bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary notes regarding early 10th century cereal production by the first Hungarian settlers
Authors: Gyulai F. 
Published: August 2004

Archaeobotany, the study of plant macrofossils (seeds and fruits) obtained from archaeological excavations, becomes particularly important when there is very little or no archaeological, written or iconographical material available about the cultivation of the plants found. This is particularly the case in relation to the early Hungarian settlers. The most significant event of the 10th century in the Carpathian Basin was the Hungarian conquest, yet this is the most fiercely debated period of Hungarian history, and the subject, in some cases, of extreme views. The information available on the way of life of the early Hungarians is very sparse, especially as regards farming and crop production skills. The conquering Hungarians were “semi-nomadic”. This may equally include mobile pastoralism and a limited extent of tillage and plant cultivation. Other archaeobotanical evidence suggests that the early Hungarians were not nomadic. There are very few seed remains directly relevant to the period of the Hungarian Conquest: the leading strata of early Hungarian society probably practised mobile pastoralism of a fundamentally Turkish character. It can be presumed that plant cultivation was the occupation assigned to common people who pursued a more sedentary way of life. It was probably these people whose plant remains were found in Lébény-Billedomb (near Gyor) in 1993 and are presented in this paper. This is the first evidence of plant cultivation by the early Hungarians. The finds from the 10th century settlement are rich in cereal species such as common wheat, barley, rye and millet.
Protein composition in different phases obtained by the ultracentrifugation of dough
Authors: Kuktaite R. , Larsson H. , Johansson E. 
Published: August 2004

Ultracentrifugation was used as a non-destructive method to separate dough into liquid, gel, gluten, starch and bottom phases. The protein composition in the different phases was investigated for dough prepared from spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The SDS-PAGE, SE-HPLC and RP-HPLC methods were used for the analysis. The wheat protein composition of the liquid and gel phases consisted of albumins, globulins and traces of gliadins and glutenins. The gluten phase contained proteins extractable with all the extraction buffers used. A similar protein composition was found in the starch and bottom phases, but in considerably lower amounts. Specific LMW glutenin subunits were identified in the gluten phase by RP-HPLC. The albumin composition differed in the gel phase compared to the gluten and bottom phases. Differences in protein composition due to mixing methods were detected only for the albumin composition in the liquid phases.
Saturated chain partitions in ranked partially ordered sets, and non-monotone symmetric 11-Venn diagrams
Authors: Hamburger Peter , Petruska György , Sali Attila 
Published: August 2004

In this paper we show that there are at least 2110 non-isomorphic 11-doilies, that is, there are many non-isomorphic symmetric, non-simple, non-monotone 11-Venn diagrams, with "many" vertices. We do not achieve the maximum vertex set size, 2046, but we approach it closely, improving from the previous 462 in [10] to 1837. The doilies constructed here cannot be constructed by either of the methods of [10] or [6]. The main purpose of this paper is not to publish these attractive diagrams but to inspire new studies by raising ideas, methods, questions, and conjectures, hoping for results analogous to those generated in [10]. These ideas connect two seemingly distant areas of mathematics: a special area of combinatorial geometry, namely, certain families of simple closed Jordan curves in the plane, and the study of ranked partially ordered sets or posets.
Implant Plastic Surgery: A Review and Rationale
Authors: Kazor Christopher E. , Al-Shammari Khalaf , Sarment David P. , Misch Carl E. , Wang Hom-Lay 
Published: August 2004

AbstractImplant dentistry has been established as a predictable treatment modality with high clinical success rates. Esthetic considerations of implant restorations have been gaining increased interest over the years. The role of periodontal plastic surgical procedures in the creation and maintenance of peri-implant soft tissue heights to facilitate better esthetics has become more popular. The available plastic surgery procedures and their clinical applications are reviewed in this article. Emphasis is placed on factors to consider for proper case selection and ideal treatment planning.
Finite Element Analysis of an Osseointegrated Stepped Screw Dental Implant
Authors: Geng J. P. , Xu W. , Tan K. B. C. , Liu G. R. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
An osseointegrated stepped screw dental implant was evaluated using 2-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The implant was modeled in a cross section of the posterior human mandible digitized from a computed tomography (CT) generated patient data set. A 15-mm regular platform (RP) Branemark implant with equivalent length and neck diameter was used as a control. The study was performed under a number of clinically relevant parameters: loading at the top of the transmucosal abutment in vertical, horizontal, and 45° oblique 3 orientations. Elastic moduli of the mandible varied from a normal cortical bone level (13.4 GPa) to a trabecular bone level (1.37 GPa). The study indicated that an oblique load and elastic moduli of the cortical bone are important parameters to the implant design optimization. Compared with the cylindrical screw implant, the maximum von Mises stress of the stepped screw implant model was 17.9% lower in the trabecular bone-implant area. The study also showed that the stepped screw implant is suitable for the cortical bone modulus from 10 to 13.4 GPa, which is not necessarily as strict as the Branemark implant, for which a minimum 13.4 GPa cortical bone modulus is recommended.
An Instrument for the Optimal Guiding of Osseointegrated Dental Implants
Authors: Juodzbalys Gintaras , Raustia Aune M. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design an instrument for the optimal guiding of osseointegrated implants intraoperatively to achieve parallelism or desired angulations. Seven patients (4 males and 3 females) were enrolled in the investigation. They ranged in age from 44 to 61 years. Using an instrument designed by the senior author that permitted optimal guiding of the osteotomy instruments (33 Osteofix Oy, Oulu, Finland) we placed in these patients, root form, single stage implants. The difference in angulations between the first and the remaining implants was measured using the abutment replicas on the working models. It was found that the mean deviation angle between the first and the adjacent implant replicas was 2.2° (SD = 0.4°). The largest deviation angles were 2.3° (SD = 0.5°) and 3.1° (SD = 0.8°). The study indicated that the instrument had been designed in a functional manner and that all implants in such relationships can be inserted into their desired positions, either parallel to one another or with the desired angle for the planned prostheses.
Simultaneous prediction of crystal shape and size for solution crystallization
Authors: Zhang Yongchun , Doherty Michael F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCrystals experience changes in both size and shape during growth. A method is developed for the simultaneous prediction of crystal shape evolution and size distribution for solution crystallization processes by combining shape evolution modeling and population balance modeling techniques. When surface integration is the rate‐controlling step and each face grows by the same mechanism (for example, the screw dislocation mechanism), the relative growth rates of crystal faces are constant, and the crystal volume can be represented by a piecewise smooth function of the crystal size. The process can then be described by a simple 1‐dimensional (1‐D) population balance model linked with the shape evolution model. The current method is applicable to tablet‐shaped crystals with a dominant face of arbitrary initial size and shape. Such crystals can be treated as two‐dimensional (2‐D). A case study of succinic acid crystals grown from water illustrates the applicability and simplicity of the proposed method. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2101–2112, 2004
Genetics of signal transduction and the effect of maternal smoking on sex ratio of offspring
Authors: Bottini Nunzio , Magrini Andrea , Cosmi Erich , Gloria‐Bottini Fulvia , Saccucci Patrizia , Di Iorio Romolo , Bergamaschi Antonio , Bottini Egidio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe investigated the possible effects of ACP1 on the relationship between maternal smoking and sex ratio of offspring. ACP1 is a highly polymorphic enzyme involved in signal transduction of growth factors, glucose metabolism, flavoenzyme activity, and T‐cell activation. A sample of 357 consecutive newborns from the population of Rome and a sample of 362 consecutive newborns from the population of Penne were studied. In both populations, among female newborns from smoking mothers there was a higher proportion of the A phenotype (associated with the lowest enzymatic activity) and a lower proportion of carriers of the *C allele (associated with the highest enzymatic activity) compared to female infants from nonsmoking mothers. In newborns from smoking mothers there was a positive correlation between sex ratio and ACP1 activity. The data suggest intrauterine selection induced by smoke that is dependent on sex and the ACP1 genotype of the zygote. It has been shown that low ACP1 activity is associated with high activity of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase, an enzyme that has an important role in the protection of cellular structures from oxidative damage. Thus, the A phenotype may have a protective effect against oxidative damage by cigarette smoking through an enhancement of glutathione reductase activity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:588–592, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunostimulation and growth faltering in UK infants
Authors: Panter‐Brick C. , Lunn P.G. , Goto R. , Wright C.M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine whether chronic immunostimulation could explain growth faltering in disadvantaged children in the UK, as it does in developing countries such as The Gambia. In all, 216 infants, age 10–21 months, were recruited when blood samples were taken for the routine or clinical purposes of a longitudinal study tracking a larger cohort of children. Aliquots of blood were collected on Guthrie cards to determine blood concentrations of albumin (Alb), α1‐antichymotrypsin (ACT), and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Haemoglobin concentrations were determined by routine hospital laboratory analysis. Heights and weights were measured and converted to z‐scores; birth weights were used with recruitment weight to calculate a ‘thrive index’ for each child. Age‐corrected plasma IgG concentration was negatively associated with both height‐ and weight‐for‐age z‐scores (P = 0.042 and 0.038, respectively) but not with the thrive index or body mass index z‐scores. Blood haemoglobin levels were positively related to height‐ and weight‐for age z‐scores, as well as to the thrive index (P = 0.026, 0.014, and 0.007, respectively). Although significant, these relationships could only account for a small part the observed growth variation. Although the relationships were weak, the results suggest that some of the observed variation in growth of these UK infants may be explained on the basis of persistent immunostimulation or poor iron status. In terms of markers of immunostimulation (Alb, ACT, ACT:Alb ratio, IgG), both absolute levels and relationships with height‐for‐age are substantially different than those previously observed in cohort studies of infants in The Gambia. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:581–587, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energetic and nutritional regulation of the adaptive immune response and trade‐offs in ecological immunology
Authors: Long Kurt Z. , Nanthakumar Nanda 
Published: August 2004

AbstractEcological Immunology views immunocompetence as a costly process involving trade‐off decisions among competing nutrient demands by different life‐history traits. This review examines immunocompetence fitness costs in light of recent work on the role the energetic and nutritional status of the host plays in the regulation of the adaptive T‐helper lymphocyte response. Three phenotypically distinct T‐lymphocyte populations have been identified: the Th1 response, important in protecting against intracellular infections; the Th2 response, important in protecting against noninvasive infections such as helminthes; and the Th3 or Treg population, which downregulates polarized Th1 or Th2 responses. A strong Th1 response is protective against intracellular infections, while a Th2 response is protective against noninvasive infections. Adequate zinc and energy intake leads to a dominant Th1 response and a downregulated Th2 response, while deficiencies of either of these results in activation of the Th2 response and downregulation of the Th1 response. In contrast, adequate vitamin A intake leads to an activated Th2 response and downregulation of the Th1 response, while vitamin A deficiency reverses these patterns. These differential immune regulatory effects of energy and nutrient intake will have distinct effects on specific stages of the natural history of different pathogen infections where the protective roles of the Th1‐Th2 responses are distinct. Accordingly, fitness costs of immunocompetence are more complex than currently proposed since trade‐offs in energetic and nutritional resources produce cross‐regulatory effects on immune system subcomponents. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:499–507, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexistence of melorheostosis and DISH in a female skeleton from Magna Graecia (Sixth Century BC)
Authors: Canci Alessandro , Marchi Damiano , Caramella Davide , Fornaciari Gino , Borgognini Tarli Silvana M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper reports on a case of massive hyperostotic alterations observed in the skeleton of an adult woman from the necropolis of Montescaglioso Belvedere (Basilicata, Southern Italy) attributed to the Enotrian culture and dated to the 6th century BC. Hyperostotic changes involve joints, the vertebral column, and the lower limbs. In particular, the large flowing ossification in both the thoracic (T6–T10) and lumbar (L2–L5) tracts, the sacralization of L5, accompanied by sacroiliac fusion on the left side, and the proliferative bone production on both the metaphyseal portion of the left tibia and the left third metatarsal are described. The vertebral antero‐lateral ossification and the sacroiliac fusion support a diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), while the flowing bone formation on the lower limbs supports a diagnosis of melorheostosis. The pathological conditions described here were already described in the literature, but this is the first reported case of the coexistence of DISH and the very rare melorheostosis. Furthermore, the skeleton from Montescaglioso Belvedere represents the first case of this disease described for ancient Europe, therefore adding a valuable contribution to the reconstruction of the antiquity and distribution of skeletal dysplasias. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Web‐crawling reliability
Authors: Cothey Viv 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this article, I investigate the reliability, in the social science sense, of collecting informetric data about the World Wide Web by Web crawling. The investigation includes a critical examination of the practice of Web crawling and contrasts the results of content crawling with the results of link crawling. It is shown that Web crawling by search engines is intentionally biased and selective. I also report the results of a large‐scale experimental simulation of Web crawling that illustrates the effects of different crawling policies on data collection. It is concluded that the reliability of Web crawling as a data collection technique is improved by fuller reporting of relevant crawling policies.
Dynamic Web log session identification with statistical language models
Authors: Huang Xiangji , Peng Fuchun , An Aijun , Schuurmans Dale 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe present a novel session identification method based on statistical language modeling. Unlike standard timeout methods, which use fixed time thresholds for session identification, we use an information theoretic approach that yields more robust results for identifying session boundaries. We evaluate our new approach by learning interesting association rules from the segmented session files. We then compare the performance of our approach to three standard session identification methods—the standard timeout method, the reference length method, and the maximal forward reference method—and find that our statistical language modeling approach generally yields superior results. However, as with every method, the performance of our technique varies with changing parameter settings. Therefore, we also analyze the influence of the two key factors in our language‐modeling–based approach: the choice of smoothing technique and the language model order. We find that all standard smoothing techniques, save one, perform well, and that performance is robust to language model order.
Firm‐like behavior of journals? Scaling properties of their output and impact growth dynamics
Authors: Havemann Frank , Heinz Michael , Wagner‐Döbler Roland 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn the study of growth dynamics of artificial and natural systems, the scaling properties of fluctuations can exhibit information on the underlying processes responsible for the observed macroscopic behavior according to H.E. Stanley and colleagues (Lee, Amaral, Canning, Meyer, & Stanley, 1998; Plerou, Amaral, Gopikrishnan, Meyer, & Stanley, 1999; Stanley et al., 1996). With such an approach, they examined the growth dynamics of firms, of national economies, and of university research fundings and paper output. We investigated the scaling properties of journal output and impact according to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR; ISI, Philadelphia, PA) and find distributions of paper output and of citations near to lognormality. Growth rate distributions are near to Laplace “tents,” however with a better fit to Subbotin distributions. The width of fluctuations decays with size according to a power law. The form of growth rate distributions seems not to depend on journal size, and conditional probability densities of the growth rates can thus be scaled onto one graph. To some extent even quantitatively, all our results are in agreement with the observations of Stanley and others. Further on, a Matthew effect of journal citations is confirmed. If journals “behave” like business firms, a better understanding of Bradford's Law as a result of competition among publishing houses, journals, and topics suggests itself.
MoF6 and WF6: Nonrigid Molecules?
Authors: Quiñones Gustavo Santiso , Hägele Gerhard , Seppelt Konrad 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCalculations reveal that the octahedral–trigonal prismatic–octahedral rearrangement has particularly low‐energy barriers for MoF6, WF6, and (hypothetical) CrF6. Experimental evidence is obtained from the dynamic 19F NMR spectra of the derivatives CF3CH2OMoF5, CF3CH2OWF5, C6F5OMoF5, C6F5OWF5, and (CF3)3COWF5. The ground‐state structure of all these compounds is octahedral; at elevated temperatures the nonequivalent metal‐bound fluorine atoms undergo an intramolecular exchange. The exchange mechanism could be a 3+3 or a 2+4 twist; calculations favor the 3+3 twist.
Rosiglitazone versus placebo for men with prostate carcinoma and a rising serum prostate‐specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Manola Judith , Kaufman Donald S. , George Daniel , Oh William K. , Mueller Elisabetta , Slovin Susan , Spiegelman Bruce , Small Eric , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to assess the biologic activity of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonist that has been approved to treat type 2 diabetes, in men with recurrent prostate carcinoma using change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT) as the primary outcome variable.METHODSMen with histologically confirmed prostate carcinoma, no recent hormone therapy, a rising serum PSA level after radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy, and no radiographic evidence of metastases were assigned randomly to receive either oral rosiglitazone (4 mg twice daily) or placebo. The treatment was continued until the men developed disease progression or adverse effects. A positive outcome was defined as a posttreatment PSADT > 150% the baseline PSADT and no new metastases.RESULTSOne hundred six men were enrolled. The median treatment duration was 315 days for men in the placebo group and 338 days for men in the rosiglitazone group (P = 0.28). Forty percent of men in the in the placebo group and 38% of men in the rosiglitazone group had a posttreatment PSADT > 150% of the baseline PSADT and no new metastases (P = 1.00). In exploratory analyses, the rate of a positive outcome remained higher than expected in the placebo group, even when a positive outcome was redefined using more stringent criteria. The time to disease progression was similar between the groups.CONCLUSIONSRosiglitazone did not increase PSADT or prolong the time to disease progression more than placebo in men with a rising PSA level after radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy. The unexpected discordance between baseline and posttreatment PSADT in the placebo group reinforced the importance of randomized controlled trials in this setting. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.