bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining differences in incidence rates of pleural mesothelioma between Sweden and the Netherlands
Authors: Burdorf Alex , Järvholm Bengt , Englund Anders 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn recent years in several countries a deceleration or leveling off of pleural mesothelioma rates has been observed. The impact of asbestos used was analysed by comparing a country with a relative modest incidence rate of mesothelioma (Sweden) and an early response to asbestos use with a country with one of the highest incidence rates of mesothelioma in Western Europe (The Netherlands). In Sweden the Cancer Register provided information on the annual incidence of pleural mesothelioma, whereas in The Netherlands mortality data were provided by Statistics Netherlands for the period 1969–2001. In The Netherlands among men the incidence rate was consistently higher (1.5–2 times) than in Sweden, whereas among women similar rates were observed. Assuming that none of the female cases was caused by occupational exposure to asbestos, minimum estimates of the etiologic fraction for occupational exposure to asbestos in men would be 82% in Sweden and 92% in The Netherlands. Possible explanations for the consistently higher incidence rates in the Netherlands than in Sweden include differences in exposure levels, the proportion of exposed subjects in the workforce and types of asbestos fibres used. Measures to decrease the exposure to asbestos seem to have decreased the risk of pleural mesothelioma in both countries among age groups below 60 years. This effect will result in a leveling off of the increase in pleural mesothelioma in both countries in the next decade.
E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 selectively downregulates surface HLA class I
Authors: Ashrafi G. Hossein , Haghshenas Mohammad R. , Marchetti Barbara , O'Brien Philippa M. , Campo M. Saveria 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPapillomaviruses have evolved mechanisms that result in escape from host immune surveillance. The E5 protein is expressed early in papillomavirus infection in the deep layers of the infected epithelium. It is localized to the Golgi apparatus (GA) and endoplasmic reticulum. The E5 protein of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) impairs the synthesis and stability of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I complexes and prevents their transport to the cell surface due to retention in the GA. Here we show that human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16) E5 also causes the retention of MHC (HLA) class I complexes in the GA and impedes their transport to the cell surface, which is rescued by treatment with interferon. Unlike BPV E5, HPV‐16 E5 does not affect the synthesis of HLA class I heavy chains or the expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing TAP. These results show that downregulation of surface MHC class I molecules is common to both BPV and HPV E5 proteins. Moreover, we determined that HPV‐16 E5 downregulates surface expression of HLA‐A and HLA‐B, which present viral peptides to MHC class I‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but not the natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory ligands HLA‐C and HLA‐E. Selective downregulation of cell surface HLA class I molecules may allow the virus to establish infection by avoiding immune clearance of virus‐infected cells by both CTLs and NK cells.
Intracellular LPS inhibits the activity of potassium channels and fails to activate NFκB in human macrophages
Authors: Gerth Anja , Grosche Jens , Nieber Karen , Hauschildt Sunna 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlthough much has been learned about signal transduction mechanisms and binding proteins involved in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced activation of monocytes/macrophages, little is known about the ability of internalized LPS to activate cells. To approach this question we either exposed macrophages to LPS or microinjected the cells with LPS before studying early cellular events associated with LPS‐mediated macrophage activation. We measured membrane currents and translocation of NFκB to the nucleus. Using the whole‐cell patch clamp technique ion channels were analyzed and characterized as K+ sensitive inward and outward currents. Exogenous LPS was shown to increase the voltage‐dependent outward current whereas the voltage‐dependent inward current was unaffected. However when cells were microinjected with LPS both inward and outward current were completely abolished. The presence of LPS within the cells did not prevent them to perform phagocytosis or to respond to fMLP with an appropriate increase in [Ca2+]i. The immunocytological detection of NFκB p65 translocation revealed that exogenous LPS led to the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NFκB, whereas only the cytoplasmic localization of p65 was observed following microinjection of LPS. These data show that one major process in macrophage activation, the NFκB dependent transcription of a number of genes encoding for many inflammatory mediators cannot be induced by intracellular LPS but requires the interaction of LPS with external membrane components. However intracellular LPS causes a drastic decrease in potassium currents which by keeping the cell membrane at a depolarized potential may result in changed biological answers of these cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained Wnt protein expression in chondral constructs from mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Nishioka Katsuhiro , Dennis James E. , Gao Jizong , Goldberg Victor M. , Caplan Arnold I. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWnt genes encode a number of secreted glycoproteins which are closely associated with the cell surface and the extracellular matrix. Recently, members of Wnt family have been implicated in regulating chondrocyte differentiation, but their roles in the chondrogenic process are not fully understood. To contribute to an understanding of the roles of Wnts during chondrogenesis, we have analysed the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Wnt using in vitro models for chondrogenesis of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In chondrogenic aggregate culture system, RT‐PCR analysis revealed expression of Wnt5a and Wnt4 during late chondrogenesis (days 10 and 15). Immunohistochemical analysis showed widespread distribution of Wnt5a and Wnt4 throughout the aggregates at this late phase of culture (days 14 and 21). In addition, in this aggregate culture system, immunohistochemical staining of Wnt4 and Wnt5a showed similar spatiotemporal expression patterns to that of type II collagen or type X collagen. To confirm the results obtained by immunostaining, the specificity of the anti‐Wnt4 or anti‐Wnt5a antibody was assessed by Western blot analysis. Of Wnt4 and Wnt5a, only Wnt5a was immunodetectable by Western blot analysis. Western blot analysis showed that Wnt5a was expressed as two different molecular weight forms of 40 and 44 kDa. Treatment with PNGase F, which removes N‐linked oligosaccharides, revealed that the mass difference between these two forms could be accounted for by the N‐glycosylation status of the protein. When hMSCs were seeded on a porous gelatin sponge, immunolocalization studies showed that type II collagen and type X collagen were detected particularly at the periphery at day 7 of culture. In contrast, Wnt4 and Wnt5a showed even distribution throughout the hMSC/gelatin sponge constructs. Their different spatial expression patterns suggest that Wnt4 and Wnt5a proteins are not functionally linked to type II collagen and type X collagen synthesis in in vitro chondrogenic models of hMSCs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiosynthesis of [11C]docetaxel
Authors: van Tilburg E. W. , Franssen E. J. F. , van der Hoeven J. J. M. , van der Meij M. , Elshove D. , Lammertsma A. A. , Windhorst A. D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDocetaxel (Taxotere®) is an accepted chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer and non‐small cell lung cancers. A potential means of predicting response is measuring tumor uptake of [11C]docetaxel using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The synthetic approach to introduce the 11C isotope in the 2‐benzoyl moiety of docetaxel unfortunately was unsuccessful. The radiosynthesis of [11C]docetaxel (6b, Scheme 1), with the 11C isotope in the BOC moiety, was however, successful using a second synthetic approach. It started with the reaction of [11C]tert‐butanol with 1,2,2,2‐tetrachloroethyl chloroformate to give [11C]tert‐butyl‐l,2,2,2‐tetrachloroethyl carbonate in a good overall yield (62±9%). In the final step, the [11C]tert‐butoxycarbonylation of the free amine of docetaxel gave [11C]docetaxel 6b in a satisfactory decay corrected yield of 10±1% (from [11C]CO2). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ochre decor and cinnabar residues in Neolithic pottery from Vinča, Serbia
Authors: Mioč U. B. , Colomban Ph. , Sagon G. , Stojanović M. , Rosić A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe prehistoric site of Vinča, on the right bank of the River Danube, the territory of the City of Belgrade, first excavated by M. Vasić in 1931–34, provides Neolithic pottery dating back to 5200–4200 BC. Shards excavated in 1998 (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts) have a yellow coating on the external (convex) and red deposit on the internal (concave) side. Raman, IR and x‐ray identification proved that the yellow‐to‐red decor deposited on the external faces of pottery is made of ochre, a mixture of hematite, quartz and phyllosilicates. The red deposit found on some internal surfaces of the pottery consists of cinnabar (HgS) with some quartz and phyllosilicates. This indicates that cinnabar was not used for decor but for other purposes than and prepared or stored in ceramic utensils. A comparison is made with mercury ore from the Šuplja Stena mine located ∼20 km from Vinča village. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopic characteristics of phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine in sandwich‐type phthalocyaninato and porphyrinato rare earth complexes. Part 11—Raman spectroscopic characteristics of phthalocyanine in mixed [tetrakis(4‐chlorophenyl)porphyrinato](phthalocyaninato) rare earth double‐deckers
Authors: Lu Fanli , Rintoul Llew , Sun Xuan , Arnold Dennis P. , Zhang Xianxi , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRaman spectroscopic data in the range 500–1800 cm−1 for a series of 15 mixed [tetrakis(4‐chlorophenyl)porphyrinato](phthalocyaninato) double‐decker complexes with tervalent rare earths MIII(TClPP)(Pc) (M = Y, LaLu except Ce and Pm) and intermediate‐valent cerium Ce(TClPP)(Pc) were collected using laser excitation sources emitting at 632.8 and 785 nm. Comparison with the Raman spectra of corresponding bis(phthalocyaninato) rare earths reveals that the Raman characteristics of mixed‐ring double‐deckers are dominated by the phthalocyaninato‐metal fragment M(Pc) and phthalocyanine exists as the monoradical anion Pc•− in MIII(TClPP)(Pc) and the dianion Pc2− in Ce(TClPP)(Pc), respectively. With excitation at 632.8 nm, which is in close resonance with the main Q absorption band of the phthalocyanine ligand, a typical Raman marker band of the monoanion radical Pc•− was observed at 1512–1519 cm−1 as a weak band resulting from the coupling of pyrrole CC and aza CN stretchings. For Ce(TClPP)(Pc), a strong band at 1492 cm−1 with contributions from both pyrrole CC and aza CN stretchings and also isoindole stretching was the marker Raman band of Pc2−. When excited with laser radiation of 785 nm, which is far away from the main Q absorption band of the phthalocyanine ligand, the marker Raman band of Pc•− in MIII(TClPP)(Pc) is observed at 1495–1514 cm−1 and of Pc2− in Ce(TClPP)(Pc) at 1511 cm−1 as a strong band. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of the adsorption of the anthraquinone pigment alizarin on Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Cañamares M. V. , Garcia‐Ramos J. V. , Domingo C. , Sanchez‐Cortes S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFT‐Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy were applied in the vibrational characterization and study of the adsorption and acidity behavior of the highly fluorescent anthraquinone dye alizarin on Ag colloids prepared by chemical reduction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The SERS spectra were obtained at different conditions of pH, excitation wavelength and pigment concentration in order to deduce the adsorption mechanism of this molecule. On the basis of the results found we propose an adsorption model for alizarin, which has a different acidic behavior on the metal surface to that in solution. On the metal the deprotonation order of the OH groups changes with respect to the aqueous solution, the OH in position 1 being the first to be ionized instead of that in position 2 as occurs in solution. The two main alizarin forms identified on the metal surface correspond to the mono‐ and dianionic alizarin species. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved resonance Raman and density functional theory investigation of the 4‐biphenylnitrene dimerization reaction
Authors: Chan Pik Ying , Ong Shing Yau , But Tracy Yuen Sze , Phillips David Lee 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper reports time‐resolved resonance Raman spectra for the triplet 4‐biphenylnitrene and its reaction to form an azo dimer product (bis‐biphenyl‐4‐yldiazene) in acetonitrile solution. The properties of the triplet 4‐biphenylnitrenes were examined based on the results of UBPW91/cc‐PVDZ computations. 4‐Biphenylnitrene and its azo dimer product were also compared with results previously reported for the 4‐methoxyphenylnitrene and its azo dimer product, respectively. The substitution effect of p‐phenyl and p‐methoxy moieties on the structure and properties of arylnitrenes and azobenzenes are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NIR‐FT Raman and FT‐IR spectral studies and ab initio calculations of the anti‐cancer drug combretastatin‐A4
Authors: Binoy J. , Abraham Jose P. , Joe I. Hubert , Jayakumar V. S. , Pettit G. R. , Nielsen O. F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCombretastatin‐A4, a potential anti‐cancer drug in advanced preclinical development, is extracted from the medicinal plant Combretum caffrum. NIR‐FT Raman and FT‐IR spectral studies were carried out and ab initio calculations were performed at the HF/6–31G(d) level to derive equilibrium geometry and vibrational wavenumbers and intensities. The vibrational analysis shows that the molecule exhibits similar geometric behavior to cis‐stilbene, and has undergone steric repulsion resulting in phenyl ring twisting with respect to the ethylenic plane. The spectral behavior of the methoxy groups is influenced by the oxygen lone pair–aryl pz orbital conjugation and back‐donation. Chelation of the OH group with the oxygen lone pair of the methoxy group produces separate bands for free OH and associated OH vibrations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile aldehyde emissions from heated cooking oils
Authors: Fullana Andres , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A , Sidhu Sukh 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLow molecular weight aldehydes (LMWAs) formed during the heating of frying media (triglycerides) were adsorbed onto tenax and analyzed by GC‐MS after thermal desorption. Six alkanals (C5 to C10), seven 2‐alkenals (C5 to C11) and 3 alkadienals (C7, C9 and C10) were found in the fumes of canola oil (control), extra virgin olive oil, and refined olive oil, heated at 180 and 240 °C. The emission rates of these aldehydes depended on the heating temperature. Frying in any type of olive oil, independently of its commercial category, will effectively decrease the emission of volatile aldehydes at temperatures below the smoking point. Thus, using the cheaper olive oil for deep‐frying purposes will not affect aldehyde emissions. This is important since olive oil is usually used for deep‐frying operations while extra virgin olive oil is used as salad dressing in Spain. The mixture of refined olive oil with some virgin olive oil is the most acceptable type of olive oil in non‐Mediterranean countries due to its milder flavor. However, if higher temperatures are needed the use of canola oil is more advisable due to its higher smoke point. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionality of native and denatured cashew nut kernel protein isolates at isoelectric pH as a function of salt concentration
Authors: Bora Pushkar Singh , Neto Vicente Queiroga 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe reduced solubility of proteins near the isoelectric pH limits their use in food formulations whose pH lies in the range 5.0–6.0 because of poor functionality. In the present study, the effect of salt on the functionality of native and denatured cashew nut kernel protein isolates at the isoelectric pH was investigated. Both isolates showed improvement in their functional properties, but the improvement was greater for the denatured protein isolate. The solubilities of denatured and native protein isolates at the isoelectric pH increased from 26.4 g l−1 and 64 g l−1, respectively, without salt to maxima of 363 and 308 g l−1, respectively, at 0.75 M salt concentration. The water binding capacity of the isolates increased with increase in NaCl concentration from 1.70 ml g−1 to 1.77, 1.82, 1.92 and 2.2 ml g−1 for denatured protein isolate and from 1.45 ml g−1 to 1.65, 1.69, 1.82 and 1.97 ml g−1 for native protein isolate at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 M salt concentrations, respectively. When the properties of the isolates in 0.75 M NaCl solutions were compared with those in salt‐free water there were 15% and 116% increases in emulsifying capacity, 40‐fold and 45‐fold increases in emulsifying activity and 4.6‐fold and 40‐fold increases in emulsion stability for native and denatured protein isolates, respectively, whilst the corresponding foaming capacities increased from 4 to 5.5 and 0 to 8.9 ml g−1 protein. Statistically, no difference in the foaming capacity of either of the isolates was observed above 0.5 M NaCl. The foam stability also exhibited similar behaviour. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance of several Cr and Yb analytical techniques applied to samples of different biological origin (digesta or faeces)
Authors: Vicente Fernando , Sarraseca Armando , de Vega Antonio , Guada José A 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper compares the performance, in terms of Cr (liquid phase marker) and Yb (solid phase marker) recovery from spiked samples, of five mineralization procedures applied to faeces, whole duodenal digesta, particulate and liquid phases of duodenal digesta, whole ruminal digesta and ruminal fluid from cattle. Two Holstein–Friesian heifers, fitted with permanent ruminal and duodenal cannulae, and fed twice daily on barley straw and a concentrate (15:85), were used as sample donors. Cr and Yb were added to the samples at 5, 25, 125 and 625 µg g−1 dry matter, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. There were differences in marker recovery (p = 0.0481) depending on the mineralization procedure utilized but their performance was not affected by marker type (p = 0.6143). The interaction between type of sample and digestion procedure was statistically significant (p = 0.0290) and the results showed that homogeneous samples (whole duodenal digesta, the particulate phase of duodenal digesta and faeces) allowed the more even distribution of the marker and an easier and more complete mineralization. In contrast, heterogeneous samples (whole rumen digesta and rumen fluid) resulted in either a lesser attachment of markers to the particles and/or incomplete mineralization of the samples, which resulted in a higher variability between procedures. The interaction between type of sample and marker was also significant (p = 0.0426), with Cr recovery being more affected by type of sample than Yb. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of enzymes in diets with varying energy levels on growth and egg production performance of Japanese quail
Authors: Elangovan Arumbackam V , Mandal Asit B , Tyagi Pramod K , Tyagi Praveen K , Toppo Saroj , Johri Tripurari S 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed‐grade enzyme supplementation in diets with varying levels of energy on the performance of growing and laying Japanese quails. Day‐old Japanese quails, 504 in number, were subjected to six dietary treatments with six replicates at each treatment. Each replicate had 14 chicks. The dietary treatments consisted of three energy levels ie 12.15 MJ (2900 kcal), 11.30 MJ (2700 kcal) and 10.48 MJ (2500 kcal) ME kg−1 diet and two enzyme levels (0 and 0.5 g kg−1 diet). A metabolism trial was conducted at the fourth week of age. At the end of week 5, 10 quails (five of each sex) per treatment were sacrificed for carcass characteristics and 20 female quails from each of the six dietary groups were housed in individual laying cages and fed respective layer diet to study the laying performance and egg quality up to 20 weeks of age. Body weight gains of quails fed 12.15 MJ or 11.30 MJ ME kg−1 diets were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those fed diets with 10.46 MJ ME kg−1 diet. Feed intake was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in birds that received diet with 12.15 MJ ME kg−1 than in birds that diets containing either 11.30 or 10.46 MJ ME kg−1 diet. Feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) was best at 12.15, followed by 11.30 and 10.46 MJ ME kg−1 diet. Enzyme supplementation did not improve the growth performance, feed intake or feed conversion efficiency of quails. Enzyme addition also did not influence nitrogen retention or energy or dry matter metabolizability. The carcass characteristics did not differ because of energy or enzyme supplementation. Feed intake increased significantly (p < 0.01) as the dietary energy level decreased. The egg production and quality characteristics remained almost similar in all the dietary treatments. It was concluded that the optimum dietary energy level for quail was 12.15 MJ (2900 kcal) ME kg−1 during the growing phase and 11.30 MJ (2700 kcal) ME kg−1 during the laying phase. Addition of feed enzymes to conventional diets containing varying levels of maize, soyabean meal, fish meal and deoiled rice bran was not beneficial to improve growth, carcass traits, egg production performance or nutrient utilization. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Iberian ham headspace: odorants of intermuscular fat and differences with lean
Authors: Carrapiso Ana I , García Carmen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe odorants from the intermuscular fat of Iberian ham were characterised for the first time and compared with those of the lean. A headspace extraction method and gas chromatography–olfactometry based on the detection frequency method were used. Compounds contributing to intermuscular fat odour were aldehydes (9), ketones (3), esters (2), nitrogen‐containing compounds (2), and one alcohol (1‐octen‐3‐ol). Eight odorants were identified for the first time as constituents of dry‐cured ham fat. The most potent odorants were hexanal and (Z)‐3‐hexenal, 3‐methylbutanal, 1‐octen‐3‐one and 1‐octen‐3‐ol and 2‐methylpropanal. Significant differences with odorants from the lean of the same hams were found; the largest differences appeared in sulfur‐containing compounds (specifically hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and 2‐methyl‐3‐furanthiol), which seem not to contribute to fat odour but are some of the most potent odorants of lean. Significant and large differences were also found for other compounds such as 1‐octen‐3‐one and 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl 2‐methylpropanoate, 2‐pentanone and 2,3‐butanedione. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry