bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial and second gastric carcinomas
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Jiang Yongwen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDFamilial risks in gastric carcinoma have been assessed mainly through case–control studies based on reported but not medically verified carcinomas in family members. Reliable data on familial risks are needed for prevention and clinical decisions.METHODSThe authors used the nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database on 10.2 million individuals and more than 34,000 gastric carcinomas to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastric carcinoma in offspring, from birth to 66 years old, by carcinomas in family members. In addition, SIRs for second gastric carcinomas were analyzed.RESULTSStandardized incidence ratios for gastric carcinoma were 1.31 (95% CI, 0.97–1.70) and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.08–1.92) when a parent presented with gastric carcinoma or gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. The risk was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.10–2.16) in offspring whose diagnosis was at ages older than 50 years. Offspring risk from parental corpus carcinoma was of borderline significance whereas that from cardia carcinoma was below unity. The sibling risk for gastric carcinoma was 3.16 (95% CI, 1.35–5.72) and 5.75 (95% CI, 2.07–11.26) when diagnosed before age 50. The population attributable proportion of familial gastric carcinoma was 0.45%. Risks for second gastric carcinomas were increased in men and women after esophageal and skin carcinomas, and after non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that environmental factors, perhaps Helicobacter pylori infections are the main reason for familial clustering of gastric carcinoma. The population attributable proportion of familial gastric carcinoma is much lower than that cited in the literature. The patterns of multiple carcinomas suggest that immunologic factors modulate susceptibility to gastric carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:1157–65. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10322
Low expression of p27Kip1 is associated with tumor size and poor prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Migita Toshiro , Oda Yoshinao , Naito Seiji , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDProliferative activity in tumors depends on regulation of the cell cycle. p27Kip1 (p27) plays a pivotal role as a negative regulator of the cell cycle. A decrease in p27 expression has been reported in many kinds of tumors, but little is known regarding p27 in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).METHODSExpression of p27 and the related cyclins (cyclin A, cyclin E, and cyclin D1) was examined immunohistochemically in 67 patients with of clear cell RCC. The Ki‐67 labeling index (MIB‐1 LI) and clinicopathologic parameters related to a poor prognosis also were analyzed. To determine their prognostic significance, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed.RESULTSIn tumors, there was considerable immunoreactivity for cyclin A, cyclin D1, and MIB‐1, and the mean values for each were 1.08%, 16.1%, and 1.5%, respectively. Cyclin E expression was rare. The expression of p27 was correlated strongly with the expression of cyclin A (correlation coefficient, 0.432; P < 0.0004) and cyclin D1 (correlation coefficient, 0.476; P < 0.0004). Also, an inverse correlation was present between p27 expression and tumor size (P = 0.0377). In univariate analysis, the unfavorable prognostic factors were high TNM stage (P < 0.0001), large tumor size (P = 0.0016), high histologic grade (P = 0.0104), and low p27 expression (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, high TNM stage (P = 0.0035) and low p27 expression (P = 0.0235) were independent prognostic factors for disease specific survival in patients with RCC.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that low p27 expression may be a significant and independent, unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:973–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10338
Cyclical change of hMSH2 protein expression in normal endometrium during the menstrual cycle and its overexpression in endometrial hyperplasia and sporadic endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Hamid Atia A. , Mandai Masaki , Konishi Ikuo , Nanbu Kanako , Tsuruta Yuko , Kusakari Takashi , Kariya Masatoshi , Kita Masato , Fujii Shingo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of hMSH2 protein, one of the major DNA repair proteins, until now, had not been elucidated in terms of normal endometrial function during the menstrual cycle. The current study was designed to address this issue and to determine whether the expression of hMSH2 is altered in the course of endometrial carcinogenesis.METHODSImmunohistochemical reactivity with a monoclonal antibody against the hMSH2 protein was examined in endometrial tissue specimens from 45 patients with normal endometrium, 51 patients with endometrial hyperplasia, and 27 patients with endometrial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) also was studied in the same samples as a measure of the proliferative activity and was compared with hMSH2 expression in each sample.RESULTSThe functional layer of normal endometrium displayed cyclic changes in hMSH2 protein expression during the menstrual cycle, showing positive expression in the proliferative phase and becoming weak to negative in the secretory phase. This expression pattern was similar to that of PCNA. Sixty‐three percent of endometrial carcinomas showed strong positivity for both hMSH2 and PCNA expression, and 7.4% had an intensity of hMSH2 protein expression similar to that found in normal proliferative endometrial glandular cells. There was only 1 sample (3.7%) that was completely negative for hMSH2 expression, and 26% of samples were weakly positive for PCNA and hMSH2 protein. All simple hyperplasias and the majority of complex and atypical hyperplasias showed positive immunoreactivity for hMSH2 and PCNA.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that hMSH2 protein expression changes during the menstrual cycle in parallel with proliferative activity. In most patients with sporadic endometrial carcinoma, the expression of hMSH2 protein is consistent with PCNA expression. In contrast, loss of hMSH2 expression is observed rarely in patients with sporadic endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:997–1005. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10341
Polymerase chain reaction on blood for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in cancer patients
Authors: Raad Issam , Hanna Hend , Sumoza David , Albitar Maher 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe premortem diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is difficult to make and often missed. Several retrospective studies have suggested that Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed on serum or whole blood is useful in diagnosing IPA. Two prospective studies confirmed this finding but included a small number of IPA cases.METHODSThe current study was performed to determine the diagnostic role of Aspergillus PCR performed on whole blood specimens from 54 patients with cancer and pulmonary infiltrates for which bronchoscopy with fungal stains and cultures were performed. PCR through amplified Aspergillus mitochondrial DNA and alkaline protease genes was performed on whole blood samples.RESULTSThe cohort in the current study was comprised of 4 patients with definite IPA, 7 patients with probable IPA, 7 patients with possible IPA, and 36 control patients with no evidence of IPA. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values all were 100% for definite IPA cases and 57%, 100%, 100%, and 92%, respectively, for each of the probable and possible IPA cases.CONCLUSIONSAspergillus PCR on whole blood samples is highly sensitive for the detection of IPA and is predictive for IPA. The sensitivity appears to be correlated with the certainty of diagnosis as proven by tissue invasion. Cancer 2002;94:1032–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10349
A multiinstitutional, concurrent chemoradiation trial of strontium‐89, estramustine, and vinblastine for hormone refractory prostate carcinoma involving bone
Authors: Akerley Wallace , Butera James , Wehbe Terek , Noto Richard , Stein Barry , Safran Howard , Cummings Frank , Sambandam Sundaresan , Maynard John , Di Rienzo Gregory , Leone Louis 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDEstramustine phosphate (EMP) and vinblastine have radiosensitizing properties and significant activity against hormone refractory prostate carcinoma. Strontium‐89 is a palliative agent that acts as a selective radiation source for bone metastasis. The combination of EMP, vinblastine, and strontium‐89 was developed to exploit the potential for radiosynergy.PATIENTS AND METHODSForty‐four patients at the Brown Oncology Group affiliated hospitals were treated with oral EMP 600 mg/m2 daily on Weeks 1–4 and 7–10, vinblastine 4 mg/m2 intravenously once each week on Weeks 1–4 and 7–10, and strontium‐89 2.2 MBq/kg on Day 1. Courses were repeated every 12 weeks. Response assessment was based on a change in the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, correlated with change in measurable disease and bone scan appearance.RESULTSA greater than or equal to 50% decline in PSA for at least 6 weeks was observed in 21 patients (48%, 95% confidence interval, 33–62%). Median duration of response was 23 weeks (range, 6–70.8 weeks). The median survival was 13 months with 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates of 55% and 25%, respectively. After completion of protocol therapy, a retrospective review showed that only nine patients received subsequent palliative external beam radiation after progression.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of strontium‐89 to the regimen of EMP and vinblastine can be delivered safely and in repeated doses, provides effective palliation, and may decrease the need for future radiation therapy. A randomized trial is necessary to quantify these effects. Cancer 2002;94:1654–60. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10437
2‐Chloroethyl‐3‐sarcosinamide‐1‐nitrosourea (SarCNU) inhibits prostate carcinoma cell growth via p53‐dependent and p53‐independent pathways
Authors: Huynh Hung , Nguyen Thanh Hung , Panasci Lawrence , Do PhucTien 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate carcinoma is the most commonly occurring malignancy in men. Although 2‐chloroethyl‐3‐sarcosinamide‐1‐nitrosourea (SarCNU), an analog of the chloroethylnitrosoureas, has been used in the treatment of advanced solid tumors, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic activity of this agent are not well understood. In the current study, the authors sought to investigate the effects of SarCNU on prostate carcinoma cell growth in vivo and in vitro.METHODSMale SCID mice underwent subcutaneous implantation (on both flanks) of human CWR‐22 and CWR‐22R prostate carcinoma xenografts. Mice were treated with either vehicle or 60 or 80 mg SarCNU per kg body weight for 5 days, with tumor growth being assessed every 3 days. Animals were sacrificed 21 days after the final injection, and tumors subsequently were collected, weighed, and processed for analysis. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to obtain data on the localization of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1. Cell counting, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assays, cell cycle analyses, Western blotting, and in vitro kinase assays were performed to determine the effects of SarCNU on growth, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, cell cycle–regulated protein levels, and Cdc‐2 activity, respectively.RESULTSSarCNU reduced tumor incidence and inhibited the growth of CWR‐22 and CWR‐22R xenografts. In addition, treatment with this agent led to increases in p21Cip1/Waf1 levels and p53 phosphorylation at Ser15. In vitro administration of SarCNU to cells with wild‐type p53 (LNCaP and primary CWR‐22 cells) and cells with mutant p53 (PC‐3 cells) resulted in G2/M arrest and the reduction of cellular Cdc‐2 activity. Up‐regulation of p53 levels, p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, and p21Cip1/Waf1 levels in primary CWR‐22 and LNCaP cells, as well as up‐regulation of Cdc‐2 phosphorylation at Tyr15 in PC‐3 cells, was detected.CONCLUSIONSSarCNU induced G2/M arrest in prostate carcinoma cells via p53‐dependent up‐regulation of p21Cip1/Waf1 and p53‐independent phosphorylation of Cdc‐2 at Tyr15. These findings suggest a potential role for SarCNU in the treatment of prostate malignancies. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Attitude dead reckoning in a collaborative virtual environment using cumulative polynomial extrapolation of quaternions
Authors: Chui Yim‐Pan , Heng Pheng‐Ann 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new attitude dead‐reckoning paradigm in a collaborative virtual environment (CVE). We derive a general polynomial construction scheme of attitude trajectory that uses a number of previous packets in order to extrapolate the future trajectory of objects by quaternion representation. The scheme allows consecutive attitudes received from the network to propagate in a smooth manner. This cumulative trajectory construction scheme helps in developing our adaptive prediction and convergence mechanism of the overall estimation paradigm.Aiming to facilitate the remote rendering of objects, our proposed cumulative polynomial extrapolation technique provides a robust management of rotational states of objects and at the same time reduces the bandwidth consumption compared with the traditional method. By devising a quaternion‐based attitude estimation paradigm, the complete predictive management for shared states is built; this permits us to estimate rotational trajectory of objects as well as camera views. The proposed algorithm can perform remote rendering accurately in the presence of network latency. Experiments are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HLA real‐time extension
Authors: Zhao Hui , Georganas Nicolas D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe IEEE 1516 Standard ‘High Level Architecture (HLA)’ and its implementation ‘Run‐Time Infra‐structure (RTI)’ defines a general‐purpose network communication mechanism for Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS). However, it does not address real‐time requirements of DIS. Current operating system technologies can provide real‐time processing through some real‐time operating systems (RTOSs) and the Internet is also moving to an age of Quality of Service (QoS), providing delay and jitter bounded services. With the availability of RTOSs and IP QoS, it is possible for HLA to be extended to take advantage of these technologies in order to construct an architecture for Real‐Time DIS (RT‐DIS). This extension will be a critical aspect of applications in virtual medicine, distributed virtual environments, weapon simulation, aerospace simulation and others.This paper outlines the current real‐time technology with respect to operating systems and at the network infrastructure level. After summarizing the requirements and our experiences with RT‐DIS, we present a proposal for HLA real‐time extension and architecture for real‐time RTI. Similar to the growth of real‐time CORBA (Common Object Request Broker) after the mature based CORBA standard suite, Real‐Time HLA is a natural extension following the standardization of HLA into IEEE 1516 in September 2000. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is prediction possible? Chaotic behavior of Multiple Equilibria Regulation Model in cellular automata topology
Authors: Katerelos Ioannis D. , Koulouris Andreas G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this article, we present the Multiple Equilibria Regulation (MER) Model in cellular automata topology. As argued in previous explorations of the model, for certain parameter values, the behavior of the system exhibits transient chaos (namely, the system is unpredictable but ends in a final steady state). In order to approach empirical reality, we introduce a cellular automata topology. Examining the outcome of the simulations leads us to conclude that for certain parameter values tested, the system yields chaotic behavior. Thus, cellular automata contribution has proven crucial, because the introduced topology converts the behavior of the system from transient chaos to “pure” chaos, i.e., the system is not only unpredictable on the long run but, in addition, it will never rest in a final steady state. According to these findings, authors argue the theoretical hypothesis that the urge for “prediction” in social sciences should be reconsidered in terms of “predictability horizon”. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10: 23–36, 2004
Thermocapillary‐buoyancy flow of silicon melt in a shallow annular pool
Authors: Li Y. R. , Peng L. , Wu S. Y. , Imaishi N. , Zeng D. L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn order to understand the nature of surface spoke patterns on silicon melt in industrial Czochralski furnaces, a series of unsteady three‐dimensional numerical simulations were conducted for thermocapillary‐buoyancy flow of silicon melt in annular pool (inner radius ri = 15 mm, outer radius ro = 50 mm, depth d = 3 mm). The pool is heated from the outer cylindrical wall and cooled at the inner wall. Bottom and top surfaces either are adiabatic or allow heat transfer in the vertical direction. Results show that a small temperature difference in the radial direction generates steady roll‐cell thermocapillary‐buoyancy flow. With large temperature difference, the simulation can predict three‐dimensional oscillatory flow, which is characterized by spoke patterns traveling in the azimuthal direction. The small vertical heat flux (3 W/cm2) does not have significant effects on the characteristics of this oscillatory flow. Details of the flow and temperature disturbances are discussed and the critical conditions for the onset of the oscillatory flow are determined. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructural, thermal, and electrical properties of Bi1.7V0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox glass‐ceramic superconductor
Authors: Kayed T. S. , Calįnlį N. , Aksu E. , Koralay H. , Günen A. , Ercan İ. , Aktürk S. , Çavdar Ş. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA glass‐ceramic Bi1.7V0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconductor was prepared by the melt‐quenching method. The compound was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, current‐voltage characteristics, transport resistance measurements, and Hall effect measurements. Two main phases (BSCCO 2212 and 2223) were observed in the x‐ray data and the values of the lattice parameters quite agree with the known values for 2212 and 2223 phases. The glass transition temperature was found to be 426 °C while the activation energy for crystallization of glass has been found to be Ea = 370.5 kJ / mol. This result indicates that the substitution of vanadium increased the activation energy for the BSCCO system. An offset Tc of 80 K was measured and the onset Tc was 100 K. The Hall resistivity ρH was found to be almost field‐independent at the normal state. A negative Hall coefficient was observed and no sign reversal of ρH or RH could be noticed. The mobility and carrier density at different temperatures in the range 140‐300 K under different applied magnetic fields up to 1.4 T were also measured and the results are discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growing CuI crystals with decomplexation method modified by concentration programming
Authors: Gu M. , Wang D. X. , Huang Y. T. , Zhang R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn attempt to grow CuI single crystal with decomplexation method modified by concentration programming in silica gel was performed. The results show that decreasing the concentration of feeding solution gradually can yield pure regular single crystals with larger size compared with those of increasing concentration. Replenishing feeding solution every 24 h produces crystals with higher quality than those of every 48 h. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of annealing on the lattice parameter of polycrystalline CdS thin films
Authors: Lozada‐Morales R. , Zelaya‐Angel O. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCubic CdS (β‐CdS) polycrystalline thin films were prepared on glass substrates by chemical synthesis at 80 °C. Samples were subjected to thermal treatments (TT) in the range of temperatures (T) 180 – 500 °C during 30 hours in different ambients. Annealing in air and in H2 produces in CdS larger lattice parameter enlargements (≤2.5 %) when T of TT increases up to T ≤ 500 °C. Whereas, annealing in Ar + S2 and vacuum provokes intermediate (≤1.2 %) and smaller (≤0.9 %) maxima values of the lattice parameter increments, respectively. Energy band gap (Eg) as a function of T of TT and as a function of the lattice parameter has been also studied where it was observed that Eg behaves in very different manners depending on the ambient chosen for annealing. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A simple variable step size LMS adaptive algorithm
Authors: Haweel Tarek I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new LMS based variable step size adaptive algorithm is presented. The step size is incremented or decremented by a small positive value, whenever the instantaneous error is positive or negative, respectively. The algorithm is simple, robust and efficient. It is characterized by fast convergence and low steady state mean squared error. The performance of the algorithm is analysed for a stationary zero‐mean white‐Gaussian input. MC simulations are provided to demonstrate its improved performance over the conventional LMS (Proc. IEEE 1976; 64:1151–1162) and some other variable step size adaptive algorithms (IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 1992; 40:1633–1642; IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 1997; 45:631–639) within a range of statistical environments. For a non‐stationary input, the proposed algorithm behaves similar to these algorithms. A modified version of the algorithm is presented to perform in the presence of abrupt changes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2‐D Experimental Study of the Plasma Parameter Variations of the Magnetically Sustained DC Discharge in Cylindrical Symmetry in Argon
Authors: Holík M. , Bilyk O. , Marek A. , Kudrna P. , Behnke J. F. , Tichý M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTwo similar experimental set‐ups were used to measure axial and radial distribution of discharge plasma parameters at different magnetic fields. Both systems were cylindrical magnetrons with outer cylindrically‐shaped anode and coaxially placed cathode – both the discharge vessels had diameters approximately 6 cm and they were 30 cm and 11 cm long respectively. In the longer magnetron the measurements were made using three radially movable cylindrical Langmuir probes placed at three different axial positions and in the shorter magnetron the axially movable probe was used. From the measurements there were evaluated electron density, electron mean energy, plasma potential and floating potential. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EEDF Measurements in the Diffusion‐extraction Region of a Plasma in ARIS (Applied Radio‐frequency Ion Source)
Authors: Soberón F. , Ellingboe A. R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn plasma systems used for H–/D– extraction, a magnetic “filter‐field” is created parallel to the extraction plate. The spatial development of the EEDF and the plasma chemistry as the plasma diffuses through this region is of primary interest. In the ARIS apparatus electrostatic probes are used to measure the spatially resolved EEDF resulting from a plasma diffusing through a multi‐line magnetic field. Measurements are made with a single Langmuir probe, using the AC superposition method. Calculation of the EEDF follows from the Druyvesteyn analysis. The “temperature” of the high‐energy component of the EEDF is compared to results from double Langmuir probes. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)