bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial transplantation attenuates traumatic neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in rats with nerve root ligation
Authors: Huang Chi-Chen , Chiu Hsin-Yi , Lee Po-Hsuan , Fang Shih-Yuan , Lin Ming-Wei , Chen Hui-Fang , Lee Jung-Shun 
Published: October 2023

Traumatic neuropathic pain (TNP) is caused by traumatic damage to the somatosensory system and induces the presentation of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis are hallmarks in the pathogenesis of TNP. Recently, mitochondria-based therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of mitochondrial transplantation (MT) on TNP has rarely been investigated. Here, we validated the efficacy of MT in treating TNP. Both in vivo and in vitro TNP models by conducting an L5 spinal nerve ligation in rats and exposing the primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to capsaicin, respectively, were applied in this study. The MT was operated by administrating 100 µg of soleus-derived allogeneic mitochondria into the ipsilateral L5 DRG in vivo and the culture medium in vitro. Results showed that the viable transplanted mitochondria migrated into the rats’ spinal cord and sciatic nerve. MT alleviated the nerve ligation-induced mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivity. The nerve ligation-induced glial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers in the spinal cord were also repressed by MT. Consistently, exogenous mitochondria reversed the capsaicin-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers in the primary DRG neurons in vitro. Our findings suggest that MT mitigates the spinal nerve ligation-induced apoptosis and neuroinflammation, potentially playing a role in providing neuroprotection against TNP.
Ultra-Short Echo Time–MRI T2* Mapping of Articular Cartilage Layers Is Associated with Histological Early Degeneration
Authors: Imamura Rui , Teramoto Atsushi , Murahashi Yasutaka , Okada Yohei , Okimura Shinichiro , Akatsuka Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kota , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: October 2023

Objective Ultra-short TE (UTE) sequences on MRI are a technique that improves the visualization of tissues with short T2 relaxation time, such as deep cartilage layers. In addition, T2* relaxation time calculated from the UTE has the potential to evaluate water molecules bound to the cartilage matrix. This study was performed to determine if there is an association between UTE-T2* relaxation time by cartilage layer and histological degeneration in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Design Seven knees that had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included in the study, and the lateral tibial cartilage, which had the least degeneration of the resected bones, was used as the sample. The T2* relaxation time of 4 patients with no abnormal findings on MRI was the reference relaxation time. Histological degeneration of TKA samples was assessed by the Mankin score and graded as the early OA group (≤3 points) and the advanced OA group (≥4 points). The association between T2* relaxation time and Mankin grade in each cartilage layer was compared. The effect of angiogenesis to the tidemark on T2* relaxation time was also compared. Results T2* relaxation time of the cartilage layer was significantly longer in early OA than that in the control group. In the deep cartilage layer, the mean T2* relaxation time for angiogenesis (−) was 15.7 ms, whereas it was significantly shorter for angiogenesis (+) at 8.2 ms. Conclusions The UTE-T2* relaxation time was associated with histological cartilage degeneration, suggesting a potential application in monitoring early cartilage degeneration.
Immunization Coverage in Young People Experiencing Homelessness and the Impact of a Nurse-led Program
Authors: Tominc Belinda L. , Francis Kate L. , Sawyer Susan M. , Heerde Jessica A. , O’Neill Jenny , Henning Dot 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To identify the proportion of young people experiencing homelessness who are immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases, and to evaluate the impact of a nurse-led immunization program to improve vaccination coverage in this population. Methods: A retrospective audit of electronic medical records included 400 participants aged 15 to 24 years who had an encounter with the Young People’s Health Service, a nurse-led clinic co-located with a specialist youth homelessness service in Melbourne, Australia, between February 2019 and May 2021. Results: Integrating an immunization nurse within a youth specialist homelessness service increased the percentage of young people who were up-to-date with routine vaccinations from 6.0% (n = 24) to 38.8% (n = 155). Intersecting social determinants of health that increased participants’ risk of vaccine preventable diseases, and of missing routine vaccines, were common. Conclusions: Incomplete coverage of routine vaccines is common in young people accessing homelessness services, and this coverage was improved when young people encountered an immunization nurse while accessing support from a specialist youth homelessness service. As a service model, nurse-led community health clinics co-located within homelessness providers can improve vaccination coverage, and therefore health outcomes, of young people experiencing or at risk of homelessness.
Utility of Talus Osteochondral Allograft Augmentation for Varying Hill-Sachs Lesion Sizes: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ganokroj Phob , Garcia Alexander R. , Hollenbeck Justin F.M. , Fossum Bradley W. , Peebles Annalise M. , Whalen Ryan J. , Chang Peter S. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Humeral head reconstruction with fresh osteochondral allografts (OCA) serves as a potential treatment option for anatomic reconstruction. More specifically, talus OCA is a promising graft source because of its high congruency with a dense cartilaginous surface. Purpose: To analyze the surface geometry of the talus OCA plug augmentation for the management of shoulder instability with varying sizes of Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested in this study. The humeral heads were analyzed using actual patients’ computed tomography scans. Surface laser scan analysis was performed on 7 testing states: (1) native state; (2) small HSL; (3) talus OCA augmentation for small HSL; (4) medium HSL; (5) talus OCA augmentation for medium HSL; (6) large HSL; and (7) talus OCA augmentation for large HSL. OCA plugs were harvested from the talus allograft and placed in the most medial and superior aspect of each HSL lesion. Surface congruency was calculated as the mean absolute error and the root mean squared error in the distance. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of the difference in the HSL size and associated talus OCA plugs on surface congruency and the HSL surface area. Results: The surface area analysis of the humeral head with the large (1469 ± 75 mm2), medium (1391 ± 81 mm2), and small (1230 ± 54 mm2) HSLs exhibited significantly higher surface areas than the native state (1007 ± 88 mm2; P < .001 for all sizes). The native state exhibited significantly lower surface areas as compared with after talus OCA augmentation for large HSLs (1235 ± 63 mm2; P < .001) but not for small or medium HSLs. Talus OCA augmentation yielded improved surface areas and congruency after treatment in small, medium, and large HSLs ( P < .001). Conclusion: Talus OCA plug augmentation restored surface area and congruency across all tested HSLs, and the surface area was best improved with the most common HSLs—small and medium. Clinical Relevance: Talus OCA plugs may provide a viable option for restoring congruity of the shoulder in patients with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability and an HSL.
Early Light Sedation Increased the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With Severe Lung Injury
Authors: Hatozaki Chie , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Ouchi Akira , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2023

Introduction The international guidelines recommend light sedation management for patients receiving mechanical ventilation. One of the benefits of light sedation management during mechanical ventilation is the preservation of spontaneous breathing, which leads to improved gas-exchange and patient outcomes. Conversely, recent experimental animal studies have suggested that strong spontaneous breathing effort may cause worsening of lung injury, especially in severe lung injury cases. The association between depth of sedation and patient outcomes may depend on the severity of lung injury. Objective This study aimed to describe the patients’ clinical outcomes under deep or light sedation during the first 48 h of mechanical ventilation and investigate the association of light sedation on patient outcomes for each severity of lung injury. Methods The researchers performed a retrospective observational study at a university hospital in Japan. Patients aged ≥20 years, who received mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h were enrolled. Results A total of 413 patient cases were analyzed. Light sedation was associated with significantly shorter 28-day ventilator-free days compared with deep sedation in patients with severe lung injury (0 [IQR 0–5] days vs. 16 [0–19] days, P = .038). In the groups of patients with moderate and mild lung injury, the sedation depth was not associated with ventilator-free days. After adjusting for the positive end-expiratory pressure and APACHE II score, it was found that light sedation decreased the number of ventilator-free days in patients with severe lung injury (−10.8 days, 95% CI −19.2 to −2.5, P = .012). Conclusion Early light sedation for severe lung injury may be associated with fewer ventilator-free days.
Methods and insights on enabling geovisualisation for coastal communities of the North Shore of Vancouver
Authors: DiPaola Forrest , Bhardwaj Anshuman , Sam Lydia 
Published: October 2023

Contemporary sea level rise (SLR) research seldom considers enabling effective geovisualisation for the communities. This lack of knowledge transfer impedes raising awareness on climate change and its impacts. The goal of this study is to produce an online SLR map accessible to the public that allows them to interact with evolving high-resolution geospatial data and techniques. The study area was the North Shore of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. While typically coarser resolution (10 m+/pixel) Digital Elevation Models have been used by previous studies, we explored an open access airborne 1 m LiDAR which has a higher resolution and vertical accuracy and can penetrate tree cover at a higher degree than most satellite imagery. A bathtub method model with hydrologic connectivity was used to delineate the inundation zones for various SLR scenarios which allows for a not overly complex model and process using standard tools such as ArcGIS and QGIS with similar levels of accuracy as more complex models, especially with the high-resolution data. Deep learning and 3D visualizations were used to create past, present, and modelled future Land Use/Land Cover and 3D flyovers. Analysis of the possible impacts of 1, 2, 3, and 4 m SLR over the unique coastline, terrain, and land use was detailed. The generated interactive online map helps local communities visualize and understand the future of their coastlines. We have provided a detailed methodology and the methods and results are easily reproducible for other regions. Such initiatives can help popularize community-focused geovisualisation to raise awareness about SLR.
Epstein-Barr virus–encoded EBNA2 downregulates ICOSL by inducing miR-24 in B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Leopizzi Martina , Mundo Lucia , Messina Elena , Campolo Federica , Lazzi Stefano , Angeloni Antonio , Marchese Cinzia , Leoncini Lorenzo , Giordano Carla , Slack Frank , Trivedi Pankaj , Anastasiadou Eleni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hematological malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cause significant morbidity in humans. A substantial number of these lymphomas, particularly HL and DLBCLs have poorer prognosis because of their association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our earlier studies have shown that EBV-encoded nuclear antigen (EBNA2) upregulates programmed cell death ligand 1 in DLBCL and BLs by downregulating microRNA-34a. Here, we investigated whether EBNA2 affects the inducible costimulator (ICOS) ligand (ICOSL), a molecule required for efficient recognition of tumor cells by T cells through the engagement of ICOS on the latter. In virus-infected and EBNA2-transfected B-lymphoma cells, ICOSL expression was reduced. Our investigation of the molecular mechanisms revealed that this was due to an increase in microRNA-24 (miR-24) by EBNA2. By using ICOSL 3′ untranslated region–luciferase reporter system, we validated that ICOSL is an authentic miR-24 target. Transfection of anti–miR-24 molecules in EBNA2-expressing lymphoma cells reconstituted ICOSL expression and increased tumor immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Because miR-24 is known to target c-MYC, an oncoprotein positively regulated by EBNA2, we analyzed its expression in anti–miR-24 transfected lymphoma cells. Indeed, the reduction of miR-24 in EBNA2-expressing DLBCL further elevated c-MYC and increased apoptosis. Consistent with the in vitro data, EBNA2-positive DLBCL biopsies expressed low ICOSL and high miR-24. We suggest that EBV evades host immune responses through EBNA2 by inducing miR-24 to reduce ICOSL expression, and for simultaneous rheostatic maintenance of proproliferative c-MYC levels. Overall, these data identify miR-24 as a potential therapeutically relevant target in EBV-associated lymphomas.
ERS/ESTS/ESTRO/ESR/ESTI/EFOMP statement on management of incidental findings from low dose CT screening for lung cancer
Authors: O'Dowd Emma L. , Tietzova Ilona , Bartlett Emily , Devaraj Anand , Biederer Jürgen , Brambilla Marco , Brunelli Alessandro , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Decaluwe Herbert , De Ruysscher Dirk , De Wever Walter , Donoghue Matthew , Fabre Aurelie , Gaga Mina , van Geffen Wouter , Hardavella Georgia , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Kerpel-Fronius Anna , van Meerbeeck Jan , Nagavci Blin , Nestle Ursula , Novoa Nuria , Prosch Helmut , Prokop Mathias , Putora Paul Martin , Rawlinson Janette , Revel Marie-Pierre , Snoeckx Annemiek , Veronesi Giulia , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Weckbach Sabine , Blum Torsten G. , Baldwin David R. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundScreening for lung cancer with low radiation dose computed tomography has a strong evidence base, is being introduced in several European countries and is recommended as a new targeted cancer screening programme. The imperative now is to ensure that implementation follows an evidence-based process that will ensure clinical and cost effectiveness. This European Respiratory Society (ERS) task force was formed to provide an expert consensus for the management of incidental findings which can be adapted and followed during implementation.MethodsA multi-European society collaborative group was convened. 23 topics were identified, primarily from an ERS statement on lung cancer screening, and a systematic review of the literature was conducted according to ERS standards. Initial review of abstracts was completed and full text was provided to members of the group for each topic. Sections were edited and the final document approved by all members and the ERS Science Council.ResultsNine topics considered most important and frequent were reviewed as standalone topics (interstitial lung abnormalities, emphysema, bronchiectasis, consolidation, coronary calcification, aortic valve disease, mediastinal mass, mediastinal lymph nodes and thyroid abnormalities). Other topics considered of lower importance or infrequent were grouped into generic categories, suitable for general statements.ConclusionsThis European collaborative group has produced an incidental findings statement that can be followed during lung cancer screening. It will ensure that an evidence-based approach is used for reporting and managing incidental findings, which will mean that harms are minimised and any programme is as cost-effective as possible.
Novel insights into the whole-blood DNA methylome of asthma in ethnically diverse children and youth
Authors: Herrera-Luis Esther , Rosa-Baez Carlos , Huntsman Scott , Eng Celeste , Beckman Kenneth B. , LeNoir Michael A. , Rodriguez-Santana Jose R. , Villar Jesús , Laprise Catherine , Borrell Luisa N. , Ziv Elad , Burchard Esteban G. , Pino-Yanes Maria 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe epigenetic mechanisms of asthma remain largely understudied in African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos, two populations disproportionately affected by asthma. We aimed to identify markers, regions and processes with differential patterns of DNA methylation (DNAm) in whole blood by asthma status in ethnically diverse children and youth, and to assess their functional consequences.MethodsDNAm levels were profiled with the Infinium MethylationEPIC or HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays among 1226 African Americans or Hispanics/Latinos and assessed for differential methylation per asthma status at the CpG and region (differentially methylated region (DMR)) level. Novel associations were validated in blood and/or nasal epithelium from ethnically diverse children and youth. The functional and biological implications of the markers identified were investigated by combining epigenomics with transcriptomics from study participants.Results128 CpGs and 196 DMRs were differentially methylated after multiple testing corrections, including 92.3% and 92.8% novel associations, respectively. 41 CpGs were replicated in other Hispanics/Latinos, prioritising cg17647904 (NCOR2) and cg16412914 (AXIN1) as asthma DNAm markers. Significant DNAm markers were enriched in previous associations for asthma, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, bacterial infections, immune regulation or eosinophilia. Functional annotation highlighted epigenetically regulated gene networks involved in corticosteroid response, host defence and immune regulation. Several implicated genes are targets for approved or experimental drugs, includingTNNC1andNDUFA12. Many differentially methylated loci previously associated with asthma were validated in our study.ConclusionsWe report novel whole-blood DNAm markers for asthma underlying key processes of the disease pathophysiology and confirm the transferability of previous asthma DNAm associations to ethnically diverse populations.
Hyperperfusion of bilateral amygdala in patients with chronic migraine: an arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Bai Xiaoyan , Wang Wei , Zhang Xueyan , Hu Zhangxuan , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yingkui , Tang Hefei , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Peng , Li Zhiye , Pei Xun , Wang Yonggang , Sui Binbin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Amygdala, an essential element of the limbic system, has served as an important structure in pain modulation. There is still a lack of clarity about altered cerebral perfusion of amygdala in migraine. This study aimed to investigate the perfusion variances of bilateral amygdala in episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) using multi-delay pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging (pCASL-MRI).

Methods
Twenty-six patients with EM, 55 patients with CM (33 CM with medication overuse headache (MOH)), and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. All participants underwent 3D multi-delay pCASL MR imaging to obtain cerebral perfusion data, including arrival-time-corrected cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV). The CBF and aCBV values in the bilateral amygdala were compared among the three groups. Correlation analyses between cerebral perfusion parameters and clinical variables were performed.

Results
Compared with HC participants, patients with CM were found to have increased CBF and aCBV values in the left amygdala, as well as increased CBF values in the right amygdala (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of CBF and aCBV values in the bilateral amygdala between the HC and EM groups, the EM and CM groups, as well as the CM without and with MOH groups (all P > 0.05). In patients with CM, the increased perfusion parameters of bilateral amygdala were positively correlated with MIDAS score after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Conclusion
Hyperperfusion of bilateral amygdala might provide potential hemodynamics evidence in the neurolimbic pain network of CM.
Poly(ethylene imine)-chitosan carbon dots: study of its physical–chemical properties and biological in vitro performance
Authors: Santos Nicolás , Valenzuela Santiago , Segura Camilo , Osorio-Roman Igor , Arrázola Macarena S. , Panadero-Medianero Concepción , Santana Paula A. , Ahumada Manuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have been quickly extended for nanomedicine uses because of their multiple applications, such as bioimaging, sensors, and drug delivery. However, the interest in increasing their photoluminescence properties is not always accompanied by cytocompatibility. Thus, a knowledge gap exists regarding their interactions with biological systems linked to the selected formulations and synthesis methods. In this work, we have developed carbon dots (CDs) based on poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) and chitosan (CS) by using microwave irradiation, hydrothermal synthesis, and a combination of both, and further characterized them by physicochemical and biological means. Our results indicate that synthesized CDs have sizes between 1 and 5 nm, a high presence of amine groups on the surface, and increased positive ζ potential values. Further, it is established that the choice and use of different synthesis procedures can contribute to a different answer to the CDs regarding their optical and biological properties. In this regard, PEI-only CDs showed the longest photoluminescent emission lifetime, non-hemolytic activity, and high toxicity against fibroblast. On the other hand, CS-only CDs have higher PL emission, non-cytotoxicity associated with fibroblast, and high hemolytic activity. Interestingly, their combination using the proposed methodologies allow a synergic effect in their CDs properties. Therefore, this work contributes to developing and characterizing CD formulations based on PEI and CS and better understanding the CD’s properties and biological interaction.
Molecular biomarkers for assessing the heat-adapted phenotype: a narrative scoping review
Authors: Corbett J. , Young J. S. , Tipton M. J. , Costello J. T. , Williams T. B. , Walker E. F. , Lee B. J. , Stevens C. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeat acclimation/acclimatisation (HA) mitigates heat-related decrements in physical capacity and heat-illness risk and is a widely advocated countermeasure for individuals operating in hot environments. The efficacy of HA is typically quantified by assessing the thermo-physiological responses to a standard heat acclimation state test (i.e. physiological biomarkers), but this can be logistically challenging, time consuming, and expensive. A valid molecular biomarker of HA would enable evaluation of the heat-adapted state through the sampling and assessment of a biological medium. This narrative review examines candidate molecular biomarkers of HA, highlighting the poor sensitivity and specificity of these candidates and identifying the current lack of a single ‘standout’ biomarker. It concludes by considering the potential of multivariable approaches that provide information about a range of physiological systems, identifying a number of challenges that must be overcome to develop a valid molecular biomarker of the heat-adapted state, and highlighting future research opportunities.