bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Head Start MAP: Manualized Assessment of Progress
Authors: Dickstein Susan , Seifer Ronald , Eguia Maria , Kuersten‐Hogan Regina , Dodge Magee Karen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present the Early Head Start MAP (Manualized Assessment of Progress) system, a newly developed program evaluation protocol for Early Head Start (EHS). Briefly, EHS is a prevention program for low‐income families with infants, toddlers, and pregnant women. The EHS MAP protocol was designed to be incorporated into the fabric of the EHS program, utilized by all EHS staff members with input from EHS families. As such, it serves to document ongoing progress of children and families while enrolled in the program, as well as the fidelity of services provided. Preliminary empirical results are presented to exemplify the nature of efficacy and fidelity data that can be obtained with this EHS MAP system. Implications of conducting program evaluation are discussed as related to Early Head Start service delivery. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Silica‐ and zirconia‐hybridized amorphous calcium phosphate: Effect on transformation to hydroxyapatite
Authors: Skrtic D. , Antonucci J. M. , Eanes E. D. , Brunworth R. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the effect that silica and zirconia have on the stability of bioactive amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) mineral, i.e., in retarding its transformation to hydroxyapatite (HAP). The glass‐forming agents, tetraethoxysilane and zirconyl chloride, were introduced individually during the low‐temperature preparation of ACP. These hybrid ACPs (Si‐ACP and Zr‐ACP, respectively) as well as the control, unhybridized ACP (u‐ACP), were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area measurements, and chemical analysis (Ca/PO4 ratio of the solids) before being dispersed in one of the following four test solutions: N‐2‐hydroxyethylpiperazine‐N′‐2‐ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)‐buffered (pH = 7.40) saline solutions with 0 μg/g fluoride (test solution A1), 1 μg/g fluoride (test solution A2), and 10 μg/g fluoride (test solution A3), or a lactic acid‐containing solution (pH = 5.10, adjusted with NaOH; test solution B). Aliquots were taken at predetermined time intervals for solution Ca and PO4 analysis. Solids isolated after 30 and 90 min exposure to solution B as well as the final dissolution/transformation products from all four solution experiments were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Regardless of the type of experimental solution used, slower conversion to HAP was observed with the hybrid ACPs compared with u‐ACP. The retarding effect of the Si or Zr species in the hybridized ACPs is probably due to these ions specifically blocking, by adsorption, potential sites for HAP nucleation and growth. The stability of ACP toward HAP conversion increased in the following order: u‐ACP < Si‐ACP < Zr‐ACP. Hybrid ACP fillers, especially Zr‐ACP, could be utilized in applications in which it is desired to enhance performance of composites, sealants, and/or adhesives in preventing demineralization or actively promoting remineralization. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res 59: 597–604, 2002
Manipulation of bacterial adhesion and proliferation by surface charges of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite
Authors: Ueshima Masato , Tanaka Satoshi , Nakamura Satoshi , Yamashita Kimihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe manipulation of bacterial adhesion and proliferation by surface charges built onto the surfaces of electrically polarized bioceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) was investigated. The gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) were cultivated on negatively charged, positively charged, and noncharged HAp surfaces (denoted as N‐, P‐, and 0‐surface, respectively). The electrostatic force caused by the surface charges experimentally was proven to affect both adhesion and proliferation. Compared with the 0‐surface of HAp ceramics over a 3‐h cultivation, the population of adhered bacteria rapidly multiplied on the N‐surface whereas it multiplied quite slowly on the P‐surface. Compared with the 0‐surface over a cultivation period of 12 to 72 h, the proliferation rate of the bacterial cell density per colony was accelerated on the N‐surface and decelerated on the P‐surface. The above results are attributed (1) to the electrostatic interaction between the cell surfaces and the charged surfaces of the polarized HAp, (2) to the stimulus of the electrostatic force for bacterial cells, and (3) to the concentration of the nutrient for the bacteria. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 578–584, 2002
Numerical oxidation model for gamma radiation‐sterilized UHMWPE: Consideration of dose‐depth profile
Authors: Blanchet Thierry A. , Burroughs Brian R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGamma sterilization of UHMWPE hip and knee joint replacement components secondarily creates free radicals along the polymer chains. Though crosslinking between radicals may improve mechanical properties, typical post‐irradiation environments (air shelf storage or in vivo service) may instead favor scission reactions with oxygen from the surroundings. As such aging of irradiated UHMWPE joint replacement components has important consequences such as osteolysis, increased insight has been sought through descriptive models of this oxidation process. The quantitative numerical model presented here accounts for a free radical concentration that varies with position (because of irradiation dose‐depth profile) and time (because of free radical decay through crosslinking). A moving front of diffusing O2 is allowed to traverse the UHMWPE medium containing depth‐ and time‐dependent free radical concentration, and these diffusing molecules react with available free radicals persisting at the front. This model's capabilities are illustrated in three examples of irradiated UHMWPE aging behavior: In room‐temperature air (shelf‐aging), in atmospheres of augmented oxygen partial pressure and temperature intended to accelerate aging while otherwise remaining simulative of real‐time aging; and following post‐irradiation vacuum storage intended to consume free radicals through complete crosslinking, but often performed to an incomplete extent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 684–693, 2001
BRCA1 modulates ionizing radiation‐induced nuclear focus formation by the replication protein A p34 subunit
Authors: Choudhary Shailesh K. , Li Rong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMutations in BRCA1 account for a significant proportion of familial breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 has been implicated in DNA damage responses including double‐strand break (DSB) repair. However, its exact role in DSB repair and its functional relationship with other known repair proteins remain to be elucidated. In this study, we carried out a cytological analysis of the effect of BRCA1 on damage‐induced nuclear focus formation mediated by the replication protein A (RPA). RPA is a multi‐functional protein that participates in both DNA replication and various types of DNA repair including DSB repair. Following ionizing radiation (IR), RPA and BRCA1 formed punctate nuclear staining patterns that co‐localized with each other, consistent with the implicated roles of both proteins in the same repair process. The number of damage‐induced RPA foci in BRCA1‐deficient cells, however, was significantly greater than that in BRCA1‐positive cells. Moreover, the effect of BRCA1 on the RPA staining pattern appeared to be specific for IR but not ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. These data suggest that BRCA1 plays an important role in processing the RPA‐associated intermediates during DSB repair. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 666–674, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high‐resolution electron momentum spectroscopy and density functional theory study into the complete valence electronic structure of allene
Authors: Wang F. , Mackenzie‐Ross H. , Winkler D. A. , McCarthy I. E. , Campbell L. , Brunger M. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study of the electronic structure of the complete valence shell of allene (1,2‐propadiene) is reported. New high‐resolution binding‐energy spectra were measured in the energy regime 6–34.5 eV over a range of different target electron momenta, so that momentum distributions (MDs) could be determined for each molecular orbital. These data supersede the low‐resolution work of Braidwood et al. [J Phys B 27 (1994) 2075–2087], and also clarify some ambiguities with the earlier results. Theoretical MDs were calculated using a plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA) model for the reaction mechanism and density functional theory (DFT) for the wave function. Three basis sets, at the local spin density (LSD) approximation level and, additionally, incorporating nonlocal corrections such as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), were studied. A critical comparison between the experimental and theoretical MDs was made, and it allowed us to determine the “optimum” wave function for allene from the basis sets we considered. This wave function is then used to derive allene's chemically interesting molecular properties. A summary of some of these results and a comparison of them with those of other workers is also presented with the level of agreement typically being good. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1321–1333, 2001
Gas‐phase and liquid‐state properties of esters, nitriles, and nitro compounds with the OPLS‐AA force field
Authors: Price Melissa L. P. , Ostrovsky Dennis , Jorgensen William L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNonbonded and torsional parameters for carboxylate esters, nitriles, and nitro compounds have been developed for the OPLS‐AA force field. In addition, torsional parameters for alkanes have been updated. These parameters were fit to reproduce ab initio gas‐phase structures and conformational energetics, experimental condensed‐phase structural and thermodynamic properties, and experimental free energies of hydration. The computed densities, heats of vaporization, and heat capacities for fifteen liquids are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The new parameters permit accurate molecular modeling of compounds containing a wider variety of functional groups, which are common in organic molecules and drugs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1340–1352, 2001
Role of anti‐transglutaminase (anti‐tTG), anti‐gliadin, and anti‐endomysium serum antibodies in diagnosing celiac disease: A comparison of four different commercial kits for anti‐tTG determination
Authors: Basso D. , Gallo N. , Guariso G. , Pittoni M. , Piva M.G. , Plebani M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aims of this study were: (1) to compare the diagnostic efficacy for celiac disease (CD) diagnosis of serum determination of anti‐gliadin (AG) (IgA and IgG) and anti‐endomysium (AE) with that of anti‐transglutaminase (AtTG); and (2) to compare the accuracy of four different assays to measure AtTG. We studied 72 children: the histological diagnosis of CD was made in 38 cases and excluded in the remaining 34 children. In fasting sera we measured AE, AG‐IgA and IgG, and AtTG, the latter with four different commercial kits (Eurospital, Medipan, Inova, Arnika). Moreover AtTG was measured in a group of 58 CD children after a gluten‐free diet. AE was positive in all but 1 case of CD patients (sensitivity = 97%); false positive results were found in 1/34 controls (specificity = 97%). When a specificity of 95% was fixed, the sensitivities were 97% for AE, 83% for AG‐IgA, and 63% for AG‐IgG; the sensitivities of anti‐tTG were 90, 84, 84, and 75% when measured with Eurospital, Medipan, Inova, and Arnika kits respectively. The new AtTG seems to be accurate enough to be proposed as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for CD diagnosis; the 4 kits analyzed showed similar diagnostic efficacy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:112–115, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deproteinization of serum: Another best approach to eliminate all forms of bilirubin interference on serum creatinine by the kinetic Jaffe reaction
Authors: Lolekha Porntip H. , Jaruthunyaluck Sukchai , Srisawasdi Pornpen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe negative interference of conjugated, unconjugated, and delta bilirubin on patient serum creatinine determined by the kinetic Jaffe reaction is the unresolved problem. We compared bilirubin interference on thirty patients’ serum creatinine obtained from four analyzers, with and without deprotenization before the Jaffe reaction, to the Vitros dry enzymatic method. We found significant negative interference from bilirubin on serum creatinine in all samples directly applied to four wet chemical methods, except the one incorporated with serum blank rate. The negative interferences linearly related to bilirubin concentration. However, bilirubin did not interfere on serum creatinine obtained from all wet chemical methods incorporated with deproteinization process before the reaction. We conclude that deproteinized serum before the reaction is the best approach to eliminate all forms of bilirubin interference on serum creatinine determined by the kinetic Jaffe reaction. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:116–121, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Brief Mizes Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire
Authors: Osman Augustine , Chiros Christine E. , Gutierrez Peter M. , Kopper Beverly A. , Barrios Francisco X. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Mizes Anorectic Cognitions—Revised (MAC‐R) questionnaire is a 24‐item self‐report instrument designed to assess cognitions associated with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. We examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the MAC‐R in a sample of 290 undergraduates. We found that a brief 3‐factor oblique model (composed of 12 items) of the MAC‐R provided acceptable fit to the present sample data. This model was largely invariant across male and female participants. The brief version of the MAC‐R (the BMAC) and subscale scores correlated significantly with scores from related measures of eating disorders, showing evidence of concurrent validity. The BMAC total and subscales also showed evidence of discriminant validity by differentiating between empirically defined subclinical eating disorders and control participants. Both logistic regression and discriminant function analyses showed that only the self‐control and self‐esteem subscale was most useful in distinguishing between the subgroups. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 785–799, 2001.
Growth inhibition of glioblastoma cells by human Purα
Authors: Darbinian Nune , Gallia Gary L. , King James , Del Valle Luis , Johnson Edward M. , Khalili Kamel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurα is a multifunctional DNA‐ and RNA‐binding protein implicated in a variety of biological events including transcription and replication. Further, this protein has the ability to form a complex with several cellular proteins which are important for cell proliferation including the transcription factor, E2F‐1. Purα has a modular structure highlighted by alternating three basic aromatic class I and two acidic leucine‐rich class II repeats in the central region of the protein. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic overexpression of Purα suppresses proliferation of a variety of transformed and tumor cells including human glioblastoma. By utilizing various deletion mutants of Purα in colony formation assay, we identified the region spanning the first class II repeat (residues 107–131) and the second class I repeat (residues 148–170) of Purα which participate in growth inhibitory action of Purα. Results from protein transduction experiments using the synthetic peptides representing residues 109–131 and 123–154 of Purα in fusion with the arginine rich domain of HIV‐1 Tat revealed cellular internalization and nuclear appearance of the Tat–Purα fusion peptide after 2 h and its detection in nuclei up to 24 h after treatment. Glioblastoma cells treated with Tat–Purα (109–131) and Tat–Purα (123–154) exhibited 41 and 47% decrease, respectively, in proliferation. Altogether these results illustrate the efficacy of Purα in suppressing glioblastoma cell growth and provide evidence for the potential use of this protein and its derivative(s) in blocking proliferation of tumor cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteogenic protein‐1 and interleukin‐6 with its soluble receptor synergistically stimulate rat osteoblastic cell differentiation
Authors: Yeh Lee‐Chuan C. , Zavala Michelle C. , Lee John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOsteogenic Protein‐1 (OP‐1, BMP‐7), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family, stimulates synthesis of biochemical markers characteristic of the osteoblastic and chondrocytic phenotypes and induces new bone formation. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a cytokine produced by a wide variety of cells, appears to interact with other factors producing different biological effects. In the present study, we showed that OP‐1 action in fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells was enhanced by the combination of IL‐6 and the soluble receptor IL‐6sR. OP‐1 alone induced alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity by 4‐ to 5‐fold above the control. Exogenous IL‐6 soluble receptor (IL‐6sR) synergistically stimulated the OP‐1‐induced AP activity and mineralized bone nodule formation by an additional 3‐fold. The stimulation was IL‐6sR concentration‐dependent. The combination of IL‐6 and IL‐6sR synergistically stimulated OP‐1 action by an additional 6‐ to 7‐fold. BMPR‐II receptor mRNA expression in FRC cells treated with OP‐1 and IL‐6 plus IL‐6sR was stimulated further, while BMPR‐IA, ‐IB, and ActR‐I expressions were not affected. The intracellular signaling molecules Smad2 and Smad5 mRNA expressions were not changed under these conditions. The expression of selected BMP family members (BMP‐3, ‐4, and ‐6) was altered in FRC cells treated with OP‐1 in combination with IL‐6 and IL‐6sR. The combination of IL‐6 and IL‐6sR reduced the OP‐1‐stimulated BMP‐3 mRNA levels and enhanced the suppressive effect of OP‐1 on BMP‐4 and ‐6 mRNA expressions. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that exogenous IL‐6 and IL‐6sR synergistically stimulate OP‐1 action in primary cultures of rat osteoblastic cells. One possible mechanism of synergy involves differential regulation of the effects of OP‐1 on the expression of the type II BMP receptor and several other BMPs. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 322–331, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of hyperthermia on p53 protein expression and activity
Authors: Guan Jun , Stavridi Elena , Leeper Dennis B. , Iliakis George 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough p53 responses after DNA damage have been investigated extensively, p53 responses after heat shock, which exerts cytotoxic action by mechanisms other than direct induction of DNA damage, are less well characterized. We investigated, therefore, the effect of hyperthermic exposures on the levels and DNA‐binding activity of p53. Experiments were carried out with U2OS and ML‐1 cells, known to express wild‐type p53 protein. Although heating at 41°C for up to 6 h had only a small effect on p53 levels or DNA binding activity, exposure to temperatures between 42.5 and 45.5°C caused an immediate decrease in protein levels that was associated with a reduction in DNA binding activity. This observation is compatible with a high lability of p53 to heat shock, or heat sensitivity of the pathway regulating p53 levels in non‐stressed cells. When cells were heated to 42.5°C and returned to normal temperatures, a strong p53 response associated with an increase in protein levels and DNA binding activity was observed, suggesting the production of p53‐inducing cellular damage. At higher temperatures, however, this response was compromised in an exposure–time‐dependent manner. The increase in DNA binding activity was more heat sensitive than the increase in p53 levels and was inhibited at lower temperatures and shorter exposure times. Thus, the pathway of p53 activation is itself heat sensitive and compromised at high levels of exposure. Compared to p53 activation after exposure to ionizing radiation, heat‐induced activation is rapid and short lived. When cells were exposed to combined heat and radiation, the response observed approximated that of cells exposed to heat alone. Wortmannin at 10 μM inhibited p53 activation for up to 2 h after heat shock suggesting the involvement of wortmannin‐sensitive kinases, such as DNA‐PK and ATM. Heat shock causes phosphorylation of p53 at Serine‐15, but there is no correlation between phosphorylation at this site and activation of the protein. The results in aggregate indicate p53 activation in the absence of DNA damage by a heat‐sensitive mechanism operating with faster kinetics than radiation‐induced p53 activation. The former response may induce pathways preventing other stimuli from activating p53, as heat‐induced activation of p53 is dominant over activation of p53 by DNA damage in combined‐treatment experiments. These observations suggest means for abrogating p53 induction after DNA damage with the purpose of potentiating response and enhancing cell killing. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 365–374, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of N‐cadherin in bone formation
Authors: Marie Pierre J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCell–cell adhesion mediated by cadherins is essential for the function of bone forming cells during osteogenesis. Here, the evidence that N‐cadherin is an important regulator of osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis is reviewed. Osteoblasts express a limited number of cadherins, including the classic N‐cadherin. The expression profile of N‐cadherin in osteoblasts during bone formation in vivo and in vitro suggests a role of this molecule in osteogenesis. Functional studies using neutralizing antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides indicate that N‐cadherin is involved in the control the expression of osteoblast marker gene expression and differentiation. Cleavage of N‐cadherin during osteoblast apoptosis also suggests a role of N‐cadherin‐mediated‐cell–cell adhesion in osteoblast survival. Hormonal and local factors that regulate osteoblast function also regulate N‐cadherin expression and subsequent cell–cell adhesion associated with osteoblast differentiation or survival. Signaling mechanisms involved in N‐cadherin‐mediated cell–cell adhesion and osteoblast gene expression have also been identified. Alterations of N‐cadherin expression are associated with abnormal osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis in pathological conditions. These findings indicate that N‐cadherin plays a role in normal and pathological bone formation and provide some insight into the process involved in N‐cadherin‐mediated cell–cell adhesion and differentiation in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 297–305, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.