bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle Quality in Relation to Prediabetes Phenotypes: A Population-Based Study With Mediation Analysis
Authors: Qiu Shanhu , Cai Xue , Zhou Xiaoying , Xu Jinshui , Sun Zilin , Guo Haijian , Wu Tongzhi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of physical disability, yet no studies have assessed the extent to which muscle quality, a measure reflecting muscle functionality, was altered in prediabetes and its specific phenotype.

Objective
We evaluated their associations in a general US population with mediation analysis.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Participants with prediabetes were stratified as having an isolated defect (impaired fasting glucose [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], or impaired hemoglobin A1c [IA1c]), 2 defects (IFG + IGT, IFG + IA1c, or IGT + IA1c), or all defects (IFG + IGT + IA1c). Muscle quality was calculated as dominant grip strength divided by dominant arm muscle mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results
We included 2351 participants (938 with prediabetes and 1413 with normoglycemia). Despite higher grip strength and larger arm muscle mass, arm muscle quality was lower in prediabetes and all prediabetes phenotypes (except for IGT) than normoglycemia (all P &lt; .04), and was unrelated to prediabetes awareness. Arm muscle quality was decreased and the odds of low arm muscle quality was increased in prediabetes with increasing numbers of glucometabolic defects (both P &lt; .001), with insulin resistance being the predominant mediator. HbA1c-defined prediabetes (IA1c) had lower arm muscle quality and higher odds of low arm muscle quality than blood glucose–defined prediabetes (IFG, IGT, or IFG + IGT).

Conclusion
Muscle quality was impaired in prediabetes and its specific phenotype. Relative to blood glucose, elevated HbA1c might be a better predictor of reduced muscle quality.
In Situ Spatial Reconstruction of Distinct Normal and Pathological Cell Populations Within the Human Adrenal Gland
Authors: Fu Rui , Walters Kathryn , Kaufman Michael L , Koc Katrina , Baldwin Amber , Clay Michael R , Basham Kaitlin J , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Fishbein Lauren , Mukherjee Neelanjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The human adrenal gland consists of concentrically organized, functionally distinct regions responsible for hormone production. Dysregulation of adrenocortical cell differentiation alters the proportion and organization of the functional zones of the adrenal cortex leading to disease. Current models of adrenocortical cell differentiation are based on mouse studies, but there are known organizational and functional differences between human and mouse adrenal glands. This study aimed to investigate the centripetal differentiation model in the human adrenal cortex and characterize aldosterone-producing micronodules (APMs) to better understand adrenal diseases such as primary aldosteronism. We applied spatially resolved in situ transcriptomics to human adrenal tissue sections from 2 individuals and identified distinct cell populations and their positional relationships. The results supported the centripetal differentiation model in humans, with cells progressing from the outer capsule to the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. Additionally, we characterized 2 APMs in a 72-year-old woman. Comparison with earlier APM transcriptomes indicated a subset of core genes, but also heterogeneity between APMs. The findings contribute to our understanding of normal and pathological cellular differentiation in the human adrenal cortex.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Antithyroid Drug–Related Liver Injury
Authors: Khan Adeel Ahmad , Ata Fateen , Aziz Afia , Elamin Hana , Shahzad Aamir , Yousaf Zohaib , Donato Anthony 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are the cornerstone of hyperthyroidism management. Hepatotoxicity due to ATDs can range from mild transaminase elevation to liver transplantation requirement and mortality.

Objective
The primary objective of the systematic review was to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with drug induced liver injury (DILI) due to ATDs.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE on characteristics and outcomes of adults (&gt;18 years) with DILI due to ATDs. We defined DILI as bilirubin ≥2.5 mg/dL or international normalized ratio &gt;1.5 with any rise in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or an elevation of ALT or AST &gt;5 times or ALP &gt;2 times the upper limit of normal without jaundice/coagulopathy.

Results
The review included 100 articles describing 271 patients; 148 (70.8%) were female (N = 209). Mean age was 42.9 ± 17.2 years. Graves’ disease was the most common indication for ATDs. Carbimazole/methimazole (CBM/MMI) was the most common offending agent (55.7%). DILI pattern was hepatocellular in 41.8%, cholestatic in 41.3%, and mixed in 16.9%. Outcomes included death in 11.8%, liver transplantation in 6.4%, partial improvement in 2.2%, and complete resolution in 79.6% with a median time (IQR) to resolution of 45 (20-90) days. Patients in the propylthiouracil (PTU) group had higher initial bilirubin, initial AST, initial ALT, peak ALT, peak AST, severe and fatal DILI, liver transplantation, and mortality than CBM/MMI. Rechallenge of antithyroid medication was infrequently reported (n = 16) but was successful in 75%.

Conclusion
DILI due to ATDs can present with different patterns and should prompt immediate drug discontinuation. Referral to a hepatologist should be considered if severe as transplantation is sometimes required. PTU-induced DILI may have worse outcomes than CBM/MMI.
Firearm-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Reyes Gabriel , Gadot Ron , Ouellette Lara , Nouri Shervin H. , Gopinath Shankar P. , Patel Akash J. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Firearm-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a significant public health issue in the United States, coinciding with a rapid increase in gun-related deaths. This scoping review aims to update our understanding of firearm-related TBI in adult populations.

METHODS:
A comprehensive search of 6 online databases yielded 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies predominantly focused on young adult men who were victims of assault, although other vulnerable populations were also affected.

RESULTS:
Key factors in evaluating patients with firearm-related TBI included low Glasgow Coma Scale scores, central nervous system involvement, hypotension, and coagulopathies at presentation. Poor outcomes in firearm-related TBIs were influenced by various factors, including the location and trajectory of the gunshot wound, hypercoagulability, hemodynamic instability, insurance status, and specific clinical findings at hospital admission.

CONCLUSION:
Proposed interventions aimed to reduce the incidence and mortality of penetrating TBIs, including medical interventions such as coagulopathy reversal and changes to prehospital stabilization procedures. However, further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these interventions. The findings of this scoping review hope to inform future policy research, advocacy efforts, and the training of neurosurgeons and other treating clinicians in the management of firearm-related TBI.
ROMANTICISM AND REMEMBERING
Authors: Bowdler Roger 
Published: October 2023

This article looks at the celebrated poem Elegy in a CountryChurchyard (1751) by Thomas Gray, and links it to the place of itsinspiration, Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire. The development ofEnglish churchyard memorials is considered, followed by a briefdiscussion of the Graveyard School of poetry, which consideredthemes of mortality and melancholy set in the context of burialgrounds. This formed a strand of proto-romanticism and wasinfluential across Europe. The poem is then analysed in terms of itsdiscussion of rural approaches to death and remembrance. A surveyof mid-18th century churchyard memorials at Stoke Poges is thenprovided, and their imagery discussed: most of these post-date thepublication of the poem. Thomas Gray died in 1771 and was buriedin the tomb of his mother and aunt. He subsequently received amemorial in Westminster Abbey. A later owner of Stoke Park, themanor house of the estate, John Penn, was eager to commemoratethe poet. He commissioned the celebrated architect James Wyatt todesign a memorial which would be visible from the main house.This was erected in 1799, and consisted of a sarcophagus raised on
a tall base, the sides of which were inscribed with extracts fromthe Elegy. This was a highly unusual form of parkland memorialcelebrating a poet and his best-known work, which has subsequentlybecome one of the best-known verses in the English language.There is irony in that the poem is a discussion of rural humilityand yet was celebrated through an imposing monument, raisedby an extremely wealthy owner as a feature in his private park.
Hide-and-Seek Game with Capacitated Locations and Imperfect Detection
Authors: Bahamondes Bastián , Dahan Mathieu 
Published: October 2023

We consider a variant of the hide-and-seek game in which a seeker inspects multiple hiding locations to find multiple items hidden by a hider. Each hiding location has a maximum hiding capacity and a probability of detecting its hidden items when an inspection by the seeker takes place. The objective of the seeker (respectively, hider) is to minimize (respectively, maximize) the expected number of undetected items. This model is motivated by strategic inspection problems, where a security agency is tasked with coordinating multiple inspection resources to detect and seize illegal commodities hidden by a criminal organization. To solve this large-scale zero-sum game, we leverage its structure and show that its mixed-strategy Nash equilibria can be characterized using their unidimensional marginal distributions, which are pure equilibria of a lower dimensional continuous zero-sum game. This leads to a two-step approach for efficiently solving our hide-and-seek game: First, we analytically solve the continuous game and derive closed-form expressions of the equilibrium marginal distributions. Second, we design a combinatorial algorithm to coordinate the players’ resources and compute equilibrium mixed strategies that satisfy the marginal distributions. We show that this solution approach computes a Nash equilibrium of the hide-and-seek game in quadratic time with linear support. Our analysis reveals novel equilibrium behaviors driven by a complex interplay between the game parameters, captured by our closed-form solutions. Funding: This work was supported by the Georgia Tech Stewart Fellowship and the Georgia Tech New Faculty Start Up Grant. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2023.0012 .
Exploring collaboration in the implementation of a national assessment strategy: perspectives of advanced practice educators
Authors: Macarthur Vicky , Clarkson Melanie 
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite an increasingly competitive market, collaboration on course design between higher education institutes (HEIs) is still relatively under-researched, particularly in the UK. With the implementation of advanced clinical practice apprenticeships, this study focused on a series of workshops facilitated by the Association of Advanced Practice Educators UK (AAPEUK). These workshops aimed to ensure that faculty staff of HEIs, who were intending to deliver the advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) apprenticeship end-point assessments (EPAs), were informed and provisions met the requirements of the EPA assessment plan. Method: This study used a mixed methodology to explore perceptions of the UK's collaborative community of practice, which has been developed in relation to a national assessment strategy, the ACP Apprenticeship EPA ( Institute for Apprentices and Technical Education 2018 ). The survey used open and closed questions, and data and results were analysed separately. The participants of this study were all members of the End Point Assessment Organisation Network (EPAO). Results: The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from 16 participants to understand their experiences in the EPAO Network. The thematic analysis of the data resulted in three key themes: collaboration, support, and quality and consistency. Discussion: The respondents found creating an environment where sharing experiences in an honest, open and generous group, and supporting each other, were valued. Such measures drove professional growth and empowered educators in the implementation of the ACP EPA. Conclusion: The study's findings demonstrated the benefits of learning communities working as a community of practice, and the positive impact that collaboration had on individuals and faculties in higher education settings.
Atopic dermatitis and cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Qi , Yang Dejiang , Xiong Chongyu , Li Xinming 
Published: October 2023

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects adults worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that AD may be associated with cognitive dysfunction, but the results of individual studies have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between AD and cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
To find relevant research, a comprehensive search of electronic databases from the beginning to March 2023 was carried out. Data were taken from studies that were eligible, and a meta-analysis was done to determine the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
We searched three databases and found a total of 15 studied arms included in 5 cohort studies with over 8.5 million participants were included in the analysis. The results showed that individuals with AD had a higher risk of developing dementia of all-cause dementia (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23,P<0.001) and the Alzheimer type (pooled HR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01–1.63,P<0.001) but not vascular dementia (pooled HR = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.99–2.04,P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between atopic dermatitis and all-cause dementia was significant in Europe (P = 0.004) but not in Asia (P = 0.173) and was significant in prospective cohort studies (P<0.001) but not in non-prospective cohort studies (P = 0.068). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias detection confirmed the reliability of the overall findings.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrated that AD was associated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, particularly dementia of the Alzheimer type and all-cause dementia, in middle-aged and older participants. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this association and its potential implications for clinical practice.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42023411627).
Decreasing trend of blood lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: Not a promising change in HDL-C, a serial cross-sectional study
Authors: Yadegar Amirhossein , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Rabizadeh Soghra , Meysamie Alipasha , Nabipoorashrafi Seyed Ali , Seyedi Seyed Arsalan , Esteghamati Alireza , Nakhjavani Manouchehr 
Published: October 2023

Background
The prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported to be relatively high. The current study aimed to investigate the trend of serum lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with T2D.

Methods
Data were extracted from a cohort of patients with T2D who had regular follow-ups every year for three years. TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were analyzed. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated using log (TG/HDL-C).

Results
A total of 747 patients with T2D were included in this study, consisting of 469 (62.8%) women and 278 (37.2%) men. There was a significant downward trend in mean TG, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and AIP levels. The trend of mean HDL-C levels showed no significant change. The prevalence of high TG, high TC, high LDL-C, and high non-HDL-C significantly decreased from the first to the last visit. There was no significant change in the trend of prevalence of low HDL-C. The prevalence of high AIP significantly decreased in women and showed no significant changes in men.

Conclusions
A decreasing trend was observed in the mean levels and prevalence of TG, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and AIP. HDL-C did not change significantly. The success rate in achieving a complete normal lipid profile during follow-up years was not promising and continues to be challenging.
The French New Wave: Critical Landmarks (new expanded edition), Peter Graham and Ginette Vincendeau, eds. (2022)
Authors: Tian Yue 
Published: October 2023

Review of: The French New Wave: Critical Landmarks (new expanded edition), Peter Graham and Ginette Vincendeau, eds. (2022)
New York: Bloomsbury Academic on behalf of the British Film Institute, 306pp., ISBN: 9781839022302 (hbk), $95.00
Anomalias do teor de nitrato na água do Sistema Aquífero Bauru em Catanduva – SP
Authors: Perroni Julio Cesar Arantes , Campos Heraldo Cavalheiro Navajas Sampaio 
Published: October 2023

A cidade de Catanduva está localizada na região centro-norte paulista sobre depósitos sedimentares cretáceos do Grupo Bauru. O estudo hidrogeológico detalhado contratado pela concessionária municipal de saneamento SAEC – Superintendência de Água e Esgoto de Catanduva avaliou os dados de 69 poços tubulares que captam o Sistema Aquífero Bauru/Serra Geral. Os registros de dados de análises de água do sistema de abastecimento apresentam em alguns poços teores anômalos de nitrato. O presente artigo apresenta o diagnóstico desses teores anômalos de nitrato, obtido por meio perfilagens óticas e raios gama. E análises físico-químicas completas realizadas em 21 poços, que indicaram provável origem por contaminação da água do aquífero freático com esgoto sanitário e posterior penetração nos poços através de orifícios e da base do tubo de boca.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties Co relation of Cold rolled Ferritic Lightweight Steel with Increasing Carbon
Authors: Khaple Shiv Kumar , Satya Prasad V.V. , Krishna B Gopala , Satyanararana D. V.V. 
Published: October 2023

The structure-properties relationship of cold-rolled and annealed Fe-7wt.%Al lightweight steels for varying carbon contents is explored in this work.Unlike Fe-Mn-Al-C based steels, which experienced processing issues, the hot-worked plates of the present steel were successfully cold-rolled to 2mm thick sheets. Various phases present in the steel for different carbon contents as predicted using the ThermoCalc programme are in line with the experimental findings. The basic alloy with 0.01C contains only a ferrite phase, however, the alloys with higher carbon content have a significant quantity of κ-carbide precipitates. The addition of carbon to Fe-7wt.%Al steel has improved its tensile strength significantly (438 to 828MPa). Tensile elongation, on the other hand, has decreased dramatically (26 to 12 percent) with increasing carbon content The reduction in ductility with increasing carbon is mainly ascribed to the increasing κ-carbide precipitates volume fraction with higher hardness, but not due to the environmental embrittlement as observed in case of higher Al containing steels.
Effect of Vanadium Addition On Structure And Soft Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline FeCoZrBCu Melt Spun Alloys
Authors: Kumar D Atchyut , Nagireddi Saijyothi , Babu D Arvindha , Chelvane J Arout , Raja M Manivel , Nandy T K 
Published: October 2023

In this report, glass forming ability, structure and soft magnetic properties of melt spun ribbons of (Fe1-xCox) 88-yVyZr7B4Cu1alloys with compositions x0.1y2, x0.1y4 and x0.1y6 & x0.35y2, x0.35y4 and x0.35y6 have been investigated. All alloys were found to be fully amorphous after melt spinning. Annealing of amorphous ribbons of x0.1 series alloys leads to the formation of bcc α-Fe(Co) phase and Fe2Zr phase in the amorphous matrix, while annealing of amorphous ribbons of x0.35 series alloys, leads to the formation of only bcc α-Fe(Co) phase in the amorphous matrix. High precision lattice parameter calculation revealed that V addition influences the phase formation in low Co containing x0.1 alloys. It leads to low volume fraction of bcc α-Fe(Co) phase and promotes Fe2Zr phase. A higher Co content increases the Curie temperature of amorphous phase, while V addition decreases the TC of amorphous phase in both x0.1 and x0.35 series of alloys. Saturation magnetization (Ms) of x0.35 alloys are higher than of x0.1 alloy due to higher Co content and the Ms decreases with increasing V content due to its non-magnetic nature. Coercivity was found to be increased with annealing in x0.35 alloys due to the low volume fraction formation of bcc α-Fe(Co) phase and Fe2Zr phase. The coercivity decreases with increasing V addition in x0.35 alloys as spun ribbons and a lowest coercivity of 0.13 Oe has been obtained in x0.35y6 alloy which is one of the lowest among FeCoZrBCu alloys reported.
DIC-like syndrome in a post-pre-eclampsia birth in a premature infant in a peri-COVID scenario
Authors: Hassan Taha F. , Morgan Ryan D. , Raghuram Akshay , Baronia Benedicto C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This article outlines an unusual presentation of a premature infant born from a pre-eclamptic mother born with a presentation resembling a disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.

Case presentation
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as pre-eclampsia, and premature birth pose significant risks to neonates, making the fetus more susceptible to immunodeficiencies and coagulopathies. This article highlights a premature infant born to a pre-eclamptic mother with multiple complications. Our case involved jaundice, neonatal meningitis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, hemorrhage, apnea, gastrointestinal defects, and periventricular leukomalacia. Often these complications are seen immediately after birth; these symptoms may present after a certain amount of time lapses if the neonates if afflicted with malignancy or a viral, fungal, or bacterial infection. Here we describe the case of a premature neonate born to a preeclamptic mother that experienced these complications one day after her birth.

Conclusions
This is the first known case of an infant experiencing a “DIC-like” syndrome without any diagnosis of a primary hematological malignancy or infection after a certain amount of time had lapsed since her birth. As complications in premature infants as well as those from pre-eclamptic mothers are common, this case report highlights a successful model of care. We also explore the effect of a peri-COVID setting on the presentation of this patient, as similar cases have occurred post-COVID-19.