bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ Psychological Trauma and Cognitive Control in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yu-Chin Chiu , Forster Anna K. , Zhang Lingsong , Foli Karen J. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have faced various nurse-specific traumas in their workplaces, but there is limited understanding of the resulting outcomes and factors that contribute to them. Objective To address this gap, the study employed the middle-range theory of nurses’ psychological trauma (NPT) to examine these relationships among frontline nurses working in critical care areas. Methods In a quantitative cross-sectional study, the study compared nurses identified as probable cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with those identified as not probable cases. The study investigated the nurse-specific traumas they experienced, their individual personality traits, and the buffers they possessed. The study also sought to identify specific types of nurse-specific traumas that could be associated with negative outcomes, such as alcohol and drug use. Results It was found that PTSD-probable nurses reported higher levels of trauma from disasters and system/medically induced trauma compared to not-probable nurses. They also experienced more nonwork-related humankind traumas and displayed lower resilience. Furthermore, PTSD-probable nurses identified with trait urgency and trait avoidance motivation. Additionally, trauma from disasters was associated with alcohol use. Conclusion The study highlights the elevated levels of trauma, lower resilience, and specific psychological traits associated with PTSD-probable nurses, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and support to mitigate the negative outcomes experienced by frontline nurses.
Ibrutinib and venetoclax as primary therapy in symptomatic, treatment-naïve Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Branagan Andrew R. , Sermer David , Flynn Catherine A. , Meid Kirsten , Little Megan , Stockman Katherine , White Timothy , Canning Alexa , Guerrera Maria L. , Kofides Amanda , Liu Shirong , Liu Xia , Richardson Kris , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Patterson Christopher J. , Hunter Zachary R. , Treon Steven P. , Sarosiek Shayna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Concurrent Bruton tyrosine kinase and BCL2 inhibition has not yet been investigated in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). We performed an investigator-initiated trial of ibrutinib and venetoclax in symptomatic treatment-naïve patients with MYD88-mutated WM. Patients received ibrutinib 420 mg once daily (cycle 1), followed by a ramp-up of venetoclax to 400 mg daily (cycle 2). The combination was then administered for 22 additional 4-week cycles. The attainment of very good partial response (VGPR) was the primary end point. Forty-five patients were enrolled in this study. The median baseline characteristics were as follows: age 67 years, serum IgM 43 g/L, and hemoglobin 102 g/L. Seventeen patients (38%) carried CXCR4 mutations. Nineteen patients (42%) achieved VGPR. Grade 3 or higher adverse events included neutropenia (38%), mucositis (9%), and tumor lysis syndrome (7%). Atrial fibrillation occurred in 3 (9%), and ventricular arrhythmia in 4 (9%) patients that included 2 grade 5 events. With a median follow-up of 24.4 months, the 24-month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 76% and 96%, respectively, and were not impacted by CXCR4 mutations. The median time on therapy was 10.2 months, and the median time after the end of therapy (EOT) was 13.3 months. Eleven of the 12 progression events occurred after EOT, and the 12-month PFS rates after EOT were 79%; 93% if VGPR was attained, and 69% for other patients (P = .12). Ibrutinib and venetoclax induced high VGPR rates and durable responses after EOT, although they were associated with a higher-than-expected rate of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with WM, leading to early study treatment termination. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04273139.
Bronchodilator responsiveness in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Seidl Elias , Gatt Dvir , Wee Wallace B. , Wilson David , Ratjen Felix , Grasemann Hartmut 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundReversible airway obstruction is common in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. However, the diagnostic value of adding bronchodilator (BD) response testing to routine spirometry is unclear.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of pulmonary function test results obtained from children with primary ciliary dyskinesia seen as outpatients at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Spirometry results were collected for every appointment with BD response testing (“Visit”, with pre-BD and post-BD measurements) as well as for the previous (“Baseline”) and following (“Follow-up”) encounters.ResultsA positive BD response was seen in 86 out of 474 (18.1%) of the pulmonary function tests from 82 children with primary ciliary dyskinesia. BD responsiveness was associated with a significant absolute change (±sd) in % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from Baseline to Visit pre-BD (−6.5±10.3%, p<0.001), but not from Baseline to Follow-up (0.4±10.8, p=0.757). Antimicrobial therapy was initiated more commonly following a Visit with a positive BD response (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.2–6.6) compared to no BD response. Children with a positive BD response had a greater annual decline in FEV1% predicted compared to those with no BD response (−0.9% per yearversus−0.5% per year, p<0.001). The annual decline in FEV1% predicted was greater in children with multiple compared to one measured positive BD responses (−1.3% per yearversus−0.6% per year, p<0.001) and in those not treated with antibiotic therapy following a positive BD response compared to those treated with antibiotics (−1.1%versus−0.6%, p<0.001).ConclusionA positive BD response in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia may help identify those at risk for accelerated lung disease progression.
Consensus goals and standards for specialist cough clinics: the NEUROCOUGH international Delphi study
Authors: Song Woo-Jung , Dupont Lieven , Birring Surinder S. , Chung Kian Fan , Dąbrowska Marta , Dicpinigaitis Peter , Ribas Christian Domingo , Fontana Giovanni , Gibson Peter G. , Guilleminault Laurent , Hull James H. , Idzko Marco , Kardos Peter , Kim Hyun Jung , Lai Kefang , Lavorini Federico , Millqvist Eva , Morice Alyn H. , Niimi Akio , Parker Sean M. , Satia Imran , Smith Jaclyn A. , van den Berg Jan Willem , McGarvey Lorcan P. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCurrent guidelines on the management of chronic cough do not provide recommendations for the operation of specialist cough clinics. The objective of the present study was to develop expert consensus on goals and standard procedures for specialist cough clinics.MethodsWe undertook a modified Delphi process, whereby initial statements proposed by experts were categorised and presented back to panellists over two ranking rounds using an 11-point Likert scale to identify consensus.ResultsAn international panel of 57 experts from 19 countries participated, with consensus reached on 15 out of 16 statements, covering the aims, roles and standard procedures of specialist cough clinics. Panellists agreed that specialist cough clinics offer optimal care for patients with chronic cough. They also agreed that history taking should enquire as to cough triggers, cough severity rating scales should be routinely used, and a minimum of chest radiography, spirometry and measurements of type 2 inflammatory markers should be undertaken in newly referred patients. The importance of specialist cough clinics in promoting clinical research and cough specialty training was acknowledged. Variability in healthcare resources and clinical needs between geographical regions was noted.ConclusionsThe Delphi exercise provides a platform and guidance for both established cough clinics and those in planning stages.
Unlocking gut microbiota potential of dairy cows in varied environmental conditions using shotgun metagenomic approach
Authors: Khan Faheem Ahmed , Pandupuspitasari Nuruliarizki Shinta , Huang Chunjie , Negara Windu , Ahmed Bilal , Putri Ezi Masdia , Lestari Puji , Priyatno Tri Puji , Prima Ari , Restitrisnani Vita , Surachman Maman , Akhadiarto Sindu , Darmawan I Wayan Angga , Wahyuni Dimar Sari , Herdis Herdis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFood security and environmental pollution are major concerns for the expanding world population, where farm animals are the largest source of dietary proteins and are responsible for producing anthropogenic gases, including methane, especially by cows. We sampled the fecal microbiomes of cows from varying environmental regions of Pakistan to determine the better-performing microbiomes for higher yields and lower methane emissions by applying the shotgun metagenomic approach. We selected managed dairy farms in the Chakwal, Salt Range, and Patoki regions of Pakistan, and also incorporated animals from local farmers. Milk yield and milk fat, and protein contents were measured and correlated with microbiome diversity and function. The average milk protein content from the Salt Range farms was 2.68%, with an average peak milk yield of 45 litters/head/day, compared to 3.68% in Patoki farms with an average peak milk yield of 18 litters/head/day. Salt-range dairy cows prefer S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) conversion reactions and are responsible for low milk protein content. It is linked to Bacteroides fragilles which account for 10% of the total Bacteroides, compared to 3% in the Patoki region. The solid Non-Fat in the salt range was 8.29%, whereas that in patoki was 6.34%. Moreover, Lactobacillus plantarum high abundance in Salt Range provided propionate as alternate sink to [H], and overcoming a Methanobrevibacter ruminantium high methane emissions in the Salt Range. Furthermore, our results identified ruminant fecal microbiomes that can be used as fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) to high-methane emitters and low-performing herds to increase farm output and reduce the environmental damage caused by anthropogenic gases emitted by dairy cows.
Whole genome analysis of echinocandin non-susceptible Candida Glabrata clinical isolates: a multi-center study in China
Authors: Li Yi , Hou Xin , Li Ruoyu , Liao Kang , Ma Ling , Wang Xiaoming , Ji Ping , Kong Haishen , Xia Yun , Ding Hui , Kang Wei , Zhang Ge , Li Jin , Xiao Meng , Li Yingxing , Xu Yingchun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Candida glabrata is an important cause of invasive candidiasis. Echinocandins are the first-line treatment of invasive candidiasis caused by C. glabrata. The epidemiological echinocandin sensitivity requires long-term surveillance and the understanding about whole genome characteristics of echinocandin non-susceptible isolates was limited.

Results
The present study investigated the echinocandin susceptibility of 1650 C. glabrata clinical isolates in China from August 2014 to July 2019. The in vitro activity of micafungin was significantly better than those of caspofungin and anidulafungin (P < 0.001), assessed by MIC50/90 values. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on non-susceptible isolates and geography-matched susceptible isolates. Thirteen isolates (0.79%) were resistant to at least one echinocandin. Six isolates (0.36%) were solely intermediate to caspofungin. Common evolutionary analysis of echinocandin-resistant and echinocandin-intermediate isolates revealed genes related with reduced caspofungin sensitivity, including previously identified sphinganine hydroxylase encoding gene SUR2. Genome-wide association study identified SNPs at subtelometric regions that were associated with echinocandin non-susceptibility. In-host evolution of echinocandin resistance of serial isolates revealed an enrichment for non-synonymous mutations in adhesins genes and loss of subtelometric regions containing adhesin genes.

Conclusions
The echinocandins are highly active against C. glabrata in China with a resistant rate of 0.79%. Echinocandin non-susceptible isolates carried common evolved genes which are related with reduced caspofungin sensitivity. In-host evolution of C. glabrata accompanied intensive changing of adhesins profile.
Assembly, annotation and analysis of the chloroplast genome of the Algarrobo tree Neltuma pallida (subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Caycho Esteban , La Torre Renato , Orjeda Gisella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Neltuma pallida is a tree that grows in arid soils in northwestern Peru. As a predominant species of the Equatorial Dry Forest ecoregion, it holds significant economic and ecological value for both people and environment. Despite this, the species is severely threatened and there is a lack of genetic and genomic research, hindering the proposal of evidence-based conservation strategies.

Results
In this work, we conducted the assembly, annotation, analysis and comparison of the chloroplast genome of a N. pallida specimen with those of related species. The assembled chloroplast genome has a length of 162,381 bp with a typical quadripartite structure (LSC-IRA-SSC-IRB). The calculated GC content was 35.97%. However, this is variable between regions, with a higher GC content observed in the IRs. A total of 132 genes were annotated, of which 19 were duplicates and 22 contained at least one intron in their sequence. A substantial number of repetitive sequences of different types were identified in the assembled genome, predominantly tandem repeats (> 300). In particular, 142 microsatellites (SSR) markers were identified. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed that N. pallida grouped with the other Neltuma species and with Prosopis cineraria. The analysis of sequence divergence between the chloroplast genome sequences of N. pallida, N. juliflora, P. farcta and Strombocarpa tamarugo revealed a high degree of similarity.

Conclusions
The N. pallida chloroplast genome was found to be similar to those of closely related species. With a size of 162,831 bp, it had the classical chloroplast quadripartite structure and GC content of 35.97%. Most of the 132 identified genes were protein-coding genes. Additionally, over 800 repetitive sequences were identified, including 142 SSR markers. In the phylogenetic analysis, N. pallida grouped with other Neltuma spp. and P. cineraria. Furthermore, N. pallida chloroplast was highly conserved when compared with genomes of closely related species. These findings can be of great potential for further diversity studies and genetic improvement of N. pallida.
Prognostic value of platelet distribution width to lymphocyte ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatectomy
Authors: Zhong Zhi-Han , Liang Lei , Fu Tian-Wei , Dai Mu-Gen , Cheng Jian , Liu Si-Yu , Ye Tai-Wei , Shen Guo-Liang , Zhang Cheng-Wu , Huang Dong-Sheng , Liu Jun-Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Platelet distribution width (PDW), but not platelet count, was found to more comprehensively reflect platelet activity. The present study, thus, aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PDW to lymphocyte ratio (PDWLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatectomy.

Methods
Patients following hepatectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression model were used to determine the prognostic value of PDWLR.

Results
241 patients were analyzed eventually, and stratified into low and high PDWLR groups (≤ 9.66 vs. > 9.66). Results of comparing the baseline characteristics showed that high PDWLR was significantly associated with cirrhosis, and intraoperative blood loss (all P < 0.05). In multivariate COX regression analysis, PDWLR was demonstrated as an independent risk factor for OS (HR: 1.549, P = 0.041) and RFS (HR: 1.655, P = 0.005). Moreover, PDWLR demonstrated a superior capacity for predicting prognosis compared to other indicators.

Conclusion
Preoperative PDWLR has a potential value in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients following hepatectomy, which may help in clinical decision-making for individual treatment.
Study protocol for Ketamine as an adjunctive therapy for major depression (2): a randomised controlled trial (KARMA-Dep [2])
Authors: Jelovac Ana , McCaffrey Cathal , Terao Masashi , Shanahan Enda , Mohamed Enas , Whooley Emma , McDonagh Kelly , McDonogh Sarah , Igoe Anna , Loughran Orlaith , Shackleton Ellie , O’Neill Ciaran , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common psychiatric disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Conventional monoaminergic antidepressants have limited efficacy and take weeks to exert a therapeutic effect. Single infusions of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine exhibit rapid antidepressant action but effects are transient and relapse is common. One potential strategy for increasing ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy and/or prolonging its therapeutic benefit may be serial infusions. There is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of repeated ketamine infusions against an active comparator.MethodsThis protocol describes an ongoing pragmatic, randomised, controlled, parallel-group, patient- and rater-blind, superiority trial. Eligible adult inpatients with a confirmed DSM-5 diagnosis of a major depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar) are randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to a course of up to eight infusions of ketamine or midazolam twice-weekly over four weeks. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of serial adjunctive ketamine infusions versus active comparator midazolam by measuring Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score difference between arms from before the first infusion to 24 h after the final infusion, supplemented by a 95% confidence interval. To facilitate generalisability of results, the trial takes place under “real world” conditions with both groups continuing to receive regular inpatient care including treatment-as-usual pharmacotherapy, nursing care, and psychological and other therapies during the randomised treatment phase and regular outpatient care thereafter. Participants are monitored for relapse during a 24-week follow-up after the end of the randomised phase. Secondary objectives of the trial are to assess: response and remission rates at the end of randomised phase; relapse status during the 24-week follow-up after the end of the randomised phase; the safety and tolerability of repeated ketamine infusions regarding psychotomimetic and other psychiatric side effects, cognitive side effects, as well as withdrawal symptoms, haemodynamic stability, neurological, urological, and other physical side effects; and quality of life and cost-effectiveness.DiscussionThere is an unmet clinical need for rapidly-acting novel antidepressants. This trial will provide efficacy, safety and health economic data on serial ketamine infusions and thus help inform clinical practice on the potential role of this treatment in the management of depression.Trial registrationEudraCT 2019-003109-92. Registered 2 October 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04939649. Registered 25 June 2021.
Use of a digital contact tracing system in Singapore to mitigate COVID-19 spread
Authors: Chow Bryan W. K. , Lim Yi Ding , Poh Richard C. H. , Ko Amy , Hong Guo Hao , Zou Steffen W. L. , Cheah Joshua , Ho Shaowei , Lee Vernon J. M. , Ho Marc Z. J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Contact tracing has been essential to reducing spread of COVID-19. Singapore leveraged technology to assist with contact tracing efforts using a Bluetooth-based app and token platform called ‘TraceTogether’.

Methods
We reviewed the impact of this system during the country’s Delta and Omicron waves (24 August 2021 to 17 February 2022) to identify differences in number of close contacts and time savings between full automation using TraceTogether alone as compared to manual contact tracing supplemented by TraceTogether. Characteristics of digital contact tracing app or token users were reviewed. Thereafter, the number of close contacts identified by manual and digital contact tracing methods, and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases among contacts were analysed. The difference in time taken for identification of close contacts was also determined.

Findings
Adoption rate for TraceTogether was high, with 93.3% of cases having a registered device. There was a 9.8 h (34.9%) reduction in time savings for close contacts to be informed using TraceTogether alone compared to manual contact tracing supplemented by TraceTogether. The proportion of close contacts automatically identified through TraceTogether alone and turned positive was 3.6%. For those identified through manual contact tracing supplemented by TraceTogether, this proportion was 12.5% and 6.2% for those served quarantine orders and health risk warnings respectively.

Interpretation
The high adoption rate of ‘TraceTogether’ suggest that digital solutions remain a promising option to improve contact tracing in future epidemics. This may have been through its concurrent use with vaccine differentiated public health measures and policies which engender public trust. There is future potential for utilising such technology in managing communicable diseases to achieve good public health outcomes.
How is nicotine vaping product (e-cigarette) use monitored in primary care electronic health records in the United Kingdom? An exploratory analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)
Authors: Tildy Bernadett E. , McNeill Ann , Robins John , Dregan Alexandru , Richardson Sol , Brose Leonie S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Electronic health records (EHRs) could identify long-term health effects of nicotine vaping. We characterised the extent to which vaping is recorded in primary care EHRs in the UK, on a population level.

Methods
We performed descriptive analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), primary care electronic health records of 25% of the UK population (~ 16 million patients). Patients aged ≥ 18 years whose vaping status was recorded using medical codes between 2006 and 2022 were identified. We reported the frequency of vaping codes; their distribution by patient age, gender, and ethnicity; trends in vaping recording over time (including interrupted time series analyses); and transitions in patient smoking status.

Results
Seven medical codes indicated current or former vaping, from 150,114 patients. When their vaping status was first recorded, mean patient age was 50.2 years (standard deviation: 15.0), 52.4% were female, and 82.1% were White. Of those recorded as currently vaping, almost all (98.9%) had records of their prior smoking status: 55.0% had been smoking, 38.3% had stopped smoking, 5.6% had never smoked. Of those who were smoking prior to being recorded as vaping, more than a year after the vaping record, over a third (34.2%) were still smoking, under a quarter (23.7%) quit smoking, 1.7% received a ‘never smoked’ status, and there was no smoking status for 40.4%. The ‘e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury’ (EVALI) outbreak was significantly associated with a declining trend in new records of current vaping between September 2019 and March 2020; and an immediate significant increase in new records of former vaping, followed by a declining trend.

Conclusions
Few patients are being asked about vaping. Most who vape had smoked, and many quit smoking after starting vaping. To enable electronic health records to provide stronger evidence on health effects, we recommend improved completeness, accuracy and consistency.