bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A common origin for the QCD axion and sterile neutrinos from SU(5) strong dynamics
Authors: Cox Peter , Gherghetta Tony , Paul Arpon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We identify the QCD axion and right-handed (sterile) neutrinos as bound states of an SU(5) chiral gauge theory with Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry arising as a global symmetry of the strong dynamics. The strong dynamics is assumed to spontaneously break the PQ symmetry, producing a high-quality axion and naturally generating Majorana masses for the right-handed neutrinos at the PQ scale. The composite sterile neutrinos can directly couple to the left-handed (active) neutrinos, realizing a standard see-saw mechanism. Alternatively, the sterile neutrinos can couple to the active neutrinos via a naturally small mass mixing with additional elementary states, leading to light sterile neutrino eigenstates. The SU(5) strong dynamics therefore provides a common origin for a high-quality QCD axion and sterile neutrinos.
Running decompactification, sliding towers, and the distance conjecture
Authors: Etheredge Muldrow , Heidenreich Ben , McNamara Jacob , Rudelius Tom , Ruiz Ignacio , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study towers of light particles that appear in infinite-distance limits of moduli spaces of 9-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 string theories, some of which notably feature decompactification limits with running string coupling. The lightest tower in such decompactification limits consists of the non-BPS Kaluza-Klein modes of Type I′ string theory, whose masses depend nontrivially on the moduli of the theory. We work out the moduli-dependence by explicit computation, finding that despite the running decompactification the Distance Conjecture remains satisfied with an exponential decay rate $$ \alpha \ge 1/\sqrt{d-2} $$
α
≥
1
/

d
−
2

in accordance with the sharpened Distance Conjecture. The related sharpened Convex Hull Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture also passes stringent tests. Our results non-trivially test the Emergent String Conjecture, while highlighting the important subtlety that decompactifcation can lead to a running solution rather than to a higher-dimensional vacuum.
The effect of psychoactive bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, on brain proteome profiles in mice
Authors: Jarosz Łukasz S. , Socała Katarzyna , Michalak Katarzyna , Wiater Adrian , Ciszewski Artur , Majewska Małgorzata , Marek Agnieszka , Grądzki Zbigniew , Wlaź Piotr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rationale
The gut microbiota may play an important role in the development and functioning of the mammalian central nervous system. The assumption of the experiment was to prove that the use of probiotic bacterial strains in the diet of mice modifies the expression of brain proteins involved in metabolic and immunological processes.

Objectives and results
Albino Swiss mice were administered with Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 every 24 h for 28 days. Protein maps were prepared from hippocampal homogenates of euthanized mice. Selected proteins that were statistically significant were purified and concentrated and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Among the analysed samples, 13 proteins were identified. The mean volumes of calcyon, secreted frizzled-associated protein 3, and catalase in the hippocampus of mice from both experimental groups were statistically significantly higher than in the control group. In mice supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1, a lower mean volume of fragrance binding protein 2, shadow of prion protein, and glycine receptor α4 subunit was observed compared to the control.

Conclusion
The psychobiotics Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1enhances expression of proteins involved in the activation and maturation of nerve cells, as well as myelination and homeostatic regulation of neurogenesis in mice. The tested psychobiotics cause a decrease in the expression of proteins associated with CNS development and in synaptic transmission, thereby reducing the capacity for communication between nerve cells. The results of the study indicate that psychobiotic bacteria can be used in auxiliary treatment of neurological disorders.
Improving the flame retardancy of furfurylated wood by introducing DOPO
Authors: Dong Youming , Fu Zhenyu , Yan Yutao , Shi Jingbo , Hughes Mark , Zhan Xianxu , Li Jianzhang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPoor dimensional stability, sensitivity to microorganisms, and flammability restrict the application of wood in certain areas where these properties are critical. Although furfurylation can improve the physical and mechanical properties of wood, the heat and smoke release of furfurylated wood during combustion are dramatic and need to be addressed. As a kind of halogen-free phosphorus flame retardant, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives exhibit excellent performance in polymer composites. In this study, DOPO was dissolved in furfuryl alcohol (FA) and used to modify wood. The effect of DOPO on the thermal stability, combustion behavior, and physical and mechanical properties of furfurylated wood was investigated. The chemical structure, morphology, and char residue after combustion were also characterized. The studies show that DOPO can react with the FA polymer and is incorporated and homogeneously dispersed in the wood structure. Compared to untreated wood, furfurylated wood has a much higher heat and smoke release during combustion. The addition of DOPO remarkably reduces the heat release of furfurylated wood, and this effect increases as the amount of DOPO increases. When the amount of introduced DOPO of furfurylated wood is 7%, its total heat release is reduced by 37.4% and becomes comparable to the untreated wood. However, DOPO does not suppress smoke production effectively. DOPO improves the thermal stability of furfurylated wood by promoting char formation and inhibiting the diffusion of oxygen and the escape of pyrolysis products. The addition of DOPO has little effect on the physical and mechanical properties of furfurylated wood. The results indicate that the combination of DOPO and furfurylation could be an efficient way to prepare highly stable and fire-resistant wood materials.
Real-time Modelling and ML Data Training for Digital Twinning of Additive Manufacturing Processesa?
Authors: Horr Amir M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReduced and real-time modelling is one of the main pillars of digital “process models” for twinning of manufacturing processes. Starting from the data processing and model building, a digital twin of additive manufacturing (AM) processes involves creating virtual replica where predictions and corrections can be made in real-time. Developing such fast predictive/corrective digital models involve data training and machine learning (ML) routines, where dynamic and accurate models can be employed for process optimisation and control. In this research work, the overview of the real-time modelling and ML data training have been presented for AM processes using hybrid and reduced order modelling (ROM) techniques. Hence, variations of processing parameters (e.g., temperature, power and feeding speed) for wire arc AM processes are considered to develop a tailored process data base and its associated snapshot matrix. Furthermore, the accuracy and reliability of these digital models for monitoring and optimizing AM processes are investigated using a real-world case study. The performances of different reduced model building, and data interpolation techniques have subsequently been scrutinized to create the most accurate and efficient solver-interpolator combinations for integration of real-time models into digital twins for AM processes.
Identification of novel candidate genes associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in Mongolian families
Authors: Semjid Dejidnorov , Ahn Hyunsoo , Bayarmagnai Sapaar , Gantumur Munkhjargal , Kim Sanguk , Lee Jae Hoon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis (TA) in nine families from Mongolia using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analysis.

Material and methods
The study enrolled 41 participants, including three inherited and six non-inherited families. WES analysis was performed on 14 saliva samples from individuals with non-syndromic TA. The potential candidate genes were identified through variant filtering and segregation analysis. The filtered variants were then analyzed in silico mutation impact analysis.

Results
WES analysis identified 21 variants associated with TA, and 5 of these variants met all filtering criteria. These variants were located in the exome region of MAST4, ITGA6, PITX2, CACNA1S, and CDON genes. The variant in PITX2 was found in eight participants from inherited and non-inherited families, while the MAST4 variant was identified in 6 participants from inherited families.

Conclusions
The study identified various genetic variant candidates associated with TA in different family groups, with PITX2 being the most commonly identified. Our findings suggest that MAST4 may also be a novel candidate gene for TA due to its association with the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that five candidate genes related to focal adhesion and calcium channel complex were significant and essential in tooth development.

Clinical relevance
Identifying new pathogenic genes associated with TA can improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, leading to better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Early detection of TA based on biomarkers can improve dental management and facilitate orthodontic and prosthetic treatment.
Well-posedness and finite element approximation of mixed dimensional partial differential equations
Authors: Hellman Fredrik , Målqvist Axel , Mosquera Malin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, a mixed dimensional elliptic partial differential equation is considered, posed in a bulk domain with a large number of embedded interfaces. In particular, well-posedness of the problem and regularity of the solution are studied. A fitted finite element approximation is also proposed and an a priori error bound is proved. For the solution of the arising linear system, an iterative method based on subspace decomposition is proposed and analyzed. Finally, numerical experiments are presented and rapid convergence using the proposed preconditioner is achieved, confirming the theoretical findings.
Algae–zooplankton relationships during the year-round cyanobacterial blooms in a shallow lake
Authors: Kalinowska Krystyna , Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka , Bogacka-Kapusta Elżbieta , Stawecki Konrad , Traczuk Piotr , Ulikowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms have a strong impact on the food web structure, interactions and ecosystem functioning. The aim of this study was to describe the seasonal changes in composition and abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers, and crustaceans in relation to algae and nutrients in a shallow eutrophic lake (north-eastern Poland) dominated by cyanobacteria and exposed to the strong impact of cormorants. Our results showed that algae accounted for a small part of the total phytoplankton abundance (9–40%) and biomass (10–21%) and were dominated by diatoms and cryptophytes. All of the studied groups of planktonic organisms were quite rich in species (95 algal, 79 ciliate, 44 rotifer and 25 crustacean species) and relatively abundant. Copepods formed a substantial part (45–83%) of the total zooplankton biomass during all seasons. Relatively low algal to zooplankton biomass ratio (0.8–1.1) suggests that during spring, summer, and winter algae were not sufficient food resources for metazooplankton, which supplemented its diet with protists (heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates). In a shallow lake dominated by cyanobacteria, winter (ice-covered period) may be a more favourable period for the growth of some groups of algae, ciliates and rotifers than other seasons due to decreasing abundance of cyanobacteria.
Terminology for future-oriented life cycle assessment: review and recommendations
Authors: Arvidsson Rickard , Svanström Magdalena , Sandén Björn A. , Thonemann Nils , Steubing Bernhard , Cucurachi Stefano 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Some future-oriented life cycle assessment (LCA) terms, particularly prospective and ex-ante, show notable increase in use in publications over the last decade. However, scholars have pointed out that it is currently unclear exactly what these terms mean and how they are related. This paper aims to explain defining differences between future-oriented LCA terms and provide terminology recommendations.

Methods
Existing definitions of future-oriented LCA terms were reviewed and analyzed. Workshops were held where defining differences of future-oriented LCA terms were discussed.

Results
Temporal positionality and technology maturity appear to be two critical aspects of future-oriented LCA. Prospective and ex-ante LCA are similar, with the possible difference that ex-ante LCA always involves an increase in technology maturity in the future. Considering the notable similarities, it seems reasonable to converge terms to mitigate field fragmentation and avoid terminology confusion.

Conclusions
To denote LCA studies with a future temporal positionality, we recommend using the term prospective LCA, defined as “LCA that models the product system at a future point in time relative to the time at which the study is conducted”. Furthermore, since technology maturity is clearly a critical aspect for prospective LCA, we recommend prospective LCA studies to clearly define the maturity of the technologies modeled in the production system.
Dynamic performance of submerged floating tunnel with different mooring styles subjected to anchor cable failure
Authors: Wu Zhiwen , Zhang Chuhan , Mou Liwang , Mei Guoxiong , Garg Ankit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubmerged floating tunnels (SFTs) are novel structures for transportation across long- and deep-strait regions. Owing to severe wave and current excitation as well as the effects of underwater structures and corrosion, the risk of local anchor cable failure is high, which can result in the progressive failure of the entire structure. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations are conducted to analyze the dynamic behavior of an SFT with different mooring styles under local cable failure. A custom-designed cable failure device and the birth-and-death element method are used to simulate cable failure (i.e., progressive failure) via experiments and numerical simulation, respectively. A physical-scale segmental model of an SFT with different mooring styles under anchor cable failure is developed in this study. A segmental and entire-length mathematical model is developed using the ANSYS program to perform the numerical simulation. The results of the segmental numerical and experimental models indicate good agreement. The dynamic response of an SFT with different mooring styles under cable failure is comprehensively investigated by investigating the effects of key parameters (wave period, buoyant weight ratio, and cable failure mechanism). Moreover, the progressive failure of the SFT under cable failure is investigated via a segment model test and a numerical simulation of its entire length. The present study can serve as a reference for the safer designs of the SFT mooring style.
Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults
Authors: Zhou Hui , Xiao Jiancheng , He Manchao , Lu Jingjing , Tao Zhigang , Xu Futong , Hou Congcong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.
Role of rs2366152 single-nucleotide variant located in the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR gene in the cervical cancer susceptibility in a Polish population
Authors: Łaźniak Sebastian , Sowińska Anna , Roszak Andrzej , Lianeri Margarita , Pławski Andrzej , Mostowska Adrianna , Jagodziński Paweł Piotr 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated an association of the NC_000012.12:g.53962605A > G, (rs2366152) single-nucleotide variant (SNV) situated in the long noncoding homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) gene with HPV16-related cervical cancer pathogenesis. However, little is known about the role of rs2366152 in cervical cancer progression and how oral birth control pills use, parity, menopausal status, and cigarette smoking influence the role of rs2366152 in cervical carcinogenesis. HRM analysis was used to determine the rs2366152 SNV prevalence in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 470) and control group (n = 499) in a Polish Caucasian population. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, using birth control pills, parity, menopausal status, and cigarette smoking. Our genetic studies revealed that the G/A vs. A/A (p = 0.031, p = 0.002) and G/A + G/G vs. A/A (p = 0.035, p = 0.003) genotypes of rs2366152 SNV were significantly related to the grade of differentiation G3 and tumor stage III, respectively. Moreover, cervical cancer risk increased among patients with rs2366152 SNV who smoked cigarettes and used birth control pills. We conclude that rs2366152 may promote the invasion and rapid growth of cervical SCC. Moreover, rs2366152 with cigarette smoking and using birth control pills can also be a risk factor for cervical cancerogenesis.
The Biosecurity Risks of International Forest Tree Seed Movements
Authors: Franić Iva , Cleary Michelle , Aday Kaya Ayşe Gülden , Bragança Helena , Brodal Guro , Cech Thomas L. , Chandelier Anne , Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi Tuğba , Eschen René , Lehtijärvi Asko , Ormsby Michael , Prospero Simone , Schwanda Katharina , Sikora Katarzyna , Szmidla Hanna , Talgø Venche , Tkaczyk Miłosz , Vettraino Anna Maria , Perez-Sierra Ana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Because tree seeds have been considered a low-risk pathway for the spread of plant pathogenic fungi, their international movement is not subject to strict phytosanitary regulation. However, recent studies have provided scientific evidence that the biosecurity risk of seed trade may not be as negligible as assumed. This review summarises current knowledge about seed trade activity across the world and seed-borne plant pathogenic fungi and highlights knowledge gaps that need to be filled to mitigate the risk of spreading tree pathogens via seeds.

Recent Findings
Several outbreaks of severe tree diseases in natural forests and plantations worldwide have been linked to fungal pathogens spread by seed trade. Indeed, recent studies based on modern sequencing technologies have shown that tree seeds harbour highly diverse fungal communities, including well-known pathogens and fungal taxa belonging to unknown species. While it has become clear that even apparently healthy seeds can carry potentially pathogenic fungi, the likelihood of seed-borne pathogens being introduced and becoming established, spreading and causing impact in the new environment is still unclear which challenges the assessment of the phytosanitary risk posed by seed trade.

Summary
Our analyses show that large amounts of tree seeds have been traded among countries and continents. Based on published literature, the risk of spreading pathogenic fungi via tree seed movement is high. However, the role of the taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal communities associated with seeds is still poorly understood. In particular, more research is needed to assess the likelihood of seed-borne fungi being transmitted to the seedlings and spreading and causing impact in the new environment.
Nitrate stimulates adventitious rooting by increasing auxin content and regulating auxin- and root development-related genes expression in apple
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , He Xinyue , Liu Yandong , Raza Humayun , Aziz Usman , Fan Li , Asghar Zohaib , Li Shaohuan , Sun Sinuo , Zhang Dong , Bao Lu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdventitious root (AR) formation is critical for cutting survival and nutrient absorption re-establishment. This complex genetic trait involves the interplay of nitrogen, endogenous hormones, and several key genes. In this study, we treated GL-3 apple (Malus domestica) in vitro shoots with nitrate and ammonium to determine their impact on AR formation, hormonal content, and gene expression patterns. Nitrate treatment significantly promotes adventitious rooting by increasing cell division, differentiation, and AR primordia formation compared to ammonium treatment. Elevated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), reduced abscisic acid, and zeatin riboside concentrations were consistently observed with nitrate, likely crucial for promoting ARs over ammonium. Furthermore, Malus domestica auxin resistance1 (MdAUX1) expression was induced, increasing IAA levels. MdIAA23 was upregulated. Further results indicate that the higher expression levels of Malusdomestica WUSCHEL-relatedHomeobox gene 11 (MdWOX11), Malus domestica lateral organ boundariesdomaingene 16 (MdLBD16), and MdLBD29, and increased cell cycle-related gene expressions, contribute to auxin-stimulated adventitious rooting under nitrate conditions. In conclusion, this study establishes that auxin content and associated genes related to root development and cell cycle contribute to superior ARs in response to nitrate.
The Pharmaceutical Market for Biological Products in Latin America: A Comprehensive Analysis of Regional Sales Data
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Vasconez-González Jorge Eduardo , Dávila Gabriela , Correa Trigomar , Fernández-Naranjo Raúl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe global market for biologics and biosimilar pharmaceutical products is experiencing rapid expansion, primarily driven by the continuous discovery of new molecules. However, information regarding Latin America’s biological market remains limited.