bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysanapsis is not associated with exertional dyspnoea in healthy male and female never-smokers aged 40 years and older
Authors: Molgat-Seon Yannick , Sawatzky Mathieu A.T. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Kirby Miranda , Guenette Jordan A. , Bourbeau Jean , Tan Wan C. , Sheel A. William 
Published: October 2023

In healthy adults, airway-to-lung (i.e., dysanapsis) ratio is lower and dyspnoea during exercise at a given minute ventilation (V̇E) is higher in females than in males. We investigated the relationship between dysanapsis and sex on exertional dyspnoea in healthy adults. We hypothesized that females would have a smaller airway-to-lung ratio than males and that exertional dyspnoea would be associated with airway-to-lung ratio in males and females. We analyzed data from n = 100 healthy never-smokers aged ≥40 years enrolled in the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) study who underwent pulmonary function testing, a chest computed tomography scan, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The luminal area of the trachea, right main bronchus, left main bronchus, right upper lobe, bronchus intermedius, left upper lobe, and left lower lobe were 22%–37% smaller (all p < 0.001) and the airway-to-lung ratio (i.e., average large conducting airway diameter relative to total lung capacity) was lower in females than in males (0.609 ± 0.070 vs. 0.674 ± 0.082; p < 0.001). During exercise, there was a significant effect of V̇E, sex, and their interaction on dyspnoea (all p < 0.05), indicating that dyspnoea increased as a function of V̇E to a greater extent in females than in males. However, after adjusting for age and total lung capacity, there were no significant associations between airway-to-lung ratio and measures of exertional dyspnoea, regardless of sex (all r < 0.34; all p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that sex differences in airway size do not contribute to sex differences in exertional dyspnoea.
Quasinormal modes of phantom Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes
Authors: Liu Hang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate some characteristics of phantom Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter (RN-dS) black holes. The peculiar features of phantom field render this kind of black holes quite different from their counterparts. We can only find at most two horizons in this spacetime, i.e. event horizon and cosmological horizon. For the black hole charge parameter, we find that it is not bounded from below. We calculate quasinormal modes (QNMs) frequencies of massless neutral scalar field perturbation in this black hole spacetime, and some properties related to the large charge parameter are disclosed.
Genomic and Evolutionary Characterization of Concurrent Intraductal Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Zhao Jinge , Xu Nanwei , Zhu Sha , Nie Ling , Zhang Mengni , Zheng Linmao , Cai Diming , Sun Xiaomeng , Chen Junru , Dai Jindong , Ni Yuchao , Wang Zhipeng , Zhang Xingming , Liang Jiayu , Chen Yuntian , Hu Xu , Pan Xiuyi , Yin Xiaoxue , Liu Haoyang , Zhao Fengnian , Zhang Bei , Chen Hao , Miao Jiashun , Qin Cong , Zhao Xiaochen , Yao Jin , Liu Zhenhua , Liao Banghua , Wei Qiang , Li Xiang , Liu Jiyan , Gao Allen C. , Huang Haojie , Shen Pengfei , Chen Ni , Zeng Hao , Sun Guangxi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a lethal prostate cancer subtype that generally coexists with invasive high-grade prostate acinar adenocarcinoma (PAC) but exhibits distinct biological features compared with concomitant adenocarcinoma. In this study, we performed whole-exome, RNA, and DNA-methylation sequencing of IDC-P, concurrent invasive high-grade PAC lesions, and adjacent normal prostate tissues isolated from 22 radical prostatectomy specimens. Three evolutionary patterns of concurrent IDC-P and PAC were identified: early divergent, late divergent, and clonally distant. In contrast to those with a late divergent evolutionary pattern, tumors with clonally distant and early divergent evolutionary patterns showed higher genomic, epigenomic, transcriptional, and pathologic heterogeneity between IDC-P and PAC. Compared with coexisting PAC, IDC-P displayed increased expression of adverse prognosis–associated genes. Survival analysis based on an independent cohort of 505 patients with metastatic prostate cancer revealed that IDC-P carriers with lower risk International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 1–4 adenocarcinoma displayed a castration-resistant free survival as poor as those with the highest risk ISUP grade 5 tumors that lacked concurrent IDC-P. Furthermore, IDC-P exhibited robust cell-cycle progression and androgen receptor activities, characterized by an enrichment of cellular proliferation–associated master regulators and genes involved in intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. Overall, this study provides a molecular groundwork for the aggressive behavior of IDC-P and could help identify potential strategies to improve treatment of IDC-P.

Significance:
The genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic characterization of concurrent intraductal carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the prostate deepens the biological understanding of this lethal disease and provides a genetic basis for developing targeted therapies.
The Effect of Diet on Breast Cancer Recurrence: The DIANA-5 Randomized Trial
Authors: Berrino Franco , Villarini Anna , Gargano Giuliana , Krogh Vittorio , Grioni Sara , Bellegotti Manuela , Venturelli Elisabetta , Raimondi Milena , Traina Adele , Zarcone Maurizio , Amodio Rosalba , Mano Maria Piera , Johansson Harriet , Panico Salvatore , Santucci de Magistris Maria , Barbero Maggiorino , Gavazza Cristina , Mercandino Angelica , Consolaro Elena , Galasso Rocco , Del Riccio Luciana , Bassi Maria Chiara , Simeoni Milena , Premoli Paolo , Pasanisi Patrizia , Bonanni Bernardo , Bruno Eleonora 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The DIANA-5 randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of a diet based on Mediterranean and macrobiotic traditions (macro-Mediterranean diet) in reducing breast cancer recurrence.

Patients and Methods:
The DIANA-5 study involved 1,542 patients with breast cancer at high risk of recurrence because of estrogen receptor–negative cancer, or metabolic syndrome, or high plasma levels of insulin or testosterone. Women were randomly assigned to an active dietary intervention (IG) or a control group (CG). Both groups received the 2007 American Institute for Cancer Research/World Cancer Research Fund recommendations for cancer prevention. The intervention consisted of meetings with kitchen classes, community meals, and dietary recommendations. Recommended foods included whole grain cereals, legumes, soy products, vegetables, fruit, nuts, olive oil, and fish. Foods to be avoided were refined products, potatoes, sugar and desserts, red and processed meat, dairy products, and alcoholic drinks. A compliance Dietary Index was defined by the difference between recommended and discouraged foods.

Results:
Over the 5 years of follow-up, 95 patients of the IG and 98 of the CG developed breast cancer recurrence [HR = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–1.40]. The analysis by compliance to the dietary recommendations (IG and CG together) showed that the women in the upper tertile of Dietary Index change had an HR of recurrence of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.36–0.92) compared with women in the lower tertile.

Conclusions:
The DIANA-5 dietary intervention trial failed to show a reduction in breast cancer recurrence, although self-reported diet at year 1 in IG and CG combined showed a protective association with the higher Dietary Index change.
See related commentary by McTiernan, p. 931
Immunologic Targets in AML
Authors: Ritz Jerome 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Nelde and colleagues used a sensitive mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics approach to characterize the antigenic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and were able to identify immunogenic peptides presented by both leukemia stem cells (LSC) and bulk primary AML blasts. These immunogenic peptides elicit primarily CD4 T-cell responses and the diversity of the HLA class II immunopeptidome and presence of CD4 memory T-cell responses were both associated with improved clinical outcome.
See related article by Nelde et al., p. 468 (1) .
Outcomes in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism Patients Undergoing FlowTriever Mechanical Thrombectomy or Other Contemporary Therapies: Results From the FLAME Study
Authors: Silver Mitchell J. , Gibson C. Michael , Giri Jay , Khandhar Sameer , Jaber Wissam , Toma Catalin , Mina Bushra , Bowers Terry , Greenspon Lee , Kado Herman , Zlotnick David M. , Chakravarthy Mithun , DuCoffe Aaron R. , Butros Paul , Horowitz James M. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Hemodynamically unstable high-risk, or massive, pulmonary embolism (PE) has a reported in-hospital mortality of over 25%. Systemic thrombolysis is the guideline-recommended treatment despite limited evidence. The FLAME study (FlowTriever for Acute Massive PE) was designed to generate evidence for interventional treatments in high-risk PE.

Methods:
The FLAME study was a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, parallel group, observational study of high-risk PE. Eligible patients were treated with FlowTriever mechanical thrombectomy (FlowTriever Arm) or with other contemporary therapies (Context Arm). The primary end point was an in-hospital composite of all-cause mortality, bailout to an alternate thrombus removal strategy, clinical deterioration, and major bleeding. This was compared in the FlowTriever Arm to a prespecified performance goal derived from a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 53 patients were enrolled in the FlowTriever Arm and 61 in the Context Arm. Context Arm patients were primarily treated with systemic thrombolysis (68.9%) or anticoagulation alone (23.0%). The primary end point was reached in 9/53 (17.0%) FlowTriever Arm patients, significantly lower than the 32.0% performance goal (
P
<0.01). The primary end point was reached in 39/61 (63.9%) Context Arm patients. In-hospital mortality occurred in 1/53 (1.9%) patients in the FlowTriever Arm and in 18/61 (29.5%) patients in the Context Arm.

Conclusions:
Among patients selected for mechanical thrombectomy with the FlowTriever System, a significantly lower associated rate of in-hospital adverse clinical outcomes was observed compared with a prespecified performance goal, primarily driven by low all-cause mortality of 1.9%.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04795167.
Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation Environments: Aligning Building Construction and Clinical Practice Guidelines Through Care Process Mapping
Authors: Saa Juan Pablo , Lipson-Smith Ruby , White Marcus , Davis Aaron , Yang Tianyi , Wilde Jack , Blackburn Marnie , Churilov Leonid , Bernhardt Julie ,   on behalf of NOVELL Redesign
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stroke inpatient rehabilitation is a complex process involving stroke survivors, staff, and family utilizing a common space for a shared purpose: to optimize recovery. This complex pathway is rarely fully described. Stroke care is ideally guided by Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the rehabilitation built environment should serve to optimize care delivery, patient and staff experience. We aimed to articulate the inpatient stroke rehabilitation process of care in a series of process maps, and to understand the degree to which current stroke clinical and building construction (ie, design) guidelines align to support inpatient stroke rehabilitation.

METHODS:
We used the Value-Focused Process Engineering methodology to create maps describing the events and activities that typically occur in the current stroke inpatient rehabilitation service model. These maps were completed through individual and group session consultations with stroke survivors, architects, policy makers, and clinical experts. We then determined which sections of the Australian Stroke Rehabilitation Guidelines and the Australasian Health Facility Design Guidelines could be aligned and applied to the process maps.

RESULTS:
We present a summary process map for stroke inpatient rehabilitation, alongside detailed process maps for 4 different phases of rehabilitation (admission, a normal weekday, a weekend day, and discharge) using Value-Focused Process Engineering notation. The integration of design and clinical guidelines with care pathway maps revealed where guidelines lack detail to be readily linked to current stroke inpatient care practice, providing an opportunity to design stroke inpatient rehabilitation spaces based on the activities occurring within them.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings highlight gaps where clinical and design experts should work together to use guidelines to their full potential; and to improve the process of planning for future stroke rehabilitation units.
Turning the Light Switch on Binding: Prefrontal Activity for Binding and Retrieval in Action Control
Authors: Geissler Christoph Felix , Schöpper Lars-Michael , Engesser Anna Franziska , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander , Frings Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
According to action control theories, responding to a stimulus leads to the binding of response and stimulus features into a common representation, that is, an event file. Repeating any component of an event file retrieves all previously bound information, leading to performance costs for partial repetitions measured in so-called binding effects. Although otherwise robust and stable, binding effects are typically completely absent in “localization tasks,” in which participants localize targets with spatially compatible responses. Yet, it is possible to observe binding effects in such when location features have to be translated into response features. We hypothesized that this modulation of binding effects is reflected in task involvement of the dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC). Participants localized targets with either direct (i.e., spatially compatible key) or translated (i.e., diagonally opposite to the spatially compatible key) responses. We measured DLPFC activity with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. On the behavioral level, we observed binding effects in the translated response condition, but not in the direct response condition. Importantly, prefrontal activity was also higher in the translated mapping condition. In addition, we found some evidence for the strength of the difference in binding effects in behavioral data being correlated with the corresponding effects in prefrontal activity. This suggests that activity in the DLPFC reflects the amount of executive control needed for translating location features into responses. More generally, binding effects seem to emerge only when the task at hand involves DLPFC recruitment.
Actors and Networks Embedded in Political Vigilante Groups in Ghana
Authors: Bukari Kaderi N. , Ametefe Richard , Osei-Kufuor Patrick , Imoro Razak J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rise of political vigilante groups threatens democratic consolidation, peace and security of elections and national cohesion in Ghana. These vigilante groups, networked and sometimes formed by political party leaders, are mainly used for party election-related activities that go beyond ensuring success for their political party in elections to include protection for party officials and performing law enforcement functions. However, these groups and their activities are not just carried out in isolation, but done through social networks with various actors. This paper examines the actors and social networks embedded in political vigilantism in Ghana. The paper employed interviews and Social Network Analysis (SNA). The study established that vigilante groups and their activities were embedded in youth groups, political parties as well as ethnic networks. Additionally, financial networks were key in both the formation and the operations of vigilante groups. Politicians, businessmen and chiefs exert influence and power on vigilante groups. The sociographs also confirmed that the most influential in vigilante group activities were political leaders.
Political Parties Act as a Stumbling Block to Women’s Political Leadership in Tanzania
Authors: Lihiru Victoria M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The international, regional and subregional conventions that Tanzania has ratified call for State Parties to regulate the functioning of political parties to, inter alia, promote the full participation of women in political leadership and in decision-making processes. The reintroduction of multiparty democracy in 1992 witnessed the enactment of the 1992 Political Parties Act to govern the registration and management of political parties. The Political Parties Act scarcely contained any specific provisions for advancement of women’s political leadership in political parties. The Act was amended in 2019 through the Political Parties Amendment Act (PPAA). While the PPAA requires political parties to adhere to the principles of gender and social inclusion in the nomination of its candidates, elections of its leaders and in the design of its policy documents, the provision is vague, non-binding, and hard to enforce. This article analyses the Political Parties Act of 1992, and its 2019 Amendment. It depicts legal gaps that negatively affect how women become party leaders, candidates, and benefit from parties’ resources and capacity building opportunities. The article makes recommendations to improve legal protection for the advancement of women’s access to political leadership.
Czech Question as an Answer? The Problem of Unpredictability of National Myths
Authors: Štrama Vladimír 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The field of nationalism studies has stagnated for the past three decades. What looks like a breath of fresh air is Gerárd Bouchard’s theory of national myths, offering a new perspective on the hitherto largely overlooked study of myths. But while Bouchard brings us closer to the practical utilisation of myths, his theory also implies that the process of mythification is largely unpredictable. Myths seem to emerge and disappear in a rather mysterious manner, preventing us from effectively controlling them. The story of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first Czechoslovak president, demonstrates this problem. Masaryk originally succeeded in constructing a democratic Czechoslovak myth, but later historical developments rendered his efforts not only ineffective but also counter-productive. The culprit, however, should not be sought in Masaryk’s philosophy or actions, as some authors have suggested, but rather in the unpredictable nature of the mythification process itself.
The Role of Artwork in a Diplomatic Environment: A Case Study of the Art Collection of the Dutch Delegation at nato Headquarters
Authors: Ruijter Wilko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article examines the role of artwork in the diplomatic practice of international organizations and how this relates to the foreign policy of the member states. Although the relationship between artwork and diplomacy has received some scholarly attention, the specific relationship between artwork and international organizations has rarely been covered in academic literature. To that end, the article will analyze the art collection located in the Dutch delegation at nato headquarters. It attempts to establish how the individual artworks in this collection collectively form a narrative, and how this narrative reflects Dutch foreign policy in relation to nato. The article will conclude that the collection reflects, and – through the discursive power of the artworks – comments on, Dutch foreign policy in relation to nato by (over-) emphasizing notions of “neutrality” and anti-militarism, as well as Dutch contributions to the nato-led isaf in Afghanistan.
The Leading Modes of Northern Eurasian Winter Snowfall Variability and the Potential Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhang Taotao , Zhu Siguang , Song Yaoming , Wang Xiaoyi , Chen Haishan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the dominant modes of the interannual variability of the northern Eurasian winter snowfall during 1982–2020 and explores their potential influencing factors and the associated physical processes. The first and second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes feature coherent snowfall anomalies over the high latitudes of Eurasia and western Siberia, respectively. Further analyses indicate that the anomalous atmospheric circulations play a major role in forming the snowfall variability, which could be further attributed to the influences of the atmospheric teleconnection patterns and Arctic sea ice variations. Specifically, the anomalous circulations related to the first EOF mode are mainly contributed by the effects of the teleconnections of the Polar–Eurasian and Scandinavian patterns. The formation of the second EOF mode has a close connection with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Eurasian pattern. In addition, the sea ice variations over Baffin Bay exert a considerable influence on the snowfall anomalies related to the second EOF mode by exciting a wave train–like anomalous circulation. This effect is further verified by a numerical simulation. An empirical statistical model based on the above influencing factors can well explain the temporal evolutions of the two dominant modes, verifying the important value of our results to improve the understanding of interannual variability of northern Eurasian winter snowfall.
Integrating LEO and GEO Observations: Toward Optimal Summertime Satellite Precipitation Retrieval
Authors: Afzali Gorooh Vesta , Petković Veljko , Arulraj Malarvizhi , Nguyen Phu , Hsu Kuo-lin , Sorooshian Soroosh , Ferraro Ralph R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Reliable quantitative precipitation estimation with a rich spatiotemporal resolution is vital for understanding the Earth’s hydrological cycle. Precipitation estimation over land and coastal regions is necessary for addressing the high degree of spatial heterogeneity of water availability and demand, and for resolving the extremes that modulate and amplify hazards such as flooding and landslides. Advancements in computation power along with unique high spatiotemporal and spectral resolution data streams from passive meteorological sensors aboard geosynchronous Earth-orbiting (GEO) and low Earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites offer exciting opportunities to retrieve information about surface precipitation phenomena using data-driven machine learning techniques. In this study, the capabilities of U-Net–like architecture are investigated to map instantaneous, summertime surface precipitation intensity at the spatial resolution of 2 km. The calibrated brightness temperature products from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) radiometer are combined with multispectral images (visible, near-infrared, and infrared bands) from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aboard the GOES-R satellites as main inputs to the U-Net–like precipitation algorithm. Total precipitable water and 2-m temperature from the Global Forecast System (GFS) model are also used as auxiliary inputs to the model. The results show that the U-Net–like algorithm can capture fine-scale patterns and intensity of surface precipitation at high spatial resolution over stratiform and convective precipitation regimes. The evaluations reveal the potential of extracting relevant, high spatial features over complex surface types such as mountainous regions and coastlines. The algorithm allows users to interpret the inputs’ importance and can serve as a starting point for further exploration of precipitation systems within the field of hydrometeorology.