bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of two methods for assessing gene‐environment interactions using data from the Danish case‐control study of facial clefts
Authors: Etheredge Analee J. , Christensen Kaare , del Junco Deborah , Murray Jeffrey C. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidemiological investigations have begun to consider gene‐environment (GE) interactions as potential risk factors for many diseases, including several different birth defects. However, traditional methodological approaches for the analysis of case‐control data tend to have low power for detection of interaction effects. A log‐linear approach that can impose the assumption that the genotype and exposure of interest occur independently in the population has been proposed as a potentially more powerful method for assessing GE interactions but has not been widely applied in the published literature.METHODSThe present analyses were undertaken to compare the results obtained when stratified analyses and a log‐linear approach were used to assess potential GE interactions. The analyses were conducted using data from a population‐based, case‐control study conducted in Denmark and considered associations between nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P), infant genotype for variants of RAR‐α, TGF‐α, TGF‐β3, and MSX1, and maternal exposure to smoking, alcohol, and multivitamins.RESULTSNeither the stratified nor the log‐linear analyses provided evidence that that risk of CL±P is influenced by any of the GE interactions that were evaluated, despite the potential increase in power offered by the latter approach. Further, the analyses highlight concerns regarding the power to reject the assumption of independence of the genetic and environmental factor of interest in the controls and related concerns regarding the validity of results obtained using the log‐linear approach when the underlying assumption is violated.CONCLUSIONSThe potential increase in power offered by the log‐linear approach is offset by concerns regarding the validity of this approach when the independence assumption is violated. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a human Rhomboid homolog, p100hRho/RHBDF1, which interacts with TGF‐α family ligands
Authors: Nakagawa Takatoshi , Guichard Annabel , Castro Carolina Perez , Xiao Yang , Rizen Michael , Zhang Hong‐Zhong , Hu Diane , Bang Anne , Helms Jill , Bier Ethan , Derynck Rik 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe activity of the TGF‐α‐like ligand Spitz in Drosophila depends on Rhomboid, a seven‐transmembrane spanning protein that resides in the Golgi and acts as a serine protease to cleave Spitz, thereby releasing the soluble ligand. Several rhomboids in Drosophila have been implicated in the processing of TGF‐α‐like ligands, and consequent EGF receptor activation. The larger number of TGF‐α‐like ligands in vertebrates raises the possibility that they too might be subject to regulation by rhomboid‐like proteins. We present the cDNA cloning and polypeptide sequence of an atypically long human rhomboid, which, based on the absence of critical residues for serine protease activity, is not predicted to act as a serine protease. We examined its tissue distribution, in comparison with TGF‐α and the TGF‐α‐related protein HB‐EGF, and the EGF/TGF‐α receptor, in mouse embryo. This rhomboid, named p100hRho or RHBDF1, is a seven‐transmembrane protein with a long N‐terminal cytoplasmic extension that comprises half of the polypeptide sequence, and is found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, but not on the cell surface. It is expressed as two forms with different lengths, forms dimers and interacts with TGF‐α ligands through a luminal interaction with the EGF core ectodomain. Finally, we evaluated the function of p100hRho/RHBDF1 in Drosophila, demonstrating that the short, but not the full‐length form has functional activity. The characterization of this protein extends our understanding of the rhomboid family of regulatory proteins. Developmental Dynamics 233:1315–1331, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex ovo electroporation for gene transfer into older chicken embryos
Authors: Luo Jiankai , Redies Christoph 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn ovo electroporation is an excellent method to ectopically induce or inhibit gene expression in chicken embryos and to study the in vivo function of genes during embryonic development. However, the application of electroporation in ovo to date is limited to an early stage of incubation (< stage 20). In older embryos (> stage 22), the vitelline and allantoic vessels have developed extensively and the in ovo manipulation of the embryo becomes exceedingly difficult. Therefore, in this study, we validate an ex ovo electroporation system, by which the time for performing electroporation can be extended up to at least day 7 of incubation. The application of this method will help to study gene function and regulation at later stages of development in the living chicken embryo. Developmental Dynamics 233:1470–1477, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Unexpected Crystal‐Chemical Principle for the Pyrochlore Structure
Authors: Vanderah Terrell A. , Levin Igor , Lufaso Michael W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPhase equilibrium studies of the Bi–Zn–Nb–O system show that pyrochlore does not form at chemical compositions predicted by the traditional formula for this crystal structure, A2B2O6O', where A denotes large (8‐coordinated, e.g. Bi3+) and B small (6‐coordinated, e.g. Zn2+, Nb5+) cation sites. Instead, pyrochlore forms only at compositions with excess B cations which, surprisingly, occupy the large A‐cation sites. Reports of similar behavior in other pyrochlores suggest a previously unrecognized inherent structural feature (displacive disorder) which allows the formation of a large family of cubic pyrochlores with small B cations occupying up to ca. 25 % of the large A‐cation sites. Many pyrochlores can now be synthesized by deliberately combining large and small metal ions on the A sites. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Flufenamic Acid Determination in Human Serum by Adsorptive Voltammetry with In Situ Surfactant Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: Amor‐García I. , Blanco‐López M. C. , Lobo‐Castañón M. J. , Miranda‐Ordieres A. J. , Tuñón‐Blanco P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA simple and sensitive adsorptive‐ differential pulse‐ voltammetric method for the determination of flufenamic acid (FFA) is presented. The method is based on the preconcentration of FFA on carbon paste electrodes modified in situ with cationic surfactants, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) or cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), at submicellar concentrations. The best results were obtained with DTAC‐modified electrodes. After optimization, with these electrodes and using an accumulation step at 0 V for 3 minutes in 0.1 M phosphate solutions pH 7, the peak current of the main oxidation process of FFA varies linearly with its concentration from 1×10−9 M to 5×10−5 M, with a limit of detection of 0.64 nM (0.2 ng/mL). The proposed method has been applied to the determination of FFA in spiked serum samples, treated with acetonitrile to separate the proteins. In the concentration range studied (3 μM to 65 μM) the recovery was near 100 % and the lowest concentration attainable in these samples is below 3 μM (0.8 ppm).
Modeling Methanol Crossover by Diffusion and Electro‐Osmosis in a Flowing Electrolyte Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Kjeang E. , Goldak J. , Golriz M. R. , Gu J. , James D. , Kordesch K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA CFD model is created to analyze methanol transport in a flowing electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell (FE‐DMFC) by solving the 3D advection‐diffusion equation, with consideration of electro‐osmosis. The average methanol flux at the anode and cathode surfaces is simulated and compared to equivalent direct methanol fuel cells. Methanol crossover is defined as methanol flux at the cathode surface, and the results reveal that methanol crossover can be drastically reduced by the flowing electrolyte. The performance of the FE‐DMFC at peak power current density is evaluated, and diffusion is shown to be the dominant contribution, although electro‐osmosis increases with current density. The power consumption of the electrolyte pump is shown to be negligible compared to the cell power output. This indicates that thin electrolyte channels with high flow rates could further improve the efficiency.
In vitro interaction between surface‐treated Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Martinesi Maria , Bruni Sara , Stio Maria , Treves Cristina , Borgioli Francesca 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy is widely employed as an implant material. The effects of Ti‐6Al‐4V samples, tested in both an untreated state and one in which the samples were subjected to a glow‐discharge treatment performed with the use of air, on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. Apoptosis, undetectable after 24‐h contact of PBMC with the two sample types, is induced after 48 h by treated samples, and, after 48 h, but in the presence of 1.5 μg/mL PHA, by both sample types. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) always increases, in comparison with control, in PBMC put in contact with the two sample types. In the same way, a remarkable increase in tumor necrosis‐alpha (TNF‐α) release in the culture medium is registered, when PBMC are put in contact with the two sample types for 24 and 48 h. Human umbilical‐vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cocultured for 48 h with PBMC, previously incubated with the two sample types for 24 h, show an increase in ICAM‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) protein expression in comparison with control (HUVEC cocultured with control PBMC), indicating that inflammatory phenomena might occur. Taken together, these results suggest that, although plasma‐treated titanium alloy shows a better biocompatibility in comparison with the untreated one, attention must be paid to the careful control of the first signs of inflammation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Interactions of acinar cells on biomaterials with various surface properties
Authors: Chen Min‐Huey , Hsu Yuan‐Hua , Lin Chun‐Pin , Chen Yi‐Jane , Young Tai‐Horng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the interactions of rat parotid acinar cells on biomaterials with different surface properties. The biomaterials used in this study included polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan, poly (ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVAL), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Cell morphology was observed by photomicroscope. Cell growth and differentiated characteristic function were separately assayed with 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction activity and amylase activity. Results indicated that behaviors of acinar cells on materials might differ to a great extent depending on the surface hydrophilicity and morphology of the materials. On the relatively hydrophobic materials, the abilities of acinar cells to adhere and proliferate increased simultaneously. In addition, porous PVDF had higher cell growth compared with dense PVDF. Therefore, the hydrophobic PVDF with a porous structure was the best substrate for culturing acinar cells. According to our findings, a tubular PVDF scaffold with dense outer surface to prevent saliva leakage and with porous inner surface for the cell growth was proposed to serve as an artificial salivary gland for future use in the treatment of patients with salivary hypofunction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Microstructural effects on the wear resistance of wrought and as‐cast Co‐Cr‐Mo‐C implant alloys
Authors: Saldívar‐García A. J. , López H. F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe tribological behavior of two cobalt‐base alloys—an as‐cast high‐carbon and a wrought low‐carbon Co alloy—that are used as hip implant materials is examined in this work. This work discusses the experimental results of cobalt–cobalt wear pairs, in wrought and as‐cast conditions, where the amount of hexagonal phase is systematically modified through an isothermal aging treatment. Fully FCC and HCP Co alloys are tested versus alloys with various volume fractions of HCP phase (0.05 to 1.0 volume fractions). Preliminary results indicate that Co‐Cr‐Mo/Co‐Cr‐Mo alloy pairs both possessing an HCP matrix microstructure tend to exhibit outstanding wear properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Teach our students well: A call for training models that embrace the wisdom of the past
Authors: Tennen Howard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractC.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott's forward‐looking clinical training model (this issue) assumes that traditional clinical theories, particularly psychoanalytic theories, have little to offer the study of human strengths. Yet the psychoanalytic literature reveals many insights into the nature of strengths and weaknesses. This essay describes a three‐pronged habit of thinking that has led positive psychology advocates, including Snyder and Elliott, to underestimate the potential contribution of psychoanalytic models to our understanding of human strengths and to training models that stress their importance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Toward promoting generative cultures of intentional mentoring within academic settings
Authors: Ponce Allison N. , Williams Michelle K. , Allen George J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMentoring promotes ongoing learning of clinical psychologists, regardless of their expertise and experience. Most academic programs, however, do not possess vigorous mentoring cultures in which mentors simultaneously are learners. Academic programs are largely based on “mastery” philosophies that tacitly aim mentoring at less‐experienced peers. This orientation can make stigmatizing mentoring opportunities, especially for psychologists from underrepresented populations. Using concepts from experiential learning theory, we articulate interventions to invigorate mentoring cultures and make mentoring less stigmatizing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The return of science to education in clinical psychology: A reply to Snyder and Elliott
Authors: Rand Kevin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractClinical psychology currently exists in a state of isolation from the other scientific domains. This disconnect is explained, in part, by the continued adherence to mind–body dualism by many clinical psychologists and the rift between researchers and practitioners within the discipline. However, natural science researchers are reasserting the connection between physical and biological properties and psychological phenomena. As a result, knowledge and skill pertaining to the scientific method will become increasingly important in the education of future clinical psychologists. Modifications to both undergraduate and graduate training are suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Subcellular distribution of calcium‐sensitive potassium channels (IK1) in migrating cells
Authors: Schwab Albrecht , Wulf Andrea , Schulz Christoph , Kessler Wolfram , Nechyporuk‐Zloy Volodymyr , Römer Michael , Reinhardt Jürgen , Weinhold Dietmar , Dieterich Peter , Stock Christian , Hebert Steven C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCell migration is crucial for wound healing, immune defense, or formation of tumor metastases. In addition to the cytoskeleton, Ca2+ sensitive K+ channels (IK1) are also part of the cellular “migration machinery.” We showed that Ca2+ sensitive K+ channels support the retraction of the rear part of migrating MDCK‐F cells by inducing a localized shrinkage at this cell pole. So far the molecular nature and in particular the subcellular distribution of these channels in MDCK‐F cells is unknown. We compared the effect of IK1 channel blockers and activators on the current of a cloned IK1 channel from MDCK‐F cells (cIK1) and the migratory behavior of these cells. Using IK1 channels labeled with a HA‐tag or the enhanced green fluorescent protein we studied the subcellular distribution of the canine (cIK1) and the human (hIK1) channel protein in different migrating cells. The functional impact of cIK1 channel activity at the front or rear part of MDCK‐F cells was assessed with a local superfusion technique and a detailed morphometric analysis. We show that it is cIK1 whose activity is required for migration of MDCK‐F cells. IK1 channels are found in the entire plasma membrane, but they are concentrated at the cell front. This is in part due to membrane ruffling at this cell pole. However, there appears to be only little cIK1 channel activity at the front of MDCK‐F cells. In our view this apparent discrepancy can be explained by differential regulation of IK1 channels at the front and rear part of migrating cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyamine depletion inhibits apoptosis following blocking of survival pathways in human chondrocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α
Authors: Stanic Ivana , Facchini Annalisa , Borzì Rosa Maria , Vitellozzi Roberta , Stefanelli Claudio , Goldring Mary B. , Guarnieri Carlo , Facchini Andrea , Flamigni Flavio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChondrocyte apoptosis can be an important contributor to cartilage degeneration, thereby making it a potential therapeutic target in articular diseases. To search for new approaches to limit chondrocytic cell death, we investigated the requirement of polyamines for apoptosis favored by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF), using specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in human chondrocytes. The combined treatment of C‐28/I2 chondrocytes with TNF and cycloheximide (CHX) resulted in a prompt effector caspase activation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Pre‐treatment of chondrocytes with α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, markedly reduced putrescine and spermidine content as well as the caspase‐3 activation and DNA fragmentation induced by TNF and CHX. DFMO treatment also inhibited the increase in effector caspase activity provoked by TNF plus MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. DFMO decreased caspase‐8 activity and procaspase‐8 content, an apical caspase essential for TNF‐induced apoptosis. Although DFMO increased the amount of active, phosphorylated Akt, inhibitors of the Akt pathway failed to restore the TNF‐induced increase in caspase activity blunted by DFMO. DFMO also reduced the increase in caspase activity induced by staurosporine, but in this case Akt inhibition prevented the DFMO effect. Pre‐treatment with CGP 48664, an S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) inhibitor markedly reduced spermidine and spermine levels, and provoked effects similar to those caused by DFMO. Finally DFMO was effective even in primary osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocyte cultures. These results suggest that the intracellular depletion of polyamines in chondrocytes can inhibit both the death receptor pathway by reducing the level of procaspase‐8, and the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway by activating Akt. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic convergence to identify candidate genes for Parkinson disease: SAGE analysis of the substantia nigra
Authors: Noureddine Maher A. , Li Yi‐Ju , van der Walt Joelle M. , Walters Robert , Jewett Rita M. , Xu Hong , Wang Tianyuan , Walter Jeffrey W. , Scott Burton L. , Hulette Christine , Schmechel Don , Stenger Judith E. , Dietrich Fred , Vance Jeffery M. , Hauser Michael A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGenomic convergence is a multistep approach that combines gene expression with genomic linkage to identify and prioritize susceptibility genes for complex disease. As a first step, we previously performed linkage analysis on 174 multiplex Parkinson's disease (PD) families, identifying five peaks for PD risk and two for genes affecting age at onset (AAO) in PD [Hauser et al., Hum Mol Genet 2003;12:671–677]. We report here the next step: serial analysis of gene expression [SAGE; Scott et al., JAMA 2001;286:2239–2242] to analyze substantia nigra tissue from three PD patients and two age‐matched controls. We find 933 differentially expressed genes (P < 0.05) between PD and controls, but of these, only 50 genes represented by unique SAGE tags map within our previously described PD linkage regions. Furthermore, genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA are expressed 1.5‐fold higher in PD patients versus controls, without an increase in the corresponding nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial components, suggesting an increase in mtDNA genomes in PD or a disjunction with nuclear expression. The next step in the genomic convergence process will be to screen these 50 high‐quality candidate genes for association with PD risk susceptibility and genetic effects on AAO. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Lung volumes in healthy Afro‐Caribbean children aged 4–17 years
Authors: Sylvester Karl P. , Milligan Peter , Patey Richard A. , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Greenough Anne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLung volumes in healthy children differ according to their ethnic origin. We wished to determine if any differences in the lung volumes of Afro‐Caribbean (AC) children from those predicted by Caucasian reference values disappeared if the results were related to sitting height or to 90% or 77% of lung volumes predicted for height from Caucasian reference values based on standing height. We took, as our working hypothesis, that it is inappropriate to use Caucasian reference values to interpret data from Afro‐Caribbean children, and that ethnic‐specific reference values are required. This was a prospective, observational study. Subjects included 80 AC children with a median age of 9 (range, 4.3–17.8) years. Standing and sitting height were measured. Lung volumes were measured by body plethysmography (total lung capacity, TLCpleth; functional residual capacity, FRCpleth; and vital capacity, VCpleth), helium gas dilution (functional residual capacity, (FRCHe), spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). The lung volumes of AC children correlated significantly with standing height, but differed significantly from values predicted from Caucasian reference values based on standing height (P < 0.05). Significant differences remained for TLCpleth, FRCpleth, FRCHe, RVpleth, VCpleth, FEV1, and FVC when the results were related to sitting height or 90% or 77% of values predicted from Caucasian reference values based on height (P < 0.05). Lung volumes in Afro‐Caribbean children should be compared to ethnic‐specific reference values. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:109–112. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfer of Sensory Nerves in Hand Surgery
Authors: BEDESCHI P. , CELLI L. , BALLI A. 
Published: June 2005

The transfer of sensitive dorsal rami of the ulnar nerve (two cases) and of two sensitive dorsal rami of the radial nerve (five cases) was accomplished in order to restore the sensitivity of the first three finger tips in patients suffering from serious and longstanding inveterate lesions of the median nerve. The Authors describe the two surgical techniques in detail and, according to the satisfactory results obtained, specify the indications and advantages of this operation.
Clenched Fist Human Bite Injuries
Authors: Phair I. C. , Quinton D. N. 
Published: June 2005

A prospective study has been made of 29 human bite injuries caused by the clenched fist, 27 over M.P. joints and two over P.I.P. joints. All were treated by surgical exploration, within 24 hours in 84% of cases. In 62% the wound had entered the underlying joint and in 58% the bone was injured. Significantly less morbidity was noted in those cases where there was no joint injury (P < 0.001). Early surgical exploration to identify and to treat the joint injury is recommended.