bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐irradiation of pregnant mongolian gerbils
Authors: McGaughey R. W. , Chang M. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFemale Mongolian gerbils were x‐irradiated at various doses from 200r to 1200r on day 2 (fertilized eggs at 2‐cell stage) or day 9 (embryos at the early primitive streak stage) after mating and examined on day 18. No significant differences in numbers of corpora lutea were observed between controls and females irradiated at 200–800r on day 2 or day 9, although irradiation at 1200r on day 2 caused regression of all corpora lutea. Preimplantation loss as determined by the proportion of eggs that failed to implant in the pregnant females, was significantly increased only in the females irradiated at 1200r on day 2 (100% loss) as compared with control animals. The mean numbers of fetuses were significantly reduced in the females irradiated on day 2 at 400r (3.00 ± .71) and at 800r (1.2 ± .37), or on day 9 at 400r (3.0 ± 1.14) or at 800r (0) as compared with controls (5.4 ± .51). The embryonic loss after but not before implantation was significantly increased in all irradiated animals except those irradiated at 200r on day 9. When mated females irradiated at 400r or 800r on day 2 were examined on day 12, 15 or 16 of pregnancy, the mean diameter of implantation sites was significantly smaller in the females irradiated at 800r on day 2 (5.4 ± 0.53 mm) than those in the control females (9.3 ± 0.17 mm). No gross abnormalities of fetuses were observed in the control animals, only two abnormal out of 21 fetuses were found in females irradiated on day 2, but various abnormalities, such as retarded development, cleft palate, spina bifida, acephaly or amorphous fetuses were observed in 20 out of 45 fetuses from females irradiated at 200–400r on day 9. Histological examination of ovaries revealed that all pregnant females had fully developed corpora lutea while the ovaries of females without implantation sites following irradiation contained regressing corpora lutea, and in some cases newly formed corpora lutea. The number and morphology of chromosomes of embryos from females irradiated at 400r or 800r were examined, but no differences were found as compared with embryos of control animals.It appears that whereas x‐irradiation of the 2‐cell gerbil eggs increased the mortality of implanted embryos, irradiation of the early primitive streak stage caused embryonic death as well as developmental abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities of fetuses however were not observed.
The early development of the parotid gland around the facial nerve and its branches in man
Authors: Gasser Raymond F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe manner in which the parotid gland forms around the related facial nerve branches was studied with the aid of reconstructions in 15 human embryos and fetuses 18 to 80 mm, crown‐rump length, 7+ to 13.5 weeks (w), menstrual age. Peripheral branches of the nerve terminate in the cervicomandibular region at 18 mm (7+w), when the unbranched parotid bud is farther rostral. By 22 mm (8w), a small nerve branch approaches the buccal region superficial to the bud that extends toward the preauricular region. At 26 mm (8.5w), several nerve branches course superficial to the parotid primordium which has first order ductules and is adjacent to the masseter muscle. Second order ductules form quickly (27 mm, 8.5w) as the primordium approaches the superficial aspect of the lower buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical nerve branches. The primordium enters the parotid space by 32 mm (9w) as third order ductules develop. At 37 mm (10w), it has fourth order ductules and the buccal nerve branches are superficial to the main duct. Nerve branches of the temporofacial ramus (temporal, zygomatic and upper buccal) occupy a superficial position in the primordium whereas branches of the cervicofacial ramus (lower buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical) are deeper. A similar arrangement is evident at 56–80 mm (11.5–13.5w) when the complex primordium has connections with its superficial and deep portions between many nerve branches.
The ultrastructure of the human circumvallate papilla. I. Cilia of the papillary crypt
Authors: Mattern Carl F. T. , Daniel Wendell A. , Henkin Robert I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCilia‐bearing cells have been observed near the bottom of the crypt of the human circumvallate papilla, between the lower taste buds and the duct of von Ebner's gland. It is likely that they serve one or more of the following functions: cleansing the papillary crypt, circulation of tastants, and bathing the pores of the taste bud in the various fluid secretions of the oral cavity.The kinetosomes of these cells were observed to possess typical transitional fibers and rootlets with periodic structure. In addition, a single, lateral, satellite‐like projection from the midregion of the kinetosome was connected to microtubules which coursed deeply with the mitochondria‐rich cytoplasm as did fine fibrils and some rootlets.
The effect of aging on damage induced hair growth in C57BL/6J female mice
Authors: Argyris Thomas S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPreviously it has been shown that wounds made on the backs of female C57BL/6J mice result in the stimulation of growth of resting hair follicles surrounding the wound. Since aging is known to affect regenerative processes, the question arises if aging affects the stimulation of hair growth in wound healing.Surgical wounds 5mm in length were made on the backs of female C57BL/6J mice between 367–544 days of age. Mice were examined daily for the stimulation of hair growth around the wound, as well as the amount of hair growth stimulation.Damage results in the stimulation of growth of the resting hair follicles surrounding the wound. Hair growth stimulation is first grossly evident 20 days after wounding. This is not significantly different from the time hair growth stimulation appears in young female mice.Aging results, however, in a significant decrease in the amount of hair growth stimulation surrounding the wounds in female mice.
Axon caliber related to neurofilaments and microtubules in sciatic nerve fibers of rats and mice
Authors: Friede Reinhard L. , Samorajski T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe number of neurofilaments and microtubules present in nerve fibers was determined for sciatic nerves from adult mice and from rats of three different ages. More microtubules than neurofilaments were found in nonmyelinated fibers; the ratio of tubules/filaments was reversed in myelinated fibers and was found to change with axon caliber independent of the presence of a myelin sheath. A series of regression analyses indicated that axon caliber correlates best with the sum of the number of neurofilaments and microtubules per fiber. This correlation was only slightly better than that for neurofilaments alone. Axon caliber also correlated better with the filament‐tubular material than with the thickness of the myelin sheath. The results were similar for both rats and mice, and age differences were not apparent in the samples of nerves analyzed.
C cell follicles in the dog thyroid: Demonstration by in vivo perfusion
Authors: Teitelbaum Steven L. , Moore Kenneth E. , Shieber William 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe histology and ultrastructure of the parafollicular cells of eight dog thyroids were studied by various methods of fixation. The best preservation resulted from in vivo perfusion with glutaraldehyde. When prepared in this manner clusters of C cells were seen to possess follicular and canalicular systems. Coated vesicles were noted at various luminal surfaces and at the basilar plasma membrane. The authors conclude that the maintenance of intracapillary pressure during fixation is essential for the demonstration of normal histological and ultrastructural anatomy of the thyroid.
Fine structure of the epithelial dental organ in the frog during early odontogenesis
Authors: Zaki A. E. , Yaeger James A. , Gillette Roy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA total of 227 tooth germs in different developmental stages were dissected from the maxillae of 58 leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Five fixatives and three buffers were used and optimum preservation of the odontogenic epithelium was observed in specimens fixed in cold 4% glutaraldehyde at pH 7.3 for three hours followed by 1% osmium tetroxide for one hour. The inner dental epithelium showed mitotic figures limited to the initial stage of odontogenesis. The cells contained numerous free ribosomes, tonofilaments, few mitochondria and sporadic cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Their distal portions were drawn into processes studded with numerous hemidesmosomes. At a later stage of development yet prior to amelogenesis, these processes disappeared. The preameloblasts followed two pathways of histodifferentiation depending on their location. Ventrolabially the columnar cells exhibited progressive differentiation in contrast to the cuboidal cells on the ventrolingual surfaces of the cusps.The external dental epithelial cells were flattened, closely packed and connected by numerous desmosomes. Their cytoplasm contained mainly mitochondria and tonofilaments, as well as few Golgi vesicles. With the beginning of amelogenesis large intercellular spaces and lysosomal‐like bodies were frequently observed and the Golgi complex is more prominent.We concluded that at early odontogenesis the epithelio‐mesodermal interaction in the frog's dental organ is similar to that of mammalian species but the frog's internal epithelium shows a different pattern of histodifferentiation.
The prenatal development of the mouse eye
Authors: Pei Y. F. , Rhodin J. A. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe development of the eye has been studied in mouse embryos from the ninth day through the nineteenth day of gestation. The tissue was fixed in aldehydes, post‐osmicated and embedded in Epon. The entire eye was sectioned and studied under the light microscope. The development of the eye in the prenatal period is described as having seven stages. In the first stage, the close contact of the optic vesicle with the surface ectoderm is observed. The retinal disc and lens placode begins to form. The second stage shows the invagination of the optic vesicle and the contraction of the margin of the lens pit. In the third stage, the optic cup differentiates into an outer pigment epithelium and an inner retinal layer. The cells of the posterior lens wall start to elongate. During the fourth stage, the cavity of the lens vesicle is completely obliterated by primary lens fibers and the inner neuroblastic layer of the retina is formed with nerve fibers being traced from its cells to the optic stalk. The fifth stage is dominated by the appearance of lids, cornea and optic nerve, the formation of the anterior chamber and the consolidation of the intraocular portion of the embryonic vascular system. In the sixth stage, the eyelids fuse and the anterior margin of the optic cup begins to grow actively. In the last prenatal stage, the third neuron layer of the retina begins to differentiate. The iris and the folds of the ciliary body can be detected.
Structure and innervation of the ciliary processes of the albino rabbit eye
Authors: Pataky Paul E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVarious physiological and anatomical studies have suggested that the ciliary epithelium may be under the influence of adrenergic nerve fibers. This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the innervation of the ciliary epithelium. Both light and electron microscopy revealed that the ciliary epithelium is only sparsely innervated. In addition, the ciliary epithelium overlies a highly vascular stroma, and the distance between the large vascular channels and the ciliary epithelium is small. These features of the stroma indicate it is structurally suited for a transport function, a fact which supports earlier reports that the elaborate membrane infoldings of the ciliary epithelium are indicative of a transport function. The discrepancy between previous descriptions of the innervation of the ciliary epithelium, demonstrating complex subepithelial plexuses of adrenergic nerve fibers, and the results of the present study may be due to the fact that the fluorescence technique used in previous studies could have labelled some other tissue component in addition to adrenergic nerve fibers. Results with orcein and aldehyde fuchsin stains indicate that the disposition of elastic fibers in the ciliary processes is similar to previous descriptions of adrenergic nerve fibers as determined by fluorescent techniques.
The allantoic membrane of the rabbit: Evidence of a cholinergic electrical potential
Authors: Burt Alvin M. , Brzin Miro , Davies Jack 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe electrical potential of the rabbit allantoic membrane is sensitive to acetylcholine, a sensitivity which can be altered or abolished by anticholinesterase compounds. Biochemical and histochemical studies indicates that acetylcholinesterase activity is present in the endodermal layer of the membrane. These findings suggest that the allantois may be a valuable model for investigations into the role of acetylcholinesterase in membrane excitability.
Radioautographic study of RNA synthesis in normal and actinomycin D treated rat embryos
Authors: Jordan Robert L. , Wilson James G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIncorporation of tritiated uridine in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues of normal and actinomycin D treated rats was determined by radioautography on days 7 through 11 of gestation. Precursor incorporation was equated with RNA synthesis and correlated with developmental events and with previously determined teratogenic effects of actinomycin D.Uptake of uridine increased progressively in untreated animals from days 7 through 10 in decidua, trophoblastic giant cells, and visceral and parietal yolk sac endoderm, and remained relatively high in all except visceral yolk endoderm which dropped sharply on day 11. Actinomycin D did not significantly alter uptake in decidua and parietal yolk sac endoderm but caused appreciable reduction of uptake in trophoblast and visceral yolk sac epithelium on days 9 and 10.Uridine incorporation in embryonic ectoderm of untreated animals was relatively low but measurable at all times after day 7 and increased steadily through day 11. It was significantly depressed by actinomycin D on days 9 and 10. These observations correlated well with known developmental events and with teratogenic manifestations following actinomycin D treatment.Tritiated actinomycin D was shown by radioautography to be present in the embryo on day 9, 10 and 11 of gestation, and was shown to be bound to DNA, by virtue of its disappearance after application of deoxyribonuclease. It was concluded that the teratogenic action of actinomycin D in rats is probably dependent on direct intraembryonic inhibition of RNA synthesis.
The occurrence and location of intrinsic cardiac ganglia and nerve plexuses in the human neonate
Authors: Smith R. B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe principal intrinsic ganglion sites in the human infant's heart have been described. They are arranged in six main groups. While most ganglia are associated with the atria, ventricular neurons have also been identified and their significance regarding possible ventricular parasympathetic innervation is discussed. The ganglia vary considerably in size, with most of the larger ones lying on the superior aspect of the heart near the superior vena cava, the aorta and pulmonary artery. They all possess well‐defined capsules. Most of the contained neurons appear to be multipolar, but pseudounipolar and occasional bipolar forms have been detected. Two plexuses exist in the parietal pericardium. Large complicated nerve endings described by previous writers have not been identified, but free endings might exist. Networks in the subepicardium, subendocardium and associated with the coronary arteries have been demonstrated and their functional significance is discussed. Nerve endings, either simple or complicated, were not seen in relation to these plexuses in this investigation.
Morphologic studies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vitro
Authors: Smith Ulf 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA simple method for in vitro studies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue is described. Explants of adipose tissue have been maintained in vitro for 30 weeks in Parker medium 199. The morphology of cultured explants compared well with that of freshly excised specimens. In the absence of serum there was no outgrowth of fibroblast‐like cells. When human serum was added to the medium at concentrations exceeding 5% there was a proliferation of fibroblast‐like cells. This cell proliferation could still be obtained when serum was added after two weeks of culture in a serum free medium. The adipose cells were isolated with collagenase and the cell size determined. Explants with an initial mean cell size larger than about 95 μ showed a significant decrease in cell size during the incubation. This could not be attributed to a traumatic effect. Metabolic differences between large and small adipose cells was suggested as a possible reason.
Glycogen content of rabbit tubular genitalia from mating through implantation
Authors: Gregoire A. T. , Hafs H. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGroups of five rabbits were killed at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 24, 48, 98, 168 and 240 hours after mating. The glycogen content of the lower half of the Fallopian tube was greater than in the upper half at each interval. Uterine and Fallopian tube levels of glycogen decreased during the interval from mating to ovulation. Both cervical and vaginal glycogen declined significantly within 24 hours after mating. Decidual uterine areas contained 1.5 and 5.0 times more glycogen on days 7 and 10, respectively, than interdecidual areas. Castrate rabbit Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and vagina responded with glycogen synthesis to estradiol, but not to progesterone administration.
A light and electron microscopic study of the nearly mature enamel of rat incisors
Authors: Warshawsky H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe structure of the organic matrix close to the mature enamel in 100 gm rat incisors was studied by light and electron microscopy using EDTA decalcified teeth.Under the light microscope, in 0.5 μ Epon sections, the enamel layer of cross sectioned upper incisors was about 60 μ thick. The inner enamel was about 40 μ thick and consisted of an initial enamel layer (4 μ) adjacent to the dentin in which no rod profiles were seen, and an inner layer proper which contained six to eight rows of oval‐shaped rod profiles set in a homogeneous background. The profiles in any given row were inclined mesially or laterally and alternated in adjacent rows. The outer enamel was about 20 μ thick and consisted of an outer enamel proper and a 2–4 μ thick final enamel layer which smoothed out the enamel surface. The outer enamel proper contained smaller elliptical rod profiles in a more abundant background. These profiles were not arranged in rows and were oriented at right angles to the enamel surface. The final enamel layer contained no rod profiles and was lined on its outer surface by a PA‐Schiff positive layer resembling a basement membrane.Under the electron microscope the matrix of rod profiles and interrod material could be distinguished. This consisted of aggregated tubular (and filamentous) subunits, 250 Å in diameter, with empty space between them. Within the rod profiles the subunits ran parallel to the rod's long axis, whereas in the interrod material the subunits were again parallel but but running at right angles to the subunits of the rods. In addition to forming the material between the rods, the interrod material also formed the initial and final enamel layers.
Morphology and microanatomy of the adrenal cortex of the coyote
Authors: Ogle Thomas F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe left adrenal in adult coyotes (25) was heavier than the right (P < 0.005). Adrenal weights of pups (3 males and 3 females) were not different (P > 0.05). Absolute adrenal weight in adult females was greater than in adult males (P < 0.01). In the six pups which were under seven months old the adrenals of males were heavier than in females (P < 0.025).Changes in the widths of adrenocortical zones were analyzed with regard to maturity. The width of the glomerular zone in immature coyotes was not different from mature animals. Immature males had a wider fasciculata than immature females (P < 0.01) and mature males (P < 0.01). The reticular zone exhibited the greatest relative growth with maturity in both sexes.Zona glomerular cells were columnar epithelia with oval nuclei which contained one or two nucleoli. Fascicular cells were polyhedral shaped with central nuclei which contained as many as three nucleoli. The zona reticularis was characterized by anastomosing cords. Nuclei were highly variable in size. Nucleoli were often dispersed around the nuclear membrane. Lipids were stored as large irregularly‐shaped droplets in the fasciculata and as small, round droplets in the reticularis.Cortical cells from coyotes of all ages showed the presence of histones; all zones reacted positively. Nucleoli and chromatin granules gave intense reactions, suggesting close association between histones and nuclear RNA and DNA.
The intermediate root of the trigeminal nerve in the dog (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Augustine James R. , Vidić Branislav , Young Paul A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe intermediate root of the trigeminal nerve in the dog has been investigated both macroscopically and microscopically. Sixty‐two trigeminal complexes (trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal roots and the portion of the pons to which the roots were attached) in the dog were dissected out and removed. Each of the complexes was fixed in 10% formalin, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were cut serially at 10 μ. Every other slide was either stained with Luxol Fast Blue or impregnated with Bodian's silver method. In all cases, between the motor and sensory roots an intermediate root composed of one distinct rootlet was identified. Most frequently the intermediate root was attached to the pons from 0.5 to 3.0 mm lateral to the motor root and rostral to the sensory root from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. From its pontine attachment the intermediate root extended anteromedially for a distance of from 2.0 to 5.0 mm before it became incorporated in the lateral aspect of the free motor root. Closer to the trigeminal ganglion the motor root and the intermediate root fused with the expanding sensory root. The fibers in the intermediate root ranged from 1.5 to 7.5 μ in diameter with the majority of fibers (60 to 70%) having a diameter of from 4.0 to 6.0 μ. Approximately 10% of the fibers were unmyelinated. The total number of fibers in the intermediate root varied from 170 to 416 with an average of 266 fibers. The morphological data obtained in an experimental animal such as presented in this paper may provide a basis for future experimental work on the clarification of the functional role of the trigeminal intermediate root.