bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-move: a randomized control trial of exercise in patients with advanced pancreatic or biliary tract cancer (aPBC) receiving beyond first-line chemotherapy
Authors: De Lazzari Nico , Götte Miriam , Kasper Stefan , Meier Eileen , Schuler Martin , Pogorzelski Michael , Siveke Jens T. , Tewes Mitra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with advanced pancreatic and biliary tract cancer (aPBC) frequently suffer from high symptom burden. Exercise can reduce treatment side effects and improve patient-related outcomes (PROMs). However, evidence from prospective studies regarding feasibility and efficacy in advanced settings are sparse. The primary aim of this prospective, randomized-controlled study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of exercise (ET) in patients with aPBC.
Methods
Patients with PBC beyond first-line therapy were randomized according to the minimization procedure with stratification by gender, age, and loss of body weight in the past six months. The intervention group (IG) completed 3 training units/week for 8 weeks (1x supervised strength sessions, 2x individualized home-based sessions). Control group (CG) received recommendations on physical activity during cancer.
Results
41 patients (stage IV pancreatic or biliary tract cancer) were included no adverse events related to exercise occurred during the trial. Physical function increased significantly in IG in 5 out of 7 physical domains. Comparison of IG and CG at 8 weeks (t2) showed significant differences in favour of IG in leg press (p = 0.001), bench press (p = 0.011), sit-to-stand (p = 0.001) and crunch (0.006). Constipation revealed a significant difference in favour of IG at t2 (p = 0.033). Quality of life stabilized/increased in IG during the study period compared to a decrease in CG. Throughout/Over the 8 weeks, fatigue notably reduced in the IG (p = 0.028).
Conclusion
Exercise is safe and feasible in patients with aPBC undergoing further line therapy. Significant improvements in physical functioning and increased quality of life were achieved.
German Clinical Trials Register ID: DRKS00021179; Registration date 15.05.2020
Pre-movement muscle co-contraction associated with motor performance deterioration under high reward conditions
Authors: Senta Naoki , Ushiba Junichi , Takemi Mitsuaki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Reward usually enhances task performance, but exceptionally large rewards can impede performance due to psychological pressure. In this study, we investigated motor activity changes in high-reward situations and identified indicators for performance decline. Fourteen healthy adults practiced a velocity-dependent right-hand motor task for three days, followed by a test day with varying monetary reward for each trial. Participants were divided into low performers (LPs) and high performers (HPs) according to whether success rate decreased or increased, respectively, on the highest reward trials compared to lower reward trials. Both LPs and HPs demonstrated increased hand velocity during higher reward trials, but only LPs exhibited a significant increase in velocity variance. There was also a negative correlation between the pre-movement co-contraction index (CCI) of the biceps and triceps muscles and success rate on the highest reward trials. This correlation was confirmed in a second experiment with 12 newly recruited participants, suggesting that pre-movement CCI is a marker for performance decline caused by high reward. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce pre-movement CCI such as biofeedback training could be useful for preventing the paradoxical decline in motor performance associated with high rewards.
The impact of HIV infection on skeletal maturity in peripubertal children in Zimbabwe: a cross sectional study
Authors: Nyakoko Farirayi , Gregson Celia , Westbury Leo D , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Offiah Amaka C , Micklesfied Lisa , Ferrand Rashida , Rehman Andrea M , Ward Kate A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
HIV infection and its treatment compromises skeletal development (growth and maturation). Skeletal maturity is assessed as bone age (BA) on hand and wrist radiographs. BA younger than chronological age (CA) indicates delayed development. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine differences between BA and CA (i.e., skeletal maturity deviation [SMD]), and risk factors associated with SMD in peripubertal children with and without HIV established on antiretroviral therapy (ART) including use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).
Methods
Children with HIV taking ART for at least two years and a comparison group of HIV-negative children, aged 8-16 years and frequency-matched by age and sex, were recruited from HIV clinics and local schools in the same catchment area, in Harare, Zimbabwe. BA was assessed from non-dominant hand-wrist radiographs using the Tanner Whitehouse 3 method. Negative SMD values correspond to delayed development, i.e., BA younger than CA. Multivariable linear regression models determined factors associated with SMD overall, and in children with HIV.
Results
In total, 504 participants (54% males) were included; by design CA was similar in males and females, whether living with or without HIV. Mean (SD) SMD was more negative in CWH than in HIV-negative children in both males [-1.4(1.4) vs. -0.4(1.1) years] and females [-1.1(1.3) vs. -0.0(1.2) years]. HIV infection and weight-for-age Z-score<-2 were associated with more negative SMD in both males and females after adjusting for socio-economic status, orphanhood, pubertal stage, and calcium intake. Age at ART initiation was associated with SMD in females with those starting ART later more delayed: starting ART aged 4-8 years 1.14 (-1.84, -0.43), or over 8 years 1.47 (-2.30, -0.65) (p-value for trend <0.001). Similar non-significant trends were seen in males. TDF exposure was not associated with delayed development.
Conclusion
Perinatally-acquired HIV infection and being underweight were independently associated with delayed skeletal maturation in both males and females. Starting ART later was independently associated with skeletal maturation delay in females with HIV. Given the known effects of delayed development on later health, it is important to find interventions to ensure healthy weight gain through early years and in CWH to initiate ART as early as possible.
Detection of neoplastic-immune hybrid cells with metastatic properties in uveal melanoma
Authors: Anderson Ashley N. , Conley Patrick , Klocke Christopher D. , Sengupta Sidharth K. , Pang Amara , Farley Hannah C. , Gillingham Abigail R. , Dawson Aubrey D. , Fan Yichen , Jones Jocelyn A. , Gibbs Summer L. , Skalet Alison H. , Wu Guanming , Wong Melissa H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Uveal melanoma is the most common non-cutaneous melanoma and is an intraocular malignancy affecting nearly 7,000 individuals per year worldwide. Of these, approximately 50% will progress to metastatic disease for which there are currently no effective therapies. Despite advances in molecular profiling and metastatic stratification of uveal melanoma tumors, little is known regarding their underlying biology of metastasis. Our group has identified a disseminated neoplastic cell population characterized by co-expression of immune and melanoma proteins, circulating hybrid cells (hybrids), in patients with uveal melanoma. Compared to circulating tumor cells, which lack expression of immune proteins, hybrids are detected at an increased prevalence in peripheral blood and can be used as a non-invasive biomarker to predict metastatic progression.
Methods
To ascertain mechanisms underlying enhanced hybrid cell dissemination we identified hybrid cells within primary uveal melanoma tumors using single cell RNA sequencing and evaluated their gene expression and predicted ligand-receptor interactions in relation to other melanoma and immune cells within the primary tumor. We then verified expression of upregulated hybrid pathways within patient-matched tumor and peripheral blood hybrids using cyclic immunofluorescence and quantified their protein expression relative to other non-hybrid tumor and disseminated tumor cells.
Results
Among the top upregulated genes and pathways in hybrid cells were those involved in enhanced cell motility and cytoskeletal rearrangement, immune evasion, and altered cellular metabolism. In patient-matched tumor and peripheral blood, we verified gene expression by examining concordant protein expression for each pathway category: TMSB10 (cell motility), CD74 (immune evasion) and GPX1 (metabolism). Both TMSB10 and GPX1 were expressed on significantly higher numbers of disseminated hybrid cells compared to circulating tumor cells, and CD74 and GPX1 were expressed on more disseminated hybrids than tumor-resident hybrids. Lastly, we identified that hybrid cells express ligand-receptor signaling pathways implicated in promoting metastasis including GAS6-AXL, CXCL12-CXCR4, LGALS9-P4HB and IGF1-IGFR1.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of TMSB10, GPX1 and CD74 for successful hybrid cell dissemination and survival in circulation. Our results contribute to the understanding of uveal melanoma tumor progression and interactions between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment that may promote metastasis.
Decoding Enigmatic Type II Radio Eruptions: Unraveling an Extraordinary Celestial Phenomenon on September 27, 2001
Authors: Al-Hamadani Firas , Al-Sawad Amjad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The study focuses on atypical Type II radio bursts observed in conjunction with three simultaneous coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on September 27, 2001. These CMEs originated from a single active region (AR) and were linked to relatively weak solar flares. Analysis of the CME sequences revealed distinct periods of interplanetary (IP) Type II radio emissions, characterized by pronounced increases in intensity. The first radio enhancement, lasting 20 minutes, exhibited very low density and frequency (1.65–1.5 MHz) at a height range of (7.8–8.2) solar radii (Rʘ). Subsequently, the second radio signature persisted for 40 minutes with a frequency range of (900–700) kHz and a height range of (10.9–12.6) Rʘ. The third episode spanned 1 hour and 20 minutes, featuring a frequency range of (660–390) kHz and a height range of (13.2–18.6) Rʘ. Lastly, the fourth enhancement extended over 3 hours, ranging from (550–250) kHz in frequency and (14.6–25.0) Rʘ in height. The authors concluded that the initial low-density radio signature resulted from a shock wave generated by reconnection of magnetic field lines, without an intense flare or extreme ultraviolet imaging telescope (EIT) wave. This shock wave then accelerated subsequent CMEs. Alternatively, the radio burst could have formed in the wake of the initial slow CME, creating a low-density environment. The second radio enhancement coincided with the accelerated propagation of CME1's core and was attributed to enhanced radio emission resulting from the Type II shock encountering filament material. The third radio enhancement aligned with the concept of a CME bow shock, indicating that the shock was positioned at the leading front of the CME. This enhancement occurred when the shock met remnant material from earlier CMEs, yet the shock continued propagating at a constant speed. The fourth enhancement progressed to higher frequencies due to the merging of CME1's core with CME2, propagating along CME3's path. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics and interactions associated with these unique Type II radio bursts and their correlation with coronal mass ejections.
Identification of Differentially Expressed ER Stress-Related Genes and Their Association with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Yang Qi , Lai Banghui , Xie Hao , Deng Mingbin , Yang Yan , Wan Juyi , Liao Bin , Liu Feng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a complex etiology, a high mortality rate, and strong harm. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and immune infiltration are key to the pathogenesis of PAH, but their interaction in PAH is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ER stress and immune infiltration in PAH and their interrelationships using bioinformatics methods. Gene expression profiles and ER stress-related genes were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and MSigDB databases, respectively. A total of 31 differentially expressed ER stress-related genes highly associated with PAH were identified by the Limma software package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, response to unfolded proteins, protein transport, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, the identification of the top five hub genes (EIF2S1, NPLOC4, SEC61B, SYVN1, and DERL1) was accomplished through screening within the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Immune infiltration analysis showed that these hub genes were closely related to immune cells. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that hub genes had a good diagnostic value for PAH. Ultimately, a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was successfully established, wherein the observed expression levels of SEC61B, NPLOC4, and EIF2S1 in the PAH group aligned with the outcomes derived from bioinformatics analysis. The SEC61B, NPLOC4, and EIF2S1 identified in this study could be used as potential biomarkers. This study provided new potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
Dosage sensitive maternal siRNAs determine hybridization success in Capsella
Authors: Dziasek Katarzyna , Santos-González Juan , Qiu Yichun , Rigola Diana , Nijbroek Koen , Köhler Claudia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Hybrid seed failure arising from wide crosses between plant species is a recurring obstacle in plant breeding, impeding the transfer of desirable traits. This postzygotic reproductive barrier primarily occurs in the endosperm, a dosage-sensitive tissue that nurtures the embryo and functions analogously to the placenta in mammals. Here, we show that the endosperm in incompatible seeds loses DNA methylation and chromatin condensation, resembling the endosperm of seeds depleted for maternal RNA Polymerase IV (Pol IV) function. This similarity in phenotype corresponds with a concurrent reduction in small interfering RNAs in the endosperm (sirenRNAs), maternal Pol IV-dependent siRNAs governing DNA methylation and regulating target genes. Notably, several AGAMOUS-LIKE MADS-BOX transcription factors (AGLs), known regulators of endosperm development, are targeted by sirenRNAs in cis and in trans. This finding aligns with the enrichment of AGL target genes among deregulated genes. Together, we propose that the response to interspecies hybridizations is triggered by a combination of reduced maternally derived sirenRNAs and heightened expression of AGLs targeting hypomethylated regions in the hybrid endosperm.
Modelling and forecasting of urban flood under changing climate and land use land cover
Authors: Anuthaman Sreemanthrarupini Nariangadu , Ramasamy Saravanan , Ramasubbu Balamurugan , Lakshminarayanan Balaji 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chennai is a rapidly urbanizing Indian mega-city and experiences flooding frequently. Literature state that climate change and land use change have a significant impact on the runoff generated every year, making it essential to study the historical trend and forecast changes in land use land cover (LULC) and climate to model runoff. This study considered Adyar watershed for LULC change detection, climate change analysis, and flood forecasting for 2030 and 2050 based on LULC and runoff from 2005 and 2015. A coupled hydrologic–hydraulic model (HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS) was developed to assess flooding for future LULC and climate scenarios. LULC analysis shows an increase in built-up cover by 6%. Climate analysis shows 74% probability of increase in precipitation intensity between 2015 and 2050 compared to 2015. It was observed that depth of flooding increased by 19.4% in 2030 and 60.4% in 2050 compared to 2015. This study makes a structural proposition for flood mitigation through flood carrier canals on the downstream reach of the river which flows through Chennai. The canals were found to significantly reduce overbanking, providing protection against flooding. This is the best measure for providing the highest flood reduction for the study area.
Оn the Issue of Nutrition of the Population of the city of Kursk in the Early Years of Soviet Power (1918-1923)
Authors: Volobuev V. V. 
Published: December 2023

Relevance. The article discusses the peculiarities of the diet of the population of the city of Kursk in the early years of Soviet power. This issue has not been sufficiently disclosed in the scientific literature. The conclusions made on the basis of the study determined the relevance of the work.The purpose of the article is to form an idea about the nutrition of the population of the city of Kursk in the early years of Soviet power.The objectives arising from the set goal are to: 1) indicate the nutritional norms of the population in the first post-revolutionary and post-war years; 2) identify the differences in the nutrition of different segments of the population of the city of Kursk; 3) determine the degree of sufficiency of nutrition of citizens in the early years of Soviet power.Methodology. The methods of objectivity, scientific, historicism were applied in the work, in addition to which historical-comparative and chronological approaches were used.Results. Revolutionary events and the civil war led to a rapid deterioration of the food situation in the city of Kursk. Bread became the main product on the tables of the Kurians. The food set was dependent on the category of the population. Highly skilled workers had a higher income, and, consequently, a better set of food products. Employees were inferior to them. Non-working citizens had a completely meager diet. The Soviet government raised the issue of improving food conditions, was engaged in the organization of public catering in the city.Conclusions. The food of the Kurians was determined by the state of the country's economy. Nutritional standards of the population in the first post-revolutionary and post-war years were reduced. The shortage of food in the early years of Soviet power was palpable. There were differences in the nutrition of different social strata of the population of the city of Kursk, the most complete was the table of highly skilled workers.
Review of the Monograph of Doctor of Law, Professor Sergey Fedorovich Milyukov, Doctor of Law Andrey Vyacheslavovich Nikulenko "Causing harm during the Detention of a Person who Committed a Socially Dangerous act ". 2nd ed., reprint. and additional. St. Petersburg: Legal Center, 2020. 768 p.
Authors: Bikmashev V. A. , Savenko I. A. 
Published: December 2023

Relevance. In the review, the authors evaluate the monographic work of Doctor of Law, Professor S. F. Milyukov, Doctor of Law A.V. Nikulenko: "Causing harm during the detention of a person who committed a socially dangerous act." In the realities of today, the scientific, theoretical and practical problems of the implementation of the institution of causing harm during the detention of a person who committed a crime, as an independent circumstance excluding the criminality of the act, have not lost their significance.The purpose of the study: to conduct a comprehensive comprehensive scientific analysis of the monographicwork.Objectives: to assess the relevance and novelty of the content, the depth of the problem formulation and solu-tion of the designated tasks, the scientific and practical significance of the results of the monographic research.Methodology. The review was based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.), private scientific and special legal methods of cognition. and correctlyResults. The team of authors made a proposal for a number of amendments to the current norms of Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and supplementing it with Article 381 "Detention of an imaginary assailant", Article 421 "Error in the presence of circumstances precluding the criminality of the act"; amendments to articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation concerning the excess of measures necessary for detention; on the settlement of compensation for material and other (for with the exception of moral) harm in a civil procedure through the improvement of civil legislation.Conclusion. Modern domestic legislation focuses on the regulation of the conditions for the legality of causing harm during the detention of a person who has committed a socially dangerous act, which should apply to specially authorized officials without any exceptions and substitute criminal legal regulation and have priority over departmental regulations. The proposals made, together with the adoption in the future by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of a resolution on all institutions excluding criminality of the act, will be able to ensure a uniform approach in law enforcement practice and contribute to strengthening the rule of law.
Formation of the Concept of Inheritance of Accounts (Accounts) in Social Networks in the Russian Federation
Authors: Bazarov A. A. 
Published: December 2023

Relevance. In the conditions of active informatization and digitalization, the number of operating information systems used by the user to meet various cultural and (or) economic needs increases, the value of accounts, a technological solution that allows accumulating information and data in a certain information system increases. The author considers the problems of the possibility of inheritance of accounts in information systems, methods of their solutions. The concept of considering an account as a digital asset is proposed – a new object of civil turnover, an object of inheritance.The purpose of the work is to develop the concept of inheritance of accounts (accounts) in social networks in the Russian Federation, to determine their legal nature.Objectives: to analyze the current legislation and judicial practice of the Russian Federation in the field of legal regulation of accounts (accounts), their inheritance, to investigate the doctrine of private law and to form the concept of inheritance of accounts (accounts) in social networks in the Russian Federation.Methodology. In the process of working on the research, general scientific research methods and methods inherent in modern private law science were used. We are talking about the use of methods of analysis and synthesis of information, data interpretation. The analysis of the current legislation in the field of commercial turnover of information is made.Results. The absence of a regulatory framework revealing the legal nature of accounts (accounts), their place in the system of objects of civil turnover is determined. The economic significance of the account (account) has been determined for a specific user of the social network and (or) his heirs. The legal problem of inheritance of accounts (accounts) is indicated.Conclusion. The conducted research provides the basis for an unambiguous conclusion about the absence of the necessary legal mechanisms for the inheritance of accounts (accounts), the absence of a normative definition of the legal essence of this phenomenon. The necessity of implementing the legal modernization of civil legislation in the context of the actualization of the problem of account inheritance is substantiated.