bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Organization as a Market Economy
Authors: Ackoff Russell L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Problems Created by Nonmarket Economies Today, a number of countries are trying to convert from a centrally planned and centrally controlled economy to a market economy. Not one national economy that is centrally planned and controlled has ever attained as high a level of economic development as has been attained by national market economies. Of course, not every national market economy has flourished, but every national economy that has flourished has been a market economy. Therefore, for nations, a market economy appears to be necessary though not sufficient to attain a high level of economic development.
The Multidimensional Organization
Authors: Ackoff Russell L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because American corporations are now in a rapidly changing environment, they reorganize frequently. In fact, some appear to reorganize continuously. A great deal of time and energy are consumed in this process. In addition, the possibility of layoffs often associated with reorganization is very unsettling and frequently leads to decreased productivity. Little wonder, then, that reorganization is usually resisted, especially at the lower levels of an organization, where its effects are usually greatest.
Suffixaufnahme in Hurrian: Normal Cases and Special Cases
Authors: Wegner Ilse 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of Suffixaufnahme-the repetition of the number and case marking of the head noun on the attributive noun in the genitive case-has been on record since Hurrian first began to be investigated. It is commonly regarded as a peculiarity of Hurrian and as one of the most characteristic features of this agglutinative and exclusively suffixing language of the Ancient Near East (cf. Speiser 1941: 201).
Possessive and Relational Forms in Chukchi
Authors: Koptjevskaja-Tamm Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the morphology and syntax of two nominal forms in Chukchi, the Possessive (1) and the Relational (2). These forms, which are mainly used as adnominal attributes and thus correspond to European genitives, optionally agree with their head in case, as in (1a) and (2a), or in number, as in (1b) and (2b).
Embarrassment as Pride: Narrative Resourcefulness and Strategies of Normativity Among Cretan Animal-Thieves
Authors: Herzfeld Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The phrase “honor among thieves” suggests the paradox faced not only by thieves, but by all those (e.g., anarchists) whose principled defiance of the norms of an encompassing society requires that they, too, develop their own forms of normativity: ethical rules of conduct, organizational coherence, and social predictability. These “alternative normativities” generate modes of excuse-making that ironically echo the standardized pieties of the encompassing order. Linguistic clues provide the rhetorical armament for these tecnhiques of legitimation.
Detective Stories at Dinnertime Problem Solving Through Co-Narration
Authors: Ochs Elinor , Smith Ruth C , Taylor Carolyn E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay, we focus on storytelling as a problem-solving discourse activity. Our concern is the interface of cognitive and social activity, as outlined in Vygotskian theory (Vygotsky 1978, 1981; Wertsch 1985; Rogoff and Lave 1984) and displayed in the context of everyday family dinnertime talk. Our research base consists of 20 white, English-speaking, American families, varying in social class, whom we visited on two evenings for several hours, video- and audio-recording them as they ate dinner, relaxed, and put their children to bed.
“We Want to Borrow Your Mouth”: Tzotzil Marital Squabbles
Authors: Haviland John B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If marriage is (social) order, then marital breakdown is disorder, and divorce a kind of reordering. “Order,” in this triple metaphor, is a semiotic notion, that is, it is not a neutral description of an objective state of affairs, but a property found (or sought) in events and arrangements, attributed to behavior and protagonists (who may also be faulted for its absence, for “disorderliness”), and, often, enforced (by interpreters) on outcomes and consequences. A potent device for producing this kind of order-or for undermining or usurping it-istalk.
Good Food For Bad Stomachs
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are a culture increasingly obsessed with food and health, and with the possible relationship between the two. Yet everywhere we look we see conflicting opinions and advice about the role of food in health. We are inundated by books, T.V. specials, magazine and newspaper articles - so much so that people have begun to ignore today’s recommendations of health experts, knowing that today’s fad will be gone tomorrow. In Good Food for Bad Stomachs, Dr, Henry Janowitz shares this healthy skepticism about some of these news stories and sets out to make sense of the many research reports and claims, to sort out fact from opinion, and to suggest a sensible diet for those of us who have gastorintestinal complaints and for those of us who do not. He asks two central questions which shape the content and spirit of the book: Is there an “ideal” diet and is there a consensus on what the “ideal” diet might contain? And most important to his patients, what do we know about the role of our eating habits in preventing, causing, and treating the many disorders which plague our gastrointestinal tract and its associated digestive glands—the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas? Dr. Janowitz does believe we are what we eat, and the good news is that we can prevent many of our modern diseases by adhering to simple guidelines that are built on solid evidence and the insights of a master clinician who has spent a lifetime listening, treating, and healing patients.
The Ulcer Ensemble
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let’s start with the upper intestinal tract and consider its in flammatory and ulcerative disorders: heartburn and peptic esophagitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, and gastritis. I begin here not only because the problems originate in the first portion of the gastrointestinal tract, but because they probably represent the largest group of disorders from which we suffer.
Diverticula, Diverticulosis, And Diverticulitis
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I want to address the role of diet in preventing and treating those curious little pouches that can occur along the gastrointestinal tract, mostly in the colon, that are at times painful, and that sometimes can cause serious complications. I’ll have a word to say as well about those pouches that cluster in the small intestine, particularly the jejunum.
A Cross-Linguistic Study of Romance and Arbëresh Causatives
Authors: Guasti Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Languages vary in the way of expressing causative constructions. There are languages that have morphological causatives. These are obtained by combining a verb root that expresses some event with a bound morpheme—the causative affix—to form a morphologically complex verb (cf. Baker 1988; Comrie 1985, among others). Other languages have analytical causatives. Unlike the preceding case, the causative verb and the verb expressing the caused event are morphologically distinct.
The Theory of Syntactic Focalization Based on a Subcategorization Feature of Verbs
Authors: Jo Mi-Jeung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A phenomenon such as scrambling is a diagnostic of nonconfigurationality. It is implied that scrambling is responsible for some degree of ‘flat’ structure (Hale, 1982). Languages with scrambling such as Korean and Hungarian also exhibit movement to configurationally arranged A’-positions such as Topic and Focus positions. Since syntactic Focusing uniformly requires immediate adjacency to a verb, the former precedes and is hierarchically higher than the latter (cf. Horvath (1981), E. Kiss (1981) and Jo (1986)). This configurational phenomenon in the so-called ‘nonconfigurational’ languages has invited various accounts.
Focus in Quechua
Authors: Muysken Pieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study is a first attempt to analyze what is known about focus in Quechua within the perspective of recent views of clause structure as a layered set of functional projections. The primary data will be drawn from the varieties of Quechua spoken in south-central Peru, such as Ayacucho and Cuzco, although I refer to studies of other varieties such as Huanuco Quechua (Weber (1989)) as well.
Grant and Eisenhower
Authors: Ambrose Stephen E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
General/President George Washington stood first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen. In the nineteenth century, only General/President Ulysses S. Grant came close to such a pinnacle. In the twentieth century, it was General/President Dwight D. Eisenhower who came closest. Washington, Grant, and Eisenhower commanded the largest armies their country had ever put into the field in the biggest wars their country had ever fought. Washington, Grant, and Eisenhower served two terms as President of the United States, and they accomplished their major political objectives. Washington built a nation, established precedents, and healed wounds; his task was to bring together a country that had just fought what was as much a civil war as a war for independence. Grant had to bind up a nations’ wounds and bring Southerners back into the body politic after a terrible civil war. Eisenhower also had to bind up wounds after the upheavals of World War II and the Korean War, and bring the Germans back into the community of Western Civilization.
Gendering Two Wars
Authors: Campbell D’Ann , Jensen Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Family, gender, and death were inextricably bound up in what it meant to be a soldier in the Civil War and World War II. This essay will look at some aspects of family and gender roles, with special emphasis on how soldiers were tied to their families, especially their womenfolk, and how in tum the families and women related to the war, and to the threat of death. Private versus public was the classic tension in the lives of American women. But the patriotic demands of wartime highlighted the tension and added new dimensions as well.
To Preserve a Nation: Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt as Wartime Diplomatists
Authors: Jones Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Difficult as it is to believe, historians have only recently begun to focus on the wartime diplomacy of Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Indeed, the international threat faced by Lincoln has still received remarkably little attention. The most extensive treatment of Lincoln as diplomatist remains Jay Monaghan’s beautifully crafted 1945 study, Diplomat in Carpet Slippers: Abraham Lincoln Deals with Foreign Affairs; but this work rests on thin archival research and, of course, lacks the insights afforded by the literature published in the last fifty years. Roosevelt’s diplomacy has been the subject of much more scholarly work.
Analysis of Results: The Effects of Literacy and Maturation
Authors: Ravid Dorit Diskin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the test hypotheses underlying the structured test against the results described in 2.2 above. In general, I hypothesized that the amount of both Appropriate and Normative responses should rise with age; that there would nonetheless be a disparity between the amount of Normative responses given by high-SES and low-SES speakers of the same age; that certain deviations should characterize specific sections of the population; and that children would approach the task differently than adults, but that their strategies would be somewhat similar to those employed by older low-SES subjects.
Boundaries, Compartments, and Markets: Paradoxes of Industrial Relations in Growth Pole Regions of France, Italy, and the United States
Authors: Storper Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For much of the twentieth century, the impact of industrial relations on economic efficiency has been associated, whether implicitly or explicitly, with those who criticize unions in particular and worker protections in general as fetters on the optimal level of ongoing adjustment in the economy. Yet in recent years there has been a growing awareness that certain forms of institutionalized worker protections and unionism are associated with superior competitiveness, with examples frequently drawn from success stories in countries such as Germany or Japan, and even occasionally the United States (Freeman and Medoff, 1984; Sorge and Streeck, 1988; Dore, 1987; Koike, 1984). There is a sense that in certain countries the existence of highly institutionalized labor markets has something to do with a dynamic of self selection into high-value-added, highly competitive economic activities, and that industrial relations are a central element of the institutional structure.
Introduction
Authors: Franks Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter establishes the theoretical background for the problems in Slavic syntax to be examined in the subsequent chapters. I begin by surveying the general concepts of Government and Binding (GB) theory. A brief presentation of the principles of abstract case as embodied in GB theory follows, establishing the background for the formalism for representing and assigning morphological case proposed in chapter 2. Generative grammar holds that the projection problem can be solved by postulating a sufficiently rich and specific language faculty. That is, there is a complex and dedicated system1 that enables children eventually to acquire a mature grammar solely on the basis of exposure to an unstructured and unreliable fragment of the adult language. It is this deficiency in the primary linguistic data that leads linguists to conclude that “much of the child’s final ability is determined by genetically encoded principles, which are triggered or activated by environmental stimulus” (Hornstein and Lightfoot, 1981, 13).
Secondary Predication
Authors: Franks Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with specific issues related to the syntax of secondary predicates in Slavic.1 Its primary goals are (1) to examine the conditions affecting case agreement between secondary predicates and their antecedents, and (2) to develop an account of the case that arises when agreement is blocked. Section 6.1 introduces the various types of predicate adjectives that exist in Russian and that will figure in subsequent discussion in the chapter. These differ in terms of the case they bear when they for some reason fail to agree; one particular problem to be addressed in detail is the form of the Russian semipredicatives odin ‘one’ and sam ‘alone’, whose non-agreement case is the so-called second dative, a term due to Comrie (1974). In section 6.2 it will be proposed that an appropriate solution should be formulated in terms of control theory, and that agreement is possible only when the understood PRO subject of an infinitival clause is lexically governed. Section 6.3 attempts to explain the second dative in the same way as dative subjects of infinitives, that is, by invoking a marked phrase structural case assignment strategy.
Police For The Future
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Police for the Future analyses what the police are accomplishing in modern democratic countries and whether changes are needed. It argues that the police are failing to provide the protection against crime that the public so desperately wants. It assesses the impediments to effective crime prevention, describes the most promising reforms being tried by police, and analyses the choices modern societies have with respect to creating truly effective police forces. Based on extensive research in Australia, Britain, Canada, Japan, and the United States, it addresses four specific questions: (1) Are the police preventing crime? (2) Why are they not? (3) What changes could make them more successful? and (4) What reforms would produce a more effective crime-prevention police? Bayley analyses these questions in a style accessible to laypersons and specialists concerned about contemporary crime and criminal justice.
Introduction
Authors: Lobeck Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ECP is taken in current versions of government-binding theory to be a ‘licensing’ condition, a general syntactic constraint that restricts the distribution of empty categories. Empty categories are also subject to ‘identification’ conditions, conditions through which their referential content is recovered. While it has been widely argued that traces are subject to the ECP, it has been a subject of some debate as to whether pro also is. We might expect this to be the case, however, if the ECP is truly a universal principle.
Ellipsis in Government-Binding Theory
Authors: Lobeck Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Compare and contrast Chomsky’s (1986b) ‘barriers’ theory with Rizzi’s (1990) theory of ‘Relativized Minimality.’ I show that of the two, only Rizzi’s (1990) theory can be extended, with a minimum of theoretical expense, to express the conditions under which both empty pronominal and non-pronominal categories are licensed and identified. Also, it is only in his theory that ‘nonlexical,’ or ‘functional’ categories, including COMP and INFL, are included in the class of potential proper head-governors without extra stipulation.
Strong Agreement, Licensing, and Identification
Authors: Lobeck Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We saw in the previous chapter that the empty categories that arise from VP Ellipsis, ellipsis in NP, and Sluicing are best analyzed as non-arbitrary, non-NP pro, identified through reconstruction. Non-arbitrary NP pro, on the other hand, is licensed under proper head-government, and identified through association with strong agreement features. We expect ellipted categories to also be licensed under proper head-government, assuming that the ECP is a universal principle. In this chapter I discuss the phrase structure of ellipsis, and show that ellipted categories can be analyzed as properly head-governed only by adopting a theory of phrase structure which incorporates both the lexical categories N, V, A, and P, and the functional categories COMP, INFL, and DET.
Ellipsis in German and French Noun Phrases: The Ellipsis Identification Parameter
Authors: Lobeck Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We expect the licensing and identification conditions on ellipsis in English noun phrases motivated in Chapter Three to extend cross-linguistically, under the assumption that such conditions are universals rather than language particular principles. In this chapter I show that this claim can in fact be substantiated for both German and French noun phrases, though the agreement systems in noun phrases in these languages differ in certain ways from English. We also find that in these languages there is reason to believe that definite noun phrases are best analyzed as DP, with indefinite noun phrases as NUMP.
Zionism and the Creation of a New Society
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Israel is a modern state whose institutions were clearly shaped by an ideological movement. The declaration of independence in 1948 was an immediate expression of the fundamental Zionist idea: it gave effect to a plan advocated by organized Zionists since the 1880s for solving the Jewish Problem. Thus, major Israeli political institutions, such as the party structure, embody principles and practices that were followed in the World Zionist Organization. In this respect, Israel is similar to other new states whose political institutions directly derive from the nationalist movements that won their independence. History and social structure are inseparably joined; the contemporary social problems of the new state are clearly rooted in its history, while the shape of its future is being decided by the very policies through which it is trying to solve these problems. At the same time, there are many unique aspects to the birth of Israel. The problem to be solved by acquiring sovereignty in Israel (and establishing a free Jewish society there) was the problem of a people living in exile. The first stage, therefore, was to return to the people a homeland to which they were intimately attached, not only in their dreams but in the minute details of their ways of life. This important book studies the birth of the State of Israel and analyzes the elaborately articulated and variegated ideological principles of the Zionist movement that led to that birth. It examines conflicting pre-state ideals and the social structure that emerged in Palestine’s Jewish community during the Mandate period. In particular, Zionism and the Creation of a New Society reflects upon Israel’s existence as both a state and a social structure--a place conceived before its birth as a means of solving a particular social malady: the modern Jewish Problem. Jehuda Reinharz and the late Ben Halpern carefully trace the development of the Zionist idea from its earliest expressions up to the eve of World War II, setting their study against a broad background of political and social development throughout Europe and the Middle East.
Introduction
Authors: Senft Gunter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kilivila (also known as Kiriwina and Boyowa) is one of the 40 Austronesian languages spoken in the area of Milne Bay Province in Papua New Guinea. It belongs to the “Papuan Tip Cluster” (Capell 1976:6, 9; Ross 1988:25-27), and typologically is classified as having verb-object-subject (VOS) word order (G. Senft 1986:107-112). The Kilivila language family comprises Budibud (also known as Nada), Muyuw (also known as Muma), and Kilivila. Kilivila has about 25,000 speakers, most of whom live on the Trobriand Islands.
The Collect as a Form of Discourse
Authors: Ferguson Charles A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linguists and grammarians through the centuries have generally regarded a grammar as a characterization of the possible (i.e., grammatical, pronounceable, writable) utterances of a particular language. Sometimes this aim has been reduced, as when a linguist has tried to characterize only a limited corpus; sometimes it has been expanded, as when a linguist has tried to characterize a set of dialects or languages by the same grammar. Recently the notion of grammar has been consciously extended, in a direction sometimes implicitly suggested in the past, to a characterization of the utterances appropriate or acceptable under various sociolinguistic, psychological, or communicative conditions. No matter which of these views is taken, the linguist faces the same crucial question. What is the locus of the grammar; exactly what is this “language” which he is characterizing? The problem of how to define a language as opposed to a dialect or a family of languages is an old one which remains inadequately resolved (see, for example, Ferguson and Gumperz, 1960, or many other treatments), but it will not be examined here.
Genre and Register: One Path to Discourse Analysis
Authors: Ferguson Charles A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two powerful tools of analysis and understanding available to the student of human language are the analysis of types of discourse and the analysis of how language varies depending on the occasions of its use. The former, the study of discourse types, is what is traditionally called “genre analysis.” The latter, the study of language variation by use, is referred to by some as “register analysis.” The purposes of this paper are to clarify the methods of genre analysis and register analysis and to suggest that they are two aspects of a sociolinguistically oriented discourse analysis that offers a major approach to the study of human language.