bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there still yaws in Nigeria? Active case search in endemic areas of southern Nigeria
Authors: Ekeke Ngozi , Iyama Francis S. , Chukwu Joseph N. , Asiedu Kingsley , Marks Michael , Omotowo Babatunde , Agwu-Umahi Olanike , Nvene Victor O. , Paul Shiloh , Nwafor Charles C. , Meka Anthony O. , Eze Chinwe C. , Ezeakile Okechukwu E. , Njoku Martin I. , Murphy-Okpala Ngozi N. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Yaws is a disease caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, which is most commonly seen among children below 15 years. In the twentieth century yaws was endemic in Nigeria but eradication strategies markedly reduced the disease burden. Currently there is minimal data on the ongoing transmission of yaws in Nigeria, despite reports of confirmed yaws cases in neighbouring West African countries.

Methods
We conducted both community and school-based active yaws case search among school-aged children in southeast Nigeria. Children were screened by trained community volunteers. Suspected yaws cases were clinically reviewed and tested using rapid diagnostic serological tests.

Results
Between February and May 2021, up to 28 trained community volunteers screened a total of 105,015 school children for yaws. Overall, 7,706 children with various skin lesions were identified. Eight (8) suspected cases of yaws were reported, reviewed and screened, but none was confirmed using rapid diagnostic tests. The four most common skin conditions identified were scabies (39%), papular urticaria (29%), tinea corporis (14%) and tinea capitis (12%).

Conclusions
No case of yaws was confirmed in this large population of children in south-east Nigeria. Continuous community awareness and yaws case finding activities have been recommended across Nigeria.
Epidemiology of giardiasis and assemblages A and B and effects on diarrhea and growth trajectories during the first 8 years of life: Analysis of a birth cohort in a rural district in tropical Ecuador
Authors: Sandoval-Ramírez Tannya , Seco-Hidalgo Victor , Calderon-Espinosa Evelyn , Garcia-Ramon Diana , Lopez Andrea , Calvopiña Manuel , Guadalupe Irene , Chico Martha , Mejia Rojelio , Chis Ster Irina , Cooper Philip J. 
Published: November 2023

Background
There are limited longitudinal data on the acquisition of Giardia lamblia infections in childhood using molecular assays to detect and type assemblages, and measure effects of infections on diarrhea risk and childhood growth.

Methods
We analysed stool samples from a surveillance sample within a birth cohort in a rural district in tropical Ecuador. The cohort was followed to 8 years of age for the presence of G. lamblia in stools by quantitative PCR and A and B assemblages by Taqman assay or Sanger sequencing. We explored risk factors associated with infection using generalized estimating equations applied to longitudinal binary outcomes, and longitudinal panel data analysis to estimate effects of infection on diarrhea and growth trajectories.

Results
2,812 stool samples collected between 1 month and 8 years of age from 498 children were analyzed and showed high rates of infection: 79.7% were infected at least once with peak prevalence (53.9%) at 5 years. Assemblage B was accounted for 56.8% of genotyped infections. Risk factors for infection included male sex (P = 0.001), daycare attendance (P<0.001), having a household latrine (P = 0.04), childhood (P<0.001) and maternal soil-transmitted helminth (P = 0.029) infections, and exposures to donkeys (age interaction P = 0.034). G. lamblia was associated with increased risk of diarrhea (per episode, RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, P = 0.011) during the first 3 years of life and a transient impairment of weight (age interaction P = 0.017) and height-for-age (age interaction P = 0.025) trajectories between 1 and 4 years of age. There was no increased risk of either assemblage being associated with outcomes.

Conclusion
Our data show a relatively high edemicity of G. lamblia transmission during childhood in coastal Ecuador, and evidence that infection is associated with a transiently increased risk of diarrhea during the first 3 years of life and impairment of weight and height between 1 and 4 years.
Does microfluidic sperm selection improve clinical pregnancy and miscarriage outcomes in assisted reproductive treatments? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Aderaldo Janaina , da Silva Maranhão Karina , Ferreira Lanza Daniel Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Background
The microfluidic sperm selection (MFSS) device has emerged as a promising adjunct in assisted reproduction treatments (ART). It employs mechanisms of biomimicry based on the microanatomy of the female reproductive tract through strategies like chemotaxis and rheotaxis. Numerous studies assert improvements in ART outcomes with the use of MFSS, often attributed to the theoretical reduction in sperm DNA damage compared to other techniques. However, these attributed benefits lack validation through large-scale clinical trials, and there is no significant evidence of enhanced assisted reproductive treatments (ART) outcomes.

Objective
To evaluate whether the utilization of MFSS enhances clinical pregnancy results and abortion outcomes in couples undergoing ART compared to standard sperm selection techniques for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). We also assessed laboratory outcomes as a supplementary analysis.

Search methods
We conducted searches across databases including PubMed, NIH, LILACS, CENTRAL, Crossref, Scopus, and OpenAlex. A total of 1,255 records were identified. From these, 284 duplicate records were eliminated, and an additional 895 records were excluded due to their association with patent applications, diagnostic tests, forensic analyses, or irrelevance to the research focus. Among the initially eligible 76 studies, 63 were excluded, encompassing abstracts, studies lacking adequate control groups, and ongoing clinical trials. Ultimately, 13 studies were selected for inclusion in the ensuing meta-analysis.

Results
Regarding clinical pregnancy, we assessed a total of 868 instances of clinical pregnancies out of 1,646 embryo transfers. Regarding miscarriage, we examined 95 cases of pregnancy loss among the 598 confirmed clinical pregnancies in these studies.

Conclusion
The utilization of MFSS demonstrates marginal positive outcomes compared to standard sperm selection techniques, without statistical significance in any of the analyses.

Broader implications
This study conducted the first meta-analysis to evaluate clinical pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates, and laboratory results associated with the use of MFSS compared to standard sperm selection techniques. We have also listed potentially eligible studies for future inclusion. It’s important to emphasize the need for multicenter studies with standardized parameters to attain a more robust clarification of this issue.
Longitudinal multi-functional analysis identified responses of T cells, B cells, and monocytes as hallmarks of immunotherapy tolerance in patients with merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Tao Quyuan , Du Jia-xin , Zhang Shijing , Lin Wenjia , Luo Yongxin , Liu Ying , Zeng Jingyan , Chen Xin-lin 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the skin. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of immune escape in patients with MCC, and malignant cell conditions that promote immune evasion.

Methods
We used Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to determine cellular features associated with MCC disease trajectory. A longitudinal multi-omics study was performed using scRNA-seq data of peripheral blood harvested from four-time points. Six major cell types and fifteen cell subgroups were identified and confirmed their presence by expression of characteristic markers. The expression patterns and specific changes of different cells at different time points were investigated. Subsequently, bulk RNA data was used to validate key findings.

Results
The dynamic characteristics of the cells were identified during the critical period between benign improvement and acquisition of resistance. Combined with the results of the validation cohort, the resistance program expressed in the relapse stage is mainly associated with T cell exhaustion and immune cell crosstalk disorder. Coinciding with immune escape, we also identified a decrease non-classical monocytes and an expansion of classical monocytes with features of high inflammation and immune deficiency.

Conclusion
Changes in cellular status, such as depletion of T cells and dysregulation of B cell proliferation and differentiation, may lead to drug resistance in MCC patients. Meanwhile, the widespread decreased antigen presentation ability and immune disorders caused by deletion of MHC class II gene expression should not be ignored.
Burden of elevated lipoprotein(a) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Evidence from a systematic literature review and feasibility assessment of meta-analysis
Authors: Orfanos Panagiotis , Fonseca Ana Filipa , Hu Xingdi , Gautam Raju , Montgomery Glenn , Studer Rachel , Kaur Japinder , Saxena Nehul , Kaushik Nitin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundElevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level is an independent genetic risk factor that increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by 2–4 fold. We aimed to report the burden of clinically relevant elevated Lp(a) in secondary prevention ASCVD population as the evaluation of such evidence is lacking.MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using Embase®, MEDLINE®, and MEDLINE®In-Process databases to identify studies reporting burden of elevated Lp(a) levels from January 1, 2010, to March 28, 2022. Full-text, English-language studies including ≥500 participants with ≥1 Lp(a) assessment were included.ResultsSixty-one studies reported clinical burden of elevated Lp(a). Of these, 25 observational studies and one clinical trial reported clinical burden of clinically relevant elevated Lp(a) levels. Major clinical outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; n = 20), myocardial infarction (MI; n = 11), revascularization (n = 10), stroke (n = 10), cardiovascular (CV) mortality (n = 9), and all-cause mortality (n = 10). Elevated Lp(a) levels significantly increased the risk of MACE (n = 15) and revascularization (n = 8), while they demonstrated a trend for positive association with remaining CV outcomes. Meta-analysis was not feasible for included studies due to heterogeneity in Lp(a) thresholds, outcome definitions, and patient characteristics.Three studies reported humanistic burden. Patients with elevated Lp(a) levels had higher odds of manifesting cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval; CI]: 1.62 [1.11–2.37]) and disability related to stroke (OR [95% CI]:1.46 [1.23–1.72)]) (n = 2). Elevated Lp(a) levels negatively correlated with health-related quality of life (R = −0.166, p = 0.014) (n = 1). A single study reported no association between elevated Lp(a) levels and economic burden.ConclusionsThis SLR demonstrated a significant association of elevated Lp(a) levels with major CV outcomes and increased humanistic burden in secondary prevention ASCVD population. These results reinforce the need to quantify and manage Lp(a) for CV risk reduction and to perform further studies to characterize the economic burden.
Determinants of academic achievement among higher education student found in low resource setting, A systematic review
Authors: Kassaw Chalachew , Demareva Valeriia 
Published: November 2023

Background
Academic success is a measure of students’ ability to attain their educational objectives, often assessed through regular evaluations or examinations. To establish effective policies and programs that align with academic accomplishments, conducting comprehensive data analysis is pivotal. Hence, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the factors impeding the academic achievements of Ethiopian students in higher education.

Methods
A comprehensive review was conducted on studies involving Ethiopian university students from 2013 to 2022. The review encompassed 24 papers that were gathered from different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Results
The findings of this research revealed that inadequate classroom environments, experiencing dysmenorrhea, and engaging in excessive social media usage were all linked to a decline in academic performance. Conversely, adopting healthy sleep habits, achieving high scores in entrance exams, and avoiding recent substance abuse were all factors positively influencing academic success. In addition, there was a positive correlation between academic excellence and being a health science college student and age range of 20 to 24 years old.

Conclusion
To enhance academic performance, it is crucial to address the negative factors identified, such as inadequate classroom environments, dysmenorrhea, and excessive social media usage, while promoting positive factors like healthy sleep habits, high scores in exams, and avoiding substance abuse. Additionally, being a health science college student and belonging to the age range of 20 to 24 were found to be associated with academic excellence.
Analisis Sebaran Sedimen Berdasarkan Ukuran Butir di Perairan Pantai Baron, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Naufalina Nadhira Eka , Marwoto Jarot , Rochaddi Baskoro 
Published: November 2023

Sebuah pantai yang terletak pada Kabupaten Gunung Kidul provinsi DIY, memiliki karakteristik serta potensi ekonomi yang khas dan tentunya berbeda dengan daerah lain. Pantai Baron memiliki karakteristik bentuk yang menjorok ke arah daratan (membentuk teluk) yang memiliki muara sungai. Pada kawasan pesisir perlu dilakukan pengamatan terhadap efek arus laut untuk dianalisa besarnya energi yang bekerja dan mempengaruhi perpindahan sedimen pada dasar perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis sedimen yang sangat dominan dan pengaruh kecepatan arus terhadap sebaran sedimen pada Perairan Pantai Baron. Pengambilan data lapangan dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan metode deskriptif yang bersifat eksploratif untuk mengetahui hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran butir sedimen perairan Pantai Baron dominan Sand dengan kandungan presentasinya mencapai 99,63 % sand, 0,32 % clay, dan 0,03 % silt dan mendapat nilai korelasi sebesar 0,0078 di mana nilai tersebut sangat kecil korelasinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis sedimen yang paling dominan adalah pasir dan arus tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap distribusi besar ukuran butir sedimen. Kata kunci: Persebaran ukuran butir, arus, Pantai Baron, Gunung Kidul Abstract One of the beaches located in Gunung Kidul Regency, DIY province, has unique characteristics and economic potential and is certainly different from other regions. Baron Beach has a characteristic shape that protrudes towards the mainland (forming a bay) which has a river mouth. In coastal areas, it’s necessary to observe the effect of ocean currents to analyze the amount of energy that works and affects the movement of sediment at the bottom of the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the most dominant type of sediment and the effect of current velocity on the distribution of sediment in Baron Coastal Waters. Field data collection was carried out on March 15-21, 2021 at 7 station points using quantitative methods and descriptive exploratory methods to find out the results of the research. The results showed that the grain size of the waters of Baron Beach was dominant Sand with the presentation content reaching 99.63% sand, 0.32% clay, and 0.03% silt and the correlation value was 0.0078 where the correlation value was very small. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the most dominant type of sediment is sand and currents have no influence on the distribution of the grain size of the sediment. Keywords: Grain size distribution, current, Baron Beach, Gunung Kidul
Kajian Pergerakan Mikroplastik dengan Parcels di Perairan Pulau Sintok, Kepulauan Karimunjawa
Authors: Marganita Dia , Marwoto Jarot , Widiaratih Rikha 
Published: November 2023

Mikroplastik adalah partikel kecil dari sampah plastik yang mengalami fragmentasi selama berada di alam. Ukurannya yang kecil dan ketahanannya yang lama menyebabkan mikroplastik berbahaya jika terakumulasi di dalam tubuh makhluk hidup. Sehingga kajian mengenai pergerakan mikroplastik perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui persebaran mikroplastik yang sudah berada di lingkungan, terutama lingkungan laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pergerakan (tujuan dan sumber) mikroplastik di Perairan Pulau Sintok. Pulau Sintok merupakan salah satu pulau di Kepulauan Karimunjawa yang menjadi destinasi singgah dan bertelur penyu. Pulau Sintok, sebagai pulau yang tidak berpenghuni, memiliki potensi untuk terkontaminasi partikel mikroplastik yang terbawa oleh pergerakan arus. Pergerakan mikroplastik dilakukan dengan pemodelan particle tracking dengan Parcels dan model GOFS 3.1 yang telah divalidasi dengan data pengukuran arus ADCP. Pemodelan particle tracking menggunakan dua skenario, yaitu forward time dan backward time dengan masing-masing runtime 7 hari, 30 hari, dan 60 hari pada Musim Peralihan I tahun 2020. Dari pemodelan particle tracking, partikel mikroplastik bergerak menuju arah timur laut Laut Jawa dan diduga berasal dari Pulau Kemujan dan utara Pulau Jawa, tepatnya yaitu Sungai Cisanggarung, Kota Cirebon, dan Sungai Citarum. Kata kunci: Mikroplastik, Particle Tracking, Parcels, Karimunjawa Abstract Study of Microplastic Movement with Parcels in Sintok Island Waters, Karimunjawa Archipelago Microplastics are small particles of plastic waste that undergo fragmentation while in nature. Their small size and long durability make microplastics dangerous if they accumulate inside living things. A study of microplastic movement needs to be carried out to determine the distribution of microplastics that are already in the environment, especially the marine environment. This research was conducted to understand the movement (destination and source) of microplastics in Sintok Island Waters. Sintok Island is one of the islands in the Karimunjawa Archipelago that is also a stopping-by and spawning destination for sea turtles. Sintok Island, as an uninhabited island, has the potential to be contaminated with microplastic particles carried by sea currents. The movement of microplastics is carried out using particle tracking modeling with Parcels and the GOFS 3.1 model which has been validated with ADCP current data. The particle tracking modeling uses two scenarios, namely forward time and backward time with runtime of 7 days, 30 days, and 60 days in the Transition season I 2020 for each scenario. From the particle tracking modeling, microplastic particles move towards the northeast of the Java Sea and are estimated to have come from Kemujan Island and northern Java Island, namely Cisanggarung River, Cirebon City, and Citarum River.Keywords: Microplastic, Particle Tracking, Parcels, Karimunjawa
Analisis ENSO terhadap Variabilitas Kedalaman Mixed Layer di Laut Maluku
Authors: Amalia Adinda Rizki , Wirasatriya Anindya , Widiaratih Rikha 
Published: November 2023

Kondisi oseanografi di perairan Maluku dipengaruhi oleh variabilitas iklim ENSO salah satunya adalah kedalaman mixed layer. Menggunakan data satelit observasi dan data model untuk mengetahui kondisi angin, suhu permukaan laut dan kedalaman mixed layer tebal jangka waktu 10 tahun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ENSO terhadap ketebaln mixed layer di perairan Maluku. Dengan mengginakan data kedalaman mixed layer dari Marine Copernicus, kami menemukan bahwa saat periode El-Niño (2015/2016) pada wilayah upwelling mengalami penipisan sebesar 2 meter sedangkan pada wilayah yang tidak terjadi upwelling mengalami penebalan sebesar 1- 2 meter. Saat periode La-Niña (2010/2011) tidak mengalami upwelling sehingga perairan ini mengalami penipisan hingga 7 meter pada seluruh perairan Maluku. Fenomena ini sangat berkaitan dengan kondisi angin di perairan Maluku.Kata kunci: ENSO, Suhu Permukaan Laut, Angin, Kedalaman Mixed Layer dan Perairan Maluku Oceanographic conditions in Maluku Seas are influenced by ENSO climate variability, one of which is the mixed layer depth. Using satellite observation and model data to determine wind, sea surface temperature and mixed layer depth condition in a period 10 years, this study aims to determine the influence of ENSO on the mixed layer depth in Maluku Seas. Using mixed layer depth data from Marine Copernicus, we found that during the El-Niño (2015/2016) the upwelling area experienced a shallower 2 meters while in the area that did not occur upwelling experienced a deeper 1-2 meters. During the La-Niña (2010/2011) there was no upwelling so that these seas experienced shallower up to 7 meters in Maluku Seas. This phenomenon is clearly related to wind conditions in the Maluku Seas.Keywords: ENSO, Sea Surface Temperature, Mixed Layer Depth, Winds, and Maluku Seas
On singular solutions of Lane-Emden equation on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Wei Juncheng , Wu Ke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By applying the gluing method, we construct infinitely many axial symmetric singular positive solutions to the Lane-Emden equation:

Δ

H

u
+

u

p

=
0
,

in

H

n

\

{

0

}

{\Delta }_{{\mathbb{H}}}u+{u}^{p}=0\left,\hspace{1.0em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}\backslash \left\{0\right\}

on the Heisenberg group

H

n

{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}

, where

n
>
1
,
Q
⁄

(

Q
−
4

)

<
p
<

p

J
L

(

Q
−
2

)

n\gt 1,Q/\left(Q-4)\lt p\lt {p}_{JL}\left(Q-2)

, and

Q
=
2
n
+
2

Q=2n+2

is the homogeneous dimension of

H

n

{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}

.
Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
Authors: Rehman Sadia , Ikram Muhammad , Khan Adnan , Farzia  , Khan Rizwan , Naeem Muhammad , Sinnokrot Mutasem Omar , Khan Momin , AlAsmari Abdullah F. , Alasmari Fawaz , Alharbi Metab 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A synthesized Schiff base ligand 4-{(Z)-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methylene]amino}-4-antipyrene (H-NAPP) was confirmed by single crystal diffraction analysis. The H-NAPP was crystalized in the P 21 21 21 space group and orthorhombic crystal system. The Schiff base ligand H-NAPP bears potential donor sites and therefore it was reacted with transition metal ions Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ to yield respective metal complexes. All reaction products were investigated by elemental analyses and IR spectroscopic techniques. The combined spectroscopic characterizations revealed the distorted square planar geometries for all the synthesized metal complexes. The metal complexes were further studied for their thermal stabilities using TG techniques and proved to be thermally cleaved in the temperature range of 30–1,000°C in air. Pseudo-mirrored 2D fingerprint plots were used for the short interatomic interactions in the crystal structure. The major short interatomic interactions involve the hydrogen bonding which covers the Hirshfeld surfaces {H···H, O···H and C···H}. The ligand and complexes were investigated for a potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. While relatively inactive throughout, some notable differences were observed and, surprisingly, the ligand was found to be more active than its complexes.