bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbaceous species and dry forest species have more acquisitive leaf traits than woody species and wet forest species
Authors: Matsuo Tomonari , van der Sande Masha T. , Amissah Lucy , Dabo Jonathan , Mohammed Abdul Salim , Poorter Lourens 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Life forms are key to understand the changes in species composition and vegetation types in space and with succession over time. We asked how life forms from dry and wet regions differ in their leaf traits and trait hyperspace (i.e. trait variation) in early tropical forest succession on abandoned agricultural fields.

We compared 324 early successional species from six life forms (herbs, grasses, vines, lianas, shrubs and trees) that occur in the first 5 years of succession on abandoned fields in Ghanaian wet and drought deciduous tropical forests. We measured 12 leaf traits that are important for carbon, water and nutrient use.

A principal component analysis showed that 46% of trait variation is captured by a two‐dimensional spectrum of plant form and function: a leaf economics spectrum underpinning fast‐slow growth strategies, and a leaf size spectrum related to plant size and heat balance, which underlie species sorting along environmental gradients in space and time (during succession). Herbaceous and woody life forms had different leaf economics strategies: herbaceous species had more acquisitive trait values (e.g. higher leaf nutrient concentrations) that increase resource capture and use efficiency whereas woody species had more conservative trait values (e.g. higher leaf mass per area) that increase resource conservation. Regardless of life forms, dry forest species and deciduous species had more acquisitive trait values than wet forest species and evergreen species as they maximize their growth during the shorter growing season. The trait hyperspace was larger for woody life forms especially in wet forests.

Synthesis. Herbaceous species had ‘faster’ leaf economics trait values and, hence, rapid carbon gain, explaining their success earlier in succession. In contrast, woody species had ‘slower’ resource conservation trait values that increase persistence, thus explaining their success later in succession. Deciduous species especially in a dry region had higher leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentration to attain faster carbon gain to cope with a seasonally harsh environment. The trait hyperspace was generally smaller in the dry forest, as there are more deciduous species, and as a result, there is less variation in leaf lifespan and associated traits.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Association of Medicaid expansion with health insurance, unmet need for medical care and substance use disorder treatment among people who inject drugs in 13 US states
Authors: Cooper Hannah , Beane Stephanie , Yarbrough Courtney , Haardörfer Regine , Ibragimov Umed , Haley Danielle , Linton Sabriya , Beletsky Leo , Landes Sarah , Lewis Rashunda , Peddireddy Snigdha , Sionean Catlainn , Cummings Janet ,   for the NHBS Study Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsImpoverished people who inject drugs (PWID) are at the epicenter of US drug‐related epidemics. Medicaid expansion is designed to reduce cost‐related barriers to care by expanding Medicaid coverage to all US adults living at or below 138% of the federal poverty line. This study aimed to measure whether Medicaid expansion is (1) positively associated with the probability that participants are currently insured; (2) inversely related to the probability of reporting unmet need for medical care due to cost in the past year; and (3) positively associated with the probability that they report receiving substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in the past year, among PWID subsisting at ≤ 138% of the federal poverty line.DesignA two‐way fixed‐effects model was used to analyze serial cross‐sectional observational data.SettingSeventeen metro areas in 13 US states took part in the study.ParticipantsParticipants were PWID who took part in any of the three waves (2012, 2015, 2018) of data gathered in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS), were aged ≤ 64 years and had incomes ≤ 138% of the federal poverty line. For SUD treatment analyses, the sample was further limited to PWID who used drugs daily, a proxy for SUD.MeasurementsState‐level Medicaid expansion was measured using Kaiser Family Foundation data. Individual‐level self‐report measures were drawn from the NHBS surveys (e.g. health insurance coverage, unmet need for medical care because of its cost, SUD treatment program participation).FindingsThe sample for the insurance and unmet need analyses consisted of 19 946 impoverished PWID across 13 US states and 3 years. Approximately two‐thirds were unhoused in the past year; 41.6% reported annual household incomes < $5000. In multivariable models, expansion was associated with a 19.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.0, 30.0] percentage‐point increase in the probability of insurance coverage, and a 9.0 (95% CI = −15.0, −0.2) percentage‐point reduction in the probability of unmet need. Expansion was unrelated to SUD treatment among PWID who used daily (n = 17 584).ConclusionsUS Medicaid expansion may curb drug‐related epidemics among impoverished people who inject drugs by increasing health insurance coverage and reducing unmet need for care. Persisting non‐financial barriers may undermine expansion’s impact upon substance use disorder treatment in this sample.
Surgeon reported measures of stress and anxiety prior to and after elective gynecological surgery
Authors: Budden Aaron K. , Song Sophia , Henry Amanda , Wakefield Claire E. , Abbott Jason A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionPerforming surgical procedures is a recognized source of stress for surgeons. Vocational stress is an important contributor to performance, patient care, and burnout with dispositional and environmental factors contributing. Accurately assessing surgeon stress is critical to measuring effectiveness of stress reduction programs. The primary aim was to identify differences between surgeons' self‐reported anticipated stress and anxiety prior to gynecological surgery, compared with their recollection of experienced stress and anxiety during surgery. Secondary aims assessed any differences by level of training, surgical type, and surgeon role.Material and methodsAttending and resident gynecologists performing routine elective surgeries completed a visual analog scale (VAS) assessing perceived stress and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) prior to and immediately after completing 161 elective surgeries including total laparoscopic hysterectomy, laparoscopic excision of moderate–severe endometriosis, or hysteroscopic myomectomy.ResultsEight attending gynecologists and nine residents participated. Residents commenced as primary surgeon in 62/90 (69%) procedures. Stress experienced during surgery was greater than anticipated in 92/161 (57%) surgery episodes (mean VAS increase: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.1–6.8, p = 0.009). State anxiety was greater than anticipated in 99/161 (62%) episodes (mean state anxiety increase: 4.4; 95% CI: 3.0–5.8, p < 0.001). Greater preprocedural anticipatory stress and anxiety was observed in residents vs. attending gynecologists (VAS 51.9 vs. 22.8, p < 0.001; state anxiety 38.3 vs. 28.1, p < 0.001) and in primary vs. assistant surgeons (VAS 47.2 vs. 29.9, p < 0.001; state anxiety 36.9 vs. 28.3, p < 0.001). Intraoperative stress and anxiety were greater in primary surgeons (VAS 50.4 vs. 30.5, p < 0.001; anxiety 41.3 vs. 32.5, p < 0.001) and residents (VAS 43.4 vs. 31.7, p < 0.001; anxiety 53.5 vs. 33.7, p < 0.001) compared with assistants and attending gynecologists. Perceived stress and anxiety were positively correlated at both timepoints (r = 0.68, p < 0.001; r = 0.82, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWhen asked to reflect on stress experienced during surgery, our data show that stress during surgery is greater than anticipated for many surgical episodes. Self‐reported stress symptoms commence prior to surgery and are more commonly reported by surgeons operating as primary surgeon and by those in training. Future research should focus on determinants of presurgical stress and examine when stressors become inhibitory to performance.
Prevention of obstetric anal sphincter injuries with perineal support and lateral episiotomy: A historical cohort study
Authors: Eggebø Torbjørn M. , Rygh Astrid Betten , von Brandis Phillip , Skjeldestad Finn Egil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere are many risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) and the interaction between these risk factors is complex and understudied. The many observational studies that have shown a reduction of OASIS rates after implementation of perineal support have short follow‐up time. We aimed to study the effect of integration of active perineal support and lateral episiotomy on OASIS rates over a 15‐year period and to study interactions between risk factors known before delivery.Material and methodsWe performed a historical cohort study over the periods 1999–2006 and 2007–2021 at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway. The main outcome was OASIS rates. Women without a previous cesarean section and a live singleton fetus in cephalic presentation at term were eligible. The department implemented in 2007 the Finnish concept of active perineal protection, which includes support of perineum, control of fetal expulsion, good communication with the mother and observation of perineal stretching. The practice of mediolateral episiotomy was replaced with lateral episiotomy when indicated. We analyzed the OASIS rates in groups with and without episiotomy stratified for delivery mode, fetal position at delivery and for parity, and adjusted for possible confounders (maternal age, gestational age, oxytocin augmentation and epidural analgesia).ResultsWe observed a long‐lasting reduction in OASIS rates from 4.9% to 1.9% and an increase in episiotomy rates from 14.4% to 21.8%. Lateral episiotomy was associated with lower OASIS rates in nulliparous women with instrumental vaginal deliveries and occiput anterior (OA) position; 3.4% vs 10.1% (OR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.24–0.40) and 6.1 vs 13.9% (OR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.82) in women with occiput posterior (OP) position. Lateral episiotomy was also associated with lower OASIS rates in nulliparous women with spontaneous deliveries and OA position; 2.1% vs 3.2% (OR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49–0.80). The possible confounders had little confounding effects on the risk of OASIS in groups with and without episiotomy.ConclusionsWe observed a long‐lasting reduction in OASIS rates after implementation of preventive procedures. Lateral episiotomy was associated with lower OASIS rates in nulliparous women with an instrumental delivery. Special attention should be paid to deliveries with persistent OP position.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabis‐based medicine in a patient population included in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Hansen Julie Schjødtz , Boix Fernando , Hasselstrøm Jørgen Bo , Sørensen Lambert Kristiansen , Kjolby Mads , Gustavsen Stefan , Hansen Rikke Middelhede , Petersen Thor , Sellebjerg Finn , Kasch Helge , Rasmussen Peter Vestergaard , Finnerup Nanna Brix , Sædder Eva Aggerholm , Svendsen Kristina Bacher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInformation on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orally administered cannabis‐based medicine (CBM) in capsule formulation in patient populations is sparse. In this exploratory study, we aimed to evaluate the PK and PD in a probable steady state of CBM in neuropathic pain and spasticity in a population of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Of 134 patients participating in a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, trial, 23 patients with MS (17 female) mean age 52 years (range 21–67) were enrolled in this substudy. They received oral capsules containing Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, n = 4), cannabidiol (CBD, n = 6), a combination (THC&CBD, n = 4), or placebo (n = 9). Maximum doses were 22.5 mg (THC) and 45 mg (CBD) a day divided into three administrations. PD parameters were evaluated for pain and spasticity. Blood samples were analyzed using an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer after protein precipitation and phospholipid removal. PK parameters were estimated using computerized modeling. The variation in daily dose and PK between individuals was considerable in a steady state, yet comparable with previous reports from healthy controls. Based on a simulation of the best model, the estimated PK parameters (mean) for THC (5 mg) were Cmax 1.21 ng/mL, Tmax 2.68 h, and half‐life 2.75 h, and for CBD (10 mg) were Cmax 2.67 ng/mL, Tmax 0.10 h, and half‐life 4.95 h, respectively. No effect was found on the PD parameters, but the placebo response was considerable. More immediate adverse events were registered in the active treatment groups compared with the placebo group.
Justice metamorphosis: Moving from reactive to proactive strategies to remotely protect families from intimate partner violence
Authors: Davis Alicia , Vandenberg Van Zee Sarah , Geiger Conor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote access to courts through e‐filing and virtual hearings. Concurrently, courts experienced an increase in intimate partner violence cases due in part to heightened stress during the pandemic. Virtual technology became crucial for individuals seeking relief from harm when traditional support systems were limited. However, remote proceedings lack the personal connection found in‐person, making it challenging to handle complex cases involving parenting and intimate partner violence. Courts must strike a balance between protecting parents and children from abuse and ensuring due process and appropriate parenting time for the accused party. Some courts have considered the user experience in intimate partner violence and parenting cases, but as remote justice become the norm, it is essential for all courts to evaluate and refine the tools, policies, and procedures put in place during the emergency response to the pandemic to be more proactive in supporting court users. State courts in Kansas, North Carolina, and Arizona are cited as examples for efforts to enhance remote justice efficiency and quality in these cases involving intimate partner violence and parenting. Further research is recommended to explore the challenges and possibilities of using virtual technology in these situations.
A cytochrome P450 gene, LpCYP72A15, confers drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Xing Jing , Yang Yuwei , Zhang Qing , Yin Tingchao , Zhao Ruijie , Hao Guan , Liu Xinbao , Chi Yingjun , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCytochrome P450s (CYPs) play crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. In this study, a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) CYP gene, LpCYP72A15, was identified as a candidate gene regulating plant osmotic stress tolerance based on a cDNA library screening in the background of yeast ∆hog1 mutant. LpCYP72A15 is localized in the plastids, and its expression was regulated by osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Overexpressing LpCYP72A15 significantly enhanced plant drought tolerance in both Arabidopsis and perennial ryegrass. Under drought stress, the transgenic ryegrass showed significant lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, higher ROS‐scavenging enzymatic activities, and higher soluble sugar contents than the wildtype plants. Transient over‐expressing the gene also enhanced survival rates of ryegrass mesophyll protoplasts under H2O2‐induced oxidative or mannitol‐enforced osmotic stresses. Taken together, LpCYP72A15 confers oxidative‐ and osmotic‐stress tolerances that positively regulates plant drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass.
The relationship between possible, probable, or definite sleep bruxism and sleep quality: A systematic review
Authors: Yanez‐Regonesi Fernanda , Sangalli Linda , Robinson Cayla , de Leeuw Reny 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIt has been suggested that sleep bruxism may interrupt sleep continuity, hence potentially influencing sleep quality. The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between possible, probable, and definite sleep bruxism and sleep quality in otherwise healthy individuals. A systematic search on sleep bruxism and sleep quality was performed in seven databases until 19 December 2022. Eligible articles were screened, and quality assessment was performed via the Joanna Briggs Institute Scale. Of 3681 articles screened, 13 were included in this study. Of these, six evaluated the relationship between sleep quality and possible sleep bruxism, three with probable sleep bruxism, and four with definite sleep bruxism. An association between poor sleep quality and sleep bruxism was found among those individuals diagnosed with possible and probable sleep bruxism. However, the studies conducted in individuals with definite sleep bruxism failed to demonstrate any association. With more reliable measures to evaluate sleep bruxism, a relationship between sleep bruxism and sleep quality was not evident.
A Chto Sluchilos'?: Ethnographies of Holding It Together
Authors: Chudakova Tatiana , Hartblay Cassandra , Sidorkina Maria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis essay by sociocultural anthropologists of Russia working in the North American academy considers rupture in three ways. First, we review rupture as a theoretical concept that ethnographers have both used and contested in making sense of the end of the Soviet Union, to inform our reading of the present moment. Second, we think about what political and social relationships the war has made speakable and for whom, at a time when the possibilities of free expression in Russia carry novel risks. Anthropologists working with indigenous and ethnic minorities in Russia have long insisted on the country’s internal plurality. Drawing on this scholarship, we discuss the ways in which plurality has been freshly repoliticized in the context of the war in Ukraine, while carrying forward some of the legacies of its Soviet orchestration. Third, we observe that the 2022 invasion of Ukraine marks a rupture for ethnographers in the way we do fieldwork in and of Russia. In response, we call for a scholarly praxis of suturing together multiple scales of analysis, digital and geographic locations and incommensurable perspectives.
COVID‐19 cases correlates with greater acceptance coping in flexible cultures: A cross‐cultural study in 26 countries
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , English Alexander Scott , Kulich Steve J. , Zheng Lu ,   Global COVID Project Members
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current study examines whether the prevalence of COVID‐19 cases and cultural flexibility correlate to one's use of acceptance coping across 26 cultures. We analyzed data from 7476 participants worldwide at the start of the first outbreak from March 2020 to June 2020. Results showed that cultural flexibility moderated the relationship between COVID‐19 cases and individuals' acceptance coping strategies. Specifically, for cultures with high flexibility, COVID‐19 cases correlated with more acceptance coping; for cultures with low flexibility, COVID‐19 cases correlated with less acceptance coping. This result demonstrates how participants from flexible cultures can coexist with the realistic challenges and suffering faced during this pandemic.
Clinical outcomes in hospitalized plasma and platelet transfusion recipients prior to and following widespread blood donor SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Roubinian Nareg H. , Greene John , Liu Vincent X. , Lee Catherine , Mark Dustin G. , Vinson David R. , Spencer Bryan R. , Bruhn Roberta , Bravo Marjorie , Stone Mars , Custer Brian , Kleinman Steve , Busch Michael P. , Norris Philip J. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐IV‐P (REDS‐IV)
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of transfusion of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in high plasma volume blood components to recipients without COVID‐19 is not established. We assessed whether transfusion of plasma or platelet products during periods of increasing prevalence of blood donor SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination was associated with changes in outcomes in hospitalized patients without COVID‐19.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults who received plasma or platelet transfusions at 21 hospitals during pre‐COVID‐19 (3/1/2018–2/29/2020), COVID‐19 pre‐vaccine (3/1/2020–2/28/2021), and COVID‐19 post‐vaccine (3/1/2021–8/31/2022) study periods. We used multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to adjust for demographics and comorbidities to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 21,750 hospitalizations of 18,584 transfusion recipients without COVID‐19, there were 697 post‐transfusion thrombotic events, and oxygen requirements were increased in 1751 hospitalizations. Intensive care unit length of stay (n = 11,683) was 3 days (interquartile range 1–5), hospital mortality occurred in 3223 (14.8%), and 30‐day rehospitalization in 4144 (23.7%). Comparing the pre‐COVID, pre‐vaccine and post‐vaccine study periods, there were no trends in thromboses (OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.8, 1.1]; p = .22) or oxygen requirements (OR 1.0 [95% CI 0.9, 1.1]; p = .41). In parallel, there were no trends across study periods for ICU length of stay (p = .83), adjusted hospital mortality (OR 1.0 [95% CI 0.9–1.0]; p = .36), or 30‐day rehospitalization (p = .29).DiscussionTransfusion of plasma and platelet blood components collected during the pre‐vaccine and post‐vaccine periods of the COVID‐19 pandemic was not associated with increased adverse outcomes in transfusion recipients without COVID‐19.