bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Steps in Developing Genetic Markers to Predict/Recommend Weight Management Products
Authors: Frumento Robert J.A. , Matravers Peter , Langerveld Anna , Bianchini Robert J , Schwartz Stephen 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIt has been estimated that the U.S market for weight loss products will increase 1.7% over the next 16 months to an annual sales level exceeding $61 billion dollars1. The consumer market is overwhelmed with products aimed to help people manage their overall weight. An overall public health goal is to develop a lab test or series of lab tests to support the use of consumer weight management products to predict/recommend the correct regimen for an individual, monitor the treatment progress and to understand the molecular‐level interactions between diet, lifestyle and the genome. MicroRNAs are small, non‐coding RNA molecules that function as negative regulators of gene expression. A growing number of studies have described the use of microRNA biomarkers in nutrition.MethodsAs part of a larger study, a subgroup of subjects assigned to a weight control regiment were examined using body morphology data as well as body fluid data examining microRNA over 16 weeks of product use. The weight management program consisted of daily glucomannan, a green tea booster pill and a whey protein shake. Subjects did not change any of their routine activities of daily living or their current diet. Twenty subjects were followed and examined throughout the study.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the expression of 2 microRNAs occurred in saliva samples, statistically significant changes in the expression of 10 microRNAs occurred in blood samples. The direction of change in both sample types was consistent with the prediction and peer reviewed literature. These data identified one potential biomarker for predicting success on the weight management program. Expression of miR140‐5p identified 2 distinct groups of subjects; there was a 30‐fold difference in expression levels between the 2 sets of subjects, 10 subjects with higher expression levels and 8 subjects with lower levels. The 8 subjects with lower expression levels of miR140‐5p lost more weight, improved body morphology and showed greater improvements in metabolic laboratory assays. Interestingly, changes in expression of 140‐5p have been reported in studies of obesity and weight loss2.ConclusionsWith these preliminary data we have shown that miR140‐5p may be a reasonable biomarker for success utilizing the tested weight management program. Further research is being performed to validate this and other potential markers for success.Support or Funding InformationSupported by a grant from Arbonne International
Effects of methionine hydroxy analogue on intestinal function and oxidative status in broiler chickens
Authors: Tang Xue , Zhao Yan , Le Guowei , Shi Yonghui , Sun Jin 
Published: November 2023

Methionine (Met), the first limiting factor amino acid, is playing a key role in intestinal function. The present study identified the effects of DL‐methionine (DLM) and its liquid hydroxyl analogue, 2‐hydroxy‐(4‐methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) on growth performance, intestinal digestion and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. The changes on antioxidant‐related genes mRNA expression in duodenum and jejunum were also investigated. The results showed that broiler chickens fed with HMTBA exhibited higher body weight gain (P<0.05) and lower feed:gain as compared to the control group. Adding 0.3% HMTBA to the diet significantly increased apparent digestibility and digestive enzymes activity, and the same result was apparent in catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), as compared to the control and DLM groups (P<0.05). Met sources supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in MDA content (P<0.05) in intestinal tract of broiler chickens. Moreover, HMTBA effectively upregulated the mRNA expression levels of antioxidation‐related genes nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (Nrf‐1), metallothionein‐1 (MT1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) in duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05). The results indicated that better effects of HMTBA on growth performance and intestinal digestion may be realted about its role in regulating the mRNA expression of antioxidant‐related genes.Support or Funding InformationThe present study was financially supported by Rhodimet Research Grant 2010–2012
Performance response to DLM or HMTBA supplementation in broiler chickens at 46 days of age

Group
Body weight gain (g/bird/d)
Food intake (g/bird/d)
Feed: gain (g:g)

Control
67.85±2.26a
134.85±3.72
1.99±0.01

0.1% DLM
68.18±2.58ab
130.80±5.23
1.92±0.04

0.3% DLM
70.47±3.37ab
141.51±0.24
2.01±0.10

0.1% HMTBA
71.81±7.26ab
136.32±13.26
1.90±0.03

0.3% HMTBA
76.41±0.40b
142.23±8.46
1.86±0.12

Effects of MET sources on antioxidant levels of intestinal of chickens at 46 days of age

CATU·mgprot‐1
T‐AOCU·mgprot‐1
MDAnmol·mgprot‐1

Duodenum

Control
3.25±0.27a
2.34±0.62
8.11±1.02b

0.3% DLM
3.29±0.41a
2.38±0.78
5.68±0.63a

0.3% HMTBA
3.96±0.28b
2.25±0.50
4.65±0.54a

Jejunum

Control
0.91±0.17a
1.31±0.36
12.8±1.82b

0.3% DLM
0.93±0.11a
1.41±0.40
15.34±0.77c

0.3% HMTBA
1.13±0.16ab
1.21±0.23
5.64±0.39a

Effects of MET sources on digestive enzymes in duodenum and jejunum of chickens at 46 days of age

Amylase (U/g·min)
Lipase (U/g·min)
Protease (U/g·min)

Duodenum

Control
2818.41±268.74b
96.51±8.51a
125.57±44.77a

0.3% DLM
1787.96±218.69a
107.47±10.95ab
252.51±33.15b

0.3% HMTBA
3092.98±217.91bc
131.08±11.02c
214.92±27.48b

Jejunum

Control
4148.15±151.43
65.63±11.13a
155.72±11.35a

0.3% DLM
4203.70±173.22
61.14±10.35a
202.62±22.15b

0.3% HMTBA
4097.88±516.72
98.04±8.84b
224.17±27.49b
Quercetin improves high‐fat diet induced bone loss in obesity‐prone mice
Authors: Zhou Yinzhi , Xia Shufang , Duan Xiaomei , Cai Shujun , Le Guowei , Shi Yonghui 
Published: November 2023

Background and ObjectivesWhen fed a high‐fat diet (HFD), the C57/BL6 mice tend to have two different obesity phenotypes: diet‐induced obesity (DIO) and obesity resistance (DR). The present study was to investigate effects of quercetin on bone quality of obesity prone mice and obesity induced by high‐fat diet and role of quercetin played in losing weight.Methods50 3w old C57BL/6 male mice, randomly divided into groups: C group (normal diet, n=10), HFD group (HFD, n=40). After feeding 10 weeks, HFD group grow into two kinds of weight phenotype: diet‐induced obesity and obesity‐resistant. Then picked out the obesity‐prone group and divided into two groups: 1) DIO(n=10): continue feeding a HFD; 2) DIO‐Q(n=10): adding 0.4% quercetin in HFD. Mice were executed at the end of 17w. Liver D1 level, femoral parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were examined. Bone formation related gene expression and osteoclast differentiation related gene expression were detected by qPCR.ResultsBody weight of DIO‐Q mice were 12.5% lower than DIO mice. DIO‐Q mice Liver D1 level was significantly higher than DIO mice (P<0.05). Quercetin reduced HFD fed mice’ body weight may by increasing thyroid hormone depending energy consumption. Compared with C group, femoral mineral content (BMC), bone strength, ash content, calcium content in DIO mice were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). T‐AOC was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), and MDA were both significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). DIO‐Q group osteoblast‐specific genes col1a1, BMP‐2 were up‐regulated to C group level and osteoclast‐specific gene RANKL/OPG was down‐regulated to C group level (P<0.05). T‐AOC, GSH/GSSG were significantly higher than that of the DIO group (P<0.05). MDA was significantly lower than that of the DIO group (P<0.05). DIO‐Q group femoral mineral content, bone strength, ash content, bone length was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the DIO group. Quercetin improved femoral performance parameters in DIO mice may by alleviating femoral oxidative stress and regulating collal, BMP‐2, RANKL/OPG expression.ConclusionHFD can reduce DIO mice bone quality. Quercetin can effectively improve DIO mice bone quality and losing DIO mice body weight.Support or Funding InformationThe study was supported by the 12th Five‐year Plan for Science and Technology Development of China (No. 2012BAD33B05)
Arsenic Exposure and Impaired Glucose Homeostasis: Adequate vs Elevated Folate Intake
Authors: Xu Xiaofan , Mendez Michelle A , González‐Horta Carmen , Sánchez‐Ramírez Blanca , Ballinas‐Casarrubias Lourdes , Cerón Roberto Hernández , Morales Damián Viniegra , Terrazas Francisco Baeza , Ishida Maria C. , Gutiérrez‐Torres Daniela S. , Drobná Zuzana , Buse John , Loomis Dana , Del Razo Luz M. , Stýblo Miroslav 
Published: November 2023

Inorganic arsenic (iAs), a contaminant widespread in drinking water and foods, is associated with chronic diseases including diabetes and cancer, and recent studies have shown that the capacity to metabolize iAs predicts risk of diabetes. Folate and vitamin B12, the dietary methyl group donors, are critical in the metabolism of iAs that includes enzymatic methylation. In settings without fortification, folate supplements have been shown to enhance arsenic metabolism and excretion; adequate folate intake is thus hypothesized to reduce risk of iAs‐associated disease. However, effects of folate on iAs‐associated health outcomes have not been examined in settings with food folate fortification. Our aim was to assess whether, combined with exposure to iAs in drinking water, both the elevated and adequate levels of folate intake associated with consuming fortified foods may have beneficial effects on impaired glucose metabolism.This analysis used data from a cross‐sectional study of adults in Chihuahua, Mexico exposed to iAs in contaminated drinking water with data on diet, drinking water arsenic, and a 2‐hour glucose tolerance test. Folate and B12 intake were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations between exposure to high (> 50μg/L) vs. lower water As combined with folate intake (in dietary folate equivalents, DFEs) defined as adequate (320–800 DFEs), elevated (>800 DFEs), or low (<320 DFEs), among non‐diabetic individuals with adequate intakes of vitamin B12 (2–10 mcg/d). Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate associations between high water As and 2‐hour plasma glucose among individuals with varying levels of folate intake.56.47% of the sample had adequate folate intake, with 35.31% reporting elevated and 8.22% low intake. 70.21% had adequate intakes of vitamin B12. Among individuals exposed to water As > 50μg/L, elevated vs. adequate folate intake was associated with an adjusted mean increase of 10.8±4.2 mg/dL (P<0.05) in 2‐hour glucose. High water arsenic combined with low folate intake, which was not highly prevalent, was associated with small but non‐significant increases in 2‐hour glucose. Compared to those exposed to low water As and adequate folate, those with high water arsenic and adequate but not elevated folate intake did not have a significant increase in 2‐hour glucose. Results suggest that adequate but not elevated intakes of folate may help to reduce impairments in glucose homeostasis among individuals exposed to water As.Support or Funding InformationNIH R21ES02369 (The role of diet in diabetes associated with arsenic exposure)
Long‐term Weight and Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine in Mice and the Impacts of Fish Oil Supplementation
Authors: Stewart Brandon , Ramalingam Latha , Menikdewella Kalhara , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima , Soto Paul 
Published: November 2023

Antipsychotic medications have been associated with rapid weight gain and metabolic dysfunction, which may lead to increased risk for heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and many other serious, life threatening illnesses. Prescribing antipsychotics has increased in adolescents and children; the most common medication being olanzapine (OLZ). The current study investigated the long‐term effects of early‐life exposure to olanzapine in mice, and the impact of a fish oil supplementation. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered cookie dough containing OLZ, or just plain cookie dough, daily from postnatal day 37 to 65, and maintained on one of two diets, a high‐fat (HF)‐high sugar (HS) diet or a HF‐HS diet supplemented with fish oil (FO), resulting in four groups of mice (n=8): HF‐HS, HF‐HS+OLZ, HF‐HS‐FO, HF‐HS‐FO+OLZ. Body weights and food consumed were measured daily. Glucose and insulin tolerance, and fat composition were measured post‐drug treatment. Body weights and fat mass were highest in the HF‐HS group, and equivalent among the remaining three groups despite the lack of any significant difference in amounts of food consumption in all four groups. The HF‐HS group exhibited the lowest clearance rate of glucose and the highest insulin resistance. Analysis of gene expression and inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue may provide insight as to the mechanisms underlying the long‐term effects of OLZ. These data suggest that early‐life exposure to OLZ may produce sustaining alterations in metabolic function and body mass composition.Support or Funding InformationTTU Presidential Cluster Hire Tier 2 and Obesity Research Cluster Pilot & Feasibility award
Tricin, a Methylated Cereal Flavone Suppresses Fat Accumulation Through AKT‐mTORC1‐SREBP1 Pathway in 3T3‐L1 Preadipocytes
Authors: Dabeen Lee , Jee‐Young Imm 
Published: November 2023

Anti‐adipogenic effect and its underlying molecular mechanism of tricin (5, 7, 4′ trihydroxy‐3′, 5′‐dimethoxyflavone), a flavone frequently found in most cereal crops were evaluated in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Tricin treatment (5–20 μM) significantly inhibited accumulation of triglyceride without causing cytotoxicity. The molecular mechanism of tricin‐mediated anti‐adipogenic effect was examined by Western blot analysis. The level of protein kinase B (AKT) expression was decreased by 80% at 20 μM tricin treatment. The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), the central mediator of cell growth and lipid biosynthesis by tricin led to significant suppression of protein level of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and nuclear sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1). These result suggest that tricin regulates adipogenesis by targeting AKT/mTORC1/SREBP1 pathway in adipose tissue and tricin has a potential protective effect in the development of obesity.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2014R1A2A2A01007169).
Evaluation of an Insulin Sensitivity Index from the Short Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test for Detecting Response to a Dietary Intervention
Authors: Maki Kevin C , Nieman Kristin M , Cook Chad M , Huebner Margie , Baum Seth J 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this analysis was to evaluate an insulin sensitivity index (Tura SI) from the short (50 min) insulin‐modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), compared with minimal model analysis of 180 min IVGTT data (MM SI). Subjects, a subset of a clinical trial sample (J Nutr 2012;142:717–723) who agreed to take part in a substudy, included men (n = 8) and women (n = 16), with mean (SD) age 48.9 (9.9) y and body mass index 30.8 (4.9) kg/m2. Participants consumed 0, 15, and 30 g/d high‐amylose resistant starch (RS) for 4 wk each in a double‐blind, randomized, crossover trial. MM SI was assessed after each condition with a 0.3 g/kg IV glucose bolus (t = 0 min) followed by regular human insulin (0.03 U/kg, t = 20 min). Plasma samples were collected at frequent intervals over 180 min. MM SI was calculated with MINMOD MILLENIUM v6.02. Tura SI was calculated as the fractional glucose disappearance rate/mean increment above baseline plasma insulin, both from 10–50 min. MM SI and Tura SI were 3.70 (2.85) and 3.24 (2.17) × 10−4 L/(min*mU), respectively. Median (interquartile limits) % changes from control at 15 g/d RS were 28.3 (−2.7, 85.3; p = 0.005) and 29.2 (−8.3, 74.4; p = 0.01), for MM SI and Tura SI, respectively; 30 g/d RS values were 16.1 (−9.8, 58.9; p = 0.03), and 19.3 (−12.8, 47.6; p = 0.03), for MM SI and Tura SI, respectively. The two indices were highly correlated during each condition: r = 0.957 (control), 0.920 (15 g/d), and 0.958 (30 g/d) (all p <0.001). These results support the use of Tura SI as a less costly and time‐consuming method than MM SI for assessing changes in whole‐body insulin sensitivity.Support or Funding InformationIngredion, Westchester, IL
Effects of Watermelon and L‐Arginine Consumption on Serum Lipid Profile, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Beidler Joshua , Hunter Anna , Tunstall Ashley , Kern Mark , Hooshmand Shirin , Figueroa Arturo , Hong Mee Young 
Published: November 2023

Both watermelon and L‐arginine consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by promoting endothelial nitric oxide production; however, few studies have directly compared the effects of these agents on blood lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of watermelon extract (powder) or L‐arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors in rats fed an atherogenic high‐fat diet. After 9 weeks of feeding, rat (Sprague‐Dawley, male, 21 days old) serum samples were collected from animals fed diets containing 0.5% watermelon powder (n = 11), 0.36% L‐arginine (n = 11) or a control diet (n = 10) to evaluate a variety of biomarkers that are associated with lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Both L‐arginine and watermelon groups exhibited improved lipid profile as indicated by significantly lower (P<0.05) serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the supplemented groups was not different than control. Serum C‐reactive protein and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly lower in the L‐arginine and watermelon groups (P<0.05), indicating decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. The liver function markers aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the L‐arginine and watermelon groups, while alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase were not. These results suggest that watermelon extract is a viable alternative to L‐arginine supplementation for improving cardiovascular risk factors, as evidenced by beneficial effects on serum lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammation.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by The US National Watermelon Promotion Board.
Iron and Zinc Status in Thai Lactating Women and the Concentrations in Their Breast Milk During the First 6 Months of Lactation
Authors: Wecharak Purisa , Kankawn Suwannee , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Dumrongwongsiri Oraporn 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundBreast milk is the gold standard of infant feeding especially during the first 6 months of life. Nutritional status and dietary intake of lactating women may affect breast milk concentration of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn).ObjectiveTo assess the status of Fe and Zn as well as their concentrations in breast milk of lactating women during the first 6 months of lactation, and to determine factors associated with Fe and Zn status in breast milk of lactating women.DesignThis was a longitudinal study over a 6‐month period. Lactating women were enrolled when visiting a well child clinic at Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Maternal intakes of dietary Fe and Zn, anthropometry, and breast milk Fe and Zn concentrations were determined at 2, 4 and 6 months of lactation. Complete blood count, Fe status using serum ferritin, and plasma Zn levels of the women were analyzed at 6 months of lactation.ResultsThere were 63 lactating women. The prevalence of Fe depletion (serum ferritin <12 ug/dL), Fe deficiency anemia (Hb <110 g/L) and Zn deficiency (plasma Zn <10.7 umol/L) were 4.8%, 3.2%, and 17.5%, respectively. The medians of dietary Fe and Zn intakes at 6 months were 8.67 and 5.04 mg, respectively. At 2, 4, and 6 months of lactation, the median levels of Fe in breast milk were 0.16, 0.13, and 0.13 mcg/L, while Zn levels were 1.1, 0.72, and 0.54 mcg/L, respectively. Breast milk Fe and Zn levels were significantly different between each period of lactation. At 6 months, Fe status was positively correlated with dietary Fe intake (b=0.515, p=0.018) and Fe levels in breast milk were inversely correlated with plasma Zn levels (b=−0.101, p=0.01).ConclusionThere were deficiencies of Fe and Zn during the first 6 months of lactation.Breast milk Fe and Zn concentrations were decreased during the lactation period. Nutrients in breast milk were affected by maternal nutritional status. Appropriate dietary intakes of lactating mothers should be advised and monitored.
Anti‐stress Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Ginger on Immobilization‐stressed Rats
Authors: Park Seonyoung , Moon Sohee , Jung Sunyoon , Kim Yangha 
Published: November 2023

Exposure to physical or psychological stress may be related to weight loss and hepatotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high hydrostatic pressure extract of ginger affects immobilization stress‐induced weight loss and liver damage in rats. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=21) were divided into three groups; (i) normal (N), (ii) immobilization stress (S) and (iii) immobilization stress plus ginger extract (S+G) (150 mg/kg BW/d). For immobilization stress, rats were immobilized in restrain cage for 2 hours every day for 2 weeks. Immobilization stress resulted in a significant reduction of body weight by 13% and a thymus weight by 30% (P<0.05) compare to N group. The levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), the marker of acute liver injury, were increased in S group compared to N group (P<0.05). Ginger extract administration significantly increased body weight gain by 12% and thymus weight by 16% compared to S group (P<0.05). Ginger extract significantly lowered the levels of AST and ALT by 20.1% and 20.3%, respectively compare to S group (P<0.05). These results suggest that high hydrostatic pressure extract of ginger might improve weight gain and liver function in stressed condition.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 plus project funding (No. 22A20130012143).