bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of CMOS integrated optical receiver for short‐range data communication
Authors: Kuwabara Kei , Matsumoto Yoshinori 
Published: November 2004

AbstractReduction of the size and cost of optical receivers is important to the proliferation of optical communications technology for short‐distance communications. In the present research, an integrated optical receiver is fabricated with a standard 0.35‐µm CMOS process targeting the POF optical transmission system. A photodiode, a trans‐impedance amplifier, a limiting amplifier, and a buffer are integrated in this optical receiver. The photodiode is formed with an N‐well and a P‐diffused layer of stripe configuration and has an optical receiving surface area of 150 × 150 µm and a response sensitivity of about 0.04 A/W (at a wavelength of 650 nm). In the CMOS process, the large junction capacitance of the photodiode is problematic. Therefore, the input impedance of the circuit is lowered by means of an RGC‐type trans‐impedance amplifier and LC resonance is suppressed by optimization of the package and circuit. The chip is mounted in a small ceramic package for measurement. Excellent eye patterns are obtained. The minimum receiving sensitivity for a bit error rate of less than 10−9 is −10 dBm at 600 Mbit/s and −4.5 dBm at 1 Gbit/s. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(12): 10–18, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20099
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Secondary Amines: The Case of the N,N,N′‐Tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐o‐phenylenediamine Ligand when Coordinated to Iron Dichloride
Authors: Machkour Ahmed , Mandon Dominique , Lachkar Mohammed , Welter Richard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report the preparation and the X‐ray crystal structure of the iron complex [Fe(L1)Cl][Cl] [L1 = N,N,N′‐tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐o‐phenylenediamine], and its reactivity towards molecular dioxygen. Upon exposure to dry O2, coordinated L1 is oxidatively dehydrogenated to the aldimine ligand L2. The ferric cation [Fe(L2)(CH3CN)]3+ is thus obtained, and characterized by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The free L2 ligand can be recovered after decomplexation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Construction of Nano‐Channels Based on Zinc(II) Pyrazine‐2‐carboxylate Complexes
Authors: Sunahara Tetsuya , Onaka Satoru , Ito Mitsuhiro , Imai Hiroyuki , Inoue Katsuya , Ozeki Tomoji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe reaction of pyrazine‐2‐carboxylate (pca) and bis(pyridine) derivatives, such as 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpen), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpea), 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane (bpp), and 4,4′‐azopyridine (azp), with zinc perchlorate gives supramolecules with grid and/or channel structures. The new complexes reported here are trans‐[Zn(bipy)(pca)(H2O)]ClO4·(EtOH)0.5·(H2O)0.5 (1), [Zn(μ‐bpen)(bpen)(pca)(H2O)]·ClO4·2H2O (2), [Zn(bpea)(pca)]ClO4·(EtOH)0.5 (3), and [Zn(bpp)(pca)(MeOH)]ClO4 (4). Their structures have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Some of these complexes contain voids with nanometer dimensions. Small molecules such as H2O, MeOH, and EtOH contained in these voids can be removed without destruction of the parental suprastructure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Switching of Molecular Spin States in Inorganic Complexes by Temperature, Pressure, Magnetic Field and Light: Towards Molecular Devices
Authors: Bousseksou Azzedine , Molnár Gábor , Matouzenko Galina 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe spin crossover phenomenon in molecular inorganic compounds is one of the most spectacular examples of bistability phenomena leading to a switching between the high‐spin and the low‐spin states of the molecule by several means such as temperature, pressure, light and magnetic field (multi‐property molecular switching). In the present microreview we report our most important findings, both experimental results and theoretical approaches, and discuss possible technological applications for each switching method as well as the recent synthesis of new spin crossover molecular materials. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Induction of micronucleated cells in the shed skin of salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) treated with colchicine or cyclophosphamide
Authors: Zamora‐Perez Ana , Zúñiga‐González Guillermo M. , Gómez‐Meda Belinda C. , Ramos‐Ibarra M. Luisa , Batista‐González Cecilia M. , Torres‐Bugarín Olivia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe micronucleus (MN) assay can be used to detect the genotoxic effects of chemical agents in virtually any cell that divides frequently. Salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) are amphibians that can be easily maintained and bred in the laboratory and spontaneously shed their skin every 2.5–4 days. In this present study, we have evaluated the usefulness of this shed skin for the MN assay. We exposed salamanders to different concentrations of both the aneugen colchicine (COL) and the clastogen cyclophosphamide (CP) and we determined the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNCs) in their sheds. Fragments of shed skin were placed on clean slides, fixed, stained, observed with a light microscope, and the number of MNCs was counted. The MNC frequency was increased significantly by all doses of COL and CP tested, administered either as single or repeated exposures. The presence of MNCs in the shed skin and the speed of sloughing lead us to propose that the sheds of Ambystoma sp., or other amphibians that slough their skin, are suitable alternative models for detecting genotoxic exposures relevant to aquatic environments. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting binary time series of SO2 using generalized additive models with unknown link function
Authors: Roca‐Pardiñas J. , González‐Manteiga W. , Febrero‐Bande M. , Prada‐Sánchez J. M. , Cadarso‐Suárez C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe goal of article paper is to use the generalized additive model with unknown link function to predict the binary time series of SO2 concentration. The authors propose a modified version of the local scoring algorithm that allows for the non‐parametric estimation of the link function, by using local linear kernel smoothers. Results derived from the simulation study and the application to real data reveal that the predictor obtained with the proposed model presents a better performance in comparison with those obtained by using alternative transformed binary regression models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haplotype analysis and age estimation of the 113insR CDKN2A founder mutation in Swedish melanoma families
Authors: Hashemi Jamileh , Bendahl Pär‐Ola , Sandberg Therese , Platz Anton , Linder Stig , Stierner Ulrika , Olsson Håkan , Ingvar Christian , Hansson Johan , Borg Åke 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGermline mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene located on 9p21 have been linked to development of melanomas in some families. A germline 3‐bp insertion in exon 2 of CDKN2A, leading to an extra arginine at codon 113 (113insR), has been identified in 17 Swedish melanoma families. Analysis of 10 microsatellite markers, spanning approximately 1 Mbp in the 9p21 region, showed that all families share a common allele for at least one of the markers closest to the CDKN2A gene, suggesting that the 113insR mutation is an ancestral founder mutation. Differences in the segregating haplotypes, due to meiotic recombinations and/or mutations in the short‐tandem‐repeat markers, were analyzed further to estimate the age of the mutation. Statistical analysis using a maximum likelihood approach indicated that the mutation arose 98 generations (90% confidence interval: 52–167 generations), or approximately 2,000 years, ago. Thus, 113insR would be expected to have a more widespread geographic distribution in European and North American regions with ancestral connections to Sweden. Alternatively, CDKN2A may lie in a recombination hot spot region, as suggested by the many meiotic recombinations in this narrow ∼1‐cM region on 9p21. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three chromosomal rearrangements in neuroblastoma cluster within a 300‐kb region on 1p36.1
Authors: Spieker Nicole , Beitsma Mabel , Van Sluis Peter , Chan Alvin , Caron Huib , Versteeg Rogier 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDeletions in the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p36) and MYCN amplification are common in neuroblastoma. Previously we showed evidence of at least two different neuroblastoma tumor‐suppressor loci on 1p. One is associated with MYCN single‐copy tumors and maps distal on 1p36.3. A second, more proximal locus maps to 1p36.1 and is deleted in about 90% of neuroblastomas with MYCN amplification. The cell line UHG‐NP has the smallest 1p36 deletion of all neuroblastoma cell lines with MYCN amplifications. We assume that the more proximal locus maps within this deletion, close to its proximal border. Here we present the exact localization of the 1p deletion breakpoint of UHG‐NP. A 600‐kb PAC contig spanning the breakpoint was analyzed for genes and aberrations. Two more neuroblastoma‐associated aberrations were mapped within 150 kb of the UHG‐NP breakpoint. Within the contig, we identified nine genes expressed in neuroblastoma cells. One of these genes, AML2, maps 200 kb distal to the UHG‐NP breakpoint but is expressed only rarely in neuroblastoma and showed no mutations. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CDK4 is a probable target gene in a novel amplicon at 12q13.3–q14.1 in lung cancer
Authors: Wikman Harriet , Nymark Penny , Väyrynen Aki , Jarmalaite Sonata , Kallioniemi Anne , Salmenkivi Kaisa , Vainio‐Siukola Katri , Husgafvel‐Pursiainen Kirsti , Knuutila Sakari , Wolf Maija , Anttila Sisko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral chromosomal regions are recurrently amplified or deleted in lung tumors, but little is known about the underlying genes, which could be important mediators in tumor formation or progression. In lung cancer, the RB1–CCND1–CDKN2A pathway, involved in the G1–S transition, is damaged in nearly all tumors. In the present study, we localized a novel amplicon in lung tumors to a fragment of less than 0.5 Mb at 12q13.3–q14.1 by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on cDNA microarrays. This approach enabled us to identify 10–15 genes with the most consistent amplifications. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR analyses of 13 genes in this region showed that four of them (CDK4, CYP27B1, METTL1, and TSFM) were also highly up‐regulated. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 141 tumor samples on a tissue microarray showed that CDK4 was expressed at a high level in 23% of lung tumors. Six (21.4%) of the tumors with high CDK4 expression (n = 28) were shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to contain the 12q13.3–q14.1 amplification. For CDK4, a positive correlation was found between gene copy number (FISH and CGH array), mRNA expression (RT‐PCR), and level of protein expression (IHC). CDK4 expression did not correlate with CDKN2A methylation status. Amplification of CDK4 has been described in other tumor types, but its role in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. Although CDK4 amplification seems to be a relatively rare event (4.3%) in lung tumors, it indicates the significance of the RB1–CCND1 pathway in lung tumorigenesis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Archaeological site distribution by geomorphic setting in the southern lower Cuyahoga River Valley, northeastern Ohio: Initial observations from a GIS database
Authors: Bauer Andrew , Nicoll Kathleen , Park Lisa , Matney Timothy 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this study, we compiled unpublished archival documentation of archaeological site locations from the southern part of the Cuyahoga River Valley in northeastern Ohio, USA, registered at the State of Ohio Historic Preservation Office into a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. Using digitized soil shapefiles to generate a geomorphic data layer, we assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of 79 known archaeological sites by landform association. This digital compilation indicates that Woodland period, Late Prehistoric, and Historic sites occur in most geomorphic settings along the river valley. In contrast, Paleoindian and Archaic sites only occur on Wisconsinan cut terraces and in upland interfluve settings, indicating that most of these documented sites are in primary contexts and have not been reworked. We discuss the distribution of archaeological sites in the study region as a function of various factors, including cultural activities, taphonomic processes, landform development, and the nature and extent of the original archaeological surveys. Observed spatial patterns of known sites clearly reflect local geomorphological controls; artifactual contexts from the earlier prehistoric periods are underrepresented in the database. We conclude that additional site surveys, as well as the excavation and documentation of new sites in this part of Ohio, are required to understand local prehistoric economies and to ascertain patterns of culturally mediated land use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allelic association patterns for a dense SNP map
Authors: Weir B.S. , Hill W.G. , Cardon L.R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA dense set of 5,000 SNPs on a 10‐Mb region of human chromosome 20 has been typed on samples of African Americans, East Asians, and United Kingdom Caucasians. There are departures from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium beyond the level at which markers are often discarded because of possible genotyping errors. The observation that markers showing such departures are often close together on the chromosome confirms the result that Hardy‐Weinberg tests at two loci are correlated to an extent that depends on the linkage disequilibrium between those two markers. Linkage disequilibrium can be described by the composite linkage disequilibrium coefficient, the parameter that determines the behavior of case‐control allelic tests of association. A useful preliminary investigation of datasets of this type is provided by counting the numbers of distinct multi‐locus genotypes in windows of a few markers. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution MRI reflects myeloarchitecture and cytoarchitecture of human cerebral cortex
Authors: Eickhoff Simon , Walters Nathan B. , Schleicher Axel , Kril Jillian , Egan Gary F. , Zilles Karl , Watson John D.G. , Amunts Katrin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMaps of cytoarchitectonically defined cortical areas have proven to be a valuable tool for anatomic localization of activated brain regions revealed by functional imaging studies. However, architectonic data require observations in a sample of postmortem brains. They can only be used reliably for comparison with functional data as probabilistic maps after spatial normalization to a common reference space. The complete architectonic analysis of an individual living brain has not been achievable to date, because the relationship remains unclear between laminar gray value changes of cerebral cortex in magnetic resonance (MR) images and those of cyto‐ and myeloarchitectonic histologic sections. We examined intensity profiles through the cortex in five imaging modalities: in vivo T1 and postmortem T2 MRI, one cell body stain, and two myelin stains. After visualizing the dissimilarities in the shapes of these profiles using a canonical analysis, differences between the profiles from the different image modalities were compared quantitatively. Subsequently, the profiles extracted from the in vivo T1‐weighted images were estimated from profiles extracted from cyto‐ and myeloarchitectonic sections using linear combinations. We could verify statistically the mixed nature of the cortical T1 signal obtained in vivo: The MR intensity profiles were significantly more similar to myeloarchitectonic than to cytoarchitectonic profiles, but a weighted sum of both fitted the T1 profiles best. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:206–215, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct neural systems underlie learning visuomotor and spatial representations of motor skills
Authors: Parsons Michael W. , Harrington Deborah L. , Rao Stephen M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMotor skill learning depends upon acquiring knowledge about multiple features of sequential behaviors, including their visuomotor and spatial properties. To investigate the neural systems that distinguish these representations, we carried out functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as healthy adults learned to type sequences on a novel keyboard. On the initial training day, learning‐related changes in brain activation were found in distributed cortical regions, only a subset of which correlated with improvements in movement time (MT), suggesting their preeminence in controlling movements online. Subjects received extended training on the sequences during the ensuing week, after which they returned to the scanner for another imaging session. Relative to performance at the end of the first training day, continued plasticity was most striking in the inferior parietal cortex and new areas of plasticity were uncovered in the caudate and cerebellum. Plasticity in these regions correlated with reaction time (RT), suggesting their role in planning sequences before movement onset. Two transfer conditions probed for “what” subjects learned. The probe for visuomotor learning produced increased activation in visual analysis (left inferior visual cortex) and advance planning (left caudate) systems. The probe for spatial learning produced increased activation in visuomotor‐transformation (left dorsal visual pathway) and retrieval (left precuneus) systems. Increased activity in all of these regions correlated with increased RT, but not MT, indicating that both transfer conditions interfered with the neural representation of plans for the sequences, but not processes that controlled their implementation. These findings demonstrated that neuroanatomically dissociable systems support the acquisition of visuomotor and spatial representations of actions. Hum Brain Mapping 24:229–247, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on Marangoni condensation heat transfer for water and ethanol mixture vapor
Authors: Yang‐peng He , Jun‐jie Yan , Yu‐sen Yan , Ji‐ping Liu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA brass block was constructed as a test block to study the Marangoni condensation in this paper. The maximal temperature difference of the block surface on which pure steam condensed was 11°C when the block was cooled by the normal temperature water. Regulations and modes of Marangoni condensation for mixture vapor with different mass fractions were studied when the speed of vapor was 0.3 m/s. As both temperature gradients and concentration gradients exist on the condensing surface, the experimental results indicate that the maximal heat transfer coefficient of mixture vapor can be 2.8 times that of pure steam when the Marangoni condensation of mixture vapor appears. The heat transfer coefficient of mixture vapor increases with the decrease of surface subcooling, and it appears a steep increase when the surface subcooling is small enough; the heat transfer flux has a maximum value as the surface subcooling rises; and the different modes of condensation are confirmed when the different ethanol concentration and different surface subcooling exist. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(8): 505–514, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20035
Centrosome abnormalities in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hsu Lih‐Ching , Kapali Malathy , DeLoia Julie A. , Gallion Holly H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCentrosome abnormalities have been found in various cancer types and are thought to be involved in early development of cancer and/or progression. The contribution of centrosome abnormalities to ovarian tumorigenesis has not been previously evaluated. We sought to determine whether centrosome dysfunction occurs in ovarian tumorigenesis, and whether it could be used as an indicator of early neoplastic changes in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Primary cultures of normal OSE and ovarian tumors, as well as paraffin‐embedded normal ovaries and ovarian tumors of different stages, were used for immunostaining with a γ‐tubulin antibody. Centrosomes were considered abnormal if there were more than 2 per cell, if their sizes were greater than 2‐fold of a normal centrosome, and/or if they were abnormal in shape. Centrosomes in normal tissue were uniform in size, whereas centrosomes in ovarian tumors tended to be abnormal in size, number and shape. On average, 4.7% of cells in 5 primary normal OSE cultures had more than 2 centrosomes, whereas 14.1% of primary cells from 5 ovarian tumors displayed centrosome abnormalities (p = 0.008). Centrosome abnormalities were present in 60.9% of stage I (n = 23), 83.3% of stage II (n = 30) and all stage III (n = 10) paraffin‐embedded ovarian tumor samples examined, but not in normal tissues. In addition, centrosome abnormalities occurred more frequently in ovarian tumors with higher grade and aggressive serous subtype. This is the first demonstration that centrosome abnormalities occur in ovarian tumors. Centrosome dysfunction may be an early event in ovarian carcinogenesis and involved in ovarian tumor progression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time quantitative PCR determination of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression of isolated micrometastatic cells from bone marrow of breast cancer patients
Authors: Pierga Jean‐Yves , Bonneton Charlyne , Magdelénat Henri , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Nos Claude , Boudou Evelyne , Pouillart Pierre , Thiery Jean‐Paul , de Cremoux Patricia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDisseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow are independently related to poor outcome in patients with breast cancer. Phenotypic characterization of DTC may be useful to improve evaluation of the metastasizing potential of DTC and also to more accurately target aggressive tumor cells. DTC were screened in bone marrow aspirates from breast cancer patients by immunocytochemistry with an anticytokeratin (anti‐CK) antibody (A45B/B3). Because the cell permeabilization and fixation required for intracellular CK staining is deleterious for mRNA, we used microaspiration to isolate single tumor cells stained with a monoclonal antibody directed against a membrane epitope, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), in CK‐positive cases. Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was quantified by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. The SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line was used to calibrate RT‐PCR. A linear relationship was observed between the cycle threshold (Ct) of uPAR and 18S gene expression and SKBR3 cells spiked (1, 3, 7, 10 and 20) in control patient bone marrow. EpCAM‐positive cells were aspirated in 21 out of 25 bone marrow specimens from breast cancer patients with CK‐positive cells and uPAR mRNA expression was determined in 16 cases. A high level of uPAR mRNA in DTC was detected in 8 out of 16 patients (50%) and was associated with a more aggressive primary tumor phenotype (estrogen receptor [ER]‐negative, progesterone receptor [PR]‐negative or HER2‐positive) (p = 0.01). We demonstrated that real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR was reliably adapted to phenotype analysis of isolated micrometastatic cells. A larger study would be useful to confirm the importance of uPAR to define higher risk subgroups of breast cancer patients with micrometastatic disease. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.