bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Wearable Motion Monitoring Devices: A Multi-level Attention Fusion Approach for Reliable Fatigue Assessment
Authors: Mu Dinghong , Wang Jian , Li Fenglei , Hu Wujin , Chen Rong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to create a cost-effective, reliable motion monitoring device that can thoroughly analyze a subject's fatigue. It achieves this by combining surface electromyography (sEMG) and accelerometer (ACC) signals using a feature fusion approach. The study introduces a multi-level attention mechanism for classification. This mechanism is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). During preprocessing, a local feature attention mechanism enhances local waveform features using the amplitude envelope. The model employs a dual-scale attention mechanism, which operates at both channel and neuron levels. These multi-level channel and neuron attention mechanisms improve the model's ability to learn from high-dimensional fused data, enhancing feature extraction and generalization. The local feature attention mechanism effectively boosts the model's classification accuracy and convergence, as evidenced by ablation experiments. The model, optimized with multi-level attention mechanisms, excels in accuracy and generalization, particularly in handling data with pseudo-artifacts. Computational analysis shows that the suggested optimization algorithm minimally affects CNN's training and testing times. In the end, the method in this study reaches recognition accuracies of 92.52%, 92.38%, and 92.30% and F1-scores of 91.92%, 92.13%, and 92.29% for the three fatigue states, confirming its reliability. This study offers technical support for the creation of affordable and reliable wearable motion monitoring devices.
The Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of an Individualised Nutritional CAre (INCA) Bundle Versus Standard Care for Adults with Pressure Injuries Receiving Home Nursing Services: a Protocol for a Cluster Randomised, Pragmatic Clinical Trial with an Economic Evaluation.
Authors: Wong Alvin , Lai Precilla , Chong Hui Hsien , Lien Christopher Tsung Chien , Graves Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant healthcare challenge in Singapore among the aging population. These injuries contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Existing research predominantly explores single-component interventions in hospital environments, often yielding limited success. The INCA Trial aims to address this research gap by conducting a comprehensive, cluster-randomized controlled trial that integrates education, individualized nutritional support, and community nursing care. The study is designed to evaluate clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes, focusing on PI wound area reduction and incremental costs associated with the intervention.
Methods: The INCA Trial employs a two-group, non-blinded, cluster-randomized, pragmatic clinical trial design, recruiting 380 adult individuals (age ≥ 21 years) living in the community with stage II, III, IV, and unstageable PI(s), who are receiving home-nursing service in Singapore. Cluster randomization is stratified by postal codes to minimize treatment contamination. The intervention arm will receive an individualized nutrition and nursing care bundle (dietary education with nutritional supplementation), while the control arm will receive standard care. The 90-day intervention will be followed by outcome assessments extending over one year. Primary outcomes include changes in PI wound area and the proportion of participants achieving a ≥ 40% area reduction. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life (HRQOL), nutritional status, and hospitalization rates. Data analysis will be conducted on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis, supplemented by interim analyses for efficacy and futility and pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The primary outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis will be based on the change to total costs compared to the change to health benefits, as measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).
Discussion: The INCA Trial serves as a pioneering effort in its approach to PI management in community settings. The study uniquely emphasizes both clinical and economic outcomes and melds education, intensive dietetic support, and community nursing care for a holistic approach to enhancing PI management.
Trial Registration: The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06078488, 10th October 2023).
ChatGPT performance on scenario-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in medical physiology
Authors: Prabhu Girish , Prabhu Rekha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and objective:
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, natural language processing models like ChatGPT have gained prominence in various educational domains. This study investigated the performance of ChatGPT in answering scenario-based multiple-choice questions (MCQs) within the intricate field of medical physiology.
Materials and methods
A comprehensive dataset of 50 scenario based MCQs covering cardiovascular system, respiratory system, Endocrinology, Renal system, central nervous system topics in medical physiology was compiled. ChatGPT was then tested with these questions, and its responses were evaluated based on accuracy and contextual appropriateness. The first response obtained was taken as the final answer for scoring and analysis. If the correct option was chosen by ChatGPT, 1 mark was awarded, and the wrong option was awarded zero mark.
Results
Out of 50 MCQs in various topics in medical physiology, ChatGPT attempted all the MCQs, and total score obtained is 30/50 (60%) marks. ChatGPT performed most accurately in respiratory system MCQs with 70% (7/10) and least accurately in renal system MCQs 50% (5/10).
Conclusion
ChatGPT attempted the scenario based MCQs and attained a satisfactory score.
A Novel Temporal Mixed-Integer Market Penetration Model for Cost-effective Uptake of Electric Boilers in the UK Chemical Industry
Authors: Patel Devan Nilesh , Matalon Pauline , Oluleye Gbemi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The UK chemical industry is the largest consumer of natural gas for process heating and power generation, with an annual consumption of 26.3 TWh and accounts for 2% of UK’s total emissions. Industrial electrification enables moving away from fossil fuels to electricity for generation of lower carbon process heating. This study aims to accelerate the adoption of electric boilers in the UK's chemical industry, aligning with the UK’s ambitious 2035 industrial decarbonisation goals while considering economic impacts, by designing market-based policy interventions and comparing two adoption patterns. A novel multi-period Mixed-Integer Market Penetration Optimisation Model is developed and applied to inform decisions about transitioning from natural gas to electric boilers. The model is applied to a case study of all the heating systems (490 boilers) in the UK chemical industry from 1 MW to 60 MW boilers. At 100% uptake of electric boilers in 2033, the total carbon emissions reduce by 89%, which is above the 2035 UK industry goal of 60% reduction. Results show that effectively implementing a gas tax, electricity subsidy, annual grant and carbon tax can generate sufficient demand-pull to reduce the cost of electric boilers from 30 to 85% depending on the boiler size. A carbon tax starting at £280 per tCO2e and reducing to £170 per tCO2e coupled with electricity subsidies is essential for this transition. The policies are designed such that a win-win is achieved between government and industry; specifically, revenue from the carbon tax and gas tax is used to support the grant and electricity subsidy thereby achieving cost neutrality for government. The research establishes a robust policy timeline that can drive industrial electrification in the UK's chemical sector. It highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach, incorporating various policy instruments to overcome the barriers of high initial capital costs.
Using an interpretable amino acid-based machine learning method to enhance the diagnosis of major depressive disorder
Authors: Ho Cyrus S. H. , Tan Trevor W. K. , Chan Yee Ling , Tay Gabrielle W. N. , Tang Tong Boon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. It is, however, a condition that is frequently overlooked and inadequately managed, given that its diagnosis relies heavily on subjective methods. At present, there are no established biomarkers that have been validated for the purposes of diagnosing and treating MDD.
Objective
This study sought to assess the diagnostic and predictive potential of the differences in serum amino acid concentration levels between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs), integrating them into interpretable machine learning models.
Methods
70 MDD patients and 70 HCs matched in age, gender and ethnicity were recruited for the study. Serum amino acid profiling was conducted by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 21 metabolites were analysed, with 17 from a preset amino acid panel and the remaining 4 from a preset kynurenine panel. Logistic regression (with and without feature selection and hyperparameter optimization) was applied to differentiate MDD patients from HCs. Findings: The best-performing model utilized both feature selection and hyperparameter optimization, and it yielded a moderate area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) classification value of 0.76 on testing data. The top five metabolites identified by this model as potential biomarkers for MDD were 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, valine, kynurenine, glutamic acid, and xanthurenic acid.
Conclusions and Clinical Implications
Our study highlights the potential of using an interpretable machine learning analysis model based on amino acids to aid and increase the diagnostic accuracy of MDD in clinical practice.
Unravelling the complex causal effects of substance use behaviours on common diseases
Authors: Xue Angli , Zhu Zhihong , Wang Huanwei , Jiang Longda , Visscher Peter M. , Zeng Jian , Yang Jian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Substance use behaviours (SUB) including smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake are associated with many health outcomes. However, whether the health effects of SUB are causal remains controversial, especially for alcohol consumption and coffee intake. In this study, we assess 11 commonly used Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods by simulation and apply them to investigate the causal relationship between 7 SUB traits and health outcomes. Smoking initiation shows widespread risk effects on common diseases such as asthma, type 2 diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease. Alcohol consumption shows risk effects specifically on cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and hypertensive diseases. By integrating stratified regression, genetic correlation, and MR analyses, we find evidence of dosage-dependent effects of coffee and tea intake on common diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis). We observe that the minor allele effect of rs4410790 (the top signal for tea intake level) is negative on heavy tea intake (ƀGWAS = -0.091, s.e. = 0.007, P = 4.90 × 10-35) but positive on moderate tea intake (ƀGWAS = 0.034, s.e. = 0.006, P = 3.40 × 10-8), compared to the non-tea-drinkers. Our study provides novel insights into the complexity of the health effects of SUB and informs design for future analysis to dissect the causal relationship between behavioural traits and complex diseases.
Importance of baseline assessments: monitoring of Brunei River's water quality
Authors: Onifade Oluwakemisola , Shamsuddin Norazanita , Teck Ching Lai Daphne , Jamil Haziq , Gӧdeke Stefan Herwig 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This study illustrated the changes, pollution status, and significant pollution causes for Brunei River, Brunei Darussalam. Eleven parameters (pH, temperature, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, turbidity, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and total coliform) were analyzed from eight monitoring sites in 1984, 2019, 2020, and 2021. Box plots were used for a comparative study between 1984 and 2019+ data, while hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) tests were performed on data from recent years (2019+). The box plot analysis showed that pollution levels in 2019, 2020, and 2021 increased compared to 1984 values, especially for total coliform bacteria. The doubling of the coliform bacteria concentration in the river between 1984 and 2019+ is concerning because the Malaysia National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) guideline values for fishing have now been exceeded. HCA pointed out that upstream stations are more polluted than downstream. PCA of the 11 water quality datasets generated five factors with a total variance of 75.21% and identified anthropogenic activities, seawater intrusion, and hydrological processes as possible causes for Brunei River water quality degradation.
Ecological assessment of a subtropical floodplain wetland of the Ganga basin in the context of changing climate using GIS tools
Authors: Das Ghosh Bandana , Debnath Sanjeet , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Das Basanta Kumar , Puthiyottil Mishal , Johnson Canciyal , Karnatak Gunjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Climate change associated with anthropogenic stressors are considered the main threat to the tropical wetlands, resulting in reduced water connection followed by a decline in ecological functions. This article presents a systemic approach to assess the present ecological status of a tropical floodplain wetland concerning the fisheries and associated ecosystem services. The analysis of historic climatic data indicated significant change (increasing average annual air temperature, R2 = 0.098; decreasing total annual rainfall, R2 = 0.042). In addition, a significant reduction in the wetland area was also observed. Altogether, 45 fish species were reported in the studied wetland, of which 2 are listed as endangered and 7 are near threatened. The present study demonstrated the variation of the important fisheries-related environment and nutrient parameters of the wetland through the geographic information system (GIS)-based spatial distribution map for the reader's digest. It has been found that the provisioning ecosystem services are higher in number (n=9) followed by supporting (n=6), regulating (n=4), and cultural (n=2) ecosystem services. Finally, we have discussed some important case-specific sustainable climate-smart adaptation and mitigation approaches to strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of fishers.
Situational and sustainability assessment of irrigation systems to Nepal from the Koshi Barrage
Authors: Singh Dipesh , Gaudel Prakash , Bagale Dharma Raj 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Koshi Barrage was constructed in the Nepalese territory as per the Kosi Agreement signed between Nepal and India in 1954 and amended in 1966. Two irrigation systems, viz. the Koshi Distributary System and the Koshi Pump Lift Irrigation System, starting off from the Koshi Western Main Canal in India, are irrigating 11,300 and 13,180 ha of land in the Saptari District of Nepal, respectively. The average annual amount of water available in the Koshi Pump System and Koshi Distributary System is found to be 60.28 and 136.97 million cubic meters (MCM), respectively. The existing cropping intensity of these two systems is 170 and 190%, respectively. The sustainability of these irrigation systems was assessed using the Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The Koshi Pump Irrigation System is found to be a Sustained but At-Risk Project, whereas the Koshi Distributary Irrigation System is found to be a Not Sustained Project. Furthermore, the study concluded that these irrigation systems have low crop productivity and the conditions of the existing infrastructures are poor.
A Critical Overview about Cosmetic Labeling Claims
Authors: da Silva Gabriela Amanda Brignoli , Massufero Vergilio Mariane , Monteiro e Silva Silas Arandas , Rosado Catarina , Bagatin Ediléia , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: October 2023

Background::
In several countries, still there is no standardized regulation on the use of
claims. However, there are some guideline materials and content that are used by regulatory agencies.

Objective::
The goal of this manuscript is to provide an approach to the understanding of the thematic
of cosmetic claims to dermatologists and general practice physicians. The objective is to discuss the
definition, regulatory framework and tips to help them on how to use this knowledge to guarantee
an assertive indication.

Results::
Knowing the appropriate tests for the substantiation of claims allows the physician to indicate
the most appropriate dermocosmetic for the skin condition of each patient.

Conclusion::
For a more critical and assertive indication or suggestion, it is recommended that the
physician observe the product packaging and know how to understand and interpret the terms on
the product label.
Application of Drug Repurposing Approach for Therapeutic Intervention
of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bhat Mohammad Aadil , Usman Iqra , Dhaneshwar Suneela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative
colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characterized by
chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation, abdominal pain, cramping, loss of appetite, fatigue, diarrhoea,
and weight loss. Although the etiology of IBD remains unclear, it is believed to be an interaction
between genes, and environmental factors, such as an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota,
changing food habits, an ultra-hygiene environment, and an inappropriate immune system. The development
of novel effective therapies is stymied by a lack of understanding of the aetiology of
IBD. The current therapy involves the use of aminosalicylates, immunosuppressants, and corticosteroids
that can effectively manage symptoms, induce and sustain remission, prevent complications,
modify the course of the disease, provide diverse treatment options, showcase advancements
in biologic therapies, and enhance the overall quality of life. However, the efficacy of current therapy
is overshadowed by a plethora of adverse effects, such as loss of weight, mood swings, skin issues,
loss of bone density, higher vulnerability to infections, and elevated blood pressure. Biologicals,
like anti-tumour necrosis factor agents, can stimulate an autoimmune response in certain individuals
that may diminish the effectiveness of the medication over time, necessitating a switch to
alternative treatments. The response of IBD patients to current drug therapy is quite varied, which
can lead to disease flares that underlines the urgent need to explore alternative treatment option to
address the unmet need of developing new treatment strategies for IBD with high efficacy and fewer
adverse effects. Drug repurposing is a novel strategy where existing drugs that have already been
validated safe in patients for the management of certain diseases are redeployed to treat other, unindicated
diseases. The present narrative review focuses on potential drug candidates that could be repurposed
for the management of IBD using on-target and off-target strategies. It covers their preclinical,
clinical assessment, mechanism of action, and safety profiles, and forecasts their appropriateness
in the management of IBD. The review presents useful insights into the most promising
candidates for repurposing, like anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic troxerutin, which has been
found to improve the DSS-induced colitis in rats, an antiosteoarthritic drug diacetylrhein that has
been found to have remarkable ameliorating effects on DSS-induced colitis via anti-oxidant and anti-
inflammatory properties and by influencing both apoptosis and pyroptosis. Topiramate, an antiepileptic
and anticonvulsant drug, has remarkably decreased overall pathophysiological and histopathological
events in the experimental model of IBD in rodents by its cytokine inhibitory action.
Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis and leptospirosis in swine from rural communities of Argentina
Authors: Silva Julia , Scialfa Exequiel Alejandro , Gutiérrez Silvina Elena , Tisnés Adela , Rodríguez Marcelo Gastón , Estein Silvia Marcela , Rivero Mariana Alejandra 
Published: October 2023

Objectives. To determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in pigs reared on small-scale farms in rural areas of the district of Tandil, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; to analyse the associated risk factors; to describe the prevalent Leptospira spp. serogroups; and to determine the spatial distribution of both diseases. Materials and methods. A total of 340 serum samples were obtained. Buffer Plate Agglutination Test, Rose Bengal Test, and Fluorescence Polarisation Assay were used to detect antibodies against Brucella spp. Microscopic Agglutination Test was applied for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the factors associated with the infections. Results. Seroprevalence of 0% and 22.6% was observed for brucellosis and leptospirosis, respectively. The most prevalent Leptospira serogroups identified were Canicola, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. The main risk factors associated with leptospirosis infection were farms with a higher number of pigs and the presence of horses and wild boars near or within the farms. The use of milling by-products of cereal grains as animal feed and the presence of weaning cages were also associated. A relevant spatial cluster of seropositivity to Leptospira spp. was identified in a low-altitude area. Conclusions. Our results suggest that brucellosis is probably controlled, but Leptospira spp. are present in the farming systems under study. Knowledge of brucellosis and leptospirosis seroprevalence, spatial distribution and associated risk factors can be useful for the prevention and control of endemic zoonotic diseases in the region.
Experience with Non-GAAP Earnings and Investors’ Pricing of Exclusions
Authors: McVay Sarah E. , Rodriguez-Vazquez Edgar A. , Toynbee Sara M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Although the increase in non-GAAP earnings metrics has drawn unfavorable attention from regulators and standard setters, it can provide valuable experience for investors. We investigate whether experience with non-GAAP earnings metrics influences investors’ pricing of non-GAAP exclusions. We measure experience as the frequency with which managers or analysts provide non-GAAP earnings over the prior eight quarters and find that experience aids in the pricing of non-GAAP exclusions. Absent prior experience with non-GAAP earnings metrics, investors appear to overestimate the persistence of exclusions at the earnings announcement, which corrects in the following months. Cross-sectional tests suggest that experience facilitates investors’ pricing of non-GAAP exclusions by reducing their information processing costs.
JEL Classifications: M40.