bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local H2 release remodels senescence microenvironment for improved repair of injured bone
Authors: Chen Shengqiang , Yu Yuanman , Xie Songqing , Liang Danna , Shi Wei , Chen Sizhen , Li Guanglin , Tang Wei , Liu Changsheng , He Qianjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe senescence microenvironment, which causes persistent inflammation and loss of intrinsic regenerative abilities, is a main obstacle to effective tissue repair in elderly individuals. In this work, we find that local H2 supply can remodel the senescence microenvironment by anti-inflammation and anti-senescence effects in various senescent cells from skeletally mature bone. We construct a H2-releasing scaffold which can release high-dosage H2 (911 mL/g, up to 1 week) by electrospraying polyhydroxyalkanoate-encapsulated CaSi2 nanoparticles onto mesoporous bioactive glass. We demonstrate efficient remodeling of the microenvironment and enhanced repair of critical-size bone defects in an aged mouse model. Mechanistically, we reveal that local H2 release alters the microenvironment from pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation by senescent macrophages repolarization and secretome change. We also show that H2 alleviates the progression of aging/injury-superposed senescence, facilitates the recruitment of endogenous cells and the preservation of their regeneration capability, thereby creating a pro-regenerative microenvironment able to support bone defect regeneration.
Discovery and remodeling of Vibrio natriegens as a microbial platform for efficient formic acid biorefinery
Authors: Tian Jinzhong , Deng Wangshuying , Zhang Ziwen , Xu Jiaqi , Yang Guiling , Zhao Guoping , Yang Sheng , Jiang Weihong , Gu Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFormic acid (FA) has emerged as a promising one-carbon feedstock for biorefinery. However, developing efficient microbial hosts for economically competitive FA utilization remains a grand challenge. Here, we discover that the bacterium Vibrio natriegens has exceptional FA tolerance and metabolic capacity natively. This bacterium is remodeled by rewiring the serine cycle and the TCA cycle, resulting in a non-native closed loop (S-TCA) which as a powerful metabolic sink, in combination with laboratory evolution, enables rapid emergence of synthetic strains with significantly improved FA-utilizing ability. Further introduction of a foreign indigoidine-forming pathway into the synthetic V. natriegens strain leads to the production of 29.0 g · L−1 indigoidine and consumption of 165.3 g · L−1 formate within 72 h, achieving a formate consumption rate of 2.3 g · L−1 · h−1. This work provides an important microbial chassis as well as design rules to develop industrially viable microorganisms for FA biorefinery.
Proton and molecular permeation through the basal plane of monolayer graphene oxide
Authors: Wu Z. F. , Sun P. Z. , Wahab O. J. , Tan Y. T. , Barry D. , Periyanagounder D. , Pillai P. B. , Dai Q. , Xiong W. Q. , Vega L. F. , Lulla K. , Yuan S. J. , Nair R. R. , Daviddi E. , Unwin P. R. , Geim A. K. , Lozada-Hidalgo M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials offer a prospect of membranes that combine negligible gas permeability with high proton conductivity and could outperform the existing proton exchange membranes used in various applications including fuel cells. Graphene oxide (GO), a well-known 2D material, facilitates rapid proton transport along its basal plane but proton conductivity across it remains unknown. It is also often presumed that individual GO monolayers contain a large density of nanoscale pinholes that lead to considerable gas leakage across the GO basal plane. Here we show that relatively large, micrometer-scale areas of monolayer GO are impermeable to gases, including helium, while exhibiting proton conductivity through the basal plane which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of graphene. These findings provide insights into the key properties of GO and demonstrate that chemical functionalization of 2D crystals can be utilized to enhance their proton transparency without compromising gas impermeability.
Mutual modulation of gut microbiota and the immune system in type 1 diabetes models
Authors: Rosell-Mases Estela , Santiago Alba , Corral-Pujol Marta , Yáñez Francisca , Varela Encarna , Egia-Mendikute Leire , Arpa Berta , Cosovanu Catalina , Panosa Anaïs , Serrano-Gómez Gerard , Mora Conchi , Verdaguer Joan , Manichanh Chaysavanh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe transgenic 116C-NOD mouse strain exhibits a prevalent Th17 phenotype, and reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A cohousing experiment between both models revealed lower T1D incidence in NOD mice cohoused with 116C-NOD, associated with gut microbiota changes, reduced intestinal permeability, shifts in T and B cell subsets, and a transition from Th1 to Th17 responses. Distinct gut bacterial signatures were linked to T1D in each group. Using a RAG-2−/− genetic background, we found that T cell alterations promoted segmented filamentous bacteria proliferation in young NOD and 116C-NOD, as well as in immunodeficient NOD.RAG-2−/− and 116C-NOD.RAG-2−/− mice across all ages. Bifidobacterium colonization depended on lymphocytes and thrived in a non-diabetogenic environment. Additionally, 116C-NOD B cells in 116C-NOD.RAG-2−/− mice enriched the gut microbiota in Adlercreutzia and reduced intestinal permeability. Collectively, these results indicate reciprocal modulation between gut microbiota and the immune system in rodent T1D models.
A fully integrated, standalone stretchable device platform with in-sensor adaptive machine learning for rehabilitation
Authors: Xu Hongcheng , Zheng Weihao , Zhang Yang , Zhao Daqing , Wang Lu , Zhao Yunlong , Wang Weidong , Yuan Yangbo , Zhang Ji , Huo Zimin , Wang Yuejiao , Zhao Ningjuan , Qin Yuxin , Liu Ke , Xi Ruida , Chen Gang , Zhang Haiyan , Tang Chu , Yan Junyu , Ge Qi , Cheng Huanyu , Lu Yang , Gao Libo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPost-surgical treatments of the human throat often require continuous monitoring of diverse vital and muscle activities. However, wireless, continuous monitoring and analysis of these activities directly from the throat skin have not been developed. Here, we report the design and validation of a fully integrated standalone stretchable device platform that provides wireless measurements and machine learning-based analysis of diverse vibrations and muscle electrical activities from the throat. We demonstrate that the modified composite hydrogel with low contact impedance and reduced adhesion provides high-quality long-term monitoring of local muscle electrical signals. We show that the integrated triaxial broad-band accelerometer also measures large body movements and subtle physiological activities/vibrations. We find that the combined data processed by a 2D-like sequential feature extractor with fully connected neurons facilitates the classification of various motion/speech features at a high accuracy of over 90%, which adapts to the data with noise from motion artifacts or the data from new human subjects. The resulting standalone stretchable device with wireless monitoring and machine learning-based processing capabilities paves the way to design and apply wearable skin-interfaced systems for the remote monitoring and treatment evaluation of various diseases.
Alignment between initial state and mixer improves QAOA performance for constrained optimization
Authors: He Zichang , Shaydulin Ruslan , Chakrabarti Shouvanik , Herman Dylan , Li Changhao , Sun Yue , Pistoia Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) has a strong connection to the adiabatic algorithm, which it can approximate with sufficient depth. However, it is unclear to what extent the lessons from the adiabatic regime apply to QAOA as executed in practice with small to moderate depth. In this paper, we demonstrate that the intuition from the adiabatic algorithm applies to the task of choosing the QAOA initial state. Specifically, we observe that the best performance is obtained when the initial state of QAOA is set to be the ground state of the mixing Hamiltonian, as required by the adiabatic algorithm. We provide numerical evidence using the examples of constrained portfolio optimization problems with both low (p ≤ 3) and high (p = 100) QAOA depth. Additionally, we successfully apply QAOA with XY mixer to portfolio optimization on a trapped-ion quantum processor using 32 qubits and discuss our findings in near-term experiments.
A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to rising CO2
Authors: Keenan T. F. , Luo X. , Stocker B. D. , De Kauwe M. G. , Medlyn B. E. , Prentice I. C. , Smith N. G. , Terrer C. , Wang H. , Zhang Y. , Zhou S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTheory predicts that rising CO2 increases global photosynthesis, a process known as CO2 fertilization, and that this is responsible for much of the current terrestrial carbon sink. The estimated magnitude of the historic CO2 fertilization, however, differs by an order of magnitude between long-term proxies, remote sensing-based estimates and terrestrial biosphere models. Here we constrain the likely historic effect of CO2 on global photosynthesis by combining terrestrial biosphere models, ecological optimality theory, remote sensing approaches and an emergent constraint based on global carbon budget estimates. Our analysis suggests that CO2 fertilization increased global annual terrestrial photosynthesis by 13.5 ± 3.5% or 15.9 ± 2.9 PgC (mean ± s.d.) between 1981 and 2020. Our results help resolve conflicting estimates of the historic sensitivity of global terrestrial photosynthesis to CO2 and highlight the large impact anthropogenic emissions have had on ecosystems worldwide.
Infants’ looking preferences for social versus non-social objects reflect genetic variation
Authors: Portugal Ana Maria , Viktorsson Charlotte , Taylor Mark J. , Mason Luke , Tammimies Kristiina , Ronald Angelica , Falck-Ytter Terje 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo what extent do individual differences in infants’ early preference for faces versus non-facial objects reflect genetic and environmental factors? Here in a sample of 536 5-month-old same-sex twins, we assessed attention to faces using eye tracking in two ways: initial orienting to faces at the start of the trial (thought to reflect subcortical processing) and sustained face preference throughout the trial (thought to reflect emerging attention control). Twin model fitting suggested an influence of genetic and unique environmental effects, but there was no evidence for an effect of shared environment. The heritability of face orienting and preference were 0.19 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.33) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.57), respectively. Face preference was associated positively with later parent-reported verbal competence (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.25, P = 0.014, R2 = 0.018, N = 420). This study suggests that individual differences in young infants’ selection of perceptual input—social versus non-social—are heritable, providing a developmental perspective on gene–environment interplay occurring at the level of eye movements.
Effect of routine suction on lung aeration in critically ill neonates and young infants measured with electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Händel Claas , Becher Tobias , Miedema Martijn , Kallio Merja , Papadouri Thalia , Waldmann Andreas D. , Sophocleous Louiza , Karaoli Christina , Yerworth Rebecca , Bayford Richard , Rimensberger Peter C. , van Kaam Anton H. , Frerichs Inéz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEndotracheal suctioning is a widely used procedure to remove secretions from the airways of ventilated patients. Despite its prevalence, regional effects of this maneuver have seldom been studied. In this study, we explore its effects on regional lung aeration in neonates and young infants using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) as part of the large EU-funded multicenter observational study CRADL. 200 neonates and young infants in intensive care units were monitored with EIT for up to 72 h. EIT parameters were calculated to detect changes in ventilation distribution, ventilation inhomogeneity and ventilation quantity on a breath-by-breath level 5–10 min before and after suctioning. The intratidal change in aeration over time was investigated by means of regional expiratory time constants calculated from all respiratory cycles using an innovative procedure and visualized by 2D maps of the thoracic cross-section. 344 tracheal suctioning events from 51 patients could be analyzed. They showed no or very small changes of EIT parameters, with a dorsal shift of the center of ventilation by 0.5% of the chest diameter and a 7% decrease of tidal impedance variation after suctioning. Regional time constants did not change significantly. Routine suctioning led to EIT-detectable but merely small changes of the ventilation distribution in this study population. While still a measure requiring further study, the time constant maps may help clinicians interpret ventilation mechanics in specific cases.
Sliding principal component and dynamic reward reinforcement learning based IIoT attack detection
Authors: Ellappan Vijayan , Mahendran Anand , Subramanian Murali , Jotheeswaran Jeevanandam , Khadidos Adil O. , Khadidos Alaa O. , Selvarajan Shitharth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) involves the gathering of all those devices that connect to the Internet with the purpose of collecting and sharing data. The application of IoT in the different sectors, including health, industry has also picked up the threads to augment over the past few years. The IoT and, by integrity, the IIoT, are found to be highly susceptible to different types of threats and attacks owing to the networks nature that in turn leads to even poor outcomes (i.e., increasing error rate). Hence, it is critical to design attack detection systems that can provide the security of IIoT networks. To overcome this research work of IIoT attack detection in large amount of evolutions is failed to determine the certain attacks resulting in a minimum detection performance, reinforcement learning-based attack detection method called sliding principal component and dynamic reward reinforcement learning (SPC–DRRL) for detecting various IIoT network attacks is introduced. In the first stage of this research methodology, preprocessing of raw TON_IoT dataset is performed by employing min–max normalization scaling function to obtain normalized values with same scale. Next, with the processed sample data as output, to extract data from multi-sources (i.e., different service profiles from the dataset), a robust log likelihood sliding principal component-based feature extraction algorithm is applied with an arbitrary size sliding window to extract computationally-efficient features. Finally, dynamic reward reinforcement learning-based IIoT attack detection model is presented to control the error rate involved in the design. Here, with the design of dynamic reward function and introducing incident repository that not only generates the reward function in an arbitrary fashion but also stores the action results in the incident repository for the next training, therefore reducing the attack detection error rate. Moreover, an IIoT attack detection system based on SPC–DRRL is constructed. Finally, we verify the algorithm on the ToN_IoT dataset of University of New South Wales Australia. The experimental results show that the IIoT attack detection time and overhead along with the error rate are reduced considerably with higher accuracy than that of traditional reinforcement learning methods.
NAxtra magnetic nanoparticles for low-cost, efficient isolation of mammalian DNA and RNA
Authors: Starheim Eirin Johannessen , Ravlo Erlend , Schjølberg Jørn-Ove , Solvang Vanessa , Wang Wei , Scrimgeour Nathan Robert , Manaf Adeel , Erlandsen Sten Even , Aas Per Arne , Hagen Lars , de Sousa Mirta Mittelstedt Leal , Bjørås Magnar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA cost-effective, viral nucleic acid (NA) isolation kit based on NAxtra magnetic nanoparticles was developed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in response to the shortage of commercial kits for isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This method showed comparable sensitivity to available kits at significantly reduced cost, making its application for other biological sources an intriguing prospect. Thus, based on this low-cost nucleic acid extraction technology, we developed a simple, low- and high-throughput, efficient method for isolation of high-integrity total NA, DNA and RNA from mammalian cell lines (monolayer) and organoids (3D-cultures). The extracted NA are compatible with downstream applications including (RT-)qPCR and next-generation sequencing. When automated, NA isolation can be performed in 14 min for up to 96 samples, yielding similar quantities to available kits.
Early detection of brain metastases and appropriate local therapy followed by systemic chemotherapy may improve the prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Ishizuka Yasunobu , Omori Takeshi , Shinno Naoki , Yamamoto Masaaki , Hara Hisashi , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Nishio Minako , Nishida Naohiro , Fujisawa Fumie , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Yagi Toshinari , Goto Masahiro , Nishikawa Hiroki , Kudo Toshihiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrain metastases develop in 0.5–0.7% of patients with gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. Although rare, brain metastasis is often identified when the patient is already symptomatic; hence prognosis is poor. Given the therapeutic developments for G/GEJ cancer, overall survival is prolonged, thereby the incidence of brain metastases is predicted to increase. We retrospectively surveyed the rate of brain metastasis among 1257 patients diagnosed with G/GEJ cancer who received chemotherapy between January 2011 and April 2021. We investigated the time of onset of brain metastasis, treatments administered, and impact of the metastasis on the overall treatment course and prognosis. Of the 741 patients included in the analysis, brain metastasis was confirmed in 16 (2.2%). The median survival time (MST) from G/GEJ cancer diagnosis was 14.9 months in patients with brain metastasis detected during the treatment period, and the MST from the diagnosis of brain metastasis was 2.8 months. Patients who received chemotherapy exhibited prolonged survival compared with those who did not (12.4 months vs 1.0 months, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the early detection of brain metastases and local therapy for poor responders to chemotherapy enable the continuation of chemotherapy and prolong survival.
Tuberculosis testing patterns in South Africa to identify groups that would benefit from increased investigation
Authors: Shapiro Anne N. , Scott Lesley , Moultrie Harry , Jacobson Karen R. , Bor Jacob , Fofana Abdou M. , Dor Graeme , Ndjeka Norbert O. , da Silva Pedro , Mlisana Koleka , Jenkins Helen E. , Stevens Wendy S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) collects all public health laboratory test results in South Africa, providing a cohort from which to identify groups, by age, sex, HIV, and viral suppression status, that would benefit from increased tuberculosis (TB) testing. Using NHLS data (2012–2016), we assessed levels and trends over time in TB diagnostic tests performed (count and per capita) and TB test positivity. Estimates were stratified by HIV status, viral suppression, age, sex, and province. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of testing positive for TB by viral suppression status. Nineteen million TB diagnostic tests were conducted during period 2012–2016. Testing per capita was lower among PLHIV with viral suppression than those with unsuppressed HIV (0.08 vs 0.32) but lowest among people without HIV (0.03). Test positivity was highest among young adults (aged 15–35 years), males of all age groups, and people with unsuppressed HIV. Test positivity was higher for males without laboratory evidence of HIV than those with HIV viral suppression, despite similar individual odds of TB. Our results are an important national baseline characterizing who received TB testing in South Africa. People without evidence of HIV, young adults, and males would benefit from increased TB screening given their lower testing rates and higher test positivity. These high-test positivity groups can be used to guide future expansions of TB screening.
A novel ensemble approach for estimating the competency of bank telemarketing
Authors: Guo Wei , Yao Yao , Liu Lihua , Shen Tong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHaving a reliable understanding of bank telemarketing performance is of great importance in the modern world of economy. Recently, machine learning models have obtained high attention for this purpose. In order to introduce and evaluate cutting-edge models, this study develops sophisticated hybrid models for estimating the success rate of bank telemarketing. A large free dataset is used which lists the clients’ information of a Portuguese bank. The data are analyzed by four artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained by metaheuristic algorithms, namely electromagnetic field optimization (EFO), future search algorithm (FSA), harmony search algorithm (HSA), and social ski-driver (SSD). The models predict the subscription of clients for a long-term deposit by evaluating nineteen conditioning parameters. The results first indicated the high potential of all four models in analyzing and predicting the subscription pattern, thereby, revealing the competency of neuro-metaheuristic hybrids. However, comparatively speaking, the EFO yielded the most reliable approximation with an area under the curve (AUC) around 0.80. FSA-ANN emerged as the second-accurate model followed by the SSD and HSA with respective AUCs of 0.7714, 0.7663, and 0.7160. Moreover, the superiority of the EFO-ANN is confirmed against several conventional models from the previous literature, and finally, it is introduced as an effective model to be practically used by banking institutions for predicting the likelihood of deposit subscriptions.
Human cystatin C induces the disaggregation process of selected amyloid beta peptides: a structural and kinetic view
Authors: Żyła Adriana , Martel Anne , Jurczak Przemysław , Moliński Augustyn , Szymańska Aneta , Kozak Maciej 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and various types of amyloidosis, are incurable; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of amyloid decomposition is crucial to develop an effective drug against them for future therapies. It has been reported that one out of three people over the age of 85 are suffering from dementia as a comorbidity to AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ), the hallmark of AD, transforms structurally from monomers into β-stranded aggregates (fibrils) via multiple oligomeric states. Astrocytes in the central nervous system secrete the human cystatin C protein (HCC) in response to various proteases and cytokines. The codeposition of Aβ and HCC in the brains of patients with AD led to the hypothesis that cystatin C is implicated in the disease process. In this study, we investigate the intermolecular interactions between different atomic structures of fibrils formed by Aβ peptides and HCC to understand the pathological aggregation of these polypeptides into neurotoxic oligomers and then amyloid plaques. To characterize the interactions between Aβ and HCC, we used a complementary approach based on the combination of small-angle neutron scattering analysis, atomic force microscopy and computational modelling, allowing the exploration of the structures of multicomponent protein complexes. We report here an optimized protocol to study that interaction. The results show a dependency of the sequence length of the Aβ peptide on the ability of the associated HCC to disaggregate it.