bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter XII
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Betty, seeing how matters were going on between Dorcasina and John, and that he was more caressed than ever, was quite in despair that Scipio was not likely, with all his stratagems, to prevent this connection, a connection so degrading to her mistress, and so painful to herself; and was resolved to make one effort more to break it off. With this view, a few evenings after the night, on which the events related in the preceding chapter had happened, without communicating her intention to any one, not even to Scipio, she directed her steps to the house of Mr. Stanly. On inquiring for Mrs. Stanly, she was informed that she was in the parlour, with no other company than Miss Harriot. She presented herself before them, they received her with kindness, and after many inquiries about the health of Miss Dorcasina, whom neither of them had seen since the day after Harriot’s return from Philadelphia, on account of Mrs.Stanly’s indisposition, Betty informed them that she had come to entreat their advice and assistance. Shethen opened before them her whole budget of trouble. She told them that Miss Dorcasina had taken John for a gentleman; that she had fallen in love with him; that he slept in her father’s chamber, and dressed in his clothes; that Miss Dorcasina called him Mr. Brown, and made all the servants call him so; that he eat, and passed most of his time with her; and finally, that she was resolved very soon to marry him.
Chapter XIV
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
“‘That Montague,” said John, next morning at breakfast, “is the most impudentest fellor I ever heard of. Why, if you suffer him to go on at this rate, he’ll draw his sord and turn us all out o-doors before long.” Dorcasina, gratified, as was before observed, with the conquest, and greatly amused with her new lover’s vanity, vivacity, and singular manner of making love, replied, “Oh, we must in compliance with my promise, bear with his freaks for a short time. He is young, impetuous, and vain, and I do not think he is worth being seriously offended with.” It now became a matter of curiosity whence he came, and with whom he resided, as they never had seen him except at those two visits, nor ever heard that there was such an officer in the village. It was agreed, therefore, that, at his next visit, Dorcasina should endeavour to find out these particulars; for they had both an equal curiosity to be informed of them.
Chapter XVI
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The time was now come when Harriot, with the consent of her parents, had agreed to become the wife of captain Barry. He had written to Mr. Stanly to have the banns published, in due form, and arrived at L-­ the very next week after Dorcasina, as before related, had left it. The first evening he was too much taken up with his beloved Harriot, to interest himself about any other person, till she, in her sprightly manner, rallied him upon his ingratitude, and the unsuitable return he made for the affection Dorcasina had formerly lavished upon him. “You do not even inquire,” said she, “whether she be dead or alive.” “I am ungrateful I confess,” replied he, “and ask the lady’s pardon. When did you see her? I hope she is well.” Harriot then gave him a particular account of all her late transactions; informing him how she had visited Dorcasina, in the character of a young officer, in the hope of detaching her from Brown; her ill success in the affair; and, finally, the plan they had concerted, and put in execution for conveying her out of the reach of both Brown and the books that had so wretchedly perverted her understanding.
Chapter XVII
Authors: Tenney Tabitha Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dorcasina had been now nearly six months a prisoner, without having once attempted to make her escape, being so narrowly watched by Giles, that she saw no probability of accomplishing it. The summer, had she been accompanied by her dear Brown, would have passed not unpleasantly. When the weather was fine, she rode, attended by Giles, or walked, accompanied by Betty. When it would not admit of either of these diversions, the well chosen books, with which she had been supplied, amused her within doors. She more than once attempted to learn from Giles and his wife, where the person belonged, by whose means she had been brought thither: but their constant answer was that they were engaged to secrecy. Betty, at her first arrival, had privately intimated that her mistress believed she owed her present confinement to a young officer, who pretended a violent passion for her. They were, therefore, not surprised at her interrogations respecting Montague, supposing the mistake, under which she laboured, was a consequence of her derangement.
Ain ‘t forgettin ‘ it”
Authors: Clark E Culpepper 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When Wallace and the Kennedys locked horns in Tuscaloosa, few expected a fight to the death, and most expected the one with more muscle to win. Thus Americans saw on TV what they expected, though the conclusions drawn differed between viewers in Massachusetts and those in Alabama. Outside the South, most who watched saw Wallace as Robert Kennedy did; a second-rate figure easily dismissed; but in Ragland and Geneva and Gordo, Alabama, Wallace emerged the victor. He spoke confidently, they observed; he told ‘em, they reasoned. He stood up. He kept the faith. Shortly after it was over, E.L.
The Study of Secularization
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are several ways of expressing what this book is about. It is about the change from a religious culture to a religious faith. It describes the secularization of English culture and society, in the sense of a separation of almost all aspects of life and thought from religious associations or ecclesiastical direction. Rather incidentally, it will show how thoroughly religion had permeated English culture before these changes, and how differently we must think of religion in such a context. We will see which aspects of life were first affected by the marginalization of religion, and which maintained their religious associations long est. And the study will try to show who or what was responsible for this momen-tous change, and when it was effectively completed.
The Secularization of Space
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An Englishman, Sir Isaac Newton, is remembered as a pioneer of modern thought for having postulated the uniform grid of space on which a rational age plotted all activity within the universe. This empty, neutral world was first set before the scholarly reader in 1687, in Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathe-matica.Two hundred years earlier, such a featureless world would have seemed strange indeed. Space (and time) had nodes at which spiritual forces intersected with earthly life. Space was not uniform but differentiated, with certain spots at which one was more likely to meet God, just as there were certain times when God was more likely to be present. Naturally, the Church had become the custo-dian of such times and places. Not that it could make them sacred by its fiat, but it was unavoidable that sacred days and sacred shrines should be managed by God’s ministers.
The Politics of Secularization (1529-1603)
Authors: Sommerville C John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One would expect a change which reached so deep as the basic sense of space or time to be subtle, gradual, and unconscious. But what we have seen has been rapid. It has involved deliberate, political decisions and has developed according to a conscious rationale. A narrative of this religious revolution will show more of the intentions of the parties involved and of the reactions to change.
A “Golden Decade” for American Jews: 1945-1955
Authors: Goren Arthur A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Few would deny the proposition that American Jewish life has undergone a radical transformation in the half century since the end of the Second World War. Lucy Dawidowicz, in a synoptic review of American Jewish history, recently captured this sense of major change in two chapter titles. She designated the years 1920 to 1939, “Decades of Anxiety,” and the years 1945 to 1967, “The Golden Age in America.” “Recovery and Renewal” is how Dawidowicz conceived of the postwar period as a whole.
Value Added: Jews in Postwar American Culture
Authors: Whitfield Stephen J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Americans are “descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in their manners and customs,” John Jay wrote in The Federalist No. 2, in defense of the new Constitution. At least he got the politics right: All the basic political institutions of the United States had been created by the end of the eighteenth century, and none since then. But the Framers could scarcely have imagined how the culture would keep shifting into new configurations. Regional and ethnic customs would vary widely, new languages would get injected (at least for one or two generations) and religious pluralism would become legitimated, largely because Americans increasingly did not have the same ancestors.
The Founders 1640-1670
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The story of Richard Lee, the family’s founder in Virginia, glows with success. His achievement was the sort many residents of seventeenth century England yearned to duplicate. They peered across the Atlantic, drawn by hopes for wealth and eminence said to be found along the James River. Of course, there were other colonists whose careers are too easily ignored. For some, Virginia was a last hope, an outlet for desperation, while many had not even a choice in the matter. They often arrived in chains with no future except to toil for their betters. But of those who came freely, carrying ambition, talent, and industry, few who survived the New World’s rigors had the good luck that transformed Richard Lee from a Britisher of modest beginnings into a Virginian of highest standing.
The Scholar 1664-1715
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When his father, the Founder, died in 1664, young Richard Lee was a student in England, presumably at Oxford. Although he was only seventeen at the time, we are told his talents had already profoundly impressed the faculty. According to Richard’s grandson, William Lee, some of England’s “great men” guaranteed if the youth was allowed to remain at Oxford, they would see that he rose “to the highest dignities” in the Church of England.
“Dear Brother. . .”:1750-1774
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Both the Squire and the Widow had sought a cordial relationship with their kinfolk at Stratford, whose occupants tried to reciprocate in the spirit of a letter which the eldest among them, Philip Ludwell Lee, wrote to the Squire: “When one person was tied by blood to another, as I am to you, nothing shall be wanting on my part to make us enjoy a constant and harmonious friendship.” Though his nature was very different from those of the Squire and the Widow, Phil Lee, whom his relatives always called Colonel Phil, was an extraordinary personality in his own right. While the Squire was de scribed as a “rough diamond,” Colonel Phil earned the characterization once applied to his parents, being considered haughty, condescending, and even rude to persons of lesser station.
Ambition in London 1768-1774
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After William Lee helped his sister Alice escape Colonel Phil and go to London in 1 760, the two of them lived with Philip Ludwell, their mother’s widower brother. He had recently emigrated from Virginia with his three daughters. There were no sons. When William returned to Strat ford in 1763, he doubtless carried memories of cousin Hannah Ludwell. As Uncle Philip’s eldest child, she would someday be mistress of Green Spring, once Sir William Berkeley’s vast estate on the James River.
Hiding in Paris: 1829-1840
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As she said goodbye to Henry, Lucy Carter urged that he “treat Ann with the utmost tenderness. It would be well to hum our her peculiarities if she has any. Then they would wear off.” Lucy chose to add: “If I have said anything offensive, you must forgive me for it, as be assured the best motives dictate what I have said.” For themselves as Lees, Lucy said she could not avoid the conclusion “that we are both unfortunate.” Henry’s brother and agent, Carter Lee, was more concerned that Henry live prudently while abroad. He warned Henry to manage within his salary. What little income there was from the rental of Ann’s slaves must go to helping pay creditors in America. Ann’s property must be sacred, Carter admonished: “It would be wrong in you to attempt to diminish it.” At least Henry now had a steady, if modest, stipend as an employee of the United States government-or so the consul in Algiers and his brother assumed. But this security vanished in March 1830 when the United States Senate, by unanimous vote, denied Henry Lee his federal appointment. The senators discussed the nomination in secret session, using materials apparently supplied by Virginia’s senator John Tyler with the aid of Ann and Betsy’s uncle William Robinson. Thanks to Tyler and Robinson, evidently Henry’s adultery with Betsy was graphically re counted on the floor of the Senate.
Final Valor: 1865 1870
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the war approached its end, Robert tried to encourage Mary. Admit ting that Grant’s forces “seem to have everything their own way,” he said the Confederacy must trust “a Merciful God, who does not always give the battle to the strong.” He offered no prayers for victory, acknowledging that his supplications could only be “that we may not be over whelmed.” Not mentioning how he was outnumbered at Petersburg nearly three to one, Robert merely assured Mary that he would, as always, “do my duty and fight to the last.” With winter turning into the sorrowful spring of 1865, Robert’s letters home became the merest notes as he tried desperately at Fort Stead man and Five Forks to repel the Federal power. He placed Mary in the care of brother Smith Lee, who was no longer active in the war, telling them “we can only toil and trust.” God could be relied upon to “do all things right.” Taking what was left of his army, about 35,000 exhausted hungry men, Robert abandoned Petersburg on 2 April. Forced to allow Richmond to fall, he headed southwest toward Danville, where he thought another show of resistance might be possible.
Looking into the Living Brain
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For many science writers and scientists, the human brain is the last uncharted frontier. Science fiction stories tell of futuristic devices that can read a person’s thoughts as they are taking place. In fact, in the movie Foxfire, Clint Eastwood steals a Russian fighter plane whose computer flight systems are controlled directly by the pilot’s thoughts. Are there such windows on the mind that can tell us how the brain’s activity enables us to speak, think, or drive a car? Some scientists believe that modem diagnostic machines can do just that.
Neurons at Work
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter we discussed how various techniques allow us to monitor activities of nerve cells without going into much detail about how these extraordinary cells work. In the human brain, it is impossible to see nerve cells with the naked eye, even though their fibers can extend for many millimeters. With proper staining techniques, these cells can be seen with a microscope that magnifies them to 40 times their size. But to visualize the structures inside the nerve cells, powerful, electron microscopes are required that can magnify up to 10,000 times actual size! It is almost hard to believe that something so small can be so complex, containing machinery that can produce chemicals for cell maintenance and growth as sophisticated as the most modern pharmaceutical factory.
Regeneration, Repair, and Reorganization
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The art and science of neurology is based on the physician’s ability to name and diagnose the diseases of the nervous system. These specialists can now employ a highly sophisticated battery of both classic and new technologies that can be used to identify the problem (the CAT and PET scans, the EEG, among others, which were discussed in Chapter 2). Despite all this elegant and expensive machinery, the neurologist must still be able to recognize the sometimes very dramatic and sometimes quite subtle changes in sensory, motor, and behavioral functions that can be caused by disease or injury to the brain. Once a diagnosis has been reached, what then? With all the high-tech machinery available, there are still no “miraculous” cures or treatments for brain injuries or diseases. In fact, the options for effective medical treatment of brain injury and degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease, are very limited. That may be one reason why neurologists are often guarded or downright pessimistic in their prognoses.
Brain Transplants as Therapy for Brain Injuries?
Authors: Stein Donald G , Brailowsky Simon , Will Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Research on using grafted tissue to promote brain repair actually began early in this century, but continuously disappointing results and limited availability of methods to study the process led some people to believe the mature brain had no capacity for healing. Fortunately, science exists to challenge established dogma. Facing the “impossible” often spurs researchers on to new discoveries that excite the public and the scientific community alike.
Education of a Physician
Authors: Goetz Christopher G , Bonduelle Michel , Gelfand Toby 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1825, when Jean-Martin Charcot was born in Paris, his country was still heavily influenced by the events and philosophical guideposts of the French Revolution. The stormy days of the First Republic were past, Napoleon had been dead for four years, and the people surrounding Charcot-his parents, neighbors, and teachers—were the survivors of these historic events. Charcot was born into the turmoil of continued political change that included the final phase of the Restoration and the revolts of 1830, romantically immortalized by Victor Hugo in Les Misérables.
The Development of a Career in Neurology
Authors: Goetz Christopher G , Bonduelle Michel , Gelfand Toby 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is no specific turning point when Charcot’s effort became purely neurological. Just as his very early works included some neurological subjects, even late in his life Charcot continued to discuss and study diseases of general medical interest. But, by 1868, six years after taking his Salpêtrière post, Charcot’s publication record and teaching showed a profound shift in emphasis, and in almost all instances his writings involved material and cases that were directly or indirectly related to nervous system illness (Charcot, 1872).
Fame
Authors: Goetz Christopher G , Bonduelle Michel , Gelfand Toby 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By the end of the 1870s, Charcot had attained an enviable position in the French medical hierarchy. As senior physician at the Salpetriere, Faculty professor, and member of the Academy of Medicine, he could consider himself at age 55 as successful as the several dozen other Paris physicians in similar circumstances. But there was little to suggest the extraordinary fame Charcot would achieve during the coming decade. Neither his professorship in pathological anatomy, an undersupported chair, nor his infrequent appearances at the Faculty council or meetings of the Academy had earned him particular distinction in these academic settings.
From the Continent to England, 1889-1925
Authors: Sherry Vincent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the Terror subsided in postrevolutionary Paris, liberal intellectuals — Marie Jean Condorcet, Emmanuel (“Abbé”) Sieyes, Antoine Destutt de Tracy—found themselves allied in a well-founded skepticism about the practical validity of the new political ideals. Liberty and equality and fraternity, urgent but nonetheless abstract notions, had manifestly failed to guide civil behavior in the desired direction. And so this loose confederacy of thinkers, members of the Class of Moral and Political Sciences at the newly formed Institute of France, sought to return social thinking to an older Enlightenment tradition. Empirical inquiry into human physiology, in particular the faculties of perception and cognition, and not the reiteration of preconceived ideas, must provide the concepts to guide self-government.
Epilogue
Authors: Sherry Vincent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
That modernism proclaims a poetics of colloquial music is a persistent critical myth. Like the old doctrine of cosmic harmonies, which abided restively among skeptical scientists in the Renaissance, the aural fallacy in modernist criticism speaks to needs as urgent as they are uneasy. The belief that Lewis and Pound address us through the familiar sounds of idiom, thus redressing the material of common speech to a higher artistic order, allows us to soften the outline of the starker, elitist societies they ended up supporting. The distance these writers place between their art and the noise made by language is the area of awareness I have attempted to establish as essential in the study of their work.
Henri F. Ellenberger: The History of Psychiatry as the History of the Unconscious
Authors: Micale Mark S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The French-Canadian medical historian Henri F. Ellenberger is best remembered today as the author of The Discovery of the Unconscious, published in 1970.1 A brilliant, encyclopedic study of psychological theory and therapeutics from primitive times to the middle of the twentieth century, Ellenberger’s book was widely regarded upon publication as a major, masterly work. Twenty years later, it remains simply indispensable to research in many areas of the history of psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis.
Alabama Roots
Authors: Ball Howard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Winter is windstorm and hurricane time in Alabama. On a dreary day in late February 1886, the Black family solemnly walked over a wavering bridge that spanned the Enittechopcho Creek and traveled the narrow road up to Old Mount Ararat Cemetery at Bluff Springs. Perched atop a hill overlooking their small town, the cemetery was the site of the family’s burial grounds. They were there that day to bury two-year-old “Little Della,” the youngest child of William Lafayette Black and Martha Ardellah Toland Black, who was named for Hugo’s mother. The tombstone, still stark over one hundred years later, reads:
Little Della Daughter of W. L. and M. A. Black Born, February 28, 1884 Died, February 22, 1886
Martha, mourning the death of her young daughter, was also expecting new life. She was in her ninth month of carrying Hugo. About one week later, on February 27, 1886, on yet another harsh and gloomy winter’s day, Hugo Lafayette Black, was born on his parents’ farm in Harlan, in rural Clay County. He was named after the famous author Victor Hugo—whose works were read by Mrs. Black and by Leora, one of her daughters—and after his father, whose middle name was Lafayette.