bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous hybridization of macrophages and Meth A sarcoma cells
Authors: Busund Lill‐Tove R. , Killie Mette K. , Bartnes Kristian , Olsen Randi , Seljelid Rolf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present evidence of hybridization between Meth A sarcoma cells and syngeneic as well as semigeneic peritoneal macrophages. The resultant hybrids are characterized by morphology, membrane markers, ploidy, chromosomal content and functional features. Briefly, after a few days of coculture, cells appeared with morphology intermediate between the 2 original cell types. Typical macrophage surface molecules appeared in the hybrids. Meth A cells were labeled with red fluorescence and macrophages with green fluorescence. After 4 days in vitro, hybrids with yellow fluorescence appeared. Macrophages from BALB.K mice (H‐2 Kk) were cocultivated with Meth A cells from BALB/c mice (H‐2 Kd). The semigeneic hybrids displayed both specificities, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. The hybrids appeared moderately phagocytic, less so than the macrophages and markedly more so than the essentially nonphagocytic Meth A cells. The hybrids had a mean number of 76 chromosomes, as opposed to 53 in the Meth A cells and 40 in the macrophages. The macrophage DNA index was set at 1; Meth A cells were found to have an index of 1.6 in G1 phase, and the hybrids had a 2.6 index. The hybrids grew more slowly in vitro than Meth A cells, but grew faster in vivo. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer risks in second‐generation immigrants to Sweden
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Li Xinjun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe used the nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database to analyze cancer risks in Sweden‐born descendants of immigrants from European and North American countries. Our study included close to 600,000 0–66‐year‐old descendants of an immigrant father or mother. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 17 cancer sites using native Swedes as a reference. All cancer was marginally below the Swedish incidence in offspring of immigrant origin. Decreased SIRs were observed for breast cancer among Norwegian descendants, melanoma among descendants of Hungarian fathers and ovarian and bladder cancer among descendents of Finnish mothers, all consistent with the difference in cancer incidence between Swedes and the indigenous populations. Cervical cancer was increased in daughters of Danish men, whereas thyroid cancer and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were in excess in offspring of parents of Yugoslav and Asian descent. Even these results agreed with the high incidence rates in parents compared to Swedes, except that for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma other explanations are needed; these may be related to immune malfunction. Comparison of the results between the first‐ and the second‐generation immigrants suggest that the first 2 decades of life are important in setting the pattern for cancer development in subsequent life. Birth in Sweden sets the Swedish pattern for cancer incidence, irrespective of the nationality of descent, while entering Sweden in the 20s is already too late to influence the environmentally imprinted program for the cancer destiny. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Klade CS, Dohnal A, Furst W, Sommergruber W, Heider KH, Gharwan H, Ratschek M, Adolf GR. Identification and characterization of 9D7, a novel human protein overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer 2002;97(2): 217–224.
Authors: Klade CS , Dohnal A , Furst W , Sommergruber W , Heider KH , Gharwan H , Ratschek M , Adolf GR 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Cancer; 2002; 97(2) 217–224.
Risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history: Findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study for evaluation of cancer risk
Authors: Lin Yingsong , Tamakoshi Akiko , Kawamura Takashi , Inaba Yutaka , Kikuchi Shogo , Motohashi Yutaka , Kurosawa Michiko , Ohno Yoshiyuki ,   JACC Study Group
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the associations of such lifestyle factors as alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history with risk of death from pancreatic cancer in a large‐scale prospective cohort study [the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC study)] in Japan. Subjects were 110,792 (46,465 men and 64,327 women) inhabitants who were enrolled from 45 areas throughout Japan. At baseline, a self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on lifestyle factors and medical history. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks. During the follow‐up period (mean ± SD 8.1 ± 1.8 years), 225 deaths due to pancreatic cancer were identified. Overall, neither alcohol nor coffee intake was associated with risk of death from pancreatic cancer. Heavy coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day), however, may increase the risk. Men who reported a history of diabetes mellitus and women who reported a history of gallstone/cholecystitis were at significantly (2‐fold) increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constructing the object: taxonomic practices, ‘counterurbanisation’ and positioning marginal rural settlement
Authors: Halfacree Keith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTaxonomic practices, such as classification and categorisation, are an essential part of everyday life and of the work of academics. After introducing these practices and pointing out the selectivity that always goes with them, the paper explores the well‐known population geography phenomenon of counterurbanisation. It is claimed that taxonomic practices have worked hard in the construction of a ‘counterurbanisation story’, a relatively clear‐cut or purified account of population change in rural areas. Residualised within this talk is a range of ‘marginal settlers’. These include ‘new crofters’ in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and ‘new settlers’ from Southwest England, both of which are introduced here. Although these groups could be integrated within more conventional forms of counterurbanisation, and thus stirred into the counterurbanisation story, this strategy is not advocated here. Instead, through adopting a more dialectical perspective on counterurbanisation overall, marginal settlers can be seen to be examples of both ‘counterurbanisation’ and of a critical alternative to it. This more open perspective is important as it allows greater recognition of the dynamic, practical and social nature of taxonomic practices in general and, more specifically, facilitates an appreciation of a politically radical perspective on rural change. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicriteria maximum likelihood neural network approach to positron emission tomography
Authors: Wang Yuanmei , Heng Pheng Ann 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe emerging technology of positron emission image reconstruction is introduced in this paper as a multicriteria optimization problem. We show how selected families of objective functions may be used to reconstruct positron emission images. We develop a novel neural network approach to positron emission imaging problems. We also studied the most frequently used image reconstruction methods, namely, maximum likelihood under the framework of single performance criterion optimization. Finally, we introduced some of the results obtained by various reconstruction algorithms using computer‐generated noisy projection data from a chest phantom and real positron emission tomography (PET) scanner data. Comparison of the reconstructed images indicated that the multicriteria optimization method gave the best in error, smoothness (suppression of noise), gray value resolution, and ghost‐free images. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 11, 361–364, 2000
A Fourier approach to the natural pixel discretization of brain single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Bindi D. , Brianzi P. , Di Benedetto F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe apply the natural pixel (NP) approach to the single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) problem. The NP approach allows us to split the tomographic problem into two subproblems. The first is a linear inverse problem. The data are the measured projections and the linear operator is described by a Gram matrix, and provides a set of coefficients. The second consists of computing the solution of the tomographic problem as a linear combination of the elements of the NP basis with respect to the coefficients obtained by solving the first problem, and it provides a solution for any given grid of points. The spatially varying geometric response of the system is taken into account by properly choosing the elements of the basis. The rotational invariance shown by the elements of the considered basis induces a block circulant structure in the Gram matrix. This structure can be used to reduce the computational efforts needed for solving the inverse problem. In particular, we diagonalize (blockwise) the Gram matrix by applying the discrete Fourier transform and we solve the inverse problem in the frequency domain associated with the rotation angles. We develop numerical validation with synthetic data in order to test the performance of the NP approach and to assess the reliability of the results. A reconstruction of a two‐dimensional image requires 45–94 s, which is an acceptable time for clinical purposes. Finally, we apply the method to acquired clinical data that consist of a three‐dimensional brain scan. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 1–8, 2002
Nonuniform video coding by means of multifoveal geometries
Authors: Rodríguez J.A. , Urdiales C. , Bandera A. , Sandoval F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a control mechanism for video transmission that relies on transmitting nonuniform resolution images depending on the delay of the communication channel. These images are built in an active way to keep the areas of interest of the image at the highest resolution available. In order to shift the areas of high resolution over the image and to achieve a data structure that is easy to process by using conventional algorithms, a shifted foveal multiresolution geometry of adaptive size is used. If delays are too high, the resolution areas of the image can be transmitted at different rates. A functional system has been developed for corridor surveillance with static cameras. Tests with real video images have proven that the method allows an almost constant rate of images per second as long as the channel is not collapsed. A new method for determining the areas of interest is also proposed, based on hierarchical object tracking by means of adaptive stabilization of pyramidal structures. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 27–34, 2002
A neural network‐based nonlinear filter for image enhancement
Authors: Zhang S. , Salari E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper explores a novel neural network‐based nonlinear filter that has the ability to remove mixed noises and sharpen the edges in noise‐corrupted digital images. The noise is assumed to be a mixture of both Gaussian and impulse types. Initially, a nonlinear filter is used to reduce the noise. The smoothed image is then combined with the output of an edge detector using a synthesizer to provide the effect of noise reducing and edge sharpening. The smoother and synthesizer are designed by using layered neural networks. Simulation results show that the proposed filter can effectively remove the mixed Guassian and impulsive noises and sharpen the edges. It can adapt itself to the various noise environments by learning during the training process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 56–62, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10009
The effect of introducing pipelines into irrigation water distribution systems on the farm economy: a case study in the Southern Governorates Rural Development Project, Republic of Yemen1
Authors: Baban Rozgar , Ali Mohammad Aidrus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Southern Governorates Rural Development Project (SGRDP) is a comprehensive participatory rural development project covering three of the five southern Governorates of the Republic of Yemen, namely Hadramaut, Abyan and Lahij. Its objective is to alleviate poverty in rural areas of these three Governorates. A major component of the project is to develop virgin lands for agriculture and allocate each 5 feddan (FD) plot to those farmers who do not own land (1 FD=4200 m2). As the annual rainfall in the project area is less than 100 mm and since landlords and other farmers already own lands suitable for agriculture in the major wadis, the only source of irrigation water in the newly developed land is the groundwater (GW). The SGRDP is aware of the scarcity of water resources in the country, particularly in the project area; it therefore makes every possible effort to optimize the use of GW for irrigation by practical means. One way of reducing GW used for irrigation is by replacing major canals in the farms by buried pipelines. This method has been tried in small‐scale individual farms outside the project area and it proved that farmers could adapt to the system without difficulty. Sprinkler and drip irrigation systems have been tried in many previous agricultural development projects in the country but with no apparent success, as far as the farmers' adoption of the method is concerned. Thus, the project, as the first stage to reduce the use of GW for irrigation in the newly developed areas, planned to eliminate, initially, the conveyance losses by replacing the open canals by buried PVC pipes. In this paper, it is attempted to show that the use of buried pipes in small scale irrigation schemes is financially feasible, even if the indirect and non‐tangible environmental benefits are not considered.This paper deals only with special GW schemes recommended for the project area; however, the outcome could be generalized and applied elsewhere in the country. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Econometric applications of maxmin expected utility
Authors: Chamberlain Gary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGilboa and Schmeidler (1989) develop a set of axioms for decision making under uncertainty. The axioms imply a utility function and a set of distributions such that the preference ordering is obtained by calculating expected utility with respect to each distribution in the set, and then taking the minimum of expected utility over the set. In a portfolio choice problem, the distributions are joint distributions for the data that will be available when the choice is made and for the future returns that will determine the value of the portfolio. The set of distributions could be generated by combining a parametric model with a set of prior distributions. We apply this framework to obtain a preference ordering over decision rules, which map the data into a choice. We seek a decision rule that maximizes the minimum expected utility (or, equivalently, minimizes maximum risk) over the set of distributions. An algorithm is provided for the case of a finite set of distributions. It is based on solving a concave programme to find the least‐favourable mixture of these distributions. The minimax rule is a Bayes rule with respect to this least‐favourable distribution. The minimax value is a lower bound for minimax risk relative to a larger set of distributions. An upper bound can be found by fixing a decision rule and calculating its maximum risk. We apply the algorithm to an estimation problem in an autoregressive, random‐effects model for panel data. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of cocaine, its metabolites and ketamine
Authors: Rofael Hany Z. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCocaine abuse is an extensive problem in the USA. During the past decade, ketamine abuse also has emerged as a public health concern and is now considered a controlled substance. The prevalence of the simultaneous use of cocaine and ketamine has been shown to be high. Previous research indicates that ketamine affects the enzymes that metabolize cocaine. In order to investigate this pharmacokinetic interaction, it was necessary to identify and quantitate each compound. The aim of this study is to develop a method of detecting and resolving cocaine, its metabolites and ketamine. A new precise, accurate and sensitive reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated. This assay employed a phosphate‐buffered aqueous mobile phase (pH 6.9) with an organic component consisting of acetonitrile and methanol and a C‐18 column as stationary phase at 225 nm wavelength. Minimum detection limits were 5 ng ml−1for cocaine and 10 ng ml−1for benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and ketamine. Linearity was demonstrated over a broad range of concentration in plasma, with good sensitivity for ketamine, cocaine and cocaine metabolites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemistry and biocompatibility of alginate‐PLL capsules for immunoprotection of mammalian cells
Authors: de Vos Paul , Hoogmoed Chris G. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransplantation of encapsulated living cells is a promising approach for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. Large‐scale application of the technique, however, is hampered by insufficient biocompatibility of the capsules. In order to get means to study factors influencing the biocompatibility of capsule for encapsulation of living cells, we have correlated the chemical composition of the surface of commonly applied alginate‐PLL capsules with the biological response in rats. Capsules prepared of alginates with an intermediate guluronic (G) acid content proved to be biocompatible, whereas capsules prepared of high‐G alginates were overgrown by inflammatory cells. We applied X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to correlate the biological responses with the chemical compositions of the capsule surfaces. High‐G alginate capsules proved to have a higher PLL content but less surface binding sites for PLL than low‐G alginates. This study, shows for the first time that biological responses against capsules can be successfully correlated to its chemical characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 252–259, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10060
Effect of grooved titanium substratum on human osteoblastic cell growth
Authors: Anselme K. , Bigerelle M. , Noël B. , Iost A. , Hardouin P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVarious surface treatments have been developed to increase the clinical performance of titanium‐based implants. Many in vitro tests have been carried out on substrates with varied surface topography for a complete understanding of osteoblasts. In previous research, we made the observation that surface roughness must be taken into account, not only in terms of amplitude but also in terms of organization. In this study, we tested the adhesion and proliferation of human primary osteoblasts on grooved titanium surfaces with various amplitudes and organizations of topography. The roughness was described at a scale above (macro‐roughness) or below (micro‐roughness) the cell size. We observed better orientation and proliferation of human osteoblasts on surfaces with a micro‐roughness characterized by a lower Order (parameter describing the organization of topography) and by a higher Ra and Rz (parameters describing the amplitude of topography). It appears that cultured human osteoblasts prefer surfaces with relatively high micro‐roughness amplitude and with a low level of repeatability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 529–540, 2002
Poly(D,L‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly (D,L‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) triblock copolymer and thermoreversible phase transition in water
Authors: Shim Myung Seob , Lee Hyung Tak , Shim Woo Sun , Park Insun , Lee Hyunjung , Chang Taihyun , Kim Sung Wan , Lee Doo Sung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNovel thermoreversible gelation behavior of aqueous solutions of ABA‐type triblock copolymers composed of the central polyethylene oxide (PEG) block and two poly(D,L‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) side blocks was found. Phase transition characteristics, such as critical gel concentration (CGC) and lower and upper critical gel temperature (CGT), are closely related to the molecular structure of the triblock copolymers. The CGC and the lower CGT both increases with increasing PEG/PLGA molecular weight ratio. Increasing the GA content in PLGA block induces a somewhat higher CGC. The copolymer forms micelles with a PLGA loop core and a PEG shell in water. Also grouped micelles are identified seemingly due to the bridging of two micelles sharing two PLGA blocks of a block copolymer chain. As the temperature increases the association of micelles increases, which results in gelation. The ABA‐type copolymers exhibit a relatively low CGC (<10%) and low sol‐gel transition temperatures compared to BAB‐type copolymers. As the temperature increases further gel‐sol transition is observed, which would result from the shrinkage of micelles with temperature increase. The hydrodynamic size of the micelles is monitored by dynamic laser scattering, and a possible gelation mechanism was suggested. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 188–196, 2002
Static coefficient of friction between Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA for cemented hip and knee implants
Authors: Nuño N. , Amabili M. , Groppetti R. , Rossi A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe static coefficient of friction between Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA was determined experimentally. A microtopographic surface analysis of the Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA specimens used in the experiments was performed to characterize the surfaces. The coefficient of friction between Ti‐6Al‐4V and PMMA in both dry and wet conditions, using both Ringer's solution and bovine serum, was determined by the standard inclined plane test, following the ASTM 4516‐91 method, and by a prototype computerized sliding friction tester. The effects of surface roughness and of contact pressure on the coefficient of friction also have been investigated. Tests were performed at 26°C and at body temperature of 37°C. Considering all the tests, the overall range of the mean coefficients of friction varied between 0.17 and 0.32 in dry or wet conditions. For the same surface roughness in contact, in general the coefficient of friction using Ringer's solution was slightly lower than it was in dry conditions whereas bovine serum had a very high surface tension, which significantly increased the static coefficient of friction. ©2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 191–200, 2002
Interface‐mediated synthesis of hydroxyapatite
Authors: Pham Minh T. , Matz Wolfgang , Reuther Helfried , Richter Edgar , Steiner Gerald , Oswald Steffen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterfacing of water vapor and titanium was employed for a controlled synthesis of surface‐supported hydroxyapatite. In this approach, a Ti surface was doped with Ca and P by ion implantation and then subjected to a hydrothermal treatment in a water vapor autoclave. Ion implantation served to prepare a reactive blend of finely dispersed reactants in a stoichiometric ratio incorporated within the network of an outermost layer of the substrate surface. Needle‐like carbonate hydroxyapatite in an overlay was identified to deposit onto the surface. The results suggest interface‐mediated thin film formation and phase transformation. ©2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 254–258, 2002