bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational and social late effects of childhood cancer and related clinical, personal, and familial characteristics
Authors: Barrera Maru , Shaw Amanda K. , Speechley Kathy N. , Maunsell Elizabeth , Pogany Lisa 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to compare educational and social outcomes for young survivors of childhood cancer with a population control group of individuals who were never diagnosed with cancer and to identify risk and protective factors for these outcomes.METHODSIn this multicenter, Canadian, retrospective cohort study, 800 survivors age 17 years or younger were matched by age and gender with a group of 923 control participants. Using a mailed survey that was completed by parents, educational outcomes were assessed with questions about the child's enrollment in disability or special‐education programs, repeating a grade, and academic or other school problems. Using friendships was the measure of social outcomes.RESULTSBased on parental reports, significantly more survivors than controls repeated a grade (21% vs. 9%), attended learning‐disability (19% vs. 7%) or special‐education programs (20% vs. 8%), had educational or other school problems (46% vs. 23%), had no close friends (19% vs. 8%), and were less likely to use friends as confidants (58% vs. 67%). Survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors reportedly were more likely than controls to have educational problems and no close friends, followed by survivors of leukemia, and survivors of neuroblastoma. Among survivors, cranial radiation increased the likelihood of having educational difficulties and having no close friends compared with survivors who did not receive cranial radiation. Survivors who reportedly had high self‐esteem and whose parents had postsecondary education had fewer educational and social problems.CONCLUSIONSChildren and adolescents who survived cancer, particularly those who had CNS tumors, leukemia, and neuroblastoma, required close monitoring for early educational and social difficulties, and such children should be offered educational rehabilitation and social skills training to maximize their academic and social success. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Marital status, treatment, and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Chang Susan M. , Barker Fred G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSocial factors influence cancer treatment choices, potentially affecting patient survival. In the current study, the authors studied the interrelations between marital status, treatment received, and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GM), using population‐based data.METHODSThe data source was the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Public Use Database, 1988–2001, 2004 release, all registries. Multivariate logistic, ordinal, and Cox regression analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical variables were used.RESULTSOf 10,987 patients with GM, 67% were married, 31% were unmarried, and 2% were of unknown marital status. Tumors were slightly larger at the time of diagnosis in unmarried patients (49% of unmarried patients had tumors larger than 45 mm vs. 45% of married patients; P = 0.004, multivariate analysis). Unmarried patients were less likely to undergo surgical resection (vs. biopsy; 75% of unmarried patients vs. 78% of married patients) and were less likely to receive postoperative radiation therapy (RT) (70% of unmarried patients vs. 79% of married patients). On multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for resection (vs. biopsy) in unmarried patients was 0.88 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.79–0.98; P = 0.02), and the OR for RT in unmarried patients was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.62–0.77; P < 0.001). Unmarried patients more often refused both surgical resection and RT. Unmarried patients who underwent surgical resection and RT were found to have a shorter survival than similarly treated married patients (hazard ratio for unmarried patients, 1.10; P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONSUnmarried patients with GM presented with larger tumors, were less likely to undergo both surgical resection and postoperative RT, and had a shorter survival after diagnosis when compared with married patients, even after adjustment for treatment and other prognostic factors. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with previously treated carcinoma of an unknown primary site
Authors: Hainsworth John D. , Spigel David R. , Raefsky Eric L. , Kuzur Michel E. , Yost Kathleen , Kommor Michael , Litchy Sharlene , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to evaluate the activity of combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with previously treated carcinoma of an unknown primary site.METHODSPatients with carcinoma of an unknown primary site who had received one previous chemotherapy regimen were eligible for this study. All patients received gemcitabine at a dose of 1000mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) and irinotecan at a dose of 100 mg/m2 i.v. on Days 1 and 8; treatment courses were repeated every 21 days. Patients were evaluated for response after completing two courses of treatment; responders/stable patients continued treatment for a recommended six courses.RESULTSForty patients entered this multicenter, community‐based Phase II trial between September 2000 and July 2003. Four of these 40 patients (10%) achieved objective responses (a partial response in 3 patients and a complete response in 1 patient). An additional 17 patients (43%) had stable disease/minor response at first reevaluation; 7 of these patients (18%) remained stable for longer than 6 months. The median survival for the entire group was 4.5 months, with 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates of 25% and 13%, respectively. The treatment was well tolerated by most patients. Neutropenia was the most common Grade 3/4 toxicity (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 3.0) (occurring in 36% of patients). Myelosuppression‐related complications were uncommon, as were severe nonhematologic toxicities.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of gemcitabine and irinotecan has modest activity and is well tolerated in patients with recurrent/refractory carcinoma of an unknown primary site. Treatment‐related toxicity, particularly myelosuppression, appears to be less severe than toxicity produced by the taxane and platinum regimens frequently used in the first‐line therapy of these patients. Evaluation of the gemcitabine and irinotecan combination as first‐line therapy is indicated. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Immunocytochemical localization of small‐conductance, calcium‐dependent potassium channels in astrocytes of the rat supraoptic nucleus
Authors: Armstrong William E. , Rubrum Adam , Teruyama Ryoichi , Bond Chris T. , Adelman John P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSupraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons possess a prominent afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that contributes to spike patterning. This AHP is probably underlain by a small‐conductance, CA2+‐dependent, K+ type 3 (SK3) channel. To determine the distribution of SK3 channels within the SON, we used immunocytochemistry in rats and in transgenic mice with a regulatory cassette on the SK3 gene, allowing regulated expression with dietary doxycycline (DOX). In rats and wild‐type mice, SK3 immunostaining revealed an intense lacy network surrounding SON neurons, with weak staining in neuronal somata and dendrites. In untreated, conditional SK3 knockout mice, SK3 was overexpressed, but the pericellular pattern in the SON was similar to that of rats. DOX‐treated transgenic mice exhibited no SK3 staining in the SON. Double staining for oxytocin or vasopressin neurons revealed weak co‐localization with SK3 but strong staining surrounding each neuron type. Electron microscopy showed that SK3‐like immunoreactivity was intense between neuronal somata and dendrites, in apparent glial processes, but weak in neurons. This was confirmed by using confocal microscopy and double staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and SK3: many GFAP‐positive processes in the SON, and in the ventral dendritic/glial lamina, were shown to contain SK3‐like immunoreactivity. These studies suggest a prominent role of SK3 channels in astrocytes. Given the marked plasticity in glial/neuronal relationships, as well as studies suggesting that astrocytes in the central nervous system can generate prominent CA2+ transients to various stimuli, a CA2+‐dependent K+ channel may help SON astrocytes with K+ buffering whenever astrocyte intracellular CA2+ is increased. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:175–185, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fiber connections of the central nucleus of semicircular torus in cyprinids
Authors: Yamamoto Naoyuki , Ito Hironobu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFiber connections of the presumed auditory portion of the semicircular torus or the central nucleus (TSc) as well as other central and peripheral auditory structures were studied by tract‐tracing methods in carp and goldfish. Major ascending projections to the TSc originated from the descending octaval nucleus (DO) and medullary secondary octaval population (SO). Toropetal neurons of the DO were within the saccular terminal zone. A small number of toropetal DO neurons might receive inputs from other inner ear and lateral line endorgans as well. Fibers from the DO terminated in a deep zone of the TSc, while those from the SO in both deep and superficial zones. Afferents to the TSc also arose from the rhombencephalic reticular formation, anterior octaval nucleus, isthmic reticular nucleus, perilemniscular nucleus, medial pretoral nucleus, anterior tuberal nucleus, and central posterior thalamic nucleus. The TSc projected ascending fibers to the medial pretoral nucleus, anterior tuberal nucleus, central posterior thalamic nucleus, and the preglomerular complex (anterior preglomerular nucleus, the caudomedial region of lateral preglomerular nucleus, and a medial zone of medial preglomerular nucleus). These parts of preglomerular complex appear structurally continuous sharing common hodological and cytoarchitectonic features, and thus might be regarded as a single neuronal population. Abundant descending pathways were also noted in the present study. Of particular note is the medial pretoral nucleus, which received fibers from diencephalic auditory nuclei. The nucleus gave rise to indirect descending pathways to a medial zone of the cerebellar crest where dendrites of crest cells in the SO ramify. J. Comp. Neurol. 491:186–211, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary Periodicity in the Tetrahalogeno Complexes of the Group 13 Elements
Authors: Frąckiewicz Kinga , Czerwiński Marian , Siekierski Sławomir 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe M–X distances, the charges on the M and X atoms and the natural electron configurations in the hypothetical MX4– molecules, where M is a group 13 element and X = F, Cl, Br, I, have been investigated by quantum calculations. The computed distances are compared with the experimental data, mostly in the Bu4N[MX4] salts. We found that: (1) down group 13 both the experimental and calculated M–X distances, the charge on the M atom and the sum of the populations of the M valence orbitals show zigzag variations produced by the filled 3d and 4f shells and by the relativistic effects in the 6s and 6p1/2 orbitals; (2) the experimental distances are shorter than the calculated values due, at least in part, to libration of the MX4– anions in the salts; (3) both the charge on M and the sum of the populations of M valence orbitals point to a highly covalent character of the B–X bonds (except for the B–F bond) and much less covalent character of the M–X bonds formed by the heavier members of the group. In the Al–Tl range the covalent character of the M–X bonds oscillates, and it strongly decreases on passing from the MCl4– to MF4– complexes; (4) the M–X distances (X = Cl, Br, I) are close to the sum of the respective covalent radii, whereas the M–F distances are significantly shorter because of considerable admixture of ionic bonding. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Dinuclear Phosphidoplatinum(II) Fragment as a Building Block for Tri‐, Tetra‐, Hexa‐, and Octanuclear Complexes
Authors: Ara Irene , Chaouche Naima , Forniés Juan , Fortuño Consuelo , Kribii Abdelaziz , Martín Antonio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe dinuclear complex [(C6F5)2Pt(μ‐PPh2)2Pt(NCCH3)2] (1) is described and fully characterised. Complex 1 reacts with 2,2′‐bipyrimidine and cis‐[M(C6F5)2(THF)2] to form the di‐, tri‐ and tetranuclear complexes 2, 3 and 4, respectively, depending on the ratio of reagents and the type of metal (M = Pt, Pd). Complex 1 reacts with KCN to form the anionic dinuclear complex [PPh3(CH3)]2[(C6F5)2Pt(μ‐PPh2)2Pt(CN)2] (6). Complex 6 acts as a metalloligand towards cis‐[M(C6F5)2(THF)2] or 1 to yield the corresponding hexanuclear or octanuclear complexes 7, 8 and 9. The structure of [PPh3(CH3)]4[{(C6F5)2Pt(μ‐PPh2)2Pt(μ‐CN)2Pd(C6F5)2}2] (8) has been established by X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
An Unprecedented One‐Dimensional Chain Constructed from β‐Octamolybdate Clusters and Two Kinds of Silver Complex Fragments
Authors: Shi Zhenyu , Gu Xiaojun , Peng Jun , Xin Zhifeng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn unprecedented one‐dimensional chainlike compound with green fluorescent emission, (H3O)[Ag3(2,2′‐bpy)2(phnz)2(β‐Mo8O26)] (bpy = bipyridine, phnz = phenazine) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The compound is constructed from β‐octamolybdate clusters linked through two kinds of silver‐ligand subunits, [Ag(2,2′‐bpy)(phnz)]+ and [Ag(phnz)]+. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Vertex‐Sharing Water Tape Consisting of Cyclic Hexamers
Authors: Ma Bao‐Qing , Sun Hao‐Ling , Gao Song 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA 1D water tape consisting of vertex‐sharing cyclic water hexamers has been observed, which represents a subunit of ice structure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
New, Simple and Selective Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylquinones by Perfluoroalkyl Radicals – Enthalpic and Polar Effects
Authors: Antonietti Fabrizio , Gambarotti Cristian , Mele Andrea , Minisci Francesco , Paganelli Roberto , Punta Carlo , Recupero Francesco 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl radicals (Rf·), generated by iodine abstraction from perfluoroalkyl iodides by phenyl radicals, react selectively with quinone rings in spite of their electrophilic character. In the presence of electron‐rich alkenes, Rf· adds faster to the electron‐rich double bonds forming a radical adduct with reversed polar effect, which selectively adds to quinone. The mechanism of the reactions involved are discussed, emphasizing the key role of enthalpic and polar effects and the particular reactivity of 2‐methoxynaphthoquinone due to polar and captodative effects. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Soil production in heath and forest, Blue Mountains, Australia: influence of lithology and palaeoclimate
Authors: Wilkinson Marshall T. , Chappell John , Humphreys Geoff S. , Fifield Keith , Smith Bart , Hesse Paul 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Earth Surfaces Processes and Landforms 25(13) 2005, 1683–1686.
Recent determinations of soil production from in situ cosmogenic nuclides indicate that production decreases exponentially with soil depth. This contrasts with a long‐held assumption that maximum soil production occurs under a soil cover of finite depth. Sites in the Blue Mountains, Australia, show a sharp decrease of soil depth where vegetation changes from forested plateau surfaces to heath‐covered spurs, and bands of bare rock in the heath suggest that soil production depends on presence of a finite depth of soil. The substrate varies from hard ferruginized sandstone to soft saprolite. In situ 10Be determinations indicate that apparent rates of erosion and soil production are greater under the relatively thin heath soil than under the thicker forest soil but, in contrast to other studies, these sites do not show significant depth‐dependence of apparent soil production. The pattern reflects both hardness variation in the rock substrate and the effect of Late Quaternary climatic change. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating indicates that soil ≤30 cm depth is of Holocene age whereas the deeper soil is substantially older. The age‐break coincides with a stone line interpreted as a former surface lag deposit. Assuming that pre‐Holocene soil depths were 30 cm less than today, recalculated soil production tends to decrease with increasing depth. Soil production at this site requires soil cover but bare rock patches and vegetation comprise a shifting mosaic. In the long term, average rates of erosion and soil production decrease with increasing soil depth. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of the inception of channel meandering
Authors: Duan Jennifer G. , Julien Pierre Y. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe inception of channel meandering is the result of the complex interaction between flow, bed sediment, and bank material. A depth‐averaged two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model is developed to simulate the inception and development of channel meandering processes. The sediment transport model calculates both bedload and suspended load assuming equilibrium sediment transport. Bank erosion consists of two interactive processes: basal erosion and bank failure. Basal erosion is calculated from a newly derived equation for the entrainment of sediment particles by hydrodynamic forces. The mass conservation equation, where basal erosion and bank failure are considered source terms, was solved to obtain the rate of bank erosion. The parallel bank failure model was tested with the laboratory experiments of Friedkin on the initiation and evolution processes of non‐cohesive meandering channels. The model replicates the downstream translation and lateral extension of meandering loops reasonably well. Plots of meandering planforms illustrate the evolution of sand bars and redistribution of flow momentum in meandering channels. This numerical modelling study demonstrates the potential of depth‐integrated two‐dimensional models for the simulation of meandering processes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caesium‐137‐derived erosion rates in an agricultural setting: the effects of model assumptions and management practices
Authors: Fornes William L. , Whiting Peter J. , Wilson Christopher G. , Matisoff Gerald 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSoil erosion rates at the National Soil Tilth Laboratory Deep Loess Research Station in southwest Iowa (USA) were determined from 137Cs inventories using a multi‐box numerical model that incorporates time‐dependent atmospheric 137Cs deposition. Nine sites along a downslope transect where 137Cs inventories were measured in 1974 by Spomer et al. (Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1985, vol. 28, pp. 767–772) were revisited in 1998, allowing estimation of erosion over three time periods: 1954–1974, 1954–1998 and 1974–1998. Modelled 1954–1974 erosion rates (mean = 1·01 ± 0·41 g cm−2 a−1) were significantly higher (p < 0·001, t‐test) than those reported by Spomer et al. (0·36 ± 0·10 g cm−2 a−1). A key reason for the significant difference is that our model used a monthly time step whereas Spomer et al. used a single 20‐year time step. As the model time step was increased from 1 month to 20 years, the erosion rate decreased by a factor of three to rates in general agreement with those reported by Spomer et al. This suggests that failing to account for temporal variations in atmospheric deposition and/or cultivation practices will result in substantially miscalculated erosion rates. Erosion rates over 1974–1998 were calculated by comparing our 1998 measured 137Cs inventory to the decay‐corrected 1974 inventories reported by Spomer et al. This comparison yielded erosion rates of −0·10 to 0·48 g cm−2 a−1 (mean = 0·19 ± 0·17 g cm−2 a−1), indicating that soil loss was reduced by 81 ± 52 per cent over 1974–1998 compared to the period 1954–1974. This estimate is in reasonable agreement with measurements of soil flux at the weir which indicate that soil loss has been reduced by 43 per cent since grass buffer strips were added to the field in 1991. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constraints on the rate of post‐orogenic erosional decay from low‐temperature thermochronological data: application to the Dabie Shan, China
Authors: Braun Jean , Robert Xavier 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have investigated whether low temperature thermochronological datasets can be used to constrain the rate of surface evolution during the post‐orogenic phase of a mountain belt. We use a numerical method to solve the heat transport equation in the Earth's crust, including the effects of a changing, finite‐amplitude topography and the resulting flexural isostatic rebound. We demonstrate that accurate estimates of the amount of relief loss can be obtained by applying a recently developed spectral method that is based on estimates of the relationship between age and surface elevation as a function of topographic wavelength. We also show that the rate at which topography decays with time following cessation of tectonic activity can be constrained from estimates of exhumation rate derived from the slope of age–elevation profiles collected across short wavelength topography. Using the Neighbourhood Algorithm to perform a thorough search through parameter space, we are able to find a tectonomorphic scenario that predicts age distributions compatible with a thermochronological dataset collected in the Dabie Shan of eastern China by Reiners et al. (American Journal of Science 2003, vol. 303, pp. 489–518). We demonstrate that, in the Dabie Shan, the mean topographic relief has decreased by a factor of 2·5 to 4·5 during the last 60–80 Ma, while the mountain belt experienced a mean exhumation rate of 0·01 to 0·04 km Ma−1. We confirm the conclusions of Reiners et al. that there is no need to invoke a discrete Cenozoic tectonic event to explain the observed age distribution. The thermochronological dataset can also be used to put constraints on the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere underlying the orogen (10 to 30 km). There is, however, a trade‐off between elastic thickness, mean exhumation rate and amount of topographic relief loss. The most likely scenario also predicts that the topography has decreased at a constant rate since the end of orogenic activity about 100 Ma ago. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.