bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where Not to Start
Authors: Ivanova Mirela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 opens this third phase of the invention of Slavonic with a historiographical critique. Having moved from Central Europe to the context of the Balkans, this chapter traces the particularities of the historiography on the alphabet found in the histories of Bulgaria in particular. It highlights two key problems with scholarship which have produced a rather simplistic account of the arrival of the alphabet in the Balkans. The first is the fetishisation of the state, in particular the medieval Bulgarian state, as an actor in the preservation of the Slavonic alphabet. The second problem has been the assumption of the teleological success of the Slavonic alphabet, as an unequivocally liberating force in Slavonic history. This chapter problematises both, to lay the groundwork for a new reading of the Slavonic alphabet’s history in the Balkans.
A Case for Slavonic
Authors: Ivanova Mirela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 offers a reading of how Slavonic was invented anew in On Letters, the first text explicitly concerned with the alphabet, rather than the Byzantine philosopher saint who invented it, or the papally aligned clerics in Moravia who inherited it. The text marked the return of the Slavonic alphabet into a cultural sphere dominated by Byzantine–Greek hegemony, but it is also the first version of the invention of Slavonic targeted specifically at Slavonic speakers: it is therefore the first such Byzantino-Slavic text. In it, the author puts Cyril front and centre, but strips him of his Greek identity, and dislocates the event of the invention from its historical specificity in Moravia. The invention becomes an event in the universal history of the Slavonic peoples, whose identity the author seeks to mobilise, against the use of Greek.
“Like a Flood or an Earthquake”
Authors: Crosthwaite Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines works that emerge from the midst of the Great Crash of 1929. It begins by considering William Faulkner’s desire to connect his drafting of As I Lay Dying (1930) to the financial crisis with which it coincided, and how the novel’s portrayals of disastrously rising waters mirror descriptions of a deluged stock market. It next examines the crash’s most iconic depiction by a visual artist, James N. Rosenberg’s lithograph Dies Irae (Oct 29) (1929), and shows how—for Rosenberg—the work was both an immediate inscription of the “day of wrath” he had witnessed on Wall Street, and a harbinger of the still greater global catastrophes that the financial collapse portended. Turning to the hallucinatory depictions of a panic-stricken Wall Street in the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca’s Poet in New York (1940), the chapter indicates how a poetic persona that is at once eyewitness to the crash and prophesier of its devastating future repercussions casts the event in surrealist form. The following section considers press photographs of crowds massing on Wall Street: it offers an innovative analysis of “panic crowd” images, arguing not only that such images constitute a distinct (and previously untheorized) visual genre, but also that the panic crowd should itself be understood as shaped by the iterative and mimetic logic of genre. Finally, the chapter reflects on a very different set of images—by the photographer Margaret Bourke-White—which are simultaneously among the least dramatic and most evocative documents of the Great Crash.
Coda
Authors: Crosthwaite Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This concluding Coda considers the ways in which the “shadow of 1929” has extended into our own present, examining how—in the United States and elsewhere—the Great Crash and Great Depression have been the privileged points of historical reference in discussions of a recent past defined by financial crisis, economic recession, political polarization, and anti-Black violence. The Coda explores how readers looking back to the culture of the early to mid-twentieth-century United States have found insights in texts discussed in this book, and suggests that such works’ contemporary appeal lies not simply in their powerful engagements with persistently vexing economic and political structures and antagonisms, but also precisely in their speculative openness to rereading in future moments of crisis.
People, Skills, and Employment
Authors: Whittaker D. Hugh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
‘People’ are supposed to be at the heart of Society 5.0 and ‘new capitalism’, but that has not been reflected in investment, either by the government, or by companies. Efforts to expand the workforce in an age of population decline mean attracting more women, elderly, and non-Japanese into the workforce, but this poses significant challenges. It also requires the participation of labour market intermediaries. The second section looks at the corollary of increasing labour market diversity, namely reforming ‘Japanese style employment’, encompassing Abe’s work-style reforms, and the ‘new trinity’ labour market reforms (2023) of reskilling, mobility, and job-based wages and employment, as well as a fourth element—‘respect for diversity and addressing disparity’. Covid-19 and telework is briefly considered, and the final section looks at Keidanren’s proposal to rebuild the middle class, government investment in reskilling, and preparing the education system for Society 5.0.
Economic Conditions, the COVID-19 Pandemic Recession, and Implications for Disability Insurance in the US
Authors: Maestas Nicole , Mullen Kathleen J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Previous economic downturns have led to increases in applications for and, eventually, receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits. In the pandemic-induced recession of 2020 and its aftermath, however, SSDI applications did not increase. One important reason may have been the prolonged closure of Social Security Administration (SSA) field offices, since previous research finds that field office closures lead to persistent declines in SSDI beneficiaries in the surrounding communities. As a result, there may be pent-up demand for SSDI benefits as normal operations resume in areas where the economy has not fully recovered. Nevertheless, unemployment insurance and other government support program expansions were materially different than in past recessions, which appears to have enabled people to weather the downturn and avoid applying for SSDI benefits. We draw on prior research and recent federal statistics to discuss the unfolding effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the SSDI program and its beneficiaries.
Warlike Effigies
Authors: Barnden Sally 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses royal individuals’ engagements with Shakespeare’s Henry V during times of war from the 1750s to the Second World War. I show that Shakespearean actors have often helped to mediate the relationship between Henry V and modern would-be warrior kings, functioning as effigies for idealized models of royal identity. Considering different periods of war, the chapter draws attention to repetitions and echoes, and especially to the associations drawn between the battles of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the French battlefields of the First and Second World Wars. The chapter concludes with a reading of a screening of Laurence Olivier’s Henry V for George VI and family in 1944 which considers the collaboration between Olivier’s projected body and the inanimate properties of the room where the screening took place, the Waterloo Chamber, to accentuate the film’s propagandist ambitions and transform it into a premature memorial for victory in Europe.
Athenian Decrees, Negotiation, and Negotiators
Authors: Lazar Leah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 looks at the political relationships between the Athenians and their allies, and argues that they were flexible and negotiated. It provides a synthetic analysis of inscribed Athenian decrees, arguing that they preserve traces of the underlying bilateral negotiations with allied communities. It contends that the Athenians used various means to circumscribe how allied communities could negotiate, and that they increasingly limited opportunities for negotiation in the final decades of the century. In the second half of the chapter, it is suggested that a network of elite individuals, with wealth, experience of mobility, and personal connections, supported the operation of such community-level negotiations. The Athenians’ use of this network was not in opposition to the functioning of their democracy, which still maintained importance in the negotiation process, but tensions could potentially arise between communal and individual interests.
Theorising reading, writing and society
Authors: Reza Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter gives a diachronic account of the changing ideas about reading and writing from the founding of Présence Africaine in 1947 to the closure of Mensagem by the Salazar regime in 1964. Firstly, it argues that both journals had demonstrate a high level of consensus about the connections between literature, pedagogy, and questions of epistemology. It discusses the early editions of Présence Africaine and the founding in Lisbon of the Centro de Estudos Africanos by African students and writers. Secondly, the chapter goes on to argue that after 1955, writers in French and Portuguese sought to steer a middle path between political engagement and individual artistic freedom, focusing on a major debate about these questions in Présence Africaine in 1956. Turning to Mensagem, the chapter suggests that under the weight of censorship and repression, some poets developed a poetics of constraint and obliqueness that itself redefined what ‘political poetry’ might comprise.
Questions of method
Authors: Reza Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter puts the histories discussed in the first three chapters into conversation with a contemporary body of critical work on the relationships between literature, literary particularity, politics, and theory in postcolonial studies. Drawing on the dialectical—rather than hierarchical—nature of the relationship between the literary and the political that we see in the very form of Mensagem and Présence Africaine reorients the debate away from a paralysingly stratified vision that reads culture and literature as secondary. The chapter discusses why and how we should read the literary texts of African anticolonialism not as subordinate to theoretical work but as forms of thought in themselves. The chapter acts as a bridge between the Part I, which focusses on the changing resonance of the literary and the ensuing discussion of literary contestations of the political in Part II.
Paying ‘the blood price’
Authors: James William D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Why did the British commit heavily to the US-led war in Iraq in 2003? For some, this is a clear case of British servility. This chapter contests that thesis, as it misconstrues Tony Blair’s worldview and understates the agency of the UK government in determining the scale of its contribution. The prime minister genuinely believed in the worthiness of the intervention. Blair was also convinced that, by aligning closely with President Bush, he would be able to shape US thinking, particularly towards the UN and the Middle East Peace Process. He judged that progress on both was necessary to assuage sceptical domestic audiences. Meanwhile, many in British military high command assumed that offering a substantial land component would yield greater involvement in US planning. Blair and his generals misinterpreted the degree to which they could influence US policy. It was one of several flawed assumptions underpinning British grand strategic decision-making.
Law as Craft
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anatomy of a Murder is about lawyering. The main character, Polly Biegler, is a former district attorney who, since his defeat at the ballot box, barely practices law and spends most of his time fishing, playing the piano, and reading legal tomes with his best friend. He is drawn out of his low-key routine by the opportunity to defend an army lieutenant accused of murdering the man he believes (or does he?) raped his beautiful, seductive wife. The trial scenes that dominate the movie offer many highly charged issues—rape, honor killing, the unwritten law, the insanity defense—but the issue the director (himself a lawyer) stays with is the nature of good lawyering as a skill displayed by those who are in love not with justice but with craft. The trial has a conclusion and a verdict, but, even as it is reached, evidence supporting the opposite conclusion abounds. This uncertainty or indeterminacy underscores the true center of the film’s interest, the ins and outs of lawyerly practice at the highest level.
Rivers and fluid identities in the Fasti
Authors: Vuković Krešimir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter explores several liminal characters in Ovid’s Fasti that display a range of fluid identities. It calls for a reconsideration of the environment as a network of elements with their own agency whereby the human and the non-human interact in a number of ways and cannot be easily separated from each other. The Tiber is the main focus of this ecocritical reflection, since, as a god and as a force of nature, he is ascribed active agency in several episodes of Ovid’s calendrical work. After exploring a range of associations between the Tiber and Janus, as well as the river’s own immigrant status, this chapter turns to consider the exilic status of Evander and the role of the natural world in welcoming him to Italy in Fasti 1. Thereafter, Book 3’s fugitive Anna Perenna, transformed into a river nymph, is discussed, along with the festival of the Argei in Fasti 5. The gender aspect of the river is the focus of the analysis of the episode of Venus and Cupid hiding on the Euphrates in Book 2. Finally, the chapter turns to consider the inherently mutable Vertumnus of Book 6, who is closely associated with the Tiber, before turning to the arrival of Magna Mater in Fasti 4, and Ovid’s challenge to the expectations of gender norms in the person of Claudia Quinta.
Humiliation and revenge in Ovid’s Fasti
Authors: Xinyue Bobby 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Unlike most poems of the Augustan age, Ovid’s Fasti is unusually fond of recording Roman defeats and moments of national humiliation. From the complete thrashing of the Fabii in the battle of the Cremera to Crassus’ disaster at Carrhae, Ovid’s poetic calendar offers an intriguing, ‘alternative’, view of Roman history. This chapter offers a fresh consideration of these and other related episodes, and argues that the recurrence to humiliation and revenge in the Fasti amounts to a persistent attempt by Ovid to assert that the need to avenge humiliation is hardwired into Rome’s DNA. In making this argument, the chapter will focus on not only the poet’s depiction of Augustus as ultor par excellence, but also offer a new interpretation of the Fortuna–Servius–Tullia episode in Fasti 6. I will suggest that this sequence of aetiological narratives about concealment, sexual shame, and dynastic strife may be seen to allude to the poet’s banishment and the punishment of the two Julias.
Horatian moments in Ovid’s career and the end of Fasti 6
Authors: Trimble Gail 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ovid’s poem on the Roman calendar is brought to an abrupt culmination, after only (exactly) six months, by a final panel about the temple of Hercules Musarum (Fast. 6.797–812). And Ovid’s very last words are not even his own: Fast. 6.812 increpuitque lyram is borrowed almost verbatim from Horace’s final lyric poem, Carm. 4.15. This chapter looks more closely at the consequences of this borrowing. In Carm. 4.15, Horace bows out of lyric: turning the familiar recusatio (‘I will not sing of wars because I prefer my own concerns’) into a move that could not be more Augustan (‘I cannot sing of wars because Caesar has brought eternal peace’), he merges his own voice into that of a Roman chorus singing on into the endless Augustan future. Ovid’s quotation of Horace therefore suggests closure in the strongest possible terms: the disappearance of a voice, the end of a career, death. Yet Ovid did continue writing after his death (his exile), and the chapter goes on to explore how the Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto interact with Horace’s Epistles to create comparisons and contrasts between the lyric uates, comfortably retired to Tibur and hexameters, and the uates of Callimachean national elegy, forcibly banished to Tomis and still writing elegiacs. Ovid suggests various ways of reading his own career against that of Horace, but the most powerful may be that the famous silence of the Fasti’s missing second half is ushered in by a flourish on a Horatian lyre.
Education
Authors: Rose Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first step in education is achieving complete literacy by making primary schooling free and compulsory. In less developed countries there remain illiterate adults for whom this was not available when they were young. Within every country secondary education offers a choice of vocational and academic qualifications. However, fewer than two-thirds of youths are enrolled in secondary education in India, Asian developing countries, and Africa, and the proportion falls well below half for tertiary education. In learning, Asian countries, led by China, do far better than youths in highly developed countries in mathematics tests. On every continent English is useful as a lingua franca for instrumental communication. People who are native English speakers are now outnumbered by the hundreds of millions of people who speak English as a second or third language.
Transparency and Other Problems
Authors: Boyle Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Contemporary discussions of self-knowledge tend to focus on so-called “privileged knowledge” of one’s own mind, but this focus needs justification, not only because the extent of such knowledge has been challenged by critics, but also for the sake of defining more sharply what the phenomenon is and what needs explanation about it. This chapter characterizes the kind of privileged self-knowledge that will be the focus of this book and considers a variety of recent attempts to say what is puzzling about such knowledge. The author argues that a variety of attempts to frame the problem of self-knowledge are unsatisfactory because they are excessively comparative, insufficiently general, or not appropriately first-personal in their approach to the topic. He then introduces the “Problem of Transparency” and argues that it provides a more satisfactory way to frame the human capacity for self-knowledge as a philosophical topic.
Bodily Awareness
Authors: Boyle Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sartre’s obscure but evocative remarks on bodily awareness are often quoted, but the author argues, they have rarely been understood. This chapter seeks to bring the connection between Sartre’s views on bodily awareness and his more general distinction between “positional” and “nonpositional” consciousness. Sartre’s main claim about bodily awareness, the author suggests, is that one’s primary awareness of one’s own body is a form of nonpositional consciousness. The author argues that Sartre is right about this, and that he is right to think that recognizing this point is crucial to understanding what it is for something to be one’s own body.
Born Beautiful
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter narrates the story of Akhtar Un Nisa, a young mother of a 4-month-old who had to flee her home in the search of a haven from Lalamusa to Dariyaganj. Read how she struggled at every mile of her journey, sometimes for the dry milk for her daughter, sometimes fighting to get food supplies from an aircraft from Karachi and other times for survival, her harrowing journey by train from Delhi to Karachi was gut wrenching. She has felt all sort of human emotions. Married to a Colonel, she reached Lahore by a train escorted by Punjab Regiment. This is Born Beautiful, the story of migration through a mother’s lens.
Tangled Kites
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter unravels the story of Feroze Gul; born in the family of a long line of very accomplished men; raised with very liberal values living in Dehradun. Being friends with D.L. Saigal and K.L. Saigal, he has very fond memories of them. Read about how he recalls the cruel incidents from the chapter of partition, how his family managed to save their lives and ultimately settled in Rawalpindi. He also mentions about an Urdu Teacher, an earthquake, and Mai Veero Di Banni. Also, a great story of friendship involving all sorts of eposides; from letter exchange to the involvement of the Landlord of Garhwal unfolds in this chapter. This is the Tangled Kites, the story of long-standing friendships, persistence, and commitment.
Home Nankana Sahib
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter unfolds the journey of Harnaam Singh from Chak 3/53, Tehsil Nankana Sahib, Pakistan to Malowal, Punjab, India. With having 100 acres of land in the birth town of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, this story talks about a rent collector, who also worked in many post offices of Punjab, swam in river Chenab, saw his hungry sister longing for food, and migrated with three soldiers. Also read about, how he kept running back to his Home Nankana Sahib. He also mentions Shahid and his love for his teacher, Master Kartar who ran away from his own country and the chapter begins with his search. The story, Home Nankana Sahib, is about a longing for home and the feeling of belongingness.
Spinning Wheel
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter unfolds the story of charismatic woman, Amar Kaur from Hoshiarpur, who was a visionary about her business of cotton and was married to a small-scaled businessman of Lahore, she remembers the cooperation, respect, and understanding she found with him. She misses Anarkali Bazaar, Shalimar Garden and talks about the meet and greet of her granddaughter with the people of Lahore, who happens to be a filmmaker. Read about her migration journey to India for which she credits her neighbors who helped in those difficult times. The story, the Spinning Wheel, is about an ambitious woman who was setting example of female empowerment all those decades ago!
Fate of Father
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter narrates the story of Muhammad Siddique raised by a single parent who was a farmer but owned no land in a small Muslim village in Kapurthala. He tells how he learnt compassion, patience, tolerance, and affection from his father who had a motherly touch in his nurturing nature. He also remembers the fateful day of police raids at each house of the village after which eventually led them all to migrate to Pakistan … a Herculean journey that took eight long days on foot. This is Fate of Father, a story marking the efforts of a father frozen in space and time yet very fresh in the memory of his son like it was yesterday.
Demons of Banyan
Authors: Dutt Sandeep , Hayat Faisal , Ritika  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chapter unfolds the story of Muhammad Din who was 13 years old at the time of partition. He remembers the formal Government announcements being made about partition and how he was in disbelief like everyone else until he encountered how real it was and how horrifying humans can be to each other. The chapter deals with the migration of a family which survived an attack involving a bomb that fortunately did not detonate at the occasion of 1947’s Eid. The story, Demons of Banyan talks about the devil riding on a white horse and the demons in uniform showing how hate knows no bounds, no color, religion, or humanity.