bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did mpox knowledge, attitudes and beliefs affect intended behaviour in the general population and men who are gay, bisexual and who have sex with men? An online cross-sectional survey in the UK
Authors: Smith Louise E , Potts Henry WW , Brainard Julii , May Tom , Oliver Isabel , Amlôt Richard , Yardley Lucy , Rubin G James 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate rates of mpox beliefs, knowledge and intended behaviours in the general population and in gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), and factors associated with intended behaviours. To test the impact of motivational messages (vs a factual control) on intended behaviours.DesignCross-sectional online survey including a nested randomised controlled trial.SettingData collected from 5 September 2022 to 6 October 2022.ParticipantsParticipants were aged 18 years or over and lived in the UK (general population). In addition, GBMSM were male, and gay, bisexual or had sex with men. The general population sample was recruited through a market research company. GBMSM were recruited through a market research company, the dating app Grindr and targeted adverts on Meta (Facebook and Instagram).Main outcome measuresIntention to self-isolate, seek medical help, stop all sexual contact, share details of recent sexual contacts and accept vaccination.ResultsSociodemographic characteristics differed by sample. There was no effect of very brief motivational messaging on behavioural intentions. Respondents from Grindr and Meta were more likely to intend to seek help immediately, completely stop sexual behaviour and be vaccinated or intend to be vaccinated, but being less likely to intend to self-isolate (ps<0.001). In the general population sample, intending to carry out protective behaviours was generally associated with being female, older, having less financial hardship, greater worry, higher perceived risk to others and higher perceived susceptibility to and severity of mpox (ps<0.001). There were fewer associations with behaviours in the Grindr sample, possibly due to reduced power.ConclusionsGBMSM were more likely to intend to enact protective behaviours, except for self-isolation. This may reflect targeted public health efforts and engagement with this group. Associations with socioeconomic factors suggest that providing financial support may encourage people to engage with protective behaviours.
Mental health status of individuals with diabetes in Korea before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of data from the Korean national health and nutrition examination surveys of 2018–2019 and 2020–2021
Authors: Jung Hyejin 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the mental health status of patients with diabetes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the effect of COVID-19 on their mental health status. This study was the first to investigate the relationship between diabetes and mental health in the Korean population during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis retrospective cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of mental health problems before (2018–2019) and during (2020–2021) the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with diabetes aged 40 years or older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mental health problems were assessed using self-reported experiences of depression diagnosis, stress perception and suicide ideation. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Clinically significant depression requiring treatment was determined using an optimal cut-off score of 10 out of a total of 27 points.ParticipantsThere were 824 men and 763 women in the 2018–2019 survey and 882 men and 887 women in 2020–2021.ResultsIn the unadjusted analysis, women had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of suicide ideation in 2020–2021 (2.9, 95% CI: 1.5 to 4.2) than in 2018–2019 (1.0, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.7, but p<0.0067). There was no statistically significant difference in both men and women in 2018–2019 after adjusting for age, education, economic activity, hypoglycaemic drug intake or insulin injection, current alcohol consumption, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. A comparison of the results of the PHQ-9 survey conducted in 2018–2019 and 2020–2021 found no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of depressive disorder among both men and women.ConclusionsLong-term, retrospective observations and studies on the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of patients with diabetes should be conducted in the future.
Patient-led home-based follow-up after surgery for colorectal cancer: the protocol of the prospective, multicentre FUTURE-primary implementation study
Authors: Voigt Kelly Raquel , Wullaert Lissa , Höppener Diederik J , Schreinemakers Jennifer M J , Doornebosch Pascal G , Verseveld Maria , Peeters Koen , Verhoef Cornelis , Husson Olga , Grünhagen Dirk 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer in the Netherlands. Approximately 90% of patients can be treated with surgery, which is considered potentially curative. Postoperative surveillance during the first 5 years after surgery pursues to detect metastases in an early, asymptomatic and treatable stage. Multiple large randomised controlled trials have failed to show any (cancer-specific) survival benefit of intensive postoperative surveillance compared with a minimalistic approach in patients with CRC. This raises the question whether an (intensive) in-hospital postoperative surveillance strategy is still warranted from both a patient well-being and societal perspective. A more modern, home-based surveillance strategy could be beneficial in terms of patients’ quality of life and healthcare costs.Methods and analysisThe multicentre, prospective FUTURE-primary study implements a patient-led home-based surveillance after curative CRC treatment. Here, patients are involved in the choice regarding three fundamental aspects of their postoperative surveillance. First regarding frequency, patients can opt for additional follow-up moments to the minimal requirement as outlined by the current Dutch national guidelines. Second regarding the setting, both in-hospital or predominantly home-based options are available. And third, concerning patient–doctor communication choices ranging from in-person to video chat, and even silent check-ups. The aim of the FUTURE-primary study is to evaluate if such a patient-led home-based follow-up approach is successful in terms of quality of life, satisfaction and anxiety compared with historic data. A successful implementation of the patient-led aspect will be assessed by the degree in which the additional, optional follow-up moments are actually utilised. Secondary objectives are to evaluate quality of life, anxiety, fear of cancer recurrence and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was given by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Erasmus Medical Centre, The Netherlands (2021-0499). Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05656326.
Identifying and prioritising future interventions with stakeholders to improve paediatric urgent care pathways in Scotland, UK: a mixed-methods study
Authors: King Emma , France Emma , Malcolm Cari , Kumar Simita , Dick Smita , Kyle Richard G , Wilson Philip , Aucott Lorna , Turner Stephen , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo identify and prioritise interventions, from the perspectives of parents and health professionals, which may be alternatives to current unscheduled paediatric urgent care pathways.DesignFLAMINGO (FLow of AdMissions in chIldren and youNG peOple) is a sequential mixed-methods study, with public and patient involvement (PPI) throughout. Data linkage for urgent admissions and three referral sources: emergency department, out of hours service and general practice, was followed by qualitative interviews with parents and professionals. Findings were presented and discussed at a stakeholder intervention prioritisation event.SettingNational Health Service in Scotland, UK.ParticipantsQuantitative data: children with urgent medical admission to hospital from 2015 to 2017. Qualitative interviews: parents and health professionals with experiences of urgent short stay hospital admissions of children. PPI engagement was conducted with nine parent–toddler groups and a university-based PPI advisory group. Stakeholder event: parents, health professionals and representatives from Scottish Government, academia, charities and PPI attended.ResultsData for 171 039 admissions which included 92 229 short stay admissions were analysed and 48 health professionals and 21 parents were interviewed. The stakeholder event included 7 parents, 12 health professionals and 28 other stakeholders. Analysis and synthesis of all data identified seven interventions which were prioritised at the stakeholder event: (1) addressing gaps in acute paediatric skills of health professionals working in community settings; (2) assessment and observation of acutely unwell children in community settings; (3) creation of holistic children’s ‘hubs’; (4) adoption of ‘hospital at home’ models; and three specialised care pathways for subgroups of children; (5) convulsions; (6) being aged <2 years old; and (7) wheeze/bronchiolitis. Stakeholders prioritised interventions 1, 2 and 3; these could be combined into a whole population intervention. Barriers to progressing these include resources, staffing and rurality.ConclusionsHealth professionals and families want future interventions that are patient-centred, community-based and aligned to outcomes that matter to them.
Nursing support for breathlessness in patients with cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Kako Jun , Morikawa Miharu , Kobayashi Masamitsu , Kanno Yusuke , Kajiwara Kohei , Nakano Kimiko , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Shimizu Yoichi , Hori Megumi , Niino Mariko , Suzuki Miho , Shimazu Taichi 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo identify nursing support provided for the relief of breathlessness in patients with cancer.DesignA scoping review following a standard framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley.Study selectionElectronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Ichushi-Web of the Japan Medical Abstract Society Databases) were searched from inception to 31 January 2022. Studies reporting on patients with cancer (aged ≥18 years), intervention for relief from breathlessness, nursing support and quantitatively assessed breathlessness using a scale were included.ResultsOverall, 2629 articles were screened, and 27 were finally included. Results of the qualitative thematic analysis were categorised into 12 nursing support components: fan therapy, nurse-led intervention, multidisciplinary intervention, psychoeducational programme, breathing technique, walking therapy, inspiratory muscle training, respiratory rehabilitation, yoga, acupuncture, guided imagery and abdominal massage.ConclusionsWe identified 12 components of nursing support for breathlessness in patients with cancer. The study results may be useful to understand the actual state of nursing support provided for breathlessness in patients with terminal cancer and to consider possible support that can be implemented.
Prevalence of questionable health behaviours in Serbia and their psychological roots: protocol for a nationally representative survey
Authors: Knezevic Goran , Lazarević Ljiljana , Purić Danka , Zupan Zorana , Žeželj Iris 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionWe will launch a national survey in Serbia to document the prevalence of two types of questionable health behaviours: (1) intentional non-adherence to medical recommendations and (2) use of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine practices, as well as the relation between the two. We will also investigate their psychological roots, including (a) ‘distal’ predictors such as HEXACO personality traits (plus Disintegration) and thinking dispositions (rational/experiential thinking and cognitive reflexivity), and (b) ‘proximal’ predictors under the umbrella ‘irrational mindset’ (set of unfounded beliefs consisting of conspiratorial thinking, superstition, magical health beliefs as well as selected cognitive biases), which have more content-wise overlap with the health behaviours.Methods and analysisIn this cross-sectional study, a research agency will collect data from a nationally representative sample (n=1043; age 18–75 years; estimated start/end—June/November 2023) recruited online (approximately, 70% of the sample, aged 18–54; 11 years) and face-to-face (approximately, 30% of the sample, aged 55–75 years). Participants will complete a battery of tests assessing questionable health behaviours, basic personality traits, thinking dispositions, irrational mindset, sociopolitical beliefs, sociodemographic and health-related variables. Prevalence rates will be calculated using descriptive statistics. To explore the relation between (psychological) predictors and questionable health behaviours, we will use hierarchical regression and partial mediation models (path analysis or full SEM models).Ethics and disseminationEthical Committees of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade (#935/1), Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation (#139/1) and Faculty of Media and Communications (#228) approved the protocol. Only participants who provide informed consent will participate in the study. A research report based on the study results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and results will be made available to stakeholders through reports on the project websitehttps://reasonforhealth.f.bg.ac.rs/en/and disseminated via social media.Trial registration numberNCT05808660
Impact of strategies to mitigate misinformation in diverse settings and populations: a protocol for a living evidence synthesis
Authors: Wilson Michael , Vélez Marcela , Lavis John 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionMisinformation refers to inadvertent misleading information that the public may be exposed and share without intent to cause harm, and can delay or prevent effective care, affect mental health, lead to misallocation of health resources and/or create or exacerbate public-health crises. There are many strategies to address misinformation, but there is a need to evaluate their effects. Our objective is to synthesise and routinely update evidence to assess the impact of strategies to mitigate health-related misinformation in diverse settings, and populations.Methods and analysisWe will search seven databases in May 2023 with planned updates at 6 and 9 months, which will be supplemented with searches for grey literature and reference lists of included studies and contacting experts. Two reviewers will independently screen all search results for studies that evaluate one or more approaches to addressing health-related misinformation. One researcher will conduct data extraction and risk of bias assessments, which will be reviewed by a second reviewer for accuracy. We will include experimental, quasi-experimental and observational studies for any populations, settings and diseases without language or publication restrictions. We will conduct quantitative analysis if meta-analytical pooling is possible. If pooling is not possible, we will synthesise quantitative data according to outcomes and interventions addressed, and present a narrative summary of findings disaggregated by sex and/or gender, irrespective of whether differences were found.Ethics and disseminationThere are no individuals or protected health information involved and no safety issues identified. Results will be published through the Global Commission on Evidence and COVID-END websites, in a peer-reviewed journal, as well as through plain-language materials.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023421149.
The Harz Mountains (Germany) – Cadomia meets Avalonia and Baltica: U–Pb ages of detrital and magmatic zircon as a key for the decoding of Pangaea's central suture
Authors: Linnemann Ulf , Zweig Maren , Zieger-Hofmann Mandy , Vietor Tim , Zieger Johannes , Haschke Jessica , Gärtner Andreas , Mende Katja , Krause Rita , Knolle Friedhart 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

U–Pb ages of detrital (
n
= 2391) and magmatic (
n
= 170) zircon grains from the Harz Mountains were obtained by LA-ICP-MS for provenance studies and absolute age dating. Results point to a complete closure of the Rheic Ocean at
c.
419 Ma. A narrow Rhenish Seaway then re-opened in Emsian to mid-Devonian time (
c.
390–400 Ma). Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Harz Mountains were deposited on the northwestern (Rheno-Hercynian) and on the southeastern (Saxo-Thuringian) margins of the Rhenish Seaway. A new U–Pb zircon age from a plagiogranite (329 ± 2 Ma) within a harzburgite makes the existence of oceanic lithosphere in the Rhenish Seaway probable. The Rhenish Seaway was completely closed by Serpukhovian time (
c.
328 Ma). Existence of a terrane in the seaway is not supported by the new data. Provenance studies and spatial arrangement allow reconstruction of the thin- to thick-skinned obduction style of the Harz Mountains onto the southeastern margin of East Avalonia (Rheno-Hercynian Zone) during the Variscan orogeny. Detrital zircon populations define Rheno-Hercynian and Saxo-Thuringian nappes. Intrusion of the granitoid plutons of the Harz Mountains occurred in a time window of
c.
300 to 295 Myr and constrained the termination of Variscan deformation.
The Mwesia Beds of northern Malawi in relation to the Tanganyika Problem
Authors: Chindebvu Elizabeth Gomani , Jacobs Louis L. , Juwayeyi Yusuf M. , Perez Myria L. , Polcyn Michael J. , Simfukwe Harrison H. , Vineyard Diana P. , Winkler Dale A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we trace the saga of the rocks and fossils discovered along Stevenson Road, northern Malawi. Fish and bivalves discovered along the road were proclaimed the first fossils of Central Africa. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, they became a large part of the ‘Tanganyika Problem’, the notion of whether a Jurassic incursion of the sea left fossils in what is now Malawi and relict marine invertebrates in Lake Tanganyika. Later studies clarified both the geology and zoology of the region, but no more informative fossils were found in Malawi until 2016 when a specimen of
Eunotosaurus
was discovered by a herdsman in the original nineteenth century fossil locality. He presented the fossil to the Cultural and Museum Centre Karonga, the public face of geoheritage in Malawi. That specimen constrains the upper age limit of the site to approximately 259 Ma (Late Permian). The Tanganyika Problem is now largely of historical interest, yet in a more current multidisciplinary context – the timing and mechanisms of the evolutionary transition of clades from the marine realm into freshwater biomes open new questions about historical biogeography in a geological context.
BCL-xL Targeting to Induce Apoptosis and to Eliminate Chemotherapy-Induced Senescent Tumor Cells: From Navitoclax to Platelet-Sparing BCL-xL PROTACs
Authors: Skwarska Anna , Konopleva Marina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Restoring apoptotic cell death is a critical goal for cancer therapy. One of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells evade death and maintain survival in the face of stress signals is by overexpression of prosurvival B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family members such as BCL2, BCL-xL, and MCL1, which suppress the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis through complex protein and membrane interactions. While these antiapoptotic proteins have been validated as potent therapeutic targets, synthesis of their inhibitors remained challenging for decades mainly due to the presence of a difficult to target, highly hydrophobic groove on the surface. The groove serves as a binding site for the BH3 domain of corresponding proapoptotic partners, which leads to their sequestration and prevents apoptosis. In 2008, a Cancer Research article by Tse and colleagues, led by Dr. Steven Elmore from Abbott Laboratories, reported the discovery of the first orally bioavailable BCL2/BCL-xL inhibitor, navitoclax (ABT-263), marking the onset of an era of “BH3 mimetics” in cancer therapeutics and changing the therapeutic landscape especially for leukemia. Here, we reflect on how this landmark study fueled development of small-molecule BH3 mimetics like venetoclax and seek to indicate new strategies and future directions for improving the clinical activity of navitoclax for hematologic malignancies.
See related article by Tse and colleagues, Cancer Res 2008;68:3421–3428.
Influence of Half-life and Smoking/Nonsmoking Ratio on Biomarker Consistency between Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: Ashley David L. , Zhu Wanzhe , Bhandari Deepak , Wang Lanqing , Feng Jun , Wang Yuesong , Meng Lei , Xia Baoyun , Jarrett Jeffery M. , Chang Cindy M. , Kimmel Heather L. , Blount Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Biomarkers of exposure are tools for understanding the impact of tobacco use on health outcomes if confounders like demographics, use behavior, biological half-life, and other sources of exposure are accounted for in the analysis.

Methods:
We performed multiple regression analysis of longitudinal measures of urinary biomarkers of alkaloids, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and metals to examine the sample-to-sample consistency in Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study including demographic characteristics and use behavior variables of persons who smoked exclusively. Regression coefficients, within- and between-person variance, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were compared with biomarker smoking/nonsmoking population mean ratios and biological half-lives.

Results:
Most biomarkers were similarly associated with sex, age, race/ethnicity, and product use behavior. The biomarkers with larger smoking/nonsmoking population mean ratios had greater regression coefficients related to recency of exposure. For VOC and alkaloid metabolites, longer biological half-life was associated with lower within-person variance. For each chemical class studied, there were biomarkers that demonstrated good ICCs.

Conclusions:
For most of the biomarkers of exposure reported in the PATH Study, for people who smoke cigarettes exclusively, associations are similar between urinary biomarkers of exposure and demographic and use behavior covariates. Biomarkers of exposure within-subject consistency is likely associated with nontobacco sources of exposure and biological half-life.

Impact:
Biomarkers measured in the PATH Study provide consistent sample-to-sample measures from which to investigate the association of adverse health outcomes with the characteristics of cigarettes and their use.