bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for array CGH to oligonucleotide arrays
Authors: Baldocchi R. A. , Glynne R. J. , Chin K. , Kowbel D. , Collins C. , Mack D. H. , Gray J. W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundRepresentational oligonucleotide microarray analysis has been developed for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and/or for genome copy number changes. In this process, the intensity of hybridization to oligonucleotides arrays is increased by hybridizing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–amplified representation of reduced genomic complexity. However, hybridization to some oligonucleotides is not sufficiently high to allow precise analysis of that portion of the genome.MethodsIn an effort to identify aspects of oligonucleotide hybridization affecting signal intensity, we explored the importance of the PCR product strand to which each oligonucleotide is homologous and the sequence of the array oligonucleotides. We accomplished this by hybridizing multiple PCR‐amplified products to oligonucleotide arrays carrying two sense and two antisense 50‐mer oligonucleotides for each PCR amplicon.ResultsIn some cases, hybridization intensity depended more strongly on the PCR amplicon strand (i.e., sense vs. antisense) than on the detection oligonucleotide sequence. In other cases, the oligonucleotide sequence seemed to dominate.ConclusionOligonucleotide arrays for analysis of DNA copy number or for single nucleotide polymorphism content should be designed to carry probes to sense and antisense strands of each PCR amplicon to ensure sufficient hybridization and signal intensity. © 2005 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Whole cell segmentation in solid tissue sections
Authors: Baggett Daniel , Nakaya Masa‐aki , McAuliffe Matthew , Yamaguchi Terry P. , Lockett Stephen 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the cellular and molecular basis of tissue development and function requires analysis of individual cells while in their tissue context.MethodsWe developed software to find the optimum border around each cell (segmentation) from two‐dimensional microscopic images of intact tissue. Samples were labeled with a fluorescent cell surface marker so that cell borders were brighter than elsewhere. The optimum border around each cell was defined as the border with an average intensity per unit length greater that any other possible border around that cell, and was calculated using the gray‐weighted distance transform. Algorithm initiation requiring the user to mark two points per cell, one approximately in the center and the other on the border, ensured virtually 100% correct segmentation. Thereafter segmentation was automatic.ResultsThe method was highly robust, because intermittent labeling of the cell borders, diffuse borders, and spurious signals away from the border do not significantly affect the optimum path. Computer‐generated cells with increasing levels of added noise showed that the approach was accurate provided the cell could be detected visually.ConclusionsWe have developed a highly robust algorithm for segmenting images of surface‐labeled cells, enabling accurate and quantitative analysis of individual cells in tissue. © 2005 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Performance characteristics of a microsphere immunoassay using recombinant HCV proteins as a confirmatory assay for the detection of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus
Authors: McHugh Thomas M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important assay for the identification of individuals infected with this virus. However, the confirmation of antibody positivity remains problematic. Currently none of the screening or confirmatory assays provide quantitation of the antibodies present. A microsphere assay was designed to provide improved confirmation.MethodsMicrospheres of 3.6 μm in diameter coated with NeutraAvidin were used to capture biotinylated HCV recombinant proteins. A phycoerythrin goat anti‐human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used to detect specific antibody captured to the microsphere. A human IgG calibrator was designed that was internal to each sample in the microsphere assay.ResultsDetection of HCV‐specific antibody using these microspheres was straightforward in most samples, with the lower detection limit set at 0.01 μg equivalents of human IgG per milliliter. In antibody‐positive samples, the HCV antibody levels ranged from 0.09 to 55 μg equivalents of IgG per milliliter. Forty‐nine of the 54 samples (91%) previously identified as having an indeterminate serologic pattern were negative in the microsphere assay.ConclusionsThe microspheres and biotinylated HCV proteins were stable for longer than 8 months when stored at 2°C to 8°C and coating of the microspheres was reproducible with an interassay coefficient of variation less than 10%. Avidin‐coated microspheres provide an easy solid support on which to design an assay provided the capture reagent being used can be biotinylated effectively. Confirmation of antibody to HCV can be performed using this assay format. © 2005 International Society for Analytical Cytology
IL‐2 production by dendritic cells is not critical for the activation of cognate and innate effectors in draining lymph nodes
Authors: Schartz Noël E. C. , Chaput Nathalie , Taieb Julien , Bonnaventure Pierre , Trébeden‐Nègre Hélène , Terme Magali , Ménard Cédric , Lebbé Céleste , Schimpl Anneliese , Ardouin Patrice , Zitvogel Laurence 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) are unique antigen‐presenting cells capable of triggering NK cell effector functions and priming naive T cells in vivo. Microbial stimulation induces early IL‐2 production by mouse DC. Previous reports demonstrated that IL‐2 is enriched at the site of DC/T cell interaction and promotes allogeneic T cell proliferation. However, the direct role of DC‐derived IL‐2 in the differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and in NK cell triggering in vivo has not been investigated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of mouse bone morrow‐derived DC results in early IL‐2 production unless IL‐4 is introduced in DC cultures. Here we show that IL‐2 produced by LPS‐activated DC is dispensable for cognate T cell responses since IL‐2 loss of function DC elicit OVA‐specific Tc1 effector and memory lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes in a setting where ex vivo cultured DC do not transfer antigens to host DC. Moreover, adoptively transferred IL‐2 loss of function DC maintain their capacity to trigger NK cell proliferation/recruitment in lymph nodes. Therefore, immediate inducible IL‐2 production by DC following microbial infection might play a regulatory role at ports of entry rather than in secondary lymphoid organs.
Attention to visual speech gestures enhances hemodynamic activity in the left planum temporale
Authors: Pekkola Johanna , Ojanen Ville , Autti Taina , Jääskeläinen Iiro P. , Möttönen Riikka , Sams Mikko 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObserving a speaker's articulatory gestures can contribute considerably to auditory speech perception. At the level of neural events, seen articulatory gestures can modify auditory cortex responses to speech sounds and modulate auditory cortex activity also in the absence of heard speech. However, possible effects of attention on this modulation have remained unclear. To investigate the effect of attention on visual speech‐induced auditory cortex activity, we scanned 10 healthy volunteers with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 T during simultaneous presentation of visual speech gestures and moving geometrical forms, with the instruction to either focus on or ignore the seen articulations. Secondary auditory cortex areas in the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale were active both when the articulatory gestures were ignored and when they were attended to. However, attention to visual speech gestures enhanced activity in the left planum temporale compared to the situation when the subjects saw identical stimuli but engaged in a nonspeech motion discrimination task. These findings suggest that attention to visually perceived speech gestures modulates auditory cortex function and that this modulation takes place at a hierarchically relatively early processing level. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intensity modulation of TMS‐induced cortical excitation: Primary motor cortex
Authors: Fox Peter T. , Narayana Shalini , Tandon Nitin , Fox Sarabeth P. , Sandoval Hugo , Kochunov Peter , Capaday Charles , Lancaster Jack L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe intensity dependence of the local and remote effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on human motor cortex was characterized using positron‐emission tomography (PET) measurements of regional blood flow (BF) and concurrent electromyographic (EMG) measurements of the motor‐evoked potential (MEP). Twelve normal volunteers were studied by applying 3 Hz TMS to the hand region of primary motor cortex (M1hand). Three stimulation intensities were used: 75%, 100%, and 125% of the motor threshold (MT). MEP amplitude increased nonlinearly with increasing stimulus intensity. The rate of rise in MEP amplitude was greater above MT than below. The hemodynamic response in M1hand was an increase in BF. Hemodynamic variables quantified for M1hand included value‐normalized counts (VNC), intensity (z‐score), and extent (mm3). All three hemodynamic response variables increased nonlinearly with stimulus intensity, closely mirroring the MEP intensity‐response function. VNC was the hemodynamic response variable which showed the most significant effect of TMS intensity. VNC correlated strongly with MEP amplitude, both within and between subjects. Remote regions showed varying patterns of intensity response, which we interpret as reflecting varying levels of neuronal excitability and/or functional coupling in the conditions studied. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of human endometrial cancer cell senescence through modulation of HIF‐1α activity by EGLN1
Authors: Kato Hidenori , Inoue Takafumi , Asanoma Kazuo , Nishimura Chie , Matsuda Takao , Wake Norio 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPrevious observations indicate that transfer of human chromosome (chr.) 1 induces senescence of endometrial cancer cells. To identify the gene(s) responsible for the senescence, we first analyzed the structural integrity of the introduced chr. 1 in immortal revertant from chr.1‐transferred HHUA cells. The data demonstrated a correlation between nonrandom deletions within the 1q31‐qter region and reversion to immortality. Next, by using a panel of 12 microsatellite markers, we found high frequencies of loss of heterozygosity in the particular 1q region (1q41‐42), in surgically removed samples. Then, we screened the genetic mutation of the genes involved in this region, with endometrial cancer panel. Among them, EGLN1, that is a member of prolyl hydroxylase and can facilitate HIF‐1 degradation by ubiquitination through the hydroxylation of HIF‐1, was mutated at significantly higher frequencies (12/20, 60%). Introduction of wild‐type EGLN1 into endometrial cancer cell lines (HHUA, Ishikawa and HWCA), that carry EGLN1 gene mutations induced senescence. This was invoked through the negative regulation of HIF‐1 expression. In addition, alternative way of negative regulation of HIF‐1 by Factor inhibiting HIF‐1(FIH), SiRNA against HIF‐1, and HIF‐1 inhibitor, YC‐1, could also induce senescence. Thus, EGLN1 can be considered as a candidate tumor suppressor on chr. 1q, and our observation could open the new aspect in exploring the machinery of senescence induction associated with HIF‐1 signal transduction. These results also suggested the availability of negative regulation of HIF‐1 signals for uterine cancer treatment, especially for uterine sarcomas that have worse prognosis and show a high frequency of EGLN1 gene abnormality. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioactive and mechanically strong Bioglass®‐poly(D,L‐lactic acid) composite coatings on surgical sutures
Authors: Chen Q. Z. , Blaker J. J. , Boccaccini A. R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNew coating processes have been investigated for degradable (Vicryl®) and nondegradable (Mersilk®) sutures with the aim to develop Bioglass® coated polymer fibers for wound healing and tissue engineering scaffold applications. First, the aqueous phase of a Bioglass® particle slurry was replaced with a poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) polymer dissolved in solvent dimethyle carbonate (DMC) to act as third phase. SEM observations indicated that this alteration significantly improved the homogeneity of the coatings. Second, a new coating strategy involving two steps was developed: the sutures were first coated with a Bioglass®–PDLLA composite film followed by a second PDLLA coating. This two‐step process of coating has addressed the problem of poor adherence of Bioglass® particles on suture surfaces. The coated sutures were knotted to determine qualitatively the mechanical integrity of the coatings. The results indicated that adhesion strength of coatings obtained by the two‐step method was remarkably enhanced. A comparative assessment of the bioactivity of one‐step and two‐step produced coatings was carried out in vitro using acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 28 days. Coatings produced by the two‐step process were found to have similar bioactivity as the one‐step produced coatings. The novel Bioglass®/PDLLA/Vicryl® and Bioglass®/PDLLA/Mersilk® composite sutures are promising bioactive materials for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Treatment of clients coping with infidelity: An introduction
Authors: Snyder Douglas K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIntimate emotional and sexual relationships outside of marriage or a committed relationship occur with high frequency in both community and, particularly, clinical populations. Clinicians are likely to confront infidelity not only among couples they treat, but also among individuals struggling with their own or their partner's affair and among children contending with consequences of a parent's infidelity. This introduction highlights special concerns related to treating individuals, couples, or families dealing with infidelity addressed in this issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session. The articles comprising this issue advance explicit guidelines and practice recommendations for assessment, intervention, and ethical conduct. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1367–1370, 2005.
The multidimensional and developmental nature of infidelity: Practical applications
Authors: Allen Elizabeth S. , Atkins David C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhen a partner has been unfaithful, an important therapeutic task is to assess factors that contributed to the affair and that may affect the individual's and couple's healing. This article provides a framework to assess multiple factors and their influence on an affair over time, as well as on responses to an affair. We address factors related to the person involved in an affair, his or her partner, their relationship, and the external context. These factors are considered across six phases of an affair: predisposition, approach, initial involvement, maintenance, disclosure or discovery, and response. A case study is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the framework in working with couples in which there has been an affair. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1371–1382, 2005.
Assessing relationship betrayals
Authors: Whisman Mark A. , Wagers Tina Pittman 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRelationship betrayals, such as sexual and emotional infidelity, are commonly encountered in the practice of psychotherapy, yet clinicians often report difficulties in assessing and treating them. In this article we offer suggestions for assessing relationship betrayals. We address the definition of relationship betrayals, methods of assessing relationship betrayals, when and whom to assess, confidentiality, and assessing related clinical concerns. We illustrate with case vignettes the assessment and treatment of betrayals in close relationships. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 1383–1391, 2005.
Mixture model approach to tumor classification based on pharmacokinetic measures of tumor permeability
Authors: Spilker Mary E. , Seng Kok‐Yong , Yao Amy A. , Daldrup‐Link Heike E. , Shames David M. , Brasch Robert C. , Vicini Paolo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo categorize the disease severity of mammary tumors in an animal model through the application of a novel tumor permeability mixture model within a hierarchical modeling framework.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six rats with mammary tumors of varying grade were imaged via dynamic contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI using albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30. Time‐dependent contrast agent concentration curves for blood and tumor tissue were obtained and a mathematical model of microvascular blood–tissue exchange was developed under the hypothesis that endothelial integrity is disrupted in a manner proportional to the degree of malignancy, with benign tumors showing no disruption of the vasculature endothelium. This permeability model was incorporated into a statistical model for the benign and malignant tumor subgroups that enabled automatic subject classification. The structural and statistical models were implemented using the software Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling (NONMEM) to statistically separate subjects into the two subgroups.ResultsIndividual tumor classifications (as benign or malignant) were evaluated against the Scarff‐Bloom‐Richardson microscopic scoring method as applied to the tumor histology of each subject. The model‐based classification resulted in 90.9% sensitivity, 92.9% specificity, and 91.7% accuracy.ConclusionMixture model analysis provides a robust method for subject classification without user intervention and bias. Although the present results are promising, additional research is needed to further evaluate this technique for diagnostic purposes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The integrating and disciplining tendencies of ERPs: evidence from Australian organizations
Authors: Hall Richard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThere is relatively little research on the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERPs) on the organization of work.This paper uses evidence drawn from five case studies to examine the impact of ERPs on the way that organizations are structured, the content of jobs, the distribution of control and authority throughout the organization and the types of skills needed by organizations.Evidence from the case studies suggests that the standardization of business processes associated with ERPs helps produce considerable changes in work organization, which have both disciplining and integrating tendencies.Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Necessary but not sufficient: ERPs and strategic HRM
Authors: Dery Kristine , Wailes Nick 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Many vendors claim that ERPs can allow organizations to unlock the strategic potential for important functional areas of their business.

This paper assesses this claim in relation to the HR function and uses case study evidence to examine whether the introduction of ERPs is necessary for HR to become more strategic in its orientation.

The case studies reveal that while ERPs may be necessary they are not sufficient in allowing HR to play a more strategic role. Furthermore, the case study evidence suggests that the active engagement of HR in the introduction and ongoing functioning of an ERP is important in organizations realizing some of the wider benefits associated with these systems.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of N‐ and O‐glycopeptides of recombinant human erythropoietins as potential biomarkers for doping analysis by means of microscale sample purification combined with MALDI‐TOF and quadrupole IT/RTOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Stübiger Gerald , Marchetti Martina , Nagano Marietta , Grimm Rudolf , Gmeiner Günter , Reichel Christian , Allmaier Günter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe structural characterization of the O‐ and N‐glycan structures of three different commercially available recombinant human erythropoietins (rhEPOs) is represented by means of a microscale sample purification using ZipTip® technology and MALDI‐TOF and MALDI low‐energy CID MS. Glycopeptides were released from rhEPO samples by a differential endoproteolytic digestion to obtain site‐specific glycosylation patterns. Mass accuracies in the range of ± 0.04% obtained by the high‐resolution TOF instrument allowed an unambiguous assignment of N‐glycan structures via glycan database software. Furthermore, the O‐glycan structures were directly analyzed on the glycopeptide level by MS/MS experiments. Principally, site‐specific glycosylation was found to be very similar for the three different rhEPOs (EPO‐α, EPO‐β, and novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP)) but exhibiting quantitative differences in distinct O‐ and N‐glycan moieties. Significant differences were found in the degree of sialylation and acetylation. Especially, a considerable degree of variation of the O‐acetylation of sialic acid residues could be realized on the glycan structures of O‐ and N‐glycopeptides, whereas EPO‐α and EPO‐β could be clearly differentiated from NESP solely on the O‐glycopeptide level.
Automation of solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: O'Reilly John , Wang Qing , Setkova Lucie , Hutchinson Joseph P. , Chen Yong , Lord Heather L. , Linton Christopher M. , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis review discusses developments and future challenges in the automation of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). The emphasis of the review is placed on automated SPME‐GC using fibre and in‐tube configurations, and includes discussion of recent developments that may have significant implications for automation such as superelastic fibre assemblies and internally cooled fibre‐SPME. Existing methods used for automated SPME‐LC are summarised together with a more detailed overview of recent developments such as using solvent desorption followed by syringe injection using a robotic system. Progress towards automation of other SPME configurations is also discussed.
Synthesis of Thermosensitive PNIPAM‐co‐MBAA Nanotubes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization within a Porous Membrane
Authors: Cui Yue , Tao Cheng , Zheng Suping , He Qiang , Ai Sufen , Li Junbai 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Thermosensitive polymer nanotubes can be fabricated within an aminopropylsilane‐modified porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) followed by template removal. DSC experiments prove that the synthesized PNIPAM‐co‐MBAA copolymer nanotubes have a reversible thermosensitive behavior. The temperature‐induced changes in dimension and shape of the nanotubes were studied by AFM in real time in an aqueous environment. It indicates that the nanotubes undergo a shape alteration from an “ellipse” to “circular” shape in water upon heating to LCST or above.DSC curves of PNIPAM‐co‐MBAA nanotubes.magnified imageDSC curves of PNIPAM‐co‐MBAA nanotubes.