bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimization of eddy power loss in the cryostat for a z‐gradient array coil driven by an arbitrary pulse sequence: An electromagnetic approach
Authors: Takrimi Manouchehr , Atalar Ergin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThis paper presents a novel computational approach to optimize gradient array performance for a given pulse sequence. Specifically, we propose an electromagnetic (EM) approach that minimizes eddy losses within the cryostat while maintaining key performance parameters such as field linearity, gradient strength, and imaging region's dimension and position.MethodsHigh‐resolution EM simulations on the cryostat's surface are deployed to compute the net EM fields generated by each element of a gradient array coil at different frequencies. The computed fields are stored and combined for each frequency to form a quadratic vector–matrix–vector computation. The overall time‐average eddy power loss within the cryostat assembly for arbitrary pulse sequences is computed using frequency domain superposition.ResultsThe proposed approach estimates and regulates eddy power losses within the cryostat assembly. When compared to the stray field minimization approach, it can achieve over twice the reduction in eddy power loss. The proposed approach eliminates the need to sample the stray fields on the cryostat surface, which the number and position of the samples would be challenging when designing tunable array coils with capabilities that disrupt field symmetries. Additionally, the loss calculation considers the entire cryostat assembly rather than just the inner cylindrical surface of the warm shield.ConclusionOur findings highlight the efficacy of an on‐the‐fly tuning method for the development of high‐performance whole‐body gradient array coils, effectively mitigating eddy losses within the cryostat and minimizing stray fields outside the coil assembly. This approach proves particularly advantageous for array coils with variable feeding currents.
Optimization of the flip angles of narrow‐band editing pulses in J‐difference edited MRS of lactate at 3T
Authors: Moore Jason E. , Robison Ryan K. , Hu Jie , Sengupta Saikat T. , Mahdi Olaimatu S. , Anderson Adam W. , Luo Leo Y. , Mohler Alexander C. , Merrell Ryan T. , Choi Changho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeApplication of highly selective editing RF pulses provides a means of minimizing co‐editing of contaminants in J‐difference MRS (MEGA), but it causes reduction in editing yield. We examined the flip angles (FAs) of narrow‐band editing pulses to maximize the lactate edited signal with minimal co‐editing of threonine.MethodsThe effect of editing‐pulse FA on the editing performance was examined, with numerical and phantom analyses, for bandwidths of 17.6–300 Hz in MEGA‐PRESS editing of lactate at 3T. The FA and envelope of 46 ms Gaussian editing pulses were tailored to maximize the lactate edited signal at 1.3 ppm and minimize co‐editing of threonine. The optimized editing‐pulse FA MEGA scheme was tested in brain tumor patients.ResultsSimulation and phantom data indicated that the optimum FA of MEGA editing pulses is progressively larger than 180° as the editing‐pulse bandwidth decreases. For 46 ms long 17.6 Hz bandwidth Gaussian pulses and other given sequence parameters, the lactate edited signal was maximum at the first and second editing‐pulse FAs of 241° and 249°, respectively. The edit‐on and difference‐edited lactate peak areas of the optimized FA MEGA were greater by 43% and 25% compared to the 180°‐FA MEGA, respectively. In‐vivo data confirmed the simulation and phantom results. The lesions of the brain tumor patients showed elevated lactate and physiological levels of threonine.ConclusionThe lactate MEGA editing yield is significantly increased with editing‐pulse FA much larger than 180° when the editing‐pulse bandwidth is comparable to the lactate quartet frequency width.
Implementing a campus food pantry in the US: Strategies for operations and marketing communications
Authors: Hamerman Eric J. , Martins Chrissy M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbout 10% of the US population faces food insecurity, defined as “limited or uncertain access to adequate food.” On college and university campuses, food insecurity among students is often reported as three times higher than the population at large. Food insecurity on campus has been shown to reduce academic performance, and by extension, student retention. In response to this issue, many colleges and universities have implemented campus food pantries. This practice paper is a potential blueprint for higher education institutions to implement a campus food pantry, and to market the food pantry to students who experience food insecurity without stigmatizing them. The paper synthesizes lessons from implementation and insights from existing literature to promote the inclusion of food pantries as a tool for boosting student success and student retention.
Investigating the impact of deformation on foam permeability through CT scans and the Lattice‐Boltzmann method
Authors: Phu Nguyen Thien , Navrath Uwe , Heider Yousef , Carmai Julaluk , Markert Bernd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFoam has a wide range of applications, where the study of its properties and mechanical response has gained a lot of attention in recent years. To deepen the understanding of foam's behavior, the underlying research proposes a new study to determine the deformation‐dependent permeability of foam using a combination of CT scans and the Lattice‐Boltzmann method (LBM). Specifically, the three‐dimensional mesoscopic structure of the foam is reconstructed using nano‐CT images at different compression levels including uncompressed, 15, 25, 35, and 50 percentages of compression. After processing the data from the CT scans, the LBM is applied to simulate single‐phase fluid flow in the deformed porous domain. The permeability at each corresponding deformation stage is characterized and determined by the LBM using the open‐access Palabos software. In this work, the deformation‐dependent intrinsic permeability tensor is considered by applying a meso‐macro hierarchic upscaling scheme. According to the CT scan outcomes, the compression level is inversely proportional to the porosity. The physical phenomenon is discussed in detail and the effect of image resolution on the permeability computation accuracy is investigated.
Stretchable polydimethylsiloxane/aligned electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers composites with high transparency and fracture resistance
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Feng Fuqi , Ji Yujie , Peng Jinda , He Lei , Cui Juqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is recognized as an excellent stretchable substrate in wearable electronics, due to its desirable properties such as tensile properties, transparency, thermal stability, non‐toxicity, and good biocompatibility. However, its limited fracture toughness and susceptibility to cracking significantly reduce the material's overall durability. In this study, the solution casting method was applied to prepare the nanofibers composites combined stretchable PDMS and aligned electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) to improve its mechanical properties and keep its transparency. The results showed that composites containing 3 wt% loadings of electrospun CA nanofibers exhibited a light transmittance exceeding 85% within the visible light range. Specifically, the PDMS/CA‐400 composites exhibited maximum improvements in comparison to pure PDMS. Notably, the tensile strength increased significantly from 2.1 to 3.0 MPa, while the toughness increased from 0.93 to 2.49 MJ/m3. In addition, the tensile strength of PDMS/CA‐400 composites with pre‐cut cracks increased from 0.2 to 1.4 MPa, and the fracture toughness increased from 14.78 to 174.42 kJ/m3, which were respectively 7 and 12 times compared to pure PDMS. Scanning electron microscope images showed that PDMS formed good interfacial interaction with CA nanofibers. This study introduces a novel method utilizing electrospun nanofibers to create transparent and fracture‐resistant stretchable composites, offering promising enhancements for the durability of wearable electronic devices.Highlights
Explore the impact of the speed of receiving rollers on the degree of fiber arrangement.
PDMS/CA‐400 composite material shows good light transmittance and high fracture resistance.
The tight interface between the fiber and the matrix improves the optical transmission and mechanical properties of the composite materials.
Acclimation of subarctic vegetation to warming and increased cloudiness
Authors: Ndah Flobert A. , Maljanen Marja , Kasurinen Anne , Rinnan Riikka , Michelsen Anders , Kotilainen Titta , Kivimäenpää Minna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubarctic ecosystems are exposed to elevated temperatures and increased cloudiness in a changing climate with potentially important effects on vegetation structure, composition, and ecosystem functioning. We investigated the individual and combined effects of warming and increased cloudiness on vegetation greenness and cover in mesocosms from two tundra and one palsa mire ecosystems kept under strict environmental control in climate chambers. We also investigated leaf anatomical and biochemical traits of four dominant vascular plant species (Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea, and Rubus chamaemorus). Vegetation greenness increased in response to warming in all sites and in response to increased cloudiness in the tundra sites but without associated increases in vegetation cover or biomass, except that E. hermaphroditum biomass increased under warming. The combined warming and increased cloudiness treatment had an additive effect on vegetation greenness in all sites. It also increased the cover of graminoids and forbs in one of the tundra sites. Warming increased leaf dry mass per area of V. myrtillus and R. chamaemorus, and glandular trichome density of V. myrtillus and decreased spongy intercellular space of E. hermaphroditum and V. vitis‐idaea. Increased cloudiness decreased leaf dry mass per area of V. myrtillus, palisade thickness of E. hermaphroditum, and stomata density of E. hermaphroditum and V. vitis‐idaea, and increased leaf area and epidermis thickness of V. myrtillus, leaf shape index and nitrogen of E. hermaphroditum, and palisade intercellular space of V. vitis‐idaea. The combined treatment caused thinner leaves and decreased leaf carbon for V. myrtillus, and increased leaf chlorophyll of E. hermaphroditum. We show that under future warmer increased cloudiness conditions in the Subarctic (as simulated in our experiment), vegetation composition and distribution will change, mostly dominated by graminoids and forbs. These changes will depend on the responses of leaf anatomical and biochemical traits and will likely impact carbon gain and primary productivity and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.
Safety and feasibility of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients hospitalized with post‐COVID‐19 fibrosis: A feasibility study
Authors: Nair Shruti P. , Augustine Anulucia , Panchabhai Chaitrali , Patil Sarika , Parmar Kinjal , Panhale Vrushali P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmerging data suggest a spectrum of pulmonary complications from COVID‐19, ranging from dyspnea to difficult ventilator weaning and fibrotic lung damage. Prolonged hospitalization is known to significantly affect activity levels, impair muscle strength and reduce cardiopulmonary endurance.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and safety of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and to explore effects on functional capacity, physical performance, fatigue levels, and functional status.DesignA prospective feasibility study.SettingInpatient unit of a tertiary care hospital.ParticipantsTwenty‐five hospitalized patients diagnosed with post‐COVID‐19 fibrosis referred for PR.InterventionIndividualized PR intervention including breathing exercises, positioning, strengthening, functional training, and ambulation twice a day for 6 days a week.Outcome MeasuresOne‐minute sit‐to‐stand test (STST), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Post‐COVID‐19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS).ResultsTwenty‐five participants (19 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 54.2 ± 13.4 years were enrolled. Sixteen completed the two‐point assessment after undergoing in‐patient PR of mean duration 14.8 ± 9 days. PR led to a significant improvement in all functional outcomes that is, STST (from 7.1 ± 4.3 repetitions to 14.2 ± 2.1 repetitions, SPPB (from 5 ± 2.8 to 9.4 ± 1.5), FAS (from 33.3 ± 10.8 to 25.8 ± 4.7) at the p ≤ .001, and PCFS (from 3.6 ± 0.9 to 2.9 ± 1.2, p ≤ .05).ConclusionEarly initiation of PR for hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 fibrosis was safe, well tolerated, and feasible and may improve functional status.
Mixed colors by combustion of mixed homogeneous pyrotechnics and heterogeneous charges
Authors: Bouma Richard H. B. , Kotter Lance N. , Smit Wouter J. L. , Zebregs Martijn , Groven Lori J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe combustion of mixed homogeneous pyrotechnic compositions and heterogeneous charges is studied experimentally with the aim of producing a selectable wavelength signal flare. The heterogeneous charge was perceived as a mixed color by a distant observer. A model for color chromaticity coordinates of homogeneous mixtures was derived that includes the mass, mass‐based burn rate and luminous intensity ratios of the constituting color compositions. This model can predict the expected dominant wavelength of a mixed composition. It can also handle the spacing of chromaticity coordinates of mixed compositions on a straight line in the CIE diagram between chromaticity coordinates of constituting colors. With two series of color composition mixtures, it was demonstrated that the chromaticity coordinates of the mixtures could be at, or slightly deviate, from the straight line connecting the chromaticity coordinates of the constituting compositions. It indicates there is little to no influence of flame temperature and mutual pyrotechnic reactions.
AlphaFold2 captures the conformational landscape of the HAMP signaling domain
Authors: Winski Aleksander , Ludwiczak Jan , Orlowska Malgorzata , Madaj Rafal , Kaminski Kamil , Dunin‐Horkawicz Stanislaw 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we present a conformational landscape of 5000 AlphaFold2 models of the Histidine kinases, Adenyl cyclases, Methyl‐accepting proteins and Phosphatases (HAMP) domain, a short helical bundle that transduces signals from sensors to effectors in two‐component signaling proteins such as sensory histidine kinases and chemoreceptors. The landscape reveals the conformational variability of the HAMP domain, including rotations, shifts, displacements, and tilts of helices, many combinations of which have not been observed in experimental structures. HAMP domains belonging to a single family tend to occupy a defined region of the landscape, even when their sequence similarity is low, suggesting that individual HAMP families have evolved to operate in a specific conformational range. The functional importance of this structural conservation is illustrated by poly‐HAMP arrays, in which HAMP domains from families with opposite conformational preferences alternate, consistent with the rotational model of signal transduction. The only poly‐HAMP arrays that violate this rule are predicted to be of recent evolutionary origin and structurally unstable. Finally, we identify a family of HAMP domains that are likely to be dynamic due to the presence of a conserved pi‐helical bulge. All code associated with this work, including a tool for rapid sequence‐based prediction of the rotational state in HAMP domains, is deposited at https://github.com/labstructbioinf/HAMPpred.
Pyramiding BPH genes in rice maintains resistance against the brown planthopper under climate change
Authors: Wang Chih‐Lu , Luo Pei‐Qi , Hu Fang‐Yu , Li Yi , Sung Chang‐Lin , Kuang Yun‐Hung , Lin Shau‐Ching , Yang Zhi‐Wei , Li Charng‐Pei , Huang Shou‐Horng , Hechanova Sherry Lou , Jena Kshirod K. , Hsieh Chia‐Hung , Chuang Wen‐Po 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper; BPH) is a significant rice pest in Asia, causing substantial yield losses. Pyramiding BPH resistance genes with diverse resistance traits into rice cultivars is an effective strategy for pest management. However, the response of pyramiding combinations to environmental changes remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated three pyramiding rice lines (BPH2 + 32, BPH9 + 32, and BPH18 + 32) in the context of varying climate change conditions, ensuring sufficient N. lugens–rice interactions. Thus, we set three environmental conditions [30/25 °C (day/night) with 500 ppm CO2 concentration, 32/27 °C (day/night) with 600 ppm CO2 concentration, and 35/30 °C (day/night) with 1000 ppm CO2 concentration].RESULTSAll three pyramiding rice lines maintained the insect resistant ability under the three environmental settings. In particular, the BPH18 + 32 rice line exhibited stronger antibiotic and antixenosis effects against N. lugens. In addition, BPH18 + 32 rice line had better shoot resilience under N. lugens infestation, whereas the performance of the other two selected pyramiding rice lines varied. Thus, although BPH2, BPH9, and BPH18 represent three alleles at the same locus, their resistance levels against N. lugens may vary under distinct climate change scenarios, as evidenced by the performance of N. lugens on the three pyramiding rice lines.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that all three tested pyramiding rice lines maintained their insect resistance in the face of diverse climate change scenarios. However, these lines exhibited varied repellent responses and resilience capacities in response to climate change. Thus, the combination of pyramiding genes needs to be considered for future breeding programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Computational drug discovery on human immunodeficiency virus with a customized long short‐term memory variational autoencoder deep‐learning architecture
Authors: Kutsal Mucahit , Ucar Ferhat , Kati Nida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite attempts to control the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through the use of anti‐HIV medications, the absence of an effective vaccine continues to present a significant obstacle. In addition, the development of drug resistance by HIV underscores the necessity for computational drug discovery methods to identify novel therapies. This investigation specifically focused on employing a long short‐term memory (LSTM) variational autoencoder deep‐learning architecture for computational drug discovery in relation to HIV. Our data set comprised simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES)–encoded compounds, which were used to train the LSTM autoencoder. Remarkably, our model achieved a training accuracy of 91%, with a data set containing 1377 compounds. Leveraging the generative model derived from the training phase, we generated potential new drugs for combating HIV and assessed their interaction with the virus using a previously developed artificial intelligence model. Lastly, we verified the drug likeliness of our computationally generated compounds in accordance with Lipinski's rule of five. Overall, our study presents a promising approach to computational drug discovery in the ongoing battle against HIV.
On random irregular subgraphs
Authors: Fox Jacob , Luo Sammy , Tuan Pham Huy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet be a ‐regular graph on vertices. Frieze, Gould, Karoński, and Pfender began the study of the following random spanning subgraph model . Assign independently to each vertex of a uniform random number , and an edge of is an edge of if and only if . Addressing a problem of Alon and Wei, we prove that if , then with high probability, for each nonnegative integer , there are vertices of degree in .
How does digital transformation affect sustainable innovation performance? The pivotal roles of digital technology‐business alignment and environmental uncertainty
Authors: Lin Jiabao , Mao Minyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of digital transformation in improving sustainable innovation performance, the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which digital transformation affects sustainable innovation performance is unclear. Using the lens of information technology‐enabled organizational capabilities, this study develops a moderated mediation model based on new economic growth theory and information asymmetry theory to examine the impact of digital transformation on sustainable innovation performance. Using a sample of Chinese agriculture firms, our findings reveal that digital transformation positively affects sustainable innovation performance through digital technology‐business alignment, and this indirect effect is stronger when environmental uncertainty is lower. Moreover, environmental uncertainty negatively moderates the relationship between digital transformation and digital technology‐business alignment. Our theoretical explanations and empirical evidence provide insights into how digital transformation initiatives can be leveraged to improve sustainable innovation performance, thus making an important contribution to the related literature.
Developing theoretical insights in entrepreneurship research
Authors: Zahra Shaker A. , Li Yong , Agarwal Rajshree , Barney Jay B. , Dushnitsky Gary , Graebner Melissa E. , Klein Peter G. , Sarasvathy Saras 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryAs the study of entrepreneurship advances, our appreciation for the role of theory in the development of the field has grown. In this paper, we build on our collective experiences to offer a peek into the inner workings of entrepreneurship theorizing, using specific examples to highlight ways of developing theoretical insights for advancing entrepreneurship research. Our journeys suggest an iterative process centered on asking an important and interesting question, challenging prevailing assumptions, understanding context and phenomenon, and developing conceptual models and analyses. We focus on the uniqueness of entrepreneurial phenomena, contexts, and actors as well as the interdisciplinary nature of the field.Managerial SummaryEntrepreneurship as a scholarly field has reached a stage of maturity where we need to think more carefully about our contribution to theory. Theory enriches managerial parctice. We offer helpful and actionable suggestions to develop and share rich theoerical insights that inform schaolrship and practice.
In Vitro Detection of S100B and Severity Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Biomimetic Peptide‐Modified Nanochannels
Authors: Zhang Wenyuan , Zhang Jianrui , Wang Yijun , Wang Senyao , Wu Yitian , Zhang Wenchang , Wu Minghui , Wang Li , Xu Guoheng , Deng Fuan , Liu Wenchao , Liu Zhengwei , Chen Lu , Xiao Kai , Zhang Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe diagnosis and evaluation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are crucial steps toward the treatment and prognosis of patients. A common question remains as to whether it is possible to introduce an ideal device for signal detection and evaluation that can directly connect digital signals with TBI, thereby enabling prompt response of the evaluation signal and sensitive and specific functioning of the detection process. Herein, a method is presented utilizing polymetric porous membranes with TRTK‐12 peptide‐modified nanochannels for the detection of S100B (a TBI biomarker) and assessment of TBI severity. The method leverages the specific bonding force between TRTK‐12 peptide and S100B protein, along with the nanoconfinement effect of nanochannels, to achieve high sensitivity (LOD: 0.002 ng mL−1) and specificity (∆I/I0: 44.7%), utilizing ionic current change as an indicator. The proposed method, which is both sensitive and specific, offers a simple yet responsive approach for real‐time evaluation of TBI severity. This innovative technique provides valuable scientific insights into the advancement of future diagnostic and therapeutic integration devices.