bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Vulgarity and Beauty in the Interstices of Orality and Literacy
Authors: Ó Laoire Lillis , Williams Sean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter links contemporary nineteenth-century hierarchies of taste with Petrie’s often tacitly expressed opinions about Irish song melodies. In examining Petrie’s statements equating aesthetic and moral value, the chapter finds that some of the attitudes contained in his work continue to be relevant to the way song melodies are perceived and assessed today. By analyzing variants of one song air (used for ‘An Buachaill Caol Dubh’ in Munster and for another song, ‘An Caisideach Bán,’ in Connacht and Ulster), these ideas are unpacked and explored. The essay demonstrates that an underlying preference for an AABA melody format, still favoured nowadays, follows classical European norms. Historically conditioned aesthetic judgement notwithstanding, the chapter further argues that scholars and performers may set aside such preconceived ideas by appreciating the interplay of complex dynamics between oral and literate performance without necessarily having to accept a prescribed set of inherited assumptions regarding Irish song melodies.
Adorno’s Critique of Heidegger
Authors: Zuidervaart Lambert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the critique of Heidegger in Adorno’s Negative Dialectics and Ontology and Dialectics, interpreting it as a contest over the temporal character of truth. Adorno charges Heidegger with “ontologizing the ontic,” in three ways: by treating the concept of Being (Sein) as a concrete thing; by absolutizing the mediation of subject and object; and by freezing actual history into an unchanging “historicity.” What connects Adorno’s criticisms is a concern he dialectically shares with Heidegger over what Iain Macdonald calls “blocked possibility.” Adorno rejects Heidegger’s blocked possibility—beyng beyond Being, an “other beginning” before the metaphysical beginning—for the sake of a different blocked possibility: a future society in which needless suffering would end. But they share the claim that truth is temporal. The chapter concludes with suggestions about how their debate could yield a better understanding of the temporality of truth.
Feminist Inquiry
Authors: Hawkesworth Mary 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys interpretive strategies devised by feminist scholars within humanities, social science, and natural science disciplines to challenge inadequate and inaccurate representations, faulty arguments, personal biases, social prejudices, omissions, distortions, and disinformation within mainstream scholarship and thereby improve understandings of the world. It traces debates about feminist methodologies as they have been emerging in Anglo-American scholarship since the 1970s, moving from near-exclusive concerns about gender to more expansive investigations of race, ethnicity, gender, sexualities, and processes of racialization and gendering to contemporary attempts to devise intersectional analyses across diverse research domains. Probing the politics of feminist knowledge production, it engages debates concerning the comparative merits of feminist empiricism, feminist standpoint, and feminist postmodernist approaches to research.
Pluralizing Comparison
Authors: Simmons Erica S. , Smith Nicholas Rush 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of pluralizing comparison. It highlights comparison as one of the fundamental building blocks of social science research. Political science graduate students are typically taught the comparative method during their training, which essentially revolves around J. S. Mill’s discussion on the method of agreement and the method of difference. The chapter references Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities study to showcase the possibilities for scholarly breakthroughs that might be possible if we diversify what, how, and why researchers compare. Moreover, the study forces social scientists to question the naturalness of nation-states as a unit of analysis while using comparative techniques, which are not reducible to the goal of causal inference.
Interpretivist Methods in the Digital Age
Authors: Biccum April R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The twentieth-century expansion of Interpretivist Methods in the social sciences could be characterized as nothing short of an epistemological revolution. Political science is unique for the way that Interpretive scholarship has been marginalized, where elsewhere it has transformed disciplines, becoming a normal part of inquiry. At the same time, the communications revolution has had an extraordinary impact on both knowledge production and political and social change. While computational methods and Big Data have renewed Political Science’s confidence in quantification, Interpretivist scholars have been slow to address how digital data and communications affordances impact both what we study and how we study it. This chapter points out that communications studies as a field is founded upon Interpretivist assumptions and is part of this methodological revolution. What this means for Political Science is that given the widespread impact of the Interpretivist Turn there is simply no legitimate reason for the continued marginalization of Interpretivist Methods. What it means for Interpretivists in Political Science is that there is already a rich seam of social theory and methodological practice upon which Interpretivists can draw for a Digital Interpretivist Political Science and which provides scope for connecting Interpretivists across disciplinary divides. The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to this social theory and cross disciplinary spaces in hopes of facilitating these kinds of connections.
Causal Inference with Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data
Authors: Xu Yiqing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys new development in causal inference using time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data. It starts by clarifying two identification regimes for TSCS analysis: one under the strict exogeneity assumption and one under the sequential ignorability assumption. It then reviews three most commonly used methods by political scientists: the difference-in-differences approach, two-way fixed effects models, and the synthetic control method. For each method, the chapter examines its assumptions, explain its pros and cons, and discuss its extensions. It then introduces several new methods under strict exogeneity or sequential ignorability, including the factor-augmented approach, PanelMatch, and marginal structural models. It concludes by providing some recommendations to applied researchers and pointing out several directions for future research.
The Network Science of Public Policy Diffusion
Authors: Gopal Ishita , Desmarais Bruce A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For over half a century, rigorous empirical analysis of the patterns according to which policies have spread across governments has led to a substantial accumulation of knowledge regarding the attributes of governments and policies that predict the spread of policy. Recently, a more thorough integration of policy diffusion research with relational and network approaches to analysis has led to insights regarding the pathways that connect governments and facilitate the diffusion of policies. This chapter reviews recent developments regarding network approaches to policy diffusion research, and unifies these findings and ideas as the “network science of public policy diffusion.” The chapter also offers guidance regarding directions in which the study of policy diffusion research can be advanced through network scientific approaches. Specifically, it suggests that researchers look to the policy networks literature for theoretical innovation, and that the adoption of multilayer network analysis methods would facilitate substantial advancements in the empirical analysis of the systems determinants of public policy diffusion.
Machine Learning
Authors: Moses Laura M. , Box-Steffensmeier Janet M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is increasingly relevant in political science research and benefits both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. It has the ability to improve the accuracy of outcomes, refine measurements of complex human behavior and processes, discover latent patterns in data, and introduce new types of data. The authors’ work intends to provide a clearer understanding of the high-level concepts that will make ML applications successful by emphasizing some general principles, particularities, and demystify some of the technical aspects to support greater use of these tools. This chapter provides a practical guide to ML and discussion of its uses for understanding political phenomena. It then illustrates how these methods can be used to assess theories of voter turnout and how word use varies by partisan identity using text embeddings.
Pluralism and the Public Value of Social Science
Authors: Lupia Arthur 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that adopting a particular approach to pluralism is a key to increasing the public value of social scientific research. The approach is to be as transparent and as honest as possible about the procedures that produce social scientific claims. This approach is applicable to any social scientific method. Greater honesty and transparency increase the public value of social science by empowering its users to better understand where a given claim does—and does not—apply. Operating in this way gives social scientists new opportunities to provide an incredible form of service to people around the world.
Knowledge Cumulation and Survey Experiments
Authors: Pepinsky Thomas B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how survey experiments can contribute to knowledge cumulation in political science. It introduces a typology of survey experiments that clarifies how they might fit into general social scientific analyses of causal processes in the social world, and then use “Coleman’s Boat” as a heuristic device for describing the task of knowledge cumulation across macro- and micro-level studies. Survey experimental research can be strengthened by explicitly engaging with the broader theoretical claims and analytical frameworks to which its results might contribute, even under the assumption that survey experimental research is both internally and externally valid.
Federal Government
Authors: Papadopoulos Yannis , Sager Fritz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter studies the Swiss federal executive (Federal Council) and concentrates on the specificities of this unique form of collegial government. The chapter presents the mode of election for the members of the Federal Council, highlights the implementation of the consociational norm of power-sharing and changes in the partisan composition of the government, and discusses its position within a political system with many veto points. It then zooms into the internal organization of the government, describes the decision-making processes within the federal executive, and assesses how the collegial principle is challenged by governmental ‘departmentalization’ and partisan polarization. The chapter concludes on the repeated and mostly unsuccessful efforts at reform, mainly in view of enhancing governmental performance.
Decision-Making Process
Authors: Sciarini Pascal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The formulation of policies lies at the heart of any political system and is the crucial task assigned to decision makers. Analysing problems, identifying possible solutions, bargaining over draft proposals and bills, and—eventually—adopting a legislative act is the routine business of senior officials, interest groups, experts, political parties, and MPs. The purpose of this chapter is to present the state of knowledge on Swiss federal decision-making processes. It starts with a brief description of the institutional set-up of processes (initiation phase, pre-parliamentary phase, parliamentary phase, and referendum phase) and then turns to a finer-grained analysis of each decision-making phase and links between them. The analysis of these links is all the more important, since the multiplication of arenas is characteristic of the Swiss decision-making system; this is meant to make sure legislative proposals will proceed smoothly from one decision-making phase to the next. In particular, the risk of failure at the end of a process in a referendum vote has favoured the development of the preparatory phase of legislation. The chapter also assesses the respective weights of the main state and non-state actors participating in the process, highlights how institutions influence actors’ strategies, and examines changes in the characteristics of decision-making processes over time. On this basis, it evaluates the relevance of some claims that one finds in the contemporary literature, such as those regarding the ineffectiveness of the pre-parliamentary procedures, the ‘end of consensus’, or the slow pace and low innovation capacity of the Swiss decision-making process.
Commodity Chains
Authors: Ciccantell Paul S. , Smith David A. , Topik Steven C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The concept of commodity chains (along with related ideas of global production networks and value chains) has been a useful tool in recent decades in explaining the dynamics of global history. This chapter discuss the emergence of these key approaches to commodity-focused analysis in history and the social sciences—which explore connections across space and borders, tracing how nature is transformed via extraction, cultivation, processing, transport, and marketing into commodities for consumption and profit. This involves key issues, including the role played by technology, market forces, firm strategies, state policies, and geopolitical strategies in shaping the evolution of commodity chains in the world economy. This is illustrated with a discussion of how these different modes of analysis provide insights into the forces involved in the evolution and expansion of the ‘raw materialist lengthened’ commodity chain of coffee—one of the most valuable internationally traded agricultural goods.
Commodities across the Socialist World
Authors: Dietrich Anne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How did Eastern bloc regimes guarantee stable commodity flows in the globalizing economy of the Cold War, having only a limited access to convertible currency and global trade networks? A common practice was trade and cooperation among member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) on the ideological basis of the international socialist division of labour. As rising commodity prices on world markets for raw materials and agricultural goods burdened their national economies with debts, Eastern bloc regimes turned towards socialist-leaning countries in the Global South. This chapter analyses how regimes approached this by reviewing the provision of commodities in the socialist world, focusing on grain supply in the Soviet Union and China and cash crops in the Global South, energy networks within the CMEA, the importance of consumer goods in Eastern Europe, and sugar production in Cuba. It concludes by drawing attention to lacunae for future research.
Plantations and Commodities
Authors: Nadri Ghulam A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the approaches to and perspectives on the relationship between the plantation system and commodity production, and how the literature has contributed to broadening the meaning and application of plantation as an analytical framework within commodity history. Through a brief discussion of how the scholarship has looked at the agrarian economy of colonial India and using the system of indigo cultivation in the nineteenth century as a case study, it explores to what extent the Indian experience of agricultural production fits into the plantation typologies that scholars have identified. Through analysis of the modes and methods of indigo cultivation and peasant-planter relationships, the chapter argues that, despite being based primarily on peasant cultivation, Indian indigo production should be considered a form of plantation in which peasants produced the crop for European planters.
Computational Methods for the History of Commodities as Illustrated by Apple Pie Recipes
Authors: van Erp Marieke , Bosma Ulbe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to computational methods for commodities analyses focused on natural language processing and Semantic Web technologies. Natural language processing is the research field at the intersection of linguistics and computer science, aimed at investigating how computers can be used to process large amounts of texts. Semantic Web is the research field concerned with representing knowledge in a machine-readable manner, allowing for integrating information from different sources and reasoning over them. The authors illustrate the potential, as well as the challenges, for the use of computational methods for commodities analyses through a case study on apple pie recipes to explore culinary practices as independent variables in sugar consumption. The chapter concludes with an outlook and guidelines on how to include computational methods further in commodity-history research.
Commodities, Interdisciplinarity, and Historical GIS
Authors: Crespo-Solana Ana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The sea and the forests have been inextricably linked since the invention of the ship and, during the early-modern age, the forest and its main resource, wood, underwent a process of politicization and commercialization, due to the importance of timber as a basic raw material and commodity for the consolidation of merchant navies and warships. This chapter discusses the interdisciplinary methodology employed to develop a Geographic Information Systems tool, enabling the integration of historical and archaeological information with timber provenance data to analyse wreck-site patterns and the use of timber. The chapter focuses on historical narratives about seafaring and shipwrecks, in order to determine and identify models for the searching for the so-called Iberian ship design, and the use of wood as a basic natural resource in the construction of such machinery of war and commerce.
Commodities Shaping a New Imperial History
Authors: de Luxán Meléndez Santiago , Figueiroa-Rego João , Sanz Rozalén Vicent , Stubbs Jean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tobacco, which originated in the Americas, was one of the early commodities to shape a new imperial history. This chapter highlights recent historiography of tobacco in the Iberian Empires, which from the seventeenth century became embedded in transimperial and transcolonial connections in territories of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. This longue-durée history was one of tobacco monopoly and an Atlantic tobacco system that was integrally tied to the slave trade from Africa to the Americas, extended across the Pacific; was constantly dogged by opposition, illicit trade and smuggling; and witnessed major changes in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This is illustrated by two case studies, one of Portugese and the other of Spanish tobacco history, and a concluding section signals comparative lessons of this history and the relevance of the Iberian case for the broader study of commodities and empire.
Commodity Frontiers
Authors: Bosma Ulbe , Vanhaute Eric 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The concept of commodity frontier has become an increasingly valued transdisciplinary device to explain the dynamic relationship between place-specific commodity production and global socio-spatial expansion. As Jason Moore, who coined the concept, has pointed out, capitalism developed as a new historical system to overcome ecological degradation by relocating entire production complexes. Illustrated by the examples of wheat, timber, and sugar production and trade, this chapter reviews how the concept of commodity frontiers has developed into a global historical-comparative framework that takes into account variations in time, space, and commodities. A focus on commodities and commodity frontiers is proving invaluable to understand the interaction between structural changes on a global scale and local processes of resilience, resistance, and accommodation. Indeed, the increasing popularity of the concept of commodity frontiers is driven by the widely felt need to confront the systemic causes of our current global ecological crisis from a bottom-up perspective.
Anthologies of the Self
Authors: Urli Sebastián 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes some of Borges’s poems published in the 1930s, such as “Insomnio” (Insomnia), as well as his poetic anthologies published between 1943 and 1960. Drawing on scholarship about issues of self-figuration and authorship, the chapter studies how some of Borges’s corrections and rewritings of his avant-garde poems of the 1920s concur with an expansion of his self-figuration process in poetry. This process, which is studied in detail, reaches its peak in El hacedor (1960) and El otro, el mismo (1964). On the one hand, this examination allows us to challenge and expand Hector Libertella’s reading of Borges as a “gesture” and a “rubric/signature” that has “tamed” and “cured” more alternative and radical avant-garde possibilities such as those represented by Macedonio Fernández. On the other hand, it enables us to shed a different light on Borges’s poetical practices regarding his “conservadurismo poético” (poetic conservatism) (Muschietti and Lihn).
Adolescent Victims and Witnesses
Authors: Wyman Joshua , Dianiska Rachel , Henderson Hayden , Malloy Lindsay C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental window characterized by growth, change, and vulnerability in multiple domains. Several developmental characteristics of adolescence, both cognitive and socioemotional in nature, increase the likelihood adolescents will come into contact with the legal system as victims and witnesses and also shape the statements that adolescents provide in legal contexts. This chapter describes how several facets of adolescents’ cognitive (e.g., executive functioning) and socioemotional (e.g., susceptibility to peer influence) development influence their disclosures, memory, and suggestibility. It reviews the current state of knowledge concerning what is known about adolescents’ willingness to share their legally relevant experiences with others (i.e., issues related disclosure) and their ability to do so (i.e., issues related to memory and suggestibility). The chapter closes by discussing recommendations for policy and practice alongside novel or emerging issues regarding adolescents’ involvement in the legal system as victims and witnesses that warrant additional scientific inquiry.
Orientalism and the Transitional Justice Imaginary in Asia
Authors: Hinton Alexander Laban 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the key concepts of Orientalism and the transitional justice imaginary in Asia. It considers the notion that transitional justice has been informed by Orientalist assumptions and structural power ranging from histories of colonialism to geopolitics. Moreover, the transitional justice imaginary is variably invoked depending on the person, time, and context while having a loose structure focused on its core assumption of a teleological transformation from authoritarianism to liberal democracy and a set of secondary assumptions. The chapter explains that Asia, where transitional justice doppelgängers are widespread, sits uneasily in these genealogies. One way to avoid the pitfalls of Orientalist transitional justice, the chapter concludes, is to take a more dynamic phenomenological approach that takes into account lived experience and the complex cultural landscapes in which transitional justice is enacted.