bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Move from Placeto Place*
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I appear as a travelled person and give the impression of having been most everywhere. Few people on first acquaintance take me to be a “home” type of man, liking a settled habitat. On the contrary, they quickly form the opinion that I am cosmopolitan, a citizen of many countries, one who has seen all or most of Europe. Should I say I have been in many oriental countries also, this statement would be accepted far more readily than an assertion that I had never seen beyond the borders of America. They assume, not only that I like to travel and that I have travelled, but that moving about is for me a natural form of life. I can, they think, meet all kinds and classes of people and speak a number of (to them) foreign languages, with facility. In truth, I have moved about quite a bit; but most of my excursions have taken place in and over America. Not till last summer did I visit Canada. France is the only European country I have been in, to date. Yet, in a sense, people are quite right in feeling that I am not a settled, home, or stationary type. I am locomotive, nomadic-and this for many reasons. As a child I was conditioned to move from place to place. My family often changed residences. In the first year of my life I was moved from the house of my birth, to another house and then to the house of my grandfather; and, while still living in Washington, we went to different places each summer.
Cane
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Your letter came this morning. It stimulates. It contains just what I want: criticism that rubs me against myself; opinions, appreciations, interests, whose inherent fuel sets me going; thoughts that I value to the extent that I must test myself against them; and a general tone which makes me desire that my creations be intelligible to other people. (My position here has been such that I unconsciously discount or ignore the reader.) Theatre [sic] sprang to life a few weeks back when I was helping to manage the Howard. For a week or so my job kept me from writing it. The minute I was released, I brought it out. The piece was written in a single day. When the last word was down, something within me said FINIS, so I knew that any rewriting or elaboration would have to come at a later day. I was conscious, however, of a questionable brevity, a possibility of misunderstanding, and of Waldo Frank. But I wanted to touch you, so I sent it on.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1926, while standing on an elevated train platform in New York City, Toomer suddenly went into a mystical trance that demonstrated to him the possibility of a “higher consciousness” able to transform him into a “radically different being.” The intense mystical feelings that began on the train platform lasted for about two weeks, and although Toomer could not sustain this heightened consciousness indefinitely, the experience demonstrated to him the possibility of a world of harmony in contrast to the world of chaos with which he was all too familiar. It was a moment of crystallization, and Toomer felt reborn. In fact, he had been preparing himself for this experience from at least the time when he had articulated his unhappiness with his life by going to Gurdjieffs institute in 1924. Although in writing about his experience he expressed amazement that what he had been trying to do consciously suddenly came to him unconsciously, without effort at all, it was probably the years of conscious effort that had laid the ground work for his mystical episode. This is not to say that Toomer’s experience was not spontaneous. On the contrary, Toomer’s narrative discribes some classic characteristics of traditional mystical states, like the above-the-body phenomenon, for instance, that William James documents in Varieties of Religious Experience.
The Blue Man
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Your letter of Aug 29th on hand. First, I want to make a general statement from which detailed statements will follow. My racial composition and my position in the world are realities which I alone may deter mine. Just what these are, I sketched in for you the day I had lunch with you. As a unit in the social milieu, I expect and demand acceptance of myself on their basis. I do not expect to be told what I should consider myself to be. Nor do I expect you as my publisher, and I hope, as my friend, to either directly or indirectly state that this basis contains any element of dodging. In fact, if my relationship with you is to be what I’d like it to be, I must insist that you never use such word, such a thought, again. As a B[oni] and Liveright author, I make the distinction between my fundamental position and the position which your publicity department may wish to establish for me in order that Cane reach as large a public as possible. In this connection I have told you, I have told Messrs Tobey and Schneider to make use of whatever racial factors you wish. Feature Negro if you wish, but do not expect me to feature it in advertisements for you. For myself, I have sufficiently featured Negro in Cane. Whatever statements I give will inevitably come from a synthetic human and art point of view; not from a racial one. As regards my sketch-life-it was not my intention or promise to give a completed statement of my life.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The typescript of “Monrovia” is undated. The story’s lyricism and setting are reminiscent of the White Island section of “Winter on Earth,” which appeared in The Second American Caravan in 1928. However, the setting also suggests the Pacific coast around Carmel, California, where Toomer lived with his new wife, the writer Margery Latimer, in 1932. That same year Margery died in childbirth, and it is tempting to read “Monrovia” with its narrative of overcoming sorrow caused by the death of a loved one as Toomer’s working out his own loss through his writing. At any rate, speculation aside, “Monrovia” does contain a theme of recurring importance to Toomer: the development of an independent, whole, and creative personality that is a meaningful part of the community at large. Monrovia’s story illustrates this. While Toomer certainly did not generally write children’s literature, he was interested in the importance of traditional legends and fables for psychic growth, and he felt that children who had not been exposed to such literature would grow up to be less than fully developed adults. With its fairy-tale quality, “Monrovia” may also reflect the influence on Toomer of his Uncle Bismarck, his mother’s brother; when Toomer was a child, one of his favorite pastimes was to listen to Bismarck read him folk tales, fables, and myths.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The striking descriptions of rural Georgia in Cane demonstrate Toomer’s acute and sensitive awareness of the American land early in his career; his appreciation of the land brought forth some of his most lyrical writing. And Toomer, always searching below and beyond the surface for spiritual and intellectual meaning, was rarely content to describe merely what he saw with his eyes. Rather, he probed for the significance of what he was seeing. Wherever he stayed or visited, Toomer became deeply involved in the landscape around him. “Highways Should Be Rightways” is a good example of such involvement. This typescript, by “N. J. Toomer,” was probably written in 1939. At this time there was citizen outcry against a proposed rerouting of Highway 202 in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, where Toomer lived on a farm with his second wife, Marjorie Content. (His first wife, Margery Latimer, died giving birth to their daughter, Margery, in 1932.)
Incubation, hatching, and cropmilk
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Behavior simulating incubation may be seen in feral pigeons at the time of nest construction. The birds 1.5 hours. Some individuals pseudoincubate for 10 days prior to laying the first egg, and others for only two or three days (Dorzhiev 1991). Both sexes incubate definitively from the time of laying the complete clutch. The first egg is also incubated, but the routine is regularly interrupted. Some females sit on the first egg through the first night after laying. The incubation patch is situated in the ventral apterium and is about 10 x 2 cm in size; visual inspection suggests low vascularity (Johnston 1992c).
Feather maintenance and the molt
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The popular imagination considers feral pigeons to be “dirty” and infested with bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic organisms. This is overly imaginative and inaccurate, for a dirty bird is probably a sick or otherwise impaired bird that may well succumb to illness. Plumage parasites are nevertheless reasonably common, and they regularly occur at low densities on clean and healthy individuals. Mites, ticks, flies, bugs, lice, and fleas can be found on pigeons (Clayton, 1991), although usually not coincidently.
Social behavior
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most behavior of animals in groups can be called social behavior. Feral pigeons congregate in a number of circumstances into aggregations, colonies, and flocks, and their behavior as individuals in these groups then differs from that of single individuals or pairs. But, the distinction between group and individual behavior of feral pigeons is not sharp, as the following may suggest.
People and pigeons
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As integral parts of natural ecosystems, humans necessarily interact with other organisms. Relationships with birds are more conspicuous than most, partly because more than 9000 species of birds exist, but partly also because humans like birds and seek them out. Opinions differ concerning different kinds of birds, however, and humans have a love-hate relationship with feral pigeons (Murton and Wright 1968). There nevertheless is a special quality to the interaction between pigeons and people, which is a result of the historical events to which we have persistently alluded, and which are responsible for the several-thousand year saga of domestic and feral pigeons.
Insight, Self-Deception, and Psychosis in Mood Disorders
Authors: Kiersky Judith E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most widely used clinical assessment of insight takes place during the Mental Status Exam (MSE; Talbott, Hales, & Yudofsky, 1988). When psychiatric patients are interviewed, insight is typically assessed by determining “if the patient realizes that he is ill and the problem is in his own mind” (MacKinnon & Yudofsky, 1986). Much of the empirical work in this area, found primarily in the literature on schizophrenia, has approached the subject of insight from this perspective-that is, narrowly defined as the patient’s perception of illness. However, a broader perspective on insight can also be found. Traditionally, a defining feature of mental health has been the capacity for accurate perceptions of the self, the environment, and the future -that is, insight as defined by a global capacity for realistic thinking. Although it has received little empirical validation, this view is strongly held among mental health professionals, particularly those working with the major psychiatric disorders characterized by psychosis. The conventional wisdom with regard to the disorders of mood is consistent with this view. Commonly, mood disorders have been conceptualized as either due to, or characterized by, inaccurate, distorted, and self-punitive thinking (Beck, 1967, 1986; Seligman, et al., 1988).
The Relationship Between Insight in Psychosis and Compliance with Medications
Authors: Mcevoy Joseph P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a terrible illness. It most commonly strikes people at a young age. It severely limits their potential to work and support themselves, to marry, and to have satisfying relationships. If untreated, it pushes its victims to the sidelines of existence, where they waste their lives attending to hallucinatory perceptions or preoccupied with mistaken beliefs. Acute exacerbations of schizophrenia bring immediate dangers to afflicted patients themselves, pain and hardship to their families, and steep financial costs to society. It is a chronic disease and, especially if untreated, may follow a deteriorating, dilapidated course (Wyatt, 1991).
The Clinical Importance of Insight
Authors: David Anthony S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume attests to the revival in interest in the concept of insight in psychosis since Aubrey Lewis’s first foray into this area in 1934. A number of reviews have preceded it and have paved its way (see, for example, David, 1990; Amador, Strauss, Yale, & Gorman 1991; Ghaemi & Pope, 1994). Assessing insight has always been seen as an important part of phenomenology and psychopathology, and is defined in most textbooks of psychiatry and abnormal psychology, although usage and definitions of the term vary (Markova & Berrios, 1992; Berrios & Markova, chap. 2). The clinical importance of insight is now being studied. Certain themes have been addressed, such as the relationship between insight and treatment compliance (McEvoy, Apperson, et al., 1989a; Buchanan, 1992; McEvoy, chap. 14; McFarlane, chap. 16); acting upon hallucinations (Rogers, Gillis, Turner, & Frise-Smith, 1990) and delusions (Buchanan et al., 1993; Buchanan & Wessely chap. 12; Torrey, chap. 13), and the nature of delusions (Garety, chap. 4); the specificity of poor insight for the diagnosis of schizophrenia (Amador et al., 1994; Wing, Cooper, & Sartorius, 1974; Amador & Kronengold, chap. 4); the relationship of insight with depression (Kiersky, chap. 6) and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Cuesta & Peralta, 1994; Kemp & Lambert, 1995; Selten, chap.
Examples
Authors: Easton Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A mathematical model of a physical system consists of a set which represents all “states” of the system together with a law which determines the time evolution of states. Part of a scientist’s job is to identify the relevant set of states and to propose the law which governs their evolution. For example, states for Newton’s model of the solar system consist of all positions and velocities of the sun and planets. The law of evolution is determined by a system of second-order differential equations. Newton’s model does not include effects due to the spins, oblateness, magnetic fields of the sun and planets, or the effect of the solar wind. With most models, not every effect is taken into account, just the essential effects. Success of a model is judged by comparing its predictions with observations. Study of a successful model often provides new insight into the physical system being studied and it may suggest new experiments. For Newton’s model of the solar system, the differential equations governing the motion cannot be solved in terms of elementary functions. Attempts to solve these equations approximately using computers are successful over time periods of thousands of years, but they are not accurate over millions or hundreds of millions of years. Round-off errors and truncation errors due to the numerical method tend to grow over time and these eventually limit accuracy. Furthermore, deterministic chaos or instability in the dynamics may cause errors to grow exponentially in time. Attempts to model the solar system illustrate that even when the physical laws governing the evolution of a system are exactly known, and the initial state of the system is exactly known, there may be no practical way of predicting the state far in the future. This presents a new challenge to the modern scientific method which is just beginning to be appreciated and addressed.
The Conley Index
Authors: Easton Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we investigate properties of the set of orbits trapped by an isolating block. One can restrict the dynamics to a block by collapsing its exit set. The quotient space derived from the block is called the index space. A derived dynamical system called the index map is defined on this space and has the collapsed exit set as a fixed point. The index space together with the index map is called the Conley index of the hlock. An induced map on the homology groups of the index space is the index homomorphism. If the index homomorphism is nontrivial, then so is the set of orbits trapped by the block. The Conley index for an isolated invariant set is defined by taking the direct limit of the indices of a sequence of isolating blocks which converge to the set.
Symplectic Maps
Authors: Easton Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Symplectic maps are the discrete analog of Hamiltonian dynamical systems. They are used to model dynamics when there is no friction or dissipation of energy. The fixed-time map of a Hamiltonian flow is a symplectic map. Symplectic maps are volume preserving, and preserve a symplectic structure. Symplectic structures are defined in terms of differential forms. The reader will find a brief discussion of tensors, differential forms, and manifolds in Appendix C. Symplectic manifolds are discussed in Appendix D.
Pleistocene Herpetofaunas Of North America
Authors: Holman J Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One hundred and seventy Pleistocene sites from mainland North America (excluding Mexico) are reviewed in this chapter. To simplify the documentation of these sites, North America has been divided into eight regions (Fig. 29). These regions are based largely on the relative density of herpetofaunal sites in certain areas of North America, and thus they do not always coincide with what would be considered “natural” biotic regions today. Within each region, fossil herpetofaunal sites are numbered consecutively and designated either as “Sites of Special Interest” or as “Other Important Sites.” Several North American sites with less than three herpetological species were omitted from this book if these species were well-documented elsewhere in the region. Whenever possible, the order of arrangement of the sites in each region is based on the following criteria: (1) age, either absolute or estimated on the basis of fauna or stratigraphy; (2) east to west location of the sites, generally within tiers of states, and (3) north to south location in restricted geographic areas. Complete faunal lists are provided with each site of special interest, and at the end of each regional account, a summary list of the entire Pleistocene herpetofauna of the region is given with site numbers provided for each identified taxon.
Checklist Measurement of Stressful Life Events
Authors: Turner R Jay , Wheaton Blair 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As noted in the preceding chapter, epidemiological research on the significance of social stress for health and well-being can be traced to the 1930s. However, the onset of the continuing preoccupation among epidemiologists with the role and significance of life stress followed Holmes and Rahe’s (1967) publication of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). This instrument elaborated the Schedule of Recent Experiences (Hawkins, Davies, & Holmes, 1957) by employing a panel of judges to rate the amount of adjustment they thought each event would typically require. In retrospect, the most crucial effect of this innovation may have been its contribution to the face validity of the checklist approach.
Interview Measurement of Stressful Life Events
Authors: Wethington Elaine , Brown George W , Kessler Ronald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A critical component of establishing the overall relationship between environmental stressors and individual health and well-being is the utilization of a comprehensive, reliable, and valid measure of stressful life events and difficulties. Two methods of life events measurement predominate: checklist measures (see Chapter 2, this volume) and intensive personal interview measures, which use qualitative probes in order to specify more precisely the characteristics of life events believed to produce stress. These two sorts of measures have evolved from different, although not mutually exclusive, theories of what constitutes stress. As a concomitant to their origins in different theories of stress, these measures have also been shaped in response to different research questions and paradigms.
Measurement of Affective Response
Authors: Stone Arthur A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Affect has a long history in the social and behavioral sciences. It has played a central role in a wide range of theoretical developments and has comprised a large and active field of investigation. One reason for this prominence is that affect and mood are ubiquitous phenomena that are of intrinsic importance to all of us. Even without the benefit of research, each of us knows the relevance of changing affective states and our efforts to achieve the best possible mood. From a clinical perspective, extremes of mood partially define major psychiatric conditions (mania, depression, panic). These observations attest to the significance of affect in our everyday lives and to the importance of understanding the determinants of affect.
Measurement of Stress Hormones
Authors: Baum Andrew , Grunberg Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The broad applicability or pervasiveness of stress has made it a useful construct in a variety of areas of study, ranging from human performance and mood to eating, drug use, and the aetiology and progression of disease. As a result, a wide range of stress outcomes have been studied, and changes related to this syndrome have been considered in models of diverse phenomena. One consequence of this breadth of study is diffusion of the hazy meaning of the construct: Does stress consist of sympathetic nervous system-driven physiological and biochemical changes, or is it simply emotional turmoil? Are measures of blood pressure or urinary catecholamines equivalent to measures of negative mood and performance deficits?These and other issues have punctuated the expansion of stress study to include measures of neuroendocrine activity and discussion of exactly what these measures are.
The African Enterprise
Authors: Winch Julie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Restoration of peace between the United States and Great Britain was welcome news to James Forten, and it was news he knew would be equally pleasing to his old friend, New England merchant and shipowner Captain Paul Cuffe. Forten and Cuffe both relied on international trade for their livelihood and they recognized that war was bad for business. Both were deeply religious men who preferred peace to war for moral and spiritual reasons. And both rejoiced at the ending of the war because it meant they could at long last revive a project that had come to mean a great deal to them. What neither James Forten nor Paul Cuffe could know was that in two short years they would be separated by a widening ideological gulf and that the scheme they both embraced with such enthusiasm in 1815 would, by 1817, cause great trepidation within the Northern free black community.
Legacy
Authors: Winch Julie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
James Forten Cast a long shadow. His legacy was a complex one that both burdened and blessed his heirs. There was the constant pressure to live up to his example. Abolitionists, black and white, expected a continued commitment from the family. Many in the African-American community looked to the Forten clan for leadership and guidance. And then there was the question of continued success in business.James Forten had been a self-made man. His sons, who had received far better educations and many more material advantages than he, could surely improve on their inheritance. Those who traded with the firm of James Forten and Sons expected it. In so many ways the Forten name weighed heavily on James Forten’s heirs, overwhelming some of them as it energized and inspired others to carry on his work.