bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate-Goal Deviance Cases
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents four case studies of deviance to achieve ambitious business goals. The Samherji seafood company in Iceland expanded to the coast of Africa off Namibia by means of corruption. The Swedish bank Swedbank did not implement anti-money-laundering measures. The British Petroleum company ignored dangers when exploiting oil in the Gulf of Mexico. The social housing enterprise Obos in Norway ignored the business idea of normal housing for normal people. These companies all violated their social license to operate by lack of conformance to norms and values. Convenience theory illustrates motive, opportunity, and willingness for deviance among business executives in the companies. All four cases are explained in the motive dimension of possibilities by ambitious organizational goals and objectives. Possibilities for enterprises include reaching business objectives by ignoring whether the means to reach goals are considered acceptable by stakeholders and the community. Ends simply justify means that might represent deviance.
Personal-Greed Deviance Cases
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents four cases of crisis management for the recovery of the social license by corporate conformance. In the perspective of convenience theory, all four cases are explained by the motive dimension of possibilities because of ambitious personal goals and objectives. Greed is the most acknowledged motive for financial misconduct by white-collar offenders. Greed involves socially constructed needs and desires that can never be completely fulfilled. Greed can be a very strong quest to get more and more of something; it involves an obsession to maximize wealth. To outsiders it may seem strange that rich people have such a strong desire to become even richer that they are willing to break the law. However, as the definition indicates, greedy individuals are never happy with what they have, as they desperately want more all the time. Prosperity is not a means, but a goal for greedy individuals. Greed can grow when an organization does not have an adequate reaction.
Maintaining the Social License
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Firms that have never violated their social license by staying conformant must nevertheless work to sustain and maintain the license. Threats to the corporate social license can occur both internally and externally. This chapter presents case studies of firms that were proactive in avoiding violations to their social license to operate. For example, during the Nordic biker war between Hells Angels and Bandidos, the clubhouse of Bandidos in the city of Drammen outside the capital Oslo in Norway was damaged by a bomb in 1997. Police investigation revealed that the bomb had been placed in front of the building by members of rival gang Hells Angels. When the convicted Hells Angels members were released from prison, insurance firm Gjensidige attempted to recover some of its loss from the convicted Hells Angels members. This was in an effort to maintain the social license.
Crisis-Management Readiness
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crisis management is a matter of recovering a social license by corporate conformance. A crisis refers to a fundamental threat to an organization; it is often characterized by ambiguity of cause, effect, evolution, and means of resolution. Being prepared and ready to handle a crisis is thus quite a challenge, since these ambiguities cause a perception of randomness, where nobody seems to know what happens next. Yet it is common knowledge that a scandal is typically the cause of a crisis, where a scandal refers to an unexpected, publicly known, and harmful event that has high levels of initial uncertainty, interferes with the normal operation of an organization, and generates widespread, intuitive, and negative perceptions externally. A corporate scandal forces executives to give an account; this account refers to a statement made by the scandalized entity to explain negative behavior that has become subject to inquiry by stakeholders and outsiders. Crisis-management readiness serves the purpose of being able quickly to recover a social license by being in control.
Crisis-Management Situations
Authors: Gottschalk Petter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are no one-size-fits-all solutions to recovery of a social license. For example, the Methodist Church needed an approach suitable for the situation. Religious organizations such as the Methodist Church are often based on trust. Do members often betray trust in terms of white-collar crime in religious institutions? Most white-collar crime incidents are exploitations of trust, where trust may originate from a shared religious identity between the victim and the perpetrator. Are social religious networks an attractive arena for white-collar criminals? Is the morale of not acting illegally blinded by a chance perspective when an attractive opportunity arises? Do shared religious beliefs lead to less acceptability of white-collar crime? The sacred occupies a central location in institutional value spheres, and, as such, influences a number of purposes and forms that might prevent control and compliance efforts. People within religious organizations are not subject to much surveillance or many accountability mechanisms.
Introduction
Authors: Jubb Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introduction sets out the problem this book addresses, as well as the approach it takes. It also provides an outline of the rest of the book. The problem the book addresses is that most contemporary political theory and philosophy cannot explain plausible judgements about different levels and forms of authority in different societies. Most contemporary political theory and philosophy is committed, deliberately or otherwise, to binary theories of political authority, which hold that governments are either fully authoritative or without any authority at all. Yet most governments seem to have less than full authority, but more than none, as a comparison of Presidents Putin and Trump illustrates. A realist approach can avoid these problems by taking seriously the need to manage the political conflicts societies actually have, rather than the ones they would have, if they were more morally appealing.
The Distinction Between Content and Force
Authors: Hanks Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concepts of content and force are two ways of distinguishing speech acts. Content has to do with what a speech act is about, the information and subject matter that it concerns. Force characterizes what the speaker is doing by performing that act, for example making an assertion, asking a question, giving an order, and so on. The distinction between content and force is the idea that these two dimensions for characterizing speech acts are entirely independent of one another. This chapter reviews arguments for and against the content–force distinction and argues that the weight of the arguments tilts heavily against it.
Contemporary Foundational Accounts of Propositions
Authors: Manolakaki Eleni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with recent attempts to account for the nature of propositions. The main question is what propositions are. Such a question follows the reaction to the dominating accounts of propositions that took propositions to be sets of possible worlds or some sort of n-tuples. While those accounts might offer well-elaborated models or sophisticated representations of propositions, they do not seriously engage with the question of what propositions are. Sets of worlds or some sort of n-tuples could not be the fundamental bearers of the attributes assigned to propositions. Putting aside a primitivist and a deflationary stance on propositions, the chapter critically examines some recent attempts to offer a foundational account of propositions. These are (a) propositions as certain sorts of facts, (b) propositions as properties or relations instantiable by worlds, (c) versions of act-theoretic accounts of propositions, and (d) propositions as products of acts.
Multiple-Intensions Semantics
Authors: Glüer Kathrin , Pagin Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter surveys semantic frameworks working with more than one non-extensional semantic value. It starts with some ideas for distinguishing between relevant sorts of semantic values. Next, a number of possible reasons for adding additional semantic values to a semantic theory are reviewed. Chief among them are the forces of both linguistic and extra-linguistic context dependence, the former typically relating to issues of compositionality and various kinds of embedding behavior. The multiple intension systems presented on this basis offer a representative range of reactions to these forces: starting with Fregean semantics, dynamic semantics, Kaplanian semantics, two-dimensionalism, post-semantics, and switcher semantics are surveyed.
A Plea for Innocence
Authors: Sosa David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Frege’s introduction of the notions of indirect sense and indirect reference is a striking feature of his seminal (1892) “Ueber Sinn und Bedeutung.” But a careful examination of the sources of Frege’s indictment of indirect contexts is elucidatory, and it enables an alternative response to the situation Frege confronted. Frege did not need to forsake semantic innocence. The key observation concerns the condition imposed by compositionality. Other treatments, including those advanced by Barwise and Perry and by Davidson, introduce additional issues. And then Frege’s view has a difficulty that has been insufficiently appreciated (since Russell)—a difficulty avoided by the alternative developed in this chapter. So, first, Frege need not have forsaken innocence; second, he should not have done so.
One Word, Many Concepts
Authors: Pietroski Paul M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polysemy tells against the familiar assumption that human linguistic meanings determine extensions. On the view proposed here, meanings are instructions for building special concepts from concepts that can be accessed via lexical addresses, where a single address can be shared by a family of concepts that are not coextensive. Sentences like ‘The window they had cut in the wall was nicer than the one they installed’ can help motivate this proposal. A speaker can use ‘window’ and the anaphoric pronoun ‘one’ to express distinct concepts from her ‘window’-family. One might hope to salvage the familiar assumption by saying that extensions include mappings from contexts to senses that determine more classical extensions, and that ‘window’ can express an aperture-sense while still serving as the antecedent for a pronoun used to express a pane-sense of ‘window’. But this chapter argues that the meaning of a polysemous expression like ‘window’ does not determine a mapping from contexts to senses.
Report and Content
Authors: Cumming Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter reconsiders the case for a semantic level of content—one that is more fine-grained than reference and based on the truth-conditions of indirect reports of speech and thought. While alternatives like descriptivism and relationism are also considered, the main rival to a content-based account is one where the truth-value of an indirect report depends on mental syntax or, at any rate, on psychological features that are unique to particular agents rather than shared in the manner of content. Three arguments—from misrecognition, from isolation, and from innocence—are discussed in detail and the consequences for content laid out.
Scribal Culture and Literary Sociability
Authors: Dzelzainis Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The scribal culture of the Restoration was in large measure the literary expression of sociability as well as productive of that sociability. While strongly associated with milieux such as coffee houses, the Inns of Court, and, above all, the Court, it was not an exclusively metropolitan phenomenon but was also a feature of literary communities such as those at Oxford, Mildenhall in north-west Suffolk, and along the axis of London and Ratisbon. The chapter surveys these contexts through the lens of state satire (particularly in its epigrammatic form) and its principal exponent, Andrew Marvell, and the verse epistle as practised by Sir George Etherege and his correspondents—especially Etherege’s exchanges with Lord Buckhurst, the Earl of Middleton, and John Dryden.
The Body Politic in the Literary Imagination
Authors: Allsopp Niall 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The body politic was a familiar yet contested model for the state. The manipulation of rival versions of the trope can be illustrated with the example of responses to Shakespeare’s Coriolanus. The belly fable and related tropes from Shakespeare’s play echo in tragedies of the Exclusion crisis by Nathaniel Lee, Nahum Tate, and Thomas Otway. These texts are haunted by sublime individuals who destabilize the social bonds that unite the state; a particularly central concern was the subversive impact of libertinism. The body politic trope should therefore be read in conjunction with marriage as a metaphor that described the forming of composite bodies in binding unions based on mutual promises. As Shakespeare’s Coriolanus is confronted and mollified by his wife and mother, so symbolism of marriage and family offered a repository of highly emotive, normative imagery for political fidelity. Yet marriage proves an ambivalent and contested value in Restoration tragedy.
Restoration Science and Literary Representation in a Global Context
Authors: Thompson Helen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter locates Robert Boyle’s hydrostatic experimentation in the context of the mercantile world-economy. Boyle invented a hydrostatic scale that he promoted for its utility to English traders for West African gold. His defence of this instrument shows the importance of corpuscular chemistry, climate theory, and an alchemical ontology of gold’s kinds to both Restoration science and mercantile trade. By examining travel narratives and letters penned by traders and Royal African Company factors, this chapter argues that they uphold core tenets of Restoration-era chemistry while, reciprocally, Boyle’s hydrostatics reflect travellers’ accounts of West Africa. The chapter suggests that these authors use non-mimetic or anti-realist representational tactics to evoke the existence of chemical micromatter. This representational mode may also evoke the craft of West African traders and artisans whose skill with metal impels Boyle’s claim for the utility of his hydrostatic instrument.
Celebrity and the Restoration Actress
Authors: Fawcett Julia H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Restoration left an indelible mark on English theatre history by introducing two innovations to the public stage: changeable scenery and ‘real, beautiful Women’ (in the words of Colley Cibber). This chapter argues not only that these innovations were related, but also that they provided the necessary conditions for the rise of celebrity by inventing the backstage as a three-dimensional space imbued with the potential for narrative. The separate tiring rooms required for actresses and the additional spaces needed for the construction, operation, and storage of scenery demanded purpose-built theatres with larger backstages. Actresses were quick to capitalize on such demands: by advertising their sexual availability to those willing to pay the price of admission, they transformed the backstage from the non-space of the early modern theatre into a space of privilege, sex, and mystery—all the makings of a good narrative. This chapter examines the narrative possibility of the Restoration backstage as revealed in the use of technical innovations like the discovery scene, particularly in its deployment in The Rover: the most famous play by the first professional female playwright on the English stage, Aphra Behn.
Language, Ritual, and Colonialism
Authors: Tavárez David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a condensed overview of the cultural and intellectual history of ritual language from classical antiquity to the nineteenth century, with a focus on how the regimentation of ritual speech became intertwined with colonial rule and Christian indoctrination between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries as part of the emergence of colonial dynamics of knowledge in the Americas and Asia. It focuses on a central property of ritual speech, defined here as inscriptibility, and on lexicographic hegemony and lexical invention as two important processes that structured colonial understandings of ritual language.
The Chronotopic and Sonotopic Work of Ritual
Authors: Wirtz Kristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ritual is a good category with which to think about the spatiotemporal structuring of social action, because chronotopic work is required to enact (some aspect of) macrocosmic order in the microcosm of the interactional event. Chronotopic regimentation is evident in major ceremonies and brief moments of ritualized action alike. Three dimensions of chronotopic regimentation are: producing the ritual itself as an event, situating the ritual event in interdiscursive relations, and producing a trajectory for ritual performativity. Interplay across the three dimensions constitutes ritual action, which is inevitably tied to reflexivity over ritual form, including spatiotemporal frames. Ritual poetics and participation frameworks often are expressed in the distinctive soundscape or sonotope marking ritual time-space. Examples of ritual sonotopes in three distinct domains—politics, education, and religion—demonstrate how sonotopic organization draws reflexive attention to ritual forms and drives ritual’s chronotopic work.
Affectivity and Repetition in Amazonian Ceremonial Welcoming Dialogues
Authors: Surrallés Alexandre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of the affective dimensions of ritual has become an unavoidable task for anthropologists. However, anthropology encounters a methodological difficulty in describing what is unique to affect, that is, its intensive and therefore fluctuating character. The few attempts to address this problem have not succeeded in proposing convincing solutions. By taking up several studies about Amazonian welcome and greeting ceremonial dialogues—which are indeed characterized by being a delicate exercise of emotion modulation—this chapter proposes a methodological approach to the description of the fluctuating character of affectivity in ritual. The main argument is that a close consideration of repetition, which sets apart ceremonial dialogues, provides an important tool for assessing the affective intensity of ritual.
The Capabilities Approach and Economic and Social Rights
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The capabilities approach offers an important perspective for economic and social rights. The capabilities approach takes human capabilities as the fundamental metric of distributive justice, in contrast with approaches to justice that take subjective metrics such as happiness or utility, or resourcist metrics such as income and wealth. This chapter argues that the capabilities approach is a superior perspective for economic and social rights, because it focuses on ends rather than means, can better handle discrimination against the disabled and other variations in functioning, and helps guide the delivery of public services, especially in health and education. In addition, this chapter argues that the capabilities approach offers a realistic account of economic and social rights that is compatible with recognizing the necessity of trade-offs, practical limits to perfect fulfillment, and imperfect correlative obligations to support their fulfillment.
Criminal Literature
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The literature of crime in the period was affected both by the evolution of genres (notably in prose fiction and biography) and by changes in the theory and practice in law and penology. This chapter considers various forms of narrative, including rogues’ tales and quasi-picaresque novels; biographies and autobiographies; court reports and execution speeches of those involved in state trials as well as common criminal proceedings. Attention is given to the treatment of women criminals. All these are set against the background of contemporary thinking about crime and punishment within society at large. An attempt is made to show how these stories contributed to the debate on crime, and also how they made a lasting contribution to the literary forms they inhabit.
Diaries
Authors: Smyth Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The term ‘diary’ jostles, in this period, with an array of other descriptors, including memorial, journal, daybook, diurnal, diet-book, and ephemeris. This chapter will keep this generic messiness in mind by working with an expansive sense of form, both in terms of genre and materiality, in order to convey a wider range of diaries than has previously been described, including texts by non-elite and women writers. It will pay particular attention to three central tensions that inform many diaries from this period: the need to adhere to a set of formal conventions, while at the same time marking out an individual life; the attempt to express some version of inwardness, alongside a commitment to the inventorying of objects and the external world; and the challenge of representing the life from within the life, of simultaneously observing and being observed.
Fables and Fairy Tales
Authors: Lewis Jayne Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is remarkable that a subgenre that has come to epitomize the prosaic in the sense of the ordinary, the pedestrian, the obvious, and even the modern should have entered English print culture as a marker of the exotic, the courtly, the devious, the aberrant, the extraordinary, and the antique. This chapter explores this paradox so as both to describe and account for the consolidation of the English prose fable as a distinct literary form—one whose story is intimately interwoven with the eighteenth-century emergence of English letters as both a privileged and a popular communicative medium. With an eye on an oft-stated preference for prose in the period, the chapter both describes and analyses the rising tide of prose fable collections, periodical fables, and didactic examples of what Joseph Addison would term ‘the fairy way of writing’ that at once instituted and ironized that preference.
Learned Wit and Mock-Scholarship
Authors: Power Henry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The last year covered by this volume, 1714, witnessed the brief flourishing of the Scriblerus Club—but well before its members met there was an established tradition of ‘learned wit’ writing, whose chief exponents were Lucian and Rabelais. This kind of satirical prose acquired a particular edge as battle lines were drawn in the dispute between the ancients and moderns; works such as William King’s Dialogues of the Dead (1699) and Jonathan Swift’s A Tale of a Tub and The Battel of the Books (1704) are at the centre of this chapter. The Scriblerians were not by any means the first authors to exploit the idea of the mock-book in order to land a satirical blow. What set them apart from previous satirists was the way in which their mock-books were animated by a particular distrust of developments in scholarship in the final decade of the seventeenth century. This chapter looks at the way in which Scriblerian satire exposes scholars and critics who focus on the particularities of a literary work while failing to grasp its broader meaning and value: a particular target is the Cambridge classicist Richard Bentley. It also examines the way in which Scriblerian routines find their way into the work of authors more receptive to modern developments in scholarship: the example discussed is Joseph Addison’s Dialogues upon the Usefulness of Ancient Medals (c. 1702–7, published 1721).