bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Doctor Returns
Authors: Velde Lea Vander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In florida, the war against the Seminoles was going well. News reached St. Louis that Col. William S. Harney, one of the city’s own officers, had captured 40 Indian “savages” and hanged 10 of them on the spot. The newspaper applauded the swift executions as more effective than the government policy, which, they said, coddled the Indians and their runaway slave allies. Although in war Col. Harney’s brutality made him a hero, he was already infamous among the black population of St. Louis for having beaten a slave woman to death on the street for disobedience.
1843 Interlude: Jefferson Barracks between Wars of National Expansion
Authors: Velde Lea Vander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That spring, a third Sanford sister, Mary, and her officer husband, Capt. Bainbridge, arrived in St. Louis from Florida under circumstances much more favorable than the doctor’s. The Bainbridges had introduced Dr. Emerson to his wife, when Irene visited them in Louisiana in search of a husband. Since then Capt. Bainbridge had enjoyed a plum assignment recruiting in New York but he had reached Florida just in time to see some action and the end of the war. Soon after he rejoined his unit, the third infantry, it was feted in Tallahassee as the war’s heroes. What fortunate timing! Now Capt. Bainbridge’s unit returned from the war in high spirits, and it was assigned to Jefferson Barracks, south of St. Louis— exactly where Dr. Emerson had long desired to be.
Before the High Court
Authors: Velde Lea Vander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After hugh garland’s death, a much more prominent St. Louis lawyer, Henry S. Geyer, took over representing Sanford in the appeal. (His services too were probably arranged by Benami Garland.) Sanford himself was planning another trip to Europe at the time. Geyer appears to have been more of an ideological choice than Garland’s cousin, Hugh. Henry Geyer had represented the state in defending mandatory licensing of free blacks challenged by Charles Lyons by arguing that Lyons had no privileges and immunities that were impinged by the law because he was not a citizen of Kentucky where he was born free. Geyer would similarly claim in the high court that the Scotts were not citizens. Geyer had recently defeated Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton for his Senate seat in the 1850 election. He agreed to argue the case without compensation, an incongruous gesture since his client was one of New York’s richest men. Former attorney general Reverdy Johnson was enlisted for Sanford as oral advocate before the nation’s high court. Reverdy Johnson had not only been U.S. attorney general in Taylor’s cabinet, but he had also represented the Chouteau family previously in land claims before the Supreme Court.
The Young Musician’s Survival Guide
Authors: Nathan Amy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Learning to play an instrument can be fund and, at times, frustrating. This lively, accessible book helps young people cope with the difficulties involved in learning a new instrument and remaining dedicated to playing and practicing. Teens from renowned music programs - including the Juilliard School's Pre-College Program and Boston University's Tanglewood Institute - join pro musicians such as Wynton Marsalis, Paula Robison, and James Galway in offering practical answers to questions from what instrument to play to where the musical road may lead. In this revised and expanded edition, Amy Nathan has updated the book to address today's more technologically-minded young musician. Expanded sections cover the various ways students can use technology to assist in mastering an instrument and in making practice time more productive, from using the Internet to download pieces to be learned and playing along with downloaded tunes to practicing with computer-based practice programs, CDs, and videos/DVDs of musical performances. She also addresses concerns of young composers and conductors, two groups not mentioned in the original edition. The book's updated Resource Guide suggests where to get additional help, both online and off.
Introduction
Authors: Redman Charles L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The patterns humans impose on the earth, purposefully as well as inadvertently, through land-use change are fundamental determinants of local, regional, and global ecological processes that ultimately influence the sustainability of both biological and cultural landscapes, and thus human quality of life. These landscapes result from integrated socioeconomic and ecological dynamics playing out across potentially vast scales of space, time, and organizational complexity (Levin, 1999; Turner et al., 1990; Vitousek et al., 1997). Ecological systems have intrinsic temporal rhythms, driven by such things as generation time, age of reproduction, and disturbance frequencies. They also exhibit patterns on characteristic spatial scales, formed by such things as dispersal distance, topography, and interaction lengths. Moreover, these ecological systems also bear the signature of human institutions that act—either directly or indirectly—to alter the dominant spatial and temporal modes (e.g., suppressing fire frequencies or homogenizing landscapes) or to introduce new ones (e.g., 5-year planning cycles or rectangular state boundaries) (Carpenter and Gunderson, 2001; Pyne, 1997; Scheffer et al., 2001; Turner et al., 2002).
Changing Agrarian Landscapes across America A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Sylvester Kenneth M , Gutmann Myron P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over a mere five or six human generations, agriculture has all but disappeared from rural landscapes in the eastern half of the United States. During an equally brief period, agriculture has transformed forests, valleys, prairies, and plains in the interior of the continent. Economic models have explained the shift in terms of the lower costs of land, the larger scale of farming, and better connections to export markets, via river transport at first and then by rail (Fitzgerald, 2003; Gardner, 2002; Hart, 2003). Enormous gains in agricultural productivity since the green revolution have accelerated these trends, ensuring that the physical extent of agricultural land peaked in the United States in 1950, and the pace of abandonment has quickened (Theobald, 2001; Theobald et al., 2005). In the information age, distance to nearby population centers is an increasingly unimportant factor in predicting the prevalence of agricultural land use. With a nationally integrated market and export-driven demand shaping landuse patterns, the production locations have shifted to landscapes with fertile soils; flat, open terrain; and favorable climates. Still, we know that landscapes in the six areas examined have not escaped the legacies of prior patterns of development. Each was managed in different and path-dependent ways during the past 130 years.
New England’s Forest Landscape Ecological Legacies and Conservation Patterns Shaped by Agrarian History
Authors: Foster David R , Donahue Brian , Kittredge David , Motzkin Glenn , Hall Brian , Turner Billie , Chilton Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After a regionwide two-century period of deforestation and agrarian expansion, the dramatic reduction in agriculture in New England during the past 150 years generated a wave of land-cover change. Forest cover increased from less than 30% to more than 75% in many regions. Despite supporting one of the densest human populations in the nation, New England is among the most heavily forested regions in the United States. The story of this remarkable landscape transformation is one of recovery of nature, the legacy of past events in the details of modern ecosystems, and opportunity matched by challenge for conservation.
Introduction to Biological Invasions: Biological, Economic, and Social Perspectives
Authors: Lodge David M , Lewis Mark A , Shogren, Jason F , Keller Reuben P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last two decades, experts and the public have recognized two important things about many anthropogenic environmental changes: frst, these changes are increasingly global in scope, and second, they are hard to reverse. These characteristics apply with special force to harmful nonindigenous species, which we refer to as “invasive species” throughout this book. Both the global scope and the difficulty of reversing invasions impart considerable urgency to increasing our understanding of this problem. Invading organisms reproduce and spread, even if we cease introducing more individuals. The problem of harmful invasive species gets worse without management.
The Music Teaching Artist’s Bible
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the artist moves into the classroom or community to educate and inspire students and audience members, this is Teaching Artistry. It is a proven means for practicing professional musicians to create a successful career in music, providing not only necessary income but deep and lasting satisfaction through engaging people in learning experiences about the arts. Filled with practical advice on the most critical issues facing the music teaching artist today-from economic and time-management issues of being a musician and teacher to communicating effectively with students-The Music Teaching Artist's Bible uncovers the essentials that every musician needs in order to thrive in this role. Author Eric Booth offers both inspiration and how-to, step-by-step guidance in this truly comprehensive manual that music teaching artists will turn to again and again. The book also includes critical information on becoming a mentor, succeeding in school environments, partnering with other teaching artists, advocating for music and arts education, and teaching private lessons. The Music Teaching Artist's Bible helps practicing and aspiring teaching artists gain the skills they need to build new audiences, improve the presence of music in schools, expand the possibilities of traditional and educational performances, and ultimately make their lives as an artists even more satisfying and fulfilling.
Teaching Artists in the Arts Learning Ecosystem
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The arts appeared on day two in human history, beating the wheel by an aeon or more. In all those millennia, the original four disciplines— music, dance, visual arts, and theater—have each evolved in their own ways, and the only new kid on the artistic block since then is the literary arts. I sometimes refer to teaching artistry as the sixth artistic discipline, or as the in-between artistic discipline that closes the gaps.
The Best Reason for Being a Teaching Artist
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many musicians have told me that they have no interest in acquiring educational skills: “Hey, I spent enough years learning how to play this instrument. I don’t need to start learning new skills.” Or “Why do you think I went into music? Precisely because I wanted to speak the language of music and not education-ese.” Fair enough. So why bother? Before we begin to answer that fundamental question, let’s clarify our terms.
Inside the Liminal Zone
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What do you do when you don’t know what to do? That in-between place, between what you know and what you don’t know, is an overlooked but crucial area in the arts and arts learning. It is sometimes called the liminal zone. You know this zone—you perform in it when you improvise, and you listen from inside it, moment by moment, as you make personal connections to music you have not heard before.
The Habits of Mind of Musical Learning
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last chapter we entered the liminal zone—that mysterious internal space of not-knowing, in which we encounter the new. This in-between state is the overlooked epicenter of audience experience, where people come to love, like, hate, feel stupid or confused, be drawn in or repelled, find or not find satisfying personal connections to music. I argued that the ways listeners react when in this zone are largely a function of how many inner tools they have for connecting to the music as it unfolds. Teaching artists can—must— help people develop those tools. Expert tour guides in the liminal zone, teaching artists can teach people what to do when they don’t know what to do—and teach what else to do if what they already know ain’t working.
A Teaching Artist’s Curriculum
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ideal. Doesn’t the word have a nice ring to it? “What would be the ideal way to learn something you care about?” Just considering such a question begins to make me happy. Of course, we rarely get to live in an ideal anything, but conjuring the ideal can clarify what we aspire to. What would be the ideal curriculum for training a music teaching artist? In a best of all possible worlds, what would that young musician study to develop her educator’s skills along with her artistic skills? The nationwide trend, widely referred to as “the professionalization of the teaching artist,” invites us to consider the development of those skills and even indulge in the luxury of considering what might work best.
Reflecting on Reflection
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider the following: Can anyone—no matter how gifted—learn to play a passage well without being able to hear how it sounds objectively and then extrapolate what needs to be done to improve it? Can a composer create a movement without the habit of noticing where it is going, and sensing better and worse choices a thousand times along the way? Good musicians work with those skills deep in their bones—so deep that reflection and self-assessment are not separated from musical action at all; they become fused with the acts of performance and creation. Yet teaching artists too often forget to develop these crucial reflection skills in their students.
Fuller Audience Engagement: What Does It Look Like?
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because musicians are generally polite by nature (no comments about low brass, please), they don’t actually speak that sentence above—but they probably think it at some point in my workshops. Since I often teach general principles for drawing general audiences into satisfying musical experiences, it’s fair enough to request examples of what those ideas actually look like in a concert. So let’s get specific. This chapter will talk you through one concert I saw in 2002 that elegantly and playfully exemplified some excellent strategies that all ensembles can use to enliven their interactions with audiences.
The Private Music Lesson
Authors: Booth Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Teaching artists bring an additional set of tools and gifts to the private lesson—if they apply what they know from other settings to the one-on-one intensity of this partnership. The best private teachers I know are those who use all their teaching artistry in the closed room. In this chapter we will remind ourselves of the teaching artist basics that are sometimes overlooked in private lessons, and we will explore those learning foundations, like motivation, atmosphere, and self-assessment, that make the crucial difference to the private student’s learning journey.
Brain Plasticity
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In earlier chapters, we identified a number of potential key areas for our working memory capacity, and laid them out on the brain map. The cognitive neurosciences, which saw a burst of popularity in the 1990s along with the development of new brain imaging techniques, have largely been devoted to this very kind of mapping, in which different areas of the brain are assigned different functions. Sometimes the science is mocked, its detractors dismissing it as a kind of modern phrenology. The phrenologists were nineteenth-century charlatans who made pronouncements about human characteristics by feeling the depressions and bumps of the cranium. Not only were the phrenologists unscientific, but their measurements of the skull also fed into early-twentieth-century racial biology.
There Have Been Frequent Flooding and Sea-Level Change Events on Earth
Authors: Officer Charles , Page Jake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Someone once said that there is nothing like a waiting noose to focus the mind. It is possible to argue that the mind is equally focused by waters rising above one’s feet of clay. Most of the people in the world still live along watercourses or near seacoasts, as water is a life-sustaining element. But water, impelled by planetary forces and following its own agenda, often rises up and destroys. Floods are so common, in fact, that we tend to lose track of them as a matter of importance in a catalog of natural disasters. Few floods cause great, concentrated losses of life, except the ones that— remote from our lives—carry off tens of thousands of citizens in places like Bangladesh. We are more apt to think of floods as photographs of people making do, sloshing around in a few feet of water in the aftermath of a hurricane or surprisingly heavy rainstorm, their houses full of muck, their tax and other records, perhaps, a soggy mass of useless pulp. The U.S. Weather Bureau tracks hurricanes these days, and local governments, warned well in advance, typically evacuate their citizens.
Then Along Came Us and We Have Effected Vast Environmental Changes on a Local and Regional Scale
Authors: Officer Charles , Page Jake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Up to this point we have been looking at the Earth’s activities and their effects on climate, on life in general, and more recently on mankind itself. But now, when we look at mankind’s effects on the natural environment, we have hit the fast-forward button. We are dealing with a far different time scale. The historical record goes back only around 7,000 years, and even human prehistory—perhaps some 50,000 years—is but an instant in geologic time. Humans have always had some effect on their environment—for example, by the time of the Romans, water pollution was a moderate problem—but only locally, here and there. By 1800, water pollution had become a regional problem in numerous areas around the world. But the most noticeable environmental changes have come about since then, essentially with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. It is not just the total effects that are of interest; far more important are the rates of change. For if continued indefinitely at increasing rates, the Earth would become largely uninhabitable.
Taking Back the Streets of San Francisco
Authors: Sides Josh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“I am not going to be forced out of San Francisco by splinter groups of radicals, social deviates and incorrigibles,” Dan White wrote in his campaign literature in 1977. The supervisorial candidate tapped into longtime residents’ festering resentment. “You must realize that there are thousands upon thousands of frustrated angry people such as yourselves waiting to unleash a fury that can and will eradicate the malignancies which blight our beautiful city.”1 White was exceptionally incendiary, but his message was pedestrian: more San Franciscans shared his views than is commonly believed, and they organized with increasing effectiveness through the late 1970s.
The Future of Bioethics
Authors: Brody Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bioethics, born in the 1960s and 1970s, has achieved great success, but also has experienced recent growing pains, as illustrated by the case of Terri Schiavo. In The Future of Bioethics, Howard Brody, a physician and scholar who dates his entry into the field in 1972, sifts through the various issues that bioethics is now addressing--and some that it is largely ignoring--to chart a course for the future. Traditional bioethical concerns such as medical care at the end of life and research on human subjects will continue to demand attention. Brody chooses to focus instead on less obvious issues that will promise to stimulate new ways of thinking. He argues for a bioethics grounded in interdisciplinary medical humanities, including literature, history, religion, and the social sciences. Drawing on his previous work, Brody argues that most of the issues concerned involve power disparities. Bioethics’ response ought to combine new concepts that take power relationships seriously, with new practical activities that give those now lacking power a greater voice. A chapter on community dialogue outlines a role for the general public in bioethics deliberations. Lessons about power initially learned from feminist bioethics need to be expanded into new areas--cross cultural, racial and ethnic, and global and environmental issues, as well as the concerns of persons with disabilities. Bioethics has neglected important ethical controversies that are most often discussed in primary care, such as patient-centered care, evidence-based medicine, and pay-for-performance. Brody concludes by considering the tension between bioethics as contemplative scholarship and bioethics as activism. He urges a more activist approach, insisting that activism need not cause a premature end to ongoing conversations among bioethicists defending widely divergent views and thcories.
Bioethics’ Interdisciplinary Base
Authors: Brody Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The March–April 2006 issue of the Hastings Center Report contained two major articles, by Bruce Jennings and Barry Hoffmaster, respectively. Jennings addressed the care of patients with traumatic brain injury, while Hoffmaster addressed “vulnerability,” especially as it applies to the elderly with disabilities and their caregivers. Jennings used as a recurring motif in his paper the poetry of Wallace Stevens, particularly “The Idea of Order at Key West.” Hoffmaster developed his paper around two narratives, those of his father and his mother, both in their mid-eighties. There was a day not too long past when the majority of bioethicists would have rejected both these papers out-of-hand. Jennings’s paper might have been viewed as a literary exercise rather than “real” bioeth- ics. Hoffmaster’s discussion would have been dismissed as unaccept- ably subjective and anecdotal.2
Overview: Bioethics, Power, and Learning to See
Authors: Brody Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter lays out a conceptual model that will be used in the next four chapters. The model is derived from one form of feminist ethics and addresses an aspect of power disparities that, if not understood, could undermine careful ethical refection. I will then proceed to apply some aspects of this model to cross-cultural issues, race and health dis- parities, disabilities, and international health justice. Judy Andre argues that an important part of moral growth and development is “learning to see.”1 A good deal of bioethics is written as if the central problem were reasoning correctly from given facts to the desired moral conclusions. That model presumes that the facts are indeed given at the outset—that is, all discussants are aware of the facts and would readily agree on what they are. When we are spoon-fed “the facts” in a typical bioethics textbook case presentation (“The patient is a 67-year-old woman who completed an advance directive ten years previously . . . “), the notion is reinforced that “the facts of the case” are there for the asking.