bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
fMRI Responses to Video and Point-Light Displays of Moving Humans and Manipulable Objects
Authors: Beauchamp Michael S. , Lee Kathryn E. , Haxby James V. , Martin Alex 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
We used fMRI to study the organization of brain responses to different types of complex visual motion. In a rapid eventrelated design, subjects viewed video clips of humans performing different whole-body motions, video clips of manmade manipulable objects (tools) moving with their characteristic natural motion, point-light displays of human whole-body motion, and point-light displays of manipulable objects.
The lateral temporal cortex showed strong responses to both moving videos and moving point-light displays, supporting the hypothesis that the lateral temporal cortex is the cortical locus for processing complex visual motion. Within the lateral temporal cortex, we observed segregated responses to different types of motion. The superior temporal sulcus (STS) responded strongly to human videos and human point-light displays, while the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the inferior temporal sulcus responded strongly to tool videos and tool point-light displays.
In the ventral temporal cortex, the lateral fusiform responded more to human videos than to any other stimulus category while the medial fusiform preferred tool videos. The relatively weak responses observed to point-light displays in the ventral temporal cortex suggests that form, color, and texture (present in video but not point-light displays) are the main contributors to ventral temporal activity. In contrast, in the lateral temporal cortex, the MTG responded as strongly to point-light displays as to videos, suggesting that motion is the key determinant of response in the MTG. Whereas the STS responded strongly to point-light displays, it showed an even larger response to video displays, suggesting that the STS integrates form, color, and motion information.
Imagined Viewer and Object Rotations Dissociated with Event-Related fMRI
Authors: Zacks Jeffrey M. , Vettel Jean M. , Michelon Pascale 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Human spatial reasoning may depend in part on two dissociable types of mental image transformations: objectbased transformations, in which an object is imagined to move in space relative to the viewer and the environment, and perspective transformations, in which the viewer imagines the scene from a different vantage point. This study measured local brain activity with event-related fMRI while participants were instructed to either imagine an array of objects rotating (an object-based transformation) or imagine themselves rotating around the array (a perspective transformation). Object-based transformations led to selective increases in right parietal cortex and decreases in left parietal cortex, whereas perspective transformations led to selective increases in left temporal cortex. These results argue against the view that mental image transformations are performed by a unitary neural processing system, and they suggest that different overlapping systems are engaged for different image transformations.
Neural Correlates of Letter-String Length and Lexicality during Reading in a Regular Orthography
Authors: Wydell T. N. , Vuorinen T. , Helenius P. , Salmelin R. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Behavioral studies have shown that short letter strings are read faster than long letter-strings and words are read faster than nonwords. Here, we describe the dynamics of letter-string length and lexicality effects at the cortical level, using magnetoencephalography, during a reading task in Finnish with long (eight-letter) and short (four-letter) word/nonword stimuli. Length effects were observed in two spatially and temporally distinct cortical activations: (1) in the occipital cortex at about 100 msec by the strength of activation, regardless of the lexical status of the stimuli, and (2) in the left superior temporal cortex between 200 and 600 msec by the duration of activation, with words showing a smaller effect than nonwords. A significant lexicality effect was also evident in this later activation, with stronger activation and longer duration for nonwords than words. There seem to be no distinct cortical areas for reading words and nonwords. The early length effect is likely to be due to the low-level visual analysis common to all stimulus letter-strings. The later lexicality and length effects apparently reflect converging lexico-semantic and phonological influences, and are discussed in terms of dual-route and single-route connectionist models of reading.
Effects of Attentional Load on Auditory Scene Analysis
Authors: Alain Claude , Izenberg Aaron 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The effects of attention on the neural processes underlying auditory scene analysis were investigated through the manipulation of auditory task load. Participants were asked to focus their attention on tuned and mistuned stimuli presented to one ear and to ignore similar stimuli presented to the other ear. For both tuned and mistuned sounds, long (standard) and shorter (deviant) duration stimuli were presented in both ears. Auditory task load was manipulated by varying task instructions. In the easier condition, participants were asked to press a button for deviant sounds (target) at the attended location, irrespective of tuning. In the harder condition, participants were further asked to identify whether the targets were tuned or mistuned. Participants were faster in detecting targets defined by duration only than by both duration and tuning. At the unattended location, deviant stimuli generated a mismatch negativity wave at frontocentral sites whose amplitude decreased with increasing task demand. In comparison, standard mistuned stimuli generated an object-related negativity at central sites whose amplitude was not affected by task difficulty. These results show that the processing of sound sequences is differentially affected by attentional load than is the processing of sounds that occur simultaneously (i.e., sequential vs. simultaneous grouping processes), and that they each recruit distinct neural networks.
Coping and Subjective Wellbeing in Women with Multiple Roles
Authors: Rao Kiran , Apte Mridula , Subbakrishna D. K. 
Published: October 2003

Background: Married, working women experience a considerable amount of strain from their multiple roles. At the same time, studies indicate that they enjoy a high level of wellbeing. While the nature of employment and the level of spousal support have been examined in relation to wellbeing, the role of coping styles has not received much attention. Aim: To examine the role of work-related factors, availability of support and coping styles as predictors of wellbeing. Method: Sixty married, working women were individually interviewed with regard to reasons for employment and support availability, and administered the Coping Checklist and Subjective Wellbeing Inventory. Results: On stepwise multiple regression analysis, greater use of social support seeking and less use of denial as coping styles, absence of multiple role strain, working to be financially independent, availability of support and refusal of job promotion were significant predictors of wellbeing. Conclusion: In working women with multiple roles, enhancing problem and emotion focused coping by strengthening the use of the support network is important for wellbeing.
Self-Attention as a Mediator of Cultural Influences on Depression
Authors: Chen Hongtu , Guarnaccia Peter J. , Chung Henry 
Published: October 2003

Background: Despite the widespread recognition of cultural differences in depressive symptoms, it is unclear through what processes culture affects depressive symptoms.Aim: This research aims at examining whether self-attention mediates the influence of acculturation on changes in depressive symptoms in an immigrant group.Method: Adults of Asian cultural backgrounds were surveyed. Depressive symptoms were assessed and divided into three categories: affective, somatic and interpersonal items of depression. Acculturation experiences were measured. Self-attention to three aspects (i.e. affective, somatic and interpersonal) of the self was also assessed.Results: As acculturation proceeds, Asian immigrants tend to pay increasingly more attention to the affective aspect of the self and less to the somatic aspect of the self. The changes in the focus of self-attention seem to explain the changes in the experience of depression that include more affective and less somatic symptoms of depression as the degree of acculturation increases. Conclusion: Self-attention to certain aspects of the self seems to play an important role mediating the influence of acculturation on changes in subcategories of depressive symptoms.
Characteristics of Patients and Patterns of Psychiatric Service Use in Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Commander M. J. , Odell S. M. , Surtees P. G. , Sashidharan S. P. 
Published: October 2003

Background: The differential uptake of psychiatric services by ethnic minorities has been widely reported. Less attention has been given to comparisons of these patients and variations in the types of interventions they receive. Aims: To assess whether for people accessing psychiatric services in the UK, differences exist across ethnic groups both in their sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of mental health care utilisation. Methods: All adults resident in an inner city health district and using psychiatric services during a six-month period were identified. Demographic, clinical and service use data were collected from staff and records. These were compared across black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Irish and white ethnic groups for two broad diagnostic categories: psychotic/bipolar and depressive/neurotic disorders. Results: There were significant differences between ethnic groups on most demographic variables in each of the diagnostic categories. There were variations in the level of contact with different mental health professionals. The only significant difference in the use of specific services was for those with psychotic/bipolar disorders, black Caribbean patients being more likely to be detained in hospital compulsorily. Conclusions: Ethnic diversity both in the characteristics of patients and their patterns of psychiatric care should be addressed when planning and developing services.
Performance Tests for Visual Servo Control Systems, with Application to Partitioned Approaches to Visual Servo Control
Authors: Gans Nicholas R. , Hutchinson Seth A. , Corke Peter I. 
Published: October 2003

Visual servoing has been a viable method of robot manipulator control for more than a decade. Initial developments involved position-based visual servoing (PBVS), in which the control signal exists in Cartesian space. The younger method, image-based visual servoing (IBVS), has seen considerable development in recent years. PBVS and IBVS offer tradeoffs in performance, and neither can solve all tasks that may confront a robot. In response to these issues, several methods have been devised that partition the control scheme, allowing some motions to be performed in the manner of a PBVS system, while the remaining motions are performed using an IBVS approach. To date, there has been little research that explores the relative strengths and weaknesses of these methods. In this paper we present such an evaluation. We have chosen three recent visual servo approaches for evaluation in addition to the traditional PBVS and IBVS approaches. We posit a set of performance metrics that mea sure quantitatively the performance of a visual servo controller for a specific task. We then evaluate each of the candidate visual servo methods for four canonical tasks with simulations and with experiments in a robotic work cell.
The Secular Holy Scriptures
Authors: Neiger Motti , Roeh Itzhak 
Published: October 2003

This article investigates the tension between the sacred and the secular in the modern press, by examining the role of the holiday literary supplements. It analyzed a sample of 1050 supplements, published in seven main newspapers in Israel over a period of 52 years, since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. In addition, a dozen interviews were conducted with present and former editors of the literary supplements. The main argument is that the literary supplements constitute a secular ritual. Speaking broadly we may call these literary supplements `The Secular Holy Scriptures'. This argument stems from the timing of publishing these supplements (every holiday eve); the writers featured (first-rank authors); the themes and subjects dealt with ('festive' and `high culture' topics); and the significance they acquire, over and above the weekday issues and other sections of holiday editions. Although the case study focuses on Israeli daily newspapers, we believe that, with some adjustments, the main arguments can be usefully applied to other cultures as well, to throw light on the role of the media in the creation of modern culture and civil religion.
Assay of Nucleic Acids at the Water/Tetrachloromethane Interface with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide by Total Internal Reflected Resonance Light Scattering
Authors: Pang Xiao Bing , Huang Cheng Zhi , Li Yuan Fang , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In this contribution, nucleic acids, including calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), fish sperm DNA (fsDNA), and yeast RNA (yRNA), have been determined with good selectivity and sensitivity at the water/tetrachloromethane (H2O/CCl4) interface by a total internal reflected resonance light scattering (TIR-RLS) technique. Under optimal conditions, amphiphilic complexes produced by nucleic acids and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) are absorbed at the H2O/CCl4 interface, resulting in a good separation of nucleic acids from the coexisting foreign substances in the aqueous phase and enrichment of nucleic acids at the interface. All of these induce significantly enhanced TIR-RLS signals with the maximum peak located at 370.0 nm at the interface. It was found that the enhanced TIR-RLS intensity is in good proportion to the concentration of nucleic acids in the range of 0.06–2.5, 0.015–3.5, and 0.046–3.5 μg mL−1 for ctDND, fsDNA, and yRNA, respectively, and their limits of detection (3σ) are 6.0 ng mL−1, 1.5 ng mL−1 and 4.6 ng mL−1 correspondingly. Artificial samples with complicated and highly interfering backgrounds were analyzed satisfactorily.
Interaction of Dicationic Bis(imidazoliumyl)porphyrinatometals with DNA
Authors: Yamamoto Tomoko , Tjahjono Daryono Hadi , Yoshioka Naoki , Inoue Hidenari 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A pair of dicationic metalloporphyrins with only two meso-substituents, i.e. copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 5,15-bis(1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin (H2-1), have been synthesized by insertion reaction of the metal ions. Interactions of [5,15-bis(1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrinato]copper(II) (Cu-1) and [5,15-bis(1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrinato]zinc(II) (Zn-1) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and double-helical synthetic polynucleotides ( [poly(dA–dT)]2 and [poly(dG–dC)]2 ) have been studied by melting temperature, viscometric, visible absorption, CD and MCD spectroscopic measurements. The copper(II) complex, Cu-1, intercalates into the base pairs of DNA such as CT-DNA, [poly(dA–dT)]2 and [poly(dG–dC)]2 to stabilize the DNA duplex due to its high affinity for them. In contrast, the zinc(II) complex, Zn-1, binds edge-on to CT-DNA, [poly(dA–dT)]2 and [poly(dG–dC)]2 as an outside binder. The binding constant of Cu-1 to DNA is in the order of 106 M−1 in a phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 25 °C, while that of Zn-1 ranges from 104 to 105 M−1 under the same experimental conditions. The binding of Cu-1 and Zn-1 to DNA is entropically driven, although that of H2-1 is enthalpically driven. As a result, it has been revealed that the kind of central metal ions in dicationic metalloporphyrins influences the binding properties of the dicationic porphyrin to DNA.
Mechanism for Aerobic Oxidation of 3,5-Di-tert-butylcatechol to 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone Catalyzed by Di-μ-hydroxo-dicopper(II) Complexes of Peralkylated Ethylelnediamine Ligands
Authors: Kodera Masahito , Kawata Tomohisa , Kano Koji , Tachi Yoshimitsu , Itoh Shinobu , Kojo Shosuke 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The aerobic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (H2dbc) to the corresponding quinone (dbq), catalyzed by di-μ-hydroxo-dicopper(II) complexes [Cu2(OH)2L2](ClO4)2 [L = N,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda) (1) and N,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine (teeda) (2)], has been spectroscopically and kinetically studied to gain some insight into the reaction mechanisms. The ESR spectra show that catecholato complexes [Cu(dbc)L] [L = tmeda (3) or teeda (4)] are formed upon reactions of 1 or 2 with H2dbc, respectively. The UV–vis and ESI mass spectra show that 3 is converted to a semiquinonato complex [Cu(dbsq)tmeda]+ (5) in the aerobic oxidation, while [Cu(dbsq)teeda]+ (6) is only a minor species. In the presence of acid, 3 and 4 are aerobically oxidized to dbq quantitatively. Kinetic studies show that rate constants for the catalytic aerobic oxidation of H2dbc are proportional to the second or the first order with 1 or 2, respectively, and to the first-order with the O2-partial pressure. Based on these data, different reaction mechanisms are proposed for 1 and 2, and may be caused by the steric hindrances around the copper center of 1 and 2.
Heck Reaction over Pd-Loaded ETS-10 Molecular Sieve
Authors: Waghmode Suresh Babasaheb , Wagholikar Smita Girish , Sivasanker Subramanian 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A palladium-loaded ETS-10 molecular sieve has been used as a catalyst in Heck reaction. The catalyst exhibits high activity and selectivity towards the carbon–carbon coupling of aryl halides with olefins, even at low concentrations of Pd (0.009 to 1.4 mol% with respect to the substrate). In the case of the coupling of ethyl acrylate with iodobenzene, 96% conversion of iodobenzene with greater than 98% selectivity could be obtained within 1 h over a 0.2 wt % Pd-loaded catalyst. The catalyst activates aryl bromide and chloride substrates, and appears to be heterogeneous. The reaction has been investigated with different alkyl halides, olefins and bases.
Synthesis of Dihydropyrrole and Pyrrole Derivatives by Radical Cyclization of γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketone O-Acetyloximes
Authors: Yoshida Masayuki , Kitamura Mitsuru , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Treatment of γ,δ-unsaturated ketone O-acetyloximes with a catalytic amount of 1,5-naphthalenediol or hydroquinone, acetic acid, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene affords various dihydropyrrole and pyrrole derivatives via radical cyclization induced by one-electron reduction of the oximes.
Intramolecular Substitution Reaction of Lithium Alkylidene Carbenoids. Regioselective Synthesis of Indenes
Authors: Yanagisawa Hideyuki , Miura Kasei , Kitamura Mitsuru , Narasaka Koichi , Ando Kaori 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
When 4,4-dibromo-3-alkenols are treated with butyllithium, an intramolecular substitution reaction with alkoxide moiety occurs at the lithium alkylidene carbenoid center to give dihydrofurans. The reaction mechanism of this intramolecular substitution reaction is studied by B3LYP density functional calculations with the 6-31+G(d) basis set, and the substitution is found to proceed in a concerted manner. This substitution reaction is applied to the regioselective preparation of indene derivatives. That is, treatment of 3-(o-bromophenyl)-1,1-dibromopropene derivatives 23 with butyllithium results in the formation of intramolecular substitution intermediates, 3-indenyllithiums D, which are trapped with electrophiles to afford substituted indenes regioselectively.
A Facile Preparation and Properties of (2E,4E,6E,8E)-1-(3-Guaiazulenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ylium Hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Nakamura Masaru , Sasaki Masato , Takekuma Hideko , Minematsu Toshie , Takekuma Shin-ichi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Reactions of guaiazulene (1) with all-trans- and 13-cis-retinals (2a and 2b) in methanol in the presence of hexafluorophosphoric acid at −10 °C for 1 h afforded the title monocarbocation compound 3 in 87–91% yield, respectively.
Modafinil for Remitted Bipolar Depression with Hypersomnia
Authors: Fernandes Praveen P , Petty Frederick 
Published: October 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of bipolar disorder with recent depression in remission with prominent residual hypersomnia, responding well to the addition of the psychostimulant modafinil. CASE SUMMARIES: Two patients with bipolar disorder with recent depressive episodes in remission are presented. Despite the absence of prominent depressive symptoms, both patients had significant hypersomnia, with scores ranging from 15 to 20 (maximum 24) on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The addition of modafinil to their medication regimen resulted in a decrease in hypersomnia and improvement in their level of functioning. DISCUSSION: This is the first report (MEDLINE search, October 7, 2003) demonstrating the use of modafinil in the treatment of hypersomnia in bipolar disorder while mood symptoms were in remission. Hypersomnia frequently occurs in depressive episodes and can be disabling when severe. The patients had optimal mood stabilization with mood stabilizers and antidepressants, but continued to experience excessive daytime sleepiness. Conventional stimulants were not considered because of the risk of triggering mania. The addition of the selective psychostimulant modafinil resulted in significant improvement in the hypersomnia, with improvement in functioning. No adverse effects or mood changes were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Modafinil may be a well-tolerated and effective alternative to conventional stimulants in the treatment of hypersomnia, especially in bipolar disorder, where there is considerable risk of switch to mania with stimulant medications. Modafinil may be useful even when depressive symptoms are not prominent.
Effect of modified layered silicates and compatibilizer on properties of PMP/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Wanjale Santosh D. , Jog J.P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe preparation and properties of poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) (PMP)/clay nano‐composites are described for the first time. The effect of clay modification and compatibilizer on the formation and properties of the nanocomposites is studied. Layered silicates modified with two types of quaternary ammonium salts are used. The X‐ray diffraction results indicate intercalation of the polymer into the intergallery spacing of the clay. Thermogravimetric analysis shows a delay in the degradation process. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows an increase in the storage modulus for the nanocomposites. The use of compatibilizer containing maleic anhydride and acrylic ester groups is explored. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3233–3238, 2003
Preparation of new polymers from heterocyclic compounds and reactive solvents of melamine
Authors: Lubczak Jacek , Lubczak Renata , Zarzyka‐Niemiec Iwona 
Published: October 2003

AbstractReactive solvents were obtained from reactions of acetone with formaldehyde. They were used for the dissolution of some heterocyclic compounds. When the dissolution of the obtained compounds was not possible, the structures of these compounds were modified to increase their solubility. The oligomers cured at 80–120°C in the presence of an acidic catalyst. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3390–3401, 2003