bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in social representations of aggression: Men justify, women excuse?
Authors: Astin Sarah , Redston Phillip , Campbell Anne 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWomen tend to hold an expressive social representation of aggression (as a loss of self‐control) while men tend to hold an instrumental representation (as a means of imposing control over others). Because expressive beliefs correspond to excuses and instrumental beliefs to justifications, it may be a sex difference in moral acceptability of aggression that informs social representation. Participants completed the Expagg questionnaire with reference to an episode of same‐sex or cross‐sex physical aggression and rated the moral acceptability of their behaviour. Women scored higher on Expagg (specifically lower than men on the instrumental scale) but there was no effect of target sex or participant‐by‐target interaction. Contrary to expectation, women rated their own aggression as more acceptable than did men and hence this could not explain their lower levels of instrumentality relative to men. Aggr. Behav. 29:128–133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“She is not actually bullied.” the discourse of harassment in student groups
Authors: Teräsahjo Timo , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBullying is a considerable problem in schools. It has various negative effects on the children involved. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how children themselves interpret and construct bullying. Three elementary school classes with a high number of victim nominations were chosen among the 48 classes taking part in a larger study. The pupils from selected classes were interviewed in small groups. The interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the discourse analytical methodology described by Potter and Wetherell [1987]. Various recurrently used systems of terms (e.g., interpretative repertoires) were found. The results suggest that bullying can be construed as unproblematic and justified among children. For example, the ‘interpretative repertoire of underestimation’ constructs bullying as a game or some other harmless action, the ‘odd student repertoire’ describes the victim as a negatively deviant student who cannot behave as he/she should and the ‘interpretative repertoire of deserving’ constructs meaningful reasons for hostility towards the victim. These and other interpretative repertoires are described and discussed. Aggr. Behav. 29:134–154. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the terminal region of model predictive control for non‐linear systems with input/state constraints
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hua , O'Reilly John , Ballance Donald J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper addresses the terminal region of model‐based predictive control (MPC) for non‐linear systems with control input and state constraints. Based on a stability condition of non‐linear MPC, a method to determine the terminal weighting term in the performance index and the terminal stabilizing control law to enlarge the terminal region and thus the domain of attraction of the non‐linear MPC is proposed. An LMI based optimization approach is developed to choose the terminal weighting item and fictitious terminal stabilizing control law so as to enlarge the terminal region of the non‐linear MPC method. The proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example and compares favourably with existing results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive control for non‐negative and compartmental dynamical systems with applications to general anesthesia
Authors: Haddad Wassim M. , Hayakawa Tomohisa , Bailey James M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNon‐negative and compartmental dynamical system models are composed of homogeneous interconnected subsystems or compartments which exchange variable non‐negative quantities of material with conservation laws describing transfer, accumulation, and elimination between the compartments and the environment. These models are widespread in biological and physiological sciences and play a key role in understanding these processes. In this paper, we develop a direct adaptive control framework for linear uncertain non‐negative and compartmental systems. The proposed framework is Lyapunov‐based and guarantees partial asymptotic set‐point regulation; that is, asymptotic set‐point stability with respect to part of the closed‐loop system states associated with the plant. In addition, the adaptive controller guarantees that the physical system states remain in the non‐negative orthant of the state space. Finally, a numerical example involving the infusion of the anesthetic drug propofol for maintaining a desired constant level of depth of anesthesia for non‐cardiac surgery is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fixed‐point steady‐state analysis of adaptive filters
Authors: Yousef Nabil R. , Sayed Ali H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe steady‐state performance of adaptive filters can vary significantly when they are implemented in finite precision arithmetic, which makes it vital to analyse their performance in a quantized environment. Such analyses can become difficult for adaptive algorithms with non‐linear update equations. This paper develops a feedback and energy‐conservation approach to the steady‐state analysis of quantized adaptive algorithms that bypasses some of the difficulties encountered by traditional approaches. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crane‐Heise syndrome: A second familial case report with elaboration of phenotype
Authors: Zand Dina J. , Carpentieri David , Huff Dale , Medne Livija , Napierala Dobrawa , Lee Brendan , Zackai Elaine 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe constellation of features in Crane‐Heise syndrome (CHS) includes 1) poorly mineralized calvarium, 2) characteristic facial anomalies, and 3) extracranial skeletal anomalies that involve both vertebral anomalies and absent clavicles. Since the original report of Crane and Heise [1981: Pediatrics 68:235–237] describing three affected siblings, there have been few isolated cases published. We present two siblings from a second pedigree with features strikingly similar to those presented in the original publication, and distinct clinical differences, including distal phalangeal hypoplasia and mild cardiac and GI abnormalities that may represent familial variation. Despite extensive cytogenetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses, we could not elucidate a molecular mechanism for this rare phenotype. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ten years follow up of a boy with a complex chromosomal rearrangement: Going from a > 5 to 15‐breakpoint CCR
Authors: Houge Gunnar , Liehr Thomas , Schoumans Jacqueline , Ness Gro O. , Solland Kjetil , Starke Heike , Claussen Uwe , Strømme Petter , Åkre Bjug , Vermeulen Stefan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA moderately mentally retarded 10‐year‐old boy of very short stature was found initially to have a complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. A balanced twelve‐breakpoint CCR was suggested after extensive investigations including subtelomere FISH, whole chromosome paints, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), multicolor FISH (MFISH), and spectral karyotyping (SKY). SKY and MFISH gave slightly discrepant results. For further clarification of the karyotype, multicolor banding (MCB) analysis and FISH with region‐specific YAC probes were done. This allowed clarification of a sixteen‐fragment CCR to be made, the most complex constitutional chromosomal rearrangement reported so far. Remarkably, two ‘secondary’ insertions originated from the interior of a ‘primary’ insertion by an excision/duplication event. The randomness of the fragments and the complexity of the derivative chromosomes suggest that this CCR is the result of a single meiotic event, e.g., faulty repair of a five‐chromosome knot. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New heritable fragile site at 15q13 in both members of a nonconsanguineous couple
Authors: Karadeniz Nadide Nilüfer , Tunca Yusuf , Imirzalıoğlu Necat 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe detection of a fragile site in a patient often causes concerns due to its potential significance and the necessity to be followed‐up properly with genetic counseling. Here we present a new heritable fragile site at 15q13, which was spontaneously expressed at a high frequency in lymphocytes culture of both members of a nonconsanguineous couple with recurrent abortions. The fragile site was not detected in the parents of the female, while the male had inherited it from his father. The fragile site was seen ≥85% of cells in all the carriers. To the best of our knowledge, the presence of this fragile site is being described for the first time under different culture conditions. While it looks like the fragile site is harmless in all carriers, having heterozygosity in the couple may lead to homozygous offspring that could result in fetal loss. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrachromosomal insertion translocation resulting in duplication of chromosome band Yq11.2 in two fertile brothers
Authors: Engelen J.J.M. , Arens Y.H.J.M. , Gondrie E.T.C.M. , Alofs M.G.P. , Loneus W.H. , Hamers A.J.H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChromosome analysis in a couple referred because of two spontaneous abortions showed a normal 46,XX karyotype in the 28‐year‐old female and an aberrant Y chromosome with an enlarged short arm in the 30‐year‐old male. Subsequent chromosome analysis showed that his 33‐year‐old brother was carrier of the same Y chromosome aberration. Further characterization of the aberrant Y chromosome with FISH using probes specific for chromosome bands Yp11.32, Yq11.2, the centromere and the subtelomeric region of the p‐arm of the Y chromosome showed that chromosome band Yq11.2 was duplicated and inserted in the p‐arm of the Y chromosome. Combining the results of the analysis of GTG‐banded chromosomes and of the FISH analysis we conclude that both patients have a 46,X,ins dup(Y)(pter → p11.23::q12 → q11.1::p11.23 →) karyotype. The clinical and cytogenetical findings are reported and discussed. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noonan‐like syndrome with loose anagen hair: A new syndrome?
Authors: Mazzanti Laura , Cacciari Emanuele , Cicognani Alessandro , Bergamaschi Rosalba , Scarano Emanuela , Forabosco Antonino 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present three children with short stature, the same facial phenotype, macrocephaly, enlarged cerebral spinal fluid spaces, short neck with redundant skin, severe GH deficiency, mild psychomotor delay with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mild dilatation of the pulmonary root in two of them, and a unique combination of ectodermal abnormalities. Their appearance, not completely typical of Noonan syndrome, the behavioral phenotype, GH deficiency, darkly pigmented and hairless skin, and the unusual aspect of the hair, defined as loose anagen hair syndrome did not fit any known condition. We postulate that these children may represent a distinct, previously unreported syndrome that we would name “Noonan‐like syndrome with loose anagen hair”. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward a genetic etiology of CHARGE syndrome: I. A systematic scan for submicroscopic deletions
Authors: Lalani Seema R. , Stockton David W. , Bacino Carlos , Molinari Laura M. , Glass Nancy L. , Fernbach Susan D. , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Craigen William J. , Graham John M. , Hefner Margaret A. , Lin Angela E. , McBride Kim L. , Davenport Sandra L. , Belmont John W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCHARGE syndrome is a distinctive subgroup within the more heterogeneous group of patients with CHARGE association. While significant progress has been made in the clinical delineation of this syndrome, the molecular basis of the disorder remains unknown. Based on the complex phenotype, some overlap with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), and its estimated population incidence, we hypothesized that CHARGE syndrome could be caused by an unidentified genomic microdeletion. In order to address this hypothesis, we carried out a genome‐wide screen for loss of expected heterozygosity using 811 microsatellite markers in ten CHARGE syndrome subjects and their unaffected parents. Eight markers gave results suggestive of failure to inherit one parental allele. These loci were tested with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), but none showed evidence of deletion. This screen sets upper limits on the length of a CHARGE‐related microdeletion, should that be the genetic mechanism underlying the phenotype. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathogenic role of mtDNA duplications in mitochondrial diseases associated with mtDNA deletions
Authors: Odoardi Francesca , Rana Michele , Broccolini Aldobrando , Mirabella Massimiliano , Modoni Anna , D'Amico Adele , Papacci Manuela , Tonali Pietro , Servidei Serenella , Silvestri Gabriella 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe estimated the frequency of multiple mtDNA rearrangements by Southern blot in 32 patients affected by mitochondrial disorders associated with single deletions in order to assess genotype‐phenotype correlations and elucidate the pathogenic significance of mtDNA duplications. Muscle in situ hybridization studies were performed in patients showing mtDNA duplications at Southern blot. We found multiple rearrangements in 12/32 (37.5%) patients; in particular, mtDNA duplications were detected in 4/4 Kearns‐Sayre syndrome (KSS), in 1 Pearson's syndrome, in 1/3 encephalomyopathies with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), and in 2/23 PEO. In situ studies documented an exclusive accumulation of deleted mtDNAs in cytochrome c oxidase negative fibers of patients with mtDNA duplications. The presence of mtDNA duplications significantly correlated with onset of symptoms before age 15 and occurrence of clinical multisystem involvement. Analysis of biochemical data documented a predominant reduction of complex III in patients without duplications compared to patients with mtDNA duplications. Our data indicate that multiple mtDNA rearrangements are detectable in a considerable proportion of patients with single deletions and that mtDNA duplications do not cause any oxidative impairment. They more likely play a pathogenic role in the determination of clinical expression of mitochondrial diseases associated with single mtDNA deletions, possibly generating deleted mtDNAs in embryonic tissues by homologous recombination. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recycling of high density polyethylene/poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene ternary mixture with the aid of high energy radiation and compatibilizers
Authors: Elmaghor Fathi , Zhang Liye , Li Hangquan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTernary mixtures of waste plastics of high density polyethylene (HDPE), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and polystyrene (PS) was recycled using a single‐screw extruder. Poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene/butylenes‐b‐styrene) were introduced as compatibilizers for HDPE/PVC and HDPE/PS, respectively. After the polymer blends was prepared via extrusion, they were subjected to high energy irradiation. The morphology and the mechanical properties of the hybrid blends were examined. Scanning electron micrographs and transmission electron micrographs showed that both compatibilizers and irradiation improved the uniformity and dispersion of the system. The heterogeneous crosslinking generated by irradiation resulted in an optimum impact strength. High elongation at break was achieved by using compatibilizers. The improvement of tensile strength was moderate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 12: 2756–2762, 2003
Rheological properties of semidilute solutions of poly(acrylic acid) modified with hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer
Authors: Zhuang Dongqing , Zhang Hongdong , Yang Yuliang , Zhang Yunxiang 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHydrocarbon and fluorocarbon end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomers with 9, 23, and 45 ethylene oxide units were synthesized by the esterification method. Copolymerization of these macromers with acrylic acid (AA) resulted in hydrophobically grafted poly(AA)s (PAAs) containing different lengths of PEG spacers. Their solution properties were investigated by rheological measurements and compared to those without hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon groups and without PEG spacers. Evident hydrophobic association was found to exist in the aqueous solution of these hydrophobically grafted copolymers, and the associating efficiency was improved by the flexible PEG spacer compared to those counterparts without them. However, the intramolecular association became predominant with the spacer length increase and the solution viscosity decreased. A wide viscosity plateau was observed for macromer modified polyelectrolytes in the alkalization process, which was unavailable for hydrophobically modified ones without PEG spacers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 12: 2777–2783, 2003
Self‐interference flow of an isotactic polypropylene melt in a cavity during injection molding. I. Effect of the self‐interference flow on the properties
Authors: Dai Wenli , Liu Pengsheng , Wang Xiayu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe self‐interference flow (SIF) of a melt in a cavity during injection molding is introduced. It comes from two streams of the melt being split by a patented mold gate called a twin gate. The effects of this flow on the static and dynamic mechanical properties, thickness distribution, and shrinkage in the transverse direction (TD) of injection‐molded isotactic polypropylene parts are discussed. SIF has an influence on the static mechanical properties, especially the impact strength. There are slight increases in the tensile strength and Young's modulus and an increase of approximately 70–90% in the impact strength in comparison with the properties of samples obtained by a conventional flow process with a common pin gate. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis studies show an increase in the storage modulus for SIF samples. Results obtained from research into the effect of the mold temperature and injection pressure on the impact strength show that the impact strength of SIF specimens has a weaker dependence on the mold temperature and injection pressure. In addition, the flow brings a more uniform thickness distribution and a smaller shrinkage in the TD to SIF samples. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2784–2790, 2003
Water and temperature response of semi‐IPN hydrogels composed of chitosan and polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Kim Seon Jeong , Shin Su Ryon , Lee Song Min , Kim In Young , Kim Sun I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTemperature‐responsive semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) constructed with chitosan and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The semi‐IPN determined the sorption behavior of water at several temperatures and at a relative humidity (RH) of 95% using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) system. Water diffusion coefficients of semi‐IPNs were calculated according to the Fickian Law at several temperatures and exhibited a relatively water uptake, 0.1–0.4 at room temperature. The water uptake of hydrogels depended on temperature. The apparent activation energy was dependent of the composition of the semi‐IPN with value of 32.8–34.8 kJmol−1. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 12: 2721–2724, 2003
Chemorheological study of compatibilized blends of low‐density polyethylene and polydimethyl siloxane rubber
Authors: Jana R. N. , Nando G. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCompatibilization of the blends of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) rubber and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was achieved through reactive processing during extrusion in a Monsanto Processability Tester (MPT). The chemorheological characteristics of 50 : 50 LDPE : PDMS blends with varying proportions (0–8 wt %) of ethylene comethyl acrylate (EMA) were investigated at three different temperatures (170, 190, and 210°C) and four different shear rates (61.3, 122.6, 306.6, and 613.1 s−1). It was found that EMA reacts with vinyl groups of PDMS rubber at a temperature of 190°C during extrusion through the capillary of MPT, forming EMA‐grafted‐PDMS rubber (EMA‐g‐PDMS), which acts as the compatibilizer for the blend systems. The results are based on IR spectroscopy, melt rheology, and phase morphology of the blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 12: 2810–2817, 2003
Self‐interference flow of an isotactic polypropylene melt in a cavity during injection molding. II. Morphology and crystallinity
Authors: Dai Wenli , Lui Pengsheng , Wang Xiayu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article is principally concerned with the morphology and crystallinity of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) parts molded by injection molding, during which a self‐interference flow (SIF) occurs for the melt in the cavity. Scanning electron microscopy shows that a transverse flow takes place in SIF samples. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry show that SIF moldings exhibit a γ phase, in addition to α and β phases, and high crystallinity. Meanwhile, the results for iPP moldings made by the conventional flow process, that is, conventional injection molding, are reported for comparison. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2791–2796, 2003
Microcellular foam of polymer blends of HDPE/PP and their composites with wood fiber
Authors: Rachtanapun P. , Selke S. E. M. , Matuana L. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this study, the effects of batch processing conditions (foaming time and temperature) and blend composition as well as the effect of incorporating wood fiber into the blends on the crystallinity, sorption behavior of CO2, void fraction, and cellular morphology of microcellular foamed high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/polypropylene (PP) blends and their composites with wood fiber were studied. Blending decreased the crystallinity of HDPE and PP and facilitated microcellular foam production in blend materials. The void fraction was strongly dependent on the processing conditions and on blend composition. Foamed samples with a high void fraction were not always microcellular. The addition of wood fiber inhibited microcellular foaming. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2842–2850, 2003