bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in diffuse glial tumors diagnosis
Authors: Godoy Luis Filipe de Souza , Paes Vitor Ribeiro , Ayres Aline Sgnolf , Bandeira Gabriela Alencar , Moreno Raquel Andrade , Hirata Fabiana de Campos Cordeiro , Silva Frederico Adolfo Benevides , Nascimento Felipe , Campos Neto Guilherme de Carvalho , Gentil Andre Felix , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Amaro Junior Edson , Young Robert J. , Malheiros Suzana Maria Fleury 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, there have been significant advances in the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas, driven by the integration of novel technologies. These advancements have deepened our understanding of tumor oncogenesis, enabling a more refined stratification of the biological behavior of these neoplasms. This progress culminated in the fifth edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2021. This comprehensive review article aims to elucidate these advances within a multidisciplinary framework, contextualized within the backdrop of the new classification. This article will explore morphologic pathology and molecular/genetics techniques (immunohistochemistry, genetic sequencing, and methylation profiling), which are pivotal in diagnosis, besides the correlation of structural neuroimaging radiophenotypes to pathology and genetics. It briefly reviews the usefulness of tractography and functional neuroimaging in surgical planning. Additionally, the article addresses the value of other functional imaging techniques such as perfusion MRI, spectroscopy, and nuclear medicine in distinguishing tumor progression from treatment-related changes. Furthermore, it discusses the advantages of evolving diagnostic techniques in classifying these tumors, as well as their limitations in terms of availability and utilization. Moreover, the expanding domains of data processing, artificial intelligence, radiomics, and radiogenomics hold great promise and may soon exert a substantial influence on glioma diagnosis. These innovative technologies have the potential to revolutionize our approach to these tumors. Ultimately, this review underscores the fundamental importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in employing recent diagnostic advancements, thereby hoping to translate them into improved quality of life and extended survival for glioma patients.
Long-term epilepsy associated-tumors (LEATs): what is new?
Authors: Rosemberg Sergio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) include a series of neoplasms that commonly occur in children, adolescents, or young adults, have an astrocytic or glioneuronal lineage, are histologically benign (WHO grade1) with a neocortical localization predominantly situated in the temporal lobes. Clinically, chronic refractory epilepsy is usually the unique symptom. Gangliogliomas (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNT) are the most common representative entities besides pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) and angiocentric gliomas (AG). Recent molecular studies have defined new clinicopathological entities, which are recognized by the WHO 2021 classification of brain tumors. Some of them such as diffuse astrocytoma MIB or MYBL1 altered, polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY), and multilocular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) are currently considered LEATs. The relationship between LEATs and epilepsy is still a matter of debate, and there is a general agreement about the beneficial effects of an early neurosurgical intervention on the clinical outcome.
Assessing the Capability of ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing in Solving Radiology Case Vignettes
Authors: Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Narayan Ravi Kant , Mohakud Sudipta , Vats Aditi , Sahani Debabrata , Mondal Himel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background The field of radiology relies on accurate interpretation of medical images for effective diagnosis and patient care. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing have sparked interest in exploring the potential of AI models in assisting radiologists. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the performance of AI models in radiology case interpretation, particularly in comparison to human experts.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Bing in solving radiology case vignettes (Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists 2A [FRCR2A] examination style questions) by comparing their responses to those provided by two radiology residents.
Methods A total of 120 multiple-choice questions based on radiology case vignettes were formulated according to the pattern of FRCR2A examination. The questions were presented to ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Bing. Two residents wrote the examination with the same questions in 3 hours. The responses generated by the AI models were collected and compared to the answer keys and explanation of the answers was rated by the two radiologists. A cutoff of 60% was set as the passing score.
Results The two residents (63.33 and 57.5%) outperformed the three AI models: Bard (44.17%), Bing (53.33%), and ChatGPT (45%), but only one resident passed the examination. The response patterns among the five respondents were significantly different (p = 0.0117). In addition, the agreement among the generative AI models was significant (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.628), but there was no agreement between the residents (Kappa = –0.376). The explanation of generative AI models in support of answer was 44.72% accurate.
Conclusion Humans exhibited superior accuracy compared to the AI models, showcasing a stronger comprehension of the subject matter. All three AI models included in the study could not achieve the minimum percentage needed to pass an FRCR2A examination. However, generative AI models showed significant agreement in their answers where the residents exhibited low agreement, highlighting a lack of consistency in their responses.
Electrophysiological evaluation of the neuromuscular junction: a brief review
Authors: Kouyoumdjian João Aris , Estephan Eduardo de Paula 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe nerve terminal and muscle membrane compose the neuromuscular junction. After opening the voltage-gated calcium channels, action potentials from the motor axons provoke a cascade for the acetylcholine release from synaptic vesicles to the synaptic cleft, where it binds to its receptor at the muscle membrane for depolarization. Low amplitude compound muscle action potential typically presents in presynaptic disorders, increasing by more than 100% after a 10-second effort in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and less in botulism. Needle electromyography may show myopathic motor unit action potentials and morphological instability (“jiggle”) due to impulse blocking. Low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is helpful in postsynaptic disorders, such as myasthenia gravis and most congenital myasthenic syndromes, where the number of functioning acetylcholine receptors is reduced. Low-frequency RNS with a decrement >10% is abnormal when comparing the 4th to the first compound muscle action potential amplitude. High-frequency RNS is helpful in presynaptic disorders like Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, botulism, and some rare congenital myasthenic syndromes. The high-frequency RNS releases more calcium, increasing the acetylcholine with a compound muscle action potential increment. Concentric needle records apparent single-fiber action potentials (spikes). A voluntary activation measures the jitter between spikes from two endplates. An electrical activation measures the jitter of one spike (one endplate). The jitter is the most sensitive test for detecting a neuromuscular junction dysfunction. Most neuromuscular junction disorders are responsive to treatment.
Behavioral or neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: from psychopathology to pharmacological management
Authors: Teixeira Antonio Lucio , Rocha Natalia Pessoa , Gatchel Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeuropsychiatric or behavioral symptoms of dementia encompass a series of disorders, such as anxiety, depression, apathy, psychosis, and agitation, all commonly present in individuals living with dementia. While they are not required for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), they are ubiquitously present in all stages of the disease, contributing to negative clinical outcomes, including cognitive decline, functional disability, and caregiver burden. Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been conceptualized not only as risk factors but as clinical markers of decline along the AD spectrum. The concept of “mild behavioral impairment”, the behavioral correlate of mild cognitive impairment, has been proposed within this framework. The first steps in the management of behavioral symptoms in AD involve defining the target and investigating potential causes and/or aggravating factors. Once these factors are addressed, non-pharmacological approaches are preferred as first-line interventions. Following the optimization of anticholinesterase treatments, specific pharmacological approaches (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics) can be considered weighing potential side effects.
Outcomes of Patients with a Mechanical Heart Valve and Poor Anticoagulation Control on Warfarin
Authors: Johansson Isabelle , Benz Alexander P. , Kovalova Tanya , Balasubramanian Kumar , Fukakusa Bianca , Lynn Matthew J. , Nair Nikhil , Sikder Omaike , Patel Kashyap , Gayathri Sai , Robinson Marlene , Hardy Colin , Tyrwhitt Jessica , Schulman Sam , Eikelboom John W. , Connolly Stuart J. 
Published: December 2023

Background Patients with a mechanical heart valve (MHV) require oral anticoagulation. Poor anticoagulation control is thought to be associated with adverse outcomes, but data are limited.
Objective To assess the risks of clinical outcomes in patients with a MHV and poor anticoagulation control on warfarin.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing MHV implantation at a tertiary care center (2010–2019). Primary outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, or prosthetic valve thrombosis. Major bleeding and death were key secondary outcomes. We constructed multivariable regression models to assess the association between time in therapeutic range (TTR) on warfarin beyond 90 days after surgery with outcomes.
Results We included 671 patients with a MHV (80.6% in aortic, 14.6% in mitral position; mean age 61 years, 30.3% female). Median follow-up was 4.9 years, mean TTR was 62.5% (14.5% TTR <40%, 24.6% TTR 40–60%, and 61.0% TTR >60%). Overall rates of the primary outcome, major bleeding, and death were 0.73, 1.41, and 1.44 per 100 patient-years. Corresponding rates for patients with TTR <40% were 1.31, 2.77, and 3.22 per 100 patient-years. In adjusted analyses, every 10% decrement in TTR was associated with a 31% increase in hazard for the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.52), 34% increase in major bleeding (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.17–1.52), and 32% increase in death (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11–1.57).
Conclusion In contemporary patients with a MHV, poor anticoagulation control on warfarin was associated with increased risks of thrombotic events, bleeding, and death.
Tissue clearing and imaging approaches for in toto analysis of the reproductive system
Authors: Folts Lillian , Martinez Anthony S , McKey Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
New microscopy techniques in combination with tissue clearing protocols and emerging analytical approaches have presented researchers with the tools to understand dynamic biological processes in a three-dimensional context. This paves the road for the exploration of new research questions in reproductive biology, for which previous techniques have provided only approximate resolution. These new methodologies now allow for contextualized analysis of far-larger volumes than was previously possible. Tissue optical clearing and three-dimensional imaging techniques posit the bridging of molecular mechanisms, macroscopic morphogenic development, and maintenance of reproductive function into one cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the biology of the reproductive system. In this review, we present a survey of the various tissue clearing techniques and imaging systems, as they have been applied to the developing and adult reproductive system. We provide an overview of tools available for analysis of experimental data, giving particular attention to the emergence of artificial intelligence–assisted methods and their applicability to image analysis. We conclude with an evaluation of how novel image analysis approaches that have been applied to other organ systems could be incorporated into future experimental evaluation of reproductive biology.
Government, trusts, and the making of better roads in early nineteenth century England and Wales
Authors: Rosevear Alan , Bogart Dan , Shaw-Taylor Leigh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Who develops infrastructure? This paper introduces new data to explain which actors developed better roads in early nineteenth century England and Wales. We find that central Government sponsorship and financing of new roads was limited to 100 miles on sections of the politically important London-Holyhead Road. By comparison non-profit turnpike trusts made almost thirty times more new road mileage by attracting both public and private capital. Although the London-Holyhead Road had the highest quality, most turnpike trust roads were good. By government working with and through trusts, a better road network developed, especially in industrializing areas and along Mail routes.
Could 70 Be the New 60? Investigating the Association Between Internet Use and Subjective Age Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Zhao Menghan , Huang Yuanfeng , Zhang Youlang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The widespread use of the Internet brings both opportunities and challenges for older adults. To understand its potential benefits and drawbacks, we focus on the association between Internet use and multiple indicators of subjective age (threshold age, felt age, and look age) and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of older adults aged 60 and over from 3 waves (collected in 2016, 2018, and 2020) of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey was used in the analysis. A 3-step random-effect model and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between Internet use and subjective age and the mediating roles of volunteering and feeling valued by society. Structural equation modeling with a serial multiple mediation model was conducted for robustness checks.

Results
The participants generally considered 70 as the threshold for “old age.” Although the mediation analysis did not show a significant indirect effect of Internet use on older adults’ subjective age through volunteering, Internet use was linked with older adults’ subjective age directly and indirectly through feeling valued by society. Compared to moderate Internet users, nonusers felt less valued by society and, therefore, had a younger threshold age and older subjective ages. Heavy Internet users showed a lower level of participation in volunteer activities.

Discussion
The results support previous theories about the mental and social health benefits of Internet use among older adults. However, Internet use intensity should receive more attention; excessive use may reduce the duration of older adults’ offline social interactions.
Music Engagement as Part of Everyday Life in Dementia Caregiving Relationships at Home
Authors: Allison Theresa A , Gubner Jennie M , Harrison Krista L , Smith Alexander K , Barnes Deborah E , Covinsky Kenneth E , Yaffe Kristine , Johnson Julene K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Emerging evidence suggests music-based interventions can improve the well-being of people living with dementia, but little is known about the ways in which music might support dementia caregiving relationships as part of everyday life at home. This study examined music engagement in the context of daily life to identify patterns of music engagement and potential targets for the design of music-based interventions to support well-being.

Research Design and Methods
This ethnographic, in-home study of people living with dementia and their family and professional care partners used methods from ethnomusicology, including semistructured interviews and in-home participant observation with a focus on music engagement.

Results
A total of 21 dyads were purposively recruited for diversity in terms of gender, ethnicity/race/heritage, caregiving relationship, and music experiences. Despite participants’ diverse music preferences, 3 distinct music engagement patterns emerged. (a) Professional care partners intentionally integrated music listening and singing into daily life as part of providing direct care. (b) Family care partners, who had prior dementia care nursing experience or family music traditions, integrated music into daily life in ways that supported their personal relationships. (c) In contrast, family care partners, who lacked dementia care experience and had high levels of caregiver burden, disengaged from prior music-making.

Discussion and Implications
The distinct music engagement patterns reflect different needs on the part of dyads. It is important to continue to support dyads who engage in music daily and to consider developing music-based interventions to support well-being among dyads who have become disengaged from music.
The symbolic consumption processes associated with ‘low-calorie’ and ‘low-sugar’ alcohol products and Australian women
Authors: Pitt Hannah , McCarthy Simone , Keric Danica , Arnot Grace , Marko Sarah , Martino Florentine , Stafford Julia , Thomas Samantha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The influence of commercial actors, practices and processes on the health and wellbeing of women is still not well understood. The alcohol industry has developed a range of products to appeal to new ‘health conscious’ markets, such as ‘low-calorie’ and ‘low-sugar’ products. While these products may have specific appeal for women, there has been little in-depth research that has sought to understand how women conceptualize these products and the range of symbolic meanings that women associate with these products. An online qualitatively led survey was conducted with n = 497 Australian women who had consumed alcohol in the last year. Questions related to the reasons for and influences on alcohol use, the purchasing of ‘low-calorie’ or ‘low-sugar’ products and the influence that these products might have on women’s alcohol use. Data were interpreted using reflexive thematic analysis. Women consumed alcohol to relax, cope with everyday stressors and because of the alignment with social practices and social connection. Women perceived that these products provided a healthier alternative to traditional alcohol products and that they aligned with women’s values relating to weight and the thin ideal. Some women were concerned that these products could increase alcohol consumption by reducing the perceptions of risk associated with alcohol. Policy consideration is needed to address how product claims and attributes may influence population groups’ interpretations of the risks and benefits of these alcohol products, including the illusion that these products have protective potential and are better for overall health and wellbeing.
Synergy of polymyxin B and minocycline against KPC-3- and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in dynamic time–kill experiments: agreement with in silico predictions
Authors: Olsson Anna , Malmberg Christer , Zhao Chenyan , Friberg Lena E , Nielsen Elisabet I , Lagerbäck Pernilla , Tängdén Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Combination therapy is often used for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We previously demonstrated synergy of polymyxin B and minocycline against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in static time–kill experiments and developed an in silico pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model. The present study assessed the synergistic potential of this antibiotic combination in dynamic experiments.

Methods
Two clinical K. pneumoniae isolates producing KPC-3 and OXA-48 (polymyxin B MICs 0.5 and 8 mg/L, and minocycline MICs 1 and 8 mg/L, respectively) were included. Activities of the single drugs and the combination were assessed in 72 h dynamic time–kill experiments mimicking patient pharmacokinetics. Population analysis was performed every 12 h using plates containing antibiotics at 4× and 8× MIC. WGS was applied to reveal resistance genes and mutations.

Results
The combination showed synergistic and bactericidal effects against the KPC-3-producing strain from 12 h onwards. Subpopulations with decreased susceptibility to polymyxin B were frequently detected after single-drug exposures but not with the combination. Against the OXA-48-producing strain, synergy was observed between 4 and 8 h and was followed by regrowth. Subpopulations with decreased susceptibility to polymyxin B and minocycline were detected throughout experiments. For both strains, the observed antibacterial activities showed overall agreement with the in silico predictions.

Conclusions
Polymyxin B and minocycline in combination showed synergistic effects, mainly against the KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae. The agreement between the experimental results and in silico predictions supports the use of PK/PD models based on static time–kill data to predict the activity of antibiotic combinations at dynamic drug concentrations.
Diversity and evolutionary history of fossil crayfishes
Authors: Audo Denis , Hasiotis Stephen T , Kawai Tadashi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Freshwater crayfishes are among the most successful freshwater animals and are quite important for society economically, ecologically, and culturally. Since crayfishes are almost exclusively restricted to freshwater, their dispersion potential is much lower than that of marine crustaceans. Their biogeographic distribution is thus the result of a still poorly known long and complex evolutionary history. Most of the efforts made to untangle this history have worked from the distribution of extant crayfishes and their phylogenetic relationships, seldom using the fossil record. We here review the state of our current published knowledge on the fossil record of crayfishes, from their fossilized bodies and burrows. We review the Late Triassic Enoploclytia porteriMiller & Ash, 1988, one of the oldest crayfish body fossils, and show it is most likely a freshwater crayfish and assigned mistakenly to a marine genus. We also discuss burrows from Argentina, suggesting they are actually insect burrows, and burrows and an isolated claw from Libya, which we herein interpret as most likely from brachyuran crabs. We list a total of 65 occurrences or groups of occurrences from across the world and from the Late Devonian to Pleistocene fossils. This long history strengthens the current hypothesis that crayfishes inhabited Pangea and diversified partly via vicariance due to Pangea’s breakup during the Mesozoic and into the Cenozoic. Our review also highlights the importance of fossil burrows and body fossils to understand modern faunas and the importance of taxonomic revision of fossil taxa.