bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel PINK1 mutations in early‐onset parkinsonism
Authors: Hatano Yasuko , Li Yuanzhe , Sato Kenichi , Asakawa Shuichi , Yamamura Yasuhiro , Tomiyama Hiroyuki , Yoshino Hiroyo , Asahina Masato , Kobayashi Susumu , Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Lu Chin‐Song , Ng Arlene R. , Rosales Raymond L. , Shimizu Nobuyoshi , Toda Tatsushi , Mizuno Yoshikuni , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPINK1 was recently found to be associated with PARK6 as the causative gene. We performed mutation analysis in eight inbred families whose haplotypes link to the PARK6 region. We identified six pathogenic mutations (R246X, H271Q, E417G, L347P, and Q239X/R492X) in six unrelated families. All sites of mutations were novel, suggesting that PINK1 may be the second most common causative gene next to parkin in parkinsonism with the recessive mode of inheritance. Ann Neurol 2004;56:424–427
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of sisal–polyester composites as a function of the polyester matrix formulation
Authors: Fonseca V. M. , Fernandes V. J. , de Carvalho L. H. , d'Almeida J. R. M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this work a comparative study on the impact and tensile properties of polyester/sisal fiber reinforced composites was undertaken. The polyester matrix was used bare and modified with: (1) a silane coupling agent; (2) a flame retardant system; and (3) a blend of the silane agent and the flame retardant system. The experimental results show that the flame retardant acts as a particulate reinforcement to the polyester matrix and the silane coupling agent acts as a plasticizer. The simultaneous addition of these two compounds to the polyester resin tended to decrease the performance of the composites. The results obtained show that strength or toughness could be tailored, and although none of the composites manufactured with the modified polyester matrices showed a significant improvement on the fiber–matrix interface strength, a better compromise between impact and tensile properties was obtained with the silane modified matrix. The critical fiber volume fraction was also evaluated and shown to be less than 10% for the sisal–polyester composite investigated here. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1209–1217, 2004
Interfacial interactions of a novel mechanochemical composite of cellulose with maleated polypropylene
Authors: Qiu Wulin , Endo Takashi , Hirotsu Takahiro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA novel composite was prepared by ball‐milling crystalline cellulose and maleic anhydride (MA) grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and its characteristics compared with a corresponding composite prepared by a conventional melt‐mixing method. The ball‐milling induces the formation of more ester bonds between cellulose and MAPP. The resulting MAPP chains bound to particles of cellulose, which created much stronger interfacial adhesion between the cellulose particles and the MAPP matrix. Accordingly, such enhanced interfacial adhesion substantially differentiates the mechanochemically prepared composite from the melt‐mixed composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1326–1335, 2004
CDK1‐Inhibitory Activity of Paullones Depends on Electronic Properties of 9‐Substituents
Authors: Pies Tanja , Schaper Klaus‐Jürgen , Leost Maryse , Zaharevitz Daniel W. , Gussio Rick , Meijer Laurent , Kunicke Conrad 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMultiple linear regression analysis was employed in an effort to establish a quantitative structure‐activity relationship model for the CDK1‐inhibitory activity of a series of 9‐substituted paullones. While the electronic properties of the 9‐substituents proved to be of high relevance for CDK1 inhibition, both lipophilic and a steric parameters could not be included in a meaningful equation for the calculation of biological properties. The equation solely based on the electronic parameter was successfully used for the prediction of the CDK1‐inhibitory activity of a small test set comprising novel paullones with sulfur‐containing 9‐substituents. Among these new derivatives, 2‐methoxy‐9‐methylsulfonylpaullone proved to be superior to the standard alsterpaullone with respect to CDK1 inhibition.
Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory
Authors: Wang Xin Shelley , Wang Ying , Guo Hong , Mendoza Tito R. , Hao Xi‐Shan , Cleeland Charles S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDSymptom management is an essential component of cancer treatment for patients of every culture and nationality. Symptom assessment depends on subjective reporting, mandating linguistically equivalent versions of symptom assessment scales. Because disease‐related and treatment‐related symptoms most often occur in clusters, there is a global need for a standardized multiple‐symptom assessment tool.METHODSThe authors sought to validate the Chinese version of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI‐C) by enrolling patients who had received various diagnoses of and different types of treatment for cancer (n = 249) in a cross‐sectional symptom study conducted at an urban cancer center in China.RESULTSFactor analysis identified 2 underlying constructs, general symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms, which had Cronbach alpha coefficients of 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. These results were consistent with English‐ and Japanese‐language MDASI validation studies. Known‐group validity was supported by the MDASI‐C's ability to detect significant differences in symptom and interference levels according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS; P < 0.001) and chemotherapy status (P < 0.05). Fifty‐five percent of the study cohort had ≥ 1 symptom that was considered severe (score ≥ 7 on a 0–10 scale). ECOG PS was strongly associated with symptom burden (total interference score: R2 = 0.26; P < 0.001). Fatigue, sadness, drowsiness, and lack of appetite accounted for most of the variability in the total interference score (R2 = 0.49; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe authors demonstrated that the MDASI‐C is a valid, reliable, and concise tool for measuring symptom severity and interference with functioning in Chinese cancer patients. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The relationship between breast density and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women
Authors: Buist Diana S. M. , Anderson Melissa L. , Taplin Stephen H. , LaCroix Andrea Z. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is not well understood whether breast density is a marker of cumulative exposure to estrogen or a marker of recent exposure to estrogen. The authors examined the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD; a marker of lifetime estrogen exposure) and breast density.METHODSThe authors conducted a cross‐sectional analysis among 1800 postmenopausal women ≥ 54 years. BMD data were taken from two population‐based studies conducted in 1992–1993 (n = 1055) and in 1998–1999 (n = 753). The authors linked BMD data with breast density information collected as part of a mammography screening program. They used linear regression to evaluate the density relationship, adjusted for age, hormone therapy use, body mass index (BMI), and reproductive covariates.RESULTSThere was a small but significant negative association between BMD and breast density. The negative correlation between density measures was not explained by hormone therapy or age, and BMI was the only covariate that notably influenced the relationship. Stratification by BMI only revealed the negative correlation between bone and breast densities in women with normal BMI. There was no relationship in overweight or obese women. The same relationship was seen for all women who had never used hormone therapy, but it was not significant once stratified by BMI.CONCLUSIONSBMD and breast density were not positively associated although both are independently associated with estrogen exposure. It is likely that unique organ responses obscure the relationship between the two as indicators of cumulative estrogen exposure. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Distribution and development of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (elasmobranchs)
Authors: Sueiro Catalina , Carrera Iván , Molist Pilar , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel , Anadón Ramón 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe adult distribution and development of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐synthesizing cells and fibers in the spinal cord of the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) was studied by means of immunohistochemistry using antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Complementary immunostaining with antibodies against GABA, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and HuC/HuD (members of the Hu/Elav family of RNA‐associated proteins) and staining with a reduced silver procedure (“en bloc” Bielschowski method), Nissl, and hematoxylin were also used. In adults, GAD‐immunoreactive (GAD‐ir) cells were observed in the ventral horns, in the spinal nucleus of the dorsal horn, at the base of the dorsal horns, and around the central canal, where some GAD‐ir cells were cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c). In addition, a few GAD‐ir cells were observed in the lateral funiculus between the ventral horn and the marginal nucleus. The adult spinal cord was richly innervated by GAD‐ir fibers. Large numbers of GAD‐ir fibers and boutons were observed in the dorsal and ventral horns and also interstitially in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculi. In addition, a rich GAD‐ir innervation was observed in the marginal nucleus of the spinal cord. In the embryonic spinal cord, GAD‐ir cells develop very early: The earliest cells were observed in the very thin mantle/marginal layer of stage 22 embryos in a short length of the spinal cord. At stages 25 and 26, several types of GAD‐ir cells (commissural and noncommissural) were distinguished, and two of these cells were of CSF‐c type. At stages 28, 30, and 31, the GAD‐ir populations exhibited a marked longitudinal columnar organization. Double‐immunolabeling experiments in embryos showed the presence of two different GAD‐ir CSF‐c cell populations, one ventral that is simultaneously TH‐ir and other more dorsal that is TH‐negative. By stage 33 (prehatching), GAD‐expressing cells are present in virtually all loci, as in adults, especially in the ventral horn and base of the dorsal horn. The present results for the lesser spotted dogfish suggest an important role for γ‐aminobutyric acid in sensory and motor circuits of the spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:189–206, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermodynamic Properties and Plasma Phase Transition in dense Hydrogen
Authors: Filinov V. S. , Bonitz M. , Fortov V. E. , Ebeling W. , Levashov P. , Schlanges M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe internal energy and equation of state of dense hydrogen are investigated by direct path integral Monte Carlo method simulations which are further improved in comparison to our previous results. Data for four isotherms –T= 10, 000K, 30, 000K, 50, 000K, and 100, 000K – are presented. ForT= 10, 000K it is shown that the internal energy is lowered due to droplet formation for densities of the order 1023cm–3giving direct support for the existence of a plasma phase transition in megabar hydrogen. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Decade of Aerothermal Plasma Research at the von Karman Institute
Authors: Bottin B. , Carbonaro M. , Chazot O. , Degrez G. , Vanden Abeele D. , Barbante P. , Paris S. , Van Der Haegen V. , Magin Th. , Playez M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe paper presents an overview of the aerothermal plasma simulation facilities in use at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics and the main research topics that have been followed during 10 years of work in the field. Both numerical simulation of plasma flows and experimental techniques are addressed, with an emphasis of the methodology which allows to relate measurements in the facilities to flight conditions of a space vehicle (re‐)entering a planetary atmosphere. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isotope Effect of H–/D– Volume Production in Low‐Pressure H2/D2 Plasmas – Measurement of VUV Emissions and Negative Ion Densities
Authors: Fukumasa O. , Mori S. , Nakada N. , Tauchi Y. , Hamabe M. , Tsumori K. , Takeiri Y. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIsotope effect on H–/D– volume production is studied by measuring both VUV emission and negative ion density in the source. In a double plasma type source, under some discharge conditions, extracted D– currents are nearly the same as H– currents, although VUV emission intensity (corresponding to production of vibrationally excited molecules) in D2 plasmas is slightly lower than that in H2 plasmas. Considering the factor √2 due to mass difference, D– ion density in the extraction region of the source is higher than H– ion density. In another experiment with a rectangular arc chamber, axial distributions of H–/D– ion densities in the source are measured directly using a laser photodetachment method. Relationship between H–/D– production and plasma parameter control with using a magnetic filter (MF) is discussed. Furthermore, relative intensities of extracted negative ion currents are discussed compared with the negative ion densities in the source. Production and control of D2 plasmas are well realized with the MF including good combination between the filament position and field intensity of the MF. Extracted H– and D– currents depend directly on negative ion densities in the source. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prospects of Phase Resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopy as a Powerful Diagnostic Tool for RF‐Discharges
Authors: Gans T. , Schulz‐von der Gathen V. , Döbele H. F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPhase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES) bears considerable potential for diagnostics of RF discharges that give detailed insight of spatial and temporal variations of excitation processes. Based on phase and space resolved measurements of the population dynamics of excited states several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Results for a hydrogen capacitively coupled RF (CCRF) discharge are discussed as an example. The gas temperature, the degree of dissociation and the temporally and spatially resolved electron energy distribution function (EEDF) of energetic electrons (>12eV) are measured. Furthermore, the pulsed electron impact excitation during the field reversal phase, typical for hydrogen CCRF discharges, is exploited for measurements of atomic and molecular data like lifetimes of excited states, coefficients for radiationless collisional de‐excitation (quenching coefficients), and cascading processes from higher electronic states. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large Volume Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharges
Authors: Leys C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA review is given of recent progress in generating large volume glow discharges at atmospheric pressure. A number of applications will be highlighted, along with the issues that need to be resolved in order to meet the criteria for industrial acceptance. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Guided‐Wave‐Produced Plasmas
Authors: Koleva I. , Makasheva K. , Paunska Ts. , Schlüter H. , Shivarova A. , Tarnev Kh. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA review on recent development in self‐consistent description of high‐frequency discharges is presented. The discussions are based on fluid models of travelling‐wave‐sustained plasmas and results for the axial structure of discharges in different gases. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Magnetised Plasma‐Wall Transition: Theory and PIC Simulation
Authors: Tskhakaya D. , Kuhn S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe consider the plasma‐wall boundary conditions in the presence of a strong magnetic field and discuss realistic examples when they can strongly deviate from the well‐accepted classical ones. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of NMP179 for the detection of squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in ThinPrep cervical slides using a combination of double immunostaining and morphometric methods of analysis
Authors: Al‐Awadhi Rana , Van Noorden Susan , V. Coleman Dulcie 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis study investigates the potential value of the nuclear matrix protein NMP179 as a marker of abnormal squamous cells in ThinPrep slides. Forty‐six cervical scrapes were collected as cell suspensions and ThinPrep slides were prepared. They were double‐immunostained for NMP179 and Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), an endocervical cell marker. The method of analysis adopted for the study was designed to distinguish the abnormal squamous cells from benign epithelial cell so that the percentages of abnormal squamous cells that expressed the marker could accurately be determined. Initially, an attempt was made to identify benign and abnormal cells in the ThinPrep slides on the basis of their morphology and immunostaining patterns. Discrimination between the various types of epithelial cells was incomplete using this approach and a more precise method of discrimination between the different epithelial cell types was carried out using a combination of double immunostaining (NMP179 and CK18) and morphometry using nuclear area and nuclear cytoplasmic ratios. Once the different epithelial cell types had been identified, the specificity and sensitivity of NMP179 were determined. The optimal sensitivity (89.9%) was achieved at the N/C ratio 0.36; however, the specificity of NMP179 was very low for all N/C ratios and ranged from 38.8% to 42.2%. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:135–140. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology findings from a case of pancreatic heterotopia at the gastroesophageal junction
Authors: Rodriguez Fausto J. , Abraham Susan C. , Allen Mark S. , Sebo Thomas J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPancreatic heterotopia is a well‐recognized entity occurring at a variety of sites in the gastrointestinal tract. However, only a handful of patients have been described with this abnormality at the gastroesophageal junction. Cytologic descriptions of pancreatic heterotopia in general are scant in the literature. We report the cytologic findings of ectopic pancreatic tissue at the gastroesophageal junction in a 41‐year‐old female, which was initially identified by endoscopic ultrasound and fine‐needle aspiration. Cytologic examination of Papanicolaou‐stained smears revealed clusters of benign‐appearing ducts and small acini mixed with inflammatory cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the Tru‐Cut biopsy revealed benign pancreatic tissue. The patient underwent surgical resection due to symptoms related to inflammation of the heterotopic pancreatic tissue. The increasing use of endoscopic ultrasound and fine‐needle aspiration for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors makes the recognition of pseudoneoplastic lesions at unusual sites an important step in optimum patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:175–179. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics method with cubic‐spline interpolation for open channel flow computation
Authors: Tsai Tung‐Lin , Chiang Shih‐Wei , Yang Jinn‐Chuang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn the framework of the specified‐time‐interval scheme, the accuracy of the characteristic method is greatly related to the form of the interpolation. The linear interpolation was commonly used to couple the characteristics method (LI method) in open channel flow computation. The LI method is easy to implement, but it leads to an inevitable smoothing of the solution. The characteristics method with the Hermite cubic interpolation (HP method, originally developed by Holly and Preissmann, 1977) was then proposed to largely reduce the error induced by the LI method. In this paper, the cubic‐spline interpolation on the space line or on the time line is employed to integrate with characteristics method (CS method) for unsteady flow computation in open channel. Two hypothetical examples, including gradually and rapidly varied flows, are used to examine the applicability of the CS method as compared with the LI method, the HP method, and the analytical solutions. The simulated results show that the CS method is comparable to the HP method and more accurate than the LI method. Without tackling the additional equations for spatial or temporal derivatives, the CS method is easier to implement and more efficient than the HP method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined fictitious domain/adaptive meshing method for fluid–structure interaction in heart valves
Authors: van Loon R. , Anderson P. D. , de Hart J. , Baaijens F. P. T. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA new approach for modelling the fluid‐structure interaction of flexible heart valves is proposed. Using a finite element method, a Lagrangian description of a non‐linear solid and an Eulerian description of a fluid are coupled by a Lagrange multiplier. This multiplier allows the solid and fluid mesh to be non‐conform. Solid displacements and fluid velocities are described well in such a fictitious domain approach. However, the accuracy of pressures and shear stresses in the vicinity of the solid are poor. Therefore an inexpensive mesh‐adaptation algorithm is applied, which adapts the fluid mesh to the position of the solid mesh every time step. This minor adjustment of the fluid mesh makes it possible to sustain a physiological pressure gradient across a solid leaflet. Furthermore, shear stresses can be computed at both sides of the leaflet. The method is demonstrated for a 2D example, however with a scope to 3D modelling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of three contingent valuation question formats in south‐east Nigeria
Authors: Onwujekwe Obinna , Fox‐Rushby Julia , Hanson Kara 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the inter‐rater and test–retest reliability of willingness to pay (WTP) for insecticide‐treated mosquito nets and net re‐treatment using the bidding game (BG), binary with follow‐up (BWFU) and a novel structured haggling technique (SH). Inter‐rater reliability was evaluated by having two sets of interviewers administer questionnaires to 109 (BG), 110 (BWFU) and 103 (SH) randomly selected household heads. Test–retest reliability was investigated by repeating interviews on 146 (BG), 161 (BWFU) and 139 (SH) household heads one month after an initial survey. Data analysis used testing of means, Spearman's correlation and Pearson's correlation coefficient for test of reliability, while non‐parametric analysis was used to determine factors causing a variation in WTP. The study was conducted in Southeast Nigeria. Inter‐rater reliability coefficients were estimated for the individual's WTP for own nets, WTP for others and WTP for re‐treatment. Using WTP for own nets as the best reliability estimate, the coefficients were high at values of 0.77 (C.I. 0.72–0.86), 0.75 (C.I. 0.64–0.81) and 0.74 (C.I. 0.63–0.82) in the BG, BWFU and SH, respectively. In test–retest reliability coefficients, the coefficients for WTP for own nets were low‐to‐moderate at values of 0.51 (C.I. 0.40–0.62), 0.41 (C.I. 0.28–0.53) and 0.56 (C.I. 0.41–0.65) for the BG, BWFU and SH groups, respectively. Factors such as gender, change in income, unplanned expenditures, stated WTP in first survey, time‐to‐think, external information, and subjecting respondents to more than one interview explained the lower test–retest reliability coefficients. We conclude that the CVM was reliable in the study area and the question formats had similar levels of reliability. The lower coefficients in the test–retest reliability were due to the influence of factors affecting demand that had changed in the intervening period. Standard formats for determining reliability within CVM should be developed for easy comparison of results from different studies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.