bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of recovery funding on the well‐being and health workforce capability of rural practices during natural disasters and emergencies
Authors: Hurst Kate P. , Ramsden Robyn , Roach Christine , Colbran Richard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines the impact of funding provided to support the well‐being of rural health practitioners and their practice staff following the 2019–2022 bushfires.ObjectiveTo assess the benefits and implications of grant funding for rural practices to aid recovery following bushfires in NSW, Australia.DesignAn explanatory sequential mixed method design consisted of a survey and a thematic analysis of semi‐structured Interviews.FindingsFive key themes emerged from analysis: (1) the disasters altered the role of the practice and therapeutic relationships; (2) the funding had a positive impact on access to professional development; (3) the training had a positive impact on staff well‐being and resilience; (4) the professional development had a positive impact on rural practitioner's sense of capability; and (5) important elements of future grant opportunities.DiscussionThe findings indicate the importance of recovering funding to facilitate access to professional development for rural health practioners during natural disasters which improved their mental health and wellbeing, capability and support to clients.ConclusionRecovery funding facilitated improvement in workforce capability, professional resilience, mental health and well‐being in the face of natural disasters and emergencies. There was a link between training and maintaining the capability of rural health care practitioners and their practice staff. Capability was an important factor in the well‐being and resilience of the health workforce and their ability to support clients.
Prevalence of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies
Authors: Shanshan Hong , Liying Chen , Huihong Zhuang , Yanting Wang , Tiantian Lin , Tong Jin , Jiawei Qin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionLumbopelvic pain (LPP) is common in pregnant women and has a significant negative effect on physical and psychological health. In this study, for the first time, we conduct a meta‐analysis to estimate the overall prevalence of LPP among pregnant women and clarify the reasons for the differences in the estimated results.Material and methodsA systematic search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted from inception until October 2022. Two reviewers conducted a methodological quality assessment. Random‐effects model analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and the 95% confidence interval. Chi‐square tests and I2‐values were used to assess the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis (according to the participants’ continent, age, body mass index [BMI], gestational age and study risk of bias), sensitivity analysis and random‐effects meta‐regression were used to explore the the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsOf the 1661 unique citations, 38 studies (21 533 pregnant participants) were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of LPP during pregnancy was 63% (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.69), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.1%, P < 0.001). The prevalence differed by participants’ continents, 71% (North America), 74% (South America), 63% (Asia), 64% (Europe), 59% (Africa) and 45% (Oceania). The prevalence differed by BMI, 64% (BMI <25), 64% (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 28), and 71% (BMI >28). The prevalence differed by age, 72% (age <25 years), 58% (25 ≤ age ≤ 30 years), and 69% (age >30 years). The prevalence were the same differed by study risk of bias, 63% (both low and moderate risk of bias studies). The prevalence were similar by gestational age, 62% (second trimester) and 63% (third trimester).ConclusionsLumbopelvic pain during pregnancy is common; about three‐fifths of pregnant women experience LPP. More prevention and intervention research for lumbopelvic should be conducted in pregnant women with different clinical characteristics.
Subsite‐specific trends in mid‐ and long‐term survival for head and neck cancer patients in Japan: A population‐based study
Authors: Tsuge Hiroshi , Kawakita Daisuke , Taniyama Yukari , Oze Isao , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Hori Megumi , Nakata Kayo , Sugiyama Hiromi , Miyashiro Isao , Oki Izumi , Nishino Yoshikazu , Katanoda Kota , Ito Yuri , Shibata Akiko , Matsuda Tomohiro , Iwasaki Shinichi , Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Hidemi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdvances in diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities have impacted head and neck cancer (HNC) prognosis, but their effects on subsite‐specific prognosis remain unclear. This study aimed to assess subsite‐specific trends in mid‐ and long‐term survival for HNC patients diagnosed from 1993 to 2011 using data from population‐based cancer registries in Japan. We estimated the net survival (NS) for HNC by subsite using data from 13 prefectural population‐based cancer registries in Japan. Changes in survival over time were assessed by multivariate excess hazard model of mortality. In total, 68,312 HNC patients were included in this analysis. We observed an overall improvement in 5‐year NS for HNC patients in Japan. However, survival varied among subsites of HNC, with some, such as naso‐, oro‐ and hypopharyngeal cancers, showing significant improvement in both 5‐ and 10‐year NS, whereas others such as laryngeal cancer showed only a slight improvement in 5‐year NS and no significant change in 10‐year NS after adjustment for age, sex and stage. In conclusion, the study provides insights into changing HNC survival by site at the population level in Japan. Although advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities have improved survival, these improvements are not shared equally among subsites.
A comprehensive update on genetic inheritance, epigenetic factors, associated pathology, and recent therapeutic intervention by gene therapy in schizophrenia
Authors: R Rachana , Devtalla Harshit , Rana Karishma , Panda Siva Prasad , Agrawal Arushi , Kadyan Shreya , Jindal Divya , Pancham Pranav , Yadav Deepshikha , Jha Niraj Kumar , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Gupta Vivek , Singh Manisha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe psychological disorder in which reality is interpreted abnormally by the patient. The symptoms of the disease include delusions and hallucinations, associated with extremely disordered behavior and thinking, which may affect the daily lives of the patients. Advancements in technology have led to understanding the dynamics of the disease and the identification of the underlying causes. Multiple investigations prove that it is regulated genetically, and epigenetically, and is affected by environmental factors. The molecular and neural pathways linked to the regulation of schizophrenia have been extensively studied. Over 180 Schizophrenic risk loci have now been recognized due to several genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). It has been observed that multiple transcription factors (TF) binding‐disrupting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been related to gene expression responsible for the disease in cerebral complexes. Copy number variation, SNP defects, and epigenetic changes in chromosomes may cause overexpression or underexpression of certain genes responsible for the disease. Nowadays, gene therapy is being implemented for its treatment as several of these genetic defects have been identified. Scientists are trying to use viral vectors, miRNA, siRNA, and CRISPR technology. In addition, nanotechnology is also being applied to target such genes. The primary aim of such targeting was to either delete or silence such hyperactive genes or induce certain genes that inhibit the expression of these genes. There are challenges in delivering the gene/DNA to the site of action in the brain, and scientists are working to resolve the same. The present article describes the basics regarding the disease, its causes and factors responsible, and the gene therapy solutions available to treat this disease.
Phenotypes of cough in children: A latent class analysis
Authors: Mallet Maria Christina , Pedersen Eva S. L. , Makhoul Ronny , Blanchon Sylvain , Hoyler Karin , Jochmann Anja , Latzin Philipp , Moeller Alexander , Regamey Nicolas , Goutaki Myrofora , Spycher Ben D. , Kuehni Claudia E. ,   the SPAC Study Team
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDistinguishing phenotypes among children with cough helps understand underlying causes. Using a statistical data‐driven approach, we aimed to identify and validate cough phenotypes based on measurable traits, physician diagnoses, and prognosis.MethodsWe used data from the Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort and included 531 children aged 5–16 years seen in outpatient clinics since 2017. We included children with any parent‐reported cough (i.e. cough without a cold, cough at night, cough more than other children, or cough longer than 4 weeks) without current wheeze. We applied latent class analysis to identify phenotypes using nine symptoms and characteristics and selected the best model using the Akaike information criterion. We assigned children to the most likely phenotype and compared the resulting groups for parental atopy history, comorbidities, spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), skin prick tests and specific IgE, physician diagnoses, and 1‐year prognosis.ResultsWe identified four cough phenotypes: non‐specific cough (26%); non‐allergic infectious and night cough with snoring and otitis (4%); chronic allergic dry night cough with snoring (9%); and allergic non‐infectious cough with rhino‐conjunctivitis (61%). Children with the allergic phenotype often had family or personal history of atopy and asthma diagnosis. FeNO was highest for the allergic phenotype [median 17.9 parts per billion (ppb)] and lowest for the non‐allergic infectious phenotype [median 7.0 parts per billion (ppb)]. Positive allergy test results differed across phenotypes (p < .001) and were most common among the allergic (70%) and least common among the non‐specific cough (31%) phenotypes. Subsequent wheeze was more common among the allergic than the non‐specific phenotype.ConclusionWe identified four clinically relevant cough phenotypes with different prognoses. Although we excluded children with current wheeze, most children with cough belonged to allergy‐related phenotypes.
Use of overnight metyrapone test in suspected secondary adrenal insufficiency: A retrospective single centre‐study
Authors: Saini Jasmine , Garcia Raul Gregg , Herndon Justine , Erickson Dana , Gruber Lucinda , Bancos Irina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveOvernight metyrapone test (OMT) is a dynamic test used to diagnose secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI). Data on OMT use and its safety are scarce. We aimed to describe the indications and safety of outpatient OMT and compare OMT to the cosyntropin stimulation test (CST).DesignSingle‐centre retrospective study of adult patients undergoing OMT between 1 April 2018 and 27 January 2023.MeasurementsOMT‐related adverse events, post‐OMT diagnosis of SAI, and OMT comparison to CST.ResultsOMT was performed in 114 patients (81, 71% women) at a median age of 48 (interquartile range 37–58). The pretest probability for SAI was low in 52 (46%) patients, moderate in 48 (42%) patients and high in 14 (12%) patients. Adverse events were reported in 7 (6.1%) patients and were mild except for one hospitalization. No baseline or OMT‐related factors were associated with the development of adverse events. Prevalence of the OMT‐based SAI diagnosis was 26 (23%) and 47 (46%) using 11‐deoxycortisol cutoff <7 and <10 mcg/dL, respectively. Higher pretest probability was associated with the OMT‐based diagnosis of SAI. Post‐OMT 11‐deoxycortisol cutoff of 10 mcg/dL was used most to diagnose SAI. Compared to the OMT‐based diagnosis of SAI (11‐deoxycortisol cutoff of 10 mcg/dL), the specificity of CST was 100%, but the sensitivity was only 52%.ConclusionsOMT was well tolerated and used in patients with low and moderate pretest probability for SAI. CST can erroneously exclude patients with SAI. Thus, OMT should be considered in selected patients with normal CST.
Curvature‐driven Multi‐stream Network for Feature‐preserving Mesh Denoising
Authors: Zhao Zhibo , Tang Wenming , Gong Yuanhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMesh denoising is a fundamental yet challenging task. Most of the existing data‐driven methods only consider the zero‐order information (vertex location) and first‐order information (face normal). However, higher‐order geometric information (such as curvature) is more descriptive for the shape of the mesh. Therefore, in order to impose such high‐order information, this paper proposes a novel Curvature‐Driven Multi‐Stream Graph Convolutional Neural Network (CDMS‐Net) architecture. CDMS‐Net has three streams, including curvature stream, face normal stream and vertex stream, where the curvature stream focuses on the high‐order Gaussian curvature information. Moreover, CDMS‐Net proposes a novel block based on residual dense connections, which is used as the core component to extract geometric features from meshes. This innovative design improves the performance of feature‐preserving denoising. The plug‐and‐play modular design makes CDMS‐Net easy to be implemented. Multiple sets of ablation study are carried out to verify the rationality of the CDMS‐Net. Our method establishes new state‐of‐the‐art mesh denoising results on publicly available datasets.
The effect of dopamine replacement therapy on cortical structure in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wu Chenqing , Wu Haoting , Zhou Cheng , Guo Tao , Guan Xiaojun , Cao Zhengye , Wu Jingjing , Liu Xiaocao , Chen Jingwen , Wen Jiaqi , Qin Jianmei , Tan Sijia , Duanmu Xiaojie , Gu Luyan , Song Zhe , Zhang Baorong , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the cortical structural reorganization in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients under chronic dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) in cross‐sectional and longitudinal data and determine whether these changes were associated with clinical alterations.MethodsA total of 61 DRT‐treated, 60 untreated PD patients, and 61 normal controls (NC) were retrospectively included. Structural MRI scans and neuropsychological tests were conducted. Cortical thickness and volume were extracted based on FreeSurfer and were analyzed using general linear model to find statistically significant differences among three groups. Correlation analyses were performed among significant cortical areas, medication treatment (duration and dosage), and neuropsychological tests. Longitudinal cortical structural changes of patients who initiated DRT were analyzed using linear mixed‐effect model.ResultsSignificant cortical atrophy was primarily observed in the prefrontal cortex in treated patients, including the cortical thickness of right pars opercularis and the volume of bilateral superior frontal cortex (SFC), left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), right lateral orbital frontal cortex, right pars orbitalis, and right rostral middle frontal cortex. A negative correlation was detected between the left SFC volume and levodopa equivalent dose (LED) (r = −0.316, p = 0.016), as well as the left rACC volume and medication duration (r = −0.329, p = 0.013). In the patient group, the left SFC volume was positively associated with digit span forward score (r = 0.335, p = 0.017). The left SFC volume reduction was longitudinally correlated with increased LED (standardized coefficient = −0.077, p = 0.001).ConclusionThis finding provided insights into the influence of DRT on cortical structure and highlighted the importance of drug dose titration in DRT.
Sex‐specific associations between skeletal muscle mass and incident diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Liu Dan , Li Nan , Zhou Yiling , Wang Miye , Song Peige , Yuan Changzheng , Shi Qingyang , Chen Hui , Zhou Kaixin , Wang Huan , Li Tao , Pan Xiong‐Fei , Tian Haoming , Li Sheyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the sex‐specific associations between predicted skeletal muscle mass index (pSMI) and incident type 2 diabetes in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of Chinese men and women.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled Chinese adults without diabetes at baseline from WATCH (West chinA adulT health CoHort), a large health check‐up‐based database. We calculated pSMI to estimate skeletal muscular mass, and measured blood glucose variables and assessed self‐reported history to identify new‐onset diabetes. The nonlinear association between pSMI and incident type 2 diabetes was modelled using the penalized spline method. The piecewise association was estimated using segmented linear splines in weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsOf 47 885 adults (53.2% women) with a median age of 40 years, 1836 developed type 2 diabetes after a 5‐year median follow‐up. In women, higher pSMI was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (Pnonlinearity = 0.09, hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation increment in pSMI: 0.79 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.68, 0.91]). A nonlinear association of pSMI with incident type 2 diabetes was detected in men (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). In men with pSMI lower than 8.1, higher pSMI was associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 0.58 [95% CI 0.40, 0.84]), whereas pSMI was not significantly associated with incident diabetes in men with pSMI equal to or greater than 8.1 (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.93, 1.25]).ConclusionsIn females, a larger muscular mass is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. For males, this association is significant only among those with diminished muscle mass.
Moderate‐intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy versus high‐intensity statin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A post‐hoc analysis of the RACING trial
Authors: Lee Yong‐Joon , Lee Sang‐Hyup , You Seng Chan , Lee Yong‐ho , Lee Seung‐Jun , Hong Sung‐Jin , Ahn Chul‐Min , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo , Kim Jung‐Sun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a moderate‐intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy versus high‐intensity statin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Materials and MethodsIn this post‐hoc subgroup analysis of the RACING trial, patients were analysed based on the presence of MetS. MetS was defined as meeting at least three of the five following criteria: (a) elevated waist circumference; (b) elevated triglycerides; (c) reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; (d) elevated blood pressure; and (e) elevated fasting glucose. The primary outcome was a 3‐year composite of cardiovascular death, major cardiovascular events, or non‐fatal stroke.ResultsOf the 3780 patients enrolled in the RACING trial, 1703 (45.1%) had MetS at baseline. The primary outcome rate was 10.1% and 10.3% in patients with MetS receiving ezetimibe combination therapy versus high‐intensity statin monotherapy (hazard ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval = 0.72‐1.32; p = .868). Lower rates of intolerance‐related drug discontinuation or dose reduction (3.9% vs. 8.0%; p < .001) and lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (57 vs. 65 mg/dl; p < .001) were observed with ezetimibe combination therapy versus high‐intensity statin monotherapy. Furthermore, the rate of new‐onset diabetes was 18.5% and 19.1% in each group (p = .822). There were no significant interactions between MetS and therapy regarding study outcomes in the total population.ConclusionsIn patients with MetS and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a moderate‐intensity statin with ezetimibe combination therapy had comparable cardiovascular benefits with those of high‐intensity statin monotherapy. Meanwhile, ezetimibe combination therapy was associated with lower drug intolerance and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but there was no apparent between‐group difference in new‐onset diabetes.
Outcomes or participation? Experimentally testing competing sources of legitimacy for taxation
Authors: Engel Christoph , Mittone Luigi , Morreale Azzurra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLegitimacy may result from support for projects that a government implements. However, legitimacy may also result from the opportunity to participate in the selection process of projects. We tested the strength of these competing sources of legitimacy experimentally and their relationship. We find a straightforward effect of the former: the more projects a participant supports, the higher their taxes. Participants are also willing to pay for participation; if they have had a say, they pay higher taxes. Yet, most of this effect is actually instrumental: participants want participation to ensure that their taxes are used for purposes they deem acceptable.
Traumatic dental injuries sustained during Chile's civil unrest: A case series study
Authors: Corral Nunez Camila , Hurtado Alvaro , Latapiat Parodi André , Osorio Larraín Rodrigo , Ríos Erazo Matías , Herrera Ronda Andrea , Varas Reyes Joaquín , Rojas Alcayaga Gonzalo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground/AimDuring Chile's period of social unrest, numerous people suffered physical trauma due to the use of police force. However, there have been no reports regarding traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) suffered in this context. This study aims to describe the dental trauma of patients injured by police during the social unrest period in Chile from 2019 to 2021.Material and MethodsA case series methodology was employed. Following informed consent, clinical records of patients admitted to the Ocular and Dentomaxillofacial Prosthetic Care and Rehabilitation Program, who were affected by the violence of state agents during social mobilizations, were reviewed from October 2019 to December 2021. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and the TDI diagnoses with their treatment needs were collected. A descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsForty‐six patients were identified, nine of whom agreed to the informed consent. Most were male, with a mean age of 28 years, public health insurance, and a high educational level. The most common causes of injury were kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) and the use of physical force (punches, kicks, or pushes). Of the nine cases described, 26 teeth were affected by TDI. The most affected teeth were the central upper incisors and, in most cases, they presented lesions in both injury categories: NA0D.0 (the tooth and pulp) and NA0D.1 (periodontal tissues). Treatment needs varied and included some complex procedures, such as implant‐retained crowns and removable dental prostheses.ConclusionsThe use of force by police during the period of social unrest in Chile caused TDIs among demonstrators, which were mainly due to physical force from less‐than‐lethal weapons. Most cases presented injuries affecting the incisors with multiple teeth requiring complex treatments.