bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3',4'-Dihydroxy Flavonol (DiOHF) Exerting a Positive Effect on Neurogenesis and Retinal Damage in Experimental Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion of Rats
Authors: Cetin Osman , Aladag Tugce , Acar Gozde , Onal Ummugulsum , Baltaci Saltuk Bugra , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Brain ischemia-reperfusion can cause serious and irreversible health problems. Recent
studies have suggested that certain flavonoids may help stabilize the correctly folded structure of the visual
photoreceptor protein rhodopsin and offset the deleterious effect of retinitis pigmentosa mutations.

Objective:
The current study aimed to determine the effect of 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) supplementation
for 1 week on lipid peroxidation in the retina tissue following focal brain ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Methods:
This study was carried out on male Wistar-albino rats. A total of 28 rats were used in the research,
and four groups were formed: Control group: no anesthesia or surgical procedure was applied to the animals in
this group, Sham group: after general anesthesia was established in the animals in this group, the carotid artery
areas were opened and closed, and the 1 ml vehicle was applied for 1 week, Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) group:
after the carotid arteries were isolated in rats under general anesthesia, ischemia was performed by ligating
them for 30 minutes, and then reperfusion was applied for 1 week, and Ischemia-Reperfusion + DiOHF group:
under general anesthesia, ischemia was developed in the carotid arteries of the rats by ligation for 30 minutes,
and then DiOHF was applied along with reperfusion for 1 week. At the end of the study, retinal tissue taken
from animals sacrificed under general anesthesia was analyzed for MDA and GSH. Retinal tissue was also examined
for histology and neurogenesis.

Results:
The highest MDA value was determined in the ischemia group, and the lowest value in the control
and sham groups. In group 4, this parameter was found to be significantly lower than in the I/R group. Retinal
GSH was very low in the I/R group. However, 1-week DiOHF treatment increased the GSH values. Deteriorations
also occurred in the histological structure of the retinal tissue, and neurogenesis was inhibited. However,
treatment improved retinal damage and neurogenesis.

Conclusion:
The results of the current study showed that focal brain ischemia in rats caused significant retinal
lipid peroxidation. However, 1-week DiOHF treatment suppressed the increased lipid peroxidation by increasing
GSH levels. Moreover, treatment improved retinal damage and neurogenesis.
Harmony in Motion: The Role of Exercise in Orchestrating Neuroprotection for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Examined from a Psychological Perspective
Authors: Zhang Dongzi , Khan Munir Ullah , Safir Ullah  
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
According to epidemiological studies, diabetes is more common in patients with AD,
which suggests that diabetes is a significant risk factor for AD. Accelerating brain cell degeneration,
worsening cognitive decline, and increasing susceptibility to AD can be attributed to pathogenic
mechanisms linked to diabetes, such as impaired insulin signaling in the brain, neuroinflammation,
oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and vascular impairment. These factors
can also lead to the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau protein phosphorylation. New research
suggests that certain drugs used to manage diabetes have different levels of effectiveness in
treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease. Exercise has numerous advantages, including the
reduction of neuroinflammation, alleviation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,
improvement of endothelial and cerebrovascular function, stimulation of neurogenesis, and prevention
of pathological changes associated with diabetes-related Alzheimer's disease through
various internal mechanisms. This study examined the development of Alzheimer's disease
(AD) in relation to diabetes, evaluated the ability of specific antidiabetic drugs to prevent and
treat AD, and investigated the impacts and underlying processes of exercise interventions in
improving AD treatment for individuals with diabetes.
Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain Protein 2 is Involved in Th17 Cell
Differentiation by Negatively Regulating Leptin Expression
Authors: Xia Yang , Zhang Xiufeng , Wu Dingjiang 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Among Th lineages from naïve CD4+T cells, Th17 cells
producing IL-17 are strongly related to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. Leptin
is involved in inflammation and immunity. Little is known about MBD2's epigenetic
regulation in CD4+T cell differentiation

Objective:
Our study is intended to delve into the mode by which MBD2 interacts with
Leptin to govern Th17 cell differentiation.

Methods:
CD4+T cells were harvested from the spleen tissue of C57BL/6 mice. Th17
cell differentiation was determined by flow cytometry, and ELISA measured IL-17.
Western blot and RT-qPCR were employed to detect the expression of MBD2, Leptin
and RORγt. CO-IP was utilized to assess the relationship between MBD2 and Leptin

Results:
Under the overexpression or silencing of the MBD2 and Leptin genes, the
differentiation of Th17 cells, IL-17 secretion, and RORγt expression all manifested
positive changes. Leptin expression showed a positive variance upon overexpression
or silencing of the MBD2 gene; however, there was no significant disparity in the
expression of MBD2 under the overexpression or silencing of the Leptin gene. MBD2
can interact directly with Leptin.

Conclusion:
MBD2 is capable of inducing the differentiation of naïve CD4+T cells into
Th17 cells by augmenting the expression of Leptin.
Association of ST2, Galectin-3, and NT- Probnp in Elderly Hypertensive Patients and Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Lin , Yang Fan , Yu Hui , Xiao Fan Kai 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship among serum levels
of the growth-stimulating expressed gene 2 protein (ST2), Galectin-3(GAL-3), N-terminal pro-B-type
natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in elderly hypertensive patients and heart failure with preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-five elderly hypertensive patients with HFpEF were registered as the
HFpEF group, and 46 hypertensive patients without HF were registered as the Non-HF group. The
levels of serum sST2 (soluble ST2), Galectin-3, and NT-proBNP were measured, and related indexes
of heart function were performed with echocardiography in two groups, respectively.The obtained
variables were applied to statistical software for analysis.

Results:
Age, BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-C, HCY, sST2, Galectin-3, NT- proBNP, LVEDD, IVSD,
LVEF, and E/A were obviously different between the two groups (p < 0.05). The levels of sST2, Galectin-
3 and NT- proBNP in the HFpEF group were higher than in the Non-HF group (P < 0.05).
ANOVA results indicated that sST2, Galectin-3, and NT- proBNP levels increased gradually with the
increasing NYHA grades (P<0.05). BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-C, FBG,UA, HCY, LVEDD, IVSD,
LVEF, and E/A were significant differences in patients with different NYHA classes (P < 0.05).
Spearman indicated that sST2, Galectin-3, and NT-proBNP were positively correlated with BMI,
SDP, DBP, LDL-C, FBG, and HCY (P < 0.05). Logistic analysis indicated that BMI, SBP, DBP,
FBG, HCY,sST2, Galectin-3, NT-proBNP, LVEDD, LVEF, and E/A were risk factors for hypertension
with HFpEF. (P < 0.05). ROC indicated that the AUC of the diagnostic performance of sST2,
Galectin-3, and NT-proBNP were all above 0.7, which may have some forecasting value for elderly
hypertensive patients with HFpEF.

Conclusion:
The levels of sST2, Galectin-3, and NT-proBNP were closely related to cardiac function
grades. sST2, Galectin-3, and NT-proBNP have similar diagnostic performance and predictive value
for elderly hypertensive patients with HFpEF. sST2 was more sensitive than NT-proBNP. It is recommended
that measurements of sST2, Galectin-3 and NT-proBNP levels in elderly hypertensive
patients may be useful in classifying early HFpEF.
Pyridine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review of Their Potential as Anti-Diabetic Agents
Authors: Dua Deepak , Kumar Prakash , Anand Riya , Sood Salvi , Singh Gurdeep 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Diabetes mellitus and obesity are two of the most frequent health conditions
in the world, prompting medical researchers to seek novel effective treatments. According to
World Health Organization (WHO) regulations and several research studies, diabetes is regarded as
a significant and leading health concern worldwide. The search for efficient and safe antidiabetic
drugs has led to the study of pyridine derivatives, a family of molecules with a wide range of pharmacological
characteristics. Pyridines are important heterocyclic chemicals renowned for their
various pharmacological properties.

Methods:
Materials were compiled using the three databases of ScienceDirect, PubMed, and
Google Scholar. For this study, only English-language publications have been evaluated based on
their titles, abstracts, and full texts using keywords like diabetes, pyridine Derivatives, α-
glucosidase inhibitors, and α-amylase inhibitors.

Results:
Pyridine and its derivatives have received a lot of attention due to their wide range of potential
uses in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Structural alterations and optimization efforts
have resulted in higher effectiveness, selectivity, and safety characteristics. These discoveries
highlight the importance of pyridine analogues as a novel class of therapeutic agents for diabetes
management.

Conclusion:
The review highlights the significance of pyridine analogues in the development of
antidiabetic treatments, opening new avenues for developing drugs and clinical use. The ongoing
advancements in the discovery of pyridine derivatives underscore their potential as prospective
agents in diabetic treatments.
Comparative Analysis of Essential Oil Composition in Pinus sylvestris, Leucadendron argenteum, Impatiens balsamina and Abies sibirica
Authors: Gopinath Arun , Yadav Sangilimuthu Alagar 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Essential oil components play an important role in food flavoring industries
and chemical industries. Essential oil from Pinus sylvestris (pine oil, scotch pine oil, Turpentine Oil),
Leucadendron argenteum (silver fir needle oil), Impatiens balsamina (balsam fir needle oil), and
Abies sibirica (siberianfirn needle oil) contains numerous active ingredients that help to develop drug
preparation.

Objective:
To compare the phytoconstituents present in the essential oil of Pinus sylvestris (wood,
cone, needle), Leucadendron argenteum (needle), Impatiens balsamina (needle) and Abies sibirica
(needle).

Methods:
This study concentrates on analyzing the natural flavor in six essential oils of Pinus
sylvestris (wood, cone, needle), Leucadendron argenteum (needle), Impatiens balsamina (needle),
and Abies sibirica (needle) subjected to gas chromatography analysis with the condition of 40ºC for
2 min, 40ºC to 180ºC @ rate 15 ºC; 180ºC to 230ºC at 10ºC/min and final hold at 230ºC for 2 min.
AFID detector was used.

Results:
The results showed the presence of several organic flavoring compounds, especially
terpenes and terpenoids. Alpha pinene are the major flavoring molecules present in all the selected
oils with a higher percentage. Alpha pinene (60.25 % and 50.37 %) was found to be highest in
turpentine and scotch pine oils respectively. Alpha terpineol (51.73 %), limonene (34.33%), betapinene
(36.12 %), and bornyl acetate (35.94 %) were found higher levels in Pinus sylvestris,
Leucadendron argenteum, Impatiens balsamina and Abies sibirica respectively. Alpha-pinene, betapinene,
alpha terpineol, beta phellandrene, alphafenchene, borneol, limonene, camphene, bornyl
acetate, myrcene, and delta 3 carene are the most common phytocompounds found in the essential
oils.

Conclusion:
Alpha pinene, beta pinene, and limonene were present in all four plants Pinus sylvestris,
Leucadendron argenteum, Impatiens balsamina and Abies sibirica and also utilized in aromatherapy
and the perfume industry.

conclusion:
Alpha pinene, beta pinene and limonene were present in all four plants Pinus sylvestris, Leucadendron argenteum, Impatiens balsamina and Abies sibirica and also utilized in aromatherapy and in perfume industry.
Introduction to Memristive Mechanisms and Models
Authors: Cipollini Davide , Schomaker Lambert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
The increase in computational power demand led by the development of Artificial Intelligence
is rapidly becoming unsustainable. New paradigms of computation, which potentially differ from
digital computation, together with novel hardware architecture and devices, are anticipated to reduce
the exorbitant energy demand for data-processing tasks. Memristive systems with resistive switching
behavior are under intense research, given their prominent role in the fabrication of memory devices
that promise the desired hardware revolution in our intensive data-driven era. They are suggested to
provide the hardware substrate to scale up computational capabilities while improving their energy
expenditure and speed. This work provides an orientation map for those interested in the vast topic
of memristive systems with application to neuromorphic computing. We address the description of
the most notable emerging devices and we illustrate models that capture the complex dynamical behavior
of these systems under the dynamical-systems framework developed by Chua. We then review
the memristive behavior under the perspective of statistical physics and percolation theory
suited to describe fluctuations and disorder which are otherwise precluded in the dynamical-system
approach. Percolation theory allows the investigation of these systems at the mesoscopic level, enabling
material-independent modeling of non-linear conductance networks. We finally discuss recent
and less recent successes in deep learning methods that bridge the field of physics-based and biological-
inspired neuromorphic computing.
Nanoemulsion: A Promising Nanotechnology Tool to Achieve the Unmet Oral Bioavailability Enhancement Needs
Authors: Panwar Jonee , Ekbbal Rustam , Ali Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Low oral permeability and low aqueous solubility are considered significant
obstacles in achieving systemic therapeutic concentration to show optimum pharmacological
response. Pharmaceutical scientists endeavored to overcome the above-stated problem after utilizing
various approaches like salt formation, pro-drugs, co-solvency, complexation, solubilization,
pH adjustment, sold dispersion, hydrotrophy, and nanotechnology-based techniques.

Objective:
Among these approaches, nanotechnology-based drug carrier systems have been investigated
to address the challenges of the drugs exhibiting poor oral absorption. Essentially, these
systems have the potential to overcome the limitations associated with the oral route of drug administration.
Among various nano-technological tools, nanoemulsion plays an important role in
the bioavailability enhancement of biopharmaceutical classification system Class II, and Class IV
drugs, in general and, Class III, in particular.

Method:
A nanoemulsion is a colloidal system with a size in nanometers, an increased fraction of
the dispersed phase, and intensified transparency. Either water is dispersed in oil (w/o type) or oil
is dispersed in water (o/w type), and it has a longer shelf life.

Results:
Nanoemulsion is being utilized as an important drug carrier for bioavailability enhancement;
however, it poses some challenges, such as clinical translation, large-scale manufacturing,
and regulatory guidelines.

Conclusion:
The current review aims to compile and discuss the problems faced in the delivery of
drugs exhibiting poor oral absorption, challenges faced in oral drug delivery, oral absorption enhancement
techniques, mechanism of oral uptake using nanoemulsion, various modifications of nanoemulsion,
clinical status, large-scale manufacturing, regulatory status, and new prospects in the
future.
Prevention of Chemotherapy-related Oral Mucositis by Topical Timolol:
A Prospective Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical
Trial in Cancer Patients
Authors: Saghafi Fatemeh , Shaker-Ardakani Fatemeh , Nabi-Meybodi Mohsen , Vahedian-Ardakani Hassan-Ali , Sahebnasagh Adeleh 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Timolol is a beta-adrenergic blocker that has been shown to be effective
in the healing of wounds. Oral mucositis (OM), an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa, is a
bothersome side effect of some regimens of chemotherapy in which the oral mucosa becomes ulcerated. The current study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effects of timolol mouthwash in preventing OM in adult patients receiving chemotherapy compared to the placebo

Method:
This randomized, double-blind trial was conducted on 30 adult patients receiving chemotherapy regimen, including doxorubicin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either timolol 0.5% (w/v) (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) mouthwash 5 ml three times per day. The outcomes of the study were the intensity of OM evaluated by
the World Health Organization (WHO) mucositis scale and OM-related pain based on the Visual
Analog Scale (VAS) weekly during the seven weeks of the study period.

Results:
The results of the study showed that the scores of WHO mucositis scale significantly decreased in the timolol group compared to the control group during the study [week 1: mean (SD),
0.02 (0.41) in the timolol group, and 0.67 (0.48) in the control group; week 7: mean (SD), 0.33
(0.61) in the timolol group, and 0.87 (0.74) in the control group; P-value = 0.049]. Moreover, the
mean pain scores significantly decreased in the first, second, and third weeks in the timolol group
compared to the control group (P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The results of this preliminary clinical trial demonstrated that among the patients receiving doxorubicin or 5-FU chemotherapy regimens, the preventive use of timolol mouthwash
significantly diminished the severity of OM compared to the control group during the seven
weeks of follow-up. The severity of pain was also significantly lower during the first three weeks
of the study; however, the effect size was less than the minimal clinically important difference.
Further studies are required to assess both the long-term efficacy and safety of timolol mouthwash
in preventing OM.
Performance of an Electronic Health Record–Based Automated Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index Score Calculator: Cohort Study in the Emergency Department
Authors: Joyce Elizabeth , McMullen James , Kong Xiaowen , O'Hare Connor , Gavrila Valerie , Cuttitta Anthony , Barnes Geoffrey D , Greineder Colin F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Studies suggest that less than 4% of patients with pulmonary embolisms (PEs) are managed in the outpatient setting. Strong evidence and multiple guidelines support the use of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) for the identification of acute PE patients appropriate for outpatient management. However, calculating the PESI score can be inconvenient in a busy emergency department (ED). To facilitate integration into ED workflow, we created a 2023 Epic-compatible clinical decision support tool that automatically calculates the PESI score in real-time with patients’ electronic health data (ePESI [Electronic Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index]).

Objective
The primary objectives of this study were to determine the overall accuracy of ePESI and its ability to correctly distinguish high- and low-risk PESI scores within the Epic 2023 software. The secondary objective was to identify variables that impact ePESI accuracy.

Methods
We collected ePESI scores on 500 consecutive patients at least 18 years old who underwent a computerized tomography-pulmonary embolism scan in the ED of our tertiary, academic health center between January 3 and February 15, 2023. We compared ePESI results to a PESI score calculated by 2 independent, medically-trained abstractors blinded to the ePESI and each other’s results. ePESI accuracy was calculated with binomial test. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression.

Results
Of the 500 patients, a total of 203 (40.6%) and 297 (59.4%) patients had low- and high-risk PESI scores, respectively. The ePESI exactly matched the calculated PESI in 394 out of 500 cases, with an accuracy of 78.8% (95% CI 74.9%‐82.3%), and correctly identified low- versus high-risk in 477 out of 500 (95.4%) cases. The accuracy of the ePESI was higher for low-risk scores (OR 2.96, P<.001) and lower when patients were without prior encounters in the health system (OR 0.42, P=.008).

Conclusions
In this single-center study, the ePESI was highly accurate in discriminating between low- and high-risk scores. The clinical decision support should facilitate real-time identification of patients who may be candidates for outpatient PE management.
Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study
Authors: Rowley Elizabeth AK , Mitchell Patrick K , Yang Duck-Hye , Lewis Ned , Dixon Brian E , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Fadel William F , Essien Inih J , Naleway Allison L , Stenehjem Edward , Ong Toan C , Gaglani Manjusha , Natarajan Karthik , Embi Peter , Wiegand Ryan E , Link-Gelles Ruth , Tenforde Mark W , Fireman Bruce 
Published: January 2025

Background
Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises when morbidities and demographics are associated with vaccination and the risk of outcome events. Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial.

Objective
This simulation study aimed to investigate alternative methods to adjust for confounding in VE studies that have a test-negative design.

Methods
Adjustment for a disease risk score (DRS) is compared with multivariable logistic regression. Both stratification on the DRS and direct covariate adjustment of the DRS are examined. Multivariable logistic regression with all the covariates and with a limited subset of key covariates is considered. The performance of VE estimators is evaluated across a multinomial vaccination exposure in simulated datasets.

Results
Bias in VE estimates from multivariable models ranged from –5.3% to 6.1% across 4 levels of vaccination. Standard errors of VE estimates were unbiased, and 95% coverage probabilities were attained in most scenarios. The lowest coverage in the multivariable scenarios was 93.7% (95% CI 92.2%-95.2%) and occurred in the multivariable model with key covariates, while the highest coverage in the multivariable scenarios was 95.3% (95% CI 94.0%-96.6%) and occurred in the multivariable model with all covariates. Bias in VE estimates from DRS-adjusted models was low, ranging from –2.2% to 4.2%. However, the DRS-adjusted models underestimated the standard errors of VE estimates, with coverage sometimes below the 95% level. The lowest coverage in the DRS scenarios was 87.8% (95% CI 85.8%-89.8%) and occurred in the direct adjustment for the DRS model. The highest coverage in the DRS scenarios was 94.8% (95% CI 93.4%-96.2%) and occurred in the model that stratified on DRS. Although variation in the performance of VE estimates occurred across modeling strategies, variation in performance was also present across exposure groups.

Conclusions
Overall, models using a DRS to adjust for confounding performed adequately but not as well as the multivariable models that adjusted for covariates individually.