bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STOP and GO with NO: Nitric oxide as a regulator of cell motility in simple brains
Authors: Bicker Gerd 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDuring the formation of the brain, neuronal cell migration and neurite extension are controlled by extracellular guidance cues. Here, I discuss experiments showing that the messenger nitric oxide (NO) is an additional regulator of cell motility. NO is a membrane permeant molecule, which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and leads to the formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in target cells. The analysis of specific cells types in invertebrate models such as molluscs, insects and the medicinal leech provides insight how NO and cyclic nucleotides affect the wiring of nervous systems by regulating cell and growth‐cone motility. Inhibition of the NOS and sGC enzymes combined with rescue experiments show that NO signalling orchestrates neurite outgrowth and filopodial dynamics, cell migration of enteric neurons, glial migration and axonogenesis of pioneer fibers. Cultured insect embryos are accessible model systems in which cellular mechanisms of NO‐induced cytoskeletal reorganizations can be analyzed in natural settings. Finally, I will outline some indications that NO may also regulate cell motility in the developing and regenerating vertebrate nervous system. BioEssays 27:495–505, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of poly(ethylene glycol) on the solution structure of human serum albumin
Authors: Ragi C. , Sedaghat‐Herati M. R. , Ouameur A. Ahmed , Tajmir‐Riahi H. A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProtein physical and chemical properties can be altered by polymer interaction. The presence of several high affinity binding sites on human serum albumin (HSA) makes it a possible target for many organic and polymer molecules. This study was designed to examine the interaction of HSA with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in aqueous solution at physiological conditions. Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet‐visible, and CD spectroscopic methods were used to determine the polymer binding mode, the binding constant, and the effects of polymer complexation on protein secondary structure.The spectroscopic results showed that PEG is located along the polypeptide chains through H‐bonding interactions with an overall affinity constant of K = 4.12 × 105M−1. The protein secondary structure showed no alterations at low PEG concentration (0.1 mM), whereas at high polymer content (1 mM), a reduction of α‐helix from 59 (free HSA) to 53% and an increase of β‐turn from 11 (free HSA) to 22% occurred in the PEG–HSA complexes (infrared data). The CDSSTR program (CD data) also showed no major alterations of the protein secondary structure at low PEG concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mM), while at high polymer content (1 mM), a major reduction of α‐helix from 69 (free HSA) to 58% and an increase of β‐turn from 7 (free HSA) to 18% was observed. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 231–236, 2005
Journal ratings and footprints: a North American perspective of organizations and the natural environment journal quality
Authors: Cohen Boyd 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOrganizations and Natural Environment (ONE) research has been published in mainstream management journals and an increasing array of specialty journals dedicated to ONE topics since the formation of the ONE interest group more than a decade ago. While the abundance of outlets for ONE research may be perceived as a positive development for the field, it also raises difficulties for establishing credibility for the relative quality of ONE scholarship. This study is the first of its kind to assess the journal quality of mainstream management and specialty journals that publish ONE‐related research. I triangulated methods by first utilizing a three‐stage process to survey senior ONE scholars and then utilized a footprint approach to rate 25 journals publishing ONE research. Results are compared with those of previous studies and are discussed in light of senior scholar commentary. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Electronic Energy Levels in all‐trans Long Linear Polyenes: The Case of the 3,20‐Di(tert‐butyl)‐2,2,21,21‐tetramethyl‐all‐trans‐3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19‐docosanonaen (ttbp9) Conforming to Kasha's Rule
Authors: Catalán Javier , Hopf Henning , Mlynek Cornelia , Klein Dagmar , Kilickiran Pinar 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe absorption, fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra for 3,20‐di(tert‐butyl)‐2,2,21,21‐tetramethyl‐all‐trans‐3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19‐docosanonaen (ttbP9) in dilute solutions of 2‐methylbutane were recorded at temperatures over the range 120–280 K. The high photostability of this nonaene allows us to assert that it exhibits a single fluorescence and that this can be unequivocally assigned to emission from its 11Bu excited state, it being the first excited electronic state. Available photophysical data for this polyene and the wealth of information reported for shorter all‐trans polyenes allow us to conclude that if the first excited electronic state for the chromophore possessed 21Ag symmetry, then the energy of such a state might have been so close to that of the 11Bu state that: 1) the radiationless internal conversion mechanism would preclude the observation of the emission from the 11Bu state reported in this work and 2) the 21Ag state reached through internal conversion would be vibrationally coupled to 11Bu and would facilitate the detection of the emission from 21Ag, which was not observed in any of the solvents used in this work. The spectroscopic and photochemical implications of these findings for other polyenes are discussed.
Macrocyclic Double Ferrocenes, Their Stereostructure, and an IR and NMR Spectroscopic, X‐ray Crystallographic, and Conformational and Dynamic Investigation
Authors: Sohár Pál , Csámpai Antal , Abrán Árvácska , Túrós György , Vass Elemér , Kudar Veronika , Újszászy Kálmán , Fábián Balázs 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCondensation reactions of 1,1'‐diacetylferrocenes with hydrazine afford a series of novel ferrocenophanes with two incorporated ferrocene units. NMR spectroscopy is used to establish the free rotation of the –CH=N–N=C(R)– bridging chains (R = H, Me, Ph) and the rigidity of the –C(Me)=N–N=C(Me)– chain(s) in these macrocycles. The results of theoretical studies on molecular dynamics of these molecules carried out by density functional calculations are consistent with the spectroscopic observations. The stereostructures of the new compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D‐COSY, 2D‐HMQC and 2D‐HMBC measurements, and by mass spectrometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Vanadium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols Mediated by (+)‐Norcamphor‐Derived Hydroperoxide
Authors: Lattanzi Alessandra , Piccirillo Sandro , Scettri Arrigo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA protocol for the asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols has been established that employs VO(acac)2 as catalyst, the commercial achiral hydroxamic acid, N‐hydroxy‐N‐phenylbenzamide, and optically pure (+)‐norcamphor‐derived hydroperoxide as oxygen atom donor and chiral source. Variation of the reaction parameters has a significant effect on the level of asymmetric induction. Under optimized conditions, the epoxy alcohols have been isolated in good yields with up to 67 % ee and complete control of the diastereoselectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Reaction of Thioketones with (R)‐2‐Vinyloxirane: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Formation of (S)‐4‐Vinyl‐1,3‐oxathiolanes
Authors: Fedorov Alexey , Fu Changchun , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe reactions of 4,4'‐dimethoxythiobenzophenone (1), 9H‐xanthene‐9‐thione (2), and adamantane‐2‐thione (3) with (R)‐2‐vinyloxirane [(R)‐6] in the presence of SiO2 in anhydrous CH2Cl2 at 0 °C or room temperature afforded the corresponding 4‐vinyl‐1,3‐oxathiolane derivatives (S)‐7, (S)‐9, and (S)‐11, respectively. The analogous BF3‐catalyzed reactions of (R)‐6 with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylindane‐2‐thione (4) and 2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl‐3‐thioxocyclobutanone (5) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 at –65 °C or –78 °C yielded the corresponding spirocyclic 1,3‐oxathiolanes (S)‐12 and (S)‐14, respectively. The structures of (S)‐9 and (S)‐12 were established by X‐ray crystallography. In all cases, the nucleophilic thiocarbonyl S atom attacked predominantly C(2) of the Lewis acid‐activated (R)‐2‐vinyloxirane ring with inversion of the configuration through an SN2‐type mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cover Picture: Cycloadditions and Methylene Transfer in Reactions of Substituted Thiocarbonyl S‐Methylides with Thiobenzophenone: A Computational Study (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 8/2005)
Authors: Sustmann Reiner , Sicking Willi , Huisgen Rolf 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the potential energy diagram of methylene transfer from 4,4,5,5‐tetramethylcyclopentanethione S‐methylide to thiobenzophenone via a biradical intermediate which wins over a possible formation of regioisomeric cycloadducts. Methylene transfer reactions together with 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of other thiocarbonyl S‐methylides to thiones are described by R. Huisgen et al. on p. 1519 ff. DFT calculations on the mechanism of these reactions, concerted or stepwise, are reported by R. Sustmann et al. on p. 1505 ff.
Coordinated Development of Yeast Colonies: Quantitative Modeling of Diffusion‐Limited Growth – Part 2
Authors: Walther T. , Reinsch H. , Ostermann K. , Deutsch A. , Bley T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA mathematical model was developed which described the growth of yeast colonies based on the assumptions that (i) these populations were built up of single cells whose proliferation was (ii) exclusively controlled by nutrient availability in the environment. The model was of a hybrid cellular automaton type and described discrete cells residing on a one‐dimensional lattice as well as on continuously distributed nutrients. Experimental results and numerical calculations were compared to elucidate under which cultivation conditions the diffusion‐limited growth (DLG) was the major construction principle in yeast colonies. Simulations were scaled to the growth of Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida boidinii colonies under carbon and nitrogen limitation. They showed that nutrient‐controlled growth of the individual cells resulted in DLG of the population. Quantitative predictions for the spatio‐temporal development of the cell‐density profile inside a growing yeast mycelium were compared to the growth characteristics of the model yeast mycelia. Only for the carbon‐limited growth of C. boidinii colonies on glucose as the limiting nutrient resource did the DLG model reproduce the cell‐density profile estimated at the end of the cultivation. Under all other cultivation conditions, strong discrepancies between calculations and experimental results were evident precluding DLG as the ruling regulatory mechanism. Thus, whether or not the development of a yeast population could be described by a DLG scenario, was strongly dependent on the particular cultivation conditions and the applied yeast species. In those cases for which the DLG hypothesis failed to explain the observed growth patterns, the underlying assumptions, i.e., the complete absence of nutrient translocation between the individual cells inside the yeast mycelia as well as the exclusively nutrient‐controlled proliferation of the cells, have to be reevaluated. The presented study demonstrated how the mathematical analysis of growth processes in yeast populations could assist the experimental identification of potential regulatory mechanisms.
Replication of the results in ‘learning about heterogeneity in returns to schooling’
Authors: Chan Joshua C. C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA recent article (Koop and Tobias, 2004) proposes a direct way to characterize the extent of heterogeneity in returns to education. They investigate the adequacy of several competing models and conclude that returns to schooling are heterogeneous and are best modelled as a bivariate normal distribution. The results of this replication paper basically agree with the authors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why emotional intelligence is an invalid concept
Authors: Locke Edwin A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper I argue that the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) is invalid both because it is not a form of intelligence and because it is defined so broadly and inclusively that it has no intelligible meaning. I distinguish the so‐called concept of EI from actual intelligence and from rationality. I identify the actual relation between reason and emotion. I reveal the fundamental inadequacy of the concept of EI when applied to leadership. Finally, I suggest some alternatives to the EI concept. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐determination theory and work motivation
Authors: Gagné Marylène , Deci Edward L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCognitive evaluation theory, which explains the effects of extrinsic motivators on intrinsic motivation, received some initial attention in the organizational literature. However, the simple dichotomy between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation made the theory difficult to apply to work settings. Differentiating extrinsic motivation into types that differ in their degree of autonomy led to self‐determination theory, which has received widespread attention in the education, health care, and sport domains. This article describes self‐determination theory as a theory of work motivation and shows its relevance to theories of organizational behavior. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The modelling of anchors using the material point method
Authors: Coetzee C. J. , Vermeer P. A. , Basson A. H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe ultimate capacity of anchors is determined using the material point method (MPM). MPM is a so‐called meshless method capable of modelling large displacements, deformations and contact between different bodies. A short introduction to MPM is given and the derivation of the discrete governing equations. The analysis of a vertically loaded anchor and one loaded at 45° is presented. The load–displacement curves are compared to that obtained from experiments and the effect of soil stiffness and anchor roughness is investigated. The results of the vertically loaded anchor are also compared to an analytical solution. The displacement of the soil surface above the anchor was measured and compared to the numerical predictions. Convergence with mesh refinement is demonstrated and the effect of mesh size and dilatancy angle on the shear band width and orientation is indicated.The results show that MPM can model anchor pull out successfully. No special interface elements are needed to model the anchor–soil interface and the predicted ultimate capacities were within 10% of the measured values. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evaluation of two software watermarking algorithms
Authors: Myles Ginger , Collberg Christian , Heidepriem Zachary , Navabi Armand 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the effectiveness of two different software watermarking algorithms. The first is an algorithm proposed by Akito Monden et al. and the second an algorithm proposed by Robert L. Davidson and Nathan Myhrvold of the Microsoft Corporation. We have implemented these techniques within the SANDMARK framework, a system designed to study the effectiveness of software protection algorithms on Java bytecode. To the best of our knowledge this is the first implementation and empirical evaluation of these algorithms with respect to a set of properties such as bit‐rate, stealth, and resilience to attack. We demonstrate through the use of the SANDMARK framework that both of these algorithms have a high bit‐rate but are unstealthy and easy to attack. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MobileRMI: upgrading Java Remote Method Invocation towards mobility
Authors: Avvenuti Marco , Vecchio Alessio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCode mobility is recognized as a promising design technique, able to improve flexibility, adaptability and bandwidth utilization in mobile computing applications. To promote and facilitate its use, researchers argue that code mobility should be made available to programmers in combination with, and not as an alternative to, more traditional programming models. This paper describes the design and implementation of the MobileRMI toolkit which, unlike agent‐based systems, enables mobility‐based programming within a widely accepted middleware platform, Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI). Our toolkit provides a set of mobility primitives that allow programmers to create, clone and move remote objects across a network. To preserve location transparency we implemented a novel, efficient scheme for automatically updating remote references by exploiting the distributed garbage collector. Programming examples are given and a case study where an adaptive application uses logical mobility to minimize communication over a mobile ad hoc network is presented. Experience from using MobileRMI confirmed the benefit of designing both static and mobile applications within the same programming framework. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unifying program slicing and concept assignment for higher‐level executable source code extraction
Authors: Gold N. E. , Harman M. , Binkley D. , Hierons R. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProgram slicing and concept assignment have both been proposed as source code extraction techniques. Unfortunately, each has a weakness that prevents wider application. For slicing, the extraction criterion is expressed at a very low level; constructing a slicing criterion requires detailed code knowledge which is often unavailable. The concept assignment extraction criterion is expressed at the domain level. However, unlike a slice, the extracted code is not executable as a separate subprogram in its own right. This paper introduces a unification of slicing and concept assignment which exploits their combined advantages, while overcoming these two individual weaknesses. Our ‘concept slices’ are executable programs extracted using high‐level criteria. The paper introduces four techniques that combine slicing and concept assignment and algorithms for each. These algorithms were implemented in two separate tools used to illustrate the application of the concept slicing algorithms in two very different case studies. The first is a commercially‐written COBOL module from a large financial organization, the second is an open source utility program written in C. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arabidopsis Tic110 Is Essential for the Assembly and Function of the Protein Import Machinery of Plastids
Authors: Inaba Takehito , Alvarez-Huerta Mayte , Li Ming , Bauer Jörg , Ewers Carolin , Kessler Felix , Schnell Danny J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Tic) plays a central role in plastid biogenesis by coordinating the sorting of nucleus-encoded preproteins across the inner membrane and coordinating the interactions of preproteins with the processing and folding machineries of the stroma. Despite these activities, the precise roles of known Tic proteins in translocation, sorting, and preprotein maturation have not been defined. In this report, we examine the in vivo function of a major Tic component, Tic110. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana Tic110 (atTic110) is essential for plastid biogenesis and plant viability. The downregulation of atTic110 expression results in the reduced accumulation of a wide variety of plastid proteins. The expression of dominant negative mutants of atTic110 disrupts assembly of Tic complexes and the translocation of preproteins across the inner envelope membrane. Together, these data suggest that Tic110 plays a general role in the import of nuclear-encoded preproteins as a common component of Tic complexes.
MicroRNA-Directed Regulation of ArabidopsisAUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17Is Essential for Proper Development and Modulates Expression of Early Auxin Response Genes
Authors: Mallory Allison C. , Bartel David P. , Bartel Bonnie 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe phytohormone auxin plays critical roles during plant growth, many of which are mediated by the auxin response transcription factor (ARF) family. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-nucleotide riboregulators, target several mRNAs implicated in auxin responses. miR160 targets ARF10, ARF16, and ARF17, three of the 23 Arabidopsis thaliana ARF genes. Here, we describe roles of miR160-directed ARF17 posttranscriptional regulation. Plants expressing a miRNA-resistant version of ARF17 have increased ARF17 mRNA levels and altered accumulation of auxin-inducible GH3-like mRNAs, YDK1/GH3.2, GH3.3, GH3.5, and DFL1/GH3.6, which encode auxin-conjugating proteins. These expression changes correlate with dramatic developmental defects, including embryo and emerging leaf symmetry anomalies, leaf shape defects, premature inflorescence development, altered phyllotaxy along the stem, reduced petal size, abnormal stamens, sterility, and root growth defects. These defects demonstrate the importance of miR160-directed ARF17 regulation and implicate ARF17 as a regulator of GH3-like early auxin response genes. Many of these defects resemble phenotypes previously observed in plants expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing and plants with mutations in genes important for miRNA biogenesis or function, providing a molecular rationale for phenotypes previously associated with more general disruptions of miRNA function.
The effect of ZD1839 (IressaTM), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin, on apoptosis in SCC‐15 cells
Authors: Al‐Hazzaa A. , Bowen I. D. , Randerson P. , Birchall M. A. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract.  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ZD1839 on growth and apoptosis in SCC‐15 (a human head and neck cancer cell line) alone, or in combination with cisplatin. High expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor has been implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck. ZD1839 (‘Iressa’) is an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in proliferation and survival of cancer cells, and other host‐dependent processes promoting cancer growth. Here, growth arrest was observed with 3.64 µm ZD1839. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (sMTT) viability assay revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the percentage of surviving cells upon treatment with ZD1839 and cisplatin compared with cisplatin or ZD1839 on their own. Combined therapy of 3.64 µm ZD1839 for 24 h, prior to administration of 100 µm cisplatin, significantly (P < 0.001) and additively increased the cytotoxicity effect of cisplatin. p53‐independent apoptosis was seen with cisplatin treatment, a novel finding. These data support the use of ZD1839 in anti‐cancer therapy, and particularly in combination therapy. Cisplatin may induce p53‐independent apoptosis. Over‐expression of Bcl‐2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumour cell lines is unlikely to be a general mechanism to protect these cells from apoptosis.