bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of IL‐34 and anti‐IL‐34 neutralizing mAb on alveolar bone loss in a ligature‐induced model of periodontitis
Authors: Duarte Carolina , Yamada Chiaki , Ngala Bidii , Garcia Christopher , Akkaoui Juliet , Birsa Maxim , Ho Anny , Nusbaum Amilia , AlQallaf Hawra , John Vanchit , Movila Alexandru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMacrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) are ligands for the colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1r) expressed on the surface of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. The importance of coordinated signaling between M‐CSF/receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL) in physiological and pathological bone remodeling and alveolar bone loss in response to oral bacterial colonization is well established. However, our knowledge about the IL‐34/RANKL signaling in periodontal bone loss remains limited. Recently published cohort studies have demonstrated that the expression patterns of IL‐34 are dramatically elevated in gingival crevicular fluid collected from patients with periodontitis. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of IL‐34 on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in experimental ligature‐mediated model of periodontitis using male mice. Our initial in vitro study demonstrated increased RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis of IL‐34‐primed osteoclast precursors (OCPs) compared to M‐CSF‐primed OCPs. Using an experimental model of ligature‐mediated periodontitis, we further demonstrated elevated expression of IL‐34 in periodontal lesions. In contrast, M‐CSF levels were dramatically reduced in these periodontal lesions. Furthermore, local injections of mouse recombinant IL‐34 protein significantly elevated cathepsin K activity, increased the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts and promoted alveolar bone loss in periodontitis lesions. In contrast, anti‐IL‐34 neutralizing monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the level of alveolar bone loss and the number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts in periodontitis lesions. No beneficial effects of locally injected anti‐M‐CSF neutralizing antibody were observed in periodontal lesions. This study illustrates the role of IL‐34 in promoting alveolar bone loss in periodontal lesions and proposes the potential of anti‐IL34 monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐based therapeutic regimens to suppress alveolar bone loss in periodontitis lesions.
Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography in the venous rather than the arterial phase is essential for the evaluation of the right phrenic nerve
Authors: Tsuji Toshihiko , Aoyama Daisetsu , Ishida Tomokazu , Nomura Ryohei , Kakehashi Shota , Mukai Moe , Hasegawa Kanae , Uzui Hiroyasu , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreprocedural detection of the running course of the right pericardiophrenic bundles (PBs) is considered to be useful in preventing phrenic nerve (PN) injury during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, previous studies using the arterial phase of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) reported a relatively low right PBs detection rate.MethodsThis study included 63 patients with AF who underwent catheter ablation and preoperative contrast‐enhanced CT imaging of the venous and arterial phases (66.7 ± 10.2 years; 44 male). The venous phase of contrast‐enhanced CT significantly improved the detection rate of PBs compared to the arterial phase (96.8% vs. 60.3%, p < .001), and PBs were detected in the venous phase only in 23 (36.7%) patients. No significant differences were observed between the right PBs detection rate using non‐contrast CT versus the arterial phase of contrast‐enhanced CT (p = .37). Patients without visualization of the right PBs during the arterial phase had a higher frequency of chronic heart failure (p = .0083), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p = .021), and a higher CHADS2 score (p = .048) than those with visualization. In five patients whose right PBs could only be detected during the venous phase of contrast‐enhanced CT, the reconstructed running course of the right PBs corresponded with the PN generated by electrical high‐output pacing.ConclusionContrast‐enhanced CT images of the venous phase, rather than the arterial phase, are useful in detecting the right PBs, especially in patients with heart failure or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.
Gene pyramiding for boosted plant growth and broad abiotic stress tolerance
Authors: Zhao Guiqin , Liu Yu , Li Lei , Che Rui , Douglass Megan , Benza Katherine , Angove Mitchell , Luo Kristopher , Hu Qian , Chen Xiaotong , Henry Charles , Li Zhigang , Ning Guogui , Luo Hong 
Published: October 2023

SummaryAbiotic stresses such as salinity, heat and drought seriously impair plant growth and development, causing a significant loss in crop yield and ornamental value. Biotechnology approaches manipulating specific genes prove to be effective strategies in crop trait modification. The Arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase gene AVP1, the rice SUMO E3 ligase gene OsSIZ1 and the cyanobacterium flavodoxin gene Fld have previously been implicated in regulating plant stress responses and conferring enhanced tolerance to different abiotic stresses when individually overexpressed in various plant species. We have explored the feasibility of combining multiple favourable traits brought by individual genes to acquire superior plant performance. To this end, we have simultaneously introduced AVP1, OsSIZ1 and Fld in creeping bentgrass. Transgenic (TG) plants overexpressing these three genes performed significantly better than wild type controls and the TGs expressing individual genes under both normal and various abiotic stress conditions, exhibited significantly enhanced plant growth and tolerance to drought, salinity and heat stresses as well as nitrogen and phosphate starvation, which were associated with altered physiological and biochemical characteristics and delicately fine‐tuned expression of genes involved in plant stress responses. Our results suggest that AVP1, OsSIZ1 and Fld function synergistically to regulate plant development and plant stress response, leading to superior overall performance under both normal and adverse environments. The information obtained provides new insights into gene stacking as an effective approach for plant genetic engineering. A similar strategy can be extended for the use of other beneficial genes in various crop species for trait modifications, enhancing agricultural production.
QTL mapping of nitrogen use efficiency traits at the seedling and maturity stages under different nitrogen conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Zeng Zhaoyong , Song Shiyun , Ma Jian , Hu Deyi , Xu Yinggang , Hou Yao , Chen Huangxin , Chen Yi , Huo Yuanfeng , Li Yang , Tang Xiaoyan , Lan Ting , Gao Xuesong , Chen Guangdeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth and development. The identification and utilization of N use efficiency (NUE) loci are essential for breeding high NUE cultivars. In this study, 15 NUE traits were measured in a recombinant inbred line population containing 121 lines derived from the cross between a cultivated barley (Baudin) and a wild barley (CN4027). The hydroponic culture was conducted with normal N and low N treatments in one‐time frame, and field trials were conducted with N sufficiency and N deficiency treatments in two growing seasons. Twenty‐two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and four clusters were detected. Of them, the five stable QTLs Qgna.sau‐3H for grain N concentration, Qtna.sau‐3H for total N accumulation per plant, Qnhi.sau‐3H for N harvest index, Qnutegy.sau‐3H for N utilization efficiency for grain yield and Qanutedm.sau‐3H.1 for N utilization efficiency for aboveground dry matter were co‐located on chromosome 3H flanked by the markers bpb6282426 and bpb4786261. These two novel QTL clusters simultaneously controlled NUE traits at the seedling and maturity stages. Some genes related to NUE traits in intervals of the major QTLs were predicted. The significant relationships between NUE traits and agronomic and physiological traits were detected and discussed. In conclusion, this study uncovers the most promising genomic regions for the marker‐assisted selection of NUE traits to improve NUE in barley.
Soil cadmium pollution facilitated the invasion of alligator weed through enhanced herbivore resistance and competitive ability over a congeneric species
Authors: Lin Tiantian , He Wanci , Yang Mohan , Wang Xuegui , Vrieling Klaas , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA number of invasive plant species, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, have been documented to be able to accumulate trace metal elements in their tissues. Since metal accumulation in plants can serve as a defence against herbivores, we hypothesized that metal pollution will increase herbivore resistance of metal‐accumulating invasive plant species and such a benefit will grant them a competitive advantage over local co‐occurring plants. In this study, we compared the differences in plant growth and herbivore feeding preference between A. philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis in single and mixed cultures with and without soil cadmium (Cd) pollution. The results showed that A. philoxeroides plants were more tolerant to Cd stress and accumulated more Cd in the leaves than A. sessilis. Cd exposure increased the resistance of A. philoxeroides against a specialist and a generalist herbivore compared with A. sessilis. Competition experiments indicated that Cd stress largely increased the competitive advantage of A. philoxeroides over A. sessilis with or without herbivore pressures. The differences in herbivore resistance between the two plant species under soil Cd stress are most likely due to the deterring effect of Cd accumulation and Cd‐enhanced mechanical defences rather than changes in leaf specialized metabolites.
Disagreement and alienation
Authors: Marušić Berislav , White Stephen J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes to reorient the philosophical debate about peer disagreement. The problem of peer disagreement is normally seen as a problem about the extent to which disagreement provides one with evidence against one's own conclusions. It is thus regarded as a problem for individual inquiry. But things look different in more collaborative contexts. Ethical norms relevant to those contexts make a difference to the epistemology. In particular, we argue that a norm of mutual answerability applies to us when we engage in shared inquiry with others, and precludes us from treating one another's conflicting judgments as evidence relevant to the dispute. From this it follows that standard philosophical accounts of peer disagreement—e.g., the Equal Weight View and the Total Evidence View—presuppose that the disagreeing parties are in a sense alienated from one another. It's doubtful that such forms of alienated disagreement should be treated as the central case.
Puncturing the Knowledge Illusion Does Not Reduce Policy and Political Extremism: Evidence From a Replication and Extension
Authors: Walker Richard M. , Zhang Jiasheng , Cheng Edmund W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the formation of and changes in citizens' extreme views on complex public policies is an important task in our increasingly polarized world. Behavioral sciences offer insights on cognitive processes and potential mechanisms to mitigate extremity in policy preferences and develop more realistic models that underprint political attitudes. About a decade ago, Fernbach et al. (2013) offered a simple cognitive intervention to reduce political extremism: Confront people with their lack of procedural policy knowledge such that their overestimation of knowledge is shattered. We conducted three high‐value replications and extensions to examine the applicability of Fernbach's proposed theory among a sample of 5,139 citizens in postconflict Hong Kong. Our results suggest the opposite: Positional extremity is higher when citizens articulate their understanding of policy. Our study, which is larger in scale, draws on different time periods and extended interventions and examines more controversial policy issues has epistemological and cognitive implications for future research on the political psychology of extremism.
Microbialites on the northern shelf of Lake Van, eastern Türkiye#: Morphology, texture, stable isotope geochemistry and age
Authors: Çağatay M. Namık , Damcı Emre , Bayon Germain , Sarı Mustafa 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTLake Van, the world's largest alkaline lake, hosts some of the largest microbialite towers worldwide, which are considered as modern analogues of ancient stromatolites. This study investigates the links between microbialite evolution, geology, climate and hydrology, and the role of biotic and abiotic processes in microbialite growth and morphology. For these objectives, the northern shelf of Lake Van was surveyed by sub‐bottom seismic profiling and diving, and two 9 m and 15 m high microbialite chimneys were sampled at 25 m water depth. Samples were analysed for stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and U/Th age dating. Lake Van microbialites precipitate wherever focused Ca‐rich groundwater flows onto the lake floor to mix with alkaline lake water. Variable columnar, conical and branching morphologies of the microbialites indicate various processes of formation by groundwater channelling within the chimneys. Collectively, our data suggest that the microbialite chimneys have formed within the last millennium, most likely starting during the warm and humid Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca ad 800–1300), when lake level rose approximately to the present level due to enhanced Inputs of riverine Ca‐rich freshwater and groundwater. Our new scanning electron microscopy observations indicate that the internal structure of the microbialites below the outer cyanobacteria‐covered crust is constructed by calcified filaments, globular aggregates and nanocrystals of algal, cyanobacterial and heterobacterial origins and inorganically precipitated prismatic calcite crystals. These textural features, together with dive observations, clearly demonstrate the important role of inorganic carbonate precipitation at sites of groundwater discharge, followed by cyanobacteria and algal mucilage deposition and microbially meditated calcification in the photic zone in the rapid growth of the microbialite chimneys. Considering the close similarities of some textures with those of ancient stromatolites and meteorites, the results of this study provide new insights into the environmental conditions associated with stromatolite formation and extra‐terrestrial life evolution.
Parental warmth and guilt induction: Associations with prosocial behaviors and the mediating role of values in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Wong Tracy K. Y. , Konishi Chiaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractParental guilt induction is thought to promote empathy and social attunement in Chinese cultures, whereas parental warmth is thought to facilitate prosocial development across diverse cultures. However, research on the relative roles of guilt induction and warmth and how they are associated with prosocial behaviors in Chinese communities has been limited. Additionally, the roles of paternal parenting and potential motivational mediators in non‐Western contexts remain largely unexplored. The present study considered both culturally prevalent (guilt induction) and universal (warmth) parenting practices and their associations with other‐ versus self‐oriented prosocial behaviors, as well as the mediating role of adolescents’ values (i.e., self‐transcendence vs. self‐transcendence). Gender and age differences were also examined. Participants were 439 Grades 7–11 adolescents (242 girls) from Hong Kong. Path analyses indicated that self‐transcendence values mediated the link between parental (maternal and paternal) warmth and both forms of prosocial behaviors. Self‐enhancement values mediated the link between maternal guilt induction and self‐oriented prosocial behaviors. Multigroup analyses revealed no significant gender and age differences. Current findings suggest that parental warmth is likely to facilitate prosocial behaviors through the cultivation of self‐transcendence values whereas guilt induction may facilitate values and prosocial behaviors that are more self‐oriented in Chinese contexts.
Moral psychology and civil rights protesters: Exemplary, different, and mad
Authors: Noon Daniel W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMartin Luther King Jr. appealed for social scientists to reflect on the normative questions of what morality ought to be and what the aims of science ought to be. To avoid rendering social science irrelevant, 1960s moral psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg agreed with King when he argued that morality should be based on a philosophical ideal rather than an adjustment to society. Kohlberg's definition of morality meant that Black protesters could be exemplary. By the 1970s, Kohlberg worked in schools to promote children's knowledge of racial justice and achieve institutional reform, such as integration and affirmative action. Subsequent work challenged Kohlberg's definition of morality and instead claimed morality meant adhering to group‐defined standards. Rather than being seen as more moral and mature, Black civil rights activists came to be seen as possessing a different morality of care that refused to assimilate to White American moral norms. Later, Haidt claimed that a “great synthesis” of empirical work led to a definition of morality as adherence to cultural standards. This definition of morality led Haidt to describe the morality of Black protesters as deficient and mentally ill. The latter approach assumed science aims to achieve racial harmony and spoke against affirmative action. The change in the description of civil rights protesters as exceptional, different, and then mad results in a change in normative assumptions rather than a new synthesis of empirical findings.
Soil salinity monitoring model based on the synergistic construction of ground‐UAV‐satellite data
Authors: Jia Jiangdong , Chen Ce , Liu Qi , Ding Binbin , Ren Zheng , Jia Yanxin , Bai Xuqian , Du Ruiqi , Chen Qinda , Wang Shuang , Luo Linyu , Zhang Zhitao , Geng Hongsuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil salinization poses a significant constraint on the sustainable development of agriculture. While satellite remote‐sensing data enables salinity monitoring over large spatial scales, its coarse resolution limits monitoring accuracy. On the other hand, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote‐sensing data offers greater accuracy in salinity monitoring but covers a smaller area compared to satellite remote sensing. To address the need for both high precision and wide‐range monitoring, we developed a soil salinity monitoring model integrating ground, UAV, and satellite data. Field experiments were conducted in the Shahaoqu irrigation area, Inner Mongolia, China, from August 11 to 15, 2019. During this period, we collected satellite remote‐sensing images, UAV remote‐sensing images, and soil salinity data. Spectral bands from the remote‐sensing data were utilized to construct separate vegetation and salinity indices, which were further filtered using the variable importance in projection (VIP) algorithm. The soil salinity monitoring model was then constructed using the extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. Several soil salinity monitoring models were developed, including SSMM‐UAV (based on ground‐UAV data at a resolution of 6.5 cm), SSMM‐UAV‐upscaling (obtained by upscaling the results of SSMM‐UAV to a 16 m scale), SSMM‐satellite (based on ground‐satellite data at a 16 m scale), and SSMM‐UAV‐satellite (constructed using ground‐UAV‐satellite data at a 16 m scale). The results revealed that SSMM‐UAV accurately monitored soil salinity at the UAV scale, with R2 values exceeding .81 and RMSEs below 0.11% for both the model modelling set and validation set. SSMM‐UAV‐upscaling demonstrated consistency with SSMM‐UAV and effectively represented salinity conditions at the 16 m scale. In contrast, SSMM‐satellite exhibited inferior performance, with R2 values of .42 and .32 for the modelling set and validation set, respectively, and RMSEs of 0.15% and 0.17%, respectively. By incorporating ground‐UAV‐satellite data, SSMM‐UAV‐satellite improved the R2 of SSMM‐satellite by more than .09 and reduced the RMSEs by at least 0.08%. Furthermore, the area covered by satellite data was ca. 85 times larger than that covered by UAV data. The synergistic use of UAV and satellite data in salinity monitoring enhances the accuracy of satellite remote sensing and expands the monitoring range of UAV remote sensing. The findings of this study provide a reference for high precision and large‐scale salt monitoring through the synergistic integration of ground, UAV, and satellite data.
Irrigation‐induced evaporative water loss in a glacially derived soil site
Authors: Grevengoed Lincoln , Abdelmohsen Karem , Hampton Duane , Krishnamurthy R. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWorldwide, significant agricultural activities take place where groundwater is used for irrigation and water losses occur due to evaporation. Water loss through evaporation is affected by the soil type, local climate and most likely crop type. Previous studies from arid regions demonstrated the utility of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in estimating evaporative water loss during return flow back to an aquifer. This study examined the region around Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, where the soil is formed from glacial sediments and the region experiences a temperate climate. The present study is applicable to agricultural practices in many parts of the world that are in a temperate climate zone. The study area primarily uses centre‐pivot systems supplied by wells. Water samples were taken periodically from wells close to centre‐pivot irrigation systems. Knowledge of isotope ratios in precipitation, the primary source of groundwater recharge is a prerequisite for this study. The distribution of oxygen and hydrogen in local precipitation, the so‐called Local Meteoric Water Line, is available based on several years of measurements. An evaporative model of the isotope data indicates water loss from evaporation to be in the range of 14% and 6%. This is less than what was estimated for arid region zones and is perhaps also due to the well‐drained nature of the regional soil which promotes rapid infiltration lowering evaporation. Evaporative loss was greater at wells near cornfields than at wells that supplied other crop types. Little expected correlation between the groundwater isotope data and chloride concentration is attributable to an external input of chloride from road salt used in winter months.