bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biometric technologies business case: a systematic approach
Authors: Riley Richard A. , Franke Kleist Virginia 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to assist readers to develop a compelling business case, including quantifiable and non‐quantifiable costs and benefits, for the deployment of biometric technologies in information systems to enhance corporate security for access control, identification and verification applications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of leading biometric technologies, while commenting on their practical applicability in real world implementations. In addition, the paper develops a process for ensuring that the best biometric applications are chosen, considering both the technology and related business issues.FindingsThe paper suggests that biometrics must be carefully selected to achieve a good fit to the security problem, giving examples of how a good fit might be evaluated by the user. The one‐time and recurring charges associated with the typical biometric implementation are evaluated, arguing that these costs must be offset by a formal risk evaluation. The paper presents a user's guide for sensible implementation evaluations. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the use of biometrics in systems security implementations is one tool among many, and must thus be viewed as only part of an overall information security management infrastructure.Originality/valueIn order to select biometric technologies, buyers must choose solutions to business problems, solutions that demonstrate that the biometric makes sense from a cost‐benefit and business perspective. This paper, in a step‐by‐step manner, walks readers through the decision‐making process and assists them in making compelling business arguments for biometric applications.
An automated framework for managing security vulnerabilities
Authors: Al‐Ayed A. , Furnell S.M. , Zhao D. , Dowland P.S. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to look at unpatched software which represents a significant problem for internet‐based systems, with a myriad malware incidents and hacker exploits taking advantage of vulnerable targets. Unfortunately, vulnerability management is a non‐trivial task, and is complicated by an increasing number of vulnerabilities and the workload implications associated with handling the associated security advisories and updates.Design/methodology/approachAs a step towards addressing the problem, this paper presents an automated framework that is designed to provide a vendor‐independent means of vulnerability notification and rectification for system administrators.FindingsIn the proposed framework, incoming vulnerability advisory messages may be obtained from multiple sources, and then filtered and prioritised according to the specific requirements of the target environment (as determined by the security administrator). In addition to notification management, the framework provides an automated facility for the download and deployment of any associated patches. The framework has been implemented in prototype form, with particular focus on the notification manager.Originality/valueThis paper presents an automated framework, providing a valuable and comprehensive solution for managing vulnerabilities in terms of notification and rectification systems.
Broad sensory branding
Authors: Lindstrom Martin 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to reveal data that have emerged from an extensive study into the relationship between the five senses and brands.Design/methodology/approachResearch was conducted by the global market research agency, Millward Brown. A team of 60 researchers undertook a quantitative and qualitative study in 13 countries over an 18‐month period. The study set out to determine the role senses play in how one selects brands.FindingsResults revealed that 99 percent of all brand communication currently focuses on only two of the senses – sight and sound. Emotional connections are effectively made with a synergy of all five senses, and as such those brands that are communicating from a multi‐sensory brand platform have the greatest likelihood of forming emotional connections between consumers and their product.Originality/valueThe paper uses case studies from global brands to illustrate the effectiveness of messages that incorporate as many senses as possible.
Hispanic versus Anglo male dominance in purchase decisions
Authors: Ogden Denise T. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeAims to determine whether the level of acculturation experienced by Hispanics influences purchase decisions (brand, location, paint color) of household paint.Design/methodology/approachA telephone survey was conducted to determine the extent to which husbands influenced the purchase of household paint. Hispanic and Anglo responses were compared. Additional data were collected to determine the level of acculturation of the consumer.FindingsThe findings indicate no difference between Hispanic and Anglo patterns. There was also no difference between Hispanics high in acculturation (HHIA) and Hispanics low in acculturation (HLIA) in male dominance of purchase decisions.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations of the study deals with the newest immigrants. Those Hispanics who have recently immigrated may not have an established address or telephone number, so this group may not be adequately represented.Practical implicationsIn determining influence for paint‐related products, gender may be a better segmentation factor than level of acculturation.Originality/valueThe results of this study are contrary to prior research. Perhaps, as suggested by Belch and Willis, men are losing their influence in purchase decisions owing to the internal changes that have occurred over time in US families. A strong contribution that this study makes to the current consumer acculturation research is that one should not make general statements about Hispanics and the acculturation process.
Names, brands, branding: beyond the signs, symbols, products and services
Authors: Jevons Colin 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe paper aims to stimulate discussion of what branding actually is, does and maybe should do.Design/methodology/approachA reflective essay is presented which briefly outlines the history of meanings of branding leading to speculation about future meanings.FindingsThe paper finds that the term “brand” is now used extensively in previously unimaginable areas, yet the common examples and textbooks seem to be inexorably linked to little beyond the brand management of products or for‐profit consumer services.Practical implicationsWith this piece, the Journal of Product & Brand Management starts a new section that aims to bring discussion beyond products brand management – taking thinking about brands beyond the current conventions.Originality/valueThis paper provides a detailed call to action for academics and practitioners interested in exploring possible futures of branding thought.
Framing a price bundle: the case of “buy/get” offers
Authors: Raghubir Priya 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe underlying thesis of this paper is that consumers will infer that the costs of production of a product that is offered free are low, and this will reduce the price they are willing to pay for the product when it is a stand‐alone offering.Design/methodology/approachTwo laboratory experiments examine how consumers respond to products that have been offered as “free gifts with purchase” of another product.FindingsStudy 1 shows, that when an economically identical offer is framed as a joint bundle (Buy X and Y for $), compared with when it is framed as a “Buy one, get one free” offer, consumers are willing to pay less for the product offered “free.” Study 2 shows that, when a product is given away “free,” then consumers are willing to pay less for it as a stand‐alone product, especially when the original promotional offer does not include the price of the free gift.Research limitations/implicationsResults imply that the design and communication of consumer promotions affect the price consumers are willing to pay for a product.Practical implicationsManagerial implications for the design and communication of consumer promotions are discussed.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the growing body of research that shows that a price promotion has more than just an economic effect; it also has an informational effect through which it affects consumer responses.
E‐tail and retail reference price effects
Authors: Hardesty David M. , Suter Tracy A. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe focus and intended contribution of this research are to understand better how retailers should strategically present external reference price information varying in the context from which it originates (online vs bricks and mortar).Design/methodology/approachA two reference price environment (online e‐tail, bricks‐and‐mortar retail) × two external reference price ($252.99, low; $379.99, high) between subjects experimental design with a single control condition was employed.FindingsResults from an experimental study provide empirical support, suggesting that consumers expect to pay less in online e‐tail settings than bricks‐and‐mortar retail settings. Additionally, results suggest that bricks‐and‐mortar retail external reference prices influence consumer e‐tail price expectations, price fairness, and satisfaction perceptions more than online e‐tail external reference prices when reference prices are high. When external reference prices are low, both online e‐tail and bricks‐and‐mortar retail external reference prices are equally effective.Research limitations/implicationsPrice setters should use bricks‐and‐mortar external reference prices when the external reference price is high, as consumers are impacted positively by these reference prices.Practical implicationsThe research results suggest a time to use bricks‐and‐mortar external reference prices and suggest that online external reference prices have similar impact regardless of the size of the external reference price.Originality/valueThis research is the first of its kind to evaluate the impact of the context of the reference price on consumer evaluations.
The futures agenda of the future CEO
Authors: Buchen Irving H. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo shape a futures agenda for future executives.Design/methodology/approachIdentifies and examines five future leadership foci: globality, technology, talent development and retention, innovation, and professional development and training.FindingsThe position of CEO needs to be reinvented and to move in the direction of hybrid competencies.Originality/valueAll future executives will have to be futurists and learning leaders.
Powering the world with nuclear energy – past, present, and inevitable future
Authors: Baker Schaffer Marvin 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe article aims to explore the potential for pebble‐bed high‐temperature gas reactor (HTGR) technology to meet possible future energy shortages.Design/methodology/approachThe historical evolution of nuclear power is reviewed followed by empirical data that demonstrate the finite nature of oil and gas reserves. The characteristics of HTGR technology are then explored.FindingsA pebble‐bed HTGR ameliorates nuclear waste disposal issues, does not disgorge large quantities of excess heat, is terrorist‐resistant, solves persistent problems concerning weapon proliferation, and is inherently safe.Originality/valueThe article makes the case for the US Department of Energy to take the lead in demonstrating a pebble‐bed HTGR plant to overcome industry reluctance to invest in this technology.
Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) development and public policy implications
Authors: Meisel John B. , Needles Michael 
Published: April 2005

PurposeIn the context of a current regulatory proceeding in the USA, the purpose of the paper is to argue for utilization of a new analytical framework to govern the regulation of the rapidly growing voice over internet protocol (VoIP) technology. Specifically, the paper recommends replacement of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) existing vertical regulatory structure with a new conceptual paradigm, a layered or horizontal model that more closely mirrors the structure of internet communications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper briefly traces the evolution of the FCC's current regulatory structure and its previous treatment of internet telephony. Current petitions by individual telecommunications companies before the FCC and the agency's notice of proposed rulemaking on VoIP are analyzed and business and economic implications of VoIP are discussed.FindingsThe paper finds that utilization of a layered model enables policy makers to target regulation to specific sources of market power in the access layer and to attainment of social objectives such as wiretapping, while allowing free market competition to govern competitive layers of internet communications.Practical implicationsRegulatory policy in a world of VoIP technology must change. The FCC's old way of regulating in a world where individual communication services are linked to specific technologies must be replaced in the new internet world of converging services.Originality/valueThe paper builds on previous research outlining the layered model and applies this new conceptual framework to the current issues raised in the FCC rulemaking. The paper intends to provide guidance to telecommunications regulators.
The prospects for 3G in the USA: the view from Europe
Authors: Curwen Peter 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe article aims to review the history of 3G in the USA from the differing perspectives of the government, regulators and network operators, with the narrative based around the various spectrum bands that have been proposed for 3G at various times during the past decade.Design/methodology/approachThis case study of the background to the development of advanced mobile data services in the USA is written from the perspective of someone familiar with the somewhat different processes evident so far in Europe. Contrasting the USA with Europe is of particular interest because it is the USA, perhaps surprisingly, that is suffering due to a somewhat laisse‐faire attitude to spectrum allocation in the past, whereas the elements of dirigisme in Europe have at least produced consistency, even if progress has been slow.FindingsWhat is revealed is a not untypical story of the authorities trying to unwind decisions which seemed to be perfectly sensible at the time when they were taken, but have been overtaken by events (including new technologies) and hence are currently decidedly sub‐optimal. As ever, vested interests do not intend to make concessions without being paid off handsomely.Originality/valueAs things stand, 3G is a reality provided that it reuses existing 2G spectrum bands, but that does not present a blueprint for the future if the USA does not wish to be left behind.
Developing a cultural perspective on ERP
Authors: Boersma Kees , Kingma Sytze 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo develop an analytical framework through which the organizational cultural dimension of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations can be analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is primarily based on a review of the literature.FindingsERP is an enterprise system that offers, to a certain extent, standard business solutions. This standardization is reinforced by two processes: ERP systems are generally implemented by intermediary IT organizations, mediating between the development of ERP‐standard software packages and specific business domains of application; and ERP systems integrate complex networks of production divisions, suppliers and customers.Originality/valueIn this paper, ERP itself is presented as problematic, laying heavy burdens on organizations – ERP is a demanding technology. While in some cases recognizing the mutual shaping of technology and organization, research into ERP mainly addresses the economic‐technological rationality of ERP (i.e. matters of effectiveness and efficiency). We want to supplement and complement this perspective with a cultural approach. How do individuals in organizations define and experience ERP‐standards? How and to what extent are management and working positions redefined in the process of developing and implementing ERP? In the paper, we highlight three perspectives from which ERP systems can be experienced, defined and analyzed. These perspectives are specified as the “constitution” of ERP, ERP as a “condition” of organizations, and the (unintended) “consequences” of ERP.
Faith‐Based Social Service Organizations and Government Funding: Data from a National Survey*
Authors: Ebaugh Helen Rose , Saltzman Chafetz Janet , Pipes Paula F. 
Published: April 2005

Objective. The objective of the research reported in this article is to test four hypotheses concerning government funding among faith‐based social service coalitions: that it is positively related to size and organizational professionalism; positively related to attitudes toward government funding; positively related to social activism; and negatively related to organizational religiosity.Method. Our method is the application of OLS and probit analysis to data from a national survey of 656 such organizations.Results. Using three measures of government funding and 12 predictor variables, results are mixed in their support of the size and professionalization hypothesis and generally support the remaining hypotheses. These findings are replicated when we compare coalitions that had and had not applied for government funding.Conclusions. Our findings emphasize that greater religious expressiveness dissuades coalitions from both seeking and receiving government funding, but higher levels of social activism expedite both.
Welfare Reform and Teenage Girls*
Authors: Offner Paul 
Published: April 2005

Objectives. Although the problems of teenage girls figured prominently in the passage of welfare reform legislation in 1996, there has been relatively little research on the effects of the new law on this population. This article attempts to fill this gap.Methods. The article employs a difference‐in‐difference methodology to assess program impacts, making use of data from the March Current Population Survey for the years 1989–2001.Results. The main findings are that the 1996 legislation increased school attendance among all teenage girls and reduced the rate of teenage childbearing.Conclusion. These are important behavioral changes that should positively affect the program's long‐term success.
Private and Public Displays of Affection Among Interracial and Intra‐Racial Adolescent Couples*
Authors: Vaquera Elizabeth , Kao Grace 
Published: April 2005

Objective. This article examines variation in displays of affection between interracial and intra‐racial adolescent couples.Method. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States, we estimate hierarchical linear models to compare characteristics of interracial and intra‐racial relationships among white, African‐American, Hispanic, Asian American, and Native American adolescents. In our comparisons we highlight three dimensions of relationship attributes: public display, private display, and intimate physical contact.Results. Our findings suggest that interracial couples are less likely than intra‐racial couples to exhibit public and private displays of affection, but are not different from intra‐racial couples in intimate displays of affection.Conclusions. Social barriers against interracial dating still exist such that even though interracial couples are similar to intra‐racial couples in their levels of intimacy in private, they are less comfortable displaying their feelings in public.
Visual experience during cataract surgery: a nation‐wide survey on the knowledge of optometry students*
Authors: Tan Colin S. H. , Tang Wilfred , Tan Say Beng , Eong Kah‐Guan Au 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurpose:  Many patients experience a variety of visual sensations during cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. Up to 16.2% of patients are frightened by their intraoperative visual experience. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and beliefs of optometry students on this subject.Methods:  A nationwide survey using a standardised, self‐administered questionnaire was conducted on all optometry students in Singapore.Results:  For cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia, 38.9% of the respondents believed that patients might experience no light perception while 68.5% felt that patients were likely to be able to perceive light. Overall, 70.4% felt that patients might be frightened by their visual experiences and 88.0% believed that preoperative counselling of patients would serve to reduce the fear experienced during the surgery. For cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia, 37.0% of the respondents believed that patients would perceive no light and 74.1% believed that patients would retain light perception. Overall, 67.6% believed that patients may be frightened and 86.1% felt that preoperative counselling would help.Conclusion:  Many optometry students correctly believed that patients might experience a variety of visual sensations during cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. The majority were also aware that patients might be frightened by this and felt that preoperative counselling would be helpful.
In vivo corneal confocal microscopy in keratoconus
Authors: Hollingsworth Joanna G. , Efron Nathan , Tullo Andrew B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurpose:  To evaluate the corneas of keratoconic subjects using in vivo confocal microscopy.Methods:  Slit scanning confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the central cornea of one eye of each of 29 keratoconic subjects (mean age 31 ± 10 years; range 16–49 years). Quantitative aspects of corneal morphology were compared against data from control subjects.Results:  Compared with normal control corneas, epithelial wing cell nuclei were larger (p < 0.0001) and epithelial basal cell diameter was larger (p < 0.05) in the keratoconic cornea. Many of the keratoconic corneas investigated showed increased levels of stromal haze and reflectivity, which appeared to be related to the presence of apical scarring on slit lamp examination. A grading scale was devised to quantify the levels of haze. This scale was shown to provide a measure of the level of scarring present. The anterior keratocyte density (AKD) and posterior keratocyte density were 19% lower (p < 0.0001) and 10% lower (p = 0.004) than in controls, respectively. The reduction in AKD was significantly associated with three factors: a history of atopy, eye rubbing and the presence of corneal staining. The mean endothelial cell density in keratoconus was 6% greater than that of normal controls (p = 0.05). The level of endothelial polymegethism was shown not to be different between keratoconic subjects and matched controls (paired t‐test: t = 1.82, p = 0.08).Conclusions:  Confocal microscopy demonstrates significant quantitative alterations of corneal morphology in keratoconus.