bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of background information and motion speed on the performance of TTC estimation
Authors: Tong Yao , Zhou Tie-min 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In previous studies, most research on motion perception have been conducted under background-free condition when the stimulus moved in a plane parallel to the observer. In real-life situations, people’s perception of the motion state of objects is usually done under different visual noise. Based on the occlusion paradigm, this study aimed to investigate whether different background information and motion speed affect the trend and accuracy of time-to-collision (TTC) estimation when stimuli move in a plane parallel to the observer.

Methods
Thirty five college students (mean age = 20.94, SD = 2.95, range = 18-28 years) participated in experiment 1, and used a 2 (background orientation: horizontal, vertical) × 3 (motion speed: slow, medium, fast) design to explore the effect of different line segment orientations and motion speed on TTC estimation performance; 36 college students (mean age = 20.81, SD = 2.82, range = 18-28 years) participated in experiment 2, and used a 2 (background dimension: two-dimensional background, three-dimensional background) × 3 (motion speed: slow, medium, fast) design to explore the effect of different background dimensions and motion speed on the performance of TTC estimation. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.

Results
The results revealed that: (1) The TTC was underestimated for the slow speed condition and overestimated for the medium and fast speed conditions. (2) The highest accuracy of TTC estimation was obtained for the fast condition. (3) The TTC were overestimated for the vertical background condition and underestimated for the horizontal background condition. (4) Compared to the two-dimensional background, the TTC was overestimated in the three-dimensional background.

Conclusions
Object motion speed affected the TTC estimation performance, and different background information affected the TTC estimation performance when the object moved in a plane parallel to the observer. Meanwhile, the impact of background orientation and motion speed showed significant interactions.
Seated Elliptical Exercise, But Not Periodic Standing, Alleviates Sitting-Induced Changes to Arterial Wave Reflections
Authors: ATHAIDE CHLOE E. , ROBERTSON ANDREW D. , DEVRIES MICHAELA C. , AU JASON S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Sedentary behavior may contribute to increased central wave reflection due to associated peripheral vasoconstriction, yet its impact on central hemodynamics and the mitigating effects of interventional strategies have not been thoroughly investigated. We tested whether standing or seated elliptical breaks alleviate the deleterious effects of prolonged sitting on central wave reflections.

Methods
Eighteen healthy adults (9 9 females, 25 ± 3 yr) completed three 3-h protocols on separate days: uninterrupted sitting, sitting with periodic standing, and sitting with periodic seated elliptical activity. Central wave reflection, central pulse wave velocity, and lower-limb pulse wave velocity were measured before and after each intervention.

Results
Central relative wave reflection magnitude (RM) increased during sitting (0.31 ± 0.05 to 0.35 ± 0.05; P < 0.01) but did not change after standing (0.30 ± 0.05 to 0.32 ± 0.04; P = 0.19) or elliptical protocols (0.30 ± 0.05 to 0.30 ± 0.04; P > 0.99). The change in RM during prolonged sitting (ΔRM) was attenuated with elliptical activity (0.04 ± 0.05 vs 0.00 ± 0.03; P = 0.02) but not with periodic standing (0.04 ± 0.04 vs 0.02 ± 0.05; P = 0.54). In addition, augmentation index and central pulse wave velocity increased after sitting (both P < 0.01) and periodic standing (both P < 0.01) but were unchanged after elliptical activity. Lower limb pulse wave velocity did not change after sitting (P = 0.73) or standing (P = 0.21) but did decrease after elliptical activity (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Prolonged sitting without interruptions increased central wave reflection, whereas elliptical but not standing interruptions were able to ameliorate multiple sitting-induced vascular consequences. More work is required to examine the long-term effectiveness of interruption strategies, as well as the optimal type, frequency, and duration for reducing vascular risk associated with sedentary behaviors.
Cone-beam computed tomography in implant dentistry - guidelines, current concepts and limitations for practice
Authors: Popińska Zuzanna , Ślusarczyk Daniel , Żmuda Bartłomiej , Jakubowska Wiktoria , Pisera Piotr , Kiełkowicz Aleksandra , Żuberek Michał , Pactwa Filip 
Published: January 2024

This article issues scientific background of Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the importance of taking x-rays before and after implant placement in daily practice as a common care. The review will introduce cone-beam computed tomography guidelines, restrictions and intraoperartive issues for instance nerve damage and bleeding incidents. Modern CBCT technology enables specialists to avoid making a wrong diagnosis, which translates into a higher percentage of people with a positive treatment outcome.
Diagnostic radiology is a crucial element of every dental treatment planning. CBCT market is expanding gradually since two decades, there are more than 85 distinct CBCT tools available. CBCT is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging used nowadays in dentistry with increased frequency and offers volumetric data on jaw bones and teeth with relatively low radiation doses and costs. Currently, the greatest advantage of CBCT examinations over radiographs is the fact that the image obtained is presented in a 3D projection and not, as is the case, in 2D. It has the ability to help a wider range of patients, but the use of CBCT also has negative consequences. Routine or excessive use has resulted in increased radiation doses accumulating in the patient's body, which translates into an increased risk of adverse effects. The risk varies according to the age of the patient under study and is directly proportional to it, that is, it is highest for young people and lower for older people. The potential risk is also slightly higher in the female population. For this reason, creating awareness of the mandatory patient safety management of CT scans is a key process by which X-ray exposures can be optimised.
Skin and mucosal lesions in the course of HIV infection
Authors: Jakubowska Wiktoria , Ślusarczyk Daniel , Pisera Piotr , Kiełkowicz Aleksandra , Pactwa Filip , Popińska Zuzanna , Żmuda Bartłomiej , Żuberek Michał 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Dermatological conditions are prevalent expressions of HIV and AIDS, often aiding in initial diagnoses due to their visibility on the skin and mucous membranes. Given HIV's primary transmission through sexual contact, dermatologists play a crucial role in identifying and managing these infections. Understanding the range of skin and mucosal lesions occurring throughout the course of the disease is vital, particularly as these symptoms can manifest in atypical ways or even precede other signs of immune deficiency. While most associated skin disorders can be treated in outpatient settings, some severe conditions significantly impact health outcomes.
Aim of the study:
The study aims to consolidate knowledge on the typical manifestations of HIV on the skin and mucous membranes, providing a comprehensive overview of these disease entities. The most common skin and mucosal symptoms associated with HIV infection are summarized and described.
Materials and methods:
The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: “HIV”, “AIDS”, “Skin lesions”, “Mucosal lesions”.
Conclusions:
Skin conditions are widespread in HIV-infected individuals, often displaying heightened severity compared to the general population. While many of these dermatological issues aren't unique to this group, their manifestations can be more pronounced. HIV-related skin problems vary widely, including specific eruptions linked to AIDS, opportunistic infections, and AIDS-related cancers. Although some HIV-associated skin diseases have decreased due to antiretroviral therapy, there's been a noticeable increase in drug reactions and other non-infectious skin conditions.
Family caregiver experience of caring COVID-19 patients admitted in COVID-19 hospital of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Prekshya , Lama Sami , Rai Gayatri , Sapkota Nidesh , Pradhan Nirmala , Thapa Roshni , Uprety Pratik , Basnet Madhur 
Published: January 2024

Background
Informal caregivers played a significant role in caring for COVID-19 patients during hospitalization in Nepal. This study aimed to understand the experiences of family caregivers attending to their relatives in a COVID-19 hospital in Nepal.

Methods
A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted to understand the caregiver’s experience in supporting their relatives admitted to the COVID-19 hospital of the BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS). Thirteen caregivers of COVID-19 positive patients were purposively selected from April to June, 2022. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at a caregiver residential facility using the interview schedule developed by the department for the purpose of data collection after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional review committee of BPKIHS. Data were audio recorded and manually analyzed.

Results
Among the 13 caregivers, six were male and seven were female. The findings were categorized into five domains: challenges encountered, changes in physical and mental health, changes in roles and responsibilities, positive experiences, and strategies to ease caregiving tasks. Major challenges included financial burdens, communication problems, stigmatization, Insecurity, substandard accommodation, and visitor restrictions. Caregivers reported negative emotions, unmet physical health needs, and shifts in family and occupational roles. Despite these challenges, caregivers attempted to cope positively and acknowledged the efforts of healthcare personnel and other family members. Suggestions for improving caregiving included providing essential medical and basic services within the hospital, enhancing accommodation facilities, establishing proper communication channels, and allowing visitations.

Conclusions
Caregivers of COVID-19 patients face significant challenges during the caregiving process. Enhancing hospital services, promoting effective communication, fostering positive attitudes, and ensuring a safe environment can facilitate caregiving tasks.
Association between timed up-and-go test and subsequent pneumonia: A cohort study
Authors: Lee Hyo Jin , Oh Sohee , Lee Hyun Woo , Lee Jung-Kyu , Heo Eun Young , Kim Deog Kyeom , Park Tae Yun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly, and the timed up-and-go test (TUG) can be used as a screening tool for sarcopenia in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TUG test results and future pneumonia or ventilator care.

Materials and methods
From the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort database, we identified 19,804 people without neurological diseases who underwent the TUG test in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages at the age of 66 years during 2007–2008. Gait abnormality was defined as taking 10 s or longer to perform the TUG test. Pneumonia occurrence was defined using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for pneumonia (J12–J18, J69), and ventilator care was defined by procedure codes (M5830, M5850, M5867, M5858, M5860, M5859) according to the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding system codes from 2007 to 2015.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 7.4 years (standard error, SE 0.02). The incidence rates of pneumonia in the normal and slow TUG groups were 38 and 39.5/1000 person-years, respectively. The slow TUG group did not show a higher risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.042; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.988–1.107]). Regarding ventilator care, the incidence was 4.7 and 5.2 cases per 1,000 person-years in the normal and slow TUG groups, respectively. Slow TUG groups also did not show an increased risk of ventilator occurrence (aHR, 1.136, [95% CI = 0.947–1.363]).

Conclusion
The TUG test result was not associated with future pneumonia or ventilator care and may not be useful for predicting pneumonia in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Further studies are needed to identify additional functional tools for sarcopenia associated with future pneumonia occurrences.
Patient and caregiver perspectives of select non-communicable diseases in India: A scoping review
Authors: Nila Sindhu , Dutta Eliza , Prakash S. S. , Korula Sophy , Oommen Anu Mary 
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives
Patient-reported measures of encounters in healthcare settings and consideration of their preferences could provide valuable inputs to improve healthcare quality. Although there are increasing reports of user experiences regarding health care in India in recent times, there is a lack of evidence from Indian healthcare settings on the care provided for patients with chronic diseases.

Methods
We selected diabetes mellitus and cancer as representatives of two common conditions requiring different care pathways. We conducted a scoping review of studies reporting experiences or preferences of patients/caregivers for these conditions, in PubMed, Global Index Medicus and grey literature, from the year 2000 onwards. Both published and emergent themes were derived from the data and summarised as a narrative synthesis.

Results
Of 95 included studies (49 diabetes, 46 cancer), 73% (65) were exclusively quantitative surveys, 79% included only patients (75), and 59.5% (44) were conducted in government centres. Studies were concentrated in a few states in India, with the underrepresentation of vulnerable population groups and representative studies. There was a lack of standardised tools and comprehensive approaches for assessing experiences and preferences of patients and caregivers, concerning diabetes and cancers in India. The commonest type of care assessed was therapeutic (74), with 14 cancer studies on diagnosis and nine on palliative care. Repeated visits to crowded centres, drug refill issues, unavailability of specific services in government facilities, and expensive private care characterised diabetes care, while cancer care involved delayed diagnosis and treatment, communication, and pain management issues.

Conclusions
There is a need for robust approaches and standardised tools to measure responsiveness of the healthcare system to patient needs, across geographical and population subgroups in India. Health system reforms are needed to improve access to high-quality care for treatment and palliation of cancer and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Routledge Handbook of African Media and Communication Studies, Winston Mano and viola c. milton (eds) (2021)
Authors: Xiang Yu 
Published: January 2024

Review of: Routledge Handbook of African Media and Communication Studies, Winston Mano and viola c. milton (eds) (2021)
Oxon: Routledge, 286 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13857-477-9, h/bk, $52.95
A generalized super-twisting algorithm-based adaptive fixed-time controller for spacecraft pose tracking
Authors: Gong Kejie , Wang Yong , Duan Yurui , Mei Yafei , Jiang Yu , Luo Da 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A generalized super-twisting second-order sliding mode adaptive fixed-time control law, which is used for spacecraft pose tracking in the presence of internal and external uncertainties, is proposed. Lie group SE(3) (for special Euclidean group), which is the configuration space for rigid body motion, is used for modeling the six-degrees-of-freedom dynamics of spacecraft. A fixed-time sliding mode surface is proposed and applied to design an generalized super-twisting sliding mode control law. A novel dual-layer adaption law for the controller is proposed to the ensure the gains varying rapidly with the disturbance. The adaptive second-order sliding mode controller guarantees a uniform exact convergence for the closed-loop tracking control system with less energy consumption. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the excellent performances of the control law.
Topological amenability of semihypergroups
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Choiti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article, we introduce and explore the notion of topological amenability in the broad setting of (locally compact) semihypergroups. We acquire several stationary, ergodic and Banach algebraic characterizations of the same in terms of convergence of certain probability measures, total variation of convolution with probability measures and translation of certain functionals, as well as the F-algebraic properties of the associated measure algebra. We further investigate the interplay between restriction of convolution product and convolution of restrictions of measures on a sub-semihypergroup. Finally, we discuss and characterize topological amenability of sub-semihypergroups in terms of certain invariance properties attained on the corresponding measure algebra of the parent semihypergroup. This in turn provides us with an affirmative answer to an open question posed by J. Wong in 1980.
Topological embeddings into transformation monoids
Authors: Bardyla Serhii , Elliott Luke , Mitchell James D. , Péresse Yann 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider the questions of which topological semigroups embed topologically into the full transformation monoid

ℕ
ℕ

{\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}}

or the symmetric inverse monoid

I
ℕ

{I_{\mathbb{N}}}

with their respective canonical Polish semigroup topologies. We characterise those topological semigroups that embed topologically into

ℕ
ℕ

{\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}}

and belong to any of the following classes: commutative semigroups, compact semigroups, groups, and certain Clifford semigroups. We prove analogous characterisations for topological inverse semigroups and

I
ℕ

{I_{\mathbb{N}}}

. We construct several examples of countable Polish topological semigroups that do not embed into

ℕ
ℕ

{\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}}

, which answer, in the negative, a recent open problem of Elliott et al. Additionally, we obtain two sufficient conditions for a topological Clifford semigroup to be metrizable, and prove that inversion is automatically continuous in every Clifford subsemigroup of

ℕ
ℕ

{\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}}

. The former complements recent works of Banakh et al.
Strategies to improve the thermal performance of solar collectors
Authors: Alshuraiaan Bader 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper evaluates a passive method for heat transfer improvement in heat exchangers, which implies the use of nanofluids. All calculations were carried out with a constant volumetric flow rate. The study examines three fluids with 0–4 % volume concentrations of CuO, MgO, and Al2O3 particles. The results indicate an increase in the heat transfer coefficient with increasing temperature. An Al2O3 nanofluid (4 % concentration) contributed to the best thermal performance. The incorporation of a 4 % content of MgO yielded an augmentation in heat transfer ranging from 15 % to 22 %, whereas an analogous concentration of CuO led to a more substantial enhancement of 25 %. Notably, the introduction of nanoparticles of Al2O3 produces a remarkable augmentation in heat transfer performance, with potential improvements of up to 36 %. The Nusselt number increases with increasing particle volume fraction and Reynolds number, according to results obtained for several nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO) with volume percentages in the range of 1–4 % and nanoparticle diameters of 25–70 nm. For all nanofluids, the time-averaged Nusselt number rises with a solid phase volume fraction increase of less than 5 %.
GAGA for nonreciprocal emitters: genetic algorithm gradient ascent optimization of compact magnetophotonic crystals
Authors: Gold Hannah , Pajovic Simo , Mukherjee Abhishek , Boriskina Svetlana V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fundamental limits of thermal radiation are imposed by Kirchhoff’s law, which assumes the electromagnetic reciprocity of a material or material system. Thus, breaking reciprocity can enable breaking barriers in thermal efficiency engineering. In this work, we present a subwavelength, 1D photonic crystal composed of Weyl semimetal and dielectric layers, whose structure was optimized to maximize the nonreciprocity of infrared radiation absorptance in a planar and compact design. To engineer an ultra-compact absorber structure that does not require gratings or prisms to couple light, we used a genetic algorithm (GA) to maximize nonreciprocity in the design globally, followed by the application of the numerical gradient ascent (GAGA) algorithm as a local optimization to further enhance the design. We chose Weyl semimetals as active layers in our design as they possess strong, intrinsic nonreciprocity, and do not require an external magnetic field. The resulting GAGA-generated 1D magnetophotonic crystal offers high nonreciprocity (quantified by absorptance contrast) while maintaining an ultra-compact design with much fewer layers than prior work. We account for both s- and p-polarized absorptance spectra to create a final, eight-layer design suitable for thermal applications, which simultaneously minimizes the parasitic, reciprocal absorptance of s-polarized light.
Integral Laplacian graphs with a unique repeated Laplacian eigenvalue, I
Authors: Hameed Abdul , Tyaglov Mikhail 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe setSi,n={0,1,2,…,n−1,n}\{i}{S}_{i,n}=\left\{0,1,2,\ldots ,n-1,n\right\}\setminus \left\{i\right\},1⩽i⩽n1\leqslant i\leqslant n, is called Laplacian realizable if there exists an undirected simple graph whose Laplacian spectrum isSi,n{S}_{i,n}. The existence of such graphs was established by Fallat et al. (On graphs whose Laplacian matrices have distinct integer eigenvalues, J. Graph Theory50(2005), 162–174). In this article, we consider graphs whose Laplacian spectra have the formS{i,j}nm={0,1,2,…,m−1,m,m,m+1,…,n−1,n}\{i,j},0<i<j⩽n,{S}_{{\left\{i,j\right\}}_{n}^{m}}=\left\{0,1,2,\ldots ,m-1,m,m,m+1,\ldots ,n-1,n\right\}\setminus \left\{i,j\right\},\hspace{1.0em}0\lt i\lt j\leqslant n,and completely describe those withm=n−1m=n-1andm=nm=n. We also show close relations between graphs realizingSi,n{S}_{i,n}andS{i,j}nm{S}_{{\left\{i,j\right\}}_{n}^{m}}and discuss the so-calledSn,n{S}_{n,n}-conjecture and the corresponding conjecture forS{i,n}nm{S}_{{\left\{i,n\right\}}_{n}^{m}}.