bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decisive conservation action in areas beyond national jurisdiction is urgently required for seabird recovery in the face of global change
Authors: Gee Moses F. , Kenup Caio F. , Debski Igor , Macdonald Alexandra , Taylor Graeme A. , Clarke Rohan H. , Canessa Stefano , Ewen John G. , Fischer Johannes H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAreas beyond national jurisdiction, or the high seas, are vital to life on Earth. However, the conservation of these areas, for example, through area‐based management tools (ABMTs), is challenging, particularly when accounting for global change. Using decision science, integrated population models, and a Critically Endangered seabird (Kuaka; Pelecanoides whenuahouensis) as a case study, we evaluated potential ABMTs in the high seas under global change and different governance structures, while accounting for uncertainty and imperfect compliance. Our study highlighted that global change in these areas will likely cause population declines of ∼60% by 2050. However, decisive conservation action could cost‐effectively address predicted declines, particularly when implemented as soon as possible and under the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty. We illustrate how decision science can transparently navigate a complex seascape of management decisions and we advocate for its wider integration in the management of the largest sections of our planet, the high seas.
Regulation of progenitor cell survival by a novel chromatin remodeling factor during neural tube development
Authors: Sasai Noriaki , Tada Shogo , Ohshiro Jumi , Kogiso Chikara , Shinozuka Takuma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring development, progenitor cell survival is essential for proper tissue functions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ERCC6L2, a member of the Snf2 family of helicase‐like proteins, plays an essential role in the survival of developing chick neural cells. ERCC6L2 expression is induced by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling molecule by a mechanism similar to that of the known Shh target genes Ptch1 and Gli1. ERCC6L2 blocks programmed cell death induced by Shh inhibition and this inhibition is independent of neural tube patterning. ERCC6L2 knockdown by siRNA resulted in the aberrant appearance of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, ERCC6L2 cooperates with the Shh signal and plays an essential role in the induction of the anti‐apoptotic factor Bcl‐2. Taken together, ERCC6L2 acts as a key factor in ensuring the survival of neural progenitor cells.
Bacteria associated with carminic acid metabolism in the intestinal tract of three predators of Dactylopius opuntiae
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Susana , Rodríguez‐Leyva Esteban , Aranda‐Ocampo Sergio , Santillán‐Galicia Ma. Teresa , Hernández‐López Antonio , Guzmán‐Franco Ariel W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDactylopius spp. produce carminic acid as part of defence against predation. The average carminic acid concentration varies depending on the species, e.g., for prickly pear cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell), and cochineal, Dactylopius coccus Costa (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), it is 3–5 and 19–25%, respectively. Generalist predators such as Laetilia coccidivora Comstock (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and specialist predators such as Leucopis bellula Williston (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) and Hyperaspis trifurcata Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) require detoxification mechanisms, which could be provided by gut bacteria. We determined the diversity of gut‐associated cultivable bacteria in these three predators and their ability to metabolize carminic acid. The bacteria were identified morphologically and by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In vitro assays were done to determine their ability to metabolize carminic acid. The greatest culturable bacterial diversity was found in L. coccidivora larvae and H. trifurcata adults, followed by H. trifurcata larvae. The lowest diversity was found in L. bellula larvae. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of Bacillus cereus Frankland & Frankland, Enterococcus gallinarum (Bridge & Sneath) Collins et al., and Enterococcus casseliflavus Collins et al. in L. coccidivora larvae, Enterobacter spec. in larvae of H. trifurcata, Lactococcus lactis (Lister) Schleifer in adults of H. trifurcata, and Staphylococcus spec. in larvae and adults of H. trifurcata. Bacillus pumilus Meyer & Gottheil was only found in L. bellula larvae. In vitro assays showed that all isolates evaluated could metabolize carminic acid, suggesting they play an important role in the predators' ability to metabolize carminic acid. Presence of E. gallinarum, which had the most efficient metabolism of carminic acid, might allow L. coccidivora to feed on the two Dactylopius species regardless of carminic acid concentration.
First report of Phytophthora macrochlamydospora associated with tree decline in Pinus taeda in Brazil
Authors: Brumat Ana Carolina Lyra , Auer Celso Garcia , Tessmann Dauri José , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , dos Santos Álvaro Figueredo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2019, 18‐year‐old Pinus taeda trees with symptoms of chlorosis in the aerial part, shortening of needles and reduced plant growth, ultimately leading to tree decline, were found in plantations in southern Brazil. When collecting roots, a reduction in the volume of fine roots in trees and absence of ectomycorrhiza was observed. An oomycete was isolated from the roots and soil of the rhizosphere, and its pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch's postulates. The morphological characteristics of this oomycete were similar to the Phytophthora macrochlamydospora, which was confirmed by the molecular characterization from three gene regions (ITS‐rDNA, COX I and TEF1α). This is the first report of P. macrochlamydospora associated with tree decline in P. taeda in Brazil and worldwide.
Synergy between vegetation patterns and sedimentation has a temporal effect on water erosion in a slope‐gully system
Authors: Bai Lulu , Shi Peng , Wang Wen , Li Zhanbin , Li Peng , Niu Hongbo , Zu Pengju , Cao Manhong , Jia Yili 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultiple soil and water conservation measures applied together perform better at reducing runoff and sedimentation than individual measures, which can be attributed to their synergistic effects on water erosion. However, whether these synergistic effects are always effective at reducing water erosion remains unclear. In this study, a series of physical models representing a slope‐gully system were tested to quantify the trend of synergistic effects of multi‐measure over time through simulated rainfall. The tested scenarios included four vegetation patterns on the slope—Pattern A: no grass, Pattern B: grass on the up‐slope, Pattern C: grass on the middle‐slope and Pattern D: grass on the down‐slope—and five levels of runoff path length decrease (RPLD) in the gully caused by sedimentation of a check dam (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 m). Synergistic effects on runoff and sediment yields were influenced by vegetation patterns and RPLDs. Under the same vegetation patterns, synergistic effects increased with increase of RPLD. Under the same RPLD, the mean value of synergistic effects on runoff was in the following order: Pattern D (0.10%) > Pattern C (0.09%) > Pattern B (0.06%), and synergistic effects on sediment yields had a similar order: Pattern D (0.60%) > Pattern C (0.42%) > Pattern B (0.22%). Under Pattern B, based on the Mann–Kendall trend test, the synergistic effects on the runoff yields decreased over time. Contrastingly, under Patterns C and D, the synergistic effects on the runoff yields increased over time. The results show that the synergistic effect has time effect, and its change trend is related to vegetation patterns. Additionally, the results suggest that the middle‐ and lower‐slopes should be prioritized when restoring vegetation as the synergistic effects on runoff tend to increase when these have good vegetation cover.
Long‐term physical and psychiatric morbidities and mortality of untreated, deferred, and immediately treated epilepsy
Authors: Ren Tianrui , Li Yingtong , Burgess Michael , Sharma Sameer , Rychkova Maria , Dunne John , Lee Judy , Laloyaux Cédric , Lawn Nicholas , Kwan Patrick , Chen Zhibin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn Australia, 30% of newly diagnosed epilepsy patients were not immediately treated at diagnosis. We explored health outcomes between patients receiving immediate, deferred, or no treatment, and compared them to the general population.MethodsAdults with newly diagnosed epilepsy in Western Australia between 1999 and 2016 were linked with statewide health care data collections. Health care utilization, comorbidity, and mortality at up to 10 years postdiagnosis were compared between patients receiving immediate, deferred, and no treatment, as well as with age‐ and sex‐matched population controls.ResultsOf 603 epilepsy patients (61% male, median age = 40 years) were included, 422 (70%) were treated immediately at diagnosis, 110 (18%) received deferred treatment, and 71 (12%) were untreated at the end of follow‐up (median = 6.8 years). Immediately treated patients had a higher 10‐year rate of all‐cause admissions or emergency department presentations than the untreated (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–2.9) and deferred treatment groups (IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8). They had similar 10‐year risks of mortality and developing new physical and psychiatric comorbidities compared with the deferred and untreated groups. Compared to population controls, epilepsy patients had higher 10‐year mortality (hazard ratio = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.1–3.3), hospital admissions (IRR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.6–3.3), and psychiatric outpatient visits (IRR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.6–6.3). Patients with epilepsy were also 2.5 (95% CI = 2.1–3.1) and 3.9 (95% CI = 2.6–5.8) times more likely to develop a new physical and psychiatric comorbidity, respectively.SignificanceNewly diagnosed epilepsy patients with deferred or no treatment did not have worse outcomes than those immediately treated. Instead, immediately treated patients had greater health care utilization, likely reflecting more severe underlying epilepsy etiology. Our findings emphasize the importance of individualizing epilepsy treatment and recognition and management of the significant comorbidities, particularly psychiatric, that ensue following a diagnosis of epilepsy.
Phenotypic adaptation to temperature in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Dennington Nina L. , Grossman Marissa K. , Ware‐Gilmore Fhallon , Teeple Janet L. , Johnson Leah R. , Shocket Marta S. , McGraw Elizabeth A. , Thomas Matthew B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost models exploring the effects of climate change on mosquito‐borne disease ignore thermal adaptation. However, if local adaptation leads to changes in mosquito thermal responses, “one size fits all” models could fail to capture current variation between populations and future adaptive responses to changes in temperature. Here, we assess phenotypic adaptation to temperature in Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. First, to explore whether there is any difference in existing thermal response of mosquitoes between populations, we used a thermal knockdown assay to examine five populations of Ae. aegypti collected from climatically diverse locations in Mexico, together with a long‐standing laboratory strain. We identified significant phenotypic variation in thermal tolerance between populations. Next, to explore whether such variation can be generated by differences in temperature, we conducted an experimental passage study by establishing six replicate lines from a single field‐derived population of Ae. aegypti from Mexico, maintaining half at 27°C and the other half at 31°C. After 10 generations, we found a significant difference in mosquito performance, with the lines maintained under elevated temperatures showing greater thermal tolerance. Moreover, these differences in thermal tolerance translated to shifts in the thermal performance curves for multiple life‐history traits, leading to differences in overall fitness. Together, these novel findings provide compelling evidence that Ae. aegypti populations can and do differ in thermal response, suggesting that simplified thermal performance models might be insufficient for predicting the effects of climate on vector‐borne disease transmission.
Parameters of nitrogen use efficiency of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars at different N levels under deficit irrigation
Authors: Zhu Huisen , Guo Peng , Li Deying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreasing N use efficiency (NUE) is desirable in turfgrass management. Traditional definition of NUE in turfgrass is essentially the inverse of nitrogen concentration in the clippings and is often evaluated once in a growing season. In this experiment, we followed the Brenderse and Aerts' definition of NUE as the product of mean residence time (MRT) and nitrogen productivity (NP). The objective of this experiment was to identify NP changes over time in Kentucky bluegrass cultivars at different N levels under deficit irrigation. Nine Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and two hybrid bluegrass cultivars from 10 phenotypic classes were tested under N rates of 10 and 40 g m−2. Deficit irrigation at 60% of the evapotranspiration was imposed. The results showed interaction effects on NP from N level, irrigation, and cultivar. Low‐N treatment resulted in higher NP values as compared to high‐N for ‘Merit’ and ‘Martha’. No NP difference existed between N or irrigation levels for ‘Blue ghost’, ‘Geronimo’, ‘Heidi’, ‘Bandera’, ‘Impact’, ‘Fielder’, ‘Jackrabbit’, and ‘Park’. ‘Rhythm’ showed lower NP values in high‐N combined with full irrigation compared to other treatments. In general, increasing N levels resulted in lower NP, but higher nitrate reductase activity (NaR) and higher net photosynthesis. No N by irrigation interaction effect was detected for effective quantum yield or NaR. In conclusion, leaf‐level NP was shown to be an effective parameter for in‐season monitoring of the above‐ground NUE of Kentucky bluegrass, which provided more dynamic information than clipping yields or a one‐time NUE calculation based on traditional definition.
Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) multiplex activity assay differentiation of type 1 von Willebrand Disease (VWD) and variant VWD
Authors: Roberts Jonathan C. , Christopherson Pamela A. , Tarantino Michael D. , Gonzales Sarah E. , Morateck Patti A. , Perry Crystal L. , Flood Veronica H. , Abshire Thomas C. , Montgomery Robert R. ,   the Zimmerman Program Investigators
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionVWD diagnosis is challenging requiring multiple VWF activity tests using many individual assays. We have developed an ELISA‐based VWF Multiplex Activity Assay (VWF‐MAA) to address this concern; however, the ability of the VWF‐MAA to discriminate between type 1 VWD, variant VWD, and normal subjects has not been evaluated.AimTo evaluate the VWF‐MAA and its ability to differentiate between type 1 VWD, variant VWD and normal subjects in individuals undergoing an initial laboratory evaluation for bleeding.MethodsA total of 177 plasma samples from the Zimmerman Program: Comparative Effectiveness in the Diagnosis of VWD were evaluated from 11 centres across the US and Canada. The VWF‐MAA was compared to Versiti Blood Research Institute (VBRI) and Local Center (LC) assigned VWD diagnosis.ResultsOverall, 129/177 (72.9%) were correctly assigned as normal (non‐VWD), type 1, or variant VWD compared to the VBRI assigned diagnosis. VWF‐MAA assigned non‐VWD accurately in 29/57 (50.9%) samples, and type 1 VWD accurately in 93/110 (84.6%) samples. Considering LC diagnosis where there was agreement with VWF‐MAA and not VBRI diagnosis, type 1 VWD was accurate in 105/110 (95.5%) samples. Bland‐Altman analysis demonstrated good correlation between laboratory methods. VWD, types 2A, 2B, 1C VWD were also assigned by the VWF‐MAA.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the VWF‐MAA has utility in differentiating type 1 VWD, variant VWD and normal subjects in individuals undergoing an initial laboratory evaluation for bleeding.
Long‐term maintenance treatment of rosacea: experts' opinion
Authors: Almeida Luiz M. C. , Ianhez Mayra , Dal'Forno Taciana , Picosse Fabíola R. , Ravelli Flávia , Kamamoto Christhine , Sarlos Priscilla , Gold Linda F. S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by remissions and flares. Although the rosacea active treatment phase is well established, the long‐term maintenance phase is still challenging.ObjectiveTo discuss and make recommendations on how to treat patients during the long‐term maintenance phase for the main rosacea phenotypes.MethodsA panel of six board‐certified Brazilian dermatologists and one American dermatologist gathered to compose a consensus based upon an initial statement on how to treat rosacea during the long‐term maintenance phase based on the methodology Nominal Group Technique. The experts discussed each factor based upon an initial statement on how to treat rosacea patients in the long‐term maintenance phase. A sequence of comprehensive narrative reviews was performed; a questionnaire preparation about the definition of the maintenance phase and its management was presented; an interpersonal discussion and ranking of the ideas were conducted. Recommendations were made if the specialists had 75% agreement.ResultsThe maintenance treatment phase, which starts by achieving IGA 0 or 1 grades at the active phase, should be considered at least during the 9‐month period after remission. The recommendations of all treatments target this period. Daily skincare regimen and sunscreen are crucial. Active treatment phase should be recommended if signs or symptoms reappear or worsen.ConclusionMaintenance phase success depends on patient's adherence to daily skin care, appropriate treatments, continued follow‐up with dermatologist, and self‐assessment to identify new signs and symptoms indicating disease relapse.
ANZTCT consensus position statement on ruxolitinib in steroid‐refractory acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Hamad Nada , Bilmon Ian , Chee Lynette , Henden Andrea , Johnston Anna , Purtill Duncan , Bajel Ashish , Tey Siok‐Keen , Yeung David , Cole Theresa , Lewis Clinton , Butler Jason 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis position paper provides an overview of the assessment and management of both acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). There is a focus on the use of ruxolitinib, a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2, for the treatment of corticosteroid‐refractory and corticosteroid‐dependent GvHD.
Association between malnutrition and surgical site and periprosthetic joint infections following joint arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Chenbin , Lv Shuhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPost‐joint arthroplasty infections, especially surgical site infections (SSI) and periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), significantly impact patient outcomes. The potential influence of malnutrition on these postoperative complications remains a crucial concern for clinicians. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis using four databases up to 19 July 2023. We sought studies on joint replacements, focusing on malnutrition as an SSI risk factor. The malnutrition criteria were defined by specific laboratory parameters. Two independent reviewers undertook data extraction and quality assessment, with discrepancies resolved through consensus or third‐party review. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). For statistical analyses, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and both fixed and random‐effects models were employed based on heterogeneity levels, utilizing Stata software (version 17). Significant heterogeneity was present among studies examining the relationship between malnutrition and SSI (I2 = 59.5%, p = 0.03%). Employing the random‐effects model, results indicated that malnourished individuals were approximately 2.63 times more likely to develop SSI post‐operation. Further exploration into the association between malnutrition and PJI, from seven pertinent studies, also revealed an elevated risk (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.79–3.39). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and publication bias assessments supported the validity of the included studies. Malnutrition robustly correlates with an increased risk of both SSI and PJI following total joint arthroplasty. Emphasizing preoperative nutritional assessments and intervention strategies may offer a promising avenue to enhance patient outcomes and reduce postoperative complications.
Supporting older nurses and midwives in the Australian healthcare workplace—A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Denton Julie , Evans David , Qunyan Xu , Vernon Rachael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore support strategies for older nurses and midwives in Australian healthcare workplaces.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodParticipants were 50 older nurses and midwives and 20 healthcare managers recruited from a broad range of Australian healthcare settings. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews from November 2018 to April 2021. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsThe limited number of identified sedentary roles and inequitable distribution of workload responsibilities were identified as constraints that impact the provision of workplace support for older nurses and midwives in healthcare settings. Three major themes were identified: Workplace support, Personal support and Doing more. A small number of participants reported support was available at work, but most said there was not. Of the reported strategies some were offered exclusively to a cohort that met an age criterion, while others were open to all staff regardless of age. Personal support strategies were employed outside of the workplace while others used strategies during working hours. Doing more related to suggestions about how organizations could do more to support older nurses and midwives at work.ConclusionSupport mechanisms like adjustments in workload, employment fraction, practice location, upskilling and wellness programs in workplaces are limited. To facilitate retention and support older nurses and midwives in the workforce, health workplaces should consider implementing support mechanisms that can be tailored to the individual needs of the nurse or midwife over the life course of their career.ImpactThe findings of this study highlight the lack of support for many older nurses and midwives in Australian healthcare workplaces, emphasizing the need for further research into innovative practices on how to better support healthcare staff as they age.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the COREQ reporting method.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.