bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tidally‐Modulated Turbidity and Density Fluctuations in a Rotationally‐Modified Gravity Current
Authors: Masoud Mina , Pawlowicz Rich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRotationally‐modified gravity currents are known to occur on the ocean bottom in many locations around the world. Although their time scales are long enough that the Coriolis force is important in their dynamics, tidal forcing may also play a role in intermediate‐term variability by periodically enhancing or diminishing the flow and bottom friction, although the importance and implications of this variability has not previously been studied. Here we investigate hourly‐to‐tidal variations in the turbidity and density of intermittent gravity currents associated with deep‐water renewal events in the Strait of Georgia, Canada. We find that features such as the height and magnitude of the gravity current's nose, as well as bottom stress, undergo tidal variations, and that sediment resuspension largely occurs at the times of greatest stress at peak flood, with highest turbidities occurring in the hours following that peak. Larger particles soon settle again, but smaller ones can remain suspended. In addition, there is a significant tidally‐driven lateral advection of the gravity current, which results in density fluctuations in observations at a fixed location.
Reconstructability of Open‐Ocean Upper‐Layer Dynamics From Surface Observations Using Surface Quasigeostrophy (SQG) Theory
Authors: Liu Lei , Yu Xiaolong , Xue Huijie , Xiu Peng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough previous studies suggest that the surface quasigeostrophy (SQG) theory is practically applicable for subsurface reconstruction from sea surface observations, they mostly examine the reconstructability of density but seldom evaluate the velocities. Meanwhile, these studies all focus on the regions of energetic kinetic energy, and observational validation of the SQG reconstructability has been lacking in relatively quiescent mid‐ocean regions. We perform such validation in a typical open‐ocean area of the Northeast Atlantic, using a SQG‐based “interior plus surface quasigeostrophic” (isQG) method. The inputs to isQG include satellite‐derived sea surface height, temperature and salinity. The reconstructed density and horizontal velocities are assessed against long‐term in situ observations. Overall, reasonable isQG reconstructability is found during the period with elevated mesoscale activities. In particular, when satellite‐derived sea surface density anomaly (SSDA) is consistent with its in situ counterpart, the reconstructed density captures the observed mesoscale signals reasonably well, including the period with the density anomaly changing sign with depth. However, the density reconstruction is considerably degraded when the satellite‐derived SSDA has large uncertainties. The horizontal velocity reconstruction is less affected by the SSDA uncertainty, and shows a better resemblance to the observation. Using the reconstructed variables, we further diagnose vertical velocities, wisQG, via the three‐dimensional QG omega equation, and compare them to the mooring‐based vertical velocities, wmo, estimated through the nondiffusive density equation. During a 1‐month period with the best reconstructions of density and horizontal velocity, wisQG well reproduce the persistent downwelling pattern of wmo associated with the geostrophic kinematic deformation forcing.
Net Methane Production Predicted by Patch Characteristics in a Freshwater Wetland
Authors: Sharp Sean J. , Maietta Christine E. , Stewart Graham A. , Taylor Aileen K. , Williams Michael R. , Palmer Margaret A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMethane (CH4) dynamics in wetlands are spatially variable and difficult to estimate at ecosystem scales. Patches with different plant functional types (PFT) represent discrete units within wetlands that may help characterize patterns in CH4 variability. We investigate dissolved porewater CH4 concentrations, a representation of net CH4 production and potential source of atmospheric flux, in five wetland patches characterized by a dominant PFT or lack of plants. Using soil, porewater, and plant variables we hypothesized to influence CH4, we used three modeling approaches—Classification and regression tree, AIC model selection, and Structural Equation Modeling—to identify direct and indirect influences on porewater CH4 dynamics. Across all three models, dissolved porewater CO2 concentration was the dominant driver of CH4 concentrations, partly through the influence of PFT patches. Plants in each patch type likely had variable influence on CH4 via root exudates (a substrate for methanogens), capacity to transport gas (both O2 from and CH4 to the atmosphere), and plant litter quality which impacted soil respiration and production of CO2 in the porewater. We attribute the importance of CO2 to the dominant methanogenic pathway we identified, which uses CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor. We propose a mechanistic relationship between PFT patches and porewater CH4 dynamics which, when combined with sources of CH4 loss including methanotrophy, oxidation, or plant‐mediated transport, can provide patch‐scale estimates of CH4 flux. Combining these estimates with the distribution of PFTs can improve ecosystem CH4 flux estimates in heterogenous wetlands and improve global CH4 budgets.
Analysis of the Geoelectric Field in Sweden Over Solar Cycles 23 and 24: Spatial and Temporal Variability During Strong GIC Events
Authors: Lanabere V. , Dimmock A. P. , Rosenqvist L. , Juusola L. , Viljanen A. , Johlander A. , Odelstad E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGeomagnetic storms can produce large perturbations on the Earth magnetic field. Through complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, the geoelectric field (E) and geomagnetic field (B) are highly perturbed. The E is the physical driver of geomagnetically induced currents. However, a statistical study of the E in Sweden has never been done before. We combined geomagnetic data from the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects network in Northern Europe with a 3‐D structure of Earth's electrical conductivity in Sweden as the input of a 1‐D model to compute the E between 2000 and 2018. Northwestern Sweden presents statistically larger E magnitudes due to larger |dB/dt| variations in the north than in the south of Sweden and relative lower conductivity in the west compared to central and eastern Sweden. In contrast, the 15 strongest daily maximum |E| events present more frequently a maximum magnitude in central Sweden (62.25°N) and their relative strengths are not the same for all latitudes. These results highlight the different regional response to geomagnetic storms, which can be related to ground conductivity variability and the complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling mechanisms.
Horizontal Spatial Correlation of the Ionospheric Day‐To‐Day Variations at Low Latitudes Based on GOLD Nmax Data
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Zhong Jiahao , Hao Yongqiang , Wan Xin , Li Qiaoling , Tang Zijing , Song Xingyan , Han Hao , Wang Kang , Kuai Jiawei , Ren Aojun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeak electron density data derived from GOLD measurements during 2018–2022 are used to analyze the magnitudes and correlations of ionospheric diurnal variability at low latitudes. The correlation distance describes the correlations between spatial locations and is defined in this paper as the angular separation at which the correlation coefficient decreases from 1 to 0.7. Variations in correlation distance with local time, season, magnetic latitude, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity are discussed in this study. The average value of the zonal correlation distance is approximately 8.55° and 3.56° for the meridional direction at low geomagnetic latitudes (magnetic latitudes <30°). The statistical results indicate that both zonal and meridional correlation distances vary little with local time premidnight, while they show pronounced seasonal and latitudinal variations. Both zonal and meridional correlation distances increase with increasing solar activity and decrease with enhancing geomagnetic activity. The EIA strength and gradient mainly modulate the distributions of correlation distances related to magnetic latitude, season, and solar flux level. An empirical model is constructed to describe the temporal and spatial variations in the correlation distance at low latitudes. The study of correlation distances would contribute to a better understanding of ionospheric variability and improvements in data assimilation.
Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention and treatment
Authors: Lu Junjie , Xing Hui , Wang Chunhua , Tang Mengjun , Wu Changcheng , Ye Fan , Yin Lijuan , Yang Yang , Tan Wenjie , Shen Liang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2022, a global outbreak of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurred in various countries across Europe and America and rapidly spread to more than 100 countries and regions. The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread of the Mpox virus. Consequently, nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment strategies aimed at combating the infection and its dissemination. Nevertheless, the available therapeutic options for Mpox virus infection remain limited. So far, only a few numbers of antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities. Given the high mutability of the Mpox virus, certain mutant strains have shown resistance to existing pharmaceutical interventions. This highlights the urgent need to develop novel antiviral drugs that can combat both drug resistance and the potential threat of bioterrorism. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of Mpox. To address this issue, we conducted a review covering the physiological and pathological processes of Mpox infection, summarizing the latest progress of anti-Mpox drugs. Our analysis encompasses approved drugs currently employed in clinical settings, as well as newly identified small-molecule compounds and antibody drugs displaying potential antiviral efficacy against Mpox. Furthermore, we have gained valuable insights from the process of Mpox drug development, including strategies for repurposing drugs, the discovery of drug targets driven by artificial intelligence, and preclinical drug development. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on Mpox.
Success and safety of deep sedation as a primary anaesthetic approach for transvenous lead extraction: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Schiedat Fabian , Fischer Julian , Aweimer Assem , Schöne Dominik , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Hanefeld Christoph , Mügge Andreas , Kloppe Axel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a rising number in complications associated with more cardiac electrical devices implanted (CIED). Infection and lead dysfunction are reasons to perform transvenous lead extraction. An ideal anaesthetic approach has not been described yet. Most centres use general anaesthesia, but there is a lack in studies looking into deep sedation (DS) as an anaesthetic approach. We report our retrospective experience for a large number of procedures performed with deep sedation as a primary approach. Extraction procedures performed between 2011 and 2018 in our electrophysiology laboratory have been included retrospectively. We began by applying a bolus injection of piritramide followed by midazolam as primary medication and would add etomidate if necessary. For extraction of leads a stepwise approach with careful traction, locking stylets, dilator sheaths, mechanical rotating sheaths and if needed snares and baskets has been used. A total of 780 leads in 463 patients (age 69.9 ± 12.3, 31.3% female) were extracted. Deep sedation was successful in 97.8% of patients. Piritramide was used as the main analgesic medication (98.5%) and midazolam as the main sedative (94.2%). Additional etomidate was administered in 15.1% of cases. In 2.2% of patients a conversion to general anaesthesia was required as adequate level of DS was not achieved before starting the procedure. Sedation related complications occurred in 1.1% (n = 5) of patients without sequalae. Deep sedation with piritramide, midazolam and if needed additional etomidate is a safe and feasible strategy for transvenous lead extraction.
Maximum correentropy-based robust Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter for vehicular cooperative navigation
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Xiaotong , Ding Wei , Zhang Heming , Liu Ao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs the core method of cooperative navigation, relative positioning plays a key role in realizing intelligent vehicle driving and vehicle self-assembling network collaboration algorithms. However, when the contamination rate of measurement noise is high, the performance of filtering will be seriously affected. To better address the filtering performance degradation problem due to noise contamination, this paper proposes a vehicular cooperative localization method based on the Maximum Correentropy Robust Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (MCSCKF). The algorithm not only retains the advantages of Square-root Cubature Kalman Filter (SCKF) but also has strong robustness to non-Gaussian noise. The experimental results of tightly integrated vehicular cooperative navigation show that compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF), the localization accuracy of MCSCKF is improved by 35.08% and 31.83%, respectively, which verified the effectiveness in improving the accuracy and robustness of the relative position estimation.
Psychometric analysis of the body responsiveness questionnaire in the Portuguese population
Authors: Torres Sandra , Vieira Ana Isabel , Vieira Filipa Mucha , Lencastre Leonor , Guerra Marina Prista , Miller Kylee M. , Barbosa Maria Raquel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBody responsiveness refers to the tendency to be attuned to the body’s needs and use interoceptive information to guide behavior. Despite its potential beneficial effect on the development of positive body image, this construct is currently understudied. To boost research in this area, we examined the factor structure, gender invariance, and psychometric properties of a Portuguese translation of the Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ). A total of 650 men and women (aged 18–80 years) completed the Portuguese BRQ. To assess its convergent validity, participants also completed measures of body appreciation, emotion regulation, depression symptoms, and psychological quality of life. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure of the BRQ, which was upheld using confirmatory factor analysis: “Importance of Interoceptive Awareness” (ω = .85–.87) and “Perceived Connection” between body and mind (ω = .71–.74). BRQ scores had partial scalar invariance across gender, and no significant gender differences. Convergent and known-groups validity was supported. Participants with overweight/obesity (vs. normal weight) and middle-aged adults (vs. young adults) assigned higher importance to body signals to guide behavior. The Portuguese version of the BRQ is a psychometrically sound measure of body responsiveness and it may contribute to a comprehensive assessment of positive body image to guide intervention.
Small-molecule inhibition of kinesin KIF18A reveals a mitotic vulnerability enriched in chromosomally unstable cancers
Authors: Payton Marc , Belmontes Brian , Hanestad Kelly , Moriguchi Jodi , Chen Kui , McCarter John D. , Chung Grace , Ninniri Maria Stefania , Sun Jan , Manoukian Raffi , Chambers Stuart , Ho Seok-Man , Kurzeja Robert J. M. , Edson Katheryne Z. , Dahal Upendra P. , Wu Tian , Wannberg Sharon , Beltran Pedro J. , Canon Jude , Boghossian Andrew S. , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Minocherhomji Sheroy , Bourbeau Matthew P. , Allen Jennifer R. , Coxon Angela , Tamayo Nuria A. , Hughes Paul E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer, caused by persistent errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Aggressive cancers like high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a high frequency of CIN and TP53 mutations. Here, we show that inhibitors of the KIF18A motor protein activate the mitotic checkpoint and selectively kill chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Sensitivity to KIF18A inhibition is enriched in TP53-mutant HGSOC and TNBC cell lines with CIN features, including in a subset of CCNE1-amplified, CDK4–CDK6-inhibitor-resistant and BRCA1-altered cell line models. Our KIF18A inhibitors have minimal detrimental effects on human bone marrow cells in culture, distinct from other anti-mitotic agents. In mice, inhibition of KIF18A leads to robust anti-cancer effects with tumor regression observed in human HGSOC and TNBC models at well-tolerated doses. Collectively, our results provide a rational therapeutic strategy for selective targeting of CIN cancers via KIF18A inhibition.
Insight into ferromagnetic interactions in CuII–LnIII dimers with a compartmental ligand
Authors: Panja Anangamohan , Paul Sagar , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Herchel Radovan , Jana Narayan Ch. , Brandão Paula , Novitchi Ghenadie , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2023

A series of heterobimetallic ferromagnetically coupled CuII-LnIII systems with a new compartmental Schiff base ligand has been explored by SQUID and μ-SQUID studies. CASSCF calculations allow quantitative assessment of the interactions, which are further supported by BS-DFT calculations.
Automatic multiclass classification of laryngeal cancer using deep convolution neural networks
Authors: Munirathinam Ramesh , Tamilnidhi M. , Thangaraj Rajasekaran , Eswaran Sivaraman , Chandrasekaran Gokul , Kumar Neelam Sanjeev 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, the classification of laryngeal cancer is attempted using deeply learned features obtained using Inception V3, Squeezenet, and VGG‐16 embedders in the Orange toolbox. Machine learning algorithms such as KNN, SVM, random forest, decision tree, and neural network classifiers are employed to classify the stages or categories of laryngeal cancer. The ranking of deep learning feature values is carried out using state‐of‐the‐art metrics such as information gain, information gain ratio, chi‐square, and reliefF. It is observed that the performance of the algorithms is affected by the cross‐validation.
Logarithmic singularity subtraction for matrix‐friendly layered medium Green's functions
Authors: Wang Shuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA subtraction procedure is proposed to evaluate the logarithmic singularity for matrix‐friendly layered medium Green's functions. In this subtraction procedure, an integral of the Bessel function combined with the exponential function and power function, where the sum of the power of and the order of the Bessel function is −1, is designed to fit the oscillation of the tail integral. After subtracting the designed integral, the integrand of the remainder decreases rapidly. Accordingly, the remainder can be calculated without finding any surface poles or steepest descent path, while the subtracted part can be calculated analytically. Several numerical examples are provided to reveal the feasibility and the accuracy of the proposed method.
Intelligent ADRC‐based inertia control for offshore wind farm
Authors: Li Tai , Sun Sunan , Li Mengjie , Cheng Liang , Ji Zhicheng , Shen Yanxia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms based on auto disturbance rejection controller with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. First, based on the system frequency dynamic response equation, an active disturbance rejection controller is designed according to the non‐linear feedback control law and the extended state observer to improve the anti‐interference capability of the virtual inertia control system. Second, in order to solve the problem of difficulty in tuning the parameters of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), an ABC algorithm based on nectar collection behaviour was proposed to iteratively optimize the parameters of ADRC. Finally, the proposed control method is effectively verified based on Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed ABC‐ADRC can effectively control the rotor speed to adjust the frequency of the power grid system, achieve power sharing and adaptive noise elimination, reduce the complexity of parameter settings, not only improve anti‐interference ability, but also enhance the robustness of the system.
Aesthetic Outcomes of Rhinoplasty Performed in the Early Posttrauma Period after Nasal Bone Fracture
Authors: Liao Pei-Hsun , Go Junyong , Fung Chak Yuen , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe optimal timing of rhinoplasty for patients with nasal bone fractures remains controversial. We investigated whether the timing of rhinoplasty after nasal trauma affects the aesthetic outcome of the procedure. A total of 41 adult patients with nasal bone fractures who underwent rhinoplasty between 2006 and 2021 were enrolled in this study. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to indicate the assessor's satisfaction with the surgical outcome after a comparison of the pre- and postoperative facial photographs of each patient. Of the 41 patients, 28 underwent rhinoplasty within 14 days after nasal trauma (early rhinoplasty group), whereas 13 underwent rhinoplasty more than 14 days after nasal trauma (late rhinoplasty group). The rate of receiving spreader and shield graft was higher in the late rhinoplasty group (p = 0.043 and 0.018, respectively). Patients with type IV or V nasal bone fracture and patients with preoperative saddle noses had higher VAS scores than those with types I to III fractures and those without preoperative saddle nose (p = 0.003 and 0.020, respectively). There was no significant difference in overall aesthetic outcome between the early and late rhinoplasty groups. Both groups achieved significantly better radix height, dorsal height, and tip projection after rhinoplasty. The aesthetic outcome of rhinoplasty performed in the early posttrauma period is comparable with that of rhinoplasty performed more than 2 weeks after nasal bone fracture. Rhinoplasty can be considered a safe surgical treatment option for nasal bone fracture, even in the early posttrauma period.
Level of Evidence: 4.