bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale topography modulates corneal epithelial cell migration
Authors: Diehl K. A. , Foley J. D. , Nealey P. F. , Murphy C. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface topographic features that mimic the corneal epithelial basement membrane on cell migration. We used electron‐beam and X‐ray lithography and reactive ion etching to pattern silicon wafers with pitches (groove width plus ridge width) of nano‐ and microscale dimensions (pitches ranged from 400 to 4000 nm). Additionally, polyurethane patterned surfaces were created by replication molding techniques to allow for real‐time imaging of migrating cells. Individual SV40‐transformed human corneal epithelial cells frequently aligned with respect to the underlying surface patterns and migrated almost exclusively along grooves and ridges of all pitches. Direction of migration of individual cells on smooth surfaces was random. In cell dispersion assays, colonies of cells migrated out from initially circular zones predominantly along grooves and ridges, although there was some migration perpendicular to the ridges. On smooth surfaces, cells migrated radially, equally in all directions, maintaining circular colony shapes. We conclude that substratum features resembling the native basement membrane modulate corneal epithelial cell migration. These findings have relevance to the maintenance of corneal homeostasis and wound healing, as well as to the evolution of strategies in tissue engineering, corneal prosthesis development, and cell culture material fabrication. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Photochemical crosslinking improves the physicochemical properties of collagen scaffolds
Authors: Chan B. P. , So K.‐F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCollagen is a natural biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility. However, unprocessed collagen has low stability and weak mechanical strength, which limits its application in tissue engineering. The current study aimed to improve the physicochemical properties of collagen scaffolds by using photochemical crosslinking. Collagen gel was reconstituted and photochemically crosslinked by using laser irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the surface and cross‐sectional morphology. Stress‐strain relationship and other mechanical properties were determined by uniaxial tensile tests. Thermostability and water‐binding capacities also were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry and swelling ratio measurements, respectively. Photochemically crosslinked porous structures showed fine microstructure with interconnected micron‐sized pores, whereas uncrosslinked controls only showed macrosheet‐like structures. The stabilizing effect of photochemical crosslinking also was revealed by retaining the three‐dimensional lamellae‐like structures after thermal analysis in crosslinked membranes but not in the controls. Photochemical crosslinking also significantly reduced the swelling ratio, improved the stress‐strain relationship, peak load, ultimate stress, rupture strain, and tangent modulus of collagen membranes. The current study showed that an innovative photochemical crosslinking process was able to produce collagen scaffolds with fine microstructures; to strengthen, stiffen, and stabilize collagen membranes; and to modify their swelling ratio. This may broaden the use of collagen‐based scaffolds in tissue engineering, particularly for weight‐bearing tissues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Removal of toluene from air streams using a gas–liquid–solid three‐phase airlift loop bioreactor containing immobilized cells
Authors: Jianping Wen , Yu Chen , Xiaoqiang Jia , Guozhu Mao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractToluene, a kind of volatile organic compound (VOC), is widely used as a solvent (paints and coatings, gums, resins, rubber) as well as a reagent (medicines, dyes, perfumes) and is one of the components of gasoline. Over the more recent decades, many studies have led to the development of biological methods to treat toluene. This paper presents the results of a study on the treatment of airborne toluene using a laboratory‐scale gas–liquid–solid three‐phase airlift loop bioreactor containing immobilized cells. Based on the optimum operating conditions such as the temperature of 28–30 °C, pH of 7.0–7.2, and an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 39.6 s, a continuous bioprocess showed that this immobilized airlift loop bioreactor had a steady‐state performance within 15 days, the outlet concentrations of toluene were lower than the national emission standard in China (GB 16297‐1996), and the chemical oxygen demand and NH4+‐N of the effluent also satisfied the primary discharge standard in China (GB 8978‐1996). In addition, this immobilized airlift loop bioreactor had a good ability to tolerate shock loads, while the maximum elimination capacity of toluene was 168 g m−3 h−1 which was higher than those not only in biofilters and biotrickling filters but also in the airlift bioreactor with free microorganisms. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Biomass estimation using fluorescence measurements in Pichia pastoris bioprocess
Authors: Surribas Anna , Montesinos José Luis , Valero Francisco F 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe utilisation of tryptophan fluorescence as an indirect biomass measurement for the yeast Pichia pastoris, an excellent host system for the production of heterologous proteins, is presented. Direct fluorescence measurements for cell densities above 3 g dm−3 presented important interferences due to inner filter effects. To overcome this drawback, a dilution protocol is provided which allows the quenching of the emission signal caused by solid particles to be controlled. The measured tryptophan fluorescence intensities were used to estimate biomass concentration during a P pastoris batch bioprocess growing either on glycerol or methanol. The best measurement model tested was based on the application of a Luedeking–Piret‐based equation to fluorometric measurements. Thus, a linear relationship between the specific fluorescence evolution rate and specific growth rate was applied. The mean absolute relative prediction error (MARE) for biomass concentration was about 6%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin in lactobionic acid film
Authors: Zhou Hui , Chen Zhong , Yang Rongwu , Shang Libin , Li Genxi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) embedded in lactobionic acid (LA) film can give a pair of stable, well‐defined, and quasi‐reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks, located at the potential characteristic of the heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. The formal potential of the protein in LA film was −209 mV. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and the number of protons concomitant per electron during the electron transfer process have been calculated. Hydrogen peroxide could also be catalytically reduced by the protein in LA film. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of type of carbon activation on adsorption and its reversibility
Authors: Aktaş Özgür , Çeçen Ferhan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn biological treatment processes combined with the use of activated carbon, adsorbability and desorbability receive special attention. In particular, desorbability is of crucial importance for bioregeneration of activated carbon in these systems. This study aims to clarify the effect of the type of activated carbon on the extent of adsorption of phenol and the reversibility of adsorption. For this purpose, four different types of activated carbon: thermally‐activated and chemically‐activated powdered carbons (PAC), and their granular countertypes (GAC) with similar physical characteristics, were used. Adsorption and desorption isotherms showed that thermally‐activated carbons, either in powdered or granular form, were better adsorbers for phenol than chemically‐activated ones. However, apparently higher degrees of hysteresis (higher adsorption irreversibility) were calculated in the case of thermally‐activated carbons. Chemisorption was the dominant adsorption mechanism for thermally‐activated carbons, whereas physisorption was dominant for chemically‐activated ones. Degrees of hysteresis for the PACs were found to be only slightly higher than their GAC countertypes, but desorption was faster from the PACs. The results suggest that, rather than the physical form, the type of carbon activation and the chemical characteristics of the surface play a more important role on the adsorbability of phenol and its reversibility. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Coupling ultraviolet photolysis and biofiltration for enhanced degradation of aromatic air pollutants
Authors: Mohseni Madjid , Zhao Joy Lan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCoupling UV photolysis and biofiltration was evaluated as an effective treatment strategy for the enhanced degradation of hardly biodegradable aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). o‐Xylene, a recalcitrant and poorly water‐soluble VOC, was used as a model compound and treated in two parallel treatment systems with and without UV pretreatment. Contaminated streams with flow rates of 0.186–0.384 m3 h−1 and inlet o‐xylene concentrations of up to 0.22 g m−3 were passed through the treatment system. About 20% (between 10 and 35%) of o‐xylene was converted into water‐soluble intermediates during the UV photolysis stage, which partially oxidized o‐xylene to more water‐soluble and biodegradable byproducts. The untreated contaminant along with the byproducts of UV photolysis was then removed effectively in the biofiltration stage, with improvements of up to 100% compared with the control biofiltration process. The results suggested that combined UV photolysis–biofiltration is promising as an effective technique to eliminate hydrophobic and recalcitrant organic compounds from contaminated air steams. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Initial experience with balanced turbo field echo in depicting carotid artery stenosis: Comparison with multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition and 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Swaminathan Srirama V. , DeMarco J. Kevin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare balanced turbo field echo (bTFE) with multiple overlapping thin slice acquisition (MOTSA) and contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) in depicting carotid artery stenosis.Materials and MethodsIn this study 86 patients with cerebrovascular disease, who had been referred for a carotid examination, were imaged. All of the patients underwent MOTSA and one of four bTFE sequences followed by CE‐MRA. Formatted maximum intensity projections (MIPs) and source images were read in a blinded fashion by a radiologist. Inter‐ and intrasequence statistical analyses were performed.ResultsWe first compared image quality (IQ) and fat, background, and venous suppression using four distinct bTFE protocols in 118 carotid arteries, and found that bTFE4 performed the best. We then compared IQ, grades of stenosis, and background and venous suppression among bTFE4, MOTSA, and CE‐MRA. bTFE produced significantly better IQ and venous suppression (P < 0.001), and higher SNR and CNR (P < 0.05) when compared to MOTSA.ConclusionThe bTFE sequence is robust and provides high‐quality images in patients with mild to moderate carotid artery stenosis. Even though there is a tendency to overestimate stenosis with bTFE compared to CE‐MRA, the shorter scan time of bTFE coupled with enhanced SNR and CNR measurements validates it as a clinically useful adjunct to MOTSA, if not a replacement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical validation of high‐resolution fast spin‐echo MR colonography after colon distention with air
Authors: Bielen Didier J.L.E. , Bosmans Hilde T.C. , De Wever Liesbeth L.I. , Maes Frederik , Tejpar Sabine , Vanbeckevoort Dirk , Marchal Guy J.F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility of MR colonography (MRC) with air using two‐dimensional (2D) T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo (T1wFSE) in patients scheduled for conventional colonoscopy (CC) after classic bowel preparation, and assess the ability of the technique to detect colonic lesions. The distention was sufficient for diagnosis, and the technique provided adequate delineation of the wall in the majority of segments. Residual fluid obscured the wall in different segments, especially in the ascending and descending colon (supine position) and in the cecum, transverse, and sigmoid colon (prone position). These findings were consistent with CT colonography. MRC visualized three lesions, missed one lesion >10 mm, visualized none of four lesions <5 mm, and yielded one false‐positive lesion (5–10 mm). Missed lesions can be due to inconsistency in the slice positions between consecutive breath‐holds, which is inherent to the multishot technique. Residual fluid may have obscured the smaller lesions. The shortcomings of the technique are limited coverage and signal drop‐off at the borders of the field of view (FOV). Before multishot 2D T1wFSE colonography can become a valid screening method, improved patient preparation and a more practical technique are needed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glomerular filtration rate measured using the Patlak plot technique and contrast‐enhanced dynamic MRI with different amounts of gadolinium‐DTPA
Authors: Hackstein Nils , Kooijman Hendrik , Tomaselli Stefan , Rau Wigbert S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe determined the optimum gadolinium (Gd)‐DTPA dose and time window for calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using contrast‐enhanced (CE) dynamic MRI and the Patlak plot technique. Twelve adult volunteers with healthy kidneys were included in the study. As a reference method the GFR was measured by iopromide plasma clearance. A three‐dimensional gradient‐echo (GRE) sequence with a flip angle of 50° was used for MRI. Signal was measured using a body surface coil with four elements. Each volunteer was examined on four days using 2 mL, 4 mL, 8 mL, or 16 mL of Gd‐DTPA 0.5 mmol/mL dissolved with sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.9% to a total of 60 mL. The injection rate was 1 mL/second. A Patlak plot was calculated from the kidney and aorta signals. The mean reference GFR was 133 mL/min (min‐max, 116–153 mL/min). The best correlation of GFR calculated from MRI data compared to the reference method was found in a time window 30–90 seconds after aortic signal rise using 16 mL Gd‐DTPA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was r = 0.83, and the standard deviation (SD) from the line of regression was 10.5 mL/minute. We found a significantly lower average GFR(MR) using 16 mL Gd‐DTPA compared to 4 mL and 2 mL in the late time window 60–120 seconds post aortic rise. A dose of 16 mL Gd‐DTPA was optimal for measuring GFR using dynamic MRI and the Patlak plot technique. The slope should be measured in a time window of 30–90 seconds post aortic rise. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of the computer algorithm COMPLX for the detection of protein complexes in the mass spectra of simulated biological mixtures
Authors: Wong Jason W. H. , Downard Kevin M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe performance of the algorithm COMPLX for detecting protein‐ligand or other macromolecular complexes has been tested for highly complex data sets. These data contain m/z values for ions of proteins of the SWISS‐PROT database within simulated biological mixtures where each component shares a similar molecular weight and/or isoelectric point (pI). As many as 1600 ion signals were entered to challenge the algorithm to identify ion signals associated with a single protein complex that has been ionised and detected within a mass spectrometer. Despite the complexity of such data sets, the algorithm is shown to be able to identify the presence of individual bimolecular complexes. The output data can be re‐evaluated by the user as necessary in light of any additional information that is known concerning the nature of predicted associations, as well as the quality of the data‐set in terms of errors in m/z values as a direct consequence of the mass calibration or resolution achieved. The data presented illustrates that the best results are obtained when output results are ranked according to the largest continuous series of ion pairs detected for a protein or macromolecule and its complex for which the ligand mass is assigned the lowest mass error. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the center: Intel gives employees more choices through family child care
Authors: Sorensen Adam 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFlexibility and cost effectiveness became priorities for semiconductor giant Intel when it sought employee child care options in the midst of its worst business downturn. An innovative solution leverages community resources at Intel sites around the country to offer locally managed home‐based programs as an alternative to center‐based child care. In the process, the new program has improved the quality of at‐home child care, created more child care spaces, and given providers access to more clients and resources, to the benefit of the community as a whole. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning a new leadership game plan at Paychex
Authors: Heffernan Dan , Kelly Kimberly 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe rules for success have changed at perennially successful Paychex. Greater operational and product/service complexity requires a new leadership style to produce the strong performance stakeholders have come to expect. Through a new set of leadership development programs, the Paychex operations organization is rapidly reshaping its leadership culture by setting expectations and building competencies for proactive problem solving, open dialogue, and greater accountability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leadership passages: Being part of an acquisition or merger
Authors: Dotlich David L. , Noel James L. , Walker Norman 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHaving your company absorbed in a merger or acquisition is stressful, even traumatic, for most leaders, who fear the loss of job, staff, status, networks, career paths, and other fruits of a successful career. Despite such misgivings, however, the authors contend that leaders can use this passage to become a better leader—and perhaps find even greater opportunities with the new entity. They describe five ways a leader can grow and thrive, not simply survive, in an acquisition, and they offer practical suggestions for making the process less painful and more productive. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Developing women leaders: Abbott turns commitment into action and results
Authors: Patterson Delores 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWith women rapidly becoming a larger part of its workforce and its customer base, Abbott got aggressive about increasing the number of women in leadership positions. A sustained five‐year diversity effort on multiple fronts is showing laudable results. Women have made gains at all management levels across the organization—including international and R&D, two areas where long‐standing myths and misconceptions pose additional barriers to diversity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovation in learning: Agilent technologies thinks outside the box
Authors: Roche Teresa , Wick Cal , Stewart Marie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCorporate learning programs are under pressure to show a better return on investment, even as evidence mounts that classroom training may not be enough to ensure transfer of learning to the job. To improve its bottom‐line impact, the Global Learning and Leadership Development group at Agilent Technologies stepped outside the “classroom box” to focus on the learning period after formal instruction ends. It implemented a new follow‐through system and other innovations to encourage on‐the‐job application of course learning and to facilitate coaching and feedback, particularly from participants'managers, who can make the difference in successful learning transfer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantiomeric separation of mirtazapine and its metabolites by nano‐liquid chromatography with UV‐absorption and mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Fanali Salvatore , Aturki Zeineb , Ka�icka Václav , Raggi Maria Augusta , D'Orazio Giovanni 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMirtazapine (MIR) and two of its main metabolites, namely, 8‐hydroxymirtazapine and N‐desmethylmirtazapine, were separated in totheir enantiomers by nanoLC in a laboratory‐made fused‐silica capillary column (75 μm ID) packed with a vancomycin‐modified silica stationary phase. The simultaneous separation of the three couples of the studied enantiomers was achieved in less than 33 min, using an experimentally optimized mobile phase delivered in the isocratic mode. Optimization of the mobile‐phase composition was achieved by testing the influence of the buffer pH and concentration, the water concentration, the organic modifier type and concentration, and on the retention and resolution of the analytes. The optimum mobile‐phase composition contained 500 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.5/water/MeOH/MeCN, 1 : 14 : 40 : 45 v/v/v/v. Using a UV detector at 205 nm, the method was validated studying several experimental parameters such as LOD and LOQ, intraday and interday repeatability, and linearity. Good results were achieved: LOD and LOQ were in the range 5–15 and 10–40 μg/mL, respectively (the highest value was obtained for the DEMIR enantiomers); correlation coefficients, 0.9993–0.9999; the intraday and interday precision was acceptable (RSD < 2%) using an internal standard. The method was tested for the separation of the studied enantiomers in an extracted (solid‐phase) serum sample spiked with standard racemic mixture of MIR and its two metabolites. Finally, the nanoLC system was connected to a mass spectrometer through a nanoelectrospray interface and the MS, MS2, and MS3 spectra were acquired showing the potential of the system used for characterization and identification of the separated analytes.
Development of an analytical method for the determination of antidepressants in water samples by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Himmelsbach Markus , Klampfl Christian W. , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA method for the quantitative determination of major antidepressants in aqueous matrices by CE using ESI‐MS is presented. Several aqueous, nonaquoeus, and mixed aqueous/organic solvent BGEs including inorganic and organic acids were investigated with respect to their suitability for the separation of the selected analytes. Finally, due to the necessity to employ MS detection if the developed method should be suitable also for environmental samples, only MS‐compatible electrolytes were taken into account. Based on this fact optimum results were obtained with a system consisting of 1.5 M formic acid and 50 mM ammonium formate in ACN/water (85/15). Linear calibration plots could be obtained for all solutes over a concentration range of almost two orders of magnitude, and the LODs achieved were in the range of 3–6 μg/L for trazodone and 39–43 μg/L for sertraline with the TOF instrument and the single quadrupole instrument in the SIM mode, respectively. This fact allowed the assumption that the presented method can be regarded as suitable for the determination of antidepressants even in the trace amounts commonly present in environmental samples. Spiking of river water and sewage plant effluent extracts with the selected solutes showed that no interferences from the matrix usually found in such samples can be expected. Finally the quantitative determination of the seven antidepressants in environmental samples was used to benchmark the performance of CZE coupled to a single quadrupole MS and a TOF‐MS.