bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the boundary conditions in slope stability analysis
Authors: Chugh Ashok K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBoundary conditions can affect computed factor of safety results in two‐ and three‐dimensional stability analyses of slopes. Commonly used boundary conditions in two‐ and three‐dimensional slope stability analyses via limit‐equilibrium and continuum‐mechanics based solution procedures are described. A sample problem is included to illustrate the importance of boundary conditions in slope stability analyses. The sample problem is solved using two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical models commonly used in engineering practice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐level parallelized substructuring‐frontal solution for coupled thermo/hydro/mechanical problems in unsaturated soil
Authors: Thomas H.R. , Yang H.T. , He Y. , Cleall P.J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi‐level parallelized substructuring–frontal combined algorithm for the analysis of the problem of thermo/hydraulic/mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soil. Temperature, displacement, pore water pressure and pore air pressure are treated as the primary variables in a non‐linear analysis. Details are given firstly of the substructuring–frontal combined approach. The incorporation of the algorithm in a multi‐level parallel strategy is then discussed. The parallel processing can thus be carried out at different substructural levels. The method thus developed impacts, in a positive way, on both computer storage requirement and execution time. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic response of a soft soil layer to flow and periodical disturbance
Authors: Hsieh Ping‐Cheng 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe dynamic response of a soft soil layer of finite thickness under the mutual effects of flow and periodical disturbance at the free surface is discussed in this work. The homogeneous water is governed by potential theory and the soil layer obeys Biot's theory of poroelasticity. The boundary‐value problem is solved by an analytical algorithm, in which the wave number is found first. Secondly, the closed form solutions are found by a two‐parameter perturbation method with the boundary‐layer correction. The results are also compared with those of the poroelastic soil layer of infinite thickness to show the impermeable rigid boundary effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urinary incontinence across the lifespan
Authors: Miller Yvette D. , Brown Wendy J. , Russell Anne , Chiarelli Pauline 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsThe objectives of the current study were (1) to measure type and severity of urinary leakage and (2) to investigate the association between these factors and age‐related life events and conditions in three groups of Australian women with a history of urinary leakage.MethodsFive hundred participants were randomly selected from women in the young (aged 18–22 in 1996), mid‐age (45–50), and older (70–75) cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health (ALSWH) who had reported leaking urine in the 1996 baseline survey. Details about leaking urine (frequency, severity, situations) and associated factors (pregnancy, childbirth, body mass index [BMI]) were sought through self‐report mailed follow‐up surveys in 1999.Results & ConclusionsResponse rates were 50, 83, and 80% in the young, mid‐age, and older women, respectively. Most women confirmed that they had leaked urine in the past month, and the majority of these were cases of “mixed” incontinence. Incontinence severity tended to increase with BMI for women of all ages, and increased severity scores were associated with having urine that burns or stings. Additional independent risk factors for increasing incontinence severity were heavy smoking in young women, past or present use of hormone replacement therapy in older women, and BMI and history of hysterectomy in mid‐age women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:550–557, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uroflowmetry in female voiding disturbances
Authors: Costantini Elisabetta , Mearini Ettore , Pajoncini Cinzia , Biscotto Sauro , Bini Vittorio , Porena Massimo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsThe clinical validity of uroflowmetry in women is attenuated by lack of absolute normal values. A peak flow <15 mL/sec and/or residual urine >50 mL with a minimum total bladder volume of 150 mL before voiding (volume voided+residual) (method A) and the 10th centile curve of the Liverpool Nomogram (method B) for the maximum urine flow rate have been identified as useful discriminants when diagnosing voiding difficulties in women. This study compares the two methods and analyses the validity of uroflowmetry in female voiding disturbances.MethodsA total of 348 women underwent a full urogynaecologic work‐up. Evaluable results of uroflowmetry (229 with method A and 224 with method B) were analysed and compared in terms of the following clinical variables: age, parity, previous urogynaecologic surgery, prolapse grade, symptoms, postvoid residue, and incontinence. Uroflowmetry results were compared with pressure/flow study results as indicated by four different cut‐offs.ResultsThe odds ratio that a subject with voiding difficulty has abnormal flow is 3.7 (95% CI, 1.9–7) in the patients analysed with method A and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6–5.2) with method B. A good accordance emerged between the two methods in flowmetry results. Uroflowmetry has a specificity of >70% and a sensitivity of 50 to 100% depending on the cut‐offs. Uroflowmetry results in women can be analysed by using either of the methods.ConclusionsUroflowmetry has a good specificity, a high negative predictive value, and a good diagnostic capacity such as to make it useful as the first diagnostic approach in urogynaecologic patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:569–573, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micturitional disturbance in a patient with a spinal cavernous angioma
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yoshiyama Mitsuharu , Aotsuka Akiyo , Mori Masahiro , Kanesaka Toshihide , Hattori Takamichi , Yamanishi Tomonori 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA 58‐year‐old woman had a 3‐year history of numbness in the right leg, which developed into thoracic transverse myelopathy and urinary retention. After referral to our department, MRI scans revealed a lesion with a target appearance at the T10–11 spinal cord with multiple silent cerebral lesions, which confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous angioma. Gamma‐knife surgery was not indicated, considering the risk of adverse effects. The patient gradually became able to urinate, but had urge urinary incontinence. The first urodynamic studies (conducted 3 months after full clinical manifestations of transverse myelopathy) showed detrusor hyperreflexia (DH), decreased bladder sensation during bladder filling, detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), and weak detrusor on voiding. However, urinary retention appeared again without change of neurologic signs. The second urodynamic studies (conducted 2 months later) showed less marked DH during bladder filling, and equivocal DSD but marked weak detrusor on voiding. The patient started taking oral prazosin hydrochloride (6 mg/day), which gradually ameliorated her voiding difficulty. Lesions in the lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord seem to be responsible for the micturitional disturbance in our patient with spinal cavernous angioma. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:606–610, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors associated with voiding function in women with lower urinary tract symptoms: A mathematic model explanation
Authors: Yang Jenn‐Ming , Huang Wen‐Chen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between voiding function and factors such as age, gravidity, parity, menopause, and anterior vaginal wall relaxation.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐five women were identified from urodynamic records, 83 premenopausal and 42 postmenopausal. All had had a sonographic assessment of the lower urinary tract and a full urodynamic study, including a pressure‐flow study. None had diabetes mellitus, overt neurologic disease, pelvic surgery, anticholinergic medication or estrogen therapy, or voiding difficulty symptoms. Voiding parameters included the following urodynamic variables: maximum flow rate, average flow rate, residual urine, the ratio of residual urine to total bladder volume on spontaneous uroflowmetry, maximum flow rate, and detrusor pressure at maximum flow on a pressure‐flow study.ResultsUroflow rates were significantly correlated with age, parity, and urethral mobility. As a whole, the scatter plots of maximum and average flow rates versus voided volume on uroflowmetry displayed a significant correlation (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). But, there was no association between maximum flow rate and detrusor pressure at maximum flow in the pressure flow study (P = 0.132). Age, menopause, parity, and urethral mobility may have affected the correlation on uroflowmetry but have no effect on pressure‐flow plot. On subgroup analysis, significant correlation was identified only in women aged between 30 and 70, with parity greater than three, and urethral mobility greater than 70 degrees. These groups all had a reduced urethral pressure profile.ConclusionsAge, menopause, parity, and urethral mobility may change the hydrodynamics of the lower urinary tract and have varying impact on the voiding function by altering urethral distensibility. Moreover, poor detrusor power in the postmenopausal women may complicate the analysis of voiding function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:574–581, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of one interval vaginal delivery on the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yip Shing‐Kai , Sahota Daljit , Chang Allan , Chung Tony 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsTo analyze the effect of one interval vaginal delivery on the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence amongst a cohort of nulliparous women.MethodsA cohort of 276 nulliparous women without incontinence was recruited consecutively in 1996, after they had vaginal delivery, and were followed‐up for urinary incontinence in 2000. The age, obstetric variables of the 1996 delivery (mode of delivery, genital tract trauma, birth weight, epidural analgesia, episiotomy, durations of labor, postpartum urinary retention), and the presence of interval vaginal delivery during the follow‐up period were recorded. The obstetric factors and the prevalence of urinary stress incontinence at follow‐up were then compared between women with and without interval vaginal delivery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the independence of the obstetric variables in the index pregnancy and the presence of one interval vaginal delivery, with urinary stress incontinence being the dependent variable.ResultsA total of 148 (53.6%) women were followed‐up. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 28.6% in women without interval delivery and 21.1% in women with one interval delivery. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of urinary incontinence between the two groups (χ2 test, P = 0.31). Logistic regression showed that none of the obstetric variables or the presence of one interval vaginal delivery was significantly associated with urinary incontinence.ConclusionsOne interval vaginal delivery does not increase risk of urinary stress incontinence 4 years after the index vaginal delivery. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:558–562, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Yoshiyama Mitsuharu , Yamanishi Tomonori , Hattori Takamichi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsNervous system involvement occurs in about half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). Seizures and psychiatric disorders are the most common manifestations; spinal cord lesions are uncommon. We had eight such patients who presented with urinary dysfunction.MethodsThe patients consisted of two men and six women, mean age 42 years, range 28–72 years. All patients were suffering from SLE for 2–25 years under immunosuppressant therapy. Their neurological manifestations were subacute encephalomyelopathy in three, subacute myelopathy in one, and chronic myelopathy in four. Urinary dysfunction included voiding difficulty in six (two of them had urinary retention initially) and urinary incontinence in four. Standard urodynamic studies were performed in the patients 2–3 weeks after admission.ResultsAll patients had urodynamic abnormalities, including decreased urinary flow in five, increased post‐void residual urine in three (mean 97 ml), increased maximum urethral closure pressure in two, detrusor hyperreflexia (DH) in five, impaired detrusor contractility in five, detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia in four, and neurogenic motor unit potentials of the external sphincter in two of four patients studied. DH was more common in patients with brisk deep tendon reflex (80%) than in those without (33%). Repeated studies showed that one had loss of bladder sensation, one developed a low compliance bladder, and one had decreased bladder capacity from 470 to 40 ml with marked DH during 2 months to 8 years follow‐up period.ConclusionsOur results suggest that urinary dysfunction can be a feature in SLE patients is most commonly due to, and, in some patients there myelopathy, may be involvement of the spinal cord in a small group of the patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:593–596, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Afferent fibers of the pudendal nerve modulate sympathetic neurons controlling the bladder neck
Authors: Reitz André , Schmid Daniel M. , Curt Armin , Knapp Peter A. , Schurch Brigitte 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsPudendal nerve stimulation is known to have a potential modulative effect on bladder function. However, even if its efficiency has been established for various neurogenic and non‐neurogenic bladder dysfunctions, the underlying neuronal mechanism, and the involved pathways in humans remain unknown. In this prospective study we focused on the effects of pudendal nerve stimulation in complete spinal cord injured patients to identify neuromodulative processes that occur on spinal level.MethodsTwenty complete spinal male presenting with upper motor neuron lesion and neurogenic incontinence underwent pudendal nerve stimulation. Bladder, bladder neck (BN), and external urethral sphincter (EUS) pressures were continuously recorded with a three channel microtip pressure transducer catheter. Fifty six pudendal stimulations using biphasic rectangular impulses (0.2 ms, 10 Hz) with intensities up to 100 mA were applied to the dorsal penile nerve. In six patients, 18 stimulations were repeated after intravenous (i.v.) administration of 7 mg phentolamine.ResultsMean BN and EUS pressure increased during stimulation significantly (P < 0.001). The latencies to the EUS responses range between 27 and 41 ms and those to the BN responses between 188 and 412 ms. Phentolamine decreased initial BN pressure and reduced the pressure rise during stimulation significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPudendal nerve stimulation evoked somatic responses in the EUS and autonomic responses in the smooth muscle sphincter controlling the BN. Longer latencies of the BN responses and the sensitivity to the α‐blocking agent phentolamine suggest that sympathetic α‐adrenergic fibers are involved. Somatic afferent fibers of the pudendal nerve are supposed to project on sympathetic thoracolumbar neurons to the BN and modulate their function. This neuromodulative effect works exclusively at the spinal level and appears to be at least partly responsible for BN competence and at least continence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:597–601, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe depression determines quality of life in urinary incontinent women
Authors: Stach‐Lempinen Beatas , Hakala Asta‐Leena , Laippala Pekka , Lehtinen Klaus , Metsänoja Riina , Kujansuu Erkki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to assess depression and anxiety in urinary incontinent women and to investigate factors influencing their self‐perception of urinary incontinence severity.MethodsIn this prospective study, 82 incontinent women estimated the severity of urinary incontinence using a visual analogue scale and completed a validated quality of life instrument: urinary incontinence severity score. Psychiatrists evaluated depression and anxiety using a structured interview of Hamilton Depression and Hamilton Anxiety Scales. Patients were classified on the basis of history and urodynamic evaluation into two diagnostic groups: stress urinary incontinence (n = 57) and idiopatic urge incontinence with or without stress incontinence (n = 25).ResultsMajor depression occurred in 44.0% of women with idiopatic urge (±stress) incontinence and in 17.5% women with stress incontinence (odds ratio (OR 3.69), 95% confidence interval (95% CI 1.30–10.49)). Twenty two patients had severe incontinence defined as Urinary Incontinence Severity Score ≥14 points (upper quartile) and 23 patients defined as visual analogue scale ≥9 (upper quartile). In logistic regression analysis, major depression (OR 5.57; 95% CI 1.19–26.11), urge incontinence diagnosis (OR 23.13; 95% CI 1.90–282.11), parity (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.16–4.60) and high Urgency Score (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.32–2.85) predicted Urinary Incontinence Severity Score above the upper quartile. Only the pad‐test (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02) predicted visual analogue scale above upper quartile.ConclusionsMajor depression correlates with reduced incontinence specific quality of life. This data also suggests an association between depression and idiopatic urge incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:563–568, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist on the micturition reflex pathway in urethane‐anesthetized rats
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Shibata Takashi , Ameda Kaname , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsTo determine a possible role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway in the rat.Materials and MethodsA selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, trans‐(±)‐1‐amino1,3‐cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans‐ACPD) was administered to the lumbosacral spinal cord via an intrathecal catheter in urethane anesthetized rats. Amplitude of reflex bladder contractions evoked by bladder distension under isovolumetric condition as well as amplitude of bladder contractions elicited by electrical stimulation of the pontine micturition center (PMC) were examined before and after administration of trans‐ACPD. The effect of trans‐ACPD on the urethral activity during isovolumetric bladder contractions was also examined by monitoring urethral perfusion pressure and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter (EUS‐EMG).ResultsTrans‐ACPD (3–10 μg) completely inhibited reflex bladder contractions evoked by bladder distension and the duration of inhibition was dose dependent (3 μg: 11.4 ± 2.8 min, 5 μg: 13.2 ± 1.3 min, 10 μg: 36.2 ± 2.4 min). The mean amplitude of bladder contractions evoked by electrical stimulation of the PMC was reduced to 12.6 ± 2.3% of control by 10 μg of trans‐ACPD. In addition, bursting activity of EUS‐EMG and corresponding high frequency oscillations of urethral pressure during isovolumetric bladder contractions were completely abolished by 10 μg of trans‐ACPD.ConclusionsThese results indicate that intrathecal administration of a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist to the lumbosacral spinal cord has an inhibitory effect on the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway in urethane‐anesthetized rats. This pharmacological action is attributed at least to the inhibitory effect on the descending pathway from the PMC to the lumbosacral spinal cord. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:611–616, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of pelvic floor muscle activity when activated directly or via a transversus abdominis muscle contraction
Authors: Bø Kari , Sherburn Margaret , Allen Trevor 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of instruction to contract the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), the transversus abdominis (TrA), and the TrA + PFM visualized as displacement of the pelvic floor by ultrasound.Materials and MethodsTwenty female physical therapists, mean age 41.1 years (range 26–56) participated in the study. A 3.5 MHz 35 mm curved linear array ultrasound transducer (Dornier Medtech) was placed in the mid‐sagittal plane immediately suprapubically, angled at 15–30 degrees from the vertical depending on subcutaneous fat and anatomical variations, to image the pelvic floor. Six trials of three maneuvers in random order were performed: contraction of PFM, TrA, and TrA + PFM.ResultsIn spite of correct contractions assessed by palpation and clinical observation, one subject demonstrated a downward movement of the pelvic floor during PFM contraction on ultrasound. Six subjects (30%) showed a downward movement during a TrA− contraction, and two during the combined TrA + PFM contraction. Instruction to contract PFM produced significantly greater mean displacement: 11.2 mm (95% CI 7.2–15.3) than TrA 4.3 mm (95% CI −0.2–8.8), P < 0.01, and combination: 8.5 mm (95% CI 5.2–12), P = 0.04. Hence, instruction of PFM contraction produced a 61.6% greater displacement of the pelvic floor in the correct direction than a TrA contraction.ConclusionsIt is concluded that ultrasound is a more valid method than palpation and clinical observation to assess PFM function, and that instruction to contract the PFM produces a significantly more effective pelvic floor muscle contraction than instruction to perform a TrA contraction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:582–588, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of the clinical bulbocavernosus reflex
Authors: Wester C. , FitzGerald M.P. , Brubaker L. , Welgoss J. , Benson J.T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAimsTo validate the clinically obtained bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) by comparing it to the results of clitoroanal reflex (CAR) electrodiagnostic testing.Materials and MethodsThirty three women with detrusor overactivity underwent clinical examination and electrodiagnostic testing including evaluation of CAR latency using a Nicolet Viking IIe electrodiagnostic instrument, stimulating the paraclitoral area on each side in turn with paired stimuli while recording anal sphincter compound muscle action potentials bilaterally using surface patch electrodes. The results of clinical and electrodiagnostic testing were compared.ResultsThe BCR was clinically present on at least one side in 26 (79%) women, and thought to be clinically bilaterally absent in 7 (21%). Electrophysiologic testing revealed CARs to be at least unilaterally present in 30 (91%) patients. When the BCR was clinically present, a CAR was recorded in 92% of patients. Of the seven women with clinically absent BCR, just one had absent CARs.ConclusionsIn this sample of women with detrusor overactivity, the clinical BCR did not have strong correlation with the electrically obtained reflex. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:589–592, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.