bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The post-quiescence properties of Cir X-1 at orbital phase around periastron observed by NuSTAR and NICER
Authors: Yu Z L , Zhang S , Chen Y P , Kong L D , Wang P J , Shui Q C , Peng J Q , Yan Z , Li X D , Zhang S N 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Cir X-1 is an unusual X-ray binary, which has resumed periodic outbursts since August 2019. We investigate the post-quiescence spectral properties of Cir X-1 at orbital phase around the periastron using NICER and NuSTAR X-ray observatories after the resumption of outbursts. We identify two distinct classes of spectral properties. The first class exhibits highly ionized absorption, whereas the second class does not. We suggest that the ionized absorption originates from the shelter of the disc wind, while the low-ionized/neutral absorption arises from the companion’s stellar wind. We also suggest that the disc wind may be always present in both classes, and a warped precession disc could alter the visibility of the disc wind.
Demographics of three-body binary black holes in star clusters: implications for gravitational waves
Authors: Marín Pina Daniel , Gieles Mark 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
To explain both the dynamics of a globular cluster and its production of gravitational waves from coalescing binary black holes, it is necessary to understand its population of dynamically formed (or, ‘three-body’) binaries. We provide a theoretical understanding of this population, benchmarked by direct N-body models. We find that N-body models of clusters on average have only one three-body binary at any given time. This is different from theoretical expectations and models of binary populations, which predict a larger number of binaries (∼5), especially for low-N clusters (∼100), or in the case of two-mass models, low number of black holes. We argue that the presence of multiple binaries is suppressed by a high rate of binary–binary interactions, which efficiently ionize one of the binaries involved. These also lead to triple formation and potentially gravitational wave captures, which may provide an explanation for the recently reported high efficiency of in-cluster mergers in models of low-mass clusters ($\lesssim 10^5\, {\rm M}_\odot)$.
An observationally driven multifield approach for probing the circum-galactic medium with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gluck Naomi , Oppenheimer Benjamin D , Nagai Daisuke , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The circum-galactic medium (CGM) can feasibly be mapped by multiwavelength surveys covering broad swaths of the sky. With multiple large data sets becoming available in the near future, we develop a likelihood-free Deep Learning technique using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to infer broad-scale physical properties of a galaxy’s CGM and its halo mass for the first time. Using CAMELS (Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations) data, including IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, and Astrid models, we train CNNs on Soft X-ray and 21-cm (H i) radio two-dimensional maps to trace hot and cool gas, respectively, around galaxies, groups, and clusters. Our CNNs offer the unique ability to train and test on ‘multifield’ data sets comprised of both H i and X-ray maps, providing complementary information about physical CGM properties and improved inferences. Applying eRASS:4 survey limits shows that X-ray is not powerful enough to infer individual haloes with masses log (Mhalo/M⊙) &lt; 12.5. The multifield improves the inference for all halo masses. Generally, the CNN trained and tested on Astrid (SIMBA) can most (least) accurately infer CGM properties. Cross-simulation analysis – training on one galaxy formation model and testing on another – highlights the challenges of developing CNNs trained on a single model to marginalize over astrophysical uncertainties and perform robust inferences on real data. The next crucial step in improving the resulting inferences on the physical properties of CGM depends on our ability to interpret these deep-learning models.
Functional Prokaryotic-Like Deoxycytidine Triphosphate Deaminases and Thymidylate Synthase in Eukaryotic Social Amoebae: Vertical, Endosymbiotic, or Horizontal Gene Transfer?
Authors: Liang Heng , Mower Jeffrey P , Chia Catherine P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate uses several pathways: gram-negative bacteria use deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase to convert deoxycytidine triphosphate into deoxyuridine triphosphate, whereas eukaryotes and gram-positive bacteria instead use deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase to transform deoxycytidine monophosphate to deoxyuridine monophosphate. It is then unusual that in addition to deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminases, the eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum has 2 deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminases (Dcd1Dicty and Dcd2Dicty). Expression of either DcdDicty can fully rescue the slow growth of an Escherichia coli dcd knockout. Both DcdDicty mitigate the hydroxyurea sensitivity of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase knockout. Phylogenies show that Dcd1Dicty homologs may have entered the common ancestor of the eukaryotic groups of Amoebozoa, Obazoa, Metamonada, and Discoba through an ancient horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote or an ancient endosymbiotic gene transfer from a mitochondrion, followed by horizontal gene transfer from Amoebozoa to several other unrelated groups of eukaryotes. In contrast, the Dcd2Dicty homologs were a separate horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote or a virus into either Amoebozoa or Rhizaria, followed by a horizontal gene transfer between them. ThyXDicty, the D. discoideum thymidylate synthase, another enzyme of the deoxythymidine triphosphate biosynthesis pathway, was suggested previously to be acquired from the ancestral mitochondria or by horizontal gene transfer from alpha-proteobacteria. ThyXDicty can fully rescue the E. coli thymidylate synthase knockout, and we establish that it was obtained by the common ancestor of social amoebae not from mitochondria but from a bacterium. We propose horizontal gene transfer and endosymbiotic gene transfer contributed to the enzyme diversity of the deoxythymidine triphosphate synthesis pathway in most social amoebae, many Amoebozoa, and other eukaryotes.
Topologically nontrivial three-body contact interaction in one dimension
Authors: Ohya Satoshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is known that three-body contact interactions in one-dimensional (1D) n(≥3)-body problems of nonidentical particles can be topologically nontrivial: they are all classified by unitary irreducible representations of the pure twin group PTn. It was, however, unknown how such interactions are described in the Hamiltonian formalism. In this paper, we study topologically nontrivial three-body contact interactions from the viewpoint of the path integral. Focusing on spinless particles, we construct an n(n − 1)(n − 2)/3!-parameter family of n-body Hamiltonians that corresponds to one particular 1D unitary representation of PTn. These Hamiltonians are written in terms of background Abelian gauge fields that describe infinitely thin magnetic fluxes in the n-body configuration space.
Frequency and types of errors in clinician-composed death certificates for patients with or without autopsy in a hospital population
Authors: Pape Ariana , Scherpelz Kathryn P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Death certificate (DC) errors are common. At our institution, all deaths have a preliminary death certificate (PDC) written by a clinician and then revised by a pathologist prior to the clinician signing the final death certificate (FDC). In autopsy cases, the FDC is signed by the pathologist who performs the autopsy.

Methods
A total of 100 in-hospital deaths (50 with autopsy and 50 without) occurred in 2020 were arbitrarily selected from a tertiary care center. All PDCs and FDCs were compared to identify/classify errors as major (incorrect cause of death (COD) or significant contributing factors) or minor (abbreviations, inappropriate non-essential contributing factors, immediate/intermediate COD errors). Frequency of PDC errors was compared by autopsy status, duration of hospital stay and PDC author.

Results
Ninety percent of cases had at least one PDC error and 39% had a major error. Major errors were more common in autopsy cases (50% versus 28%, P = 0.035), although minor/overall errors were not. Error rates did not significantly differ for the other variables assessed.

Conclusions
There is significance of having a pathologist review and revise DCs before they are signed. The increased frequency in major errors in cases with autopsy suggests that autopsy findings provided additional information to elucidate COD.
Decomposing Duration Dependence in a Stopping Time Model
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Borovičková Katarína , Shimer Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We develop an economic model of transitions in and out of employment. Heterogeneous workers switch employment status when the net benefit from working, a Brownian motion with drift, hits optimally chosen barriers. This implies that the duration of jobless spells for each worker has an inverse Gaussian distribution. We allow for arbitrary heterogeneity across workers and prove that the distribution of inverse Gaussian distributions is partially identified from the duration of two non-employment spells for each worker. We estimate the model using Austrian social security data and find that dynamic selection is a critical source of duration dependence.
The Chinese Zodiac-in-Noise Test: An Internet-Based Speech-in-Noise Test for Large-Scale Hearing Screening
Authors: Zhou Huali , Meng Qinglin , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Peina , Shang Shidong , Xiao Wei , Kang Yuyong , Li Jiawen , Wang Yamin , Zheng Nengheng 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
Motivated by the growing need for hearing screening in China, the present study has two objectives. First, to develop and validate a new test, called the Chinese Zodiac-in-noise (ZIN) test, for large-scale hearing screening in China. Second, to conduct a large-scale remote hearing screening in China, using the ZIN test developed.

Design:
The ZIN test was developed following a similar procedure as the digits-in-noise test but emphasizes the importance of consonant recognition by employing the 12 zodiac animals in traditional Chinese culture as speech materials. It measures the speech reception threshold (SRT) using triplets of Chinese zodiac animals in speech-shaped noise with an adaptive procedure.

Results:
Normative data of the test were obtained in a group of 140 normal-hearing listeners, and the performance of the test was validated by comparisons with pure-tone audiometry in 116 listeners with various hearing abilities. The ZIN test has a reference SRT of −11.0 ± 1.6 dB in normal-hearing listeners with a test-retest variability of 1.7 dB and can be completed in 3 minutes. The ZIN SRT is highly correlated with the better-ear pure-tone threshold (r = 0.82). With a cutoff value of −7.7 dB, the ZIN test has a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.94 for detecting a hearing loss of 25 dB HL or more at the better ear.
A large-scale remote hearing screening involving 30,552 participants was performed using the ZIN test. The large-scale study found a hearing loss proportion of 21.0% across the study sample, with a high proportion of 57.1% in the elderly study sample aged over 60 years. Age and gender were also observed to have associations with hearing loss, with older individuals and males being more likely to have hearing loss.

Conclusions:
The Chinese ZIN test is a valid and efficient solution for large-scale hearing screening in China. Its remote applications may improve access to hearing screening and enhance public awareness of hearing health.
Machine learning review of hand surgery literature
Authors: Rowley M. Andrew , Allen J. Ryan , Newton William , Daly Charles 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Latent Dirichlet Allocation is an artificial intelligence model which processes text into topics, and has had broad application in medicine, political science, and engineering. As the orthopedic hand literature continues to grow, such technology may have value in efficiently conducting identifying trends and conducting systematic reviews. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of Latent Dirichlet Allocation and machine learning to review literature and summarize the past 21 yr of hand surgery research.

Methods:
All original research articles published in the Journal of Hand Surgery (American), Journal of Hand Surgery (European), Hand, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS), Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (CORR), Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (JAAOS) and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) from 2000-2021 were analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, generating 50 topics which were then ranked by popularity and trended over the previous 21 yr.

Results:
Research article abstracts totaling 11,501 from 2000-2020 were extracted and analyzed to create 50 topics.

Conclusion:
This is the first study of its kind to utilize machine learning models for reviewing the hand surgery literature. Machine learning possesses the ability to rapidly process a large body of test and assess the current state of research and trends or research topics, which can aid clinicians and researchers in time-intensive tasks to provide clues that will promote areas of further study.
Risk of Proctectomy After Ileorectal Anastomosis in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Modern Era
Authors: Banerjee Sudeep , Burke Carol A. , Sommovilla Joshua , Anderson Cristan , O’Malley Margaret , LaGuardia Lisa , Vazquez Villasenor Ana , Macaron Carole , Liska David 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Prophylactic surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis has evolved over several decades. Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis provides an alternative to total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. We have previously shown the rate of proctectomy and rectal cancer after total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis in the “pre-pouch” era was 32% and 13%, respectively.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the rate of proctectomy and rectal cancer among familial adenomatous polyposis patients and relative-rectal sparing (< 20 rectal polyps) selected for total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis in the modern era.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Single tertiary care institution with a hereditary colorectal cancer registry.

PATIENTS:
Familial adenomatous polyposis patients who underwent total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis between 1993 and 2020.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Incidence of proctectomy for any indication and rectal cancer.

RESULTS:
A total of 197 patients with median age of 24 years (range, 10-67) were included. Median follow-up after total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was 13 years (IQR 6-17). Sixteen patients (8%) underwent proctectomy. Indications included rectal cancer in 6 (3%) (2 Stage I and 4 Stage III); polyps with high grade dysplasia in 4 (2%); progressive polyp burden in 3 (1.5%), defecatory dysfunction in 2 (1%); and anastomotic leak in 1 (0.5%). Among 30 patients (18%) with ≥ 20 rectal polyps at the time of total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, 8 patients (26%) underwent proctectomy and 3 patients developed rectal cancer (10%). Among 134 patients (82%) with < 20 polyps, 8 patients (6%) underwent proctectomy and 3 patients developed rectal cancer (2%). Number of rectal polyps at the time of total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was associated with the likelihood of proctectomy (OR 1.1, p < 0.001) but not incident rectal cancer (p = 0.3).

LIMITATION:
Retrospective data collection.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis selected for total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis by rectal polyp number have low rates of proctectomy and rectal cancer compared to historical controls. With appropriate selection criteria and surveillance, total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis remains an important and safe treatment option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Unscheduled Healthcare Contact after Outpatient Surgical Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Menon Ambika , Payne Samuel H. , Woodard Evan D. , Williams Rachel E. , Emefiele Jesse I. , Knaus William J. , Ghareeb Paul A. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Distal radius fractures (DRFs) commonly require surgical fixation. Unscheduled healthcare contact (UHC) after surgery represents an area of quality improvement in surgical care. We hypothesize that UHC after outpatient surgical fixation of DRFs is more common in patients undergoing treatment at a safety-net hospital versus those treated at a university-affiliated facility.

Methods:
An IRB-approved retrospective review studied patients who underwent outpatient surgical treatment of DRFs from January 2017 to May 2021. Surgery was performed either at a local safety-net hospital or at a university-affiliated hospital. UHC was defined as telephone calls, emergency room visits, and/or readmissions to the hospital within 30 days of surgery. Demographic factors, medical comorbidities, and injury and surgery details were analyzed.

Results:
In total, 442 patients met inclusion criteria. An estimated 257 patients (58.1%) were treated at a university-affiliated facility, whereas 185 patients (41.9%) had surgery at the safety-net hospital. The overall rate of UHC within thirty-days of surgery was 14.0%, with the most common reason being uncontrolled pain. Rates of UHC were higher at the safety-net hospital compared with those at a university-affiliated facility (26.5% versus 5.1%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
UHC was significantly greater for patients undergoing surgery in a safety-net hospital setting compared with those in a university setting. UHC after surgery is often related to inadequate postoperative pain control. Improved pain control and patient education may alleviate unnecessary healthcare contact.
Plastic Surgery Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Characteristics, Research Themes, and Predictors of Publication and Discontinuation
Authors: Sinha Sarthak , Arora Rohit , Chockalingam Keerthana , van der Vyver Marieta , Ponich Brett , Ambikkumar Athithan , Verly Myriam , Turk Madison , Bharadia Shyla , Biernaskie Jeff , Temple-Oberle Claire , Harrop Alan Robertson , Gabriel Vincent 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Clinical trials (CTs) are crucial for evidence-based surgical care. Despite growing interest in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) research, the status of PRS CTs remains unknown. We obtained PRS CTs from ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (November 2022). Topic modeling identified research themes and machine learning models generated CT-publication pairs. Kaplan-Meier curves visualized CT discontinuation and nonpublication. Of the 4685 PRS CTs identified, 79% were interventional and 81% recruited adults. Most were single-center-led (67%) and academic-funded (77%). Male investigators led 77% of CTs. Female-only patient CTs outnumbered male-only (31% versus 1%). The United States led with 41% of CTs, followed by France, Canada, and China. Industry-funded CTs were higher in the USA, Germany, and Belgium, and academic-funded in France, Canada, and China. PRS CTs clustered into aesthetics (43%), reconstructive (20%), wound healing (8%), peripheral nerve (6%), tumor excision (5%), craniofacial (5%), perioperative pain (5%), and burns (4%). Industry preferred funding aesthetics, whereas academia and industry co-funded wound healing. Publication rates of completed (24%) and terminated (10%) CTs varied by cluster, with perioperative pain CTs exhibiting higher rates. Industry-funded CTs had lower publication rates (hazard ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–0.81) and higher discontinuation (hazard ratio: 1.34, confidence interval: 1.06–1.68) driven by sponsors’ decision to terminate prematurely. Global growth in PRS trialome reflects rising interest in evidence-based plastic surgery. Yet, imbalances in participant age, geography, funding source, and trial design influence likelihood of CT discontinuation and publication. Key research gaps include pediatric CTs, accountability in industry-funded research, and multicenter collaborations with underrepresented regions.
Usefulness of Peripheral Blood Cultures in Children With Cancer and Episodes of Fever and Neutropenia
Authors: Sarquis Teresita , Ibáñez Carolina , De La Maza Verónica , Valenzuela Romina , Zubieta Marcela , Labraña Yenis , Gutiérrez Valentina , Greppi Claudia , Martínez Daniela , Díaz Paulina , Santolaya María Elena 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The collection of blood cultures (BC) is key for guiding antimicrobial therapy in children with febrile neutropenia (FN), more than 90% have central venous catheters (CVC). There is no consensus on the need for peripheral BC over central BC in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of peripheral BC over central BC in the diagnosis of bloodstream infections in children with FN.

Methods:
Descriptive, retrospective study, episodes of FN recorded prospectively in 6 hospitals in Santiago, Chile, from 2016 to 2021. Central and peripheral BC were drawn upon admission. All episodes with at least one (+) BC were allocated to one of these groups: consistent (+) BC, inconsistent (+) BC, only CVC (+) BC and only peripheral (+) BC. The volume of the samples was recorded.

Results:
The analysis included 241 episodes of FN with at least one (+) BC. The median age was 7.2 years, 51% were female, 84% had hematological cancer and 98% had episodes of high-risk FN. Of a total of 241 episodes, 135 (56%) had consistent (+) BC, 13 (5%) had inconsistent (+) BC, 35 (15%) had only CVC (+) BC and 58 (24%) had only peripheral (+) BC. There were no significant differences in the volume of the samples between central and peripheral BC.

Conclusions:
The proportion of bloodstream infections detected only through peripheral BC was 24%, higher than previously reported, not due to sample volume. We recommend obtaining peripheral as well CVC BC in children with FN.