bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Algorithmic Decision Making into Small Business Credit Initiatives: a path to Enhanced Efficiency and Inclusive Economic Growth
Authors: Mendhe Vikas , Neema Shantanu , Mittal Shobhit 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This paper addresses the challenges faced by small businesses in accessing credit through Small Business Credit Initiatives (SBCI) in the United States. Despite the success of SBCI in creating jobs and fostering economic growth, there are limitations in the evaluation process.
Methodology: The research design integrates advanced algorithmic decision-making, machine learning, and LLMs into existing credit evaluation process. Primary data is collected from various sources, including financial and business history, market sentiments, external factors, and utilization of sampling techniques if required. Document review, surveys and digital platforms are used for collecting data for LLMs to extract insightful information from complex sources. This comprehensive approach, combining with traditional and innovative methods, aims to establish a robust foundation for developing and evaluating a fair, efficient, and adaptive credit evaluation system for small business credit initiatives.
Findings: The proposed framework integrates external market factors and use of LLMs for document review on top of primary data sources currently in adaption. Data processing could be amended by extracting features by using advanced natural language processing to enhance feature space by collecting valuable information which is expected to enhance predictive power, adjustment of thresholds and decision making along with a feedback loop.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: Unique framework to accelerate small business credit initiatives by developing a new process of selecting and evaluating machine learning model centered on addressing associated risks, adapting to changes in government policy, improving current procedures, and incorporating feedback from stakeholders and applicants. This is done in an organized manner, with a focus on monitoring and maintaining algorithmic decision models.
A new public key cryptosystem based on the non-commutative ring R
Authors: Selikh Bilel , Chillali Abdelhakim , Mihoubi Douadi , Ghadbane Nacer 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we present a new public cryptosystem based on one of the most problems (word problem, solving a non-linear system problem, integer factorization problem and discrete logarithm problem,...) is the conjugal classical problem (CCP) over a non commutative ring. In generally this cryptosystem is very difficult to solve for decipher. Firstly, by using the elliptic curve over the finite ring Fq[e], where e4 = e3, with q = pd and p is prime number greater than or equal to 5, d ϵ ℕ* [12] we define the non-commutative ring R. Secondly, by using the protocol of Diffie-Hellman [4] we have proposed a novel encryption scheme on R and we study the problem CCP over it. Precisely, we will make a new fully homomorphic encryption scheme over the ring R based on the two difficult problems; conjugal classical problem and discrete logarithm problem.
Xenobiotic Bioconcentration in Terrestrial Oligochaetes to Evaluate Soil Quality
Authors: Aja M , Jaya M , Prasanth C B , Santhosh P P , Brinesh R , Raji R 
Published: January 2024

Excessive use of pesticides, heavy metals, and detergents may have negative effects on non-target organisms in soil and water and may seriously harm ecosystems. A total of 181 earthworm specimens from various habitats were gathered from three separate locations, namely the Anthikkad and Chalakudi locality in the Thrissur district and the Meenangadi locality in Wayanad. We were able to identify four different earthworm species which belonged to two distinct families and four different genera. Thereafter from this study it was clear that the Density of different species of earthworm (P. sansibaricus and L. mauritii) collected from study areas are same. Pb was found to be undetectable in earthworm samples from study sites out of the four pollutants evaluated. Earthworm samples from Anthikkad and Meenangadi sites had the greatest levels of the heavy element Zn. Of the 32 pesticides tested, 4 organochlorine pesticides and 4 organophosphorus pesticides were found to be at in samples collected from two different districts. By statistical analysis it was concluded that soil samples from all the sites (As, Cs & Ms) were homogeneous. It is not essential to be exposed to a large concentration of xenobiotics for the bodily tissues to become toxic; by extending the exposure period, the concentration can rise to dangerous levels. One more sensitive and early-warning biomarker of ecosystem health is the observation of earthworm immunological capability.
Chromosomal Studies on Some Aphid Species from the Shimla Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumari Meena , Sanaik Parul , Kumari Sarita 
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the chromosomal analysis of three aphid species collected from orchards of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, belonging to the following two subfamilies: Aphidinae and Calaphidinae. Chromosomal studies revealed the highest reported diploid number (2n) as 12 in Myzus persicae collected from the Apricot plant, and the lowest reported diploid number (2n) as 8 in Aphis craccivora and Chromaphis juglandicola infesting Apple and Walnut plant respectively. For, the construction of karyotypes and idiograms, detailed information regarding the mean actual length, total complement length, and relative lengths of chromosomes was calculated by using a scale and ocular micrometer. The karyotypes show a gradual decrease in the lengths of the chromosomes.
Diurnal Activity Patterns of Burchelli Zebra (Equus burchelli) in Captivity at Zoological Garden, Alipore, Kolkata, India
Authors: Das Dr Mousumi , Ahmed Roshni 
Published: January 2024

A study was conducted on the diurnal behavioural pattern and activity time budget of a captive female burchelli zebra (Equus burchelli) in the Zoological Garden, Alipore, West Bengal, India, from 10.00 to 17.00 h between October 2022 to June 2023including winter and summer seasons by using focal sampling method with 25,200 minutes of observations. Data were analyzed by assessing mean time spent percentage for different activities in different hours and different seasons. Differences in the seasonal and hourly time budget were tested using one-way ANOVA, followed by DMRT. Grazing was dominant with significantly (P<0.05; DMRT) maximum time spent, followed by standing, feeding of offered feed, resting and then locomotion during both the seasons. Between seasons, significantly higher (P<0.05; DMRT) grazing (32.72%±0.92), walking (7.58%±0.77) and sleeping (7.18%±0.24) behaviours were observed during summer, while the other activities during the winter. During summer, from 12:00-13:00 h, grazing was the lowest, while resting was most. During winter, resting was more in the 1st hour of observation. The zebra devoted 2.12% to 2.21% of their time towards vigilance behaviour which was with higher rate during winter. This individual-based behavioural study on captive zebra will be useful for taking a well comprehensive management plan to ensure its successful in-situ conservation as well as its welfare.
Information on the Reproductive Cycle of Costatela acuta (Draparuand, 1805)
Authors: Ruzikulova N A 
Published: January 2024

The article presents information on the reproduction cycle of Costatela acuta (Draparuand, 1805) from aquatic molluscs. It is common species in the study area. It starts breeding in April. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, it has 3-4 generations. At the water temperature of 18-220°C, embryo development lasts 10-15 days.
1-Deoxynojirimycin Mitigates Glycogen and Carbohydrate Metabolic Enzyme Alterations in High Glucose-Induced Diabetic Tilapia: Implications for Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Latha Raja , Banu Gani Sharmila 
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the effects of 1- deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on blood glucose levels, body weight changes, glycogen levels, and carbohydrate marker enzyme activity in a high glucose-induced experimental diabetic tilapia model. We utilized spectrophotometry assay methods to achieve this objective. DNJ treatment significantly reduced blood glucose and mitigated body weight loss compared to the diabetic control group. Furthermore, DNJ treatment increased glycogen levels in liver and muscle tissues, suggesting its potential to enhance glycogen synthesis or reduce glycogen breakdown. DNJ treatment also modulated the activity of carbohydrate marker enzymes, indicating its possible inhibitory effect on enzymes involved in carbohydrate absorption and breakdown, which in turn may improve glucose homeostasis and control. The results of this study highlight DNJ's potential as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis, as well as its ability to influence body weight changes in diabetic conditions. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on DNJ as a potential therapeutic agent for illnesses linked to glycogen and underscore its therapeutic potential for future treatments targeting glucose metabolism, glycemic control, and weight management.
Cultivation of Pineapple Plants (Ananascomosus (L.) Merr) in Switzerland
Authors: Singh Rishan 
Published: January 2024

The climatic conditions Switzerland are unfavourable for cultivating pineapple plants. This is realised by pineapple plants requiring tropical temperatures to thrive and produce healthy fruits. In the agricultural sphere, pineapple plants can be propagated if the conditions for cultivation are favourable. However, in Switzerland, the cold climate has made the cultivation of Ananascomosus (L.) Merr. very difficult. It is only through human ingenuity that the cultivation of this plant has seen success in climates that would otherwise hinder the production of healthy pineapple fruits, like in Switzerland. This article will address many aspects regarding, and negating, to Ananascomosus (L.) Merr cultivation in Switzerland.
Removal of Phenol from Waste Water Using Various Agricultural Waste Adsorbents
Authors: Kumari Anamika , Yadav Meenakshi , Kumar Navneet 
Published: January 2024

Phenolic compounds are categorised as hazardous pollutants that contaminant groundwater. The principal objective of this article was to organising effective adsorbents for the removal of phenol and it’s derivative. In this review article, a compelling amount of published paper were consulted in order to provide information about various agricultural waste adsorbents. Agricultural waste adsorbents have been modified by thermal and chemical process to enhance the surface area properties. This article has suggested that increasing the adsorbent dosage increases the adsorption capacity. The pH, adsorption capacity, reduction efficiency and temperature have been investigated for various adsorbents in this article. This study proved that agricultural waste adsorbents are effective in removal of phenol from waste water.
Electronic Conductance of Nano Composite Polymer Single Walled Nanotube with Spin Spray Variant
Authors: Anand Animesh , Kumar Nabin 
Published: January 2024

We have studied electronic conductance of nano composite polymer single walled nanotube with spin spray variant by using layer by layer technique. The study showed that there existed a critical number of polyelectrolyte bilayer below which the electronic conductance of the material was negligible. The sheet conductance increased above the critical value. This indicated that the material conductivity was controlled by the formation of a percolating network of highly conducting nanotubes in an insulating polymetric matrix. We have presented the dependence of junction resistance on the layer separation leaded to the logarithmic behavior. The quasi two dimensional model treated the nanotube as infinitely conducting rods with resistive junctions. A junction was formed when projections of two nanotubes on the plane of the material intersect. The junction resistance increased with inter layer separation. The results found were compared with previous results and were found in good agreement
Non Linear Interactions between Two Mechanical Resonances of Suspended Carbon Nanotube Resonator
Authors: Kumari Shikha , Kumar Nabin 
Published: January 2024

We have studied the nonlinear interaction between two different eigen modes in suspended carbon nanotube resonators. It was found that the mode coupling in suspended carbon nanotubes was dominated by single electron-tunneling process. For suspended carbon nanotube resonator at low temperatures using quantum dot embedded in the nanotube as detector, the interaction was found between two different eigen modes. For nanotube resonators in the coulomb blockade regime the nonlinear modal interaction was dominated by single electron tunneling as opposed to displacement induced tension. A strongly enhanced mode coupling was observed in the coulomb blockade regime which was of the order of magnitude larger than in conventional micro resonators. The obtained results found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
Asymmetric Transmission in Diffractive Chiral Metasurfaces Consisting of Nanoantennas
Authors: Krishana Shivam , Kumar Nabin 
Published: January 2024

We have studied the asymmetric transmission in diffractive chiral metasurfaces consisting of nanoantennas. The study was made of lattice plasmon modes on the phenomenon of asymmetric transmission in chiral two dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that asymmetric transmission resulted from contribution of higher order diffracted waves. It was shown that the isolated nanostructures has a fourfold rotational symmetry, the diffractive metasurfaces exhibited asymmetric transmission for normal incidence light within spectral range for which lattice plasmon modes were supported. It was found that lattice plasmon modes played role in enabling symmetric transmission in diffractive chiral metasurfaces. The symmetric transmission mechanism is due to different lattice plasmon mode excitation efficiencies of left circularly polarized and right circularly polarized and right circularly polarized light. The excitation efficiencies are controlled by tailoring the nano particles in plan distribution of scattered light for circularly polarized excitation and its alignment with the inplane diffraction orders of the metasurfaces. The phenomenon for a metasurface composed of an array of a chiral nanoparticles consisting of four nanoantennas. It was shown that the Rayleigh anomaly condition where the asymmetric transmission effect was strongest and metasurfaces supported lattice plasmon modes. It was found that the difference in the inplane scattered intensity varied as a function of the inplane angle around the nanostructure, rotating the nanostructure in the plane of the metasurface. The obtained results found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
Differential Calculus: a gross error in mathematics ∗
Authors: Kalanov Temur Z 
Published: January 2024

A detailed proof of the incorrectness of the foundations of the differential calculus is proposed. The correct methodological basis for the proof is the unity of formal logic and rational dialectics. The proof leads to the following irrefutable statement: differential calculus represents a gross error in mathematics and physics. The proof of this statement is based on the following irrefutable results: (1) the standard theory of infinitesimals and the theory of limits underlying the differential calculus are gross errors. The main error is that infinitesimal (infinitely decreasing) quantities do not take on numerical values in the process of tending to zero. The number “zero” is not a permissible value of infinitesimal quantity. The concepts of “infinitesimal quantity”, “movement”, “process of tendency”, and “limit of tendency” are meaningless concepts in mathematics: they are not mathematical concepts because the mathematical formalism does not contain movement (process); (2) the concepts of “increment of argument” and “increment of function” are the starting point of the differential calculus. The gross error is that the increment of argument is not defined. An indefinite (undefined, uncertain, ambiguous, undetermined) increment of an argument is a meaningless quantity (concept); (3) the definition of the derivative of a function is a gross error. The derivative is the limit of the ratio of the function increment to the argument increment under the following conditions: (a) the argument increment is not equal to zero; (b) the increment of the argument tends to zero and reaches the value “zero”. In this case, the following logical contradiction arises: the increment of the argument is both not equal to zero and equal to zero; (4) the differentials of the argument and the function - as infinitesimal quantities - do not take on numerical values. This means that the differentials of quantities have neither quantitative nor qualitative determinacy. In this case, the differentials of quantities are meaningless symbols. The geometric and physical interpretations of the derivative are a gross error; (5) the definition of the total differential of a function of two (many) variables is a gross error because the definition contains a formal-logical contradiction, i.e. the definition as the sum of partial differentials does not satisfy the formal-logical law of the lack (absence) of contradiction; (6) the theory of proportions completely refutes the theory of differential calculus. Thus, differential calculus does not satisfy the criterion of truth and is not correct scien tific (mathematical) theory.
Geomorphology and Morphometry of the Uttar Mand River Basin, Satara District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Gaikwad M R , Kulkarni D D 
Published: January 2024

In the present investigation various morphometric parameters of the Uttar Mand river basin are outlined. The Survey of India Toposheet numbers 47 G/15, 47 K/3 on the scale of 1: 50,000 were used for the present study. Stream ordering method as suggested by the Strahler has been employed. According to morphometric analysis of the Uttar Mand river basin, it is a fifth-order basin that is transitioning from an early mature to an older stage of the fluvial geomorphic cycle. The drainage pattern of the basin is dendritic in nature. A particular order's mean channel segment length is more than the next lower order but less than the next higher order. The relationship between stream order and mean stream length provides a group of points that lie roughly along a curve line, indicating that the area is not subject to severe structural influence.
Study of Variation in Physico-Chemical Parameters Controlling the Water Quality of Wetlands in Khultabad Region of Maharashtra
Authors: Pimparkar A M , Patil S N , Bartakke V V , Patil A S , Mahajan Y J , Patil N S , Kadam A K , Patil B D 
Published: January 2024

Wetlands are essential for preserving the hydrological cycle, the diversity of the world's ecosystems, the regulation of the climate, and human wellbeing. Humans can benefit directly from wetlands ecosystems in addition to receiving indirect services from them. The world is experiencing serious environmental issues due to the rapid depletion of natural resources, posing a threat to ecosystems. The wetland resource is mainly contaminated from sewage or wastewater disposal, encroachment, commercial and industrial activity. In view of this current study compares the water of wetlands in Khultabad tehsil of the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The samples were collected in Pre monsoon in January 2022. A total of 28 water samples were analyzed collected from wet lands situated in the central part of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. The samples were tested for pH and temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, bicarbonate, chlorides and nitrate. For developing suitable policies and carrying out priorities, knowledge of the fundamental and integrated facts on wetlands is crucial. All the selected parameters are showing higher values due to the continual discharge of waste effluents into it. According to the study, there should be urgent action is needed to restore water quality and support any long-term plans for wetland restoration.
Hydrological Analysis of Khargone Area, Khargone District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Solanki Lal Singh , Salve Sujata , Solanki Dayaram 
Published: January 2024

The paper is focused on hydrogeological analysis Khargone area, Khargone District, Madhya Pradesh, India. The study area typically consists of basalt rock formations dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Paleocene era of the Deccan Traps. The alluvium is clearly visible along the Kunda River's course. The hydrogeological examination of 70 open dug wells reveals well diameter range between 3 meters and 9 meters, Depth of well within the range of 6-7 m.b.g.l. Static water levels ranged from 1 m. to 17 m.b.g.l. The fluctuation ranges between 2 to 12 m respectively. The ground water level maps of post and pre monsoon periods indicate that in general the ground water movement is towards the kunda River. The suitable sites for ground water development have been suggested in the villages of Nangalda, Ibrampura, Thibgaon Khurd and Dongargaon.
Utilization of GIS Model Mapping to Detect Fault Segments in Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin
Authors: Al-Saedi Zeyad Jameel 
Published: January 2024

The Mesopotamia Basin is widely recognized as a significant aggradation geomorphological entity, characterized by the dominance of fluvial, lacustrine, and aeolian landforms. The geographical scope of this study spans a specific region within the Mesopotamian Basin, specifically including Nasiriyah and Basrah located in the southern region of Iraq. It comprises a collection of Joint and fault systems that serve as indicators of various tectonic occurrences that have influenced the Arabian plate from the pre-Cambrian era up till the present day. The major goal of this model is to mapping and detects fault segments to get information about the large faults existing which is not recognized by prior work. A Geographic Information System (GIS) model was employed to create three digital layers, namely Lineament, drainage patterns, and lithological contact. These layers were established using several sources of information. The initial step of the GIS demonstration includes the input information, and the subsequent includes the selection of the equation for this model to specify the vulnerability of faulting segments in the research sector. Moderate to large lineaments (fault lines) were identified the results suggest an additional (26,15) new fault segment line numbers for the areas Nasiriyah and Basrah respectively which were not known by the fault map over the research sector, these fault lines reflect crustal structures (large length lineaments), as well as analysis lineaments from satellite images, enables obtaining a miscellany of terrain applications, such as the selection of landfill sites, determining terrain stability, dam sites, and many other applications