bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic entropy
Authors: Karpov E. , Ordonez G. , Petrosky T. , Prigogine I. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe have obtained a microscopic expression for entropy in terms of ℋ︁ function based on nonunitary Λ transformation that leads from the time evolution as a unitary group to a Markovian dynamics and unifies the reversible and irreversible aspects of quantum mechanics. This requires a new representation outside the Hilbert space. In terms of ℋ︁, we show the entropy production and the entropy flow during the emission and absorption of radiation by an atom. Analyzing the time inversion experiment we emphasize the importance of precollisional and postcollisional correlations, which break the symmetry between incoming and outgoing waves. We consider the influence of spatial configuration of the system on the initial correlations in terms of the ℋ︁ function in a three‐dimensional situation. In a subsequent paper we discuss a model including virtual transitions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Dressed‐particle formulation of Brownian motion
Authors: Ordonez Gonzalo , Kim Sungyun 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe consider a simple model of a classical harmonic oscillator coupled to a field. In standard approaches Langevin‐type equations for bare particles are derived from Hamiltonian dynamics. These equations contain memory terms and are time‐reversal invariant. In contrast, the phenomenological Langevin equations have no memory terms (they are Markovian equations) and give a time evolution split in two branches (semigroups), each of which breaks time symmetry. A standard approach to bridge dynamics with phenomenology is to consider the Markovian approximation of the former. In the current article, we present a formulation in terms of dressed particles, which gives exact Markovian equations. We formulate dressed particles for Poincaré nonintegrable systems, through an invertible transformation operator Λ introduced by Prigogine and collaborators. Λ is obtained by an extension of the canonical (unitary) transformation operator U that eliminates interactions for integrable systems. Our extension is based on the removal of divergences due to Poincaré resonances, which breaks time symmetry. The unitarity of U is extended to “star unitarity” for Λ. We show that Λ‐transformed variables have the same time evolution as stochastic variables obeying Langevin equations and that Λ‐transformed distribution functions satisfy an exact Fokker–Planck equation. The effects of Gaussian white noise are obtained by the nondistributive property of Λ with respect to products of dynamical variables. Therefore, our method leads to a direct link between dynamics of Poincaré nonintegrable systems, probability, and stochasticity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Control of decoherence: Dynamical decoupling versus quantum Zeno effect: A case study for trapped ions
Authors: Tasaki S. , Tokuse A. , Facchi P. , Pascazio S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe control of thermal decoherence via dynamical decoupling and via the quantum Zeno effect (Zeno control) is investigated for a model of trapped ion, where the dynamics of two low‐lying hyperfine states undergoes decoherence due to the thermal interaction with an excited state. Dynamical decoupling is a procedure that consists in periodically driving the excited state, while the Zeno control consists in frequently measuring it. When the control frequency is high enough, decoherence is shown to be suppressed. Otherwise, both controls may accelerate decoherence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Spatial bistability: A chemical idiosyncrasy?
Authors: Borckmans P. , Benyaich K. , Dewel G. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSpatial reactors allow the study of the true asymptotic states of dissipative structures in autocatalytic chemical systems in solution. They have permitted the experimental discovery of genuine Turing patterns. However, when reactions at work exhibit bistability between homogeneous steady states in a continuously stirred tank reactor, Turing structures remain elusive. A reason may lie in the existence for such reactions of the phenomenon of spatial bistability. A simple model for this effect is discussed here. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
A spoken dialogue system for document information retrieval utilizing topic knowledge
Authors: Kiriyama Shinya , Hirose Keikichi , Minematsu Nobuaki 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe authors implemented a mechanism for using retrieval field information to promote efficient searching in a spoken dialogue system for document information retrieval tasks. The research focused mainly on the following two points: (1) correctly categorizing the documents in the database into target topics and (2) properly using topic knowledge to promote efficient searching. For point (1), the authors proposed a technique for recursively calculating the relevance score between (retrieval) words and topics (RSW) and the relevance score between documents and topics (RSD). A maximum topic categorization rate of 86.1% was obtained as a result of experimental investigations. An improvement of 5.0% from the initial value (81.1%) due to the recursive calculations showed the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Subjective evaluations were also used to verify the effectiveness of the relevance scores obtained by the proposed technique during practical use. For point (2), the authors compared the proposed system with a system that does not use topic knowledge when the retrieval field was estimated to advance the dialogue. It was apparent that the proposed system could decrease the number of retrieval dialogue interactions and the dialogue interaction period by approximately 20%, which showed the effectiveness of using topic knowledge for aiding efficient searching. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(5): 67–82, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10370
Scheduling for broadcast operation in heterogeneous parallel computing environments
Authors: Ooshita Fukuhito , Matsumae Susumu , Masuzawa Toshimitsu , Tokura Nobuki 
Published: March 2004

AbstractParallel computing utilizes heterogeneous parallel computing environments in which multiple processors of various kinds are connected by communication links. Efficient collective communication operations are needed to realize efficient parallel computing in parallel computing environments. Although methods for realizing efficient collective communication operations have previously been proposed for homogeneous parallel computing environments, these methods applied as they are to heterogeneous parallel computing environments cannot realize efficient collective communication operations. In this paper, we consider design of an efficient broadcast, which is one of the most important collective communication operations. We show that we can extend the known sufficient condition for Fastest‐Node‐First (FNF) to output an optimal schedule, where FNF is an efficient heuristic algorithm for the broadcast. We show that we can reduce the time cost of the branch‐and‐bound search for the optimal schedule. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(5): 44–54, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10533
Structural optimization by genetic algorithm with degeneration (GAd)
Authors: Takahama Tetsuyuki , Sakai Setsuko , Ichimura Takumi , Isomichi Yoshinori 
Published: March 2004

AbstractGenetic Algorithms (GAs) are models of biological evolution. But the concept of degeneration had not previously been introduced to GA. Degeneration is the evolutionary decline or loss of a function or characteristic, and it had not been thought that degeneration could be used for optimization. In this paper, GA with degeneration (GAd), which introduces the concept of degeneration to GA, is proposed. It is assumed that damaged genes and irreversible mutations cause degeneration and that if degeneration occurs, some characteristics of an individual are lost. If the characteristics are regarded as parameters in a model, the number of parameters can be reduced and the optimal parameter structure can be discovered. It is shown that the optimal parameter structure of some models such as neural networks can be discovered by GAd. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(5): 32–43, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10552
Constrained optimization by α constrained genetic algorithm (αGA)
Authors: Takahama Tetsuyuki , Sakai Setsuko 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this study, α constrained genetic algorithm (αGA) which solves constrained optimization problems is proposed. Constrained optimization problems, where the objective functions are minimized under given constraints, are very important and frequently appear in the real world. Recently, researches on constrained optimization using genetic algorithm (GA) have been widely carried out, and their results are equivalent to those by existing mathematical methods. αGA is a method which combines the α constrained method with GA. In the α constrained method, the satisfaction level of constraints to express how much a search point satisfies the constraints is introduced. The α level comparison which compares the search points based on the satisfaction level of constraints is also introduced. The α constrained method can convert constrained problems to unconstrained problems using α level comparison. In αGA, the individuals who satisfy the constraints will evolve to optimize the objective function and the individuals who do not satisfy the constraints will evolve to satisfy the constraints, naturally. In this paper, the effectiveness of αGA is shown by comparing αGA with GENOCOP 5.0 on various types of test problems, such as a linear programming problem, nonlinear programming problems, and problems with nonconvex constraints. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(5): 11–22, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10562
Geotensity constraint for 3D surface reconstruction
Authors: Maki Atsuto , Watanabe Mutsumi , Wiles Charles 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper is about automatically reconstructing the full 3D surface of an object observed in motion by a single static camera. Based on the two paradigms, structure from motion and linear intensity subspaces, we introduce thegeotensity constraintthat governs the relationship between four or more images of a moving object, and argue that the constraint is more valid under object motion than the conventional one of constant brightness. We first show that it is possible in theory to solve for 3D surface structure for the case of a single point light source. We then propose to adapt the geotensity constraint to the case of multiple point light sources by mathematically segmenting the illumination space into multiple subspaces. The surface may or may not be textured. The theoretical propositions are investigated through experiments using both real and synthetic images. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(4): 72–83, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1233
A dispersed ethnic group as a living system: Soviet Jewry in the 1970s
Authors: Riss Ilan 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper applies the living systems theory (LST), developed by J. G. Miller, to the analysis of a dispersed ethnic community. The LST structure, in all 20 of its subsystems, is analyzed at a community level for the Jewish population of the USSR in the 1970s. It is found that the thorough definition of all 20 subsystems may help in examining of the organization of ethnic communities. Possible ways of quantifying the subsystems and the use of this method for comparative analysis of various ethnic communities are proposed. Crucial subsystems, the dysfunction of which may threaten the very existence of the ethnic community, are defined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward system principles: general system theory and the alternative approach
Authors: Dubrovsky Vitaly 
Published: March 2004

AbstractGeneral System Theory (GST) sets its goal as unification of science, and its subject matter as formulation of general system principles, or principles applicable to all systems. Unfortunately, no such principles have been formulated to date. This paper demonstrates that GST is incapable of formulating system principles due to its naturalistic methods and realist ontology that represents system as a real object, or thing. This paper suggests an alternative approach to development of system principles based on the assumption that the purpose of the system approach is not unification of science but dealing with complexity, and the corresponding method is analysis–synthesis. According to this approach, reality is neither systemic nor non‐systemic, and only our methods of treating real objects and corresponding representations of them are either systemic or not. The paper asserts that system science cannot study real systems, because they do not exist. Instead it should study history of system reasoning as the process of development of system principles. As a preliminary step, by analyzing classical definitions of system, this paper identifies the principal system concepts and categorical oppositions that can be used as an initial framework for empirical studies of system reasoning. It also outlines methodology for such studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive assessment of liver detoxification capacity of children, observed in children from heavily polluted industrial and clean control areas, together with assessments of air pollution and chloro‐organic body burden
Authors: Herbarth Olf , Franck Ulrich , Krumbiegel Peter , Rehwagen Martina , Rolle‐Kampczyk Ulrike , Weiß Holger 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe liver is an important target organ in exposure to foreign substances or their metabolites. Early changes in the metabolic capacity of the liver may be a first sign of the effect of an exposure and an indication of an early (pre)pathological process. For the noninvasive testing of this metabolic capacity, a special diagnostic tool has been developed and demonstrated under real exposure conditions. The main questions investigated were (1) whether the liver detoxification capacity of children is affected by long‐term low exposure in a highly polluted area and (2) to what extent redevelopment in once heavily polluted industrial areas contributes to improvement in the health measured in the children from the changed detoxification capacity. Kindergarten children from a heavily polluted industrial area and a control area were observed over a prolonged period during redevelopment of the industrial area. The liver's detoxification capacity was assessed with a stable‐isotope‐based diagnostic test, the [15N]methacetin test. In addition, the region‐specific external exposure (indicator components were chlorinated compounds) and internal load were measured. The difference in the children's internal load between the exposed and control groups reflected the differences in exposure (exposed children had an internal load 2.3 times greater than that of the control children). The exposed children showed a 6% lower liver detoxification capacity. A reduction in pollution by about 70% as a result of remediation was reflected in improved liver detoxification capacity, and the difference between the polluted and control areas was no longer significant. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of xenobiotics can disturb hepatic functioning. The proposed test can be used as a tool to determine the effects of multicomponent exposure and is well suited for bioeffect monitoring. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 103–108, 2004
Seawater quality along the Adriatic coast, Croatia, based on toxicity data
Authors: Bihari Nevenka , Mičić Milena , Fafandel Maja 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe potential toxicity of organic extracts from 12 seawater samples from each of 24 sampling sites, collected during 1999–2001 along the Adriatic coast, Croatia, was analyzed with the Microtox toxicity bioassay. The results were consistent with the usefulness of Microtox for the detection of accidental toxic events. To determine the water quality of selected areas, cluster analysis for discrimination between groups with similar toxicity load and water quality index as a base for the ranking of sampling sites was introduced. Based on our experimental data, five classes of the quality index were defined, and so areas were ranked in five categories (excellent, good, fair, poor, and very poor) according to their potential toxic influence. The water quality of selected sites for the potential toxicity of organic extracts could be described as excellent at one sampling site, good at 15 sampling sites, and fair at eight sampling sites. Poor and very poor seawater quality was not detected. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 109–114, 2004.
Effects of the herbicide hexazinone on nutrient cycling in a low‐pH blueberry soil
Authors: Vienneau D. M. , Sullivan C. A. , House S. K. , Stratton G. W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe herbicide hexazinone was applied as the commercial formulation Velpar® L at field‐rate (FR) concentrations of FR (14.77 μg ai g−1), FR×5 (73.85 μg ai g−1), FR×10 (147.70 μg ai g−1), FR×50 (738.50 μg ai g−1), and FR×100 (1477.00 μg ai g−1) to acidic soil, pH 4.12, taken from a lowbush blueberry field. Hexazinone was tested for inhibitory effects on various transformations of the nitrogen cycle and soil respiration. Nitrogen fixation was unaffected by hexazinone levels up to FR×100 following a 4‐week incubation period. Ammonification was initially inhibited by all levels of hexazinone, but after 4 weeks, ammonification in all treatment systems was equal to or greater than the control. Nitrification was more sensitive to hexazinone; however, application at a field‐rate level caused no inhibition. Inhibitory effects were noted above FR after a 2‐month endpoint analysis and above FR×5 after a 6‐month endpoint analysis. Hexazinone concentrations up to and including FR×100 stimulated denitrification. Soil respiration was also stimulated over a 3‐week period when applied at a level up to 100 times the recommended field rate. In general, it was found that when applied at the recommended field application rate, hexazinone does not adversely affect the nitrogen cycle or soil respiration in acidic lowbush blueberry soils. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 115–122, 2004
Marine toxin okadaic acid induces aneuploidy in CHO‐K1 cells in presence of rat liver postmitochondrial fraction, revealed by cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay coupled to FISH
Authors: Le Hégarat Ludovic , Fessard Valérie , Poul Jean Michel , Dragacci Sylviane , Sanders Pascal 
Published: March 2004

AbstractOkadaic acid (OA), a major polyether toxin involved in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), is a potent tumor promoter in rodent skin and glandular stomach and a specific inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. A previous study, which used the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in CHO‐K1 cells, showed that OA induced chromosome damage in the presence of a rat liver metabolic activation system (S9). To support OA biotransformation by S9, the same test system was performed, and DNA damage induced by OA was measured with and without metabolic activation as well as in the presence of heat‐inactivated S9 fraction. The results showed that only in the presence of active S9 did OA significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated binucleated (MNBN) cells. After a 4‐h treatment a 2‐ to 5‐fold increase of MNBN cells was observed at 30 nM and at 50 nM of OA. However, without S9 or in the presence of heat‐inactivated S9, OA did not induce any chromosome damage. We concluded that OA can be metabolically activated in vitro into metabolites that are more genotoxic. The CBMN assay coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a DNA probe for centromere detection was performed to discriminate between clastogenic (chromosome breakage) and aneugenic (chromosome loss) effects. FISH analysis showed that OA metabolites increased in a dose‐dependent manner in centromere positive micronuclei (CEN+): 60% of CEN+ at 30 nM and 75% of CEN+ at 50 nM of OA. The uptake of OA into CHO‐K1 cells and the biotransformation of the toxin are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 123–128, 2004
Cytogenetic effects of leachates from tannery solid waste on the somatic cells of Vicia faba
Authors: Chandra Saurabh , Chauhan L. K. S. , Pande P. N. , Gupta S. K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe contamination of surface‐ and groundwater by the leaching of solid wastes generated by industrial activities as a result of water runoff and rainfall is a matter of great concern. The leachates from tannery solid waste (TSW), a major environmental pollutant, were examined for their possible genotoxic effects on the somatic cells of Vicia faba. Leachates were prepared from solid wastes procured from leather‐tanning industrial sites, and V. faba seedlings were exposed to three test concentrations, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, through soil and aqueous media for 5 days. The root tips examined for cytogenetic damage revealed that leachate of TSW significantly inhibited the mitotic index and induced significantly frequent chromosomal and mitotic aberrations (CA/MA) in a dose‐dependent manner. The chemical analysis of TSW samples revealed that the chief constituents were chromium and nickel, which may cause genetic abnormalities. The frequency of aberrations was found to be higher in the root meristematic cells of Vicia faba exposed through the aqueous medium than those exposed through the soil medium. The results of the present study indicated that contamination of potable water bodies by leachates of TSW may cause genotoxicity. For the biomonitoring of complex mixtures of toxicants with the V. faba bioassay, the use of the aqueous medium seems to be a more promising method than the use of the soil medium. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 129–133, 2004.
Power and cost aware localized routing with guaranteed delivery in unit graph based ad hoc networks
Authors: Stojmenovic Ivan , Datta Susanta 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn a localized routing algorithm, each node currently holding a message makes forwarding decision solely based on the position information about itself, its neighbors and destination. In a unit graph, two nodes can communicate if and only if the distance between them is no more than the transmission radius, which is the same for each node. This paper proposes localized routing algorithms, aimed at minimizing total power for routing a message or maximizing the total number of routing tasks that a network can perform before a partition. The algorithms are combinations of known greedy power and/or cost aware localized routing algorithms and an algorithm that guarantees delivery. A shortcut procedure is introduced in later algorithm to enhance its performance. Another improvement is to restrict the routing to nodes in a dominating set. These improvements require two‐hop knowledge at each node. The efficiency of proposed algorithms is verified experimentally by comparing their power savings, and the number of routing tasks a network can perform before a node loses all its energy, with the corresponding shortest weighted path algorithms and localized algorithms that use fixed transmission power at each node. Significant energy savings are obtained, and feasibility of applying power and cost‐aware localized schemes is demonstrated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.