bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Use of Triptans and Reasons for Switching Them in a Tertiary Care Migraine Population
Authors: Sheftell Fred D. , Feleppa Michele , Tepper Stewart J. , Volcy Michel , Rapoport Alan M. , Bigal Marcelo E. 
Published: June 2004

Objective.—To assess the reasons for switching triptans within migraine patients presenting to a specialty clinic.Design and Methods.—We reviewed data of migraineurs who (1) were currently using a triptan as acute treatment medication for migraine, and (2) had previously used at least one other triptan, or a different triptan formulation. All subjects were followed for at least 1 year. For every triptan/formulation used, the reasons for discontinuation were obtained.Results.—Our sample consisted of 386 patients, 339 of whom (87.8%) were females. Sumatriptan was first used by 349 (90.4%); zolmitriptan, by 238 (61.5%); rizatriptan, by 195 (50.5%); naratriptan, by 137 (35.4%); and almotriptan, by 31 (8.0%). Almotriptan was excluded from this analysis because of our small sample. We found significant differences among those who wanted to try another triptan to see if it would be better in those who first used sumatriptan 25 mg, compared to those first using sumatriptan 50 mg (P= .01), sumatriptan 100 mg (P < .001), sumatriptan nasal spray (NS) (P < .001), sumatriptan subcutaneous (SC) (P < .001), zolmitriptan 5 mg (P < .001), rizatriptan 10 mg (P < .001), and naratriptan (P= .001). Patients using rizatriptan, sumatriptan NS, and sumatriptan SC had significantly lower rates of reporting this answer. Subjects first using naratriptan were less likely to report recurrence than those using sumatriptan 25 mg (P= .004), sumatriptan 50 mg (P= .0005), sumatriptan 100 mg (P= .003), zolmitriptan (P= .02), and rizatriptan (P= .006). Incomplete relief was more frequently reported by those first using sumatriptan 25 mg and naratriptan. Inconsistency was a reason for switching in those initially using sumatriptan NS, sumatriptan 25 mg, and naratriptan and less frequently reported in those using zolmitriptan and sumatriptan SC. Side effects were major factors for those first using sumatriptan 100 mg, NS, and SC, and less for those using naratriptan and sumatriptan 25 mg. From those subjects that initially used sumatriptan SC and were switched to a different triptan or formulation, 19.5% returned to sumatriptan SC; for the other triptans/formulations, the percentages were: sumatriptan 25 mg, 7.8%; sumatriptan 50 mg or 100 mg, 42.3%; sumatriptan NS, 17.7%; zolmitriptan, 17.6%; rizatriptan, 16.5%; naratriptan, 9.4%. For those who used more than three triptans/formulations, the last triptan used was: sumatriptan, 29.5%; zolmitriptan, 31.8%; rizatriptan, 25.0%; naratriptan, 12.5%.Conclusions.—A variety of treatment attributes are important in determining the reasons involved in switching a triptan. To assess this attributes can provide additional information to supplement the traditional tests of efficacy provided by randomized clinical trials.
Chronic Daily Headache: Correlation Between the 2004 and the 1988 International Headache Society Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. , Tepper Stewart J. , Sheftell Fred D. , Rapoport Alan M. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: June 2004

Background.—In a previous study, we compared the 1988 International Headache Society (IHS) criteria and the Silberstein‐Lipton criteria (S‐L) in a subspeciality clinic sample of 638 patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) assessed both clinically and with headache diaries. Both systems allowed for the classification of most patients with CDH. The 1988 IHS classification required multiple diagnoses and was more complex to apply.Objectives.—The aim of this study was to revisit the same database, now comparing the prior classification systems with the new 2004 IHS classification. In contrast with the 1st edition, the 2nd edition includes criteria for chronic migraine (CM), new daily persistent headache (NDPH), and hemicrania continua (HC).Methods.—We reviewed the clinical records and the headache diaries of 638 patients seen between 1980 and 2001 at a headache center. All patients had primary CDH according to the S‐L criteria.Results.—Using the S‐L criteria as a reference, of the 158 patients with transformed migraine (TM) without medication overuse, just 9 (5.6%) met 2004 IHS criteria for CM. Most of the subjects were classified using combinations of migraine and CTTH diagnoses, much like the 1988 IHS classification. Similarly, using the new IHS system, just 41/399 (10.2%) subjects with TM with medication overuse were classified as probable CM with probable medication overuse. Most patients with NDPH without overuse were easily classified using the 2004 criteria (95.8%). Regarding NDPH with medication overuse, the diagnostic groups were much like results for the 1st edition. All patients with chronic tension‐type headache (CTTH) and hemicrania continua (HC) according to the S‐L system were easily classified using the 2004 IHS criteria.Conclusions.—We conclude that the 2004 IHS criteria facilitate the classification of NDPH without medication overuse and HC. For subjects with TM according to the S‐L system, the new IHS criteria are complex to use and require multiple diagnoses. Very few patients with TM in the S‐L system could be classified with a single diagnosis in the 2004 IHS classification. In fact, CM was so rare that it would be virtually impossible to conduct clinical trials of this entity using the 2004 IHS criteria. Clinical trials of this entity should therefore be conducted using the S‐L criteria. Finally, we propose that in the 3rd edition of the IHS classification, the diagnosis of NDPH be revised so as not to exclude migraine features.
Climate and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in children
Authors: Weiland S K , Hüsing A , Strachan D P , Rzehak P , Pearce N 
Published: June 2004

Aims:To investigate the association between climate and atopic diseases using worldwide data from 146 centres of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).Methods:Between 1992 and 1996, each centre studied random samples of children aged 13–14 and 6–7 years (approx. 3000 per age group and centre) using standardised written and video questionnaires on symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema during the past 12 months. Data on long term climatic conditions in the centres were abstracted from one standardised source, and mixed linear regression models calculated to take the clustering of centres within countries into account.Results:In Western Europe (57 centres in 12 countries), the prevalence of asthma symptoms, assessed by written questionnaire, increased by 2.7% (95% CI 1.0% to 4.5%) with an increase in the estimated annual mean of indoor relative humidity of 10%. Similar associations were seen for the video questionnaire and the younger age group. Altitude and the annual variation of temperature and relative humidity outdoors were negatively associated with asthma symptoms. The prevalence of eczema symptoms correlated with latitude (positively) and mean annual outdoor temperature (negatively).Conclusions:Results suggest that climate may affect the prevalence of asthma and atopic eczema in children.
Assessing individual employee risk factors for occupational asthma in primary aluminium smelting
Authors: Barnard C G , McBride D I , Firth H M , Herbison G P 
Published: June 2004

Aims:To assess the significance of individual risk factors in the development of occupational asthma of aluminium smelting (OAAS).Methods:A matched case-control study nested in a cohort of 545 workers employed in areas with moderate to high levels of smelting dust and fume. The cohort comprised those who had their first pre-employment medical examination between 1 July 1982 and 1 July 1995; follow up was until 31 December 2000. Forty five cases diagnosed with OAAS and four controls per case were matched for the same year of pre-employment and age within ±5 years. The pre-employment medical questionnaires were examined, blinded as to case-control status, and information obtained on demographics and details of allergic symptoms, respiratory risk factors, respiratory symptoms, and spirometry. Data from the subsequent medical notes yielded subsequent history of hay fever, family history of asthma, full work history, date of termination or diagnosis, and tobacco smoking history at the end-point.Results:There was a significant positive association between hay fever diagnosed either at or during employment and OAAS (adjusted OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.57 to 8.21). A higher forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC%) at employment reduced the risk of developing OAAS (adjusted OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99). The risk of OAAS was more than three times higher in individuals with an FER of 70.0–74.9% than in individuals with an FER ⩾80.0% (adjusted OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.01 to 11.89).Conclusions:Individuals with hay fever may be more susceptible to occupational asthma when exposed to airborne irritants in aluminium smelting. The pathological basis may be reduced nasal filtration and increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Deindustrialisation and the long term decline in fatal occupational injuries
Authors: Loomis D , Richardson D B , Bena J F , Bailer A J 
Published: June 2004

Aims:To examine the extent to which deindustrialisation accounts for long term trends in occupational injury risk in the United States.Methods:Rates of fatal unintentional occupational injury were computed using data from death certificates and the population census. Trends were estimated using Poisson regression. Standardisation and regression methods were used to adjust for the potential effect of structural change in the labour market.Results:The fatal occupational injury rate for all industries declined 45% from 1980 to 1996 (RR (rate ratio) 0.55, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.57). Adjustment for structural changes in the workforce shifted the RR to 0.62 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.65). Expanding industries enjoyed more rapid reduction in risk (−3.43% per year, 95% CI −3.62 to −3.24) than those that contracted (−2.65% per year, 95% CI −2.88 to −2.42).Conclusions:Deindustrialisation contributed to the decline of fatal occupational injury rates in the United States, but explained only 10–15% of the total change.
Point-of-sale glass bottle recycling: indoor airborne exposures and symptoms among employees
Authors: Kennedy S M , Copes R , Bartlett K H , Brauer M 
Published: June 2004

Aims:To assess the impact of newly introduced point-of-sale glass bottle recycling on indoor air quality and employee health.Methods:Airborne exposures and both chronic and acute respiratory and somatic symptoms were surveyed among 226 employees at 36 randomly selected liquor stores with bottle recycling and in-house glass breaking. Each store was visited twice; between visits glass breaking was discontinued for one month in half the stores (selected at random), although bottles were still collected and stored on site. Rates of chronic symptoms were compared to an external, unexposed control population.Results:Geometric mean exposure levels were 0.18 mg/m3for inhalable particulate matter and 3.6 EU/m3for endotoxin (270 personal samples); 1064 CFU/m3for viable fungi (648 area samples). Fungal levels were associated with visibly mouldy bottles being broken, outdoor fungal counts, and uncovered glass bins. Exposures were not altered by the intervention of shutting down glass breaking machinery. Compared to controls, employees reported more work related chronic chest tightness and chronic nasal symptoms. Acute chest symptoms were associated with breaking visibly mouldy bottles, but not with measured fungal counts. Inhalable particulate matter levels >0.2 mg/m3were associated with acute upper airway irritation. Somatic symptoms were associated with measures of psychosocial job strain.Conclusion:Results suggest that this type of recycling programme may generate fungal exposures sufficient to elicit upper airway and chest symptoms.
Using a representative sample of workers for constructing the SUMEX French general population based job-exposure matrix
Authors: Guéguen A , Goldberg M , Bonenfant S , Martin J C 
Published: June 2004

Background:Job-exposure matrices (JEMs) applicable to the general population are usually constructed by using only the expertise of specialists.Aims:To construct a population based JEM for chemical agents from data based on a sample of French workers for surveillance purposes.Methods:The SUMEX job-exposure matrix was constructed from data collected via a cross-sectional survey of a sample of French workers representative of the main economic sectors through the SUMER-94 survey: 1205 occupational physicians questioned 48 156 workers, and inventoried exposure to 102 chemicals. The companies’ economic activities and the workers’ occupations were coded according to the official French nomenclatures. A segmentation method was used to construct job groups that were homogeneous for exposure prevalence to chemical agents. The matrix was constructed in two stages: consolidation of occupations according to exposure prevalence; and establishment of exposure indices based on individual data from all the subjects in the sample.Results:An agent specific matrix could be constructed for 80 of the chemicals. The quality of the classification obtained for each was variable: globally, the performance of the method was better for less specific and therefore more easy to assess agents, and for exposures specific to certain occupations.Conclusions:Software has been developed to enable the SUMEX matrix to be used by occupational physicians and other prevention professionals responsible for surveillance of the health of the workforce in France.
Biomonitoring of traffic police officers exposed to airborne platinum
Authors: Iavicoli I , Bocca B , Petrucci F , Senofonte O , Carelli G , Alimonti A , Caroli S 
Published: June 2004

Background:Over the past two decades there has been a substantial increase in environmental levels of palladium, platinum, and rhodium, the platinum group elements (PGEs), due to the widespread use of catalytic converters for automotive traction.Aim:To evaluate urinary platinum levels in occupationally exposed subjects.Methods:A total of 161 employees from the Rome City Police Force were studied; 103 were traffic police involved in controlling streets with an average flow of vehicles, while the remaining 58 were control subjects engaged only in office work. Platinum quantification in the urine samples of these subjects was carried out by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between platinum levels in the group of subjects engaged in traffic control and the control group (4.45 (2.42) ng/lv4.56 (2.84) ng/l, respectively).Conclusions:Urinary levels were found to be higher than those reported for other urban populations, thus showing a progressive increase in human exposure to Pt.
A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC ORDERING IN ISING CUBIC FERROSPINELS
Authors: STANICA N. , CIMPOESU F. , DOBRESCU GIANINA , CHIHAIA V. , PATRON LUMINITA , MUNTEANU G. , BOSTAN C. G. 
Published: June 2004

This work signifies the next step in our way in the magnetic properties simulation of spin clusters and extended networks containing quantum spins, by original FORTRAN codes based on Heisenberg–Dirac–VanVleck (HDVV) or Ising approaches, using Full Diagonalization Heisenberg Matrix (FDHM) or Monte Carlo–Metropolis (MCM) procedure, respectively. We present the results of magnetic Monte Carlo studies on a magnetite type lattice, Ising model ferrimagnet that provide insight into the exchange interactions involved in Cubic Ferrospinels. We have demonstrated that a comparatively simple model can reproduce ferrimagnetic behavior of ferrospinels, particularly for magnetite.
Graft-versus-leukemia activity may overcome therapeutic resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain gene status: implications of minimal residual disease measurement with quantitative PCR
Authors: Ritgen Matthias , Stilgenbauer Stephan , von Neuhoff Nils , Humpe Andreas , Brüggemann Monika , Pott Christiane , Raff Thorsten , Kröber Alexander , Bunjes Donald , Schlenk Richard , Schmitz Norbert , Döhner Hartmut , Kneba Michael , Dreger Peter 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity conferred by allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is effective in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with unmutated VH gene status. The kinetics of residual disease (MRD) were measured by quantitative allele-specific immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 9 patients after nonmyeloablative allo-SCT for unmutated CLL. Despite an only modest decrease in the early posttransplantation phase, MRD became undetectable in 7 of 9 patients (78%) from day +100 onwards subsequent to chronic graft-versus-host disease or donor lymphocyte infusions. With a median follow-up of 25 months (range, 14-37 months), these 7 patients remain in continuous clinical and molecular remission. In contrast, PCR negativity was achieved in only 6 of 26 control patients (23%) after autologous SCT for unmutated CLL and it was not durable. Taken together, this study shows for the first time that GVL-mediated immunotherapy might be effective in CLL with unmutated VH.
Exacerbation of autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenic purpura by infection with mouse viruses
Authors: Musaji Andrei , Cormont Françoise , Thirion Gaëtan , Cambiaso César L. , Coutelier Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAntigenic mimicry has been proposed as a major mechanism by which viruses could trigger the development of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). However, because antigenic mimicry implies epitope similarities between viral and self antigens, it is difficult to understand how widely different viruses can be involved by this sole mechanism in the pathogenesis of ITP. Here, we report that in mice treated with antiplatelet antibodies at a dose insufficient to induce clinical disease by themselves, infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) was followed by severe thrombocytopenia and by the appearance of petechiae similar to those observed in patients with ITP. A similar exacerbation of antiplatelet-mediated thrombocytopenia was induced by mouse hepatitis virus. This enhancement of antiplatelet antibody pathogenicity by LDV was not observed with F(ab′)2 fragments, suggesting that phagocytosis was involved in platelet destruction. Treatment of mice with clodronate-containing liposomes and with total immunoglobulin G (IgG) indicated that platelets were cleared by macrophages. The increase of thrombocytopenia triggered by LDV after administration of antiplatelet antibodies was largely suppressed in animals deficient for γ-interferon receptor. Together, these results suggest that viruses may exacerbate autoantibody-mediated ITP by activating macrophages through γ-interferon production, a mechanism that may account for the pathogenic similarities of multiple infectious agents. (Blood. 2004;104:2102-2106)
Quantitative trait locus on chromosome 8q influences the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin
Authors: Garner Chad , Silver Nicholas , Best Steve , Menzel Stephan , Martin Charlotte , Spector Tim D. , Thein Swee Lay 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin is incomplete; the residual fetal hemoglobin in adults is restricted to a subset of erythrocytes called F cells. F-cell levels are influenced by a sequence variant (C → T) at position -158 upstream of the γ-globin gene, termed the XmnI-Gγ polymorphism. How the Gγ-158 C → T variant influences the expression of the Gγ-globin gene is unknown but is likely to involve the interaction of a multiprotein transcription complex. In a recent genome-wide linkage study of a large Asian Indian kindred, a genetic interaction between the XmnI-Gγ site and a locus on chromosome 8q was reported to influence adult F-cell levels. We report the replication of linkage to chromosome 8q in a sample of European twin pairs. This result provides strong evidence that a quantitative trait locus exists on chromosome 8q that influences the developmental switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin. (Blood. 2004;104:2184-2186)
Erythropoietin and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide production by endothelial cells
Authors: Beleslin-Cokic Bojana B. , Cokic Vladan P. , Yu Xiaobing , Weksler Babette B. , Schechter Alan N. , Noguchi Constance Tom 
Published: June 2004

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO), a hypoxia-inducible cytokine, is required for survival, proliferation, and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. EPO can also stimulate proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells that express EPO receptors (EPORs). In this study we investigated the EPO response of vascular endothelial cells at reduced oxygen tension (5% and 2%), in particular the effect of EPO on nitric oxide (NO) release. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces NO, which maintains blood pressure homeostasis and blood flow. We find that EPOR is inducible by EPO in primary human endothelial cells of vein (HUVECs) and artery (HUAECs) and cells from a human bone marrow microvascular endothelial line (TrHBMEC) to a much greater extent at low oxygen tension than in room air. We found a corresponding increase in eNOS expression and NO production in response to EPO during hypoxia. Stimulation of NO production was dose dependent on EPO concentration and was maximal at 5 U/mL. NO activates soluble guanosine cyclase to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and we observed that EPO induced cGMP activity. These results suggest that low oxygen tension increases endothelial cell capacity to produce NO in response to EPO by induction of both EPOR and eNOS. This effect of EPO on eNOS may be a physiologically relevant mechanism to counterbalance the hypertensive effects of increased hemoglobin-related NO destruction resulting from hypoxia-induced increased red cell mass. (Blood. 2004;104:2073-2080)
Unusual immunophenotype of CD8+ T cells in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Karandikar Nitin J. , Kroft Steven H. , Yegappan Subramanian , Rogers Beverly B. , Aquino Victor M. , Lee Kyung-Mi , Kumar Vinay , Guenaga F. Javier , Jaffe Elaine S. , Douek Daniel C. , McKenna Robert W. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an inherited, fatal disorder of infancy. We report here a 17-day-old female infant who presented with high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, thrombocytopenia, and liver failure. Leukocytosis was detected with circulating “atypical” lymphoid cells. Flow cytometric studies revealed expanded subpopulations of CD8+ T cells with unusual immunophenotypic features, including a subset that lacked CD5 expression. A liver biopsy showed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with exuberant infiltrates of CD8+ T cells that lacked perforin. Mutational studies revealed a 666C→A (H222Q) missense mutation in the perforin gene. T-cell receptor studies on flow-sorted T-cell subpopulations revealed no evidence of monoclonality. Analysis of T-cell receptor excision circle levels indicated long proliferative history in the aberrant CD8+ T-cell subsets. This case provides an instructive example of uncontrolled reactive proliferation of CD8+ T cells in FHL, resulting in atypical morphology and unusual immunophenotypic features that might suggest malignancy in other clinical settings.