bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric analysis of dendritic remodeling in an identified motoneuron during postembryonic development
Authors: Libersat Frederic , Duch Carsten 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA detailed quantitative description of modifications in neuronal architecture is an important prerequisite to investigate the signals underlying behaviorally relevant changes in neuronal shape. Extensive morphological remodeling of neurons occurs during the metamorphosis of holometabolous insects, such as Manduca sexta, in which new adult behaviors develop postembryonically. In this study, a morphometric analysis of the structural changes of an identified Manduca motoneuron, MN5, was conducted by sampling its metric parameters at different developmental stages. The remodeling of MN5 is divided into three main phases. The regression of most larval dendrites (1) is followed by the formation of dendritic growth‐cones (2), and subsequently, adult dendrite formation (3). In contrast, the cell body and link segment surface increase during dendritic regression and regrowth, indicating that different cell compartments receive different signals, or respond differently to the same signal. During dendritic growth‐cone formation, the growth of the cell body and the link segment are arrested. Sholl and branch frequency analysis suggest two different modes of dendritic growth. During a first growth‐cone‐dependent phase, new branch formation occurs at all dendrites. The maximum path length of the major dendritic tree changes little, whereas branch order increases from 20 to 45. Changes in total dendritic length are correlated with strong changes in the number of nodes but with minor changes in the average dendritic segment length, indicating a mode of growth similar to that induced by steroid hormone application to cultured motoneurons. The second phase is growth‐cone‐independent, and branching is limited to high order dendrites. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:153–166, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Torsion of orthotropic bars with L‐shaped or cruciform cross‐section
Authors: Chen Y. Z. , Lee Kang Yong 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor an orthotropic torsion bar with L‐shaped or cruciform cross‐section, the studied torsion problem can be reduced to a boundary value problem of elliptic partial differential equation. The studied region is separated into several rectangular sub‐regions, and the series solution is suggested to solve the problem for the individual sub‐region. By using the continuation condition for the functions on the neighbouring sub‐regions, the investigated solution is obtainable. Finally, numerical results for the torsion rigidities of bars are given to demonstrate the influence of the degree of orthotropy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The buckling mode extracted from the LDLT‐decomposed large‐order stiffness matrix
Authors: Fujii Fumio , Noguchi Hirohisa 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present study proposes an innovated eigenanalysis‐free idea to extract the buckling mode only from the LDLT‐decomposed stiffness matrix in large‐scale bifurcation analysis. The computational cost for extracting the critical eigenvector is negligible, because the decomposition of the stiffness matrix will continually be repeated during path‐tracing to solve the stiffness equations. A numerical example is computed to illustrate that the proposed idea is tough enough even for multiple bifurcation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison between new adaptive remeshing strategies based on point wise stress error estimation and energy norm error estimation
Authors: Bugeda G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTraditionally, the most commonly used mesh adaptive strategies for linear elastic problems are based on the use of an energy norm for the measurement of the error, and a mesh refinement strategy based on the equal distribution of the error between all the elements. However, little attention has been paid to the study of alternative error norms and alternative refinement strategies. This paper studies the feasibility of using alternative mesh refinement strategies based on

— the use of the classical error energy norm and an optimality criterion based on the equal distribution of the density of error,
— the use of alternative error norms based on measurements of the point wise error contained in the main magnitudes that control the equilibrium problem and/or the material constitutive equations such as the stresses (e.g. the Von Mises stress).

The feasibility of using all the described strategies is demonstrated through the solution of a benchmark example. This example is also used for comparison between the described refinement criteria. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of mould filling processes with a moving Lagrangian interface technique
Authors: Cruchaga Marcela , Celentano Diego , Tezduyar Tayfun 
Published: September 2002

AbstractComputation of non‐isothermal flow problems involving moving interfaces is presented. A Lagrangian interface technique, defined in the context of a fixed‐mesh finite element formulation for incompressible flows, is employed to update the interface position. A global mass‐corrector algorithm is used to accurately enforce the global mass conservation. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved with an improved sub‐element integration technique to more accurately account for sudden changes in the fluid properties across the interface. The method described is applied to two mould filling problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incompressible Navier–Stokes computations with stable and stabilized space–time formulations: a comparative study
Authors: N'dri Donatien , Garon André , Fortin André 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe behaviour and accuracy of the stable mixed space–time finite element methods for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a two‐dimensional bounded domain are investigated in this work. The mixed method is based on the recently developed space–time mini element, which consists of piecewise linear functions for the pressure and of piecewise linear functions enriched with a bubble function for the velocity. This element is stable in the sense that the underlying pair of discrete spaces for velocity and pressure satisfies the so‐called ‘inf–sup’ condition. We assess the behaviour and accuracy of the underlying mixed approximation when compared with the stabilized Galerkin/least‐squares space–time method for some two‐dimensional problems. Both methods are based on the time‐discontinuous Galerkin method with the use of simplex‐type meshes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An examination of LES filtering within the finite element method
Authors: Kollmann W. , McCallen R. C. , Leone J. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe finite element method (FEM), in combination with large‐eddy simulation (LES) techniques, is considered for the study of incompressible turbulent flows. The combination of these methodologies brings together the advantages of each: LES provides a high degree of accuracy with a minimum of empiricism for turbulence modelling, and FEM provides a robust way to simulate flow in very complex domains. It is shown that the LES filtering operator and filter width can be independently chosen with FEM just as with spectral methods because, even though FEM is grid based, it is also a method that provides an unambiguous solution everywhere by employing global basis functions. The assumption that the LES filtering operator commutes with differentiation is shown to be valid with the FEM approach. It is also shown that the error introduced by non‐uniform filtering is small so long as the filter width changes smoothly. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPF/JA: extensions of High Performance Fortran for accelerating real‐world applications
Authors: Seo Yoshiki , Iwashita Hidetoshi , Ohta Hiroshi , Sakagami Hitoshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a set of extensions on High Performance Fortran (HPF) to make it more usable for parallelizing real‐world production codes. HPF has been effective for programs that a compiler can automatically optimize efficiently. However, once the compiler cannot, there have been no ways for the users to explicitly parallelize or optimize their programs. In order to resolve the situation, we have developed a set of HPF extensions (HPF/JA) to give the users more control over sophisticated parallelization and communication optimizations. They include parallelization of loops with complicated reductions, asynchronous communication, user‐controllable shadow, and communication pattern reuse for irregular remote data accesses. Preliminary experiments have proved that the extensions are effective at increasing HPF's usability. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing blood pressure reduction: predicting success in the home environment
Authors: Craig A. R. , Bartrop R. , Lal S. K. L. , Henderson R. J. , Hart M. , Hunyor S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTransferring skills to non‐clinic contexts remains a challenge for clinical psychologists. Research is needed that investigates strategies of transferring clinic skills as well as factors that are associated with successful transfer. This paper presents research that involved training clients to reduce blood pressure (BP) in the home environment and isolating factors related to successful BP reduction. Subjects diagnosed with mild hypertension participated in a controlled trial investigating the efficacy of continuous BP feedback in helping to reduce systolic BP in the clinic and home environment. While the benefits of learning BP feedback in the clinic was not shown to be beneficial over a control, training in the home environment was shown to reduce BP significantly in comparison to controls. Factors shown to be associated consistently and reliably with reduction of BP in the home were those that involved beliefs or expectations of self‐control. Expectations (self‐efficacy) and an internal locus of control consistently predicted the ability to reduce both systolic and diastolic BP in the home environment. Implications for the behavioural treatment of hypertension are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is interpersonal psychotherapy in group format a therapeutic option in late‐life depression?
Authors: Scocco Paolo , De Leo Diego , Frank Ellen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIndividual interpersonal psychotherapy, alone or in combination with pharmacological therapy, has proved effective in the treatment of late‐life depression. In this paper we present an application of interpersonal psychotherapy in a group format (IPT‐G) to treat depressed elderly patients and describe how this individual therapy was adapted to a group setting. The group format seems to lend itself to the interpersonal approach and provides some advantages over the individual setting. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrusions and inferences in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: O'Connor Kieron 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article compares two models about the nature of obsessional intrusions: one, that they are just ‘normal thoughts’ whose obsessional significance derives from their appraisal; the other, that they are specific inferences about thoughts and things, which form conditional premises and are part of the obsessional reasoning. Support for the first model comes from questionnaire studies showing that the content of obsessional intrusions is similar or even identical to intrusions in non‐obsessional people. Also there is growing clinical evidence that addressing the appraisals made about the intrusions rather than the content of the intrusions alleviates OCD symptoms. However, regarding the second model, intrusions tend to be thematic; they do explicitly take the form of an ‘inference’ (X may occur) whose development can be traced to inductive logic; ‘intrusions’ can be modified by changing inference processes, and such modification alone can reduce OCD‐related anxiety. It is proposed that both primary inference and secondary appraisal may form two separate parts of the same evaluative sequence, and both should be targeted in treatment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transmission of MPEG‐2 VBR video under usage parameter control
Authors: Lou Wenjing , Chia Liang Tien , Lee Bu Sung , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the transmission of MPEG‐2 VBR video over ATM network under usage parameter control. The idea is to seek a compromise between the network utilization and the quality of video service by applying UPC‐based rate control strategies to the video source. A modified leaky bucket algorithm is proposed to calculate the constraints on the bit‐rate guaranteeing conformance to peak cell rate, sustainable cell rate and burst tolerance usage parameters. Two rate control strategies, one for real‐time generated video coding and the other for pre‐compressed video, are proposed for MPEG‐2 VBR video. The rate control strategies control the video source to generate traffic conforming to the constraints on the bit rate. The experimental results show that both the UPC‐based rate control strategies can provide lossless transmission from the source perspective as well as to reduce the burstiness of the traffic. To keep within the bit‐rate allowed, the control method uses coarser quantization to maintain better picture quality than that by removing the number of AC transformed coefficients. The slight degradation of picture quality caused by the source rate control is preferable than the severe drop of picture quality caused by the cell loss at UPC. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monoamine oxidase inhibition and neuroprotection by N1‐propargylphenelzine
Authors: Sloley B. Duff , Urichuk Liana J. , Lei Ling , Coutts Ronald T. , Baker Glen B. , Shan Jaqueline J. , Pang Peter K.T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe ability of N1‐propargylphenelzine and related N1‐propargylhydrazines to inhibit monoamine oxidase‐A (MAO‐A) and ‐B (MAO‐B) and to prevent N‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐N‐ethyl‐2‐bromobenzylamine (DSP‐4)‐induced noradrenergic neurotoxicity was examined. N1‐Propargylphenelzine strongly inhibited MAO‐A and MAO‐B in in vitro assays using rat brain or liver as the enzyme source. In ex vivo studies in rats, both intraperitoneal and oral administration of N1‐propargylphenelzine strongly inhibited brain and liver MAO‐A and MAO‐B. The extent of ex vivo MAO inhibition and increased levels of noradrenaline and 5‐hydroxytryptamine by N1‐propargylphenelzine was comparable to that of phenelzine. Unlike phenelzine, however, N1‐propargylphenelzine did not elevate γ‐aminobutryic acid (GABA) concentrations in rat brain. A single intraperitoneal administration of N1‐propargylphenelzine to mice, 1 week prior to sacrifice, reduced DSP‐4‐induced depletion of noradrenaline in the hippocampus. The brains of N1‐propargylphenelzine‐treated mice from the DSP‐4 neurotoxicity experiments had normal MAO‐B activity, but MAO‐A was significantly inhibited; this was in contrast to animals that had received (–)‐deprenyl, who showed normal MAO‐A activity but a decrease of MAO‐B. The present results indicate that N1‐propargylphenelzine may be a useful neuroprotective compound with a long‐term in vivo propensity to inhibit MAO‐A. Drug Dev. Res. 53:15–21, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Claudin‐6: A novel tight junction molecule is developmentally regulated in mouse embryonic epithelium
Authors: Turksen Kursad , Troy Tammy‐Claire 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells differentiating into embryoid bodies (EBs) have been shown to mimic events of very early development and have become a convenient system in which to identify and study early epithelial specific genes. We describe here the primary structure of a mouse epithelial‐specific tight junction gene and its expression patterns in differentiating ES cell‐derived EBs in vitro. Sequencing of a clone identified by differential display of 4‐ vs. 6‐day‐old EB cells revealed it to overlap exactly with a larger cDNA clone (20M24) that had been isolated, but not characterised, in a screen of an ectodermal library. Complete sequencing and analysis of 20M24 revealed an open reading frame for a 219‐amino acid protein with structural features of a transmembrane protein. In cell‐free reticulocyte lysates, a 20M24 cDNA corresponding to the open reading frame (660 bp) directed the synthesis of a ∼23‐kDa protein that was localized to cell membranes at cell–cell junctions in transfected HEK‐293 cells. Database searches indicated that the cDNA was identical to a recently identified member of the Claudin tight junction family, namely Claudin‐6. ES cell cultures were used to further examine the expression pattern of Claudin‐6 by whole mount in situ hybridisation during aggregation‐induced commitment to epithelial differentiation in vitro. The results indicate that Claudin‐6 is one of the earliest molecules to be expressed in ES cells committed to the epithelial fate, and the onset of its expression coincides with the expression of the early epithelial marker, keratin 8 (K8). The initiation of expression of Claudin‐6 in vitro is dependent upon plating density as well as serum components. In addition, it was found that Claudin‐6 expression is inhibited by Noggin, the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP)‐signalling pathway inhibitor, suggesting that BMPs may be involved in Claudin‐6 expression and epithelialization. These studies establish Claudin‐6 as a very early marker of epithelialization and provide evidence that the BMP signalling pathway may be one of the ways that its expression is regulated. These studies also support the power of in vitro ES cell technology to identify and screen novel molecules involved in the early epithelialization of the mouse embryo. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted disruption of Col11a2 produces a mild cartilage phenotype in transgenic mice: Comparison with the human disorder otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED)
Authors: Li Shi‐Wu , Takanosu Masamine , Arita Machiko , Bao Yunhua , Ren Zhao‐Xia , Maier Alfred , Prockop Darwin J. , Mayne Richard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTransgenic mice were prepared by homologous recombination with a Col11a2 targeting gene in which an inverted neomycin‐resistant gene was inserted between restriction sites in exons 27 and 28. The targeted allele was transcribed in shortened mRNAs, which could be detected by Northern blotting. However, translation of the full‐length Col11a2 chain was unable to occur because of the presence of premature termination codons within the inverted neomycin‐resistant gene. Analysis of pepsin‐resistant collagen chains from rib cartilage of homozygous mice demonstrated the lack of synthesis of intact α2(XI) chains. However, pepsin‐resistant collagen chains of either α1(XI) or α1(V) were still detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Therefore, α2(XI) chains are not essential for the assembly of some molecular forms of triple‐helical type V/XI collagen. The phenotype was milder than in the cho/cho mouse in which, as the result of mutation, translation of the full‐length α1(XI) chain fails to occur and the mice die at birth (Li et al., 1995). Homozygous mice without expression of an α2(XI) chain had a smaller body size, receding snouts, and deafness. Nasal bones in the homozygous transgenic mice were specifically shorter and dimpled on their external surfaces. Chondrocytes in growth plates of all long bones were markedly disorganized and failed to align in columns. Analysis of growth plates from transgenic mice by in situ hybridization showed expression of α1(II) and α1(XI) but not of α1(I) or α1(V) which, in contrast, were expressed in the developing bone and in the bone collar. Expression of α1(X) specifically in the hypertrophic cartilage was observed in normal and transgenic mice. No obvious osteoarthritis was observed throughout the life of homozygous mice up to 1 year of age, although minor morphologic anomalies in the articular cartilages were discernible. The mild phenotype is consistent with similar mutations in the COL11A2 gene seen in patients with nonocular Stickler syndrome and some patients with otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED), as well as in patients with a nonsyndromic form of deafness called DFNA13. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional and spatiotemporal regulation of prolactin receptor mRNA and cooperativity with progesterone receptor function during ductal branch growth in the mammary gland
Authors: Hovey Russell C. , Trott Josephine F. , Ginsburg Erika , Goldhar Anita , Sasaki Mark M. , Fountain Steven J. , Sundararajan Kripa , Vonderhaar Barbara K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDuctal branching within the mammary gland is stimulated by prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (P) acting through their receptors (PRLR and PR). Analysis of mammary gland PRLR expression revealed increasing expression of the long form (L‐PRLR) and two of the three short forms (S1‐ and S3‐PRLR) during puberty that became maximal late in pubescence and early gestation, then declined during gestation. By contrast, S2‐PRLR mRNA levels remained constant. Examination of stromal PRLR revealed the consistent expression of L‐PRLR mRNA. By contrast, S1‐PRLR was present only in the mammary fat pad of neonates, whereas high neonatal expression of S2‐PRLR became undetectable during puberty. Stromal expression of S3‐PRLR decreased to low levels during puberty and was undetectable during lactation and involution. Exogenous PRL stimulated DNA synthesis in both epithelial and adjacent stromal cells in vivo. Distribution of PRLR mRNA in mammary epithelium was homogeneous before puberty and heterogeneous during puberty, gestation, and early lactation. A mutual role for PRLR and PR was suggested wherein PR mRNA increased beyond 6 weeks to maximal levels during puberty and gestation then became undetectable during lactation. In situ hybridization revealed that PR mRNA distribution is homogeneous in the ductal epithelium before 6 weeks and heterogenous during puberty and gestation and that PRLR and PR are similarly distributed in the ductal epithelium. Neither hormone stimulated DNA synthesis in mammary glands of ovariectomized females while their effects interacted markedly. These results demonstrate differential PRLR transcription by epithelial and stromal cells and a similar distribution of PRLR and PR that may facilitate the interaction between P and PRL during ductal branching in the mammary gland. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.