bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Proposed Interventions for Fatigue in Patients Hospitalized With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Cinthia Calsinski de Assis  , Leite de Barros Alba Lucia Botura 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo evaluate the results of applying NIC interventions and NOC outcomes for fatigue.METHODSThe study population comprised 30 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) hospitalized for treatment in Hospital São Paulo in Brazil. They were followed from the day of hospitalization to hospital discharge. NIC interventions for each nursing diagnosis were evaluated daily on an evaluation scale.FINDINGSAfter application of NIC interventions and NOC outcomes, patients progressed satisfactorily. On day 1 of hospitalization, only 17% of patients had a score of 5 (normal) for the skin color indicator; by day 7, 43% had achieved this score. With regard to “reported activities of daily living performance,” no patient had a score of 5 on day 1 of hospitalization, and by day 7, 23% of the patients scored 1 (very impaired).CONCLUSIONSNIC interventions satisfactorily achieved the expected NOC outcomes.
Validation of Priority NIC Interventions and Suggested NOC Outcomes for Fluid Volume Excess
Authors: de Lima Lopes Juliana , Leite de Barros Alba Lucia Botura 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo identify and evalutate NIC priority interventions performed by Brazilian nurses and the associated NOC outcomes for patients whose clinical conditions suggest fluid volume excess.METHODSAn exploratory study was developed in two phases: (a) validation of the content of the priority NIC interventions and suggested NOC outcomes by seven expert nurses from a cardiology ward and the researcher, and (b) activities and indicators chosen were performed and evaluated daily for all patients admitted to the cardiology ward whose clinical conditions suggested fluid volume excess.FINDINGSNurses chose 26 activities from the NIC categories of “fluid management,” 23 from “fluid monitoring,” and 28 from “hypervolemia management.” Eighteen NOC outcomes were chosen from Fluid Balance, 11 from Hydration, and 13 from Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance.CONCLUSIONSNurses identified many NIC activities that are important to their practice, and they also agreed with many NOC indicators. The use of standardized languages for interventions and outcomes will allow them to develop the process of nursing care and to establish practice standards.
Using Caretracker to Validate NOC Scores
Authors: Jenkins Peggy 
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUNDThirteen residents of a long‐term care facility participated in a study on the use of caretracker, a system to use “real time” data to code the minimum data set by tracking activities of living and providing supportive documentation.MAIN CONTENT POINTSWith the caretracker data, more individualized care plans were produced and modified. Nursing interventions could be seen to facilitate the desired outcomes based on the behavior‐monitoring forms and the caretracker entries. This, in turn, validated the NOC scores.CONCLUSIONSCaretracker data can be used to support nursing efforts and patient outcomes.
Use of NANDA‐ and NIC‐Based Nursing Care Plans in Public Health Nursing Practice
Authors: Rivera Jennifer C. , Parris Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2004

PURPOSETo evaluate selected nursing diagnoses and interventions for their capacity to accurately document public health field nursing (PHFN) practice; to describe the most common nursing diagnoses and interventions used by public health nurses.METHODSA retrospective review of family charts was conducted to analyze the use of nursing diagnoses and interventions.FINDINGSThe frequency pattern of nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions used in care plans is consistent with the scope of public health nursing practice, whose emphasis is on health promotion and disease prevention.DISCUSSIONThese commonly used diagnoses and interventions provide evidence of a core set of interventions useful for practice in public health. In addition, linking the NANDA diagnoses and the NIC interventions revealed that public health nurses have an inventory of frequently used interventions that crosses visit type and nursing diagnoses.CONCLUSIONSIdentifying the use rate of particular diagnoses and interventions will help determine which diagnoses and interventions should be included in the PHFN electronic medical record. Also, linking diagnoses and interventions will allow PHFN to build a body of knowledge based on actual patient care and, ultimately, to assist public health nurses to make better clinical decisions.
Chemical Dependency and Standardized Nursing Language
Authors: Scherb Cindy A. , Cox‐Kolek Marlae 
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND. Chemical dependency (CD) documentation and nursing documentation within a hospital have differed in many ways. The organization's direction toward a multidisciplinary patient record using NANDA, NIC, and NOC standardized nursing languages (SNL) was a challenge for the CD counselors. The use of SNLs caused some discord with the counseling staff as to how a care plan could be individualized with the use of standardized language.MAIN CONTENT POINTS. The CD counselors needed to resolve some issues before the change in documentation could proceed. The words “standardized language” provoked thoughts of “cookbook” care, so the counselors needed to reconcile the use of SNLs and the ability to develop individualized treatment plans. The counselors were initially uncertain about using nursing languages to describe their practice and the minimal counseling terms within the languages. These issues were overcome by studying the languages and seeing that they did address the practice of the CD counselors even though nursing developed the SNLs. Implementation included education about NANDA, NIC, and NOC. The staff needed time to accept the need for standardized languages to enhance interdisciplinary documentation and to remove the attitude barrier of “we've always done it this way.” The next step was to create and revise care plans and documentation screens.CONCLUSIONS. The practice of providing care to patients in CD treatment is enhanced by using NANDA, NIC, and NOC because of the ability to develop a true interdisciplinary patient record, retain individualization of patient plans of care, use the outcomes to substantiate discharge status and recommendations, and assess effectiveness through use of outcome data. Pilot outcomes data indicate that CD counselors and nursing exhibit statistically significant results related to coping, decision making, knowledge: substance use control, leisure participation, psychosocial adjustment, life change, substance addiction consequences, self‐esteem, and spiritual well‐being. Future research efforts should include monitoring patient outcomes over the continuum of care. Most patients participate in an aftercare program following inpatient or outpatient treatment. It would be beneficial to follow outcomes throughout the entire course of a patient's treatment.
The Melaminophenyl Arsenicals Melarsoprol and Melarsen Oxide Interfere with Thiamine Metabolism in the Fission Yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Schweingruber M. Ernst 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

The melaminophenyl arsenical melarsoprol is the main drug used against late-stage sleeping sickness caused by
Trypanosoma brucei
subspecies. Its active metabolite in the human body is melarsen oxide. Here, it is shown that this metabolite inhibits growth of the fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
and that its toxicity can be abolished efficiently by thiamine (vitamin B
1
), thiamine analogues, and the pyrimidine moiety of the thiamine molecule. Uptake of melarsen oxide is mediated by a membrane protein (car1p), which is involved in the uptake of thiamine and its pyrimidine moiety. Melarsoprol is taken up by cells in a thiamine- and car1p-dependent manner but is not toxic to cells.
Rotavirus Enterotoxin NSP4 Binds to the Extracellular Matrix Proteins Laminin-β3 and Fibronectin
Authors: Boshuizen J. A. , Rossen J. W. A. , Sitaram C. K. , Kimenai F. F. P. , Simons-Oosterhuis Y. , Laffeber C. , Büller H. A. , Einerhand A. W. C. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus is the most important cause of viral gastroenteritis and dehydrating diarrhea in young children. Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is an enterotoxin that was identified as an important agent in symptomatic rotavirus infection. To identify cellular proteins that interact with NSP4, a two-hybrid technique with
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
was used. NSP4 cDNA, derived from the human rotavirus strain Wa, was cloned into the yeast shuttle vector pGBKT7. An intestinal cDNA library derived from Caco-2 cells cloned into the yeast shuttle vector pGAD10 was screened for proteins that interact with NSP4. Protein interactions were confirmed in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical colocalization. After two-hybrid library screening, we repeatedly isolated cDNAs encoding the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein laminin-β3 (amino acids [aa] 274 to 878) and a cDNA encoding the ECM protein fibronectin (aa 1755 to 1884). Using deletion mutants of NSP4, we mapped the region of interaction with the ECM proteins between aa 87 and 145. Deletion analysis of laminin-β3 indicated that the region comprising aa 726 to 875 of laminin-β3 interacts with NSP4. Interaction of NSP4 with either laminin-β3 or fibronectin was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. NSP4 was present in infected enterocytes and in the basement membrane (BM) of infected neonatal mice and colocalized with laminin-β3, indicating a physiological interaction. In conclusion, two-hybrid screening with NSP4 yielded two potential target proteins, laminin-β3 and fibronectin, interacting with the enterotoxin NSP4. The release of NSP4 from the basal side of infected epithelial cells and the subsequent binding to ECM proteins localized at the BM may signify a new mechanism by which rotavirus disease is established.
Consequences of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape: Common Escape Mutations in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Are Poorly Recognized in Naïve Hosts
Authors: Friedrich Thomas C. , McDermott Adrian B. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Piaskowski Shari , Fuenger Sarah , de Souza Ivna P. , Rudersdorf Richard , Cullen Candice , Yant Levi J. , Vojnov Lara , Stephany Jason , Martin Sarah , O'Connor David H. , Wilson Nancy , Watkins David I. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTCytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are associated with control of immunodeficiency virus infection but also select for variants that escape immune recognition. Declining frequencies of epitope-specific CTL frequencies have been correlated with viral escape in individual hosts. However, escape mutations may give rise to new epitopes that could be recognized by CTL expressing appropriate T-cell receptors and thus still be immunogenic when escape variants are passed to individuals expressing the appropriate major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. To determine whether peptide ligands that have been altered through escape can be immunogenic in new hosts, we challenged naïve, immunocompetent macaques with a molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) bearing common escape mutations in three immunodominant CTL epitopes. Responses to the altered peptides were barely detectable in fresh samples at any time after infection. Surprisingly, CTL specific for two of three escaped epitopes could be expanded by in vitro stimulation with synthetic peptides. Our results suggest that some escape variant epitopes evolving in infected individuals do not efficiently stimulate new populations of CTL, either in that individual or upon passage to new hosts. Nevertheless, escape variation may not completely abolish an epitope's immunogenicity. Moreover, since the mutant epitope sequences did not revert to wild type during the study period, it is possible that low-frequency CTL exerted enough selective pressure to preserve epitope mutations in viruses replicating in vivo.
A Long-Distance Translocatable Phloem Protein from Cucumber Forms a Ribonucleoprotein Complex In Vivo with
Hop Stunt Viroid
RNA
Authors: Gómez Gustavo , Pallás Vicente 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Viroids are highly structured plant pathogenic RNAs that do not code for any protein, and thus, their long-distance movement within the plant must be mediated by direct interaction with cellular factors, the nature of which is presently unknown. In addition to this type of RNAs, recent evidence indicates that endogenous RNAs move through the phloem acting as macromolecular signals involved in plant defense and development. The form in which these RNA molecules are transported to distal parts of the plant is unclear. Viroids can be a good model system to try to identify translocatable proteins that could assist the vascular movement of RNA molecules. Here, we demonstrate by use of immunoprecipitation experiments, that the phloem protein 2 from cucumber (CsPP2) is able to interact in vivo with a viroid RNA. Intergeneric graft assays revealed that both the CsPP2 and the
Hop stunt viroid
RNA were translocated to the scion. The translocated viroid is symptomatic in the nonhost scion, indicating that the translocated RNA is functional. The
CsPP2
gene was cloned and sequenced. The analysis of its primary structure revealed the existence of a potential double-spaced-RNA-binding motif, previously identified in a set of proteins that bind to highly structured RNAs, which could explain its RNA-binding properties. The possible involvement of this phloem protein in assisting the long-distance movement of the viroid RNA within the plant is discussed.
Generation of Influenza A Virus NS2 (NEP) Mutants with an Altered Nuclear Export Signal Sequence
Authors: Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Horimoto Taisuke , Fujii Yutaka , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

The NS2 (NEP) protein of influenza A virus contains a highly conserved nuclear export signal (NES) motif in its amino-terminal region (
12
ILMRMSKMQL
21
, A/WSN/33), which is thought to be required for nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) mediated by a cellular export factor, CRM1. However, simultaneous replacement of three hydrophobic residues in the NES with alanine does not affect NS2 (NEP) binding to CRM1, although the virus with these mutations is not viable. To determine the extent of sequence conservation required by the NS2 (NEP) NES for its export function during viral replication, we randomly introduced mutations by degenerative mutagenesis into the region of NS cDNA encoding the NS2 (NEP) NES and then attempted to generate mutant viruses containing these alterations by reverse genetics. Sequence analysis of the recovered viruses showed that although some of the mutants possessed amino acids other than those conserved in the NES, hydrophobicity within this motif was maintained. Nuclear export of vRNPs representing all of the mutant viruses was completely inhibited in the presence of a CRM1 inhibitor, leptomycin B, as was the transport of wild-type virus, indicating that the CRM1-mediated pathway is responsible for the nuclear export of both wild-type and mutant vRNPs. The vRNPs of some of the mutant viruses were exported in a delayed manner, resulting in limited viral growth in cell culture and in mice. These results suggest that the NES motif may be an attractive target for the introduction of attenuating mutations in the production of live vaccine viruses.
Introduction of a Temperature-Sensitive Phenotype into Influenza A/WSN/33 Virus by Altering the Basic Amino Acid Domain of Influenza Virus Matrix Protein
Authors: Liu Teresa , Ye Zhiping 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT
Our previous studies with influenza A viruses indicated that the association of M1 with viral RNA and nucleoprotein (NP) is required for the efficient formation of helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and for the nuclear export of RNPs. RNA-binding domains of M1 map to the following two independent regions: a zinc finger motif at amino acid positions 148 to 162 and a series of basic amino acids (RKLKR) at amino acid positions 101 to 105. Altering the zinc finger motif of M1 reduces viral growth slightly. A substitution of Ser for Arg at either position 101 or position 105 of the RKLKR domain partially reduces the nuclear export of RNP and viral replication. To further understand the role of the zinc finger motif and the RKLKR domain in viral assembly and replication, we introduced multiple mutations by using reverse genetics to modify these regions of the M gene of influenza virus A/WSN/33. Of multiple mutants analyzed, a double mutant, R101S-R105S, of RKLKR resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype. The R101S-R105S double mutant had a greatly reduced ratio of M1 to NP in viral particles and a weaker binding of M1 to RNPs. These results suggest that mutations can be introduced into the RKLKR domain to control viral replication.
Intranasal Immunization with Inactivated Influenza Virus Enhances Immune Responses to Coadministered Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Like Particle Antigens
Authors: Kang Sang-Moo , Guo Lizheng , Yao Qizhi , Skountzou Ioanna , Compans Richard W. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTIntranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus vaccine can provide protective immunity, whereas many other antigens are less effective when used for mucosal immunization. To determine whether influenza virus could enhance immune responses to an antigen coadministered to a mucosal surface, we studied the intranasal immunization of mice with a mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) virus-like particles (VLPs) and inactivated influenza virus. Compared to mice immunized with SHIV VLPs alone, mice coimmunized with SHIV VLPs and inactivated influenza virus showed significant increases in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA antibodies specific to the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein, neutralizing activities, numbers of gamma interferon- and interleukin 4-secreting lymphocytes, and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities. The levels of enhancement of immune response by coimmunization with inactivated influenza virus were equivalent to those induced by inclusion of immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG DNA). We also observed that SHIV VLPs bind to influenza virus virions, forming mixed aggregates. These results indicate that inactivated influenza virus can play a role as a mucosal adjuvant to coadministered antigens.
Ubiquitous Activation of the Nipah Virus Fusion Protein Does Not Require a Basic Amino Acid at the Cleavage Site
Authors: Moll Markus , Diederich Sandra , Klenk Hans-Dieter , Czub Markus , Maisner Andrea 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus, causes a systemic infection in vivo and is able to replicate in cultured cells of many species and organs. Such pantropic paramyxoviruses generally encode fusion (F) proteins with multibasic cleavage sites activated by furin or other ubiquitous intracellular host cell proteases. In contrast, NiV has an F protein with a single arginine (R
109
) at the cleavage site, as is the case with paramyxoviruses that are activated by trypsin-like proteases only present in specific cells or tissues and therefore only cause localized infections. Unlike these viruses, cleavage of the NiV F protein is ubiquitous and does not require the addition of exogenous proteases in cell culture. To determine the importance of the amino acid sequence at the NiV F protein cleavage site for ubiquitous activation, we generated NiV F proteins with mutations around R
109
. Surprisingly, neither the exchange of amino acids upstream of R
109
nor replacement of the basic residue itself interfered with F cleavage. Thus, R
109
is not essential for F cleavage and activation. Our data demonstrate that NiV F-protein activation depends on a novel type of proteolytic cleavage that has not yet been described for any other paramyxovirus F protein. NiV F activation is mediated by a ubiquitous protease that requires neither a monobasic nor a multibasic cleavage site and therefore differs from the furin- or trypsin-like proteases known to activate other ortho- and paramyxovirus fusion proteins.
Two African Swine Fever Virus Proteins Derived from a Common Precursor Exhibit Different Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Activities
Authors: Eulálio A. , Nunes-Correia I. , Carvalho A. L. , Faro C. , Citovsky V. , Simões S. , Pedroso de Lima M. C. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT
African swine fever virus (ASFV), a large icosahedral deoxyvirus, is the causative agent of an economically relevant hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs. The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the nuclear transport activities of the ASFV p37 and p14 proteins, which result from the proteolytic processing of a common precursor. Experiments were performed by using yeast-based nucleocytoplasmic transport assays and by analysis of the subcellular localization of different green fluorescent and Myc fusion proteins in mammalian cells. The results obtained both in yeast and mammalian cells clearly demonstrated that ASFV p14 protein is imported into the nucleus but not exported to the cytoplasm. The ability of p37 protein to be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of both yeast and mammalian cells was also demonstrated, and the results clearly indicate that p37 nuclear export is dependent on the interaction of the protein with the CRM-1 receptor. In addition, p37 was shown to exhibit nuclear import activity in mammalian cells. The p37 protein nuclear import and export abilities described here constitute the first report of a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein encoded by the ASFV genome. Overall, the overlapping results obtained for green fluorescent protein fusions and Myc-tagged proteins undoubtedly demonstrate that ASFV p37 and p14 proteins exhibit nucleocytoplasmic transport activities. These findings are significant for understanding the role these proteins play in the replication cycle of ASFV.
Recombinant Interleukin-7 Induces Proliferation of Naive Macaque CD4+and CD8+T Cells In Vivo
Authors: Moniuszko Marcin , Fry Terry , Tsai Wen-Po , Morre Michel , Assouline Brigitte , Cortez Pierre , Lewis Mark G. , Cairns Scott , Mackall Crystal , Franchini Genoveffa 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTInterleukin-7 (IL-7) regulates T-cell homeostasis, and its availability is augmented in lymphopenic hosts. Naive CD8+T cells transferred to lymphopenic mice acquire a memory-like phenotype, raising the possibility that IL-7 is the biological mediator of this effect. Here, we provide direct evidence that IL-7 induces the acquisition of memory-cell markers not only in CD8+T cells but also in CD4+T-cell subsets in immune-competent Indian rhesus macaques. The increase of these memory-like populations was dependent on the dose of the cytokine, and these cells were found in the blood as well as secondary lymphoid organs. Memory-like CD4+and CD8+T cells acquired the ability to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha and, to a lesser extent, gamma interferon following stimulation with a cognate antigen. The phenotypic change observed in naive T cells was promptly reversed after discontinuation of IL-7. Importantly, IL-7 induced cycling of both CD4+and CD8+central memory and effector memory T cells, demonstrating its contribution to the maintenance of the entire T-cell pool. Thus, IL-7 may be of benefit in the treatment of iatrogenic or virus-induced T-cell depletion.