bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing ceramic hydroxyapatite as an effective polishing strategy to remove product- and process-related impurities in bispecific antibody purification
Authors: Ingavat Nattha , Wang Xinhui , Liew Jia Min , Mahfut Farouq Bin , But Ka Pui , Kok Yee Jiun , Bi Xuezhi , Yang Yuansheng , Shintaro Kobayashi , Tsoumpra Maria , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBispecific antibody (bsAb), a novel therapeutic modality, provides excellent treatment efficacy, yet poses numerous challenges to downstream process development, which are mainly due to the intricate diversity of bsAb structures and impurity profiles. Ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT), a mixed-mode medium, allows proteins to interact with its calcium sites (C-sites) through metal affinity and/or its phosphate sites (P-sites) through cation exchange interactions. This dual-binding capability potentially offers unique bind and elute behaviours for different proteins of interest, resulting in optimal product purity when suitable elution conditions are employed. In this study, the effectiveness of CHT as a polishing step for bsAb purification was investigated across three model molecules and benchmarked against the traditional cation exchange chromatography (CEX). For both asymmetric and symmetric IgG-like bsAb post Protein A eluates, at least 97% product purity was achieved after CHT polishing. CHT delivered a superior aggregate clearance to CEX, resulting in low high molecular weight (HMW) impurities (0.5%) and low process-related impurities in the product pools. Moreover, CHT significantly mitigated "chromatography-induced aggregation" whereas eightfold more HMW was generated by CEX. This study illustrated the developability of CHT in effectively eliminating low molecular weight (LMW) impurities through post-load-wash (PLW) optimization, resulting in an additional reduction of up to 48% in LMW impurities. A mechanistic explanation regarding the performance of impurity removal and mitigation of the chromatography-induced aggregation by CHT was proposed, illustrating unique CHT capability is potentially driven by C-site cooperation, of which effectiveness could depend on the bsAb composition and size.
Graphical abstract
Modified Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy Exposure Method for Adults With Spastic Paralysis of the Lower Limbs
Authors: Pu Ke , Xu Rui , Han Guoqing , Liu Jiawen , Liu Xin , Yin Miaomiao , Li Qingguo 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Spinal deformities are a common complication after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). In this article, we introduce a more minimally invasive SDR procedure in adult patients with spastic paralysis of the lower limbs.

METHODS:
In this retrospective analysis of SDR in 8 adult patients with spastic paralysis of the lower limbs, a modified exposure method was used during the surgery. Only the lower part of the L1 spinous process, upper part of the L2 spinous process, and part of the lamina were resected through L1–2 interlaminar approaches. The motor and sensory roots were found to be completely dependent on electrophysiological monitoring. The sensory roots of the target muscle groups were partially transected. All patients were followed up for 2–4 years. The degree of lower extremity spasm was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification Scale, Ashworth grading, Gross Motor Function Measure-66, joint range of motion, and electromyography analysis.

RESULTS:
All 8 patients were successfully operated with the help of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. The Ashworth score of the target muscles, Gross Motor Function Measure-66 score, and range of motion of the joints improved significantly after surgery. Two patients achieved cross-grade improvement in their Gross Motor Function Classification Scale scores. No persistent incision pain or spinal deformities were observed during follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
The interspinous process approach provides sufficient surgical space and reduced the damage to the bone structure of the spine. The electrophysiological monitoring protocol is suitable for adult patients with lower extremity spasm.
Counting and Enumerating Optimum Cut Sets for Hypergraph k-Partitioning Problems for Fixed k
Authors: Beideman Calvin , Chandrasekaran Karthekeyan , Wang Weihang 
Published: December 2023

We consider the problem of enumerating optimal solutions for two hypergraph k-partitioning problems, namely, Hypergraph-k-Cut and Minmax-Hypergraph-k-Partition. The input in hypergraph k-partitioning problems is a hypergraph [Formula: see text] with positive hyperedge costs along with a fixed positive integer k. The goal is to find a partition of V into k nonempty parts [Formula: see text]—known as a k-partition—so as to minimize an objective of interest. (1) If the objective of interest is the maximum cut value of the parts, then the problem is known as Minmax-Hypergraph-k-Partition. A subset of hyperedges is a minmax-k-cut-set if it is the subset of hyperedges crossing an optimum k-partition for Minmax-Hypergraph-k-Partition. (2) If the objective of interest is the total cost of hyperedges crossing the k-partition, then the problem is known as Hypergraph-k-Cut. A subset of hyperedges is a min-k-cut-set if it is the subset of hyperedges crossing an optimum k-partition for Hypergraph-k-Cut. We give the first polynomial bound on the number of minmax-k-cut-sets and a polynomial-time algorithm to enumerate all of them in hypergraphs for every fixed k. Our technique is strong enough to also enable an [Formula: see text]-time deterministic algorithm to enumerate all min-k-cut-sets in hypergraphs, thus improving on the previously known [Formula: see text]-time deterministic algorithm, in which n is the number of vertices and p is the size of the hypergraph. The correctness analysis of our enumeration approach relies on a structural result that is a strong and unifying generalization of known structural results for Hypergraph-k-Cut and Minmax-Hypergraph-k-Partition. We believe that our structural result is likely to be of independent interest in the theory of hypergraphs (and graphs). Funding: All authors were supported by NSF AF 1814613 and 1907937.
Design of an IMI optical 2 × 4 decoder circuit based on square disk resonators
Authors: Turki Murtadha F. , Al-Tamimi Haydar M. 
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the design of a 2×4 decoder that was developed by using the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with the COMSOL version 5.5 software. Insulator–metal–insulator (IMI) waveguides with four substructures were used in the fabrication of the plasmonic decoder. Gold is used as a conducting material. This is a challenge for us, while Teflon is used as a dielectric material in the fabrication process. The dimensions of this part are 1090 nm by 400 nm. At an operating wavelength of 1550 nm, the transmission threshold (Tthreshold) of this scheme has been determined to be 10%. In order to assess the effectiveness of the plasmonic decoder, it is recommended that the modulation depth (MD), contrast ratio (CR), and insertion loss (IL) parameters be carried out. Both the highest values of CR and MD are 12.33 decibels, and the maximum value of MD is 99.96%. It is because of these qualities that this work is distinguished from earlier works.
Towards high-sensitivity and high-accuracy forward Brillouin scattering-based optomechanical temperature sensing in thin-diameter fibers
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Han , Li Yichun , Gao Song , Zhu Mengshi , Wei Heming , Pang Fufei , Wang Tingyun 
Published: December 2023

We numerically and experimentally demonstrated a high-sensitivity and high-accuracy temperature sensor based on guided acoustic radial modes of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS)-based optomechanics in thin-diameter fibers (TDF). The dependence of the FSBS-involved electrostrictive force on the fiber diameter is systematically investigated. As the diameters of the fiber core and cladding decrease, the intrinsic frequency of each activated acoustic mode and corresponding FSBS gain are expected to be accordingly increased, which benefits the significant enhancement of its temperature sensitivity as well as the optimization of the measurement accuracy. In validations, by utilizing TDFs with fiber diameters of 80 µm and 60 µm, the proof-of-concept experiments proved that sensitivities of the TDF-based FSBS temperature sensor with radial modes from R0,4 to R0,15 increased from 35.23 kHz/°C to 130.38 kHz/°C with an interval of 8.74 kHz/°C. The minimum measurement error (i.e., 0.15 °C) of the temperature sensor with the 60 µm-TDF is 2.5 times lower than that of the 125 µm-SSMF (i.e., 0.39 °C). The experimental and simulated results are consistent with theoretical predictions. It is believed that the proposed approach with high sensitivity and accuracy could find potential in a wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring, chemical engineering, and cancer detection in human beings.
Do people with disabilities experience disparities in cancer care? A systematic review
Authors: Tosetti Irene , Kuper Hannah 
Published: December 2023

Background
Over 1.3 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population, live with some form of disability. Recent studies have reported that people with disabilities (PwD) might not be receiving state-of-the-art treatment for cancer as their non-disabled peers; our objective was to systematically review this topic.

Methods
A systematic review was undertaken to compare cancer outcomes and quality of cancer care between adults with and without disabilities (NIHR Prospero register ID number: CRD42022281506). A search of the literature was performed in July 2022 across five databases: EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. Peer-reviewed quantitative research articles, published in English from 2000 to 2022, with interventional or observational study designs, comparing cancer outcomes between a sample of adult patients with disabilities and a sample without disabilities were included. Studies focused on cancer screening and not treatment were excluded, as well as editorials, commentaries, opinion papers, reviews, case reports, case series under 10 patients and conference abstracts. Studies were evaluated by one reviewer for risk of bias based on a set of criteria according to the SIGN 50 guidelines. A narrative synthesis was conducted according to the Cochrane SWiM guidelines, with tables summarizing study characteristics and outcomes. This research received no external funding.

Results
Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review. Compared to people without disabilities, PwD had worse cancer outcomes, in terms of poorer survival and higher overall and cancer-specific mortality. There was also evidence that PwD received poorer quality cancer care, including lower access to state-of-the-art care or curative-intent therapies, treatment delays, undertreatment or excessively invasive treatment, worse access to in-hospital services, less specialist healthcare utilization, less access to pain medications and inadequate end-of-life quality of care.

Discussion
Limitations of this work include the exclusion of qualitative research, no assessment of publication bias, selection performed by only one reviewer, results from high-income countries only, no meta-analysis and a high risk of bias in 15% of included studies. In spite of these limitations, our results show that PwD often experience severe disparities in cancer care with less guideline-consistent care and higher mortality than people without disabilities. These findings raise urgent questions about how to ensure equitable care for PwD; in order to prevent avoidable morbidity and mortality, cancer care programs need to be evaluated and urgently improved, with specific training of clinical staff, more disability inclusive research, better communication and shared decision-making with patients and elimination of physical, social and cultural barriers.
A combination of oxygenation and driving pressure can provide valuable information in predicting the risk of mortality in ARDS patients
Authors: Yu Yu-Yi , Ou Wei-Fan , Wu Jia-Jun , Hsu Han-Shui , Wu Chieh-Laing , Yang Kuang-Yao , Chan Ming-Cheng 
Published: December 2023

Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common life-threatening condition in critically ill patients. Itis also an important public health issue because it can cause substantial mortality and health care burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate therisk factors that impact ARDS mortality in a medical center in Taiwan.

Methods
This was a single center, observational study thatretrospectively analyzed data from adults in 6 intensive care units (ICUs) at Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from 1st October, 2018to30th September, 2019. Patients needing invasive mechanical ventilation and meeting the Berlin definition criteria were included for analysis.

Results
A total of 1,778 subjects were screened in 6 adult ICUs and 370 patients fulfilled the criteria of ARDS in the first 24 hours of the ICU admission. Among these patients, the prevalenceof ARDS was 20.8% and the overall hospital mortality rate was 42.2%. The mortality rates of mild, moderate and severe ARDS were 35.9%, 43.9% and 46.5%, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression model, combination of driving pressure (DP) > 14cmH2O and oxygenation (P/F ratio)≤150 was an independent predictor of mortality (OR2.497, 95% CI 1.201–5.191, p = 0.014). Patients with worse oxygenation and a higher driving pressure had the highest hospital mortality rate(p<0.0001).

Conclusions
ARDS is common in ICUs and the mortality rate remains high. Combining oxygenation and respiratory mechanics may better predict the outcomes of these ARDS patients.
Understanding Predictors of Fatigue Over Time in Persons With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Importance of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Bernstein Charles N. , Fisk John D. , Dolovich Casandra , Hitchon Carol A. , Graff Lesley A. , El-Gabalawy Renée , Lix Lisa M. , Bolton James M. , Patten Scott B. , Marrie Ruth Ann 
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Fatigue is a complex and frequent symptom in persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with detrimental impact. We aimed to determine predictors of fatigue over time.

METHODS:
Two hundred forty-seven adults with IBD participated in a prospective study conducted in Manitoba, Canada, providing data at baseline and annually for 3 years. Participants reported fatigue impact (Daily Fatigue Impact Scale [DFIS]), depression and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), and pain (Pain Effects Scale [PES]). Physician-diagnosed comorbidities, IBD characteristics, and physical and cognitive functioning were also assessed. We tested factors associated with fatigue using multivariable generalized linear models that estimated within-person and between-person effects.

RESULTS:
Most participants were women (63.2%), White (85.4%), and had Crohn's disease (62%). At baseline, 27.9% reported moderate-severe fatigue impact, 16.7% had clinically elevated anxiety (HADS-A ≥11), and 6.5% had clinically elevated depression (HADS-D ≥11). Overall fatigue burden was stable over time, although approximately half the participants showed improved or worsening fatigue impact between annual visits during the study. On multivariable analysis, participants with a one-point higher HADS-D score had, on average, a 0.63-point higher DFIS score, whereas participants with a one-point higher PES score had a 0.78-point higher DFIS score. Within individuals, a one-point increase in HADS-D scores was associated with 0.61-point higher DFIS scores, in HADS-A scores with 0.23-point higher DFIS scores, and in PES scores with 0.38-point higher DFIS scores. No other variables predicted fatigue.

DISCUSSION:
Anxiety, depression, and pain predicted fatigue impact over time in IBD, suggesting that targeting psychological factors and pain for intervention may lessen fatigue burden.
Incidence of pancreatic injury and pancreatitis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Hori Yasuki , Naitoh Itaru , Naiki-Ito Aya , Kawai Tatsuya , Yoshida Michihiro , Kato Akihisa , Kachi Kenta , Sahashi Hidenori , Adachi Akihisa , Toyohara Tadashi , Kito Yusuke , Yamamoto Tatsuhito , Takahashi Satoru , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being increasingly used to treat advanced malignancies. ICI-induced pancreatic injury (ICI-PI), which is an immune-related adverse event that may be a risk factor for ICI-associated pancreatitis, is not well documented in the literature.

METHODS:
Consecutive patients who received ICIs for advanced malignancies from August 2015 through October 2022 were analyzed with regard to the incidence of ICI-PI based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and ICI-associated pancreatitis. The imaging, clinical, and pathological findings of ICI-associated pancreatitis were also assessed.

RESULTS:
This study enrolled 843 patients. In multivariable analyses, dual or simultaneous immunotherapy and ≥10 cycles of ICI administration were significant predictive factors for all grades of pancreatic injury, including grade ≥ 3. Notably, patients who received simultaneous immunotherapy exhibited a higher incidence of grade ≥ 3 pancreatic injuries compared to those receiving asynchronous immunotherapy in univariable analysis (p = 0.032). One-fifth of the patients (16/70) with grade ≥ 3 pancreatic injuries had imaging evidence of pancreatitis similar to mild acute pancreatitis. ICI-associated pancreatitis was observed in 5.7% (48/843) of patients, including 1.8% (15/843) with moderate-to-severe pancreatitis (grade ≥ 2). Symptomatic cases (0.36%, 3/843) were treated with steroids with favorable outcomes. Immunohistochemistry for CD4 and CD8 revealed greater infiltration of CD8+ than CD4+ lymphocytes.

CONCLUSION:
Simultaneous immunotherapy and dual immunotherapy are risk factors for ICI-PI. Although most patients diagnosed with ICI-PI and ICI-associated pancreatitis were asymptomatic and had a low mortality likelihood, long-term outcomes, including endocrine and exocrine function should be carefully monitored.
Effects of particle size on determination of the contents of grain and legume dietary fibre and resistant starch
Authors: FERJANČIČ Blaž , KOROŠEC Mojca , PISKERNIK Saša , BERTONCELJ Jasna 
Published: December 2023

Dietary fibre comprises non˗digestible carbohydrates, including resistant starch, and lignin, and it is an important constituent of a healthy diet. The aim was to define the influence of particle size on contents determined for dietary fibre and resistant starch in unprocessed grain and canned legumes. Five samples of unprocessed and processed grains were analysed, as oatmeal, buckwheat, dehulled barley, wheat and spelt, and three canned legumes, as beans, chickpeas and peas, with and without their brine. Samples were initially milled unscreened, and then again through 500 μm or 350 μm screens. For unprocessed grain samples, there was generally no influence of particle size, except for the 350-μm milling of dehulled barley, with significantly decreased contents determined for insoluble dietary fibre and resistant starch presumably due to damaging of starch granules and disrupting crystalline formation of starch. For canned legumes with and without their brine, particle size had little effect on contents determined for dietary fibre and resistant starch.
Evidence-based cutoffs for total and adjusted calcium: a major factor in detecting severe hypo- and hypercalcemia
Authors: Schmidt Maria , Steinbach Daniel , Federbusch Martin , Tönjes Anke , Isermann Berend , Kaiser Thorsten , Eckelt Felix 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Severe hypo- and hypercalcemia are common and urgent treatment is recommended. Free calcium (fCa) is the gold standard but needs blood gas tests with challenging preanalytics. Total calcium (tCa) and calculated adjusted calcium (aCa) are readily available, but their interpretation is hampered by identical tCa and aCa cutoffs, laborious local aCa calculation and difficult comparability of calcium biomarkers.

Methods
Laboratory results from University Medicine Leipzig were evaluated over a five-year period (236,274 patients). A local aCa equation was derived by linear least squares regression, the agreement between fCa, tCa and aCa assessed with Cohen’s κ and decision thresholds derived by this indirect method.

Results
The local aCa equation was created from data of 9,756 patients, each with one paired measurement of tCa, fCa and albumin. Derived aCa cutoffs (1.95/3.15 mmol/L) differ markedly from derived tCa cutoffs (1.6/2.9 mmol/L) and severe hypo- and hypercalcemia can be more accurately assessed by aCa (κ=0.489, 0.812) than by tCa (κ=0.445, 0.744). Comparing our approach to standard care (tCa, literature cutoff), a total 3,250 of 3,680 (88.3 %) misclassified measurements were correctly classified when using aCa with evidence-based cutoffs.

Conclusions
Optimized cutoffs for aCa and tCa hold great potential for improved patient care. Locally derived aCa equations differ mostly in the chosen mean normal calcium and provide minimal overall improvement, but entail a close examination of the used cutoffs before application.
Simulating auditory nerve fiber response following micro-electrode stimulation
Authors: Wenger Cornelia , Fellner Andreas , Bucek Fred , Werginz Paul , Rattay Frank 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The cochlear implant was the first effective and is still the most common neuroprosthetic device which is employed for people with severe to profound hearing loss. To restore auditory perception, an array of micro-electrodes that deliver electrical pulses to the auditory nerve is surgically implanted into the lower cochlea duct, the scala tympani (ST). However, implantation into the upper cavity, the scala vestibuli (SV) has been tested due to severe anatomical obstruction or ossification of the ST. Clinical results revealed similar performance and thresholds for SV and ST cochlear implant users. We present a simulation study of auditory nerve fibre response to monophasic stimulation of both polarities. Excitation profiles are compared for microelectrodes placed in the SV and equivalent positions in the ST. In total, 7 different electrode positions for 4 different fibres have been investigated in a homogenous 2D model. Results for the intact fibres predict generally higher anodic thresholds in comparison to cathodic stimulation at the same electrode position and mostly lower thresholds for the SV electrodes in comparison to their ST counterparts. In contrast, anodic thresholds are mostly lower than cathodic thresholds for the degenerated fibres. Furthermore, due to the increased electrode-fibre distance for degenerate fibres which have completely lost the dendrite, SV stimulation is less beneficial. However, for basal fibres and the clinically relevant mid scala placement of the electrode the typically high thresholds remain similar for ST and SV positions.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Water Level Tank and Human Fluid Flow
Authors: Lozanović Jasmina , Polz Mathias , Rienmüller Theresa Margarethe , Langthaler Sonja , Ziesel Daniel , Schröttner Jörg , Baumgartner Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fluid flow in the human body can be modeled using a water-level tank, a commonly used mechanistic approach in mechanical engineering for fluid transport processes. Postoperative fluid data from patients undergoing cardiac surgery is used to estimate fluid flow dynamics and total body water in the human body. This simplified model provide a basic understanding of the dynamics of fluid flow processes in the human body and could aid in modeling distribution of fluids in compartments.