bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between hospital racial composition and aortic valve replacement outcomes: A national inpatients sample database analysis
Authors: Chen Yanfei , Xiao Yue , Huang Ruijian , Jiang Feng , Zhou Jifang , Su Cunhua , Yang Tianchi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic disparities exist in the outcomes following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, it is unclear whether hospital racial composition contributes to these racial disparities.MethodsWe analyzed the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2015 to 2019 to identify patients with aortic stenosis (AS) who received SAVR and TAVI. The Racial/Ethnic Diversity Index (RDI) was used to assess hospital racial composition as the proportion of nonwhite patients to total hospital admissions. Hospitals were categorized into RDI quintiles. Textbook outcome (TO) was defined as no in‐hospital mortality, no postoperative complications and no prolonged length of stay (LOS). Multivariable mixed generalized linear models were conducted to assess the association between RDI and post‐SAVR and post‐TAVI outcomes. Moreover, quantile regression was used to assess the additional cost and length of stay associated with the RDI quintile.ResultsThe study included 82,502 SAVR or TAVI performed across 3285 hospitals, with 47.4% isolated SAVR and 52.5% isolated TAVI. After adjustment, quintiles 4 and 5 demonstrated significantly lower odds of TO than the lowest RDI quintile in both the SAVR cohort (quintile 4, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.73–0.85]; quintile 5, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.73–0.86]) and TAVI cohort (quintile 4, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.82–0.95]; quintile 5, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74–0.86]). Despite non‐observable differences in in‐hospital mortality across all RDI quintiles, the rate of AKI and blood transfusion increased with increasing RDI for both cohorts. Further, Higher RDI quintiles were associated with increased costs and longer LOS. From 2015 to 2019, post‐TAVI outcomes improved across all RDI quintiles.ConclusionsHospitals with a higher RDI experienced lower TO achievements, increased AKI, and blood transfusion, along with extended LOS and higher costs. Importantly, post‐TAVI outcomes improved from 2015 to 2019 across all RDI groups.
Expanding the Application of Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Pharmaceutical Chemistry: A Focus on Piperidone Synthesis
Authors: Li Fulong , Wei Yuwen , Du Yan , Liang Youxiang , Zheng Yukun , Yuan Shuting , Yu Huimin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) have garnered recognition for their potential in the synthesis of pivotal pharmaceutical compounds. However, their utilization in the context of piperidone synthesis remains an area ripe for exploration. In this study, we examine the performance of an alcohol dehydrogenase derived from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgADH) using a substrate analogue functional screening (SAFS) method to elucidate its substrate specificity. To improve the catalytic activity of CgADH, a phenylalanine/alanine‐scanning and iterative saturation mutation (PAS‐ISM) method was used. The most active variant, I151F/I195A, exhibited a remarkable 10.6‐fold increase in catalytic activity compared to the wild‐type. Structural analysis revealed that the introduction of residues 151F and 195A led to a remodeling of the substrate‐binding pocket, enabling additional p‐π hydrophobic interactions with the substrate, ultimately promoting a more favorable substrate binding pose. This study introduces the SAFS screening method, which enables the identification of enzymes with no sequence homology to known enzymes. Furthermore, the application of PAS‐ISM presents an efficient approach for the engineering of alcohol dehydrogenases. These findings open up promising avenues to expand the utility of ADHs in the synthesis of piperidone, thereby advancing the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
2D Boron Nanosheets for Photo‐ and Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Pratihar Bitan , Jana Animesh , Kumar De Arup , De Sirshendu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBorophene, a new member of the two‐dimensional (2D) materials family, has attracted researchers since its first experimental synthesis. Borophene (2D boron nanosheet) differs significantly from other 2D materials due to its low energy requirement to form defects, anisotropy, electron‐deficient structure, multicentered bonding, etc. The uniqueness in properties of borophene compared to other 2D materials makes it suitable for applications in catalysis, sensing, energy storage, etc. The present review summarizes the development of borophene synthesis and emphasizes its applications in catalysis. Different synthesis approaches and their advantages and limitations are discussed briefly as substantial reviews are available on borophene synthesis. The applications of pristine borophene and their modified heterostructure in the field of catalysis were thoroughly reviewed, focusing on the electrocatalysis applications. Finally, the review discussed the future scope of borophene in designing new materials as well as opportunities to be utilized for other application fields. Since there is a lack of a good number of experimental reports on the applications of borophene and its derivatives, a huge opportunity is waiting for the researchers to explore the unknown world of borophene. In this regard, this review will help the researchers in an excellent manner.
A Photocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of L‐Shape Bicyclic NHC Ligands
Authors: Kittikool Tanakorn , Phakdeeyothin Kunita , Morales Agustín , Barthes Cécile , Vendier Laure , Yotphan Sirilata , Bontemps Sébastien , Bastin Stéphanie , Lledós Agustí , Baslé Olivier , César Vincent 
Published: February 2024

AbstractL‐shape N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) based on the imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine (ImPy) scaffold have recently gained considerable interest as the true carbene ligand analogues of the popular dialkylbiarylphosphines, better known as Buchwald phosphines. Nevertheless, the substitution pattern of ImPy ligands is still rather limited due to synthetic access issues. We report herein an efficient and versatile visible light photocatalytic strategy to access L‐shape bifunctional ImPy ligands laterally‐functionalized by a phenol group. Mechanistic investigations supported by density functional theory (DFT) reveal that the excited state of the iridium photocatalyst undergoes either a reductive quenching (SET process) or an energy‐transfer quenching (EnT process) depending on the nature of the counterion of the 5‐bromoimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium substrate salt. Moreover, the bifunctional character of these new family of L‐shape ImPy ligands is demonstrated by the preparation of a gold(I) complex exhibiting a free OH function capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This work highlights the advantage of visible light photocatalysis in the synthesis of advanced NHC ligand structures, a strategy that has not yet been considered despite its potential benefits in terms of versatility, diversity and practicability.
Structural modulation of ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for esterification reaction
Authors: Xie Ping , Zhong Tianhao , Li Tao , Lu Yiwu , Yu Yingmin , Zhao Qingshan , Li Zhongtao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop green catalytic transesterification technology to reduce liquid waste and instrument corrosion. Ionic liquids with controlled activity, easy recovery, and corrosion resistance have great potential as catalysts for transesterification reactions. In this paper, a series of ionic liquids were prepared using imidazole and ammonium compounds as cations, and sulphuric acid, p‐toluenesulfonate, and bistrifluoromethanesulfonate anions as anions. In comparison, the ionic liquid made from imidazole with H2SO4 (IMIHS) was found to be the best catalyst for the esterification reaction with high speed, high activity, low corrosion, and high stability, and its catalytic performance was superior to that of sulphuric acid. The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: the molar ratio of ethanol to acetic acid was 1:1, the catalyst amount was 5 wt.%, the reaction temperature was 80°C, and the reaction time was 120 min. The maximum yield of ethyl acetate was 66.2% under the optimum reaction conditions. The catalytic activity was not declined obviously by reusing six times. The activation energy of the reaction is 48.748 kJ/mol.
Effects of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the postoperative stress state and short‐term complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Han He , Wan Rong , Chen Jixiang , Fan Xin , Zhang LiWen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and necessity of enhanced recovery after surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer by observing inflammatory markers and postoperative complications.MethodsHospitalized colorectal cancer patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from January 2021 to September 2022 were included in the study and divided into two groups: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) and non‐ERAS. Data on postoperative inflammatory markers and complications were also collected.ResultsA total of 313 patients with colorectal cancer were included: 182 in the ERAS group and 131 in the non‐ERAS group. The patients in the ERAS group had significantly shorter days of postoperative hospitalization, urinary catheter and drainage tube withdrawal times, and recovery of bowel function (P < .05) than those of the non‐ERAS group. Moreover, the ERAS group had lower hospitalization expenses than those of the non‐ERAS group (P < .05). However, the procalcitonin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels in the ERAS group was significantly lower than those in the non‐ERAS group on postoperative days 1 and 3 (P < .05), and the interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐10 levels in the ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the non‐ERAS group on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days (P < .05). The C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) levels in the ERAS group were lower than those in the non‐ERAS group on postoperative days 3 and 5 (P < .05). However, the hemoglobin levels did not differ significantly (P > .05). The albumin levels did not differ significantly between the two groups before surgery (P > .05); however, the albumin level in the ERAS group was higher than that in the non‐ERAS group on postoperative days 3 and 5 (P < .05). The ERAS patients had lower albumin levels after surgery than those of the non‐ERAS patients (P < .05).ConclusionERAS leads to a series of perioperative optimization measures, thereby reducing the postoperative stress response in elderly patients with colorectal cancer and the occurrence of perioperative complications.
Vicuña antipredator diel movement drives spatial nutrient subsidies in a high Andean ecosystem
Authors: Monk Julia D. , Donadio Emiliano , Gregorio Pablo F. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge animals could be important drivers of spatial nutrient subsidies when they ingest resources in some habitats and release them in others, even moving nutrients against elevational gradients. In high Andean deserts, vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) move daily between nutrient‐rich wet meadows, where there is abundant water and forage but high risk of predation by pumas (Puma concolor), and nutrient‐poor open plains with lower risk of predation. In all habitats, vicuñas defecate and urinate in communal latrines. We investigated how these latrines impacted soil and plant nutrient concentrations across three habitats in the Andean ecosystem (meadows, plains, and canyons) and used stable isotope analysis to explore the source of fecal nutrients in latrines. Latrine soils had higher concentrations of nitrogen, carbon, and other nutrients than did nonlatrine soils across all habitats. These inputs corresponded with an increase in plant quality (lower C:N) at latrine sites in plains and canyons, but not in meadows. Stable isotope mixing models suggest that ~7% of nutrients in plains latrines originated from vegetation in meadows, which is disproportionately higher than the relative proportion of meadow habitat (2.6%) in the study area. In contrast, ~68% of nutrients in meadow latrines appear to originate from plains and canyon vegetation, though these habitats made up nearly 98% of the study area. Vicuña diel movements thus appear to concentrate nutrients in latrines within habitats and to drive cross‐habitat nutrient subsidies, with disproportionate transport from low‐lying, nutrient‐rich meadows to more elevated, nutrient‐poor plains. When these results are scaled up to the landscape scale, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus subsidized in soil at plains latrines was of the same order of magnitude as estimates of annual atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition for this region (albeit far more localized and patchy). Thus, vicuña‐mediated nutrient redistribution and deposition appears to be an important process impacting ecosystem functioning in arid Andean environments, on par with other major inputs of nutrients to the system.
Allure of HFIP in Unsaturated Carbon−Carbon Bond Functionalization
Authors: Ghosh Suman , Patra Koushik , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) stands out as a versatile solvent in synthetic chemists’ repertoire, facilitating a diverse array of intricate chemical reactions. It demonstrates a multifaceted role that extends beyond conventional uses and, in many cases, the mechanism appears to be complicated. This feature article elucidates the significance of HFIP in the context of Lewis and Brønsted acid‐catalyzed reactions with a specific emphasis on the regio‐ and stereoselective functionalization of unsaturated carbon‐carbon bonds.
A proposal of teaching operational research in online contexts: An experience with SageMath in Brazil
Authors: Assumpção Georgia de Souza , Santos Carolina Maia dos , Campello Daniele de Lima , de Lima Leonardo Silva , Castro Alexandre de Carvalho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper analyzes how to improve the teaching of Operational Research, focusing on distance learning courses where professors and students are separated through space and time. This case study was done in a public Industrial Engineering undergraduate course, and the work structure is divided into three main parts: an exploratory‐descriptive documentary analysis, application of free software, and evaluation of learning. The authors showed the feasibility of using the SageMath tool in the teaching‐learning process. The study revealed the importance of developing alternative solutions to educational realities marked by economic and financial constraints, where structure teaching with free software is a ruling factor once Engineering education is not a similar global event everywhere. Distance learning is a phenomenon that has been growing over the last 20 years in Brazil, but this was one of the first experiences with the use of SageMath. So, it can serve as a reference for countries with socioeconomic conditions similar to Brazil. Also, this case study can help other professors to enhance their teaching in a distance learning context even in scarcity scenarios of educational resources. The software implementation would be justified in part of the groups studied.
Global conservation assessment and taxonomic notes of Brachanthemum mongolorum Grubov (Asteraceae) endemic to Mongolia
Authors: Baasanmunkh Shukherdorj , Oyuntsetseg Batlai , Tsegmed Zagarjav , Munkhtulga Dariganga , Nyambayar Nyamjantsan , Wang Long , Choi Hyeok Jae 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBrachanthemum mongolorum Grubov (Asteraceae) has been previously reported as endemic and narrowly distributed in eastern Mongolia. Since 2017, we have conducted field surveys across the eastern part of this country to gain a better understanding of this species because of the scarcity of herbarium collections deposited at GAT, MW, LE, and UBA. According to ConR package, B. mongolorum have been assessed as Vulnerable based on the extent of occurrence (3337 km2) and the area of occupancy (40 km2) at global level. We also provided a distribution map, photo illustrations, and taxonomic notes of the species in question.
Hyperuricemia and associated factors: The case of outpatients at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital‐ Cameroon, an analytical cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tuono Romaric De Manfouo , Samou Aude Bernie Famessi , Mbiandjeu Marius Tchoumke , Well A Well Pascal Blaise A Koul , Chuisseu Pascal Dieudonne Djamen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsHyperuricemia constitutes a major public health issue due to its implication in many chronic diseases and metabolic syndromes. We propose to study the prevalence and associated factors of hyperuricemia to diagnose asymptomatic patients and make prognoses on the state of health of the patients.MethodsAn analytic cross‐sectional study has been carried out at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital and the Biochemistry laboratory of the Université des Montagnes over 2 months. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristic was obtained; a blood sample was collected from the chosen patients and a biochemical test (uric acid, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol, triglyceride) was analyzed by spectrophotometric method. Statistical tests were carried out using SPSS statistical software. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with variables of interest. The significance was measured by a p < 0.05 with a confidential level of 95%.ResultsThe patient population was made up of 100 patients. The sex ratio was 1.22 in favor of men. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in our study was 28.0% with 31.1% in women and 27.3% in men. The mean average of uric acid in the hyperuricemia population was 7.50 ± 1.24 mg/L and the normal uricemia population was 4.69 ± 1.49 mg/L (p < 0.0001). The mean average triglyceride in the hyperuricemia population was 143 ± 14 and 117.55 ± 55.52 mg/dL in normal uricemia with p = 0.046. Age range [35–45] and hypertriglyceridemia have been associated with hyperuricemia with respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 4.07, p < 0.015) confidence interval, CI: [0.89: 97.0]) and ([OR = 2.50, p < 0.046] CI: [1.01: 6.09]).ConclusionThe prevalence of hyperuricemia was relatively high and has been associated with metabolic disorders in the population. It is necessary to focus on early diagnoses, treatment, and early intervention in view to prevent chronic diseases associated with hyperuricemia.
Pointing out geographic and gender disparities related to productivity indicators among Brazilian ecotoxicologists
Authors: Silva Freitas Livia , Lima Brum Rodrigo , Rosa Moraes Niely G. , dal Pizzol Juliana L. , Amado Lilian L. , Nilin Jeamylle , Salla Raquel F. , Rocha Thiago L. , Camargo Letícia S. , Coronas Mariana V. , Silva Pereira Tatiana , Silva Júnior Flavio M. R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Policies and actions related to diversity, equity, and inclusion have been discussed recently in Brazil, but there is still limited information available for most academic and knowledge fields, including ecotoxicology. This study aimed to describe the profile of Brazilian ecotoxicologists and assess gender and geographical disparities, especially regarding productivity indicators. An ecological study was conducted using data of the researchers registered in the open-access database of the Brazilian Society of Ecotoxicology, along with their respective curriculum data available on the Lattes Platform, which is the main registry portal for Brazilian researchers. The target population of our study was ecotoxicology researchers in academic educational institutions with a focus on human resource training. The data, collected in 2021, led to the inclusion of a total of 177 researchers in this study, with 62 men and 115 women, and 42.37% working in the southeastern region. Female researchers generally showed lower rates of scientific productivity when the analyzed metrics included research productivity scholarships, the number of articles published in scientific journals, and the number of articles published with international collaborations, compared to male researchers. Researchers from the southeastern and southern regions also had higher rates of productivity and human resource training compared to those from other regions of the country. The proportion of funding grants received was significantly higher among men, and this profile was also observed among researchers from the southern and southeastern regions, although with a smaller disparity. This means that there is an uneven distribution of funding grants from funding organizations, which favors men and urban centers. Our findings highlight gender and geographic disparities in the scientific production of ecotoxicologists working in Brazil and reinforce the existence of complex obstacles that need to be addressed and combated within scientific societies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1209–1216. © 2024 SETAC
Key Points
There is a scenario of regional and gender disparity for most productivity indicators among Brazilian ecotoxicologists. The proportion of funding grants received was significantly higher among men. Researchers from the southeastern and southern regions had higher rates of productivity and human resource training compared to those from other regions of the country.
Bilateral diffuse metastases in advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations was associated with a favorable prognosis to EGFR‐TKIs
Authors: Gu Zhenbang , Huang Peng , Zhao Jiali , Luo Chen , Liao Lingmin , Liu Anwen , Huang Long 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBilateral diffuse metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (BLDM‐LUAD) is a special imaging pattern of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We retrospectively assessed survival outcomes and co‐mutation characteristics of BLDM‐LUAD patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations who were treated with EGFR‐yrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). From May 2016 to May 2021, among 458 patients who submitted samples for next generation sequencing (NGS) detection in 1125 patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and 44 patients were diagnosed as BLDM‐LUAD. In order to analyze the survival outcomes of BLDM‐LUAD patients harboring EGFR mutations who were treated with EGFR‐TKIs, the factors age, gender, smoking history, hydrothorax, site of EGFR mutations and EGFR‐TKIs treatment were adjusted using propensity score‐matching (PSM). The Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and log‐rank test were used to analyze progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The co‐mutation characteristics of BLDM‐LUAD patients harboring EGFR mutations were analyzed by NGS panels. 64 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations and first‐line treatment of EGFR‐TKIs were successfully matched. BLDM‐LUAD (n = 32) have significantly longer median PFS than control group (n = 32) (mPFS: 14 vs 6.2 months; p = .002) and insignificantly longer median OS than control group (mOS: 45 vs 25 months; p = .052). The patients with BLDM‐LUAD have the higher frequency of EGFR mutation than control group (84.1% vs 62.0%) before PSM. The co‐mutation genes kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) (9.4%), ataxia telangiectasia‐mutated (ATM) (7.4%) and mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) (3.1%) only appeared in the control group after PSM. The BLDM‐LUAD harboring EGFR mutations was associated with a favorable prognosis to EGFR‐TKI.