bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norrisolide: Total Synthesis and Related Studies
Authors: Brady Thomas P. , Kim Sun Hee , Wen Ke , Kim Charles , Theodorakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of (+)‐norrisolide is presented. This natural product belongs to a family of marine spongiane diterpenes the structure of which is characterized by a fused γ‐lactone–γ‐lactol ring system attached to a bicyclic hydrophobic core. Our studies led to the development of a expedient synthesis of such γ‐lactone–γ‐lactol motifs based on ring expansion of a fused cyclopropyl ester. Highlights of the synthetic strategy toward norrisolide include the coupling of the two bicyclic systems by constructing a sterically demanding C9C10 bond and the installation of the C19 oxygen at the last step of the synthesis via a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Covalently Linked to RuII Tris‐bipyridine: An Approach to Mimics of the Donor Side of Photosystem II
Authors: Xu Yunhua , Eilers Gerriet , Borgström Magnus , Pan Jingxi , Abrahamsson Maria , Magnuson Ann , Lomoth Reiner , Bergquist Jonas , Polívka Tomáš , Sun Licheng , Sundström Villy , Styring Stenbjörn , Hammarström Leif , Åkermark Björn 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo mimic the electron‐donor side of photosystem II (PSII), three trinuclear ruthenium complexes (2, 2 a, 2 b) were synthesized. In these complexes, a mixed‐valent dinuclear ${{\rm Ru}{{{\rm II}{\rm \char44}{\rm III}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$ moiety with one phenoxy and two acetato bridges is covalently linked to a RuII tris‐bipyridine photosensitizer. The properties and photoinduced electron/energy transfer of these complexes were studied. The results show that the ${{\rm Ru}{{{\rm II}{\rm \char44}{\rm III}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$ moieties in the complexes readily undergo reversible one‐electron reduction and one‐electron oxidation to give the ${{\rm Ru}{{{\rm II}{\rm \char44}{\rm II}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$ and ${{\rm Ru}{{{\rm III}{\rm \char44}{\rm III}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$ states, respectively. This could allow for photooxidation of the sensitizer part with an external acceptor and subsequent electron transfer from the dinuclear ruthenium moiety to regenerate the sensitizer. However, all trinuclear ruthenium complexes have a very short excited‐state lifetime, in the range of a few nanoseconds to less than 100 ps. Studies by femtosecond time‐resolved techniques suggest that a mixture of intramolecular energy and electron transfer between the dinuclear ruthenium moiety and the excited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitizer is responsible for the short lifetimes. This problem is overcome by anchoring the complexes with ester‐ or carboxyl‐substituted bipyridine ligands (2 a, 2 b) to nanocrystalline TiO2, and the desired electron transfer from the excited state of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety to the conduction band of TiO2 followed by intramolecular electron transfer from the dinuclear ${{\rm Ru}{{{\rm II}{\rm \char44}{\rm III}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$ moiety to photogenerated RuIII was observed. The resulting long‐lived ${{\rm Ru}{{{\rm III}{\rm \char44}{\rm III}\hfill \atop 2\hfill}}}$ state decays on the millisecond timescale.
Reductive Coupling of Allylic Esters with Carbonyl Compounds Mediated by the Mischmetall/[SmI2/Pd0cat.′]cat. System
Authors: Médégan Sédami , Hélion Florence , Namy Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe mischmetall/[SmI2/Pd0cat.′]cat. system has been used to mediate the allylation of ketones using a variety of allylic esters (acetates, carbonates and phosphates). Thus, a “two‐stage catalysis” has been carried out using SmI2 and Pd(PPh3)4 in catalytic amounts together with mischmetall (an alloy of the light lanthanides) as a co‐reductant. A catalytic scheme that takes into account previously reported reactions of SmI2/Pd0cat. and mischmetall/SmI2,cat. systems is proposed. It has also been shown that palladium complexes catalyse the addition of organolanthanide species to ketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
MPDATA: gauge transformations, limiters and monotonicity
Authors: Margolin L. G. , Shashkov M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMPDATA is a flexible and computationally efficient methodology that has been applied to advection, remapping, and full fluid solvers. In this paper, we extend the fundamental concept, iterated upwind compensation of error, to incorporate a new degree of freedom—that of gauge transformations—with the goal of constructing a monotonicity preserving option for MPDATA. We further augment this scheme by adapting the idea of summing the recursive relations to improve the overall accuracy. This process leads to a theoretical connection of this MPDATA scheme to flux‐limited algorithms. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐Myc creates an activation loop by transcriptionally repressing its own functional inhibitor, hMad4, in young fibroblasts, a loop lost in replicatively senescent fibroblasts
Authors: Marcotte Richard , Chen Jen Mou , Huard Sylvain , Wang Eugenia 
Published: September 2005

Abstractc‐Myc transcriptional activity in cells is dampened by the Mad family of transcriptional repressors. The expression of one member, hMad4, is increased in growth‐arrested states such as quiescence or replicative senescence; hMad4 mRNA levels in replicatively senescent fibroblasts are about twice those seen in their young contact‐inhibited quiescent counterparts. Moreover, the repression of hMad4 transcription following serum stimulation observed in quiescent young fibroblasts is lost in senescent cells. This loss results in persistent expression of hMad4, which leads to an inability to switch from an hMad4/Max complex to a c‐Myc/Max complex on selected c‐Myc target genes following serum stimulation. We have located an initiator element (Inr), a candidate for Miz‐1 binding, in the hMad4 promoter. In reporter assays, Miz‐1 enhances reporter GFP expression; this enhancement is inhibited by co‐expressing c‐Myc. Thus hMad4, as does its murine counterpart, contains the Inr element through which Miz‐1 activates its expression; but this action is inhibited in the presence of c‐Myc. This inhibition may explain the down‐regulation of hMad4, corresponding to the up‐regulation of c‐Myc, in young serum‐starved quiescent fibroblasts upon serum stimulation. However, this reciprocal change does not occur in replicatively senescent fibroblasts upon serum stimulation; instead, hMad4 persists in the presence of high levels of c‐Myc activation. Our results suggest that: (1) replicative senescence‐specific factors may block c‐Myc inhibition of Miz‐1 activation of hMad4 expression; and (2) the continual presence of hMad4 protein may transcriptionally repress selected c‐Myc target genes, whose functions are key to the signaling pathways leading to apoptosis inhibition and permanent exit of cell cycle traverse in normal human fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Translating the histone code into leukemia
Authors: Linggi Bryan E. , Brandt Stephen J. , Sun Zu‐Wen , Hiebert Scott W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe “histone code” is comprised of the covalent modifications of histone tails that function to regulate gene transcription. The post‐translational modifications that occur in histones within the regulatory regions of genes include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and ADP‐ribosylation. These modifications serve to alter chromatin structure and accessibility, and to act as docking sites for transcription factors or other histone modifying enzymes. Several of the factors that are disrupted by chromosomal translocations associated with hematological malignancies can alter the histone code in a gene‐specific manner. Here, we discuss how the histone code may be disrupted by chromosomal translocations, either directly by altering the activity of histone modifying enzymes, or indirectly by recruitment of this type of enzyme by oncogenic transcription factors. These alterations in the histone code may alter gene expression pattern to set the stage for leukemogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased radiation‐induced apoptosis of Saos2 cells via inhibition of NFκB: A role for c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase
Authors: Eliseev Roman A. , Zuscik Michael J. , Schwarz Edward M. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Drissi Hicham , Rosier Randy N. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo elucidate the possible effect of NFκB on radioresistance, we used the osteosarcoma cell line Saos2, stably expressing the NFκB constitutive inhibitor, mIκB (Saos2‐mIκB) or stably transfected with the empty vector (Saos2‐EV). Ionizing radiation induced “intrinsic” apoptosis in Saos2‐mIκB cells but not in Saos2‐EV control cells, with intact NFκB activity. We find as expected, that this NFκB activity was enhanced following irradiation in the Saos2‐EV control cells. On the other hand, inhibition of NFκB signaling in Saos2‐mIκB cells led to the upregulation of the pro‐apoptotic systems, such as Bax protein and c‐Jun N‐terminal Kinase (JNK)/c‐Jun/AP1 signaling. Inhibition of NFκB resulted in decreased expression of the DNA damage protein GADD45β, a known inhibitor of JNK. Subsequently, JNK activation of c‐Jun/AP‐1 proteins increased radiation‐induced apoptosis in these mutants. Radiation‐induced apoptosis in Saos2‐mIκB cells was inhibited by the JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 as well as by Bcl‐2 over‐expression. Furthermore, release of cytochrome‐c from mitochondria was increased and caspase‐9 and ‐3 were activated following irradiation in Saos2‐mIκB cells. Antisense inhibition of GADD45β in Saos2‐EV cells significantly enhanced apoptosis following irradiation. Our results demonstrate that radioresistance of Saos2 osteosarcoma cells is due to NFκB‐mediated inhibition of JNK. Our study brings new insight into the mechanisms underlying radiation‐induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma, and may lead to development of new therapeutic strategies against osteosarcoma. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycoprotein contributions to mammary gland and mammary tumor structure and function: Roles of adherens junctions, ErbBs and membrane MUCs
Authors: Carraway Kermit L. , Ramsauer Victoria P. , Carothers Carraway Coralie A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMammary function is dependent on its three‐dimensional organization, which is established and maintained by cell adhesive junctions linked through the membrane to the cell cytoskeleton. These junctions serve not only as structural elements, but also function as initiators and integrators of cell signals. In this review we discuss three types of glycoproteins whose interactions impinge on the function of mammary cell–cell junctions, cadherins, ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases and membrane mucins, as a microcosm of events regulating mammary cell behaviors. Actions of these components are integrated by the critical signaling element β‐catenin. When functioning properly, these glycoproteins, β‐catenin and associated signaling pathways mesh into a highly structured program for development and function of the gland. However, disruption or dysfunction of these glycoproteins or the signaling elements can lead to disorganization of the epithelia and ultimately to neoplasia. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanotransduction in endothelial cell migration
Authors: Li Song , Huang Ngan F. , Hsu Steven 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe migration of endothelial cells (ECs) plays an important role in vascular remodeling and regeneration. EC migration can be regulated by different mechanisms such as chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and mechanotaxis. This review will focus on fluid shear stress‐induced mechanotransduction during EC migration. EC migration and mechanotransduction can be modulated by cytoskeleton, cell surface receptors such as integrins and proteoglycans, the chemical and physical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell adhesions. The shear stress applied on the luminal surface of ECs can be sensed by cell membrane and associated receptor and transmitted throughout the cell to cell–ECM adhesions and cell–cell adhesions. As a result, shear stress induces directional migration of ECs by promoting lamellipodial protrusion and the formation of focal adhesions (FAs) at the front in the flow direction and the disassembly of FAs at the rear. Persistent EC migration in the flow direction can be driven by polarized activation of signaling molecules and the positive feedback loops constituted by Rho GTPases, cytoskeleton, and FAs at the leading edge. Furthermore, shear stress‐induced EC migration can overcome the haptotaxis of ECs. Given the hemodynamic environment of the vascular system, mechanotransduction during EC migration has a significant impact on vascular development, angiogenesis, and vascular wound healing. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐interacting multi‐functional protein, p43, is imported to endothelial cells via lipid rafts
Authors: Yi Jae‐Sung , Lee Ji‐Yeon , Chi Sung‐Gil , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Park Sang Gyu , Kim Sunghoon , Ko Young‐Gyu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase subunit, p43, was previously demonstrated to be released from mammalian cells, and to function as an extracellular regulator of both angiogenesis and inflammatory responses (Ko et al., [2001] J Biol Chem, 276; 23028; Park et al.[2002], J Biol Chem 277; 45243). Here, we report that p43 is internalized to the endothelial cells via lipid rafts. Exogenous p43 was co‐localized on bovine aorta endothelial cells with cholera toxin B (CTB), which binds to cholesterol‐enriched lipid rafts. The p43 was rapidly internalized to the cells, as early as 5 min after binding to the surfaces of the cells. p43 bound to the isolated lipid rafts, and its interaction with the lipid rafts, was prevented by high salt content, but not by detergent. This suggests that ionic bonds are involved in the molecular association of p43 with the lipid rafts. Taken together, we conclude that p43 binds to the endothelial cell surface via lipid rafts. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel core‐crosslinked graft copolymers from crosslinked poly(mercapto‐thiourethane)
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCrosslinked poly(mercapto‐thiourethane) was employed as a precursor for graft copolymer synthesis. The crosslinked stem polymer (1) was easily prepared by polyaddition of a bifunctional dithiocarbonate and piperazine under air atmosphere via oxidative coupling of mercapto group. Polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of 1 yielded the corresponding crosslinked graft copolymers with high grafting weight percentages (>1800%). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5097–5102, 2005
the memory machine: sound and memory at the british museum
Authors: lane cathy , parry nye 
Published: September 2005

the memory machine is a context-, people- and site-specific interactive sound installation. it has been developed as a collaboration between two composers, cathy lane and nye parry, who share an interest in sound, oral history, and memory. the memory machine is an ongoing project which, most recently, was part of the british museum's 250th anniversary exhibition entitled the museum of the mind; art and memory in world cultures.this paper discusses the background and ideas behind the memory machine within the context of the composers' work. the development of the project in collaboration with the british museum is described and an evaluation of some of the issues around the public exhibition of the piece is given as well as a full technical description of the different elements of the installation.
The effects of diet on circulating sex hormone levels in men
Authors: Allen Naomi E , Key Timothy J 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThere is considerable epidemiological evidence that a Western-style diet may increase the risk of certain hormone-dependent conditions in men via its effects on hormone metabolism. Experimental evidence also suggests that dietary factors may exert subtle effects on hormone metabolism. Here we review the clinical and epidemiological evidence that diet is associated with circulating sex hormone levels in men. In comparison with factors such as age and BMI, nutrients do not appear to be strong determinants of sex hormone levels. Dietary intervention studies have not shown that a change in dietary fat and/or dietary fibre intake is associated with changes in circulating sex hormone concentrations over the short term. The data on the effects of dietary phyto-oestrogens on sex hormone levels in men are too limited for conclusions to be drawn. Observational studies between men from different dietary groups have shown that a vegan diet is associated with small but significant increases in sex-hormone-binding globulin and testosterone concentrations in comparison with meat-eaters. However, these studies have not demonstrated that variations in dietary composition have any long-term important effects on circulating bioavailable sex hormone levels in men. This lack of effect may be partly explained by the body's negative feedback mechanism, which balances out small changes in androgen metabolism in order to maintain a constant level of circulating bioavailable androgens. It appears, therefore, that future studies should look for dietary effects on the feedback mechanism itself, or on the metabolism of androgens within the target tissues.
Nutritional ergogenic aids and exercise performance
Authors: Maughan R. J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe use of nutritional supplements in sport is widespread and few serious athletes do not, at some stage in their career, succumb to the temptation to experiment with one or more nutritional supplements. Nutritional ergogenic aids are aimed primarily at enhancing performance (either by affecting energy metabolism or by an effect on the central nervous system), at increasing lean body mass or muscle mass by stimulation of protein synthesis and at reducing body fat content. Although not strictly ergogenic (i.e. capable of enhancing work performance), supplements aimed at increasing resistance to infection and improving general health are seen by athletes as important in reducing the interruptions to training that minor illness and infection can cause. Creatine is perhaps the most widely used supplement in sport at the moment. Supplementation can increase muscle creatine phosphate levels and, although not all published studies show positive results, there is much evidence that performance of short-term high-intensity exercise can be improved by supplementation. Ingestion of large doses of bicarbonate can enhance performance of exercise where metabolic acidosis may be a limiting factor, but there is a significant risk of adverse gastrointestinal side effects. Caffeine can also improve performance, in part by a stimulation of fatty acid mobilization and sparing of the body's limited carbohydrate stores, but also via direct effects on muscle and possibly by central nervous system effects on the perception of effort and fatigue. Carnitine plays an essential role in fatty acid oxidation in muscle but, although supplements are used by athletes, there is no good evidence of a beneficial effect of supplementation. None of these products contravenes the International Olympic Committee regulations on doping in sports, although caffeine is not permitted above a urine concentration of 12 mg/l. Supplementation is particularly prevalent among strength and power athletes, where an increase in muscle mass can benefit performance. Protein supplements have not been shown to be effective except in those rare cases where the dietary protein intake is otherwise inadequate. Individual amino acids, especially ornithine, arginine and glutamine, are also commonly used, but their benefit is not supported by documented evidence. Cr and hydroxymethylbutyrate are also used by strength athletes, but again there are no well-controlled studies to provide evidence of a beneficial effect. Athletes use a wide variety of supplements aimed at improving or maintaining general health and vitamin and mineral supplementation is widespread. There is a theoretical basis, and limited evidence, to support the use of antioxidant vitamins and glutamine during periods of intensive training, but further evidence is required before the use of these supplements can be recommended.
Whole-Genome Validation of High-Information-Content Fingerprinting
Authors: Nelson William M. , Bharti Arvind K. , Butler Ed , Wei Fusheng , Fuks Galina , Kim HyeRan , Wing Rod A. , Messing Joachim , Soderlund Carol 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Fluorescent-based high-information-content fingerprinting (HICF) techniques have recently been developed for physical mapping. These techniques make use of automated capillary DNA sequencing instruments to enable both high-resolution and high-throughput fingerprinting. In this article, we report the construction of a whole-genome HICF FPC map for maize (Zea mays subsp. mays cv B73), using a variant of HICF in which a type IIS restriction enzyme is used to generate the fluorescently labeled fragments. The HICF maize map was constructed from the same three maize bacterial artificial chromosome libraries as previously used for the whole-genome agarose FPC map, providing a unique opportunity for direct comparison of the agarose and HICF methods; as a result, it was found that HICF has substantially greater sensitivity in forming contigs. An improved assembly procedure is also described that uses automatic end-merging of contigs to reduce the effects of contamination and repetitive bands. Several new features in FPC v7.2 are presented, including shared-memory multiprocessing, which allows dramatically faster assemblies, and automatic end-merging, which permits more accurate assemblies. It is further shown that sequenced clones may be digested in silico and located accurately on the HICF assembly, despite size deviations that prevent the precise prediction of experimental fingerprints. Finally, repetitive bands are isolated, and their effect on the assembly is studied.
A comparison of the human papillomavirus test and Papanicolaou smear as a second screening method for women with minor cytological abnormalities
Authors: Andersson Sonia , Dillner Lena , Elfgren Kristina , Mints Miriam , Persson Maria , Rylander Eva 
Published: September 2005

Background.  Of the estimated one million Papanicolaou (pap) smears performed annually in Sweden, about 4% show any degree of abnormality. Approximately, 1% of these cases contain moderate or severe atypia (high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) and the rest contain low‐grade atypia. Recommendations for the management of minor abnormalities vary in various parts of Sweden. Generally, a second Pap smear is obtained 4–6 months after the first one showing low‐grade atypia. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐DNA testing for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2–3 with that of a second Pap smear in women, who had low‐grade atypia in their first Pap smear.Methods.  Women with low‐grade atypia in the Stockholm area, detected at a population‐based cytology screening, were enrolled. A repeat Pap smear, HPV test, and colposcopically directed biopsies were obtained. For the detection of HPV, Hybrid Capture II (HC II) was used.Results.  The HPV‐DNA test was positive in 66% of the 177 participating women. The sensitivity of the second Pap smear and HPV‐DNA test to detect CIN 2–3 was 61 (95% CI = 45–74) and 82% (95% CI = 67–91), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of HPV testing were 27 (95% CI = 18–35) and 89% (95% CI = 80–97), respectively.Conclusions.  In Sweden, a second Pap smear is often obtained for the follow‐up of women with low‐grade atypia. The results of our study show that compared to the second Pap smear, HPV testing with HC II is a more sensitive method for detecting high‐grade lesions.