bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Monoterpenes by an Engineered Cytochrome P450
Authors: Yuan Feiyan , Ding Jing , Sun Yiyang , Liang Jianhua , Luo Yunzi , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein engineering of cytochrome P450s has enabled these biocatalysts to promote a variety of abiotic reactions beyond nature‘s repertoire. Integrating such non‐natural transformations with microbial biosynthetic pathways could allow sustainable enzymatic production of modified natural product derivatives. In particular, trifluoromethylation is a highly desirable modification in pharmaceutical research due to the positive effects of the trifluoromethyl group on drug potency, bioavailability, and metabolic stability. This study demonstrates the biosynthesis of non‐natural trifluoromethyl‐substituted cyclopropane derivatives of natural monoterpene scaffolds using an engineered cytochrome P450 variant, P411‐PFA. P411‐PFA successfully catalyzed the transfer of a trifluoromethyl carbene from 2‐diazo‐1,1,1‐trifluoroethane to the terminal alkenes of several monoterpenes, including L‐carveol, carvone, perilla alcohol, and perillartine, to generate the corresponding trifluoromethylated cyclopropane products. Furthermore, integration of this abiotic cyclopropanation reaction with a reconstructed metabolic pathway for L‐carveol production in Escherichia coli enabled one‐step biosynthesis of a trifluoromethylated L‐carveol derivative from limonene precursor. Overall, amalgamating synthetic enzymatic chemistry with established metabolic pathways represents a promising approach to sustainably produce bioactive natural product analogs.
Trifluoroethylation and Pentafluoropropylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Le Thanh V. , Ramachandru Girish G. , Daugulis Olafs 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyfluorinated substituents often enhance effectiveness, improve the stability within metabolic processes, and boost the lipophilicity of biologically active compounds. However, methods for their introduction into aliphatic carbon chains remain very limited. A potentially general route to integrate the fluorinated scaffolds into organic molecules involves insertion of fluorine‐containing carbenes into C(sp3)−H bonds. The electron‐withdrawing characteristics of perfluoroalkyl groups enhances the reactivity of these carbenes which should enable the functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds. Curiously, it appears that use of perfluoroalkyl‐containing carbenes in alkane C−H functionalization is exceedingly rare. This concept describes photolysis, enzymatic catalysis, and transition metal catalysis as three primary approaches to C(sp3)−H functionalization by trifluoromethylcarbene and its homologues.
Photocatalytic metal‐free oxidation of alcohols with molecular oxygen in supercritical CO2 medium
Authors: Merkulov Vladislav G. , Zharkov Mikhail N. , Turova Olga V. , Ivanov Roman E. , Kuchurov Ilya V. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNear‐UV‐light‐induced oxidative conversion of cyclic and linear alcohols into corresponding carbonyl compounds was achieved in the supercritical CO2 medium under the action of molecular oxygen in the presence of 2‐fluoroanthraquinone (1 mol %), a simple and available metal‐free photocatalyst. A thorough examination of the impact of various process parameters on the reaction outcome allowed to identify a narrow density area at ~0.3 g/cm3 in the vicinity of the medium critical point and optimal reaction conditions (~45 °C, ~8.4 MPa) where up to 99 % conversions and 65–93 % yields of the oxidation products could be attained. Furthermore, it has been shown that compressed atmospheric air, a far cheaper and safer oxidizer than pure oxygen, can be applied to the reaction. Based on the experimental data, a plausible mechanism of the photocatalytic process has been proposed comprising photocatalyst excitation with near‐UV light followed by the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) as the key stages.
A Critical Review of The Process and Challenges of Silicon Crystal Growth for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Sekar Sugunraj , Thamotharan Keerthivasan , Manickam Srinivasan , Murugesan Bharathwaj , Kakimoto Koichi , Perumalsamy Ramasamy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells have been accepted as the only environmentally and economically acceptable alternative source to fossil fuels. The majority of commercially available solar cells of all Photovoltaic (PV) cells produced worldwide, are made of crystalline silicon. Due to their excellent price/performance ratio and their demonstrated ecological durability, crystalline silicon wafers are by far the most common absorber material used in the production of solar cells and modules today. These wafers are primarily made using either a directional solidification that produces large‐grained multi‐crystalline (mc‐Si) wafers with a greater defect density or a solar‐optimized Czochralski (Cz) growing method that produces crystalline silicon with low defect density (c‐Si). The grown crystalline wafer contains foreign atoms that enhance the wire saw damage, reduce the minority carrier lifetime as a result get the minimum conversion efficiency of the solar cells. The current review illustrates how the elements of the furnace system affect impurity production and distribution of the developed silicon ingot and how the growth process affects the chemical reaction. Additionally, it covers the outcomes of simulations and experiments conducted on the growing process of c‐Si and mc‐Si ingots and recommends the most appropriate processing parameters, geometrical system, and argon gas flow rate.
V4C3 MXene: a Type‐II Nodal Line Semimetal with Potential as High‐Performing Anode Material for Mg‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sufyan Ali , Abbas Ghulam , Sajjad Muhammad , Larsson J. Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe have used density functional theory simulations to explore the topological characteristics of a new MXene‐like material, V4C3, and its oxide counterpart, assessing their potential as anode materials for Mg‐ion batteries. Our research reveals that V4C3 monolayer is a topological type‐II nodal line semimetal, protected by time reversal and spatial inversion symmetries. This type‐II nodal line is marked by unique drumhead‐like edge states that appear either inside or outside the loop circle, contingent upon the edge ending. Intriguingly, even with an increase in metallicity due to oxygen functionalization, the topological features of V4C3 remain intact. Consequently, the monolayer V4C3 has a topologically enhanced electrical conductivity that amplifies further upon oxygen functionalization. During the charging phase, a remarkable storage concentration led to a peak specific capacity of 894.73 mAh g−1 for V4C3, which only decreases to 789.33 mAh g−1 for V4C3O2. When compared to V2C, V4C3 displays a significantly lower specific capacity loss due to functionalization, demonstrating its superior electrochemical properties. Additionally, V4C3 and V4C3O2 exhibit moderate average open‐circuit voltages (0.54 V for V4C3 and 0.58 V for V4C3O2) and energy barriers for intercalation migration (ranging between 0.29–0.63 eV), which are desirable for anode materials. Thus, our simulation results support V4C3 potential as an efficient anode material for Mg‐ion batteries.
Design of proximity‐coupled antenna array for 5G communication
Authors: Ayathil Reghunathan Sreejith , Raghavan Asaletha , Kakkattil Krishnan Anilkumar 
Published: November 2023

SummaryMicrostrip patch antennas (MPA) are widely used in wireless communication systems due to their ease of manufacture, low cost, and low profile. This work proposes a proximity‐coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna array (PRMPA) adaptable for 5G applications. However, the existing research works suffered from low gain, low efficiency, and narrow bandwidth. In addition, 5G communications suffer from path loss in high‐frequency bands. For managing this issue, the large gain antenna is essential. Hence, this research aims to design and fabricate high‐gain compact 2 × 2 slotted PRMPA for 5G applications. The antenna design is simulated on HFSS and operates at 28–37 GHz. Here, the antenna parameters like length, width, and feed line parameters are optimized using a metaheuristic optimization like the mayfly optimizer (MFO). Further, a circular‐shaped metamaterial split‐ring resonator (SRR) reduces the mutual coupling. Then, Rogers RT5880 is used as substrate material, and the design operates at 34.5 GHz. The gain and radiation efficiency achieved by the proposed antenna design are 15.4 dB and 94.4% for the simulated outcomes.
A case of intestinal T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, that showed characteristic findings by magnified endoscopy combined with narrow‐band imaging
Authors: Hirose Yuki , Saito Satoshi , Nishiguchi Takanori , Yamazaki Dai , Tateishi Tsubasa , Saito Yuuichi , Komeno Yukiko , Kodama Makoto , Iwamoto Shiho , Fukata Masayuki , Sako Minako 
Published: November 2023

AbstractT‐cell lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract (intestinal T‐cell lymphoma, [ITCL]) is rare. ITCL, not otherwise specified (ITCL, NOS) which is a type of ITCL is particularly rare. There are few case reports of ITCL, NOS but no previous reports describe its endoscopic features. In this report, the 69‐year‐old man was diagnosed with ITCL, NOS. Colonoscopy revealed the elevated legion and edematous mucosa with focal depressions in the lower rectum. On the depressed legions, magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow‐band imaging detected the disappearance of glandular structure and branching abnormal blood vessels like a tree. These findings were similar to the tree‐like appearance, which has been described as a unique feature of gastric mucosal‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The targeted biopsy of the tree‐like appearance showed abnormal histopathological findings which fit the definition of ITCL, NOS. He was treated with chemotherapy and achieved complete remission. As is the case of gastric mucosal‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, the tree‐like appearance is possibly the unique sign of ITCL, NOS. We report the endoscopic features of ITCL, NOS and show characteristic findings by magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow‐band imaging.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection and JNET classification for colorectal neoplasia: A North American academic center experience
Authors: Ahmed Nabeel , Bechara Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables minimally invasive resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms en bloc regardless of size. The Japan narrow band imaging expert team (JNET) classification utilizes optical magnification and narrow band imaging (NBI) to predict pathology. In North America, ESD is far from ubiquitous, and regional outcomes are not widely described. To date there are no North American studies describing the application and yield of the JNET classification as applied in the practice of ESD.MethodsA retrospective, single‐center, cohort analysis was performed on a prospectively maintained database of ESD procedures. Between July 2016 and February 2023, all consecutive patients treated with ESD for colorectal lesions were identified and stratified by lesion location, JNET, NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic, lateral spreading tumors, and Paris classifications. Univariate analysis was used for clinicopathological data. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 112 patients were identified. One lesion, a lipoma, was excluded. Overall, 49.5% (55/111) of lesions were colonic and 50.5% (56/111) rectal. Most lesions were lateral spreading tumors (60.4%, 67/111). Overall, 96.4% (107/111) ESDs were successfully completed, 98.1% (105/107) en bloc, and 87.9% (94/107) R0. Adverse events occurred in 1.8% (2/111) of procedures. The median diameter was 4.0 cm and resected in a median time of 62.0 min. Overall, 70.1% (47/67) lesions were upstaged from pre‐ESD biopsy. JNET 2B showed 80.2% (95% CI 71.5–87.1) accuracy for high‐grade dysplasia or sm1. All JNET type 3 were ≥sm2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsESD permits safe and effective resection of superficial colorectal neoplasms. JNET classification was more accurate than pre‐resection biopsy at predicting histology in this series.
Time‐specific convergence and divergence in individual differences in behavior: Theory, protocols and analyzes
Authors: Stamps Judy A. , Biro Peter A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the years, theoreticians and empiricists working in a wide range of disciplines, including physiology, ethology, psychology, and behavioral ecology, have suggested a variety of reasons why individual differences in behavior might change over time, such that different individuals become more similar (convergence) or less similar (divergence) to one another. Virtually none of these investigators have suggested that convergence or divergence will continue forever, instead proposing that these patterns will be restricted to particular periods over the course of a longer study. However, to date, few empiricists have documented time‐specific convergence or divergence, in part because the experimental designs and statistical methods suitable for describing these patterns are not widely known. Here, we begin by reviewing an array of influential hypotheses that predict convergence or divergence in individual differences over timescales ranging from minutes to years, and that suggest how and why such patterns are likely to change over time (e.g., divergence followed by maintenance). Then, we describe experimental designs and statistical methods that can be used to determine if (and when) individual differences converged, diverged, or were maintained at the same level at specific periods during a longitudinal study. Finally, we describe why the concepts described herein help explain the discrepancy between what theoreticians and empiricists mean when they describe the “emergence” of individual differences or personality, how they might be used to study situations in which convergence and divergence patterns alternate over time, and how they might be used to study time‐specific changes in other attributes of behavior, including individual differences in intraindividual variability (predictability), or genotypic differences in behavior.
Functional trait plasticity diverges between sexes in African cichlids: A contribution toward ecological sexual dimorphism?
Authors: McWhinnie Kirsty , Negi Deepti , Tanner K. Elizabeth , Parsons Kevin J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity enables development to produce multiple phenotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plasticity driven variation has been suggested to play a key role in adaptive divergence, and plasticity itself can evolve. However, the interaction of plasticity with the multiple levels involved with adaptive divergence is less understood. For example, sexual dimorphism can contribute adaptive variation through ecological sexual dimorphism (ESD), but the contribution of plasticity to this phenomenon is unknown. Therefore, to determine the potential contribution of plasticity to ESD, we used the adaptive radiation of Malawi cichlids. Two mouthbrooding species (Labeotropheus fuelleborni and Tropheops “Red Cheek”) with differences in foraging tactics underwent foraging experiments using benthic and limnetic treatments while accounting for sex. Plasticity in craniofacial shape and three functionally important traits were measured. Plasticity was shown, but without any sex‐based differences in shape. However, for mechanical advantage traits of the mandible sex by diet interactions were found. This suggests that ESD, may be influenced by phenotypic plasticity that diverges between sexes. Given the involvement of the mandible in parental care in cichlids this may indicate that sexual divergence in plasticity may trade‐off against maternal care tactics.
Predicting the spatial expansion of an animal population with presence‐only data
Authors: Barton Owain , Healey John R. , Cordes Line S. , Davies Andrew J. , Shannon Graeme 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPredictive models can improve the efficiency of wildlife management by guiding actions at the local, landscape and regional scales. In recent decades, a vast range of modelling techniques have been developed to predict species distributions and patterns of population spread. However, data limitations often constrain the precision and biological realism of models, which make them less useful for supporting decision‐making. Complex models can also be challenging to evaluate, and the results are often difficult to interpret for wildlife management practitioners. There is therefore a need to develop techniques that are appropriately robust, but also accessible to a range of end users. We developed a hybrid species distribution model that utilises commonly available presence‐only distribution data and minimal demographic information to predict the spread of roe deer (Capreolus caprelous) in Great Britain. We take a novel approach to representing the environment in the model by constraining the size of habitat patches to the home‐range area of an individual. Population dynamics are then simplified to a set of generic rules describing patch occupancy. The model is constructed and evaluated using data from a populated region (England and Scotland) and applied to predict regional‐scale patterns of spread in a novel region (Wales). It is used to forecast the relative timing of colonisation events and identify important areas for targeted surveillance and management. The study demonstrates the utility of presence‐only data for predicting the spread of animal species and describes a method of reducing model complexity while retaining important environmental detail and biological realism. Our modelling approach provides a much‐needed opportunity for users without specialist expertise in computer coding to leverage limited data and make robust, easily interpretable predictions of spread to inform proactive population management.
Differential utilization of surface and arboreal water bodies by birds and mammals in a seasonally dry Neotropical forest in southern Mexico
Authors: Delgado‐Martínez Carlos M. , Kolb Melanie , Pascual‐Ramírez Fermín , Mendoza Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater availability significantly influences bird and mammal ecology in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of the role of water as a limiting resource for birds and mammals remains partial because most of the studies have focused on surface water bodies in desert and semi‐desert ecosystems. This study assessed the use of two types of surface water bodies (waterholes and epikarst rock pools) and one arboreal (water‐filled tree holes) by birds and mammals in the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in southern Mexico. We deployed camera traps in 23 waterholes, 22 rock pools, and 19 water‐filled tree holes in this karstic region to record visits by small, medium, and large‐bodied birds and mammals during the dry and rainy seasons. These cameras were set up for recording videos documenting when animals were making use of water for drinking, bathing, or both. We compared the species diversity and composition of bird and mammal assemblages using the different types of water bodies by calculating Hill numbers and conducting nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), indicator species, and contingency table analyses. There was a greater species richness of birds and mammals using surface water bodies than tree holes during both seasons. There were significant differences in species composition among bird assemblages using the different water bodies, but dominant species and diversity remained the same. Terrestrial and larger mammalian species preferentially used surface water bodies, whereas arboreal and scansorial small and medium mammals were more common in arboreal water bodies. These findings suggest that differences in water body characteristics might favor segregation in mammal activity. The different water bodies may act as alternative water sources for birds and complementary sources for mammals, potentially favoring species coexistence and increasing community resilience to environmental variation (e.g., fluctuations in water availability). Understanding how differences in water bodies favor species coexistence and community resilience is of great relevance from a basic ecological perspective but is also crucial for anticipating the effects that the increased demand for water by humans and climate change can have on wildlife viability.
Probiotic or probiotics add supplement interferes with coronary heart disease: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Lingshuang , Zhang Jumei , Wang Juan , Zhao Hui , Xie Xinqiang , Wu Qingping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effect of probiotics or probiotics add supplement on improving clinical outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) has produced conflicting results. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement on blood glucose, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and depress score in patients with CHD. Search PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from February 1974 to September 2022. Pooled results were calculated using a fixed‐effect model to assess the effects of probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement in CHD. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were included in this analysis. Overall, probiotics add supplement showed statistically significant reductions in triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin‐6, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, compared to the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.35 mg/dL; SMD: −0.64 μIU/mL; SMD: −0.90; SMD: −0.57 mg/dL; SMD: −0.60 pg/mL; SMD: −0.52; respectively), but high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide (NO) were statistically significant increased (SMD: 0.45 mg/dL; SMD: 1.01 μmol/L; respectively). Then, probiotics showed statistically significant reductions in hs‐CRP, and Beck Anxiety Inventory score BDI (SMD: −0.50 mg/dL; SMD: −0.67; SMD: −0.41; respectively). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA‐IR, diastolic blood pressure, NO indicators may influence by patients age, body mass index (BMI), duration of the supplement and dose of probiotics. Our analysis showed that probiotics supplementation or probiotics add supplement improved glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and depressive disorder, particularly the patients who ages ≥60, baseline BMI <30 kg/m2, duration of intervention more than 12 weeks and the dose of probiotics ≥8 × 109 CFU/day. The PROSPERO ID was CRD42022357385.
A guideline of antiphotoaging activity of polysaccharide assay in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Qiu Hua‐Mai , You Lijun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople have become increasingly concerned about skin beauty and health issues, especially skin photoaging. Previous studies showed that skin photoaging was characterized by skin roughness and dryness. It was caused by UV radiation‐related dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress. Therefore, to investigate the antiphotoaging activity of polysaccharides, it is critical to establish the skin photoaging model, including the in vitro cellular model and the in vivo animal model. The in vitro cellular model is judged by cell viability, the MMPs expression, oxidative detection, and the quantities of inflammation cytokines. Moreover, both the damage to the epidermis and dermis of nude mice and the change of collagen content in the skin are indicators of the in vivo animal model. Thus, in this guideline, we tried to summarize the practice of antiphotoaging activity for polysaccharides.