bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative analysis of tepotinib forced degradation: Combining in‐silico and liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐tandem mass spectrometry approaches for structural elucidation
Authors: Mahajan Rupali , Bishnani Aman , Sapkal Rekha , Dikundwar Amol G. , Gananadhamu Samanthula , Asthana Amit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present research aimed to comprehensively investigate the forced degradation of tepotinib through a combined in‐silico and experimental analysis. Tepotinib is a recently approved drug for metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer. A short and precise ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method utilizing a CSH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was developed, using a mobile phase A as 0.1% formic acid and mobile phase B as HPLC‐grade acetonitrile. The flow rate was set at 0.2 mL/min, and detection was carried out at 260 nm. Forced degradation was carried out under acidic, basic, oxidative, and photolytic environments and also virtually with Zeneth software. Structural characterization of degradation products (DPs) was carried out using hyphenated techniques such as LC‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. Further, toxicity was assessed with Derek and Sarah software. Analysis revealed the formation of five distinct forced DPs: DP‐1 (m/z 511), DP‐2 (m/z 527), DP‐3 (m/z 525), DP‐4 (m/z 512), and DP‐5 (m/z 509) under experimental conditions and eight in Zeneth prediction. Furthermore, nephrotoxicity alerts were observed for DP‐3 and DP‐5, whereas DP‐3 also showed mutagenicity alerts. This integrated blend of in‐silico and real experimental analyses was found to be effective in quality control for routing monitoring of degradation products of tepotinib.
Tools that Talk: Scaffolding Dialogic Instruction Through Close Reading of Informational Text
Authors: Mariage Troy V. , Hicks Elizabeth A. , Reiley Sarah , Dabo Arfang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article describes a comprehensive framework (iDISC) for the close reading of informational texts for elementary students that may need additional language, social, memory, or behavioral supports. The article introduces concrete tools that are used before, during, and after close reading, including cue‐cards, language stems, discussion behaviors, anchor posters, and graphic organizers. The tools provide teachers with instructional scaffolds that can support their students to undertake more educative discussions with peers.
Which wind turbine types are needed in a cost‐optimal renewable energy system?
Authors: Hodel Henrik , Göransson Lisa , Chen Peiyuan , Carlson Ola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious research has indicated that wind power plants can be designed to have less‐variable power generation, thereby mitigating the drop in economic value that typically occurs at high wind power penetration rates. This study investigates the competitiveness of adapted turbine design and the interplay with other flexibility measures, such as batteries and hydrogen storage, for managing variations. The analysis covers seven turbine designs for onshore and offshore wind generation, with different specific power ratings and hub heights. Various flexibility measures (batteries, hydrogen storage and transmission expansion) are included in the optimization of investment and dispatch of the electricity system of northern Europe. Three driving forces for turbine design selection are identified: (1) lowest cost of electricity generation; (2) annual wind production per land area and (3) improved generation profile of wind power. The results show that in regions with good wind resources and limited availability of variation management, it is cost‐efficient to reduce the variability of wind power production by adapting the turbine design. This remains the case when variation management is available in the form of batteries, hydrogen storage and transmission system expansion. Moreover, it is more cost‐effective to improve variability by changing the specific power rating rather than the turbine hub height.
Exponential stability of piezoelectric beams with delay and second sound
Authors: Lv Mengxian , Wang Junmin , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a fully‐dynamic piezoelectric beam model subjected to a magnetic effect, where the heat flux is given by Cattaneo's law. It is well known that, in the absence of delay, the dissipation produced by the heat conduction is strong enough to make the piezoelectric beams exponentially stable. However, time delay effects may destroy this behavior. Here, we show the existence and uniqueness of solutions through the semigroup theory. Furthermore, under a smallness condition on the delay, we prove an exponential stability result via establishing the appropriate Lyapunov functional. Finally, we numerically illustrate the asymptotic behavior of the solution.
Designing a Marketplace to Exchange AI Models for Industry 5.0
Authors: Nizamis Alexandros , Schlake Georg , Siachamis Georgios , Dimitriadis Vasileios , Patsonakis Christos , Beecks Christian , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNowadays, the market for AI services is continuously growing and it is expected to exceed 5 trillion euros in the next 5 years. However, the sharing of knowledge is primarily achieved by the sharing of published AI-related papers. The sharing of the trained AI/ML models is still in its infancy stage and in some domains it does not even exist. In this chapter, a marketplace for exchanging AI models related to smart manufacturing and Industry 5.0 domains is introduced. The proposed AI Marketplace consists of a semantic-based repository that manages the AI models, a blockchain-based framework that adds the business logic and web-based user interfaces that enable models’ exploration and sharing, and transactions among the stakeholders. The purpose of this chapter is to present the implementation details of this AI Model Marketplace by highlighting the key concepts and technologies used along with the main supported functionalities. By using such a marketplace, the manufacturing companies are able to capitalize in a large variety of AI models to solve various problems enabling intelligent, flexible, and cost-effective production.
BPS fivebrane stars. Part I. Expectation values of observables
Authors: Martinec Emil J. , Zigdon Yoav 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study ensembles of 1/2-BPS bound states of fundamental strings and NS-fivebranes (NS5-F1 states) in the AdS decoupling limit. We revisit a solution corresponding to an ensemble average of these bound states, and find that the appropriate duality frame for describing the near-source structure is the T-dual NS5-P frame, where the bound state is a collection of momentum waves on the fivebranes. We find that the fivebranes are generically well-separated; this property results in the applicability of perturbative string theory. The geometry sourced by the typical microstate is not close to that of an extremal non-rotating black hole; instead the fivebranes occupy a ball whose radius is parametrically much larger than the “stretched horizon” scale of the corresponding black hole. These microstates are thus better characterized as BPS fivebrane stars than as small black holes.When members of the ensemble spin with two fixed angular potentials about two orthogonal planes, we find that the spherical ball of the non-rotating ensemble average geometry deforms into an ellipsoid. This contrasts with ring structures obtained when fixing the angular momenta instead of the angular potentials; we trace this difference of ensembles to large fluctuations of the angular momentum in the ensemble of fixed angular potential.
Collisions between kinks with long-range tails: a simple and efficient method
Authors: Campos João G. F. , Mohammadi Azadeh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We construct initial configurations for the scattering between kinks with long-range tails. For this purpose, we exploit kink solutions in the presence of Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS)-preserving impurities. This approach offers a highly efficient method and effortless implementation with a negligible computational cost. Our algorithm has a much smaller complexity than the usual minimization method, becoming more than a hundred times faster in some scenarios. Consequently, conducting kink-antikink simulations becomes remarkably straightforward.
Investigating the applicability domain of the hiPSC-based PluriLum assay: an embryotoxicity assessment of chemicals and drugs
Authors: Treschow Andreas Frederik , Valente Maria João , Lauschke Karin , Holst Bjørn , Andersen Anders Reenberg , Vinggaard Anne Marie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo meet the growing demand for developmental toxicity assessment of chemicals, New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are needed. Previously, we developed two 3D in vitro assays based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and cardiomyocyte differentiation: the PluriBeat assay, based on assessment of beating differentiated embryoid bodies, and the PluriLum assay, a reporter gene assay based on the expression of the early cardiac marker NKX2.5; both promising assays for predicting embryotoxic effects of chemicals and drugs. In this work, we aimed to further describe the predictive power of the PluriLum assay and compare its sensitivity with PluriBeat and similar human stem cell-based assays developed by others. For this purpose, we assessed the toxicity of a panel of ten chemicals from different chemical classes, consisting of the known developmental toxicants 5-fluorouracil, all-trans retinoic acid and valproic acid, as well as the negative control compounds ascorbic acid and folic acid. In addition, the fungicides epoxiconazole and prochloraz, and three perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), PFOS, PFOA and GenX were tested. Generally, the PluriLum assay displayed higher sensitivity when compared to the PluriBeat assay. For several compounds the luminescence readout of the PluriLum assay showed effects not detected by the PluriBeat assay, including two PFAS compounds and the two fungicides. Overall, we find that the PluriLum assay has the potential to provide a fast and objective detection of developmental toxicants and has a level of sensitivity that is comparable to or higher than other in vitro assays also based on human stem cells and cardiomyocyte differentiation for assessment of developmental toxicity.
Defining Relations for Minimal Unitary Quantum Affine W-Algebras
Authors: Adamović Dražen , Kac Victor G. , Möseneder Frajria Pierluigi , Papi Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove that any unitary highest weight module over a universal minimal quantum affine W-algebra at non-critical level descends to its simple quotient. We find the defining relations of the unitary simple minimal quantum affine W-algebras and the list of all their irreducible positive energy modules. We also classify all irreducible highest weight modules for the simple affine vertex algebras in the cases when the associated simple minimal W-algebra is unitary.
Average-Case Speedup for Product Formulas
Authors: Chen Chi-Fang , Brandão Fernando G. S. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuantum simulation is a promising application of future quantum computers. Product formulas, or Trotterization, are the oldest and still remain an appealing method to simulate quantum systems. For an accurate product formula approximation, the state-of-the-art gate complexity depends on the number of terms in the Hamiltonian and a local energy estimate. In this work, we give evidence that product formulas, in practice, may work much better than expected. We prove that the Trotter error exhibits a qualitatively better scaling for the vast majority of input states, while the existing estimate is for the worst states. For general k-local Hamiltonians and higher-order product formulas, we obtain gate count estimates for input states drawn from any orthogonal basis. The gate complexity significantly improves over the worst case for systems with large connectivity. Our typical-case results generalize to Hamiltonians with Fermionic terms, with input states drawn from a fixed-particle number subspace, and with Gaussian coefficients (e.g., the SYK models). Technically, we employ a family of simple but versatile inequalities from non-commutative martingales called uniform smoothness, which leads to Hypercontractivity, namely p-norm estimates for k-local operators. This delivers concentration bounds via Markov’s inequality. For optimality, we give analytic and numerical examples that simultaneously match our typical-case estimates and the existing worst-case estimates. Therefore, our improvement is due to asking a qualitatively different question, and our results open doors to the study of quantum algorithms in the average case.
Confirmation of negative urine culture status after appropriate antibiotic treatment prior to endourological stone procedures: Is it really necessary?
Authors: Sahin Cahit , Sobay Resul , Asik Alper , Sahinler Emre Burak , Yildirim Salih , Kul Kamil , Sarica Kemal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the necessity of confirmation for a negative urine culture test outcome after an appropriate antibiotic regimen for urinary tract infection (UTI) prior to endoscopic stone removal procedures. 170 cases receiving an appropriate antibiotic treatment for culture proven UTI based on test outcomes before endoscopic stone removal were evaluated in two groups: Group 1 (n = 85) Patients in whom a second urine culture test was performed to ensure “negative urine culture” status prior to the procedures after receiving antibiotic therapy and Group 2 (n = 85). Patients receiving the same antibiotic therapy without any additional urine culture test before the procedures. Cases were comparatively evaluated with respect to the statistical significance of post-operative infective complications (fever, sepsis), duration of hospital stay and readmission rates during early post-operative period. Our findings demonstrated no significant difference regarding the rate of infective complications (presence of fever, incidence of septic findings), hospitalization period and readmission rates between the two groups. Although the presence of a negative urine status has been confirmed by urine culture test in group 1 cases, no additional urine culture test was performed with this aim in group 2 cases (negative urine culture was confirmed only with urinalysis) and the outcomes regarding the infective problems were found to be similiar. Our current findings indicate that a second urine culture test may not be a “must” if the patients receive an appropriate antibiotic regimen based on the sensitivity test outcomes for a reasonable time period.
A Hu-Washizu variational approach to self-stabilized quadrilateral Virtual Elements: 2D linear elastodynamics
Authors: Lamperti Andrea , Cremonesi Massimiliano , Perego Umberto , Russo Alessandro , Lovadina Carlo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA recent mixed formulation of the Virtual Element Method in 2D elastostatics, based on the Hu-Washizu variational principle, is here extended to 2D elastodynamics. The independent modeling of the strain field, allowed by the mixed formulation, is exploited to derive first order quadrilateral Virtual Elements (VEs) not requiring a stabilization (namely, self-stabilized VEs), in contrast to the standard VEs, where an artificial stabilization is always required for first order quads. Lumped mass matrices are derived using a novel approach, based on an integration scheme that makes use of nodal values only, preserving the correct mass in the case of rigid-body modes. In the case of implicit time integration, it is shown how the combination of a self-stabilized stiffness matrix with a self-stabilized lumped mass matrix can produce excellent performances both in the compressible and quasi-incompressible regimes with almost negligible sensitivity to element distortion. Finally, in the case of explicit dynamics, the performances of the different types of derived VEs are analyzed in terms of their critical time-step size.
A comprehensive exploration of deep learning approaches for pulmonary nodule classification and segmentation in chest CT images
Authors: Canayaz Murat , Şehribanoğlu Sanem , Özgökçe Mesut , Akıncı M. Bilal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurately determining whether nodules on CT images of the lung are benign or malignant plays an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. In this study, the classification and segmentation of benign and malignant nodules on CT images of the lung were performed using deep learning models. A new approach, C+EffxNet, is used for classification. With this approach, the features are extracted from CT images and then classified with different classifiers. In other phases of the study, a segmentation between benign and malignant was performed and, for the first time, a comparison of nodes was made during segmentation. The deep learning models InceptionV3, DenseNet121, and SeResNet101 were used as backbone models for feature extraction in the segmentation phase. In the classification phase, an accuracy of 0.9798, a precision of 0.9802, a recognition of 0.9798, an F1 score of 0.9798, and a kappa value of 0.9690 were achieved. During segmentation, the highest values of 0.8026 Jacard index and 0.8877 Dice coefficient were achieved.
The dual role of autophagy in the regulation of cancer treatment
Authors: Kwantwi Louis Boafo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs a catabolic process, autophagy through lysosomes degrades defective and damaged cellular materials to support homeostasis in stressful conditions. Therefore, autophagy dysregulation is associated with the induction of several human pathologies, including cancer. Although the role of autophagy in cancer progression has been extensively studied, many issues need to be addressed. The available evidence suggest that autophagy shows both cytoprotective and cytotoxic mechanisms. This dual role of autophagy in cancer has supplied a renewed interest in the development of novel and effective cancer therapies. Considering this, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in cancer treatment is crucial. This article provides a summary of the recent advances regarding the dual and different mechanisms of autophagy-mediated therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
Sustained exposure to Helicobacter pylori induces immune tolerance by desensitizing TLR6
Authors: Zhang Xiulin , He Yang , Zhang Xiaolu , Fu Bo , Song Zidai , Wang Liang , Fu Rui , Lu Xuancheng , Xing Jin , Lv Jianyi , Guo Meng , Huo Xueyun , Liu Xin , Lu Jing , Du Xiaoyan , Ge Zhongming , Chen Zhenwen , Li Changlong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) has been designated a class I carcinogen and is closely associated with severe gastric diseases. During colonization in the gastric mucosa, H. pylori develops immune escape by inducing host immune tolerance. The gastric epithelium acts as the first line of defense against H. pylori, with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in gastric epithelial cells being sensitive to H. pylori components and subsequently activating the innate immune system. However, the mechanism of immune tolerance induced by H. pylori through the TLR signalling pathway has not been fully elucidated. In this research, we detected the expression of TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in GES-1 cells upon sustained exposure to H. pylori or H. pylori lysate from 1 to 30 generations and in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori for 5 to 90 weeks. We found that the levels of TLR6 and inflammatory cytokines first increased and then dropped during the course of H. pylori treatment in vitro and in vivo. The restoration of TLR6 potentiated the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 in GES-1 cells, which recruited neutrophils and reduced the colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa of gerbils. Mechanistically, we found that persistent infection with H. pylori reduces the sensitivity of TLR6 to bacterial components and regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in GES-1 cells through TLR6/JNK signaling. The TLR6 agonist obviously alleviated inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Promising results suggest that TLR6 may be a potential candidate immunotherapy drug for H. pylori infection.
The Structure of Arguments from Deontic Authority and How to Successfully Attack Them
Authors: Araszkiewicz Michał , Koszowy Marcin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite increasing interest in studying arguments from deontic authority of the general form “(1) $$\delta$$
δ
is a deontic authority in institution $$\varOmega$$
Ω
; (2) according to $$\delta$$
δ
, I should do $$\alpha$$
α
, C: therefore, (3) I should do $$\alpha$$
α
”, the state of the art models are not capable of grasping their complexity. The existing sets of critical questions assigned to this argumentation scheme seem to conflate two problems: whether a person is subject to an authority of an institution in the first place and whether the command issued within the context of a particular institution is eventually binding. For this reason, we introduce (1) a set of Basic Critical Questions to scrutinize the former issue, and (2) a set of more detailed questions related to specific features, also referred to as “parameters”, of institutional environments (Intra-Institutional Critical Questions). We identify major elements of institutional environments in which authoritative utterances are made and the crucial parameters of arguments from deontic authority. The selected evidence from the decisions of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court helps us show how these parameters may be used to reconstruct subtypes of this argument scheme, with their associated sets of critical questions. In specific institutional contexts, such detailed schemes are capable of grasping the complexity of appeals to deontic authority and thus should be used rather than general schemes. The reconstruction of argumentation schemes with critical questions shows how particular arguments may successfully be attacked.