bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid approach to flow net generation
Authors: Jones Norman L. , Lemon Alan M. , Tracy Fred T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy following a simple set of rules, a flow net can be manually constructed to obtain a graphical solution to the Laplace equation for simple two‐dimensional (2‐D) flow problems. With the advent of numerical solutions such as the finite difference and finite element methods, it is more common to generate a flow net automatically using the nodal head and flow values output by the computer program. Two methods have been published for automatically generating flow nets from finite element solutions: the stream‐function method and the particle‐tracking method. The stream‐function method works well for many cases, but it does not work for problems with holes in the mesh or internal sources or sinks. The particle‐tracking method works for all cases, but previously published algorithms that utilize this method do not result in the properly sized flow channels. A new approach is presented in this paper that is a hybrid of the stream‐function and particle‐tracking approaches. This method works for all cases and generates the properly sized flow channels. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebral electrical response on urinary bladder filling: First experimental findings*
Authors: Bross Stephan , Schumacher Stefan , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Braun Peter M. , Alken Peter , Jünemann Klaus P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicturition disorders in neurologic diseases are often combined with reduced bladder sensation. Bladder sensation is important to time the void appropriately and to prevent bladder overdistension. We attempted to evaluate cerebral evoked potentials by bladder distension to objectively determine bladder sensation. In six rabbits, cerebral evoked potentials were evaluated by averaging cerebral responses to bladder distension. We stimulated the bladder with a computerized air pump system, resulting in repeated filling and emptying of the bladder. The number of stimulations, stimulation intensity, and different electroencephalograph electrode positions (both mastoids and frontal) were investigated. In all rabbits, cerebral evoked potentials were observed after 500 stimulations when stimulation pressure exceeded a certain threshold. Optimum response was observed after 1,000 stimulations. The latency of response of the frontal electrode position was observed after the mastoidal response with a significant delay of approximately 0.8 seconds. The latencies were significantly different when using different stimulation intensities. At lower intensity (mean pressure, 16.6 mm Hg), the response was observed after 4.531 ± 0.909 seconds. At higher intensity (mean pressure, 19.0 mm Hg), cerebral response was observed after a latency of 3.971 ± 0.735 seconds. We conclude that recording of cerebral evoked potentials by bladder distension is possible, resulting in an objective evaluation of afferent pathways from the bladder. In combination with subjective perception of bladder fullness, this finding may be a conceivable basis for a biofeedback training program to recover bladder sensation in patients with reduced bladder sensation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:214–224, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NK2 tachykinin receptors mediate contraction of the pig intravesical ureter: Tachykinin‐induced enhancement of non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic excitatory neurotransmission
Authors: Bustamante Salvador , Orensanz Luis M. , Barahona María Victoria , García‐Sacristán Albino , Hernández Medardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe current study was designed to characterize the functionally active tachykinin receptors involved in tachykinin‐elicited contractions in the pig intravesical ureter, and to investigate the possible modulation exerted by the natural tachykinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) on the non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) excitatory ureteral neurotransmission. In pig intravesical ureteral strips pretreated with phosphoramidon (10−5 mol/L) to block the endopeptidase activities, isometric force recordings showed that SP, NKA, and the NK2 receptor selective agonist [β‐Ala8]‐NKA (4–10), all three induced contractions, with the following potency order: NKA > [β‐Ala8 ]‐NKA (4–10) >  SP. [Sar9, Met(O2)11]‐SP and senktide, selective agonists of the NK1 and NK3 receptors, respectively, failed to modify the ureteral tone. Urothelium removal and incubation with tetrodotoxin (10−6 mol/L), phentolamine (10−7 mol/L), propranolol (3 × 10−6 mol/L), atropine (10−7 mol/L) and indomethacin (3  ×  10−6 mol/L), did not alter the contraction induced by a submaximal (10−7 mol/L) dose of [β‐Ala8]‐NKA (4–10). MEN 10,376 (10−8–10−7 mol/L), a NK2 receptor antagonist, reduced the contraction to 3  ×  10−8 mol/L NKA. GR 82334 (10−6 –10−5 mol/L) and SR 142801 (10−8–10−7 mol/L), selective antagonists of the NK1 and NK3 receptors, respectively, did not modify that contraction. In pig intravesical ureteral strips in NANC conditions, SP and NKA induced a potentiation of the contractions to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and to exogenous ATP. The results suggest that the tachykinins evoke a direct contraction of pig intravesical ureteral strips through NK2 receptors located in the smooth muscle. SP and NKA exert an enhancement of the NANC excitatory neurotransmission of the pig intravesical ureter. Neurourol. Urodynam. 20:297–308, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐invasive, quantitative assessment of the anatomical phenotype of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐overexpressing mice by MRI
Authors: Beckmann N. , Gentsch C. , Baumann D. , Bruttel K. , Vassout A. , Schoeffter P. , Loetscher E. , Bobadilla M. , Perentes E. , Rudin M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to quantify alterations in thymus and adrenal volumes, as well as body fat in genetically engineered corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF)‐overexpressing mice. When compared to the organs in age‐matched wild‐type animals, the adrenals in CRF‐overexpressing male mice were significantly enlarged and the thymus volume in females was significantly smaller. The fat content was significantly larger in CRF‐overexpressing mice. The anatomical alterations observed in the MRI studies were in perfect line with post‐mortem data (weights of organs). Furthermore, the observed interstrain differences are in agreement with recently published data on (i) the effect of continuous, intraventricular infusion of CRF in rats and (ii) the presence of atrophic adrenals in CRF‐knockout mice. The present studies demonstrate that MRI can provide reliable measures of relatively small structures such as the adrenal glands and the thymus in mice. This makes MRI an attractive, non‐terminal tool to monitor in laboratory animals, including transgenic mice, the consequence of continuous stress on relevant organs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

ACTH

adrenocorticotropin

CRF

corticotropin‐releasing factor

CT

computed tomography

FOV

field‐of‐view

HPA

hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal

i.d.

internal diameter

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

tg

transgenic

TE

echo time

TR

repetition time

wt

wild‐type
The importance of modal bandwidth in Gigabit Ethernet systems
Authors: Koon David N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article deals with the evaluation of bandwidth measurements in Gigabit Ethernet Systems using an empirical data model. It concentrates on the use of multimode fibers due to the advent of Vertical Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) technology that improves the performance of multimode fiber optics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Worst‐case incremental analysis for a class of p‐facility location problems
Authors: Francis R. L. , Lowe T. J. , Tamir A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider a rather large class of p‐facility location models including the p‐median, p‐center, and other related and more general models. For any such model of interest with p new facilities, let v(p) denote the minimal objective function value and let n be the number of demand points. Given 1 ≤ p < q ≤ n, we find easily computed positive constants k(p, q), where v(q)/v(p) ≤ k(p, q) ≤ 1. These resulting inequalities relating v(p) and v(q) are worst case, since they are attained as equalities for a class of “hub‐and‐spoke” trees. Our results also provide insight into some demand point aggregation problems, where a graph of the function v(q) can provide an upper bound on aggregation error. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balanced network flows. IV. Duality and structure theory
Authors: Fremuth‐Paeger Christian , Jungnickel Dieter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we present a theory for generalized graph factor problems which is basically equivalent to Chapter 10 in Lovasz/Plummer [8] but considerably more intuitive since it uses the language of balanced network flows. The highlights are extensions of the Gallai—Edmonds decomposition and an intuitive development of Lovasz's factor theorem. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lanczos, Householder transformations, and implicit deflation for fast and reliable dominant singular subspace computation
Authors: Fierro Ricardo D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany applications, such as subspace‐based models in information retrieval and signal processing, require the computation of singular subspaces associated with the k dominant, or largest, singular values of an m×n data matrix A, where k≪min(m,n). Frequently, A is sparse or structured, which usually means matrix–vector multiplications involving A and its transpose can be done with much less than 𝒪(mn) flops, and A and its transpose can be stored with much less than 𝒪(mn) storage locations. Many Lanczos‐based algorithms have been proposed through the years because the underlying Lanczos method only accesses A and its transpose through matrix–vector multiplications. We implement a new algorithm, called KSVD, in the Matlab environment for computing approximations to the singular subspaces associated with the k dominant singular values of a real or complex matrix A. KSVD is based upon the Lanczos tridiagonalization method, the WY representation for storing products of Householder transformations, implicit deflation, and the QR factorization. Our Matlab simulations suggest it is a fast and reliable strategy for handling troublesome singular‐value spectra. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit algorithm using explicit correctors for the kinematic hardening model with multiple back stresses
Authors: Sawyer J. P. G. , Wang C. H. , Jones R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient mathematical algorithm for a class of non‐linear kinematic hardening models with multiple back stresses, as an extension of the implicit integration algorithm for a single back stress hardening model. Explicit formulations for general three‐dimensional stress states as well as plane stress and plane strain are given. The new formulation is implemented in a general‐purpose finite element code, ABAQUS, and is verified by comparison with the existing formulation for the single back‐stress constitutive model. Comparison is also made with the experimental results obtained from a plate containing a circular hole subjected to cyclic loading, demonstrating the validity of new method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of semi‐analytical design sensitivities of non‐linear structures using equilibrium relations
Authors: Parente E. , Vaz L. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe accuracy problem of the semi‐analytical method for shape design sensitivity analysis has been reported for linear and non‐linear structures. The source of error is the numerical differentiation of the element internal force vector, which is inherent to the semi‐analytical approach. Such errors occur for structures whose displacement field is characterized by large rigid body rotations of individual elements. This paper presents a method for the improvement of semi‐analytical sensitivities. The method is based on the element free body equilibrium conditions, and on the exact differentiation of the rigid body modes. The method is efficient, simple to code, and can be applied to linear and non‐linear structures. The numerical examples show that this approach eliminates the abnormal errors that occur in the conventional semi‐analytical method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization algorithms for physically non‐linear structures
Authors: Selyugin Sergei V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA family of numerical methods and algorithms targeted to the optimization of physically non‐linear structures is proposed. The structures are described using finite element approach, they are supposed to be loaded by single static loading. It is assumed that various types of finite elements are used for the description. Buckling effects are neglected. Sizing design variables with prescribed lower limits are considered. The numerical approach is based on the use of physically non‐linear hyperelastic (PNH) model for the description of active loading process for the physically non‐linear structures. Three optimization sub‐problems for the PNH structures are considered. Variational principles for the structures as well as optimality conditions and particular solutions of the sub‐problems are used for the development of algorithms intended for numerical solution of the sub‐problems. Geometrical interpretation of the algorithms is presented. Monotonicity properties of the algorithms are proved under some assumptions. It is indicated how the algorithms may be used for the general case of optimization of physically non‐linear structure under single loading. Numerical examples are presented. Monotonicity of the algorithms is demonstrated. It is noted that no numerical problems arise when some structural members degenerate during numerical process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized complex eigenvector method for dynamic analysis of heterogeneous viscoelastic structures
Authors: Mokeyev Vladimir V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA generalized complex eigenvector method which can be used to a linear dynamic analysis of viscoelastic structures is described. Here dynamic analysis is understood as transient analysis and frequency response analysis. The generalized complex eigenvector method is based on finite element discretization of structure, approximation of viscoelastic properties by differential operators and mode superposition technique. Coefficients of differential operator are defined from the condition of best coincidence of complex characteristic of viscoelastic material and complex characteristic of differential operator in preset frequency range. Advantage of this method is that it allows to take into account the real changes of the viscoelastic property in frequency range. Also, the generalized complex eigenvector method permit to describe a viscoelastic properties by two functions (complex Young's modulus, complex Poisson's ratio). The method is verified with the help of comparing with solutions obtained by complex modulus method. An influence of viscoelastic Poisson's ratio on transient and frequency responses of structure is demonstrated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse design of directional solidification processes in the presence of a strong external magnetic field
Authors: Sampath Rajiv , Zabaras Nicholas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA computational method for the design of directional alloy solidification processes is addressed such that a desired growth velocity νf under stable growth conditions is achieved. An externally imposed magnetic field is introduced to facilitate the design process and to reduce macrosegregation by the damping of melt flow. The design problem is posed as a functional optimization problem. The unknowns of the design problem are the thermal boundary conditions. The cost functional is taken as the square of the L2 norm of an expression representing the deviation of the freezing interface thermal conditions from the conditions corresponding to local thermodynamic equilibrium. The adjoint method for the inverse design of continuum processes is adopted in this work. A continuum adjoint system is derived to calculate the adjoint temperature, concentration, velocity and electric potential fields such that the gradient of the L2 cost functional can be expressed analytically. The cost functional minimization process is realized by the conjugate gradient method via the FE solutions of the continuum direct, sensitivity and adjoint problems. The developed formulation is demonstrated with an example of designing the boundary thermal fluxes for the directional growth of a germanium melt with dopant impurities in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. The design is shown to achieve a stable interface growth at a prescribed desired growth rate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersion analysis of stabilized finite element methods for acoustic fluid interaction with Reissner–Mindlin plates
Authors: Thompson Lonny L. , Sankar Sridhar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe application of stabilized finite element methods to model the vibration of elastic plates coupled with an acoustic fluid medium is considered. A complex‐wavenumber dispersion analysis of acoustic fluid interaction with Reissner–Mindlin plates is performed to quantify the accuracy of stabilized finite element methods for fluid‐loaded plates. Results demonstrate the improved accuracy of a recently developed hybrid least‐squares (HLS) plate element based on a modified Hellinger–Reissner functional, consistently combined with residual‐based methods for the acoustic fluid, compared to standard Galerkin and Galerkin gradient least‐squares plate elements. The technique of complex wavenumber dispersion analysis is used to examine the accuracy of the discretized system in the representation of free waves for fluid‐loaded plates. The influence of fluid and coupling matrices resulting from consistent implementation of pressure loading in the residual for the plate equation is examined and clarified for the different finite element approximations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐linear inverse vibration problem of estimating the time‐dependent stiffness coefficients by conjugate gradient method
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Hung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn iterative regularization method, i.e. the conjugate gradient method (CGM) is applied to an inverse non‐linear force vibration problem to estimate the unknown time‐dependent stiffness coefficients (or spring constants) in a damped system by using the measured system displacement. It is assumed that no prior information is available on the functional form of the unknown stiffness coefficients in the present study, thus, it is classified as the function estimation in inverse calculation. The accuracy of the inverse analysis is examined by using the simulated exact and inexact displacement measurements. The numerical simulations are performed to test the validity of the present algorithm by using different types of stiffness coefficients and measurement errors. Results show that an excellent estimation on the time‐dependent spring constants can be obtained with any arbitrary initial guesses within a couple of seconds of CPU time at Pentium III‐500 MHz PC. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning from history: Leveraging experience and context to improve organizational excellence
Authors: Cortada James W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe perspectives of history are usually seen to be of value in politics, but the same approach can equally well
serve businesses. Learning from the past—of the company, of the industry, of the market—can help point
the way to future success. Consider what a historian could do for your company. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
More Powerful Communication: From the Language of Prizes and Praising to the Language of Ongoing Regard
Authors: Kegan Robert , Lahey Lisa Laskow 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe management literature is replete with exhortations to managers to praise good workers. And, while praise may well beat the no‐news‐is‐good‐news management style, there is a more effective level of communication. The authors explain and illustrate here the way direct, specific, and nonattributive communications empower both the receiver and the giver. © 2001 by the authors. Reprinted by permission of Jossey‐Bass, Inc., a subsidiary of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Culture Helped Dow AgroSciences Succeed in Achieving Business Objectives of an Acquisition
Authors: Head Henry W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen Mycogen Seeds, a subsidiary of Dow AgroSciences (DAS), purchased Cargill Hybrid Seeds, there
were good business reasons to do so. But DAS knew that achieving the promising business synergies depended upon
successfully blending not just the businesses, but the culture in which the critical people would work. So they
established a cross‐functional integration team whose efforts both embodied a culture of respect for each
individual and built as smooth a path as possible to achieve the underlying business objectives. ©
2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Setting Priorities: Organizational Change at a Federal Civil Rights Agency
Authors: Igasaki Paul M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 1995, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was drowning in an ever rising tide
of aging charges of discrimination, and its litigation program was treading water in a sea of relatively
insignificant lawsuits. The agency's stakeholders—employers and the civil rights
community—normally have diametrically opposed positions on most issues, but they were in full agreement
about one thing: The EEOC's credibility as a law enforcement agency was crippled. The agency took far too
long to investigate charges, and very few of the lawsuits it filed involved matters of public importance. As a
result, the agency had little deterrent effect on discriminatory behavior. Some of this was a result of budget and
staffing shortages, and some was caused by Commission policies. Whatever the causes, the Commission has made
dramatic reforms since 1995, though much work remains to be done to fulfill its mission. © 2001 John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Royal Dutch Shell Quantifies the Benefits of Leadership Development
Authors: Niemes Jim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLeadership development often seems like a fuzzy concept, even though it also intuitively seems crucial to
optimizing organizational effectiveness. But there are ways to inject rigor into the process, ensuring that it
permeates all levels of the organization and produces measurable results. Royal Dutch Shell has implemented such a
rigorous process, reaping a variety of tangible results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Three Keys for Translating Strategy into Action
Authors: Cascella Victor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBusiness strategies that fail often do so, not because of anything wrong with the ideas, but rather because
the organization is not coherently focused on achieving them. A useful tactical approach is to examine
processes, measurement systems, and accountability—all to see how they best can support the strategies.
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.