bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate on a host–hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range
Authors: Ayalew Biruk , Hylander Kristoffer , Adugna Girma , Zewdie Beyene , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Natural enemies of plant pathogens might play an important role in controlling plant disease levels in natural and agricultural systems. Yet, plant pathogen–natural enemy interactions might be sensitive to climatic changes. Understanding the relationship between climate, plant pathogens and their natural enemies is thus important for developing climate‐resilient, sustainable agriculture.

To this aim, we recorded shade cover, daily minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite at 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia during the dry and wet season for 2 years.

Coffee leaf rust severity was positively related to the maximum temperature. Hyperparasite severity was higher when the minimum temperature was low (i.e. in places with cold night temperatures). While canopy cover did not have a direct effect on rust severity, it reduced rust severity indirectly by lowering the maximum temperature. Canopy cover had a direct positive effect on the hyperparasite severity during one surveying period.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight that coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite are both affected by shade cover and temperature, but in different ways. On the one hand, these niche differences lead to the worrying prediction that levels of coffee leaf rust will increase, and its hyperparasite will decrease, with climate change. On the other hand, these niche differences between coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite provide opportunities to develop strategies to manage the environment (such as shade cover and microclimate) in such a way that the rust is disfavoured and the hyperparasite is favoured.
Increased pressure lowered trust among unvaccinated during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Effects of the announcement of reintroducing vaccination passports in Denmark
Authors: JØRGENSEN FREDERIK , BOR ALEXANDER , PETERSEN MICHAEL BANG 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the imposition of moralistically justified costs on unvaccinated individuals was used to incentivize vaccination uptake. Here, we ask whether such a strategy creates adverse consequences in the form of lowered trust in the pandemic response among unvaccinated individuals, which could jeopardize their compliance with the broader set of health interventions. As our empirical case, we use a press conference held by the Danish government on 8 November 2021, where COVID‐19‐vaccination passports were reintroduced, in part, to pressure unvaccinated people to take up the vaccine. We analyse the effects of the press conference using daily, nationally representative survey data (total N = 24,934) employing a difference‐in‐differences design. We demonstrate that the press conference decreased the trust in the pandemic management by 11 percentage points among unvaccinated individuals, while trust remained high among vaccinated individuals. Moralistic cost imposition also reduced collective action motivation and coping appraisal among unvaccinated individuals, and, while it increased societal threat appraisal among vaccinated people, it failed to do so among unvaccinated individuals. Our findings imply that decision‐makers using moralized cost imposition as a health intervention should be aware of its potential unintended adverse consequences.
Neuropeptide ACP is required for fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts
Authors: Hou Li , Guo Siyuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Shaoye , Wang Xianhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFat body metabolism plays crucial roles in each aspect of insect life traits. Although neuropeptides have been documented to be one of the major neuroendocrinal regulators involved in fat body metabolism, the detailed regulatory mechanism is poorly explored. Here, we conducted comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of fat body between wide type (WT) and adipokinetic hormone/corazonin‐related peptide (ACP) loss of function mutants of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We found that knockout of ACP resulted in significantly reduced fat body triacylglycerol content but enhanced abundance of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Additionally, the expression levels of genes involved in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis and degradation were significantly altered in the fat body of ACP mutants. Moreover, female ACP mutants displayed much higher fecundity compared to WT females. These findings highlight the important role of neuropeptide ACP in fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts.
Paleomicrobiology: Tracking the past microbial life from single species to entire microbial communities
Authors: Grasso Gianluca , Bianciotto Valeria , Marmeisse Roland 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBy deciphering information encoded in degraded ancient DNA extracted from up to million‐years‐old samples, molecular paleomicrobiology enables to objectively retrace the temporal evolution of microbial species and communities. Assembly of full‐length genomes of ancient pathogen lineages allows not only to follow historical epidemics in space and time but also to identify the acquisition of genetic features that represent landmarks in the evolution of the host–microbe interaction. Analysis of microbial community DNA extracted from essentially human paleo‐artefacts (paleofeces, dental calculi) evaluates the relative contribution of diet, lifestyle and geography on the taxonomic and functional diversity of these guilds in which have been identified species that may have gone extinct in today's human microbiome. As for non‐host‐associated environmental samples, such as stratified sediment cores, analysis of their DNA illustrates how and at which pace microbial communities are affected by local or widespread environmental disturbance. Description of pre‐disturbance microbial diversity patterns can aid in evaluating the relevance and effectiveness of remediation policies. We finally discuss how recent achievements in paleomicrobiology could contribute to microbial biotechnology in the fields of medical microbiology and food science to trace the domestication of microorganisms used in food processing or to illustrate the historic evolution of food processing microbial consortia.
What are the signals that control catabolite repression in Pseudomonas?
Authors: Moreno Renata , Rojo Fernando 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetabolically versatile bacteria exhibit a global regulatory response known as carbon catabolite repression (CCR), which prioritizes some carbon sources over others when all are present in sufficient amounts. This optimizes growth by distributing metabolite fluxes, but can restrict yields in biotechnological applications. The molecular mechanisms and preferred substrates for CCR vary between bacterial groups. Escherichia coli prioritizes glucose whereas Pseudomonas sp. prefer certain organic acids or amino acids. A significant issue in understanding (and potentially bypassing) CCR is the lack of information about the signals that trigger this regulatory response. In E. coli, several key compounds act as flux sensors, governing the flow of metabolites through catabolic pathways and preventing imbalances. These flux sensors can also modulate the CCR response. It has been suggested that the order of substrate preference is determined by carbon uptake flux rather than substrate identity. For Pseudomonas, much less information is available, as the signals that induce CCR are poorly understood. This article briefly discusses the available evidence on the signals that trigger CCR and the questions that remain to be answered in Pseudomonas.
A new index to estimate ecological generalisation in consumer‐resource interactions
Authors: Montoya‐Bustamante Sebastián , Dormann Carsten F. , Krasnov Boris R. , Mello Marco A. R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Generalisation and specialisation in species‐species interactions are key ecological concepts for interpreting the different interaction patterns observed in nature. Hence, finding the best way to operationalise them has been a major quest in Ecology. This quest has led to considerable conceptual development, and now the observed interaction pattern of a species is assumed to be a combination of three factors: its degree of generalisation, abundance‐driven neutral effects, and sampling effects. Here, we aimed to assess the influence of these factors on the performance of previously proposed indices of generalisation.

To do so, we used simulated data that allowed us to separate and analyse independently the influence of each factor.

Our assessment shows that the estimates made by most traditional indices are affected by differences in resource abundance distribution, leading to over‐ or underestimation of how generalised a consumer is. To solve this problem, we propose a new index that remains unaffected by neutral effects and is robust to sampling effects.

Our new index may help to understand what interacting species require to keep viable populations and how they might respond to changes in resource availability.
Senolytic treatment alleviates doxorubicin‐induced chemobrain
Authors: Budamagunta Vivekananda , Kumar Ashok , Rani Asha , Manohar Sindhu Sahana , Yang Yang , Zhou Daohong , Foster Thomas C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox), a widely used treatment for cancer, can result in chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairments (chemobrain). Chemobrain is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress similar to aging. As such, Dox treatment has also been used as a model of aging. However, it is unclear if Dox induces brain changes similar to that observed during aging since Dox does not readily enter the brain. Rather, the mechanism for chemobrain likely involves the induction of peripheral cellular senescence and the release of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors and these SASP factors can enter the brain to disrupt cognition. We examined the effect of Dox on peripheral and brain markers of aging and cognition. In addition, we employed the senolytic, ABT‐263, which also has limited access to the brain. The results indicate that plasma SASP factors enter the brain, activating microglia, increasing oxidative stress, and altering gene transcription. In turn, the synaptic function required for memory was reduced in response to altered redox signaling. ABT‐263 prevented or limited most of the Dox‐induced effects. The results emphasize a link between cognitive decline and the release of SASP factors from peripheral senescent cells and indicate some differences as well as similarities between advanced age and Dox treatment.
Neural correlates of drinking reduction during a clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Naqvi Nasir H. , Srivastava A. Benjamin , Sanchez‐Peña Juan , Lee Jessica K. , Drysdale Andrew T. , Mariani John J. , Ochsner Kevin N. , Morgenstern Jon , Patel Gaurav H. , Levin Frances R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region implicated in cognitive control and goal‐directed behavior, plays a role in behavior change during CBT by facilitating the regulation of craving (ROC).MethodsTreatment‐seeking participants with AUD (N = 22) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning both before and after a 12‐week, single‐arm trial of CBT, using an ROC task that was previously shown to engage the DLPFC.ResultsWe found that both the percentage of heavy drinking days (PHDD) and the overall self‐reported alcohol craving measured during the ROC task were significantly reduced from pre‐ to post‐CBT. However, we did not find significant changes over time in either the ability to regulate craving or regulation‐related activity in any brain region. We found a significant 3‐way interaction between the effects of cue‐induced craving, cue‐induced brain activity and timepoint of assessment (pre‐ or post‐CBT) on PHDD in the left DLPFC. Follow‐up analysis showed that cue‐induced craving was associated with cue‐induced activity in the left DLPFC among participants who ceased heavy drinking during CBT, both at pre‐CBT and post‐CBT timepoints. No such associations were present at either timepoint among participants who continued to drink heavily.ConclusionsThese results suggest that patients in whom DLPFC functioning is more strongly related to cue‐induced craving may preferentially respond to CBT.
Effects of liberalising visiting policy and staff education on parental visiting duration in the neonatal unit
Authors: Schuler Rahel , Frodermann Tina , Waitz Markus , Hahn Andreas , Ehrhardt Harald , Neubauer Bernd A. , Mihatsch Walter A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe effect of different neonatal unit access hour policies on parental visiting duration is unknown. Therefore, we analysed the effects of access hours policies and parental education on parental visiting duration.MethodThis prospective longitudinal cohort study was carried out in a level III neonatal unit from October 2020 to May 2022. Three cohorts were compared. The baseline cohort included 51 preterm infants with restricted visiting hours (October 2020 to May 2021). Cohort 1 comprised 35 preterm infants after liberalisation of visiting hours (June 2021 to November 2021). Cohort 2 consisted of 26 preterm infants after an educational program was implemented (December 2021 to May 2022). The primary outcome was the mean daily parental visiting duration.ResultsMean maternal visiting duration was 172 (standard deviation, SD ± 49.2), 195 (SD ± 64.4.), and 258 (SD ± 71.1) minutes/day at baseline and in cohorts 1 and 2 (significant increase from baseline and cohort 1 to cohort 2, p < 0.001). Mean paternal visiting duration did not change significantly across the cohorts: 133 (SD ± 47.2), 135 (SD ± 83.5), and 165 (SD ± 71.3) minutes/day.ConclusionLiberalisation of access hours did not increase parental visiting duration. Parental and staff education significantly increased maternal but not paternal visiting duration.
Therapy with hypomethlyating agents/venetoclax in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia requiring admission to the intensive care unit: Possible reduction in side effects with preserved efficacy
Authors: Fiedler Walter 
Published: January 2024

Patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia and severe acute complications, such as respiratory failure or sepsis, suffer from a high mortality rate when induction chemotherapy is delivered in an ICU setting. The report by Liang et al. implies that less intensive therapy with hypomethylating agents/venetoclax results in a lower mortality and morbidity rate whereby preserving efficacy in this patient group.Commentary on: Liang et al. Venetoclax and hypomethylating agents in critically ill patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1219‐1226.
An investigation of computer‐game addiction, physical activity level, quality of life and sleep of children with a sibling with a chronic condition
Authors: Bezgin Sabiha , Özkaya Yunus , Akbaş Yılmaz , Elbasan Bülent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that chronic condition also affects siblings without chronic illness. Healthy siblings of children with a chronic condition and aged 9–14 years and healthy children with a sibling without chronic illness and their parents were included in the study.AimThe aim of our study was to examine the internet‐game addiction, physical activity, quality of life and sleep in children with a sibling with chronic condition and compare them with their peers with a healthy sibling.MethodsComputer game addiction, physical activity, sleep quality and quality of life were evaluated respectively by Computer Game Addiction Scale for Children, Child Physical Activity Questionnaire, Children's Sleep Disorder Scale and Children's Quality of Life Scale.ResultsWhile the mean age of 75 children with chronically ill siblings was 10.65 ± 1.59 years, the mean age of 75 healthy children with healthy siblings was 10.46 ± 2.09 years. It was observed that children with a sibling with a chronic condition were more tend to computer‐game addiction, had lower sleep quality, lower quality of life in terms of school functionality and psychosocial health compared to children with a healthy sibling (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt was revealed that in families with children with a chronic condition, siblings with no health problems should also be evaluated in psychosocial terms and supported by appropriate approaches, such as to increase the level of physical activity.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound is a useful adjunct tool to a clinician's assessment in the evaluation of severe hyponatraemia
Authors: Rahman Latif R. , Melson Eka , Alousi Salam Al , Sardar Muhammad , Levy Miles J. , Shafiq Shahriar , Rahman Faizanur , Coats Tim , Reddy Narendra L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionHyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in inpatients resulting mainly from an imbalance in water homeostasis. Intravascular fluid status assessment is pivotal but is often challenging given multimorbidity, polypharmacy and diuretics use. We evaluated the utility of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) as an adjunct tool to standard practice for fluid assessment in severe hyponatraemia patients.MethodsPatients presenting with severe hyponatremia (Serum Sodium [Na] < 120 mmol/L; Normal range: 135−145 mol/L), managed by standard care were included. Hyponatraemia biochemistry work‐up and POCUS examination were undertaken. Both clinician and POCUS independently assigned one of the three fluid status groups of hypovolaemia, hypervolaemia or euvolaemia. The final diagnosis of three fluid status groups at admission was made at the time of discharge by retrospective case review. Clinician's (standard of care) and POCUS fluid assessments were compared to that of the final diagnosis at the time of discharge.Resultsn = 19 patients were included. Median Na on admission was 113 mmol/L (109‐116), improved to 129 ± 3 mmol/L on discharge. POCUS showed the higher degree of agreement with the final diagnosis (84%; n = 16/19), followed by the clinician (63%; n = 12/19). A trend towards higher accuracy of POCUS compared to clinician assessment of fluid status was noted (84% vs. 63%, p = 0.1611). Biochemistry was unreliable in 58% (n = 11/19) likely due to renal failure, polypharmacy or diuretic use. Inappropriate emergency fluid management was undertaken in 37% (n = 7/19) of cases based on initial clinician assessment. Thirst symptom correlated to hypovolaemia in 80% (4/5) cases.ConclusionAs subjective clinical and biochemistry assessments of fluid status are often unreliable due to co‐morbidities and concurrent use of medications, POCUS can be a rapid objective diagnostic tool to assess fluid status in patients with severe hyponatraemia, to guide accurate emergency fluid management.
Prefabricated CAD‐CAM scaffolds for management of oro‐antral communication: A case report and histological analysis
Authors: Helal Mohamed H. , Ali Ahmed N. , Ghoraba Sahar F. , Aboushelib Moustafa N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionOro‐control communication is one of the complications associated with dental extraction and oral surgeries. This case report presents a minimally invasive surgical approach for bone regeneration at the site of oro‐antral communication utilizing a prefabricated computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) allogenic bone block.MethodsA 20‐year‐old healthy female, nonsmoker, with a badly destructed upper right first molar was referred for dental implant placement after extraction. Cone beam computerized tomography images revealed the presence of a large bone defect associated with oro‐antral communication with the maxillary sinus and insufficient bone for dental implant placement. A prefabricated CAD‐CAM allogenic bone scaffold was fabricated. After surgical exposure, the scaffold was secured in place and covered with a non‐resorbable membrane. A dental implant was placed after 5 months, and a trephining biopsy was processed for histological evaluation.ResultsClosure of the oro‐antral communication was clinically observed. The average width of the alveolar bone was 12 mm, and the average height was 11 mm. Histological analysis at 5‐month intervals showed thin newly formed bone trabeculae encircling remnants of graft material surrounded by osteoid tissue. The newly formed bone percentages were 32 ± 18% and 28 ± 17% volume remained after the biodegradation of the scaffold. Specific immune‐histochemical staining by anti‐vascular epithelial growth factor expression index value was 32.06%.ConclusionsA prefabricated CAD‐CAM scaffold was successfully used to seal a large oro‐antral communication and regenerate sufficient bone to place a dental implant.
JAK2V617F drives gut microbiota differences in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Eickhardt‐Dalbøge Christina Schjellerup , Nielsen Henrik V. , Fuursted Kurt , Stensvold Christen Rune , Andersen Lee O' Brien , Lilje Berit , Larsen Morten Kranker , Kjær Lasse , Christensen Sarah Friis , Knudsen Trine Alma , Skov Vibe , Sørensen Anders Lindholm , Ellervik Christina , Olsen Lars Rønn , Christensen Jens Jørgen Elmer , Nielsen Xiaohui Chen , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Ingham Anna Cäcilia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundEssential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (MF) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Inflammation is involved in the initiation, progression, and symptomology of the diseases. The gut microbiota impacts the immune system, infection control, and steady‐state hematopoiesis.MethodsWe analyzed the gut microbiota of 227 MPN patients and healthy controls (HCs) using next‐generation sequencing. We expanded our previous results in PV and ET patients with additional PV, pre‐MF, and MF patients which allowed us to compare MPN patients collectively, MPN sub‐diagnoses, and MPN mutations (separately and combined) vs. HCs (N = 42) and compare within MPN sub‐diagnoses and MPN mutation.ResultsMPN patients had a higher observed richness (median, 245 [range, 49–659]) compared with HCs (191.5 [range, 111–300; p = .003]) and a lower relative abundance of taxa within the Firmicutes phylum; for example, Faecalibacterium (6% vs. 14%, p < .001). The microbiota of CALR‐positive patients (N = 30) resembled that of HCs more than that of patients with JAK2V617F (N = 177). In JAK2V617F‐positive patients, only minor differences in the gut microbiota were observed between MPN sub‐diagnoses, illustrating the importance of this mutation.ConclusionThe gut microbiota in MPN patients differs from HCs and is driven by JAK2V617F, whereas the gut microbiota in CALR patients resembles HCs more.