bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preexposure to one social threat alters responses to another social threat: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Fang Xu , Kerschreiter Rudolf , Yang Yu-Fang , Niedeggen Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA recent Cyberball study has indicated that the experience of loss of control can affect how people process subsequent social exclusion. This “preexposure effect” supports the idea of a common cognitive system involved in the processing of different types of social threats. To test the validity of this assumption in the current study, we reversed the sequence of the preexposure setup. We measured the effects of social exclusion on the subsequent processing of loss of control utilizing event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and self-reports. In the control group (CG, n = 26), the transition to loss of control elicited significant increases in both the P3 amplitude and the self-reported negative mood. Replicating the results of the previous preexposure study, these effects were significantly reduced by the preexposure to an independent social threat (here: social exclusion). In contrast to previous findings, these effects were not modulated by the discontinuation (EG1disc, n = 25) or continuation (EG2cont, n = 24) of the preexposure threat. Given that the P3 effect is related to the violation of subjective expectations, these results support the notion that preexposure to a specific social threat has widespread effects on the individuals’ expectancy of upcoming social participation and control.
Explorando las Fronteras: la Aplicación de Inteligencia Artificial en la Evaluación Educativa
Authors: Ramos Armijos Diana Fernanda , Ramos Armijos Diego Geovanny , Ramos Armijos Nelson Jesús , Tapia Puga Viviana Magdalena , Tapia Puga Luis Israel 
Published: January 2024

Este artículo aborda la integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la evaluación educativa, buscando mejorar la eficacia y objetividad de los métodos tradicionales. La creciente complejidad de los sistemas educativos ha generado la necesidad de herramientas más avanzadas para evaluar el rendimiento de los estudiantes. El estudio tiene como objetivo principal explorar el impacto de la IA en la evaluación educativa, identificando sus ventajas y desafíos. Se propone analizar cómo las tecnologías emergentes pueden adaptarse a la diversidad de estilos de aprendizaje y optimizar la retroalimentación. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura, seguida de un análisis de casos de implementación de IA en entornos educativos. Además, se realizaron entrevistas a educadores para obtener percepciones cualitativas. La IA demostró mejorar la precisión de la evaluación, personalizar la retroalimentación y proporcionar insights valiosos sobre los patrones de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, se destacaron preocupaciones éticas y desafíos técnicos que requieren atención. La integración de IA en la evaluación educativa es prometedora, pero se deben abordar cuestiones éticas y técnicas. La combinación de la experiencia humana con la capacidad analítica de la IA puede optimizar la evaluación y promover la equidad en la educación.
Complicaciones de la Cirugía Laparoscópica en pacientes con Obesidad
Authors: Ordóñez Caicedo Olga María , Echeverria Castro Brenda de Jesús , Aguabi Cejido Silvia Alexandra , Pincay Suárez Liggy Mercedes , González Briones Andrea Irene 
Published: January 2024

La cirugía laparoscópica, aunque ampliamente utilizada y menos invasiva, presenta desafíos particulares en pacientes con obesidad. En este artículo abordaremos las complicaciones quirúrgicas mediante la técnica de laparoscopía que se podrían producir en el paciente obeso, como en el caso de pacientes ginecológicos con obesidad, se enfrentan a complicaciones como la dificultad en la visualización de estructuras debido al exceso de tejido adiposo. Además, la manipulación de instrumentos en espacios reducidos puede aumentar el riesgo de lesiones en órganos circundantes. En pacientes con colelitiasis, la obesidad puede complicar la identificación y extracción de la vesícula biliar debido a la anatomía alterada. La presencia de la Enfermedad Intestinal Inflamatoria también agrega complejidad, ya que el tejido inflamado puede obstaculizar la visualización y manipulación durante la cirugía laparoscópica. Adicionalmente, la obesidad en estos pacientes aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias, incluyendo infecciones y problemas respiratorios. Resulta esencial que los cirujanos ponderen minuciosamente estos factores al planificar y llevar a cabo los procedimientos laparoscópicos en pacientes con obesidad, implementando enfoques adaptados y precauciones adicionales para mitigar riesgos.
Accessory and Sesamoid Bones in the Body: A study on their Size and Presence
Authors: DEĞERMENCİ Muhammet , AYGÜN Ali , YILMAZ Halil , TOKPINAR Adem , BAS Orhan 
Published: January 2024

Aim: Accessory and sesamoid bones are hidden anatomical structures that fulfil a wide variety of functions in the human body. Therefore, studying the nature, formation and dimensions of these structures is of great importance for the medical literature. In our study, we aimed to measure the presence and area (size) of these ossicles.
Material and Method: Our study was performed retrospectively on the images of individuals who applied to Ordu University and whose radiological images were obtained. The presence of accessory and sesamoid ossicles (present/absent) and their sizes (measured using the PACS system) were evaluated on radiographs and Computed Tomography (CT) images. The results of the ossicles were divided into gender, age, and bilateral groups. Statistical analyzes were performed with the SPSS program.
Results: The most common and largest accessory ossicles in the foot were os peroneum (18.2%), os naviculare accessoria (17.4%), os trigonum (12.1%) and os intermetatarsarum (7.8%). Sesamoid ossicles at the level of the first metatarsophalangeal (mtp) joint of the foot and the first metacarpopgalangeal (mcp) joint of the hand were found to be 100% common. The second most common sesamoid bone in the hand and foot was at the fifth mtp (22.22%) and mcp (68.53%) joints. In the hand, the most common accessory ossicles were os triangulare (6.08%), os radiale externum (2.60%) and os centrale (1.73%). Accessory ossicles (fabella: 19%, cyamella: 17.5%) were found in 25.5% of the knee.
Conclusion: Accessory and sesamoid ossicles are most commonly found in the hand, foot, and knee. The presence and size of these ossicles can be both beneficial and harmful. Sesamoids provide mechanical benefit, whereas accessory ossicles can be mistaken for fractures and may lead to unnecessary medical conditions. Knowing the dimensions of these ossicles allows them to be clinically differentiated from avulsion fractures.
The Effect of Surgical Nurses' Attitudes Towards Evidence-Based Practices on Patient Safety Culture: Descriptive and Relationship-Seeking Study
Authors: KAPIKIRAN Gürkan , ÇETİN Yasin , AĞRALI Cansu , ÜNAL Esra 
Published: January 2024

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship and the effect of surgical nurses' attitudes to evidence-based nursing (EBN) practices on patient safety culture (PSC).
Material and Method: The study was descriptive and correlational. The sample consisted of 364 nurses working in the surgical departments of a university hospital. Data were collected by using individual information form, attitude towards EBN scale and PSC scale.
Results: The average total score of PSC of surgical nurses was 3.60±0.38 and the average total score of attitudes towards EBN practice was 60.07±6.01. There was a strong positive correlation between EBN practices and PSC (r=0.705, p=0.000). In the regression analysis, it was seen that the attitude towards EBN practices, which was the predictor variable, explained approximately 49.7% of the variance in the predicted variable of PSC (F=358.175; R2=0.497; p=0.000).
Conclusion: It was determined that the attitudes of surgical nurses towards EBN practices and PSC were positive. It was found that surgical nurses with higher attitudes towards EBN practices had more positive attitudes towards PSC. Although PSC is important for nurses working in all clinics, it is more important for nurses working in surgical clinics. Therefore, it is recommended that working conditions should be improved and in-service trainings should be planned in line with the latest evidence findings.
PASSAGES: The Wide-ranging, Extreme Intrinsic Properties of Planck-selected, Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Kamieneski Patrick S. , Yun Min S. , Harrington Kevin C. , Lowenthal James D. , Wang Q. Daniel , Frye Brenda L. , Jiménez-Andrade Eric F. , Vishwas Amit , Cooper Olivia , Pascale Massimo , Foo Nicholas , Berman Derek , Englert Anthony , Garcia Diaz Carlos 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The PASSAGES (Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyze Gravitationally-lensed Extreme Starbursts) collaboration has recently defined a sample of 30 gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). These rare, submillimeter-selected objects enable high-resolution views of the most extreme sites of star formation in galaxies at cosmic noon. Here, we present the first major compilation of strong lensing analyses using lenstool for PASSAGES, including 15 objects spanning z = 1.1–3.3, using complementary information from 0.″6-resolution 1.1 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and 0.″4 5 cm Jansky Very Large Array continuum imaging, in tandem with 1.6 μm Hubble and optical imaging with Gemini-S. Magnifications range from μ = 2 to 28 (median μ = 7), yielding intrinsic infrared luminosities of L
IR = 0.2–5.9 × 1013
L
⊙ (median 1.4 × 1013
L
⊙) and inferred star formation rates of 170–6300 M
⊙ yr−1 (median 1500 M
⊙ yr−1). These results suggest that the PASSAGES objects comprise some of the most extreme known starbursts, rivaling the luminosities of even the brightest unlensed objects, further amplified by lensing. The intrinsic sizes of far-infrared continuum regions are large (R
e = 1.7–4.3 kpc; median 3.0 kpc) but consistent with L
IR–R
e scaling relations for z > 1 DSFGs, suggesting a widespread spatial distribution of star formation. With modestly high angular resolution, we explore if these objects might be maximal starbursts. Instead of approaching Eddington-limited surface densities, above which radiation pressure will disrupt further star formation, they are safely sub-Eddington—at least on global, galaxy-integrated scales.
Series of Small-scale Low Plasma β Magnetic Flux Ropes Originating from the Same Longitudinal Region: Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Choi Kyung-Eun , Lee Dae-Young , Noh Sung-Jun , Agapitov Oleksiy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we report on small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) observed as a compact series in a narrow Carrington longitudinal range during three Parker Solar Probe (PSP) encounters. First, during ∼1.5 days of PSP's inbound part of Encounter 4, we identified a series of 11 SMFRs within 1.°4 in longitude over the radial distance of ∼8.4 R
☉ (from ∼44 to 35 R
☉). The identified SMFRs lasted from ∼0.5 to 1.8 hr, and adjacent events were separated mostly by a few hours and up to ∼6.5 hr at the longest, but some events were very closely spaced with intervals of a few ∼tens of minutes or less apart. Most of the identified SMFRs are successfully fitted to the force-free model. The SMFRs are clearly distinguished from the surroundings by a notable reduction in plasma β, which itself was comparably low (less than unity) in the background plasma. Furthermore, the magnetic field and plasma flow within the SMFRs fluctuated significantly less than the more turbulent surroundings. The fluctuations in the surrounding medium exhibited occasional Br polarity reversal (possibly switchbacks) and were Alfvénic to a large extent with far weaker compressional components. The majority of these key features with some differences have also been found in the series of SMFRs and their surroundings identified within 1.°3 or less in longitude during Encounters 1 and 5. We speculate that these SMFRs were repetitively generated by successive reconnection within a very narrow angular zone located close to the Sun but not necessarily at the same radial position.
The Effect of Solar Wind on Charged Particles’ Diffusion Coefficients
Authors: Wang J. F. , Qin G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The transport of energetic charged particles through magnetized plasmas is ubiquitous in interplanetary space and astrophysics, and the important physical quantities are the parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients of energetic charged particles. In this paper, the influence of solar wind on particle transport is investigated. Using the focusing equation, we obtain parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficients, accounting for the solar wind effect. For different conditions, the relative importance of the solar wind effect to diffusion is investigated. It is shown that, when energetic charged particles are close to the Sun, for parallel diffusion, the solar wind effect needs to be taken into account. These results are important for studying energetic charged particle transport processes in the vicinity of the Sun.
The Effect of the Velocity Distribution on Kilonova Emission
Authors: Fryer Chris L. , Hungerford Aimee L. , Wollaeger Ryan T. , Miller Jonah M. , De Soumi , Fontes Christopher J. , Korobkin Oleg , Kedia Atul , Ristic Marko , O’Shaughnessy Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The electromagnetic emission from the nonrelativistic ejecta launched in neutron star mergers (either dynamically or through a disk wind) has the potential to probe both the total mass and composition of this ejecta. These observations are crucial in understanding the role of these mergers in the production of r-process elements in the Universe. However, many properties of the ejecta can alter the light curves and we must both identify which properties play a role in shaping this emission and understand the effects these properties have on the emission before we can use observations to place strong constraints on the amount of r-process elements produced in the merger. This paper focuses on understanding the effect of the velocity distribution (amount of mass moving at different velocities) for lanthanide-rich ejecta on the light curves and spectra. The simulations use distributions guided by recent calculations of disk outflows and compare the velocity-distribution effects to those of ejecta mass, velocity, and composition. Our comparisons show that uncertainties in the velocity distribution can lead to a factor of 2–4 uncertainties in the inferred ejecta mass based on peak infrared luminosities. We also show that early-time UV or optical observations may be able to constrain the velocity distribution, reducing the uncertainty in the ejecta mass.
Relative Abundances of CO2, CO, and CH4 in Atmospheres of Earth-like Lifeless Planets
Authors: Watanabe Yasuto , Ozaki Kazumi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Carbon is an essential element for life on Earth, and the relative abundances of major carbon species (CO2, CO, and CH4) in the atmosphere exert fundamental controls on planetary climate and biogeochemistry. Here we employed a theoretical model of atmospheric chemistry to investigate diversity in the atmospheric abundances of CO2, CO, and CH4 on Earth-like lifeless planets orbiting Sun-like (F-, G-, and K-type) stars. We focused on the conditions for the formation of a CO-rich atmosphere, which would be favorable for the origin of life. Results demonstrated that elevated atmospheric CO2 levels trigger photochemical instability of the CO budget in the atmosphere (i.e., CO runaway) owing to enhanced CO2 photolysis relative to H2O photolysis. Higher volcanic outgassing fluxes of reduced C (CO and CH4) also tend to initiate CO runaway. Our systematic examinations revealed that anoxic atmospheres of Earth-like lifeless planets could be classified in the phase space of CH4/CO2 versus CO/CO2, where a distinct gap in atmospheric carbon chemistry is expected to be observed. Our findings indicate that the gap structure is a general feature of Earth-like lifeless planets with reducing atmospheres orbiting Sun-like (F-, G-, and K-type) stars.
A Double-decker Flux Rope Model for the Solar Eruption on 2012 March 10
Authors: Karna Nishu , Dhakal Suman , Savcheva Antonia , Zhang Jie , Kliem Bernhard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a magnetic configuration of a compound solar eruption observed on 2012 March 10, from NOAA AR 11429 near the disk center, which displayed a soft X-ray sigmoid before the eruption. We constructed a series of magnetic field models, including double-decker flux rope configurations, using the flux rope insertion method. This produces three-dimensional coronal magnetic field models constrained by the photospheric magnetogram and observed EUV coronal structures. We used different combinations of flux rope paths. We found that two flux ropes sharing the same path at different heights quickly experience a partial merging in the initial iteration of the magnetofrictional relaxation process. Different paths with less than 30% overlap allowed us to construct stable double-decker structures. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly facilitated the selection of a best-fit model that matches the observations best. Moreover, by varying fluxes in this validated nonlinear force-free field double-decker configuration, we successfully reproduce all three scenarios of eruptions of double-decker configurations: (i) eruption due to the instability of higher flux rope; (ii) eruption due to rising lower flux rope and merging with higher flux rope; and (iii) eruption due to the instability of both flux ropes. This demonstrates that magnetofrictional simulation can capture the large-scale magnetic structure of eruptions for a realistic field configuration at eruption onset.
Butyrate, Valerate, and Niacin Ameliorate Anaphylaxis by Suppressing IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Activation: Roles of GPR109A, PGE2, and Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: Nagata Kazuki , Ando Daisuke , Ashikari Tsubasa , Ito Kandai , Miura Ryosuke , Fujigaki Izumi , Goto Yuki , Ando Miki , Ito Naoto , Kawazoe Hibiki , Iizuka Yuki , Inoue Mariko , Yashiro Takuya , Hachisu Masakazu , Kasakura Kazumi , Nishiyama Chiharu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the intestinal microbiota during the fermentation of dietary fibers as secondary metabolites. Several recent studies reported that SCFAs modulate the development and function of immune-related cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which SCFAs regulate mast cells (MCs) remain unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the function and gene expression of mouse MCs in the presence of SCFAs in vitro and in vivo. We found that the oral administration of valerate or butyrate ameliorated passive systemic anaphylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. The majority of SCFAs, particularly propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate, suppressed the IgE-mediated degranulation of bone marrow–derived MCs, which were eliminated by the Gi protein inhibitor pertussis toxin and by the knockdown of Gpr109a. A treatment with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A also suppressed IgE-mediated MC activation and reduced the surface expression level of FcεRI on MCs. Acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin attenuated the suppressive effects of SCFAs on degranulation. The degranulation degree was significantly reduced by PGE2 but not by PGD2. Furthermore, SCFAs enhanced PGE2 release from stimulated MCs. The SCFA-mediated amelioration of anaphylaxis was exacerbated by COX inhibitors and an EP3 antagonist, but not by an EP4 antagonist. The administration of niacin, a ligand of GPR109A, alleviated the symptoms of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, which was inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the EP3 antagonist. We conclude that SCFAs suppress IgE-mediated activation of MCs in vivo and in vitro involving GPR109A, PGE2, and epigenetic regulation.
Glycolysis Induced by METTL14 Is Essential for Macrophage Phagocytosis and Phenotype in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Mao Zhonghao , Ye Jinwen , Jiao Xinlin , Zhang Teng , Wang Qi , Han Sai , Zhang Youzhong , Wang Chunling , Dong Taotao , Cui Baoxia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification in mammals and it plays a vital role in various biological processes. However, the roles of m6A on cervical cancer tumorigenesis, especially macrophages infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer, are still unclear. We analyzed the abnormal m6A methylation in cervical cancer, using CaSki and THP-1 cell lines, that might influence macrophage polarization and/or function in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, C57BL/6J and BALB/c nude mice were used for validation in vivo. In this study, m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed the m6A profiles in cervical cancer. Then, we discovered that the high expression of METTL14 (methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit) in cervical cancer tissues can promote the proportion of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–positive tumor-associated macrophages, which have an obstacle to devour tumor cells. Functionally, changes of METTL14 in cervical cancer inhibit the recognition and phagocytosis of macrophages to tumor cells. Mechanistically, the abnormality of METTL14 could target the glycolysis of tumors in vivo and vitro. Moreover, lactate acid produced by tumor glycolysis has an important role in the PD-1 expression of tumor-associated macrophages as a proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator. In this study, we revealed the effect of glycolysis regulated by METTL14 on the expression of PD-1 and phagocytosis of macrophages, which showed that METTL14 was a potential therapeutic target for treating advanced human cancers.
Cutting Edge: Characterization of Low Copy Number Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2–Transgenic Mice as an Improved Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Bradshaw Christine M , Georgieva Teodora , Tankersley Trevor N , Taylor-Doyle Tama , Johnson Larry , Uhrlaub Jennifer L , Besselsen David , Nikolich Janko Ž 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A popular mouse model of COVID-19, the K18-hACE2 mouse, expresses the SARS-coronavirus entry receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) driven by the keratin-18 promoter. SARS-CoV-2–infected K18-hACE2 mice exhibit neuropathology not representative of human infection. They contain eight transgene (Tg) copies, leading to excess hACE2 expression and rampant viral replication. We generated two new lines of K18-hACE2 mice encoding one and two copies of hACE2 (1-hACE2-Tg and 2-hACE2-Tg, respectively). Relative to the original strain (called 8-hACE2-Tg in this study), 2-hACE2-Tg mice exhibited lower mortality, with less viral replication in the lung and brain. Furthermore, 1-hACE2-Tg mice exhibited no mortality and had no detectable virus in the brain; yet, they exhibited clear viral replication in the lung. All three strains showed SARS-CoV-2–related weight loss commensurate with the mortality rates. 1-hACE2-Tg mice mounted detectable primary and memory T effector cell and Ab responses. We conclude that these strains provide improved models to study hACE2-mediated viral infections.