bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FLPMA: A Decade of Management Under the ELM Organic Act
Authors: Miller Richard O. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article assesses the impact on public land management policy in the west following a decade's experience under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA). The assessment first describes the political and institutional forces that converged to produce the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) Organic act and then identifies three major policy innovations found in the Act. In conclusion, the article assesses the impact of these policy innovations of FLPMA on management of the public lands.
THE PUBLIC LIFE OF ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
Authors: Elkin Stephen L. , Cook Brian J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTMany current proposals for policy reform call for the use of economic incentives. The growing application of economic incentives in a number of policy areas necessitates continuing critical examination of the claims for and the criticisms of their use. Early empirical evidence on the implementation of incentive schemes serves to shed light on the validity of some of the supporting and opposing arguments. By continuing the assessment of the viability of economic incentives, this study reveals that incentive alternatives face obstacles to use stemming from implementation problems, but political and philosophical issues pose greater threats. Nevertheless, the use of incentives can best be defended on political and moral grounds. Political resistance can be overcome and incentives can be employed effectively, if incentive schemes are understood as fostering one form of social interaction in a mixed regime.
Book Notes
Authors: Mitchell Jerry 
Published: September 2005

Abramovitz, Mimi. 1988. Regulating the Lives of Women: Social Welfare Policy From Colonial Times to the PresentBingham, Richard D., Roy E. Green, and Sammis B. White (eds.). 1987. The Homeless in Contemporary SocietyBogen, Elizabeth. 1987. Immigration in New YorkBowie, Norman E. (ed.). 1988. Equal OpportunityBryner, Gary C. 1987. Bureaucratic Discretion: Law and Policy in Federal Regulatory AgenciesComfort, Louise K. (ed.) 1988. Managing Disaster: Strategies and Policy PerspectivesCook, Brian J. 1988. Bureaucratic Politics and Regulatory Reform: The EPA and Emissions TradingCooper, Phillip J. 1988. Hard Judicial Choices: Federal District Judges and State and Local OfficialsCulyer, A.J. and Bengt Jonsson (eds.). 1988. Public and Private Health ServicesDanziger, Sheldon H. and Kent E. Portney (eds.). 1988. The Distributional Impacts of Public PoliciesDavis, Charles E. and James P. Lester (eds.). 1988. Dimensions of Hazardous Waste Politics and PolicyFagerhaugh, Shizuko Y., Anselm Strauss, Barbara Suczek, and Carolyn L. Wiener. 1987. Hazards in Hospital Care: Ensuring Patient SafetyForsythe, David P. 1988. Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy: Congress ReconsideredGilderbloom, John I. and Richard P. Appelbaum. 1988. Rethinking Rental HousingHahn, Harlan and Sheldon Kamieniecki. 1987. Referendum Voting: Social Status and Policy PreferencesKelly, Rita Mae (ed.). 1988. Promoting Productivity in the Public Sector: Problems, Strategies, and ProspectsKelly, Rita Mae and Jane Bayes (eds.). 1988. Comparable Worth, Pay Equity, and Public PolicyPlowden, William. 1987. Advising the RulersRoessner, J. David. 1988. Government Innovation Policy: Design, Implementation, EvaluationWeidenbaum, Murray and Kenneth Chilton (eds.). 1988. Public Policy Toward Corporate Takeovers
THE LIMITS OF POSITIVISM: CASE STUDIES OF VALUES IN SCIENCE
Authors: Mitchell Jerry 
Published: September 2005

Ernest R. House. 1988. Jesse Jackson and the Politics of Charisma: The Rise and Fall of the PUSH/Excel ProgramJames M. Rogders. 1988. The Impact of Policy AnalysisSylvia Noble Tesh. 1988. Hidden ARguments: Political Ideology and Dieases Prevention Policy
THE POLICY LEGACY OF RONALD REAGAN
Authors: Tatalovich Raymond 
Published: September 2005

Charles O. Jones, ed. 1988. The Reagan Legacy: Promise and PerformanceB.B. Kymlicka and Jean V. Matthews, eds. 1988. The Reagan Revolution?J.D. Lees and Michael Turner, eds. 1988. Reagan's First Four Years: A New Beginning?
Defense Conversion and Dual‐Use Technology
Authors: Brandt Linda 
Published: September 2005

The world has changed. The Cold War is over, and, while the nation is not yet beating its swords into plowshares, public policymakers are attempting simultaneously to accomplish two extremely difficult and seemingly opposing objectives: reducing the defense budget, while at the same time saving industrial jobs, technology, and infrastructure in the defense industrial base by converting them into a flexible, commercial infrastructure capable of supporting both defense and non‐defense needs. The outcome of this attempted balancing act will have far‐reaching defense and economic consequences for the nation.This paper explores the concept of defense conversion as it relates to the defense industry. As a corollary of conversion, the paper also explores the concept of dual‐use technology and its application to continued strength of the defense technology base. A brief overview of the applicable legislation provides some insights into how Washington has crafted political solutions to difficult technical problems. Finally, the paper will examine some of the difficulties that still stand in the way of the creation of an integrated civilian and military industrial base that could support the nation's security needs in a flexible, affordable, and publicly acceptable manner.
Achiasmia and unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia in an otherwise healthy infant
Authors: Pomeranz Howard D. , Agadzi Anthony K. , Ekesten Björn 
Published: September 2005

Abstract. An 18‐month‐old white boy, observed by his parents at 1–2 months age to have poor visual attentiveness and nystagmus, underwent an ophthalmological evaluation. The patient also underwent unsedated 5‐channel flash visual evoked potentials (VEP) and sedated electroretinogram (ERG) testing as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits. The VEP in response to monocular stimulation demonstrated occipital asymmetry and was clearly suggestive of crossed asymmetry and also showed right optic nerve hypoplasia. The MRI and fundoscopic examinations supported the findings of achiasmia and probable optic nerve hypoplasia. The patient also had decreased Teller card visual acuity, nystagmus and a variable right esotropia. Neurological examination was normal. The ophthalmological and MRI findings in this 18‐month‐old male patient support the diagnosis of isolated non‐decussating retinal–fugal fibre syndrome as well as hypoplasia of the optic nerve.
Cross‐cultural equivalence in depression assessment: Japan–Europe–North American study
Authors: Furukawa T. A. , Streiner D. L. , Azuma H. , Higuchi T. , Kamijima K. , Kanba S. , Ozaki N. , Aoba A. , Murasaki M. , Miura S. 
Published: September 2005

Objective:  Worldwide use of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) presupposes that depression symptomatology can be measured the same way across countries but no empirical study has yet examined this issue. We therefore examined cross‐cultural consistency of factor structure of HRSD.Method:  A 17‐item HRSD data were sought for 5185 individuals diagnosed with major depression in Japan, Europe and North America. Candidate factor structures were obtained with simultaneous component analysis (SCA) across the three cultures. They were then submitted to multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results:  According to SCA, 3‐, 4‐ or 5‐factor solutions were found to optimally and adequately summarize the variables for all the three populations. When submitted to CFA, the 5‐factor solution was the best fitting and the most parsimonious: they were ‘anhedonia/retardation,’‘guilt/agitation,’‘bodily symptoms,’‘insomnia’ and ‘appetite.’Conclusion:  Common underlying factors exist for HRSD among Japanese, European and American patients with major depression.
Clinical features of depressed patients with or without a family history of alcoholism
Authors: Sher L. , Oquendo M. A. , Conason A. H. , Brent D. A. , Grunebaum M. F. , Zalsman G. , Burke A. K. , Mann J. J. 
Published: September 2005

Objective:  To compare clinical features of depressed subjects without alcoholism but with a family history of alcoholism to a depressed group without alcoholism and without a family history of alcoholism.Method:  Clinical and demographic data of 209 depressed subjects without a history of alcoholism in first‐degree relatives and 73 depressed individuals with a history of alcoholism in first‐degree relatives were compared. Subjects with a personal history of alcoholism were excluded.Results:  Depressed subjects with a family history of alcoholism have a significantly higher prevalence of reported childhood physical and sexual abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), make more suicide attempts, and have greater intent to die at the time of their most lethal suicide attempt, compared to depressed subjects without a family history of alcoholism.Conclusion:  Depressed patients with a family history of alcoholism are at greater risk for suicidal behavior and PTSD and may require more careful management.
Retention of luting agents on implant abutments of different height and taper
Authors: Bresciano Mario , Schierano Gianmario , Manzella Carlo , Screti Antonio , Bignardi Cristina , Preti Giulio 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention of four cements used to lute metal restorations onto computer designed and manufactured titanium implant abutments of different heights and convergence angles.Material and methods: Test specimens consisted of metal coping cemented on Procera® titanium abutments of 5, 7, and 9 mm of height, and of 0°, 4°, and 8° of convergence angle. The cements used were zinc‐phosphate, zinc oxide‐eugenole, polyurethane resin with and without vaseline. The samples were tested in a universal testing machine. The mean uniaxial load at point of separation was determined. The results were statistically evaluated with ANOVA.Results: The luting agent, the height, and the taper influence the retention of metal casting on customized CAD–CAM implant abutments.Conclusion: The most retentive cement was zinc‐phosphate, followed by polyurethane, polyurethane plus vaseline, and zinc oxide‐eugenol.
Five Years After the Launch of Viagra in Korea: Changes in Perceptions of Erectile Dysfunction Treatment by Physicians, Patients, and the Patients’ Spouses
Authors: Kim Sae-Chul , Park Hye Sook 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
When Viagra was first launched in Korea in 1999, there were high expectations for its efficacy, and strong concerns regarding its safety and potential for misuse.

Purpose
To research changes in perceptions of erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment 5 years after Viagra was launched.

Materials and Methods
Participants in the study were drawn from six provinces in Korea. They were 120 physicians, 80 patients with ED who had been treated with Viagra, and 40 women who knew that their husbands were being treated with Viagra. The study was conducted using a random face-to-face interview and a questionnaire.

Results
Most physicians responded that since the launch of Viagra, discussions on the topic of sex are more acceptable (92%), and the number of patients seeking medical treatment for ED has increased (92%). They now have a better understanding of ED (98%). They are more confident of treatment (96%), more interested in identifying ED patients (72%), and more comfortable at initiating discussions on ED with patients (80%). Prior to the launch of Viagra, 65% of internal medicine/family medicine doctors did not prescribe any special treatment for ED. However, after Viagra became available, 92% of these doctors prescribed oral medication for ED, thus confirming their position as primary physicians for ED treatment. One of the most distinct changes in perceptions related to Viagra is the higher level of confidence shown by physicians, patients, and patients’ spouses in the safety of the drug.

Conclusion
Five years after the launch of Viagra, the social environment has changed, making discussions of sex more acceptable. A larger number of patients now seek medical treatment for ED, and there is an increased acknowledgment for ED treatment by physicians, patients, and patients’ spouses. Moreover, these parties are now more confident about the safety of Viagra.
Management of Ischemic Priapism with High-Dose Intracavernosal Phenylephrine: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Wen C. Charles , Munarriz Ricardo , McAuley Iain , Goldstein Irwin , Traish Abdulmaged , Kim Noel 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ischemic priapism is associated with cavernosal acidosis, which decreases the efficacy of adrenergic agonists. We determined the effect of acidosis on ligand dissociation from adrenergic receptors and assessed the efficacy of high-dose phenylephrine in treating patients with acute ischemic priapism.

Methods
Dissociation rates of [3H]prazosin were determined at pH 7.2 and 6.9 in membrane preparations of rabbit penile cavernosal tissue. Vital signs were recorded from patients before injection, and at 1 minute and 5 minutes after injection of high-dose phenylephrine (1,000 mg q 5 minutes) for 17 consecutive cases of iatrogenic ischemic priapism that occurred after vascular assessment. We also provide two case reports of prolonged ischemic priapism successfully managed with high-dose phenylephrine.

Results
Dissociation rates of [3H]prazosin were greater at pH 6.9 (K −1 = 0.23/minute) than at pH 7.2 (K −1 = 0.10/minute), suggesting decreased receptor affinity at acidic pH. Intracavernosal therapy with high-dose phenylephrine (mean dose 2,059 ± 807 µg) was 100% effective with no adverse events or significant changes in vital signs. In addition, two patients with ischemic priapism for ≥36 hours were successfully treated with high-dose intracavernosal phenylephrine (mean dose 45,000 µg) without any adverse event. Both patients are currently potent.

Conclusions
Acidic pH may decrease the binding affinity of adrenergic ligands to their receptors. Phenylephrine at doses higher than previously reported may be necessary to overcome this decreased affinity in acidosis associated with ischemic priapism. High-dose intracavernosal phenylephrine administration is safe and effective in the management of ischemic priapism. Continuous cardiovascular monitoring is advised.
Tianeptine Can Be Effective in Men with Depression and Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: El-Shafey Hany , Atteya Ahmad , Abu el-Magd Samir , Hassanein Ahmad , Fathy Ahmad , Shamloul Rany 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and depression are highly prevalent medical disorders affecting men of diverse cultures throughout the world. Tianeptine is a new antidepressant drug with less adverse effects on sexual functions.

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy of tianeptine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression with ED.

Methods and Main Outcome Measures
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Subjects were assigned either tianeptine or matching placebo, each for 8 weeks. All patients were followed up on monthly basis where they were asked to complete three assessment questionnaires, namely, Anxiety and Depression Scale, Brief Sexual Inventory, and Quality-of-life and erection questionnaire. All patients were asked a global assessment question. Treatment-responsive subjects were defined as study participants who had scores 1–16 on the Anxiety and depression Scale, showed normal erectile function on the Brief Sexual Inventory, and answered “yes” to the global assessment question.

Results
Of the 237 consecutive men complaining of ED of &gt;6 months and screened for this study, 110 patients met our inclusive criteria; 42 declined to participate. The remaining 68 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. Significant improvement (P &lt; 0.05) was observed during the active drug phase in all three assessments questionnaires, in comparison with the placebo phase. Forty-eight patients (72.7%) of the subjects during the active drug phase were classified as responders, while 19 (27.9%) of the subjects during placebo phase were classified as responders.

Conclusions
Tianeptine could be considered an effective therapy for the treatment of depression and ED. Further large-scale multicentered studies are warranted.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Assessments in a Dutch Cohort of 620 Men with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Without Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Olivier Berend , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Apart from the involvement of central serotonergic neurotransmission on lifelong premature ejaculation, interference of thyroid function has been speculated.

Aim
To study thyroid function in a large group of men with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE).

Methods
Lifelong premature ejaculation was defined as an intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) of less than 1 minute. Any consecutive man with LPE and no erectile dysfunction assessed by medical history and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was eligible for the study. Apart from the assessment of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also free thyroxin (f T4) was determined in case of a TSH of &lt;0.3 mU/L or TSH of &gt;4.0 mU/L (being the lower and upper limits of normal values, respectively). Blood samples were drawn throughout the day within office hours.

Main Outcome Measures
Thyroid-stimulating hormone and f T4.

Results
Included were 620 men; age (mean ± SD) was 39.9 ± 9.4 years (range 19–65). TSH concentrations from morning, early and late afternoon samples did not differ. The geometrical mean TSH concentration was 0.85 mU/L (95% confidence intervals: 0.82–0.90) with a coefficient of variation of 57.9%. Fourteen men had a TSH of &lt;0.3 mU/L (2.2%), while five men (0.8%) of &gt;4.0 mU/L. All men with an abnormal TSH had a normal f T4 (between 10 and 20 pmol/L). No relationship was found between age and TSH concentrations.

Conclusion
Thyroid-stimulating hormone distribution was analyzed in a cohort of Dutch men with lifelong premature ejaculation and no erectile dysfunction. According to statistical analysis, there appeared to be no interaction between this ejaculatory complaint and the prevalence of thyroidal dysfunction. However, further studies are needed to gain more insight into the role of thyroid dysfunction and regulation of ejaculation time. Waldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B, and Schweitzer DH. Thyroid-stimulating hormone assessments in a Dutch cohort of 620 men with lifelong premature ejaculation without erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2005;2:865–870.
The ultimate halo mass in a ΛCDM universe
Authors: Busha Michael T. , Evrard August E. , Adams Fred C. , Wechsler Risa H. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
In the far future of an accelerating ΛCDM cosmology, the cosmic web of large-scale structure consists of a set of increasingly isolated haloes in dynamical equilibrium. We examine the approach of collisionless dark matter to hydrostatic equilibrium using a large N-body simulation evolved to scale factor a= 100, well beyond the vacuum—matter equality epoch, aeq= 0.75, and 53 h−1 Gyr into the future for a concordance model universe (Ωm= 0.3, ΩΛ= 0.7). The radial phase-space structure of haloes — characterized at a≲aeq by a pair of zero-velocity surfaces that bracket a dynamically active accretion region — simplifies at a≳ 10 aeq when these surfaces merge to create a single zero-velocity surface, clearly defining the halo outer boundary, rhalo, and its enclosed mass, Mhalo. This boundary approaches a fixed physical size encompassing a mean interior density ∼5 times the critical density, similar to the turnaround value in a classical Einstein—de Sitter model. We relate Mhalo to other scales currently used to define halo mass (M200, Mvir, M180b) and find that M200 is approximately half of the total asymptotic cluster mass, while M180b follows the evolution of the inner zero-velocity surface for a≲ 2 but becomes much larger than the total bound mass for a≳ 3. The radial density profile of all bound halo material is well fit by a truncated Hernquist profile. An NFW profile provides a somewhat better fit interior to r200 but is much too shallow in the range r200 &lt; r &lt; rhalo.
Dark galaxies or tidal debris? Kinematical clues to the origin of massive isolated H i clouds
Authors: Bekki Kenji , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Kilborn Virginia A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
An extended H i cloud (VIRGOH i 21) with an H i mass of ∼108 M⊙ and no apparent optical counterpart was recently discovered in the Virgo cluster. In order to understand the origin of physical properties of apparently isolated H i clouds like VIRGOH i 21, we numerically investigate physical properties of tidal H i debris that were formed by galaxy—galaxy interactions in clusters of galaxies. Our hydrodynamical simulations demonstrate that tidal debris with total H i masses of 108–109 M⊙ can have (1) a wide spread of H i velocities (&gt;200 km s−1), (2) a small mass fraction of stars (∼10 per cent), and (3) a mean B-band surface brightness of the stellar components fainter than 30 mag arcsec−2. These results suggest that VIRGOH i 21, which lies at a projected distance of ∼150 kpc from the one-armed, H i-rich spiral galaxy M99 (NGC 4254), is tidal debris. We propose that the comparison between the simulated and the observed velocity fields of H i clouds allows us to better understand their nature and origin (e.g. whether they are just tidal debris or are ‘dark galaxies’ that have H i gas only and are embedded within dark matter haloes).
The dependence of the Rossby number and XUV—Lyα emission flux with age for solar-like G-type stars
Authors: Vardavas I. M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Stellar parameters of 11 G-type stars with ages ranging from 0.1 to 8.5 Gyr, from the Sun in Time programme, were used to compute the Rossby number, ℜ, for each star. The Rossby number for each star was calculated from the rotation period and the convective overturn time derived from spectral type (B−V). It was found to vary essentially as t0.5, where t is the stellar age in Gyr. The Rossby number is used as an index of X-ray—ultraviolet (XUV) (1–1200 Å) and Lyα activity, defined as the ratio of the total emission flux in these spectral regions to the total bolometric emission. Expressions for the ratio of the stellar surface XUV and Lyα emission flux relative to present mean solar surface flux values are given in terms of ℜ. It is shown that the observed activity in these stars varies as ℜ−β, where β takes values of 2.5 and 1.5 for XUV and Lyα, respectively. Expressions for deriving the Rossby number from B−V and age are also given. Thus, one can use the stellar B−V and effective temperature variation with age to calculate the XUV and Lyα emission flux relative to present solar values. As an example, the evolution of the solar XUV and Lyα with age from 0.1 to 8.5 Gyr is given. The variation of the stellar ultraviolet flux with age can be used in photochemical models to study the evolution of planetary atmospheres orbiting such stars.