bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrrole‐Based Fully Non‐fused Acceptor for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Wang Chaoyi , Wang Yafei , Qiao Jiawei , Ren Junzhen , Li Jiayao , Wang Wenxuan , Chen Zhihao , Yu Yue , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are still suffering from the low light utilization and unstable under ultraviolet irradiation. To tackle these challenges, we design and synthesize a non‐fused acceptor based on 1‐(2‐butyloctyl)‐1H‐pyrrole as π‐bridge unit, denoted as GS70, which serves as active layer in the front‐cell for constructing tandem OSCs with a parallel configuration. Benefiting from the well‐complementary absorption spectra with the rear‐cell, GS70‐based parallel tandem OSCs exhibit an improved photoelectron response over the range between 600–700 nm, yielding a high short‐circuit current density of 28.4 mA cm−2. The improvement in light utilization translates to a power conversion efficiency of 19.4 %, the highest value among all parallel tandem OSCs. Notably, owing to the intrinsic stability of GS70, the manufactured parallel tandem OSCs retain 84.9 % of their initial PCE after continuous illumination for 1000 hours. Overall, this work offers novel insight into the molecular design of low‐cost and stability non‐fused acceptors, emphasizing the importance of adopting a parallel tandem configuration for achieving efficient light harvesting and improved photostability in OSCs.
SERS Materials with Small‐Molecule Sensitivity for Biological Diagnosis
Authors: Xu Yifan , Dong Qiuchen , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmall molecule metabolites depict a biological system‘s status and help monitor disease conditions. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) holds considerable promise as an instant and non‐destructive detection tool for biological diagnosis. With single‐molecular sensitivity, molecular fingerprint and water compatible, SERS provides valuable information about chemical structures and analyte compositions, especially desirable in biological diagnosis. Design and fabrication of effective, stable SERS substrates can be one of the major research priorities to provide small‐molecule tracing with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Significant efforts have been directed towards creating high‐performance and multifunctional SERS substrates spanning from coinage metals to semiconductor materials. However, most SERS substrates are suffering from unsatisfied sensitivity for tracing small molecules such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other biomarkers. This review summarized recent advances in SERS‐active substrates and their sensing for small biomarker molecules, especially VOCs in diagnosis.
High oxygen barrier property of polyethylene composite films with bilayer polyvinyl alcohol coating for emergency foods in high‐humidity environments
Authors: Fu Yujie , Wang Jun , Huang Shuting , Duan Fang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe limited oxygen barrier of polyethylene (PE) films has restricted their further application in food packaging, like emergency foods. Although its oxygen barrier property can be improved by applying a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating, the application of PVA/PE composite films in high‐humidity environments is still challenging. Hence, this study aimed to enhance the oxygen barrier properties of PVA/PE composite films in high‐humidity environments. Specifically, PVA coatings were modified by the itaconic acid (IA) and magnesium‐aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH), and then applied to PE films as bilayer coating. Because of the unique bilayer coating on the PE surface, the oxygen barrier property of PVA/PE composite film (IA/LDH‐p) in high‐humidity environments has been further improved. The results confirmed that IA/LDH‐p had an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.92 ± 0.16 × 10−16 cm3 cm/(cm2 s Pa) under a high‐humidity environment test, 82.42% better than that of single‐layer coating coated on PE surface. After being stored at RH 90% for 36 h, the tensile strength and elongation at break values of IA/LDH‐p were 27.20 MPa and 919.63%, respectively. Overall, this obtained PVA/PE composite films showed great potential for application in emergency foods packaging, particularly in high‐humidity environments.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of naphthoylamide derivatives as inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation
Authors: Lu JiaHao , Yan XiuYang , Lai WuJi , Jiang Li‐He , Shen Li‐Qun , Wu Ai‐Qun , Zhao Chengguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe phosphorylation of STAT3 plays a critical physiological role in the proliferation of rectal cancer. Hence, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation is an effective anticancer approach. In this work, we designed a novel 5‐R'‐1‐naphthylmethylamide scaffold as a small molecule inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation. The results showed that 3D and 4D have exceptional inhibitory ability against three different colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, and can induce apoptosis of CRC cells by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, while having no killing effect on normal human cells. 3D and 4D can inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, and also inhibit the nuclear translocation of interleukin (IL)‐6‐induced STAT3. In the in vivo tumor model research, 4D significantly reduced the tumor volume of mice and had no drug toxicity on other organ tissues. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that 3D and 4D had greater binding free energy when interacting with the STAT3 SH2 structural domain, and could establish H–π interaction modes. Dynamic simulation studies indicated that both compounds were able to bind tightly to STAT3.
Measurements of visual double stars with PISCO2 at the Nice 76‐cm refractor in 2016–2017
Authors: Prieur Jean‐Louis , Gili René , Rivet Jean‐Pierre , Vakili Farrokh , Scardia Marco , Pansecchi Luigi , Argyle Robert W. , Ling Josefina F. , Piccotti Luca , Aristidi Eric , Koechlin Laurent , Bonneau Daniel , Maccarini Luca , Serot Jocelyn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present relative astrometric and photometric measurements of visual double stars made in 2016–2017, with PISCO2 installed at the 76‐cm refractor of Côte d'Azur Observatory in Nice (France). Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as double stars whose motion is still uncertain. Three different techniques were used for obtaining measurements: Lucky Imaging, Speckle Interferometry and the direct vector autocorrelation (DVA) method. From our observations of 1,510 multiple stars, we obtained 2,918 new measurements with angular separations in the range 0″.1–20″ and an average accuracy of . The mean error on the position angles is 1°.1. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of the DVA technique and/or by inspection of the Lucky images or the long integration files. We managed to routinely monitor faint systems () with large magnitude differences (up to ). We have thus been able to measure six systems containing red dwarf stars that had been poorly monitored since their discovery, from which we estimated the stellar masses thanks to Gaia measurements. We also measured the magnitude difference of the two components of 593 double stars with a mean error of 0.1 mag. Thanks to good seeing images and with the use of high‐contrast numerical filters, we have also been able to obtain 46 measurements with an angular separation smaller than the diffraction limit of our instrumentation. Except for a few objects that have been discussed, our measurements are in good agreement with the ephemerides computed with published orbital elements, even for the double stars whose separation is smaller than the diffraction limit. We also report the measurements of 205 new double stars that we found in the files obtained during the observations.
A Review of the Ethnobotany, Biological Activity, and Phytochemistry of the Plants in the Gundelia Genus
Authors: Mehrzadeh Marziyeh , Ziayeezadeh Faezeh , Pasdaran Ardalan , Kozuharova Ekaterina , Goyal Rohit , Hamedi Azadeh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog, and Google Scholar from January 1980 up until October 2023 on plants in the Gundelia genus. Gundelia L. (Asteraceae) has been treated as a monospecific genus with Gundelia tournefortii L. (1753: 814) in most recent floras with wide variation in corolla color, but nowadays, the genus consists of 17 species. The unripe inflorescences of these species, especially G. tournefortii L., are consumed in many ways. ′Akkoub′ or ′akko′ in Arabic, “Kangar” in Persian, and “Silifa” in Greek are the common names of G. tournefortii L., also known as tumble thistle in English. They have been used in traditional medicine to treat bronchitis, kidney stones, diarrhea, stomach pain, inflammation, liver and blood diseases, bacterial and fungal infections, and mumps. Based on recent studies, their extracts have exhibited hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Moreover, a variety of phytochemicals, including terpenoids, sterols, and fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals, have been identified in this genus. This study reviewed the ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities of the plants in the Gundelia genus as functional foods and herbal remedies.
Risk Identification and Safety Technology for Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas Reforming
Authors: Feng Lele , Gu Yifan , Pang Jiabao , Jiang Liangliang , Liu Jie , Zhou Hang , Wang Biao , Babaee Saeideh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe hydrogen production from natural gas has advantages of low investment, low carbon emission, and high hydrogen production rate. This paper briefly describes the technical overview of hydrogen production from natural gas reforming and identifies its risk factors. According to the dangerous characteristics of high reaction temperature, easy leakage of reaction medium, flammability, and explosion in the process, the intrinsic safety of the process is discussed in combination with relevant research and industrial experience. The safety requirements of key equipment and materials are introduced in detail, followed by the optimization methods of process safety that can be taken in the engineering process. Besides, the accident prevention measures for emergency shutdown and fire explosion are summarized. Finally, the future research demands are put forward from the perspective of research and development, which is instructive for the safe hydrogen production from natural gas in the future.
Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Activated Primary Alkyl Chlorides Using In Situ Generated [Cp*RuII(Cl)(PR3)] Catalysts
Authors: van Leeuwen Nicole S. , Mathew Simon , van Lare Coert E. J. , Ahr Mathieu P. , Zwijnenburg Aalbert , Pullen Sonja , de Bruin Bas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of halogenated compounds with alkenes is well established but primary alkyl chlorides are understudied because of the difficult C−Cl bond activation. In this paper, we show that TONs of 61 can be achieved in the ATRA of ethyl chloroacetate onto styrene with [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)] and 1,1′‐azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ACHN) as a radical initiator, representing a three‐fold improvement compared to previous reports. New catalyst precursors of the type [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PR3)] were synthesized and tested (R=Me, Et, Cy, Ph, p‐CF3C6H4 and p‐MeOC6H4). The kinetic reaction profiles were studied using in situ ATR−FTIR spectroscopy. Among these complexes, [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)] gave the best yields while [Cp*Ru(Cl)2(PMe3)] showed the highest rate. While rates correlate with redox potentials (electronics), our investigation reveals that substrate sterics are important for the overall yield. Density functional theory calculations suggest an open‐shell singlet pathway, where polymerization is kinetically disfavored, explaining the selectivity towards ATRA products.
Room Temperature Hydrogenation of CO2 Utilizing a Cooperative Phosphorus Pyridone‐Based Iridium Complex
Authors: Siangwata Shepherd , Hamilton Alex , Tizzard Graham J. , Coles Simon J. , Owen Gareth R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and application of a new complex, [Ir(κ2‐P,N‐6‐DCyPon*)(COD)] (1), where 6‐DCyPon* is the anionic species, 6‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2‐oxo‐pyridinide, is reported herein. Complex 1 was found to be an active catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO2 at room temperature. The ligand, 6‐DCyPon*, is derived via deprotonation of a novel pro‐ligand, 6‐DCyPon (6‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2‐pyridone) during the synthesis of 1. The ligand is shown to participate within the reversible hydrogenation of 1, via a cooperative process, in which the species, [IrH3(κ2‐P,N‐6‐DCyPon)(COD)] (2), was spectroscopically characterized, where 1 reacts with two equivalents of H2.
Electrochemical Desulfurizative Amination of Heteroaromatic Thiols by Iodine Catalysis
Authors: Ran Tingting , Jiang Wei , Fu Xin , Long Jinguo , Liu Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic amines have been known as an important class of nitrogen‐containing molecules with a wide range of applications. Described here is a mild and efficient electrochemical desulfurizative amination of readily accessible heteroaromatic thiols without necessity of metal catalyst. The key to success for this reaction is the in‐situ generation of a hypervalent iodine reagent as an organocatalyst from iodoarene by anodic oxidation. This mild desulfurizative amination presents ample substrate scope and good functional group tolerance without the use of extra stoichiometric chemical oxidants. As only electrons serve as the oxidation reagents, this method offers a straightforward and sustainable manner towards versatile N‐heterocyclic amines, including late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
Magnetic–Plasmonic Nanocomposites as Versatile Substrates for Surface–enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy
Authors: Tiryaki Ecem , Zorlu Tolga , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramon A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSurface–enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, a highly sensitive technique for detecting trace–level analytes, relies on plasmonic substrates. The choice of substrate, its morphology, and the excitation wavelength are crucial in SERS applications. To address advanced SERS requirements, the design and use of efficient nanocomposite substrates have become increasingly important. Notably, magnetic–plasmonic (MP) nanocomposites, which combine magnetic and plasmonic properties within a single particle system, stand out as promising nanoarchitectures with versatile applications in nanomedicine and SERS spectroscopy. In this review, we present an overview of MP nanocomposite fabrication methods, explore surface functionalization strategies, and evaluate their use in SERS. Our focus is on how different nanocomposite designs, magnetic and plasmonic properties, and surface modifications can significantly influence their SERS‐related characteristics, thereby affecting their performance in specific applications such as separation, environmental monitoring, and biological applications. Reviewing recent studies highlights the multifaceted nature of these materials, which have great potential to transform SERS applications across a range of fields, from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the prospects of MP nanocomposites, anticipating favorable developments that will make substantial contributions to various scientific and technological areas.
The effect of photobiomodulation therapy associated with casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste on the treatment of posthome whitening tooth sensitivity and color change: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cardoso Maria E. de O. P. , Takeuchi Elma V. , Alencar Cristiane de M. , de Mesquita Raissa A. , Alves Eliane B. , Silva Cecy M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed whether combining photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP‐ACPF) paste can effectively reduce post‐home whitening tooth sensitivity (TS) without compromising shade change.MethodsFifty participants were selected and assigned to one of four groups: (1) PLACEBO group—received a placebo paste and PBMT simulation; (2) PBMT group—received a placebo paste + PBMT; (3) CPP‐ACPF group—received CPP‐ACPF paste and PBMT simulation; (4) CPP‐ACPF + PBMT group—received both CPP‐ACPF paste and PBMT. The participants used whitening trays containing 22% carbamide peroxide for 2 h a day for 21 days. TS was measured daily using a visual analog scale, while shade change was assessed using a spectrophotometer: before bleaching treatment (T0), after the first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) weeks of treatment, and 30 days (T4) after completing the whitening treatment.ResultsIntragroup analysis revealed that the PLACEBO group had the highest increase in sensitivity during the whitening treatment. The CPP‐ACPF and PBMT groups showed no significant difference tooth whitening (TW) between weeks regarding aesthetic change. The CPP‐ACPF and PBMT group exhibited a significant reduction in TS between the first and third and between the second and third weeks TW, but not between the first and second. Conversely, the PLACEBO group showed a higher sensitivity than the other groups (p < .05). The CPP‐ACPF and PBMT groups did not differ from each other. Furthermore, the CPP‐ACPF and PBMT group showed a greater decrease in sensitivity than the PLACEBO group at T1, T2, and T3 (p < .01), and was significantly differed from CPP‐ACPF and PBMT groups only at T2 and T3. All groups confirmed TW effectiveness. Student's and paired t‐test did not reveal any significant difference between groups (p > .05).ConclusionTherefore, PBMT associated with CPP‐ACPF paste can reduce TS without compromising the efficacy of TW.
Effect of ceramic materials and tooth preparation design on computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing endocrown adaptation and retentive strength: An in vitro study
Authors: Farghal Ahmed , Dewedar Karim , AbdElaziz Mohammed H. , Saker Samah , Hassona Mahy , Algabri Radwan , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate how various tooth preparation designs impact the adaptation—both at the margins and internally—and the retentive strength of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) produced endocrowns.Materials and Methods60 extracted human mandibular first molars were endodontically treated and assigned into three groups (n = 20) according to the tooth preparation design: Group N: butt joint design, Group F and F1 received 1‐ and 2‐mm circumferential ferrule preparation, respectively. Endocrowns were milled using either lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic (IPS emax ceramic) or monolithic zirconia. The internal and marginal adaptation of the endocrowns were evaluated using the replica technique. After cementation, the endocrowns of all test groups were dislodged axially at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine. A 2‐way ANOVA and the independent samples t‐test (α = .05) were performed to statistically analyze the data.ResultsThe effect of changing the design of the tooth preparation (butt joint, ferrule) on the marginal and internal gap was shown to be statistically significant (p < .05); the lower gap values were recorded at the axial followed by cervical, marginal, and pulpal floor walls in both ceramic groups regardless of the teeth preparation design. The ANOVA test revealed similar average removal forces and stresses for the two types of tested ceramic materials.ConclusionIPS emax ceramic adapted better than monolithic zirconia ceramic, regardless of the preparation design. Ferrule preparation design is more retentive than butt joint preparation, regardless of the type of ceramic material used.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Shen Zhichuan , Huang Junqiao , Xie Yu , Wei Dafeng , Chen Jinbiao , Shi Zhicong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) represent the most promising next‐generation high‐energy density batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the lithium metal anode plays a crucial role in regulating lithium deposition and improving the cycling performance of LMBs. In this review, we comprehensively present the formation process of the SEI film, while elucidating the key properties such as electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical performance. Furthermore, various approaches for constructing the SEI film are discussed from both electrolyte regulation and artificial coating design perspectives. Lastly, future research directions along with development recommendations are also provided. This review aims to provide possible strategies for the further improvement of SEI film in LMBs and highlight their inspiration for future research directions.
A cross connected cell based modular multilevel converter for HVDC system with DC short‐circuit fault ride‐through capability
Authors: Kumar Ambati Dinesh , Sreenivasarao Dharmavarapu 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe non‐permanent dc short‐circuit fault is a crucial issue in overhead high voltage dc transmission (HVDC) lines. In this paper, a cross connected (CC) cell also known as hexagonal switch cell (HSC) based modular multilevel converter (MMC) with dc short‐circuit fault ride through feature is addressed for an HVDC system. During normal operation, the CC cell‐MMC is capable of producing an identical number of levels while using fewer power devices than full‐bridge (FB) and clamp double sub‐module (CDSM)‐based MMCs. Similarly to the FB‐MMC and CDSM‐MMC, the provided CC cell‐MMC not only blocks the dc fault current but can also function as a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) during a DC‐Bus fault. The Proposed control technique uses MMC as a STATCOM to inject reactive power during a pole‐to‐pole DC‐Bus fault to keep the grid stable. The control approach comprises injecting zero‐sequence voltage into each phase to balance the mean voltage of capacitors and arm currents. The fundamental zero‐sequence voltage is obtained by a simple stationary reference frame‐based controller. The control strategy's efficacy is evaluated in MATLAB and confirmed in the Opal‐RT environment.
Activity‐dependent formation of the topographic map and the critical period in the development of mammalian olfactory system
Authors: Fang Ai , Yu C. Ron 
Published: January 2024

SummaryNeural activity influences every aspect of nervous system development. In olfactory systems, sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor project their axons to stereotypically positioned glomeruli, forming a spatial map of odorant receptors in the olfactory bulb. As individual odors activate unique combinations of glomeruli, this map forms the basis for encoding olfactory information. The establishment of this stereotypical olfactory map requires coordinated regulation of axon guidance molecules instructed by spontaneous activity. Recent studies show that sensory experiences also modify innervation patterns in the olfactory bulb, especially during a critical period of the olfactory system development. This review examines evidence in the field to suggest potential mechanisms by which various aspects of neural activity regulate axon targeting. We also discuss the precise functions served by neural plasticity during the critical period.