bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Demographic Risks to Small Populations Revisited
Authors: Smith James N M , Keller Lukas F , Reid Jane M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our principal theme in this book has been to describe how small size affects the demographic performance and genetic composition of small populations. We began with a brief history of the genetic and demographic risks that are likely to affect small populations. We considered these ideas through a detailed example, the song sparrows of Mandarte Island, and by reviewing recent advances in broader knowledge. We hope we have achieved a detailed description of the genetics and demography of this focal population and that we have gained insights relevant to the biology and management of small populations in general. Since Lande (1988a) pointed out the difficulty of developing a satisfactory theory linking demography and population genetics, our knowledge has grown rapidly. The theory underpinning Caughley’s (1994) small population paradigm has been developed (e.g., Lande et al. 2003; Engen et al. 2003) and applied to small populations in the wild (e.g., Nieminen et al. 2001; Clutton-Brock and Pemberton 2004). Our knowledge of the effects of inbreeding in the wild has grown enormously (Keller and Waller 2002), and advances have also been made in other branches of conservation genetics (Frankham et al. 2002). While genetic rescue of small and struggling populations has been achieved (Ebert et al. 2002; Vila et al. 2003), we also know that such attempts can fail disastrously (Hughes et al. 2003). Finally, we are improving our understanding of how genetics and ecology interact to affect populations (Saccheri et al. 1998; Keller et al. 2002).
Linkage Analysis
Authors: Thomas Duncan C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linkage analysis is the process of determining the approximate chromosomal location of a gene by looking for evidence of cosegregation with other genes whose locations are already known (i.e., marker genes). Cosegregation is a tendency for two or more genes to be inherited together, and hence for individuals with similar phenotypes to share alleles at the marker locus. Gene mapping is a huge topic, for which only a general introduction can be given here. Those interested in more detail can read one of the excellent textbooks by Ott (1999), Haines and Pericak-Vance (1998), or Pawlowitzki et al. (1997). Terwilliger and Ott (1994) provide a useful how-to manual of the mechanics of conducting a linkage analysis, based mainly on the LINKAGE package.
On the Cartography of Syntactic Structures
Authors: Rizzi Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Syntactic structures are complex objects. Much theory-guided descriptive work on syntactic constituents over the 1980s and 1990s has shown that phrases and clauses have a richly articulated internal structure. As the empirical evidence of such complexity had been steadily accumulating, some researchers came to the conclusion that it was a worthwhile endeavor to study this rich domain on its own, and they set the goal of arriving at structural maps that could do justice to the complexity of syntactic structures. This was the initial motivation of the cartographic projects that have come to the fore in the last few years. If the impulse that prompted these efforts has to do with the complexity and richness of the domain, an equally influential driving factor is the intuition of the fundamental uniformity and underlying simplicity of the basic constituents the syntactic atoms. The tension between these two driving forces offers a useful vantage point to understand certain directions taken by the cartographic analyses and to place these studies within the broader context of current syntactic theory.
The C-System in Brythonic Celtic Languages, V2, and the EPP
Authors: Roberts Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic empirical goal of this chapter is to examine the nature and structure of the C-system in Welsh and in at least some of the other Celtic languages. (I leave aside Scots Gaelic and Modem Irish; for some remarks on the latter, see McCloskey 2000). The theoretical issue behind the discussion is to consider whether we can maintain that the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) holds at the CP-level in these languages, and, if so, in what form. Doing this entails a discussion of Germanic verb second (V2), since it has been proposed that the obligatory XP-movement into the C-system that makes up part of this phenomenon is a consequence of the EPP (cf. Chomsky 2000, 2001; Haegeman 1996; Laenzlinger 1998; Roberts 1993; and Roberts and Roussou 2002).
Enclisis and Proclisis
Authors: Shlonsky Ur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imperatives aside, pronominal clitics in Catalan, Spanish, and Italian (CASPIT) are realized as proclitics on finite verbs and as enclitics on nonfinite ones. From a descriptive perspective, the factor determining the choice between proclisis and enclisis in CASPIT is finiteness. Finiteness also plays a role in the choice between enclisis and proclisis in European Portuguese, Galician, and some other Iberian varieties (GALPORT). However, the role of finiteness in GALPORT is partly obscured by other factors, such as whether the clause is affirmative or negative, whether the infinitive is inflected for subject agreement, and whether the infinitive appears in a prepositional or adverbial adjunct clause. Enclisis is the rule in (affirmative) nonfinite subject and complement clauses, and proclisis is possible in negated infinitival clauses, as well as in adverbial clauses that contain an inflected infinitive.
Solutions For Singers
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Internationally recognized master teacher Richard Miller offers solutions to more than 200 significant questions on voice technique and performance, culled from hundreds of masterclasses and pedagogy courses. In this pragmatic guide for securing technique and artistry, Miller deals directly with problems faced by established professional performers, studio teachers, and students of singing, avoiding abstract generalities. The question-and-answer pairs are organized under 10 broad topic headings that constitute singers’ most important concerns.
The Phenomenon Of Vibrato
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Professional vocalism is characterized by a vibrato rate that is neither too narrow nor too wide in its pitch excursion. Sometimes singers, in the hope of avoiding oscillatory timbre (the dreaded wobble), are hesitant to let the full extent of pitch variance occur. They need to be reminded that full vibrancy, the source of normal vibrato, cannot result if pitch variation is restricted. Fiberoptic studies reveal that not only the vocal folds oscillate during vibrato; motion takes place in the pharyngeal wall, the epiglottis, and, to some extent, the base of the tongue.
Carry Me Back
Authors: Deyle Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carry Me Back is a study of the slave trade in national perspective. It explores the origins of the slave trade; the rise and fall of the cotton kingdom; the growth of a market economy in the South and the role slave labor played in it; the abolitionist attack on slavery; the slave trade’s effect upon the black and white South; and the kinds of local, regional, and national politics debates the slave trade sparked. Steven Deyle peppers the manuscript with descriptions of how the slave trade worked, the people involved in it, and outsiders’ observations of the practice. By looking at the impact of the slave trade on the North in an empirical manner, this manuscript distinguishes itself even from the recent award-winning books on the slave trade. By demonstrating the centrality of the slave trade to antebellum American life more broadly this will be a significant book for a wider American history audience. This book promises to be a strong addition to the landmark histories of slavery on the Oxford list, including the works of David Brion Davis, Sterling Stuckey, and John Blassingame. Like Walter Johnson’s SOUL BY SOUL, it should be reach a wide audience of American historians.
“The Nastiness of Life”: African-American Resistance to the Domestic Slave Trade
Authors: Deyle Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, Beloved, Toni Morrison writes that in the antebellum South, African-American “men and women were moved around like checkers.” In addition to being “rented out, loaned out, mortgaged, won, stolen or seized,” they were also frequently bought and sold like any other form of property. In the book, the family’s matriarch, Baby Suggs, knew all about the harsh realities of sale. Six different men had fathered her eight children-five of whom had been sold away, and two of whom had fled before a sale could occur. Baby Suggs understood the system well, and, according to Morrison, “what she called the nastiness of life was the shock she received upon learning that nobody stopped playing checkers just because the pieces included her children;’ Although Morrison based her novel on the true story of Margaret Garner, this is a work of fiction and not historical “fact:’ But the problems that her characters face are representative of those that con fronted millions of African-American men, women, and children in the ante bellum South.
Nicaragua: A New Army Finds Its Caudillo
Authors: Holden Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We declare that we consider ourselves to be friends to whomever may be his friends and enemies to whomever may be his enemies. —Part of a secret blood pact signed by followers of Gen. Anastasio Somoza García at midnight on 14 November 1933 . The public violence that racked Nicaragua until the 1860s drew on the rivalry between two factions associated respectively with the cities of León and Granada and the vast hinterlands from which each of them drew their wealth and soldiery. Practically stateless during its first forty years of life, Nicaragua degenerated into little more than a field of almost constant civil war. It was a country, a government official lamented in 1853, “in ruin and in rags.” Personalism and strongly localized kinship ties combined with the traditional loyalty owed the patria chica, hardening patronclient alliances and creating a “nefarious dynamic” of destruction. Although historians often analyze Nicaraguan politics as a contest for power between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, expedience was the rule of political affiliation as it was elsewhere in the isthmus. “Liberals” and “conservatives” throughout Nicaraguan history have invariably identified themselves with particular factions aligned with one or another party leader. Ideologically, the leadership of both parties tended to share the same classically liberal ethos. Factional leaders associated with both parties routinely pacted with factions of the other party and with regional strongmen. Sectoral economic interests were so varied and mobile that the conventional historicalmaterialist breakdown of party affiliation according to, among other things, “coffee,” “cattle,” or “capital,” cannot be sustained without serious qualifications.
Katherine Branch’s Fits
Authors: Godbeer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a beautiful afternoon in the last week of April1692. Winter was giving way to a warm spring and the towns-folk of Stamford were once again released from cramped winter companionship. Most families lived in small timber—framed homes with only four rooms, two downstairs and two above. A large stone or brick chimney stood at the center of the house, at its base an open fireplace. The outside walls were covered with clapboard. Inside the house a narrow entrance hall divided the two rooms on the ground level. A stairway, usually built along-side the chimney, led to the upper chambers. The beams supporting the steep shingled roof remained exposed, as did the other woodwork—these were unpretentious, utilitarian structures. Windows were mostly small and the houses dimly lit even during the day. There was no storage space, other than wooden chests, and so clothes and other belongings were all on view amidst the bustle of domestic activity.
Introduction
Authors: Gushee Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This History Of The Creole Band offers itself as a narrative of the vaudeville career of the first jazz band to make its mark outside New Orleans. It will also address the more general question of the beginnings of jazz as a national music, and necessarily, if glancingly, deal with the beginnings in New Orleans. An alert reader may already be muttering under his or her breath “what does the author mean by ‘jazz’?” and also, perhaps, “was it really a jazz band?” I beg such an alert reader to permit me the use of these terms for the time being, in exchange for my promise to answer these deceptively simple questions . . . eventually. The epigraph above begs the questions, perhaps, but is invaluable testimony from a musician whose mind and fingers had intimate knowledge of both ragtime and jazz and also had a thorough acquaintance with vaudeville tricks and hokum. He amply deserves being taken seriously.
Dramatis Personae
Authors: Gushee Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reder Of Biographies of the great “classical” composers— Mozart, Beethoven— suspend disbelief willingly enough and grant the relevance of the small details of an artist’s life to his or her work. But even in the case of a musician considered to be “ordinary” when compared to the extraordinary Beethoven or Mozart it’s nonetheless interesting to be able to cite some event, some fact of the day-to-day existence of the musician that explains something about the work.
Before the Beginning
Authors: Gushee Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The foregoing biographical sketches and the network of links of personal and musical acquaintanceship there displayed might be thought sufficient to account for the eventual Creole Band of 1913-1918. In fact, there was a band led probably by Bill Johnson that traveled from New Orleans to California and back ca. 1908. And to make matters more complicated, Bill Johnson remembered another band from the preceding year that to him at least was part of the story.
The Third Season
Authors: Gushee Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The start of the third season of the Creole Band was documented by a comically inexact item from Sylvester Russell’s Chicago column in the Freeman of July 15 1916. “Last Monday” would have been July10; the band opened in Winnipeg on Monday, July 18. These dates are firm, but they call into question the date of the telegram that called Louis Delille (“Big Eye” Louis Delille Nelson) to join the act.
Board of Trade and Home Office
Authors: Best Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
British society and politics were entering an exceptionally turbulent and bad-tempered phase just when Clementine joined Winston. The primary sources of disturbance and disorder lay in the flexing by the working-class movement of its muscles, an unprecedented conflict between the Lords and Commons, and trouble as usual in Ireland. There were also the Suffragettes, of whose increasing violence Clementine, a dedicated non-violent Suffragist, disapproved. (Her prompt rescue action seems to have saved Winston from being pushed under a train at Bristol by one of the aggressive sort.) The Liberal government, which had achieved little on the home front in the first two years of office, revitalised itself with a change of Prime Ministers in 1908, Asquith replacing Campbell-Bannerman, and an explicit engagement with social reforms calculated (according to one’s point of view) to appease labour or to do justice to its demands. On top of all this was the party’s awkward but ultimately inescapable commitment to deliver on its long-standing promise of Home Rule for Ireland. With this ‘New Liberalism’, Churchill found himself in eager sympathy; discovering, as usual, that where circumstances and ambition led him it was his destiny to go. His shift away from the Conservatives between 1900 and 1904 had been speeded by a perception that imperialist intoxication and suburban smugness were making them insensitive to the mood of the country, and myopic regarding the conditions in which its labouring masses worked and died.
The Dardanelles
Authors: Best Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Antwerp adventure kept Churchill away from the Admiralty for not much over a week, but that was more than long enough for the First Sea Lord, Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg, left in charge for much longer than he had expected, to feel that he had been unreasonably thrust into the firing line. His unhappiness was the greater for a rising miasma of rumour and allegation (a kind of thing much commoner in the First World War than the Second) that his Germanic background rendered him unfit to hold such a post, and that he was perhaps dangerous in it. Neither Churchill nor anyone else who knew Prince Louis believed such rubbish, but its persistence was demoralising; and, besides, Churchill had discovered that the man was not strong-minded or combative enough to be the First Sea Lord that Churchill dreamed of. Battenberg (who in order to save his family from further embarrassments in due course changed its name to Mountbatten) needed little persuasion to resign, his place being taken by someone undoubtedly more aggressive: Admiral Sir John Fisher, by now seventy-three but raring to go again. Whether this appointment was wise has been debated ever since. Churchill had considered Fisher’s suitability for the post three years earlier and had decided against him. Then, he was probably right; now, he was soon to be proved wrong. Fisher, towards whom the younger man showed an unaccustomed degree of patience and consideration, takes his place in that series of questionable attachments (amounting at their worst to a sort of infatuation) which recurred throughout Churchill’s life, often causing anxiety to his clearer-eyed wife.
Bolsheviks and Irishmen
Authors: Best Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The return of peace marked for Churchill the beginning of ten years of considerable celebrity and achievement. He was as prominent in public office as anyone can be who is not actually Prime Minister. He did good work in relation to a variety of really important national and imperial issues, not all of them directly his departmental responsibility. He was at the top of his oratorical form and was one of the most effective parliamentarians. His capacity for persisting in what most of his colleagues considered an untenable proposition (that Britain and France should not rest until the Russian Bolsheviks were destroyed) displayed itself in only that one connection and, in fact, did him little harm other than with the British Left, which had anyway long been wary of him. That Churchillian quirk apart, his political performance though the 1920s was first class. Perhaps it was the very turbulence and novelty of the post-war climate of politics both British and foreign that drew the best out of him. He excelled at handling emergencies and meeting new challenges. British politics after the war would not be as they had been before it, and could not be. They would not be, because the Prime Minister plumped for an immediate general election and gained the country’s approval for maintaining in power his war-winning coalition.
Epilogue
Authors: Best Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I undertook this book from a desire to satisfy my curiosity about Winston Churchill. Now that I’ve finished, it seems reasonable to summarise what I’ve found and to acknowledge that it has been worth the effort. I found the great man I had always supposed to be there; less great in some respects that were new to me, and with many more idiosyncracies than I could have thought possible, but with a title to a place in any pantheon not wholly reserved for stars of screen, song and stadium; and, besides all that, an extraordinary many-sided human being whom it has been exhilarating to study. What sort of a great man was he? Greatness, as commonly attributed, comes in such a variety of colours and contexts that it is as well to state at the start that his title to greatness rests on achievements in the fields of war and politics. It is of the kind that often accompanies dramatic episodes in the histories of nations and peoples, episodes almost always of armed struggle, sacrifice and heroism. Every nation has (or should one say, in our unprecedentedly demilitarised society, has had?) its warrior heroes and champions, accorded greatness for their embodiment of qualities collectively most admired. Biographers and historians who wish to recognise the existence of Great Men in history have to meet the challenge of critics who insist that who these alleged great men were, and what they did, must be explained by the hard historical work of ascertaining whom they represented, what they stood for, and what irresistible movements were sweeping humanity along at the time when they were part of it. Much indeed can be done along those lines, and should be. But there often comes a point at which these lines of explanation part from reality, the point where inner-directed elements of individual thought and action defy explanation in terms of social context.
The Legal Framework for Child Protective Services
Authors: Winterfeld Amy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Courts and CPS agencies share the goal of ensuring that children have safe, permanent homes. To reach this goal, there must be an effective working partnership between agency workers and legal and judicial personnel. Forging this partnership requires a commitment to cooperate in the interest of children, knowledge of the legal framework for child protective services, and ongoing efforts to improve collaborative practice. Court intervention, in cases of child abuse and neglect, may consist of a simple ex parte (one side only) order, a full trial by judge or jury involving all parties, or a myriad of other processes in between, in the various courts that deal with some aspect(s) of the problem. While the juvenile courts (or, in lieu thereof, family courts) remain the major forum for both venue (place of hearing or trial) and jurisdiction (authority over the parties and subject matter), other courts—domestic relations, civil, and criminal—also respond to issues that may arise in child protection matters (e.g., domestic violence). The complexity of child welfare cases may therefore result in CPS becoming involved in these additional forums, or in other specialized forums, such as family treatment courts that respond to families with substance abuse issues. Many cases of child neglect and abuse do not require court intervention. However, for those that do require it to secure legal permanency for the child or to provide for child safety in an emergency, your effectiveness in court will necessitate knowledge of and respect for court jurisdiction, rules, procedures, your role in each of these courts, and problems that may arise with respect to your role.