bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Photospheric Emission in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prompt Correlations, Spectral Shapes, and Polarizations
Authors: Ito Hirotaka , Matsumoto Jin , Nagataki Shigehiro , Warren Donald C. , Barkov Maxim V. , Yonetoku Daisuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We explore the properties of photospheric emission in the context of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using three numerical models that combine relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and Monte Carlo radiation transfer calculations in three dimensions. Our simulations confirm that photospheric emission gives rise to correlations between the spectral peak energy and luminosity that agree with the observed Yonetoku, Amati, and Golenetskii correlations. It is also shown that the spectral peak energy and luminosity correlate with the bulk Lorentz factor, as indicated in the literature. On the other hand, synthetic spectral shapes tend to be narrower than those of the observations. This result indicates that an additional physical process that can provide nonthermal broadening is needed to reproduce the spectral features. Furthermore, the polarization analysis finds that, while the degree of polarization is low for the emission from the jet core (Π < 4%), it tends to increase with viewing angle outside of the core and can be as high as Π ∼ 20%–40% in an extreme case. This suggests that the typical GRBs show systematically low polarization compared to softer, dimmer counterparts (X-ray-rich GRBs and X-ray flashes). Interestingly, our simulations indicate that photospheric emission exhibits large temporal variation in the polarization position angle (Δψ ∼ 90°), which may be compatible with those inferred in observations. A notable energy dependence of the polarization property is another characteristic feature found in the current study. Particularly, the difference in the position angle among different energy bands can be as large as ∼90°.
Magnetic Trapping of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Outer Heliosheath and Their Preferential Entry into the Heliosphere
Authors: Florinski Vladimir , Guzman Juan Alonso , Kleimann Jens , Baliukin Igor , Ghanbari Keyvan , Turner Drew , Zieger Bertalan , Kóta Jozsef , Opher Merav , Izmodenov Vladislav , Alexashov Dmitry , Giacalone Joe , Richardson John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the geometry of interstellar magnetic field lines close to the boundary of the heliosphere in the direction of the unperturbed local interstellar magnetic field, where the field lines are spread apart by the heliopause (HP). Such field parting establishes a region of weaker magnetic field of about 300 au in size in the northern hemisphere that acts as a giant magnetic trap affecting the propagation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). The choice of an analytic model of the magnetic field in the very local interstellar medium allows us to qualitatively study the resulting magnetic field draping pattern while avoiding unphysical dissipation across the HP-impeding numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. We investigate GCR transport in the region exterior to the heliosphere, including the magnetic trap, subject to guiding center drifts, pitch angle scattering, and perpendicular diffusion. The transport coefficients were derived from Voyager 1 observations of magnetic turbulence in the VLISM. Our results predict a ring current of energetic ions drifting around the interior of the magnetic trap. It is also demonstrated that GCRs cross the HP for the first time preferentially through a crescent-shaped region between the magnetic trap and the upwind direction. The paper includes results of MHD modeling of the heliosphere that provide the coordinates of the center of the magnetic trap in ecliptic coordinates. In addition to the heliosphere, we examine several extreme field draping configurations that could describe the astrospheres of other stars.
Multiwavelength Spectral Energy Distribution Analysis of X-Ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei at z = 0.2–0.8 in the Stripe 82 Region
Authors: Setoguchi Kenta , Ueda Yoshihiro , Toba Yoshiki , Li Junyao , Silverman John , Uematsu Ryosuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We perform a systematic, multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis of X-ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z = 0.2–0.8 with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) counterparts in the Stripe 82 region, consisting of 60 type 1 and 137 type 2 AGNs covering a 2–10 keV luminosity range of

41.6
<
log

L

x

<
44.7

. The latest CIGALE code, where dusty polar components are included, is employed. To obtain reliable host and AGN parameters in type 1 AGNs, we utilize the image-decomposed optical SEDs of host galaxies by Li et al. based on the Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam images. The mean ratio of black hole masses (M
BH) and stellar masses (M
stellar) of our X-ray detected type 1 AGN sample,

log
(

M

BH

/

M

stellar

)
=
−
2.7
±
0.5

, is close to the local relation between BH and stellar masses as reported by Li et al. for SDSS quasars. This ratio is slightly lower than that found for more luminous (

log

L

bol

>
45

) type 1 AGNs at z ∼ 1.5. This can be explained by the AGN luminosity dependence of

log
(

M

BH

/

M

stellar

)

, which little evolves with redshift. We confirm the trend that the UV-to-X-ray slope (α
OX) or X-ray-to-bolometric correction factor (κ
2–10) increases with AGN luminosity or Eddington ratio. We find that type 1 and type 2 AGNs with the same luminosity ranges share similar host stellar mass distributions, whereas type 2s tend to show smaller AGN luminosities than type 1s. This supports the luminosity-dependent (or Eddington-ratio-dependent) unified scheme.
Effect of Extinction on Quasar Luminosity Distances Determined from UV and X-Ray Flux Measurements
Authors: Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Khadka Narayan , Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Prince Raj , Panda Swayamtrupta , Ratra Bharat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In Khadka et al., a sample of X-ray-detected reverberation-mapped quasars was presented and applied for the comparison of cosmological constraints inferred using two well-established relations in active galactic nuclei—the X-ray/UV luminosity (L

X
–L
UV) relation and the broad-line region radius–luminosity (R–L) relation. L

X
–L
UV and R–L luminosity distances to the same quasars exhibit a distribution of their differences that is generally asymmetric and positively shifted for the six cosmological models we consider. We demonstrate that this behavior can be interpreted qualitatively as arising as a result of the dust extinction of UV/X-ray quasar emission. We show that the extinction always contributes to the nonzero difference between L

X
–L
UV-based and R–L-based luminosity distances and we derive a linear relationship between the X-ray/UV color index E

X−UV and the luminosity-distance difference, which also depends on the value of the L

X
–L
UV relation slope. Taking into account the median and the peak values of the luminosity-distance difference distributions, the average X-ray/UV color index falls in the range of

E

¯

X
−
UV

=
0.03
–
0.28

mag for the current sample of 58 sources. This amount of extinction is typical for the majority of quasars and can be attributed to the circumnuclear and interstellar media of host galaxies. After applying the standard hard X-ray and far-UV extinction cuts, heavily extincted sources are removed but overall the shift toward positive values persists. The effect of extinction on luminosity distances is more pronounced for the L

X
–L
UV relation since the extinction of UV and X-ray emissions both contribute.
MEGASIM: Distribution and Detection of Earth Trojan Asteroids
Authors: Yeager Travis , Golovich Nathan , Pruett Kerianne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Using N-body simulation results from the MEGASIM data set, we present spatial distributions of Earth Trojan Asteroids and assess the detectability of the population in current and next-generation ground-based astronomical surveys. Our high-fidelity Earth Trojan Asteroid (ETA) distribution maps show never-before-seen high-resolution spatial features that evolve over timescales up to 1 Gyr. The simulation was synchronized to start times and timelines of two observational astronomy surveys: (1) the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and (2) the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We calculate upper limits for the number of ETAs potentially observable with both the ZTF and LSST surveys. Due to the Yarkovsky Effect, we find no stable ETAs on billion-year timescales likely to be detected by any ETA survey, as no C-type or S-type ETAs (with H < 22 and H < 24, respectively) are likely to be stable on billion-year timescales, and ETAs large enough to remain stable on billion-year timescales are very rare relative to the rest of the ETA population. We find that a twilight ETA survey will not drastically increase the likelihood of individual ETA detection, but it would provide orders of magnitude more observations of select ETA populations. The null detection to date from ZTF restricts the potential ETA population to hundreds of objects larger than 100 m (at H ≈ 22), while a null detection by LSST will further restrict the ETA population to tens of objects larger than 100 m.
Nuevas evidencias sobre la calidad de la información geográfica contenida en las fuentes precatastrales: análisis a partir de un cabreve del siglo XVIII
Authors: Giménez-Font Pablo , Zaragozí Benito 
Published: January 2024

Los registros precatastrales son una fuente histórica muy relevante para los estudios de historia agraria y evolución de la propiedad. No obstante, se trata generalmente de fuentes de tipo textual y sin representación gráfica, lo que supone limitaciones evidentes. En el caso de los territorios donde predominaba el contrato enfitéutico, la concurrencia de derechos sobre una misma parcela (dominios útil y directo), obligó a generar documentos de control de elevada precisión, entre los que destacan los cabreves. En este estudio analizamos un cabreve de la baronía de Sella (Alicante), datado en 1726, a partir del cual se ha realizado un estudio de caso en el valle de Tagarina, con una superficie aproximada de 1000 ha. Las relaciones de vecindad contenidas en este cabreve se han modelizado como grafos espaciales y, mediante un proceso iterativo, se ha logrado superponer la estructura parcelaria de 1726 sobre otras capas de información cartográfica (principalmente, toponimia, relieve y ortofotografía). Combinar el grafo espacial con otras fuentes geohistóricas (establiments de 1613 y el catastro de 1917) permite observar la evolución de la propiedad a través del seguimiento de familias de enfiteutas que se convirtieron en propietarios. Estas nuevas evidencias no hacen sino confirmar la calidad y las posibilidades de explotación de la información geográfica contenida en los cabreves.
Comparison of Weekly Training Load and Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio Methods to Estimate Change in Training Load in Running
Authors: Cloosterman Kyra L. A. , Vos Robert-Jan de , van Oeveren Ben , Visser Edwin , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M. A. , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: January 2024

Context
Before examining the impact of training load on injury risk in runners, it is important to gain insight into the differences between methods that are used to measure change in training load.

Objective
To investigate differences between 4 methods when calculating change in training load: (1) weekly training load; (2) acute : chronic workload ratio (ACWR), coupled rolling average (RA); (3) ACWR, uncoupled RA; (4) ACWR, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA).

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
This study is part of a randomized controlled trial on running injury prevention among recreational runners. Runners received a baseline questionnaire and a request to share global positioning system training data.

Patients or Other Participants
Runners who registered for running events (distances 10–42.195 km) in the Netherlands.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The primary outcome measure was the predefined significant increase in training load (weekly training loads ≥ 30% progression and ACWRs ≥ 1.5), based on training distance. Proportional Venn diagrams visualized the differences between the methods.

Results
A total of 430 participants (73.3% men; mean age = 44.3 ± 12.2 years) shared their global positioning system training data for a total of 22 839 training sessions. For the weekly training load, coupled RA, uncoupled RA, and EWMA method, respectively, 33.4% (95% CI = 32.8, 34.0), 16.2% (95% CI = 15.7, 16.6), 25.8% (95% CI = 25.3, 26.4), and 18.9% (95% CI = 18.4, 19.4) of the training sessions were classified as significant increases in training load. Of the training sessions with significant increases in training load, 43.0% from the weekly training load method were different than the coupled RA and EWMA methods. Training sessions with significant increases in training load based on the coupled RA method showed 100% overlap with the uncoupled RA and EWMA methods.

Conclusions
The difference in the change in training load measured by weekly training load and ACWR methods was high. To validate an appropriate measure of change in training load in runners, future research on the association between training loads and running-related injury risk is needed.
Early Gait Biomechanics Linked to Daily Steps After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Büttner Christin , Lisee Caroline , Buck Ashley , Bjornsen Elizabeth , Thoma Louise , Spang Jeffrey , Blackburn Troy , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: January 2024

Context
Gait biomechanics and daily steps are important aspects of knee-joint loading that change after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Understanding their relationship during the first 6 months post-ACLR could help clinicians develop comprehensive rehabilitation interventions that promote optimal joint loading after injury, thereby improving long-term knee-joint health.

Objectives
To compare biomechanical gait waveforms throughout stance at early time points post-ACLR in individuals with different daily step behaviors at 6 months post-ACLR and to examine how these gait waveforms compare with those of uninjured controls.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 32 individuals with primary ACLR assigned to the low-step group (LSG; n = 13) or the high-step group (HSG; n = 19) based on their average daily steps at 6 months post-ACLR and 32 uninjured matched controls.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Gait biomechanics were collected at 2, 4, and 6 months post-ACLR for the ACLR groups and at a single session for the control group. Knee-adduction moment, knee-extension moment (KEM), and knee-flexion angle (KFA) waveforms were calculated during gait stance and then compared via functional waveform analyses. Mean differences and corresponding 95% CIs between groups were reported.

Results
Primary results demonstrated less KFA (1%–45% versus 79%–92% of stance) and greater KEM (65%–93% of stance) at 2 months and greater knee-adduction moment (14%–20% versus 68%–92% of stance) at 4 months post-ACLR for the HSG compared with the LSG. Knee-adduction moment, KEM, and KFA waveforms differed across various proportions of stance at all time points between the step and control groups.

Conclusions
Differences in gait biomechanics were present at 2 and 4 months post-ACLR between step groups, with the LSG demonstrating an overall more flexed knee and more profound stepwise underloading throughout stance than the HSG. The results indicate a relation between early gait biomechanics and later daily step behaviors post-ACLR.
Restorative Physical Function and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain in High School Athletes
Authors: Schnittjer Amber J. , Biello Nick , Craner Christina , Simon Janet E. 
Published: January 2024

Context
Limited longitudinal data exist on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS). The impact of prospective hop testing on PROs at return to play (RTP) and 6 months post-RTP is unclear.

Objective
To determine if high school athletes with an LAS who return to baseline physical function as measured by a single-leg hop for distance (SLHOP) have better PROs relative to individuals who return to symmetry.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Ten high schools over 2 years.

Patients or Other Participants
Two hundred six high school athletes who sustained an LAS were included. Baseline SLHOP testing was completed preinjury. Patient-reported outcomes were recorded at time of injury, RTP, and 6 months post-RTP. Participants were classified as symmetry (n = 134) or restorative (n = 72). Symmetry was defined as achieving an SLHOP performance within 10% of the uninjured limb at RTP. Restorative was defined as achieving an SLHOP performance within 10% of preinjury levels.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)–Activities of Daily Living, FAAM-Sport, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, and PROMIS Depression were analyzed using a 2-way nonparametric analysis of variance. The interaction term of group by time was the main comparison of interest and was interpreted if significant. Post hoc multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey-Kramer test.

Results
The restorative group reported better FAAM scores at RTP and 6 months post-RTP (P &lt; .05) relative to the symmetry group. There were no differences in PROMIS Anxiety scores at time of injury, RTP, or 6 months post-RTP between groups (P &gt; .05). There were no differences in PROMIS Depression scores at time of injury between groups (P = .34), but the restorative group had worse PROMIS Depression scores at RTP (P = .03).

Conclusions
The restorative group reported better FAAM-ADL and FAAM-Sport scores at RTP and 6 months post-RTP relative to the symmetry group. Restoring individuals to baseline physical function rather than limb symmetry may ensure better PROs after an LAS.
Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumors: Is Fertility Preservation Possible?
Authors: Behnamfar Fariba , Nazemi Maryam , Mohamadi Behnoosh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Yolk sac tumors make up 14% to 20% of all malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in a significant number of patients and are useful for monitoring the response to treatment and for post-treatment surveillance. Surgery is required for diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The first case is a 12-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain. The ultrasonography (US) showed a huge pelvic tumor. AFP level was high (1000 mg/ml). Right salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were done. Histopathology reported yolk sac tumor of ovary. She received 3 courses of bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP). The second case is a 25-year-old G1AB1 presented with pelvic pain and distension. The US showed a huge pelvic tumor in the right abdominopelvic region. AFP level was high (1000 mg/ml). Right salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and appendectomy were done. Histopathology reported yolk sac tumor of ovary. The patient received four cycles of BEP protocol; AFP level decreased to 10 mg/ml after the four cycles of chemotherapy. The third case is a 21-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain. The US showed a huge pelvic tumor in the right adnexa. AFP level was high (8700 mg/ml). Right salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were done. Yolk sac tumor is rare in children and it could be cured usually. In this study, we described three patients with ovarian yolk sac tumors and their fertility preservation treatments.These cases has reminded that in young age with high AFP levels and rapidly growing ovarian mass, diagnosis of the yolk sac tumor has to be kept in mind.
The Effect of Rivaroxaban in the Complementary Therapy of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Rogha Mehrdad , Moshtaghi Ehsan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Due to the importance of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and the possible role of blood coagulation in its mechanism and the likely therapeutic effect of anticoagulants and also the lack of studies in this field, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of rivaroxaban (RXA) in the treatment of this disease.

Materials and Methods:
The present double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 34 patients with SSNHL. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, in addition to corticosteroid therapy (CST), RXA 10 mg tablets were used daily for 10 days (RXA group), and in the second group, only CST (CST group) treatment was prescribed. Hearing recovery was then assessed and recorded according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria.

Results:
This study showed that the grade of hearing recovery in the RXA group (58.8%) was higher than the CST group (47.1%), but this difference was not significant (P value >0.05). Also, RXA treatment increased the odds of hearing recovery, and this difference was not statistically significant (odd ratio (95% confidence interval)(OR (95% CI): 2.327 (0.180–18.082); P value = 0.518). In contrast, delay to treatment, more increased PTA (pure tone average (PTA)), and having vertigo reduced the odds of hearing recovery by 0.138-, 0.019-, and 0.069-fold, respectively (P value <0.05).

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, although the percentage of hearing recovery was higher in the RXA group, in general, the results of the two treatments were not significantly different.
CTNS Mutations Causing Autosomal Recessive Cystinosis in a Subset of Iranian Population: Report of Two New Variants
Authors: Mohammadi Chermahini Zahra , Salehi Mansoor , Gheissari Alaleh , Ahmadi Beni Faeze , Khosravian Farinaz , Kazemi Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nephropathic cystinosis (NC) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disease with abnormality in lysosomal storage that appearances in patients with mutations in the CTNS gene encoding a lysosomal transporter cystinosin. Disrupted function of this transporter is followed by accumulation of cysteine crystals in cells of many various organs. This study aimed to investigate the mutations of the CTNS gene in 20 Iranian patients suffering from NC.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty Iranian cystinosis patients referring to Imam Hossein Hospital of Isfahan were employed in this case-series study. After extraction of genomic DNA, the promoter and entire coding regions of CTNS were analysed using sanger sequencing in all patients. Gap–Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect 57 kb deletion in the CTNS gene. In silico study was performed to analyse variants.

Results:
The large deletion was not seen in any NC patients. Molecular analysis which conducted to screen the CTNS gene of patients, identified eight different mutations, including two new mutations, c.971_972insC and c.956_956delA, which have not been reported before, and c.681G>A mutation, which was identified as a frequently founded mutation in the Middle East and was observed in 35% of patients. In this study, five other mutations including c.1015G>A, c.922G>A, c.323_323delA, c.433C>T, and c.18_21delGACT were also observed, which have been reported in previous studies.

Conclusion:
The mutational spectrum in the Iranian patients is the same as previously reported mutations except that two new mutations were found. The present findings will present suggestions for regular molecular diagnosis of cystinosis in Iran.