bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propensity score-matched analysis in isolated left ventricular dilation and non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Goncalves T , Pezel T , Garot P , Toupin S , Duhamel S , Sanguineti F , Unterseeh T , Hovasse T , Gall E , Hamzi L , Unger A , Dillinger J G , Henry P , Bousson V , Garot J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are strong prognosticators of death in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), defined as left ventricular (LV) dilation and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)&lt;50%. Although the current guidelines defined the concept of "isolated LV dilation" (ILVD) as LV dilation with preserved LVEF≥ 50%, the prognostic value of the "LGE granularity" is not established in this population.

Purpose
To assess the prognostic value of the concept of "LGE granularity" including its extent, location, and pattern for predicting all-cause death above traditional prognosticators in patients with DCM or ILVD, separately.

Methods
Between 2008 and 2021, all consecutive patients with DCM and ILVD without implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or history of sustained ventricular arrhythmia referred for CMR were included in two centres. The primary outcome was all-cause death using the French National Registry of Death. A propensity score matching was performed to balance characteristics in patients with DCM vs. those with ILVD. Cox regressions were performed to determine the prognostic value of each LGE findings.

Results
Of 2,752 patients analysed (age 52±8 years, 56% male), 15% patients died after a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 9 (7-12) years. A total of 737 (27%) patients had LGE. In the propensity-score matched population (N=1,084 in DCM subgroup and N=1,084 in isolated LV dilation), the LGE presence was associated with death (HR=2.98, 95%CI: 1.97-4.50, p&lt;0.001). In ILVD patients with LGE (N=265), the LGE extent (HR=1.41, 95%CI:1.09-1.83, p=0.009), the presence of LGE in multiple areas (HR=3.86, 95%CI: 1.73-8.61, p&lt;0.001) and the septal location (HR=2.97, 95%CI:1.37-6.46, p=0.006) were strong prognosticators of death after adjustment for traditional prognosticators. Similarly, in DCM patients with LGE (N=268), the LGE extent (HR=1.42, 95% CI:1.07-1.89, p=0.014), the presence of LGE in multiple areas (HR=8.41, 95%CI: 3.32-21.3, p&lt;0.001) and the septal location (HR=6.65, 95% CI: 3.02-14.6, p&lt;0.001) were strongly associated with death.

Conclusion
The concept of "LGE granularity" was independently associated with all-cause death after adjustment for all traditional prognosticators in both DCM and ILVD. These results suggest that CMR assessment could improve the risk stratification in this population.
Survival curves Multivariable analysis
Coronary septic embolism presenting as acute myocardial infarction. A case report of a singular manifestation of infective endocarditis
Authors: Ferreira Carvalho Mariana , Gonçalves Carolina , Saldanha Santos Beatriz , Morais João 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by infective endocarditis (IE) presents a unique challenge in clinical management, especially when associated with septic embolism leading to coronary artery occlusion.

Case summary
The current clinical report describes the case of a 72-year-old male with a history of arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and severe obstructive sleep apnea. The patient presented with anterior STEMI due to an embolic occlusion in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, secondary to IE. Coronary angiography revealed embolic occlusion at the LAD origin, and balloon angioplasty without stent placement was performed, considering the embolic and infectious nature of the occlusion. Despite targeted interventions, including broad-spectrum antibiotics and support for cardiogenic shock, the patient's condition deteriorated, leading to cardiac arrest and subsequent death on the fourth day of hospitalization.

Conclusion
This case emphasizes the critical need for adapting STEMI management in the presence of IE. It highlights the importance of considering IE in STEMI differential diagnosis and adjusting intervention strategies accordingly.
Management of coexisting patent foramen ovale and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: a case report of sequential closure
Authors: Yagasaki Hiroto , Suzuki Takeki , Watanabe Keitaro , Watanabe Ryota , Noda Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Concurrent patent foramen ovale (PFO) and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) are rare but can cause paradoxical embolism and platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS).

Case summary
A 72-year-old female with embolic stroke history developed positional dyspnoea. Evaluation revealed right-to-left shunting through PFO and PAVM in the right middle lobe. Orthodeoxia was confirmed by 6% SpO2 decrease upon position change. A staged approach was adopted: PFO closure with Amplatzer™ Occluder, followed by PAVM embolization 1 month later. Symptoms improved significantly post-procedure. No residual shunting or symptoms have been observed during the 2-year follow-up.

Discussion
This case emphasizes thorough evaluation in patients with cryptogenic stroke and POS, especially when symptoms persist. It demonstrates the effectiveness of staged treatment for concurrent PFO and PAVM, highlighting the importance of individualized strategies and long-term follow-up.
Sex and age-specific 10-year mortality after coronary stenting: an analysis of two randomized trials
Authors: Pinxterhuis Tineke H , Ploumen Eline H , Doggen Carine J M , van Vliet Daphne , Kok Marlies M , Zocca Paolo , Hartmann Marc , van Houwelingen K Gert , Stoel Martin G , de Man Frits H A F , Linssen Gerard C M , von Birgelen Clemens 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Over time, clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with contemporary drug-eluting stents (DES) has improved. While most patients survive for many years after PCI, data on potential sex differences in age-specific 10-year mortality risk in all-comer patients are scarce. This study aimed to examine the sex- and age-specific 10-year mortality risk after PCI with new-generation DES.

Methods and results
This investigator-driven study assessed women and men, enrolled in our centre in two large-scale all-comer PCI trials (TWENTE and DUTCH PEERS; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01066650 and NCT01331707, respectively), and compared their long-term mortality risk with that of the general population. The life status was checked in a national database of personal records. Information about the causes of death was obtained from medical records. Of all 2743 patients, 220/748 women and 461/1995 men died (29.4 vs. 23.1%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Deceased patients had higher cardiovascular risk profiles and were older than patients who survived. Compared to the general population of a similar age, women and men who underwent PCI showed significantly increased 10-year all-cause mortality risks with a standardized mortality ratio of 2.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.85–2.41] and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.48–1.78), respectively. No sex difference in causes of death was observed (cardiac, 28.2% women vs. 30.8% men, P = 0.46; vascular, 4.1 vs. 5.4%, P = 0.45; non-cardiovascular, 38.2 vs. 44.5%, P = 0.11).

Conclusion
PCI patients of both sexes showed higher 10-year age-specific mortality risks than the general population with a more pronounced difference observed in women. There was no sex difference in underlying causes of death. Furthermore, both women and men who died had higher cardiovascular risk profiles than those who survived.
Integration of apolipoprotein B into the SCORE2 framework: implications for cardiovascular risk prediction
Authors: Wong Wen Kai , Takeuchi Fumihiko , Thao Le Thi Phuong , Nicholls Stephen J , Chew Derek P , Peter Karlheinz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate whether integrating Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) into the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) cardiovascular risk prediction framework improves its predictive accuracy and clinical applicability within the UK Biobank population.

Methods and results
A 10-year prospective cohort study was conducted with 448 303 UK Biobank participants eligible for SCORE2 calculation. Three approaches were employed: (i) threshold analysis to determine the optimal ApoB cutoff for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction using Youden’s Index, (ii) assessment of the synergistic effect of SCORE2 and ApoB through concordant and discordant classifications, and (iii) recalibration of the SCORE2 model by incorporating ApoB as an additional predictor. Each 0.2 g/L increase in ApoB was associated with an increased subdistribution hazard for CVD events [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR): 1.13; 95% CI: 1.11–1.14, P &lt; 0.001], accounting for non-cardiovascular death as a competing risk. Threshold analysis identified an optimal ApoB cutoff at 1.18 g/L; however, it demonstrated limited discriminatory performance (area under the curve 0.54), with low sensitivity (32.4%), and moderate specificity (74.4%). Individuals with both low ApoB (&lt;1.18 g/L) and low SCORE2 risk (&lt;5%) had a lower CVD incidence rate (232.51 per 100 000 person-years) compared with those identified as low risk by SCORE2 alone (253.69 per 100 000 person-years). Integration of ApoB into the SCORE2 model did not significantly improve the model discrimination, calibration, and net reclassification improvement.

Conclusion
Apolipoprotein B exhibited a dose–response relationship with cardiovascular risk but had limited standalone predictive utility within the UK Biobank population. However, combining ApoB with SCORE2 thresholds improved the identification of low-risk individuals, suggesting a complementary role for ApoB in refining cardiovascular risk stratification.
Comparative functional analyses of the prostate-specific KLK3 enzyme in primates reveal the impact of sexual selection
Authors: Kahveci Emine F , Colvin Zielen Amanda M , Gibbs William J , McIntyre Clancy A , Modi Raahi , Johnstonbaugh Hannah Z , Washington Thomas H , Brown David R , Hockman Megan R , Rossman Neil R , Jensen-Seaman Michael I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Male reproductive proteins frequently evolve rapidly in animals, potentially due to adaptive evolution driven by sperm competition, polyspermy avoidance, or pathogen defense. Alternatively, elevated rates of protein change may be due to relaxed constraint. The prostate-specific protease KLK3 has experienced dynamic evolution since its origin stemming from a gene duplication in the ancestor of all Old World primates, with instances of rapid evolution, stasis, and pseudogenization. As we demonstrate with functional assays using recombinant proteins, these changes have resulted in a chimpanzee KLK3 ortholog with greater enzyme velocity and higher efficiency than other apes, including humans. Reduced enzyme efficiency was observed in gorillas and gibbons who both possess a chimeric KLK2/KLK3 enzyme resulting from independent genomic deletions. The relative efficiency of KLK3 homologs among these species correlates well with their presumed levels of sperm competition. Furthermore, the reconstructed protein of the human-chimpanzee last common ancestor has enzyme kinetics identical to modern humans, suggesting that the observed functional differences between humans and chimpanzees are derived in the latter and allowing us to tentatively speculate that their common ancestor did not possess a polygynandrous mating system similar to modern chimpanzees.
Craniofacial modularity and the evolution of cranial kinesis in the adaptive radiation of Furnariidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: Stefanini Manuel I , Milla Carmona Pablo S , Gómez-Bahamón Valentina , Mongiardino Koch Nicolás , Soto Ignacio M , Gómez Raúl O , Zyskowski Kristof , Tambussi Claudia P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The role of phenotypic modularity in the evolution of skull morphology in birds has been a subject of debate in recent years. Furnariids (ovenbirds and woodcreepers), a spectacular avian adaptive radiation, are distinguished in their cranial morphology as the only passerines with two types of cranial kinesis, constituting a great model to test whether the evolution of novelties linked to kinesis was associated with shifts in patterns of evolutionary modularity and allometry in the avian skull. Our analyses by means of geometric morphometric tools and phylogenetic comparative methods show that the beak and neurocranium of furnariids evolved in a modular fashion and shaped by the cranial kinesis evolution. Besides, species with prokinesis show a higher degree of modularity and morphological disparity, lower phenotypic rates, as well as higher contribution of allometry in the evolution of the beak morphology than species with proximal rhynchokinesis, suggesting, as observed in several vertebrates, that the functional demands associated with higher degrees of cranial kinesis promoted rapid integration throughout the skull. Prokinetic—robust morphotypes and proximal rhynchokinetic—gracile morphotypes, have repeatedly evolved by evolutionary convergence in both modules, which suggests the existence of functional trade-offs and long-standing adaptive optima related to cranial kinesis.
The protist community of the oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Mexico is distinctly shaped by depth-specific physicochemical conditions during the warm season
Authors: Sidón-Ceseña Karla , Martínez-Mercado Miguel Angel , Chong-Robles Jennyfers , Ortega-Saad Yamne , Camacho-Ibar Victor Froylán , Linacre Lorena , Lago-Lestón Asunción 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Marine protists are key components of biogeochemical cycles and microbial food webs, which respond quickly to environmental factors. In the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), the Loop Current intensifies in summer and supplies the gulf with warm and oligotrophic waters. However, the cyclonic eddies within the GoM create favorable conditions for biological productivity by bringing nutrient-rich water to the subsurface layer. In this study, we investigated the response of the protist community to the regional physicochemical conditions, its spatial and temporal variability, the influence of mesoscale structures, and its ecological roles in the mixed layer (ML) and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). This is the first study to conduct a V9-18S rRNA gene survey for this community in the Mexican Exclusive Economic Zone of the GoM. The regional distribution, temporal changes, and mesoscale structures significantly affected the structure of the protist community in the ML. In contrast, only mesoscale structures significantly affected the protist community in the DCM. Different protist assemblages were also present between the ML and DCM, with the Alveolata representing ∼60% of the community in both layers, followed by haptophytes and MAST (Marine Stramenopiles) in the ML; pelagophytes and radiolarians were the more prevalent taxa in the DCM. Finally, co-occurrence analyses revealed that competition, parasitism, and predation were the potential interactions shaping these communities at both depths.
Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus species from gut microbiota of Aegiale hesperiaris (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) larvae
Authors: Herrera-Cardoso Ericka Denice , Tapia-Cervantes Karen Alejandra , Cepeda-Negrete Jonathan , Gutiérrez-Vargas Santiago , León-Galván Ma Fabiola 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Entomophagy, the practice of consuming insects, is a global tradition. In Mexico, one of the most notable and widely consumed insects is the larva of Aegiale hesperiaris. This insect feeds on the leaves of various Agave species with high polysaccharide content, suggesting their potential role as prebiotics for the intestinal microbiota, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are recognized for their use as probiotics in foods due to their health-promoting capabilities. In this study, LAB from the intestinal microbiota of A. hesperiaris larvae were isolated and characterized, utilizing 16S rRNA gene identification. The analysis revealed three bacterial species from the Lactobacillaceae family, indicating a close symbiotic relationship with the insect. This suggests a significant impact on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and amino acid production, contributing to the high nutritional value of this edible insect. The study provides insights into the bacteria within the digestive tract of A. hesperiaris larvae and their role in enhancing the nutritional value of this edible insect. Additionally, it establishes a foundation for future research on the ecological roles and potential biotechnological benefits of these bacteria in the food industry and the development of therapies for various conditions and diseases.
The B Chromosome of Pseudococcus viburni: A Selfish Chromosome that Exploits Whole-Genome Meiotic Drive
Authors: Vea Isabelle M , de la Filia Andrés G , Jaron Kamil S , Barlow Scott E J , Herbette Marion , Mongue Andrew J , Nelson Ross , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J , Ross Laura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Meiosis is generally a fair process: each chromosome has a 50% chance of being included into each gamete. However, meiosis can become aberrant with some chromosomes having a higher chance of making it into gametes than others. Yet, why and how such systems evolve remains unclear. Here, we study the unusual reproductive genetics of mealybugs, where only maternal-origin chromosomes are included in gametes during male meiosis, while paternal chromosomes are eliminated. One species—Pseudococcus viburni—has a segregating B chromosome that drives by escaping paternal genome elimination. We present whole genome and gene expression data from lines with and without B chromosomes. We identify B-linked sequences including 204 protein-coding genes and a satellite repeat that makes up a significant proportion of the chromosome. The few paralogs between the B and the core genome are distributed throughout the genome, arguing against a simple, or at least recent, chromosomal duplication of one of the autosomes to create the B. We do, however, find one 373 kb region containing 146 genes that appears to be a recent translocation. Finally, we show that while many B-linked genes are expressed during meiosis, most of these are encoded on the recently translocated region. Only a small number of B-exclusive genes are expressed during meiosis. Of these, only one was overexpressed during male meiosis, which is when the drive occurs: an acetyltransferase involved in H3K56Ac, which has a putative role in meiosis and is, therefore, a promising candidate for further studies.
A chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome assembly and annotation for the Eurasian minnow (Leuciscidae: Phoxinus phoxinus) provide evidence of haplotype diversity
Authors: Oriowo Temitope Opeyemi , Chrysostomakis Ioannis , Martin Sebastian , Kukowka Sandra , Brown Thomas , Winkler Sylke , Myers Eugene W , Böhne Astrid , Stange Madlen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In this study, we present an in-depth analysis of the Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) genome, highlighting its genetic diversity, structural variations, and evolutionary adaptations. We generated an annotated haplotype-phased, chromosome-level genome assembly (2n = 50) by integrating high-fidelity (HiFi) long reads and chromosome conformation capture data (Hi-C).

Results
We achieved a haploid size of 940 megabase pairs (Mbp) for haplome 1 and 929 Mbp for haplome 2 with high scaffold N50 values of 36.4 Mb and 36.6 Mb and BUSCO scores of 96.9% and 97.2%, respectively, indicating a highly complete genome assembly. We detected notable heterozygosity (1.43%) and a high repeat content (approximately 54%), primarily consisting of DNA transposons, which contribute to genome rearrangements and variations. We found substantial structural variations within the genome, including insertions, deletions, inversions, and translocations. These variations affect genes enriched in functions such as dephosphorylation, developmental pigmentation, phagocytosis, immunity, and stress response. In the annotation of protein-coding genes, 30,980 messenger RNAs and 23,497 protein-coding genes were identified with a high completeness score, which further underpins the high contiguity of our genome assemblies. We performed a gene family evolution analysis by comparing our proteome to 10 other teleost species, which identified immune system gene families that prioritize histone-based disease prevention over NB-LRR-related-based immune responses. Additionally, demographic analysis indicates historical fluctuations in the effective population size of P. phoxinus, likely correlating with past climatic changes.

Conclusions
This annotated, phased reference genome provides a crucial resource for resolving the taxonomic complexity within the genus Phoxinus and highlights the importance of haplotype-phased assemblies in understanding haplotype diversity in species characterized by high heterozygosity.
Absolute palaeointensity estimates from Precambrian India and the long-term thermal evolution of the Earth
Authors: Bristol K E , Sprain C J , Meert J G , Yasar I D , Pandit M K , Sinha A K , Dann A B 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Despite significant progress in palaeomagnetic research over the last century, the origin, evolution and long-term behaviour of the geomagnetic field remains poorly understood. One significant open question is when and how the inner core nucleated. Since geomagnetic field behaviour is intrinsically linked to the thermal evolution of the core, scientists have turned to the global palaeointensity record to search for proxies for inner core nucleation. From this record, two signals have been identified as possible indicators of inner core nucleation: (1) a spike in magnetic field strength between 1.5–1.0 Ga, and (2) an initially strong, but gradually decreasing field strength that resulted in a weak dynamo in the Ediacaran. Although both these hypotheses are vastly different, they do have one common challenge hindering rigorous testing: a paucity of palaeointensity data. This is especially true for the Precambrian time period for which well-preserved outcrops are scarce and weathering/alteration is nearly inescapable. Despite making up almost 90 per cent of Earth's history, data from this super eon comprise &lt; 10 per cent of the global palaeointensity database. This lack of data for most of Earth's history represents a considerable gap in our knowledge and greatly impedes our ability to understand the origin and evolution of our planet and its magnetic field. In an effort to fill in this gap, we performed palaeointensity experiments on Precambrian-aged mafic dykes from India (Malani Igneous Suite and Bastar, Dharwar and Bundelkhand Cratons) with ages ranging from ∼740 Ma to ∼2.36 Ga. To monitor thermal alteration and minimize the effects of non-ideal grain sizes, the Thellier method following the IZZI protocol was used. Successful results were obtained for samples from the Bundelkhand (∼740 Ma) and Bastar (∼1.89 Ga) cratons. The Bastar results fall in a ∼40 Myr gap in the database and corroborate field trends predicted by the Monte Carlo axial dipole moment model, which suggests that intensity values were moderately low (2–4 × 1022 A m2) in the middle Palaeoproterozoic. The Bundelkhand result suggests that the field may have been rapidly decaying in the late Tonian to early Cryogenian.