bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discerning structure versus speciation in phylogeographic analysis of Seepage Salamanders (Desmognathus aeneus) using demography, environment, geography, and phenotype
Authors: Pyron R. Alexander , Kakkera Anvith , Beamer David A. , O'Connell Kyle A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerous mechanisms can drive speciation, including isolation by adaptation, distance, and environment. These forces can promote genetic and phenotypic differentiation of local populations, the formation of phylogeographic lineages, and ultimately, completed speciation. However, conceptually similar mechanisms may also result in stabilizing rather than diversifying selection, leading to lineage integration and the long‐term persistence of population structure within genetically cohesive species. Processes that drive the formation and maintenance of geographic genetic diversity while facilitating high rates of migration and limiting phenotypic differentiation may thereby result in population genetic structure that is not accompanied by reproductive isolation. We suggest that this framework can be applied more broadly to address the classic dilemma of “structure” versus “species” when evaluating phylogeographic diversity, unifying population genetics, species delimitation, and the underlying study of speciation. We demonstrate one such instance in the Seepage Salamander (Desmognathus aeneus) from the southeastern United States. Recent studies estimated up to 6.3% mitochondrial divergence and four phylogenomic lineages with broad admixture across geographic hybrid zones, which could potentially represent distinct species supported by our species‐delimitation analyses. However, while limited dispersal promotes substantial isolation by distance, microhabitat specificity appears to yield stabilizing selection on a single, uniform, ecologically mediated phenotype. As a result, climatic cycles promote recurrent contact between lineages and repeated instances of high migration through time. Subsequent hybridization is apparently not counteracted by adaptive differentiation limiting introgression, leaving a single unified species with deeply divergent phylogeographic lineages that nonetheless do not appear to represent incipient species.
Self‐regulated learning profiles including test anxiety linked to stress and performance: A latent profile analysis based across multiple cohorts
Authors: Broks Vera M. A. , Dijk Stijntje W. , Van den Broek Walter. W. , Stegers‐Jager Karen M. , Woltman Andrea M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMedical educators aim to understand why students differ in performance and stress. While performance and stress are associated with student demographics, school factors and aspects of self‐regulated learning (SRL), it remains unclear how these elements interact within individuals. This multi‐cohort study identified SRL profiles among medical students and explored their associations with performance and stress. Additionally, we examined the identified profiles' associations with gender, migration status and assessment policy.MethodsWe used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify profiles on Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) scores of six cohorts (2014–2019) of Year 1, first semester medical students (n = 1894) in a Dutch medical school. We used nine MSLQ subscales that measure test anxiety (TA), self‐efficacy, deep learning, resource management and value. The university's assessment policy varied, demanding students to obtain 100% or 75% of Year 1 credits to remain enrolled. We defined optimal performance as obtaining all credits at the end of Year 1. Two cohorts completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐14, n = 409) in the 2nd semester.ResultsWe identified three distinct student profiles: 693/1894(36.6%) were classified as TAhighSRLhigh, 661/1894(34.9%) as TAlowSRLhigh and 540/1894(28.5%) as TAmoderateSRLlow. Females were more likely to belong to TAhighSRLhigh profiles compared to males (effect size [ES] Cramer's V = .13, small). Migration background was not associated with these profiles. The TAhighSRLhigh profile was more prevalent under the 100% assessment policy (ES Cramer's V = .10, negligible). TAlowSRLhigh students demonstrated lower stress levels (PSS = 23.9 out of 56) compared to TAhighSRLhigh students (PSS = 28.7, ES Cohen's d = .62, medium) and TAmoderateSRLlow students (PSS = 28.2, ES Cohen's d = .51, medium). Performance differed among the three profiles (ES Cramer's V = .16, small): 82.5% optimal performance in the TAlowSRLhigh, 71.9% in the TAhighSRLhigh and 65.2% in the TAmoderateSRLlow profile.DiscussionThree distinct SRL student profiles associated with gender, academic performance and perceived stress were identified. Test anxiety had additional value in distinguishing subgroups with differential academic performance and stress. These profiles may aid educators to inform personalised support strategies for novice learners.
Disruption of Leishmania flagellum attachment zone architecture causes flagellum loss
Authors: Halliday Clare , de Liz Laryssa Vanessa , Vaughan Sue , Sunter Jack D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeishmania are flagellated eukaryotic parasites that cause leishmaniasis and are closely related to the other kinetoplastid parasites such as Trypanosoma brucei. In all these parasites there is a cell membrane invagination at the base of the flagellum called the flagellar pocket, which is tightly associated with and sculpted by cytoskeletal structures including the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ). The FAZ is a complex interconnected structure linking the flagellum to the cell body and has critical roles in cell morphogenesis, function and pathogenicity. However, this structure varies dramatically in size and organisation between these different parasites, suggesting changes in protein localisation and function. Here, we screened the localisation and function of the Leishmania orthologues of T. brucei FAZ proteins identified in the genome‐wide protein tagging project TrypTag. We identified 27 FAZ proteins and our deletion analysis showed that deletion of two FAZ proteins in the flagellum, FAZ27 and FAZ34 resulted in a reduction in cell body size, and flagellum loss in some cells. Furthermore, after null mutant generation, we observed distinct and reproducible changes to cell shape, demonstrating the ability of the parasite to adapt to morphological perturbations resulting from gene deletion. This process of adaptation has important implications for the study of Leishmania mutants.
Past and present: Immigration and museum exhibitions in the anthracite coal region
Authors: Schriner Aryn G. N. , Shackel Paul A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNortheastern Pennsylvania was home to the anthracite coal industry for about two centuries. The area was originally settled by various waves of immigrants, first from western then southern and eastern Europe. The new immigrant miners faced many forms of prejudice and were exploited in a system of unchecked capitalism. They were racialized and placed at the bottom of the job hierarchy. Some capitalists did not consider them human, and therefore not deserving of safe working conditions, descent housing and equal pay. At the turn of the twenty‐first century, a new wave of Hispanic immigrants from the Caribbean, Mexico, and South and Central America entered the region to work mainly in low‐paying fulfillment center jobs. Their arrival is being met with various forms of xenophobia, much like the immigrant miners faced over a century ago. The online exhibition “We Are Anthracite,” hosted by the Anthracite Heritage Museum, addresses the call from the American Alliance of Museums for museums to be civically engaged, build social capital and connecting new populations to place. The exhibition bridges the experiences between the past coal mining communities and new Hispanic immigrants. The state‐operated museum hosting this exhibition lends validity to the new immigrants' place in this region, creating a narrative that their experiences are similar to the region's inhabitants' ancestors. By connecting common experiences, past and present, we are creating a form of bridging social capital that connects these different populations. While the northeastern Pennsylvania immigrant story is not well‐known, it is rich and complex like many Rust Belt communities undergoing similar major demographic shifts.
Assessing survival post‐kidney transplantation in Australia: A multivariable prediction model
Authors: McMichael Lachlan C. , Gulyani Aarti , Clayton Philip A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimKidney transplantation remains the preferred standard of care for patients with kidney failure. Most patients do not access this treatment and wide variations exist in which patients access transplantation. We sought to develop a model to estimate post‐kidney transplant survival to inform more accurate comparisons of access to kidney transplantation.MethodsDevelopment and validation of prediction models using demographic and clinical data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Adult deceased donor kidney only transplant recipients between 2000 and 2020 were included. Cox proportional hazards regression methods were used with a primary outcome of patient survival. Models were evaluated using Harrell's C‐statistic for discrimination, and calibration plots, predicted survival probabilities and Akaike Information Criterion for goodness‐of‐fit.ResultsThe model development and validation cohorts included 11 302 participants. Most participants were male (62.8%) and Caucasian (79.2%). Glomerulonephritis was the most common cause of kidney disease (45.6%). The final model included recipient, donor, and transplant related variables. The model had good discrimination (C‐statistic, 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.74 in the development cohort, 0.70; 95% CI 0.67–0.73 in the validation cohort and 0.72; 95% CI 0.69–0.75 in the temporal cohort) and was well calibrated.ConclusionWe developed a statistical model that predicts post‐kidney transplant survival in Australian kidney failure patients. This model will aid in assessing the suitability of kidney transplantation for patients with kidney failure. Survival estimates can be used to make more informed comparisons of access to transplantation between units to better measure equity of access to organ transplantation.image
Policy education in a research‐focused doctoral nursing program: Power as knowing participation in change
Authors: Perry Donna J. , Cintron Saisha , Grace Pamela J. , Jones Dorothy A. , Kane Anne T. , Kennedy Heather M. , Malinski Violet M. , Mar William , Toohey Lauri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNurses have moral obligations incurred by membership in the profession to participate knowingly in health policy advocacy. Many barriers have historically hindered nurses from realizing their potential to advance health policy. The contemporary political context sets additional challenges to policy work due to polarization and conflict. Nursing education can help nurses recognize their role in advancing health through political advocacy in a manner that is consistent with disciplinary knowledge and ethical responsibilities. In this paper, the authors describe an exemplar of Elizabeth Barrett's “Power as Knowing Participation in Change” theory as a disciplinary lens within a doctoral nursing health policy course. Barrett (radically) emphasizes “power as freedom” instead of “power as control.” This approach is congruent with nursing disciplinary values and enhances awareness of personal freedom and building collaborative relationships in the policy process. The theory was used in concert with other traditional policy content and frameworks from nursing and other disciplines. We discuss the role of nursing ethics viewed as professional responsibility for policy action, an overview of Barrett's theory, and the design of the course. Four student reflections on how the course influenced their thinking about policy advocacy are included. While not specific to policymaking, Barrett's theory provides a disciplinary grounding to increase students' awareness of freedom and choices in political advocacy participation. Our experience suggests that Barrett's work can be fruitful for enhancing nurses' awareness of choices to participate in change across settings.
Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats
Authors: Elliott Tammy L. , Spalink Daniel , Larridon Isabel , Zuntini Alexandre Rizzo , Escudero Marcial , Hackel Jan , Barrett Russell L. , Martín‐Bravo Santiago , Márquez‐Corro José Ignacio , Granados Mendoza Carolina , Mashau Aluoneswi C. , Romero‐Soler Katya J. , Zhigila Daniel A. , Gehrke Berit , Andrino Caroline Oliveira , Crayn Darren M. , Vorontsova Maria S. , Forest Félix , Baker William J. , Wilson Karen L. , Simpson David A. , Muasya A. Muthama 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Poales are one of the most species‐rich, ecologically and economically important orders of plants and often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites of traits. We test six hypotheses regarding the evolution and assembly of Poales in open and closed habitats throughout the world, and examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution.
We sampled 42% of Poales species and obtained taxonomic and biogeographic data from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants database, which was combined with open/closed habitat data scored by taxonomic experts. A dated supertree of Poales was constructed. We integrated spatial phylogenetics with regionalisation analyses, historical biogeography and ancestral state estimations.
Diversification in Poales and assembly of open and closed habitats result from dynamic evolutionary processes that vary across lineages, time and space, most prominently in tropical and southern latitudes. Our results reveal parallel and recurrent patterns of habitat and trait transitions in the species‐rich families Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Smaller families display unique and often divergent evolutionary trajectories.
The Poales have achieved global dominance via parallel evolution in open habitats, with notable, spatially and phylogenetically restricted divergences into strictly closed habitats.
Gene identification and semisynthesis of the anti‐inflammatory oleanane‐type triterpenoid wilforlide A
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhou Jiawei , Liu Panting , Hu Tianyuan , Liu Xuan , Gao Jie , Ma Lin , Lu Yun , Li Dan , Jiang Zhouqian , Zhang Xianan , Huang Luqi , Gao Wei , Wu Xiaoyi , Zhang Yifeng , Liu Changli 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Wilforlide A is one of the main active constituents produced in trace amounts in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, which has excellent anti‐inflammatory and immune suppressive effects. Despite the seeming structural simplicity of the compound, the biosynthetic pathway of wilforlide A remains unknown.
Gene‐specific expression analysis and genome mining were used to identify the gene candidates, and their functions were studied in vitro and in vivo. A modularized two‐step (M2S) technique and CRISPR–Cas9 methods were used to construct engineering yeast.
Here, we identified a cytochrome P450, TwCYP82AS1, that catalyses C‐22 hydroxylation during wilforlide A biosynthesis. We also found that TwCYP712K1 to K3 can further oxidize the C‐29 carboxylation of oleanane‐type triterpenes in addition to friedelane‐type triterpenes. Reconstitution of the biosynthetic pathway in engineered yeast increased the precursor supply, and combining TwCYP82AS1 and TwCYP712Ks produced abrusgenic acid, which was briefly acidified to achieve the semisynthesis of wilforlide A.
Our work presents an alternative metabolic engineering approach for obtaining wilforlide A without relying on extraction from plants.
The CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION 4A‐mediated RNA deadenylation pathway acts on the transposon RNAs that are not regulated by small RNAs
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Hui , Lei Zhen , Jeong Dong‐Hoon , Cho Jungnam 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that can impair the host genome stability and integrity. It has been well documented that activated transposons in plants are suppressed by small interfering (si) RNAs. However, transposon repression by the cytoplasmic RNA surveillance system is unknown.
Here, we show that mRNA deadenylation is critical for controlling transposons in Arabidopsis. Trimming of poly(A) tail is a rate‐limiting step that precedes the RNA decay and is primarily mediated by the CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION 4 (CCR4)‐NEGATIVE ON TATA‐LESS (NOT) complex.
We found that the loss of CCR4a leads to strong derepression and mobilization of TEs in Arabidopsis. Intriguingly, CCR4a regulates a largely distinct set of TEs from those controlled by RNA‐dependent RNA Polymerase 6 (RDR6), a key enzyme that produces cytoplasmic siRNAs. This indicates that the cytoplasmic RNA quality control mechanism targets the TEs that are poorly recognized by the previously well‐characterized RDR6‐mediated pathway, and thereby augments the host genome stability.
Our study suggests a hitherto unknown mechanism for transposon repression mediated by RNA deadenylation and unveils a complex nature of the host's strategy to maintain the genome integrity.
The emotional labour of teleworkers conducting online counselling during Covid‐19.
Authors: O'Neil Jennifer. J. , Heidl Britta. H. , Bratton Andrew , Vossler Andreas , Moller Naomi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrawing on emotional labour theory, this paper explores the barriers to emotionally complex telework, with a specific focus on the space, interface and pace of work. We examine the working lives of mental health counsellors who adapted from in‐person delivery to online delivery whilst working from home, during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Our qualitative data set comprises of semi‐structured online interviews with 31 counsellors across the United Kingdom. Findings reveal that boundary issues, increased technical interruptions, increased screen time and associated fatigue, and increased contact‐ability due to digitalisation were key barriers to conducting emotionally complex tasks and exacerbated the emotional labour of participants creating more negative outcomes. This resulted in heightened emotion management in the home space, emotional dissonance, stress and in some cases, burn‐out.
Modeling political mimetic isomorphism versus economic and quality factors in local government privatizations
Authors: Campos‐Alba Cristina M. , Chica‐Olmo Jorge , Pérez‐López Gemma , Zafra‐Gómez José L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have considered the economic impact and political influence of privatization. However, the theoretical approaches previously applied to model privatization, whether economic or political, have not obtained robust results. To address this question, we present a new political approach, based on mimetic isomorphism, which enables us to more accurately define the relationship between privatization, political theory and economic aspects. This new focus, termed political mimetic isomorphism, hypothesizes that the privatization of public services is influenced by an imitation effect between neighboring municipalities that share a common political ideology. In our study, this approach is applied, using geostatistical tools and logistic regression analysis with spatial variables, to a sample of municipalities that privatized their water and/or waste collection services during the period 2014–2019. The results obtained demonstrate the validity of the theoretical model of political mimetic isomorphism and show that this factor exerts a stronger influence on privatization than certain economic variables.
A dual‐subcellular localized β‐glucosidase confers pathogen and insect resistance without a yield penalty in maize
Authors: Liu Chuang , He Shengfeng , Chen Junbin , Wang Mingyu , Li Zhenju , Wei Luyang , Chen Yan , Du Meida , Liu Dandan , Li Cai , An Chunju , Bhadauria Vijai , Lai Jinsheng , Zhu Wangsheng 
Published: November 2023

SummaryMaize is one of the most important crops for food, cattle feed and energy production. However, maize is frequently attacked by various pathogens and pests, which pose a significant threat to maize yield and quality. Identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for resistance to pests will provide the basis for resistance breeding in maize. Here, a β‐glucosidase ZmBGLU17 was identified as a resistance gene against Pythium aphanidermatum, one of the causal agents of corn stalk rot, by genome‐wide association analysis. Genetic analysis showed that both structural variations at the promoter and a single nucleotide polymorphism at the fifth intron distinguish the two ZmBGLU17 alleles. The causative polymorphism near the GT‐AG splice site activates cryptic alternative splicing and intron retention of ZmBGLU17 mRNA, leading to the downregulation of functional ZmBGLU17 transcripts. ZmBGLU17 localizes in both the extracellular matrix and vacuole and contribute to the accumulation of two defence metabolites lignin and DIMBOA. Silencing of ZmBGLU17 reduces maize resistance against P. aphanidermatum, while overexpression significantly enhances resistance of maize against both the oomycete pathogen P. aphanidermatum and the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis. Notably, ZmBGLU17 overexpression lines exhibited normal growth and yield phenotype in the field. Taken together, our findings reveal that the apoplastic and vacuolar localized ZmBGLU17 confers resistance to both pathogens and insect pests in maize without a yield penalty, by fine‐tuning the accumulation of lignin and DIMBOA.
Risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis in Korean acral and non‐acral melanoma patients
Authors: Song Jee Yong , Ryu Young Jae , Lee Ho Kyun , Lee Dong Hoon , Choi Yoo Duk , Shim Hyun Jeong , Yun Sook Jung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBreslow thickness, ulceration, and mitotic rate are well‐known prognostic factors for sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. We investigated risk factors, including especially the degree of pigmentation, for SLN metastasis in Korean melanoma patients. We enrolled 158, composed of Korean 107 acral and 51 non‐acral melanoma patients who underwent SLN biopsy. Clinicopathologic features such as Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, and the degree of pigmentation were evaluated. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate and date of recurrence were determined. Fifty‐four patients (34.2%) had a positive SLN biopsy result. In a multivariate analysis, Breslow thickness (odds ratio [OR] 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–3.47; p = .022) and heavy pigmentation (OR 13.14; 95% CI, 2.96–95.20, p = .002) were associated with SLN metastasis. Positive SLN patients had a higher rate of loco‐regional and/or distant recurrence (hazard ratio 6.32; 95% CI, 3.39–11.79; p < .001). Heavy pigmentation was associated with poor RFS. Heavy pigmentation is an independent predictor of SLN metastasis in both acral and non‐acral melanoma. Our results suggest the need for in‐depth SLN evaluation of cutaneous melanoma patients with heavy pigmentation and provide clinicians with important information for determining patient prognosis.