bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periplasmic chitooligosaccharide-binding protein requires a three-domain organization for substrate translocation
Authors: Ohnuma Takayuki , Tsujii Jun , Kataoka Chikara , Yoshimoto Teruki , Takeshita Daijiro , Lampela Outi , Juffer André H. , Suginta Wipa , Fukamizo Tamo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeriplasmic solute-binding proteins (SBPs) specific for chitooligosaccharides, (GlcNAc)n (n = 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), are involved in the uptake of chitinous nutrients and the negative control of chitin signal transduction in Vibrios. Most translocation processes by SBPs across the inner membrane have been explained thus far by two-domain open/closed mechanism. Here we propose three-domain mechanism of the (GlcNAc)n translocation based on experiments using a recombinant VcCBP, SBP specific for (GlcNAc)n from Vibrio cholerae. X-ray crystal structures of unliganded or (GlcNAc)3-liganded VcCBP solved at 1.2–1.6 Å revealed three distinct domains, the Upper1, Upper2 and Lower domains for this protein. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the motions of the three domains are independent and that in the (GlcNAc)3-liganded state the Upper2/Lower interface fluctuated more intensively, compared to the Upper1/Lower interface. The Upper1/Lower interface bound two GlcNAc residues tightly, while the Upper2/Lower interface appeared to loosen and release the bound sugar molecule. The three-domain mechanism proposed here was fully supported by binding data obtained by thermal unfolding experiments and ITC, and may be applicable to other translocation systems involving SBPs belonging to the same cluster.
An evolutionary game for the behavior of third-party evaluators in pension public–private partnership incorporating public participation
Authors: Yue Xianghua , Durrani Shahzad Khan , Zhao Shikuan , Li Fuda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the impact of public participation on the choice of third-party evaluators' behavior strategies during the service quality supervision process of China's pension public–private partnership project. An evolutionary game model between third-party evaluators and government regulators is developed, wherein the evolution rule of the two sides and public participation’s influence on their behavior under the two different conditions are analyzed, and a numerical simulation is carried out using MATLAB 2016a. It is found that third-party evaluators may choose the false evaluation strategy without public participation because of the inducement of rent-seeking or insufficient government punishment when the regulatory revenue of the government regulatory agencies is less than the regulatory cost. In contrast, in the case of public participation, the true evaluation strategy is chosen with an improvement in the level of public participation or an increase in reputation incentive. This suggests the construction and improvement of a third-party evaluation system, which shows that the construction of the service quality supervision system in China’s pension PPP project has a large operating space.
Evidence for involvement of the alcohol consumption WDPCP gene in lipid metabolism, and liver cirrhosis
Authors: O’Farrell Felix , Aleyakpo Benjamin , Mustafa Rima , Jiang Xiyun , Pinto Rui Climaco , Elliott Paul , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Dehghan Abbas , Loh Samantha H. Y. , Barclay Jeff W. , Martins L. Miguel , Pazoki Raha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiological pathways between alcohol consumption and alcohol liver disease (ALD) are not fully understood. We selected genes with known effect on (1) alcohol consumption, (2) liver function, and (3) gene expression. Expression of the orthologs of these genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster was suppressed using mutations and/or RNA interference (RNAi). In humans, association analysis, pathway analysis, and Mendelian randomization analysis were performed to identify metabolic changes due to alcohol consumption. In C. elegans, we found a reduction in locomotion rate after exposure to ethanol for RNAi knockdown of ACTR1B and MAPT. In Drosophila, we observed (1) a change in sedative effect of ethanol for RNAi knockdown of WDPCP, TENM2, GPN1, ARPC1B, and SCN8A, (2) a reduction in ethanol consumption for RNAi knockdown of TENM2, (3) a reduction in triradylglycerols (TAG) levels for RNAi knockdown of WDPCP, TENM2, and GPN1. In human, we observed (1) a link between alcohol consumption and several metabolites including TAG, (2) an enrichment of the candidate (alcohol-associated) metabolites within the linoleic acid (LNA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism pathways, (3) a causal link between gene expression of WDPCP to liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Our results imply that WDPCP might be involved in ALD.
The secreted PAMP-induced peptide StPIP1_1 activates immune responses in potato
Authors: Nietzschmann Linda , Smolka Ulrike , Perino Elvio Henrique Benatto , Gorzolka Karin , Stamm Gina , Marillonnet Sylvestre , Bürstenbinder Katharina , Rosahl Sabine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTreatment of potato plants with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13 leads to the activation of more than 1200 genes. One of these, StPIP1_1, encodes a protein of 76 amino acids with sequence homology to PAMP-induced secreted peptides (PIPs) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of StPIP1_1 is also induced in response to infection with Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease. Apoplastic localization of StPIP1_1-mCherry fusion proteins is dependent on the presence of the predicted signal peptide. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the last 13 amino acids of StPIP1_1 elicits the expression of the StPIP1_1 gene itself, as well as that of pathogenesis related genes. The oxidative burst induced by exogenously applied StPIP1_1 peptide in potato leaf disks is dependent on functional StSERK3A/B, suggesting that StPIP1_1 perception occurs via a receptor complex involving the co-receptor StSERK3A/B. Moreover, StPIP1_1 induces expression of FRK1 in Arabidopsis in an RLK7-dependent manner. Expression of an RLK from potato with high sequence homology to AtRLK7 is induced by StPIP1_1, by Pep-13 and in response to infection with P. infestans. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, upon secretion, StPIP1_1 acts as an endogenous peptide required for amplification of the defense response.
Rewetting increases vegetation cover and net growing season carbon uptake under fen conditions after peat-extraction in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Turmel-Courchesne Laurence , Davies Marissa A. , Guêné-Nanchen Mélina , Strack Maria , Rochefort Line 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe moss layer transfer technique has been developed to restore the carbon sequestration function and typical vegetation ofSphagnum-dominated peatlands after peat extraction in North America. However, the technique does not lead to successful bryophyte establishment when applied to peatlands with a richer residual fen peat. Therefore, we evaluated an alternative method of active rewetting and passive vegetation establishment using vegetation surveys and carbon dioxide and methane (CH4) flux measurements at a post-extracted fen in southern Manitoba, Canada. After one growing season post-rewetting, wetland vegetation established and the site was a net carbon sink over the growing season. However, high abundance ofCarex lasiocarpa10 years post-treatment led to higher CH4emissions than the reference ecosystem. Successful establishment of wetland vegetation is attributed to the area being surrounded by undisturbed fens that can provide a local source of plant propagules. Bryophyte expansion was less successful than vascular plants, likely due to episodic flooding and shading from the sedge communities. Therefore, careful management of water levels to just below the peat surface is needed if reference vegetation community recovery is the goal of restoration. Water level management will also play a key role in controlling CH4emissions to maximize carbon sequestration potential.
Quasi-BIC based all-dielectric metasurfaces for ultra-sensitive refractive index and temperature sensing
Authors: Saadatmand Seyedeh Bita , Ahmadi Vahid , Hamidi Seyedeh Mehri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an all-dielectric metasurface that measures refractive index and temperature using silicon disks is presented. It can simultaneously produce three resonances excited by a magnetic toroidal dipole, magnetic toroidal quadrupole, and electric toroidal dipole, in the THz region. Asymmetric structures are used to generate two quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonances with ultra-high-quality factors driven by magnetic and electric toroidal dipoles. We numerically study and show the dominant electromagnetic excitations in the three resonances through near-field analysis and cartesian multipole decomposition. The effects of geometric parameters, scaling properties, polarization angles, incident angles, and silicon losses are also investigated. The proposed metasurface is an excellent candidate for sensing due to the extremely high-quality factor of the quasi-BICs. The results demonstrate that the sensitivities for liquid and gas detection are Sl = 569.1 GHz/RIU and Sg = 529 GHz/RIU for magnetic toroidal dipole, and Sl = 532 GHz/RIU and Sg = 498.3 GHz/RIU for electric toroidal dipole, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity for temperature monitoring can reach up to 20.24 nm/°C. This work presents a valuable reference for developing applications in the THz region such as optical modulators, multi-channel biochemical sensing, and optical switches.
Effect of decoupling hydraulic and solid retention times on carbohydrate-rich residue valorization into carboxylic acids
Authors: Lago Adrián , Greses Silvia , Aboudi Kaoutar , Moreno Inés , González-Fernández Cristina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research assessed the effect of decoupling hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) via anaerobic fermentation of beet molasses. The performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR, STR = HTR = 30 days) and two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) with decoupled STR (30 days) and HRT (20 and 10 days) was compared. Previously, a temperature study in batch reactors (25, 35, and 55 °C) revealed 25 °C as the optimal temperature to maximize the VFAs yield and the long-chain VFAs (> C4) production, being selected for the continuous reactors operation. An HRT of 20 days in AnSBR led to an enhancement in bioconversion efficiency into VFAs (55.5% chemical oxygen demand basis) compared to the CSTR (34.9%). In contrast, the CSTR allowed the production of valuable caproic acid (25.4% vs 4.1% w/w of total VFAs in AnSBR). Decreasing further the HRT to 10 days in AnSBR was detrimental in terms of bioconversion efficiency (21.7%) due to primary intermediates (lactate) accumulation. By decoupling HRT and SRT, VFAs were maximized, revealing HRT as an effective tool to drive specific conversion routes (butyrate- or lactate-fermentation).
Cytokine-armed dendritic cell progenitors for antigen-agnostic cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Ghasemi Ali , Martinez-Usatorre Amaia , Li Luqing , Hicham Mehdi , Guichard Alan , Marcone Rachel , Fournier Nadine , Torchia Bruno , Martinez Bedoya Darel , Davanture Suzel , Fernández-Vaquero Mirian , Fan Chaofan , Janzen Jakob , Mohammadzadeh Yahya , Genolet Raphael , Mansouri Nahal , Wenes Mathias , Migliorini Denis , Heikenwalder Mathias , De Palma Michele 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting myeloid cells that regulate T cell activation, trafficking and function. Monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with tumor antigens have been tested extensively for therapeutic vaccination in cancer, with mixed clinical results. Here, we present a cell-therapy platform based on mouse or human DC progenitors (DCPs) engineered to produce two immunostimulatory cytokines, IL-12 and FLT3L. Cytokine-armed DCPs differentiated into conventional type-I DCs (cDC1) and suppressed tumor growth, including melanoma and autochthonous liver models, without the need for antigen loading or myeloablative host conditioning. Tumor response involved synergy between IL-12 and FLT3L and was associated with natural killer and T cell infiltration and activation, M1-like macrophage programming and ischemic tumor necrosis. Antitumor immunity was dependent on endogenous cDC1 expansion and interferon-γ signaling but did not require CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Cytokine-armed DCPs synergized effectively with anti-GD2 chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in eradicating intracranial gliomas in mice, illustrating their potential in combination therapies.
Operando two-terminal devices inside a transmission electron microscope
Authors: Recalde-Benitez Oscar , Jiang Tianshu , Winkler Robert , Ruan Yating , Zintler Alexander , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Arzumanov Alexey , Hubbard William A. , van Omme Tijn , Pivak Yevheniy , Perez-Garza Hector H. , Regan B. C. , Alff Lambert , Komissinskiy Philipp , Molina-Luna Leopoldo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdvanced nanomaterials are at the core of innovation for the microelectronics industry. Designing, characterizing, and testing two-terminal devices, such as metal-insulator-metal structures, is key to improving material stack design and integration. Electrical biasing within in situ transmission electron microscopy using MEMS-based platforms is a promising technique for nano-characterization under operando conditions. However, conventional focused ion beam sample preparation can introduce parasitic current paths, limiting device performance and leading to overestimated electrical responses. Here we demonstrate connectivity of TEM lamella devices obtained from a novel electrical contacting method based solely on van der Waals forces. This method reduces parasitic leakage currents by at least five orders of magnitude relative to reported preparation approaches. Our methodology enables operation of stack devices inside a microscope with device currents as low as 10 pA. We apply this approach to observe in situ biasing-induced defect formation, providing valuable insights into the behavior of an SrTiO3-based memristor.
Stator winding fault detection of induction motors using fast Fourier transform on rotor slot harmonics and least square analysis of the Park's vectors
Authors: Ghanbari Teymoor , Mehraban Abbas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn efficient method for the detection of the stator winding faults (SWFs) of induction motors was dealt based on Park's vector of rotor slot harmonics (RSHs). The induced harmonic voltages of the RSHs in the stator windings are the supreme signatures for fault detection, which can be monitored in the motor currents. Using such a signature, unbalanced supply voltage and stator windings fault situations could be segregated straightforwardly. On the other hand, despite some merits, Park's vector analysis‐based methods suffer from low sensitivity and unreliability in the case of low‐severity faults. To have the advantages of both methods while tackling the shortcomings, Park's vector approach and the RSH signatures are combined in the proposed method. The RSHs are extracted using the fast Fourier transform method and the least squared approach is employed for pattern recognition. Different experimental results under various scenarios, even in the case of low severity faults, confirm that the locus of Park's vector is an elliptical shape in SWFs, while it is shapeless in other cases, such as healthy and unbalanced supply voltage cases.
Analysis of multi‐objective optimisation method for main insulation structure configuration scheme of valve‐side winding of ultra‐high voltage converter transformer considering multi‐field coupling
Authors: Yang Lijun , Cheng Zhidong , Cheng Li , Liao Ruijin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBecause DC conductivities of oil‐paper materials can be easily affected by electric field and temperature, the electrical properties under electro‐thermal coupling of oil‐paper materials should be considered when optimising the insulation structure of valve‐side winding of the converter transformer. Based on the finite element multi‐physical field coupling simulation, the multi‐objective optimisation of main insulation structure of valve‐side winding is carried out. In view of the high time consuming of multi‐physical field calculation and the actual needs of an insulation structure optimisation, the Kriging method and technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method are introduced, and combines them with NSGA‐II to obtain a joint algorithm that can be used for the optimisation of insulation structure of the converter transformer. By using the joint algorithm of multi‐objective optimisation, the insulation structure configuration scheme of valve‐side winding is optimised. It can be seen from the experiment result that, on the one hand, the joint algorithm adopted can obtain the insulation structure configuration scheme that meets the design requirements. On the other hand, when facing the configuration scheme optimisation under multi‐field coupling, the computational time required by this method is only 0.15 % of that required by original genetic algorithm.
Nearby galaxies in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey
Authors: Heesen V. , Schulz S. , Brüggen M. , Edler H. W. , Stein M. , Paladino R. , Boselli A. , Ignesti A. , Fossati M. , Dettmar R.-J. 
Published: November 2023

Context. To understand galaxy evolution, it is essential to measure star formation rates (SFRs) across cosmic time.
Aims. The use of radio continuum emission as an extinction-free tracer of star formation necessitates a good understanding of the influence of cosmic-ray electron (CRE) transport. Our aim in this work is to improve this understanding.
Methods. We analysed the spatially resolved radio continuum-star formation rate (radio-SFR) relation in 15 nearby galaxies using data from the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 144 and 1365 MHz, respectively. The hybrid SFR maps are based on observations with Spitzer at 24 μm and with GALEX at 156 nm. Our pixel-by-pixel analysis at 1.2 kpc resolution reveals the usual sublinear radio-SFR relation for local measurements. This can be linearised with a smoothing experiment, convolving the hybrid SFR map with a Gaussian kernel that provides us with the CRE transport length.
Results. CRE transport can be described as energy-independent isotropic diffusion. If we consider only young CREs as identified with the radio spectral index, we find a linear relation showing the influence of cosmic-ray transport. We then define the CRE calorimetric efficiency as the ratio of radio-to-hybrid SFR surface density and show that it is a function of the radio spectral index. If we correct the radio-SFR relation for the CRE calorimetric efficiency parametrised by the radio spectral index, it becomes nearly linear with a slope of 1.01 ± 0.02, independent of frequency.
Conclusions. The corrected radio-SFR relation is universal and it holds for both global and local measurements.
Combining STEREO heliospheric imagers and Solar Orbiter to investigate the evolution of the 2022 March 10 CME
Authors: Zhuang B. , Lugaz N. , Al-Haddad N. , Scolini C. , Farrugia C. J. , Regnault F. , Davies E. E. , Yu W. , Winslow R. M. , Galvin A. B. 
Published: November 2023

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale structures of magnetized plasma that erupt from the corona into interplanetary space. The launch of Solar Orbiter (SolO) in 2020 enables in situ measurements of CMEs in the innermost heliosphere, at such distances where CMEs can be observed remotely within the inner field of view of heliospheric imagers (HIs). It thus provides the opportunity for investigations into the correspondence of the CME substructures measured in situ and observed remotely. We studied a CME that started on 2022 March 10 and was measured in situ by SolO at ∼0.44 au.
Aims. Combining remote observations of CMEs from wide-angle imagers and in situ measurements in the innermost heliosphere allows us to compare CME properties derived through both techniques, validate the estimates, and better understand CME evolution, specifically the size and radial expansion, within 0.5 au.
Methods. We compared the evolution of different CME substructures observed in images from the HIs on board the Ahead Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO-A) and the CME signatures measured in situ by SolO. The CME is found to possess a density enhancement at its rear edge in both remote and in situ observations, which validates the use of the signature of density enhancement following the CMEs to accurately identify the CME rear edge. We also estimated and compared the radial size and radial expansion speed of different substructures in both observations.
Results. The evolution of the CME front and rear edges in remote images is consistent with the in situ CME measurements. The radial expansion (i.e., radial size and radial expansion speed) of the whole CME structure consisting of the magnetic ejecta and the sheath is consistent with the in situ estimates obtained at the same time from SolO. However, we do not find such consistencies for the magnetic ejecta region inside the CME because it is difficult to identify the magnetic ejecta edges in the remote images.