bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared community history strengthens plant diversity effects on below‐ground multitrophic functioning
Authors: Amyntas Angelos , Gauzens Benoit , Ciobanu Marcel , Warnke Lara , Maraun Mark , Salamon Jörg‐Alfred , Merkle Mona , Bassi Leonardo , Hennecke Justus , Lange Markus , Gleixner Gerd , Scheu Stefan , Eisenhauer Nico , Brose Ulrich 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The relationship of plant diversity and several ecosystem functions strengthens over time. This suggests that the restructuring of biotic interactions in the process of a community's assembly and the associated changes in function differ between species‐rich and species‐poor communities. An important component of these changes is the feedback between plant and soil community history.

In this study, we examined the interactive effects of plant richness and community history on the trophic functions of the soil fauna community. We hypothesized that experimental removal of either soil or plant community history would diminish the positive effects of plant richness on the multitrophic functions of the soil food web, compared to mature communities. We tested this hypothesis in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment by comparing plots across three treatments (without plant history, without plant and soil history, controls with ~20 years of plot‐specific community history).

We found that the relationship between plant richness and below‐ground multitrophic functionality is indeed stronger in communities with shared plant and soil community history. Our findings indicate that anthropogenic disturbance can impact the functioning of the soil community through the loss of plant species but also by preventing feedbacks that develop in the process of community assembly.
Specimen‐based records and geographic locations of brittle stars (Echinodermata) collected from Sagami Bay
Authors: Okanishi Masanori , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Hasegawa Naohiro , Osawa Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBrittle stars are marine invertebrates that often dominate the seafloor. Their global distribution and abundance make them useful as marine environmental bioindicators. Despite their importance, however, there is limited availability of data on brittle star specimens in Japan. In this study, we focused on Sagami Bay, one of the oldest Japanese marine areas for the study of brittle stars, and organized the data from the specimens collected there. This collection included specimens collected between 2005 and 2021, comprising a total of 695 samples, which were identified as 108 species. All data are deposited in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) through the Japan Node of GBIF and are thus accessible via the GBIF portal under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. The Metadata for this abstract published in the Data Article section of the journal are available in MetaCat in JaLTER at https://jalter.diasjp.net/data/ERDP-2025-01.
Review article: Coaching in emergency medicine: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Rixon Andrew , Wilson Samuel , Wong Lee Yung , Elder Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCoaching as a discipline has seen significant growth in medicine over the last decade, especially in medical education, but is at the early stages of recognition in emergency medicine. The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the state of coaching practice and research in emergency medicine and outline a future research agenda. Based on PRISMA guidelines, a structured electronic literature search of Embase, Scopus and EBSCOhost was conducted. Studies were included if they met all three criteria for population (‘clinicians’), concept (‘coaching’), context (‘emergency medicine’) and were published in peer‐reviewed empirical studies between 2004 and 2024. Data extraction was performed by one investigator and checked for accuracy by a second investigator. A quality assessment was conducted. Of the 1441 unique articles identified in the initial search, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our review revealed three key findings: coaching is examined in relation to clinician well‐being and resilience, non‐technical skills, and clinician technical skills, however its influence upon non‐technical skills is the main focus; coaching studies are predominantly outcome studies, with process studies receiving little attention and; a range of theories and models are used in studies of coaching in emergency medicine. This review revealed that coaching research in emergency medicine is in its infancy, highly fragmented and largely disconnected from the wider coaching research literature. Nevertheless, despite the early stages of the current research base of coaching in emergency medicine, this nascent field is rich with opportunities for future research.
Day zero parathyroid hormone levels predict cure after parathyroidectomy
Authors: Laurie Brodie D , Leong David , Nguyen Hieu , Ryan Simon , Lisewski Dean 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of day zero post‐operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in determining cure for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) following parathyroidectomy.MethodsThis multicentre, retrospective diagnostic accuracy study utilized data from a single surgeon. Patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for pHPT were included, with exclusions for secondary or tertiary causes and incomplete follow‐up. Day zero post‐operative PTH levels were the key predictor variable, while cure at 6 months, defined by normocalcaemia, was the outcome. Diagnostic parameters including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for an optimal PTH cut‐off determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden's index.ResultsOut of 291 patients included, 278 (95.5%) were cured at 6 months. An optimal PTH cut‐off of <3 pmol/L was identified, correlating with a true positive rate of 81.3% and a false positive rate of 0%. Patients with day zero PTH <3 pmol/L (77.7% of the cohort) were all cured at six months. The PTH <3 pmol/L cut‐off demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 20%, and an accuracy of 82.1%.ConclusionDay zero post‐operative PTH level < 3 pmol/L is a reliable predictor of cure for pHPT following parathyroidectomy. A PTH level of <3 pmol/L is an effective cut‐off to identify patients who will be cured, potentially reducing the need for prolonged biochemical monitoring.
Vascular encasement image defined risk factors independently predict surgical complications in neuroblastoma
Authors: Stokes Rachael , Bannon Aidan , Leung Bonnie , Alloo Jasmin , Davies‐Payne David , Winstanley Mark , Wood Andrew , Evans Stephen , Hamill James 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSpecific image defined risk factors (IDRF) immediately prior to surgery may be more relevant to paediatric oncology surgeons than pre‐neoadjuvant IDRFs at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine IDRF subtypes that independently predict postoperative complications.MethodsWe searched the New Zealand Children's Cancer Registry for all cases of neuroblastoma treated at a single paediatric oncology centre between January 2007 and February 2021 and determined the IDRF status on pre‐operative imaging at diagnosis and after neoadjuvant therapy. Surgical complications (Clavien–Dindo grade) were correlated with total number of IDRFs (pre‐ and post‐chemotherapy) and three subsets: vascular encasement (VE), invasive (I), and extensive (E).ResultsOf 101 patients, 73 underwent surgical resection, and 32 (44%) had a surgical complication. Of the 54 IDRF‐positive tumours, all were treated by neoadjuvant therapy and in 17, all IDRFs resolved. Complications correlated with the number of post‐neoadjuvant therapy VE‐IDRFs at OR 1.2 (95% CI 1.0–1.4, P = 0.02) and extensive IDRFs at OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1–1.9, P = 0.02). Pre‐neoadjuvant IDRF status was not independently associated with complications when controlling for post‐neoadjuvant IDRF status. The total number of VE‐IDRF reduced from 181 pre‐neoadjuvant therapy to 86 post, with tumour encasing the aorta and/or vena cava being the most common.ConclusionsThe vascular encasement and extensive subtypes of IDRF may be more useful prognostic indicators of surgical complications than the total number of IDRFs. This may have implications for reporting IDRF status on preoperative imaging and surgical planning but needs validation in larger cohort studies.
Exploring the Resettling Experiences of Refugee Families in Norway Through the Lens of Children and Their Parents
Authors: Halvorsen Therese Bjørndal , Saus Merete , Douglas Marcela , Bjørknes Ragnhild , Forsberg June Thorvaldsen , Patras Joshua , Rasmussen Lene‐Mari Potulski 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents the findings of a study examining the resettlement experiences of displaced families in Norway, focusing on children's development opportunities and well‐being. Through qualitative interviews presented as four ideal‐typical families—Abdel, Elombe, Isaac and Amira—and guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory and Morgan's concept of ‘doing family’, the research explores how various ecological systems influence family dynamics and children's developmental trajectories. The findings show discrepancies in children's and parent's perceptions of past experiences. Further, challenges within the surrounding systems influence family interactions, illustrated by economic instability, school‐related challenges and parents' unemployment. The study suggests a need for supportive practices and policies to promote successful integration and improve the development opportunities and well‐being of refugee children.
SherpaPak Cardiac Transport System: Experience in Pediatric Heart Transplantation
Authors: Sather Anna , Marshall Molly , Murthy Raghav , Lamour Jacqueline M. , Chase Christyn , Bansal Neha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of pediatric heart transplant patients whose donor hearts were preserved with the SherpaPakCardiac Transport System.MethodsAll pediatric patients undergoing heart transplantation at our center between January 2020 and June 2024 were included and described. Vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) was calculated. The cohort was divided into two groups by recipient diagnoses (cardiomyopathy vs. congenital heart disease [CHD]). They were compared based on demographics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used for categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney U test or t‐test for continuous variables.ResultsA total of 18 patients were included. The median recipient age was 11.9 years (IQR: 2.5, 13.9). Half had cardiomyopathy, median total ischemic time was 236 min (IQR: 211.5, 283.5). Upon comparing the two groups, there were no significant differences observed in VIS or primary graft dysfunction (PGD) even though the median circulatory arrest time and bypass times were significantly longer in the CHD group (p < 0.05). Three patients experienced early rejection (all with CHD), but there was no mortality.ConclusionsThe SherpaPak Cardiac Transport System provides safe outcomes for pediatric heart transplant patients, including those with complex CHD. Further multi‐institutional and registry studies are needed to evaluate this method for pediatric heart transplantation.
Intraspecific Diversity in Thermal Performance Determines Phytoplankton Ecological Niche
Authors: Krinos Arianna I. , Shapiro Sara K. , Li Weixuan , Haley Sheean T. , Dyhrman Sonya T. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Follows Michael J. , Alexander Harriet 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTemperature has a primary influence on phytoplankton physiology and ecology. We grew 12 strains of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi isolated from different‐temperature regions for ~45 generations (2 months) and characterised acclimated thermal response curves across a temperature range. Even with similar temperature optima and overlapping cell size, strain growth rates varied between 0.45 and 1 day−1. Thermal niche widths varied from 16.7°C to 24.8°C, suggesting that strains use distinct thermal response mechanisms. We investigated the implications of this thermal intraspecific diversity using an ocean ecosystem simulation resolving phytoplankton thermal phenotypes. Model analogues of thermal ‘generalists’ and ‘specialists’ resulted in a distinctive global biogeography of thermal niche widths with a nonlinear latitudinal pattern. We leveraged model output to predict ranges of the 12 lab‐reared strains and demonstrated how this approach could broadly refine geographic range predictions. Our combination of observations and modelled biogeography highlights the capacity of diverse groups to survive temperature shifts.
The link between nonstandard work and parental distress among new parents: Coparenting as a moderator
Authors: Feng Ruiqi , Teti Douglas M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines the link between nonstandard work schedules and parental distress in mothers and fathers during the transition to parenthood, examining coparenting as a moderator.BackgroundExisting research suggests negative effects of nonstandard work schedules on employees' health. Such impact may be particularly strong among parents transitioning to parenthood, when family stress is high. Very little work has been done examining these linkages in mothers and fathers transitioning to parenthood.MethodParental reports of coparenting quality and distress (depressive, anxious, and hostile symptoms) were assessed in 124 parents at 6 months postpartum. The mean numbers of nonstandard work shifts were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Multiple regression was conducted to test hypotheses.ResultsCoparenting quality moderated the link between nonstandard work and distress only among mothers. Mothers working more nonstandard schedules had higher distress, but that link was attenuated when coparenting quality was high. Among fathers, only coparenting quality was associated with lower distress. Prenatal to postnatal change in nonstandard work was statistically controlled.ConclusionHigher coparenting quality serves as a protector of the impact of nonstandard work schedules on maternal distress for first time mothers, and mothers were more impacted by nonstandard work schedules than fathers.ImplicationsMothers in the early postpartum are particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of nonstandard work on overall well‐being. Fathers' involvement and support appears to be critically important in helping mothers adapt to the stress of nonstandard work when adjusting to new parenthood.
Financial flexibility and the persistence of extreme financial leverage policies: A new empirical approach
Authors: Ebrahimi Tahera , Al‐Najjar Basil 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFirms might adopt capital structure policies which are far away from their optimal targets, this is known in the literature as extreme financing policies. Unlike previous empirical studies, our research sheds new light on the impact of financial flexibility (changes in credit ratings and over/underinvestment) on the duration of these policies. Using a large sample of US firms for the period from 1985 to 2017, we employ a novel empirical approach of multilevel survival model estimators for different subsamples of conservative and aggressive debt policy users. The results show that, on average, the duration of extreme financing policies renders the degree of urgency to shift towards firms' optimal leverage. Accordingly, firms adopting extreme financial policies are less keen to adjust quickly to their target debt ratios and such speed of adjustment varies between conservative and aggressive debt users. Our results provide interesting empirical implications for firms adopting conservative or aggressive debt policies.
The Complex World of Toothpaste Diversity, Meeting Patient Clinical Needs. An Umbrella Review
Authors: Suvan Jeanie , Marruganti Crystal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAmidst numerous recent advancements in toothpaste formulations and active ingredients, some clinicians may believe all toothpastes are similar despite differences in their active ingredients and corresponding clinical application.AimThis umbrella review aims to provide clinicians with an overview of toothpaste ingredients and evidence of efficacy for a variety of oral conditions, including gum health issues, caries, dentine hypersensitivity, tooth surface loss, oral malodour and tooth whitening (staining).MethodsThe focused question for the review was ‘What is the efficacy of common toothpaste active ingredients in preventing or treating oral conditions including gum health issues, caries, dentine hypersensitivity, tooth surface loss, oral malodour and tooth whitening (stain removal)?’. Therefore, an umbrella review design was followed focused on review articles, that is, systematic and/or narrative reviews of randomised clinical trials, observational or in vitro studies whenever available. Seventy‐two reviews were identified through electronic search of OVID. Quality assessment was performed based upon the PRISMA checklist. Data was extracted according to relevance to the listed oral conditions.ResultsNineteen toothpaste ingredients were identified to treat six oral conditions, including six types of fluoride. Evidence of efficacy of active ingredients varied and with six reported to have significant benefits for the prevention or treatment of the targeted oral condition. Differences were particularly evident in the efficacy of types of fluoride.ConclusionsToothpaste active ingredient efficacies are diverse. As such, oral healthcare providers should consider recommendation of toothpastes containing appropriate active ingredients by effectively targeting oral conditions/diseases according to each patient's needs.
Ultra High‐Density Mapping and Ablation of Localized Micro‐Reentrant Tachycardias: Insight From the CHARISMA Registry
Authors: Mantovan Roberto , Bianchi Stefano , Pelargonio Gemma , Solimene Francesco , Malacrida Maurizio , Carbone Angelo , Anselmino Matteo , Gallucci Marco , Segreti Luca , Galeazzi Marco , Bianco Daniele , Giomi Andrea , Mirizzi Gianluca , Rossi Luca , Zingarini Gianluca , Calvanese Raimondo , Allocca Giuseppe , Ducceschi Valentino , Dell'Era Gabriele , Bisignani Antonio , Scacciavillani Roberto , Schillaci Vincenzo , Rivetti Luigi , Bulian Francesca 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent advancements in ultra‐high‐density mapping (UHDM) featuring automated functionalities have enhanced our understanding of micro‐reentrant atrial tachycardias (mAT) circuits and the precise localization of the origin.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic support provided by an automated UHDM algorithm in guiding the ablation of mATs.MethodsConsecutive patients eligible for AT ablation in 22 Italian centers were prospectively enrolled. All ATs were comprehensively mapped in either the left or right atrium utilizing the RHYTHMIA mapping system. The LUMIPOINT tool was systematically employed to confirm electrogram fragmentation within this defined area.ResultsAmong 159 ATs analyzed, 97 (61.0%) were identified as macro‐reentrant ATs, 50 (31.4%) as focal ATs and 12 (7.5%) as mATs. Concerning the mAT group, the targeted activity was localized in the anterior wall in 4 cases (33.3%), in proximity to PVs in 3 cases (25%), along the left ridge in 2 cases (16.6%), and at the roof, in the free wall and along the CTI in 1 case (8.3%), respectively. Low voltage areas (< 0.1 mV) were detected in all mAT cases and colocalized with the origin site. Over a median of 288 [248–349] days of follow‐up, 5 (3.1%) patients suffered from an AT/AF arrhythmia recurrence: 3 (3.1%) were in the MAT group, 1 (2%) in the focal AT and 1 (8.3%) in the mAT group.ConclusionA novel automated algorithm for mAT identification, coupled with ORION catheter, enables mAT description and transcatheter ablation of the localized origin of this rare form of AT results in a satisfactory procedural success rate.Trial RegistrationCatheter Ablation of Arrhythmias With High‐Density Mapping System in the Real World Practice (CHARISMA).http://clinicaltrials.gov/ Identifier: NCT03793998.
Research Review: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people with pre‐existing mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions – a systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Ching Brian C. F. , Downs Johnny , Zhang Shuo , Abdul Cader Hannah , Penhallow Jessica , Voraite Elvina , Popnikolova Teodora , Wickersham Alice , Parlatini Valeria , Simonoff Emily 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSystematic reviews have suggested mixed effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people. However, most included studies focused on the general population and were cross‐sectional. The long‐term impact on those with pre‐existing mental health and/or neurodevelopmental conditions remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the longitudinal impact of the pandemic on the mental health of this clinical population and potential explanatory factors.MethodsOvid Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo and Global Health databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 3 August 2023 (PROSPERO CRD42022383546). We included longitudinal studies that compared mental health symptoms between pre‐ and during pandemic and/or during pandemic timepoints in children and young people (≤18 years old) with pre‐existing mental and/or neurodevelopmental conditions. Outcomes included internalising, externalising and other symptoms. Risk of bias was rated using an adapted tool. Included studies were narratively synthesised and multi‐level meta‐analyses were conducted where the number of studies was sufficient.ResultsWe identified 21 studies (N = 2,617) from 6,083 records. Studies differed across countries, diagnoses, measures, informants and timepoints. All had overall moderate‐to‐high risk of bias. Narrative synthesis found mixed evidence of symptom change, with individual studies showing increase/reduction/no change. Factors such as diagnosis, baseline symptom severity, age and sex/gender may explain variation in outcomes. Multi‐level meta‐analyses were feasible for a limited number of outcomes and found no significant changes in internalising and externalising symptoms pre‐ versus during pandemic or internalising symptoms between 2020 pandemic phases, and high heterogeneity was noted.ConclusionsThe impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and young people with pre‐existing conditions varied according to individual and contextual vulnerabilities, which were not fully captured in pooled analyses. Further research needs to investigate longer‐term impacts and better stratify this vulnerable population.
A Grounded Theory Analysis of Control and Freedom in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Smedley Daniel K. , Whiting Jason B. , Bradford Angela B. , Anderson Shayne R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough coercive control has been studied in unhealthy relationships, all couples navigate some amount of control and freedom as they interact. Varied prevalence estimates and definitions of control suggest a need to better define the continuum of control in mild and extreme forms, including non‐physically violent forms of control. The purpose of this qualitative study was to expand knowledge of control in relationships by examining the whole continuum of partners' experiences of control and freedom. Using constructivist grounded theory methods, data on control and freedom from 66 semi‐structured interviews were analyzed to examine how partners describe control and freedom in their relationships. Findings highlighted nuanced forms of emotional abuse within the continuum of control and the value of openness and support in developing freedom. Clearer conceptions of milder and non‐physical forms of control may aid clinicians in identifying elusive processes of control and helping partners support each other's freedom.