bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdurrahman Wahld: Scholar-President
Authors: Esposito John L , Voll John O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In October 1999, Abdurrahman Wahid, a prominent Islamic leader, became the first elected president in Indonesia’s history. As leader of the Nahdatul Ulama, (the renaissance of religious scholars), Abdurrahman Wahid heads the biggest Islamic organization in the world’s largest Muslim country, Indonesia, where 87 percent of the population of 220 million are Muslim. The Nahdatul Ulama (NU) is a predominantly conservative, rural¬based, sociocultural organization with some thirty-five million members (approximately 20 percent of Indonesia’s population), headed by a man best described as a modern, urban liberal Muslim intellectual. Abdurrahman Wahid, popularly known as Gus Dur, is an intellectual/activist who attracts and repels modernists and traditionalists alike. While some have charged that he is too close to government, government officials have feared his influence and “interference.” The head of Indonesia’s largest Islamic organization, he nevertheless warns against those Islamic reformers who would reassert Islam’s role in politics.
Introduction: Recouping Our Losses
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may be difficult to imagine a religious phenomenon more diverse than modern—day Christianity. There are Roman Catholic missionaries in developing countries who devote themselves to voluntary poverty for the sake of others, and evangelical televangelists who run twelve-step programs to ensure financial success. There are New England Presbyterians and Appalachian snake handlers. There are Greek Orthodox priests committed to the liturgical service of God, replete with set prayers, incantations, and incense, and fundamentalist preachers who view high-church liturgy as a demonic invention. There are liberal Methodist political activists intent on transforming society, and Pentecostals who think that society will soon come to a crashing halt with the return of Jesus. And there are the followers of David Koresh—still today—who think the world has already started to end, beginning with the events at Waco, a fulfillment of prophecies from Revelation. Many of these Christian groups, of course, refuse to consider other such groups Christian.
State Repression and Democracy Protest in Three Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Boudreau Vincent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Between 1986 and 1998, three Southeast Asian dictators of long standing, Ne Win in Burma, Suharto in Indonesia, and Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines, resigned in the face of broad popular protest. Democratization scholars, particularly those who describe recent transitions to democracy as part of a single “third wave,” have viewed Philippine and Indonesian transitions as different examples of the same general political development—and the Burmese case as perhaps a near miss. But were the Indonesian and Philippine transitions really similar? Did Burma miss the democratizing bandwagon by a hair’s breadth or a country mile? If we attend to the processes and patterns of the struggle, instead of to the mere fact that democracy movements occurred in each place, the Indonesian, Burmese, and Philippine cases vary tremendously. In this work, I investigate the contours and causes of variation in contentious processes among these three countries. Specifically, I argue that important variations in movement identities, tactics, and influence reflected ongoing interactions between the authoritarian regimes and their societies. Those variations, and their structural roots, must be central to any explanation of the protests.
Those who have examined democracy struggles as social movements often ask what factors influence anti-regime mobilization, including potential movement allies, shifting policies, and changes in the likelihood or severity of repression (Hipsher 1998; Melucci and Lyyra 1998; Sandoval 1998). Mobilization levels, however, tell us relatively little about how protest drives processes of regime fragmentation and defection so closely associated with transitions to democracy.
The Contradictions of Gay Ethnicity: Forging Identity in Vermont
Authors: Bernstein Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rise of so-called identity politics or new social movements over the past four decades has raised intense debate among both social movement scholars and activists over the merits of pursuing a “politics of recognition” (e.g., Bower 1997; Currah 1997; Vaid 1995). Many queer theorists, poststructuralists, and feminists argue that to gain recognition for a constituency, activists narrowly and naively rely on fixed or essentialist notions of identity (e.g., Bower 1997; Phelan 1993; Seidman 1993 ). By advocating for rights based on an identity such as “woman” or “gay,” identity movements reinforce the identity on which the movement is based and, as a result, fail to recognize diversity, homogenize and ignore differences within the identity category, and inhibit the creation of a “politics of commonality” (Gitlin 1994, 1995; Kimmel 1993; Phelan 1993) among diverse groups. Engaging in politics based on identity categories shores up the category itself and sets up invidious distinctions, reinforcing a normal-deviant dichotomy (Phelan 1993). Cultural transformation is sacrificed for narrow political gains.
I ask, in this chapter, to what extent do activists naively and narrowly adhere to and rely on fixed or essentialist notions of identity (an ontological move, rather than a strategic claim [Phelan 1993]) in order to gain recognition for that identity? Does a politics of recognition require that activists rely on a fixed notion of identity?
Theology and the Poetics of Testimony
Authors: Chopp Rebecca S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the literature of cultural criticism, a genre has developed that I will call the “poetics of testimony.” This genre includes poetry, theology, novels, and other forms of literature that express unique events or experiences outside the representation of modern, rational discourse. Many of us are acquainted with Elie Wiesel’s observation, “If the Greeks invented tragedy, the Romans the epistle, and the Renaissance the sonnet, our generation invented a new literature, that of testimony.” Wiesel’s “invention” has become a common reality of our time. The writers of contemporary literature—African Americans, incest and rape survivors, postcolonial theorists, gays, lesbians, bisexuals—all turn to the term “testimony” to describe their discourse, to tell truth as they see it, as they experience it, and what truth means to their communities.
Cultural Labor and Theological Critique
Authors: Jones Serene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I offer descriptions of two contexts within which I have used cultural theory as a companion to my work as a Christian theologian with Reformed and feminist sensibilities. The first finds its setting in the protracted struggle of three unions at Yale University to secure a contract to address the issue of the “casualization of labor.” The second is a course I coteach with Harlan Dalton at Yale Law School on “Identity and Power in Theology and Law.” In both of these contexts, I have found that cultural theory has helped me think through the relationship between the political and the theological in interesting new ways. Before turning to these examples, however, I want to first offer a brief history of my travels through the world of theology and cultural theory—the story of “how I got here.” I hope this short genealogy will explain what I am referring to when I use terms such as “cultural theory” and “cultural studies” in the pages ahead.
The Heavenly Woman and the Dragon: Rereadings of Revelation 12
Authors: Lee Dorothy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now a great sign appeared in heaven, a woman clothed in the sun, the moon beneath her feet and on her head a crown of twelve stars. She was pregnant and crying out in labor, struggling in agony to give birth. Then there appeared another sign in heaven: a great fiery-red dragon with seven heads and ten horns and on each head seven diadems! His tail dragged a third of the stars from heaven and flung them to the earth. The dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, ready to devour her child when it was born. She gave birth to a male child, a son, whose destiny it was to shepherd all the nations with a staff of iron. And the child was snatched up to God and to his throne. Then the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared for her by God, so that there she might be nourished for one thousand, two hundred and sixty days.
The Meaning of Narration in Invisible Man
Authors: Smith Valerie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Ralph Ellison’s essays and interviews, the artist is a figure of rebellion. Whether writing generally of the role and responsibilities of the contemporary American novelist or, more specifically, of his own achievements, Ellison describes the artist always in opposition to the restraints of received literary convention. In “Brave Words for a Startling Occasion,” his acceptance speech for the 1953 National Book Award, he identifies some of the restrictions that limit modern American fiction. For him, neither the “tight, well-made Jamesian novel” nor the “hard-boiled novel” can contain the complexity of American life. He writes: There was also a problem of language, and even dialogue, which, with its hard-boiled stance and its monosyllabic utterance, is one of the shining achievements of twentieth-century American writing. For despite the notion that its rhythms were those of everyday speech; I found that when compared with the rich babel of idiomatic expression around me, a language full of imagery and gesture and rhetorical canniness, it was embarrassingly austere.
Augustus’s Conception of Himself
Authors: Reinhold Meyer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Received Commonplace that the personality of Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire and its sole ruler for almost fifty years, is an enigma, ‘puzzling,’ ‘elusive,’ ‘baffling,’ ‘inscrutable.’ Though his acts and times arc among the most extensively documented in antiquity, no written record captures the psychic texture, inner life, and motives of the first princes. What ever light Augustus himself would have shed in his autobiography was lost with that document; one may regret, too, the loss of Plutarch’s life of Augustus.2 True, we have the ipsissima verbal of Augustus preserved in scattered quotations and in letters, and in the ‘queen of Latin inscriptions,’ the He’s Caste Diva Augusta (Achievements of the deified Augustus),3 that extraordinary summation of his career. But this ‘obituary notice’ of himself compels caution because of its selectivity and calculated aim to bequeath at the end of his life a posthumous image of his place in history.
Nagarjuna s Theory of Causality : Implications Sacred and Profane
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
He devotes two important chapters of Mulamadhyamakakarika to the analysis of causality, per se, and of dependent arising more generally. The analysis developed in these chapters permeates the rest of the treatise. I have in the preceding portion of this book, discussed how Nagarjuna’s chapters are to be read and explored their role in Nagarjuna’s larger philosophical enterprise (chapters 1 and 2 of this volume and Garfield 1995). I will review that account only briefly here as a preliminary to some applications.
Vasubandhu’s Treatise on the Three Natures: A Translation and Commentary
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The text Trisvabhavanirdesa (Rang bzhin gsum nges par bstan pa) is one ofVasubandhu’s short treatises (the others being the Treatise in Twenty Stanzas [Vimsatika] and the Treatise in Thirty Stanzas [Trimsikaikakarika]) expounding his Cittamatra, or mind-only philosophy. Vasubandhu and his older brother While Trisvabhavanirdesa is arguably the most philosophically detailed and comprehensive of the three short works on this topic composed by Vasubandhu, as well as the clearest, it is almost never read or taught in contemporary traditional Buddhist cultures or centers of learning.
A
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An old-man figure called el abuelo (the grandfather) played the role of a bogeyman in Hispano folklore. In literature it is sometimes spelled aguelo, and some scholars speculate that it may be a borrowed word from the language of the Pueblo Indians. In Spanish it means “grandfather,” and has become synonymous with coco, cucui, and bogeyman. This folk character is more known in northern New Mexico than in other parts of the Southwest. He appeared at Christmastime to test and discipline children who did not know their catechism or prayers. He was a scary figure, dressed to terrify children with a black cape and a mask with large horns, and always carrying a whip. Children were terribly frightened because of his horrid appearance. Instead of a mask he sometimes had a tortilla plastered on his face, wore buffalo horns and a horsetail, and of course carried the whip. A few days before Christmas, he’d knock on the door of a home, give a bloodcurdling cry, crack his whip, and yell at the children, “Han sido buenos muchachos estos?” (Have these children been good?) The children would cringe and hide while the parents defended them. Then el abuelo would say, “Pues que recen y se acuesten” (Well, let them pray and go to bed). Sometimes he made the children dance Las Palomitas, loosely translated as “the little doves.”
D
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduced in New Spain by the Spanish, a decima is a poetic narrative that may or may not be in song form. With a ten-line stanza, as opposed to the corrido, which has a four-line stanza, it has a more inflexible verse form than the corrido. The word decima refers to the ten verses of the stanza, but each decima may consist of several stanzas, so the genre is often referred to in the plural, as decimas. Usually a quatrain introduces the decima, and a line from this quatrain may be repeated at the end of each stanza and again at the end of the series of strophes. Decimas have also been collected in Chile, Argentina, and Puerto Rico. Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa collected decimas in New Mexico and shows how they developed almost without change from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spanish literature. The subject matter of decimas may be religious, political, or philosophical. Espinosa reprints one from the 1860s that describes the political unrest of the people of New Mexico during the American occupation (1985, 156). Arthur Leon Campa provides a list of titles of 137 decimas from New Mexico. Stanley Robb states that all the decimas he collected in New Mexico were sung to one standard tune, even though the singers lived in different parts of the state. From one informant, Prospero S. Baca, Robb collected “One Hundred Twenty-one Decimas and Other Folk Songs.”
U
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Known as La Nina de Cabora (the Daughter of Cabora) and La Santa de Cabora ( the Saint of Caborn), Teresa Urrea was a curandera or sanadora (healer), and somewhat of a psychic and mystic. Her brief life touched many lives in Mexico and the Southwest. She was born in 1873 in Sinaloa, Mexico, but lived about half of her life in the United States. As an adolescent she suffered an illness, a type of epilepsy with high fevers, that once left her in a trance or coma for several days. During this coma she heard voices that told her to minister to the ill. She believed this was her mission, and she devoted her life to healing others. Before she became ill she had already learned some healing rituals and remedies by working with an Indian curandera. She lived on a ranch in Cabora, Sonora, where she acquired a large following, especially among the Yaqui Indians, and became known as La Santa de Cabora. The government became suspicious of her influence over the Indians and President Porfirio Diaz had Teresa and her father arrested, exiling them to Nogales, Arizona. Between 1892 and 1900 they moved several times within Arizona, moving to El Paso for a brief period and then back, settling in Clifton, Arizona. In 1896, while Teresa and her father lived in Nogales, a group of Yaqui and Tomochi Indians, followers of her and calling themselves Teresitas, stormed the Mexican customhouse. The Mexican president blamed this attack on Teresa, accusing her of inciting a revolution.
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Mcgovern Margaret M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An 11-year-old Caucasian male was referred for evaluation of deteriorating school performance and the recent onset of ataxic (i.e., wide-based and unsteady) gait. He had been previously diagnosed with attention deficit disorder and had been treated with Ritalin for the past 3 years. There was no history of trauma or infection. He came to attention after his fifth grade teacher noted that his handwriting skills had declined noticeably from the end of fourth grade, and that there was a general decline in his cognitive abilities, including difficulties with mathematical calculations. In addition, his mother reported that he was having difficulty reading, had become clumsy, and was displaying behavioral changes. On physical examination, he had slightly slurred speech, was unable to follow complex commands, and had right-left disorientation. His gait was abnormal with circumduction (i.e., active circular movement of the leg) on the right and a steppage gait, right-sided weakness, and a positive Romberg sign (falling forward when eyes are closed, and feet are close together due to loss of position sensation). Further neurological assessment revealed dysgraphia (i.e., inability to write) and dyscalculia (i.e., inability to perform mathematical calculations). No other physical findings were present. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed diffuse abnormal signal in the white matter of the posterior hemisphere extending anteriorly (Fig. 13-1).
Phenylketonuria
Authors: Anderson William L , Mitchell steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Penny Urick is a 22-year-old G1P0 (one pregnancy, no births) woman who was seen at the family practice clinic for routine prenatal care during her first pregnancy. Mrs. Urick described herself as “generally healthy.”At the time of her visit, she stated that she took no medications and had no known medical allergies; however, her medical record revealed a history of phenylketonuria (PKU). When further questioned about her experience with PKU Mrs. Urick stated that: I had it as a child, but I am fine now. They put me on this diet, which I had to stay on until I was 18 years old, when I was told that I didn’t need it anymore. I haven’t had any problems at all since I stopped it. On further questioning, it became clear that Mrs. Urick was concerned that her baby might inherit the disorder, and that if so, the baby would need to be on the PKU diet. Mrs. Urick described her experience with PKU management as follows:
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Devlin Angela M , Lentz Steven R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 35-year-old man presented to his family physician after he noted a 20-min episode of slurred speech and weakness of his left arm. He had had a similar episode, lasting 10 min, 3 days earlier. He had never smoked cigarettes, and he had no history of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, stroke, or neurological problems. He did have a history of blood clots in his right leg (deep vein thrombosis) and lungs (pulmonary embolism) at age 15 years. From age 15 until age 20 he took the anticoagulant drug warfarin, which inhibits blood clotting by blocking the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. At age 26, he first noted pain and swelling of his right leg. These symptoms worsened progressively over the next 2 years, becoming so severe that he was no longer able to jog or play basketball. At age 28, ultrasonography of his right lower extremity revealed chronic occlusion (blockage) of his right femoral vein with accompanying venous insufficiency (leaky valves in the veins of his leg). He then underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis, a procedure in which the drug urokinase, which dissolves blood clots, is infused into the femoral vein. Following the thrombolysis procedure, a metal stent was placed in the femoral vein to help prevent its reocclusion. He again took warfarin along with clopidogrel, a drug that inhibits blood clotting by preventing aggregation of platelets. Except for some intermittent swelling of his right ankle after exercise, he did well for the next 7 years.
“More than Ever, We Feel Proud to Be Italians”
Authors: Sterba Christopher M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The event that proved most decisive in pulling the New Haven colonia into the war effort took place three thousand miles away, near the small town of Caporetto. There, in the early hours of October 24, 1917, a combined Austrian and German force smashed the Italian Army’s lines. By mid- afternoon Italy had lost all of the ground it had gained in the previous two- and-a-half years of fighting, and by nightfall the front had collapsed seventeen miles in what had been one of the most immobile theaters of the war. The Italians did not halt the enemy advance until November 10. By that time their losses were staggering.
Jealous Gods and Chosen People: The Mythology of the Middle East
Authors: Leeming David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Esteemed scholar David Leeming, who has authored more than twelve books on mythology, here offers the first comprehensive narrative study of the mythology of the Middle East, that tumultuous region that was the cradle of civilization. Leeming begins with a brief, engaging history of the Middle East, spanning Neolithic cultures, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, the invention of writing and the rise of Egypt and Babylonia, Israel and Roman rule, and the early history of the Jews, Christians, and Muslims. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of the mythology of the region, covering individual pantheons, cosmic myths, mythic heroes, and much more. Leeming ranges from prehistoric figures such as the Mother Goddess of Catal Hüyük to Mesopotamian gods such as Marduk and mythic heroes such as Gilgamesh, to the pantheon of Egyptian mythology, including the falcon-headed sky-sun god Horus and jackal-headed Anubis. The author also offers an illuminating exploration of the mythology of the three great monotheistic religions of the region: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In a provocative Epilogue, Leeming depicts today’s crisis in the Middle East as “violent, clearly immoral, and illegal actions” justified by “what can only be called myths.” He notes that fundamentalists in the area’s three religions all see their way as the only way, forgetting that myths represent truths that are spiritual and philosophical--not historical events that can be used to justify acts of violence. With key maps, illustrations, bibliography, and index, Jealous Gods and Chosen People provides an inclusive, authoritative, and captivating account of a mythology that remains a potent--and often destructive--force in the world today.