bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of tonsil presented with axillary lymph node metastasis: Management dilemma
Authors: Kamarudin Zalikha , Jamaluddin Nadia , Latar Nani Harlina Md , Pauzi Suria Hayati Md , Muhammad Rohaizak 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the tonsil is rare and has a poor prognosis. The usual presentation is a neck mass with locoregional cervical lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymphadenopathy as a primary presentation of NEC of the tonsils is uncommon and challenging to treat. Tonsil neuroendocrine tumors display aggressive behaviors associated with early recurrence and metastasis after surgical resection. Managing this condition is demanding compared to NECs of gastrointestinal origin since, to date, the management of head-and-neck neuroendocrine tumors is still not well established. We present a 49-year-old female with a rare case of NEC of the tonsil presenting primarily with axillary lymph nodes metastasis. The patient’s axillary lymph node was biopsied and revealed a Grade III neuroendocrine tumor. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan was done in searching of a primary lesion and showed a highly metabolic mass of the left tonsil as well as a left axillary lymph node suggestive of metastasis. The patient has been managed with a multimodality approach, with a combination of chemotherapy regimen and surgical resection of the axillary lymph node. Subsequent PET scan evaluation showed a complete response of the primary tumor with residual left axillary lymph node metastasis. NECs of tonsil presented with axillary lymph nodes metastasis is rare and has a poor prognostic outcome. It poses a dilemma with regard to management, as surgical resection of the metastasis is not promising given the possibility of early recurrence.
Primary breast rhabdomyosarcoma in a 17-year-old girl
Authors: Singotia Laxmi , Haritha V.S. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of breast is a very rare malignancy usually affecting adolescent girls with a poor prognosis and no definitive treatment established. Here, we report a case of a 17-year-old girl who presented to us operated for a right breast mass with histopathology suggestive of RMS. She had undergone wide local excision with nipple-areola complex along with axillary node dissection for positive nodes. Immunohistochemistry was done which showed tumor cells which were positive for desmin and myogenin and were negative for leukocyte common antigen, cluster of differentiation 34 (CD-34), and AE1/AE3 which confirmed the diagnosis of RMS. She was planned for adjuvant chemotherapy but refused taking treatment. Two months later, she presented with local site recurrence for which re-excision was done, and she was started on adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide regimen after metastatic workup. She then received radiation treatment following which she is at present under follow-up with no signs of disease until now.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and sarcoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zengin Burak Alper , Bahçecioğlu Adile Begüm , Erdoğan Murat Faik 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and bone sarcoma is debatable, especially after wider use of teriparatide treatment, concerns have intensified on the issue. Extensive search in English literature revealed 10 cases reported having PHPT and sarcomas. Besides, three cases of bone sarcoma occurring after teriparatide treatment had been reported. Hereby, we report a 51-year-old woman with a prolonged history of PHPT. She was diagnosed with chondrosarcoma 9 years after refusal and lack of treatment for PHPT. She was cured surgically for both chondrosarcoma and parathyroid adenoma at 1-year interval. So far, large cohorts did not show an increase in the incidence of bone sarcomas in PHPT. Several case observations, including the current one, as well as data from in vitro and rat studies, pointed out prolonged parathormone exposure, may be a risk for bone sarcomas. Under these circumstances, a safer attitude on individual basis would be the prevention of prolonged parathormone exposures.
Perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in women with breast cancer: CIBC study
Authors: Vafaei Zamaneh , Najafian Jamshid , Shekarchizadeh Masood , Mohammadifard Noushin , Mostafavi Samaneh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Darakhshandeh Ali , Khosravifarsani Mohammadreza , Ashraf Farzaneh , Sharif Mehran , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy , Hassannejad Razieh , Maracy Mohammad Reza , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Many breast cancer (BC) patients experience psychological reactions and may have psychiatric morbidities, especially anxiety and depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate perceived stress and factors affecting this stress in women with BC in Isfahan.

Material and Methods:
This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 197 females with BC who were newly diagnosed and referred to Isfahan Cardio-Oncology Clinic. Stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale Standard questionnaire. Generalized linear models (GLMs) with gamma distribution and Log Link Function were used for data analyzing.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 48.9 ± 10.9 years, and mean perceived stress in patients was 42.8 ± 16.5. The GLMs with Gamma distribution and Log Link Function showed interaction between anxiety and surgical type and also between depression and surgical type. Patients perceived stress with anxiety*nonsurgery were significantly 2.5% higher than normal anxiety and none surgery (P = 0.004), and patients with depression*lumpectomy had significantly 2% higher stress score compared to normal depression and nonsurgery (P =0.003).

Conclusions:
Early detection of anxiety and depression can contribute to managing the stress. Coordination between psychologists and oncologists in care and treatment of these patients is important for pursuing treatment and following the recommendations of doctors and ultimately affect the morbidity and survival in BC patients.
Osteosarcoma of the jaw: Primary versus secondary - A report of two cases
Authors: Ahuja Manisha , Mandal Shramana , Mallya Varuna , Khurana Nita , Meher Ravi , Singh Kishore 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone excluding hematological malignancies. Most common sites of tumor are long bones of extremities. OS of the jaw are extremely rare with mandible being more commonly after than maxilla. Hereby, we present two cases of OS of jaw with one patient being male and other female.
The effect of lower urinary tract substructure doses on side effects of cervical cancer image-guided adaptive brachytherapy
Authors: Azak Can , Kavak Gizem , Ertan Ferihan , Alioğlu Fatma , Akkaş Ebru Atasever , Göksel Fatih , Karakaya Ebru 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy (IGABT) provides a survival advantage in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Although side effects are seen less with this technique, dose parameters that cause urinary side effects are still questionable. We aim to investigate whether the radiotherapy doses of the lower urinary tract substructures (LUSS) affect the urinary system side effects (USSE) of cervical cancer external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and the IGABT.

Methods:
LUSS (bladder, trigone, bladder neck, and urethra) doses were calculated in 40 patients diagnosed with LACC and receiving primary EBRT, IGABT, and concomitant chemotherapy. D0.1cc, D2cc, and D50% values were examined by contouring the bladder, trigone, bladder neck, and urethra from the intracavitary BT planning computed tomography (CT) images taken every 4 BT fractions, retrospectively. Besides, late USSE (urgency, dysuria (recurrent), frequency, obstruction, incontinence, hematuria, fistula, cystitis) were queried and categorized according to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:
For the whole study population, for both incontinence and dysuria, trigone (D50%), urethra (D50%, D0.1cc,), and bladder neck (D50%, D0.1cc, D2cc) volume and hot spot doses remained significant. For cystitis, urethra (D50%, D0.1cc,) and bladder neck doses (D0.1cc, D50%, D2cc) are worth investigating.

Conclusions:
Although USSE is less common in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy and IGABT era, it may be meaningful to take the doses of LUSS into account when planning IGABT. In addition, delineation of LUSS using only CT seems feasible. More proof is needed to determine delineation technique and dose constraints for LUSS for IGABT.
Prognostic value of lymph node features in patients diagnosed with stage IIIC endometrial adenocancer
Authors: Gülseren Varol , Çakır İlker , Özdemir İsa Aykut , Gökçü Mehmet , Sancı Muzaffer , Görgülü Gökşen , Kuru Oğuzhan , Dağgez Mine , Güngördük Kemal 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Our study investigated the lymph node (LN) features most affecting survival in endometrial adenocancer (EAC) patients with LN involvement.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was based on a review of the records of patients diagnosed with EAC, who underwent hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at the gynecologic oncology clinics of three centers between January 2009 and January 2019.

Results:
A total of 120 stage IIIC endometrioid-type EAC patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into small (<10 mm) and large (≥10 mm) groups according to the size of the largest metastatic LN. Patients were divided into single and multiple metastasis groups according to the number of metastatic LNs. The patients were divided into pelvic and paraaortic groups according to the location of the metastatic LNs. The effects of prognostic factors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Large-sized metastatic LNs were an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.–26.2; P = 0.035) and OS (HR = 9.0, 95% CI: 1.1–68.0; P = 0.033). The number (P = 0.093 for DFS, P = 0.911 for OS) and location (P = 0.217 for DFS, P = 0.124 for OS) of metastatic LNs were not independent prognostic factors for DFS or OS.

Conclusions:
Large-sized metastatic LNs were an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage IIIC EAC. Larger prospective studies including similar patient populations are required to verify these findings.
Induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by thymol through ROS generation and caspase-9/-3 activation in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen , Kunnathodi Faisal , Islam Mozaffarul 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cancer is a major malignancy and one of the leading causes of death; it calls for a proactive strategy for the cure. Herbs are reservoirs of novel chemical entities and their phytochemical exploration has contributed considerably to the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Thymol, a natural phenolic monoterpenoid, has been implicated with many medicinal properties, including anticancer ones. However, the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing ability of thymol on MDA-MB-231 and HCT-8 cell lines has not been studied yet in detail, and hence this study was conceived.

Materials and Methods:
We studied the cytotoxicity, morphological alterations of the cell, oxidative stress, cell cycle modulation, apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-related proteins that ensued due to thymol treatment in these cancer cells.

Results:
Thymol inhibited the cell proliferation, altered the morphology of the cells, increased the intracellular ROS level, arrested the cells in G0/G1 phase, induced apoptosis, upregulated pro-apoptotic protein p53 expression, downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL expression, and activated caspase-9 and -3.

Conclusion:
These findings elucidate that thymol induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, in MDA-MB-231 breast and HCT-8 colorectal cancer cells through ROS generation and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. This reiterates the broad-spectrum anti-tumor potential of thymol and provides an insight to study further to be developed into an anticancer drug.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome in adolescents and young patients of rectal cancer attending a tertiary cancer center
Authors: Mishra Ritusha , Pandey Ankita , Mishra Himanshu , Singh Tej B. , Mandal Abhijit , Asthana Anupam K. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults is on an increasing trend. It is observed that this subgroup of patients has an aggressive disease and carries a poorer prognosis compared to its older counterpart. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, treatment outcome, and prognostic factors in adolescents and young adults with rectal cancer attending a tertiary cancer center in North India.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients of histologically proven rectal cancer, aged up to 30 years, treated at our center between 2015 and 2019. The clinical, demographic, and pathological parameters were studied in all these patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to find out survival. Univariate analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors.

Results:
The incidence was 26.4% at our center with a median age of 28 years. Bleeding per rectum was the commonest complaint. Most of them had signet ring cell histology (26%). The median overall survival was 16 months. Survival was significantly better in patients having bleeding per rectum as an initial complaint (P = 0.009), absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P = 0.005), and perineural invasion (PNI) (P = 0.002), who received complete planned treatment compared to patients who could not receive either of the modality (P < 0.001). Patients who did not receive radiotherapy (RT) had the worst outcomes compared to those who received RT in any form. RT dose of 50.4 Gy was found to be superior as compared to other schedules. There was no significant difference in survival with gender, tumor stage, grade, type of surgery, or chemotherapy regimen.

Conclusion:
The majority of patients presented in an advanced stage. Therefore, bleeding per rectum should be properly and timely investigated in all these young patients. Early detection and complete treatment are paramount to improving the outcome.
Association between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status in head and neck cancer patients attending rural tertiary health care center
Authors: Patidar Kushal , Waghmare Chaitali M. , Pawar Hemant J. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To study the association between depressive symptoms and socio-economic status (SES) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

Materials and Methods:
Histopathology-proven non-metastatic and non-recurrent HNC patients attending radiation oncology services in February and June 2021 who consented to the study were evaluated with an interview. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and modified BG Prasad classification were used to assess depressive symptoms and SES, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using SYSTAT version 12 (by Crane’s software, Bangalore).

Results:
The study cohort comprised 100 patients. The median age was 55 years (minimum: 28, maximum: 86) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.57:1. The majority of patients were educated beyond middle-school level (44%), of middle SES (47%), oral cavity subsite (68%), stage IVA (36%) disease, and were on treatment (79%). HDRS scores showed absent, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms in 21, 63, and 16 patients, respectively, that is, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 79%. Lower socioeconomic strata showed a significantly higher prevalence of severe depressive symptoms (P-value = 0.01). HDRS score was significantly higher in females (P-value = 0.024) and in patients who were illiterate or were educated less than middle-school level (P-value = 0.010). No statistically significant difference was found between HDRS score and age of patient, stage and site of disease, and on treatment or follow-up status.

Conclusion:
Depressive symptoms are common in patients with head and neck cancer. Low socioeconomic status (SES), female gender, and education less than middle school are associated with severe depressive symptoms. Psycho-oncological and psychotherapeutic interventions are the need of the hour.
Accuracy of cytological grading in the carcinoma breast and its correlation with pathological prognostic parameters
Authors: Chauhan Devika , Sahu Nageswar , Sahoo Saroj R. , Senapati Urmila 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breast carcinoma is a significant contributor to cancer deaths worldwide. Tumor grade is an important parameter in planning out the treatment. Histology is the gold standard for grading the carcinoma breast. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is still an important first-line diagnostic procedure in many parts of the world. Grading on cytology will help in pre-operative management. Although cytological grading of the carcinoma breast is a topic of research for many years, it is not yet included as a part of routine cytology reports.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year at Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences. A total of 42 cases of carcinoma breast, diagnosed on FNAC and subsequently confirmed on histology, were included. Cytological grading was performed using Robinson’s grading system, and the results were compared with the histological grade. Also, the cytological grades were correlated with various pathological prognostic parameters such as tumor size, lymph node status, lympho-vascular invasion, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, Her-2-neu expression, and Ki-67 index. The kappa measure of agreement and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A moderate kappa measure of agreement (k = 0.415) was found between cytological and histological grades with an overall concordance rate of 66.67%. The accuracy of cytological grading was higher with increasing cytological grade. Except for estrogen receptor expression, none of the other prognostic parameters have a statistically significant correlation with cytological grade.

Conclusions:
Tumor grading on cytology can be helpful in planning treatment, especially in resource-constrained settings. Subjective variation in assessing different parameters and non-inclusion of mitosis in this system might be the reasons behind wrong grading in some cases. Inclusion of mitosis in the scoring system can improve the accuracy of cytological grading and its importance in prognosis.
Significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor regression in breast cancer: A study in a tertiary care cancer center in South India
Authors: Mishra Bagmi , Kodandapani Suseela , Challa Sundaram , Dash Sashibhusan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tumor immunology plays a significant role in predicting tumor biology and how a tumor is going to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are the easiest and by far the cheapest method of assessing tumor immunity. Many studies have suggested that TILs play an important role in tumor regression in breast cancer.

Aim:
The aim of the current study was to determine significance of TILs in tumor regression in breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with newly diagnosed and histologically proven breast cancer who were treated with both NACT and surgery in our institute were included in the study. TILs were assessed both before and after NACT, and were correlated with the relative amount of tumor regression and molecular subtypes based on the immunohistochemistry profile.

Results:
The study included 43 specimens of carcinoma breast in females. 42 cases were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma, no special type (NST), and one with lobular carcinoma. Pathological complete remission (pCR) was noted in 6 cases, partial remission (PRe) in 12 cases, and no response in 25 cases. TILs were noted before and after NACT in all cases and were correlated with other clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusion:
The present study highlights that TILs play a vital role in tumor regression and can be included in routine reporting. It can provide an insight into tumor biology.
The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone ameliorates betel-nut-induced carcinogenesis in mice by restoring normal lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Nath Moumita , Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Choudhury Yashmin 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Oral administration (2 mg mL-1) of aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN) for 24 weeks induced oncogenic alterations in the liver of female Swiss Albino mice concomitant with aberrant lipid metabolism, overactivation of Akt/mTOR signaling, and loss of apoptosis.

Aim:
This study was designed to investigate the potential of repurposing the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone for alleviating AEBN-induced carcinogenesis.

Methods:
Sera of animals were evaluated for lipid profile and free fatty acid levels. Liver tissues were investigated for oxidative stress, histopathology, and expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and oncogenesis by western blotting. Apoptosis was determined using TUNEL assay.

Results:
Coadministration of pioglitazone (10 mg kg-1 b.w) with AEBN for 8 weeks restored normal lipid profile and AMPK/ACC signaling, reduced FASN and HMGCR expressions and oxidative stress, and actively induced Akt/mTOR-mediated apoptosis in the liver.

Conclusions:
Pioglitazone can effectively alleviate AEBN-induced carcinogenesis in mice.
Quinacrine enhances the efficacy of cisplatin by increasing apoptosis and modulating cancer survival proteins in a colorectal cancer cell line
Authors: Islam Mozaffarul , Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen , Kunnathodi Faisal , Athar Md Tanwir , Tariq Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cisplatin and platinum-based compounds have been used successfully to treat various cancers. However, their use is often restricted due to the acquired resistance by cancer cells. Over-expression of p53 and inhibition of NF-kB sensitize several cancer cells towards cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Quinacrine, a cytotoxic drug with predictable safety revealed to concurrently suppress NF-kB and activate p53, which may be an attractive adjuvant in cisplatin chemotherapy. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to establish the role of quinacrine as an adjuvant in lowering the dose of cisplatin during cancer therapy to circumvent its toxic effects.

Materials and Methods:
The colon cancer (HCT-8) cells were cultured and cell survival assays were performed using standard procedures. Cell cycle arrest and the extent of apoptosis were determined using a muse cell analyzer. Cancer survival proteins were analyzed using western blotting techniques.

Results and Conclusion:
We demonstrated that concomitant use of quinacrine with cisplatin increased cell apoptosis, suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited colony formation in a colorectal cancer cell line. Moreover, cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases and upregulation of p53 expression were observed. There was also downregulation of NF-kB and Bcl-xL protein expressions, both of which are associated with enhanced cell apoptosis and an increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin, overcoming its chemoresistance. Overall, the results of the present study and available literature clearly indicate that the use of quinacrine as an adjuvant with cisplatin may enhance its anti-cancer activity and reduce chemoresistance.