bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genuine Trivalent Bis‐Acylphosphide (BAP) Complex of Uranium
Authors: Hochholzer Jakob , Waldschmidt Pablo , Heinemann Frank W. , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Meyer Karsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe genuine trivalent uranium complex, K[UIII(mesBAP)4], employing four bidentate bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphide (mesBAP) chelating ligands, is reported and obtained by the reduction of the literature‐known tetravalent analog [UIV(mesBAP)4]. Hence, the bis(acyl)phosphide mesBAP ligand allowed to establish a fully reversible redox couple with uranium in the oxidation states +III and +IV. In both complexes [U(mesBAP)4]0/−, the uranium ions are coordinated to four mesBAP ligands in a square antiprismatic geometry. All new compounds have been characterized by single‐crystal XRD analysis, 1H and 31P NMR, and UV/Vis/NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy, as well as SQUID magnetization and electrochemical measurements, and CW X‐band EPR in the case of the trivalent complex.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Steroidal Products: Recent Advances
Authors: Zheng Mengmeng , Lin Zhi , Lin Shuangjun , Qu Xudong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of steroidal products has garnered sustained interest due to their versatile bioactivities and physicochemical properties in pharmaceutics. However, the complicated structure of steroids, especially their highly oxygenated skeleton, has presented significant challenges. Benefitted from recent advancements in bioinformatics, genetics, and enzyme engineering, chemoenzymatic strategy combines the flexibility of chemical synthesis with the high regio‐ and stereo‐selectivity of biocatalysis, being an effective approach for the concise synthesis of natural products. In this concept, we review and discuss the recent advances in chemoenzymatic approaches for efficient synthesis of steroids and their analogs, as well as future research opportunities and challenges.
Simultaneous determination of cystine and other free aminothiols in blood plasma using capillary electrophoresis with pH‐mediated stacking
Authors: Ivanov Alexander Vladimirovich , Popov Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Aleksandrin ValeryVasil'evich , Pudova Polina Alexandrovna , Galdobina Maria Pavlovna , Metelkin Arkady Andreevich , Kruglova Maria Petrovna , Maslennikov Ruslan Andreevich , Silina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Stupin Victor Aleksandrovich , Kubatiev Aslan Amirkhanovich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe developed a method of sensitive capillary electrophoresis using UV detection for the determination of certain free aminothiols (reduced cysteinylglycine (rCysGly), cysteine (rCys), glutathione (rGln), and cystine (CysS) in human blood plasma. The reduced thiols were derivatized with N‐ethylmaleimide. The plasma was purified from proteins via ultrafiltration. Electrophoretic separation was performed using 115 mM Na phosphate with 7.5% (v/v) polyethylene glycol 600, pH 2.3. The in‐capillary concentration of the analytes was achieved with a pH gradient created via the preinjection of triethanolamine and postinjection of phosphoric acid. The separation was carried out using a silica capillary (50 µm i.d.; total/effective separation length 42/35 cm) at a 25 kV voltage. The total analysis/regeneration time was 18 min. The quantification limits varied from 1.3 µM (rCysGly) to 5.4 µM (CysS). The accuracy was 95%–99%, and the repeatability and reproducibility were approximately 1.8%–3.8% and 1.9%–5.0%, respectively. An analysis of plasma samples from healthy volunteers (N = 41) showed that the mean levels of rCysGly, rCys, rGln, and CysS were 1.64, 10.6, 2.58, and 46.2 µM, respectively.
Experimental study on the quantitative evaluation of the thermal stability performance and heat insulation characteristics of fire‐fighting foam
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Jiang Xuepeng , Yang Chaojun , Wang Dezheng , Zhou Biao , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFoam extinguishing agents are crucial for the suppression of flammable liquid fires. Their thermal stability performance and heat insulation characteristics are critical indicators to evaluate the efficiency of the fire‐fighting foam. There have been some studies focused on exploring the behavior of fire‐fighting foams exposed to radiant heating. However, the decay mechanisms and heat transfer behaviors of the foam at the micro‐scale are still unclear and require further clarification. Therefore, in this study, the volume reduction coefficient, falling time of foam column height, and the temperature profiles of the foam layer under the thermal radiation environment of different conditions are discussed. The results indicate that the high temperature generated by the radiative heat flux will accelerate the collapse rate of the foam layer. The stability of the foam structure will be seriously damaged. There is a relationship between heat radiation intensity and foam attenuation coefficient. The empirical model for reflecting the fire‐fighting foam collapse process under the fire environment with high heat radiation flux is modified. Moreover, the average collapse rate and temperature difference gradient are used to characterize the thermal stability performance and heat insulation characteristics of the foam. Analysis of the micro‐scale foam structure parameters from the foam scans has revealed that the thermal stability performance and heat insulation characteristics of the foam are stronger when the surface tension of the foam is within the range of 17.4–20.4 mN/m.
Analysis of immune‐related adverse events in gastrointestinal malignancy patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Niu Chengu , Zhu Kaiwen , Zhang Jing , Joshi Utsav , Liu Hongli , Zahid Salman , Jadhav Nagesh , Okolo Patrick I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors are becoming an increasingly common treatment for advanced gastrointestinal cancer, but the possibility of immune‐related adverse events has raised concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the risks of immune‐related adverse events between patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors and those who received chemotherapy among different types of gastrointestinal cancer. The study utilized data from the multicenter TriNetX database in the United States covering the period between 2015 and 2022. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the relative hazard of immune‐related adverse events based on comparing time‐to‐event rates. Our study revealed that the incidence of immune‐related adverse events was significantly higher in patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy compared to those who received chemotherapy only in treating gastrointestinal cancer. CTLA‐4 inhibitors tended to have a higher rate of immune‐related adverse events compared to PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors. Our study found a lower mortality rate among patients who developed immune‐related adverse events compared to those who did not after propensity score matching (HR, 0.661; 95% CI 0.620–0.704; p < .01). We provide important real‐world data on the incidence and impact of immune‐related adverse events in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our study's results support clinicians in making informed decisions about the potential benefits and risks of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Novel mutation in EFEMP1 identified from two Chinese POAG families differentially activated endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and induced glaucoma in mouse
Authors: Xiao Xiaoqiang , Chen Chong‐Bo , Wu Zhenggen , Ye Yuhang , Deng Fang , Cao Yingjie , Liu Pingting , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrimary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma. Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified two independent families diagnosed as POAG from the China with a novel EFEMP1 variant (Exon3, c.175A>C p.Met59Leu); Three previously reported variants c.1160G>A p.R387Q, c.1189T>C p.Y397H, and c.1429C>T p.R477C in EFEPM1 from 55 sporadic POAG individuals were also identified. The variant c.175A>C p.Met59Leu co‐segregated with the disease phenotype within the families. Immunoprecipitation and western blot assays showed that all three EFEMP1 mutants (p.Met59Leu, pArg140Trp, pArg345Trp) increased intracellular protein aggregations, and pMet59Leu and pArg140Arg also enhanced their extracellular proteins secretion, compared to WT in HEK293T. The differential regulations to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers ATF4, GPR78/94, and CHOP, and differential phosphorylation activations to CREB at Ser133, AKT at Ser473, p44/42 at Thr202/Tyr204, and STAT3 at Tyr705, were also detected among the mutants and WT. Finally, we revealed a significant increment of intraocular pressure and obvious reduction of RGC cells at the sixth week following intravitreal injection of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) expressing in pMet59Leu compared to WT and GFP controls. Together, variant c.175A>C p.Met59Leu in EFEMP1 is pathogenic and different mutants in EFEMP1 triggered distinct signaling pathways, explaining the reason of mutation‐dependent disease phenotypes of EFEMP1.
The utility of mechanical objects: Aiding students' learning of abstract and difficult engineering concepts
Authors: Mitropoulos Tanya , Bairaktarova Diana , Huxtable Scott 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundUndergraduate students consistently struggle with mastering concepts related to thermodynamics. Prior work has shown that haptic technology and intensive hands‐on workshops help improve learning outcomes relative to traditional lecture‐based thermodynamics instruction. The current study takes a more feasible approach to improving thermal understanding by incorporating simple mechanical objects into individual problem‐solving exercises.Purpose/HypothesesThis study tests the impact of simple mechanical objects on learning outcomes (specifically, problem‐solving performance and conceptual understanding) for third‐year undergraduate engineering students in a thermodynamics course across a semester.Design/MethodDuring the semester, 119 engineering students in two sections of an undergraduate thermodynamics course completed three 15‐min, self‐guided problem‐solving tasks, one section without and the other with a simple and relevant physical object. Performance on the tasks and improvements in thermodynamics comprehension (measured via Thermal and Transport Concept Inventory scores) were compared between the two sections.ResultsStudents who had a simple, relevant object available to solve three thermodynamics problems consistently outperformed their counterparts without objects, although only to statistical significance when examining the simple effects for the third problem. At the end of the semester, students who had completed the tasks with the objects displayed significantly greater improvements in thermodynamics comprehension than their peers without the relevant object. Higher mechanical aptitude facilitated the beneficial effect of object availability on comprehension improvements.ConclusionFindings suggest that the incorporation of simple mechanical objects into active learning exercises in thermodynamics curricula could facilitate student learning in thermodynamics and potentially other abstract domains.
Is preoperative pancreatic juice cytology useful for determining therapeutic strategies for patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas?
Authors: Nagayama Rintaro , Ueki Toshiharu , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Hijioka Susumu , Nakamura Masafumi , Kitano Masayuki , Hara Kazuo , Masamune Atsushi , Kin Toshifumi , Hanada Keiji , Koshita Shinsuke , Yamada Reiko , Takenaka Mamoru , Itoi Takao , Yanagisawa Akio , Otuka Takao , Hirono Seiko , Kanno Atsushi , Ideno Noboru , Kuwahara Takamichi , Shimizu Akinori , Kamata Ken , Asai Yasutsugu , Takeyama Yoshifumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the results of preoperative pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) and final pathological diagnosis after resection in patients who underwent resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas to determine whether preoperative PJC can help determine therapeutic strategies.MethodsOf 1130 patients who underwent surgical resection IPMN at 11 Japanese tertiary institutions, the study included 852 patients who underwent preoperative PJC guided by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).ResultsThe accuracy of preoperative PJC for differentiation between cancerous and noncancerous lesions were 55% for IPMN overall; 59% for the branch duct type; 49% for the main pancreatic duct type; 53% for the mixed type, respectively. On classifying IPMN according to the diameters of the mural nodule (MN) and main pancreatic duct (MPD), the corresponding values for diagnostic performance were 40% for type 1 (MN ≥5 mm and MPD ≥ 10 mm); 46% for type 2 (MN ≥5 mm and MPD < 10 mm); 61% for type 3 (MN < 5 mm and MPD ≥ 10 mm); 72% for type 4 (MN < 5 mm and MPD < 10 mm), respectively.ConclusionsPJC in IPMN is not a recommended examination because of its low overall sensitivity and no significant difference in diagnostic performance by type, location, or subclassification. Although the sensitivity is low, the positive predictive value is high, so we suggest that pancreatic juice cytology be performed only in cases where the patient is not sure about surgery.
Oxidation of the 1‐naphthyl radical C10H7• with oxygen: Thermochemistry, kinetics, and possible reaction pathways
Authors: Sebbar Nadia , Bockhorn Henning , Trimis Dimosthenis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe reaction of the 1‐naphthyl radical C10H7• (A2•) with molecular (3O2) and atomic oxygen, as part of the oxidation reactions of naphthalene, is examined using ab‐initio and DFT quantum chemistry calculations. The study focuses on pathways that produce the intermediate final products CO, phenyl and C2H2, which may constitute a repetitive reaction sequence for the successive diminution of six‐membered rings also in larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The primary attack of 3O2 on the 1‐naphthyl radical leads to a peroxy radical C10H7OO• (A2OO•), which undergoes further propagation and/or chain branching reactions. The thermochemistry of intermediates and transition state structures is investigated as well as the identification of all plausible reaction pathways for the A2• + O2 / A2• + O systems. Structures and enthalpies of formation for the involved species are reported along with transition state barriers and reaction pathways. Standard enthalpies of formation are calculated using ab initio (CBS‐QB3) and DFT calculations (B3LYP, M06, APFD). The reaction of A2• with 3O2 opens six main consecutive reaction channels with new ones not currently considered in oxidation mechanisms. The reaction paths comprise important exothermic chain branching reactions and the formation of unsaturated oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediates. The primary attack of 3O2 at the A2• radical has a well depth of some 50 kcal mol−1 while the six consecutive channels exhibit energy barriers below the energy of the A2• radical. The kinetic parameters of each path are determined using chemical activation analysis based on the canonical transition state theory calculations. The investigated reactions could serve as part of a comprehensive mechanism for the oxidation of naphthalene. The principal result from this study is that the consecutive reactions of the A2• radical, viz. the channels conducting to a phenyl radical C6H5•, CO2, CO (which oxidized to CO2) and C2H2 are by orders of magnitude faster than the activation of naphthalene by oxygen (A2 + O2 → A2• + HO2).
Rainfall–runoff process and sediment yield in response to different types of terraces and their characteristics: A case study of runoff plots in Zhangjiachong watershed, China
Authors: Meng Xianmeng , Zhu Yan , Shi Ruohui , Yin Maosheng , Liu Dengfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the Zhangjiachong watershed to analyze the characteristics of rainfall–runoff process and sediment yield under different types of terraces. Various runoff plots were utilized, and a two serial tank model was employed to simulate runoff generation and concentration processes, taking into account vegetation interception. A soil erosion model incorporating raindrop erosion and sheet erosion was established to replicate sediment yield and concentration process. The parameters of the rainfall–runoff model and soil erosion model were calibrated and validated using observed runoff and sediment yield data. The controlling factors on runoff and sediment yield were explored and compared. The results indicate that both calibration and validation outcomes were acceptable. The earth‐banked terraces–citrus demonstrated the largest coefficients of upper and lower surface runoff, while its upper runoff threshold of the upper tank and the runoff threshold of the lower tank were the lowest, suggesting that it was more likely to produce surface and subsurface runoff. On the other hand, the stone dike terraces–crops exhibited the smallest coefficients of upper and lower surface runoff, while its upper runoff threshold of the upper tank was the highest. The lower runoff threshold of the upper tank was the same across different types of terraces. Compared to the earth‐banked terraces, the stone dike terraces have a larger infiltration coefficient in the upper tank and a smaller infiltration coefficient in the lower tank. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most sensitive factors affecting runoff simulation results are the runoff threshold and the infiltration coefficient of the lower tank. Terraces, whether constructed with earth banks or stone dikes, are effective in reducing soil erosion. However, during storm rainfall events, these terraces may be partially destroyed, resulting in a higher sediment yield than that of the same vegetation cover on slope land. Terraces with hedgerows have a more significant effect on reducing runoff and sediment than those without hedgerows.
Rill investigation on landslide scar highlights the shortcomings of current knowledge on erosion of shallow landslides
Authors: Tang Bingzhe , Jiao Juying , Chen Yixian , Liang Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWidespread shallow landslides typically result in the loss of productive soils and grasslands. Deposits of landslide tails have received much attention, while the severity of rill erosion on the landslide scar is generally neglected or underestimated. Thirty‐five rainfall‐induced shallow landslides were selected on Lishi (finer texture) and Malan loess (coarser texture) on the hilly and gully Loess Plateau, China. The rill erosion intensity and rill morphological parameters of these landslide scars were measured by on‐site investigation 3 years after the landslides. Landslide characteristics were investigated by unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, and soil properties were also evaluated. We found that landslide scars suffered rill erosion for more than 8 years after landslides. Rill erosion intensities of the Lishi (22.91 × 103 t km−2) and Malan landslides (16.90 × 103 t km−2) in 3 years occupied 11.43% of the landslide deposit amounts. The structural equation model demonstrated that catchment area, soil bulk density, soil organic matter, water stable aggregate content (WSA), and sand content explained 87% of the variance in rill intensity through paths of rill depth, width, and distribution. Additionally, the negative effect of rill distribution on rill depth led to the unusual result that coarse soils with low WSA had low rill erosion intensities. In summary, the rill erosion of shallow landslide scars reached a non‐negligible value. The effect of initial rill distribution masked the effect of soil properties on rill intensity. Therefore, this study casts fresh insight into the sediment source of landslides, increasing theoretical support for landslide control strategies.
Building a regional pediatric asthma learning health system in support of optimal, equitable outcomes
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Seid Michael , McDowell Karen M. , Udoko Mfonobong , Cronin Susan C. , Makrozahopoulos Dimitrios , Powers Tricia , Fairbanks Sonja , Prideaux Jonelle , Vaughn Lisa M. , Hente Elizabeth , Thurmond Sophia , Unaka Ndidi I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionAsthma is characterized by preventable morbidity, cost, and inequity. We sought to build an Asthma Learning Health System (ALHS) to coordinate regional pediatric asthma improvement activities.MethodsWe generated quantitative and qualitative insights pertinent to a better, more equitable care delivery system. We used electronic health record data to calculate asthma hospitalization rates for youth in our region. We completed an “environmental scan” to catalog the breadth of asthma‐related efforts occurring in our children's hospital and across the region. We supplemented the scan with group‐level assessments and focus groups with parents, clinicians, and community partners. We used insights from this descriptive epidemiology to inform the definition of shared aims, drivers, measures, and prototype interventions.ResultsGreater Cincinnati's youth are hospitalized for asthma at a rate three times greater than the U.S. average. Black youth are hospitalized at a rate five times greater than non‐Black youth. Certain neighborhoods bear the disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity. Across Cincinnati, there are many asthma‐relevant activities that seek to confront this morbidity; however, efforts are largely disconnected. Qualitative insights highlighted the importance of cross‐sector coordination, evidence‐based acute and preventive care, healthy homes and neighborhoods, and accountability. These insights also led to a shared, regional aim: to equitably reduce asthma‐related hospitalizations. Early interventions have included population‐level pattern recognition, multidisciplinary asthma action huddles, and enhanced social needs screening and response.ConclusionLearning health system methods are uniquely suited to asthma's complexity. Our nascent ALHS provides a scaffold atop which we can pursue better, more equitable regional asthma outcomes.
Hear all parties: Peer effect of digital transformation on long‐term firm investment in China
Authors: Chang Kai , Li Jing , Xiao Lianjie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study explores the increasing significance of digital transformation and its peer effects as key factors influencing the efficiency of long‐term firm investment. A complete digital transformation dictionary is established in this study containing 179 keywords; the frequency of digital‐transformation‐related words is determined using textual mining technology and a reverse maximum matching algorithm. The effects of digital transformation, including peer effect, on long‐term firm investment are investigated using firm‐level panel data analysis. Our empirical findings demonstrate an increase in firms' digital transformation from 2011 to 2020. Digital transformation appears to significantly reduce long‐term firm investment. Industrial peers' digital transformation prohibits a focal firm's long‐term investment, marking a noteworthy divergence from the financial heterogeneous features of focal and peer firms. The digital transformation of industrial peers positively affects the long‐term investment of focal firms by promoting an equity investment structure and an asset‐light operation strategy.