bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of crowdsourced observations for urban climate services
Authors: Mitchell Timothy D. , Fry Matthew J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCrowdsourced observation networks are typically much more dense than those maintained by National Meteorological Services, and sample a much wider range of local climates. This offers an opportunity to build observed climatologies that are more representative of lived experience, particularly in cities. This study provides a worked example to show their potential for improving operational climate services, and to identify the challenges to realizing that potential. To demonstrate the concept, data from personal weather stations, obtained through citizen science, are used to build an observed record of daily maximum temperatures in 2020 in Manchester (UK). This record is compared to the standard baseline used in a current climate service, showing a substantial increase in the estimated heat hazard. If such potential benefits are to be realized in a climate service, it will be necessary to first build an alternative observed baseline of decadal length and at national or international scale. This requires further work to acquire, quality‐control, exposure‐control and map the crowdsourced observations.
Generating weather pattern definitions over South Africa suitable for future use in impact‐orientated medium‐range forecasting
Authors: Ireland Lewis G. , Robbins Joanne , Neal Robert , Barciela Rosa , Gilbert Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work aims to define a set of representative weather patterns for South Africa that can be utilized to support impact‐based forecasting of heatwave events. Sets of weather patterns have been generated using k‐means clustering on daily ERA5 reanalysis data between 1979 and 2020. Different pattern sets were generated by varying the clustering atmospheric variable, the spatial domain and the number of weather patterns. These weather patterns are evaluated using the explained variation score to assess their ability to represent the variability of the maximum daily 2m temperature (Tmax,2m). The results indicate that a set of 30 weather patterns generated using mean sea‐level pressure, with a clustering domain in the range 15°–34°E and 21°–36°S, provides a reasonable representation of Tmax,2m variability across South Africa. The implementation of an appropriate weather pattern set into a medium‐range forecasting tool has the potential to extend the prediction of high‐impact weather events in South Africa, such as heatwaves, and also highlight specific impacts on the population, for example, food and water insecurity, heat exhaustion or energy and transport impacts.
Self‐Compression of Ultrahigh‐Peak‐Power Lasers
Authors: Chen Renjing , Liang Wenhai , Xu Yilin , Shen Xiong , Wang Peng , Liu Jun , Li Ruxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPulse self‐compression can offer a more compact and efficient solution for improving the peak power of ultraintense laser pulses. By solving a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation considering the fifth‐order susceptibility, it is found that self‐compression occurred even in a normally dispersive medium owing to the negative fifth‐order susceptibility inducing a mass of negative frequency chirp. Furthermore, negatively prechirped pulses enabled self‐compression at lower intensities, thus preventing damage to the medium. The optimal choices for prechirp, input intensity, and medium length are numerically analyzed. A proof‐of‐principle experiment confirmed the aforementioned theoretical findings. It is expected that petawatt or even exawatt laser pulses with 25 fs/15 fs transform‐limited pulse duration can be self‐compressed to ≈ 9.9 fs/7.6 fs in normally dispersive media, such as fused silica glass plate.
New users of anxiolytics and sedatives in Sweden—Drug type, doses, prescribers' characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidity in more than 750,000 patients
Authors: Dahlén Elin , Bardage Carola , Tuvendal Paulina , Ljung Rickard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesAnxiety and sleep disorders are common in the population and anxiolytics and sedatives are widely used. Our aim was to describe the drug utilization of new users of anxiolytics and sedatives in adults including type of drug, doses, prescribers' characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidity.MethodsA register‐based cohort study of new users (18–64 years) of anxiolytics and sedatives in 2015–2019, free of any such drug 5 years prior to inclusion. The individuals were linked to national registers on dispensed drugs and recorded diagnoses.ResultsIn total, 764,432 new users of anxiolytics and sedatives were identified, which corresponds to an incidence of 26/1000 inhabitants and year. The proportion of new users of benzodiazepines (including both anxiolytics and sedatives) decreased, whereas the proportion of sedative antihistamines and melatonin increased. The most common drug dispensed was hydroxizin (33%) followed by benzodiazepine related drugs (zopiclone and zolpidem; 20%), propiomazine (14%) and benzodiazepines (13%). The majority (68%) of the prescriptions were from primary care. Most new users were prescribed 1–30DDDs and 52% among women and 49% among men were dispensed their drug only once during the first year. Half of the new users had a previous comorbid psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsThe findings are well reflecting the recommendations in national guidelines.
Multinuclear 1H/13C/15N chemical shift assignment of therapeutic octreotide acetate performed at natural abundance
Authors: Menke Alexander J. , Chen Fu , Chen Kang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOctreotide acetate, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the long‐acting release (LAR) drug product Sandostatin®, is a cyclic octapeptide that mimics the naturally occurring somatostatin peptide hormone. Modern NMR can be a robust analytical method to identify and quantify octreotide molecules. Previous 1H chemical shift assignments were mostly performed in organic solvents, and no assignments for heteronuclear 13C, 15N, and aromatic 1H nuclei are available. Here, using state‐of‐the‐art 1D and 2D homo‐ and heteronuclear NMR experiments, octreotide was fully assigned, including water exchangeable amide protons, in aqueous buffer except for 13CO and 15NH of F1, 15NH of C2, and 15NζHζ of K5 that were not observed because of water exchange or conformational exchange. The solution NMR spectra were then directly compared with 1D 1H/13C/15N solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) spectra showing the potential applicability of 13C/15N SSNMR for octreotide drug product characterization.
Pilot study of a virtual weight management program for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Billich Natassja , Bray Paula , Truby Helen , Evans Maureen , Carroll Kate , de Valle Katy , Adams Justine , Kennedy Rachel A. , Villano Daniella , Kornberg Andrew J. , Yiu Eppie M. , Ryan Monique M. , Davidson Zoe E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsYoung people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are at increased risk of obesity. Weight management is important to families; however, several barriers exist. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a co‐designed weight management program for DMD.MethodsThe Supporting Nutrition and Optimizing Wellbeing Program (SNOW‐P) was a single‐arm diet and behavior weight management intervention delivered via weekly telehealth/phone visits over 6 weeks to young people with DMD and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile) and their caregivers. Using an online survey, caregivers of boys with DMD were consulted on the structure and topics delivered in SNOW‐P. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability; secondary outcomes were weight, physical function, and quality of life at 6‐ and 12‐weeks follow‐up.ResultsOf nineteen eligible participants, eight were enrolled (median age 11.4 years, range 4.9–15.8), and seven completed the program. Visit attendance was high (88%–100%); most participants reported high satisfaction and that participation was easy. Suggested changes included online and visual DMD‐specific resources. At 6‐weeks, median change in weight z‐scores was −0.01 (IQR: −0.23, 0.17) indicating that on average, weight gain tracked as expected for age. Waist circumference measured by caregivers lacked accuracy and the completion rate of caregiver‐reported secondary outcome measures (e.g., food diaries) was low.DiscussionA co‐designed, telehealth/phone weight management program appeared to be feasible and acceptable in a small group of boys with DMD. An adapted, hybrid telehealth and face‐to‐face program is recommended for efficacy testing.
Probabilistic relative entropy in elasto‐plasticity using the iterative generalized stochastic stress‐based Finite Element Method
Authors: Kamiński Marcin , Bredow Rafał 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe generalized iterative stochastic perturbation approach to the stress‐based Finite Element Method has been proposed in this work. This approach is completed using the complementary energy principle, Taylor expansion of the general order applicable to all random functions and parameters as well as nodal polynomial response bases determined with the use of the Least Squares Method. The main aim of this elaboration is the usage of such a probabilistic approach to determine Bhattacharyya relative entropy for some nonlinear engineering stress analysis with uncertainty. Mathematical apparatus with its numerical implementation has been used to study elastoplastic torsion of some prismatic bar with Gaussian material uncertainty and the corresponding reliability measures. This problem has been solved using the Constant Stress Triangular (CST) plane finite elements, the modified Newton–Raphson algorithm, whereas the first four probabilistic characteristics resulting from the iterative generalized stochastic perturbation method have been contrasted with these obtained with the crude Monte‐Carlo sampling and the semi‐analytical probabilistic approach.
Innovative and sustainable synthesis and structure of novel N‐substituted hexahydroacridine derivatives
Authors: Vinoth Nangagoundan , Kalaiarasi Chinnasamy , Lalitha Appaswami 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn efficient and green synthesis of tetramethyl‐10‐(phenylamino)‐3,4,6,7,9,10‐hexahydroacridine‐1,8(2H,5H)‐dione derivatives has been achieved from various substituted aryl aldehydes, 5,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(2‐phenylhydrazinyl)cyclohex‐2‐enone and dimedone in aqueous ethanol medium. Environment‐friendly reaction, excellent yields, operational simplicity and shorter reaction times are the significant features of the present protocol. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and X‐ray crystal diffraction studies.
Cover Image
Authors: Lu Lan , Wang Jingya , Wang Chongrui , Zhu Jie , Wang Hongping , Liao Li , Zhao Yuting , Wang Xiaobo , Yang Chen , He Zhengyou , Li Mingxing 
Published: February 2024

The cover image is based on the Review Plant‐derived virulence arresting drugs as novel antimicrobial agents: Discovery, perspective, and challenges in clinical use by Lan Lu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8072.image
Sampled‐data control of time‐delay uncertain systems with uncontrollable/unobservable linearization by memoryless feedback
Authors: Zhao Congran , Lin Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSampled‐data control problems via memoryless state and output feedback are studied, respectively, for a class of strongly nonlinear systems with state and input delays. Under sample and hold, both state and output feedback control schemes are developed by virtue of the emulation method, the adding a power integrator technique, and the recursive design of nonlinear observers. With the aid of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional theorem, together with the idea of robust control, we prove that the proposed sampled‐data state and output feedback controllers make the hybrid closed‐loop systems with delays and uncertainty globally asymptotically stable, if the input delay and sampling period are limited. The class of time‐delay uncertain systems under consideration goes beyond the Lipschitz or linear growth condition and is genuinely nonlinear in the sense that it contains uncontrollable/unobservable linearization and is not stabilizable, even locally, by any linear or smooth feedback. Applications of the sampled‐data robust control schemes presented in this article are illustrated by examples with simulations.
Intermittent monitoring‐based adaptive fault‐tolerant control for uncertain nonlinear systems with actuator switching
Authors: Sun Chen , Lin Yan , Li Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with actuator failure, in which a healthy actuator is available as a backup. Instead of monitoring the failure in real‐time, an intermittent monitoring mechanism (IMM) is proposed by designing a set of monitoring functions operating only at discrete time instants, which makes the proposed scheme more applicable for networked control systems for which the actuator status has to be monitored via network. An adaptive backstepping controller is designed with the errors being modified to include shifting functions. Once actuator failure is detected by the monitoring functions, the actuator is switched to its backup and the controller is reconfigured by updating the shifting functions so that the tracking error can be driven into the prescribed performance in a given time.
Bisubstrate Uridine‐Mimetic‐Peptide Conjugates as O‐GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) Inhibitors
Authors: Makwana Vivek , Sood Radhika , Malde Alpeshkumar K. , Anoopkumar‐Dukie Shailendra , Rudrawar Santosh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractO‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) is the pivotal mammalian enzyme that serves as a nutrient sensor, linking metabolic status to diverse cellular signalling pathways by catalyzing N‐acetylglucosamine transfer to various proteins and detects fluctuations in UDP‐GlcNAc concentrations. Increased UDP‐GlcNAc levels induce O‐GlcNAcylation of proteins, influencing the stability and localization of biomolecules, including transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, tumour suppressors, and histone‐modifying proteins. Dysregulation and excessive OGT expression can adversely impact cellular processes. The lack of potent and selective inhibitors for OGT has impeded the progress in understanding the enzyme and its molecular mechanisms. This research article details the successful development and synthesis of a series of bisubstrate analogue inhibitors, specifically focusing on inhibiting the O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme. Compound 29 emerged as a promising inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 134.40 μM in in‐vitro assays. The study emphasizes the crucial role of the acceptor substrate analogue in bisubstrate inhibitor design, highlighting its equal importance alongside the donor substrate analogue. While donor substrate mimetics alone exhibited limited inhibition, their conjugation with appropriate peptides significantly enhanced the overall potency of the final bisubstrate inhibitor. Particularly, peptide derivatives proved superior as acceptor substrate analogues compared to normal substrate peptides. Preliminary data suggest the potential of uridine‐mimetics, like Q6S and Q4 C, following scaffold structure refinement. In‐silico predictions propose that replacing pyrophosphate with a flexible linker substantially improves physicochemical properties relevant to cell permeation. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into designing and optimizing bisubstrate analogue inhibitors for OGT, revealing potential avenues for further refinement and development.
Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial and Food‐Preserving Hydrogel Nanocomposite Films Based on Carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Elmehbad Noura Y. , Mohamed Nadia A. , El‐Ghany Nahed A. Abd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe microbial resistance to the traditional antibiotics causes serious health problems and increases day by day. Thus, there is a pressing need to discover alternative antimicrobial agents of different nature than that of the conventional antibiotics. For this, novel hydrogel nanocomposite films are prepared by chemical crosslinking grafting of carboxymethyl cellulose with N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (CMC‐g‐MBA), which subsequently followed by loading two different weight ratios of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), such as 3% (CMC‐g‐MBA/TiO2NPs‐3%) and 5% (CMC‐g‐MBA/TiO2NPs‐5%) wt%. Their chemical structure and surface morphology are confirmed using appropriate analytical techniques. Their antimicrobial activity can be arranged as follows: CMC‐g‐MBA/TiO2NPs‐5% composite > CMC‐g‐MBA/TiO2NPs‐3% composite > CMC‐g‐MBA hydrogel. While, the native CMC has no observable antimicrobial effect. CMC‐g‐MBA/TiO2NPs‐3% composite imparts good barrier properties to the coated tomato fruits, delaying their spoilage and protecting them from the environmental microbes compared to the uncoated ones. CMC‐g‐MBA/TiO2NPs‐5% composite is safe on the normal human cells. Thus, incorporation of both MBA and TiO2NPs into CMC greatly develops its antimicrobial activity and provides a wonderful approach to attain promising materials that can efficiently compete with conventional antibiotics.
Supercritical CO2 fluid extract from Stellariae Radix ameliorates 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene‐induced atopic dermatitis by inhibit M1 macrophages polarization via AMPK activation
Authors: Wu Wei , Song Le , Wang Hong , Feng Lu , Li Zhenkai , Li Yanqing , Li Le , Peng Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractYin chai hu (Radix Stellariae) is a root medicine that is frequently used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat fever and malnutrition. In modern medicine, it has been discovered to have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐allergic, and anticancer properties. In a previous study, we were able to extract lipids from Stellariae Radix using supercritical CO2 extraction (SRE), and these sterol lipids accounted for up to 88.29% of the extract. However, the impact of SRE on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not yet been investigated. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of SRE on AD development using a 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)‐induced AD mouse model. Treatment with SRE significantly reduced the dermatitis score and histopathological changes compared with the DNCB group. The study found that treatment with SRE resulted in a decrease of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, CXC‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐1β in skin lesions. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SRE effectively suppressed M1 macrophage infiltration into the AD lesion. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory effect of SRE was evaluated in LPS + INF‐γ induced bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) M1 polarization, SRE inhibited the production of TNF‐α, CXC‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐1β and decreased the expression of NLRP3. Additionally, SRE was found to increase p‐AMPKT172, but had no effect on total AMPK expression, after administration of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, the inhibitory effect of SRE on M1 macrophages was partially reversed. The results indicate that SRE has an inhibitory effect on AD, making it a potential therapeutic agent for this atopic disorder.
Expression of Concern: Garlic (Allium sativum) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powder: Investigation of performance, immune organs and humoural and cellular immune response in broilers
Authors: Noruzi Hadi , Aziz‐Aliabadi Fatemeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlternatives to antibiotics have been suggested by banning their use in the poultry industry. Garlic and mushroom are two important phytobiotic compounds in poultry nutrition.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with garlic and mushroom powder (MP) on growth performance, humoural and cellular immunity, and white blood cell counts of broiler chickens.MethodsFive hundred and seventy‐six 1‐day‐old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to 8 treatments with 6 replications (12 birds per replication) based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 4 × 2 with 4 levels of garlic powder (GP; 0.00%, 0.50%, 1.00%, and 1.50%) and two levels of MP (0.00% and 1.00%).ResultsNo significant effects of GP and MP on the growth performance and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity were observed (p > 0.05). According to the regression equation, with increasing levels of GP in the diets, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus increased (p < 0.05). The effect of increasing levels of GP on the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titre was greater in the absence of MP (p < 0.05). With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the percentages of lymphocytes and heterophils to lymphocytes ratio increased and reduced, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis experiment has revealed that increasing the level of GP improved the immune response of broilers without affecting performance. The effect of increasing the level of GP on the NDV titre was more significant in the absence of MP.
Single large enterolith in a cat with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Thong Patricia , Wolfenden Guy , Sugiyama Takanori , Neo Jacelyn , Hopper Belinda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, male, neutered, domestic shorthair cat with a history of chronic intermittent vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation was referred for abdominal ultrasound of a mid‐abdominal mass identified on palpation. Findings included a densely shadowing structure within the distal ileum with severe local muscularis thickening, mild diffuse small intestinal muscularis thickening, and an enlarged right ileocolic lymph node. Abdominal radiographs showed the structure to be most consistent with an enterolith. Enterolithiasis is a rare condition in companion animals, but common in horses and selected populations of human patients. Enterectomy was performed, and histopathology results of intestinal biopsies were consistent with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Chemical analysis of the enterolith revealed a predominantly calcium phosphate composition. At the 3‐month follow‐up, the cat had gained weight and showed marked improvement in gastrointestinal signs. Screening for underlying structural intestinal disease may be beneficial in cats diagnosed with enteroliths.