bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for addressing conflicts arising from blue growth initiatives: insights from three case studies in South Africa
Authors: Sowman Merle , Mbatha Philile , von Holdt Johanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSouth Africa has vigorously embraced the concept of the ‘blue economy’ and is aggressively pursuing a blue growth strategy to expand the ocean economy, create jobs, and alleviate poverty. However, many of these ‘blue initiatives’ are leading to conflicts amongst various stakeholders with different histories, relationships with resources and areas, worldviews, and values. Investment in the ocean economy is being prioritized by government and planning, environmental assessment, and decision-making processes are being fast-tracked. Consequently, historical inequities as well as environmental and social justice considerations are not being given due consideration. Communities are not being effectively consulted. This has resulted in tensions and conflicts amongst proponents of these projects and local communities living in areas affected by these initiatives. We examine the drivers of conflict and then explore the strategies that local communities and their social partners have employed in these case studies to challenge contentious developments, defend coastal and marine areas, and make their voices heard. The cases involve conflicts over air quality in an expanding marine industrial zone at Saldanha Bay, prospecting and mining applications in the vicinity of the Olifants Estuary in the Western Cape, and the expansion of the Richard’s Bay Port, mining activities, and conservation initiatives in KwaZulu-Natal. The barriers and potential opportunities to opening up deliberative spaces, shifting values and views, and co-producing knowledge, in contexts that are characterised by structural inequality, poverty, and power asymmetries, are discussed.
Molecular Autism Research in Africa: Emerging Themes and Prevailing Disparities
Authors: Frickel Emma , Mahony Caitlyn , Bam Sophia , Buchanan Erin , van der Watt Mignon , O’Ryan Colleen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfrican populations are consistently underrepresented in molecular research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Yet, Africa’s genetic diversity could reveal novel mechanisms associated with ASD etiology. We review the molecular ASD research from Africa between 2016–2022, highlighting region-specific limitations, opportunities, and areas of progress. We emphasize a need to advance null-hypothesis based molecular studies in Africa, particularly in critically understudied Sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. Using South Africa as a case study, we show that this geographical disparity is not solely attributable to sociocultural barriers nor to an absence of molecular research infrastructure. We emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration within SSA and internationally to harness existing infrastructure for the expansion of molecular ASD research in Africa.
An orthogeriatric service can reduce prolonged hospital length of stay in hospital for older adults admitted with hip fractures: a monocentric study
Authors: Lisk Radcliffe , Yeong Keefai , Fluck David , Robin Jonathan , Fry Christopher Henry , Han Thang Sieu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The Blue Book (2005), recommended guidelines for patients care with fragility fractures. Together with introduction of a National Hip Fracture Database Audit and Best Practice Tariff model to financially incentivise hospitals by payment of a supplement for patients whose care satisfied six clinical standards), have improved hip fracture after-care. However, there is a lack of data-driven evidence to support its effectiveness. We aimed to verify the impact of an orthogeriatric service on hospital length of stay (LOS)—duration from admission to discharge.

Methods
We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study over a 10 year period of older individuals aged ≥ 60 years admitted with hip fractures to a hospital.

Results
Altogether 2798 patients, 741 men and 2057 women (respective mean ages; 80.5 ± 10.6 and 83.2 ± 8.9 years) were admitted from their own homes with a hip fracture and survived to discharge. Compared to 2009–2014, LOS during 2015–2019, when the orthogeriatric service was fully implemented, was shorter for all discharge destinations: 10.4 vs 17.5 days (P < 0.001). Each discharge destination showed reductions: back to own homes, 9.7 vs 17.7 days (P < 0.001); to rehabilitation units: 10.8 vs 13.1 days (P < 0.001); to residential care: 15.4 vs 26.2 days (P = 0.001); or nursing care, 24.4 vs 53.1 days (P < 0.001). During 2009–2014, the risk of staying > 3 weeks in hospital was greater by six-fold and pressure ulcers by three-fold. The number of bed days for every thousand patients per year was also shortened during 2015–2019 by: 1665 days for discharge back to own homes; 469 days with transfer to rehabilitation units; 1258 days for discharge to residential care, and 5465 days to nursing care. Estimated annual savings (2017 costs) per thousand patients after complete establishment of the service was about £2.7 m.

Conclusions
Implementation of an orthogeriatric service generated significant reductions in hospital LOS for all patients, with associated cost-savings, especially for those discharged to nursing care.
Understanding Sociodemographic Factors among Hispanics Through a Population-Based Study on Testicular Cancer in Mexico
Authors: Ríos-Rodríguez Juan Alberto , Montalvo-Casimiro Michel , Álvarez-López Diego Ivar , Reynoso-Noverón Nancy , Cuevas-Estrada Berenice , Mendoza-Pérez Julia , Jiménez-Ríos Miguel A. , Wegman-Ostrosky Talia , Salcedo-Tello Pamela , Scavuzzo Anna , Castro-Hernández Clementina , Herrera Luis A. , González-Barrios Rodrigo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Testicular cancer (TCa) is a rare malignancy affecting young men worldwide. Sociodemographic factors, especially socioeconomic level (SEL) and healthcare access, seem to impact TCa incidence and outcomes, particularly among Hispanic populations. However, limited research has explored these variables in Hispanic groups. This study aimed to investigate sociodemographic and clinical factors in Mexico and their role in health disparities among Hispanic TCa patients. We retrospectively analyzed 244 Mexican TCa cases between 2007 and 2020 of a representative cohort with diverse social backgrounds from a national reference cancer center. Logistic regression identified risk factors for fatality: non-seminoma histology, advanced stage, and lower education levels. Age showed a significant trend as a risk factor. Patient delay and healthcare distance lacked significant associations. Inadequate treatment response and chemotherapy resistance were more likely in advanced stages, while higher education positively impacted treatment response. Cox regression highlighted non-seminoma histology, below-median SEL, higher education, and advanced-stage survival rates. Survival disparities emerged based on tumor histology and patient SEL. This research underscores the importance of comprehensive approaches that integrate sociodemographic, biological, and environmental factors to address health disparities improving outcomes through personalized interventions in Hispanic individuals with TCa.
Bridging the evidence gap: A review and research protocol for outdoor mental health therapies for young Australians
Authors: Flies Emily J. , Pryor Anita , Henderson-Wilson Claire , Turner Megan , Roydhouse Jessica , Patrick Rebecca , O’Shea Melissa , Norris Kimberly , Martin Angela , Marsh Pauline , Bartlett Larissa , Azghadi Mostafa Rahimi , Neil Amanda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInternationally, over 60% of all lifetime cases of mental health disorders are identified as emerging by 25 years of age. In Australia, young people (aged 16–24 years) report the highest prevalence of mental health problems. Acceptability of mainstream services for young people is a concern, particularly for clients 18–25 years, heterosexual males and certain marginalised communities. With unaddressed distress in young people a precursor to poor, potentially lifelong mental ill-health trajectories, the provision of acceptable, and accessible mental health services remains a critical system imperative.Outdoor therapies, such as outdoor talking therapies, present an option for increasing the breadth of mental health interventions available to young people. Reported benefits of outdoor therapies include improved self-esteem and confidence, positive and negative affect, stress reduction and restoration, social benefits, and resilience. As outdoor therapies draw on multidisciplinary skillsets, this modality has the potential to expand services beyond existing workforce capacities. However, there are evidence gaps that must be addressed before mainstreaming of this treatment modality can occur.Here we overview the existing evidence base for outdoor talking therapies, as a form of outdoor mental healthcare, to determine their appropriateness as an effective and efficient treatment modality for young people with psychological distress in Australia and elsewhere. We then propose a research protocol designed to determine the acceptability, efficacy and efficiency of ‘outdoor talking therapies’. Our aim is to help address identified youth mental healthcare service shortages in Australia, and potentially support the health of our mental healthcare workforce.
Literatur und Psychologie. Zum Erkenntnispotenzial fiktionaler Welten
Authors: Sichler Ralph 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Überlegungen in diesem Beitrag gehen der Frage nach, ob und inwieweit Literatur, also eine Gattung der Kunst, als Quelle der Erfahrung zu Erkenntnissen der Psychologie beitragen kann. Ausgehend von der Zurückhaltung der akademischen Psychologie gegenüber den Werken der Dichtung und ihren möglichen Beitrag zur psychologischen Erkenntnisbildung wird auf der Grundlage der Philosophie der symbolischen Formen von Ernst Cassirer argumentiert, dass aufgrund der jeweils gegebenen sprachlichen Verfasstheit die fiktionale Welt der Literatur in gleicher Weise präsent ist wie die faktische Alltagswelt. Mithilfe des von Robert Musil eingeführten Möglichkeitssinns wird allerdings auf die Besonderheit der durch Literatur erzeugten Welten aufmerksam gemacht. Es wird deutlich, dass Dichtung nicht nur eine wichtige Quelle psychologischer Erfahrungsbildung darstellt, sondern ebenso wesentlich zur Möglichkeit der Reflexion von Lebensumständen und Lebensformen in der Gesellschaft beiträgt. Auf diese Weise verfolgt die Psychologie nicht nur ein Erkenntnisinteresse, sondern auch einen Bildungsauftrag.
What do patients want from therapy? Understanding treatment goals of patients with long-term conditions referred for cognitive behavioural therapy in primary care
Authors: Sawrikar Vilas , Newton Christopher , Nicklas Leeanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Integrating cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) into primary care for patients with long-terms conditions (LTCs) is a priority for the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK). To inform delivery of cognitive behavioural interventions for this clinical population, the aim of this study was to evaluate the major treatment goal themes of patients with LTCs. A single group mixed-methods design was used to analys treatment goals and their association with patient characteristics. A total of n=222 patients (86 males; 132 females) who participated in a service development evaluation of the Accessible Depression and Anxiety Psychological Therapies for Individuals with Long-Term Conditions in Scotland (UK) were selected for inclusion if they reported at least one treatment goal at assessment. Data were drawn from routine outcome measures that recorded information in relation to client demographics, physical conditions, mental health, functioning and treatment goals. Participants freely reported up to three goals as part of assessment. Thematic analysis identified four major goal themes ranked in the following order of frequency: functioning, emotional health, condition management, and self-appraisal. Wanting to improve functioning was positively associated with age and depression, and negatively associated with anxiety. No other patient characteristics were associated with any of the major themes. Patients with LTCs referred to CBT in primary care can have wide-ranging goals that only partially correspond with their mental health status. Practitioners and service providers need to flexibly deliver CBT to enhance the individual relevance of therapy which is tailored to patient’s goals.

Key learning aims

(1)
Treatment goals are fundamental to a better understanding of how best to assess and plan treatments that meet the needs of patients with long-term conditions.

(2)
We highlight the need to enhance practitioner competencies in aligning treatment with patient’s goals to ensure goal-based decision-making is achieved in practice.

(3)
Key areas of goal-oriented therapy for patients with long-term conditions include integrating aspects of wanting to improve functioning, emotional health, condition management, and self-appraisal. These aspects should represent primary outcomes of treatment.
Diagnosis and management of primary hyperaldosteronism in patients with hypertension: a practical approach endorsed by the British and Irish Hypertension Society
Authors: Faconti Luca , Kulkarni Spoorthy , Delles Christian , Kapil Vikas , Lewis Philip , Glover Mark , MacDonald Thomas M. , Wilkinson Ian B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlongside the lack of homogeneity among international guidelines and consensus documents on primary hyperaldosteronism, the National UK guidelines on hypertension do not provide extensive recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of this condition. Local guidelines vary from area to area, and this is reflected in the current clinical practice in the UK. In an attempt to provide support to the clinicians involved in the screening of subjects with hypertension and clinical management of suspected cases of primary hyperaldosteronism the following document has been prepared on the behalf of the BIHS Guidelines and Information Service Standing Committee. Through remote video conferences, the authors of this document reviewed an initial draft which was then circulated among the BIHS Executive members for feedback. A survey among members of the BIHS was carried out in 2022 to assess screening strategies and clinical management of primary hyperaldosteronism in the different regions of the UK. Feedback and results of the survey were then discussed and incorporated in the final document which was approved by the panel after consensus was achieved considering critical review of existing literature and expert opinions. Grading of recommendations was not performed in light of the limited available data from properly designed randomized controlled trials.
Recent advances and research progress on microsystems and bioeffects of terahertz neuromodulation
Authors: Liu Meiting , Liu Juntao , Liang Wei , Lu Botao , Fan Penghui , Song Yilin , Wang Mixia , Wu Yirong , Cai Xinxia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTerahertz waves can interact with the nervous system of organisms under certain conditions. Compared to common optical modulation methods, terahertz waves have the advantages of low photon energy and low risk; therefore, the use of terahertz waves to regulate the nervous system is a promising new method of neuromodulation. However, most of the research has focused on the use of terahertz technology for biodetection, while relatively little research has been carried out on the biological effects of terahertz radiation on the nervous system, and there are almost no review papers on this topic. In the present article, we begin by reviewing principles and objects of research regarding the biological effects of terahertz radiation and summarizing the current state of related research from a variety of aspects, including the bioeffects of terahertz radiation on neurons in vivo and in vitro, novel regulation and detection methods with terahertz radiation devices and neural microelectrode arrays, and theoretical simulations of neural information encoding and decoding. In addition, we discuss the main problems and their possible causes and give some recommendations on possible future breakthroughs. This paper will provide insight and assistance to researchers in the fields of neuroscience, terahertz technology and biomedicine.
The EZH2-H3K27me3 axis modulates aberrant transcription and apoptosis in cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian granulosa cell injury
Authors: Chen Yingyan , Ai Leilei , Zhang Yingyi , Li Xiang , Xu Shiqian , Yang Weijie , Jin Jiamin , Ma Yerong , Hu Zhanhong , Zhang Yinli , Rong Yan , Zhang Songying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and infertility are significant concerns for women of childbearing age with cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Our study has revealed a close association between epigenetic regulation and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ovarian damage. Specifically, CTX and its active metabolite 4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide (4-HC) were found to increase the apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) by reducing EZH2 and H3K27me3 levels, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analyses revealed that the loss of H3K27me3 peaks on promoters led to the overactivation of genes associated with transcriptional regulation and apoptosis, indicating that stable H3K27me3 status could help to provide a safeguard against CTX-induced ovarian damage. Administration of the H3K27me3-demethylase inhibitor, GSK-J4, prior to CTX treatment could partially mitigate GC apoptosis by reversing the reduction of H3K27me3 and the aberrant upregulation of specific genes involved in transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. GSK-J4 could thus potentially be a protective agent for female fertility when undergoing chemotherapy. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms for chemotherapy injury and future clinical interventions for fertility preservation.
Hofbauer cell function in the term placenta associates with adult cardiovascular and depressive outcomes
Authors: Fitzgerald Eamon , Shen Mojun , Yong Hannah Ee Juen , Wang Zihan , Pokhvisneva Irina , Patel Sachin , O’Toole Nicholas , Chan Shiao-Yng , Chong Yap Seng , Chen Helen , Gluckman Peter D. , Chan Jerry , Lee Patrick Kia Ming , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPathological placental inflammation increases the risk for several adult disorders, but these mediators are also expressed under homeostatic conditions, where their contribution to adult health outcomes is unknown. Here we define an inflammation-related expression signature, primarily expressed in Hofbauer cells of the term placenta and use expression quantitative trait loci to create a polygenic score (PGS) predictive of its expression. Using this PGS in the UK Biobank we conduct a phenome-wide association study, followed by Mendelian randomization and identify protective, sex-dependent effects of the placental module on cardiovascular and depressive outcomes. Genes differentially regulated by intra-amniotic infection and preterm birth are over-represented within the module. We also identify aspirin as a putative modulator of this inflammation-related signature. Our data support a model where disruption of placental Hofbauer cell function, due to preterm birth or prenatal infection, contributes to the increased risk of depression and cardiovascular disease observed in these individuals.
Bacteria can maintain rRNA operons solely on plasmids for hundreds of millions of years
Authors: Anda Mizue , Yamanouchi Shun , Cosentino Salvatore , Sakamoto Mitsuo , Ohkuma Moriya , Takashima Masako , Toyoda Atsushi , Iwasaki Wataru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is generally assumed that all bacteria must have at least one rRNA operon (rrn operon) on the chromosome, but some strains of the genera Aureimonas and Oecophyllibacter carry their sole rrn operon on a plasmid. However, other related strains and species have chromosomal rrn loci, suggesting that the exclusive presence of rrn operons on a plasmid is rare and unlikely to be stably maintained over long evolutionary periods. Here, we report the results of a systematic search for additional bacteria without chromosomal rrn operons. We find that at least four bacterial clades in the phyla Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, and Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) lost chromosomal rrn operons independently. Remarkably, Persicobacteraceae have apparently maintained this peculiar genome organization for hundreds of millions of years. In our study, all the rrn-carrying plasmids in bacteria lacking chromosomal rrn loci possess replication initiator genes of the Rep_3 family. Furthermore, the lack of chromosomal rrn operons is associated with differences in copy numbers of rrn operons, plasmids, and chromosomal tRNA genes. Thus, our findings indicate that the absence of rrn loci in bacterial chromosomes can be stably maintained over long evolutionary periods.
Single amino acid change alters specificity of the multi-allelic wheat stem rust resistance locus SR9
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Nirmala Jayaveeramuthu , Chen Shisheng , Jost Matthias , Steuernagel Burkhard , Karafiatova Mirka , Hewitt Tim , Li Hongna , Edae Erena , Sharma Keshav , Hoxha Sami , Bhatt Dhara , Antoniou-Kourounioti Rea , Dodds Peter , Wulff Brande B. H. , Dolezel Jaroslav , Ayliffe Michael , Hiebert Colin , McIntosh Robert , Dubcovsky Jorge , Zhang Peng , Rouse Matthew N. , Lagudah Evans 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost rust resistance genes thus far isolated from wheat have a very limited number of functional alleles. Here, we report the isolation of most of the alleles at wheat stem rust resistance gene locus SR9. The seven previously reported resistance alleles (Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9e, Sr9f, Sr9g, and Sr9h) are characterised using a synergistic strategy. Loss-of-function mutants and/or transgenic complementation are used to confirm Sr9b, two haplotypes of Sr9e (Sr9e_h1 and Sr9e_h2), Sr9g, and Sr9h. Each allele encodes a highly related nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) type immune receptor, containing an unusual long LRR domain, that confers resistance to a unique spectrum of isolates of the wheat stem rust pathogen. The only SR9 protein effective against stem rust pathogen race TTKSK (Ug99), SR9H, differs from SR9B by a single amino acid. SR9B and SR9G resistance proteins are also distinguished by only a single amino acid. The SR9 allelic series found in the B subgenome are orthologs of wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr21 located in the A subgenome with around 85% identity in protein sequences. Together, our results show that functional diversification of allelic variants at the SR9 locus involves single and multiple amino acid changes that recognize isolates of wheat stem rust.