bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small‐size surface‐mountable circularly polarized ceramic‐chip antenna for GPS application
Authors: Lin Yeh‐Chian , Chiu Tsung‐Wen , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA small‐size circularly polarized ceramic‐chip antenna suitable for surface mounting on a system circuit board is presented. The antenna mainly comprises a square radiating patch with a cross slot on the top surface, a square ground plane on the bottom surface, and a side‐feed conformal strip on the side surface. For obtaining circular polarization (CP) radiation for global positioning system (GPS) operation at 1575 MHz, a prototype is constructed using a square‐disk ceramic chip of dimensions 12 × 12 × 4 mm3 and having relative permittivity of 90, and the experimental results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 300–302, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11360
An integrated electro‐optic E‐field sensor with segmented electrodes
Authors: Fuwen Zhang , Fushen Chen , Kun Qiu 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn integrated electro‐optical E‐field sensor using a proton‐exchanged LiNbO3Mach–Zehnder (M–Z) interferometer with a combined antenna and modulator electrode structure is designed and fabricated to improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of the device. The experimental results show that the minimum detectable voltage is 0.22 mV at 900 MHz and the laser diode has a 5.6‐mA bias current. Variation of the sensitivity with the frequency is analyzed using the method of moments (MoM), and the calculated results basically agree with the measured results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 302–305, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11361
Millimeter‐wave signal generation using an injection‐locking scheme
Authors: Kim Jung‐Tae , Kim Sokehwan , Hur Chang‐Wu , Ryu Kwang‐Ryol 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA new technique for generating millimeter‐wave signals from a semiconductor laser is presented. A 32‐GHz signal is generated using a multi‐section semiconductor laser, which is operated under continuous‐wave conditions and by injecting optical pulses at a repetition rate equal to the fourth subharmonic (8 GHz). The generated millimeter‐wave signal exhibits a large subharmonic suppression ratio (>17 dB), a large‐frequency detuning range (>300 MHz), low levels of phase noise (−77.5 dBc/Hz), and large locking (>400 MHz). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 308–310, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11363
Characteristics of a microstrip‐excited high‐permittivity rectangular dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Mridula S. , Menon Sreedevi K. , Mohanan P. , Bijumon P. V. , Sebastian M. T. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe radiation characteristics of a microstrip‐line‐excited rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) are studied experimentally. The radiation characteristics and excitation of different modes are highly influenced by the orientation of the DR, feed line parameters, and finite size of the ground plane. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 316–318, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11366
A new method for load matching in multimode‐microwave heating applicators based on the use of dielectric‐layer superposition
Authors: Monzó‐Cabrera J. , Díaz‐Morcillo A. , Pedreño‐Molina J. L. , Sánchez‐Hernández D. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractUsage of a dielectric multilayer around a dielectric sample is studied as a means for improving the efficiency in multimode microwave‐heating cavities. The results show that by using additional dielectric constant layers the appearance of undesired reflections at the sample‐air interface is avoided and higher power‐absorption rates within the sample and high‐efficiency designs are obtained. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 318–322, 2004
A novel CPW power amplifier linearized by CCRC
Authors: Mo T. T. , Xue Q. , Chan C. H. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA novel power amplifier incorporating a compact coplanar waveguide resonant cell (CCRC) is proposed. With the adjustment of the transmission line between the CCRC and the transistor, the second harmonic generated by the transistor can be partly canceled by the CCRC reflection at a suitable phase. Thus, the intermodulation level of the power amplifier can be improved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 323–324, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11368
Noise model of a reverse‐biased cold‐FET applied to the characterization of its ENR
Authors: Maya M. C. , Lázaro A. , Pradell L. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a broadband‐noise circuit model for a “cold”‐FET (Vds= 0 V) with a reverse‐biased gate. The noise model includes two intrinsic uncorrelated noise‐current sources whose spectral densities are determined from measurement of the device'sSparameters and noise powers. The model is used to characterize the device's excess noise ratio (ENR) for application to full receiver‐noise calibration. Experimental results up to 40 GHz are given. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 326–330, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11370
Applying the method of moments to the analysis of large tapered slot antennas through unequal sectioning
Authors: Mokraoui A. , Aksas R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAn attempt is made to apply the method of moments (MoM) to large tapered slot antennas (TSA). Previous analyses of the current distribution on the conducting plates and the polarization current in the dielectric region suggested the use of an optimal unequal sectioning of the antenna. That sectioning helps to reduce the number of involved unknowns while improving the modelling of the slot geometry. Our numerical results are compared to experimental measurements, and large TSA proved to be efficient with respect to other analysis methods. Despite the amount of hardware resources used by this model, our algorithm is run on a desktop computer. Once again, the MoM shows its sharp accuracy in handling electromagnetic problems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 331–335, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11371
Electromagnetic analysis techniques for 3D microwave structures using commercial electromagnetic software
Authors: Tsitsos S. , Gibson A. A. P. , Davis L. E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA three‐pole ceramic monoblock filter is analysed using HFSS. The numerical results are compared with the measurements, and possible reasons for disagreement between the measured and simulated results are investigated. The development of new techniques to minimise this discrepancy is also presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 335–339, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11372
Radar pulse interleaving for multi‐target tracking
Authors: Elshafei Moustafa , Sherali Hanif D. , Smith J. Cole 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn a multifunction radar, the maximum number of targets that can be managed or tracked is an important performance measure. Interleaving algorithms developed to operate radars exploit the dead‐times between the transmitted and the received pulses to allocate new tracking tasks that might involve transmitting or receiving pulses, thus increasing the capacity of the system. The problem of interleaving N targets involves a search among N! possibilities, and suboptimal solutions are usually employed to satisfy the real‐time constraints of the radar system. In this paper, we present new tight 0–1 integer programming models for the radar pulse interleaving problem and develop effective solution methods based on Lagrangian relaxation techniques. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Analysis of algorithms for two‐stage flowshops with multi‐processor task flexibility
Authors: Vairaktarakis George L. , Lee Chung‐Yee 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this article we introduce a 2‐machine flowshop with processing flexibility. Two processing modes are available for each task: namely, processing by the designated processor, and processing simultaneously by both processors. The objective studied is makespan minimization. This production environment is encountered in repetitive manufacturing shops equipped with processors that have the flexibility to execute orders either individually or in coordination. In the latter case, the product designer exploits processing synergies between two processors so as to execute a particular task much faster than a dedicated processor. This type of flowshop environment is also encountered in labor‐intensive assembly lines where products moving downstream can be processed either in the designated assembly stations or by pulling together the work teams of adjacent stations. This scheduling problem requires determining the mode of operation of each task, and the subsequent scheduling that preserves the flowshop constraints. We show that the problem is ordinary NP‐complete and obtain an optimal solution using a dynamic programming algorithm with considerable computational requirements for medium and large problems. Then, we present a number of dynamic programming relaxations and analyze their worst‐case error performance. Finally, we present a polynomial time heuristic with worst‐case error performance comparable to that of the dynamic programming relaxations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Economic ordering decisions with market choice flexibility
Authors: Geunes Joseph , Shen Zuo‐Jun , Romeijn H. Edwin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractStandard approaches to classical inventory control problems treat satisfying a predefined demand level as a constraint. In many practical contexts, however, total demand is comprised of separate demands from different markets or customers. It is not always clear that constraining a producer to satisfy all markets is an optimal approach. Since the inventory‐related cost of an item depends on total demand volume, no clear method exists for determining a market's profitability a priori, based simply on per unit revenue and cost. Moreover, capacity constraints often limit a producer's ability to meet all demands. This paper presents models to address economic ordering decisions when a producer can choose whether to satisfy multiple markets. These models result in a set of nonlinear binary integer programming problems that, in the uncapacitated case, lend themselves to efficient solution due to their special structure. The capacitated versions can be cast as nonlinear knapsack problems, for which we propose a heuristic solution approach that is asymptotically optimal in the number of markets. The models generalize the classical EOQ and EPQ problems and lead to interesting optimization problems with intuitively appealing solution properties and interesting implications for inventory and pricing management. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Epidemiologic analysis of 1,442 children and adolescents registered in the German germ cell tumor protocols
Authors: Schneider Dominik T. , Calaminus Gabriele , Koch Susanne , Teske Carmen , Schmidt Piroska , Haas Rainer J. , Harms Dieter , Göbel Ulrich 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundGerm cell tumors (GCTs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors that significantly vary with respect to their clinical presentation and biology. The objective of this analysis was to analyze a large population‐based pediatric cohort of GCTs and to evaluate the parameters age, sex, site of the tumor, histology, and potential correlations between these parameters.ProcedureBetween 1981 and 2000, 1,442 patients were prospectively enrolled onto the German protocols for testicular and non‐testicular GCTs. Tumors were histologically classified according to the WHO.ResultsWe observed a bimodal age distribution with a first peak during infancy and a second after the onset of puberty. At birth, almost all tumors were teratomas, sometimes with microfoci of yolk sac tumor, which on the other hand, was the predominant histology during childhood. After the onset of puberty, germinomatous GCTs represented the most frequent histological subtype, and malignant non‐germinomatous GCTs often presented as mixed tumors with choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma components. During infancy, non‐gonadal GCTs accounted for the majority of GCTs, while after the onset of puberty, gonadal GCTs predominated. Notably, among non‐gonadal GCTs, there was a female predominance during childhood and a strong male predominance during adolescence.ConclusionsTwo separate groups of GCTs with distinct clinical features relevant for differential diagnosis and the diagnostic assessment can be distinguished. This observation correlates with genetic studies that reveal different genetic changes in childhood and adolescence GCTs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of germ cell and GCT development that account for the age‐ and sex‐dependent clinical manifestation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of pleural effusion at diagnosis of Wilms tumor
Authors: Corey Bethany , Yang Chen‐Ho , Wilimas Judith A. , Davidoff Andrew , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is uncommon at diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Because the clinical significance of this finding has not been reported, a retrospective review of this entity was conducted.ProcedureThe radiology reports and medical records of 233 patients with Wilms tumor who were treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed.ResultsTen of the 233 patients (4.3%) had pleural effusions detected on pre‐nephrectomy imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) scans were more sensitive than chest X‐rays in identifying pleural effusions. All of the patients with pleural effusions had tumors of favorable histology. Two patients had stage II disease, five had stage III disease, two had stage IV disease, and one had stage V (bilateral) disease. All of the effusions occurred on the same side as the primary kidney tumors and six effusions were associated with ascites. The two effusions that were tapped were negative for tumor cells. All 10 patients in our series were alive without recurrence with a median follow‐up duration of 68 months, yet only two patients were treated with lung irradiation.ConclusionPleural effusion at presentation of Wilms tumor is uncommon and not associated with adverse prognosis. We recommend that pleural effusions be tapped whenever feasible if the results will change therapy. Patients with pleural effusions that are small and difficult to tap may be treated according to their local stage without pulmonary irradiation. Further analysis of pleural effusions in a larger group of patients is necessary to confirm our preliminary observations. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo drug resistance in childhood acute myeloid leukemia on relapse is not higher than at first diagnosis
Authors: Styczynski Jan , Wysocki Mariusz 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRelapsed pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a poor clinical prognosis. The aim of this study was the analysis of the ex vivo drug resistance profile on relapse in childhood AML in comparison to newly diagnosed AML. The results of 98 pediatric AML samples tested by the MTT assay were analyzed. Eighteen samples (18%) were excluded from the further analysis due to spontaneous apoptosis of blasts in 4‐days culture, low percentage of myeloblasts in the sample either in the beginning or at the end of the assay, infection, or formation of clots in the sample. Finally, ex vivo drug resistance of 20 relapsed samples were compared with that of 60 de novo AML, including 9 matched pairs. Up to 18 drugs were tested for each patient. No significant differences between drug resistance at diagnosis and at relapse in AML was found, neither for the whole groups of patients, nor for matched pairs only. Possibly, relatively good sensitivity of myeloblasts on relapse was found against melphalan, thiotepa, 4‐HOO‐ifosfamide, and cladribine. In summary, cellular drug resistance in childhood AML at relapse is not higher than at first diagnosis. These observations suggest that other, than cellular drug resistance, factors play a key role in therapy failure of relapsed childhood AML. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is alveolar histotype a prognostic factor in paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma? The experience of Italian and German Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cooperative Group
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Bisogno G. , Casanova M. , Brecht I.B. , Alaggio R. , Cecchetto G. , Provenzi M. , Koscielniak E. , Treuner J. , Carli M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPurposeTo ascertain whether alveolar histology retains its adverse prognostic role in the subset of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients, generally characterized by a very good outcome.Patients and MethodsTwenty pediatric patients were treated over a 25‐year period using the protocols of the Italian and German Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cooperative Groups. Clinical characteristics at presentation were much the same as in non‐alveolar patients.ResultsThe proportion of patients with alveolar histotype (8%) in paratesticular site was lower than in the general RMS population (20–30%). With a median follow‐up of 122 months, 5‐year EFS and OS were 78 and 89%, respectively.ConclusionOur data suggest a distinctly better clinical behavior of paratesticular alveolar RMS than when the disease occurs at other sites. These patients were more intensively treated than the embryonal cases, however, so—although a treatment intensity reduction may be desiderable—the idea of eliminating the alkylating agents (as in low‐risk embryonal paratesticular RMS) must be considered with great caution. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up of survivors of childhood cancer in the UK
Authors: Taylor Aliki , Hawkins Mike , Griffiths Annie , Davies Helena , Douglas Carolyn , Jenney Meriel , Wallace W Hamish B , Levitt Gill 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer is rare, but there are now good survival prospects and in the UK approximately 1 in 1,000 young adults is a survivor of childhood cancer. There are many adverse health outcomes associated with the treatment of childhood cancer often arising several years after completion of treatment. The aim of this study was to quantify the long‐term clinical follow‐up practices concerning survivors of childhood cancer.ProcedureA cross‐sectional postal survey of 22 treatment centres of the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) clinicians was carried out as well as a cross‐sectional postal survey of general practitioners of most adult survivors of childhood cancer in Britain.ResultsSubsequent to 5 years after the end of treatment: 52% of UKCCSG clinicians follow‐up all survivors for life, while 45% discharge some patients. Of those clinicians discharging: over 50% discharged benign, stage I or tumors treated with surgery alone, in contrast 16% reported discharging all or most patients; almost all (97%) clinicians discharged to a general practitioner. Only 14% of clinicians reported nurses undertook a specialist role. Sixty‐five percent of the 10,979 general practitioners reported that their patient was not on regular hospital follow‐up.ConclusionsThere are wide variations in the extent to which survivors of childhood cancer are discharged from hospital follow‐up. There is a need for regularly updated national guidelines concerning the levels of follow‐up required for specific groups of survivors defined principally by the treatment they received. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:161–168. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of semifluorinated block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Radhakrishnan Karunakaran , Switek Karen A. , Hillmyer Marc A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTwo sets of styrene‐based semifluorinated block copolymers, one with a perfluoroether pendant group and another with a perfluoroalkyl group, were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Microphase separation of the block copolymers was established by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC measurements also showed that the perfluoroether‐based polymer had a low glass‐transition temperature (−44 °C). Contact‐angle measurements indicated that the semifluorinated block copolymers had low surface energies (ca. 13 mJ/m2). These materials hold promise as low‐surface‐energy additives or surfactants for supercritical CO2applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 853–861, 2004
A polymeric photobase generator containing oxime–urethane groups: Crosslinking reaction and application to negative photoresist
Authors: Chae Kyu Ho , Sung Kyung Hee 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA polymeric photobase generator containing oxime–urethane groups was prepared by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and methacryloxyethyl benzophenoneoxime urethane, and its photo and thermal crosslinking reaction after irradiation was examined from the measurement of UV and IR absorption spectral changes, insoluble fraction, and molecular weight changes. The photo‐crosslinking reaction of the copolymer film was more efficient when irradiations were carried out with 310 nm UV light in the presence of benzophenone than with 254 nm UV light without the addition of benzophenone. The crosslinking reaction increased after postexposure baking (PEB), and this thermal crosslinking reaction mechanism was studied from the identification of the photolysis products of a model compound, benzophenoneoxime phenylurethane, by a high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that the thermal crosslinking reaction of the copolymer after PEB is due to the formation of urea‐type chemical bonds. Resist properties of the copolymer were examined from the measurement of normalized thickness and micropattern development. A negative tone image with a resolution of 2 μm was obtained with this copolymer, having a sensitivity (D) of 1200 mJ/cm2 and contrast (γn) of 1.31, when irradiation was carried out with 310 nm UV light in the presence of benzophenone following chloroform development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 975–984, 2004