bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of donor‐recipient age‐difference in adolescent heart transplantation
Authors: Gill George , Rowe Georgina , Zubair M. Mujeeb , Chen Qiudong , Thomas Jason , Chiu Peter , Osho Asishana , Sood Vikram , Schumacher Kurt R. , Emerson Dominic , Bowdish Michael E. , Chikwe Joanna , Fynn‐Thompson Francis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between donor age and adolescent heart transplant outcomes remains incompletely understood. We aimed to explore the effect of donor‐recipient age difference on survival after adolescent heart transplantation.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify 2,855 adolescents aged 10–17 years undergoing isolated primary heart transplantation from 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2022. The primary outcome was 10‐year post‐transplant survival. Multivariable Cox regression identified predictors of mortality after adjusting for donor and recipient characteristics. A restricted cubic spline assessed the non‐linear association between donor‐recipient age‐difference and the adjusted relative mortality hazard.ResultsThe median donor‐recipient age‐difference was +3 (range ‐13 to +47) years, and 17.7% (n = 504) of recipients had an age‐ difference > 10 years. Recipients with an age‐difference > 10 years had a less favorable pre‐transplant profile, including a higher incidence of priority status 1A (81.6%, n = 411 vs. 73.6%, n = 1730; p = .01). The 10‐year survival rate was 54.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48.8– 60.4) among recipients with a donor‐recipient age‐difference > 10 years and 66.9% (95% CI: 64.4–69.4) among those with an age‐difference ≤10 years. An age‐difference > 10 years was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18–1.72, p < .001). Spline analysis demonstrated that the adjusted mortality hazard increased with increasingly positive donor‐recipient age‐difference and became significantly higher at an age‐difference of 11 years.ConclusionA donor‐recipient age‐difference > 11 years is independently associated with higher long‐term mortality after adolescent heart transplantation. This finding may help inform acceptable donor selection practice for adolescent heart transplant candidates.
Prognostic value of systemic immune‐inflammation index in CAD patients: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Zhao Zehao , Zhang Xiaoming , Sun Tienan , Huang Xin , Ma Meishi , Yang Shiwei , Zhou Yujie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSystemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker based on neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes counts, which has potential prognostic value among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients as described by some observational studies. We aimed to provide higher‐certainty evidence to verify the association of SII with poor outcomes of CAD patients.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid and Scopus were searched to find relevant literature exploring the prognostic value of SII among CAD patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) extracted from the literature included were pooled with the fixed‐effect or random‐effect model. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to detect the source of heterogeneity and evaluate the stability of results.ResultsA total of nine studies with 15,832 participants were included. The quantitative synthesis including eight studies with 15,657 participants showed that the high SII was related to the major adverse cardiovascular event in CAD patients (HR with 95% CI: 2.36 [1.67, 3.33]). After eliminating heterogeneity and adjusting for publication bias, the above result was still robust (HR with 95% CI: 1.67 [1.32, 2.12]). Additionally, we also demonstrated the prognostic values of SII for all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke.ConclusionHigher SII has prognostic values for adverse outcomes in CAD patients.
Phytochemical diversity impacts herbivory in a tropical rainforest tree community
Authors: Wang Xuezhao , He Yunyun , Sedio Brian E. , Jin Lu , Ge Xuejun , Glomglieng Suphanee , Cao Min , Yang Jianhong , Swenson Nathan G. , Yang Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetabolomics provides an unprecedented window into diverse plant secondary metabolites that represent a potentially critical niche dimension in tropical forests underlying species coexistence. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics to evaluate chemical composition of 358 tree species and its relationship with phylogeny and variation in light environment, soil nutrients, and insect herbivore leaf damage in a tropical rainforest plot. We report no phylogenetic signal in most compound classes, indicating rapid diversification in tree metabolomes. We found that locally co‐occurring species were more chemically dissimilar than random and that local chemical dispersion and metabolite diversity were associated with lower herbivory, especially that of specialist insect herbivores. Our results highlight the role of secondary metabolites in mediating plant–herbivore interactions and their potential to facilitate niche differentiation in a manner that contributes to species coexistence. Furthermore, our findings suggest that specialist herbivore pressure is an important mechanism promoting phytochemical diversity in tropical forests.
Determinants of commodity market liquidity
Authors: Jain Pankaj K. , Kayhan Ayla , Onur Esen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing positions data for 18 commodity futures during 2001–2020, we examine systematic and idiosyncratic determinants of Amihud price impact and microstructure noise proxying for permanent and transitory components of commodity futures liquidity. Idiosyncratic factors have the largest economic impact: while excess hedging demand increases PI and noise, active position‐taking (by market‐makers) in excess of the hedging demand reduces noise. Systematic factors, including the lack of competition among liquidity providers, adversely impact liquidity, but this effect is mitigated if liquidity providers are well‐capitalized. Supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) makes holding inventory costlier and is associated with lower liquidity.
Winter is coming: Interactions of multiple stressors in winter and implications for the natural world
Authors: Dinh Khuong V. , Albini Dania , Orr James A. , Macaulay Samuel J. , Rillig Matthias C. , Borgå Katrine , Jackson Michelle C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWinter is a key driver of ecological processes in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in higher latitudes. Species have evolved various adaptive strategies to cope with food limitations and the cold and dark wintertime. However, human‐induced climate change and other anthropogenic stressors are impacting organisms in winter in unpredictable ways. In this paper, we show that global change experiments investigating multiple stressors have predominantly been conducted during summer months. However, effects of anthropogenic stressors sometimes differ between winter and other seasons, necessitating comprehensive investigations. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the different effects of anthropogenic stressors in winter compared to other seasons and discuss the primary mechanisms that will alter ecological responses of organisms (microbes, animals and plants). For instance, while the magnitude of some anthropogenic stressors can be greater in winter than in other seasons (e.g. some pollutants), others may alleviate natural winter stress (e.g. warmer temperatures). These changes can have immediate, delayed or carry‐over effects on organisms during winter or later seasons. Interactions between stressors may also vary with season. We call for a renewed research direction focusing on multiple stressor effects on winter ecology and evolution to fully understand, and predict, how ecosystems will fare under changing winters. We also argue the importance of incorporating the interactions of anthropogenic stressors with winter into ecological risk assessments, management and conservation efforts.
Youth and climate justice: Representations of young people in action for sustainable futures
Authors: Sloan Morgan Onyx , Melchior Fabiola , Thomas Kimberley , McNab‐Coombs Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom fossil fuel corporations sponsoring climate change education to youth‐washing international gatherings, young people are bombarded, and simultaneously abandoned, by struggles for climate justice. The root issues fuelling interlocking environmental and social crises are often erased in initiatives involving youth. These crises are a direct result of broader, structural conditions that have become the de facto global order and propel notions of sustainable development. In settler colonial contexts such as Canada, colonialism, capitalism and inequitable forms of violence mutually depend upon one another to perpetuate climate injustice. Youth are increasingly aware of these entanglements, while seemingly discouraged from transformative action. With these tensions in mind, this commentary investigates the obstacles youth face despite making key contributions to justice‐focused climate action, and draws attention to the necessity of strengthening meaningful youth engagement. To explore this issue, we engage with climate and environmental justice literature, youth‐led initiatives, and youth representation on a global stage.
A Low‐Cost Programmable Reversing Flow Column Apparatus for Investigating Mixing Zones
Authors: Buskirk Reid E. , Knappett Peter S. K. , Cardenas M. Bayani , Datta Saugata , Borowski Walter S. , Mendoza‐Sanchez Itza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis note describes the development and testing of a novel, programmable reversing flow 1D (R1D) experimental column apparatus designed to investigate reaction, sorption, and transport of solutes in aquifers within dynamic reversing flow zones where waters with different chemistries mix. The motivation for constructing this apparatus was to understand the roles of mixing and reaction on arsenic discharging through a tidally fluctuating riverbank. The apparatus can simulate complex transient flux schedules similar to natural flow regimes The apparatus uses an Arduino microcontroller to control flux magnitude through two peristaltic pumps. Solenoid valves control flow direction from two separate reservoirs. In‐line probes continually measure effluent electrical conductance, pH, oxidation–reduction potential, and temperature. To understand how sensitive physical solute transport is to deviations from the real hydrograph of the tidally fluctuating river, two experiments were performed using: (1) a simpler constant magnitude, reversing flux direction schedule (RCF); and (2) a more environmentally relevant variable magnitude, reversing flux direction schedule (RVF). Wherein, flux magnitude was ramped up and down according to a sine wave. Modeled breakthrough curves of chloride yielded nearly identical dispersivities under both flow regimes. For the RVF experiment, Peclet numbers captured the transition between diffusion and dispersion dominated transport in the intertidal interval. Therefore, the apparatus accurately simulated conservative, environmentally relevant mixing under transient, variable flux flow regimes. Accurately generating variable flux reversing flow regimes is important to simulate the interaction between flow velocity and chemical reactions where Brownian diffusion of solutes to solid‐phase reaction sites is kinetically limited.
Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Is it an underestimated entity? A retrospective, single‐center case series
Authors: Kim Susan , Sarwal Amara , Yee Xin Tan , Fraga Sebastian A. Gandarillas , Campion Vincent , Gnanasekaran Isaiarasi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMetformin is widely considered a first‐line antiglycemic agent due to its cost‐effectiveness and favorable adverse effect profile. However, its use is prohibited in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, due to the risk of potentially lethal metformin‐associated lactic acidosis (MALA). We sought to evaluate MALA cases and outcomes at our institution.MethodsIn this observational, retrospective case series, we reviewed our EMR for all patients who had a metformin level drawn between January 2013 and May 2022 to identify individuals who met the diagnostic criteria for MALA. We evaluated risk factors for MALA, the relationship between metformin level, blood pH, serum bicarbonate, and lactate level and clinical outcomes of ventilator dependency, renal replacement therapy requirement, renal recovery in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, and survival.FindingsA total of 107 patients had metformin levels drawn, of which 19 patients met the diagnostic criteria for MALA. In our case series, MALA was primarily seen in AKI (15 patients) secondary to dehydration and sepsis, followed by end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (4 patients). Intubation was required in 17 patients, of whom 8 were successfully extubated after a mean duration of 14 days. Sixteen patients received renal replacement therapy (RRT). Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) was performed in nine, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in four, and sequential therapy of IHD and CRRT in three patients. Seven patients, all in the AKI group (46.7%), died while all ESRD patients survived, accounting for an overall mortality rate of 36.8%. Among the eight surviving AKI patients, four had complete renal recovery with renal function returning to baseline, three had partial renal recovery, and one continued to require IHD at the time of discharge to a rehabilitation facility.DiscussionMALA may be an underrecognized entity. A high level of clinical suspicion leading to prompt and aggressive treatment with RRT may improve mortality rates. Provider and patient education is of paramount importance for safe use of metformin.
Inactive nurses' willingness to return to active nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Lücker Petra , Henning Esther , Kästner Anika , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate factors that influence the willingness of inactive nurses to return to nursing in a crisis situation and to identify aspects that need to be considered with regard to a possible deployment.DesignA deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis of semi‐structured focus group interviews.MethodsSemi‐structured focus group interviews with inactive or marginally employed nurses, nurses who have been inactive for some time and nursing home managers in October and November 2021. The participating inactive nurses had declared their willingness for a deployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic or not. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsCommunication was seen as essential by the participants for an informed decision for or against a temporary return to nursing and to potential or actual deployments. To make them feel safe, inactive nurses need to know what to expect and what is expected of them, for example, regarding required training and responsibilities. Considering their current employment status, some flexibility in terms of deployment conditions is needed.A remaining attachment to care can trigger a sense of duty. Knowledge of (regular) working conditions in nursing can lead to both a desire to support former colleagues and a refusal to be exposed to these conditions again.ConclusionPast working experiences and the current employment situation play a major role in the willingness of inactive nurses to return to nursing in a crisis situation. Unbureaucratic arrangements must be provided for those who are willing to return.Summary Statement

What already is known ‐ In crisis situations, not every inactive nurse is willing or able to return to nursing and therefore, the ‘silent reserve’ may not be as large as suspected.

What this paper adds ‐ Inactive nurses need to know what to expect and what is expected of them for their decision regarding a return to active patient care during a crisis situation.

Implications for practice/policy – Inactive nurses need to be informed and should be offered free training and refresher courses to ensure patient safety.

ImpactThis research shows that the group of inactive nurses are not a silent workforce which can be activated anytime. Those who are able and willing to return to direct patient care in crisis situations need the best possible support – during and between crises.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to COREQ guidelines.No Patient or Public ContributionThe involvement of patients or members of the public did not apply for the study, as the aim was to gain insight into the motivations and attitudes of the group of inactive nurses.
The role of perceived organizational support for nurses' ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts: A mixed methods study
Authors: Skyvell Nilsson Maria , Gadolin Christian , Larsman Pernilla , Pousette Anders , Törner Marianne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts.DesignA mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews.MethodsA questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross‐lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory.ResultsA climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur.ConclusionIt is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve.Implications for the ProfessionBy ensuring a shared care ideology, good inter‐professional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful.ImpactThe study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and supportive organizational preconditions. This study contributes specific knowledge about how healthcare organizations can empower nurses to effectively resolve ethical value conflicts and thereby reduce their moral distress.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Evolutionary rescue under demographic and environmental stochasticity
Authors: Xu Kuangyi , Vision Todd J. , Servedio Maria R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Populations suffer two types of stochasticity: demographic stochasticity, from sampling error in offspring number, and environmental stochasticity, from temporal variation in the growth rate. By modelling evolution through phenotypic selection following an abrupt environmental change, we investigate how genetic and demographic dynamics, as well as effects on population survival of the genetic variance and of the strength of stabilizing selection, differ under the two types of stochasticity. We show that population survival probability declines sharply with stronger stabilizing selection under demographic stochasticity, but declines more continuously when environmental stochasticity is strengthened. However, the genetic variance that confers the highest population survival probability differs little under demographic and environmental stochasticity. Since the influence of demographic stochasticity is stronger when population size is smaller, a slow initial decline of genetic variance, which allows quicker evolution, is important for population persistence. In contrast, the influence of environmental stochasticity is population-size-independent, so higher initial fitness becomes important for survival under strong environmental stochasticity. The two types of stochasticity interact in a more than multiplicative way in reducing the population survival probability. Our work suggests the importance of explicitly distinguishing and measuring the forms of stochasticity during evolutionary rescue.
Abstract
Non-linear effects of interactions between demographic and environmental stochasticity on the survival probability during evolutionary rescue. This study shows how the effects of selection intensity and genetic variance on the population survival probability, as well as key factors in determining survival, differ during evolutionary rescue under demographic versus environmental stochasticity.
Morphological, histological and phylogenetic identification of three species ofMyxobolus(Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting different carp lineages in China
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tu Xiao , Gu Zemao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe global cultivation of common carpCyprinus carpiois developed primarily for either food or recreational purposes and myxosporean infections causing significant economic losses are regularly troublesome for carp farmers. However, most myxosporean species are poorly characterized, making it difficult to correctly elaborate on their parasitism mode and determine pathogenicity. Here, based on an integrative approach, we supplemented fundamental information on threeMyxobolusspecies infecting different carp lineages in China.Myxobolus elliptoidesWu et Chen, 1987; Nine new species of Myxosporida from freshwater fish of Wuhu lake, Hubei, China.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,11, 161 formed yellowish pseudocysts in the anal fin of common carp and were observed with ellipsoidal myxospores and two polar capsules of distinct dimensions. The dermal tissue within the fin ray was regarded as the type site for growing plasmodia ofM.elliptoides.Myxobolus basilamellarisLom et Molnar, 1983;Myxobolus basilamellarissp. n. (myxozoa, Myxosporea), a parasite of the gills of common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.).Folia Parasitologica,30, 1 aggregated ellipsoidal myxospores at the base of the gill filaments of koi carp juvenile, causing significant tissue damage.Myxobolus artusAchmerov, 1960, enwrapped in diffuse pseudocysts, was observed throughout the trunk muscle of mirror carp. Its oblate myxospores were asymmetrical and contained two unequal‐sized polar capsules. According to the localization of large plasmodia, inter‐ and intramuscular preferences were displayed byM. artus. For precise species identification, we provided the SSU rDNA sequences for each species ofMyxobolus. Among them,M. elliptoideswas molecularly characterized for the first time, showing the highest 94.21% identity toThelohanellus sinensis(KY469292). Phylogenetically, the affinity of bothM. artusandM. basilamellaristo their conspecific species derived from different carp lineages was highly supported. Moreover, the intermixed cluster ofMyxobolusspecies, includingM. elliptoides, with those ofThelohanellusspecies provided evidence for querying the monophyletic evolution history of these taxa. This work updates the appreciation of the concerned species and enhances our understanding of the parasite fauna of common carp.