bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use, tolerability, benefits and side effects of orthotic devices in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Authors: Bertini Alessandro , Manganelli Fiore , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Schenone Angelo , Santoro Lucio , Cavallaro Tiziana , Tagliapietra Matteo , Grandis Marina , Previtali Stefano Carlo , Falzone Yuri Matteo , Allegri Isabella , Padua Luca , Pazzaglia Costanza , Tramacere Irene , Cavalca Eleonora , Saveri Paola , Quattrone Andrea , Valentino Paola , Tozza Stefano , Gentile Luca , Russo Massimo , Mazzeo Anna , Vita Giuseppe , Prada Valeria , Zuccarino Riccardo , Ferraro Francesco , Pisciotta Chiara , Pareyson Davide 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundShoe inserts, orthopaedic shoes, ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are important devices in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) management, but data about use, benefits and tolerance are scanty.MethodsWe administered to Italian CMT Registry patients an online ad hoc questionnaire investigating use, complications and perceived benefit/tolerability/emotional distress of shoe inserts, orthopaedic shoes, AFOs and other orthoses/aids. Patients were also asked to fill in the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology questionnaire, rating satisfaction with currently used AFO and related services.ResultsWe analysed answers from 266 CMT patients. Seventy per cent of subjects were prescribed lower limb orthoses, but 19% did not used them. Overall, 39% of subjects wore shoe inserts, 18% orthopaedic shoes and 23% AFOs. Frequency of abandonment was high: 24% for shoe inserts, 28% for orthopaedic shoes and 31% for AFOs. Complications were reported by 59% of patients and were more frequently related to AFOs (69%). AFO users experienced greater emotional distress and reduced tolerability as compared with shoe inserts (p<0.001) and orthopaedic shoes (p=0.003 and p=0.045, respectively). Disease severity, degree of foot weakness, customisation and timing for customisation were determinant factors in AFOs’ tolerability. Quality of professional and follow-up services were perceived issues.ConclusionsThe majority of CMT patients is prescribed shoe inserts, orthopaedic shoes and/or AFOs. Although perceived benefits and tolerability are rather good, there is a high rate of complications, potentially inappropriate prescriptions and considerable emotional distress, which reduce the use of AFOs. A rational, patient-oriented and multidisciplinary approach to orthoses prescription must be encouraged.
Implementation preferences for the management of sexually transmitted infections in the South African health system: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Iwuji Collins , Martin Catherine E , Pillay Diantha , Shamu Patience , Nzenze Susan , Murire Mercy , Cox Laura Ashleigh , Miners Alec , Llewellyn Carrie , Mullick Saiqa 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesDespite strengthening HIV prevention with the introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), STI services have remained relatively unchanged and the standard of care remains syndromic management. We used a discrete choice experiment to investigate service users’ preferences for the diagnosis and treatment of STIs in South Africa.MethodsBetween 1 March 2021 and 20 April 2021, a cross-sectional online questionnaire hosted on REDCap was administered through access links sent to WhatsApp support groups for HIV PrEP users and attendees of two primary healthcare clinics and two mobile facilities in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces aged between 18 and 49 years. Participants either self-completed the questionnaire or received support from a research assistant. We used a conditional logit model for the initial analysis and latent class model (LCM) to establish class memberships, with results displayed as ORs and probabilities.ResultsWe enrolled 496 individuals; the majority were female (69%) and <30 years (74%). The LCM showed two distinct groups. The first group, comprising 68% of the participants, showed a strong preference for self-sampling compared with no sampling (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.88). A clinic follow-up appointment for treatment was less preferable to same-day treatment (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.95). Contact slip from index patient (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) and healthcare professional (HCP)-initiated partner notification (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.73) were both less preferable than expedited partner treatment (EPT). The second group included 32% of participants with a lower preference for self-sampling compared with no sampling (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.04). There was no treatment option that was significantly different from the others; however, there was a strong preference for HCP-initiated partner notification to EPT (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.12).ConclusionsOur results suggest that service users preferred STI testing prior to treatment, with the majority preferring self-taken samples and receiving aetiology-based treatment on the same day.
Poison Attack and Poison Detection on Deep Source Code Processing Models
Authors: Li ♂ Jia , Li Zhuo , Zhang Huangzhao , Li Ge , Jin Zhi , Hu Xing , Xia Xin 
Published: November 2023

In the software engineering (SE) community, deep learning (DL) has recently been applied to many source code processing tasks, achieving state-of-the-art results. Due to the poor interpretability of DL models, their security vulnerabilities require scrutiny. Recently, researchers have identified an emergent security threat to DL models, namely,poison attacks. The attackers aim to inject insidious backdoors into DL models by poisoning the training data with poison samples. The backdoors mean that poisoned models work normally with clean inputs but produce targeted erroneous results with inputs embedded with specific triggers. By using triggers to activate backdoors, attackers can manipulate poisoned models in security-related scenarios (e.g., defect detection) and lead to severe consequences.To verify the vulnerability of deep source code processing models to poison attacks, we present a poison attack approach for source code namedCodePoisoneras a strong imaginary enemy.CodePoisonercan produce compilable and functionality-preserving poison samples and effectively attack deep source code processing models by poisoning the training data with poison samples. To defend against poison attacks, we further propose an effective poison detection approach namedCodeDetector.CodeDetectorcan automatically identify poison samples in the training data. We applyCodePoisonerandCodeDetectorto six deep source code processing models, including defect detection, clone detection, and code repair models. The results show that ❶CodePoisonerconducts successful poison attacks with a high attack success rate (average: 98.3%, maximum: 100%). It validates that existing deep source code processing models have a strong vulnerability to poison attacks. ❷CodeDetectoreffectively defends against multiple poison attack approaches by detecting (maximum: 100%) poison samples in the training data. We hope this work can help SE researchers and practitioners notice poison attacks and inspire the design of more advanced defense techniques.
Os ideogramas e a teoria Eisensteiniana
Authors: Shimoda Cauê Felipe 
Published: November 2023

A intenção deste artigo é abordar a relação entre a concepção dialética de montagem ou montagem intelectual, teorizada e defendida por Sergei Eisenstein, e os ideogramas chineses e japoneses. Antes de investigar a natureza e desdobramentos desta relação, é importante mencionar primeiramente o contexto em que o cineasta soviético vivia, sendo habitante da então União Soviética nos anos pós-revolução de 1917, e tendo um pensamento vinculado ao marxismo; e em segundo lugar o que há de particular ao tipo de escrita chinesa e japonesa e suas diferenças em relação à escrita fonética baseada em "dígitos alfabéticos, não-icônicos em si mesmos".
Asymptotic Matching between Weather and Climate Models
Authors: Miura Hiroaki , Suematsu Tamaki , Kawai Yuta , Yamagami Yoko , Takasuka Daisuke , Takano Yuki , Hung Ching-Shu , Yamazaki Kazuya , Kodama Chihiro , Kajikawa Yoshiyuki , Masumoto Yukio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Deep Numerical Analysis for Climate (DNA-Climate) is a pilot project to develop an Earth system model on a kilometer-scale horizontal mesh. The acronym “DNA” is based on the analogies between the hierarchical structures of atmospheric phenomena and living organisms. The multiscale structure of clouds and circulations may be analogous to the multiscale structure of cells and organs organized according to the blueprint, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Whereas global cloud-resolving models (CRMs) can produce better solutions on shorter time scales that are decisively governed by the initial conditions, global climate models (GCMs) may generate reliable solutions on longer time scales that are largely determined to balance energy inputs and outputs. Our challenge is to build a physically valid model that consistently bridges the shorter- and longer-time-scale solutions in the intermediate time scales. Research topics of DNA-Climate are configured in consideration of the structural similarity between the climate modeling and the technique of matched asymptotic expansions in mathematics. The central question is whether a single modeling framework using only either global CRM or GCM will work adequately at all time scales of climate, or whether a multiscale modeling framework combining several models, of which each is only valid for limited time scales, will be needed. A multiscale modeling is an attractive framework for advancing climate modeling and would be an intriguing topic to be studied in parallel with global CRMs and GCMs.
Evaluation of a Probabilistic Subfreezing Road Temperature Nowcast System Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Baldwin Michael E. , Reeves Heather D. , Rosenow Andrew A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Road surface temperatures are a critical factor in determining driving conditions, especially during winter storms. Road temperature observations across the United States are sparse and located mainly along major highways. A machine learning–based system for nowcasting the probability of subfreezing road surface temperatures was developed at NSSL to allow for widespread monitoring of road conditions in real time. In this article, these products were evaluated over two winter seasons. Strengths and weaknesses in the nowcast system were identified by stratifying the evaluation metrics into various subsets. These results show that the current system performed well in general, but significantly underpredicted the probability of subfreezing roads during frozen precipitation events. Machine learning experiments were performed to attempt to address these issues. Evaluations of these experiments indicate reduction in errors when precipitation phase was included as a predictor and precipitating cases were more substantially represented in the training data for the machine learning system.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of a system that predicts the probability of subfreezing road surface temperatures. We found that the system performed well in general, but underpredicted the probabilities when frozen precipitation was predicted to reach the surface. These biases were substantially improved by modifying the system to increase its focus on situations with falling precipitation. The updated system should allow for improved monitoring and forecasting of potentially hazardous conditions during winter storms.
Climate Change Driving Salinity: An Overview of Vulnerabilities, Adaptations, and Challenges for Indonesian Agriculture
Authors: Oelviani Renie , Adiyoga Witono , Mahatma Yuda Bakti I Gede , Suhendrata Tota , Malik Afrizal , Chanifah Chanifah , Samijan Samijan , Sahara Dewi , Arif Sutanto Himawan , Wulanjari Munir Eti , Utomo Budi , Susila Arif , Kurnia Jatuningtyas Ratih , Sihombing Yennita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Climate change has negatively affected agricultural productivity in Indonesia. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on soil salinity caused by climate change, discussed the impact of soil salinity on Indonesian agriculture, examined various strategies for adaptation to salinity, and delivered some ideas for future research. An analysis of 39 identified Scopus articles related to farmers’ vulnerability, adaptation, and practices was carried out. This study was performed in November 2022 and employed Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software. Findings show that salinity has left Indonesia’s agriculture vulnerable to reduced food production, especially for small-scale farmers losing crop yields and land. Various adaptation measures have been initiated, such as restoring soil fertility and using saline-resistant varieties. Irrigation facilities improvements have also been carried out to reduce the risks of soil salinity expansion. Farmers also try social action measures, such as selling assets, borrowing money for daily needs, and even changing jobs. However, for farmers to survive and sustain their businesses, any such measures need to produce satisfactory results. A review of the existing literature reveals a lack of soil salinity studies in Indonesia, which simultaneously points to research gaps not only on the issue of the impact of salinity on income and the vulnerability of small farmers but also on the development of adaptation strategies to address salinity due to climate change.

Significance Statement
Soil salinization caused by climate change is a disastrous problem in Indonesia’s coastal areas that presents a major challenge to the productivity of rice agriculture and difficulties in addressing sustainable food security. To provide researchers with a clear understanding of the current emphasis and future trends in climate change–induced salinity research, systematically analyzing the relevant literature in the existing research area is necessary. The bibliometric analysis in this study shows that research on salinity due to climate change in Indonesia still needs to be completed. Further comprehensive studies to find a focus for managing coastal soil salinity are urgently required to reduce vulnerability and increase adaptation to salinity due to climate change.
Acute Appendicitis in the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York City Single-Center Experience
Authors: Layrisse Landaeta Veronica , Dincheva Gabriela R. , Hong Julie S. , Kim Angelina , Verzani Zoe , Yuan Victoria , Zhang Charles , Chao Steven Y. 
Published: November 2023

Background Appendectomy is the gold standard for simple appendicitis. During the coronavirus-19 pandemic, it was estimated that appendectomies in the United States decreased by 24%. We aimed to describe trends in acute appendicitis management at a center located in one of the largest epicenters of the pandemic. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study in a single institution located in Queens, New York, of patients who presented with acute appendicitis. A pre-COVID time period, March-June 2019, was compared to peak-COVID, March-June 2020, and late-COVID, March-June 2021. Results Of the 382 patients admitted with appendicitis during the time periods, 164 were admitted pre-COVID. Appendicitis presentations decreased by 44% during peak-COVID and 23% in late-COVID. Patients were younger during peak-COVID compared to pre-COVID (39 vs 34 years old, P = .036). Incidence of complicated appendicitis in pre-, peak-, and late-COVID was equivalent (41% vs 46% vs 45%) and operative management was similar (85% vs 76% vs 79%). Non-operative patients had shorter lengths of stay (pre- vs peak-COVID: 4.6 vs 2.9 days, P = .006). Readmission rates were similar between the cohorts across time periods. Conclusions During peak-COVID, there was a significant decrease in presentation of acute appendicitis but clinical presentation and outcomes remained similar between the cohorts. Patients who were managed non-operatively may be discharged earlier without increased rates of readmissions.
Coagulation profile of neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia in full-term newborns
Authors: Zhou Fangye , Huang Min , Zhang Guangjie 
Published: November 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between coagulation system markers and hyperbilirubinaemia in full-term neonates. Methods: This retrospective case–control study enrolled full-term neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia and healthy control full-term neonates. Prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fbg), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were recorded. The correlation between INR and total bilirubin and between INR and indirect bilirubin was analysed by linear regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the efficacy of INR to identify neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia. Results: This study enrolled 40 full-term neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia and 30 healthy controls. PT, INR and APTT were significantly higher in the neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia compared with the healthy controls. There was a significant positive correlation between INR and the level of total bilirubin in neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia ( R = 0.3327). There was also a significant positive correlation between INR and the level of indirect bilirubin in neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia ( R = 0.3406). INR in neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia significantly achieved an area under the curve of 0.800 (95% confidence interval, 0.6288, 0.9712; cut-off value, 1.060; specificity, 71.43%; sensitivity, 80.00%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that INR is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in full-term neonates.
Tenecteplase versus Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Alok , Singh Madhusudan Prasad , Gaikwad Nitin R. , Kannauje Pankaj Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Background A number of clinical trials have compared tenecteplase (TNK) and alteplase for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and the results are inconsistent. Purpose Present systematic review and meta-analysis is undertaken to analyse the efficacy and safety of TNK in AIS compared to alteplase. Summary A thorough literature search was performed through the databases Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov, for a period from inception to September 2022, with the keywords i.e., “tenecteplase” and “alteplase” and “acute ischemic stroke.” Clinical trials published in English that compared the efficacy and safety of TNK to alteplase in AIS were included. The major outcomes of this meta-analysis were proportion of patients free from disability and functional independence at 90 days, early neurological improvement at 24 hours, all-cause mortality at 90 days, patients with intra cranial hemorrhage (ICH), and patients with severe disability at 90 days. A total of nine studies with 3,573 patients were included in the analysis. The proportion of patients with freedom from disability was comparable in both groups (relative risk [RR] = 1.04, 95 per cent CI = 0.92–1.17; p = .53). Similarly, proportion of patients with functional independence was comparable (RR = 1.12, 95 per cent CI = 0.96–1.31; p = .14). TNK group had a higher rate of early neurological recovery (RR = 1.56, 95 per cent CI = 0.96–2.54; p = .07). All-cause mortality at 90 days was comparable in both groups (RR = 0.97; 95 per cent CI = 0.72–1.29; p = .82). The proportion of patients with ICH was higher in TNK group (RR = 1.14, 95 per cent CI = 0.77–1.68; p = .52). The proportion of patients with severe disability was less in TNK group (RR =0.84, 95 per cent CI = 0.53–1.32; p = .44). Key Message TNK was similar to alteplase in terms of efficacy and safety. The patients in TNK group showed early neurological improvement but were simultaneously at higher risk of ICH. The TNK can be an alternative to alteplase if the benefits outweigh the risks.
Too late for early intervention? The Healthy Ageing Service’s mental health response
Authors: Dumble Jessica , Sadler Paul , Cottrell Tanya , Planinic Antonia , Perin Stephanie , Harrison Chris , Moss Francine , Aradhye Shama , Chong Terence WH 
Published: November 2023

Objectives This paper describes the rationale for and development of an innovative mental health service for people aged over 65 years living in Northern and Eastern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Conclusion The Healthy Ageing Service (HAS) was established in July 2020 to provide care for people aged over 65 years experiencing mild-to-moderate mental health concerns. It embraces a prevention and early intervention model of care. It provides primary consultation and brief intervention, secondary consultation, and capacity building to the primary healthcare sector. This innovative service is a Commonwealth-funded partnership between two tertiary mental health service providers that incorporates the recommendations from two major Royal Commissions. It demonstrates a service that acts as a bridge between primary and specialist mental health care, thereby extending mental health services to target the ‘missing middle’ and is potentially a model for mental health service provision throughout Victoria and Australia.
Palliative Care Professionals’ Perceptions of Communication With Sexual and Gender Minority Patients
Authors: Valenti Korijna , Bybee Sara , Nwakasi Candidus , Kano Miria , Coats Heather 
Published: November 2023

Purpose For sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or any other sexual orientation or gender identity (LGBTQ+), the quality of palliative care can depend upon how clinicians view and communicate with this historically minoritized group. Prior literature has demonstrated that SGM patients access care at lower rates, and palliative care clinicians have suggested that SGM patients are more likely to experience discrimination than heterosexual patients. This study examined palliative care clinicians’ perspectives and experiences regarding patient communication, care settings, the built environment, and inclusive care for SGM older adults with serious illness. Methods The health disparities research framework informed a descriptive qualitative analysis of interview data with palliative care professionals (N = 20) across diverse healthcare settings within Colorado regarding their experiences and beliefs about communication and the care of SGM patients. Results Three main themes emerged: (1) Limited sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data collection; (2) Organizational and environmental inclusivity, and the “neutral” space viewed as safe; (3) Missing training platforms regarding SGM patients and a lack of opportunity to identify and discuss SGM patient needs. Conclusion Study findings illuminated the following barriers to providing SGM-inclusive care: perspectives around (1) limitations and preferences regarding collection of SOGI data, (2) organizational and environmental inclusivity, and (3) education and training regarding cultural humility and communication with SGM patients. Findings indicate the need for multidimensional research to better understand and address SGM health disparities and promote equitable care.