bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeking sustainability
Authors: Ali Saleem H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the notion of sustainability. It explains that the contemporary term of sustainability originates in renewable resource development, particularly forestry management. Sustainability commonly connotes a sense of existential continuity that suggests a win-win outlook for natural resource usage in meeting human aspirations. The chapter then introduces the key concept of extinction, which is the ultimate manifestation of unsustainable usage of a resource but could also create opportunities for other species to flourish. It also discusses the early efforts at global coordination of environmental policies for sustainable resource usage, which includes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
How energy and materials flow through systems
Authors: Ali Saleem H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains that hierarchies and interdependencies between the material and energy flows within sub-systems are vital in understanding sustainability. Sustainability requires people to consider how materials and energy are internally cycled through systems and exchanged between them. The chapter then cites that planetary processes operate as a series of nested systems that are fundamentally predicated on energy and material flows. Energy flows within the planet in line with the sun’s continuous radiation that creates a fuel cell, which requires a source of energy for continuous input of fuel. The chapter discusses carbon mitigation as a touchstone of sustainability and the complex system of scale, time and sustainability.
Anthropogenic change and sustainability
Authors: Ali Saleem H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on anthropogenic change and sustainability. It then highlights the scale of human impacts on the natural environment in terms of material flows, which includes the allocation or distribution of the Earth’s net primary productivity (NPP). Transitioning to a sustainable but democratic society requires a social ecology that focuses on a dialectical process of regulation, education, and behavioural change. The chapter then discusses the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis that involves the environmental concern chosen and the relative determinism of pollution reduction with income. It also provides an overview of the correlation of sustainability, futurism, and intergenerational equity.
Toleration: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Toleration is one of the foundational concepts of modern political life: both praised as an important first step toward securing rights and liberties and criticized as a half-measure that fails to secure equal respect and mutual concern. This Very Short Introduction canvasses the history, development, and contemporary status of toleration, laying out its conceptual foundations; exploring arguments advanced in its favor as well as those offered by its critics; and surveying the eras and regions where rulers and regimes have attempted to implement it as a way of dealing with various types of difference. Finally, it reflects on the prospects of toleration in a globalized, highly polarized, and ever more diverse world.
Enlightenment extensions and expansions
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter carries the story of toleration forward into the Enlightenment and nineteenth centuries, tracing both continuities and divergences. It examines French thinkers like Voltaire and Montesquieu; the politics of religion during the revolutions in France and the United States; and J. S. Mill’s On Liberty. Mill’s “harm principle”—the idea that the only grounds for restricting individuals’ liberty is to prevent harm to others—highlighted social norms and public opinion as dangerous sources of intolerance. After considering the lingering importance of anti-Catholicism in the story of toleration, it concludes with the examples of Kant and Paine, who sought to push toleration beyond the religious, into other domains of human life.
HiCForecast: dynamic network optical flow estimation algorithm for spatiotemporal Hi-C data forecasting
Authors: Pinchuk Dmitry , Chowdhury H M A Mohit , Pandeya Abhishek , Oluwadare Oluwatosin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The exploration of the 3D organization of DNA within the nucleus in relation to various stages of cellular development has led to experiments generating spatiotemporal Hi-C data. However, there is limited spatiotemporal Hi-C data for many organisms, impeding the study of 3D genome dynamics. To overcome this limitation and advance our understanding of genome organization, it is crucial to develop methods for forecasting Hi-C data at future time points from existing timeseries Hi-C data.

Result
In this work, we designed a novel framework named HiCForecast, adopting a dynamic voxel flow algorithm to forecast future spatiotemporal Hi-C data. We evaluated how well our method generalizes forecasting data across different species and systems, ensuring performance in homogeneous, heterogeneous, and general contexts. Using both computational and biological evaluation metrics, our results show that HiCForecast outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithm, emerging as an efficient and powerful tool for forecasting future spatiotemporal Hi-C datasets.

Availability and implementation
HiCForecast is publicly available at https://github.com/OluwadareLab/HiCForecast.
MEGA-GO: functions prediction of diverse protein sequence length using Multi-scalE Graph Adaptive neural network
Authors: Lee Yujian , Gao Peng , Xu Yongqi , Wang Ziyang , Li Shuaicheng , Chen Jiaxing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The increasing accessibility of large-scale protein sequences through advanced sequencing technologies has necessitated the development of efficient and accurate methods for predicting protein function. Computational prediction models have emerged as a promising solution to expedite the annotation process. However, despite making significant progress in protein research, graph neural networks face challenges in capturing long-range structural correlations and identifying critical residues in protein graphs. Furthermore, existing models have limitations in effectively predicting the function of newly sequenced proteins that are not included in protein interaction networks. This highlights the need for novel approaches integrating protein structure and sequence data.

Results
We introduce Multi-scalE Graph Adaptive neural network (MEGA-GO), highlighting the capability of capturing diverse protein sequence length features from multiple scales. The unique graph adaptive neural network architecture of MEGA-GO enables a more nuanced extraction of graph structure features, effectively capturing intricate relationships within biological data. Experimental results demonstrate that MEGA-GO outperforms mainstream protein function prediction models in the accuracy of Gene Ontology term classification, yielding 33.4%, 68.9%, and 44.6% of area under the precision-recall curve on biological process, molecular function, and cellular component domains, respectively. The rest of the experimental results reveal that our model consistently surpasses the state-of-the-art methods.

Availability and implementation
The source code and data of MEGA-GO are available at https://github.com/Cheliosoops/MEGA-GO.
Visual social cues and habitat structure influence the behaviour of a nonsocial insect
Authors: Marcantonio Matteo , Le Levier Mathilde , Kourtidis Argiris , Masier Stefano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and loss is a known threat to biodiversity. Their combined effect leaves organisms in small isolated habitat patches, contributing to the current biodiversity crisis. The first response of animals to environmental change is typically behavioural. Beyond the physical elements of the environment, the ‘social landscape’ shapes the spatial distribution of the habitats available to organisms. Here, we test the hypothesis that visual social cues and habitat structure alter behaviours in a nonsocial insect, the wood white butterfly (Leptidea sinapis, Linnaeus 1758). We tested 85 wild-caught female individuals from landscapes with various habitat structures in outdoor cages reproducing habitats with or without visual social cues. We demonstrate that the presence of same-sex congeners is a social signal to remain within a suitable patch of habitat. We further show that habitat structure is associated with oviposition success and investment in navigation but not with emigration. Butterflies from smaller, more fragmented habitat patches relied more on routine movement and had lower oviposition success compared with those from larger, less fragmented patches (except at the highest temperatures). Many insect species in Europe, including L. sinapis, are reportedly in decline. Our results indicate the importance of considering both physical and social landscape elements when assessing the impacts of landscape changes on insect behaviour, and consequently in the planning of conservation and habitat restoration efforts. Applying this approach to other nonsocial insects will be critical to fully understand how habitat structure influences their populations and contributes to declines.
BHSo5 A systematic review of randomized trials of weight loss before hernia surgery
Authors: Mclurcan Nadia , Findlay John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity is one of the main modifiable risk factors of outcome following hernia surgery, and is strongly associated with hernia recurrence and complications. For this reason weight loss is strongly recommended before hernia surgery. However, weight loss can be extremely difficult for patients to achieve. A number of interventions have been described, however, the evidence for this before hernia surgery is unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing weight loss interventions before hernia surgery.

Methods
A literature search was performed of the PubMed, EMBASE (https://www.embase.com/) and CENTRAL databases on 30th May 2024 using the following search term: (weight OR obes* OR preoptimization OR prehabilitation OR BMI OR diet OR exercise) and (hernia OR abdominal wall reconstruction) AND randomized. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were searched. Studies were screened and reviewed independently by two authors.

Results
2921 articles were identified. After exclusion of duplicates 1707 studies were screened, 20 articles retrieved, and 4 included. Two described the 30 day and 2 year outcomes of a single RCT of non-pharmacological prehabilitation in ventral hernia surgery. Two described RCTs assessing short periods of very low calorie diet before operations which included hernia surgery. Interventions were associated with greater weight loss, with one RCT showing fewer short term complications.

Conclusions
Weight loss before hernia surgery is strongly recommended, but the evidence for this is limited to 3 RCTs, with just one finding short-term benefit. This highlights the need for dedicated robust RCTs.
BHSeP36 Laparoscopic mesh repair of sciatic hernia containing ureter and small bowel: a case report
Authors: Robinson Tanya , Nath Jay , Khan Shakeeb 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sciatic hernia is one of the rarest forms of pelvic hernia, accounting for around 0.01% of all abdominal wall hernias. They are more common in females, and the presentation can vary depending on the hernia contents. The literature initially suggested repair with open trans-gluteal or trans-abdominal approaches, though in more recent years there has been a shift towards laparoscopic techniques. We report our experience of performing laparoscopic mesh repair of a sciatic hernia in a 79 year old woman. The patient was experiencing abdominal pain and subsequent investigations revealed an off-baseline eGFR and a CT scan showing hydroureteronephrosis secondary to a sciatic hernia containing ureter and non-obstructed small bowel. Laparoscopic repair of the sciatic hernia was performed using placement of a self-expanding polypropylene mesh patch; cyanoacrylate glue was used to fix the mesh in place and to close the peritoneum. The patient made a good post-operative recovery and was discharged home the same day. In conclusion, this rare form of hernia was successfully treated using a laparoscopic approach with placement of a mesh patch and cyanoacrylate glue.
BHSeP43 Is small stitch technique feasible for emergency midline laparotomy closures?
Authors: Momin Erbaz , Bhagtani Priyanka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
European & American Hernia Societies have already updated their guidelines to recommend small stitch technique with wound suture ratio of 1:4 for elective midline laparotomy. However there is insufficient evidence for emergency laparotomy. We have conducted a study to generate more data on the subject.

Materials and methods
Consecutive 112 patients undergoing emergency midline laparotomy were included in the study. All patients underwent laparotomy closure with small stitch technique with 1:4 wound suture ratio. Skin was approximated in clean or clean-contaminated cases whereas it was left open for delayed primary or secondary closure in contaminated or infected cases. Patients had weekly follow up for the first 30 days and then later at one year or if symptomatic or develop a swelling around the laparotomy scar.
During the follow up patients are assessed for hernia by Clinical as well as Ultrasound examination.
The endpoints are development of hernia during the follow up.

Results
The study is in progress, Our patient assessment, data collection and analysis is expected to be over in July.
BHSeP46 Growing from strength to strength—results from a tertiary abdominal wall reconstruction centre
Authors: Kalaiselvan Ramya , Rajaretnam Niro , Fitzgerald-Smith Angela , Benson Alex , Samad Ajai , West Chris , Scott Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) is now well-established as a sub-speciality in general and plastic surgery. We present the results of our well-established high-volume multi-disciplinary team (MDT) from a tertiary referral centre.

Methods
Retrospective review of cases from weekly abdominal wall reconstruction MDT from 01 June 2016—31 May 2024 was done. Key stakeholders included 3 Consultants in General surgery and 3 in Plastic surgery, 2 Consultant Anaesthetists and dedicated AWR MDT co-ordinator. Results are presented as Average (range).

Results
During the study period, 3078 patients have been discussed. This includes referrals from other hospitals. We have performed 123 (109–145) AWR operations per year. Mean BMI 30.5 (16.9–55.4). More than 95% of the patients received pre-operative Botox injections which were done by a Single Consultant Anaesthetist as a day case procedure. 78% underwent Rives-Stoppa procedure and 22% underwent posterior component separation with &lt;4% patients who underwent bridging. 96% patients underwent concomitant abdominoplasty/panniculectomy (vertical, transverse, fleur-de-lis) with radical skin and sub-cutaneous fat excision weighing average of 1611 (150–18 000) grams. Bio-synthetic absorbable mesh was used in &gt;80% of the patients. Return to theatre was 1.5% with 30-day mortality &lt;0.5%. Incisional hernia recurrence rate was &lt;3% (excluding the patients who underwent bridged repair). 150 patients remain on our waiting list to be operated.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated, again, that working in an MDT for such highly complex group of patients works very well, giving excellent outcomes. Team working with general and plastic surgeons has offered our patients a true multi-disciplinary knowledge and skills.
Incorporation of selenophene into thienoazacoronene-based nonfullerene acceptor: impact on photophysical and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Kubota Motohisa , Umeyama Tomokazu , Suzuki Wataru , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Akiyama Midori , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The singlet exciton (S1) lifetime of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) films is a crucial factor influencing their photovoltaic performances, as a longer S1 lifetime increases the exciton diffusion length. We previously reported that a NFA with a two-dimensionally π-extended thienoazacoronene (TAC) central core, S-TACIC, exhibits an exceptionally long S1 lifetime in the film. In this study, we examined the effects of replacing thiophene with selenophene on the photophysical and photovoltaic properties. Fluorescence decay measurements showed that the S1 lifetime of the selenophene-substituted TAC-based NFA (Se-TACIC) is longer in solution (500 ps) but significantly shorter in the film (&lt;200 ps) compared to S-TACIC (220 ps in solution and 1,590 ps in film). When blended with the polymer donor PBDB-T, the Se-TACIC-based organic photovoltaic (OPV) device exhibited a lower power conversion efficiency (5.58%) than the S-TACIC-based one (9.92%), due to inferior photovoltaic parameters of the Se-TACIC-based OPV device.
Beyond Balancing: Australia’s Dual-track China Policy
Authors: Chen Lisha , Zhang Baohui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper disputes the popular view that Australia has embraced a balancing posture against China after ditching its previous hedging policy. This is because a balancing perspective does not reconcile with the fact that Australia still actively cultivates economic ties with China. Instead, this paper proposes a new dual-track approach to explain Australia’s China policy. It posits that states can simultaneously pursue balancing and cooperation toward rising powers even after the establishment of threat certainty. Gains from trade with rising powers enhance their long-term aggregate power, which in turn enables more effective balancing against rising powers. Australia, a typical trading state, is particularly motivated to pursue this dual-track strategy toward China to maximize both its security and power. Although this dual-track approach also exhibits the co-presence of balancing and cooperation, it is very different from the hedging approach. While the hedging approach rests on the uncertainty of threats posed by a rising power, the dual-track approach is defined by such certainty. Whereas the hedging approach pursues limited and restrained balancing to manage the security dilemma with rising powers, the dual-track approach practices hard balancing. While the hedging approach uses economic engagement to shape a rising power’s intentions and behaviors, the dual-track approach only seeks profit from a rising power’s economic ascent. Finally, while the hedging approach allows largely unrestrictive economic cooperation, the dual-track approach incorporates geoeconomics to restrict cooperation in security sensitive domains. This dual-track perspective not only offers a new and novel perspective on how states respond to power shifts but also explains the “fear and greed” motto that underlies Australia’s China policy.
Association between air pollutants and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a 5-year time series analysis
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Qiang , Ni Song , Li Jie , Qin Chongzhen , Deng Wangsheng , Deng Zhe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to analyse the yet unclear correlation between air pollutant concentrations and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Shenzhen, China.

Methods and results
A 5-year time series analysis of all OHCA events reported to the Shenzhen Emergency Center was conducted. Quasi-Poisson regression, controlling for meteorological variables (daily mean relative temperature and humidity) with multivariable fractional polynomial and using Fourier series to adjust for long-term trends and account for periodic patterns, was used to assess the association among particulate matter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), particulate matter of ≥10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and OHCA. Data from 16 769 patients who experienced OHCA were analysed. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with a higher risk of OHCA (relative risk (RR): 1.026 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.053]) on lag Day 1. A similar increase in PM10 was linked to an immediate risk of OHCA on the onset day (RR: 1.02 [95% CI: 1.005–1.036]) and a cumulative risk on lag Day 1 (RR: 1.021 [95% CI: 1.003–1.039]). An increased risk of OHCA was associated with NO2 and O3 exposure, while a reduced risk of OHCA was associated with SO2 and CO exposure in the subsequent 5 days. The relationship between PM2.5 and OHCA varied by gender and arrest rhythm. A reduction in the average daily PM2.5 concentration by 1 µg/m³ could decrease the incidence of OHCA attributable to PM2.5 exposure by 4.60%, while a reduction by 3 µg/m³ could decrease it by 18.41% on lag Day 1. PM2.5 was significantly associated with the occurrence of OHCA on lag Day 1. This association was modulated by gender and arrest rhythm.

Conclusion
Improving the levels of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 could decrease the risk of OHCA and the demand for emergency medical service related to PM2.5 exposure.
Millennial axially symmetric Magneto-Coriolis modes in Earth’s fluid core
Authors: Dumberry Mathieu , Gerick Felix , Gillet Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Magneto-Coriolis (MC) modes in Earth’s fluid core involve oscillations sustained by the combined effect of the Lorentz and Coriolis forces. Here, we investigate the properties of MC modes that involve purely axisymmetric flow, which we term axiMC modes. We provide a basic description of the wave dynamics of these modes, and simple predictions for the expected scalings of their frequency $\omega$, decay rate $\lambda$ and quality factor Q based on a uniform ambient magnetic field. In particular, Q scales with the Elsasser number $\Lambda$, which depends on the square of the r.m.s. strength of the azimuthally averaged meridional field. When $\Lambda \gt 1$, $Q\gt 1$ and axiMC modes may be excited; when $\Lambda \ll 1$, $Q\ll 1$ and axiMC modes revert to quasi-free magnetic decay modes. We present computations of axiMC modes in an inviscid, electrically conducting sphere for two idealized ambient magnetic field configurations, a uniform axial field and an axial poloidal field. We show that a flow gradient in the axial direction is a key property of axiMC modes. For the uniform axial field, $\omega$, $\lambda$ and Q follow the scalings expected for a uniform field. For the axial poloidal field, the structure of the modes changes substantially when $\Lambda \gtrsim 1$, becoming more concentrated in regions of lower field strength. The combination of this structural change and advection of field lines by flow significantly increases $\lambda$, resulting in a Q that remains close to 1 even at high $\Lambda$. For a magnetic field strength inside the Earth’s core of a few mT, the gravest axiMC modes are expected to have periods in the range of one thousand to a few thousand years and a Q not substantially above 1. AxiMC modes may be connected to a part of the observed millennial changes in Earth’s magnetic field, may exchange axial angular momentum with the mantle, and hence may also explain a part of the observed millennial changes in length of day.
Implantation of a temporary microaxial left ventricular assist device via the right axillary artery in a patient with aberrant right subclavian artery
Authors: Amar Gabrielle , Elgar Guy , Shimamura Junichi , Ohira Suguru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A temporary microaxial left ventricular assist device is commonly implanted via the right axillary artery to treat decompensated heart failure or cardiogenic shock. However, limited literature describes implantation in a variant aortic arch anatomy setting. We present a case of implantation via the right axillary artery in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery (Arteria Lusoria) as a bridge to heart transplantation.