bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do evidence-based secondary journals tell us about the publication of clinically important articles in primary healthcare journals?
Authors: McKibbon Kathleen Ann , Wilczynski Nancy L , Haynes Robert Brian 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
We conducted this analysis to determine i) which journals publish high-quality, clinically relevant studies in internal medicine, general/family practice, general practice nursing, and mental health; and ii) the proportion of clinically relevant articles in each journal.

Methods
We performed an analytic survey of a hand search of 170 general medicine, general healthcare, and specialty journals for 2000. Research staff assessed individual articles by using explicit criteria for scientific merit for healthcare application. Practitioners assessed the clinical importance of these articles. Outcome measures were the number of high-quality, clinically relevant studies published in the 170 journal titles and how many of these were published in each of four discipline-specific, secondary "evidence-based" journals (ACP Journal Club for internal medicine and its subspecialties; Evidence-Based Medicine for general/family practice; Evidence-Based Nursing for general practice nursing; and Evidence-Based Mental Health for all aspects of mental health). Original studies and review articles were classified for purpose: therapy and prevention, screening and diagnosis, prognosis, etiology and harm, economics and cost, clinical prediction guides, and qualitative studies.

Results
We evaluated 60,352 articles from 170 journal titles. The pass criteria of high-quality methods and clinically relevant material were met by 3059 original articles and 1073 review articles. For ACP Journal Club (internal medicine), four titles supplied 56.5% of the articles and 27 titles supplied the other 43.5%. For Evidence-Based Medicine (general/family practice), five titles supplied 50.7% of the articles and 40 titles supplied the remaining 49.3%. For Evidence-Based Nursing (general practice nursing), seven titles supplied 51.0% of the articles and 34 additional titles supplied 49.0%. For Evidence-Based Mental Health (mental health), nine titles supplied 53.2% of the articles and 34 additional titles supplied 46.8%. For the disciplines of internal medicine, general/family practice, and mental health (but not general practice nursing), the number of clinically important articles was correlated withScience Citation Index (SCI) Impact Factors.

Conclusions
Although many clinical journals publish high-quality, clinically relevant and important original studies and systematic reviews, the articles for each discipline studied were concentrated in a small subset of journals. This subset varied according to healthcare discipline; however, many of the important articles for all disciplines in this study were published in broad-based healthcare journals rather than subspecialty or discipline-specific journals.
Ambulatory chemotherapy: pharmaceutical care as a part of oncology service
Authors: Höckel Michael 
Published: September 2004

Cancer patients and the application of pharmaceutical care: 1) Patients with chronic illnesses receive multiple benefits from pharmaceutical care. 2) The pharmaceutical care of the cancer patient must be co-ordinated with the physician. 3) The cancer care-providing pharmacist should acquire psychological competency. 4) The pharmacist sets up and maintains for the patient a drug therapy record and a drug application plan. Cancer patients require our attention and our professional knowledge in many respects. On the one hand, there is the centralized aseptic preparation of chemotherapy drugs with respective individual requirements, on the other hand there is the monitoring of therapy, pharmacoeconomics, reducing the risk of chemotherapy errors and safe drug handling. All of these require our professional commitment. In order to provide care to cancer patients in community pharmacies, it is essential to establish a structural procedure. Individualized counselling and personal care of the patient is a part of pharmaceutical services. Development of a constructive and relevant relationship between patient and pharmacist must be cultivated and begins with the issue of the first prescription. Possibly the patient could still frequent his regular pharmacy and use the special pharmacy only for oncology therapy. In the near future, with patient authorization, an exchange of medication-related data between hospital and community pharmacy will also be possible. We consider a possible German concept for oncology out-patients.
Assimilation of Meteosat radiance data within the 4D‐Var system at ECMWF: Assimilation experiments and forecast impact
Authors: Köpken Christina , Kelly Graeme , Thépaut Jean‐Noël 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe direct assimilation of water vapour (WV) clear‐sky radiances (CSRs) from geostationary satellites within the ECMWF four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var) became operational on 9 April 2002 with the assimilation of radiances from Meteosat‐7. To extend the coverage provided by geostationary radiances, the derivation of a similar CSR product from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites GOES‐W and GOES‐E was initiated and since 14 January 2003 these data have been operationally assimilated as well. This paper discusses results from the pre‐operational impact experiments using Meteosat‐7 and the subsequent operational implementation of the WV radiance assimilation. The pre‐operational data monitoring of the CSRs shows contamination of certain time slots caused by intruding solar stray light and a certain degree of cloud influence present in the CSR. Data quality control is introduced to exclude affected data. When assimilated, the Meteosat WV CSRs correct the upper‐tropospheric humidity field in areas of known model problems. While the analysis draws well to Meteosat data, the fit to other conventional observations does not degrade, and the fit to other satellite observations is noticeably improved. This is visible in statistics for the assimilated HIRS‐12 as well as for passive Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSUB) radiances, both in the pre‐operational experiments and in the operational assimilation cycle. The impact on forecast quality is slightly positive to neutral for different areas of the globe. In some experiments a positive impact on upper‐level wind fields (around 200 hPa) is seen, especially in the tropics. A relatively large sensitivity is noted of the mean increments and also forecast scores to the bias correction. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Speciation of Cr and As Leachates from CCA Treated Wood by Differential Pulse Polarography
Authors: Hingston J. A. , Moore J. , Murphy R. J. , Lester J. N. , Collins C. D. 
Published: September 2004

Summary
Considerable research has been conducted to quantify the leaching rates of chromium and arsenic
from timbers treated with the traditional wood preservative, CCA. However, much of this work
has concentrated on measuring total metal concentrations. The environmental toxicity of these elements
is significantly affected by their oxidation state. Therefore, quantification of individual
metal species is considered important if the environmental effects of wood preservative leachates
are to be determined. Laboratory leaching tests were conducted to allow speciation of both
chromium and arsenic lost from CCA treated timbers exposed to artificial seawater for the first
time. Differential pulse polarography was used to measure concentrations of As(III), Cr(VI) and
Cr(III). Analysis indicated that less than 10% of the total As was leached as As(III), and that less
than 1% of the total Cr was leached as Cr(VI).
Comparative analysis of inactivated wood surfaces
Authors: Šernek M. , Kamke F. A. , Glasser W. G. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
The surface inactivation of two wood species, yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and southern pine (Pinus taeda), was studied following high temperature drying. Surface analysis involved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, sessile drop wettability and fracture mechanics of the adhesively-jointed surfaces. The results showed that wood drying at high temperature (i.e., >160 to 180 °C) caused modifications in surface composition. The oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) decreased and the ratio of carbon atoms bonded to other carbon or to hydrogen atoms vis-à-vis carbons bonded to oxygen atoms (i.e., the C1/C2 ratio) increased with drying temperature. In addition, the contact angle increased with the temperature of exposure, but decreased with time. A dependence on wood species was evident: southern pine surfaces always exhibited higher contact angles than yellow poplar. Also, the rate of contact angle decline with time, dθ/dt, was found to vary with surface composition: this rate corresponded to O/C ratio-changes, especially in the case of southern pine. Southern pine was most susceptible to inactivation particularly when bonded with PF adhesive. Yellow poplar surfaces did not show significant inactivation when exposed to drying temperatures below ca. 180 °C. The results are explained by a relative enrichment of wood surfaces with non-polar substances, hydrophobic extractives and volatile organic compounds that 'become visually evident during the drying process at temperatures above ca. 160 °C. Little change was observed if drying temperatures remained below 150 °C.
Reaction kinetics of multiphase polymer systems under flow
Authors: Feng Lian‐Fang , Hu Guo‐Hua 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor given nominal molar concentrations in complementary functional groups, the common wisdom is that the reaction rate of those attached to large molecules does not exceed that of small molecule analogues. They are at best equal. The difference in reaction kinetics is more pronounced if reactive molecules are so large that they phase‐separate, which is often so for polymers. In such cases, complementary functional groups from the two phases can meet and react only at the interfaces. Thus, reaction kinetics of functional groups attached to small molecules has always been taken as the upper bound for those attached to polymers. Here we show that under sufficient mixing, reaction kinetics of two immiscible reactive polymers can be significantly higher than that of small molecule analogues. This phenomenon is attributed to the combined effects of increasing collision probability originated from mixing‐induced interfacial area generation, longer relaxation time of reactive polymer chains, and eventually interfacial slip. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:2604–2612, 2004
A stop codon mutation in COL11A2 induces exon skipping and leads to non‐ocular Stickler syndrome
Authors: Vuoristo Mirka Marjanna , Pappas John Georgios , Jansen Valerie , Ala‐Kokko Leena 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMutations in COL11A2 cause a spectrum of phenotypes affecting chondrogenic tissues. We analyzed this gene by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and sequencing in a family with non‐ocular Stickler syndrome, and found a heterozygous C → T mutation in exon 57 + 13 in affected members, resulting in Arg893Stop codon. Since heterozygous nonsense mutations in COL11A2 do not usually lead to any obvious phenotype, all exons and exon boundaries of COL11A2 in the sample of the propositus were sequenced. Because no disease‐associated alterations were found, we performed RT‐PCR analysis on the RNA. Analysis showed skipping of exon 57 in one allele, resulting in an inframe deletion of 54 bp or 18 amino acids, which would explain the phenotype observed in the family. Thus, the exon skipping resulted from a nonsense‐associated altered splicing (NAS). This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148‐7299/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A newly recognized skeletal dysplasia with rhizomelic limbs and retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Mégarbané André , Melick Nancy , Daou Linda 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA girl with severe pre‐ and post‐natal short stature, low‐pitched voice, retinitis pigmentosa, photophobia, short neck, broad thorax, platyspondyly, rhizomelic shortening of the long bones, bilateral subluxation of the hips, advanced maturation of the epiphyses, and apparently normal intellectual development is described. The girl's parents are first cousins. Two subsequent pregnancies had ended in spontaneous abortion with polyhydramnios and severe growth retardation. To the best of our knowledge, this association had not been previously reported, and may be considered a newly recognized syndrome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The KBG syndrome: Confirmation of autosomal dominant inheritance and further delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Tekin Mustafa , Kavaz Aslı , Berberoğlu Merih , Fitoz Suat , Ekim Mesiha , Öcal Gönül , Akar Nejat 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on a Turkish family in which the father and his two sons were diagnosed as having the KBG syndrome. Large upper central incisors were the diagnostic finding in all three patients along with mental retardation, cryptorchidism, skeletal abnormalities, and short stature. Our report clearly confirms that the inheritance is autosomal dominant in KBG syndrome, although a high male to female ratio has been observed in published cases. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The first Finnish patient with the Floating‐Harbor syndrome: The follow‐up of eight years
Authors: Ala‐Mello Sirpa , Peippo Maarit 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report the follow‐up data on the first Finnish patient with the Floating‐Harbor syndrome (FHS) reported by us in 1996 at the age of 6 years (Ala‐Mello and Peippo [1996: Clin Dysmorphol 5:85–88]). We also discuss the diagnostic criteria of FHS, with a critical review of the literature. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Septo‐optic dysplasia with digital anomalies—a recurrent pattern syndrome
Authors: Harrison Iain M. , Brosnahan Donal , Phelan Ethna , Fitzgerald Ray J. , Reardon William 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA distinct form of septo‐optic dysplasia (SOD) comprises limb malformations in addition to the characteristic CNS and ocular abnormalities. To date, there have been 4 reports, citing 5 affected patients with this combined phenotype. We now add a further case and present neuroradiological images of the CNS findings in this condition. The striking consistency of the limb malformations and their overlap with the Streeter's band phenotype is emphasized. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐species amplification of human microsatellite markers using noninvasive samples from white‐handed gibbons (Hylobates lar)
Authors: Chambers Karen E. , Reichard Ulrich H. , Möller Asja , Nowak Katrin , Vigilant Linda 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAnalysis of the population genetic structure and reproductive strategies of various primate species has been facilitated by cross‐species amplification (i.e., the use of microsatellite markers developed in one species for analysis of another). In this study we screened 47 human‐derived markers to assess their utility in the white‐handed gibbon (Hylobates lar). Only eight produced accurate, reliable results, and exhibited levels of polymorphism that were adequate for individual identification. This low success rate was surprising given that human microsatellite markers typically work well in species (such as macaques) that are evolutionarily more distant from humans than are gibbons. In addition, we experienced limited success in using a set of microsatellite markers that have been reported to be useful in the closely‐related H. muelleri, and applying our set of microsatellite markers to samples obtained from one H. pileatus individual. Our results emphasize the importance of extensively screening potential markers in representatives of the population of interest. Am. J. Primatol. 64:19–27, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐sectional growth of pastoralist Karimojong and Turkana children
Authors: Gray Sandra J. , Wiebusch Brandi , Akol Helen A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this study, we compare cross‐sectional growth in two Nilotic pastoralist populations, the Turkana and Karimojong of northern East Africa. Until the middle of the 18th century, these two groups constituted one population, and their genetic affinities consequently are assumed to be strong. Known differences in their subsistence practices as well as their recent cultural history allow us to consider the genetic vs. environmental determinants of their growth patterns. Growth in stature of the two groups is remarkably similar, whereas the pattern of ponderal growth varies, particularly in infancy and adolescence. Both groups demonstrate the linear adult physique that is characteristic of savanna‐dwelling peoples in East Africa, but the Karimojong are heavier and fatter after early childhood. Linearity of physique is related to narrow skeletal breadth, a trait that emerges early in childhood among the Karimojong and is strongly correlated with weight: this finding supports the climatic hypothesis of human body shape and size. Extreme leanness, determined from body mass index, is correlated with fat stores, which are only weakly correlated with weight, height, or skeletal breadth. Linearity of physique appears to have a substantial genetic component, whereas fatness is hypothesized to relate to differences in subsistence strategies and exposure to environmental and cultural stress. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grafting of natural rubber for preparation of natural rubber/unsaturated polyester resin miscible blends
Authors: Chuayjuljit S. , Siridamrong P. , Pimpan V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGraft copolymers of natural rubber and polystyrene were synthesized by free‐radical grafting of styrene monomer onto natural rubber in latex form. The obtained graft copolymers and unsaturated polyester (UPE) resin were mixed and cast at room temperature using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as an initiator and Co‐octoate as an accelerator. The samples prepared from ungrafted natural rubbers exhibited the aggregation of the rubber component, whereas the samples prepared from grafted natural rubbers showed good dispersion of the rubber component in a glassy matrix of UPE resin. It was found that the amount of polystyrene grafted onto natural rubber and the graft copolymer content in polymer blend significantly affect the mechanical properties of the blend samples. An increase in the amount of hard and brittle polystyrene in glassy matrix of UPE resin overshadowed the impact‐absorbing ability of the rubber component, causing the impact strength of the blend samples to be lower than that of pure UPE resin. On the other hand, an increase in easily elongated uncrosslinked rubber molecules, as the graft copolymer content in blend samples increased, resulted in a decrease in their flexural strength. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1496–1503, 2004
Mechanical properties of glass fiber and liquid crystalline polymer reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites toughened with elastomers
Authors: Tjong S. C. , Xu S. A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA group of short glass fiber (SGF) and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) reinforced polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites and toughened with maleic anhydride (MA)‐grafted styrene–ethylene butylene–styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) elastomers with controlled morphology were designed and injection molded. MA was also grafted to PP (PP‐g‐MA) in which the mPP blend was prepared by compounding 95% PP and 5% PP‐g‐MA. The matrix of hybrid composites consisted of 80/20 (wt %) mPP/SEBS‐g‐MA. The fibrillation of LCP minor phase depended on the injection‐molded temperatures. The effects of LCP and SGF hybridization on the morphology and mechanical characteristics of quaternary hybrid composites were studied. Tensile measurements showed that hybridization of SGF and LCP fibrils were beneficial in improving the tensile strength and stiffness of hybrid composites prepared at 265 and 285°C. This was attributed to the fact that LCP minor phase can deform into fine and long fibrils at these temperatures. However, LCP minor phase was deformed to nonuniform ellipsoids at 220°C, leading to poorer mechanical performance of the hybrid composites. The correlation between the processing temperature and compatibilizer with the structure–mechanical property of hybrid composites is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1539–1546, 2004
Non‐thiol Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Utilization of the Far Aryl Binding Site by 5‐Cinnamoylaminobenzophenones
Authors: Mitsch Andreas , Wißner Pia , Böhm Markus , Silber Katrin , Klebe Gerhard , Sattler Isabel , Schlitzer Martin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe recently described two novel aryl binding sites of farnesyltransferase. In this study, the cinnamoyl residue was designed as an appropriate substituent for our benzophenone‐based AAX‐peptidomimetic compound capable of occupying the far aryl binding site.
Evidence for coxsackievirus infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Triantafyllopoulou Antigoni , Tapinos Nikos , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectivePrimary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by activation of minor salivary gland (MSG) epithelial cells and B and T lymphocytic infiltrates. These findings have long encouraged the hypothesis that a persistent viral infection of the MSG epithelial cells may drive the autoimmune response; however, the identity of that virus has remained elusive. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis.MethodsWe applied the differential display protocol to MSG RNA samples from patients with primary SS and healthy controls. We then used seminested reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction to amplify the 5′‐noncoding region (5′‐NCR) of the enteroviral genome in 8 patients with primary SS, 9 patients with secondary SS, and 8 control subjects. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of the VP1 enteroviral capsid protein in MSG biopsy samples from 12 patients with primary SS, 8 patients with secondary SS, and 16 controls.ResultsDifferential display analysis yielded a 94‐bp fragment of coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) P2A gene in the primary SS samples. The 5′‐NCR was amplified in 7 samples from patients with primary SS and in no samples from patients with secondary SS or controls. The 7 amplified products were sequenced; 4 of the sequences were found to be 98–99% identical to the 5′‐ NCR of CVB4, and 3 were found to be 97–98% identical to the 5′‐NCR of CVA13. Immunohistochemistry for the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 revealed positive staining in epithelial cells and lymphocytic infiltrates in 11 primary SS samples, 1 secondary SS sample, and no control samples.ConclusionWe provide evidence that primary SS may be associated with coxsackievirus infection of the MSG epithelial cells and focal lymphocytic infiltrates. Our findings are formulated in a hypothesis concerning the possible role of coxsackieviruses in the induction and maintenance of autoimmunity in primary SS.