bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release behavior and biodegradability of controlled‐release potassium fertilizer encapsulated in starch–alginate matrix
Authors: Chen Ying Si , Phang Siew Wei , Shuib Anis Suhaila , Tee Jen Looi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work presents the fabrication of potassium chloride encapsulated in starch–alginate matrix, crosslinked by calcium chloride to form hydrogel bead. Sixteen formulations (S1–S16) were designed in four levels sodium alginate (SA 0.5% w/v to 2.0% w/v) and potassium chloride (KCl 5% w/v to 20% w/v) with 10% w/v starch and 0.75 M calcium chloride. The analysis reviewed that a higher concentration of sodium alginate, coupled with a lower KCl concentration, results in enhanced encapsulation efficiency. Notably, hydrogel beads formulated with higher concentrations of SA exhibited a more uniform, spherical shape with compact surfaces. Higher SA concentration has lower the swelling of the beads and therefore reduces its potassium release in general. In another word, with higher SA concentration, the release rate was at a better control to the expected release timeframe. On the contrary, it was also observed that the sample's dissolution in water after 24 h increased with the rising SA content. A higher concentration of sodium alginate led to an increased biodegradation rate, with the biodegradation rate increasing by 25% as the SA concentration was raised from 0.5% to 2% over a period of 5 days. In conclusion, this study represents a preliminary exploration into the viability of encapsulating potassium within a starch/SA matrix, with the optimal ratio of starch, alginate, and potassium was found to be 10:2:5. The significance of this work lies in its potential applications within agricultural practices, particularly in drought‐prone regions, owing to its hydrogel properties. By precisely tailoring the starch, alginate, and potassium ratios, this study opens avenues for further advancements in sustainable nutrient delivery systems.
Nanoengineering of Thin Film V2O5 Cathode Interfaces via Atomic Layer Deposition for use with Polymer Gel Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: O'Donoghue Aaron , Shine Micheál , Povey Ian M. , Rohan James F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work we show high capacity and cycle‐life performance, for electrodeposited, crystalline V2O5 thin film cathodes protected by a 1 nm ALD alumina deposit for use with Li‐metal and ionic liquid electrolyte based microbatteries. Al2O3 coatings thicker than 1 nm are shown to decrease the performance of the V2O5 thin film cathodes. The ionic liquid outperforms an organic electrolyte at 1 C rates with an initial capacity of 148 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 97 % at cycle 50. A polymer gel analogue of the ionic liquid electrolyte in combination with the 1 nm Al2O3 coated V2O5 had an initial capacity of 139 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 93.5 % to cycle 800, illustrating high capacity and extended cycle life.
Optimized stereoselective and scalable synthesis of five‐membered cyclic trans‐β‐amino acid building blocks via reductive amination
Authors: Hong Jungwoo , Lee Wonchul , Lee Hee‐Seung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present an optimized method for the stereoselective synthesis of five‐membered alicyclic and heterocyclic trans‐β‐amino acid derivatives. The process involves a reductive amination of β‐keto esters using chiral auxiliary amines, with formic acid acting as a facilitator for rapid, diastereoselective reductions under gentle conditions. Our approach notably enhances isolated yields and permits the scalable production of trans‐2‐aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (trans‐ACPC), 4‐aminopyrrolidine‐3‐carboxylic acid (trans‐APC), 4‐aminotetrahydrofuran‐3‐carboxylic acid (trans‐ATFC), and 4‐aminotetrahydrothiophene‐3‐carboxylic acid (trans‐ATTC) building blocks.
A sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of assay and trace‐level genotoxic tosylate analogs (methyl and ethyl) in empagliflozin and its tablet dosage forms
Authors: Nakka Srinivas , Muchakayala Siva Krishna , Manabolu Surya Surendra Babu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study performed the simultaneous quantification of assay and two alkyl sulfonate (tosylate) analogs of empagliflozin (EGZ), specifically methyl 4‐methyl benzene sulfonate (MMBS) and ethyl 4‐methyl benzene sulfonate (EMBS) in EGZ, and its finished dosage form using an accurate and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method. The separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity BEH Shield RP18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column in gradient elution mode with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phases and a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. For simultaneous quantification, the multiple reaction monitoring technique was utilized. The procedure was successfully validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. The peak areas of both impurities, along with their concentrations, exhibited a good relationship with Pearson's correlation coefficient (R), which was >0.999 in the range of 0.3–6 ppm with an EGZ concentration of 2 mg/mL. The percentage recoveries from the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 200% to the specification level were in the range of 94.82%–102.92%, whereas the percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) was <2. Therefore, this method is rapid and accurate to quantify MMBS, EMBS, and EGZ assay simultaneously from the marketed tablet dosage forms of EGZ for commercial release and stability sample testing.
Repetitive abdominal pain in a reproductive‐aged woman
Authors: Chan Minnie , Ono Yuko , Kotani Joji , Itou Takashi , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageWe report a young woman with ileocecal endometriosis who presented with repeated abdominal pain. Under hormonal effects, the endometrium may proliferate and cause bleeding in the bowel wall, leading to cyclical abdominal pain. When recurring abdominal pain is observed in reproductive‐aged women, physicians should always be aware of gastrointestinal endometriosis.
Targeting androgen receptor (AR) with a synthetic peptide increases apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer and AR‐expressing prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Jamshidi Mazdak , Keshavarzi Fatemeh , Amini Sabrieh , Laher Ismail , Gheysarzadeh Ali , Davari Kambiz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe androgen receptor (AR) has been studied as an approach to cancer therapy.AimsWe used human breast cancer‐derived cells with high, low, and very low expression levels of AR, in addition to prostate cancer‐derived LNCaP and DU‐145 cells as a positive and negative controls to examine apoptosis caused by a synthetic peptide that targets ARs.Methods and ResultsThe peptide was produced to inhibit AR transactivation in breast cancer cell lines. We then measured cell viability, caspase‐3 activity, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2. The findings indicated that the peptide (100–500 nM) in the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reduced cell growth in cells with high and low expression level of AR (p < .001), but not in cells with very low levels of AR. Treatment with 100–500 nM of peptide activated caspase‐3 and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 in cells with high and low expression levels of AR. Also, increasing concentrations of the peptide (100–500 nM) reduced BrdU incorporation in the presence of DHT and promoted apoptosis in cells with high and low expression levels of AR (p < .001).ConclusionThe findings indicate the peptide significantly increased apoptosis in cancer cells.
Genome‐wide identification of nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and functional analysis of MeNPF5.4 and MeNPF6.2 in response to nitrogen and salinity stresses in rice
Authors: Ji Li , Song Linhu , Zou Liangping , Liu Huiying , Li Shi , Wang Changyu , Zhang Runcong , Yang Jingyu , Zhang Yan , Wang Xingmei , Yun Liu , Qu Xiao , Ji Xiang , Sun Jianbo , Zheng Lanjie , Ruan Mengbin , Zheng Xu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNitrogen is a major driving force for the improvement of crop yield worldwide but brings detrimental effects on ecosystems. Therefore, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is vital for sustainable agriculture. The nitrate transporter (NRT1/NPF) family associated with nitrogen uptake and utilization is indispensable to the improvement of NUE in crops. As an important food security crop, cassava (Manihot esculenta) produces an acceptable yield in nutrient‐deficient soil. Here, we identified and systematically analyzed the NPF gene family in cassava, including phylogenetic relationship, chromosome location, gene duplication, and gene expression in response to different nitrogen supplies. The stem is involved in nitrogen transportation and remobilization. Gene expression analysis revealed that MeNPF5.4 and MeNPF6.2 were specifically expressed in the stem, and have diverse expression in different nitrogen conditions. To facilitate the functional analysis of MeNPF5.4 and MeNPF6.2, we constructed their overexpression (OE) lines in rice. A NO3− flux assay showed that MeNPF5.4 and MeNPF6.2 OE lines exhibited a marked decrease in NO3− efflux and significant NO3− influx compared with WT, which suggests that they might have contributed to the NUE improvement of rice. Notably, overexpressing MeNPF5.4 showed increased grain size, grain number, and grain weight per panicle. More importantly, the MeNPF5.4 OE line contributed to salt tolerance. Nevertheless, an obvious reduction in grain number and grain weight per panicle was detected in the MeNPF6.2 OE line compared with WT. Strikingly, the MeNPF6.2 OE line showed higher salt stress tolerance than WT in LN conditions. Taken together, our results demonstrated that MeNPF5.4 can potentially improve the NUE and salt stress tolerance of rice, which reveals valuable breeding targets to improve crop yield and stress tolerance.
New long‐standing metabolites of 17α‐methyltestosterone are detected in HepG2 cell in vitro metabolic model and in human urine
Authors: Angelis Yiannis S. , Sakellariou Panagiotis , Fragkaki Argyro G. , Karnava Sophia , Goula Olga , Kiousi Polyxeni , Kioukia‐Fougia Nassia , Georgakopoulos Costas , Loui Stella , Chlapana Fotini , Kletsas Dimitris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNovel metabolites of the anabolic androgenic steroid 17α‐methyltestosterone have been detected in HepG2 cell in vitro metabolic model and in human urine. Their detection was accomplished through targeted gas chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry analysis that has been based on microscale synthesized standards. The related synthesis and the gas chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry characterization of the analytical standards are described. All newly presented metabolites have a fully reduced steroid A‐ring with either an 17,17‐dimethyl‐18‐nor‐Δ13 structure or they have been further oxidized at position 16 of the steroid backbone. Metabolites with 17,17‐dimethyl‐18‐nor‐Δ13 structure may be considered as side products of phase II metabolic sulfation of the 17β‐hydroxy group of methyltestosterone or its reduced tetrahydro‐methyltestosterone metabolites 17α‐methyl‐5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol and 17α‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol that produce the known epimeric 17β‐methyl‐5β‐androstane‐3α,17α‐diol and 17β‐methyl‐5α‐androstane‐3α,17α‐diol metabolites. The prospective of these new metabolites to increase detection time windows and improve identification was investigated by applying the World Anti‐doping Agency TD2021IDCR criteria. The new metabolites, presented herein, complement the current knowledge on the 17α‐methyltestosterone metabolism and in some cases can be used as additional long‐term markers in the frame of sport doping drug testing.
Pro‐anorexia coaches prey on individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Simons E. I. , Noteboom F. , van Furth E. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhile studies have focused on pro‐ana communities and pro‐anorexia websites, no research has been conducted on the presence of pro‐anorexia coaches within these communities. This study aimed to gain insight into the modus operandi of pro‐anorexia coaches.MethodFirst, three fake profiles were used to attempt interaction with pro‐anorexia coaches (n = 31). Second, an online questionnaire on experiences with pro‐anorexia coaches was completed by 79 respondents. Third, a follow‐up in‐depth interview was conducted with 14 of these respondents.ResultsThe results show that pro‐anorexia coaches' behavior fits a five‐staged model which has similarities to stages of online grooming. They focus on (1) building trust and developing a dependency relationship with the aim of (2) obtaining sexually explicit materials. Subsequently, they (3) increase pressure, (4) utilize blackmail methods with acquired content, and (5) groom respondents to meet in person.DiscussionPro‐anorexia coaches deliberately abuse vulnerable young people who suffer from eating disorders to receive sexually explicit material or to meet face‐to‐face with a sexual intention. This study shows that the modus operandi of pro‐ana coaches is similar to online grooming. Clinical professionals need to be aware of this practice to detect victims and potential victims in order to support and treat them. Prevention is invaluable to further combat pro‐anorexia coaches and protect potential victims.Public SignificanceIndividuals with an eating disorder are avid internet users. A minority frequent pro‐anorexia websites and fora seeking help in losing weight. This study showed that pro‐anorexia coaches prey on these individuals, often to obtain sexually explicit content. The modus operandi of pro‐anorexia coaches shows similarities to online grooming. Awareness of this phenomenon and the way in which pro‐anorexia coaches operate is valuable for clinicians, parents, and teachers.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with low bone mineral density in Asian adolescents with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Davis Courtney , Lie Hannah Marian Mei En , Vasanwala Rashida Farhad , Tan Juliet Sher Kit , Oh Jean Yin , Rajasegaran Kumudhini , Chew Chu Shan Elaine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) at diagnosis in Asian adolescent females with anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN.MethodWe analyzed the BMD results for 213 patients between 10 and 18 years of age, with AN and atypical AN receiving care at a pediatric hospital in Singapore. We used linear regression analyses to determine if type of eating disorder, premorbid weight, and duration of amenorrhea were risk factors for low BMD. For a subset of patients with repeat BMD evaluation, we used paired t‐tests to assess the impact of weight or menstrual restoration on the change in BMD.ResultsThe prevalence of BMD height‐for‐age Z‐scores <−2 at presentation was higher in patients with AN (13.0%) than atypical AN (2.3%) (p = .034). In multivariate regression, a diagnosis of atypical AN was protective against low BMD at the lumbar spine (B = 0.394, p = .009) and total body less head (B = 0.774, p = .010). Duration of amenorrhea was not associated with BMD across all sites. For those with repeat BMD measures, there was significantly less deterioration in the BMD Z‐scores for patients with weight or menstrual restoration (R = −0.22 ± 0.59, NR = −0.69 ± 0.43, p = .029).ConclusionsDuration of amenorrhea was not associated with BMD in this sample. A diagnosis of AN was correlated with lower BMD than atypical AN. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between amenorrhea, weight status, and bone health in Asian adolescents with eating disorders.Public SignificanceIn this sample, 13% of Asian adolescents with AN and 2.3% of Asian adolescents with atypical AN have low BMD. In our study population, duration of amenorrhea was not correlated with BMD. Among adolescents with AN, a history of being underweight at the highest pre‐morbid BMI, is correlated with low BMD. It is important for physicians to take a thorough weight history in evaluating bone health in this population.
Postextraction monitoring of dissolved oxygen in virgin olive oil
Authors: Masella Piernicola , Angeloni Giulia , Spadi Agnese , Corti Ferdinando , Mingione Silvia , Parenti Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe issue of the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO) in virgin olive oil (VOO) is neglected in literature. Available information is limited to the extraction stage of the product life cycle, and studies focused on the subsequent stages from extraction to bottling are virtually absent. The present work aims to fill this gap through a dissolved oxygen monitoring experiment performed at industrial scale. Seven different unit‐operations of the routine working procedure of an Italian industrial company specializing in the marketing of VOO were studied: oil discharge from tanker truck; blend formation; oil transferring to filtration; oil transferring to bottling; precoat‐bodyfeed filtration; polishing filtration; bottling. The overall concentration of DO averages to 2.2 mg L–1, while the oil incoming the company was at 1.5 mg L–1. The unit‐operations can be ordered as “mixing‐for‐blend > precoat‐bodyfeed filtration > transfer‐to‐bottling > bottling,” with a decreasing oxygenation effect. Polishing filtration does not determine a significant DO variation. In the immediate term, the increase in DO does not result in oxidative deterioration of the oil, at least detectable with the peroxides value.Practical Applications: The results provide important information for the management of virgin olive oil on an industrial scale in the postproduction stages up to bottling. First, it was clearly demonstrated that bulk transport operations led to oxygenation of the oil. From this point on, the oil underwent further oxygenation, the extent of which depends on the specific processing operation considered. The oxygenation effect of each operation is different, which means that different interventions with varying intensity in terms of complexity and cost could be applied on a case‐by‐case basis to preserve the oil from oxygenation.
GMFB/AKT/TGF‐β3 in Müller cells mediated early retinal degeneration in a streptozotocin‐induced rat diabetes model
Authors: Zhu Tong , Li Yingao , Zhu Lilin , Xu Jinyuan , Feng Zijun , Chen Hao , Shi Si , Liu Caiying , Ou Qingjian , Gao Furong , Zhang Jieping , Jin Caixia , Xu Jingying , Li Jiao , Zhang Jingfa , Bi Yanlong , Xu Guo‐tong , Wang Juan , Tian Haibin , Lu Lixia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRetinal degeneration, characterized by Müller cell gliosis and photoreceptor apoptosis, is considered an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our previous study proposed that GMFB may mediate diabetic retinal degeneration. This study identified GMFB as a sensitive and functional gliosis marker for DR. Compared to the wild type (WT) group, Gmfb knockout (KO) significantly improved visual function, attenuated gliosis, reduced the apoptosis of neurons, and decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α (Tnf‐α) and interleukin‐1β (Il‐1β) in diabetic retinas. Tgf‐β3 was enriched by hub genes using RNA sequencing in primary WT and KO Müller cells. Gmfb KO significantly upregulated the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β3 protein level via the AKT pathway. The protective effect of TGF‐β3 in the vitreous resulted in significantly improved visual function and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the diabetic retina. The protection of Gmfb KO in primary Müller cells against high glucose (HG)‐induced photoreceptor apoptosis was partially counteracted by TGF‐β3 antibody and administration of TGFBR1/2 inhibitors. Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) binds to the promoter region of Gmfb and regulates Gmfb mRNA at the transcriptional level. NR3C1 was increased in the retinas of early diabetic rats but decreased in the retinas of late diabetic rats. N′‐[(1E)‐(3‐Methoxyphenyl)Methylene]‐3‐Methyl‐1H‐Pyrazole‐5‐Carbohydrazide (DS‐5) was identified as an inhibitor of GMFB, having a protective role in DR. We demonstrated that GMFB/AKT/TGF‐β3 mediated early diabetic retinal degeneration in diabetic rats. This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degeneration in patients with DR.
Chironomids as Bioindicators in Acidified Streams: A Contribution to the Acidity Tolerance of Chironomid Species with a Classification in Sensitivity Classes
Authors: Orendt Claus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 12 forest brooks differing in acidity (pH‐values from 2.79 to 6.89) chironomids were sampled to establish their acid‐tolerance based on their occurrence in a certain pH range. Some taxa were found only at pH values higher than pH 6.0, others not below pH 5.5. A relatively high number of species could tolerate periodical pH values below 4. Only a few species were limited to high pH. Using these results, 25 species were classified according to their acid‐sensitivity. The suitability of these species for the assessment of the acidity‐state of running waters was tested. The study demonstrates that chironomids are qualified bioindicators for assessment of the acidity‐state within technical water quality monitoring. It is recommended that the classified chironomid species be added to the list of macroinvertebrate acidity indicators.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Atenolol during and after Pregnancy
Authors: Hurst Agneta K. , Shotan Avraham , Hoffman Kristina , Johnson Janet , Goodwin T. Murphy , Koda Robert , Elkayam Uri 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate changes due to pregnancy on atenolol's pharmacokinetics, response of maternal heart rate to atenolol, and the drug's effect on fetal heart rate.Design. Prospective study.Setting. Large university teaching hospital.Patients. Fourteen pregnant women who were receiving oral atenolol for cardiac disease were enrolled and 10 completed the study.Interventions. Patients were studied for 12 hours during the third trimester (TT) and again 6 weeks postpartum (PP).Measurements and Main Results. Fetal heart rates, and maternal heart rates at rest and during exercise were recorded. Maternal plasma and urine atenolol concentrations were measured. Average resting heart rates (TT 68 ± 10, PP 62 ± 9 beats/min) and maximum heart rate during exercise (TT 100 ± 6, PP 87 ± 7 beats/min) were significantly higher in the third trimester than postpartum (p<0.05). The 12‐hour atenolol area under the curve (TT 0.208 ± 0.061, PP 0.215 ± 0.089 ng/ml/day) and maximum plasma concentrations during the time of exercise tests (TT 1.07 ± 0.39, PP 1.14 ± 0.53 mmol/L) were not significantly different. Individual and population pharmacokinetics did not differ significantly between study periods. The fetal heart rate did not correlate with maternal atenolol concentration.Conclusion. Constant dosages of atenolol result in higher heart rates during pregnancy compared with the postpartum period. This lack of heart rate control is not due to significant changes in atenolol's pharmacokinetics or plasma concentrations.