bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐linked polysiloxane‐coated stable bond O‐9‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)quinine and quinidine chiral stationary phases as well as application in enantioselective cryo‐HPLC
Authors: Woiwode Ulrich , Sievers‐Engler Adrian , Lämmerhofer Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, brush‐type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with O‐9‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)‐modified quinidine (DIPPCQD‐brush/‐SH) and O‐9‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl)‐modified quinine (DIPPCQN‐brush/‐SH) were prepared as benchmarks for comparison with new corresponding polymeric CSPs with more stable bonding chemistry. These polymeric CSPs were prepared by coating a thin poly(3‐mercaptopropyl)‐methylsiloxane film together with the chiral selector onto vinyl‐modified silica. In a second step, immobilization of the quinine/quinidine derivatives as well as cross‐linking of the polysiloxane film to the vinyl‐silica is achieved by a double thiol‐ene click reaction. The polymeric CSPs exhibited similar enantioselectivity as the corresponding brush phases, but showed lower chromatographic efficiencies. Chiral acidic substances were separated into enantiomers (e.g., N‐protected amino acids, herbicides like dichlorprop) in accordance with an enantioselective anion‐exchange process. Oxidation of residual thiol groups of the polymer DIPPCQN‐CSP introduced sulfonic acid co‐ligands on the silica surface, which resulted in greatly reduced retention times. Acting as immobilized counterions, they allowed to reduce the concentration of counterions in the mobile phase, which is favorable for liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry application. Ibuprofen showed a single peak under ambient column temperature. However, application of cryogenic cooling of the column enabled to achieve baseline separation at –20°C column temperature. It can be explained by an enthalpically dominated separation, which leads to an increase in separation factors when the temperature is reduced. While it is quite uncommon to work at subzero degree column temperature, this work illustrates the potential to exploit such temperature regime for optimization of LC enantiomer separations.
Assessment of the in vivo genotoxic potential of three smoke flavoring primary product mixtures
Authors: Thompson Chad M. , Brorby Gregory , Keig‐Shevlin Zena , Smith Robert , Franzen Allison , Ulrich Kristina , Blanchette Alexander D. , Doepker Candace 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmoke flavorings are mixtures generated from wood pyrolysis that are filtered to remove tar and are often considered healthier alternatives to conventional smoking processes. While the latter is mostly unregulated, smoke‐flavoring primary products (SFPPs) are undergoing the 10‐year required re‐evaluation in the European Union (EU). To comply with recent smoke flavor guidance, in vivo micronucleus studies in rats and transgenic rodent (TGR) mutation assays in Muta™Mice were conducted on three SFPPs. For most studies, typical limit doses were exceeded to comply with regulatory requests. Exposure to SFPPs by oral gavage did not result in significant increases in bone marrow micronucleus formation. Except for one group, exposure to SFPPs via feed for 28 days did not result in significant increases in mutant frequency (MF) in the glandular stomach or liver. One group exposed to a maximal feasible dietary dose of 50,000 ppm (>10,000 mg/kg bodyweight per day) exhibited a statistically significant increase in liver MF; however, the MF in all mice in this group were within the historical vehicle control 95% quantile confidence intervals and therefore not considered biologically relevant. Based on estimates of human dietary exposure to each SFPP, the margin of exposure (MOE) values in the TGR assays exceed 10,000. The MOE for one unintentionally present constituent, 2,5(H)‐furanone, also exceeds 10,000. Collectively, these data indicate that these SFPPs pose no genotoxic risk and are safe alternatives to conventional smoking.
Tracheal Replacement Techniques and Associated Mortality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Hui , Liu En‐Wei , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Wee Shyun‐Jing , Lee Jian‐Jr , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTracheal replacement is a crucial operation to enhance the quality of life for patients with extensive tracheal lesions. The most suitable surgical techniques for different clinical conditions remain a topic of debate. Through a reviewing of the relevant literature, this study investigated the association between surgical techniques and mortality rate.Data SourcesStudies were collected from PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov.MethodsThis systematic review encompassed literature from the inception of each database to May 10, 2023, focusing on tracheal replacement for patients who underwent circumferential resection of the trachea or partial resection with preservation of the posterior membranous wall. Non‐human and non‐clinical studies were excluded.ResultsAbout 31 studies were included in the assessment comprising a combination of case reports and case series, and 118 patients underwent tracheal replacement through four underlying methodologies, including tracheal allotransplantation, autologous tissue reconstruction, bioprosthetic reconstruction, or tissue engineering surgery. Each modality exhibits unique advantages and disadvantages, leading to variable outcomes in clinical application.ConclusionTracheal replacement is challenging due to the absence of an ideal substitution or graft material. Despite limited clinical successes observed across various modalities, we believe autologous tissue reconstruction for tracheal replacement has the advantage of broadest indications, low rejection rate, and avoidance of immunosuppressive agents. Future research should focus on achieving tracheal replacement that preserves mucociliary clearance, lateral rigidity, and longitudinal flexibility.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:1517–1522, 2024
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Korean Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire: A validation study
Authors: Nam Sang‐Soo , Lee Yoon Jae , Goo Bonhyuk , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Lee Seung‐Min , Kim Me‐Riong , Ha In‐Hyuk , Lee Jee Young 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) is a reliable tool to assess synkinesis symptoms; however, it is yet to be validated in Korea. Thus, this study aimed to translate and validate the Korean SAQ.MethodsThis validation study was set in a clinic in Seoul, Korea, that provides general integrative medicine services. A total of 100 participants with facial palsy were enrolled. Participants completed the SAQ, House–Brackmann grade (HB grade), Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SB), and Facial Disability Index (FDI). The forward–backward translation method was followed. Of the 100 participants, 31 underwent a second assessment for test–retest reliability. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The construct validity of the Korean version of the SAQ was tested using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThe internal consistency score for the SAQ was 0.789, and the test–retest reliability score was 0.787. According to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the SAQ correlations to the synkinesis subdomain of SB score, total SB score, HB grade, and physical function domain in the FDI score were 0.366 (p < .001), −0.386 (p < .001), 0.315 (p = .001), and −0.269 (p = .007), respectively. All values were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe Korean SAQ is a valid and reliable tool used to evaluate synkinesis in patients with facial palsy.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
The association of lower urinary tract symptoms with schizophrenia and its treatments: A narrative review
Authors: Schofield Ella , Taylor Nicola , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundA higher incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in people with schizophrenia compared to the general population is often suggested. However, it is not clear whether this is a genuine association, and whether it is a direct result of schizophrenia itself, or a side‐effect of certain antipsychotics.MethodsWe undertook a narrative review evaluating how the published literature reports the relationship between LUTS and schizophrenia and its treatments. We searched Embase, Ovid Emcare, and Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL to August 2022, limited to the English language. We selected the following search terms: schizophrenia, schizophrenic, LUTS, overactive bladder, urinary urgency, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, enuresis, nocturnal enuresis, and voiding dysregulation. We identified seven domains for assessment in advance of commencing the review. These were the categorization, description, and treatment status of schizophrenia; evaluation of LUTS; categorization of LUTS confounders; recapturing of the disease states of both schizophrenia and LUTS after therapies; assessment of the association between LUTS and schizophrenia and/or antipsychotics.ResultsThe association between LUTS and schizophrenia was poorly described. The evidence was low quality and focused predominantly on urinary incontinence as an antipsychotic side effect, neglecting other LUTS. The status of schizophrenia was often incompletely characterized, and no papers made use of a bladder diary or LUTS‐specific questionnaires to assess symptoms. No papers collected information about LUTS in patients not on antipsychotics, nor did any thoroughly evaluate the influence of confounding variables. Despite the tendency of symptoms and severity of both conditions to fluctuate over time, no studies fully assessed the status of both schizophrenia and LUTS at baseline, therapy initiation, and follow‐up.ConclusionsIt is not possible to state whether there is an association between LUTS and schizophrenia or its treatments. This review highlights the need to improve research and clinical management of the urinary tract in schizophrenia, with meticulously designed longitudinal studies.
Preparation of a novel Fe‐MOF as the flame retardant synergist and its application in polystyrene
Authors: Jin Xiaodong , Wu Xinyi , Liu Qinyong , Sun Shibing , Cui Suping , Zhang Sheng , Chen Chen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, a metal organic framework (Fe‐MOF) with the effect of absorbing toxic gases and good compatibility was synthesized by chelating a novel organic ligand contained carbonization groups (reacted by tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 1,4‐piperazine dialdehyde) with iron salt. Then, it was used as the synergist to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) within polystyrene (PS) substrate. With the addition of 20% IFR and 2% Fe‐MOF, the obtained PS composites exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.3% and a UL rating of V‐0. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PS composites were decreased by 77.6%, 35.2%, and 33.7%, respectively. According to the mechanism analysis, it was found that Fe‐MOF mainly acted in the condensed phase, contributing to the existence of dense char residues with the presence of IFR system. In addition, the good compatibility of organic ligand in Fe‐MOF with PS substrate could partially alleviate the deterioration of mechanical properties due to the addition of IFR. For PS‐20%IFR/2%Fe‐MOF, the impact strength was improved from 1.7 kJ/m2 (PS‐22%IFR) to 2.2 kJ/m2, the tensile strength was also increased from 21.3 MPa (PS‐22%IFR) to 22.4 MPa.
A critical note on memory‐type charts with the Brownian statistic
Authors: Haq Abdul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the paper, we conduct an assessment of the conditional expected delay (CED) profiles of the EWMA, CUSUM, and dual CUSUM charts based on a statistic linked to Brownian motion. The study reveals a noteworthy observation: the CED curves for these control charts may exhibit an increasing trend over time. Moreover, in a steady‐state scenario, it becomes evident that these control charts could be outperformed by their established counterparts.
Identifying ice‐jam flooding events through the application of dendrogeomorphological methods
Authors: Lubiniecki Teagan , Laroque Colin P. , Lindenschmidt Karl‐Erich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this research, we explore whether a dendrogeomorphological assessment of tree scarring can accurately summarize past ice‐jam flooding events occurring at a given reach of a river. A sample site was chosen with a history of ice‐jam flooding located in close proximity to a river gauge station. Samples were collected along a 200‐m stretch of riverbank to capture the variation in elevations and possible different ice‐jam flooding events. Disk samples were collected from trees with visual scarring evidence that indicated they had endured a past ice‐jam event. Tree cores from an adjacent stand were collected to create a master chronology for each of the sampled species. Tree disks and cores were analyzed under a microscope using a Velmex stage system, then visually and statistically crossdated using the program COFECHA. Based on the last year of tree growth, years of individual injury events were established. The years of injury event dates were compared against the years of highest instantaneous maximum water elevations from gauged river data. The two data sets correlated, as the years with the highest recorded injury event dates were also the years of highest instantaneous water level elevations. The most common years of injury event dates were directly reflected in the top 5 years of the highest river instantaneous water level elevations. In addition, the year of 2020 had the highest water elevations in the past 27 years, which was again reflected in the dendrogeomorphological data as the injury event year of 2020 was recorded on over 90% of the sampled tree disks. The correlation found between the gauged river data and the dendrogeomorphological data strongly suggests that past ice‐jam flooding event dates can accurately be determined through the analysis of trees in riverbank stretches that have been impacted by ice jams. The relationship of the gauged river data to the dendrogeomorphological data will therefore allow researchers to determine ice‐jam site histories in remote areas where no gauged data exist. The site histories can provide information such as the years or heights that past ice‐jam flooding occurred, which could then be used in ice‐jam flooding hazard assessments.
Development and validation of high‐performance thin layer chromatographic method for concurrent estimation of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in combined tablet
Authors: Sen Ashim Kumar , Khatariya Satish B , Sen Dhanya B , Maheshwari Rajesh A , Akabari Ashok H , Velmurugan Ramaswamy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnhanced glycemic regulation in individuals with diabetes mellitus can be achieved using a fixed‐dose combination of dapagliflozin (10 mg) and vildagliptin (100 mg) in tablet. The primary objective of this research was to develop and validate a high‐performance thin layer chromatographic methodology for accurately measuring the quantities of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in combined tablet formulation. The methodology involved using aluminum plates layered with silica gel 60F254, and the solvent system comprised of acetonitrile, benzene, and glacial acetic acid (9:1:2 v/v/v). Densitograms were scanned at a wavelength of 210 nm. The linearity of the procedure was established in the series of 200–2500 ng/band for dapagliflozin and 2000–25000 ng/band for vildagliptin, with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.9931 and 0.9954, correspondingly. The method demonstrated good sensitivity, with detection limits of 21.07 ng/band for dapagliflozin and 154.97 ng/band for vildagliptin; quantification limits of 63.84 ng/band for dapagliflozin and 469.60 ng/band for vildagliptin. The methodology was found to be precise (% relative standard deviation of peak area <2) and accurate (recovery between 97% and 103%). Proposed method was found to be superior and capable of overcoming the shortcomings of previously reported methods for the assessment of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in combined formulation.
Differential patterns of lysosomal dysfunction are seen in the clinicopathological forms of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Swift Imogen J. , Sjödin Simon , Gobom Johan , Brinkmalm Ann , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Sogorb-Esteve Aitana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence implicates endo-lysosomal dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). 18 proteins were quantified using a mass spectrometry assay panel in the cerebrospinal fluid of 36 people with the language variant of FTD, primary progressive aphasia (PPA) (including 13 with non-fluent variant (nfvPPA), 11 with semantic variant (svPPA), and 12 with logopenic variant (lvPPA)) and 19 healthy controls. The concentrations of the cathepsins (B, D, F, L1, and Z) as well as AP-2 complex subunit beta, ganglioside GM2 activator, beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta, tissue alpha l-fucosidase, and ubiquitin were decreased in nfvPPA compared with controls. In contrast, the concentrations of amyloid beta A4 protein, cathepsin Z, and dipeptidyl peptidase 2 were decreased in svPPA compared with controls. No proteins were abnormal in lvPPA. These results indicate a differential alteration of lysosomal proteins in the PPA variants, suggesting those with non-Alzheimer’s pathologies are more likely to show abnormal lysosomal function.
Effect of Nozzle Parameters on the Cooling Conditions in the Secondary Cooling Zone of a Slab Caster
Authors: Taferner Matthias , Laschinger Julian , Bernhard Christian , Bernhard Michael , Ilie Sergiu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe following contribution focuses on the secondary cooling zone of a slab caster, analyzing the effects of nozzle parameters on cooling conditions. The research group employs experimental measurements, including the Nozzle Measuring Stand (NMS), to determine local heat transfer coefficients (HTC) and water distribution. These measurements are crucial for accurately setting the boundary conditions in the simulation. The implementation of these boundary conditions is realized by an Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (EGPR) to predict HTC values. The results highlight the importance of an accurate HTC assessment in regions with overlapping sprays. The developed methodology aids in enhancing the precision of simulations for continuous casting processes, contributing to a better product quality and process efficiency using the non-commercial software platform “m2CAST”.
Atypical neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)
Authors: Uhre Camilla Funch , Ritter Melanie , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Uhre Valdemar Funch , Lønfeldt Nicole Nadine , Müller Anne Dorothee , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Vangkilde Signe , Blair Robert James , Pagsberg Anne Katrine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtypical neurocognitive functioning has been found in adult patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little work has been done in children and adolescents with OCD. In this study, we investigated neurocognitive functioning in a large and representative sample of newly diagnosed children and adolescents with OCD compared to non-psychiatric controls. Children and adolescents with OCD (n = 119) and non-psychiatric controls (n = 90) underwent psychopathological assessment, intelligence testing, and a neurocognitive test battery spanning cognitive flexibility, planning and decision-making, working memory, fluency, and processing speed. The MANOVA main effect revealed that children and adolescents with OCD performed significantly worse than the control group (p < .001, $${\eta }_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

= 0.256). Atypical patient performance was particularly found for indices of cognitive flexibility, decision-making, working memory, and processing speed. We found no evidence of differences in planning or fluency. Moreover, we found no significant associations between neurocognitive performance and OCD symptom severity or comorbidity status. Our results indicate that children and adolescents with OCD show selective atypical neurocognitive functioning. These difficulties do not appear to drive their OCD symptoms. However, they may contribute to lifespan difficulties and interfere with treatment efficacy, an objective of our research currently.
Antibiotic use in pediatric acute care hospitals: an analysis of antibiotic consumption data from Germany, 2013–2020
Authors: Freudenhammer Mirjam , Hufnagel Markus , Steib-Bauert Michaela , Mansmann Ulrich , de With Katja , Fellhauer Matthias , Kern Winfried V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are effective tools for improving antibiotic prescription quality. Their implementation requires the regular surveillance of antibiotic consumption at the patient and institutional level. Our study captured and analyzed antibiotic consumption density (ACD) for hospitalized pediatric patients.

Method
We collected antibacterial drug consumption data for 2020 from hospital pharmacies at 113 pediatric departments of acute care hospitals in Germany. ACD was calculated as defined daily dose (DDD, WHO/ATC Index 2019) per 100 patient days (pd). In addition, we analyzed the trends in antibiotic use during 2013–2020.

Results
In 2020, median ACD across all participating hospitals was 26.7 DDD/100 pd, (range: 10.1–79.2 DDD/100 pd). It was higher at university vs. non-university hospitals (38.6 vs. 25.2 DDD/100 pd, p < 0.0001). The highest use densities were seen on oncology wards and intensive care units at university hospitals (67.3 vs. 38.4 DDD/100 pd). During 2013–2020, overall ACD declined (− 10%) and cephalosporin prescriptions also decreased (− 36%). In 2020, cephalosporins nevertheless remained the most commonly dispensed class of antibiotics. Interhospital variability in cephalosporin/penicillin ratio was substantial. Antibiotics belonging to WHO AWaRe “Watch” and “Reserve” categories, including broad-spectrum penicillins (+ 31%), linezolid (+ 121%), and glycopeptides (+ 43%), increased over time.

Conclusion
Significant heterogeneity in ACD and prescription of different antibiotic classes as well as high prescription rates for cephalosporins and an increased use of reserve antibiotics indicate improvable antibiotic prescribing quality. AMS programs should urgently prioritize these issues to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
Energetic Electrons Near Europa From Juno JEDI Data
Authors: Paranicas C. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Kollmann P. , Westlake J. , Hibbitts K. , Nordheim T. , Hand K. , Brennan M. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptical remote sensing observations have suggested that the top layer of Europa's icy surface is heavily affected by external weathering agents. To model and understand these effects, it is necessary to characterize the environment as fully as possible. In this paper, we focus on one agent in the environment (energetic electrons). We show Juno electron data from its 2022 Europa flyby and other time periods. While the Juno sensor used here (Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument) was not designed to obtain high quality electron data in an intense radiation environment, it is possible to extract information such as how Europa blocks energetic particles from accessing some of the surrounding space. The decrease in charged particle flux in Europa's wake provides an upper limit on the precipitation fluxes of the same particles. We also report that electron pitch angle distributions near Europa for the single energy channel considered here are time variable and not isotropic.