bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, variation and assembly of body‐wide microbiomes in endangered crested ibisNipponia nippon
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ma Ruifeng , Hu Lei , Yang Haiqiong , Gong Haizhou , He Ke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLimited knowledge of bird microbiome in the all‐body niche hinders our understanding of host–microbial relationships and animal health. Here, we characterized the microbial composition of the crested ibis from 13 body sites, representing the cloaca, oral, feather and skin habitats, and explored assembly mechanism structuring the bacterial community of the four habitats respectively. The bacterial community characteristics were distinct among the four habitats. The skin harboured the highest alpha diversity and most diverse functions, followed by feather, oral and cloaca. Individual‐specific features were observed when the skin and feathers were concentrated independently. Skin and feather samples of multiple body sites from the same individual were more similar than those from different individuals. Although a significant proportion of the microbiota in the host (85.7%–96.5%) was not derived from the environmental microbiome, as body sites became more exposed to the environment, the relative importance of neutral processes (random drift or dispersal) increased. Neutral processes were the most important contributor in shaping the feather microbiome communities (R2 = .859). A higher percentage of taxa (29.3%) on the skin were selected by hosts compared to taxa on other body habitats. This study demonstrated that niche speciation and partial neutral processes, rather than environmental sources, contribute to microbiome variation in the crested ibis. These results enhance our knowledge of baseline microbial diversity in birds and will aid health management in crested ibises in the future.
Real‐time ergonomic risk assessment in construction using a co‐learning‐powered 3D human pose estimation model
Authors: Chen Wang , Gu Donglian , Ke Jintao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWork‐related musculoskeletal disorders pose significant health risks to construction workers, making it essential to monitor their postures and identify physical exposure to mitigate these risks. This study presents a novel framework for real‐time ergonomic risk assessment of workers in construction environments. Specifically, this study develops a lightweight human pose estimation (HPE) model with a residual log‐likelihood estimation head and adopts pose‐tracking technology to enable real‐time recognition of workers’ three‐dimensional (3D) postures. In particular, this study proposes a novel co‐learning method that enables the HPE model to learn two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D features from multi‐dimension datasets simultaneously, substantially enhancing the model's ability to capture 3D postures from 2D images. The proposed framework facilitates real‐time ergonomic risk assessment, reducing potential risks to construction workers and offering promising practical applications.
Facilitative and competitive interactions between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants in an extremely phosphorus‐impoverished environment: role of ectomycorrhizal fungi and native oomycete pathogens in shaping species coexistence
Authors: Gille Clément E. , Finnegan Patrick M. , Hayes Patrick E. , Ranathunge Kosala , Burgess Treena I. , de Tombeur Félix , Migliorini Duccio , Dallongeville Paul , Glauser Gaétan , Lambers Hans 
Published: December 2023

Summary

Nonmycorrhizal cluster root‐forming species enhance the phosphorus (P) acquisition of mycorrhizal neighbours in P‐impoverished megadiverse systems. However, whether mycorrhizal plants facilitate the defence of nonmycorrhizal plants against soil‐borne pathogens, in return and via their symbiosis, remains unknown.

We characterised growth and defence‐related compounds in Banksia menziesii (nonmycorrhizal) and Eucalyptus todtiana (ectomycorrhizal, ECM) seedlings grown either in monoculture or mixture in a multifactorial glasshouse experiment involving ECM fungi and native oomycete pathogens.

Roots of B. menziesii had higher levels of phytohormones (salicylic and jasmonic acids, jasmonoyl‐isoleucine and 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid) than E. todtiana which further activated a salicylic acid‐mediated defence response in roots of B. menziesii, but only in the presence of ECM fungi. We also found that B. menziesii induced a shift in the defence strategy of E. todtiana, from defence‐related secondary metabolites (phenolic and flavonoid) towards induced phytohormone response pathways.

We conclude that ECM fungi play a vital role in the interactions between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants in a severely P‐impoverished environment, by introducing a competitive component within the facilitation interaction between the two plant species with contrasting nutrient‐acquisition strategies. This study sheds light on the interplay between beneficial and detrimental soil microbes that shape plant–plant interaction in severely nutrient‐impoverished ecosystems.
Demonstration of direct immunofluorescence on three substrates in a case of pemphigus
Authors: Sahadevan Geethanjali , Skaria Lissy , Vineetha Mary , Sainulabdeen Sheeja 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDirect immunofluorescence (DIF) on skin is considered as the gold standard in the diagnosis of pemphigus. However, alternate substrates can be used. We demonstrate DIF on three substrates, skin biopsy specimen, anagen hair and scrapings of oral erosions. Collection of alternative substrates can be more acceptable to young patients as it is less invasive. It may also be used to detect relapses in cases of pemphigus.
A study of Klisinema koreana sp. nov. (Desertifilaceae, Cyanobacteria) from the Republic of Korea based on morphological, ecological and molecular analyses
Authors: Kim So‐Won , Lee Nam‐Ju , Song Ji‐Ho , Lee Ok‐Min 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYGenus Klisinema (Desertifilaceae, Desertifilales) has only one species, Klisinema persicum, reported worldwide, and this species was found in soils around thermal springs (50°C) of high radiation regions. Simple filament cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Klisinema were collected from Korea, and cultured samples were studied through morphological, ecological and molecular analyses. Both Korean K. persicum and Klisinema koreana were found as epilithic species in freshwater gravel, which have different ecological characteristics from previously reported K. persicum. As a result of morphological analysis, keritomized cytoplasm was observed in K. koreana, and this feature was also newly observed in K. persicum that was discovered in Korea. In addition, K. koreana has a larger width/length ratio compared to K. persicum, and both species have an irregular thylakoid arrangement. Furthermore, as a result of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, the genus Klisinema formed a monophyletic lineage, and K. koreana strains were clearly separated from K. persicum strains to form a phylogenetic tree. Moreover, when comparing the secondary structure of the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer region, K. koreana has a structural difference from K. persicum, especially in the structure of the Box‐B helix. Therefore, Klisinema koreana sp. nov. was proposed as a new species belonging to the genus Klisinema of family Desertifilaceae.
The Moisture Content of Textiles and Some of its Effects
Authors: Hartshorne William D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With materials as valuable as silk, wool, flax and cotton, and such of their products as are sold by weight, the actual weighing of the moisture they may happen to contain at the time of sale is of evident importance to both buyer and seller, when it is once understood what slight changes of circumstances can cause a loss or gain in weight involving thousands of dollars in many every-day transactions.
When such materials are bought and sold on a conditioned weight basis, the standard dry weight of a shipment is obtained, upon which certain percentages of “regain” or added weight are allowed, varying with the hygroscopic capacity of each class of material. The author, after an investigation covering a period of over twenty years, has developed a set of laws governing regain in cotton and worsted, which are set forth in the paper with particulars regarding their derivation, and are accompanied by numerous charts and tables for facilitating calculations.
Long-term evaluation of faecal calprotectin levels in a European cohort of children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Roca Maria , Masip Etna , Colombo Carla , Boon Mieke , Hulst Jessie M , Garriga María , de Koning Barbara A E , Bulfamante Anna , de Boeck Kris , Ribes-Koninckx Carmen , Calvo-Lerma Joaquim 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveIntestinal inflammation with contradictory data on faecal calprotectin (fCP) levels is documented in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate fCP in a cohort of children with CF and their relationship with clinical variables.DesignProspective observational study to assess evolution of fCP levels, primary aimed at improving fat absorption. Along 1.5 years of follow-up (November 2016–May 2018) with four study visits pertaining to a pilot study (two of four) and to a clinical trial (two of four), the study outcomes were measured.SettingSix European CF centres in the context of MyCyFAPP Project.SubjectsChildren with CF and pancreatic insufficiency (2–18 years old).Main outcome measurementsfCP levels, pulmonary function (percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%)) and coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). Additionally, in the last two visits, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were evaluated through the PedsQL-GI Questionnaire. Linear mixed regression models were applied to assess association between fCP and FEV1, CFA and GI symptoms.ResultsTwenty-nine children with CF and pancreatic insufficiency were included. fCP levels were inversely associated with total modified specific PedsQL-GI score (p=0.04) and positively associated with diarrhoea (p=0.03), but not with CFA. Along the four study visits, fCP significantly increased (from 62 to 256 µg/g) and pulmonary function decreased (from 97% to 87%), with a significant inverse association between the two study outcomes (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn children with CF, fCP levels are inversely associated with pulmonary function and thus the specificity of fCP as a marker of intestinal inflammation in paediatric patients with CF warrants further investigation.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a physician global assessment for type 2 systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms
Authors: Clowse Megan E B , Rogers Jennifer L , Coles Theresa , Pisetsky David S , Criscione-Schreiber Lisa G , Burshell Dana , Doss Jayanth , Sadun Rebecca E , Sun Kai , Maheswaranathan Mithu , Eudy Amanda M 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveManifestations of SLE can be categorised as type 1 (classic signs and symptoms of SLE) or type 2 (fatigue, widespread pain and brain fog with an unclear relationship to inflammation). While measures of type 1 SLE activity exist, most current physician-reported measures do not encompass type 2 SLE manifestations. To better evaluate type 2 SLE symptoms, we developed and psychometrically evaluated a physician-reported measure of type 2 symptoms, the Type 2 Physician Global Assessment (‘Type 2 PGA’).Methods and analysisThe Type 2 PGA was developed and evaluated by six rheumatologists practising in the same academic lupus clinic. The study began with a roundtable discussion to establish consensus guidelines for scoring the Type 2 PGA. Following the roundtable, the Type 2 PGA was psychometrically evaluated using data prospectively collected from 263 patients with SLE enrolled in the Duke Lupus Registry.ResultsThere was strong intra-rater and inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.83), indicating the Type 2 PGA scores were consistent within a rheumatologist and across rheumatologists. The Type 2 PGA was correlated with patient-reported symptoms of polysymptomatic distress (r=0.76), fatigue (r=0.68), cognitive dysfunction (r=0.63), waking unrefreshed (r=0.62) and forgetfulness (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with the Type 1 PGA and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.ConclusionThe Type 2 PGA performed well as a physician-reported measure of type 2 SLE symptoms. The incorporation of the Type 2 PGA into a routine rheumatology visit may improve patient care by bringing the provider’s attention to certain symptoms not well represented in conventional measures of disease activity.
Many-body correlations for nuclear physics across scales: from nuclei to quark-gluon plasmas to hadron distributions
Authors: Giacalone Giuliano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is an experimental fact that multi-particle correlations in the final states of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are sensitive to collective correlations of nucleons in the wave functions of the colliding nuclei. Here, I show that this connection is more direct than it intuitively seems. With an energy deposition scheme inspired by high-energy quantum chromodynamics, and within a linearized description of initial-state fluctuations in the quark-gluon plasma, I exhibit relations between N-particle correlations in the final states of nuclear collisions and N-nucleon density distributions in the colliding nuclei. This result formally justifies the sensitivity of the outcome of high-energy collisions to features such as nuclear deformations. It paves the way, thus, to systematic studies of the impact of state-of-the-art nuclear interactions in such processes.
On bilinear superintegrability for monomial matrix models in pure phase
Authors: Chan C.-T. , Mishnyakov V. , Popolitov A. , Tsybikov K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe argue that the recently discovered bilinear superintegrability http://arxiv.org/2206.02045 generalizes, in a non-trivial way, to monomial matrix models in pure phase. The structure is much richer: for the trivial core Schur functions required modifications are minor, and the only new ingredient is a certain (contour-dependent) permutation matrix; for non-trivial-core Schur functions, in both bi-linear and tri-linear averages the deformation is more complicated: averages acquire extra N-dependent factors and selection rule is less straightforward to imply.
Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota Predicts Treatment Response in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Rodríguez-García Alba , Arroyo Andrés , García-Vicente Roberto , Morales María Luz , Gómez-Gordo Rubén , Justo Pablo , Cuéllar Clara , Sánchez-Pina José , López Nieves , Alonso Rafael , Puig Noemí , Mateos María-Victoria , Ayala Rosa , Gómez-Garre Dulcenombre , Martínez-López Joaquín , Linares María 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The gut microbiota plays important roles in health and disease. We questioned whether the gut microbiota and related metabolites are altered in monoclonal gammopathies and evaluated their potential role in multiple myeloma and its response to treatment.

Experimental Design:
We used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize and compare the gut microbiota of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n = 11), smoldering multiple myeloma (n = 9), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (n = 11), relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (n = 6), or with complete remission (n = 9). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified in serum and tested in cell lines. Relevant metabolites were validated in a second cohort of 62 patients.

Results:
Significant differences in alpha- and beta diversity were present across the groups and both were lower in patients with relapse/refractory disease and higher in patients with complete remission after treatment. Differences were found in the abundance of several microbiota taxa across disease progression and in response to treatment. Bacteria involved in SCFA production, including Prevotella, Blautia, Weissella, and Agathobacter, were more represented in the premalignant or complete remission samples, and patients with higher levels of Agathobacter showed better overall survival. Serum levels of butyrate and propionate decreased across disease progression and butyrate was positively associated with a better response. Both metabolites had antiproliferative effects in multiple myeloma cell lines.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate that SCFAs metabolites and the gut microbiota associated with their production might have beneficial effects in disease evolution and response to treatment, underscoring its therapeutic potential and value as a predictor.
CD46-Targeted Theranostics for PET and 225Ac-Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wadhwa Anju , Wang Sinan , Patiño-Escobar Bonell , Bidkar Anil P. , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Chan Emily , Meher Niranjan , Bidlingmaier Scott , Su Yang , Dhrona Suchi , Geng Huimin , Sarin Vishesh , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Wilson David M. , He Jiang , Zhang Li , Steri Veronica , Wong Sandy W. , Martin Thomas G. , Seo Youngho , Liu Bin , Wiita Arun P. , Flavell Robert R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with an unmet clinical need for improved imaging methods and therapeutics. Recently, we identified CD46 as an overexpressed therapeutic target in multiple myeloma and developed the antibody YS5, which targets a cancer-specific epitope on this protein. We further developed the CD46-targeting PET probe [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 for imaging and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 for radiopharmaceutical therapy of prostate cancer. These prior studies suggested the feasibility of the CD46 antigen as a theranostic target in multiple myeloma. Herein, we validate [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 for immunoPET imaging and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 for radiopharmaceutical therapy of multiple myeloma in murine models.

Experimental Design:
In vitro saturation binding was performed using the CD46 expressing MM.1S multiple myeloma cell line. ImmunoPET imaging using [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 was performed in immunodeficient (NSG) mice bearing subcutaneous and systemic multiple myeloma xenografts. For radioligand therapy, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 was prepared, and both dose escalation and fractionated dose treatment studies were performed in mice bearing MM1.S-Luc systemic xenografts. Tumor burden was analyzed using BLI, and body weight and overall survival were recorded to assess antitumor effect and toxicity.

Results:
[89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 demonstrated high affinity for CD46 expressing MM.1S multiple myeloma cells (Kd = 16.3 nmol/L). In vitro assays in multiple myeloma cell lines demonstrated high binding, and bioinformatics analysis of human multiple myeloma samples revealed high CD46 expression. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 PET/CT specifically detected multiple myeloma lesions in a variety of models, with low uptake in controls, including CD46 knockout (KO) mice or multiple myeloma mice using a nontargeted antibody. In the MM.1S systemic model, localization of uptake on PET imaging correlated well with the luciferase expression from tumor cells. A treatment study using [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 in the MM.1S systemic model demonstrated a clear tumor volume and survival benefit in the treated groups.

Conclusions:
Our study showed that the CD46-targeted probe [89Zr]Zr-DFO-YS5 can successfully image CD46-expressing multiple myeloma xenografts in murine models, and [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-YS5 can effectively inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma. These results demonstrate that CD46 is a promising theranostic target for multiple myeloma, with the potential for clinical translation.
Life's Essential 8 and Incident Hypertension Among US Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Tremblay Julien , Bello Natalie A. , Mesa Robert A. , Schneiderman Neil , Rundek Tatjana , Testai Fernando D. , Pirzada Amber , Daviglus Martha , Perreira Krista M. , Gallo Linda C. , Penedo Frank , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Elfassy Tali 
Published: December 2023

Background
Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is a new metric to define cardiovascular health. We aimed to describe LE8 among Hispanics/Latinos and its association with incident hypertension.

Methods and Results

The HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) is a study of Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18 to 74 years from 4 US communities. At visit 1 (2008–2011), information on behavioral and clinical factors (diet, smoking status, physical activity, sleep duration, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting glucose, and medication use) were measured and used to estimate an LE8 score (range, 0–100) for 14 772 participants. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self‐reported use of antihypertensive medications. Among the 5667 participants free from hypertension at visit 1, we used Poisson regression models to determine the multivariable adjusted association between LE8 and incident hypertension in 2014 to 2017. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of the study. Mean population age was 41 years, and 21.6% (SE, 0.7) had high cardiovascular health (LE8 ≥80). Mean LE8 score (68.2; SE, 0.3) varied by Hispanic/Latino background (
P
<0.05), ranging from 72.6 (SE, 0.3) among Mexican Americans to 62.2 (SE, 0.4) among Puerto Ricans. Each 10‐unit decrement in LE8 score was associated with a 22% increased risk of hypertension over ≈6 years (incident density ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.16–1.29]).

Conclusions
Only 1 in 5 Hispanic/Latino adults had high cardiovascular health, and LE8 varied substantially across Hispanic/Latino background groups. Improvements in other components of cardiovascular health may result in a lower risk of developing hypertension.