combines a spirometer-based breath-hold support system with an RTRT system. All patients who underwent DBRT completed the procedure without any technical or mechanical complications. This is a promising methodology that may significantly reduce lung doses.
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices are related to electrophysiological dysfunction in degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Akimoto Hironobu , Suzuki Hidenori , Kan Shigeyuki , Funaba Masahiro , Nishida Norihiro , Fujimoto Kazuhiro , Ikeda Hiroaki , Yonezawa Teppei , Ikushima Kojiro , Shimizu Yoichiro , Matsubara Toshio , Harada Kenichiro , Nakagawa Shin , Sakai Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe age-related degenerative pathologies of the cervical spinal column that comprise degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) cause myelopathy due spinal cord compression. Functional neurological assessment of DCM can potentially reveal the severity and pathological mechanism of DCM. However, functional assessment by conventional MRI remains difficult. This study used resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to investigate the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) strength and neurophysiological indices and examined the feasibility of functional assessment by FC for DCM. Preoperatively, 34 patients with DCM underwent rs-fMRI scans. Preoperative central motor conduction time (CMCT) reflecting motor functional disability and intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) reflecting sensory functional disability were recorded as electrophysiological indices of severity of the cervical spinal cord impairment. We performed seed-to-voxel FC analysis and correlation analyses between FC strength and the two electrophysiological indices. We found that FC strength between the primary motor cortex and the precuneus correlated significantly positively with CMCT, and that between the lateral part of the sensorimotor cortex and the lateral occipital cortex also showed a significantly positive correlation with SEP amplitudes. These results suggest that we can evaluate neurological and electrophysiological severity in patients with DCM by analyzing FC strengths between certain brain regions.
RNA structure promotes liquid-to-solid phase transition of short RNAs in neuronal dysfunction
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn nucleotide expansion disorders, RNA foci are reportedly associated with neurodegenerative disease pathogeneses. Characteristically, these RNAs exhibit long poly-RNA repeats, such as 47 × CAG, 47 × CUG, or 29 × GGGGCC, usually becoming abnormal pathological aggregations above a critical number of nucleotide repeats. However, it remains unclear whether short, predominantly cellular RNA molecules can cause phase transitions to induce RNA foci. Herein, we demonstrated that short RNAs even with only two repeats can aggregate into a solid-like state via special RNA G-quadruplex structures. In human cells, these solid RNA foci could not dissolve even when using agents that disrupt RNA gelation. The aggregation of shorter RNAs can be clearly observed in vivo. Furthermore, we found that RNA foci induce colocalization of the RNA-binding protein Sam68, a protein commonly found in patients with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, suppressing cell clonogenicity and eventually causing cell death. Our results suggest that short RNA gelation promoted by specific RNA structures contribute to the neurological diseases, which disturb functional cellular processes.
Steeped
Authors: Francl Michelle 
Published: January 2024

Tea is the world’s most popular beverage. Dive into a cup of tea with a chemist and discover the rich molecular brew that can be extracted from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Tea contains over a hundred different chemical compounds which contribute to its colour, taste and scent – and its stimulating effects. The best-known is caffeine, but how does caffeine end up in tea and how can you get it out?
Beginning with the leaves, Steeped explores the chemistry behind different styles of tea, from green teas to pu-erh. It tackles the age-old question of when, or even whether, to add milk. And it puts the chemistry to use with advice on how to brew a better cup.
Application of multibranch linear–linear basis function for multiscale dielectric targets simulation
Authors: Wang Yu , Zou Yu‐jia , Dang Xiaojie , Zhu Ming‐da , Zhao Xun‐wang , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere, the multibranch linear–linear basis function (MB‐LL) is applied to the Poggio–Miller–Chang–Harrington–Wu–Tsai equation for calculating the scattering problem of multi‐scale dielectric targets. The MB‐LL basis function replaces the positive and negative triangles of the traditional linear–linear basis function (LL) with multiple branches, so it can be used at the junction of the meshes of different size. By using the MB‐LL basis function, we can easily divide the calculation region into several non‐overlapping regions, which is very suitable for the simulation of multiscale targets. At the same time, the MB‐LL basis function inherits the properties of the LL basis function, which is more accurate than the multibranch Rao–Wilton–Glisson (MB‐RWG) basis function. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Short‐range SAR imaging with a fast adaptive plug‐and‐play ADMM‐based approach
Authors: Pham The Hien , Hong Ic Pyo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents a method for short‐range synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging employing a fast adaptive plug‐and‐play framework based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed approach capitalizes on the advanced ADMM‐based image‐solving model to enhance the efficiency of SAR image reconstruction. By integrating adaptive parameter tuning with a plug‐and‐play strategy, the algorithm dynamically adjusts regularization parameters, resulting in enhanced convergence and superior image quality. The methodology exploits the inherent flexibility and speed of the ADMM algorithm, offering a computationally efficient solution tailored for short‐range SAR imaging applications. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving high‐quality SAR reconstructions while accommodating variations in scene complexity and noise levels.
Eine gewaltige Stimme
Authors: Stark Dominik 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Nordrhein-Westfalen nehmen die Pflegefachpersonen ihre Zukunft selbst in die Hand. Nach Gründung der Pflegekammer NRW im Jahre 2022, startete die erste Legislaturperiode im vergangenen Jahr so richtig durch.
Retrosynthetic Simplicity
Authors: Levin Mark D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRetrosynthetic simplicity is introduced as a metric by which methods can be evaluated. An argument in favor of reactions which are retrosynthetically simple is put forward, and recent examples in the context of skeletal editing from my own laboratory as well as contributions from others are analyzed critically through this lens.1	Introduction2	Example 1: Quinoline to Quinazoline (One Product, Two Starting Materials)3	Example 2: Benzene to Pyridine (Two Products, One Starting ­Material)4	Caveats, Counterarguments, and Conclusions
Co-production of privately owned public space: Who, why, when, and how?
Authors: Lee Dahae , Scholten Nele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe term ‘co-production’ has been used in various fields, including planning, as collaborative forms of public goods and service delivery gain significance. Co-production has two sides—the ‘co’ side refers to actors and their motivations, while the ‘production’ side refers to phases and instruments. This paper examines privately owned public space/s (POPS) based on the two sides of co-production. Thereby, it addresses two research gaps. First, less has been written to date on the involvement of actors other than local authorities and developers. Second, little attention has been paid to the phase through which POPS are co-produced. The paper fills these research gaps by presenting the empirical work undertaken in HafenCity, Hamburg. It reveals a wide range of actors engaged in four different phases through various instruments. This paper also identifies challenges of co-production of POPS, and makes recommendations.
Existence and multiplicity results for parameter Kirchhoff double phase problem with Hardy–Sobolev exponents
Authors: Cheng Yu , Bai Zhanbing 
Published: January 2024

The solvability of a class of parameter Kirchhoff double phase Dirichlet problems with Hardy–Sobolev terms is considered. We focus on the existence of at least one solution, two solutions, three solutions, and infinitely many solutions to the problem, as the nonlinear terms satisfy different growth conditions, respectively. Our tools are mainly based on variational methods and critical point theory. In particular, in order to establish the relationship between singular terms and the norm of the Musielak–Orlicz–Sobolev space, we extend the Sobolev–Hardy inequality from W01,p to W01,H.
MOCVD-grown Ga2O3 thin films for polarization-sensitive infrared photonics
Authors: Dereshgi Sina Abedini , Lee Junhee , Ceneda Daniele , Larciprete Maria Cristina , Centini Marco , Razeghi Manijeh , Aydin Koray 
Published: January 2024

The phonon modes of materials contain critical information on the quality of the crystals. Phonon modes also offer a wide range of polarization-dependent resonances in infrared that can be tailored to applications that require large dielectric function contrast in different crystal directions. Here, we investigate the far-field characteristics of MOCVD-grown Ga2O3 thin films. With a combination of cross-polarization FTIR and AFM characterization techniques, we propose an easy and non-invasive route to distinguish κ and β phases of Ga2O3 and study the quality of these crystals. Using numerical methods and cross-polarization spectroscopy, the depolarization characteristics of β-Ga2O3 are examined and depolarization strength values as high as 0.495 and 0.76 are measured, respectively, for 400 and 800 nm-thick β-Ga2O3. The strong birefringence near optical phonon modes of an 800 nm β-Ga2O3 on a sapphire substrate is used to obtain several polarization states for the reflected light in the second atmospheric window 8–14 µm. We anticipate that our findings open a new path for material characterization and wave plate design for the mid-IR range and offer novel possibilities for the future of IR on-chip photonics, thanks to the compatibility of β-Ga2O3 with standard nanofabrication technology.
Vocabulary learning in Finnish early foreign language learning textbooks
Authors: Mäntylä Katja , Roiha Anssi , Dufva Hannele , Pakula Heini-Marja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vocabulary acquisition of young foreign language learners is an understudied topic. This study examines how early
foreign language textbooks in Finland present and practise vocabulary. Moreover, studying textbooks is essential as they guide
teachers’ actions and pupils’ perceptions of what is central in learning and how one should learn. We examined five different
textbooks used in Finland for early foreign language learning. The languages covered were English, French, German, Swedish and
Spanish. We analysed how the textbooks presented vocabulary using Thornbury’s (2002)
classification as a basis. In particular, we looked at how the books took into account pupils’ existing linguistic resources, how
they introduced and attempted to consolidate new vocabulary, what aspects of vocabulary knowledge were emphasised, what the role
of formulaic sequences was, and if there were differences between the textbooks of different languages. The results showed that
even though the textbooks had versatile exercises, there was a lack of progression and consolidating activities. Moreover, it
seems that the textbooks do not largely aim at learner agency or translanguaging for vocabulary learning. Therefore, the examined
textbooks for early foreign language learning in Finland are not fully in line with current understanding of vocabulary learning
and language learning in general.
Multiple repair solutions in response to open class repair initiators (OCRIs) in next turn
Authors: Thongphut Aonrumpa , Kaur Jagdish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The study examines repair practices of speakers following an open class repair initiator (OCRI) in next turn in
hospitality and tourism (HT) service encounters mediated through English as a lingua franca (ELF). The data comprise fifteen hours
of naturally occurring ELF service encounters recorded at three HT sites in Thailand. Using conversation analytic procedures, the
analysis reveals that speakers may offer multiple repair solutions following an OCRI, which appear oriented to a potential problem
of understanding rather than one of hearing. The participants combine repetition of the trouble-source turn with
comprehension-enhancing techniques such as lexical replacement, rephrasing of prior talk and explication of potentially
problematic words. As it is pertinent that messages are accurately relayed and received, speakers adopt a proactive stance and
combine repair practices to raise explicitness and improve communicative clarity. In ELF HT service encounters, the principle of
increased collaborative effort prevails and underlies communicative effectiveness.
Four errors students make with inverse-square law vectors
Authors: Wallace Colin S , Jones Liam , Lin Alex 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss four errors introductory physics students make when attempting to add two inverse-square law vectors. We observe multiple instances in which students (1) add vectors as if they were scalars, (2) project ther(orr2) in the denominator, instead of the entire vector, when attempting to find the vector’s components, (3) incorrectly apply the Pythagorean theorem when attempting to calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector, and (4) incorrectly relate the signs of the components of an electric field (or force) to the signs of the electric charges. While these are not the only errors students make, they are the most frequently occurring based on our analysis of 678 exams taken by students in either introductory mechanics or electricity and magnetism (E&M). We then show how these errors can be encoded into a new type of activity or assessment question which we call a ‘student error task.’ Introductory physics instructors can use the student error task in this paper as a way to engage or assess their students’ understandings of how to add two inverse-square law vectors.
Can the Dirac deltas in dipole fields be ignored in classical interactions?
Authors: Azevedo Thales 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When studying (or teaching) classical electromagnetism, one is bound to deal with the electric field of an ideal electric dipole, as well as its magnetic counterpart. A careful analysis then reveals that each of those fields must include, for consistency, a term proportional to a Dirac delta function localized at the position of the dipole. However, one is usually told not to worry about those terms since, as classical interactions always involve sources which are spatially separated, the Dirac-delta terms are only relevant for quantum mechanics, where they are directly related to important phenomena. In this work, we pose and solve a purely classical problem in electrostatics in which the Dirac-delta terms in the dipole fields are indispensable. It involves the computation of the interaction energy between a conductor with a spherical cavity and an (ideal) electric dipole located at the center of that cavity. We also solve its magnetic counterpart, replacing the conductor with a superconductor and the electric dipole with a magnetic one.
Tunable electronic properties and optoelectronic characteristics of MoGe2N4/SiC van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Hui , Liu Guogang , Yu Yang , Huang Lin , Xu Zhonghui , Xiao Xianbo , Chen Tong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The assembly of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure with easily regulated electronic properties provides a new way for the expansion of two-dimensional materials and promotes the development of optoelectronics, sensors, switching devices and other fields. In this work, a systematic investigation of the electronic properties of MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructures using density functional theory has been conducted, along with the modulation of electronic properties by vertical strain and the potential application prospects in optoelectronic devices. The results show that MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure has excellent dynamic and thermal stability and belongs to type-II band alignment semiconductors. This is extremely beneficial for the separation of photo-generating electron-hole pairs, so it has important significance for the development of photovoltaic materials. In addition, under the control of vertical strain, the semiconductor-metal transition occurs in the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure when the compressive strain reaches 6%. In the case of compressive strain less than 6% and tensile strain, the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure maintains the type-II band alignment semiconductor characteristics. Meanwhile, we find that the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure has optical absorption coefficients of up to 105 in the visible and ultraviolet light ranges, which can improve the absorption coefficients of the MoGe2N4 and SiC monolayer in some visible light regions. Finally, the optical conductivity of the MoGe2N4/SiC heterostructure exhibits significant anisotropy, with the armchair direction displaying higher conductivity within the orange light range. In conclusion, the formation of vdW heterostructure by vertically stacking MoGe2N4 and SiC monolayers can effectively improve their electronic and optical properties, which provides a valuable reference for the future development of electronic devices and photovoltaic materials.
Hierarchical fusion based high precision SLAM for solid-state lidar
Authors: Xu Hao , Yu Wentao , Zhang Qi , Yan Jiachen , Yuan He 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Solid-state LiDARs have become an important perceptual device for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) due to its low-cost and high-reliability compared to mechanical LiDARs. Nevertheless, existing solid-state LiDARs-based SLAM methods face challenges, including drift and mapping inconsistency, when operating in dynamic environments over extended periods and long distances. To this end, this paper proposes a robust, high-precision, real-time LiDAR-inertial SLAM method for solid-state LiDARs. At the front-end, the raw point cloud is segmented to filter dynamic points in preprocessing process. Subsequently, features are extracted using a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Mean Clustering to reduce redundant points and improve data processing efficiency. At the back-end, a hierarchical fusion method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the system by fusing the feature information to iteratively optimize the LiDAR frames, and then adaptively selecting the LiDAR keyframes to be fused with the IMU. The proposed method is extensively evaluated using a Livox Avia solid-state LiDAR collecting datasets on two different platforms. In experiments, the end-to-end error is reduced by 35% and the single-frame operational efficiency is improved by 12% compared to LiLi-OM.
Investigation of sound pressure leakage effect for primary calibration down to 10−2 Hz using a laser pistonphone system
Authors: Hirano Koto , Takahashi Hironobu , Yamada Keisuke , Nozato Hideaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, the demand for sensor calibration in the infrasonic range has increased to obtain accurate information when monitoring infrasound generated by large-scale natural disasters. The laser pistonphone method is a primary calibration method to evaluate infrasound sensors in the low-frequency range. In this method, sound pressure is generated in a fixed sealed volume of air, by a volume change via an attached piston movement. By measuring the piston displacement using laser interferometer, the generated sound pressure can be calculated by multiplying the velocity of volume change by acoustic transfer impedance of a pistonphone. The main concern with this method is that sound pressure leakage from a gap adjacent to piston significantly changes the acoustic transfer impedance at lower frequencies. To apply the laser pistonphone method in the low-frequency range down to 10−2 Hz, it is essential to accurately evaluate and compensate for the leakage effect, i.e. the gap’s acoustic transfer impedance. In this study, we propose a technique for experimentally evaluating the gap impedance. The main idea is to determine the total acoustic transfer impedance by dividing the sound pressure by the volume velocity and then deducing the gap impedance by subtracting the chamber impedance from the obtained total acoustic transfer impedance. A digital pressure sensor was used to precisely measure sound pressure below 100 Hz because pressure sensors are suitable for accurate measurement of pressure fluctuations at low frequencies. We validated the proposed approach by calibrating an analog pressure sensor that outputs an analog voltage proportional to the absolute pressure. As a result, the sensitivity calibrated by the laser pistonphone method at 0.02 Hz agreed with the static sensitivity provided by the manufacturer within 0.02 dB.