bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilogue
Authors: Starr Martin P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter details how Helen Smith, as Wilfred Smith’s widow, maintained limited contact with a few of the surviving members of the Ordo Templi Orientis in the years following Smith’s death. Their numbers, never large, are further diminished by disengagement and death, including that of Germer, whose demise in 1962 marks the effective end of the contemporary Thelema movement in the United States initiated by Smith. The idea of the OTO was continued in the 1960s by the Solar Lodge of Los Angeles and its leader Jean Brayton.
Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural
Authors: Egeler Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural presents a summa of current and classic theorizing on religion and the supernatural in relationship to the land and develops this theorizing further by confronting it with a rich set of folkloristic and historical data. Focusing on the themes of “time and memory,” “repeating patterns,” “identity formation,” “morality,” “labor,” “playfulness and adventure,” “power and subversion,” “sound,” “emotions,” “coping with contingency,” “home and unhomeliness,” and “nature and environment,” the book engages with a broad range of theoretical concepts and approaches from the interdisciplinary field of landscape theory and the study of religions. It brings this theorizing into dialogue with the rich culture of local storytelling and landscape-related traditional beliefs of the Strandir district of the Icelandic Westfjords. In this rural region, landscape-related traditions have been collected since the early nineteenth century and continue to be important to this day. Confronting this rich heritage with the insights of landscape theory both in and beyond the study of religions allows important new contributions to theorizing landscape and religion, especially when it comes to considering the perspectives on landscape held by rural populations rather than the urban upper classes that have stood in the focus of research to date. The example of the Icelandic Westfjords shows the extreme richness of religious and supernatural approaches to the landscape that can be developed in rural communities, and how they are significantly and characteristically different from the urban perspectives of literature and the arts.
Multidistrict Litigation, Due Process, and the Dangers of Procedural Collectivism
Authors: Redish Martin H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This is the first of two chapters devoted to the application of liberal adversary democratic due process to the world of complex civil litigation. The chapter focuses on the serious—but mysteriously overlooked—due process problems which inhere in perhaps the most used of the modern complex litigation devices: multidistrict litigation. Under this system, existing litigations brought against the same defendant on generally overlapping issues are combined in a single federal district court for all pretrial matters, including discovery and pretrial motions. While theoretically the individual cases are designed to be returned to their original federal districts, as a practical matter those suits not decided at the pretrial stage usually settle as a group. While the individual litigants are not required to accept the settlement, it is often difficult for them to judge the fairness of the settlement to them as individuals. A judicial panel chooses the lawyer or lawyers who will represent the group of litigants, who have been combined whether they wish to do so or not. The chapter explains the serious due process issues inherent is this “paternalistic” form of due process, in which government agents make choices for individual litigants as to how their interests are best represented.
Health Behavior
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how health behavior intersected with the COVID-19 moment. Health behavior can include exercising, working from home, substance use, wearing a seat belt, and other choices that influence risk of disease and harm. This chapter discusses how these behaviors are influenced by the social context in which people live, with the actions of individuals shaped by the broader determinants of health.
Who Goes First?
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter engages with the issue of who should be prioritized in the rollout of a new vaccine. This issue is deeply entangled with ethics, risk, and health equity. Choices about vaccine priorities tend to be made in the political arena. This chapter argues that the work of thinking through questions of priority must be done long before crises strike.
Hope Dies Last
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of hope during a time of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that hope was fundamental to people’s ability to navigate the pandemic and to envisioning a better future. This hope was rooted in a vision of the common good, reflected by a governmental response aimed at mitigating the crisis on behalf of all people.
The Centrality of Compassion
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how compassion can serve as the basis for a healthier world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, compassion helped people see the suffering of others and take steps to address it. Looking forward from this turning point moment, compassion can help shape a future where preventable suffering is a thing of the past.
Trust and COVID-19
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how the COVID-19 pandemic tested the collective trust, with many Americans expressing skepticism of once trusted health authorities and institutions such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The chapter also discusses the ways in which trust was evident during the pandemic, such as in the collaboration of researchers who had to trust each other’s expertise.
Who Decides?
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the question of who should choose what is right for societies with regard to health. Who should get to evaluate the trade-offs inherent in choices about health policy? The chapter suggests the voice of public health should play a role in this decision-making process, even as the final choices are up to the elected representatives of the people.
Introduction: Inductive Christian Social Ethics
Authors: Stauffer Aaron 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Christian social ethics is a distinct field of Christian ethical reflection that finds its roots in the inductive methodology pioneered by Francis Greenwood Peabody and Harry Ward. Christian social ethicists did their work out of the conviction that Christian principles had an important bearing on social structures and in directing those structures toward social justice. Nowadays, scholars across many fields are returning to the concept of social practices, without, however, taking into consideration the ethical value of the tradition of the radical social gospel on these questions. The introduction situates the argument of a white Christian social ethicist in this radical social gospel stream of thought in a book that draws from Black radical social gospelers in order to more keenly address drastic economic disparity and deadly white supremacy. It offers brief definitions of some key terms: radical social gospel, Christian democratic socialism, social ethics, racial capitalism, and social practices.
Our Ecological Predicament
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the importance of understanding the current ecological predicament as a cluster of five concurrent, mutually reinforcing crises. These crises are causally intertwined, resistant to resolution in isolation, often regionally variable in impact, but increasingly global in scale. Also, the unsustainable ecological effects of each include not only resource depletion and ecosystem destruction but planetary destabilization. Moreover, their convergent effects result from or are exacerbated by the structure of the global political economy, especially the institutions that influence market practices pertaining to the acquisition, use, and control of land, energy, and water resources. The chapter also explains the overall ambitions of the book, why it focuses on human rights in the face of threats to all living things, and why our predicament warrants assignment of normative priority to a specific bundle of human rights. The chapter concludes with a synopsis of subsequent chapters.
Some Realism about Precedent in the Wake of Dobbs
Authors: McConnell Michael W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Dobbs decision intensified an old debate about when the Supreme Court is justified in overruling a prior decision. Because of the weakness of the reasoning in Roe, the main argument against overruling was based on stare decisis. But many commentators have a distorted understanding of the way stare decisis works in practice. On both sides of the ideological spectrum, justices treat precedent as only presumptively binding, and are generally prepared to overrule decisions they consider seriously wrong, when they have the votes to do so. Comity and mutuality among the nine justices at any given time are the true constraints, not attempts to create “doctrines” or multipart tests to discipline the process. The institutional values of stare decisis would be better served by greater transparency about overruling than by the Court’s all too frequent practice of distinguishing old cases on flimsy or disingenuous grounds.
The Dobbs Gambit
Authors: Bridges Khiara M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite the Dobbs Court’s repeated assertion that it is taking a “neutral” stance on the normative question of abortion, the majority’s language implicitly embraces a particular “theory of life” that powerfully aligns with those who believe that life begins at, or shortly after, conception. In reaching its holding, the Court implicitly adopts the nonneutral theory that a pregnant person can be permissibly subordinated to the fetus they gestate. The question of why the majority might adopt a false veneer of neutrality can be explained by the Court’s desire to maintain its legitimacy while simultaneously becoming an increasingly partisan instrument of Republican politics. Just as the Republican Party has recently been characterized by its mendacity, the Court in Dobbs paid lip service to neutrality to engage in gaslighting at the highest level.
The Failure of Dobbs
Authors: Roberts Dorothy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization spotlights the entanglement of abortion bans, criminalization of pregnancy, and family separation, which Roe failed to address. After Dobbs, we can see more clearly a right-wing strategy of reproductive control that includes not only abortion laws that compel pregnant people to give birth, but also a broader criminalization of people who give birth to and raise children. Especially telling is how the Court’s attention to adoption ties together these forms of reproductive violence. Its rosy recommendation of adoption as a remedy for abortion paints a false picture of both reproductive servitude’s history and the child welfare system’s current operation. Black feminists have developed a reproductive justice framework that includes the human right not to have a child, to have a child, and to raise children in safe and supportive communities—a framework made more urgent than ever by Dobbs.
How Contraception and Abortion Got Divorced
Authors: Gordon Linda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the history of birth control and abortion practices across time and shows how modern abortion-related movements might be regressing to the dominant late nineteenth-century view of contraception and abortion as intertwined. Until about two hundred years ago, some forms of birth control were permitted in most societies, including in the United States. In the mid-nineteenth century a strong anti-birth-control/anti-abortion camp arose, tied to paternalistic conceptions of women’s role in society and to racial and class anxieties. The subsequent early twentieth-century sexual revolution was built in part on legalizing contraception without challenging the prohibition on abortion. Public attitudes then shifted towards the relatively abortion-friendly atmosphere in which Roe was decided. Only after Roe, with the emergence of the New Right, did public attitudes begin to return to the late nineteenth-century view of contraception and abortion as one seamless set of options to control reproduction.
Abortion Policy Aimed at Promoting Life As Much As Possible
Authors: Tushnet Mark 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Western European nations offer an alternative to strict bans on abortion that holds out the promise of protecting life—both fetal and maternal life—as much as possible. More important than the details of policies directly aimed at abortion access are Western European systems of social support for women before, during, and after pregnancy—a thick social safety net in which contraception is readily available, as is medical care during pregnancy and after delivery, with generous family leave policies and widespread availability of child care. And these policies are all set in a “culture of life” that extends beyond the abortion issue itself. These Western European policies emerged from bargains among political parties with distinctive ideologies and histories. However, the contours of U.S. party politics make it difficult to imagine how the Western European model could be implemented in the United States.
American Exceptionalism and the Comparative Constitutional Law of Abortion
Authors: Ginsburg Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys how countries around the world have dealt with the constitutional questions surrounding abortion. Abortion has not assumed a central role in political conflict in very many places, relative to the United States. Some countries have adopted compromise solutions that seem jurisprudentially superior to the American approach. Others have turned to transnational regional courts and international human rights agreements to answer abortion questions. However, this chapter demonstrates that in some instances, American partisan warfare has spilled over into the politics of other countries, raising the salience of abortion in potentially destabilizing ways. American exceptionalism, then, can generate the conditions for its own demise by virtue of its impact on other countries.
Let Me Google That for You
Authors: Nichols Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter details how the Internet has undermined expertise by destroying the boundaries between good and bad information, how interacting with online resources often produces the illusion of knowledge, and how social media encourages one to remain attached to one’s beliefs against any contrary evidence. It also describes how online siloing of information and debate is undermining the ability of laypeople to engage in productive conversations.
The Experts, the Public, and the Pandemic
Authors: Nichols Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The COVID pandemic disoriented experts and the public about the role of expert advice during a crisis. This chapter recounts the failures of the political class, experts—and the public itself. It recounts the failures of elected politicians and the missteps of scientific and medical professionals, and notes that the United States in particular was already ripe for a disaster created out of a mixture of social polarization, suspicion, and political opportunism.
Why Change is Hard
Authors: McLean Kate C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The possibilities of personal growth and change are embedded in American cultural values that center individual autonomy and personal responsibility for charting one’s life course. These values infuse the study of identity development, contributing to the idea that we are the sole authors of our own stories. In this book, the author argues that the promise of the possibility for growth and change, and the personal capacity to do so, are represented in problematic master narratives. Such narratives about personal growth and responsibility serve to limit attention to the systems and structures of society that restrict and deny the expression of individual identities. The argument is made through the prism of the science on personality development, in particular, narrative identity development. The author calls into question the degree to which the theories and methods employed, as well as the data, support the elevation of such master narratives about the possibility for growth, challenging scholars to develop an awareness of their complicity in the maintenance of harmful ideologies.
Theoretical Foundations
Authors: McLean Kate C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focus on the theoretical approaches to identity, stories, and change taken in the volume. Identity development is defined in terms of integration at various level of experience—temporal (integration across time), contextual (integration across contexts), and cultural belonging. Identity integration is argued to be both a product of personal and collective efforts. Theoretical perspectives on whether and how change might occur in personal identity are discussed from the lens of personality psychology, developmental psychology, and cultural psychology. The challenge of change arising from the human need for prediction and the cultural press for stability is discussed as an important new lens for existing theoretical perspectives.
Evidence for Change From the Field of Personality Development
Authors: McLean Kate C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The evidence for change in personality traits and attachment representations is reviewed, as well as evidence for posttraumatic growth. The extant literature generally does not show clear evidence of profound and sustained change over time. The literature is also compromised by the available methods for collecting data on change at various levels of personality. However, the emphasis on the possibility of change is still emphasized and is often messaged to the larger culture, beyond academia, a problematic issue in need of attention. An emphasis on greater reflexivity and awareness of our own biases as scientists is needed.
Thalamocortical Assemblies
Authors: Destexhe Alain , Sejknowski Terrence 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThalamocortical Assemblies: Sleep Spindles, Slow Waves, & Epileptic Discharges explores the underlying neural mechanisms involved in generating low-frequency oscillations through interacting neural assemblies in the thalamus and the cortex. During sleep, the mammalian brain generates an orderly progression of low-frequency oscillations as the brain moves from sleep onset into deep sleep. Moreover, oscillations are involved in the consolidation of experiences in long-term memory during sleep. Thalamocortical Assemblies overviews the properties of ion channels, synaptic interactions, and intrinsic cellular mechanisms into biophysical models of neural oscillations in local circuits and distributed networks. It also tackles the key mechanisms of sleep spindles and how they are hijacked by epileptic seizures.
Introduction
Authors: Destexhe Alain , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides an overview of rhythmic activity in the thalamocortical system. It primarily focuses on the biophysical mechanism underlying the genesis of rhythmicity and the interplay between rhythmically active elements. With the advent of precise intracellular recording techniques, pharmacological manipulations and molecular biology, the biophysical mechanisms underlying oscillatory activity in neurons have been well characterized. The chapter presents the history of studying brain rhythmicity and the identification of key neuronal structures, such as spindle waves. It also considers the issues concerned with computation models, which include complex behaviours observed with intracellular electrophysiological recordings from thalamic and cortical neurons.
Electrophysiological properties of thalamic reticular neurons
Authors: Destexhe Alain , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the electrophysiological properties of thalamic reticular (RE) neurons. The aforementioned neurons share some electrophysiological properties with TC cells, such as a rebound burst. However, there are also significant differences owing to the presence of different calcium-dependent and other voltage-dependent currents. The chapter examines two kinds of models for thalamic reticular cells, one of which investigates the interaction between several intrinsic ionic currents while the other investigates the electrophysiological consequences of localizing the T-current in dendrites. It also considers a multicompartment model to address the important influence of dendrites and dendritic currents in shaping the behaviour of cells.
The Age and Crime Distribution and its Explanation
Authors: Wikström Per-Olof H. , Treiber Kyle , Roman Gabriela Diana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The age–crime curve has fuelled the criminological imagination for some time, and yet there remains no agreed upon explanation for the relationship between age and crime. SAT argues that changes in people’s crime propensities and criminogenic exposure explain changes in their crime involvement; hence aggregate changes in crime propensities and criminogenic exposure would be expected to predict aggregate changes in crime involvement—i.e. the age–crime curve. Consequently, this chapter specifically examines if age-related changes in crime propensity and criminogenic exposure mirror age-related changes in crime, and the extent to which the link between age and crime propensities and criminogenic exposure accounts for the link between age and crime. To this end, the chapter critiques current approaches to explaining the age–crime curve and present several different analyses examining the extent to which patterns of development in participants’ crime propensities and criminogenic exposure align with their criminal careers, for all participants and by crime trajectory group. It finds support for SAT’s assertion that participants’ crime propensities and criminogenic exposure can explain much of the relationship between their age and their crime involvement.
Crime Propensity and Criminogenic Exposure
Authors: Wikström Per-Olof H. , Treiber Kyle , Roman Gabriela Diana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The core proposition of Situational Action Theory (SAT)’s Developmental Ecological Action (DEA) model is that changes in people’s crime involvement are a consequence of changes in their crime propensities and criminogenic exposure. At the heart of SAT’s explanation of crime is the interaction between people with particular crime propensities and places with particular criminogenic features. Capturing and analysing this interaction and its association with crime and, further, changes in this interaction over time and its association with criminal careers, is a challenging enterprise. This chapter discusses these challenges, both conceptual and empirical, and employs a variety of analytical techniques to explore stability and change across short and long time intervals, within and between individuals (e.g. cross-sectional regression analysis, path analysis, fixed effects methods, analysis of change scores, and analysis of trajectory classes and components). Across all these different analyses, it finds robust relationships between changes in crime propensities and criminogenic exposure and changes in crime involvement, and hence consistent support for SAT’s DEA model.