bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Profiles of Ivermectin in Horses following Oral or Intramuscular Administration
Authors: Pérez R. , Godoy C. , Palma C. , Cabezas I. , Muñoz L. , Rubilar L. , Arboix M. , Alvinerie M. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryA study was undertaken in order to evaluate and compare ivermectin's (IVM) plasma disposition kinetic parameters after oral or intramuscular (IM) administration in horses. Ten clinically healthy adult horses, weighing 380–496 kg body weight (BW), were allocated to two experimental groups of five horses. Group I, was treated with an oral paste formulation of IVM at the manufacturer's recommended dose of 0.2 mg/kg BW. Group II, was treated IM with an injectable 1% formulation of IVM at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg BW. Blood samples were collected by jugular puncture at different times between 0.5 h and 75 days post‐treatment. After plasma extraction and derivatization, samples were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. A computerized kinetic analysis was performed, and data were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The parent molecule was detected in plasma between 30 min and either 20 (oral) or 40 (IM) days post‐treatment. Significant differences were found for the time corresponding to peak plasma concentrations (tmax) and for absorption half‐life. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 51.3 ± 16.1 ng/ml (mean ± SD) were obtained after oral administration and of 31.4 ± 6.0 ng/ml for the IM route. The values for area under concentration–time curve were 137.1 ± 35.9 ng day/ml for the group treated orally, and 303.2 ± 4.3 ng day/ml for the IM treated group. The mean plasma residence times were 4.2 ± 0.4 and 8.9 ± 0.7 days for oral and IM‐treated groups, respectively. The results of this study show that the route of administration considerably affects the disposition of IVM. A significant difference in bioavailabilty and half‐life of elimination of IVM was observed after IM administration compared with oral administration. A close relationship between pharmacokinetic profiles and the clinical efficacy of IVM was established.
Concept and Realization of a Multimedia Program for Veterinary Physiology
Authors: Haschke G. , Diener M. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryA multimedia program, a non‐linear system which supplements the traditional, linear way of learning (e.g. with a text book), was developed. Non‐linear systems allow the direct use of information in a free sequence. A problem of these systems is the danger that the reader becomes lost in detail. Therefore, a program was constructed which tries to combine the properties of linear and non‐linear teaching systems. Student groups were continuously involved during all stages of the project.The program is organized in several levels. These are: (1) choice of chapters; (2) table of contents of one chapter; (3) summary; (4) text and (5) pictures, animations, simulations and video sequences.The program can be used in different ways. In the linear mode, the reader selects via action words different levels of the program. The user can read either only on the level of the summaries or on detailed information (text, pictures, simulations and videos). In the non‐linear mode the user jumps via menu items or buttons to selected pictures, simulations or a searched term. In this way, more than 3500 screen pages are integrated into a multimedia program for veterinary physiology. The program is written in toolbook®, and can be used on a personal computer with Windows 95® or higher.
Blood Type A and B Frequencies in Turkish Van and Angora Cats in Turkey
Authors: Arikan S¸. , Duru S. Y. , Gurkan M. , Agaoglu Z. T. , Giger U. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryBlood typing of domestic cats has been performed in domestic and purebred cats in various parts of the world and is important in clinical practice in order to prevent neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) and acute haemolytic transfusion reactions. Prevalence of blood types vary greatly between breeds of cats. Turkish Van and Angora cats are different breeds that originated in geographically distinct regions of Turkey. The present survey determined the frequency of blood types in these Turkish pedigreed cats in Turkey. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic‐acid anti‐coagulated blood of a total of 113 Turkish Van and Angora cats were examined for blood typing using a slide and tube agglutination assay. Of the 85 Van cats surveyed, 40% had type A, and 60% had type B blood. Of the 28 Turkish Angora cats, 53.6% had type A, and 46.4% had type B blood. No type AB cats were found between both breeds. There was no significant association between blood types and gender of both Angora and Van cats or eye colours of Van cats (P > 0.05). Although these are limited surveys, the overall prevalence of type B cats in these two breeds was very high compared with the results of previous studies worldwide. It appears likely that blood type incompatibilities responsible for feline NI and transfusion reactions are occurring in these breeds. The risk of transfusion incompatibility in Turkish Angora and Van cats was 46.4 and 60%, respectively. It is therefore strongly recommended to breeders and clinicians that blood typing be performed prior to breeding and transfusing cats.
Effects of Hyperosmolar Ionic and Low Osmolar Non‐ionic Contrast Media on Coagulation Times and Some Blood Parameters in Dogs: anIn VivoStudy
Authors: Izci̇ C. , Ogurtan Z. , Ceylan C. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolar ionic contrast media (CM) (diatzioate) and low osmolar non‐ionic CM (iohexol and ioxilan) on coagulation time and some blood parameters in dogsin vivo. The animals were divided into three groups in equal numbers. The dogs in groups I, II and III received diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxilan at the dose of 700 mgI/kg intravenously (IV) as a bolus, respectively. Administration of contrast media and blood samples were collected from vena cephalica antebrachii prior to CM administration and thereafter at 3, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min and 24 h to measure the coagulation factors [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothorombin time (PT), fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products] and some other blood parameters [red blood cells, platelet, white blood cells, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb)]. While a statistically significant decrease was observed on APTT at 15 min in group III, no significant differences were found in groups I and II. All the groups had insignificant alterations for PT, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product, following CM administration. Significant decreases were observed for platelet at 3 min in all groups. This decrease was also significant at 15‐ and 30‐ min intervals in group I. There were significant decreases for erythrocytes, Ht and Hb measurements within 30 min, and no significant alterations were observed for leucocytes within 60 min in all groups compared with baseline values. No differences were observed with regard to coagulation times and some blood parameters as far as long‐lasting and major effects of each CM are concerned.
Response of Dogs to Short‐term Infusions of Carbohydrate‐ or Lipid‐based Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Zentek J. , Stephan I. , Kramer S. , Görig C. , Blum J. W. , Mischke R. , Nolte I. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryParenteral nutrition (PN) is used to support intensive care patients. The risk for adverse metabolic effects depends on the composition of infused solutions and the duration of application. The present study in dogs compares metabolic and endocrine effects of two infusion solutions, with either triglycerides or glucose being the major energy sources, administered in a comparatively short infusion period (10 h/day). PN was administered for 9 days to two groups of five adult dogs to meet energy maintenance requirements. In group PN‐LIP 61% of the total energy was derived from lipids and 22% from carbohydrates, compared with 21 and 62% in group PN‐GLUC. Among routine haematology and clinical chemistry the plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), glucagon, 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine and thyroxin were measured in non‐infused dogs and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the start of infusion at days 2 and 8 of the study. Infusions protocols did not cause gross metabolic aberrations. During the actual infusions glucose, triglyceride and insulin concentrations were elevated, each depending on the infusion solution. Concentrations of IGF‐I, glucagon, 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine, thyroxin and cortisol did not change significantly. In conclusion short infusion periods of 10 h per day were tolerated by healthy dogs without adverse signs, which could improve practicability of PN also in clinical cases.
Comparison of the Techniques of Evaluation of Urine Dilution/Concentration in the Dog
Authors: Dossin O. , Germain C. , Braun J. P. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the measurement of dog urine dilution/concentration by comparing osmolality with three methods of specific gravity (USG) measurement, i.e. weighing, refractometry and test strips. In unselected urine samples from 182 dogs there was a better agreement between osmolality and USG determination by refractometry (r = 0.92) than by weighing (r = 0.82) or by test strips (r = 0.27). There was an almost linear relationship between osmolality and USG:osmolality (mOsm/kg) = 36646(34318/38974) × (USGref − 1) + 25(−39/88); calculated osmolality differed from measured osmolality by more than 500 mOsm/kg in only 8 of 181 samples. There was a good agreement between USG determination by weighing and refractometry: USGref = 1.000(0.905/1.095) ×USGweighing − 0.0004(−0.0019/0.0027), with a moderate bias. Only 12% of the differences between the two methods exceeded 0.010. Test strip assessment of USG was unreliable because of systematic underestimation and should not be used for dog urine. Refractometry is the best technique for routine evaluation of urine concentration/dilution when osmometry is not available.
Analysis of ELA‐DQB Exon 2 Polymorphism in Argentine Creole Horses by PCR‐RFLP and PCR‐SSCP
Authors: Villegas‐Castagnasso E. E. , Díaz S. , Giovambattista G. , Dulout F. N. , Peral‐García P. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe second exon of equine leucocyte antigen (ELA)‐DQB genes was amplified from genomic DNA of 32 Argentine Creole horses by PCR. Amplified DNA was analysed by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The PCR‐RFLP analysis revealed two HaeIII patterns, four RsaI patterns, five MspI patterns and two HinfI patterns. EcoRI showed no variation in the analysed sample. Additional patterns that did not account for known exon 2 DNA sequences were observed, suggesting the existence of novel ELA‐DQB alleles. PCR‐SSCP analysis exhibited seven different band patterns, and the number of bands per animal ranged from four to nine. Both methods indicated that at least two DQB genes are present. The presence of more than two alleles in each animal showed that the primers employed in this work are not specific for a unique DQB locus. The improvement of this PCR‐RFLP method should provide a simple and rapid technique for an accurate definition of ELA‐DQB typing in horses.
Fibrosarcomas at Presumed Sites of Injection in Dogs: Characteristics and Comparison with Non‐vaccination Site Fibrosarcomas and Feline Post‐vaccinal Fibrosarcomas
Authors: Vascellari M. , Melchiotti E. , Bozza M. A. , Mutinelli F. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryFifteen fibrosarcomas, surgically excised from presumed sites of injection in dogs, and 10 canine fibrosarcomas excised from sites not used for injection were histologically and immunohistochemically compared with 20 feline post‐vaccinal fibrosarcomas. Canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites were of grade I (3), of grade II (4) and grade III (8). Two fibrosarcomas from non‐injection sites were of grade I, four of grade II and four of grade III. Feline samples were classified as grade I (2), grade II (4) and grade III (14). All fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites of both species showed lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration located at the tumour periphery, while two canine fibrosarcomas from non‐injection sites showed perivascular inflammatory infiltration within the neoplasm. All samples were immunohistochemically examined for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin and desmin expression. All tumours were positive for vimentin. Ten canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and all feline samples contained cells consistent with a myofibroblastic immunophenotype. Aluminium deposits were detected in eight canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and 11 feline post‐vaccinal fibrosarcomas by the aurintricarboxylic acid method. The present study identifies distinct similarities between canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and feline post‐vaccinal fibrosarcomas, suggesting the possibility of the development of post‐injection sarcomas not only in cats, but also in dogs.
Degenerative Myelopathy Associated with Cobalamin Deficiency in a Cat
Authors: Salvadori C. , Cantile C. , De Ambrogi G. , Arispici M. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryA severe myelopathy was observed in a 9‐year‐old neutered male cat with a clinical history of chronic pancreatitis associated with deficiency of serum cobalamin and folates concentrations, and progressive spinal ataxia. The spinal cord lesions mainly involved the dorsal columns of the caudal cervical and cervico‐thoracic segments, and were characterized by diffuse vacuolated myelin sheaths and axonal degeneration, marked gliosis, fibrosis and presence of gitter cells. The pancreas showed severe atrophy of the exocrine tissue, periductular fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, consistent with chronic interstitial pancreatitis. This condition can be accountable for cobalamin deficiency, as the pancreas is the only source of intrinsic factor in cats. The spinal cord lesions in the cat of this report resembled the subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord described in human beings with cobalamin deficiency and hence a similar pathogenetic mechanism is hypothesized.
Effects of Inter‐ and Intra‐Observer Variability on Echocardiographic Measurements in Awake Cats
Authors: Chetboul V. , Concordet D. , Pouchelon J. L. , Athanassiadis N. , Muller C. , Benigni L. , Munari A. C. , Lefebvre H. P. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine intra‐ and inter‐observer variability of echocardiographic measurements in awake cats. Four observers with different levels of experience in echocardiography performed 96 echocardiographic examinations in four cats on four different days over a 3‐week period. The examinations were randomized and blinded. The maximum within‐day and between‐day CV values were 17.4 and 18.5% for inter‐ventricular septal thickness in diastole, 18.7 and 22.6% for left ventricular free‐wall thickness in diastole, 9.8 and 14.9% for left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, 20.8 and 15.2% for left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, and 21.2 and 18.4% for left ventricular shortening fraction. The maximum within‐day CV values were most often associated with the least competent observer (i.e. the graduate student) and, the minimum CV values with the most competent observer (i.e. the associate professor in cardiology). A significant interaction between cat and observer was also evidenced. Thus, the most competent observer could not be replaced by any of the other observers.
Effects of preweaning doxazosin treatment on adult pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Boesen Erika I , Lewis Tamara V , Kett Michelle M , Anderson Warwick P 
Published: July 2003

Summary1. The neonatal/preweaning period appears to represent a critical period of involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).2. We tested whether α1‐adrenoceptor‐mediated effects during the preweaning period are involved in the development of hypertension in the adult SHR.3. Male SHR were treated with the α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin (10 mg/kg per day, s.c.) from postnatal day 1 to 21 inclusive. Direct conscious blood pressure and heart rate were measured via the caudal artery at 12 weeks of age.4. Preweaning treatment with doxazosin had no significant effect on mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate in male SHR at 12 weeks of age.5. These findings do not support the involvement of α1‐adrenoceptor‐mediated effects during the preweaning period in the development of hypertension in adult SHR.
Hypocholesterolaemic effects of an ethanol precipitate of Kabosu juice in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a cholesterol‐free diet
Authors: Ogawa Hiroshi , Mochizuki Satoshi 
Published: July 2003

Summary1. We have previously identified strong inhibitory effects of Kabosu (Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort.) juice precipitate (KJP) on cholesterol elevation in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) fed a cholesterol diet. In the present study, to elucidate the hypocholesterolaemic mechanism, we examined the effect of dietary KJP on lipid metabolism by using SHRSP fed a cholesterol‐free diet.2. Compositions of the experimental diet containing 10% KJP powder were adjusted to those of the control diet. Seven‐week‐old male SHRSP were fed control or experimental diet for 2 weeks with free access to the diet and water.3. Serum levels of cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride of the KJP group were significantly reduced, which was due to decreases in the very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions.4. Serum concentrations of apolipoproteins A‐I and E (apoA‐I and E) of the KJP group were significantly lower than those of the control group, whereas no significant differences were observed in serum apoB and apoA‐IV between the two groups.5. In liver, there were no significant differences in the contents of lipids or relative liver weight between the two groups. The activity of microsomal cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase of the KJP group tended to increase, whereas that of microsomal acyl‐coenzyme A : cholesterol acyltransferase was significantly reduced, compared with the control group.6. These results indicate that dietary KJP produces reductions of serum lipid levels, which are due to reductions in VLDL, apoE HDL and apoA‐I HDL, and may promote catabolism and excretion of hepatic cholesterol in SHRSP fed a cholesterol‐free diet.
Protective effect of coadministered superoxide dismutase and catalase against stress‐induced gastric muocsal lesions
Authors: Ohta Yoshiji , Nishida Keiji 
Published: July 2003

Summary1. There are conflicting reports as to the protective effect of coadministered native superoxide dismuatase (SOD) and catalase against gastric mucosal lesions in rats with water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. It is unclear how coadministered native SOD and catalase protect against WIR stress‐induced gastric mucosal lesions. Therefore, in the present study, we re‐examined the protective effect of coadministered native SOD and catalase against gastric mucosal lesions in rats with WIR stress.2. Gastric mucosal lesions were induced in Wistar rats by 3 h WIR. Rats were injected subcutaneously with a mixture of purified bovine erythrocyte SOD and bovine liver catalase 1 h before the onset of WIR. Ulcer index, serum SOD, catalase and xanthine oxidase (XO), uric acid and gastric mucosal SOD, catalase, XO, myeloperoxidase (MPO; an index of tissue neutrophil infiltration), non‐protein sulfhydryl (NP‐SH) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS; an index of lipid peroxidation) were assayed in all rats used.3. Rats with 3 h WIR showed gastric mucosal lesions. Pre‐administration of SOD plus catalase to rats with WIR prevented lesion formation. In the serum of rats with WIR alone, XO activity and uric acid concentration increased, whereas SOD and catalase activities did not change. Pre‐administration of SOD plus catalase to rats with WIR did not affect increased serum XO activity and uric acid concentration, but did increase serum SOD and catalase activities. In the gastric mucosa of rats with WIR alone, increases in MPO activity and TBARS concentration and a decrease in NP‐SH concentration occurred, whereas XO, SOD and catalase activities did not change. Pre‐administration of SOD plus catalase to rats with WIR attenuated the changes in gastric mucosal MPO activity and TBARS and NP‐SH concentrations, but did not affect gastric mucosal XO, SOD and catalase activities. Pre‐administration of SOD plus catalase (in an inactivated form) to rats with WIR had no effect on gastric mucosal lesion formation and the levels of serum and gastric mucosal parameters studied.4. These results indicate that coadministered native SOD and catalase protect against gastric mucosal lesions in rats with WIR stress and suggest that this protective effect of coadministered native SOD and catalase could be due to their activity to scavenge XO‐derived active oxygen species that are increased in the blood.
Biochemical and morphological characterization of spontaneously hypertensive hyperlipidaemic rats
Authors: Kumai Toshio , Oonuma Shigeko , Kitaoka Yasushi , Tadokoro Mamoru , Kobayashi Shinichi 
Published: July 2003

Summary1. To develop and characterize a new animal model of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, we cross‐bred spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with spontaneously hyperlipidaemic rats (HLR).2. A new strain of spontaneously hypertensive hyperlipidaemic rats (SHHR) was established at generation 10 through selective mating of brothers and sisters (systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg, plasma cholesterol > 150 mg/dL). Cross‐bred Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats (SDWKY rats) were used as a control.3. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in the plasma and adrenal medulla of male SHHR were significantly higher than those of male SDWKY rats. The tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the adrenal medulla of male SHHR was significantly higher than that of male SDWKY rats. Low‐density lipoprotein expression was found in the plasma of male and female SHHR and HLR. Cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase mRNA expression in the liver of male SHHR was lower than that of male SDWKY rats. Endothelium lesions and lipid deposition under the endothelium were observed in the aorta of 24‐month‐old SHHR, especially female SHHR, but not in age‐matched HLR and SDWKY rats.4. The hypertension of this new animal model of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia may be related to increased catecholamine activity and the hyperlipidaemia may be related to changes in the expression of cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase mRNA and lipoprotein profiles. The SHHR may be valuable in the study of mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the evaluation of anti‐atherosclerosis drugs as a new strain of cardiovascular disease.