bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometrial cancer—news from ASCO 2024
Authors: Petru Edgar , Schinnerl Marina , Kolovetsiou Vassiliki 
Published: January 2025

Summary
At the ASCO 2024, four clinically very important abstracts in endometrial cancer were presented. Long-term survival for primary hormonal therapy in premenopausal patients with clinical stage I disease versus primary surgery that were included in the National Cancer Database was reported. All had grade 1 or 2 endometrioid cancer and were between 18 and 49 years of age. They either received primary hysterectomy or primary hormonal therapy. In patients < 40 years, no difference in survival was found between the two groups. However, patients between 40 and 49 years of age who received primary hormonal therapy showed a significantly inferior survival compared to the hysterectomy group (10-year survival of 97% versus 79%, respectively). The SIENDO study reported the long-term follow-up of selinexor maintenance in patients with TP53 wild-type (wt) advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer who previously achieved remission following taxane–carboplatin chemotherapy. Selinexor inhibits XPO1 which is a multiclient nuclear exporter. Women received either selinexor 80 mg PO weekly or placebo. The median progression-free survival in the selinexor and the placebo group was 28 months versus 5 months, respectively (HR 0.44; p = 0.0005). Selinexor resulted in more grade ≥ 3 toxicities: 13% nausea, 3% vomiting, 4% diarrhea, 5% asthenia, 8% fatigue, 10% thrombocytopenia, 20% neutropenia, and 7% anemia. In a phase II study in mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer, combined vibostolimab and pembrolizumab resulted in complete and partial remissions in 13 and 53% of patients, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 immune-mediated adverse events included severe skin reactions, adrenal insufficiency, pneumonitis, and hypophysitis. A phase II study of fulvestrant plus abemaciclib in hormone-receptor-positive advanced endometrial cancer resulted in partial remission in 44% and stable disease in 20% of the 27 patients, respectively.
Early Upper Palaeolithic marine mollusc exploitation at Riparo Bombrini (Balzi Rossi, Italy): shellfish consumption and ornament production
Authors: Gazzo Silvia , Cristiani Emanuela , Negrino Fabio , Riel-Salvatore Julien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research explores the modes of exploitation of marine molluscs at Riparo Bombrini (Ventimiglia, north-west Italy) during the Protoaurignacian and the Early Aurignacian. Our results prove that Early Modern Humans who inhabited the rockshelter extensively exploited marine malacofauna for both dietary purposes and ornament production, offering new insights into human adaptation to coastal environments during the early phases of the Upper Palaeolithic along the Mediterranean coast. Combining taxonomy and taphonomy, we identified five main categories of shell remains within the assemblage: edible specimens, shell beads, non-worked ornamental shells, accidental introductions, and potential ornamental shells. A total of 91 perforated gastropods were recovered during the excavations of the Early Upper Palaeolithic layers. The ornament assemblage shows a certain richness in mollusc species, whose shells were collected dead from the beach. However, a preference for spherical and semi-spherical shells can be observed, highlighting the existence of trends in the selection of shell species for bead production. Use wear analysis demonstrates that some of the shell beads exhibit rounding and polishing around the rim of the perforation, implying that most of them arrived at the site as worn components, possibly forming part of more complex decorative combinations. Finally, the presence of both perforated and unperforated shells interpretable as raw material suggests that the rockshelter served as a “manufacturing site”, where shell ornaments were fabricated, discarded and replaced in new beadworks. This hypothesis is further supported by the presence of broken shell beads, interpretable as manufacturing errors or worn beads ready for replacement.
Pediatric Exposures Associated with Caffeine Energy Products Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2011–2023
Authors: Thompson Timothy R. , Hays Hannah L. , Kistamgari Sandhya , Rine Natalie I. , Zhu Motao , Xiang Henry , Smith Gary A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
This study investigated the characteristics and trends of pediatric exposures to caffeine energy products reported to US poison centers

Methods
National Poison Data System data for caffeine energy product single-substance exposures during 2011–2023 among individuals < 20 years old were analyzed.

Results
There were 32,482 caffeine energy product exposures reported to US poison centers with a 17.3% exposure rate increase during 2011–2023. Most exposures were among < 6-year-olds (69.6%), males (56.7%), or involved liquid formulations (57.5%). Most (80.7%) were not treated in a healthcare facility; however, 1.6% were medically admitted. Teenagers 13–19 years old were more likely to be medically admitted (OR = 12.74, 95% CI: 10.40–15.60) or have a serious medical outcome (OR = 18.83, 95% CI: 16.88–21.01) than children < 13 years old. Solid energy product formulations were more likely to be associated with a serious medical outcome (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.81–2.17) or medical admission (OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 4.31–6.36) than other types of formulations. During the study period, exposure rates increased for liquid (34.5%) and powder/granules (632.9%) product formulations but decreased for solids (-51.5%). Among liquid formulation subcategories, the exposure rate for beverages increased (46.5%) and that for shots decreased (-86.1%).

Conclusions
Although most pediatric exposures to caffeine energy products reported to US poison centers were associated with no or minimal clinical effects, serious medical outcomes and medical admissions occurred. The product formulations that drove the 17% increase in the exposure rate changed during the study period. Opportunities exist to reduce the adverse effects of caffeine energy products among the pediatric population.
Renormalized field theory for non-equilibrium systems
Authors: Antonov Nikolay V. , Hnatič Michal , Honkonen Juha , Kakin Polina I. , Lučivjanský Tomáš , Mižišin Lukáš 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Renormalized field theory is a most effective framework to carry out asymptotic analysis of non-equilibrium nearly critical systems, especially in high orders of perturbation theory. Here, we review some subtle, slippery and non-conventional aspects of this approach. We present construction of the field-theoretic representation of certain Langevin-type stochastic equations with additive and multiplicative random sources as well as master equations of various birth–death processes. Application of the field-theoretic renormalization group combined with the short-distance operator-product expansion to the analysis of asymptotic scaling behavior is reviewed for passive scalar fields advected by various velocity ensembles, including Kraichnan’s rapid-change model and the stochastic Navier–Stokes equation. Infinite sets of anomalous exponents were calculated within regular expansions up to third order. Effects of anisotropy, finite correlation time and compressibility are discussed. The representation of the Kolmogorov constant and the skewness factor suitable for perturbative renormalization-group calculation and the second-order results are presented in a reasonable agreement with experiments in fully developed hydrodynamic turbulence. The recent third-order results for the critical exponents for the directed percolation process are presented; paradigmatic models for irreversible reaction–diffusion processes are discussed with the account of advection in various random velocity fields.
The Critical Role of Sea Ice Products for Accurate Wind‐Wave Simulations in the Arctic
Authors: Miesse Tyler W. , Henke Martin , de Souza de Lima Andre , Ferreira Celso M. , Ravens Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Arctic region is experiencing significant changes due to climate change, and the resulting decline in sea ice concentration and extent is already impacting ocean dynamics and exacerbating coastal hazards in the region. In this context, numerical models play a crucial role in simulating the interactions between the ocean, land, sea ice, and atmosphere, thus supporting scientific studies in the region. This research aims to evaluate how different sea ice products with spatial resolutions varying from 2 to 25 km influence a phase averaged spectral wave model results in the Alaskan Arctic under storm conditions. Four events throughout the Fall to Winter seasons in 2019 were utilized to assess the accuracy of wave simulations generated under the dynamic sea ice conditions found in the Arctic. The selected sea ice products used to parameterize the numerical wave model include the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) sea ice concentration, the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re‐Analysis (ERA5), the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model‐Community Ice CodE (HYCOM‐CICE) system assimilated with Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (NCODA), and the High‐resolution Ice‐Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (HIOMAS). The Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model's accuracy in simulating waves using these sea ice products was evaluated against Sea State Daily Multisensor L3 satellite observations. Results show wave simulations using ERA5 consistently exhibited high correlation with observations, maintaining an accuracy above 0.83 to the observations across all events. Conversely, HIOMAS demonstrated the weakest performance, particularly during the Winter, with the lowest correlation of 0.40 to the observations. Remarkably, ERA5 surpassed all other products by up to 30% in accuracy during the selected storm events, and even when an ensemble was assessed by combining the selected sea ice products, ERA5's individual performance remained unmatched. Our study provides insights for selecting sea ice products under different sea ice conditions for accurately simulating waves and coastal hazards in high latitudes.
Sandy Subterranean Estuaries Minimize Groundwater Nitrogen Pollution Impacts on Coastal Waters
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Santos Isaac R. , Du Jinzhou , Xu Bochao , Tamborski Joseph J. , He Ding , Cukrov Neven , Sanders Christian J. , Liu Jianan , Zhu Peiyuan , Zhang Yan , Li Ling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWidespread anthropogenic activities pollute groundwater that eventually seeps out to the coastal ocean. Here, we resolve nutrient transformations and fluxes in 11 sandy subterranean estuaries (STEs) with contrasting nutrient sources and development trajectories. Coastal groundwater nitrogen pollution stems from sewage discharge and land use change. Anthropogenically derived groundwater nutrient fluxes with high N/P ratios (∼170) accounted for 22%–61% of riverine inputs into China's coastal waters, providing an additional source of nutrients that can fuel coastal eutrophication and algal blooms. Sandy STEs remarkably attenuated ∼84% of nitrogen pollution, minimizing the impact of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on coastal water quality. Hence, STEs deliver an overlooked ecosystem service that is particularly important in highly polluted coastal aquifers. Protecting STEs and recognizing the integrated nature of groundwater and seawater is thus important in coastal water quality management initiatives.
Comparing Estimates of Whitecap Coverage From a Spectral Wave Model With Oceanic Observations
Authors: Callaghan A. H. , Bidlot J.‐R. , de Leeuw G. , O’Dowd C. D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe fractional or percentage whitecap coverage of the ocean surface is often parameterized in terms of wind speed. Data sets of typically show order of magnitude scatter at a given wind speed value due to sea state variability. Here we compare modeled values of to measured values from the North Atlantic Ocean. The modeled is forced by the spectrally integrated whitecap dissipation source function in the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts spectral wave model, ecWAM. Without tuning, best agreement is found for mature sea states, with an average modeled to measured ratio of 0.87. This ratio approaches unity with the introduction of a dissipation rate threshold value and an explicit wave‐age dependence. The study suggests that accurate estimates of can be routinely produced by ecWAM and opens new opportunities to model bubble‐mediated fluxes of and sea spray aerosol with ecWAM.
Particle‐Trapping Injection Flux Tubes in Saturn's Magnetosphere and High‐Band Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves Therein
Authors: Yin Ze‐Fan , Ren Zi‐Shuo , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Sun Yi‐Xin , Ye Sheng‐Yi , Duanmu Xin‐Ya , Hu Ze‐Jun , Blanc Michel , Hao Yi‐Xin , Roussos Elias , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu‐Gang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInjection flux tubes, characterized by localized equatorial magnetic field enhancements and concomitant hot plasma populations, contribute to Saturn's magnetospheric convection cycle by transporting magnetic flux radially inward. The sharp magnetic gradients at the flux‐tube edges have been demonstrated to enable the trapping of equatorially mirroring particles, leading to their energy‐dispersionless signatures in spacecraft observations. Here, we present a statistical distinction between flux tubes with and without particle‐trapping features in the electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave properties. The particle‐trapping flux tubes carry stronger ECH waves in the high‐harmonic bands, whereas the other category is usually accompanied only by fundamental‐mode waves. This distinction is largely attributed to the higher content of energetic electrons within the particle‐trapping flux tubes. These results improve our understanding of the association between injection flux tubes and the high‐band ECH waves therein, suggesting a unique role of particle‐trapping flux tubes in Saturnian magnetospheric dynamics.
Passive Remote Sensing of Marine Liquid Cloud Geometric Thickness Using the O2–O2 Band: First Results From TROPOMI
Authors: Wang Wenwu , Shi Chong , Xu Jian , Yin Shuai , Shang Huazhe , Wang Yutong , Tang Chenqian , Yao Ruijie , Shi Guangyu , Letu Husi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObservations on cloud geometric thickness are crucial for understanding the radiative balance and aerosol indirect radiative effects, and currently, cloud geometric thickness retrieval studies for passive instruments remain constrained due to the lack of the understanding of the incident radiation penetrability. In this work, we firstly analyze the relationship between the cloud droplets distribution and the incident radiation penetrability based on physical model, and then fully utilize the advantages of hyperspectral O4 measurements to build a physically based machine learning model to retrieve the cloud geometric thickness. The algorithm retrieves cloud geometric thickness from TROPOMI observations for the first time, and the retrievals are compared with the cloud geometric thickness from active observations. It is found that the mean absolute error of the retrievals using 2B‐CLDPROF‐LIDAR cloud‐top height as input is 0.49 km, which shows the potential of O4 band to retrieve cloud geometric thickness.
Machine Guided Derivation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Strength
Authors: Wu Qi‐Fan , Jochum Markus , Avery James E. , Vettoretti Guido , Nuterman Roman 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA machine learning based methodology is developed to determine the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Neural networks capture relationships between various climate variables and AMOC. We then identify which of the various are the most important to control the AMOC, and then perform symbolic regression to transform complex interactions into a simple closed‐form approximation. A sensitivity analysis for this equation reveals that surface freshwater flux and potential density at 200 m depth are the main controls of the AMOC.
The Influence of Natural, Anthropogenic, and Wildfire Sources on Iron and Zinc Aerosols Delivered to the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Bunnell Z. B. , Sieber M. , Hamilton D. S. , Marsay C. M. , Buck C. S. , Landing W. M. , John S. G. , Conway T. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAtmospheric deposition is an important source of iron (Fe) and perhaps zinc (Zn) to the oceans. We present total and water‐soluble aerosol Fe and Zn isotopic compositions, size‐fractionated aerosol Fe isotopic compositions, and aerosol enrichment factors from the North Pacific GEOTRACES GP15 section (Alaska‐Tahiti) during the low dust season. We found distinct bulk aerosol provinces along this latitudinal transect: Asian aerosols (especially crustal dust) dominate at higher latitudes (52–32°N) while North American heavier‐than‐crustal wildfire aerosols dominate in Equatorial Pacific deployments (20°N to 20°S). Soluble aerosol Fe was isotopically lighter‐than‐crustal along the full transect, strongly indicative of a pervasive anthropogenic Fe contribution to the Pacific. Comparison to a global aerosol deposition model corroborates that an isotopically heavy endmember is required for wildfire Fe, attributed to pyroconvective entrainment of soil particles. For Zn, the entire GP15 section is dominated by non‐crustal anthropogenic sources, reflected by light isotopic compositions (bulk: −0.12 ± 0.08‰ and soluble: −0.17 ± 0.14‰).
Topological linking determines elasticity in limited valence networks
Authors: Palombo Giorgia , Weir Simon , Michieletto Davide , Gutiérrez Fosado Yair Augusto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the microscopic structure and topology of a material and its macroscopic properties is a fundamental challenge across a wide range of systems. Here we investigate the viscoelasticity of DNA nanostar hydrogels—a model system for physical networks with limited valence—by coupling rheology measurements, confocal imaging and molecular dynamics simulations. We discover that these networks display a large degree of interpenetration and that loops within the network are topologically linked, forming a percolating network-within-network structure. Below the overlapping concentration, the fraction of branching points and the pore size determine the high-frequency elasticity of these physical gels. At higher concentrations, we discover that this elastic response is dictated by the abundance of topological links between looped motifs in the gel. Our findings highlight the emergence of ‘topological elasticity’ as a previously overlooked mechanism in generic network-forming liquids and gels and inform the design of topologically controllable material behaviours.
Long-term maintenance of patient-specific characteristics in tumoroids from six cancer indications
Authors: Paul Colin D. , Yankaskas Chris , Shahi Thakuri Pradip , Balhouse Brittany , Salen Shyanne , Bullock Amber , Beam Sylvia , Chatman Anthony , Djikeng Sybelle , Yang Xiaoyu Jenny , Wong Garrett , Dey Isha , Holmes Spencer , Dockey Abigail , Bailey-Steinitz Lindsay , Zheng Lina , Li Weizhong , Chandra Vivek , Nguyen Jakhan , Sharp Jason , Willems Erik , Kennedy Mark , Dallas Matthew R. , Kuninger David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tumoroids, sometimes referred to as cancer organoids, are patient-derived cancer cells grown as 3D, self-organized multicellular structures that maintain key characteristics (e.g., genotype, gene expression levels) of the tumor from which they originated. These models have emerged as valuable tools for studying tumor biology, cytotoxicity, and response of patient-derived cells to cancer therapies. However, the establishment and maintenance of tumoroids has historically been challenging, labor intensive, and highly variable from lab to lab, hindering their widespread use. Here, we characterize the establishment and/or expansion of colorectal, lung, head and neck, breast, pancreas, and endometrial tumoroids using the standardized, serum-free Gibco OncoPro Tumoroid Culture Medium. Newly derived tumoroid lines (n = 20) were analyzed by targeted genomic profiling and RNA sequencing and were representative of tumor tissue samples. Tumoroid lines were stable for over 250 days in culture and freeze-thaw competent. Previously established tumoroid lines were also transitioned to OncoPro medium and exhibited, on average, similar growth rates and conserved donor-specific characteristics when compared to original media systems. Additionally, OncoPro medium was compatible with both embedded culture in extracellular matrix and growth in a suspension format for facile culture and scale up. An example application of these models for assessing the cytotoxicity of a natural killer cell line and primary natural killer cells over time and at various doses demonstrated the compatibility of these models with assays used in compound and cell therapy development. We anticipate that the standardization and versatility of this approach will have important benefits for basic cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine and help make tumoroid models more accessible to the cancer research community.
An ISAR target motion estimation algorithm based on a differential semblance criterion
Authors: Huxley D. P. , Watson F. M. , Lionheart W. R. B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is a vital radar imaging technique that leverages the relative motion between the radar and the target to generate high‐resolution images. Traditional ISAR methods; however, are highly sensitive to inaccuracies in estimating rotational parameters, roll, pitch, and yaw, leading to image degradation. This article proposes a novel Differential Semblance Optimization (DSO) criterion for imaging dynamically rotating targets in a multistatic ISAR configuration. Unlike the Intensity Criterion (IC), which requires a precise initial parameter range, DSO enables broader exploration of value ranges, offering greater flexibility. Although the experiments focus on yaw rotation, the method is versatile and extendable to other rotational parameters. Tests with varying transmitter and receiver configurations demonstrate that DSO maintains robust performance even with fewer receivers. Comparisons with IC show that DSO produces sharper, more focused images and performs robustly in noisy environments, underscoring its potential for enhancing ISAR imaging in complex and dynamic scenarios.
Multi‐semantic contrast enhancement for robust insulator defect detection
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lin Zhiqiang , Wei Kunfeng , Xu Yonghui , Cui Lizhen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe effectiveness of deep learning‐based methods for insulator defect detection has been proven. However, in practical applications of power transmission lines, the complex and variable backgrounds in insulator images, coupled with the difficulty in labeling insulator defects, pose challenges to improving the robustness of such methods. Existing studies often utilize generative adversarial networks or forcefully combine foreground and background to augment training samples, but they overlook the rich semantic information in complex scenes, leading to distorted generated adversarial samples. To address this challenge, an innovative multi‐semantic contrast enhancement method that significantly enhances the robustness of defect detection by deeply integrating high‐level semantic knowledge and low‐level signal priors is proposed. Moreover, through adversarial training using generated samples with diverse semantics and real samples, the robustness of the method is further improved. Experimental results demonstrate that this method surpasses state‐of‐the‐art models, achieving significant performance on three independent cross‐scene datasets.