bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conserved Transcription Factor Mediates Nuclear Control of Organelle Biogenesis in Anciently Diverged Land Plants
Authors: Yasumura Yuki , Moylan Elizabeth C. , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLand plant chloroplasts evolved from those found in the green algae. During land plant evolution, nuclear regulatory mechanisms have been modified to produce morphologically and functionally diverse chloroplasts in distinct developmental contexts. At least some of these mechanisms evolved independently in different plant lineages. In angiosperms, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate the development of at least three chloroplast types. To determine whether GLK-mediated regulation of chloroplast development evolved within angiosperms or is a plesiomorphy within land plants, gene function was examined in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Gene expression patterns and loss-of-function mutant phenotypes suggested that GLK gene function is conserved between P. patens and Arabidopsis thaliana, species that diverged &gt;400 million years ago. In support of this suggestion, moss genes partially complement Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutants. Therefore, GLK-mediated regulation of chloroplast development defines one of the most ancient conserved regulatory mechanisms identified in the plant kingdom.
Genetic linkage between Polι deficiency and increased susceptibility to lung tumors in mice
Authors: Lee Gang‐Hong , Matsushita Hiroshi 
Published: May 2005

Polι is a member of the Y‐family DNA polymerases, characterized by their capacity for translesion DNA synthesis and low fidelity base incorporation, and has therefore been assumed to play important roles in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In fact, the mouse Polι gene is located within the Par2 (pulmonary adenoma resistance 2) locus on distal chromosome 18, which we have identified as a major susceptibility locus regarding urethane induction of pulmonary adenomas. Indeed, Polι has been suggested to be a candidate for Par2 from both the genetic and biological standpoints. Taking advantage of 129X1/SvJ mice naturally deficient in Polι due to a nonsense mutation within the coding region of the gene, we here analyzed urethane‐treated (A/J × 129X1/SvJ)F1 × A/J backcross and (A/J × 129X1/SvJ)F2 intercross mice and observed the defective 129X1/SvJ Polι allele to be genetically linked with an increased susceptibility to lung tumors relative to the A/J allele. Thus, among the already known mouse Polι alleles, the defective 129X1/SvJ allele is associated exclusively with the highest susceptibility to lung tumors. The result indicates a possibility that the Polι gene may participate in error‐free repair of damaged DNA and prevention of lung tumor development. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 256 –259)
A tumor‐specific gene therapy strategy targeting dysregulation of the VHL/HIF pathway in renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Ogura Masakazu , Shibata Toru , Yi Junlin , Liu Junye , Qu Runjiang , Harada Hiroshi , Hiraoka Masahiro 
Published: May 2005

Hypoxia‐inducible factors, key transcription factors for hypoxia‐dependent gene expression, play important roles in angiogenesis and tumor growth. The VHL protein binds to the α subunit of (HIF‐α) for its oxygen‐dependent degradation. VHL mutations are found frequently in sporadic RCC. Disruption of VHL results in an abnormal accumulation of HIF‐α, leading to the upregulation of downstream genes such as the vascular endothelial growth factor gene. We constructed a luciferase reporter vector driven by hypoxia‐responsive elements (5HRE/luc) and a therapeutic vector expressing a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (5HRE/tk). In the transient transfection assay using VHL‐deficient 786‐O cells, constitutive luciferase expression was detected under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. In contrast, 786‐O cells transfected with a wild‐type VHL showed hypoxia‐inducible luciferase activity. In in vitro MTS assay, 50% of growth inhibition of 786‐O cells stably transfected with 5HRE/tk was achieved with exposure to 0.2 µg/mL of GCV under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Xenografts of the stable clone in SCID mice exhibited a marked regression on daily injections of GCV (50 mg/kg) for 10 days. In conclusion, a hypoxia‐responsive vector may have therapeutic potential for RCC with VHL mutations. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 288 –294)
Clinical Experience With Patient Administered Subcutaneous Dihydroergotamine Mesylate in Refractory Headaches
Authors: Klapper J. A. , Stanton J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThis study examines the practicality and efficacy of dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE) when self‐administered sub‐cutaneously in a population of refectory headache patients. Forty‐three patients with chronic daily headache or migraine headache without aura, who had been taught self‐injection of DHE either through the Raskin Protocol or in an outpatient headache clinic, were contacted by telephone and administered a questionnaire regarding usage and results from DHE injection. Ninety‐two percent of patients could successfully administer DHE. Forty‐six percent of patients experienced 90% or greater relief of pain and the majority of patients (77%) had greater than 50% relief. Emergency room use was decreased in 83% and 80% preferred DHE to their previous therapy. While side effects were common (79%), only four patients (9%) stopped DHE for this reason. No convincing evidence for the development of rebound headaches due to DHE was found in this sample.
Abortive Migraine Therapy With Oral Naproxen Sodium Plus Metoclopramide Plus Ergotamine Tartrate With Caffeine
Authors: Saadah Hanna A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe oral tablet combination, (550 mgs. of naproxen sodium plus 10 mgs. of metoclopramide plus 1 mg. of ergotamine tartrate plus 100 mgs. of caffeine), was retrospectively studied in 63 patients who used it to abort migraine headaches. On the average, 84% of the headaches were totally aborted; minor side effects occurred in 40% of the patients, and 87% of the patients considered the combination superior to all prior treatments.
Fluoxetine Prophylaxis of Migraine
Authors: Adly Camran , Straumanis John , Chesson Andrew 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMany patients with severe migraine remain refractory to the current treatment regimens or cannot tolerate the side effects. Since current research implicates serotonin dysregulation in migraine pethogenesis, we investigated in a double blind, placebo controlled study the prophylactic effect of the serotonergic drug fluoxatine. Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to 8 week fluoxatine treatment and 16 to the placebo group; nine subjects in each group completed the study. Migraine headache scores were obtained for two weeks prior to commencement of treatment, and then for each successive two week period, Zung depression scores were obtained before and after completion of the study. Fluoxetine caused significant reduction in headache scores starting with weeks 3‐4 of treatment; there was no significant change with placebo. Depression scores did not differ between groups before treatment, and did not significantly change with either treatment. Fluoxetine appears to be a safe and effective drug for migraine prophylaxis, and deserves further therapeutic trials with larger groups for longer periods of time.
Phenelzine Therapy for Headache Patients With Concomitant Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Turkewitz L. Jay , Casaly Joseph S. , Dawson Gregory A. , Wirth Oliver 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISEleven patients with refractory chronic daily headache, associated depression, and generalized anxiety were treated with phenelzine. Ten patients (91%) had a greater than or equal to 50% improvement in headache frequency, seven (64%) had a similar degree of improvement in mood and headache intensity or activity level.Orthostatic hypotension was the most common side effect and necessitated discontinuation of therapy in two patients. One patient suffered a hypertensive crisis which was easily managed and caused no permanent sequelae. Based on these preliminary results, we conclude that phenelzine is effective in the treatment of chronicdaily headache with associated depression and anxiety, but further investigations are needed to determine if thereis selective efficacy of phenelzine for this subgroup of patients.
Medication Use and Disability Among Migraineurs: A National Probability Sample Survey
Authors: Celentano David D. , Stewart Walter F. , Lipton Richard B. , Reed Michael L. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISObjective: To measure the use of prescription medication in treating migraine headache and the associations betweenmedication use and sociodemographic factors, and headache characteristics.Design: National sample survey using a mailed questionnaire to determine symptoms accompanying or preceding severe headaches; frequency, duration, and disability from severe attacks: use of medications to control pain; and medical‐care use for severe headaches.Setting: A stratified sample of United States households.Patients: A sample of 20,468 respondents, aged 12 to 80 years, who responded to a survey on “severe” headaches during the prior year.Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 20.2% of respondants reported severe headaches. Migraine was found in 17.6% of females and 5.7% of males. Of the migraineurs, 40.1% of female and 28.3% of male migraineurs reported using prescription drugs to control pain. Blacks were less likely then whites to report prescription use. Insignificant differences were seen in rates of prescription use among various income levels and regions of the country. Use of prescription medication varied considerably by symptoms and characteristics of migraine attacks. Vomiting and sensory aura were most frequently associated with medication use, as were severity and duration of attacks. Use of urgent‐care services for severe headache attacks was associated with frequent use of prescription medications. Patients who reported a physician diagnosis of migraine were more likely to use prescription medication than other migraineurs.Conclusions: Most migraineurs in the United States are not being treated with prescription medications. Many active migraine patients would benefit from appropriate treatment if care was sought and diagnosis made.
Flunarizine Is Effective in Prophylaxis of Headache Associated With Scleroderma
Authors: Mazagri Rida , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine‐like headaches may occasionally be seen in patients with scleroderma. The mechanism of these headaches is not well established but may be secondary to central "Raynaud's phenomenon". We report a patient with such headaches that responded dramatically to the centrally acting calcium channel blocker, flunarizine. We suggest that flunarizine should be considered in the management of patients with scleroderma and migraine‐like headaches.
Depression in Adolescent Headache Patients
Authors: Kaiser Ronald S. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA study of 28 patients aged between 13–18 years with chronic daily headache revealed that 86% of them were diagnosed as depressed based upon psychological evaluation. Instruments that were best able to evaluate depression in this population were Identified. These tended to be more projective in nature since teenagers typically did not readily admit to being depressed. A treatment model utilizing antidepressant medication prophylactically, biofeedback, and psyche‐therapy is proposed in order to alleviate depression and help achieve normal functioning as quickly as possible.
Short‐lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT Syndrome): IV. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during and outside paroxysms
Authors: Kruszewski Piotr , Sand Trond , Shen Jie Ming , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISSUNCT is a headache syndrome characterized by short‐lasting (usually 15‐120 sec), unilateral head pain paroxysms localized in the peri‐ocular area, accompanied by conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal stuffiness, rhinorrhea, and subclinical forehead sweating, all on the symptomatic side. A relative bradycardia seems to be an integral part of the paroxysm; a parasympathetic stimulation could theoretically be the causative factor for the bradycardia. In 3 SUNCT patients, vagal nerve function (E:I ratio) has been monitored outside and during pain paroxysms, while 3 other patients could be studied in the attack‐free period only. E:I ratio is obtainable in the course of a maximally deep breath and represents the ratio of the longest R‐R Interval during a 5 sec long expiration to the shortest R‐R interval during a 5 sec long inspiration. The mean E:I ratio of SUNCT patients outside paroxysms was significantly higher than the mean E:I ratio in an aged‐matched control group. The E:I ratio was, however, significantly decreased during paroxysms in comparison with ratios obtained outside the pain paroxysms. After 0.6 mg atropine administration s.c. to one of the patients in the symptomatic phase, the heart rate increased, and the relative bradycardia during headache paroxysm was diminished (but not completely abolished). The E:I ratio was lowered but it was still slightly larger outside than during attacks. The reason for the abrupt and seemingly clear attack‐related decrement in E:I ratio together with the previously described relative bradycardia remains enigmatic, however the possibility of increased parasympathetic tone cannot be excluded.
SUNCT may be Another Manifestation of Orbital Venous Vasculitis
Authors: Hannerz Jan , Greitz Dan , Hansson Per , Ericson Kaj 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with more than 20 years of SUNCT, i.e., Iong lasting periods with frequent attacks of intense orbital pain with a duration of about one minute, associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, rhinorrhea and facial sweating is described. Some attacks were possibly related to increased cerebral blood flow but could also be triggered from the oral area. Orbital phlebography showed pathologic changes on the side of the pain, changes which were normalized when the attacks ceased to appear. Due to these findings in conjunction with serum evidence of inflammation, associated systemic symptoms and susceptibility to steroids and azathioprine, venous vasculitis is suggested to be the cause of SUNCT in this patient. Carbamazepine and sumatriptan decreased the frequency, intensity and duration of attacks, although not completely.
Low Dose Flunarizine in the Prophylaxis of Migraine
Authors: Bassi P. , Brunati L. , Rapuzzi B. , Alberti E. , Mangoni A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn a period of one year (1990) we selected 40 patients suffering from migraine. For an open randomized study there were 2 groups of patients: the first were treated with 10 mg of flunarizine per day and the second with 3 mg per day. The patients were treated for 4 months consecutively.There were 11 drop outs (27.5%): nine for poor compliance and 2 due to side effects. The efficacy of flunarizine in the prophylaxis of migraine was essentially identical in the two dosage groups while the incidence of side effects was considerably reduced in the patients treated with the lower dose.
Evaluation and Emergency Treatment of Headache
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache is a common complaint in patients presenting to the emergency department. Most such headache are benign, but some have a more severe organic cause. Occasionally, patients present with a chronic headache disorder with which they can no longer cope. The new International Headache Society Classification of Headache is reviewed along with the differential diagnosis of benign headache disorders. Headache diagnosis by history is examined in detail followed by a discussion of the emergency presentation of headache patients. Causes for concern are presented, along with a detailed discussion of differential diagnosis, Including subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, sinusitis, glaucoma, internal carotid artery dissection, and cerebro‐vascular disease. Also discussed are medications used for the symptomatic treatment of headache, including analgesics, NSAIDs, narcotics, end ergotamine preparations. Approaches to the treatment of the severe, persistent headache in the emergency department are outlined and treatment options suggested. Headache medication overuse is discussed and guidelines are presented to recognize the condition and prevent its recurrence.
Chronic Daily Headache: Long‐Term Prognosis Following Inpatient Treatment With Repetitive IV DHE
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D. , Silberstein Joshua R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe retrospectively studied the long‐term (2‐year) outcome of 50 consecutive patients admitted to our inpatient headache program because of chronic daily headache (CDH) associated with the overuse of analgesics, ergotamine, or both. They had been detoxified, given repetitive intravenous dihydroergotamine (IVDHE) and prophylactic medications as part of the program, and had become headache‐free on this regimen. At the time of admission, 37 of the 50 patients had transformed migraine (TM), 12 had new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and 1 had chronic tension‐type headache; 29 of the patients with TM, 7 of those with NDPH, and the single patient with chronic tension‐type headache had coexistent migraine. Substances abused, alone or in combination, included: caffeine in 39 patients (av. 441 mg/d), acetaminophen in 32 (av. 2187 mg/d), aspirin in 24 (av. 1807 mg/d), ibuprofen in 9 (av. 1156 mg/d), narcotics in 7 (av. 10.1 mg morphine equivalents/d) and ergotamine in 11 (av. 2.3 mg/d). Twenty patients were using preventive medication at the time of admission. Follow‐up evaluations were performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after discharge. Forty‐three patients were analyzed at 3 months. Of these, 44% had an excellent or good result and 28% a fair result; 3 were overusing analgesics. At 24 months, 39 patients were analyzed: 59% had a good or excellent result and 28% a fair result; 5 were overusing analgesics, 4 of whom were doing poorly.We conclude that most patients (87%) detoxified from analgesic/ergotamine overuse as part of an inpatient treatment program using repetitive IV DHE continue to do well over the long term, as demonstrated by the findings obtained during 2 years of follow‐up.
5‐HT 2 Serotonin Receptor on Blood Platelet of Migraine Patients
Authors: Govitrapong Piyarat , Limthavon Chanchira , Srikiatkhachorn Anan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISSeveral lines of evidence have previously suggested that platelets might play a primary or secondary role in migraine pathogenesis, and that in addition serotonin receptors on human platelets might be involved in those processes. By using [3H]‐spiperone as a radioligand and ketanserin to determine the non‐specific binding, the numbers of 5‐HT2 serotonin receptors on platelet membrane obtained from normal healthy and migraine subjects were determined. We found a significant decrease (p <0.02) in the maximal receptor numbers (Bmax) on platelet membrane of migraine patients (Bmax= 33.01±5.57 fmol/mg protein ) when compared to the normal healthy group (Bmax=86.59±9.09 fmol/mg protein) whereas the dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) values (2.47±0.44 nM and 3.41±0.95 nM for the normal and migraine subjects, respectively) remained unchanged. The platelet response showed a higher degree of agreeability in migraine subjects, whereas the platelet counts were the same. This finding implies that serotonin receptors on the platelet may reflect some aspect of the pathogenesis of migraine headache.
The Relationship of Anger, Depression, and Perceived Disability Among Headache Patients
Authors: Tschannen T. A. , Duckro P. N. , Margolis R. B. , Tomazic T. J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISDepression is a common concomitant of headache. Conflict with regard to anger or the expression of anger has also been discussed in terms of its relationships to headache. The direction of the relationship between headaches and depression and/or anger is not clear from available research literature. Thus, the present study proposed to examine the interrelationships among measures of anger expression, depression and self‐reported disability in a sample of chronic headache patients. It was predicted that there would be significant correlations between depression and perceived disability, and anger held in and perceived disability. Finally, it was predicted that anger held in would be shown to impact perceived disability by way of its relationship to depression.Path analysis was employed to investigate the relationships among the variables. Results showed a significant and positive relationship between depression and perceived disability, which supported the first hypothesis. Anger expression was not significantly related to perceived disability. Therefore, the second hypothesis was not supported. Anger‐in, however, was strongly and positively related to depression.Although the causal direction of the relationships cannot be stated with certainty, the suppression of anger appears to be a moderating variable that amplifies the experience of depression among chronic headache patients.
Cluster Headache Following Head Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Turkewitz L. Jay , Wirth Oliver , Dawson Gregory A. , Casaly Joseph S. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA relation between head trauma and cluster headache is frequently described in the literature. The percentage of cluster patients with a history of head injury is approximately 16.5 when several large studies are reviewed. The present paper reports another case where there is close proximity between head injury and the onset of cluster headache. A review of the literature attempts to document the supposition that there is indeed a causal or precipitous role for head injury in cluster cephalgia pathogenesis.
MR‐Angiography During Spontaneous Attacks of Cluster Headache: A Case Report
Authors: Waldenlind Elisabet , Ekbom Karl , Torhall Jorgen 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMagnetic resonance (MR) angiography was performed during and between two spontaneous and untreatedattacks in a 24‐year old male patient with episodic cluster headache. The ipsilateral ophthalmic artery wasobserved to be markedly dilated during both attacks. No changes were seen in the internal carotid artery or any ofthe main arterial branches on either side. A repeat MR‐angiography two weeks later when the patient was inclinical remission showed no abnormalities. Our present case report suggests that the MR technique provides auseful method for non‐invasive angiography during spontaneous attacks of cluster headache.
The Relationship Between Perceived Stress, Social Support and Chronic Headaches
Authors: Martin Paul R. , Soon Kristina 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA group of chronic headache sufferers (migraine and tension‐type headache) was compared with agroup of nonheadache control subjects in terms of two domains of social support (social integration andfunctional support), perceived social support, sources of social support, and perceived stress. Headachesufferers and controls were not differentiated with respect to number of social relationships, sources ofsupport and availability of support. In contrast, headache sufferers were significantly less satisfied withthe support available to them and scored lower on all four types of functional support measured(appraisal, esteem, belonging and tangible). Support measures did not show a linear relationship withheadache chronicity, and were at their lowest at an intermediate point in the headache history rather thanat an early or late point. Headache sufferers scored higher on perceived stress than control subjects anddifferences between the groups increased as a function of headache chronicity.The findings were interpreted as suggesting that clinicians and researchers should focus greaterattention on the social dimension of headaches.