bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alone
Authors: Bailey Lt.-Col. F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
About this time one rather unpleasant incident occurred which might have led to serious consequences. Mrs. Stephanovitch, who had come with us from Kashgar, wanted to return, and had been refused permission. The Bolsheviks wished to arrest her husband who had returned to Kashgar from Andijan, and had an idea of using her as a decoy. The Armenian assistant in the bank at Kashgar had written to the Soviet authorities in Tashkent denouncing certain Russians in Kasghar as counter-revolutionaries, among them, not incorrectly, her· husband. Mrs. Stephanovitch decided to try to slip away from Tashkent without permission. Though I had frequently asked Dama-gatsky for permission to send messages out of the country, I had been given no opportunity to do so. I therefore decided to send a short message out by her. The message was on a tiny piece of paper. I had given it to her, but I did not know where she had concealed it.
Arrested
Authors: Bailey Lt.-Col. F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Had been continually pressing Damagatsky to allow me to communicate with Kashgar and at last I was told I could have one courier sent from Kashgar on condition that no cipher messages were enclosed. I telegraphed to Etherton in Kashgar and on October 13th a sealed bag arrived intact, much to my surprise. The courier was an ex-soldier from the 11th Bengal Lancers. He had had some adventures on the way. In spite of his papers, showing him to be a British courier, he had been arrested in Kokhand and had spent two days in gaol there. He was detained for a day in the guard-room on Chernyayevo station but he had again been allowed to proceed. Arriving at Tashkent at daybreak, he had walked out of the station without anyone questioning him. I am certain that it was the intention of the authorities to inspect this bag before delivering it to me, but the police were slack and lazy at that early hour.
In Troitskoe
Authors: Bailey Lt.-Col. F M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Stayed a few days in the meteorological station, trying to make arrangements to go to Tashkent. One day Garibaldi passed through. It is an instance of the care we took to keep our business concealed from others that although we all had our midday meal together neither Edwards nor Merz knew who he was, nor that he had been in the mountains with me. We were very comfortable and well fed here, though the bread was not as good as Garibaldi’s baking. The Soviet bread was a mixture of maize and other flour and was suspected to contain a proportion of sawdust. We had the luxury of paraffin oil to burn. In our hut up the hill our only light had been pieces of cotton wool laid in a saucer of cotton oil. Later this was all anyone had in Tashkent when, as frequently happened, the electric light was cut off. One day some hunters arrived with four camels. They were part of a kind of commercial company which had been formed to kill pigs and other game for sale in the town. One of these was Colonel Yusupov with whom I had stopped on November 7th and who, of course, knew me. I was not to see him again till we met in Bokhara ten months later. We had a lot of snow here and it was very cold and windy. The temperature sank below zero, Fahrenheit. In fact it was much colder than at the bee-farm in our sheltered valley three thousand feet higher. While staying here we heard rumours of disturbances in Tashkent. The news was that the Bolsheviks had been over-thrown. I did not believe this, but my companions were on the top of the wave and already looking forward to the joys of a free normal life with its many pleasures.
Introduction
Authors: Evangelisti Silvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many of us, nuns are a remote reality, detached from the world. But we are all more or less familiar with the sight of convents. Convents are part of both the urban setting and the rural landscape of a number of Western countries. Some still exist, while others have been turned into museums and become part of the national heritage, or have been transformed into schools, university departments, hotels, or—less happily—into hospitals, prisons, and army quarters. We are also familiar with the inside of these places: small rooms, internal cloisters, corridors, austere and imposing refectories, all spaces that often boast an impressive range of frescos, paintings, and architectural features. We may have visited these buildings or stayed in them, or simply learnt about them in novels, specialized publications, paintings, and Wlms. This book deals with the women who lived in such places before they became what they are now. It invites the readers to go back a few centuries to discover what life was like in these communities, and to see how nuns, despite their small numbers, took on crucial social roles. Hopefully the following pages will persuade them that nuns’ lives were not at all remote from those of their contemporaries. Their history is as remote from us as any other part of the past can often be—a faraway land, inexplicable but partly accessible.
Theatre and Music
Authors: Evangelisti Silvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
[Antwerp] January 2 [1617/18] Here there has been much gaiety, for I had [the nuns] doing all sorts of nonsense; and they made sport of Monsior de Beruel and his associates, and Madame Acarie played Dionisia so that we were dying of laughter; and Angelito did Ymon, to the same eVect. Angelito played the Prioress on the feast of the Holy Innocents, and did it famously I tell you this to give you some recreation, and hope you are amused; and be sure that I love you well and fondly, my Daughter. May you be with God. When Ana de San Bartolomé wrote this letter to her friend Ana de la Ascensión, the two of them were both living in Antwerp, in the Spanish and English Carmelite convents respectively, Ana de la Ascensión being the prioress of the latter.
The Visual Arts
Authors: Evangelisti Silvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anyone visiting the old Franciscan church and convent of the Corpus Domini in Bologna, located in a narrow street at the heart of the old city centre, will be able to see the body of its founder, the famous visionary saint Caterina Vigri, whom we have already encountered in this book. A rather slight female Wgure, whose complexion has been darkened by the centuries, Caterina ’s body is enclosed in a small chapel next to the main church of this large architectural complex. She sits on a throne, surrounded by relics and pictorial images which furnish the chapel. The nuns jealously preserve her cruciWx, her violin, her breviary, and twenty-one small panels illustrating her life, death, and miracles, painted by Giulio Morina around 1594, more than a century after her death. Venerated as a living saint, Caterina ’s existence was a proliWc series of ecstasies, prophecies, and miracles. In Morina ’s panels, these extraordinary episodes become vivid images of the nuns in their habits, veils, and clogs, busy with their daily duties while witnessing her exceptional life.
Expansion: Nuns across the Globe
Authors: Evangelisti Silvia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The powerful image of women living in sacred cloistered spaces, dressed in their religious garb and veils, active in their spiritual and domestic duties, creative in all the arts, and sometimes endowed with mystical gifts, is now Wrmly established in our mind. There is, however, another equally powerful image which captures the nature of female monastic life: that of the founding nun. There are numerous examples of very determined nuns leaving their convents and moving to other cities, and even other countries, in order to found new communities.
The human dimension
Authors: Wolff Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the events shaping international affairs, ethnic conflict is one that seems particularly difficult to grasp for many people in the western world. Not only does it seem irrational to kill people or force them from their homelands just because they belong to a different ethnic group, it also appears so wasteful of human and material resources in the light of the problems and challenges faced by most of the countries in which such conflicts occur, especially in the developing world.
Ethnicity and nationalism
Authors: Wolff Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us begin our exploration of ethnicity and nationalism with two tales to illustrate how ethnic identities ‘come into being’ and con­ tribute to the formation of groups that, in some but by no means even the majority of cases, eventually engage in violent conflict with one another. Our first tale begins in Rwanda around 2000 BC. By then the first inhabitants of the territory of today’s Rwanda had arrived in the area. They were hunter-gatherers and forest dwellers. Although the oldest of Rwanda’s inhabitants, their present-day descendants, the Twa, are only a very small minority of around 1 per cent of Rwanda’s total population. About 1,000 years later, farmers began to migrate to the area. Clearing forests and cultivating the land, they quickly grew in numbers, partially displacing the original settlers.
What causes ethnic conflicts?
Authors: Wolff Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The province of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea comprises two large islands—Buka and Bougainville—as well as a number of smaller groups of islands, and hosts a population of a little more than 150,000 people. It is one of the country’s most remote provinces, being located some 600 miles from Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. Although Bougainvilleans can be broadly characterized as Melanesians, unlike the rest of Papua New Guinea’s citizens they bear an unmistakable mark of distinction from them in that the colour of their skin is much darker.
Dawn of the Scientific Age: the Road to the Scaffold
Authors: Gratzer Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gradual eclipse of the Galenic doctrine, the authority of which remained unquestioned for 15 centuries, was hastened by the great Andreas Vesalius, seen as the founder of modern medicine. He was born in Brussels in 1514, and came from a long line of doctors. His father had served as apothecary to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian and to his grandson, Charles V. Vesalius was admired for his deep knowledge and elegant use of the classical languages, which he absorbed in his studies at the University of Louvain (Leuven). He went on to study medicine at the Sorbonne, returning to Louvain in 1536 when war broke out between France and the Holy Roman Empire, with which he was identified. But soon, having apparently quarrelled with the medical faculty, he moved to Padua, and it was at the university there that the bulk of his great work was done.
The Savants’ Disputes
Authors: Gratzer Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was probably the illustrious savant with the mellifluous name of René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur who made the first careful attempt to see, rather than merely imagine, what goes on in a stomach. Réaumur’s activities were numerous. He was born in 1683 in La Rochelle, and studied law before his interest in science prevailed. His first notable work concerned the manufacture of steel. He showed that it contains carbon, and developed a procedure for manufacture of steel from cast iron, thereby initiating the steel industry in France. He interested himself in other practical crafts, including production of glass and porcelain. He devised the alcohol thermometer and invented the temperature scale, long favoured in France, which bears his name. (The freezing-point of water was 0° and its boiling-point 90°R.)
Fads and Quacks
Authors: Gratzer Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is nothing new about dietary fads. One might argue that the Galenic theories about the kinds of foods suitable for the young, the old, or the sick (Chapter 3) amounted to little else. Nor for that matter do the dietary rules prescribed by religions, which have (and had) little to do with the preservation of health. But the 19th century saw the flowering of science, and with it of pseudo-science, and this, allied to the growth of prosperity, at least in Europe and North America, diverted people’s minds from the problems of staying alive to the allure of staying alive for ever. So, expedited by an irrepressible advertising industry, the golden age of fads and quackery was ushered in, and it envelops us still. One fad that pre-dates all is vegetarianism in its extreme form.
Against an Ideology of Human Rights
Authors: Zizek Slavoj 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The critique of the notion of universal human rights usually invokes two arguments. The first is based on the well-known Marxist symptomal reading which endeavours to render visible the particular content which gives the specific ‘bourgeois’ ideological spin to the notion of human rights: ‘universal human rights are effectively the right of the white male private owners to exchange freely on the market, exploit workers and women, as well as exert political domination …’ Tendentially, at least, this approach considers the hidden ‘pathological’ spin as constitutive of the very form of the Universal.
Border Crossings
Authors: Phillips Caryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
And then, of course, it happens much as it always happens. The driver turns to me and says, ‘Mr Caryl, please you can maybe help me?’ I wait for a beat and then he continues. ‘I have a form for the visa lottery. I think it is for 2–0–0–5 but I don’t know how to fill it. I would like to go out of this place.’ Awuje has been driving me for four days now, and I had half- expected this moment from the beginning. But he certainly chose his location well. We are in the small town of Elmina on the West Coast of Africa. The site of one of the largest and most impressive of the slave forts, those troubling edifices from whose dungeons millions of Africans were shipped in conditions of unspeakable misery, across the broad expanse of the Atlantic Ocean and deposited into the new American world.
chapter V
Authors: Burnaby Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE shades of evening were falling fast as we rode through the town. Presently, leaving behind the dirty lanes and filthy streets, the main features of Scutari, we emerged upon the open country. The road was in a dreadful state, at least a foot of black mud was piled on the strata below. In order the better to avoid the dirt we rode along a raised path which overhung the highway, Osman and Radford each leading a baggage-horse. In about half an hour we arrived at a place where the highway ascended rapidly for a few hundred yards. The footpath rose yet more abruptly, and here and there large sections of it had fallen into the road below. We were passing by the cemetery at Scutari. Thousands of grave-stones which mark the resting-place of departed Turks lay scattered here and there. A deep silence reigned around, and the place appeared a desert, tenanted only by the dead. Suddenly I heard a noise behind me; a sound of horse’s hoofs striking violently against some hard substance. I looked round. The first thing which met my gaze was the horse Obadiah, the source of all our previous difficulties, with his pack-saddle under the girth. In the hurry of resaddling him at Scutari the yarn breastplate and crupper had not been well adjusted, nor had they been properly buckled. The saddle had turned, and Obadiah was amusing himself by a second time kicking at my cartridge-boxes, gun-case, and tins of tea and sugar. Clash went his iron hoof against one of the cases, away flew the white sugar into the black mud. A bang resounded from the gun-case, and that went spinning in another direction. Fortunately the boxes of cartridges had
chapter XII
Authors: Burnaby Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE Pacha’s carriage was a funny-looking old vehicle. It gave me the idea of a broken-down four-wheeler, which had been taken to pieces and converted into an Irish car. There were no springs. My bones were nearly dislocated as we drove down the main street, to the Consul’s house.
The coachman turned out to be not an Englishman, but an Irishman. He had lost all signs of the native drollery. Four years spent in Turkey seemed to have taken the life out of him. He had been sent home to Ireland during the previous summer, to buy some carriagehorses for his master. On returning with his purchases, a storm arose in the Bay of Biscay. The captain of the vessel had been obliged to order the crew to throw the horses overboard. This, and the absence of all female society, had weighed upon Paddy’s mind. He only brightened up for one moment when the Consul, giving him a glass of whisky, desired him to drink it in honour of Ould Ireland and of Christmas Day. For it was Christmas Day in Angora, and the Consul’s good wife was busily engaged in all the mysteries of the cuisine.
The voyage out
Authors: Robinson Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was so boring. That is the overriding memory of one group of emigrant diarists of the voyage out from Britain. Weeks, months, sometimes more than half a year, in the same small space with the same small people and the same small amusements day after day. This group only includes those who could afford the luxury of tedium, however. They were emigrant ladies, rather than women, who were used to better things, and whose principal discomforts on board ship involved the general lack of high-calibre company.
A Ride to Khiva
Authors: Burnaby Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Ride to Khiva recounts Captain Burnaby's strictly unofficial mission in 1875 to investigate the motives behind Russia's exclusion of foreigners from Central Asia. Forced to travel in winter, he journeyed through blizzards and snowdrifts to reach the mysterious caravan city of Khiva, his adventures extending from surviving the Cossack's treatment for frostbite to taking tea with the Khan. Burnaby's account of his `one-man Great Game mission' was hugely successful, reprinting eleven times in its first year of publication, and A Ride to Khiva continues to make gripping reading today. Now reissued with a new introduction by the highly acclaimed author, Peter Hopkirk.
Luigi Federzoni Fascism as the VICtory of the New Italy
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the face of the profound crisis of conscience and loss of direction which is afflicting our Country at this time, Nationalism must take its responsibilities seriously. Up to now all Nationalism has had a history of being isolated, rejected, derided, and disregarded. It was treated like a prophet simply ignored as a nuisance when it urged the Italians to prepare their weapons and spirits for the inevitable ordeal of a war, a war which most believed was the morbid dream of perverse imaginations. Ignored when it reminded the nation ofits historical tasks to complete the integration of its territory and pursue political expansion within a more just hierarchy of power; when it provided sound critical foundations for the struggle against democratic reformism, humanitarian anti-militarism, universalism, and Masonic anticlericalism.
Filippo t. marinetti, A Futurist Portrait of the New Prime Minister of Italy
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vittorio Veneto’9 and the coming to power of Fascism represent the realization of the minimum Futurist programme (which has a maximum programme yet to be achieved) launched fourteen years ago by a group of daring young men who put forward convincing arguments to indict the whole nation, brought low by a senility and mediocrity which made it afraid of the foreigner.
Italian fasci abroad, Fascist Mysticism
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This anonymous article, published in a magazine written for consumption by Fasci set up by expatriates outside Italy, illustrates a major aspect of Fascist and fascist thought and exhibits anunmistakable symptom of its charismatic style of politics, namely the appropriation of religious language and mystical imagery to shroud the regime’s institutions and actions in a pseudo-spirituality. The resulting travesty is particularly grotesque in this case
Mino maccari, The Anti-Modemist Aesthetic of Strapaese
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have nodesire to ·abolish’ modernity; we are not nostalgic for any past century; it is just that we would like to see a modernity which is more Italian than American or German, and our century more in harmony with the traditional Italian spirit, with customs, with a mentality, with habits which are peculiar to our people and rooted in generations ofltalians.
Benito mussolini, The Greatest Massacre of All Time: Democracy
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the meeting of Verona the Fascist Republican Party set out its founding principles. If the events of the war have delayed the application of some of them, this does not mean they are changed. They remain. To those who still ask ·what do you want?’ we answer with three words which sum up our programme. They are these: Italy, Republic, socialization.
Benito mussolini, What Might have Been: Axis Europe
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this inte1view, given eight days before he was shot by partisans, mussolini evokes his grandiose vision of what an axis victory would have achieved. As the hegemonic nation in the south of a europe divided into two vast geopolitical spheres, italy would finally have gained the wealth and power so far denied it by the old plutocracies. Noteworthy are his admission that even in these conditions it would have then taken italy a hundred years of
Otto Dickel The Resurgence of the West
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The second Reich was a transitional Reich. It collapsed because it did not have the time to create a successor.[ ] The second Reich was an incomplete Reich. It did not include Austria, which continued to live as a survivor of the first Reich alongside the second. It was a Small-German Reich,13 which we can only see as a deviation on the road to creating a Great-German Reich. The third Reichis a spiritual goal and simultaneously embraces a politicaltask. If we go under, then, in the light of the experiences we have had of other peoples, Germany itself goes under, and with it everything that has ever made Germans what they are. There is no people that could raise us up again.[ ]
Otto Strasser, The German Knight As The Key To Europe’s Recovery
Authors: Griffin Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The resolute repudiation of any form of imperialism is a core feature of the volkisch idea. Without reservation it affirms the right of every nation to national independence, to its autonomous control of the forms taken by its political, economic, and cultural life. In particular this consideration leads to the rejection of the modem imperialism based on racial delusions which infers from the supposed superiority of a particular race its right to rule over and exploit other peoples and races. By the same token it rejects every form of economic, cultural, and religious imperialism, even the imperialism of particular ideas which in an identical fashion Bolshevism and Fascism are seeking to foist upon their neighbours. ‘Every people should pursue happiness in its own way’, that is the basic principle of this conservative world-view, which is the only one which makes the collaboration of peoples within their cultural sphere at all possible, something which in the form of a ‘European Federation’ constitutes the main objective of the foreign policy of the socialist German Reich.