bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaged Scholarship
Authors: Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relationship between theory and practice, research and action, is fundamental to all fields of applied social science. Should research findings and knowledge be useful for science, practice, and policy? If so, how should such research be designed, carried out and disseminated to achieve the twin goals of rigor and relevance? These challenges are particularly relevant in the applied areas of management and organization studies where there is a distinct responsibility for researchers to engage with the ‘real world’. In this carefully crafted and thoughtful book, leading management researcher Andrew Van de Ven both presents the broad intellectual challenge of ‘engaged scholarship’, and also sets out a clear framework and guidelines for carrying out soundly based and useful research for advancing both science and practice. At a time when some may question the value and status of academic knowledge; and others, contrastingly, urge a closer relationship between researchers and research users – be they businesses, governments or other institutions – the challenge of engaged scholarship is as relevant as ever, and there is a real need for the thoughtful and considered approach offered by Van de Ven. The book both provides a manifesto for engaged scholarship in the social sciences, and clear framework for research design and methodology. It will be an invaluable reference point and guide for academics, researchers and graduate students across the social sciences concerned with rigorous and relevant research in the contemporary world.
Philosophy of Science Underlying Engaged Scholarship
Authors: Bechara John P , Van de Ven Andrew H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of us are practitioners—not philosophers—of science. We don’t think much about ontology and epistemology so that we can get on with the craft of doing research instead of talking about it. But underlying any form of research is a philosophy of science that informs us of the nature of the phenomenon examined (ontology) and methods for understanding it (epistemology). Whether explicit or implicit, we rely on a philosophy of science to interpret the meanings, logical relations, and consequences of our observational and theoretical statements.
Poverty as a Form of Oppression
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can poverty be described as the violation of a fundamental human right? Human rights are usually understood in a more restrictive sense, which makes it possible to think that the glaring economic inequalities prevailing today are in theory compatible with a perfect observance of fundamental rights. If from now on poverty were to be itself perceived as a violation of these rights, the widespread self-satisfaction of the richest countries, based on the idea that their institutions represent an advanced or even the ultimate stage of respect for fundamental rights, would be completely called into question.
Responsibility and Severe Poverty
Authors: Wenar Leif 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human rights define the most fundamental responsibilities of those who hold power. In the cases of the Holocaust, or of the Rwandan massacres, we do not need a theory to tell us who was responsible for the violations of human rights. The violators were those who authorized and carried out the atrocities, who failed so conspicuously in their duties toward the humans that became their victims. The subject of this volume presents a more difficult question: Who, if anyone, is morally responsible for acting to alleviate severe poverty? Here our convictions are less steady.
Global Poverty and Human Rights: The Case for Positive Duties
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The moral seriousness of the existence of global poverty is hard to dispute. According to recent UN figures, 1.2 billion people have to survive on less than $1 per day (UNDP 2000: 8). Furthermore, 790 million people are in hunger and cannot readily obtain food (ibid.). The same report records that ‘More than a billion people in developing countries lack access to safe water, and more than 2.4 billion people lack adequate sanitation’ (UNDP 2000: 4). Some political leaders have recognized the moral urgency of this situation.
Intellectual Property Activity by Service Sector and Manufacturing Firms in the United Kingdom, 1996–2000
Authors: Greenhalgh Christine , Rogers Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The services sector now contributes the major share of output and employment in advanced countries and also makes a growing contribution to the balance of payments via earnings on invisibles. The old view of services exhibiting slow productivity growth in contrast to high-productivity manufacturing has been substantially modified and the new view recognizes the existence of dynamic high-technology innovation within both manufacturing and services (Miles 2000). Thus, financial services have been identified as an important source of productivity growth and as a conduit for innovation (Greenhalgh and Gregory 2000, 2001) and the rapidly developing communications sector is acknowledged as an integral part of the ‘new economy’ (Wadhwani 2001).
The Nuremberg Trial: Landmark in Law
Authors: Stimson Henry L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the confusion and disquiet of the war’s first aftermath, there has been at least one great event from which we may properly take hope. ;e surviving leaders of the Nazi conspiracy against mankind have been indicted, tried, and judged in a proceeding whose magnitude and quality make it a landmark in the history of international law. great undertaking at Nuremberg can live and grow in meaning, however, only if its principles are rightly understood and accepted. It is therefore disturbing to find that its work is criticized and even challenged as lawless by many who should know better. In the deep conviction that this trial deserves to be known and valued as a long step ahead on the only upward road, I venture to set down my general view of its nature and accomplishment.
The Legacies of Nuremberg
Authors: Luban David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forty-two years ago, on November 20, 1945, the trial of the major war criminals of third Reich began in the ruined city of Nuremberg. It is a commonplace that the trial was an ‘historic’ occasion, that it left a legacy for future generations. men who conceived and conducted the trial understood it that way; they intended it to be epoch-making, and viewed their own words and deeds from the perspective of a distant and more pacific age. They guessed boldly at the judgment history would pass upon the meaning of the trial.
In Defense of Liberal Show Trials—Nuremberg and Beyond
Authors: Osiel Mark J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We ought to evaluate transitions to democracy with greater attention to the kind of public discussion they foster concerning the human rights abuse perpetrated by authoritarian rulers, recently deposed. We should evaluate the prosecution of these perpetrators in light of how it influences such public deliberation. At such times, the need for public reckoning with the question of how such horrific events could have happened is more important to democratization than the criminal law’s more traditional objectives. This because such trials, when effective as public spectacle, stimulate public discussion in ways that foster the liberal virtues of toleration, moderation, and civil respect. Criminal trials must be conducted with this pedagogical purpose in mind.
The Morality of War and the Law of War
Authors: McMahan Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a general presumption that the law should be congruent with morality—that is, that the prohibitions and permissions in the law should correspond to the prohibitions and permissions of morality. And indeed in most areas of domestic law, and perhaps especially in the criminal law, the elements of the law do in general derive more or less directly from the requirements of morality. I will argue in this chapter, however, that this correspondence with morality does not and, at present, cannot hold in the case of the international law of war. For various reasons, largely pragmatic in nature, the law of war must be substantially divergent from the morality of war.
Is the Independent Application of jus in bello the Way to Limit War?
Authors: Coates Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like any historical tradition, the just war tradition is full of internal variety, comprising different schools of thought, which are often at odds with each other over fundamentals. Yet, in many contemporary accounts of the tradition, this variable aspect is overlooked or suppressed, with the result that one particular, but quite unrepresentative, school of just war thought is made to speak for the tradition as a whole. The attribution of the independence–symmetry thesis is a case in point.
History and Persistence of an Idea and an Ideal
Authors: Horton Sylvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public service has several meanings. First, ‘the public service’ refers to people employed by governments to carry out the administrative functions of the state; second, a public service refers to a service authorized and funded by government. Third, a public service can also refer to any service provided to the public. Finally, public service can refer to the motivation of people who feel a sense of duty or responsibility for contributing to the welfare of others and to the common good of the community or society. Public service, in the first sense, can be traced back to the ancient Egyptian, Persian, Chinese, and Roman civilizations (B. Chapman, 1959), but these are normally distinguished from the public services or bureaucracies which emerged with the creation of ‘states’ in sixteenth-century Europe. As the role and functions of these states and their governments grew, so did the public services they provided and the size and powers of their bureaucracies. Services to the public, however, have always been provided by nongovernmental organizations including voluntary organizations (free) and private businesses (for profit).
Behavioral Dynamics: Institutions, Identities, and Self-Regulation
Authors: Perry James L , Vandenabeele Wouter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our goal in this chapter is to develop a theory of motivation that serves as an alternative to rational choice theories that are influential in research about motivation. It seeks to embed motivation in organizations in a larger context. That motivation is, at least in part, tied to context has been argued persuasively elsewhere (Perry & Porter, 1982; Rainey, 1979, 1983). The theory developed here builds upon prior efforts (Perry, 2000; Vandenabeele, 2007) to articulate a theory of public service motivation.
International Differences in Public Service Motivation: Comparing Regions across the World
Authors: Vandenabeele Wouter , Walle Steven Van de 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public service motivation has become an important public administration concept for scholars (Mann, 2006; Perry & Wise, 1990) and practitioners (Pattakos, 2004). The literature cites incidences of public service motivation in various geographical settings around the world. Although most of the literature on public service motivation, or related concepts such as public service ethos, is still mainly focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom, research is being extended to new geographic contexts such as Western Europe (Castaing, 2006; Steijn, 2006; Vandenabeele & Hondeghem, 2004), Southern Europe (Camilleri, 2006, 2007; Cerase & Farinella, 2006), and Australia (Taylor, 2007). The concept is also found in Asia, which highlights the universal character of the topic (Choi, 2004; Kim, 2005; Turner & Halligan, 1999).
The Dynamics of Strategy
Authors: Robertson Duncan A , Caldart Adrián A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the life span of business models reduces, firms have had to review their strategic intent, develop strategic initiatives in fast and imaginative ways, and engage in major reorganization. This book examines the dynamics of strategy and helps to make sense of the processes of strategizing and organizing in a dynamic environment. The Dynamics of Strategy draws on theoretical perspectives that enable readers to describe and understand the dynamics of the firm’s competitive landscape, the dynamics of the organizational landscape, and the interdependencies between these landscapes. The book combines research rooted in economics and organizational theory, and also builds on interdisciplinary studies using a wide range of research paradigms and methods. This broad range of theoretical perspectives allows a comprehensive analysis of the complex and multidimensional problems facing the contemporary fi rm. In order to help the reader connect sound theory with the reality of strategy, theoretical discussion is illustrated with case studies of firms from a wide range of industries. Written for managers and management students, The Dynamics of Strategy provides a roadmap to understanding the dynamics of organizing and strategizing.
Restructuring of the European Political Centre: Withering Liberal and Persisting Agrarian Party Families
Authors: Ruostetsaari Ilkka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In general one can distinguish between two approaches to party ideologies. The difference between them lies in the assumed responsiveness of parties to the opinions of voters; while the first approach is focused on the competitiveness of parties, the second pursues an institutional approach. The first approach which owes much to the ideas of Anthony Downs is associated with authors who relate party ideology to spatial competition between parties.
Socialist and Communist Members of Parliament: Distinctiveness, Convergence, and Variance
Authors: Ilonszki Gabriella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the parliamentary representatives of the socialist and communist parties. The analysis of these two party families is a particularly challenging task because their transformation throughout more than a century offers an insight into how the often turbulent political history of these parties had an impact on the representative bodies. As both party groups were latecomers (initially outsiders or even challengers to the existing regimes), one can assume that also their representatives were different from those of more established groups.
International Judges and International Law A Matter of Interpretation
Authors: Terris Daniel , Romano Cesare P R , Swigart Leigh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Judges and Justices are servants of the law, not the other way around. Judges are like um- pires. Umpires don ‘t make the rules, they apply them. The role of an umpire and a judge is critical. They make sure everybody plays by the rules, but it is a limited role. Nobody ever went to a ball game to see the umpire. Judges have to have the humility to recognize that they operate within a system of precedent shaped by other judges equally striving to live up to the judicial oath.
Between Law and Politics The Fiction of Seclusion
Authors: Terris Daniel , Romano Cesare P R , Swigart Leigh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even in the most established democracies, judges live under the threat of intrusion by political forces. By their very nature, judicial decisions are bound to disappoint large numbers of people; inevitably some of those people seek to achieve their ends by undermining the authority and the legitimacy of the courts. This process is magniﬁed in the international arena, where the very legitimacy of law itself is still a matter of debate. Caught between powerful global actors, international courts are fragile institutions, vulnerable to both overt and subtle attempts to sway or undermine their work. International judges cannot afford to turn a blind eye to this aspect of their professional environment.
History and Industrial Relations
Authors: Lyddon David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most students of industrial relations would agree that its acceptance as a distinct academic subject in British universities can be dated to the mid-to late 1960s. Large scale academic involvement in the Donovan Commission (1965-68), and particularly in the National Board for Prices and Incomes (NBPI) (1965–71) and the Commission on Industrial Relations (CIR) (1969–74), coincided with the launching of academic journals (1963, 1970), masters’ degrees at the London School of Economics (LSE) (1964) and Warwick (1967), and the establishment of the Industrial Relations Research Unit (1970). Yet the British state’s need for ‘independent’ personnel with industrial relations expertise predated this by several decades and gave the subject an indelibly ‘practical’ stamp. Academics were among those who sat on the wage-fixing boards established by the Trade Boards Act 1909 and who acted as arbitrators during the First World War.
Industrial Relations in Australia
Authors: Lansbury Russell D , Michelson Grant 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers a specific regional perspective to the study of industrial relations and the future of work issues examined in this book. As one of the few Anglophone countries where the state has traditionally been a major actor in the industrial relations system,1 scholarship in Australia has been strongly embedded in institutional analyses of the employment relationship. However, widespread change to the industrial relations landscape over the last decade has begun to alter this focus. While institutions such as trade unions, employer associations, and industrial tribunals remain important, there has been a discernible shift from a rather centralized system towards a more decentralized system. Accompanying this shift have been disciplinary challenges to mainstream industrial relations from cognate areas such as human resource management as well as the ascendancy of a neo-liberal economic agenda in the political domain.
Industrial Relations in Continental Europe
Authors: Frege Carola M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter compares the disciplinary traditions of industrial relations in continental Europe and Anglo-Saxon countries and argues that industrial relations has not become an independent academic discipline in continental Europe, that this work is undertaken by various social sciences, mainly by industrial sociology, and that it has significantly different characteristics compared to Anglo-Saxon research. Cross-country differences in industrial relations research have hardly been problematized in the literature partly because of the undisputed dominance of Anglo Saxon (i.e., American) research. However, in the face of the current gloomy prognoses of our discipline (Jarley et al. 2001) it might be useful to explore a possible alternative to the quantitative methodology and human resource management topics which increasingly dominate Anglo-Saxon research, and that is the political tradition of industrial relations research in continental Europe.
The Scope of Citizenship in a Democratized European Union From Ecomonic to Political to Social and Cultural?
Authors: Schmitter Philippe C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Citizenship has recently become a much discussed, if still unresolved, concept. It seems to begin with the acquisition of a status or condition, protected by law, that grants to a select group—usually native born (iussoli) or genetically correct (ius sanguinis) adults—a general equality of opportunity and treatment with respect to a (varied) bundle of rights and obligations. It becomes a practice or process whereby those who have that status make use of it—politically, legally, administratively, economically, and socially—to reduce their uncertainties and satisfy their interests. Presumably, it terminates in a result or product which is, legitimacy, i.e. the integration of citizens in conformity to the norms and practices of the polity that granted them the status in the first place.
Requirements of a European Public Sphere Civil Society, Self, and the Institutionalization of Citizenship
Authors: Closa Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The energies devoted to the characterization of European citizenship and the deficiencies in the democratic quality of the EU have been enormous. In the case of citizenship, analysis has been grounded in solid empirical evidence provided by EC law, because of the very fact that citizenship is a juridical institution. Allegedly, analysis has been enriched by historical or national comparisons, since nation states have been the traditional conceptual setting for this institution. EU democracy, on the other hand, has been characteristically and predominately tackled from an orientation towards designing institutional solutions. In either case, the suitability of the conceptual settings provided by nation states for constructing both supranational democracy and citizenship have yet to be proved.
Political Economy of the Kyoto Protocol
Authors: Barrett* Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Kyoto Protocol, negotiated in December 1997, is a climate change treaty with a difference. Unlike the Framework Convention on Climate Change that preceded it, the Kyoto Protocol incorporates targets and timetables -that is, ceilings on the emissions of greenhouse gases and dates by which these ceilings must be met. And though global emissions will continue to rise, even if the protocol is implemented to the letter, the reduction from a business-as-usual emissions bench-mark may be close to being optimal in the sense of balancing the global marginal costs and benefits of abatement.
Environmental and Public Finance Aspects of the Taxation of Energy
Authors: Smith* Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Ecotax reform’ has become a catchphrase with considerable political resonance in many European countries. A number of European governments have established Ecotax Commissions, or other study projects, to assess the potential for major environmentally inspired tax reform, and practical instances of environmental taxes have multiplied dramatically (OECD, 1995). In the UK, the arguments for ecotax reform-in various guises-have been adopted right across the political spectrum: both Conservative and Labour Chancellors of the Exchequer have taken tax policy measures which they justified by using some of the arguments used by the supporters of ecotax reform, and the Liberal Democrats have adopted a more fundamental ecotax programme as party policy.
Water Pollution, Abstraction, and Economic Instruments
Authors: Cowan* Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since environmental issues returned to prominence in the 1980s it has become common for governments to emphasize that cost-benefit analysis should play a role in the design of pollution standards and that economic instruments, such as taxes and tradable permits, should be used to achieve these standards. Such sentiments were expressed in the Rio Declaration on Climate Change and, at the European Union (EU) level, when the European Community Fifth Environmental Action Programme was adopted.