bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of CD21 antigen in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and its clinical significance
Authors: Otsuka Masaki , Yakushijin Yoshihiro , Hamada Makoto , Hato Takaaki , Yasukawa Masaki , Fujita Sigeru 
Published: November 2004

SummaryRecent advances in immunological and molecular technology have prompted proposals to change tumour classification and treatment strategies. Cell surface antigens are now easy to access, and tumour origins and clinical characteristics are now readily identifiable. However, in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one of the heterogeneous forms of haematological malignancy, the clinical significance of tumour surface antigens has not been well documented. We analysed the tumour surface antigens of 50 tumours from newly diagnosed DLBCL patients by flow cytometry in accordance with their clinical characteristics and followed the patients for a median 3·7 years. Statistical analysis showed that CD21 expression was significantly negatively associated with mortality in DLBCL (CD21 negative versus positive; relative risk = 2·36, P < 0·05). As a result of these clinical observations, we generated CD21‐overexpressed (CD21+) lymphoma cell lines after gene transfection and analysed tumour cell growth in vivo in immunocompromised mice. Mice challenged with vector‐only transfectants and parental cells as controls died within 50 d. In contrast, mice injected with CD21+ transfectants exhibited significantly reduced tumour growth and 83% survived long term (versus control groups; P < 0·05). Interestingly, all established CD21+ transfectants (six clones from different bulks) showed homotypic aggregation during in vitro cell culture, and anti‐CD21 antibodies did not block this aggregation. Expression of CD21 is strongly associated with increased survival in DLBCL in vivo. CD21 expression may be indirectly concerned with the expression of additional cell adhesion molecules.
Clonogenicity, gene expression and phenotype during neutrophil versus erythroid differentiation of cytokine‐stimulated CD34+human marrow cellsin vitro
Authors: Edvardsson Louise , Dykes Josefina , Olsson Martin L. , Olofsson Tor 
Published: November 2004

SummaryWith the objective to correlate clonogenicity, gene expression and phenotype during differentiation, human bone marrow CD34+cells were culturedin vitroto stimulate erythroid or neutrophil development, and sorted into five subpopulations according to their surface expression of CD15/CD33 and blood group antigen A/CD117 respectively. Sorted cells were cultured in methylcellulose and analysed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for expression of neutrophil and erythroid marker genes. Surface expression of CD15 coincided with restriction to neutrophil/monocyte differentiation and A antigen with restriction to erythroid differentiation. GATA‐2 mRNA was down‐regulated during both neutrophil and erythroid maturation, whereas GATA‐1, SCL, ABO, erythropoietin receptor, Kell, glycophorin A,β‐globin andα‐haemoglobin stabilizing protein were up‐regulated during erythroid differentiation and silenced during neutrophil differentiation. CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP)‐α, PU.1, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor receptor, PR3, C/EBP‐ɛand lactoferrin were sequentially expressed during neutrophil differentiation but rapidly down‐regulated during the early erythroid stages. Nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2 (NF‐E2) and glycophorin C were expressed both during neutrophil and erythroid differentiation. Our data support the notion of early expression of several lineage‐associated genes prior to actual lineage commitment, defined by surface expression of CD15 and A antigen as markers for definitive neutrophil/monocyte and erythroid differentiation respectively. Previous findings, primarily from cell lines and mouse models, have been extended to adult human haematopoiesis.
Failure to normalize parathyroid hormone during treatment of vitamin D deficiency in Asian patients
Authors: Peacey Steven R. , Wright Dianne , Harries Matthew J. 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective  Vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia remain commonplace within the Asian community in Bradford. The treatment of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia is cheap and effective, but there are few data on long‐term outcomes. Studies have suggested that a minority of patients fail to normalize parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels during therapy with vitamin D. This study aimed to determine what proportion of Asian patients with vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism normalize PTH levels following therapy with oral vitamin D and to examine reasons for failure to normalize PTH.design  This study examined the impact of an oral regimen of vitamin D 800 i.u. (20 micrograms) and calcium 1000 mg daily, on PTH levels within an endocrinology outpatient clinic.patients  51 (4M:47F) Asian patients, median age 39 years (range 16–77 years) with vitamin D deficiency (25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 25 nmol/l) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH > 5·7 pmol/l).measurements  All patients had at least one follow‐up measurement of PTH and calcium during treatment. A subgroup of patients gave consent for examination of GP‐prescribing records to indirectly asses adherence to therapy.results  PTH normalized in only 28/51 (55%) patients (group N) and failed to normalize in 23/51 (45%) patients (group F). Baseline patient characteristics including: age, basal serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), basal serum PTH, basal serum calcium and post treatment serum calcium, were similar in groups N and F. Mild hypercalcaemia occurred in only two (3·9%) patients. The proportion of prescriptions collected by patients in group N was 75 (17–100)% and in group F was 17 (0–100)%, P < 0·0001.conclusions  This study has demonstrated that long‐term oral treatment with vitamin D and calcium, fails to normalize PTH in a significant proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia. This is most likely related to lack of adherence to long‐term treatment. Improved ways of treating this condition need to be explored.
Long‐term follow‐up study of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism
Authors: Metso Saara , Jaatinen Pia , Huhtala Heini , Luukkaala Tiina , Oksala Heikki , Salmi Jorma 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective  To determine the cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism during long‐term follow‐up in patients treated for hyperthyroidism by radioactive iodine 131I (RAI) therapy, the significance of clinical factors in predicting the development of hypothyroidism, and the outcome after a fixed 7 mCi (259 MBq) dose of RAI.design  Prospective cohort study of patients treated for hyperthyroidism by RAI.patients and measurements  Since 1965, details on 2043 patients treated by RAI therapy in Tampere University Hospital were entered into a computerized register. Following RAI treatment, thyroid status was monitored every 1–3 months during the first year, and subsequently at 1–3‐year intervals until June 2002 or until the patient died or moved out of the Tampere University Hospital district.results  The cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease and toxic multinodular goitre at 1, 10 and 25 years was 24%vs. 4%, 59%vs. 15% and 82%vs. 32%, respectively. In a Cox regression model, previous partial thyroidectomy [risk ratio (RR) = 1·63 in patients with Graves’ disease and RR = 1·59 in those with toxic multinodular goitre] and age at the first RAI treatment (RR = 0·998 and RR = 0·996 per year) were statistically significantly associated with the development of hypothyroidism both in patients with Graves’ disease and in those with toxic multinodular goitre. Antithyroid medication preceding RAI therapy (RR = 0·47) decreased and female gender (RR = 1·53) increased the risk of hypothyroidism only in patients with Graves’ disease. Administration of a single dose of RAI resulted in the control of hyperthyroidism in 75% of patients, while two to six RAI treatments were needed in 25% of patients to achieve either a hypothyroid or a euthyroid state in both groups. None of the clinical factors studied was associated with the remission rate either in patients with Graves’ disease or in those with toxic multinodular goitre. The remission rate did not differ between the patients who received a dose of RAI calculated according to the uptake of RAI and thyroid size and those who received an empirical dose of RAI. The fixed 7 mCi (259 MBq) dose of RAI cured 80% of patients.conclusion  RAI treatment is effective in treating hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease, but hypothyroidism will develop in 82% of patients in 25 years. Because the development of hypothyroidism seems to be inevitable and unpredictable by any clinical factors, the objective of RAI treatment should be to minimize the persistence of hyperthyroidism with the simplest possible form of treatment. We recommend a fixed 7 mCi dose of RAI to be used as the first empirical dose in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, at least in Graves’ disease.
Stereotomography: a semi‐automatic approach for velocity macromodel estimation
Authors: Lambaré G. , Alerini M. , Baina R. , Podvin P. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTMost methods for velocity macromodel estimation require considerable operator input, mainly concerning the regularization and the picking of events in the data set or in the migrated images. For both these aspects, slope tomography methods offer interesting solutions. They consider locally coherent events characterized by their slopes in the data cube. Picking is then much easier and consequently denser than in standard traveltime tomography. Stereotomography is the latest slope tomography method. In recent years it has been improved significantly, both from an algorithmic point of view and in terms of practical use. Robust and fast procedures are now available for 2D stereotomographic picking and optimization.Concerning the picking, we propose simple criteria for the selection of relevant data among the automatically picked events. This enables an accurate smooth velocity macromodel to be estimated quite rapidly and with very limited operator intervention. We demonstrate the method using a 2D line extracted from the Oseberg NH8906 data set.
Enhanced velocity estimation using gridded tomography in complex chalk
Authors: Sugrue M. , Jones I.F. , Evans E. , Fairhead S. , Marsden G. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe theme of the 2003 EAGE/SEG imaging workshop concerned the contrast between different philosophies of ‘model building’: whether an explicit, user‐determined model should be imposed throughout the processing, with user updates at each step; or alternatively, whether user intervention should be kept to a minimum so as to avoid preconceived bias, and instead to allow the data itself to guide some heuristic process to converge to an optimal solution.Here we consider a North Sea study where our initial approach was to build the subsurface model using interpreted horizons as a guide to the velocity update. This is common practice in the North Sea, where the geology ‘lends itself’ to a layer‐based model representation. In other words, we encourage preconceived bias, as we consider it to be a meaningful geological constraint on the solution.However, in this instance we had a thick chalk sequence, wherein the vertical compaction gradient changed subtly, in a way not readily discernible from the seismic reflection data. As a consequence, imposing the explicit top and bottom chalk horizons, with an intervening vertical compaction gradient (of the form v(x, y, z) =v0(x, y) +k(x, y).z), led to a misrepresentation of the subsurface.To address this issue, a gridded model building approach was also tried. This relied on dense continuous automatic picking of residual moveout in common‐reflection point gathers at each iteration of the model update, followed by gridded tomography, resulting in a smoothly varying velocity field which was able to reveal the underlying local changes within the chalk.
3D sparse‐data Kirchhoff redatuming
Authors: Tegtmeier S. , Gisolf A. , Verschuur D.J. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTWave‐equation redatuming can be a very efficient method of overcoming the overburden imprint on the target area. Owing to the growing amount of 3D data, it is increasingly important to develop a feasible method for the redatuming of 3D prestack data.Common 3D acquisition designs produce relatively sparse data sets, which cannot be redatumed successfully by applying conventional wave‐equation redatuming. We propose a redatuming approach that can be used to perform wave‐equation redatuming of sparse 3D data. In this new approach, additional information about the medium velocity below the new datum is included, i.e. redatumed root‐mean‐square (RMS) velocities, which can be extracted from the input data set by conventional velocity analysis, are used. Inclusion of this additional information has the following implications: (i) it becomes possible to simplify the 4D redatuming integral into a 2D integral such that the number of traces needed to calculate one output time sample and the computational effort are both reduced; (ii) the information about the subsurface enables an infill of traces which are needed for the integral calculation but which are missing in the sparse input data set.Two tests applying this new approach to fully sampled 2D data show satisfactory results, implying that this method can certainly be used for the redatuming of sparse 3D data sets.
The common focal point and common reflection surface methodologies: subsets or complements?
Authors: Bolte J.F.B. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe common focal point (CFP) method and the common reflection surface (CRS) stack method are compared. The CRS method is a fast, highly automated procedure that provides high S/N ratio simulation of zero‐offset (ZO) images by combining, per image point, the reflection energy of an arc segment that is tangential to the reflector. It uses smooth parametrized two‐way stacking operators, based on a data‐driven triplet of attributes in 2D (eight parameters in 3D). As a spin‐off, the attributes can be used for several applications, such as the determination of the geometrical spreading factor, multiple prediction, and tomographic inversion into a smooth background velocity model. The CFP method aims at decomposing two‐way seismic reflection data into two full‐aperture one‐way propagation operators. By applying an iterative updating procedure in a half‐migrated domain, it provides non‐smooth focusing operators for prestack imaging using only the energy from one focal point at the reflector. The data‐driven operators inhibit all propagation effects of the overburden. The CFP method provides several spin‐offs, amongst which is the CFP matrix related to one focal point, which displays the reflection amplitudes as measured at the surface for each source–receiver pair. The CFP matrix can be used to determine the specular reflection source–receiver pairs and the Fresnel zone at the surface for reflection in one single focal point. Other spin‐offs are the prediction of internal multiples, the determination of reflectivity effects, velocity‐independent redatuming and tomographic inversion to obtain a velocity–depth model. The CFP method is less fast and less automated than the CRS method. From a pointwise comparison of features it is concluded that one method is not a subset of the other, but that both methods can be regarded as being to some extent complementary.
Asiaticoside induction for cell‐cycle progression, proliferation and collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Lu Luo , Ying Kang , Wei Shaoming , Fang Yong , Liu Yuliang , Lin Huifen , Ma Laiji , Mao Yumin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAsiaticoside, isolated from Centella asiatica, promotes fibroblast proliferation and extracullar matrix synthesis in wound healing. The precise mechanism, however, in molecular and gene expression levels still remains partially understood. Using cDNA microarray technology, the alternation of genes expression profiles was determined in a human dermal fibroblast in vitro in the presence of asiaticoside (30 µg/ml). Fifty‐four genes, with known functions for cell proliferation, cell‐cycle progression and synthesis of the extracellular matrix, were significantly up‐regulated in our “whole‐genes nest” expression profile at various timepoints. Furthermore, mRNA levels and protein productions of certain genes responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis (e.g. encoding type I and type III collagen proteins) were evaluated by Northern blot and radioimmunoassay, respectively. As a result, there is a close correlation among the gene profile, mRNA and protein production in the cells response to asiaticoside stimulation. This information could be used for exploring the target genes in response to asiaticoside in fibroblasts.
Round excision of small, benign, papular and dome‐shaped melanocytic nevi on the face
Authors: Tursen Umit , Kaya Tamer Irfan , Ikizoglu Guliz 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  Patients frequently request the removal of benign, papular and dome‐shaped nevi for cosmetic or functional reasons. Total excision is probably the most widely used method of removal.Aim  To introduce the round excision technique for the treatment of benign, papular and dome‐shaped nevi on the face.Methods  In a prospective study, 36 benign, papular or dome‐shaped nevi of all types were removed by the round excision technique. The lesions were circumscribed with a number 15 scalpel blade, 2 mm beyond the limits, with incision to the full depth of the dermis, and removed by cutting horizontally at the maximum depth of the circular incision. Histologic examinations were performed for all specimens.Results  Complete removal of nevi was achieved in all patients with excellent or good cosmetic results. Of the 36 nevi, 24 were intradermal and 12 were compound nevi. Dog‐ear formation was observed in only one patient.Conclusion  Round excision may be a better alternative to conventional fusiform or shave excision of benign, dome‐shaped or papular nevi of the face.
Importance of the direct fresh examination in the diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis
Authors: Civila Eduardo S. , Bonasse Julio , Conti‐Díaz Ismael A. , Vignale Raúl A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground  To date the direct fresh examination has not been considered, except by a few authors, as a valid laboratory procedure for the diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis.Methods  Forty‐two patients with cutaneous sporotrichosis (36 lymphangitic and six fixed) were studied. Pus was obtained through digital compression of opened lesions followed by collection with a spatula and examination of the material between the slide and the coverslip. Cultures on Sabouraud's glucose agar slants with cloramphenicol and cicloheximide were made in all cases.Results  Direct, fresh examination asteroid bodies of Sporothrix schenckii were found in 85.7% of the cases, which allowed the authors to immediately diagnose the disease. Cultures confirmed the diagnosis in 95.2% of the patients.Conclusions  Fastness, simplicity and low cost of the fresh examination lead us to recommend systematic use of the method for primary diagnosis of the disease, mainly at first level public health laboratories.
Atypical clinical form of cutaneous leishmaniasis: erysipeloid form
Authors: Karincaoglu Yelda , Esrefoglu Muammer , Ozcan Hamdi 
Published: November 2004

A 60‐year‐old woman was admitted to our clinic with a gradually enlarging red papule on her face. Her history revealed that, 9 months previously, a painless, red papule of 1–2 cm in diameter had occurred in the middle of her face and, with time, had enlarged to cover her nose, both cheeks, and eyelids. It was diagnosed as a superficial skin infection, and topical and systemic antibiotics were prescribed; however, no response was obtained. In the last 2 months, a sore had formed in the middle of her nose. The patient lives in the east of Eastern Anatolia, where no case of cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported in the last 20 years.On dermatologic examination of the patient, an erythematous, indurated, slightly squamous, 10 cm × 5 cm, butterfly‐shaped plaque with sharply defined borders was seen on both cheeks, lower eyelids, and the whole nose (Fig. 1). In smears taken from the lesion, a number of amastigotes belonging to Leishmania were determined in the intracellular and extracellular area (Fig. 2). Histopathologic examination of the cutaneous lesion showed scattered infiltration composed of mononuclear cells, histiocytes, plasma cells, and small epithelioid granulomas. Gram smear and anaerobe–aerobe culture prepared from the lesion were negative. The total blood count and sedimentation rate of the patient were within normal limits. Routine biochemical tests, urine analysis, chest radiography, and intradermal purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test were all normal. Antinuclear antibody and antistreptolysin antibody examinations were negative.Butterfly‐shaped infiltrated erythematous plaque on the faceimageSmear from the lesion showing a number of amastigotes in the intracellular and extracellular area (Giemsa‐stained smear; original magnification, ×100; with immersion oil)imageThe patient was treated intramuscularly with 10 mg/kg/day systemic meglumine antimoniate, divided into two doses, for 20 days, with good control.
A quantitative study of epidermal Langerhans cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica
Authors: Meymandi Simin , Dabiri Shahriar , Dabiri Darya , Crawford Richard I. , Kharazmi Arsalan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective  The purpose of this study was to characterize the number and distribution of epidermal Langerhans cells in different clinical forms of dry‐type cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).Methods  Sixteen cases of dry‐type cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica were studied. These cases were classified clinically as five cases of acute leishmaniasis with indurated papules, nodules and plaques with central crust formation and duration < 2 years, six cases of lupoid leishmaniasis with characteristic papules around previous scars of cutaneous leishmaniasis with duration > 2 years, and five cases of chronic nonlupoid type with nonhealing lesions of duration > 2 years. Paraffin‐embedded blocks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and stained immunohistochemically for CD1a.Results  The number of Langerhans cells per millimeter length of epidermis was increased in acute cases compared to chronic and lupoid cases.Conclusions  Lesions of acute leishmaniasis contain the greatest amounts of antigen for presentation, so Langerhans cells increase in number and in trafficking to present antigens derived from Leishman bodies to the cellular immune system. In chronic leishmaniasis, the Langerhans cell population is reduced, perhaps because of exhaustion of the source of Langerhans cells, or because of reduced response to modified antigen.