bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial tandem duplication of MLL gene in acute myeloid leukemia with translocation (11;17)(q23;q12–21)
Authors: Yamamoto Shuichi , Nishi Masanori , Taniguchi Kazuto , Imayoshi Miyoko , Ogata Yoshiyasu , Iwanaga Manabu , Sakai Nana , Hamasaki Yuhei , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTranslocation 11q23 and MLL gene rearrangements are commonly observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in association with the myelomonocytic or monocytic feature. We describe a case involving a 15‐year‐old patient with AML characterized by leukemic cells exhibiting translocation (11;17)(q23;q12–21) and MLL gene rearrangement. No fusion partner gene of the MLL gene was identified, including RARα(17q12) or AF17 (17q21); however, a partial tandem duplication of the MLL exon 11/exon 10 was detected in leukemic cells via a 3′RACE method for detection of unknown partner genes. The patient has been in remission for more than 2 years without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:46–49, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rituximab‐induced acute liver failure after an allogeneic transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Qu Zhenhong , Hosing Chitra , Couriel Daniel , Donato Michele , Giralt Sergio , Champlin Richard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a well‐recognized complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and can affect up to 5% patients. Several recent case reports suggested the efficacy of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, in treating this condition. We report our experience with a 21‐year‐old female with accelerated‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a matched, unrelated donor. The patient developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia that failed to respond to steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasma exchange. She was then treated with rituximab that resulted in fatal acute liver toxicity. Am. J. Hematol. 80:43–45, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer immunotherapy targeting Sp17: When should the laboratory findings be translated to the clinics?
Authors: Dadabayev Alisher R. , Wang Zhiqing , Zhang Yana , Zhang Jian , Robinson William R. , Lim Seah H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDespite advances in chemotherapeutic agents, the prognosis for some cancers remains extremely poor, suggesting the need for other treatment modalities. Immunotherapy appears an ideal approach because the mechanisms of tumor cell killing induced by tumor vaccines are different from those from chemotherapy. Various investigations are ongoing to identify suitable targets for this purpose. Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) was originally identified by our group as a novel cancer‐testis antigen in various malignancies, including multiple myeloma. Sp17 is a highly immunogenic protein and the observation that more than 90% of vasectomized males develop immunity against Sp17 suggests the opportunity and safety of Sp17 for tumor vaccines. Recent works by other workers suggest a low level of expression of Sp17 in some normal tissues, and investigators have questioned whether Sp17 is in fact a suitable target for immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the general principles of immunotherapy and provide evidence supporting the highly immunogenic nature of Sp17. We also address the discrepancies between the objectives of oncologists involved in treating cancer patients and their familiarity with acceptable levels of toxicity of any effective therapy and those of pure laboratory‐based investigators. Finally, we present some early clinical data supporting the rationale for further investigations of Sp17 for tumor vaccines. Am. J. Hematol. 80:6–11, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and a novel mutation in CYBB: First report
Authors: Wolach Baruch , Ash Shifra , Gavrieli Ronit , Stark Batia , Yaniv Isaac , Roos Dirk 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report for the first time a child with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The diagnosis of CGD was made at the age of 4 months, by studies of his neutrophil functions. The superoxide production of the cells was negligible, as was the bactericidal activity. He was found to have a deficiency of the gp91phox subunit of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase, with the X‐linked inheritance of the disease. DNA analysis revealed a C nucleotide insertion between C1028 and T1029. This insertion has not been described before and causes a frameshift and a premature stop codon at amino‐acid position 347. The mother was found to be a carrier of this mutation. At the age of 16 months, the patient developed T‐cell ALL. He was treated for 2 years, and today, 10 years since the diagnosis, he is disease‐free. During the course of ALL and later, he suffered from recurrent severe pyogenic infections, but careful detection of the etiological agent and promptly instituted specific treatment resulted in his complete recovery. Although primary immune deficiencies have been reported to have an increased tendency to develop malignancies, until now there have been no reports of CGD patients with ALL. Am. J. Hematol. 80:50–54, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of polymorphisms on the MDR1 gene among Turkish population and their effects on multidrug resistance in acute leukemia patients
Authors: Kaya Pelin , Gündüz Ufuk , Arpaci Fikret , Ural Ali Uĝur , Guran Sefik 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMultidrug‐resistance (MDR) phenotype is a serious limitation to the effective chemotherapeutic treatment of many cancer types, including leukemia. One of the most important proteins, the over‐expression of which is responsible for the multidrug‐resistance phenotype in many cancer types, is P‐glycoprotein. This protein is the product of the MDR1 gene. In previous studies, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) C3435T, G2677T, and T‐129C in the MDR1 gene were shown to be correlated with lower P‐glycoprotein expression in normal tissues. It was suggested that this might have an advantage in cancer chemotherapy by resulting in a low drug‐resistance phenotype. The frequencies of these SNPs were studied in 45 acute leukemia patients (25 of which were primary refractory and 20 of which were drug‐sensitive) and 17 healthy individuals, forming a Turkish population of 62 individuals. In the first part of the study, these polymorphisms were compared with other populations. Marked differences were apparent between African and Turkish populations for the C3435T polymorphism. On the other hand, similarities were found between other Caucasian/Asian and Turkish populations (P < 0.001). However, for the G2677T polymorphism, the Turkish population is different than Japanese and German populations (P < 0.001). For the T‐129C polymorphism, all individuals in the studied population were homozygous for the T/T genotype. In the second part of this study, drug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive acute leukemia patients were compared for these SNPs. These polymorphisms did not seem to have a significant effect on P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug resistance in the patients studied. Am. J. Hematol. 80:26–34, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome in children with purpura fulminans: Report on 16 patients
Authors: Gürgey Aytemiz , Aytac Selin , Kanra Guler , Secmeer Gulten , Ceyhan Mehmet , Altay Cigdem 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurpura fulminans (PF) is a severe disorder of acute onset with high morbidity and mortality. In children, this rapidly progressive illness is usually associated with severe bacterial or viral infections. However, some other conditions may participate in the development of PF. Our objective was to investigate the underlying and associated disorders and the outcomes of the disease in 16 children, 7 males and 9 females ranging in age from 3.5 months to 12 years (median age, 2 years). Thirteen of the 16 children (81%) were 4 years of age or younger. The remaining 3 patients were 9, 10, and 12 years of age. Among these 13 infants and small children, 7 (43%) had infection, 2 infants had congenital cardiac disorders necessitating minor or major surgical intervention, and 1 infant and 3 children had different miscellaneous disorders. The factor V G1691A mutation was present in six of the 13 small children (46%). None of the 3 older children carried the mutation. Six (37.5%) of the 16 patients had protein C deficiencies, and 9 (56%) had protein S deficiencies. These deficiencies, except one for protein S, were acquired. Ten patients except two who were diagnosed at this center were treated with fresh frozen plasma. They were also given heparin. Nine (69%) of the 13 children 4 years of age or younger and one of the older children (33%) required amputation. Five of the six patients (83%) who had factor V G1691A mutation, and who also exhibited severe infection, required amputation. This study suggests that an age of 4 years or less is a risk factor for the development of PF during severe infections, especially in the presence of factor V G1691A mutation and congenital heart disease, necessitating major or minor surgical interventions. This study also shows that the amputation rate in 10 patients, after excluding the patients who had been referred to our center after development of sequelae, was 60%. The survival rate among these 10 patients may indicate that, with the treatment protocol, PF need not be regarded as a lethal disease any more. It is also suggested that effective immunization programs and better health care have probably resulted in some changes in the etiological profile of PF. Am. J. Hematol. 80:20–25, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summer class actions: U.S. and California Supreme Courts revisit arbitrability issues
Authors: Strickland Julia B. , Pearson Scott M. , Newman Stephen J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractJulia B. Strickland, Scott M. Pearson and Stephen J. Newman, of Los Angeles, review two summer arbitration rulings, one of which puts arbitrability back in front of the U.S. Supreme Court this fall.
Die Chemie organischer Nanomaterialien
Authors: Grimsdale Andrew C. , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDie Entwicklung der Nanotechnologie mit organischen Materialien schreibt eine der größten intellektuellen, aber auch kommerziellen Erfolgsgeschichten unserer Zeit. Fortschritte in der Synthesechemie und bei Methoden zur Untersuchung und Manipulation einzelner Moleküle und kleiner Molekül‐Ensembles brachten entscheidende Fortschritte im Bereich organischer Nanomaterialien hervor. Neue Erkenntnisse über die optischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften von Molekülen, die mit den Methoden der Einzelmolekül‐Spektroskopie und Rastersondenmikroskopie gewonnen wurden, bildeten die Grundlage für den Entwurf und die Synthese neuartiger molekularer und supramolekularer Systeme. Auch für die Anwendung solcher Materialien in optoelektronischen Bauelementen wurde nach Methoden gesucht, wobei Prototypen und Modelle nanoskaliger Funktionseinheiten vielfach beschrieben sind. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es aufzuzeigen, wie das gegenseitige Wechselspiel von Synthesechemie und Spektroskopie das Gebiet der organischen Nanomaterialien hin zum letztendlichen Ziel einer neuen Technologie führt.
The Chemistry of Organic Nanomaterials
Authors: Grimsdale Andrew C. , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe development of nanotechnology using organic materials is one of the most intellectually and commercially exciting stories of our times. Advances in synthetic chemistry and in methods for the investigation and manipulation of individual molecules and small ensembles of molecules have produced major advances in the field of organic nanomaterials. The new insights into the optical and electronic properties of molecules obtained by means of single‐molecule spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy have spurred chemists to conceive and make novel molecular and supramolecular designs. Methods have also been sought to exploit the properties of these materials in optoelectronic devices, and prototypes and models for new nanoscale devices have been demonstrated. This Review aims to show how the interaction between synthetic chemistry and spectroscopy has driven the field of organic nanomaterials forward towards the ultimate goal of new technology.
Adoption and diffusion of Encoded Archival Description
Authors: Yakel Elizabeth , Kim Jihyun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this article, findings from a study on the diffusion and adoption of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) within the U.S. archival community are reported. Using E. M. Rogers' (1995) theory of the diffusion of innovations as a theoretical framework, the authors surveyed 399 archives and manuscript repositories that sent participants to EAD workshops from 1993–2002. Their findings indicated that EAD diffusion and adoption are complex phenomena. While the diffusion pattern mirrored that of MAchine‐Readable Cataloging (MARC), overall adoption was slow. Only 42% of the survey respondents utilized EAD in their descriptive programs. Critical factors inhibiting adoption include the small staff size of many repositories, the lack of standardization in archival descriptive practices, a multiplicity of existing archival access tools, insufficient institutional infrastructure, and difficulty in maintaining expertise.
Zero valent iron as an electron‐donor for methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in anaerobic sludge
Authors: Karri Srilakshmi , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes , Field Jim A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractZero valent iron (ZVI) is a reactive media commonly utilized in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). Sulfate reducing bacteria are being considered for the immobilization of heavy metals in PRBs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of ZVI as an electron donor for sulfate reduction in natural mixed anaerobic cultures. The ability of methanogens to utilize ZVI as an electron‐donor was also explored since these microorganisms often compete with sulfate reducers for common substrates. Four grades of ZVI of different particle sizes (1.120, 0.149, 0.044, and 0.010 mm diameter) were compared as electron donor in batch bioassays inoculated with anaerobic bioreactor sludge. Methanogenesis was evaluated in mineral media lacking sulfate. Sulfate reduction was evaluated in mineral media containing sulfate and the specific methanogenic inhibitor, 2‐bromoethane sulfonate. ZVI contributed to significant increases in methane production and sulfate reductioncompared to endogenous substrate controls. The rates of methane formation or sulfate reduction were positively correlated with the surface area of ZVI. The highest rates of 0.310 mmol CH4 formed/mol Fe0·day and 0.804 mmol SO reduced/ mol Fe0·day were obtained with the finest grade of ZVI (0.01 mm). The results demonstrate that ZVI is readily utilized as a slow‐release electron donor for methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in anaerobic sludge; and therefore, has a promising potential in bioremediation applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative methods for developing Fc mutants with extended half‐lives
Authors: Kamei Daniel T. , Lao Bert J. , Ricci Margaret Speed , Deshpande Rohini , Xu Han , Tidor Bruce , Lauffenburger Douglas A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFc mutants with increased binding affinity for the neonatal receptor, FcRn, exhibit increased half‐lives in vivo, and represent an attractive means for extending the half‐lives of therapeutic antibodies. The half‐lives of other therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins) may also be extended by conjugating them to Fc fragments, thus decreasing the frequency of patient injections and allowing the administration of low and potentially nontoxic concentrations of the therapeutics. To investigate the possibility for further increasing the half‐life of Fc, a pair of quantitative methods is presented to complement combinatorial screening and in vivo testing. Specifically, a simple molecular modeling procedure was developed to predict relative Gibbs free energies of binding values (ΔΔGbind) between Fc and FcRn across different mutants and species. This procedure was found to reasonably reproduce experimental ΔΔGbind values from our experiments and the literature, and may be used as an initial screen to explore Fc sequence space more fully prior to experimental testing. In addition, a mathematical model of Fc trafficking was formulated and combined with a cell‐level pulse‐chase assay to obtain a quantitative recycling parameter in human T84 cells. This Fc recycling parameter was found to be correlated with binding affinity, but captures the pH dependent nature of the interaction between Fc and FcRn and may serve as an additional screen following combinatorial experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fermentation, purification, formulation, and pharmacological evaluation of a prolyl endopeptidase from Myxococcus xanthus: Implications for Celiac Sprue therapy
Authors: Gass Jonathan , Ehren Jennifer , Strohmeier Gregg , Isaacs Indu , Khosla Chaitan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCeliac Sprue is a multi‐factorial disease characterized by an inflammatory response to ingested wheat gluten and similar proteins in rye and barley. Proline‐rich gluten peptides from wheat, rye, and barley are relatively resistant to gastrointestinal digestion, and therefore persist in the intestinal lumen to elicit immunopathology in genetically susceptible individuals. In this study, we characterize the in vitro gluten detoxifying properties of a therapeutically promising prolyl endopeptidase from Myxococcus xanthus (MX PEP), and describe the development of a prototypical enteric‐coated capsule containing a pharmacologically useful dose of this enzyme. A high‐cell density fed‐batch fermentation process was developed for overproduction of recombinant MX PEP in E. coli, yielding 0.25–0.4 g/L purified protein. A simple, scalable purification and lyophilization procedure was established that yields >95% pure, highly active and stable enzyme as a dry powder. The dry powder was blended with excipients and encapsulated in a hard gelatin capsule. The resulting capsule was enteric coated using Eudragit L30‐D55 polymer coat, which provided sufficient resistance to gastric conditions (> 1 h in 0.01 M HCl, pH 2 with pepsin) and rapid release under duodenal conditions (15–30 min release in pH 6.0 in the presence of trypsin and chymotrypsin). In conjunction with pancreatic enzymes, MX PEP breaks down whole gluten into a product mixture that is virtually indistinguishable from that generated by the Flavobacterium meningosepticum (FM) PEP as judged by chromatographic assays. Competitive studies involving selected immunogenic peptides mixed with whole gluten reveal that both PEPs have a wide range of substrate specificity. Our results support further in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the MX PEP capsule as an oral therapeutic agent for Celiac Sprue patients. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic tradeoffs in the raft‐mediated entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into cells
Authors: Lim Kwang‐il , Yin John 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo initiate an infection human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) particles must first bind to receptors on the surface of their host cells, a process that eventually leads to fusion of viral and cellular membranes and release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these processes may enable the development of new anti‐HIV strategies. Disagreement currently prevails on the role in virus entry of microdomains within the cellular plasma membrane known as lipid rafts. Experiments have suggested that lipid rafts, in their interactions with cellular receptors and viral particles, either promote or have minimal effect on viral entry. Here we develop a dynamic model for HIV‐1 entry that enables us to identify and quantitatively assess tradeoffs that can arise from the clustering of receptors in rafts. Specifically, receptor clustering can be detrimental to the initiation of viral infection by reducing the probability that a virus particle finds its primary receptor, CD4. However, receptor clustering can also enable a virus particle, once bound, to rapidly form multivalent interactions with receptors and co‐receptors that are required for virus‐cell membrane fusion. We show how the resolution of such tradeoffs hinges on the level and spatial distribution of receptors and co‐receptors on the cell surface, and we discuss implications of these effects for the design of therapeutics that inhibit HIV‐1 entry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel reactive perstraction system based on liquid‐core microcapsules applied to lipase‐catalyzed biotransformations
Authors: Wyss A. , von Stockar U. , Marison I.W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA novel reactive perstraction system has been developed based on liquid‐core capsules, involving an enzyme‐catalyzed reaction coupled with simultaneous in situ product recovery. Lipase‐catalyzed reactions, hydrolysis of triprionin and nitrophenyl laurate, were selected to test the system and demonstrate the feasibility of immobilization of enzymes to the membranes of liquid‐core capsules and the ability to extract hydrophobic products of the reaction within the capsule core. The lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized to the microcapsules by adsorption and by covalent binding through activation with glutaraldehyde. In both cases improved temperature and operational stability were achieved. Both types of immobilization resulted in a basic shift of the pH optimum for activity, from 7.5 to 9.0. The presence of an organic phase within the capsule core allowed direct product separation and lead to a decrease in product inhibition of the lipase‐catalyzed reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic assay for the active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat tissues
Authors: Li Lie , Sheng Yu‐Xin , Zhang Jin‐Lan , Wang Shan‐Shan , Guo De‐An 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic method was used to determine the ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1 and Rd of Panax notoginseng in rat tissues (kidney, liver, heart, spleen and lung) after the administration of total saponins of P. notoginseng. The tissue samples were treated with solid‐phase extraction prior to HPLC. The calibration curves for the three saponins were linear in the given concentration ranges. The intra‐day and inter‐day assay coefficients in tissues were between 76 and 120% respectively. The recoveries of all the tissues were higher than 70%. This method was applied to evaluate the distribution of the three major saponins of P. notoginseng in rat tissues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics‐Based Amplification of RNA Function and Its Characterization by Using NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Al‐Hashimi Hashim M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe ever‐increasing cellular roles ascribed to RNA raise fundamental questions regarding how a biopolymer composed of only four chemically similar building‐block nucleotides achieves such functional diversity. Here, I discuss how RNA achieves added mechanistic and chemical complexity by undergoing highly controlled conformational changes in response to a variety of cellular signals. I examine pathways for achieving selectivity in these conformational changes that rely to different extents on the structure and dynamics of RNA. Finally, I review solution‐state NMR techniques that can be used to characterize RNA structural dynamics and its relationship to function.