bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Investigation of Interfacial Adhesion Strength of Epoxy Resin Adhesives Over a Wide Range of Loading Rate
Authors: Takagi Aoi , Kasuya Yuto , Ogawa Masayoshi , Hosoya Yuichi , Yonezu Akio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For a reduction of aircraft structural weights, adhesive bonding has attracted attention to joint dissimilar materials. It often uses polymetric resin and it is well known that the strength of resin adhesives depends on the loading rate. Therefore, it is expected that the bonding strength of resin adhesive joints also shows a loading rate dependence. To investigate the effect of loading rate on bonding strength of epoxy resin adhesive with aluminum alloy, this study conducted three experimental methods with different loading rate: quasi-static test, Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test, and Laser Shock-wave Adhesion Test (LaSAT). LaSAT utilizes an elastic stress wave (laser induced shockwave) generated by laser ablation to delaminate the adhesive from substrate at very high loading velocity. As a result, it is found that interfacial bonding strength significantly depended on loading rate. In addition, fracture toughness of the same adhesive joints was also investigated, and its loading rate dependency was discussed. Finally, in order to clarify the mechanism of the loading rate dependence, we investigated the deformation of the molecular chains using molecular dynamics (MD) and Finite Element Method (FEM) with cohesive zone modeling was employed to simulate a crack propagation for wide ranges of loading rate.
Manufacturing of Polymer/Magnesium Composite Scaffolds Via Stereolithography
Authors: Afridi Ambreen , Nuthana Kalva Sumama , Al Rashid Ans , Koç Muammer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tissue scaffolds are developed/employed as a transitory framework to support the affected tissues and gradually degrade over the healing process. Finding the optimum material and technique for fabricating bone scaffolds has been the main focus, as implants must sustain structural strains, promote tissue proliferation, cell growth, and vascularization, and ensure biocompatibility. In this regard, polymers and their composites have found widespread use in fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds due to their remarkable properties. Stereolithography (SLA) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique used to manufacture intricate and complex bone scaffolds using polymers or composites that can be customized according to patient-specific anatomical needs — shape, size, and mechanical properties. This study explores the potential of incorporating Magnesium (Mg) nanoparticles into photocurable resin for bone implants manufactured through SLA. Magnesium, a renowned metal for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoconductivity, and mechanical attributes, is suitable for tissue engineering. A photocurable resin was blended with different concentrations (wt.%) of Mg alloy, followed by AM and photocuring, to assess their printability and the impact of optimization on the 3D-printed structures. Physicochemical characterization was conducted to evaluate the effects of magnesium incorporation on the thermal stability and degradation properties of resin-Mg composites.
Ball Screw Surface Faults Modeling and Detection for Electromechanical Flight Control Actuators
Authors: Bertolino Antonio Carlo , De Martin Andrea , Guida Roberto , Bencivinni Gabriele , Sorli Massimo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ball screw faults are the major contributors to the known safety limitations of electromechanical actuators (EMA), which hinder their wide adoption as the main technology for primary flight controls in the aerospace sector. To overcome this issue, a promising approach is represented by the construction of a Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) framework around a simple architecture EMA to monitor its health state. A high-fidelity model of the entire servosystem represents a valuable tool for generating synthetic databases with a variety of simulated defects to train PHM routines. This paper introduced a detailed dynamic model of an EMA, designed to facilitate model-based PHM routines, composed of a three-phase motor description and a high-fidelity multibody model of the ball screw, capable of representing the full dynamics of each internal sphere independently. This allowed the description of a localized defect model implemented on the nut raceway to simulate superficial defects of various entities. The impact of such faults on the system’s response is explored by analyzing the NA-MEMD based HHT spectra of ball screw kinematic signals and internal contact forces on the various spheres. The results verified the efficacy of the proposed model and open avenues for more comprehensive analyses and future investigations on defect detectability and isolation.
Developing Online Learning Modules on Systems Concepts for First Year Mechanical Engineering Students
Authors: Bedillion Mark , Muci-Kúchler Karim , Emami Anahita , Kojtek Lynn , Pottmeyer Laura , Birrenkott Cassandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mechanical engineers develop complex products consisting of multiple interacting subsystems, and product complexity has grown over time as sensing and communication elements have become ubiquitous. Developing these products requires engineers to take a holistic system-level view of the product and its context. Infusing systems thinking and systems engineering skills into the mechanical engineering undergraduate curriculum better prepares graduates to work on these complex systems. This paper describes the development of online learning modules for first-year mechanical engineering students that introduce the product development process while presenting fundamental systems concepts. The development of the online modules features a partnership between faculty, learning engineers, and student testers to convert materials previously presented in class into self-contained learning modules. These modules are designed to be suitable for a flipped classroom approach that allows using classroom time for “hands-on” activities based on the topics covered in the modules. The article describes the process to develop the online modules and the best practices learned for content conversion from classroom to online, embedded assessment, and protocols for student feedback, but does not include assessment results from a classroom implementation. The modules described in the paper are scheduled to be deployed in three institutions in the fall of 2024.
Conceptual Study of Cryogenic Carbon Capture in a Swirl Flow System
Authors: Kurian Emel V. , Sandilya Pavitra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) involves the use of subzero temperatures to separate carbon dioxide from a gas mixture like flue gas, natural gas, etc. The separation may be achieved by desublimation, liquefaction, distillation, and/or hydrate formation. In all these methods, the efficacy of carbon capture depends primarily on mass transfer between two phases (gas-solid or vapor-liquid); however, due to the evolution of heat during the phase change, it is essential to ensure an effective way of removing this heat. Therefore, in designing a device for CCC, one has to consider both the mass and the heat transfer aspects to arrive at an optimal design.
There are a few studies reported on the desublimation-based CCC, and they have focused on the development of an efficient cooling system to enhance the rate of desublimation. In this context, we explored the efficacy of a swirl flow device to further improve carbon capture efficiency by increasing the mass and heat transfer coefficients. In this paper, we developed a lumped parameter model for a swirl flow and an axial flow in a tube. The carbon capture efficiency of both the systems are compared for varying composition and mass flow rates. In every scenario, swirl flow showed an enhanced carbon capture rate. The results showed that using a swirl flow device for desublimation-based cryogenic carbon capture can significantly reduce the equipment size, capital, and operating costs.
Implementing Ant-Gaiting-Based Biomimetic Locomotion for a Damaged Hexapod Robot
Authors: Marks William , Ackerman Matthew , Rahman Kaushik , Kim Dal Hyung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we present biomimetic gait patterns for both undamaged and damaged hexapod robots, mimicking the locomotion of intact and amputated fire ants. We observed the gait patterns of intact and injured ants using a locomotion compensator and implemented a machine-learning image processing algorithm to accurately identify and track their movements. We modeled the locomotion using a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) with model parameters such as gait frequency, duty factor, and phase, leading to the derivation of one gait pattern for the 6-leg configuration and two major patterns for the 5-leg model. Furthermore, we designed and developed a biomimetic hexapod robot based on the dimensions of fire ants, controlling it using the derived motion patterns. The damaged hexapod robot demonstrated stable walking using these biomimetic gaits experimentally.
A Hyper Physics-Informed Neural Network for Predicting Heat Transfer Patterns During the Curing Process in Aerospace Composite Manufacturing
Authors: Deodhar Anirudh , Ramezankhani Milad , Parekh Rishi , Birru Dagnachew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The importance of fast and accurate process simulation is crucial in various manufacturing settings to enable both design experimentation and real-time monitoring and control. Traditional numerical simulations, however, are often too slow and computationally demanding for real-time applications. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) offer a promising alternative but struggle with dynamic prediction and generalization due to the need for retraining with any change in system configurations. To overcome this, Hypernetwork-based PINN (HyperPINN) has been developed. HyperPINN utilizes a secondary neural network to generate necessary weights for the primary PINN network based on input system configurations, thus avoiding retraining for different conditions. This paper showcases the use of HyperPINN in simulating the heat transfer patterns of a curing process for aerospace-grade composites. The process involves modeling transient heat transfer in a one-dimensional composite part. The Hypernetwork and the primary PINN are jointly trained across various system configurations, allowing the Hypernetwork to dynamically adjust PINN parameters as per the current conditions while maintaining adherence to physical laws. The zero-shot capability, along with near real-time inference and accuracy comparable to conventional simulations, makes HyperPINN ideal for digital twins, design optimization, and real-time process control. Additionally, the model can be adapted for other transient physical processes in manufacturing and process industries.
Preparation of a 3-D Printable Radiopaque Composite Using Zirconium Oxide Composite
Authors: Piatt Sophia , Tiari Saeed , Mihaly Holly , Chen Longyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Joint dislocations are sustained frequently in the sports world, especially in contact sports. Athletic trainers and students in training must use joint simulation models to retain the skills to treat joint dislocations effectively. However, commercially available joint simulation models for athletic training are rare and often costly. The three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific models with anatomical fidelity enable learners to practice before further medical intervention. However, one major limitation is that the polymers (such as PLA and ABS) are not visible under X-ray imaging, the most common non-invasive clinical diagnosis and assessment method for joint dislocation injuries.
In this study, a 3D printable radiopaque polymer composite was prepared by blending radiopaque zirconia particles with fine polylactic acid (PLA) particles under different weight ratios. The polymer composites were extruded to prepare filament through a filament extruder under various extruding conditions. The mechanical properties of the filaments were evaluated through tensile testing, using an MTI-10K machine. The results showed that the PLA mixed with up to 2.5% zirconia filament can improve the mechanical strength up to 1.2-fold. However, as more zirconia was added the material became more brittle. It is anticipated that the current PLA-Zr composite could provide an affordable and convenient solution for fabricating medical training models.
Computational and Experimental Calibration of Material Model for Blast-Resistant Laminated Glass Systems
Authors: Salim Hani , Elbelbisi Ahmed , Knight Jonathan , Chen Zhen , Elemam Hesham , Bowman Andrew , Kantrales George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study employs a combined computational and experimental approach to adjust material model parameters for a blast-resistant curtain wall system. The focus lies on understanding the material’s behavior after reaching its peak strength. This enables an unbiased assessment of energy dissipation at the system level through finite element analysis. Experimental tests were conducted on the polymeric interlayer material SentryGlas®, commonly used in laminated glass for blast-resistant curtain walls. Digital image correlation was utilized to analyze strain distribution within the material. A finite element computational model was created using Ansys LS-DYNA software and validated against experimental results. The initial findings indicate the capability of finite element modeling to qualitatively predict the post-peak behavior of SentryGlas® as an interlayer in blast-resistant curtain wall systems.
Improving Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation in Government School Classrooms: A Mechanical Engineering Extension Service
Authors: Galindo Ronald M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation conditions in classrooms of a three-storey government school building in an urban setting, focusing on implications for student well-being and academic performance. Conducted as a mechanical engineering extension service, the research employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing measurements of temperature, relative humidity, sound, and light levels with a digital environment multimeter. Additionally, physical attributes such as total occupants, floor area, windows, doors, lights, and fans were recorded to provide a complete understanding of the indoor environment. The guidelines from the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) were incorporated to ensure compliance and alignment with regulatory standards. Interviews with teachers and students further enriched the data, showing light on the practical implications of IAQ on attendance, comfort, and performance in the classroom. Moreover, informative sessions on psychrometrics and IAQ awareness were conducted to address students’ queries and foster understanding regarding indoor environmental factors. The research findings revealed significant disparities in IAQ and ventilation across different floors of the school building. Ground floor classrooms exhibited compromised ventilation rates due to an obstructive elevated concrete fence, affecting indoor temperature and humidity levels and occupant comfort. Recommendations include strategic modifications to the building’s infrastructure and educational initiatives to improve IAQ and ventilation, ensuring a conducive learning environment.
A Framework for Digital Twin Development in Manufacturing
Authors: Stefanone Alessandro , Rossoni Marco , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the application of Digital Twin technology in industrial manufacturing, focusing on the integration of OPC UA communication protocol for data exchange between physical machines and their virtual counterparts. The treatise presents a comprehensive framework for developing and deploying Digital Twins in a manufacturing setting. Through the implementation of this framework, significant challenges encountered in Digital Twin development are addressed, including the intricate process of extracting data from OPC UA servers, the necessity for standardized methodologies for descriptive-based Digital Twins, as well as limitations imposed by the frequency of API calls for data retrieval and the complexities associated with managing large and intricate systems. Furthermore, promising avenues for future exploration are proposed, such as the advancement of open-source OPC UA servers and the emergence of web-based Digital Twins as accessible and collaborative platforms for industrial applications. A case study involving a CNC machining center demonstrates the practical utility of the developed framework for monitoring and diagnostics of industrial processes.
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Scratching Process of Sapphire: Effects of Feeding Speed
Authors: Ansary Shah Rumman , Kabir Sarower , Cong Weilong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a recent surge in interest in sapphire due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties, coupled with widely recognized, highly productive, and economical crystal growth techniques. The low fracture toughness and high hardness value of sapphire makes it a very challenging material to be machined. Scratching test using a single diamond abrasive grain is a great way to understand the material removal mechanism and deformation characteristics of sapphire-like brittle materials. This test result can also be used to simulate and predict sapphire’s cutting force and material removal mechanism during other multi-abrasive machining processes like grinding and lapping. Experimental investigations have shown that vertical ultrasonic vibration-assisted scratching can improve the cutting forces, scratch quality, and material removal characteristics of sapphire wafers compared to conventional scratching. However, the effect of different feeding speeds on the scratching process of sapphire wafers has not been studied yet. To address this research gap, this experimental study examines how both feeding speed and ultrasonic vibration impact vertical cutting force, scratch quality, and the material removal mechanism of sapphire wafers. We have tested four distinct feeding speeds, spanning from extremely slow (0.1 mm/s) to moderately fast (100 mm/s). We have analyzed the cutting force data and observed the scratch-induced microscopic features and thus got some insight into the deformation patterns attributed to the surface morphologies of sapphire. This experimental investigation validates that higher feeding speed with ultrasonic vibration can lead to better scratch quality with reduced microcrack formation.
Photopatternable Flexible Electromagnetic Polyimide/Cobalt Iron Oxide Composite Films for MEMS Applications
Authors: Akram Fazli , Guler Zeynel , Adaval Akanksha , Janardhana Ranjith D. , Jackson Nathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Piezoelectric composite films are progressively pursued for Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications due to their adaptable nature. HD-4100 polyimide, renowned for its thermal resilience, mechanical robustness, and photopatternability, emerges as a promising matrix material for MEMS composites. Polyimides provide fundamental insulation and structural support across numerous industries, including MEMS. The addition of CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles to HD-4100 matrices has potential to enhance their magnetic characteristics. This study investigates the manufacturing of HD-4100/CFO composites through spin coating and photolithography techniques. The investigation aims to enhance the resolution of HD-4100 composite thin-films containing 5 wt.% CFO nanoparticles under different UV exposure intensities (UVexp = 160–400 mJ/cm2) and developer time (DT = 1 and 2 min). Results demonstrate resolutions of features with &lt; 20 μm were achieved. Furthermore, a magnetic response of 52 Gauss signifies notable enhancement as pristine polyimide has 0 Gauss response. These perceptions pointed out the potential role of enhancing the performance of HD-4100/CFO composite thin-films across diverse technological domains. Examining the skilled balance between chemical processing technique and optical precision, this research catalyzes advanced technological innovation. The outcomes contribute substantially to the continual advancement and integration of MEMS technology into various applications, promising the development of high-performance devices with enhanced functionality and reliability.
Thermal and Optical Analysis of a Light Engine With Multi Color and Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Islam Md Shafiqul , Arik Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Light Emitting diodes have been of interest for general lighting applications over the last two decades due to energy savings, color quality and long lifetime. Moreover, due to unique features such as multi color and compactness, human centric lighting and agricultural applications started being more popular than ever. In this study, thermal and optical analysis have been performed computationally with a view to developing a multi color LED light engine. The incorporation of ultraviolet (UV) LED chips makes it unique in many ways. For the application, the primary focus of this light engine is agricultural applications, especially animal or bird lighting. Hence, a mixture of red (R). green (G), blue (B), white (W) LED chips along with UV chips are required for providing a wide range of spectrum and to prevent or control diseases in some cases. Thermal investigation shows that the chip spacing affects the junction temperature of the LED package, and 1 mm wider chip spacing can reduce the temperature by 0.65% based on numerical models. Another model consisting of hexagonal chips shows higher performance. The reduction of junction temperature for this honeycomb approach is around 1.5% for 1 mm wider spacing. The diameter of the board also affects the maximum junction temperature and results showed that a 40 mm board can reduce temperature by 0.35% compared to a 35 mm board. Apart from thermal analysis, optical investigation has also been carried out. Since the current model is a miniature LED light engine, a detector of smaller area can capture the optical properties better than a large detector. A 10 ft × 10 ft plane provides better incoherent illuminance than larger detectors in this study. The value of luminance in angle space is also found to be larger for the smaller detector. From Speos simulation, 1931 CIE color coordinates have been obtained for R, G, B and RGBW LED chip combinations.