bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of internalised HIV stigma in disclosure of maternal HIV serostatus to children perinatally HIV‐exposed but uninfected: a prospective study in the United States
Authors: Davtyan Mariam , Kacanek Deborah , Lee Jessica , Berman Claire , Chadwick Ellen G. , Smith Renee , Salomon Liz , Frederick Toinette ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDecisions to disclose HIV serostatus may be complicated by internalised HIV stigma. We evaluated the association of internalised HIV stigma in biological mothers living with HIV with disclosure of their serostatus to their children perinatally HIV‐exposed but uninfected (CHEU).MethodsMothers and their CHEU were enrolled in the United States (U.S.)‐based Surveillance Monitoring for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Toxicities (SMARTT) study of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS), a longitudinal study of outcomes related to in utero exposure to HIV and ART among CHEU. Mothers completing at least one stigma and disclosure assessment starting at the child's age 11‐, 13‐, 15‐ and/or 17‐year study visits between 16 August 2016 and 1 October 2020 were eligible. Stigma was measured with the 28‐item Internalised HIV Stigma Scale (IHSS). Mean stigma scores were linearly transformed to a range of 0–100, with higher scores indicating greater levels of stigma. At each visit, mothers were asked if their child was aware of their HIV diagnosis and at what age the child became aware. The Kaplan‐Meier estimator evaluated the cumulative probability of disclosure at each child age. Logistic regression models with generalised estimating equations to account for repeated measures were fit to examine the association between stigma and disclosure, controlling for relevant socio‐demographic variables.ResultsIncluded were 438 mothers of 576 children (mean age 41.5 years, 60% U.S.‐born, 60% Black/African American and 37% with household income ≤$10,000). The prevalence of disclosure across all visits was 29%. Mothers whose children were aware versus not aware of their serostatus reported lower mean IHSS scores (38.2 vs. 45.6, respectively). The cumulative proportion of disclosure by age 11 was 18.4% (95% CI: 15.5%, 21.8%) and 41% by age 17 (95% CI: 35.2%, 47.4%). At all child ages, disclosure was higher among children of U.S.‐born versus non‐U.S.‐born mothers. After adjusting for age, marital status and years since HIV diagnosis, higher IHSS scores were associated with lower odds of disclosure (OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.975, 0.995).ConclusionsProviding support to women as they make decisions about serostatus disclosure to their children may entail addressing internalised HIV stigma and consideration of community‐level factors, particularly for non‐U.S.‐born mothers.
軽症の鈍的胸部外傷後に遅発性血胸を繰り返した横隔膜損傷の1例(Recurrent delayed hemothorax due to diaphragmatic injury after minor blunt chest trauma: a case report)
Authors: 安博 岩﨑 , 純一 福島 , 菜都乃 有井 , 淳一 北山 , 政信 重里 
Published: November 2023

要旨症例は50歳台の男性。当院受診7日前に転倒し軽度の右背部痛が持続していた。当院受診前日に近医を受診し，胸部CTで右第8，9，10肋骨骨折と軽度の右血気胸を認め翌日当院紹介受診となった。しかし当院受診時に右血胸が増加し，強い呼吸苦を訴え酸素飽和度の低下も認めた。救急外来で胸腔ドレナージを実施し，呼吸状態は改善した。持続的出血は認めず，ドレーン排液も漿液性となり量も減少した。しかし入院5日目に再度右大量血胸によるショック状態を呈し緊急開胸止血術を行った。転位を伴う肋骨骨折に起因すると思われる右横隔膜裂創を認め，縫合止血と再発予防のために転位肋骨骨折端の処理を行った。術後血行動態は安定した。軽症胸部外傷でも緊急止血術を要する遅発性血胸は発症しうる。とくに下位の転位性肋骨骨折を伴う症例では注意深い経過観察が必要である。止血に関しては，出血源が特定できない場合や血行動態不安定な場合は迅速な外科的止血術が必要である。また再発予防のために転位性肋骨骨折端の処理も必要である。開胸止血術を行う際には，下位肋骨骨折があり出血源不明な症例では，転位性肋骨骨折近傍の肋間での開胸は有用な場合がある。
Effect of Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) on Iodine Release from Acrylate‐Endcapped Urethane‐Based Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels as Antibacterial Wound Dressing
Authors: Mignon Arn , Gheysens Tom , Walraet Sander , Tack Pieter , Rigole Petra , Coenye Tom , Vincze Laszlo , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfections are still a major cause of morbidity in burn wounds. Although silver has been used strongly in past centuries as an anti‐bacterial, it can lead to allergic reactions, bacterial resistance, and delayed wound healing. Iodine‐based antibacterials are becoming an interesting alternative. In this work, the effect of complexation with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based polymers is explored by using different acrylate‐endcapped urethane‐based poly(ethylene glycol) (AUP) polymers, varying the molar mass (MM) of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) backbone, with possible addition of PVP. The higher MM AUP outperforms the swelling potential of commercial wound dressings such as Kaltostat, Aquacel Ag, and Hydrosorb and all MM show superior mechanical properties. The addition of iodine to the polymers is compared to Iso‐Betadine Tulle (IBT). Interestingly, the addition of PVP does not lead to increased iodine complexation compared to the blank AUP polymers, while all have a prolonged iodine release compared to the IBT, which leads to a burst release. The observed prolonged release also leads to larger inhibition zones during antibacterial tests. Complexing iodine in AUP polymers with or without PVP leads to antimicrobial wound dressings which may hold potential for future application to treat infected wounds.
Development of covalent inhibitors: Principle, design, and application in cancer
Authors: Zheng Lang , Li Yang , Wu Defa , Xiao Huan , Zheng Shilong , Wang Guan , Sun Qiu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCovalent inhibitors have been a rapidly growing field in drug discovery due to their therapeutic potential and unique advantages in cancer therapy. As opposed to noncovalent inhibitory drugs, covalent inhibitors reversibly or irreversibly modify proximal nucleophilic amino acid residues on proteins, aiming to selectively recognize and bind to protein targets and addressing some of the challenges faced by noncovalent drugs. Most successful targeted covalent inhibitors depend primarily on binding‐site cysteine residues, but this has limitations for certain protein targets that lack targetable cysteine residues. Recently, the rational design of covalent inhibitors or covalent probes targeting other nucleophilic residues, such as lysine, tyrosine, serine, has turned out to be another promising strategy for cancer therapy. Thus, the development of novel strategies to extend the scope of covalent binding and improve the binding properties is required. This review gives a summary of the development of covalent inhibitors targeting noncysteine from different aspects, including target identification, structure–activity relationships, drug discovery strategies, and binding properties, in the hope of providing a scientific reference for future covalent drug discovery as a means of expanding research in cancer therapy.
Light mixed‐supervised segmentation for 3D medical image data
Authors: Yang Hongxu , Tan Tao , Tegzes Pal , Dong Xiaomeng , Tamada Rajesh , Ferenczi Lehel , Avinash Gopal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate 3D semantic segmentation models are essential for many clinical applications. To train a model for 3D segmentation, voxel‐level annotation is necessary, which is expensive to obtain due to laborious work and privacy protection. To accurately annotate 3D medical data, such as MRI, a common practice is to annotate the volumetric data in a slice‐by‐slice contouring way along principal axes.PurposeIn order to reduce the annotation effort in slices, weakly supervised learning with a bounding box (Bbox) was proposed to leverage the discriminating information via a tightness prior assumption. Nevertheless, this method requests accurate and tight Bboxes, which will significantly drop the performance when tightness is not held, that is when a relaxed Bbox is applied. Therefore, there is a need to train a stable model based on relaxed Bbox annotation.MethodsThis paper presents a mixed‐supervised training strategy to reduce the annotation effort for 3D segmentation tasks. In the proposed approach, a fully annotated contour is only required for a single slice of the volume. In contrast, the rest of the slices with targets are annotated with relaxed Bboxes. This mixed‐supervised method adopts fully supervised learning, relaxed Bbox prior, and contrastive learning during the training, which ensures the network exploits the discriminative information of the training volumes properly. The proposed method was evaluated on two public 3D medical imaging datasets (MRI prostate dataset and Vestibular Schwannoma [VS] dataset).ResultsThe proposed method obtained a high segmentation Dice score of 85.3% on an MRI prostate dataset and 83.3% on a VS dataset with relaxed Bbox annotation, which are close to a fully supervised model. Moreover, with the same relaxed Bbox annotations, the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods. More importantly, the model performance is stable when the accuracy of Bbox annotation varies.ConclusionsThe presented study proposes a method based on a mixed‐supervised learning method in 3D medical imaging. The benefit will be stable segmentation of the target in 3D images with low accurate annotation requirement, which leads to easier model training on large‐scale datasets.
Stability of unsaturated soil slope considering stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties
Authors: Cao Wei , Zhou Annan , Shen Shui‐Long 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties exist widely in nature. Recent studies have shown that the slope stability was significantly influenced by these two uncertainties. However, there is no proper method for simulating these two uncertainties at the same time, and the influence of the two uncertainties has not been considered in previous unsaturated soil slope stability analysis. This paper aims to propose a coupled method for characterizing the stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties, and investigate the unsaturated soil slope stability considering the two uncertainties. Through a slope case, the proposed method for characterizing the two uncertainties is examined. The effect of rotational angle on the slope stability and groundwater table is studied. In addition, four different uncertainty considerations are chosen to compare their influence on the slope stability and groundwater table. The results show that the proposed method can well characterize the two uncertainties at the same time. The rotational anisotropy of soil properties has a substantial impact on the slope stability and groundwater table. The rotational angles corresponding to the maximum and minimum reliability index of slope depend on the uncertainty considerations in the slope stability analysis. The slope reliability index only considering stratigraphic uncertainty is the highest, and the slope reliability index considering stratigraphic uncertainty and rotated anisotropy of soil properties is the lowest.
Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide
Authors: Zabihi Amirreza , Fasihi Mohammad , Rasouli Sajad , Wati Sharudin Rahida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThermal conductive filler, silicon carbide (SiC), has been investigated for its effects on the mechanical properties, microstructural properties, physical properties, and kinetic characteristics of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR). SBR/BR‐SiC's tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness were improved by 5 phr SiC content within the composite. Specifically, there was a 44% increase in tensile strength, a 51% increase in strain at break, and impressive 113% increase in toughness. Additionally, there was a notable reduction of approximately ~15% in the compression set. The calculated crosslink density using the Flory–Rehner equation proved that the SiC filler increased the covalent bonds between the polymer chains during the curing reaction. The rheometry results showed a reduction in the scorch and optimum curing times by ~10% via the incorporation of SiC. The addition of 5 phr SiC decreased the curing duration time by 47%. The scanning electron microscopy images taken from the samples at different magnifications showed that the particle agglomeration after SiC = 5 phr was the main factor in reducing the SiC performance in the composite.Highlights
Tensile properties of SBR/BR were improved with high thermal conductive SiC.
SiC accelerated the rate of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR.
The crosslink density was maximized with the addition of SiC to the compound.
Better heat transfer by SiC led to a reduction in the energy consumption of curing.
Thermal diffusivity was raised with the addition of SiC to the compound.
Phonon Blockade in A Squeezed Cavity Optomechanical System
Authors: Xie Hong , He Le‐Wei , Shang Xiao , Lin Xiu‐Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhonon blockade is study in a squeezed cavity optomechanical system, where the cavity mode is squeezed by a parametric driving field. The squeezed cavity mode can parametrically couple to the mechanical mode with an exponentially enhanced coupling strength, which allows one to obtain strong mechanical nonlinearity. By exploring the mechanical nonlinearity, the study researches on phonon blockade by analyzing the statistical properties of phonons, and finds that phonon blockade can be implemented with currently available optomechanical technologies. It is also shown that the phonon blockade can be detected by the measurement of correlation function of the squeezed cavity mode. The results suggest that the squeezed cavity optomechanical system could be a attractive platform for applications in the single‐phonon quantum technologies.
A comparative view of the level of agricultural sustainability – The case of European Union member states
Authors: Nowak Anna , Różańska‐Boczula Monika 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe paper aims to fill the research gap in monitoring agriculture's sustainable development in the European Union (EU) member states. The assessment used a synthetic index based on indicators related to three dimensions: economic, social and environmental. The surveys have a high practical value. Not only did they reveal differences between member states regarding agricultural sustainability, but they also captured the areas of utmost attention to particular countries. The countries were classified into four groups based on the synthetic measure. Member states with the highest level of sustainability in the agricultural sector were Austria, Estonia, Belgium and Czechia. Study outcomes also made it possible to identify the indicators with the strongest impact on the four groups of countries. These included the area under organic farming, ammonia emission, pesticide sales, and labour productivity. Due to the differentiation of agriculture in the EU, the member states largely need to undertake measures towards sustainable development in this sector.
In Situ Single Particle Reconstruction Reveals 3D Evolution of PtNi Nanocatalysts During Heating
Authors: Wang Yi‐Chi , Slater Thomas J. A. , Leteba Gerard M. , Lang Candace I. , Wang Zhong Lin , Haigh Sarah J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTailoring nanoparticles’ composition and morphology is of particular interest for improving their performance for catalysis. A challenge of this approach is that the nanoparticles’ optimized initial structure often changes during use. Visualizing the three dimensional (3D) structural transformation in situ is therefore critical, but often prohibitively difficult experimentally. Although electron tomography provides opportunities for 3D imaging, restrictions in the tilt range of in situ holders together with electron dose considerations limit the possibilities for in situ electron tomography studies. Here, an in situ 3D imaging methodology is presented using single particle reconstruction (SPR) that allows 3D reconstruction of nanoparticles with controlled electron dose and without tilting the microscope stage. This in situ SPR methodology is employed to investigate the restructuring and elemental redistribution within a population of PtNi nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. The atomic structure of PtNi is further examined and a heat‐induced transition is found from a disordered to an ordered phase. Changes in structure and elemental distribution are linked to a loss of catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction. The in situ SPR methodology employed here can be extended to a wide range of in situ studies employing not only heating, but gaseous, aqueous, or electrochemical environments to reveal in‐operando nanoparticle evolution in 3D.
Circular string in a black p-brane leading to chaos
Authors: Dutta Pinaki , Panigrahi Kamal L. , Singh Balbeer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider a pulsating string near a non-extremal black p-brane (p=5 and p=6) and investigate the chaos in the corresponding string dynamics by examining the Fast Lyapunov indicator(FLI) and Poincare section. In our system, the energy and the charge play the role of control parameters. For generic values of these parameters, the numerical results show that the dynamics primarily fall into three modes: capture, escape to infinity, and quasiperiodic depending on the initial location (near to or far away from the black brane horizon) of the string. Finally, probing for different values of the winding number (n) the dynamics turns out to be sensitive to n. In particular, we observe the point particle (n = 0) scenario to be integrable whereas at higher n the dynamics seems to be chaotic.
Diffusion-weighted imaging for determining response to neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bilreiro Carlos , Andrade Luísa , Marques Rui Mateus , Matos Celso 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for predicting response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in pancreatic cancer.

Materials and methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies evaluating the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to assess response to NAT. Data extracted included ADC pre- and post-NAT, for predicting response as defined by imaging, histopathology, or clinical reference standards. ADC values were compared with standardized mean differences. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies (QUADAS-2).

Results
Of 337 studies, 7 were included in the analysis (161 patients). ADC values reported for the pre- and post-NAT assessments overlapped between responders and non-responders. One study reported inability of ADC increase after NAT for distinguishing responders and non-responders. A correlation with histopathological response was reported for pre- and post-NAT ADC in 4 studies. DWI’s diagnostic performance was reported to be high in three studies, with a 91.6–100% sensitivity and 62.5–94.7% specificity. Finally, heterogeneity and high risk of bias were identified across studies, affecting the domains of patient selection, index test, reference standard, and flow and timing.

Conclusion
DWI might be useful for determining response to NAT in pancreatic cancer. However, there are still too few studies on this matter, which are also heterogeneous and at high risk for bias. Further studies with standardized procedures for data acquisition and accurate reference standards are needed.

Clinical relevance statement
Diffusion-weighted MRI might be useful for assessing response to neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer. However, further studies with robust data are needed to provide specific recommendations for clinical practice.

Key Points
•The role of DWI with ADC measurements for assessing response to neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer is still unclear.
•Pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy ADC values overlap between responders and non-responders.
•DWI has a reported high diagnostic performance for determining response when using histopathological or clinical reference standards; however, studies are still few and at high risk for bias.
Assessment of the ileoanal pouch for the colorectal surgeon
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Manzo Carlo Alberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Many pouch complications following ileoanal pouch surgery have an inflammatory or mechanical nature, and specialist colorectal surgeons are required to assess the anatomy of the ileoanal pouch in multiple settings. In this study, we report our stepwise clinical and endoscopic assessment of the patient with an ileoanal pouch.

Methods
The most common configuration of the ileoanal pouch is a J-pouch, and the stapled anastomosis is more frequently performed than a handsewn post-mucosectomy. A structured clinical and endoscopic assessment of the ileoanal pouch must provide information on 7 critical areas: anus and perineum, rectal cuff, pouch anal anastomosis, pouch body, blind end of the pouch, pouch inlet and pre-pouch ileum.

Results
We have developed a structured pro forma for step-wise assessment of the ileoanal pouch, according to 7 essential areas to be evaluated, biopsied and reported. The structured assessment of the ileoanal pouch in 102 patients allowed reporting of abnormal findings in 63 (61.7%). Strictures were diagnosed in 27 patients (26.4%), 3 pouch inlet strictures, 21 pouch anal anastomosis strictures, and 3 pre-pouch ileum strictures. Chronic, recurrent pouchitis was diagnosed in 9 patients, whilst 1 patient had Crohn’s disease of the pouch.

Conclusions
Detailed clinical history, assessment of symptoms and multidisciplinary input are all essential for the care of patients with an ileoanal pouch. We present a comprehensive reporting pro forma for initial clinical assessment of the patient with an ileoanal pouch, with the aim to guide further investigations and inform multidisciplinary decision-making.
Technical outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery versus laparoscopic surgery for rectal tumors: a single-center safety and feasibility study
Authors: Tajima Jesse Y. , Yokoi Ryoma , Kiyama Shigeru , Takahashi Takao , Hayashi Hirokata , Higashi Toshiya , Fukada Masahiro , Asai Ryuichi , Sato Yuta , Yasufuku Itaru , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Okumura Naoki , Murase Katsutoshi , Ishihara Takuma , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Robot-assisted surgery has a multi-joint function, which improves manipulation of the deep pelvic region and contributes significantly to perioperative safety. However, the superiority of robot-assisted surgery to laparoscopic surgery remains controversial. This study compared the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery for rectal tumors.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective study included 273 patients with rectal tumors who underwent surgery with anastomosis between 2017 and 2021. In total, 169 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery (Lap group), and 104 underwent robot-assisted surgery (Robot group). Postoperative complications were compared via propensity score matching based on inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Results
The postoperative complication rates based on the Clavien–Dindo classification (Lap vs. Robot group) were as follows: grade ≥ II, 29.0% vs. 19.2%; grade ≥ III, 10.7% vs. 5.8%; anastomotic leakage (AL), 6.5% vs. 4.8%; and urinary dysfunction (UD), 12.1% vs. 3.8%. After adjusting for the IPTW method, although AL rates did not differ significantly between groups, postoperative complications of both grade ≥ II (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.87, p < 0.01) and grade ≥ III (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.53, p < 0.01) were significantly less frequent in the Robot group than in the Lap group. Furthermore, urinary dysfunction also tended to be less frequent in the Robot group than in the Lap group (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.38–1.00; p = 0.05).

Conclusion
Robot-assisted surgery for rectal tumors provides better short-term outcomes than laparoscopic surgery, supporting its use as a safer approach.