bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary history of Coleoptera (Insecta) in the late Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic
Authors: Beutel Rolf G. , Xu Chunpeng , Jarzembowski Edmund , Kundrata Robin , Boudinot Brendon E. , McKenna Duane D. , Goczał Jakub 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent progress in beetle palaeontology has incited us to re‐address the evolutionary history of the group. The Permian †Tshekardocoleidae had elytra that covered the posterior body in a loose tent‐like manner. The formation of elytral epipleura and a tight fit of elytra and abdomen were important evolutionary transformations in the Middle Permian, resulting in a tightly enclosed subelytral space. Permian families were likely associated with dead wood of gymnospermous trees. The end‐Permian extinction event resulted in a turnover in the composition of beetle faunas, especially a decline of large‐bodied wood‐associated forms. Adephaga and Myxophaga underwent a first wave of diversification in the Triassic. Polyphaga are very rare in this period. The first wave of diversification of this suborder occurs in the Jurassic, with fossils of Elateriformia, Staphyliniformia and Cucujiformia. The Cretaceous fossil record has been tremendously enriched by the discovery of amber inclusions. Numerous fossils represent all major polyphagan lineages and also the remaining suborders. Improved analytical methods for documenting and placing extinct taxa are discussed. Different factors have played a role in the diversification of beetles. The enormous number of species associated with flowering plants, and timing and patterns of diversification in phytophagous lineages indicate that the angiosperm radiation played a major role in beetle macroevolution. Moreover, the evolution of intimate partnerships with symbionts and the acquisition of novel genes—obtained from fungi and bacteria via horizontal gene transfers—facilitated the use of plant material as a food source and were key innovations in the diversification of plant‐feeding beetles.
A multicenter prospective study to define the natural history of BK viral infections in kidney transplantation
Authors: Seifert Michael E. , Mannon Roslyn B. , Nellore Anoma , Young JoAnne , Wiseman Alexander C. , Cohen David J. , Peddi V. Ram , Brennan Daniel C. , Morgan Charity J. , Peri Kalyani , Aban Inmaculada , Whitley Richard J. , Gnann John W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus (BKV) can cause permanent loss of allograft function due to BKV‐associated nephropathy (BKVN) in kidney transplant recipients. Besides immunosuppression reduction, there are no consistently effective interventions for BKV infection. Study purpose was to define natural history of BKV infection, identify risk factors for BKV reactivation and BKVN in kidney transplant recipients, and inform the design/conduct of future clinical trials of BKV‐targeted therapeutics.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter prospective observational study of incident kidney transplant recipients at six U.S. transplant centers. Participants were monitored every 4 weeks for BKV reactivation and followed for up to 24 months post‐transplant. We used regression models (logistic, survival, mixed models) to study relationships between BK viremia/BKVN, clinical characteristics, and allograft function.ResultsWe enrolled 335 participants. Fifty‐eight (17%) developed BK viremia, 6 (2%) developed biopsy‐proven BKVN, and 29 (9%) developed suspected/presumed BKVN (defined as BKV viral load > 10,000 copies/mL without biopsy). Male donor sex was associated with lower odds for BK viremia, whereas recipient Black race was associated with two‐fold increased odds for BK viremia. Recipient female sex was associated with more rapid clearance of BK viremia. Persistent BK viremia/BKVN was associated with poorer allograft function by 24 months post‐transplant.ConclusionsWe identified multiple donor and recipient demographic factors associated with risk for BKV infection and poorer allograft function by 24 months post‐transplant. This may help design future clinical trials of therapies to prevent or mitigate the deleterious impact of BKV reactivation on kidney transplant outcomes.
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Effects of Flow Pulsation and Surface Geometry on Heat Transfer Performance in a Channel With Teardrop-Shaped Dimples Investigated by Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Inokuma Kento , Yawata Yuki , Murata Akira , Iwamoto Kaoru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Large eddy simulation was performed to investigate heat transfer performance of a pulsating flow over teardrop-shaped dimples. A total of six geometries of dimpled surfaces were examined for dimple arrangements of in-line/staggered/original and dimple inclination angle of 0–60 deg. Pulsating flows were generated by sinusoidally varying the volume-averaged velocity. The pulsation frequency and amplitude were changed for the Strouhal number of 0–0.60 and the root-mean-square velocity amplitude normalized by the bulk flow velocity of 0–0.14. The results showed that the surface-averaged Nusselt number and friction factor were larger for the pulsating flow case than for the steady flow case. The surface-averaged Nusselt number ratio and the friction factor increased with the Strouhal number up to the Strouhal number of 0.30. For the Strouhal number larger than 0.30, they decreased with the Strouhal number or stayed almost constant. Consequently, the heat transfer efficiency index increased with the Strouhal number. The increase in the local Nusselt number ratio due to the flow pulsation was observed at the leading-edge region of the dimples. The results of the streamlines near the dimple showed that the swirling separation bubble was located closer to the leading-edge region due to the pulsation, which resulted in the increase of the absolute values of the turbulent heat flux and the local Nusselt number ratio.
Design and Development of Novel Lattice Structures for Optimum Energy Absorption
Authors: Jonnala Uday Kumar , K Lakshmi Rama , Y Ravi Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lattice structures are intricate networks of interconnected struts, surfaces, and plates formed from irregular and non-periodic cells. Among the promising lattices, triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) lattices stand out for their attractive blend of lightweight properties, excellent energy absorption capacity, and thermal insulation capabilities. In this paper, we propose a modeling technique to create innovative lattice structures with complicated shapes and compare their mechanical properties with existing TPMS lattices. The lattice is coded in matlab using mathematical equations. The filament-based material extrusion method was utilized to produce the desired lattice structures. In order to determine the compressive mechanical properties, the 3D-printed lattices underwent compression testing. The energy absorption capacity of the novel lattices was shown to be increased by 135%, 153%, and 162% when compared to gyroid lattice structures and 110%, 125%, and 132% when compared to diamond lattice structures at constant relative density. Furthermore, this technique gives data for creating lattice structures with complicated contours as well as the underlying design principles for the construction of lattice structures with superior mechanical characteristics and numerous applications, particularly in protective devices. The proposed approach could be used in the future to develop lightweight structures for biomedical applications that incorporate various lattice unit cell designs.
Prior dengue virus serotype 3 infection modulates subsequent plasmablast responses to Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques
Authors: Singh Tulika , Miller Itzayana G. , Venkatayogi Sravani , Webster Helen , Heimsath Holly J. , Eudailey Josh A. , Dudley Dawn M. , Kumar Amit , Mangan Riley J. , Thein Amelia , Aliota Matthew T. , Newman Christina M. , Mohns Mariel S. , Breitbach Meghan E. , Berry Madison , Friedrich Thomas C. , Wiehe Kevin , O'Connor David H. , Permar Sallie R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Immunodominant and highly conserved flavivirus envelope proteins can trigger cross-reactive IgG antibodies against related flaviviruses, which shapes subsequent protection or disease severity. This study examined how prior dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) infection affects subsequent Zika virus (ZIKV) plasmablast responses in rhesus macaques (
n
= 4). We found that prior DENV-3 infection was not associated with diminished ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies or magnitude of plasmablast activation. Rather, characterization of 363 plasmablasts and their derivative 177 monoclonal antibody supernatants from acute ZIKV infection revealed that prior DENV-3 infection was associated with a differential isotype distribution toward IgG, lower somatic hypermutation, and lesser B cell receptor variable gene diversity as compared with repeat ZIKV challenge. We did not find long-lasting DENV-3 cross-reactive IgG after a ZIKV infection but did find persistent ZIKV-binding cross-reactive IgG after a DENV-3 infection, suggesting non-reciprocal cross-reactive immunity. Infection with ZIKV after DENV-3 boosted pre-existing DENV-3-neutralizing antibodies by two- to threefold, demonstrating immune imprinting. These findings suggest that the order of DENV and ZIKV infections has impact on the quality of early B cell immunity which has implications for optimal immunization strategies.

IMPORTANCE
The Zika virus epidemic of 2015–2016 in the Americas revealed that this mosquito-transmitted virus could be congenitally transmitted during pregnancy and cause birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no interventions to mitigate this disease and Zika virus is likely to re-emerge. Understanding how protective antibody responses are generated against Zika virus can help in the development of a safe and effective vaccine. One main challenge is that Zika virus co-circulates with related viruses like dengue, such that prior exposure to one can generate cross-reactive antibodies against the other which may enhance infection and disease from the second virus. In this study, we sought to understand how prior dengue virus infection impacts subsequent immunity to Zika virus by single-cell sequencing of antibody producing cells in a second Zika virus infection. Identifying specific qualities of Zika virus immunity that are modulated by prior dengue virus immunity will enable optimal immunization strategies.
The complete coding sequence of a rabies lyssavirus (RABV) detected in an American black bear (
Ursus americanus
) in Connecticut, USA.
Authors: Helal Zeinab H. , Francesca Soriano Nina , Hyeon Ji-Yeon , Chun Hyunjung , Sims Maureen , Wheeler Amelia , Risatti Guillermo R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The complete coding sequence of a rabies lyssavirus (RABV) detected in a black bear (
Ursus americanus
) was generated. RNA extracted from brain tissues was amplified using reverse transcription followed by tiling PCR sequencing to obtain RABV whole viral genome. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina ISeq 100 instrument.
High-quality genome assembly and genetic transformation system of
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
strain LTTK16-3, a fungal pathogen of Chinese hickory
Authors: Ma Tianling , Yan Chenyi , Zhang Shuya , Liang Dong , Mao Chengxin , Zhang Chuanqing 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Lasiodiplodia theobromae,
as one of the causative agents associated with Chinese hickory trunk cankers, has caused huge economic losses to the Chinese hickory industry. Although the biological characteristics of this pathogen and the occurrence pattern of this disease have been well studied, few studies have addressed the related mechanisms due to the poor molecular and genetic study basis of this fungus. In this study, we sequenced and assembled
L. theobromae
strain LTTK16-3, isolated from a Chinese hickory tree (cultivar of Linan) in Linan, Zhejiang province, China. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics analysis presented crucial cues in the prediction of LTTK16-3, which shared similar regulatory mechanisms of transcription, DNA replication, and DNA damage response with the other four Chinese hickory trunk canker-associated
Botryosphaeria
strains including,
Botryosphaeria dothidea
,
Botryosphaeria fabicerciana
,
Botryosphaeria qingyuanensis,
and
Botryosphaeria corticis
. Moreover, it contained 18 strain-specific protein clusters (not conserved in the other
L. theobromae
strains, AM2As and CITRA15), with potential roles in specific host-pathogen interactions during the Chinese hickory infection. Additionally, an efficient system for
L. theobromae
protoplast preparation and polyethylene glycol (PEG) -mediated genetic transformation was firstly established as the foundation for its future mechanisms study. Collectively, the high-quality genome data and the efficient transformation system of
L. theobromae
here set up the possibility of targeted molecular improvements for Chinese hickory canker control.

IMPORTANCE

Fungi with disparate genomic features are physiologically diverse, possessing species-specific survival strategies and environmental adaptation mechanisms. The high-quality genome data and related molecular genetic studies are the basis for revealing the mechanisms behind the physiological traits that are responsible for their environmental fitness. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the LTTK16-3 strain, the genome of
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
first obtained from a diseased Chinese hickory tree (cultivar of Linan) in Linan, Zhejiang province, China. Further phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics analysis provide crucial cues in the prediction of the proteins with potential roles in specific host-pathogen interactions during the Chinese hickory infection. An efficient PEG-mediated genetic transformation system of
L. theobromae
was established as the foundation for the future mechanisms exploration. The above genetic information and tools set up valuable clues to study
L. theobromae
pathogenesis and assist in Chinese hickory canker control.
Tunnelised superiorly based preauricular flap and conchal cartilage graft for antihelix reconstruction
Authors: Caretto Anna Amelia , Colavincenzo Chiara , Gentileschi Stefano 
Published: February 2024

Reconstruction of a full-thickness defect of the auricle’s anterior surface represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. This report describes the case of a man in his 70s, who underwent radical excision of a squamous cell carcinoma involving his right antihelix. We adopted an innovative approach for the reconstruction of the antihelix, using a tunnelled preauricular flap reinforced with an ipsilateral concha cartilage graft. The flap’s base was de-epithelialised, allowing a single-stage procedure. Three months postoperation, no complications arose, and the scars at the donor site were effectively concealed. The aesthetic result was excellent, thanks to the perfect colour match, symmetry, shape of the auricle and the long-lasting integrity of the antihelical structure.This technique allows for accurate reconstruction of the convoluted surface of the auricle in cases of full-thickness defects of the antihelix, without the need to harvest cartilage from other donor sites and in a single surgical procedure.
Racial differences in measures of glycemia in the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: LeBlanc Erin S , Pittas Anastassios G , Nelson Jason , Chatterjee Ranee , Rasouli Neda , Rhee Mary K , Pratley Richard E , Desouza Cyrus V , Neff Lisa M , Peters Anne M , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , Hsia Daniel S 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding how race may influence the association between A1c and glycemia can improve diabetes screening. We sought to determine whether, for a given A1c level, glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) differed by race.Research design and methodsFrom data collected at 22 US clinical sites, we conducted a cross-sectional study of concurrently measured A1c and OGTT and observational longitudinal follow-up of the subset with high-risk pre-diabetes. Numerical integration methods were used to calculate area under the glycemic curve (AUCglu) during OGTT and least squares regression model to estimate A1c for a given AUCgluby race, controlling for potential confounders.Results1016 black, 2658 white, and 193 Asian persons at risk of diabetes were included in cross-sectional analysis. Of these, 2154 with high-risk pre-diabetes were followed for 2.5 years. For a given A1c level, AUCgluwas lower in black versus white participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, A1c levels for a given AUCgluquintile were 0.15–0.20 and 0.02–0.19 percentage points higher in black and Asian compared with white participants, respectively (p<0.05). In longitudinal analyses, black participants were more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes by A1c than white participants (28% vs 10%, respectively; p<0.01). Black and Asian participants were less likely to be diagnosed by fasting glucose than white participants (16% vs 15% vs 37%, respectively; p<0.05). Black participants with A1c levels in the lower-level quintiles had greater increase in A1c over time compared with white participants.ConclusionsUse of additional testing beyond A1c to screen for diabetes may better stratify diabetes risk in the diverse US population.
Can earlier BCG-Japan and OPV vaccination reduce early infant mortality? A cluster-randomised trial in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Thysen Sanne Marie , da Silva Borges Igualdino , Martins Jailson , Stjernholm Alexander Dahl , Hansen Jesper Sloth , da Silva Leontino Manuel Vieira , Martins Justiniano Sebastião Durga , Jensen Aksel , Rodrigues Amabelia , Aaby Peter , Stabell Benn Christine , Fisker Ane Baerent 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of providing BCG and oral polio vaccine (OPV) at an early home visit after delivery.DesignCluster-randomised trial, randomising 92 geographically defined clusters 1:1 to intervention/control arms.SettingBandim Health Project Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Guinea-Bissau.Participants2226 newborns enrolled between July 2016 and August 2019.InterventionsIn both arms, newborns received a home visit within 72 hours after birth. In intervention clusters (n=46), BCG and OPV were provided at the home visit.Main outcome measureRates of non-accidental mortality were compared in Cox proportional hazards models from (last of) day 1 or enrolment, until (first of) day 60 or registration of non-trial vaccines.ResultsA total of 35 deaths (intervention: 7, control: 28) were registered during the trial. Providing BCG and OPV reduced non-accidental early infant mortality by 59% (8–82%). The intervention also reduced non-accidental hospital admissions. The intervention had little impact on growth and BCG scarring and tended to increase the risk of consultations.ConclusionsThe trial was stopped early due to lower-than-expected enrolment and event rates when 33% of the planned number of newborns had been enrolled. Despite the small size of the trial, the results support that early BCG and OPV vaccinations are beneficial and reduce early child mortality and morbidity.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02504203).
Influence of study characteristics, methodological rigour and publication bias on efficacy of pharmacotherapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Cohen Sem E , Zantvoord Jasper Brian , Storosum Bram W C , Mattila Taina Kristiina , Daams Joost , Wezenberg Babet , de Boer Anthonius , Denys Damiaan A J P 
Published: February 2024

QuestionWe examined the effect of study characteristics, risk of bias and publication bias on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Study selection and analysisWe conducted a systematic search of double-blinded, placebo-controlled, short-term RCTs with selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or clomipramine. We performed a random-effect meta-analysis using change in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) as the primary outcome. We performed meta-regression for risk of bias, intervention, sponsor status, number of trial arms, use of placebo run-in, dosing, publication year, age, severity, illness duration and gender distribution. Furthermore, we analysed publication bias using a Bayesian selection model.FindingsWe screened 3729 articles and included 21 studies, with 4102 participants. Meta-analysis showed an effect size of −0.59 (Hedges’ G, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.46), equalling a 4.2-point reduction in the YBOCS compared with placebo. The most recent trial was performed in 2007 and most trials were at risk of bias. We found an indication for publication bias, and subsequent correction for this bias resulted in a depleted effect size. In our meta-regression, we found that high risk of bias was associated with a larger effect size. Clomipramine was more effective than SSRIs, even after correcting for risk of bias. After correction for multiple testing, other selected predictors were non-significant.ConclusionsOur findings reveal superiority of clomipramine over SSRIs, even after adjusting for risk of bias. Effect sizes may be attenuated when considering publication bias and methodological rigour, emphasising the importance of robust studies to guide clinical utility of OCD pharmacotherapy.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023394924.
Association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and risk of arthritis, findings from a US National Survey 2007–2018
Authors: Liang Zhenguo , WU Dongze , Zhang Hua , Gu Jieruo 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundArthritis is thought to be closely related to serum uric acid. The study aims to assess the association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) and arthritis.MethodsA multistage, stratified cluster was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of adult US civilians aged≥20 years from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants with hyperuricemia and without hyperuricemia prior to gout were included. A questionnaire was used to determine whether participants had arthritis and the type of arthritis. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and arthritis.ResultDuring the past 12 years, the percentage of participants with arthritis changed from 25.95% (22.53%–29.36%) to 25.53% (21.62%–29.44%). The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increased from 8.70% (95% CI: 6.56% to 10.85%) to 12.44% (95% CI: 9.32% to 15.55%), the prevalence of AH changed from 16.35% (95% CI: 14.01% to 18.40%) to 16.39% (95% CI: 13.47% to 19.30%). Participants with AH were associated with onset of arthritis (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.69), but the association was muted after adjusting demographic and socioeconomic factors. For participants aged 40–49 years, AH is associated with incident arthritis (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.99) and the relationship remained after adjusting for education level, income to poverty ratio, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension and smoking (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.94 to 3.36). Compared with male, female participants with AH are more likely to develop arthritis, especially in OA (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.60).ConclusionOur data identified AH as the risk factor for incident arthritis, especially for OA, which might be exaggerated in aged population and female population.