bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scottish Retinal Detachment Study: 10-year outcomes after retinal detachment repair
Authors: Hazelwood James E. , Mitry Danny , Singh Jaswinder , Bennett Harry G. B. , Khan Ashraf A. , Goudie Colin R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To address the paucity of long-term data on outcomes following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair we aimed to establish the 10-year best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), redetachment rate and lens status for patients from the Scottish Retinal Detachment Study.

Subjects
Data from patients who presented with RRD during the original study were collected from clinical records 10 years after repair. Patients were excluded if lacking 10 year follow-up data, and excluded from visual acuity analysis in the case of significant co-morbid ophthalmic disease.

Results
103 patients had BCVA outcomes for at least 10 years post-operatively and met the inclusion criteria. 57 were macula-on and 46 were macula-off. Median10-year BCVA was 0.1 (IQR 0.3) logMAR (6/7.5). 10-year BCVA was significantly better in macula-on patients, compared to macula-off (−0.18 logMAR (p < 0.001)). There was a significant improvement in macula-off BCVA from short-term follow-up to 10-year BCVA (−0.26 logMAR, p = 0.04). 93% of macula-on patients achieved BCVA sufficient for UK driving standard compared to 65% of macula-off. There was no difference in 10-year BCVA between repair techniques. Thirty-four patients were phakic at follow-up, 65 pseudophakic, and 4 aphakic. Redetachment occurred in 14% and conferred a poorer 10-year BCVA (logMAR 0.3 IQR 0.78 (6/12)).

Conclusion
Long-term BCVA remains excellent following successful macula-on RRD repair with almost all macula-on, and most macula-off patients achieving the UK visual acuity driving standard. We demonstrate that macula-on detachments have significantly greater long long-term visual acuity than macula-off detachments, and that re-detachment is uncommon but confers a poorer long term visual outcome. This study provides objective long-term data to guide patient and surgeon expectations following retinal detachment repair.
NKp46 enhances type 1 innate lymphoid cell proliferation and function and anti-acute myeloid leukemia activity
Authors: Ma Rui , Li Zhenlong , Tang Hejun , Wu Xiaojin , Tian Lei , Shah Zahir , Liu Ningyuan , Barr Tasha , Zhang Jianying , Wang Sean , Swaminathan Srividya , Marcucci Guido , Peng Yong , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
NKp46 is a critical regulator of natural killer (NK) cell immunity, but its function in non-NK innate immune cells remains unclear. Here, we show that NKp46 is indispensable for expressing IL-2 receptor-α (IL-2Rα) by non-NK liver-resident type-1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). Deletion of NKp46 reduces IL-2Rα on ILC1s by downregulating NF-κB signaling, thus impairing ILC1 proliferation and cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. The binding of anti-NKp46 antibody to NKp46 triggers the activation of NF-κB, the expression of IL-2Rα, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), proliferation, and cytotoxicity. Functionally, NKp46 expressed on mouse ILC1s interacts with tumor cells through cell–cell contact, increasing ILC1 production of IFN-γ and TNF, and enhancing cytotoxicity. In a mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia, deletion of NKp46 impairs the ability of ILC1s to control tumor growth and reduces survival. This can be reversed by injecting NKp46+ ILC1s into NKp46 knock-out mice. Human NKp46+ ILC1s exhibit stronger cytokine production and cytotoxicity than their NKp46− counterparts, suggesting that NKp46 plays a similar role in humans. These findings identify an NKp46–NF-κB–IL-2Rα axis and suggest that activating NKp46 with an anti-NKp46 antibody may provide a potential strategy for anti-tumor innate immunity.
Symbolic regression for strength prediction of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns
Authors: Megahed Khaled 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are widely employed in high-rise buildings, long-span bridges, and seismic-resistant structures due to their superior load-bearing capacity, structural efficiency, and resilience under extreme loading conditions. This study uses symbolic regression with structural design code provisions to predict the eccentric strength of concrete filled-steel tubular columns with circular shape (CCFST) and rectangular shape (RCFST). Previous studies have used two distinct approaches for estimating eccentric strength: explainable models based on theoretical derivations and black-box models derived from machine learning (ML) methods. This study proposes a hybrid model derived from the design code standards, with performance enhanced by the symbolic regression technique. This model is based on a comprehensive experimental database of 464 tests for CCFST columns and 313 tests for RCFST columns under eccentric loading from various research papers. The developed code-based symbolic regression (C-SR) displays both robust and interpretable, demonstrating high prediction accuracy with mean values of the prediction-to-actual ratios of 1.006 and 0.997 and coefficient of variation (CoV) values of 0.117 and 0.098 for CCFSTs and RCFSTs, respectively, while providing explainable mathematical expressions that align with the mechanical principles of code provisions. The developed C-SR model is benchmarked against EC4 and AISC360 standards and evaluated against the various ML techniques, demonstrating acceptable performance. The results highlight the C-SR model’s effectiveness in providing reliable predictions and valuable insights for practical engineering applications.
Segmental analysis of human hair reveals intra-annual variation in 25(OH)D3 concentrations in modern and archaeological individuals
Authors: Britton Kate , Czére Orsolya , Gutierrez Eléa , Reynard Linda M. , Laird Eamon , Duncan Gary , de Roos Baukje 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for healthy skeletal growth and is increasingly recognised for its role in chronic disease development, inflammation and immunity. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations are an indicator of vitamin D status and are normally analysed in plasma or serum samples in clinical settings, while archaeological studies rely on the identification of skeletal markers of vitamin D deficiency, such as rickets. Here, we determined 25(OH)D3 concentrations in hair specimens (‘locks’) that had been sampled close to the root, aligned by cut end, and sliced into sequential segments from participants (n = 16), from Aberdeen, Scotland, using a modified protocol designed to minimise sample size. Concentrations were above detectable levels in 14 of 16 individuals, generating a (~ monthly) time-series of 25(OH)D3 concentrations, with fluctuating intra-hair trends consistent with the bioaccumulation of 25(OH)D3. In three participants, fluctuations in intra-hair 25(OH)D3 appear linked to recent significant weight loss, potentially due to the release of stored 25(OH)D3 from adipose tissue and subsequent uptake in hair. For the remaining participants, no statistically-significant correlations were determined between mean hair 25(OH)D3 levels and self-reported data, including age, sex, BMI, vitamin D supplementation, frequency of oily fish consumption, and hours spent outside. For a subset of our cohort (n = 4) isotope analysis highlighted potential relationships between elevated δ
18O values (which can indicate season of hair growth) and 25(OH)D3 concentrations in some individuals, which may reflect seasonally-increased UVB exposure. We also present data from an archaeological individual from the same city, with the addition of further isotope analysis (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur) to characterise diet. Results suggest possible positive correspondence of 25(OH)D3 levels with season in this archaeological individual, and possibly with marine protein consumption, highlighting the potential use of this approach in characterising the relationship between past vitamin D levels and diet. While results are promising, we recognise the limits of this study in terms of sample size and use of self-reported data, and further work is needed to better understand the relationship between serum and hair 25(OH)D3 before this approach can further be developed as either a non-invasive medical test or an archaeo-investigative technique.
Preparation and characterization of SPE column with smart green molecularly imprinted polymers materials for selective determination of S-metolachlor herbicide
Authors: Rapacz Dominika , Smolińska-Kempisty Katarzyna , Wolska Joanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The presence of traces of herbicides in ground and surface waters can have adverse impacts on humans and the environment. Therefore, developing a highly selective and reusable adsorbent for monitoring water quality has become important. This article describes smart green molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as selective sorbents of S-metolachlor herbicide for solid phase extraction (SPE). Combining the MIP-SPE column with HPLC chromatography provided a quick and accurate method for determining the real concentration of S-metolachlor in water samples. The sorption capacity of the MIP-SPE column was almost twice that of the non-imprinted polymer column for SPE extraction. The bed can be regenerated up to three times before it loses its original sorption properties. A method has been developed whereby 6 ml of water can achieve an average recovery rate of 98% for sorbent. During the selectivity study from multicomponent solution, the calculate imprinting factor for MIPs was calculated to be 10, while MIPs sorb S-metolachlor 10 times better than atrazine, 12 times better than fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and 33 times better than glyphosate. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental values obtained.
Molecular imaging of viral pathogenesis and opportunities for the future
Authors: Kelly Brianna , Boudreau Jeanette E. , Beyea Steven , Brewer Kimberly 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Molecular imaging is used in clinical and research settings. Since tools to study viral pathogenesis longitudinally and systemically are limited, molecular imaging is an attractive and largely unexplored tool. This review discusses molecular imaging probes and techniques for studying viruses, particularly those currently used in oncology that are applicable to virology. Expanding the repertoire of probes to better detect viral disease may make imaging even more valuable in (pre-)clinical settings.
Value Added by Assessing Nonspoken Vocabulary in Minimally Speaking Autistic Children
Authors: MacDonald-Prégent Angela , McGuinness Lauren , Nadig Aparna 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
There is a scarcity of language assessment tools properly adapted for use with minimally speaking autistic children. As these children often use nonspoken methods of communication (i.e., augmentative and alternative communication [AAC]), modification of traditional assessment tools is needed to capture the full range of their communicative repertoires. We modified the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) to explore how vocabulary size and composition are impacted by considering nonspoken, as well as spoken, expressive vocabulary (AAC-modified CDI: Words and Gestures).

Method:
Our initial sample consisted of 16 minimally speaking autistic children, 3–9 years old, whose caregivers completed our modified CDI after taking part in an AAC intervention. Our final sample included 15 participants, after removing an outlier.

Results:

Accounting for both spoken and nonspoken communication significantly increased participants' reported expressive vocabulary by an average of 14 words (
z =
−2.61,
p
= .009,
r
= .75). Verbs made up a sizable portion (13.3%) of vocabulary when accounting for all modalities, while nouns made up the majority (51.5%).

Conclusions:
We demonstrated the value of including both spoken and nonspoken modalities of communication when assessing the expressive vocabulary of minimally speaking autistic children. Prior work has shown that minimally speaking autistic children's spoken vocabulary was prominent in verbs (i.e., contained proportionally more verbs than that of vocabulary-matched typically developing children). In our sample, which used a broader definition of minimally speaking, we found that the proportions of verbs and nouns were consistent with what has been reported for typically developing children with similar-sized productive vocabularies.
Statistical approach to deadband estimation to inform TESS energy specification
Authors: Hu Yiheng , Schofield Nigel , Zhao Nan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing use of renewable energy and decreasing inertia from large generators necessitate studying transient energy storage systems (TESSs) for better frequency stability. This paper examines UK National Grid data from 2014 to 2022 to propose initial design requirements for a TESS power‐train. It assesses second‐by‐second historical frequency data across various time frames to explore the impact on TESS sizing and strategies using the enhanced frequency response service 1 approach. The results establish an approach for determining the suitable battery energy capacity of TESSs offering frequency control services, contributing to the reduction of power demand and energy losses in the distribution grid. Moreover, the study presents a suitable deadband strategy for the enhanced frequency response service. The findings provide insights into the design and operational needs of TESSs in supporting grid frequency response, utilizing a statistical methodology driven by frequency data from the UK transmission network managed by National Grid Electricity Transmission. The primary aims of the paper are (a) to develop a suitable power and energy management philosophy for TESSs and thus inform future control objectives, and (b) assess the system energy specification requirements.
ASTRAEUS
Authors: Hutter Anne , Cueto Elie R. , Dayal Pratika , Gottlöber Stefan , Trebitsch Maxime , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: January 2025

Context. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered an abundance of z > 10 galaxies bright in the ultraviolet (UV), whose presence poses a challenge to traditional theoretical models at high redshifts. Various new models have recently emerged to address this discrepancy by refining their description of star formation.
Aims. Here, we investigate whether modifications to the stellar initial mass function (IMF) alone can reproduce the z > 10 UV luminosity functions (UV LFs) when the star formation rate is used as a proxy for the fraction of massive stars.
Methods. We incorporated an evolving IMF into the ASTRAEUS galaxy evolution and reionisation simulation framework, which becomes increasingly top-heavy as the gas density in a galaxy rises above a given threshold. Our implementation accounts for the IMF’s effects on supernova (SN) feedback and metal enrichment, as well as UV and ionising emissivities.
Results. For this evolving IMF model, we find that (i) the maximum UV luminosity enhancement is twice as large in massive galaxies (ΔMUV ≃ 2.6) than those where star formation is strongly limited by SN feedback (ΔMUV ≃ 1.3); (ii) it successfully reproduces the observed UV LFs at z = 5 − 15; (iii) galaxies with top-heavy IMFs exhibit the highest star formation rates, driven by their location in local density peaks, which facilitates higher gas accretion rates; (iv) the 1σ variances in the UV luminosity are only slightly higher compared to when assuming a Salpeter IMF, but the 2σ variances are significantly increased by a factor of 1.4 − 2 boosting the abundance of UV-bright galaxies at z > 10; and (v) reionisation begins earlier with more extended large ionised regions and fewer smaller ones during its initial stages, although these differences diminish at lower redshifts, leading to a similar end of reionisation at z ≃ 5.6.
Prolonged ECMO Support in a Pediatric Patient with Complex Cardiac Conditions During Wartime in Kyiv, Ukraine
Authors: Daniel Rusnak , Condello Ignazio , Valerii Dohtiar , Serhii Varbanets , Kristina Alieksieieva , Serhii Luhovkin , Vladyslav Palokha , Vadym Zhoha , Neonila Bukhnei , Lesia Krashevska , Olha Kutsenko , Nataliia Kupina , Oleksii Vnukov 
Published: January 2025

Background: Managing complex medical interventions in conflict-affected Kyiv, Ukraine, poses significant challenges, particularly for critically ill pediatric patients. This case report examines the extended use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a 12-year-old girl with severe congenital heart disease, including critical aortic stenosis and myocarditis. With no transplant system and limited resources, alternative solutions were necessary to maintain ECMO support and mitigate complications over a prolonged period.
Methods: The patient was on ECMO support for 259 days, utilizing both VV-ECMO and VA-ECMO configurations. Wartime supply issues necessitated the use of polypropylene fiber oxygenators (Quadrox-i and Terumo Fx15), despite their unsuitability for long-term use. Eleven oxygenators were used, with ten replacements due to thrombosis and malfunctions. The oxygenators included EUROSETS Alone, Maquet PLS, Paragon, Terumo Fx15, and Quadrox-i. Care involved frequent ECMO parameter adjustments, infection control, and daily rehabilitation. Cardiac function recovery was consistently negative.
Results: Performance of the oxygenators declined over time, necessitating frequent replacements due to clotting, reduced oxygen exchange, and lower CO2 removal efficiency. Usage durations varied: EUROSETS (10, 32, 88, and 26 days), Paragon (78 days), Maquet PLS (14 days), Terumo Fx15 (1-5 days), and Quadrox-i (1 day). EUROSETS nr 3 lasted 88 days, and the Paragon provided 78 days of stable support. The Maquet PLS lasted 14 days, while the Terumo Fx15 and Quadrox-i required replacements within 1 to 5 days. ECMO was discontinued due to irreversible heart failure, with the patient passing away from severe multi-organ dysfunction and complications.
Conclusions: This case highlights the extraordinary challenges of prolonged ECMO use in a pediatric patient within a war zone, emphasizing the resilience and adaptability required from healthcare teams in resource-limited settings. The logistical constraints and the necessity to use suboptimal oxygenators underscore the need for international support and mobilization to sustain advanced care in conflict-affected regions.
Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung und Einschränkungen der
Erwerbsteilhabe: Eine prospektive Studie bei 2308 sozialversicherungspflichtig
Beschäftigten in Deutschland
Authors: Rose Uwe , Buchallik Friederike , Burr Hermann , Kersten Norbert 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungIn der Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Burnoutdimension emotionale
Erschöpfung mit nachfolgenden Ereignissen der Nichterwerbsteilhabe
(Langzeit-Arbeitsunfähigkeit, Arbeitslosigkeit, Frühberentung) und deren
Dauer untersucht.Die Datenbasis bildet die Studie zur Mentalen Gesundheit bei der Arbeit
(S-MGA); eine Verlaufsstudie basierend auf einer Zufallsstichprobe von
n=4511 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten im Alter von 31–60 Jahren
zum Zeitpunkt der Ziehung und einem Follow-up nach 5 Jahren (n=2460).
Burnoutsymptome wurden zum Zeitpunkt der Erstbefragung mittels eines
schriftlichen Fragebogens erfasst, während die Erwerbs- und die
Krankheitshistorie im Follow-up mittels eines Interviews erhoben wurde.
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Burnoutskala zu T1 mit darauffolgenden
Ereignissen der Nichterwerbsteilhabe wurden im Rahmen eines Two-Part-Models
analysiert: d. h. Ereignisse wurden mittels logistischer Regression und
deren Dauer mittels Verallgemeinerter Linearer Regressionsmodelle (GLM)
prädiziert.Die Burnoutskala war mit dem Ereignis und der Dauer von Langzeit-AU
assoziiert; bei den Männern mit einem Odds Ratio=1,72 (95% KI=1,31; 2,27)
und bei den Frauen mit einem OR=2,23 (95% KI=1,73; 2,88) je Skalenpunkt für
das Auftreten eines Ereignisses. Unter denen, die mindestens einmal
Langzeit-AU erlebten, verlängerte sich die Dauer (in Monaten) mit jedem
Skalenpunktwert auf der Burnoutskala um den Faktor Exp(β)=1,44 (95% KI=1,23;
1,69) bei Männern und bei den Frauen um den Faktor Exp(β)=1,29 (95% KI=1,09;
1,52).Von einem klinischen und gesundheitsökonomischen Gesichtspunkt aus ist es ein
relevanter Befund, dass die Burnoutdimension emotionale Erschöpfung mit
Ereignissen und Dauer der Nichterwerbsteilhabe einhergeht.
Effects of observing pitch gestures on the perception of English
intonation by Japanese learners of English
Authors: Hori Tomoko , Akatsuka Mari , Toyama Michiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The effects of observing pitch gestures on non-native English
intonation perception among 80 Japanese learners of English were examined to
uncover whether pitch gestures boost the perception of intonation patterns in
the contexts of congruent, incongruent, and no gestures (CGs, IGs, and NGs,
respectively); gestural effects differ from various intonation patterns; and
gestural effects are based on the complexity of stimuli. The results showed that
identification was most accurate for CGs, followed by NGs and IGs for both word
and sentence stimuli. Although gestural effects differed depending on intonation
patterns and the target stimuli, observing CGs enhances the perception of
intonation patterns, including rising patterns, which are particularly
challenging for Japanese learners. Consequently, these findings provide
pedagogical implications for incorporating pitch gestures into both the learning
and teaching of second-language intonation.
Les références floues en Gbaya (R.C.A.)
Authors: Roulon-Doko Paulette 
Published: January 2025

Résumé
Le gbaya, langue oubanguienne (Niger-Congo) de République
Centrafricaine, est une langue isolante à faible morphologie uniquement
transmise oralement. Tandis que la référence floue consiste, pour les inanimés,
en l’emploi du terme mɔ̀ « chose » et de façon plus rare de
verbes à sujet nul, elle utilise, pour les humains, un pronom impersonnel dédié
ʔéí imps à valeur générique, dont les
spécificités syntaxiques sont présentées. Ce dernier peut être en concurrence
avec les pronoms personnels de deuxième personne du singulier et troisième
personne du pluriel, dont l’emploi impersonnel est toujours combiné à un trait
d’inclusivité ou d’exclusivité. L’examen de l’emploi de ces divers morphèmes en
fonction des types de production (proverbes, devinettes, contes, recettes de
cuisine ou remèdes) permet de saisir ce qui motive les choix effectués.
‘The point is, what is the point?’
Authors: Berthe Florine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates vague cataphoric reference with shell nouns in the
the-N-is construction (e.g. the point is). It highlights the ties between
the construction, which is sometimes analysed as a specfticational copular sentence, shell nouns, which function to some extent
like pronouns, and reference. Using a corpus of spoken British English, it shows that referent identification is however not
always achieved with this construction and puts forward several contextual that contribute to the vague reference for the shell
noun, such as the form and complexity of the shell content or the larger context. The article finally offers interactional
perspectives and shows that speakers can use the construction with its vague cataphoric potential as turn-taking or floor-holding
device.