bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay and particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay with standard serologic methods and bacteriologic culture for detection of Brucella sp-infected cows in herds with brucellosis
Authors: Nicoletti Paul , Tanya Vincent 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Bacteriologic culture of udder secretions and card, rivanol, and complement fixation tests for detection of brucellosis were performed on samples from 828 cows vaccinated with strain 19 in herds with brucellosis. An elisa and a particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay were performed on sera from 560 and 569 cows, respectively.
A field strain of Brucella abortus or strain 19 was isolated from 278 cows. The elisa and the card test had high sensitivity, but low specificity.
Data suggested that there is no advantage to using primary binding assays rather than the simple buffered antigen agglutination procedures to detect cows infected with a field strain of B abortus.
Scintigraphic evaluation of fractures of the distal phalanx in horses: 27 cases (1979-1988)
Authors: Keegan Kevin G. , Twardock A. Robert , Losonsky John M. , Baker Gordon J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Retrospective radiographic and scintigraphic analyses were performed on 27 fractures of the distal phalanx in 25 horses. Location of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-mdp) uptake was compared with fracture line location as seen on radiography. Intensity (intense, moderate, mild) and pattern (focal, diffuse) of 99mTc-mdp uptake was recorded and compared with duration of fracture. Nine horses were monitored during convalescence by obtaining additional scintigraphic views 3 to 68 months after injury.
Palmar scintigraphic views had evidence of focal areas of increased 99mTc-mdp uptake that corresponded to fracture line location as seen on radiography. Lateral scintigraphic views had evidence of diffuse increased uptake. There was a significant (P < 0.01) association between duration of fracture and intensity of uptake, with fractures < 3 months in duration more likely to have intense focal uptake. All fractures < 10 days in duration had intense focal uptake. As fracture age increased, 99mTc-mdp uptake became less intense and more diffuse. Three fractures not evident on radiography had evidence of 99mTc-mdp uptake on scintigraphy. Stall rest resulted in decreased 99mTc-mdp uptake in 6 of 9 horses, but increased uptake was still visible in all horses between 4 and 25 months after injury. The only scintigraphic view without evidence of increased uptake was that obtained from a horse reexamined 68 months after injury.
Prevalence of shigellosis and other enteric pathogens in a zoologic collection of primates
Authors: Banish Linda D. , Sims Robert , Sack David , Montali Richard J. , Phillips Lyndsay , Bush Mitchell 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An epidemiologic study of shigellosis was the preliminary step in the formulation of a plan for the control of devastating infectious diseases in nonhuman primates at the National Zoological Park. Data were collected from primate groups with enzootic shigellosis and included the following species: white-cheeked and siamang gibbons (Hylobates concolor and H syndactylies); lion-tailed, celebes, and Barbary macaques (Macaca silenus, M nigera, and M sylvanus); black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guerzea); grey-cheeked mangabeys (Cerecocebus albigena); spider monkeys (Ateles susciceps robusuts); ruffed lemurs (Lemur varrigatus); lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla); and orangutans (pongo pygmaeus). Data included results of physical examination, proctoscopy with biopsy, fecal parasitologic and cytologic examinations, and bacteriologic culturing of swabbed specimens of rectum and gingiva. Repetitive fecal examinations were subsequently performed and included bacteriologic culturing of fecal specimens for enteropathogenic bacteria and parasites and cytologic examination of feces. Data were collected for a 1-year period from 82 primates, and 14 gibbons were studied intensively. White-cheeked and siamang gibbons shed Shigella flexneri sporadically, but persistently. All gibbons were affected with a mean point prevalence of 30.7% (range 0 to 71%). Shigella flexneri also was isolated from feces of lion-tailed macaques. Shigella sonnei was isolated from feces of grey-cheeked mangabeys, celebes macaques, and spider monkeys. Of 180 colonic mucosal biopsy specimens from 60 primates, 3 contained Shigella spp. Most S flexneri isolates were serotype Y.
Our findings substantiated that enzootic shigellosis was more widespread at the National Zoological Park than signs of disease and results of a few bacteriologic cultures suggested. Those primate species affected were pinpointed, and the heterogeneity of Shigella spp involved was elucidated. Supportive diagnostic techniques were investigated and an unconventional protocol for performing bacteriologic culturing of fecal specimens was found useful in decreasing false-negative results. Epidemiologic findings and shedding patterns defined appropriateness of clinical management options.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of positive-contrast arthrography and arthrotomy in evaluation of osteochondrosis lesions in the scapulohumeral joint in dogs
Authors: van Bree Henri 
Published: December 2023

Summary
During a 6-year-period (1985-1991), 120 positive-contrast arthrograms were made in 70 dogs to evaluate osteochondrosis lesions in the scapulohumeral joint. In 76 shoulders, the arthrographic findings were compared with surgical or histopathologic findings to evaluate the accuracy of the arthrographic technique. Positive-contrast arthrography was found to be accurate in evaluation of the status of the articular cartilage. In revealing discontinuity of the articular cartilage, the results of arthrography were false-negative in 4 shoulders (58/66; accuracy, 88%). In detecting thick cartilage covering a subchondral defect, the results of positive-contrast arthrography were false-positive in 4 joints (6/11; accuracy, 55%). In detecting fragmentation of the cartilage, arthrography provided false-negative results in 4 joints (7/11; accuracy, 64%). This technique enabled detection of joint mice, especially within the bicipital tendon sheath (no false-positive results). Arthrography failed to reveal joint mice within the caudal pouch in 2 joints (15/17; accuracy, 88%). Joint effusion also could be evaluated and was correlated with synovitis, degenerative joint disease, and loose or detached cartilage flaps. Postarthrography complications were not observed with this technique.
Endoparasitism in dogs: 21,583 cases (1981–1990)
Authors: Jordan Helen E. , Mullins Sandra T. , Stebbins Martha E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Prevalence of endoparasites (particularly ascarids) in dogs examined at the Oklahoma State University veterinary medical teaching hospital during 1981 to 1990 was determined by fecal and blood examinations. Approximately 1,250 fecal and 900 blood specimens were examined each year. In 1981, 55% of dogs harbored 1 or more parasites, compared with 36% in 1990. Percentages of all endoparasitic species decreased, except Giardia spp, which increased. The greatest decrease in prevalence was for Ancylostoma spp, which changed from 39% in 1981 to 15% in 1990. Prevalence of Toxocara spp and Trichuris spp also significantly decreased from 1981 (8% and 12%, respectively) through 1990 (4% and 9%, respectively). Although there appeared to be a downward trend in these ascarid infections, considerable environmental contamination probably existed and continues to exist because of high fecundity and long survival of eggs in the environment. Prevalence of Dipetalonema spp had a downward trend from a high of 4% in 1981 to < 1% by 1991. Prevalence of Dirofilaria spp decreased from 12% in 1982 to 6% in 1985, but by 1990, it was 11%.
Analysis of hemostasis in horses with colic
Authors: Prasse Keith William , Topper Michael Joseph , Moore James Neil , Welles Elizabeth Galt 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Eight tests of hemostasis were measured in 233 horses with colic. Blood samples were obtained at admission and for 4 consecutive days of hospitalization. Data were analyzed retrospectively by outcome, by broad-category diagnosis group, by small intestinal disorder, and by smaller categories for comparing specific diseases. Nonsurviving horses and horses with the most severe forms of intestinal ischemia had changes interpreted as hypercoagulative, the intensity of which was increased on the first and second mornings (sample times 2 and 3) after admission, when most significant differences for results of specific tests were detected. Nonsurvivors had decreased antithrombin III activity and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times; those with strangulating obstructions also had decreased protein C and plasminogen activities. During hospitalization and with survival, these changes tended to reverse. In most horses, regardless of diagnosis or outcome, concentration of fibrin degradation products and fibrinogen, and α2-antiplasmin activity increased over time. Whether these changes reflected specific effects of colic or of the acute-phase response was not determined. In comparisons of small intestinal disorders (proximal enteritis, strangulations, and impactions), diagnostically distinguishing features were not found. Likewise, in comparisons of specific diseases (small vs large intestinal impaction, proximal enteritis vs colitis, small vs large intestinal obstruction), diagnostically distinguishingfeatures were not found.
Hypocalcemia at parturition as a risk factor for left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows
Authors: Massey Cynthia Doyle , Wang Changzheng , Donovan G. Arthur , Beede David K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Total and ionized serum calcium concentrations were measured in 510 Holstein cows at the time of parturition. Cows that subsequently developed left displacement of the abomasum (lda) were compared with those that did not. Cows that were hypocalcemic at parturition had a 4.8 times greater risk of developing lda than did normocalcemic cows. Hypocalcemia was associated with the development of lda whether ionized serum calcium concentration or total serum calcium concentration was used to determine whether cows were hypo- or normocalcemic. The proportion of cows developing lda was not significantly different between cows that had clinical signs of hypocalcemia and were treated for parturient paresis and cows that were hypocalcemic but did not have clinical signs and were not treated.
Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal death in horses: 3,527 cases (1986–1991)
Authors: Giles R. C. , Donahue J. M. , Hong C. B. , Tuttle P. A. , Petrites-Murphy M. B. , Poonacha K. B. , Roberts A. W. , Tramontin R. R. , Smith B. , Swerczek T. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pathology case records oj 3,514 aborted fetuses, stillborn foals, or foals that died < 24 hours after birth and of 13 placentas from mares whose foals were weak or unthrifty at birth were reviewed to determine the cause of abortion, death, or illness. Fetoplacental infection caused by bacteria (n = 628), equine herpesvirus (143), fungi (61), or placentitis (351), in which an etiologic agent could not be defined, was the most common diagnosis. Complications of birth, including neonatal asphyxia, dystocia, or trauma, were the second most common cause of mortality and were diagnosed in 19% of the cases (679). Other common diagnoses were placental edema or premature separation of placenta (249), development of twins (221), contracted foal syndrome (188), other congenital anomalies (160), and umbilical cord abnormalities (121). Less common conditions were placental villous atrophy or body pregnancy (81), fetal diarrhea syndrome (34), and neoplasms or miscellaneous conditions (26). A diagnosis was not established in 16% of the cases seen (585). The study revealed that leptospirosis (78) was an important cause of bacterial abortion in mares, and that infection by a nocardioform actinomycete (45) was an important cause of chronic placentitis.
Decision analysis in the evaluation of diagnostic tests
Authors: Smith Ronald D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Decision analysis was used to evaluate the clinical usefulness of 2 diagnostic tests: one for canine heartworm disease and the other for bovine traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Several clinically relevant measures of test performance are introduced, including expected utility, risk profile, testing band, threshold analysis, and the relative cost of misdiagnosis. One of the principal benefits of decision analysis of diagnostic tests is that the technique can be used to determine how changes in underlying assumptions will affect clinical decisions. If clinicians can identify and assign values to relevant variables, then decision analysis can provide clinically meaningful guidelines for interpreting the results of diagnostic tests. To take advantage of these techniques, clinicians must become comfortable with quantitative expressions for test performance, risk, and prognosis.
Neonatal toxoplasmosis in littermate cats
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Carpenter James L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed histologically in 9 kittens and 1 queen from 5 litters. In litter 1, four 3-month-old Siamese kittens and the queen were affected. The queen died of generalized toxoplasmosis, and her kittens died or were euthanatized 20, 22, or 28 days later. In litter 2, two of 3 Abyssinian 4- and 4.5-month-old kittens died of toxoplasmosis. In litter 3, an Abyssinian, delivered by cesarean section, became ill 17 days after delivery, and died 2 days later because of toxoplasmic hepatitis and pneumonia. In litter 4, three kittens, approximately 1 month old, were shedding Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts, and the organism was identified histologically in tissues of 1 of them. In litter 5, one 3-week-old kitten out of 4 became ill. Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts were found in feces and T gondii organisms were found in histologic sections of tissues.
Seasonal flank alopecia in Boxers and Airedale Terriers: 24 cases (1985–1992)
Authors: Miller Maria A. , Dunstan Robert W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Clinical and histologic features of seasonal flank alopecia in 12 Airedale Terriers and 12 Boxers were reviewed. Most of the affected dogs were spayed females; however, sexually intact females as well as sexually intact and neutered male dogs with the disease were identified. Mean (±sd) age of onset was 3.6 ± 2.4 years.
Use of prostaglandin products by dairy cattle owners, beef cattle owners, and veterinarians
Authors: Wenzel James G. W. , Wright James C. , Carson Robert L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Questionnaires regarding the use of prostaglandin F2α and its analogues (hereafter referred to as pg) were sent to 332 Alabama beef cattle owners and to 279 Alabama dairy cattle owners after attempting to contact them by telephone to request their participation in the survey. Questionnaires concerning the use of pg in their clients’ herds were likewise sent to 147 food animal and mixed animal practitioners in Alabama after attempting telephone contact. Response among beef cattle owners, dairy cattle owners, and veterinarians to whom questionnaires were mailed was 64.5, 61.6, and 75.5%, respectively.
Only 7.4% (13 of 175) of respondent beef cattle owners reported use of pg in their herds, and this use was predominantly for artificial insemination and embryo transfer. In contrast, 66.5% (109 of 164) of respondent dairy cattle owners reported use of pg, generally with satisfactory results, for some of the following conditions: unobserved estrus (n = 77), uterine infections (n = 74), retained placenta (n = 65), cystic ovaries (n = 56), estrus synchronization (n = 45), and induction of parturition (n = 13).
Although 94.9% of respondent veterinarians treated cattle with pg, those attending beef herds thought that more important strategies were available for improvement of beef cattle productivity than increased use of pg. Among these strategies were shorter calving seasons, improved nutrition, better record keeping, more frequent herd health visits, improved animal identification, and increased use of bull breeding soundness examinations. Likewise, dairy practitioners thought that improved estrus detection, more frequent herd health visits, improved nutrition, better artificial insemination technique, and improved record keeping were more important for improved production than was increased use of pg.
Is your hospital really safe?
Authors: Seibert Philip J. 
Published: December 2023

The large number of responses to our first Practitioners’ Exchange question (see Sept 1, 1993 issue of the JAVMA) suggests that veterinarians are concerned about complying with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, but that many veterinarians are uncertain how best to set up an OSHA compliance program in their own hospitals. With this issue, we present the first in a series of articles dealing with OSHA regulations and giving practical ways for veterinarians to comply with the OSHA standards. In future articles, the author will discuss some of the common hazards in veterinary hospitals, implementation of a hazard communication plan, and development of a hospital emergency action plan.
While reading these articles, remember that, although they represent the best information available at the time they were written, they cannot be considered definitive. Regulations are subject to change, and, in the end, only personnel from OSHA can tell you exactly how to comply with the OSHA guidelines. However, we believe that by following the suggestions in this and future articles, veterinarians will be able to create a hospital safety program that will substantially comply with OSHA guidelines and that will ensure a safe workplace for themselves and their employees.— Kurt J. Matushek, Assistant Editor.
Prognosis for treatment of adult-onset demodicosis in dogs: 34 cases (1979-1990)
Authors: Duclos David D. , Jeffers James G. , Shanley Kevin J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 41 dogs with adultonset generalized demodicosis diagnosed between 1979 and 1990 were reviewed. Of the 41 dogs, 8 had hyperadrenocorticism, 5 were suspected or confirmed to have hypothyroidism, 10 had allergic disease and had been treated with corticosteroids, and 6 were receiving chemotherapy because of a neoplastic or immune-mediated condition. In the remaining 12, a concurrent underlying condition was not identified. Thirty-four of the dogs were treated with amitraz dips: 7 were cured, 22 were clinically improved but still had Demodex canis mites in skin scrapings and needed amitraz dips on a maintenance basis, and 5 did not improve with treatment and were euthanatized. Of the 13 dogs with a definitively treatable underlying disease (hyperadrenocorticism or hypothyroidism), 9 were treated for the underlying disease and for demodicosis: 4 were cured, 3 were improved but still had D canis mites in skin scrapings and required maintenance amitraz dips, and 2 did not improve and were euthanatized. Of the 16 dogs that were receiving chemotherapy or had allergic disease, 15 were treated for the demodicosis while still receiving treatment for their underlying disease: 1 was cured, 13 were improved but needed maintenance amitraz dips, and 1 did not improve and was euthanatized. Of the 12 dogs without an identifiable underlying problem, 10 were treated: 2 were cured, 6 improved, but needed maintenance amitraz dips, and 2 did not improve and were euthanatized.
Diagnostic testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses
Authors: Dybdal Noël O. , Hargreaves Kenneth Μ. , Madigan John E. , Gribble David H. , Kennedy Peter C. , Stabenfeldt George H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is a slowly progressive disorder that afflicts most breeds of horses. Because it shares features with human Cushing disease, it has been referred to as equine Cushing disease. A variety of tests of pituitary-adrenocortical function were performed on horses with evidence of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and results were compared with those in healthy control horses. Diurnal variations in plasma cortisol concentration were not statistically different between control horses and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. An ACTH stimulation (1 U of natural ACTH gel/kg of body weight, IM) test or a combined dexamethasone suppression test (10 mg, IM) and ACTH stimulation (100 mg of synthetic ACTH, IV) test also failed to distinguish horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction from control horses. A significant (P < 0.001) dose-related suppression of cortisol concentration in response to increasing doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/kg) of dexamethasone was observed in control horses but not in those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. On the basis of plasma cortisol concentration, the dexamethasone suppression test, using 40 μg/kg, whether initiated at 5 PM with sample collection at 15 (8 AM) and 19 (12 PM) hours after dexamethasone administration, or initiated at 12 AM with sample collection at 8 (8 AM), 12 (12 PM), 16 (4 PM), 20 (8 PM), and 24 (12 AM) hours after dexamethasone administration, reliably distinguished between control horses and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Several horses did not have clinical evidence of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, but did have abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results. In these horses, adenomatous hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland was confirmed at necropsy.
99mTc-pertechnetate imaging of thyroid tumors in dogs: 29 cases (1980-1992)
Authors: Marks Stanley L. , Koblik Philip D. , Hornof William J. , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thyroid gland scintigraphy was performed in 29 dogs with histologically confirmed thyroid tumors. Twenty dogs were female, and 9 were male. Median age was 10 years. Of the 29 dogs, 21 were initially examined because of cervical swelling or a cervical mass. Of the 29 tumors, 24 were thyroid adenocarcinomas, 1 was a C-cell carcinoma, 3 were undifferentiated carcinomas, and 1 was a thyroid adenoma. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations were determined in 25 dogs. Sixteen dogs were euthyroid, 6 were hyperthyroid, and 3 were hypothyroid.
In all 29 dogs, results of scintigraphy were abnormal. The most common scintigraphic appearance (13 dogs) was a unilateral thyroid mass with increased radionuclide uptake, relative to that of the parotid salivary glands. There did not appear to be an association between distribution of radionuclide uptake and histologic diagnosis, although there appeared to be an association between distribution of uptake and histologic degree of capsular invasion. All 4 dogs with extensive capsular invasion and 11 of 17 dogs with limited capsular invasion had poorly circumscribed, heterogeneous uptake of pertechnetate by the tumor. All hyperthyroid dogs had intense uptake, and 5 of 6 hyperthyroid dogs had well-circumscribed, homogenous uptake. Scintigraphy did not appear to offer any additional benefit, compared with thoracic radiography, for detection of pulmonary metastases.