bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Negative Capacitance Transition for 2D Ferroelectric MoS2/Graphene Transistor
Authors: Daw Debottam , Bouzid Houcine , Jung Moonyoung , Suh Dongseok , Biswas Chandan , Hee Lee Young 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNegative capacitance gives rise to subthreshold swing (SS) below the fundamental limit by efficient modulation of surface potential in transistors. While negative‐capacitance transition is reported in polycrystalline Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(PZT) and HfZrO2(HZO) thin‐films in few microseconds timescale, low SS is not persistent over a wide range of drain current when used instead of conventional dielectrics. In this work, the clear nano‐second negative transition states in 2D single‐crystal CuInP2S6(CIPS) flakes have been demonstrated by an alternative fast‐transient measurement technique. Further, integrating this ultrafast NC transition with the localized density of states of Dirac contacts and controlled charge transfer in the CIPS/channel (MoS2/graphene) a state‐of‐the‐art device architecture, negative capacitance Dirac source drain field effect transistor (FET) is introduced. This yields an ultralow SS of 4.8 mV dec−1with an average sub‐10 SS across five decades with on‐off ratio exceeding 107, by simultaneous improvement of transport and body factors in monolayer MoS2‐based FET, outperforming all previous reports. This approach could pave the way to achieve ultralow‐SS FETs for future high‐speed and low‐power electronics.
A Novel Approach to Determine the Treatment Range of Prefabricated Vertical Drains and Cement‐Soil Mixing Piles for Wide and High Embankment on Soft Ground
Authors: Jiang Xin , Hu Jinming , Sun Rong , Fu Yongguo , Gu Hanyan , Zhang Lei , Qiu Yanjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWide embankments with a width of tens or even hundreds of meters change the settlement distribution mode of soft ground. At the same time, the influence of embankment height on the stability and settlement of soft ground is quite significant. For the wide and high embankments, when the prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is applied in the middle of the embankment and the cement‐soil mixing pile (CSMP) is implemented on both sides of the embankment, a novel determination approach of the reasonable proportion of the suitable treatment range of the PVD and the CSMP is proposed in this study. Combined with the engineering example of the Sanya Station yard of Hainan East Ring Railway, the Plaxis 2D finite element program is used to carry out the parameter analysis on the different proportions of PVD and CSMP in treatment ranges. It is confirmed that the proportion of the PVD and the CSMP in this project is between 2:3 and 4:1, which is consistent with the final design scheme provided by the design company. The on‐site monitoring results of this site show the effectiveness of the determination approach proposed in this paper.
High‐Entropy Cubic Pseudo‐Ternary Ag2(S, Se, Te) Materials With Excellent Ductility and Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Chen Heyang , Shao Chenlu , Huang Shaoji , Gao Zhiqiang , Huang Haoran , Pan Zhenyu , Zhao Kunpeng , Qiu Pengfei , Wei Tian‐Ran , Shi Xun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe discovery of ductile Ag2(S, Se, Te) materials opens a new avenue toward high‐performance flexible/hetero‐shaped thermoelectrics. Specifically, the cubic‐structured materials are quite attractive by combining remarkable plasticity, decent thermoelectric figure of merit (zT), and no phase transition above room temperature. However, such materials are quite few and the understanding is inadequate on their mechanical and thermoelectric properties. Enlightened by the high‐entropy principles, a series of pseudo‐ternary Ag2S‐Ag2Se‐Ag2Te alloys is designed and comprehensive diagrams of composition‐structure‐plasticity‐zT are compiled. Subsequently, the compositional region for the cubic phase is outlined. As a high‐entropy example featuring with anion‐site alloying and disordered Ag ions, Ag2‐xS1/3Se1/3Te1/3 materials exhibit impressively large elongations of 60–97%, ultralow lattice thermal conductivities of ≈0.2 W m−1 K−1, and decent zT values of 0.45 at 300 K, 0.8 at 460 K. The materials can be readily rolled into thin foils, showing excellent flexibility. Finally, a six‐leg in‐plane device is fabricated, achieving an output voltage of 13.6 mV, a maximal power of 12.8 µW, and a power density of 14.3 W m−2 under the temperature difference of 30 K, much higher than the organic counterparts. This study largely enriches the members of cubic ductile inorganic materials for the applications in flexible and hetero‐shaped energy and electronic devices.
Liver integrity and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Lu Yifei , Pike James Russell , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Walker Keenan A. , Raffield Laura M. , Selvin Elizabeth , Avery Christy L. , Engel Stephanie M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Garcia Tanya , Palta Priya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe examined midlife (1990–1992, mean age 57) and late‐life (2011–2013, mean age 75) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and aminotransferase with incident dementia risk through 2019 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.METHODSWe characterized NAFLD using the fatty liver index and fibrosis‐4, and we categorized aminotransferase using the optimal equal‐hazard ratio (HR) approach. We estimated HRs for incident dementia ascertained from multiple data sources.RESULTSAdjusted for demographics, alcohol consumption, and kidney function, individuals with low, intermediate, and high liver fibrosis in midlife (HRs: 1.45, 1.40, and 2.25, respectively), but not at older age, had higher dementia risks than individuals without fatty liver. A U‐shaped association was observed for alanine aminotransferase with dementia risk, which was more pronounced in late‐life assessment.DISCUSSIONOur findings highlight dementia burden in high‐prevalent NAFLD and the important feature of late‐life aminotransaminase as a surrogate biomarker linking liver hypometabolism to dementia.Highlights
Although evidence of liver involvement in dementia development has been documented in animal studies, the evidence in humans is limited.
Midlife NAFLD raised dementia risk proportionate to severity.
Late‐life NAFLD was not associated with a high risk of dementia.
Low alanine aminotransferase was associated with an elevated dementia risk, especially when measured in late life.
Low‐Electronegativity Mn‐Contraction of PtMn Nanodendrites Boosts Oxygen Reduction Durability
Authors: Nie Yan , Sun Yingjun , Song Bingyi , Meyer Quentin , Liu Shiyang , Guo Hongyu , Tao Lu , Lin Fangxu , Luo Mingchuan , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Yang Liming , Zhao Chuan , Guo Shaojun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlatinum metal (PtM, M=Ni, Fe, Co) alloys catalysts show high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity due to their well‐known strain and ligand effects. However, these PtM alloys usually suffer from a deficient ORR durability in acidic environment as the alloyed metal is prone to be dissolved due to its high electronegativity. Herein, we report a new class of PtMn alloy nanodendrite catalyst with low‐electronegativity Mn‐contraction for boosting the oxygen reduction durability of fuel cells. The moderate strain in PtMn, induced by Mn contraction, yields optimal oxygen reduction activity at 0.53 A mg−1 at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Most importantly, we show that relative to well‐known high‐electronegativity Ni‐based Pt alloy counterpart, the PtMn nanodendrite catalyst experiences less transition metals’ dissolution in acidic solution and achieves an outstanding mass activity retention of 96 % after 10,000 degradation cycles. Density functional theory calculation reveals that PtMn alloys are thermodynamically more stable than PtNi alloys in terms of formation enthalpy and cohesive energy. The PtMn nanodendrite‐based membrane electrode assembly delivers an outstanding peak power density of 1.36 W cm−2 at a low Pt loading and high‐performance retention over 50 h operations at 0.6 V in H2‐O2 hydrogen fuel cells.
Realizing Persistent Zero Area Compressibility over a Wide Pressure Range in Cu2GeO4 by Microscopic Orthogonal‐Braiding Strategy
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Liu Youquan , Molokeev Maxim S. , Xu Bohui , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractZero area compressibility (ZAC) is an extremely rare mechanical response that exhibits an invariant two‐dimensional size under hydrostatic pressure. All known ZAC materials are constructed from units in two dimensions as a whole. Here, we propose another strategy to obtain the ZAC by microscopically orthogonal‐braiding one‐dimensional zero compressibility strips. Accordingly, ZAC is identified in a copper‐based compound with a planar [CuO4] unit, Cu2GeO4, that possesses an area compressibility as low as 1.58(26) TPa−1 over a wide pressure range from ≈0 GPa to 21.22 GPa. Based on our structural analysis, the subtle counterbalance between the shrinkage of [CuO4] and the expansion effect from the increase in the [CuO4]‐[CuO4] dihedral angle attributes to the ZAC response. High‐pressure Raman spectroscopy, in combination with first‐principles calculations, shows that the electron transfer from in‐plane bonding dx2‐y2 to out‐of‐plane nonbonding dz2 orbitals within copper atoms causes the counterintuitive extension of the [CuO4]‐[CuO4] dihedral angle under pressure. Our study provides an understanding on the pressure‐induced structural evolution of copper‐based oxides at an electronic level and facilitates a new avenue for the exploration of high‐dimensional anomalous mechanical materials.
Manipulating the Microenvironment of Single Atoms by Switching Support Crystallinity for Industrial Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Luqi , Ma Mingyue , Zhang Chenchen , Chang Hao‐Hsiang , Zhang Ying , Li Linlin , Chen Han‐Yi , Peng Shengjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModulating the microenvironment of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is critical to optimizing catalytic activity. Herein, we innovatively propose a strategy to improve the local reaction environment of Ru single atoms by precisely switching the crystallinity of the support from high crystalline and low crystalline, which significantly improves the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The Ru single‐atom catalyst anchored on low‐crystalline nickel hydroxide (Ru−LC−Ni(OH)2) reconstructs the distribution balance of the interfacial ions due to the activation effect of metal dangling bonds on the support. Single‐site Ru with a low oxidation state induces the aggregation of hydronium ions (H3O+), leading to the formation of a local acidic microenvironment in alkaline media, breaking the pH‐dependent HER activity. As a comparison, the Ru single‐atom catalyst anchored on high‐crystalline nickel hydroxide (Ru−HC−Ni(OH)2) exhibits a sluggish Volmer step and a conventional local reaction environment. As expected, Ru−LC−Ni(OH)2 requires low overpotentials of 9 and 136 mV at 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 in alkaline conditions and operates stably at 500 mA cm−2 for 500 h in an alkaline seawater anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer. This study provides a new perspective for constructing highly active single‐atom electrocatalysts.
Modulation of Singlet‐Triplet Gap in Atomically Precise Silver Cluster‐Assembled Material
Authors: Chandrashekar Priyanka , Sardar Gopa , Sengupta Turbasu , Reber Arthur C. , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Kabra Dinesh , Khanna Shiv N. , Deria Pravas , Mandal Sukhendu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilver cluster‐based solids have garnered considerable attention owing to their tunable luminescence behavior. While surface modification has enabled the construction of stable silver clusters, controlling interactions among clusters at the molecular level has been challenging due to their tendency to aggregate. Judicious choice of stabilizing ligands becomes pivotal in crafting a desired assembly. However, detailed photophysical behavior as a function of their cluster packing remained unexplored. Here, we modulate the packing pattern of Ag12 clusters by varying the nitrogen‐based ligand. CAM‐1 formed through coordination of the tritopic linker molecule and NC‐1 with monodentate pyridine ligand; established via non‐covalent interactions. Both the assemblies show ligand‐to‐metal‐metal charge transfer (LMMCT) based cluster‐centered emission band(s). Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra exhibit blue shifts at higher temperatures, which is attributed to the extent of the thermal reverse population of the S1 state from the closely spaced T1 state. The difference in the energy gap (ΔEST) dictated by their assemblies played a pivotal role in the way that Ag12 cluster assembly in CAM‐1 manifests a wider ΔEST and thus requires higher temperatures for reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) than assembly of NC‐1. Such assembly‐defined photoluminescence properties underscore the potential toolkit to design new cluster‐ assemblies with tailored optoelectronic properties.
Modulation of the Structure‐function Relationship of the “nano‐greenhouse effect” towards Optimized Supra‐photothermal Catalysis
Authors: Zhong Biqing , Cai Mujin , Liu Shuang , He Jiari , Wang Jiaqi , Feng Kai , Tolstoy Valeri P. , Jiang Lin , Li Chaoran , An Xingda , He Le 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotothermal catalytic CO2hydrogenation holds great promise for relieving the global environment and energy crises. The “nano‐greenhouse effect” has been recognized as a crucial strategy for improving the heat management capabilities of a photothermal catalyst by ameliorating the convective and radiative heat losses. Yet it remains unclear to what degree the respective heat transfer and mass transport efficiencies depend on the specific structures. Herein, the structure‐function relationship of the “nano‐greenhouse effect” was investigated and optimized in a prototypical Ni@SiO2core‐shell catalyst towards photothermal CO2catalysis. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that modulation of the thickness and porosity of the SiO2nanoshell leads to variations in both heat preservation and mass transport properties. This work deepens the understandings on the contributing factor of the “nano‐greenhouse effect” towards enhanced photothermal conversion. It also provides insights on the design principles of an ideal photothermal catalyst in balancing heat management and mass transport processes.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 10/2023
Authors: Schey L. , Heidt J. , Pramskiy A. , Thompson D. , Agapito G. , Esposito S. , Gredel R. , Miller D. , Pinna E. , Puglisi A. , Rossi F. , Seifert W. , Taylor G. , Quirrenbach A. 
Published: December 2023

Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 multicolor‐image of Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2273, highlighting its various spiral arms, bars, and rings. Observations through five filters have been used to create this image. FOV is 2.59'×2.01', north is 6.8° left of vertical. The innermost bluish ring inside the yel‐low square, measuring a few arcsec in diameter, is the target of the study by Schey et al., this issue, e220094, to explore how active nuclei are fed. Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, J.Greene.image
Funds of knowledge: Towards an asset‐based approach to refugee education and family engagement in England
Authors: Câmara Jáfia Naftali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper reports findings from a doctoral study that investigated how young refugees and their families encounter England's education system. All children have the right to education in England; however, there are no specific educational policies for young refugees' education. Their invisibility in policy makes it more challenging for them to access appropriate support and contributes to them being portrayed through a deficit‐based lens. Due to limited school–home partnerships, educators may often be unaware that people with ‘refugee’ and ‘asylum seeker’ statuses face various barriers in and outside of school, further disadvantaging them. In this doctoral research, I drew on the concept of funds of knowledge (FofK) to highlight young refugees' and their families' practices and knowledge(s). I conducted a critical ethnography combined with arts‐based activities to investigate young people's and their families' experiences and perspectives of education. Based on the research findings, I argue that families' FofK can be used as resources for teaching and learning and to help overcome deficit‐based views of young learners. An FofK framework may help schools establish young people's and families' expectations, understand their circumstances in England and build deeper school–home partnerships.
ICG‐based laser treatments for ophthalmic diseases: Toward their safe and rapid strategy
Authors: Ye Jinfa , Wu Yiming , Pan Jintao , Cai Shundong , Cheng Yuhang , Chu Chengchao , Su Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe eye is a very important organ, and keratitis, corneal neovascularization, floaters, age‐related macular degeneration, and other vision problems have seriously affected people's quality of life. Among the ophthalmic treatments, laser photocoagulations have been proposed and have shown therapeutic effects in clinical settings. However, corneal thinning and bleeding lesions induced by laser damage have led to limit its applications. To treat the issues of traditional hyperthermia treatments, photosensitizers [e.g., indocyanine green (ICG)] have been investigated to increase the therapeutic effects of corneal neovascularization and choroidal neovascularization. In the recent study, with the help of ICG, laser‐induced nanobubble was proposed to treat vitreous opacities. The developed strategies could enlarge the effect of laser irradiation and reduce the side effects, so as to expand the scope of laser treatments in clinical ophthalmic diseases.
Humanized mouse models: A valuable platform for preclinical evaluation of human cancer
Authors: Yang Yuening , Li Jiaqian , Li Dan , Zhou Weilin , Yan Feiyang , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnimal models are routinely employed to assess the treatments for human cancer. However, due to significant differences in genetic backgrounds, traditional animal models are unable to meet bioresearch needs. To overcome this restriction, researchers have generated and optimized immunodeficient mice, and then engrafted human genes, cells, tissues, or organs in mice so that the responses in the model mice could provide a more reliable reference for treatments. As a bridge connecting clinical application and basic research, humanized mice are increasingly used in the preclinical evaluation of cancer treatments, particularly after gene interleukin 2 receptor gamma mutant mice were generated. Human cancer models established in humanized mice support exploration of the mechanism of cancer occurrence and provide an efficient platform for drug screening. However, it is undeniable that the further application of humanized mice still faces multiple challenges. This review summarizes the construction approaches for humanized mice and their existing limitations. We also report the latest applications of humanized mice in preclinical evaluation for the treatment of cancer and point out directions for future optimization of these models.
Modeling large‐scale bioreactors with diffusion equations. Part I: Predicting axial dispersion coefficient and mixing times
Authors: Losoi Pauli , Konttinen Jukka , Santala Ville 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBioreactor scale‐up is complicated by dynamic interactions between mixing, reaction, mass transfer, and biological phenomena, the effects of which are usually predicted with simple correlations or case‐specific simulations. This two‐part study investigated whether axial diffusion equations could be used to calculate mixing times and to model and characterize large‐scale stirred bioreactors in a general and predictive manner without fitting the dispersion coefficient. In this first part, a resistances‐in‐series model analogous to basic heat transfer theory was developed to estimate the dispersion coefficient such that only available hydrodynamic numbers and literature data were needed in calculations. For model validation, over 800 previously published experimentally determined mixing times were predicted with the transient axial diffusion equation. The collected data covered reactor sizes up to 160 m3, single‐ and multi‐impeller configurations with diverse impeller types, aerated and non‐aerated operation in turbulent and transition flow regimes, and various mixing time quantification methods. The model performed excellently for typical multi‐impeller configurations as long as flooding conditions were avoided. Mixing times for single‐impeller and few nonstandard bioreactors were not predicted equally well. The transient diffusion equation together with the developed transfer resistance analogy proved to be a convenient and predictive model of mixing in typical large‐scale bioreactors.
Investigation into struvite precipitation: A commonly encountered problem during fermentations on chemically defined media
Authors: Steimann Thomas , Wollborn David , Röck Florian , Horstmann Rebekka , Schmitt Elina , Christ Jonas Johannes , Blank Lars Mathias , Büchs Jochen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChemically defined mineral media are widely used in bioprocesses, as these show less batch to batch variation compared with complex media. Nonetheless, the recommended media formulations often lead to the formation of precipitants at elevated pH values. These precipitates are insoluble and reduce the availability of macronutrients to the cells, which can result in limiting growth rates and lower productivity. They can also damage equipment by clogging pipes, hoses, and spargers in stirred tank fermenters. In this study, the observed precipitate was analyzed via X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and identified as the magnesium ammonium phosphate salt struvite (MgNH4PO4 × 6H2O). The solubility of struvite crystals is known to be extremely low, causing the macronutrients magnesium, phosphate, and ammonium to be bound in the struvite crystals. Here, it was shown that struvite precipitates can be redissolved under common fermentation conditions. Furthermore, it was found that the struvite particle size distribution has a significant effect on the dissolution kinetics, which directly affects macronutrient availability. At a certain particle size, struvite crystals rapidly dissolved and provided unlimiting growth conditions. Therefore, struvite formation should be considered during media and bioprocess development, to ensure that the dissolution kinetics of struvite are faster than the growth kinetics.