bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early loss of the glutamate transporter splice‐variant GLT‐1v in rat cerebral cortex following lateral fluid‐percussion injury
Authors: Yi Jae‐Hyuk , Pow David V. , Hazell Alan S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGlutamate transporter proteins are essential for the control of interstitial glutamate levels, with an impairment of their function or levels being a major potential contributor to excitotoxicity. We have investigated the effects of lateral fluid percussion on the levels of the glutamate transporter proteins GLT‐1α, its splice variant GLT‐1v, GLAST, and EAAC1 in the rat in order to evaluate their pathogenetic role in this model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Immunoblot analysis revealed neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex was accompanied by a 54% decrease in GLT‐1v 6 h following the insult which progressed to an 83% loss of the transporter after 24 h. No changes in GLT‐1α, GLAST, or EAAC1 were observed in this brain region at either time point. GLT‐1v content was also decreased by 55% and 68% in the hippocampus and thalamus, respectively, at 6 h post‐injury, but recovered fully after 24 h in both brain regions. In contrast, levels of GLT‐1α were increased in the hippocampus at 6 h and 24 h post‐TBI. These alterations in transporter protein content were also confirmed using immunohistochemical methods. Our results show for the first time a pattern of early, dynamic changes in the levels of GLT‐1 transporter splice variants in different brain regions in this trauma model. In addition, correlation of GLT‐1v levels with both neuronal cell loss and α‐internexin content in the injured cortex suggests that loss of this novel glutamate transporter may be a key factor in determining cerebral vulnerability following this type of brain injury. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant expression of serine/threonine kinase Pim‐3 in hepatocellular carcinoma development and its role in the proliferation of human hepatoma cell lines
Authors: Fujii Chifumi , Nakamoto Yasunari , Lu Peirong , Tsuneyama Koichi , Popivanova Boryana K. , Kaneko Shuichi , Mukaida Naofumi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMost cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma develop after persistent chronic infection with human hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, and host responses are presumed to have major roles in this process. To recapitulate this process, we have developed the mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma using hepatitis B virus surface antigen transgenic mice. To identify the genes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in this model, we compared the gene expression patterns between pre‐malignant lesions surrounded by hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and control liver tissues by using a fluorescent differential display analysis. Among the genes that were expressed differentially in the pre‐malignant lesions, we focused on Pim‐3, a member of a proto‐oncogene Pim family, because its contribution to hepatocarcinogenesis remains unknown. Moreover, the unavailability of the nucleotide sequence of full‐length human Pim‐3 cDNA prompted us to clone it from the cDNA library constructed from a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. The obtained 2,392 bp human Pim‐3 cDNA encodes a predicted open reading frame consisting of 326 amino acids. Pim‐3 mRNA was selectively expressed in human hepatoma cell lines, but not in normal liver tissues. Moreover, Pim‐3 protein was detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cell lines but not in normal hepatocytes. Furthermore, cell proliferation was attenuated and apoptosis was enhanced in human hepatoma cell lines by the ablation of Pim‐3 gene with RNA interference. These observations suggest that aberrantly expressed Pim‐3 can cause autonomous cell proliferation or prevent apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flood control and land use management in Mengwa retention area, Huai River Basin
Authors: Ruiguang Han , Suryadi F. X. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRetention areas have a very important role in flood alleviation in the Huai River Basin. With economic and societal development the former retention areas have been developed and some of them even became very important urban areas. When floods come, there is a lot of damage.The government has realized that the flood control standards in the whole river basin are low and has made a plan to increase flood control standards for the Mengwa retention area. The design water level will be 28.00 m+MSL at Runheji. In light of this the use of the Mengwa retention area needs to be considered. To arrive at decisions that reduce flood damage, one should take into account the following uncertainties: the river discharge, the flood damage given the discharge, the downstream water level given the discharge, and the costs of constructing embankments and dredging the river. By using the DUFLOW model and a GIS model, the present situation and the alternative development options have been analysed. How to use the Mengwa retention area is also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surge flow irrigation under short field conditions in Egypt
Authors: Ismail Saleh M. , Depeweg Herman , Schultz Bart 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral studies carried out in long furrows have shown that surge flow irrigation offers the potential of increasing the efficiency of irrigation. The effects of surge flow in short fields, such as in Egypt, are still not well known, however.To investigate the effect of surge flow irrigation in short fields a series of experiments have been carried out at two different locations in Egypt. The first location with a clay soil was situated at the Agriculture Experimental Station, Assiut University, Assiut. The second location with a sandy soil was situated at the Assiut University Experimental Station for Desert Land, El‐Wadi El‐Assuity, Assiut. The blocked end furrow lengths and widths were 70 and 0.70 m respectively. Three discharges were selected for each soil type, namely 0.46, 0.74 and 0.90 l s−1 for clay soil and 0.73, 1.0 and 1.4 l s−1 for sandy soil. For each discharge two cycle times were investigated, namely 16 and 24 minutes. For each cycle time three cycle ratios were chosen, 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 for the 16‐minute and 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 for the 24‐minute cycle time. The water content was measured at three locations, namely at the beginning, middle and end of the furrow. In each location three points were measured in a vertical line at a depth of 0–0.1, 0.1–0.3 and 0.3–0.7 m.The results show that surge flow irrigation leads to a more uniform water distribution along the furrows than continuous flow. This uniformity is more pronounced in clay soil than in sandy soil. Surge flow irrigation decreases the advance time in comparison to continuous flow. The reduction in advance time was more pronounced with the discharges of 0.74 and 1.0 l s−1 in clay and sandy soil respectively. The 24‐minute cycle time is better than the 16‐minute cycle time. The reduction in advance time with a cycle time of 24 minutes is due to the effect of the off‐time. Different cycle ratios can be used but the 1/3 cycle ratio may be the best. In conclusion, surge flow irrigation under the short field conditions as prevailing in Egypt decreases the advance time, increases uniformity and efficiency by decreasing deep percolation and reduces applied water volume by 15–35%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodological optimization of polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based gene delivery to the lungs of mice via aerosol application
Authors: Rudolph C. , Ortiz A. , Schillinger U. , Jauernig J. , Plank C. , Rosenecker J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundPolyethylenimine (PEI) has been successfully used for gene delivery to the lungs of mice via aerosol application using a whole body nebulization device. In this report we optimized the design of such an aerosol device.MethodsAerosol devices were constructed as either serial inhalation apparatus or as a whole body nebulization chamber connected to an aerosol spacer placed in a horizontal or vertical position. PEI‐based gene vectors were nebulized using a standard jet nebulizer and luciferase gene expression of various tissues was examined.ResultsUsing a whole body aerosol device resulted in luciferase gene expression in the lungs of mice at the same level as compared with a serial inhalation apparatus. Whereas gene expression was enhanced in the presence of 5% CO2‐in‐air, anesthesia of mice strongly decreased gene expression even when mice were intubated with an intravascular cannula. Reduction of the median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the aerosol from 3.4 to 0.27 µm by interposition of an aerosol spacer increased gene expression significantly 3‐fold. Drying of the aerosol by silica gel additionally increased gene delivery significantly 3‐fold. Reporter gene expression mediated by branched PEI 25 kDa was 9‐ and 15‐fold higher as compared with linear PEIs of 22 and 25 kDa, respectively, and was dependent on the DNA concentration. Gene expression was detectable as soon as 6 h after gene vector application and reached a maximum after 72 h but was still detectable after 14 days. The presence of Zn2+ did not increase gene expression.ConclusionWe propose aerosol drying as a novel and simple method of optimizing PEI‐based gene delivery to the lungs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel chimeric ribozyme vector produces potent inhibition of ICAM‐1 expression on ischemic vascular endothelium
Authors: Sonnenday Christopher J. , Warren Daniel S. , Cooke Sara K. , Dietz Harry C. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundInhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression can ameliorate the inflammation induced by ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in animal models. However, current strategies to reduce ICAM‐1 expression have been limited by the lack of stability, poor specificity, and the transient nature of synthesized regulatory molecules (antisense/ribozyme).MethodsA chimeric expression vector was generated by fusing a ribozyme targeting sequence against ICAM‐1 to stabilizing stem‐loop structures and nuclear localization signals that are components of endogenous U1 small nuclear RNA. Oligonucleotide scanning was used to predict accessible sites for targeting within the rat ICAM‐1 transcript. Efficacy of the chimeric ribozyme vector was tested by transfection of rat aortic endothelial (RAE) cells (in vitro) and intraportal delivery in a rat hepatic IRI model (in vivo).ResultsTransfection of RAE cells with the chimeric ribozyme vector produced potent and specific inhibition of ICAM‐1 mRNA and protein levels by >65%. This reduction in ICAM‐1 expression was accompanied by a proportional decrease in neutrophil adhesion to RAE cells. In vivo intraportal delivery of the chimeric targeting vector to rats sustaining hepatic IRI produced a marked reduction in ICAM‐1 expression on liver endothelium after reperfusion.ConclusionsA chimeric ribozyme vector effectively inhibited ICAM‐1 expression in vascular endothelial cells and in rat liver following IRI, demonstrating a novel gene targeting technique that may be ideally suited to clinical applications aimed at ameliorating IRI. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contributions of Csaba Horváth to liquid chromatography
Authors: Greibrokk Tyge 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article is not a biographic description of the life of Csaba Horváth, but an attempt to describe his most important contributions to liquid chromatography, as viewed by an author who himself started with HPLC in 1973. With the introduction of columns packed with rigid pellicular particles, which could withstand high pressures, the combination of fast separations with high efficiency was designated high pressure liquid chromatography about 35 years ago. The contribution of Horváth to the birth of modern LC was to imagine the potential for high‐speed separations in LC by transferring ideas and technology from gas chromatography. From this time, his strong participation in understanding and describing the processes of separation science made him a leading scientist in fundamental studies of separation principles until his passing away in April 2004. In addition to being one of the forefathers of modern liquid chromatography, Csaba Horváth described both the ionic interactions and the hydrophobic interactions on ion exchangers as well as on reversed phase materials and developed a theoretical basis for understanding these processes. If one person should be mentioned as the inventor of ion‐pair chromatography of organic compounds, of hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and of the theoretical basis for reversed phase chromatography, this person is Csaba Horváth. Throughout the last 30 years he also had a strong interest in studying proteins in separation processes, and in the last decade he made valuable contributions to capillary electrochromatography, particularly for separation of proteins on monolithic columns. For this author is difficult to find another person who has had a greater impact on liquid chromatography than Csaba Horváth.
Blends of a Main Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Polyester with a Diepoxide and with a Diepoxide/Amine Mixture Prepared in a Twin‐Screw Extruder
Authors: Mormann Werner , Pokropski Tomasz 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: Blending of the commercial LC‐polyester Rodrun LC‐3000 with the bisphenol‐A‐diglycidyl ether based diepoxide DOW D.E.R.330 alone and with the mixture of the diamine (MCDEA) and D.E.R.330 by means of a twin‐screw extruder has been investigated. Conditions to suppress curing of epoxide and amine during blending have been established. Due to the very low solubility of Rodrun in the diepoxide only LCP‐rich blends with a minimum content of 60 wt.‐% Rodrun could be obtained. The blends were investigated by SEM and thermal analysis (DSC, DMTA). Binary blends are immiscible while ternary blends appear miscible from DMTA up to 30 wt.‐% of epoxy/amine.SEM micrograph of Rodrun moulded at 230 °C.magnified imageSEM micrograph of Rodrun moulded at 230 °C.
Homogenization of a viscoelastic matrix in linear frictional contact
Authors: Gilbert Robert P. , Panchenko Alexander , Xie Xuming 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe paper is devoted to study of acoustic wave propagation in a partially consolidated composite material containing loose particles. Friction of particles against the consolidated part of the material causes mechanical energy dissipation. This situation is modelled by assuming that the medium has a periodic microstructure changing rapidly on the small scale ε. Each of the periodic microscopic cells is composed of a viscoelastic matrix containing a rigid particle in frictional contact with the matrix. We use the methods of two‐scale convergence to obtain effective acoustic equations for the homogenized material. The effective equations are history‐dependent and contain the body force term, reminiscent of the well‐known Stokes drag force. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Paychex formula for talent: Hire attitude, teach skills
Authors: Kuchta Will , Berg Susan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe founder of Paychex built a high‐performing organization on an unconventional premise at the time: Hire people with the right “attitude” and then teach them the skills to do the job. But rapid growth in the 1990s showed Paychex that it needed a more systematic approach to reliably execute this philosophy throughout its geographically dispersed operations, especially at the important front line of customer service. The resulting solution—one that includes more sophisticated hiring practices, more extensive training and development, and multiple reinforcement mechanisms—still serves the company well today. © 2004 Paychex, Inc.
Dimeric galectin‐1 induces IL‐10 production in T‐lymphocytes: an important tool in the regulation of the immune response
Authors: van der Leij Judith , van den Berg Anke , Blokzijl Tjasso , Harms Geert , van Goor Harry , Zwiers Peter , van Weeghel Rob , Poppema Sibrand , Visser Lydia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGalectin‐1, a β‐galactoside binding protein that can occur as both a monomer and a homodimer, binds to leucocyte membrane antigens such as CD7, CD43, and CD45, and has immune‐regulatory functions in several animal models of autoimmune disease. However, its mechanism of action is only partially understood. In this study, a marked increase in IL‐10 mRNA and protein levels was demonstrated in non‐activated and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells, following treatment with a high concentration (dimeric form), but not a low concentration (monomeric form), of recombinant galectin‐1 protein. IL‐10 is known to suppress TH1 type immune responses and upregulation of IL‐10 may thus contribute to the immune‐regulatory function of galectin‐1. Galectin‐1 was strongly expressed on the endothelial cells of human kidney allografts, suggesting a role in the regulation of immune responses in transplantation. Administration of high concentrations of galectin‐1 may be a useful tool in the treatment of T‐cell‐mediated diseases. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone‐tert‐butyl methacrylate‐methacrylic acid terpolymers having amino sugar or bioactive amino side compounds
Authors: Martínez Gerardo , Fernández‐García Marta , Sánchez‐Chaves Manuel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFree‐radical copolymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone (VP) with tert‐butyl methacrylate (TBMA) was carried out in bulk at 50 °C, using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. From copolymer composition determined by 1H‐NMR analysis and using the modified Kelen–Tüdos equation, the monomer reactivity ratios were determined. After acidic hydrolysis, the modification reaction of some N‐vinylpyrrolidone‐tert‐butyl methacrylate‐methacrylic acid (VP‐TBMA‐MAA) terpolymers with several model bioactive amino compounds (benzocaine, phenethylamine, tyramine) and a model amino sugar (2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (glucosamine)) was studied in the homogeneous phase. Interaction experiments between glucosamine‐carrying VP‐TBMA‐MAA terpolymers and Concanavalin A (Con A) in a phosphate buffer (pH = 7.2) at room temperature showed that VP‐TBMA‐MAA terpolymer interacts with Con A. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 18–27, 2005
Trends in the structure and bonding of neutral and charged noble metal clusters
Authors: Fernández E. M. , Soler J. M. , Garzón I. L. , Balbás L. C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present a systematic study of the electronic and geometric structure of neutral and charged noble metal clusters X (X = Cu, Ag, Au; n ≤ 13; ν = –1,0,+1), obtained from first principles GGA density functional calculations based on norm‐conserving pseudopotentials and a numerical atomic basis set. We determined that the maximum number of atoms forming planar structures with charge ν = (–1,0,+1) are (12, 11, 7) for gold, (5, 6, 5) for silver, and (5, 6, 4) for copper clusters. These results are compared with previous experimental and theoretical estimates. We argue that the tendency to planarity of gold clusters, which is much larger than in copper and silver, is strongly favored by relativistic effects, which decrease the s‐d electron promotion energy and lead to hybridization of the half‐filled 6s orbital with the occupied 5dz2 orbital. Trends for the calculated cohesive energy, average bond lengths, hardness (ionization potential minus electron affinity), and fragmentation energy of the X cluster are presented and discussed in comparison with available experiments and other calculations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Pigmentation polymorphism in the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: some insights into its maintenance
Authors: Devin S. , Bollache L. , Beisel J.‐N. , Moreteau J.‐C. , Perrot‐Minnot M.‐J. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Dikerogammarus villosus, a freshwater invasive amphipod, exhibits conspicuous pigmentation polymorphism. This polymorphism is documented in two recently colonized areas, the Saône and Moselle rivers (north‐eastern France), and some of the mechanisms by which pigmentation polymorphism can arise and be maintained are addressed. Body size, reproductive status, fecundity and mate choice are compared among morphs of D. villosus in field samples collected in summer 2001. Body size and female gonad developmental stage were comparable among the different morphs, suggesting that polymorphism is not the result of changes in pigmentation with age or moult‐cycle. Fecundity and reproductive status (paired vs non‐paired) were not affected by pigmentation morph either. A random combination of morphs in pre‐copula pairs was observed, showing that the colour pattern does not play a major role in mate choice. A strong size‐assortative pairing was found, and this pattern was similar among male morphs. Overall, our study shows that morph polymorphism is not related to different stages in the moult cycle or the life cycle, and is not maintained by morph‐assortative pairing. Alternative explanations to the mate choice hypothesis for the maintenance of pigmentation polymorphism are discussed.
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase by analogues of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol
Authors: Ghafouri Nazdar , Tiger Gunnar , Razdan Raj K , Mahadevan Anu , Pertwee Roger G , Martin Billy R , Fowler Christopher J 
Published: November 2004

The pharmacology of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is not well understood. In consequence, the abilities of a series of analogues of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) to inhibit cytosolic 2‐oleoylglycerol and membrane‐bound anandamide hydolysis by MAGL and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), respectively, have been investigated.
2‐AG and its 1‐regioisomer (1‐AG) interacted with MAGL with similar affinities (IC50 values 13 and 17 μM, respectively). Shorter homologues of 2‐AG (2‐linoleoylglycerol and 2‐oleoylglycerol) had affinities for MAGL similar to 2‐AG. This pattern was also seen when the arachidonoyl side chain of arachidonoyl trifluoromethylketone was replaced by an oleoyl side chain.
Arachidonoyl serinol (IC50 value 73 μM) was a weaker inhibitor of MAGL than 2‐AG. The IC50 values of noladin ether towards MAGL and FAAH were 36 and 3 μM, respectively. Arachidonoyl glycine interacted with FAAH (IC50 value 4.9 μM) but only weakly interacted with MAGL (IC50 value >100 μM).
α‐Methyl‐1‐AG had similar potencies towards MAGL and FAAH (IC50 values of 11 and 33 μM, respectively). O‐2203 (1‐(20‐cyano‐16,16‐dimethyl‐eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraenoyl) glycerol) and O‐2204 (2‐(20‐hydroxy‐16,16‐dimethyl‐eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraenoyl) glycerol) were slightly less potent, but again affected both enzymes equally. α‐Methyl‐1‐AG, O‐2203 and O‐2204 interacted only weakly with cannabinoid CB1 receptors expressed in CHO cells (Ki values 1.8, 3.7 and 3.2 μM, respectively, compared with 0.24 μM for 1‐AG) and showed no evidence of central cannabinoid receptor activation in vivo at doses up to 30 mg kg−1 i.v.
It is concluded that compounds like α‐Methyl‐1‐AG, O‐2203 and O‐2204 may be useful as leads for the discovery of selective MAGL inhibitors that lack direct effects upon cannabinoid receptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 143, 774–784. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705948