bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For Better or Worse: The Impact of Counterfactual Explanations’ Directionality on User Behavior in xAI
Authors: Kuhl Ulrike , Artelt André , Hammer Barbara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCounterfactual explanations (CFEs) are a popular approach in explainable artificial intelligence (xAI), highlighting changes to input data necessary for altering a model’s output. A CFE can either describe a scenario that is better than the factual state (upward CFE), or a scenario that is worse than the factual state (downward CFE). However, potential benefits and drawbacks of the directionality of CFEs for user behavior in xAI remain unclear. The current user study (N = 161) compares the impact of CFE directionality on behavior and experience of participants tasked to extract new knowledge from an automated system based on model predictions and CFEs. Results suggest that upward CFEs provide a significant performance advantage over other forms of counterfactual feedback. Moreover, the study highlights potential benefits of mixed CFEs improving user performance compared to downward CFEs or no explanations. In line with the performance results, users’ explicit knowledge of the system is statistically higher after receiving upward CFEs compared to downward comparisons. These findings imply that the alignment between explanation and task at hand, the so-called regulatory fit, may play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of model explanations, informing future research directions in (xAI). To ensure reproducible research, the entire code, underlying models and user data of this study is openly available: https://github.com/ukuhl/DirectionalAlienZoo
Bulk Behaviour of Ground States for Relativistic Schrödinger Operators with Compactly Supported Potentials
Authors: Ascione Giacomo , Lőrinczi József 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe propose a probabilistic representation of the ground states of massive and massless Schrödinger operators with a potential well in which the behaviour inside the well is described in terms of the moment-generating function of the first exit time from the well and the outside behaviour in terms of the Laplace transform of the first entrance time into the well. This allows an analysis of their behaviour at short to mid-range from the origin. In a first part, we derive precise estimates on these two functionals for stable and relativistic stable processes. Next, by combining scaling properties and heat kernel estimates, we derive explicit local rates of the ground states of the given family of non-local Schrödinger operators both inside and outside the well. We also show how this approach extends to fully supported decaying potentials. By an analysis close-by to the edge of the potential well, we furthermore show that the ground state changes regularity, which depends qualitatively on the fractional power of the non-local operator.
Hilfe, ich kann nicht rülpsen: Falldarstellung und Kurzübersicht zur retrograden krikopharyngealen Dysfunktion
Authors: Runggaldier Daniel , Colotto-Vith Ursula , Pohl Daniel , Bohlender Jörg E. 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Kurzübersicht wird das erstmalig 2019 durch den Laryngologen Dr. Bastian beschriebene Syndrom der retrograden krikopharyngealen Dysfunktion (R-CPD) anhand eines klassischen Falls vorgestellt. Die Diagnose erfolgt in der Regel klinisch durch die klassischen Symptome wie beispielsweise die Unfähigkeit, Luft aufzustoßen, abdominales Blähgefühl und retrosternale gurgelnde Geräusche. Des Weiteren werden neue Möglichkeiten der Diagnosesicherung mittels hochauflösender Ösophagusmanometrie und die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten mittels Injektion von Botulinumtoxin in den M. cricopharyngeus beschrieben sowie die dazu publizierten Daten diskutiert.
Vision-based approach to assess performance levels while eating
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ahmed , Fisher Robert B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe elderly population is increasing at a rapid rate, and the need for effectively supporting independent living has become crucial. Wearable sensors can be helpful, but these are intrusive as they require adherence by the elderly. Thus, a semi-anonymous (no image records) vision-based non-intrusive monitoring system might potentially be the answer. As everyone has to eat, we introduce a first investigation into how eating behavior might be used as an indicator of performance changes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive model of the eating behavior of individuals. This includes creating a visual representation of the different actions involved in the eating process, in the form of a state diagram, as well as measuring the level of performance or decay over time during eating. Also, in studies that involve humans, getting a generalized model across numerous human subjects is challenging, as indicative features that parametrize decay/performance changes vary significantly from person to person. We present a two-step approach to get a generalized model using distinctive micro-movements, i.e., (1) get the best features across all subjects (all features are extracted from 3D poses of subjects) and (2) use an uncertainty-aware regression model to tackle the problem. Moreover, we also present an extended version of EatSense, a dataset that explores eating behavior and quality of motion assessment while eating.
Greater self‐efficacy, psychological readiness and return to sport amongst paediatric patients compared with adolescents and young adults, 8 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Thorolfsson Baldur , Piussi Ramana , Snaebjornsson Thorkell , Karlsson Jon , Samuelsson Kristian , Beischer Susanne , Thomeé Roland , Hamrin Senorski Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in rehabilitation‐specific outcomes between paediatric patients, adolescents and young adults within the first 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. A further aim was to determine whether patient age was associated with an increased risk of not achieving symmetrical muscle function within the first 2 years after ACL reconstruction.MethodsThe patient data in the present study were extracted from the rehabilitation outcome registry, Project ACL. Patients aged 11–25 years registered for primary ACL reconstruction with a hamstring tendon autograft between April 1, 2013 and November 23, 2020 were included. A total of 691 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study; 41 paediatric patients (females 11–13, males 11–15 years), 347 adolescents (females 14–19, males 16–19 years) and 303 young adults (females 20–25, males 20–25 years).ResultsThe comparison between groups revealed that 70% of paediatric patients, 39% of adolescents and 35% of young adults had returned to knee‐strenuous sport at 8 months and that 90% of paediatric patients, 71% of adolescents and 62% of young adults had returned to sport at 12 months. Paediatric patients also reported higher scores compared with both the other patient groups on the Knee Self‐Efficacy Scale (K‐SES) and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL‐RSI) at 8 and 12 months.ConclusionsA larger proportion of paediatric patients had returned to sport compared with adolescents and young adults 8 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Paediatric patients also reported higher self‐efficacy and greater psychological readiness to return to sport at 8 and 12 months than the other two groups. No differences in terms of muscle function tests when comparing paediatric patients, adolescents and young adults were found.Level of evidenceII.
“Enhancing power system stability: an innovative approach using coordination of FOPID controller for PSS and SVC FACTS device with MFO algorithm”
Authors: Ibrahim Nader M. A. , El-said Ehab A. , Attia Hossam E. M. , Hemade Bassam A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates an optimal methodology for mitigating low-frequency oscillation concerns in power systems. The study explores the synergistic integration of a power system stabilizer (PSS) and a flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) to formulate an intelligent controller. A comprehensive analysis encompasses various PSS design strategies, including lead-lag (LL), proportional-derivative-integral (PID), and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers. The FACTS device selected for this investigation is a static VAR compensator (SVC), highlighting the exceptional efficacy of FOPID-based PSS over alternative strategies with a power oscillation damper. The study extends its scope to encompass a comparative assessment of two distinct optimization algorithms: the moth flame optimization (MFO) and the antlion optimization (ALO). The research is conducted using a single-machine infinite bus power system (SMIB) as the case study platform. A total of four diverse test scenarios are executed under varying operating conditions. The evaluation of the developed method employs six distinct performance indices to investigate the developed controller thoroughly. The outcomes reveal that the MFO-optimized FOPID-PSS and SVC controller outperforms other control schemes. This optimized configuration demonstrates substantial improvements across all performance indices. These findings underscore the superior capabilities of the proposed approach in enhancing power system stability and performance.
Preise in der Pathologie – eine Männerdomäne?
Authors: Malik Elisa , Halling Thorsten , Dreher Annegret , Marazia Chantal , Esposito Irene , Loerbroks Adrian , Hansson Nils 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Preise verhelfen ihren Empfänger*innen zu Ruhm, Anerkennung und erleichtern in der Folge durch erhöhte Sichtbarkeit anschließende Veröffentlichungen und die Akquise von Drittmitteln. Wir stellen die zu prüfende Hypothese auf, dass Frauen trotz zunehmender Vertretung in der Pathologie als Preisträgerinnen in der Fachgesellschaft unterrepräsentiert sind und folglich ein damit verbundenes Ungleichgewicht zwischen den Geschlechtern besteht.

Material und Methoden
Ausgewertet wurden veröffentlichte Daten der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie zu Preisträger*innen im Jahreszeitraum von 2000 bis 2022. Betrachtet wurden Preise, die dem Fachgebiet der Pathologie gewidmet sind. Zudem wurden die öffentlich verfügbaren Daten der Bundesärztekammer zu Geschlechter- und Altersverteilung von Pathologinnen und Pathologen in Deutschland als Referenzmaterial betrachtet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden insgesamt 6 verschiedene Preise in der Analyse berücksichtigt. Unter den 143 Preisträger*innen bei insgesamt 150 Einzelpreisvergaben im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2022 waren 55 der Preisträger*innen weiblich. Somit waren durchschnittlich 38,4 % der Preisträger*innen weiblich bei einem durchschnittlichen Pathologinnenanteil von 31 % in der deutschen Fachärzteschaft für Pathologie über den betrachteten Zeitraum von 23 Jahren. Dies bedeutet, dass die Preisträgerinnen in der Pathologie, wenn man die nationalen Statistiken zum Frauenanteil unter den Fachärzten in der Pathologie berücksichtigt, nicht unterrepräsentiert waren.
Betrachtet man allerdings die Verteilung von Preisträgerinnen in den einzelnen Preiskategorien bzw. Preisen, dann konnte beobachtet werden, dass Frauen vermehrt bei weniger prestigeträchtigen Forschungs- und Promotionspreisen vertreten waren, Männer hingegen einen großen Anteil der Preisträger*innen von Ehrenpreisen (0 % Frauenanteil) und prestigeträchtigen Preisen ausmachten (17 % Frauenanteil).
3-D-Skoliosekorrekturtraining im Fitnessstudio
Authors: Schröder Jan , Meyer Mathilda , Reer Rüdiger 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die physiotherapeutische skoliosespezifische Bewegungstherapie (PSSE) gilt als evident wirksam in der konservativen Progressionsprävention und Skoliosetherapie und auch sportlichem Training werden positive Wirkungen attestiert. Für Kinder und Jugendliche mit adoleszenter idiopathischer Skoliose (AIS) werden komplementäre Alternativtrainingsformen mit höherem Motivationscharakter vorgeschlagen; für Erwachsene (ADIS) besteht hier eine Erkenntnislücke.

Ziel
In dieser Machbarkeitsstudie soll explorativ evaluiert werden, ob eine trainingstherapeutische Adaption von 3‑D-Derotationsübungen im Fitnessstudio-Setting ebenfalls zu positiven skoliosespezifischen Effekten führen kann.

Methodik
In einer Einzelfallvergleichsstudie (ambulantes Schroth-Training vs. 3‑D-Derotation 1:1-Betreuung in Präsenz oder via Videocall) wurden Veränderungen der thorakalen axialen Rumpfrotation (ATR) und des videorasterstereographischen thorakalen Skoliosewinkels (VRS) nach 6‑wöchigen Interventionen für Erwachsene (ADIS, VRS-Skoliosewinkel 26–44°) ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Für das ambulante Schroth-Training wurde eine Verbesserung von 8° in der ATR und 6° im Skoliosewinkel beobachtet. Beim Fitnessstudio-3-D-Derotationstraining gab es Responder mit ähnlichen positiven Effekten im Skoliosewinkel (9°), aber auch Nonresponder (1°). Unbedeutend blieben ATR-Verbesserungen beim Fitnessstudio-3-D-Derotationstraining (1–2°).

Diskussion
In dieser vorläufigen Pilotstudie erwies sich die Fitnessstudio-3-D-Derotationstrainingsvariante als machbar, die Ergebnisse sind aber nicht verallgemeinerbar. Für die ATR konnte keine dem Schroth-Training vergleichbare Wirkung erzielt werden, beim Skoliosewinkel gab es Responder und Nonresponder. Weiterführende Kohortenstudien mit der Erfassung von Adhärenz und Compliance im Langzeitverlauf müssen folgen.

Graphic abstract
The influence of preoperative urodynamic parameters on clinical results in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Yang Jiyao , Song Hongde , Zhan Hui , Ding Mingxia , Luan Ting , Chen Jian , Wei Hairong , Wang Jiansong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the urodynamic parameters affecting the clinical outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP) surgery for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) by multifactor analysis and establish a regression model with diagnostic values.

Methods
The medical records of patients who underwent TURP surgery for BPH between December 2018 and September 2021 were collected from the urology department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. The patients’ clinical data and urodynamic parameters were collected before surgery. The urodynamic parameters affecting surgical efficacy were identified by multifactor analysis, and a regression model with diagnostic values was established and evaluated.

Results
A total of 201 patients underwent TURP, of whom 144 had complete preoperative urodynamic data. Each urodynamic factor was subjected to multifactor analysis, and the bladder contractility index (BCI), bladder outflow obstruction index (BOOI), bladder residual urine, and bladder compliance (BC) were found to be independent influence factors on the efficacy of TURP in patients with BPH. The diagnostic value of the regression model was analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, and it was found that the AUC = 0.939 (95% CI 0.886–0.972), for which the sensitivity and specificity were 95.19% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusions
The regression model had high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in predicting the efficacy of surgery, and the diagnostic value was higher than that of individual urodynamic factors. Therefore, BCI, BOOI, bladder residual urine, and BC should be considered as independent influence factors on the efficacy of TURP surgery for BPH.
Ionic, not the osmotic component, is responsible for the salinity-induced inhibition of greening in etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mv Béres) leaves: a comparative study
Authors: Sóti Adél , Ounoki Roumaissa , Kósa Annamária , Mysliwa-Kurdziel Beata , Sárvári Éva , Solymosi Katalin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMain conclusionGreening was partially (in 300 mM NaCl, CaCl2, 600 mM KNO3or KCl) or fully inhibited (in 600 mM NaCl, NaNO3or NaCl:KCl) by the ionic and not the osmotic component of salinity.AbstractAlthough high soil salinity is an increasing global problem, not much is known about how direct exposure to salinity affects etiolated leaves of seedlings germinating in the soil and then reaching the surface. We investigated the effect of various salt treatments on the greening process of leaves in 8- to 11-day-old etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivumL. Mv. Béres) seedlings. Etiolated leaf segments pre-treated on different salt (600 mM NaCl:KCl 1:1, 600 mM NaCl, 600 mM KCl, 600 mM NaNO3, 600 mM KNO3, 300 mM KCl, 300 mM NaCl or 300 mM CaCl2) or isosmotic polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) solutions for 1.5 h in the dark and then greened for 16 h on the same solutions were studied. Leaf segments greened on PEG (osmotic stress) or on 300 mM KCl had similar chloroplasts compared to control samples greened on Hoagland solution. Slightly slower development of chloroplast structure and function (photosynthetic activity) was observed in segments greened on 300 mM NaCl or CaCl2, 600 mM KNO3or KCl. However, etioplast-to-chloroplast transformation and chlorophyll accumulation were fully inhibited and peculiar prothylakoid swelling occurred in segments greened on 600 mM NaCl, NaNO3or NaCl:KCl (1:1) solutions. The data indicate that not the high osmolarity of the used salt solution, but its ions, especially Na+, had the strongest negative impact on these processes.Graphical abstract
A multi-resolution physics-informed recurrent neural network: formulation and application to musculoskeletal systems
Authors: Taneja Karan , He Xiaolong , He QiZhi , Chen Jiun-Shyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work presents a multi-resolution physics-informed recurrent neural network (MR PI-RNN), for simultaneous prediction of musculoskeletal (MSK) motion and parameter identification of the MSK systems. The MSK application was selected as the model problem due to its challenging nature in mapping the high-frequency surface electromyography (sEMG) signals to the low-frequency body joint motion controlled by the MSK and muscle contraction dynamics. The proposed method utilizes the fast wavelet transform to decompose the mixed frequency input sEMG and output joint motion signals into nested multi-resolution signals. The prediction model is subsequently trained on coarser-scale input–output signals using a gated recurrent unit (GRU), and then the trained parameters are transferred to the next level of training with finer-scale signals. These training processes are repeated recursively under a transfer-learning fashion until the full-scale training (i.e., with unfiltered signals) is achieved, while satisfying the underlying dynamic equilibrium. Numerical examples on recorded subject data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in generating a physics-informed forward-dynamics surrogate, which yields higher accuracy in motion predictions of elbow flexion–extension of an MSK system compared to the case with single-scale training. The framework is also capable of identifying muscle parameters that are physiologically consistent with the subject’s kinematics data.
Interdisziplinäre multimodale Schmerztherapie bei postviralen Syndromen und ME/CFS
Authors: Luchting Benjamin , Behrends Uta , Eigner Bianca , Stojanov Silvia , Warlitz Cordula , Haegele Matthias , Neuwirth Eva , Mihatsch Lorenz , Richter Hans Peter 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Multimodale Schmerztherapien erfolgen üblicherweise im Rahmen von mehrwöchigen Gruppentherapien und basieren auf einem generell aktivierenden Ansatz. Durch die Besonderheit einer Belastungsintoleranz mit postexertioneller Malaise (PEM) bei Patient:innen mit postviralen Syndromen muss in diesen Fällen eine körperliche sowie psychische Überlastung dringend vermieden werden. Diese Aspekte können in gängigen schmerzmedizinischen Therapiekonzepten jedoch nur unzureichend berücksichtigt werden.

Methodik
Zusammenfassung der aktuellen Literatur und Darstellung klinischer Besonderheiten sowie Vorstellung eines therapeutischen Modellprojekts für eine interdisziplinäre multimodale Schmerztherapie bei postviralen Syndromen mit PEM.

Modellkonzept
Das vorgestellte Modellkonzept beschreibt ein der individuellen Belastbarkeit angepasstes tagesklinisches Behandlungssetting für die multimodale Schmerztherapie mit Minimierung des Risikos einer belastungsinduzierten Zustandsverschlechterung.
Experimental Study of Compact Sandstone Deformation Under Axisymmetric Triaxial Loading Along Specific Paths in Stress Space
Authors: Janeček Ivan , Mishra Deepak Amban , Vishnu Chitralekha Satheesan , Ščučka Jiří , Vaculíková Lenka , Martinec Petr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe deformation of rocks well below their ultimate strengths is frequently described through the constant stiffness moduli of the linear elasticity theory. In addition, the isotropic material approximation is usually used as the basic approach. Particularly in sedimentary rocks, local inhomogeneities, anisotropy, and irreversible processes, mainly related to the gradual breakage of grain joints, can affect their deformation behavior from the beginning of the loading. Consequently, the stiffness moduli measured under triaxial conditions are effective parameters, which may depend on the loading path in the stress space. Therefore, a complex experimental study of the deformation response of compact sedimentary rock (Brenna sandstone) along various paths in triaxial stress space was prepared to understand this dependence. In addition, a detailed analysis of the rock composition and structure of this compact sandstone was carried out. This paper presents an initial experimental study that is based on a loading method using alternative stress paths that correspond to different modes of the monotonic increase in differential stress from an initial isotropic compression state. In the experiment, the dependence of stiffness moduli on the loading path was found. Differences in rock deformation for conventional triaxial compression and extension can be attributed to a slight rock anisotropy originating from the stratification. The different behavior of deformation and related stiffness moduli along so-called reduced triaxial paths and conventional paths indicates that irreversible processes must be taken into account.
Sichtbarkeit von Forschung in Deutschland zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Hakimi M. , Gombert A. , Mulorz J. , Jung G. , Oberhuber A. , Cotta L. , Böckler D. ,   Forschungskommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin e. V.
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin (DGG) hat mit der Einführung der digitalen Forschungslandkarte ein innovatives Projekt realisiert, das einen umfassenden Überblick über Arbeitsgruppen, Forschungsthemen und deren Ausstattung zur Verfügung stellt.

Initiierung und Umsetzung
Eine 2022 vom Vorstand der DGG berufene Forschungskommission erfragte bei den Forschungseinrichtungen mithilfe standardisierter Fragebögen, welche Parameter die Landkarte zeigen soll. Zum Start waren 18 Standorte abgebildet.

Ergebnisse
Ziel der digitalen Forschungslandkarte ist es, eine benutzerfreundliche Plattform zu schaffen, auf der schnell und einfach Informationen zu den verschiedenen Forschungsgruppen abgerufen werden können. Die Forschungslandkarte der DGG unterscheidet sich dabei von vergleichbaren Projekten durch die Kenntlichmachung des translationalen Aspekts. Es werden wissenschaftliche Forschungsgruppen und die Gesamtkonstellation der klinischen akademischen universitären Einrichtung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die digitale Forschungslandkarte der DGG dient der Zusammenarbeit und dem Informationsaustausch in der vaskulären Forschung. Zudem erhöht sie die Sichtbarkeit des Fachs gegenüber Studierenden, Forschenden anderer Fachbereiche, den Medien, der Industrie sowie Interessierten aus dem Ausland.