bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of osteogenic protein‐1 (BMP‐7) on gene expression of BMP and GDF family members during differentiation of the mouse MC615 chondrocyte cells
Authors: Yeh Lee‐Chuan C. , Mallein‐Gerin Frederic , Lee John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mRNA expression patterns of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) in long‐term cultures of the clonal mouse chondrocyte cell line MC615 were examined. Distinct spatial and temporal patterns of expression of BMPs and GDFs were observed. The temporal orders of expression were correlated with those of several biochemical markers characteristic of chondrocytic cell differentiation. BMP‐1, ‐2, ‐5, and ‐6 mRNA expression increased throughout the chondrogenic process and BMP‐4 mRNA expression was not changed. GDF‐1 and ‐3 mRNA expression increased throughout the chondrogenic process, and GDF‐5, ‐6, ‐8, and ‐9 mRNA expressions were not changed. Effects of osteogenic protein‐1 (OP‐1, BMP‐7) on the expression patterns of several other members of the BMP family and of the GDF family were also examined. OP‐1 downregulated the BMP‐1, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐6 mRNA expression by a maximal 3‐, 5‐, 2.5‐, and 3‐fold, respectively. The BMP‐2 mRNA expression was not changed significantly by a low concentration of OP‐1, but was increased at 200 ng/ml at day 7 of treatment. In contrast to the BMPs, OP‐1 upregulated significantly the six GDF members examined (GDF‐1, ‐3, ‐5, ‐6, ‐8, and ‐9) by three‐ to four‐fold. Our findings demonstrate that OP‐1 differentially regulates the mRNA expression of several related members of the BMP family and upregulates the mRNA expression of several members of the GDF family. The observations suggest that OP‐1 action on cartilage differentiation involves a complex regulation of gene expression of several members of the BMP and the GDF family. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PPARγ ligands suppress proliferation of human urothelial basal cells in vitro
Authors: Kawakami Satoru , Arai Gaku , Hayashi Tetsuo , Fujii Yasuhisa , Xia Guangbin , Kageyama Yukio , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExpression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ in the human urinary tract through embryonic development suggests its possible roles in the development, proliferation, and differentiation of uroepithelium. Little is known, however, about physiological roles of PPARγ in the urinary tract. We investigated effects of PPARγ ligands on the proliferation of normal human urothelial cells and stromal cells cultivated from surgical specimens. Active proliferation in vitro as well as high molecular weight cytokeratin expression indicated that cultured urothelial cells possess basal cell phenotype. PPARγ protein, expressed predominantly in the epithelial layer of the normal human urinary tract in vivo, was abundantly expressed in urothelial cells but barely detectable in stromal cells in vitro. Natural ligand for PPARγ, 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15d‐PGJ2), as well as synthetic ones, troglitazone and pioglitazone, suppressed proliferation of the urothelial cells dose‐dependently. These effects were PPARγ specific because clofibrate or PGF2α did not affect proliferation of urothelial cells. Neither 9‐cis retinoic acid or all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at 1 μM showed any synergism on the antiproliferative effects of PPARγ ligands. Urothelial cells treated with PPARγ ligands showed drastic morphologic changes and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase accompanied with increased mRNA level of a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). Since 15d‐PGJ2 is present in vivo during the resolution phase of inflammation, these results indicated that PPARγ might be involved in the terminal phase of urothelial re‐epithelialization processes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of MED1 (MBD4) Gene in DNA repair and human cancer
Authors: Bellacosa Alfonso 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe human protein MED1, also known as MBD4, was isolated in a yeast two‐hybrid screening as an interactor of the mismatch repair protein MLH1. MED1 contains an N‐terminal 5‐methylcytosine binding domain (MBD), which allows binding to methylated DNA, and a C‐terminal catalytic domain with homology to bacterial DNA damage‐specific glycosylases/lyases. This suggests that DNA methylation may play a role in human DNA repair. MED1 acts as a mismatch‐specific DNA N‐glycosylase active on thymine, uracil, 5‐fluorouracil and, weakly, 3,N4‐ethenocytosine paired with guanine. The glycosylase activity of MED1 prefers substrates in which the G:T mismatch is present in the context of methylated or unmethylated CpG sites. Since G:T mismatches can originate via spontaneous deamination of 5‐methylcytosine to thymine, MED1 appears to act as a caretaker of genomic fidelity at CpG sites. Mutagenesis caused by these deamination events is a frequent mechanism of genetic instability in cancer; thus, based on the biochemical activity of its gene product, MED1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Indeed, frameshift mutations of the MED1 gene have been reported in human colorectal, gastric, endometrial, and pancreatic cancer. In the future, efforts should be directed toward investigations of the functional role of the MED1 gene in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of human cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth inhibition due to complementation of transforming growth factor‐β receptor type II‐defect by human chromosome 3 transfer in human colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Miyafuji Yasunori , Zhong Xiaoling , Uchida Iichiro , Koi Minoru , Hemmi Hiromichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe transforming growth‐β receptor type II (TGF‐βRII) gene is one of the target genes of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defect. The human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 has mutations in the hMLH1 gene and in the microsatellite region of the TGF‐βRII gene, both located on the short arm of chromosome 3. Introduction of the wild‐type hMLH1 gene on transferred human chromosome 3 restores many characteristics of MMR‐deficiency in HCT116. In this study, we determined whether transfer of chromosome 3 into HCT116 also complements the TGF‐βRII gene defect. We compared in vitro growth characteristics between HCT116 and HCT116 with a transferred chromosome 3 (HCT116 + ch3). The growth was suppressed in HCT116 + ch3 compared with parental HCT116. This suppression was abolished by frequent replacement with fresh medium, suggesting that the autocrine TGF‐β‐TGF‐βRII system may be responsible for growth suppression. To explore this possibility, we determined several characteristics essential for the autocrine system. We found that HCT116 + ch3 expresses wild‐type as well as mutated TGF‐βRII mRNA. In addition, phosphorylation of TGF‐βRI and growth inhibition were observed in HCT116 + ch3 but not in HCT116 by exposure to exogenous TGF‐β. The amount of TGF‐β1 in HCT116 + ch3 cultures was remarkably less than that in the HCT116, suggesting that TGF‐β produced by HCT116 + ch3 cells may be consumed by the cells. The conditioned medium from HCT116 cultures inhibits HCT116 + ch3 growth. This inhibition was neutralized by the anti‐TGF‐β antibody. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the TGF‐βRII gene defect in HCT116 is complemented by a wild‐type gene on the transferred chromosome 3 and that HCT116 + ch3 gained the ability to respond to TGF‐β. Simultaneous complementation of defects of a responsible gene and a major target gene by the chromosome transfer is useful to prove the inactivated phenotypes acquired during colorectal tumorigenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonography of the shoulder after arthrography (arthrosonography): Preliminary results
Authors: Lee Hak Soo , Joo Kyung‐Bin , Park Choong Ki , Kim Young Sun , Jeong Woo Kyeong , Kim Yong Soo , Park Dong Woo , Kim Sun Il , Park Tae Soo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to verify whether arthrosonography improves diagnostic accuracy in diseases of the shoulder and provides additional information for therapeutic planning, compared with conventional sonography.MethodsWe prospectively studied 113 consecutive patients with chronic shoulder pain. Sonography was performed before and after arthrography, with the radiologist blinded to the results of arthrography. When a rotator cuff tear was detected sonographically, its type, location, and size were recorded; we also evaluated any changes in the subacromial‐subdeltoid bursa and any abnormalities in the biceps tendon sheath. The diagnostic accuracy of conventional sonography and arthrosonography was compared with that of arthrography for rotator cuff tear. Changes in the subacromial‐subdeltoid bursa and biceps tendon sheath seen on conventional sonography were also compared with those seen on arthrosonography.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of conventional sonography in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear were 86% (25/29) and 95% (80/84), respectively; for arthrosonography, the values were 97% (28/29) and 95% (80/84), respectively. The differences in sensitivity and specificity for the 2 sonographic techniques were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The accuracy in localizing the tear was also not significantly different between the 2 sonographic techniques. Synovial proliferation was more easily detected with arthrosonography than it was with conventional sonography in the subacromial‐subdeltoid bursa (p < 0.01) and in the biceps tendon sheath (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest that although arthrosonography was not superior to conventional sonography in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears, it may provide a better assessment of the size of tears and additional information about synovial proliferation in the subacromial‐subdeltoid bursa and the biceps tendon sheath. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:23–32, 2002.
Sonographic evaluation of a uterine angiolipoleiomyoma
Authors: Braun Heidi L. , Wheelock John B. , Amaker Barbara H. , Seeds John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the case of a 51‐year‐old postmenopausal woman with an angiolipoleiomyoma, a rare mesenchymal uterine tumor, and describe its sonographic appearance. The clinical presentation of these invariably benign tumors often mimics that of uterine leiomyomas, making angiolipoleiomyomas difficult to diagnose correctly before histopathologic evaluation. In this case, sonography performed to determine the cause of the patient's vaginal bleeding showed a sharply marginated, brightly echogenic solid mass adjacent to the echogenic endometrium, without associated shadowing. Histopathologic examination revealed that this tumor was composed of smooth muscle, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, and blood vessels. These sonographic findings, which are unusual for tumors of the uterus, suggest the diagnosis of angiolipoleiomyoma. Accurate diagnosis of these benign tumors could prevent patients from undergoing surgery and would allow appropriate counseling of patients. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 241–244, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10057
Cutaneous seeding after ultrasound‐guided percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Casella Giovanni , Cacopardo Enea , Rovere Giuliano , Buda Carmelo Antonio , Cascinu Stefano , Baldini Vittorio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCutaneous seeding is a rare complication of interventional ultrasound procedures. We describe a case of needle‐track cutaneous seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). In our case, the seeding might have been related to the type of needle used and the multiple passes required to treat the liver lesion. Despite the risk of needle‐track seeding, PEI remains useful in the treatment of HCC. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:354–358, 2001.
Regulation of oligodendrocyte development
Authors: Kagawa Tetsushi , Wada Tamaki , Ikenaka Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOligodendrocytes are myelinating cells in the central nervous system. Recent studies demonstrated that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are generated from a restricted region in the ventricular zone. In the rodent spinal cord, progenitor cells appear from narrow and bilateral longitudinal columns in the ventral ventricular zone, and then migrate dorsally. This ventral‐specific appearance of oligodendrocyte progenitors may be controlled along the dorso‐ventral axis in the spinal cord by extrinsic signals secreted from both the dorsal and ventral cords. The combined action of the Notch signaling pathway and a basic helix‐loop‐helix class of transcription factors may modulate this early specification of spinal oligodendrocytes and also be involved in multiple steps of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52:740–745, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative view of pineal gland morphology of nocturnal and diurnal birds of tropical origin
Authors: Haldar C. , Bishnupuri K.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough having a similar developmental pattern, the pineal gland of tropical birds varies in shape, size, and morphology, probably more than any other part of the avian brain. Following the old classification, we noted a solid follicular (transitional) type of the pineal gland in the nocturnal bird Athene brama, and a tubulo‐follicular and elongated tubular types of pineal gland in diurnal birds Perdicula asiatica and Euroloncha punchulata, respectively. Detailed light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) studies of the pineal gland from these tropical birds revealed the presence of a well‐developed, functionally active gland in nocturnal birds (contrary to reports available until now). Unlike diurnal birds, the nocturnal bird A. brama has no deep pineal in the posterior region (near the habenular commissure). It could be that the deep encephalic receptors have no/fewer functions in nocturnal birds. At present, we were unable to define the significance of deep pineal in these tropical avian species. A notable difference in the proximodistal orientation of intrapineal follicles and parenchymatous cells was noted among these birds due to different habitats. Ultrastructurally, the pinealocytes exhibited great similarities in terms of secretory organelles, except for the presence of some peculiar membranous structure in E. punchulata. The pinealocytes have rudimentary photoreceptive features (e.g., outer segment) along with cytoplasmic organelles for secretory activity, suggesting both photosensory and photosecretory types of function. The present study also suggests more heterogenicity in pineal gland morphology (cellular architecture) among diurnal birds than the nocturnal one. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:25–32, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoregulation of microglial functional properties
Authors: Cross Alison K. , Woodroofe M. Nicola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicroglia are the resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma and are key players in the initiation of an inflammatory response. Microglia rapidly transform from a resting to an activated morphology in response to a variety of disease states. However, they can also be the target of infections, as in the case of HIV. Many of the effector properties of microglia can be attributed to the array of substances they secrete in response to stimuli such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, cytokines, and chemokines. The products of activated microglia include: cytokines (pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory), chemokines, nitric oxide, superoxide radicals, and proteases. Furthermore, microglia have the ability to present antigen to T cells, migrate in response to chemotactic stimuli, and phagocytose cell debris. This report focuses on the immunomodulatory functions of microglia, with particular attention to chemokines, and highlights their pivotal role in the CNS. Microsc. Res. Tech. 54:10–17, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of incubation temperature on hatching success, energy expenditure for embryonic development, and size and morphology of hatchlings in the oriental garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Agamidae)
Authors: Ji Xiang , Qiu Qing‐Bo , Diong Cheong‐Hoong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe incubated eggs of Calotes versicolor at four constant temperatures ranging from 24°C to 33°C to assess the effects of incubation temperature on hatching success, embryonic use of energy, and hatchling phenotypes that are likely to affect fitness. All viable eggs increased in mass throughout incubation due to absorption of water, and mass gain during incubation was dependent on initial egg mass and incubation temperature. The average duration of incubation at 24°C, 27°C, 30°C, and 33°C was 82.1 days, 60.5 days, 51.4 days, and 50.3 days, respectively. Incubation temperature affected hatching success, energy expenditure for embryonic development, and several hatchling traits examined, but it did not affect the sex ratio of hatchlings. Hatching success was lowest (3.4%) at 33°C, but a higher incidence of deformed embryos was recorded from eggs incubated at this temperature compared to eggs incubated at lower temperatures. Most of the deformed embryos died at the last stage of incubation. Energy expenditure for embryonic development was, however, higher in eggs incubated at 33°C than those similarly incubated at lower temperatures. A prolonged exposure of eggs of C. versicolor at 33°C appears to have an adverse and presumably lethal effect on embryonic development. Hatching success at 24°C was also low (43.3%), but hatchlings incubated at 24°C did not differ in any of the examined traits from those incubated at two intermediate temperatures (27°C and 30°C). Hatchlings incubated at 33°C were smaller (snout‐vent length, SVL) than those incubated at lower incubation temperatures and had larger mass residuals (from the regression on SVL) as well as shorter head length, hindlimb length, tympanum diameter, and eye diameter relative to SVL. Hatchlings from 33°C had significantly lower scores on the first axis of a principal component analysis representing mainly SVL‐free head size (length and width) and fore‐ and hindlimb lengths, but they had significantly higher scores on the second axis mainly representing SVL‐free wet body mass. Variation in the level of fluctuating asymmetry in eye diameter associated with incubation temperatures was quite high, and it was clearly consistent with the prediction that environmental stress associated with the highest incubation temperatures might produce the highest level of asymmetry. Newly emerged hatchlings exhibited sexual dimorphism in head width, with male hatchlings having larger head width than females. J. Exp. Zool. 292:649–659, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oviducal sperm storage in turkeys: Spatial distribution of sperm within the uterovaginal junction sperm‐storage tubules
Authors: Bakst Murray R. , Vinyard Bryan T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spatial distribution of sperm within the sperm storage tubules (SST) found in the uterovaginal junction (UVJ) of the turkey is not known. In this study, we inseminated sperm stained with a fluorescent dye (Hoechst 33342) to determine their distribution in SST in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral regions of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the UVJ. There was no preferential filling in the ventral‐dorsal axis of the UVJ. In contrast, preferential filling of the SST was observed in the middle section of the UVJ. Here the individual SST were clearly longer and more pleomorphic than the SST in the more proximal and distal aspects of the UVJ. While no information on the temporal aspect of SST filling by sperm could be gleaned, it is evident that the more morphologically developed SST either accept sperm more readily or store sperm more efficiently than SST elsewhere in the UVJ. J. Exp. Zool. 292:206–209, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hamilton weights and Petersen minors*
Authors: Lai Hong‐Jian , Zhang Cun‐Quan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA (1, 2)‐eulerian weight w of a cubic graph is called a Hamilton weight if every faithful circuit cover of the graph with respect to w is a set of two Hamilton circuits. Let G be a 3‐connected cubic graph containing no Petersen minor. It is proved in this paper that G admits a Hamilton weight if and only if G can be obtained from K4 by a series of Δ↔Y‐operations. As a byproduct of the proof of the main theorem, we also prove that if G is a permutation graph and w is a (1,2)‐eulerian weight of G such that (G, w) is a critical contra pair, then the Petersen minor appears “almost everywhere” in the graph G. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 38: 197–219, 2001
A list version of Dirac's theorem on the number of edges in colour‐critical graphs
Authors: Kostochka Alexandr V. , Stiebitz Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the basic results in graph colouring is Brooks' theorem [R. L. Brooks, Proc Cambridge Phil Soc 37 (1941) 194–197], which asserts that the chromatic number of every connected graph, that is not a complete graph or an odd cycle, does not exceed its maximum degree. As an extension of this result, Dirac [G. A. Dirac, Proc London Math Soc 7(3) (1957) 161–195] proved that every k‐colour‐critical graph (k ≥ 4) on n ≥ k + 2 vertices has at least ½((k − 1) n + k − 3) edges. The aim of this paper is to prove a list version of Dirac's result and to extend it to hypergraphs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 165–177, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jgt.998
Organoiridium catalysed hydrogen isotope exchange of benzamide derivatives
Authors: Valsborg Jacob S. , Sørensen Lone , Foged Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHydrogen‐tritium exchange in a series of benzamide derivatives and acetanilide has been investigated using [Ir(cod)(Cy3P)(Py)]PF6 as catalyst. Specific activities of 6–43 Ci/mmol were obtained. Tritium NMR spectroscopy showed that exchange occurred ortho to the amide group. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns of carpal development among anuran amphibians
Authors: Fabrezi Marissa , Barg Mónica 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe unity and diversity of developmental processes in the vertebrate limb have singular importance in the interpretation of evolutionary hypotheses of tetrapod diversification. In anurans, the intraordinal diversity of forelimbs seems to be related to the fusion of distal carpals, whereas proximal carpals are invariable. However, there are different ontogenetic pathways involved in the differentiation of proximal carpals. This study presents a comparative analysis of early developmental features in one archeobatrachian and 23 neobatrachian species representing five families and explores the variability in the differentiation of carpal cartilages. We found new evidence supporting the presence of an embryonic intermedium that incorporates with the ulnare. Difference between the pipid Xenopus and the neobatrachians is interpreted as a change in the rate of differentiation of Distal Carpal 5 that does not affect the developmental pattern of digits. The developmental variability exhibited by the intermedium, radiale, and Element Y is combined in patterns that converge on the same adult carpal morphology among neobatrachians; these patterns appear to contain potentially useful phylogenetic information. J. Morphol. 249:210–220, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.