bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital sharing and socialization in an interprofessional student-led clinic: a Bourdieuan analysis
Authors: Roberts Chris , Khanna Priya , Burgess Annette 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional student-led clinics offer authentic clinical experiences of collaborative patient care. However, theoretical research on the sustainability of these clinics, considering forms of capital beyond the economic, remains limited. This study addresses this gap by employing Bourdieu's theoretical framework to explore how alternative conceptions of capital; both social and cultural might sustain conditions for interprofessional working in a student-led clinic serving patients living with a chronic neurological impairment.

Methods
The teaching and learning focussed clinic was established in 2018 to mirror a clinical service. Semi-structured focus groups with participants involving 20 students from 5 professions and 11 patients gathered in-depth insights into their experiences within the clinic. A thematic analysis was guided by Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus, and capital.

Results
In the complex landscape of the student-led clinic, at the intersection of a patient support group, a hospital-based aged care facility, and university-based healthcare professions, three pivotal mechanisms emerged underpinning its sustainability: Fostering students’ disposition to interprofessional care, Capitalizing on collaboration and patient empowerment, and a Culture of mutual exchange of capital. These themes illustrate how students and patients specific dispositions towards interprofessional healthcare enriched their habitus by focusing on shared patient well-being goals. Diverse forms of capital exchanged by students and patients fostered trust, respect, and mutual empowerment, enhancing the clinic experience.

Conclusion
This study bridges an important gap in theoretically informed explorations of the conditions for sustaining student-led clinics, drawing on Bourdieu’s theory. It accentuates the significance of investment of diverse forms of capital in such clinics beyond the economic, whilst emphasizing a primary commitment to advancing interprofessional healthcare expertise. Recognizing patients as equal partners shapes clinic dynamics. In order for student clinics to thrive in a sustainable fashion, educators must shift their focus beyond solely maximizing financial resources. Instead, they should champion investments in a wider range of capital forms. This requires active participation from all stakeholders; faculties, patient partners, service providers, and students. These findings underscore the importance of investing in interprofessional learning by optimizing various forms of capital, and embracing patients as dynamic contributors to the clinic's sustainability.
Assessment of the quality of root canal fillings performed on extracted teeth by undergraduate dental students in a sample from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Madfa Ahmed A. , Almansour Moazzy I. , Al-Zubaidi Saad M. , Albaqawi Ahmed H. , Almeshari Saleh A. , Khawshhal Anas A. , Alshammari Rehab H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe educational process in the field of endodontics commences with preclinical exercises to enhance students’ proficiency in cleaning, shaping, and performing root canal fillings. Therefore, this study aimed to radiographically evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by preclinical students on extracted teeth at the College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA total of 788 extracted human teeth received root canal treatment by undergraduate students. The samples were then gathered and radiographically assessed using the three quality criteria of length, density, and taper. The category of root canal fillings was classified as either acceptable or unacceptable. The criteria for evaluating the acceptability of filling quality were defined based on the presence of adequate length, density, and taper. The effectiveness of root canal fillings was also evaluated in relation to the tooth type, sex, and treatment year. The agreement between the examiners was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa test, and the relationship between the research variables was determined using the chi-squared test. The significance threshold was set at 0. 05.ResultsThe overall quality of root filling was determined to be satisfactory in 532 (67.5%) of 788 endodontically treated extracted teeth. The majority of the research sample (88.1%) had enough length, 89.6% had adequate density, and 86.4% had acceptable taper. The quality of anterior teeth was substantially better than that of posterior teeth (p < 0.001). Our findings showed that the quality of root canals was better in 2022 than it had been in earlier years (p = 0.001). The three RCT quality criteria differed significantly when compared between sexes (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe quality of the root canal fillings completed by undergraduate students was rated as acceptable. The findings of the research suggest that the implementation of routine assessments to evaluate the technical competence of undergraduate dental students performing root canal treatments could provide significant insights into the efficacy of the curriculum requirements.
Prerequisites for entry to advanced nurse practitioner studies- a qualitative study of Norwegian nurse anesthetist students’ experiences
Authors: Aanderud-Larsen Cecilie , Østlien Sara , Leonardsen Ann-Chatrin Linqvist 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Nurse anesthesia is acknowledged as advanced practice nursing, and requires independency in patient monitoring and clinical decision-making. In Norway, 2022, a prerequisite to nurse anesthesia education programs of at least two years of clinical nursing experience prior to entry, was removed. The consequences of removing the prerequisite of clinical nursing experience prior to entering the nurse anesthetist education program on academic progression or on students’ qualifications after completion of the program remain unexplored. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to explore nurse anesthetist students’ experiences of the impact their previous clinical nursing experience had on their academic progression.

Methods
A qualitative design with semi-structured individual interviews was used. The sample consisted of 12 nurse anesthetist students at the end of the education program. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis in-line with recommendations from Braun & Clarke.

Results
Two main themes with in total six subthemes were identified, namely 1) Experience develops non-technical skills, with subthemes (a) feeling secure in task management, (b) recognizing different situations, (c) understanding my role in teamwork, and 2) Integration of non-technical and technical skills, with subthemes (a) possessing procedural competence, (b) taking responsibility in medication administration, and (c) including a patient-centred approach. Previous clinical experience as a nurse prior to entry to a NA education program had provided a basis of non-technical and technical competencies, that supported further learning and development of advanced level competencies that are needed for NAs.

Conclusion
Non-technical and technical nursing competence represented a solid base for achievement of anesthesia competence within the same areas, also ensuring patient-centred practice. Hence, the change in prerequisites to the NA education program must be followed by evaluations of consequences on students’ academic progress and competence at the end of the program, as well as a possible increased need for supervision throughout.
Making the most of malaria chemoprevention
Authors: Littmann Jasper , Achu Dorothy , Laufer Miriam K. , Karema Corine , Schellenberg David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of stalled progress in malaria control, it is surprising that the various forms of malaria chemoprevention are not more widely used. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended several malaria chemoprevention strategies, some of them for over a decade, and each with documented efficacy and cost effectiveness. In 2022, the WHO updated and augmented its malaria chemoprevention guidelines to facilitate their wider use. This paper considers new insights into the empirical evidence that supports the broader application of chemoprevention and encourages its application as a default strategy for young children living in moderate to high transmission settings given their high risk of severe disease and death. Chemoprevention is an effective medium-term strategy with potential benefits far outweighing costs. There is a strong argument for urgently increasing malaria chemoprevention in endemic countries.
The association of in-utero exposure to air pollution and atherogenic index of plasma in newborns
Authors: Seidkhani-Nahal Ali , Heydari Hafez , Tavakolian Ayoub , Najafi Moslem Lari , Miri Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and traffic was associated with the programming of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in early life. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between in-utero exposure to PMs and traffic indicators with the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in newborns, which is a precise index reflecting an enhancement of lipid risk factors for CVDs.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 300 mother-newborn pairs were enrolled in Sabzevar, Iran. Spatiotemporal land-use regression models were used to estimate the level of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 at the mother's residential address. The total length of streets in different buffers (100,300 and 500m) and proximity to major roads were calculated as indicators of traffic. The AIP of cord blood samples was calculated using an AIP calculator. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association of PM concentrations as well as traffic indicators with AIP controlled for relevant covariates.

Results
PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with higher levels of AIP in newborns. Each interquartile range (IQR) increment of PM2.5 concentration at the mothers' residential addresses was associated with a 5.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 10.6%, P = 0.04) increase in the AIP. Associations between PM1, PM10 and traffic indicators with cord blood level of AIP were positive but not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Our findings showed that in utero exposure to PM2.5 may be associated with CVDs programming through the increase of atherogenic lipids.
Comparison of liver resection and radiofrequency ablation in long-term survival among patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and high-quality propensity score-matched studies
Authors: Hu Lingbo , Lin Jiangying , Wang Aidong , Shi Xingpeng , Qiao Yingli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and liver resection (LR) are comparable treatments for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. We conducted this study to provide ample clinical evidence for the argument.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity score-matched (PSM) studies that compared long-term outcomes of both RFA and LR for patients with early-stage HCC. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated.

Results
Thirty-six studies consisting of six RCTs and 30 PSM studies were included in this study, and a total of 7384 patients were involved, with 3694 patients being treated with LR and 3690 patients with RFA. Meta-analysis showed that LR provided better OS and DFS than RFA (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13–1.31; HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.39–1.74, respectively). A sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable. For the subgroup of patients with BCLC 0 stage, RFA and LR resulted in similar OS and DFS. For the subgroup of patients with single tumor sizes less than 3 cm, RFA reached similar OS (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.90–1.58) but worse DFS compared with LR (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11–1.90). For the subgroup of ablation margin larger than 0.5 cm, LR still resulted in better OS than RFA (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09–1.53); while the ablation margin was larger than 1 cm, both RFA and LR resulted in similar OS. The modality of RFA was also a factor that affected results. Subgroup analysis showed that patients receiving ultrasound-guided RFA had worse OS and DFS than LR (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14–1.36; HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.25–1.66, respectively).

Conclusions
Meta-analysis showed that LR provided better OS and DFS for patients with early-stage HCC. However, RFA and LR had similar effects on long-term survival in patients with BCLC 0 stage HCC. RFA and LR probably had similar effects on OS in patients with solitary HCC less than 3 cm or when the ablation margin was larger than 1 cm which need more studies to confirm. The effects of different modalities of RFA on long-term survival are needed for further assessment.
Feminization of the health workforce in China: exploring gendered composition from 2002 to 2020
Authors: Li Mingyue , Raven Joanna , Liu Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Feminization of health workforce has been globally documented, but it has not been investigated in China. This study aims to analyze changes in the gendered composition of health workforce and explore the trend in different types of health workforce, health organizations and majors within China’s health system.

Methods
The data were collected from China Health Statistical Yearbook from 2002 to 2020. We focused on health professionals including doctors, nurses, and pharmacists in health organizations. Trend analysis was employed to examine the change in the ratio of female health workforce over 18 years. The estimated average annual percent change (AAPC) was estimated, and the reciprocals of variances for the female ratios were used as weights.

Results
In China, health professionals increased from 4.7 million in 2002 to 10.68 million in 2020. Health professionals per 1000 population increased from 3.41 in 2002 to 7.57 in 2020. The ratio of female health professionals significantly increased from 63.85% in 2002 to 72.4% in 2020 (AAPC = 1.04%, 95% CI 0.96–1.11%, P < 0.001). Female doctors and pharmacists increased 4.7 and 7.9 percentage points from 2002 to 2020. Female health workers at township health centers, village clinics, centers for disease control and prevention had higher annual increase rate (AAPC = 1.67%, 2.25% and 1.33%, respectively) than those at hospital (0.70%) and community health center (0.5%). Female doctors in traditional Chinese medicine, dentistry and public health had higher annual increase rate (AAPC = 1.82%, 1.53% and 1.91%, respectively) than female clinical doctor (0.64%).

Conclusions
More women are participating in the healthcare sector in China. However, socially lower-ranked positions have been feminizing faster, which could be due to the inherent and structural gender norms restricting women’s career. More collective and comprehensive system-level actions will be needed to foster a gender-equitable environment for health workforce at all levels.
Effectiveness of the Walking in ScHools (WISH) Study, a peer-led walking intervention for adolescent girls: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Murphy Marie H. , O’Kane S. Maria , Carlin Angela , Lahart Ian M. , Doherty Leanne C. , Jago Russell , McDermott Gary , Faulkner Maria , Gallagher Alison M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Most adolescent girls fail to meet current physical activity guidelines. Physical activity behaviours track from childhood into adulthood and providing adolescent girls with opportunities to be physically active may have health benefits beyond childhood. The effects of walking interventions on adult cardiometabolic health are known, however less is understood about the potential of walking to promote physical activity in adolescents. Following the Walking In ScHools (WISH) feasibility study, this definitive trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, low-cost, school-based walking intervention at increasing physical activity levels of adolescent girls (aged 12–14 years).

Methods
Female pupils were recruited from eighteen schools across the border region of Ireland and in Northern Ireland. In intervention schools (n = 9), girls aged 15–18 years, were trained as walk leaders, and led the younger pupils in 10–15 min walks before school, at break and lunch recess. All walks took place in school grounds and pupils were encouraged to participate in as many walks as possible each week. The primary outcome measure was accelerometer determined total physical activity (counts per minutes, cpm).

Results
In total, 589 pupils were recruited to the study. At baseline, pupils engaged in a median (interquartile range (IQR)) 35.7 (21.2) mins moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and only 12% (n = 66) of participants met physical activity guidelines (60 min MVPA per day). The intervention was delivered for a mean (standard deviation (SD)) 19.9 ± 0.97 weeks. The mean post-intervention total physical activity for the intervention group was 676 cpm and 710 cpm in the control group. Post-intervention total physical activity did not statistically differ between groups when adjusted for age, body mass index z-scores and baseline physical activity (mean difference, -33.5, 95% CI = -21.2 to 88.1; p = 0.213).

Conclusions
‘Scaling-up’ physical activity interventions is challenging and despite a promising feasibility study, the results of this fully powered trial suggest that in this context, the WISH intervention did not increase device measured physical activity. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, school environments have changed and although pupils enjoyed the programme, attendance at walks was low, indicating that there is a need to better understand how to implement interventions within schools.

Trial registration
ISRCTN; ISRCTN12847782; Registered 2nd July 2019.
Trauma systems in Asian countries: challenges and recommendations
Authors: Bagaria Dinesh , Ratnayake Amila S. , Madrid Aireen , Worlton Tamara J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Trauma burden is one of the leading causes of young human life and economic loss in low- and middle-income countries. Improved emergency and trauma care systems may save up to 2 million lives in these countries.

Method
This is a comprehensive expert opinion participated by 4 experts analyzing 6 Asian countries compiling the most pressing trauma care issues in Asia as well as goal directed solutions for uplifting of trauma care in these countries.

Result
Lack of legislation, stable funding under a dedicated lead agency is a major deterrent to development and sustainment of trauma systems in most Asian countries. While advocating trauma, critical care as a specialty is a key event in the system establishment, Trauma specialized training is challenging in low resource settings and can be circumvented by regional cooperation in creating trauma specialized academic centers of excellence. Trauma quality improvement process is integral to the system maturity but acquisition and analysis of quality data through trauma specific registries is the least developed in the Asian setting.
Malaria epidemics associated with low net use in preadolescent and young adult population in Dielmo (Senegal), a malaria pre-elimination area
Authors: Wotodjo Amélé Nyedzie , Doucoure Souleymane , Diagne Nafissatou , Sarr Fatoumata Diene , Sokhna Cheikh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The epidemic rebounds observed in 2010 and 2013 in Dielmo, a Senegalese village, during a decade (2008–2019) of universal coverage using a long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) strategy could have contributed to the resurgence of malaria. Thus, this study was undertaken to understand the implications of net ownership and use on malaria rebound events.

Methods
A longitudinal study was carried out in Dielmo with 11 years of LLIN implementation from July 2008 to June 2019 with successive net renewals in 2011, 2014, 2016 and 2019. Quarterly cross-sectional surveys were performed to assess LLIN ownership and use by different age groups in the population. In addition, malaria incidence and transmission were assessed during the study period.

Results
Ownership of LLINs decreased significantly from 88% in the 1st year of net implementation to 70% during the first malaria upsurge and 72% during the second upsurge while net use decreased significantly from 66% during the 1st year to 58% during the first malaria upsurge and 53% during the second upsurge.
Among young adults aged 15–29 years, net use decreased significantly from the 2nd year (51%) of net use to reach 43% during the first malaria upsurge and only 32% use during the second malaria upsurge. During the second malaria upsurge, net use was significantly lower among older children aged 10–14 years old than during the 1st year of net use (p < 0.001). During the first and the second malaria upsurges, the malaria incidence was significantly higher among children aged 10–14 years old (0.4 attacks per person-year) and young adults aged 15–29 years old (0.3 and 0.4 attacks per person, respectively) than during that the 1st year of net implementation (only 0.02 attacks per person-year for 10–14 year olds and 0.04 for 15–29 year olds; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The first malaria upsurge occurred following a progressive decrease in net use after the 2nd year of their implementation with an important increase in malaria incidence among older children while the second malaria upsurge was significantly associated with the decrease of net use among older children and young adults. The regular use of nets in all age groups prevented the occurrence of a third malaria upsurge in Dielmo.

Graphical Abstract