bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can one really measure magnesium deficiency using the short‐term magnesium loading test?
Authors: Rob P. M. , Dick K. , Bley N. , Seyfert T. , Brinckmann CH. , Höllriegel V. , Friedrich H. J. , Dibbelt L. , Seelig M. S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.Rob PM, Dick K, Bley N, Seyfert T, Brinckmann CH, Höllriegel V, Friedrich HJ, Dibbelt L, Seelig MS (Medizinische Uniersität zu Lübeck, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA). Can one really measure magnesium deficiency using the short‐term magnesium loading test?J Intern Med1999246: 373–378.Objective.To compare a 1‐h‐version of a magnesium‐loading‐test (MLT) designed for outpatients in healthy controls with the 8‐h standard; to establish the test in patients after renal transplantation prone to develop magnesium (Mg) deficiency; to correlate femur Mg‐concentration and percentage retention of the given load.Design.Comparision of mean values from healthy controls with respective from the literature; a prospective, randomized, controlled 4‐month study; an intra‐individual correlation of Mg‐serum values and loading‐test data with femur‐Mg concentrations.Setting.One centre study in a medical university; outpatients from the transplant unit; inpatients from the orthopedic unit.Subjects.Twenty‐four healthy controls aged 36.7 ± 7.4 years; 34 patients after renal transplantation (46.5 ± 14.3 years); 41 patients with hip replacement therapy (63.9 ± 18.6 years).Intervention.Baseline Mg values were measured by atomic absoprtion spectroscopy (AAS) in serum and urine. An intravenous Mg load with 0.1 mmol Mg‐aspartate hydrochloride per kilogram bodyweight was given during 1 h. In 24 h‐urine, the amount of excreted Mg was measured by AAS and the percentage retention of the given load calculated according to the formula: 1 −[Mg 24 h‐urine/Mg test dose] × 100. Femur Mg was measured by AAS in a peace of the femur neck. Patients after renal transplantation were randomized after the first Mg load to either obtain daily 5 mmol Mg‐aspartate hydrochloride per kilogram bodyweight, or placebo. Four months later a second loading‐procedure was performed.Main outcome measure.Serum Mg, percentage retention of the given Mg load (%Ret) and femur Mg concentration.Results.Mean serum Mg values were within the normal range. In controls, %Ret was –18 ± 21 and not different from the literature. In the first MLT after renal transplantation, %Ret was 47 ± 43. In patients under Mg medication it decreased significantly to 16 ± 26, but was 58 ± 27 in the placebo group. Femur Mg concentration was 62.6 ± 20.9 mmol kg–1dry substance and the corresponding %Ret was 14 ± 28 withr = – 0.7093.Conclusion.The short‐term version of the MLT is as good as the standard and was easily applied in outpatients. The indication from the good correlation between bone‐Mg and %Ret and a marked decrease in %Ret in patients after Mg medication was that one can really measure magnesium deficiency.
Effects of short‐term administration of growth hormone in healthy young men, women, and women taking oral contraceptives
Authors: Edén Engström B. , Burman P. , Johansson A. G. , Wide L. , Karlsson F. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Edén Engström B, Burman P, Johansson AG, Wide L, Karlsson FA (University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Effects of short‐term administration of growth hormone in healthy young men, women, and women taking oral contraceptives. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 570–578.Objective. Effects of short‐term administration of growth hormone (GH) with respect to gender and oral contraceptives (OCs) were investigated in healthy young adults.Design. Open, prospective 2‐week study.Setting. Clinical research centre, university hospital.Subjects. Three groups of healthy young adults were included: six men, six women with normal menstrual cycles, and six women taking OCs.Interventions. The subjects were given recombinant human GH subcutaneously for 2 weeks: 1 U m–2 body surface daily during the first week, and 3 U m–2 daily during the second week.Main outcome measures. Serum samples were drawn in the morning after overnight fasting on days 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14, and were analysed for GH, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), insulin, testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), lipids and markers of bone metabolism. Second‐void morning urine was analysed for deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr).Results. During administration of GH, serum IGF‐1 increased in the men and in the women without OCs (86 and 52%, respectively). In the OC women, IGF‐1 did not change significantly. Serum insulin increased in all three groups, with the largest change (122%) in the men and the smallest (47%) in the OC women. Blood glucose was unchanged. Total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the LDL/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were reduced in the men only. Biochemical markers of bone resorption (serum procollagen type I, urinary Dpyr) increased in the men, and markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and telopeptide of collagen type I) increased in the men as well as in the women not taking OCs. The testosterone/SHBG ratio increased in the men on account of a reduction in SHBG.Conclusion. The response to short‐term administration of GH differed in the three groups, with the largest effect in the men and the smallest in the OC women. The inhibitory influence of contraceptives underlines the role of sex steroids in modulating the susceptibility to GH.
Ten‐year mortality amongst patients with a very small or unconfirmed acute myocardial infarction in relation to clinical history, metabolic screening and signs of myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Karlson B. W. , Wiklund O. , Hallgren P. , Sjölin M. , Lindqvist J. , Herlitz J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Karlson BW, Wiklund O, Hallgren P, Sjölin M, Lindqvist J, Herlitz J (Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden). Ten‐year mortality amongst patients with a very small or unconfirmed acute myocardial infarction in relation to clinical history, metabolic screening and signs of myocardial ischaemia. J Intern Med 2000; 247: 449–456.Aim. To evaluate the long‐term prognosis amongst patients with a very small or unconfirmed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to clinical history, metabolic screening and signs of myocardial ischaemia at exercise test.Methods. Patients with a very small or unconfirmed AMI, aged < 76 years, were selected and given a clinical evaluation, metabolic screening and checked for ischaemia at an exercise test 4 weeks after admittance. The 10‐year mortality was related to age, sex, clinical history, body weight, serum (S) cholesterol, S‐triglycerides, S‐gammaglutamyltranspeptidase (GT), S‐glucose and various indices of myocardial ischaemia at exercise test.Results. In all, 714 patients participated in the evaluation. The median age was 63 years and 33% were women. The overall 10‐year mortality was 33%. In univariate analysis, the following factors appeared as risk indicators for death: age (P < 0.0001), a history of previous AMI (P < 0.0001), angina pectoris (P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.0001), congestive heart failure (P < 0.0001), smoking (P = 0.030), S‐triglycerides (P < 0.0001), S‐gamma GT (P < 0.0001) and S‐glucose (P < 0.0001).In multivariate analysis, the following remained as independent risk indicators for death: age (P < 0.0001), S‐gamma GT (P < 0.0001), previous AMI (P < 0.0001), smoking (P < 0.0001) and S‐glucose (P = 0.010).Conclusion. Amongst patients with a very small or a unconfirmed AMI, factors reflecting their clinical history, including age, a history of AMI and current smoking, as well as factors reflecting their metabolic status, including S‐gamma GT and S‐glucose, were important predictors for the long‐term outcome.
Markers of hypercoagulation and von Willebrand factor in postmenopausal women with unstable coronary artery disease. Discriminatory ability regarding unstable coronary artery disease and coronary atherosclerosis using receiver operating characteristics
Authors: Nielsen N. E. , Siegbahn A. , Swahn E. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Nielsen NE, Siegbahn A, Swahn E (University Hospital, Linköping, and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Markers of hypercoagulation and von Willebrand factor in postmenopausal women with unstable coronary artery disease. Discriminatory ability regarding unstable coronary artery disease and coronary atherosclerosis using receiver operating characteristics. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 151–158.Objectives. Many women with typical anginal chest pain have normal coronary angiograms. The pathogenetic mechanisms behind the chest pain in these patients are unknown but may be due to increased thrombogenicity. We evaluated markers of hypercoagulation and thrombosis in women with clinical signs of unstable coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods and results. A total of 158 patients with unstable CAD and 101 controls were examined: 16% of the patients had normal vessels and 84% had coronary atherosclerosis at coronary angiography. Mean plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen, soluble fibrin (SF), thrombin–antithrombin complex and d‐dimer were significantly higher, whereas there was no difference regarding prothrombin fragment 1+2 between patients and controls. Patients with coronary atherosclerosis had higher mean plasma levels for most variables compared with those with normal coronary vessels, although only significantly higher for SF. d‐Dimer was significantly higher in patients with normal coronary vessels compared with the control group. Although multivariate analyses showed strong significant correlations of the haemostatic variables to the diagnosis of unstable CAD, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) revealed that none of the variables represented high diagnostic accuracy in separating patients with unstable CAD. Likewise, none of the variables was particularly good at identifying coronary atherosclerosis.Conclusion. Our results are in favour of a hypercoagulable state in postmenopausal women with unstable CAD and coronary atherosclerosis, whereas this does not seem to be the case in patients with normal vessels. ROC revealed no variable to be particularly clinically useful in separating patients from controls or patients from those without coronary atherosclerosis.
Leptin receptor Gln223Arg variant is associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities in response to long‐term overfeeding
Authors: Ukkola O. , Tremblay A. , Després J.‐P. , Chagnon Y. C. , Campfield L. A. , Bouchard C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Ukkola O, Tremblay A, Després J‐P, Chagnon YC, Campfield LA, Bouchard C (Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA; University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Laval University, Ste‐Foy, Québec, Canada; and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA). Leptin receptor Gln223Arg variant is associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities in response to long‐term overfeeding. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 435–439.Objectives. The role of the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene Gln223Arg polymorphism on the metabolic and body composition changes in response to overfeeding was studied.Subjects. Twelve pairs of male monozygotic twins ate a 4.2 MJ day–1 energy surplus, 6 days week–1, during a period of 100 days.Results. Overfeeding induced a significantly greater increase in glucose (P = 0.001 for percentage change) and insulin (P = 0.038) areas under the curve during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in the GlnGln (n = 10) than in the GlnArg/ArgArg (n = 14) subjects. In addition, the GlnGln genotype was associated with a greater increase in plasma levels of leptin (P = 0.037) and total triglycerides (P = 0.003), as well as a greater decrease in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.010), than for the combined GlnArg/ArgArg genotypes. Body composition changes were not different between the genotypes.Conclusions. We conclude that the GlnGln subjects of the LEPR gene polymorphism are more susceptible to metabolic abnormalities when they are exposed to long‐term positive energy balance. These findings provide new information on the genetic basis of individual differences in response to chronically elevated food intake.
Increased erythrocyte content of Ca2+ in patients with Tarui's disease
Authors: Waldenström A. , Engström I. , Ronquist G. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Waldenström
A,
Engström
I,
Ronquist
G (Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå; and University Hospital, Uppsala; Sweden). Increased erythrocyte content of Ca2+ in patients with Tarui's disease. J Intern Med 2001; 249: 97–102.Objectives. To establish by flow cytometry and fluorophores an increased calcium ion load in erythrocytes of four patients with Tarui's disease.Design. Calcium ion levels were determined in erythrocytes of patients and controls under normal and energy‐deprived conditions. Adenylates were measured to assess energy status of incubated erythrocytes.Setting. The experiments were carried out at the Department of Clinical Chemistry of the University Hospital of Uppsala, Sweden.Subjects. Four family members with Tarui's disease participated in the study. The proband (patient 1) was a 39‐year‐old male; patients (male, aged 46 years) 2 and 3 (female, 30 years) were his two siblings. Patient 4 (male, 16 years) was the son of patient 2.Interventions. None.Main outcome measures. Calcium ion homeostasis was measured under basic conditions and under energy‐deprived conditions and related to cellular adenylate content.Results. All patients showed enhanced erythrocyte calcium ion loading compared to controls under energy‐deprived conditions. Under normal conditions, however, three out of the four patients showed an increased erythrocyte calcium ion level compared to controls.Conclusions. We conclude that erythrocytes from patients with Tarui's disease have an increased Ca2+ permeability, initiating compensatory mechanisms involving increased Ca2+ pump activity and increased glycolytic flux, which are not always sufficient to keep erythrocyte calcium ion concentration within physiological range.
Large differences in serum leptin levels between nonwesternized and westernized populations: the Kitava study
Authors: Lindeberg S. , Söderberg S. , Ahrén B. , Olsson T. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Lindeberg S, Söderberg S, Ahrén B, Olsson T (Lund University; and Umeå University, Malmö, Sweden). Large differences in serum leptin levels between nonwesternized and westernized populations: the Kitava study.J Intern Med2001;249:553–558.Objectives. To compare serum leptin between nonwesternized and westernized populations.Setting.  (i) The tropical island of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea and (ii) the Northern Sweden MONICA study population.Design. Cross‐sectional survey.Methods. Fasting levels of serum leptin were analysed in 163 randomly selected Kitavans aged 20–86 years and in 224 Swedes aged 25–74.Main outcome measures. Mean and determinants of serum leptin.Results. Geometric mean of serum leptin in Kitavan males and females were 1.5 and 4.0 vs. 4.9 and 13.8 ng mL−1in Swedish male and females (P < 0.0001 for both sexes). In Kitavans, observed geometric mean were close to predicted levels (1.8 ng mL−1for males and 4.5 ng mL−1for females) based on multiple linear regression equations including body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfolds (TSF) and age from the Swedish population‐based sample. In Kitavans serum leptin was positively related to TSF amongst both sexes and, amongst females, to BMI. In Kitavans leptin was not related to fasting serum insulin. TSF explained 55% of the variation of leptin amongst females. There was a slight age‐related increase of leptin amongst males. In Kitava leptin was not related to fasting serum insulin which was substantially lower than in Sweden.Conclusion. The low concentrations of serum leptin amongst Kitavans probably relates to the absence of overweight and hyperinsulinaemia. At a population level serum leptin can apparently be predicted from simple measures of adiposity.
Asymptomatic versus symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation: clinical and noninvasive characteristics
Authors: Frykman V. , Frick M. , Jensen‐Urstad M. , Östergren J. , Rosenqvist M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Frykman V, Frick M, Jensen‐Urstad M, Östergren J, Rosenqvist M (South Hospital and Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Asymptomatic versus symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation: clinical and noninvasive characteristics. J Intern Med 2001; 250: 390–397. Objective. This prospective study was designed to investigate the differences between asymptomatic versus symptomatic arrhythmia as well as left ventricular dysfunction in a consecutive population of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Design. A total of 282 consecutive outpatients referred with persistent atrial fibrillation formed the study population. A structured medical history was obtained. A two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography to assess the left ventricular function and a 24‐h electrocardiogram (ECG) recording were performed. Irregularity of the heart rhythm was analysed with heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain as well as maximum and minimum heart rate and the longest pause. Setting. Three university hospitals. Results. The mean age of the patients was 69 years and the mean duration of atrial fibrillation was 7 months. The prevalence of symptomatic patients was 68%, while 32% had no symptoms from atrial fibrillation, left ventricular dysfunction was observed in 20%. Asymptomatic subjects had more often lone atrial fibrillation than those with symptoms. Valvular heart disease was an independent predictor of symptoms while male gender, ischaemic heart disease and a high heart rate were independent predictors of impaired left ventricular function. Conclusion. Valvular heart disease is related to symptoms in persistent atrial fibrillation. Ischaemic heart disease, male gender and a high heart rate are more common in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Compromised left ventricular function does, occur also in asymptomatic subjects underlining the importance of a careful investigation including echocardiography in all subjects with persistent atrial fibrillation.
Progress in the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with cancer
Authors: Rosenberg S. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Rosenberg SA (National Cancer Institute, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Progress in the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with cancer (Review). J Intern Med 2001; 250: 462–475.Several recent developments have hallmarked progress in tumour immunology and immunotherapy. The use of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) in cancer patients demonstrated that an immunological manipulation was capable of mediating the regression of established growing cancers in humans. The identification of the genes encoding cancer antigens and the development of means for effectively immunizing patients against these antigens has opened important new avenues of exploration for the development of effective active and cell‐transfer immunotherapies for patients with cancer.
Both cerivastatin and fenofibrate improve arterial vasoreactivity in patients with combined hyperlipidaemia
Authors: ŠEBEŠTJEN M. , ŽEGURA B. , KEBER I. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Šebeštjen M, Žegura B, Keber I (Department of Angiology, Hospital of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia). Both cerivastatin and fenofibrate improve arterial vasoreactivity in patients with combined hyperlipidaemia. J Intern Med 2002; 251: 77–85. Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cerivastatin and fenofibrate on endothelium dependent and independent arterial dilation. Design. In a prospective, double blind study, 38 overweight, nonsmoking, males aged between 40 and 60 years with combined hyperlipidaemia were randomized and, after 6 weeks run‐in phase with American Heart Association step I diet treatment, submitted to 12 weeks' treatment either with fenofibrate (250 mg daily) or cerivastatin. Cerivastatin was given in a daily dose of 0.2 mg for 6 weeks and was increased to 0.4 mg daily, if the LDL‐C did not decrease below 3.0 mmol L−1. Flow‐mediated (endothelium‐dependent) dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin‐induced (endothelium‐independent) [gliceryltrinitrate (GTN)] dilation of brachial artery were measured using high resolution ultrasound. Results. The FMD increased from 3.4 ± 3.3 to 9.3 ± 2.4% (P < 0.001) in the cerivastatin group, and from 3.3 ± 2.8 to 6.5 ± 3.1% (P < 0.001) in the fenofibrate group, the improvement being significantly better after cerivastatin (P=0.006). GTN increased from 11.5 ± 4.1 to 16.2 ± 3.5% (P < 0.01) and from 11.1 ± 2.5 to 16.0 ± 2.9% (P < 0.01), respectively, with no difference between the groups. Cerivastatin reduced total cholesterol by 24%, LDL‐cholesterol by 31%, triglycerides by 24%, ox‐LDL by 29% and increased HDL‐cholesterol by 5%, whilst, after fenofibrate, these changes were −15, −13, −41, −17 and 18%, respectively. Only the decrease of LDL‐C turned out to be an independent predictor the FMD improvement. The improvement in GTN‐induced dilation did not correlate with the changes in blood lipids. Conclusions. Both cerivastatin and fenofibrate lead to an improvement of endothelium‐dependent and endothelium‐independent dilation of brachial artery in overweight patients with combined hyperlipidaemia and no other atherosclerotic risk factors. The effects on FMD were greater in subjects receiving cerivastatin than in subjects receiving fenofibrate, but the effects on GTN were equal in both groups.
Effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on inflammation markers in plasma
Authors: WIKLUND O. , MATTSSON‐HULTÉN L. , HURT‐CAMEJO E. , OSCARSSON J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Wiklund O, Mattsson‐Hultén L, Hurt‐Camejo E, Oscarsson J. Effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on inflammation markers in plasma (Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden). J Intern Med 2002; 251: 338–347. Objectives. To study the effect of statins on plasma markers for inflammation. Design.  Patients with hypercholesterolemia were randomized in one of the following treatments: Simvastatin (S) + placebo: S 40 mg for 6 weeks – S 80 mg for 6 weeks – S 80 mg for 24 weeks and Atorvastatin (A) + placebo: A 20 mg for 6 weeks – A 40 mg for 6 weeks – A 80 mg for 24 weeks. Subjects. Forty‐seven patients with hypercholesterolemia were recruited in four different outpatient clinics. Main outcome measures. Samples were obtained at randomization after 6, 12 and 36 weeks. Plasma or serum was analysed for lipids and for inflammation markers: C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), soluble phospholipase A2 (SPLA2), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Results. The reduction in LDL was similar for the two statins, except at the highest dose of atorvastatin (41 vs. 47%). The increase in HDL tended to be more pronounced in the simvastatin group, significantly so on the highest dose of atorvastatin (P < 0.05). CRP and SAA was significantly reduced by atorvastatin, whilst no reduction was seen for simvastatin. There was a significant difference in treatment effects between the two statins. Both statins caused a reduction in SPLA2. For IL‐6 and ICAM‐1 only small and inconsistent reductions were observed for both statins. Conclusion. Atorvastatin reduced the liver‐derived acute‐phase reactants, CRP and SAA, whilst the effect of simvastatin was small or absent. Small and inconsistent effects were seen for both statins on plasma levels of IL‐6 and ICAM‐1.