bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric relaxation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) under high‐pressure carbon dioxide
Authors: Hirota Shin‐Ichi , Tominaga Yoichi , Asai Shigeo , Sumita Masao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn in situ dielectric measurement for atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (at‐PMMA) was performed under high‐pressure CO2 under various pressures and temperatures. The at‐PMMA has the acetate side group with a large dipole moment. In the glassy state, a local relaxation process (β‐process) can be observed using dielectric measurement. In the rubbery state, the micro‐Brownian motion of main chain (α‐process) occurs, and the β‐process changes into αβ‐process coordinated with the α‐process. The dielectric loss (ε″) spectrum of at‐PMMA in the glassy state is asymmetric because of the density fluctuation for the amorphous structure. The loss peak frequency shifted to higher frequencies, and the relaxation strength increased with increasing CO2 pressure. In the glassy state, the shape of ε″ spectrum became more symmetric with increasing CO2 pressure. These show that the molecular mobility enhanced by the plasticization effect of CO2 allows the dipolar side groups in the high‐density region to contribute to the relaxation process. We also found that the apparent activation energy decreased under high‐pressure CO2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2951–2962, 2005
The psychological costs of inadequate cervical smear test results: three‐month follow‐up
Authors: French David P. , Maissi Esther , Marteau Theresa M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that upon receipt of inadequate cervical smear test results, women have elevated levels of state anxiety and concern about their test results, similar to those of women receiving abnormal smear test results. The current paper reports data on the psychological impact three months after receiving an inadequate smear test result. Two groups of women who initially received a normal test result (n=184) or either a first or non‐consecutive inadequate smear test result (n=140) responded. Women with initially received inadequate smear test results no longer had higher state anxiety than women who received normal test results. However, women who initially received inadequate smear test results were still more concerned about their test results and less satisfied with the information they had received about these initial test results, even after receiving normal results from repeat cervical smear tests. Concern was strongly predicted by dissatisfaction with information provided about inadequate smear test results. These results underscore the need to improve communication about inadequate cervical smear test results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solids Movement in Rotary Kilns in the Slumping Regime: Model Using a Control Plane Parallel to the Steepest Descent
Authors: Gonzalez Luis M. , Romero Joaquim J. B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new approach is proposed to model the bulk movement of solids in rotary drums operating at low rotation speeds, in slumping and rolling regimes. The model yields an equation similar to Saeman's equation, but which is valid also for the slumping regime and active area in the rolling regime.The model was developed for constant depth using a control surface containing the steepest descent direction, so that any contribution from sliding particles to flow rate can be neglected. By considering an appropriate virtual kiln, the model is extended to the more general, variable depth situation.
The Simulation of the Electrostatic Spray Painting Process with High‐Speed Rotary Bell Atomizers. Part I: Direct Charging
Authors: Domnick Joachim , Scheibe Andreas , Ye Qiaoyan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHigh‐speed rotary bell atomizers are widely used in the painting industry for high quality applications. They provide a highly uniform film thickness with reasonable transfer efficiency due to the additional electrostatic field supporting the droplet transport towards the target. A basic requirement for this type of paint atomizer is a fine and reproducible atomization of a large variety of different paints, ranging from solvent‐based materials to highly non‐Newtonian water‐borne systems. Furthermore, a broad range of paint flow rates must be covered.The present contribution summarizes investigations aiming to completely model the electrostatically supported spray painting process by means of CFD. In part I, so‐called direct charging atomizers, where high voltage is applied directly to the rotating bell, are considered. Here, charging of the droplets takes place at the bell edge and corona effects can be neglected.A powerful commercial code, in the present case Fluent in its current releases, has been extended to account for the electrostatic field and the space charge effect due to the charged paint droplets. As input conditions, the air flow from the shaping air orifices and measured droplet sizes and velocities close to the bell edge using phase‐Doppler anemometry and Fraunhofer diffraction were taken. Also, LDA measurements in front of the target were performed, yielding comparative data of the airflow field.In general, numerical and experimental results are in good agreement. This is especially true for the final film thickness on the target and the transfer efficiency, i.e. the amount of paint solids finally deposited on the target. The agreement was achieved using a droplet charge of 5% of the droplet size dependent Rayleigh limit.These results serve as a basis for a complete painting process simulation for complex work pieces, e.g. whole car bodies, in the future. This task, however, can only be successfully completed performing unsteady calculations with moving atomizers along given robot paths.
Milling of Organic Solids in a Jet Mill. Part 1: Determination of the Selection Function and Related Mechanical Material Properties
Authors: de Vegt Onno , Vromans Herman , Faassen Fried , van der Voort Maarschalk Kees 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe particle size distribution of pharmaceutically active materials and other fine chemicals determines the performance of the final product to a large extent. Often milling of these particles is necessary. It is not possible to determine the milling conditions solely on the basis of the particle size distribution of the starting material, because the (mechanical) properties of the material also determine the desired milling conditions. It is often not possible to optimize milling conditions experimentally because the amount of material available is frequently highly limited. A theoretical approach towards predicting the best milling conditions is needed. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to predict the desired milling conditions given a specific (organic) solid material. The selection function and the breakage distribution function are usually the starting points in modeling the milling process. The selection function is the parameter that includes the material and mill properties. Dimensional analysis made it possible to correlate the selection function with material properties. A set of theories available in the literature enable prediction of the material properties. For different compounds (lactose, paracetamol, a steroidal compound, and two heterocyclic compounds) the selection functions were calculated. The calculations predict differences: lactose reduces slowly in size, while one of the heterocyclic compounds shows the most intense fracture.
Evolutionary plasticity of protein families: Coupling between sequence and structure variation
Authors: Panchenko Anna R. , Wolf Yuri I. , Panchenko Larisa A. , Madej Thomas 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this work we examine how protein structural changes are coupled with sequence variation in the course of evolution of a family of homologs. The sequence–structure correlation analysis performed on 81 homologous protein families shows that the majority of them exhibit statistically significant linear correlation between the measures of sequence and structural similarity. We observed, however, that there are cases where structural variability cannot be mainly explained by sequence variation, such as protein families with a number of disulfide bonds. To understand whether structures from different families and/or folds evolve in the same manner, we compared the degrees of structural change per unit of sequence change (“the evolutionary plasticity of structure”) between those families with a significant linear correlation. Using rigorous statistical procedures we find that, with a few exceptions, evolutionary plasticity does not show a statistically significant difference between protein families. Similar sequence–structure analysis performed for protein loop regions shows that evolutionary plasticity of loop regions is greater than for the protein core. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grouping of amino acid types and extraction of amino acid properties from multiple sequence alignments using variance maximization
Authors: Wrabl James O. , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUnderstanding of amino acid type co‐occurrence in trusted multiple sequence alignments is a prerequisite for improved sequence alignment and remote homology detection algorithms. Two objective approaches were used to investigate co‐occurrence, both based on variance maximization of the weighted residue frequencies in columns taken from a large alignment database. The first approach discretely grouped amino acid types, and the second approach extracted orthogonal properties of amino acids using principal components analysis. The grouping results corresponded to amino acid physical properties such as side chain hydrophobicity, size, or backbone flexibility, and an optimal arrangement of approximately eight groups was observed. However, interpretation of the orthogonal properties was more complex. Although the principal components accounting for the largest variances exhibited modest correlations with hydrophobicity and conservation of glycine, in general principal components did not correspond to physical properties of amino acids. Although not intuitive, these amino acid mathematical properties were demonstrated to be robust and to improve local pairwise alignment accuracy, relative to 20 amino acid frequencies alone, for a simple test case. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of folding pathway and kinetics among plant hemoglobins using an average distance map method
Authors: Nakajima Shunsuke , Álvarez‐Salgado Emma , Kikuchi Takeshi , Arredondo‐Peter Raúl 
Published: September 2005

AbstractComputational methods, such as the ADM (average distance map) method, have been developed to predict folding of homologous proteins. In this work we used the ADM method to predict the folding pathway and kinetics among selected plant nonsymbiotic (nsHb), symbiotic (Lb), and truncated (tHb) hemoglobins (Hbs). Results predicted that (1) folding of plant Hbs occurs throughout the formation of compact folding modules mostly formed by helices A, B, and C, and E, F, G, and H (folding modules A/C and E/H, respectively), and (2) primitive (moss) nsHbs fold in the C→N direction, evolved (monocot and dicot) nsHbs fold either in the C→N or N→C direction, and Lbs and plant tHbs fold in the C→N direction. We also predicted relative folding rates of plant Hbs from qualitative analyses of the stability of subdomains and classified plant Hbs into fast and moderate folding. ADM analysis of nsHbs predicted that prehelix A plays a role during folding of the N‐terminal domain of Ceratodon nsHb, and that CD‐loop plays a role in folding of primitive (Physcomitrella and Ceratodon) but not evolved nsHbs. Modeling of the rice Hb1 A/C and E/H modules showed that module E/H overlaps to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis HbO two‐on‐two folding. This observation suggests that module E/H is an ancient tertiary structure in plant Hbs. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new catalog of protein β‐sheets
Authors: Parisien Marc , Major François 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSystematic protein folding studies depend on protein three‐dimensional structure annotation, the assignment of amino acid structural types from atomic coordinates. Significant stabilizing factors between adjacent β‐sheet peptide chains have recently been characterized and were not considered during the development of previously published annotation methods. To produce an accurate β‐sheet domain catalog and to encompass the full β‐sheet spectacle, we developed a method, β‐Spider, which evaluates a packing energy between adjacent peptide chains in accordance with the newly discovered stabilizing factors. While considering important energetic factors, our approach also minimizes the use of subjective criteria, such as (ϕ,ψ) boundaries and sets of H‐bonding motifs that are used in other existing methods. As a result of the application of β‐Spider to a set of available high‐resolution X‐ray crystal structures, we present here a new β‐sheet catalog that differs considerably from the one produced by the most acclaimed DSSP method. The catalog includes new H‐bonding motifs that were never reported. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uterine artery Doppler at 11–14 weeks of gestation to screen for hypertensive disorders and associated complications in an unselected population
Authors: Gómez O. , Martínez J. M. , Figueras F. , Del Río M. , Borobio V. , Puerto B. , Coll O. , Cararach V. , Vanrell J. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo establish reference values for the first‐trimester uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) and to investigate the role of UtA Doppler in the early prediction of hypertensive disorders and their associated complications in an unselected Mediterranean population.MethodsA prospective study including 1091 consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing routine early ultrasound screening at 11–14 weeks of gestation was performed. The left and right UtA were examined by color and pulsed Doppler transvaginally. The mean PI and the presence of bilateral protodiastolic notching were cross‐sectionally recorded. Reference ranges were calculated and the pregnancies were followed for occurrence of pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption and stillbirth. The sensitivity and predictive values of a mean UtA‐PI > 95th percentile and the presence of bilateral notching in the prediction of these pregnancy complications were calculated.ResultsA total of 999 women were finally included. Both the mean UtA‐PI and the prevalence of bilateral notches showed a significant linear decrease between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation. Sixty‐seven (6.7%) pregnancies developed at least one of the formerly described complications, including 22 (2.2%) cases of pre‐eclampsia and 37 (3.7%) cases with intrauterine growth restriction. Compared with women with a normal outcome, complicated pregnancies showed a significantly higher mean PI (2.04 vs. 1.75; P < 0.05, t‐test) and a higher prevalence of bilateral notching (58% vs. 41%; P < 0.05, Chi‐square test). Using the 95th percentile in mean UtA‐PI as a cut‐off, 23.9% (95% CI, 13.7–34.1) of complicated pregnancies and 30.8% (95% CI, 5.68–55.85) of severe cases were identified.ConclusionsOur results suggest that pregnancies with an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders and related complications already have an abnormally increased UtA‐PI in early pregnancy. However, the use of a single uterine Doppler measurement for screening purposes in unselected early pregnancy populations has limited clinical value. The use of UtA‐PI combined with other screening tests needs to be determined by further investigation. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal umbilical‐portal‐hepatic venous system in two siblings: a sign for congenital cholangiodysplasia
Authors: Hofstaetter C. , Blaas H.‐G. , Isaksen C. , Bolz A.‐G. , Eik‐Nes S. H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report on two siblings who presented prenatally with a ductus venosus (DV) that was abnormally located between the middle hepatic vein (mHV) and the proximal inferior vena cava (IVC), and with hepatomegaly. The first case presented with polyhydramnios at 33 weeks and therapeutic amniocentesis resulted in premature delivery soon after admission. The neonate died 19 days later and autopsy revealed congenital cholangiodysplasia. The second fetus presented for routine screening at 19 weeks of gestation and was found to have similar abnormalities of the venous system, suggesting the same origin of disease. Termination of pregnancy was performed and autopsy revealed congenital cholangiodysplasia. Our observations suggest that an abnormal umbilical‐portal‐hepatic venous system may be associated with a congenital malformation of the liver. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thrombophilia and fetal germinal matrix‐intraventricular hemorrhage: does it matter?
Authors: Ramenghi L. A. , Fumagalli M. , Righini A. , Triulzi F. , Kustermann A. , Mosca F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGerminal matrix‐intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH‐IVH) in the fetus is very rare and the role of thrombophilia in its pathogenesis is unclear. We report on the prenatal diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging of GMH‐IVH in a 24‐week fetus. The newborn presented posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly and was found to be heterozygous for two thrombophilic patterns, factor V Leiden and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. The combination of this hypercoagulable state and prenatal GMH‐IVH is discussed together with the opportunity of testing these infants for thrombophilia. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residential treatment of adolescents with severe behavioural problems
Authors: Scholte E.M. , van der Ploeg J.D. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe development of adolescents with severe behavioural problems receiving residential treatment in Holland was empirically studied during 1 year. Treatment methods included a standard program comprising behavioural modification and three specific treatment programs: psychodynamic treatment, structured community living and adventurous learning. The development of the youngsters who remained in the programs () was compared with the development of the youngsters who prematurely dropped out (). All programs had positive developmental outcomes, adventurous learning and structured community living yielded the most behavioural improvement and the standard program the least, and psychodynamic treatment lay in between. Despite the positive developmental outcomes, for many of the youngsters prolongation of the treatment was still needed after 1 year. Requirements for outcome research in residential care are discussed.
Population structure of Merluccius merluccius along the Iberian Peninsula coast
Authors: Castillo Ana G.F. , Alvarez Paula , Garcia-Vazquez Eva 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPrespawning hake caught in eight locations around the Iberian Peninsula were genetically analysed. The distribution of variation at five microsatellite loci suggests that the species follows a population model of isolation by distance in this geographical area. Three different areas can be identified: the Mediterranean Sea, the Portuguese coast, and the Cantabric Sea. The lack of differentiation between samples caught in the VIIIa,b,d and in the VIIIc ICES Areas suggests that, based on genetic information, the boundary between northern and southern stocks of European hake should be reconsidered.
The role of neurotrophins in the maintenance of the spinal cord motor neurons and the dorsal root ganglia proprioceptive sensory neurons
Authors: Stephens Heather E. , Belliveau Anne C. , Gupta Jagdish S. , Mirkovic Slobodan , Kablar Boris 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to approach the question of neuronal dependence on neurotrophins during embryonic development in mice in a way other than gene targeting. We employed amyogenic mouse embryos and fetuses that develop without any skeletal myoblasts or skeletal muscle and consequently lose motor and proprioceptive neurons. We hypothesized that if, in spite of the complete inability to maintain motor and proprioceptive neurons, the remaining spinal and dorsal root ganglia tissues of amyogenic fetuses still contain any of the neurotrophins, that particular neurotrophin alone is not sufficient for the maintenance of motor and proprioceptive neurons. Moreover, if the remaining spinal and dorsal root ganglia tissues still contain any of the neurotrophins, that particular neurotrophin alone may be sufficient for the maintenance of the remaining neurons (i.e., mostly non‐muscle‐ and a few muscle‐innervating neurons). To test the role of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia tissues in the maintenance of its neurons, we performed immunohistochemistry employing double‐mutant and control tissues and antibodies against neurotrophins and their receptors. Our data suggested that: (a) during the peak of motor neuron cell death, the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia distribution of neurotrophins was not altered; (b) the distribution of BDNF, NT‐4/5, TrkB and TrkC, and not NT‐3, was necessary for the maintenance of the spinal cord motor neurons; (c) the distribution of BDNF, NT‐4/5 and TrkC, and not NT‐3 and Trk B, was necessary for the maintenance of the DRG proprioceptive neurons; (d) NT‐3 was responsible for the maintenance of the remaining neurons and glia in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (possibly via TrkB).
Meta‐analysis: capsule enteroscopy vs. conventional modalities in diagnosis of small bowel diseases
Authors: MARMO R. , ROTONDANO G. , PISCOPO R. , BIANCO M. A. , CIPOLLETTA L. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryBackground : Prospective trials support the role of capsule enteroscopy as an improvement in diagnosing mucosal lesions in the small bowel.Aim : To determine the diagnostic yield and safety of capsule enteroscopy vs. alternative diagnostic modalities (such as push enteroscopy, small bowel follow‐through or enteroclysis) in patients with small bowel diseases.Methods : A search for prospective studies comparing capsule enteroscopy vs. other diagnostic tests in adults was performed between 1966 and 2005. Selected articles were included in a meta‐analysis. Three analyses were run separately, all included studies and studies having occult gastrointestinal bleeding or Crohn's disease as main outcome.Results : Seventeen studies (526 patients) met inclusion criteria. The rate difference (i.e. the absolute pooled difference in the rate of positive findings) between capsule enteroscopy and alternative modalities for small bowel disease was 41% (95% CI 35.6–45.9); 37% (95% CI 29.6–44.1) for occult gastrointestinal bleeding; and 45% (95% CI 30.9–58.0) for Crohn's disease. Failure to visualize the caecum occurred in 13%, significantly more often in occult bleeders (17%) than in patients with Crohn's disease (8%) (P < 0.006). Adverse events were recorded in 29 patients (6%). Capsule retention was more frequent in patients with Crohn's disease (3% vs. 1%, OR 4.37).Conclusions : Capsule enteroscopy proved significantly superior to push enteroscopy and small bowel radiology in the diagnosis of ileal diseases. Capsule enteroscopy is safe, though prior radiology is still necessary to rule out small bowel strictures in patients with known or suspected Crohn's disease.