bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbitrary planar microwave filter design by the EEM‐GA approach
Authors: Wang Wen , Lu Yilong , Fu Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe traditional microstrip or coplanar‐waveguide filter design restricts filter structure to regular shapes so that the results may not be optimal. In this paper, we present a novel design approach that allows arbitrary planar structures. This approach combines two powerful and flexible methods: the finite‐element method (FEM) as the three‐dimensional (3D) field simulator and the genetic algorithm (GA) as the optimization engine. In order to reduce the optimization time, parallel computing is also utilized. The FEM‐GA design approach is much more flexible than traditional ones. Numerical examples are presented to show the validity and effectiveness of this approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 276–279, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20116
The method of lines and electromagnetic scattering for line sources
Authors: Hooshyar M. A. , Lasater Lena V. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe direct and inverse problems of electromagnetic scattering by cylindrical structures with arbitrary cross sections for E‐polarized line sources are considered. It is shown that the method of lines gives a computationally efficient and accurate procedure for calculating the scattering amplitude. The developed procedure also enables one to determine shape of cylindrical structures form scattering amplitudes. To illustrate the procedure and its computational performance, two numerical examples are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 286–290, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20118
Transmission characteristics of a new type of closed elliptic‐groove waveguide for millimeter waves
Authors: Xu Fuyong , Shangguan Changping , Ma Hongmei 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA new type of closed elliptic‐groove guide is developed. Its characteristic equation and transmission characteristics for the dominant mode have been analyzed using the mode‐matching method and discussed. The obtained results show that this new type of closed elliptic‐groove guide has low loss, low dispersion, and high‐power handling, and it can be suitably used as the single‐mode transmission in short millimeter and submillimeter waves. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 301–304, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20122
A simple and efficient approach to train artificial neural networks using a genetic algorithm to calculate the resonant frequency of an RMA on thick substrate
Authors: Khuntia Bonomali , Pattnaik Shyam S. , Panda Dhruba C. , Neog Dipak K. , Devi S. , Dutta Malay 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBoth genetic algorithms (GAs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used in the field of computational electromagnetics as the most powerful optimizing tools. In this paper, a simple and efficient method is presented to handle the problem of competing convention while training an ANN by using a GA. This technique is applied to calculate the resonant frequency of a thick‐substrate rectangular microstrip antenna (RMA). The training time is less than that of a normal feed‐forward backpropagation algorithm. The measured results are in very good agreement with experimental results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 313–315, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20126
CPW EBG using butterfly‐radial slot (BRS) for low‐pass wideband filtering
Authors: Yu Jong Jen , Tan Boon Tiong , Chew Siou Teck 
Published: March 2004

AbstractUniplanar one‐dimensional EBG with a periodic butterfly‐radial slot (BRS) structure has been proposed for wide spurious filtering. An optimum design ratio and parameters have been characterized for this particular BRS‐CPW EBG configuration. Two six‐cell BRS‐CPW EBG low‐pass filters are designed and they demonstrate a wide bandwidth rejection of more than 86% up to the 3rd harmonic. The experimental and simulated results are in good agreement. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 320–323, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20130
Implementation of broadband microwave absorber using FSS screens coated with Ba(MnTi)Fe10O19 ferrite
Authors: Liu Ji‐Chyun , Liu Chin‐Yen , Wu Ching‐Yang , Hsu Hsing‐Yao 
Published: March 2004

AbstractConstruction of FSS screens coated with ferrite Ba(MnTi)Fe10O19 to implement broadband microwave absorbers is presented in this paper. The decrement method is used to measure the reflective response of the microwave absorber. Both reflectivity and absorption representations recognize the characterization of microwave absorbers for the X‐band. Two types of FSS screens, a square‐lattice screen and an equilateral‐triangle‐lattice screen, are introduced to obtain better bandwidth and absorption in this study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 323–326, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20131
Model test of the relationship between self‐help‐promoting nursing interventions and self‐care and health status outcomes
Authors: Kreulen Grace J. , Braden Carrie Jo 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this study of a nursing intervention outcomes model was tested. Path analysis techniques were used to examine predicted relationships between self‐help‐promoting interventions and patient outcomes of self‐care practice and client morbidity at three times. A sample of 307 women receiving medical treatment for breast cancer provided data for the study. The average participant was White, middle‐aged, married, educated, and in stage I or stage II disease. Findings support the hypothesized model linking these nursing interventions directly to self‐care outcomes and self‐care to client morbidity outcomes. Client factors of age, social network size, disease stage, receipt of chemotherapy, resourcefulness, and uncertainty significantly influenced predicted relationships. Examination of specific patterns of relationships for the sample revealed delayed behavioral responses to the interventions, variability in predictors of each outcome at the three measurement times and a more strongly predictive model when patient outcomes were considered within the context of client factors. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:97–109, 2004
Biochemical hypoglycemia in female nurses during clinical shift work
Authors: Inoue Kayoko , Kakehashi Yuko , Oomori Suiko , Koizumi Akio 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFemale nurses in Japan commonly experience symptoms similar to those of hypoglycemia while working. Biochemical hypoglycemia can lead to impaired cognition; thus, it is important to know the prevalence of biochemical hypoglycemia among nurses. Five hundred and sixty‐eight female nurses (53% of the target population) in four hospitals completed questionnaires. They determined their blood glucose levels 12 times, at four points during three shifts. Fifty‐seven nurses (10%) recorded biochemical hypoglycemia (≤3.0 mM) at least once. Multivariate analysis revealed three independent risk factors for hypoglycemia: higher coefficient of variation of blood glucose level, lower body mass index, and not smoking. Subjective symptoms were not associated with hypoglycemia. More research on hypoglycemia is needed in order to improve working environment for nurses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:87–96, 2004
The modal distribution of protein isoelectric points reflects amino acid properties rather than sequence evolution
Authors: Weiller Georg F. , Caraux Gilles , Sylvester Nicole 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTwo‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, a routine application in proteomics, separates proteins according to their molecular mass (Mr) and isoelectric point (pI). As the genomic sequences for more and more organisms are determined, the Mr and pI of all their proteins can be estimated computationally. The examination of several of these theoretical proteome plots has revealed a multimodal pI distribution, however, no conclusive explanation for this unusual distribution has so far been presented. We examined the pI distribution of 115 fully sequenced genomes and observed that the modal distribution does not reflect phylogeny or sequence evolution, but rather the chemical properties of amino acids. We provide a statistical explanation of why the observed distributions of pI values are multimodal.
Two‐dimensional reference map of Agrobacterium tumefaciens proteins
Authors: Rosen Ran , Sacher Ayelet , Shechter Nelia , Becher Dörte , Büttner Knut , Biran Dvora , Hecker Michael , Ron Eliora Z. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractProteomics based on two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis of proteins followed by spot identification with mass spectrometry is a commonly used method for physiological studies. Physiological proteomics requires 2‐D reference maps, on which most of the main proteins are identified. We present a reference map for the bacterial plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens proteins, which contains more than 300 entries with an isoelectric point (pI) between 4 and 7. The quantitative study of the proteins in the analytical window of the master gel demonstrated unique features, in comparison with other bacteria. In addition, a theoretical analysis of several protein parameters was performed and compared with the experimental results. A comparison of the theoretical molecular weight (MW) of the proteins and their theoretical pI with their vertical and horizontal migration distances, respectively, pointed out the existence of several proteins that strongly diverted from the graph trend‐line. These proteins were clearly subjected to post‐translational modifications, which changed their pI and/or MW. Additional support for post‐translational modifications comes from the identification of multiple spots of the same gene products. Post‐translational modifications appear to be more common than expected, at least for soluble proteins, as more than 10% of the proteins were associated with multiple spots.
About the mechanism of interference of silver staining with peptide mass spectrometry
Authors: Richert Sophie , Luche Sylvie , Chevallet Mireille , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Leize‐Wagner Emmanuelle , Rabilloud Thierry 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe mechanism by which silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels interferes with mass spectrometry of peptides produced by proteolysis has been investigated. It was demonstrated that this interference increases with time between silver staining and gel processing, although the silver image is constant. This suggested an important role of the formaldehyde used in silver staining development in this interference process. Consequently, a formaldehyde‐free staining protocol has been devised, using carbohydrazide as the developing agent. This protocol showed much increased peptide coverage and retained the sensitivity of silver staining. These results were however obtained at the expense of an increased background in the stained gels and of a reduced staining homogeneity.
Proteomic analysis of cholangiocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Srisomsap Chantragan , Sawangareetrakul Phannee , Subhasitanont Pantipa , Panichakul Tasanee , Keeratichamroen Siriporn , Lirdprapamongkol Kriengsak , Chokchaichamnankit Daranee , Sirisinha Stitaya , Svasti Jisnuson 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor derived from bile duct epithelium, occurs with a higher incidence in tropical countries, such as Thailand. Distinguishing CCA from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the liver often requires the use of histochemistry, so molecular markers for diagnosis and prognosis are still required. In this study, the two‐dimensional (2‐D) protein map of a Thai human bile duct epithelial carcinoma cell line (HuCCA‐1) has been compared to human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2 and HCC‐S102) and a human breast epithelial cancer cell line (MCF‐7). Our results show that HuCCA‐1 expressed a unique pattern of proteins. Forty‐three major proteins were identified by matching to the map of MCF‐7, and by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and electrospray ionization‐tandem MS (ESI‐MS/MS). Cytokeratins CK8 and CK18 were overexpressed in both HuCCA‐1 and HCC, while CK7 and CK19 were only expressed in HuCCA‐1. Four specific proteins with MW/pI 57.2/5.21 (U1, vimentin), 42.2/6.20 (U2), 43.2/6.20 (U3, EF‐TU), and 42.2/6.40 (U4, unidentified) were absent from HepG2. U2 showed high expression in HuCCA‐1, while U1 and U4 showed high expression in HCC‐S102. U2 could be separated in 2 proteins, U2/1 (α‐enolase) and U2/2 (not identified) by using IPG pH 4–7. Galectin‐3 showed high expression level in HuCCA‐1 by 1‐DE immunodetection, and gave only one spot with MW 32.9 kDa and pI 8.29 on 2‐DE immunoblotting, Thus, certain proteins, namely CK7, CK19, U2/2 and galectin‐3, may be good markers useful for differential diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma compared to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Proteomic determination of metabolic enzymes of the amnion cell: Basis for a possible diagnostic tool?
Authors: Oh Ji‐eun , Fountoulakis Michael , Juranville Jean‐François , Rosner Margit , Hengstschlaeger Markus , Lubec Gert 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAmniocentesis is a valuable and standard procedure for prenatal diagnosis of genetic or inborn errors of metabolism. Amnion cells are cultivated and chromosomes or proteins can be examined to provide molecular diagnosis. Mainly individual proteins are searched for based upon pedigrees and/or anamnesis. As inborn errors of metabolism involve a vast diversity of metabolic enzymes, we aimed to find a screening method for a large series of metabolic enzymes. Amnion cells were obtained from amniocentesis and subjected to proteomic analysis. We used two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis with in‐gel digestion followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight analysis, to identify metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, we compared metabolic proteins in amnion cells from controls with those from Down Syndrome (DS). Enzymes involved in carbohydrate handling, amino acid handling, ­purine metabolism and intermediary metabolism as well as miscellaneous metabolic pathways were detected. Protein levels of several enzymes were significantly deranged in samples obtained from patients with DS. This approach, with the advantage of the concomitant determination of many enzyme proteins, may form the basis for future metabolic screens when amniocentesis is carried out.
A computational method for assessing peptide‐ identification reliability in tandem mass spectrometry analysis with SEQUEST
Authors: Razumovskaya Jane , Olman Victor , Xu Dong , Uberbacher Edward C. , VerBerkmoes Nathan C. , Hettich Robert L. , Xu Ying 
Published: March 2004

AbstractHigh‐throughput protein identification in mass spectrometry is predominantly achieved by first identifying tryptic peptides by a database search and then by combining the peptide hits for protein identification. One of the popular tools used for the database search is SEQUEST. Peptide identification is carried out by selecting SEQUEST hits above a specified threshold, the value of which is typically chosen empirically in an attempt to separate true identifications from false ones. These SEQUEST scores are not normalized with respect to the composition, length and other parameters of the peptides. Furthermore, there is no rigorous reliability estimate assigned to the protein identifications derived from these scores. Hence, the interpretation of SEQUEST hits generally requires human involvement, making it difficult to scale up the identification process for genome‐scale applications. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a method, which combines a neural network and a statistical model, for normalizing SEQUEST scores, and also for providing a reliability estimate for each SEQUEST hit. This method improves the sensitivity and specificity of peptide identification compared to the standard filtering procedure used in the SEQUEST package, and provides a basis for estimating the reliability of protein identifications.
Transforming growth factor‐β1‐regulated proteins in human endothelial cells identified by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Lomnytska Marta , Lukiyanchuk Vasyl , Hellman Ulf , Souchelnytskyi Serhiy 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis affecting proliferation, differentiation and migration of endothelial cells. The effect of TGFβ on endothelial cells depends on the origin of the cells and on the experimental conditions. Global analysis of TGFβ signalling is expected to unveil mechanisms of this variability and identify novel targets of the growth factor. Here, we report proteome profiling of human microvascular endothelial cells obtained from dermis, which were treated with TGFβ1 and compared to nontreated cells. We identified 54 proteins affected by TGFβ1 using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Thirteen of the identified proteins are involved in various signalling processes. Seven proteins are involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and six are involved in regulation of metabolism. Ten proteins were identical to predicted hypothetical proteins with no assigned functions. In agreement with the effect of TGFβ1 on components of the cytoskeleton, TGFβ1 induces actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. TGFβ1 also affected expression of E2F6, p57Kip2, G(q)α, hnRNP A1 and myosin light chain proteins as shown by immunoblotting. Down‐regulation of the transcriptional repressor E2F6 by TGFβ1 correlated with a weak growth‐inhibitory activity of TGFβ1 on HMVEC‐d cells. Twenty‐five of the identified proteins have not previously been described as being regulated by TGFβ1, providing new insights into TGFβ1 signalling in endothelial cells.
Mass spectrometric analysis of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 variants expressed by placental malaria parasites
Authors: Fried Michal , Wendler Jason P. , Mutabingwa Theonest K. , Duffy Patrick E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSurface proteins from Plasmodium falciparum are important malaria vaccine targets. However, the surface proteins previously identified are highly variant and difficult to study. We used tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the variant antigens (Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)) expressed on the surface of malaria‐infected erythrocytes that bind to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) in the placenta. Whereas PfEMP1 variants previously implicated as CSA ligands were detected, in unselected parasites four novel variants were detected in CSA‐binding or placental parasites but not in unselected parasites. These novel PfEMP1 variants require further study to confirm whether they play a role in placental malaria.
Identification of apoptotic tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins after etoposide or retinoic acid treatment
Authors: Navakauskiene Ruta , Treigyte Grazina , Gineitis Arunas , Magnusson Karl‐Eric 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA main shortcoming of using HL‐60 cells as a model of granulocyte‐macrophage differentiation is that some cells in the differentiating population undergo apoptosis. To address this issue, we have identified which tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins are involved in apoptosis and differentiation, respectively. HL‐60 cells were induced specifically to undergo apoptosis with 68 μM etoposide, and to undergo granulocytic differentiation with 1 μM retinoic acid (RA). The corresponding two‐dimensional electrophoretic maps of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins from treated cells were compared. In the 8 h etoposide‐treated HL‐60 cell population, 83% of the cells were apoptotic. In the 120 h RA‐treated cells, 50% of the cells were apoptotic. Eighteen cytosolic and nuclear tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins were found in both the 8 h etoposide‐ and the 120 h RA‐treated cells, but not in the proliferating HL‐60 cell population. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry analyses suggested that some of the proteins may be involved in signal transduction pathways (NFκB, GTP‐binding protein, protein disulfide isomerase, Cyclophilin A), others in cell transcriptional and translational control (hnRNP H, hnRNP L, Hsp60, Hp1, Hcc‐1, 26S proteasome beta‐subunit, ATP synthase beta‐chain), and a third group in cell cytoskeleton organization and receptor cycling (profilin, caveolin‐1). An understanding of signal transduction in apoptosis initiation by screening for tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins associated with apoptosis may provide new targets for the treatment of leukemia.
Nonredundant mass spectrometry: A strategy to integrate mass spectrometry acquisition and analysis
Authors: Scherl Alexander , Francois Patrice , Converset Véronique , Bento Manuela , Burgess Jennifer A. , Sanchez Jean‐Charles , Hochstrasser Denis F. , Schrenzel Jacques , Corthals Garry L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractProtein identification using automated data‐dependent tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is now a standard procedure. However, in many cases data‐dependent acquisition becomes redundant acquisition as many different peptides from the same protein are fragmented, whilst only a few are needed for unambiguous identification. To increase the quality of information but decrease the amount of information, a nonredundant MS (nrMS) strategy has been developed. With nrMS, data analysis is an integral part of the overall MS acquisition and analysis, and not an endpoint as typically performed. In this nrMS workflow a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) instrument is used. MS and restricted MS/MS data are searched and identified proteins are used to generate an “exclusion list”, after in silico digestion. Peptide fragmentation is then restricted to only the most intense ions not present in the exclusion list. This process is repeated until all peaks are accounted for or the sample is consumed. Compared to nanoLC‐MS/MS, nrMS yielded similar results for the analysis of six pooled two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) spots. In comparison to standard data‐dependent MALDI‐MS/MS for sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) gel band analysis, nrMS dramatically increased the number of identified proteins. It was also found that this new workflow significantly increased sequence coverage by identifying unexpected peptides, which can result from post‐translational modifications.