bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximity and Inequality in Academia
Authors: Ralfs Annika 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen mattering is defined as being able to disseminate ideas on a global scale, not all universities and researchers matter equally. Along with many other factors, geographical location can be a source of inequality in the science system, which is characterized by a persistent core–semi-periphery–periphery structure. Collaboration between high-, middle-, and low-income countries, frequently enabled by the mobility of individual scientists, is a strategy that researchers pursue in building their scientific capital. The circumstances of and barriers to scientific collaboration between researchers in high-, middle-, and low-income countries can be described drawing on the theoretical concept of proximity in its spatial and non-spatial dimensions. However, as will be argued with this critical narrative review, the concept of proximity can explain how rather than why researchers collaborate in a science system that shows a pronounced concentration of opportunities to build scientific capital in its core regions. Because the proximity literature scarcely touches on aspects of inequality and tends to be limited in its scope to the experiences of higher-income countries, this chapter aims to explore how the concept can be expanded by incorporating findings from research on inequality in global academia. This will provide a more comprehensive approach to understanding international research collaboration.
Derivative corrections to extremal black holes with moduli
Authors: Etheredge Muldrow , Heidenreich Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We derive formulas for the leading mass, entropy, and long-range self-force corrections to extremal black holes due to higher-derivative operators. These formulas hold for black holes with arbitrary couplings to gauge fields and moduli, provided that the leading-order solutions are static, spherically-symmetric, extremal, and have nonzero horizon area. To use these formulas, both the leading-order black hole solution and the higher-derivative effective action must be known, but there is no need to solve the derivative-corrected equations of motion. We demonstrate that the mass, entropy and self-force corrections involve linearly-independent combinations of the higher-derivative couplings at any given point in the moduli space, and comment on their relations to various swampland conjectures.
Regulation potential of transcribed simple repeated sequences in developing neurons
Authors: Chung Tek Hong , Zhuravskaya Anna , Makeyev Eugene V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSimple repeated sequences (SRSs), defined as tandem iterations of microsatellite- to satellite-sized DNA units, occupy a substantial part of the human genome. Some of these elements are known to be transcribed in the context of repeat expansion disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that the transcription of SRSs may also contribute to normal cellular functions. Here, we used genome-wide bioinformatics approaches to systematically examine SRS transcriptional activity in cells undergoing neuronal differentiation. We identified thousands of long noncoding RNAs containing >200-nucleotide-long SRSs (SRS-lncRNAs), with hundreds of these transcripts significantly upregulated in the neural lineage. We show that SRS-lncRNAs often originate from telomere-proximal regions and that they have a strong potential to form multivalent contacts with a wide range of RNA-binding proteins. Our analyses also uncovered a cluster of neurally upregulated SRS-lncRNAs encoded in a centromere-proximal part of chromosome 9, which underwent an evolutionarily recent segmental duplication. Using a newly established in vitro system for rapid neuronal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells, we demonstrate that at least some of the bioinformatically predicted SRS-lncRNAs, including those encoded in the segmentally duplicated part of chromosome 9, indeed increase their expression in developing neurons to readily detectable levels. These and other lines of evidence suggest that many SRSs may be expressed in a cell type and developmental stage-specific manner, providing a valuable resource for further studies focused on the functional consequences of SRS-lncRNAs in the normal development of the human brain, as well as in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Videolaryngoskopie – Pro und Kontra
Authors: Götz Eva , Theiler Lorenz , Knapp Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Videolaryngoskopie hat sich in den letzten Jahren von der Back-up-Technik bei schwieriger direkter Laryngoskopie zum Standardverfahren für die endotracheale Intubation entwickelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine kurze Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft zu diesem Thema. Mögliche „Nachteile“ der Videolaryngoskopie, die in Diskussionen immer wieder vorgebracht werden, sollen kritisch betrachtet werden.
Electroactivity of the magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1
Authors: Fessler Mathias , Su Qingxian , Jensen Marlene Mark , Zhang Yifeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria reside in sediments and stratified water columns. They are named after their ability to synthesize internal magnetic particles that allow them to align and swim along the Earth’s magnetic field lines. Here, we show that two magnetotactic species, Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1, are electroactive. Both M. magneticum and M. gryphiswaldense were able to generate current in microbial fuel cells with maximum power densities of 27 and 11 µW/m2, respectively. In the presence of the electron shuttle resazurin both species were able to reduce the crystalline iron oxide hematite (Fe2O3). In addition, M. magneticum could reduce poorly crystalline iron oxide (FeOOH). Our study adds M. magneticum and M. gryphiswaldense to the growing list of known electroactive bacteria, and implies that electroactivity might be common for bacteria within the Magnetospirillum genus.
Die Ausgeschlossenen? „Leistungsgerechtigkeit“ im inklusiven Sportunterricht
Authors: Giese Martin , Hoffmann Thomas 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag möchte aus der Perspektive der „Ausgeschlossenen“ zeigen, inwiefern camouflierte Leistungs- und Fähigkeitsimperative in bildungstheoretische und fachdidaktische Grundannahmen innerhalb der Sportpädagogik eingewoben sind. Wir folgen dabei der These, dass die theoretische Modellierung dieser Grundannahmen im aktuellen sportpädagogischen Diskurs, für Menschen mit Behinderung exkludierend wirken bzw. Ungerechtigkeiten hervorbringen und die Anerkennung von Leistungsdiversität verhindern. Wir argumentieren, dass die bildungstheoretischen und fachdidaktischen Grundannahmen auf der Ebene der sportpädagogischen Theoriebildung einer Reformulierung bedürfen, um „Leistungsgerechtigkeit“ im inklusiven Sportunterricht zu fördern. Im ersten Teil des Beitrags wird dazu der Versuch einer theoretischen Annäherung an den Begriff „Leistungsgerechtigkeit“ unternommen und im zweiten Teil die Perspektive der Disability Studies und ihrer Kritik des (Dis‑)Ableism eingenommen, um eine theoretische Folie für die behinderten- und inklusionspädagogischen Analysen sportpädagogischer Modellierungen zu skizzieren. Diese Analysen identifizieren exkludierende Elemente in prominenten fachdidaktischen Konzeptionen und verdeutlichen, wie diese Modellierungen eine gerechte Leistungsbeurteilung konterkarieren. Abschließend geht es darum, Vorschläge zur Diskussion zu stellen, nach welchen Kriterien eine diversitätssensible Reformulierung sportpädagogischer Grundannahmen erfolgen kann, welche die Anerkennung von Leistungsdiversität im Rahmen eines inklusiven Sportunterrichts befördert.
Effectiveness of Additive Manufactured Titanium Implants in the Reconstruction of Large Cranial Defects: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Chakranarayan Ashish , Kumari Pushpa , Nagori Shakil Ahmad , Sudhan Manoharan Dwark , Menon P. Suresh , Kapri Anita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Replacement of lost soft and hard tissues of the human body has always been a daunting task across all surgical specialties. Reconstruction of a cranial deformity is challenging due to the functional and cosmetic requirements. A major constraint with large cranial bony deformity reconstruction is the nonavailability of graft of a specific shape and size.

Materials and Method
A total of four cases of large cranial defects which included three cases of unilateral and one case of midline residual deformity were reconstructed at our center using customized titanium implants. These implants were fabricated using additive manufacturing/3D printing technology utilizing computerized tomographic data.

Conclusion
The additively manufactured titanium implants appear to be a viable option in the reconstruction of large cranial defects.
An Integrated Computational Framework for the Neurobiology of Memory Based on the ACT-R Declarative Memory System
Authors: Stocco Andrea , Rice Patrick , Thomson Robert , Smith Briana , Morrison Don , Lebiere Christian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMemory is a complex process that spans multiple time-scales and stages, and, as expected, involves multiple brain regions. Traditionally, computational models of memory are either too abstract (Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) to be meaningfully connected to a biological substrate, or, when explicitly connected, are narrowly focused on one specific region and process (Blum & Abbott, 1996; Weber et al., 2017). By contrast, a comprehensive model of memory with a plausible neural interpretation would be extremely valuable to drive further research in memory function and dysfunction. In this paper, we attempt to fill in this gap by providing a detailed biological analysis of ACT-R’s declarative memory system. This system, developed over four decades, has evolved into a consistent framework that describes how memories are formed, retrieved, forgotten, mistaken, and merged. Building on existing mappings between some components and their biological counterpart, as well as the existing literature, this paper provides a comprehensive view of how the framework’s various computations map onto different brain regions, their network dynamics and functional connectivity, and biological structure. We also show that these mappings provide further insights and explanations for puzzling findings in the memory disorders literature. Finally, we outline the remaining gaps (such as the transition from episodic to semantic memory) and how they could be addressed by future research and modeling efforts.
Quantifying Mineral Dust Emissions on the Tibetan Plateau With a Modified Dust Source Map
Authors: Zhang Zhida , Liang Jiening , Ji Hongyu , Li Mengqi , Ding Jie , Tang Chenguang , Zhang Min , Yu Zeren , Cao Xianjie , Tian Pengfei , Ren Yan , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe region surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is widely considered a primary global dust source, with mineral dust comprising a significant proportion of aerosols over the TP. Current research on TP dust has mainly focused on transport from the surrounding deserts, with little focus on dust emissions from the TP's interior. The erodibility factor used by the WRF‐Chem (ERODDEF) is 0 for the TP, so the model cannot simulate the dust emissions inside the plateau. Thus, we constructed a high‐resolution erodibility data set (ERODSDS) based on a reliable dust source distribution and intensity map. Based on the modified EROD map, the WRF‐Chem model was used to simulate dust emissions and direct radiative forcing on the TP in 2018. With the modified EROD map, WRF‐Chem can well simulate the temporal variation and spatial pattern of mineral dust on the plateau, which greatly improves the model's dust emissions simulation accuracy on the TP.
On the Energy Coupling From Magnetosonic Waves to High‐Frequency Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves: Statistical Analysis
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Ma Qianli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the inner magnetosphere, fast magnetosonic waves (MS waves) are known to resonantly interact with ring current protons, causing these protons to gain energy preferentially in the direction perpendicular to the background magnetic field. An anisotropic distribution of enhanced ring current protons is a necessary condition to excite electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves which are known to facilitate a rapid depletion of ultra‐relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. So, when a simultaneous observation of high‐frequency EMIC (HFEMIC) waves, anisotropic low‐energy protons, and MS waves was first reported, a chain of energy flow from MS waves to HFEMIC waves through proton heating was naturally proposed. In this study, we carry out a statistical analysis using Van Allen Probes data to provide deeper insights into this energy pathway. Our results show that the occurrence of HFEMIC waves exhibits good correlation with the enhanced flux and anisotropy of low‐energy protons, but the correlation between the low‐energy protons and the concurrent MS waves is rather poor. The latter result is given support by quasilinear diffusion analysis, indicating negligible momentum diffusion rates at sub‐keV energies, unless MS wave frequency gets very close to the proton cyclotron frequency (which constitutes only a small number of the cases). The fact that the first chain of the coupling is statistically inconclusive calls for an alternative explanation for the major source of the low‐energy anisotropic proton population in the inner magnetosphere.
What Are the Main Causes of Positive Subtropical Low Cloud Feedbacks in Climate Models?
Authors: Webb Mark J. , Lock Adrian P. , Ogura Tomoo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate positive subtropical low cloud feedback mechanisms in climate models which have performed the CMIP6/CFMIP‐3 AMIP and AMIP uniform +4K experiments while saving CFMIP‐3 process diagnostics on model levels. Our analysis focuses on the trade cumulus/stratocumulus transition region between California and Hawaii, where positive low cloud feedbacks are present in the JJA season. We introduce a methodology to test various positive cloud feedback mechanisms proposed in the literature as the main causes of the low cloud responses in the models. Causal hypotheses are tested by comparing their predictions with the models' responses of clouds, cloud controlling factors, boundary layer depth and temperature/humidity tendencies to climate warming. Changes in boundary layer depth, relative humidity in the cloud layer, convective moistening rate and large‐scale humidity advection at the top of the boundary layer are shown to be crucial for identifying the main causes of the low cloud reductions in the models. For the cases examined, our approach narrows down the seven mechanisms considered to between one and three remaining candidates for each model. No single mechanism considered can explain the feedback in all of the models at the locations examined, but the surface latent heat flux/convective entrainment mechanism remains a candidate for BCC‐CSM2‐MR, IPSL‐CM6A‐LR, and MRI‐ESM2.0, while the surface upwelling longwave mechanism remains for CESM2, HadGEM3‐GC3.1‐LL, and MIROC6.
A New Hybrid Mass‐Flux/High‐Order Turbulence Closure for Ocean Vertical Mixing
Authors: Garanaik Amrapalli , Pereira Filipe S. , Smith Katherine , Robey Rachel , Li Qing , Pearson Brodie , Van Roekel Luke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile various parameterizations of vertical turbulent fluxes at different levels of complexity have been proposed, each has its own limitations. For example, simple first‐order closure schemes such as the K‐Profile Parameterization (KPP) lack energetic constraints; two‐equation models like directly solve an equation for the turbulent kinetic energy but do not account for non‐diffusive fluxes, and high‐order closures that include the high‐order transport terms are computationally expensive. To address these, we extend the Assumed‐Distribution Higher‐Order Closure (ADC) framework originally proposed for the atmospheric boundary layer and apply it to the ocean surface boundary layer. By assuming a probability distribution function relationship between the vertical velocity and tracers, all second‐order and higher‐order moments are exactly constructed and turbulence closure is achieved in the ADC scheme. In addition, this ADC parameterization has full energetic constraints and includes non‐diffusive fluxes without the computational cost of a full higher‐order closure scheme. We have tested the ADC scheme against a combination of large eddy simulation (LES), KPP, and for surface buoyancy‐driven convective mixing and found that the ADC scheme is robust with different vertical resolutions and compares well to the LES results.
Tectono‐Stratigraphic Insights on the Dynamics of a Complex Subduction Zone, Northern Peruvian Forearc
Authors: Lajo‐Yáñez J. A. , Flint S. S. , Huuse M. , Brunt R. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwo main types of subduction are recognized around the world: accretionary and erosive. The northern Peruvian margin is a well‐known example of a margin subjected to subduction erosion, but to date the along‐margin variability and temporal changes in subduction process and forearc basin evolution have not been characterized in detail. Interpretation of regional seismic lines and integration of oil‐industry wells and seafloor data captures the erosive nature of subduction underneath the forearc with only a minor accretionary component to the north. Episodes of uplift driven by plate coupling were followed by normal faulting/extensional collapse due to plate decoupling. This mechanism explains the dominance of normal faulting across the forearc until the Oligocene with a slight reactivation within the Miocene. The subduction history is complex and includes a reduction in plate convergence rate related to forearc crustal shortening, represented by large‐scale structures including the Peru fault (reactivated) and the Illescas fault‐propagation anticlines of the Northwest Peru transpressional system. This crustal deformation started in the Miocene. Integration with magnetic anomaly data indicates that activity of the present‐day transpressional system driven by tectonic escape of the Nazca Sliver toward the northeast, may explain the seismicity gap in southern Ecuador and northern Peru. An evolutionary model of the northern Peruvian margin shows how subduction zone geodynamics left its erosive fingerprint in the forearc basin configuration.
Impact of anthropogenic accumulation on phytoplankton community and harmful algal bloom in temporarily open/closed estuary
Authors: Kumar Ponnusamy Sathish , Gopal Dharani , Jha Dilip Kumar , Ratnam Krupa , Jayapal Santhanakumar , Pandey Vikas , Srinivas Venkatnarayanan , Rathinam Arthur James 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton community dynamics in a temporarily open/closed Swarnamukhi river estuary (SRE), located on the South East coast of India was investigated and correlated to that of the adjacent coastal waters. Understanding the seasonal variability of the phytoplankton community and influencing factors are essential to predicting their impact on fisheries as the river and coastal region serve as the main source of income for the local fishing communities. Downstream before the river meets the sea, an arm of the Buckingham Canal (BC), carrying anthropogenic inputs empties into the Swarnamukhi River (SR1). The impact of anthropogenic effects on the phytoplankton community at BC was compared to other estuarine stations SR2 (upstream), SR1 (downstream), SRM (river mouth) and coastal station (CS). In BC station, harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Chaetoceros decipiens (2940 × 103 cells L−1) and Oscillatoria sp. (1619 × 103 cells L−1) were found during the southwest monsoon and winter monsoon, respectively. These HABs can be linked to the anthropogenic input of increased nutrients and trace metals. The HABs of Oscillatoria sp. were shown to be induced by elevated concentrations of nitrate (10.18 µM) and Ni (3.0 ppm) compared to ambient, while the HABs of C. decipiens were caused by elevated concentrations of silicate (50.35 µM), nitrite (2.1 µM), and phosphate (4.37 µM). Elevated nutrients and metal concentration from the aquaculture farms, and other anthropogenic inputs could be one of the prime reasons for the recorded bloom events at BC station. During this period, observed bloom species density was found low at other estuarine stations and absent at CS. The formation of bloom events during the closure of the river mouth could be a major threat to the coastal ecosystem when it opens. During the Osillatoria sp. bloom, both the Cu and Ni levels were higher at BC. The elevated concentration of nutrients and metals could potentially affect the coastal ecosystem and in turn fisheries sector in the tropical coastal ecosystem.
The urban heat island under extreme heat conditions: a case study of Hannover, Germany
Authors: Kabisch Nadja , Remahne Finja , Ilsemann Clara , Fricke Lukas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlobal warming has resulted in higher frequencies of climate extremes, such as drought periods or heat waves. Heat waves are intensified in urban areas due to the urban heat island effect. Studies are inconclusive as to whether the urban heat island effect is intensified during heat waves. Using the city of Hannover, Germany, as a case study, we analysed the intensity of the urban heat island under unprecedented summer heat conditions in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020, which were among the hottest in Germany since weather records began. We compared the intensity of the urban heat island across these years with the non-heat year of 2017. Differences were analysed for various inner-city urban locations and an urban park, while accounting for their distinct land use and land cover characteristics. We identified the urban heat island effect across all years investigated in the study and also found a significant intensified urban heat island effect during the years of unprecedented heat, when night-time temperature minima are considered. The urban heat island was identified on a lower level, however, with maximum daily temperatures when compared to the non-heat year. The lowest intensity of the urban heat island was found for the urban park site, highlighting the need for more city-wide greening strategies, including tree-covered and open green spaces, to provide all residents with the cooling services of green spaces.