bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural gas compression factors calculated from relative density, heating value, and diluent compositions
Authors: Iglesias‐Silva Gustavo A. , Hall Kenneth R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractKnowledge of the compression factor is essential for the transport, storage and utilization of natural gas. The normal way to determine this property is by using an equation of state (EOS) which utilizes the gas temperature, pressure, volume, and composition. In many industrial situations, the composition of the natural gas is not available, yet it is still necessary to calculate the compression factor. In this paper, we present an EOS which uses relative density, heating value, and diluent compositions to determine the compression factor. The applicable ranges of conditions are 220 to 500 K up to 70 MPa (–60–450°F up to 10,000 psia). The calculations agree with data within 0.1% average absolute deviatation up to 10 MPa with a maximum deviation of 1.9% near pure component critical points or mixture cricondentherms. The equation also extrapolates through data up to 70 MPa within 1.9% We present comparisons to data of AGA Report No. 8 and to data in the paper.
Analysis of reactive distillation using the esterification of acetic acid as an example
Authors: Bock Heiko , Jimoh Mohammed , Wozny Günter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe uncatalyzed esterification of acetic acid is described in the literature as a typical example of reactive distillation. Many rigorous models were validated using this esterification as an example. Process proposals for the production of pure ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetic acid have been determined using short‐cut methods with the assumption of chemical equilibrium only. In this publication, the limitations of this esterification are clarified, using a rigorous model that was developed. The reasons why reactive distillation appears to be unfavorable for this esterification are explained. It is, however, theoretically possible to obtain ethyl acetate in high purity with different variants of the process. Different process variants are examined in this work. Construction variables that are important for the design of reactive columns, such as the number of reactive separation stages and the holdup in the column, are analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of variables dependent on the component system, such as the phase equilibrium of the reactive system and the reaction kinetics on the conversion in the column, are described. It can be shown that the short‐cut methods published so far for reactive distillation, which assume chemical equilibrium, are inadequate.
Non‐Isothermal mixing of rheologically complex fluids with close‐clearance impellers: Effect of natural convection
Authors: Fuente Edmundo Brito‐De La , Nuñez M. C. , Tanguy P. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTransient heat transfer in a mechanically agitated vessel is studied in the case of an anchor and an helical ribbon impeller using Newtonian and shear thinning fluids. Temperature stratification is found more pronounced with the anchor, making this impeller clearly inadequate for heat transfer. The impact of natural convection is evaluated first using the classical Gr/Re2 ratio. It is shown that the use of this criterion in viscous mixing is somewhat misleading. A new Grashof number is then proposed to assess the significance of the viscous and buoyancy effects in non‐isothermal, non‐Newtonian mixing applications. It is shown that the interpretation of this new number is strongly related to the concept of process viscosity.
Design rules for the wallcooled hydrothermal burner (WHB)
Authors: Roche H. Lucas La , Weber M. , Trepp Christian 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe results of a process analysis and an experimental exploratory study of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) show that elements of combustion technology are suitable to overcome the technical problems of SCWO. The Film Cooled Hydrothermal Burner (FCHB) which operates at 25 MPa up to 2000 K in the reaction zone keeping wall temperature under stress at 300 to 400 K shows further development potential of the Wallcooled Hydrothermal Burner (WHB) concept for SCWO, a still promising waste treatment process.
Radial solids fraction profiles in inlet region of high density circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Wei Fei , Jin Yong , Yu Zhiqing 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe radial solids fraction profiles in the inlet region of a high density circulating fluidized bed (HDCFB) are studied by a dual‐beam optic density sensor. Three kinds of inlet structures are employed to examine the axial developing process of the profiles. The acceleration effect of solids is analyzed by comparing the cross‐sectional average solids fraction obtained by the density sensor and differential pressure method. The results show that the radial solids fraction profile is largely influenced by the inlet structure. The length for the inlet effect region is no more than 1.5 m above the air injection.
Group theoretical model of surface tension for binary solutions
Authors: An Wang Fu , Li Jiang Yuan , Chang Wang Wen , Gao Jiang Deng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFrom the group statistical theory, a new universal equation is proposed for calculating the surface tension of solution with surface thermodynamics of solution. The simple form of the equation makes it convenient to use and its parameters have obvious physical meanings. With this model, we have explained the experimental phenomenan and empirical rules in cited works. Tested for 302 kinds of binary system, the overall absolute average deviation for 3230 data sets is 0.49%, making the model more accurate than those found in the literature. It also accounts for systems unsuitable for reference models because the phase states of the pure components are different under solution condition.
Modelling of the reversed flow fixed bed reactor for catalytic decontamination of waste gases
Authors: Grozev Georgi G. , Sapundzhiev Christo G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCatalytic decontamination of waste gases in a fixed bed reactor, operating at non‐steady state conditions achieved by periodic gas flow reversal, is simulated on the basis of a mathematical model. The opportunity to utilize a significant part of the reaction heat is discussed and the effect of catalyst inactivation upon reactor performance is analyzed. Stable temperature regime and conversion exceeding 99.5% could be ensured by a more than eightfold reduction of catalyst activity.
Absorption of NO in an alkaline solution of KMnO4
Authors: Brogren Charlotte , Karlsson Hans T. , Bjerle Ingemar 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA packed column has been used to study the absorption of nitrogen oxide in an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate. The reactions taking place during the absorption have been examined and the rate constants have been estimated from experimental data. The experiments show that potassium permanganate is an excellent absorbent for nitrogen oxide. However, to avoid formation of MnO2, the hydroxide concentration has to be very high, i.e. > 3 mol/l. It was found that the reaction could be expressed as first‐order with respect to NO and with respect to KMnO4. The rate constant may be expressed in terms of the hydroxide concentration as follows: kmn = 6114.9 101.9208 CNaOH m3 mol−1 s−1.
Optimization of fermentation medium composition in substrate‐controlled continuous stirred tank reactors
Authors: Beste Harald , Fackeldey Martin , Willems Marc , Stockmann Lars , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA ‘carbon source controlled shift technique’ was developed for fermentation medium optimization in continuous culture with the objective to maximize growth rate and growth‐linked product formation of a biological system. An automatic culture medium preparation system was operated together with 2 parallel stirred tank reactors and a HPLC system for on‐line analysis of the carbon source concentration in the reactors. A genetic algorithm was applied for experimental design. The concentrations of 7 medium components (mineral salts and vitamins) were optimized automatically within 40 continuous experiments to result in a maximum growth rate of the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii and growth‐linked production of the formate dehydrogenase enzyme (FDH). The specific growth rate of Candida boidinii and the specific activity of the FDH enzyme at a set‐point of 420 mM methanol in the reactor were, thus, improved by 19% to 0.16 h−1 and 26% to 164 U g−1, respectively, compared to the previously used medium, which has already been previously optimized in shake flask experiments. The results of the continuous medium optimization were evaluated with a full second order seven‐dimensional polynomial model (regression coefficient 96.8%).
Interaction of the Components in the Systems Ce—Ag—Si at 500 °C and Eu—Ag—Si at 400 °C.
Authors: Belan B. , Bodak O. , Gladyshevskii R. , Soroka I. , Kuzhel B. , Protsyk O. , Stets I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Bicapped α‐Keggin Unit‐Supported Transition Metal Complex: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2 [Cu(en)2]0.5 [Mo8V7O42{Cu(en)2}].
Authors: Zeng Qing‐Xin , Xu Ji‐Qing , Song Yu‐Jiang , Cui Xiao‐Bing , Shi Zhan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Iodoarylation Reaction of Alkynes: Easy Access to Derivatives of Benzofused Heterocycles.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Trincado Monica , Marco‐Arias Maria , Ballesteros Alfredo , Rubio Eduardo , Gonzalez Jose M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones into Carboxylic Acids and Esters Using 4‐Amino‐2‐chloroperbenzoic Acid Supported on Silica Gel.
Authors: Hashemi Mohammed M. , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Ahmadibeni Yousef , Karimi‐Jaberi Zahed , Ezabadi Ali 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Green Approach for the Conversion of Olefins into vic‐Halohydrins Using N‐Halosuccinimides in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Baishya Gakul , Harshavardhan S. J. , Chary Ch. Janardhana , Gupta Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Approach to Pro‐Drugs of Lactones: Water Soluble Imidate and ortho‐Ester Derivatives of a Furanone‐Based COX‐2 Selective Inhibitor.
Authors: Poon Steve F. , Stock Nicholas , Payne Joseph E. , McGuire Angela R. , Stearns Brian , Yang Xiaoqing , Chen Weichao , Munoz Benito , Smith Nicholas D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N‐Arylsulfonyl‐α‐thienylglycines from N‐(2,2,2‐Trichloro‐1‐thienylethyl)arenesulfonamides.
Authors: Aizina Yu. A. , Rozentsveig I. B. , Ushakova I. V. , Levkovskaya G. G. , Mirskova A. N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Pyrazolino‐ and Thiopyrimido‐fused Carbazoles from 2‐Ethylidene‐3,4‐dihydrocarbazol‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Danish Isravel Antony , Rajendra Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 5‐Tributylstannyl‐4‐fluoropyrazole.
Authors: Hanamoto Takeshi , Koga Yukinori , Kido Eisaku , Kawanami Toshio , Furuno Hiroshi , Inanaga Junji 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Aromatization of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 2‐Pyrazolines by Silica‐Supported N‐Bromosuccinimide as a Useful Reagent under Solvent Free “Dry” Condition.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Maleki Behrooz 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐Alkyl‐2‐[3(4)‐pyridyl]‐5‐(2‐vinyloxyethoxymethyl)oxazolidines
Authors: Kukharev B. F. , Stankevich V. K. , Lobanova N. A. , Klimenko G. R. , Kukhareva V. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Amino‐ and Acetylamino‐4‐methylcoumarins and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: Tyagi Yogesh K. , Kumar Ajit , Raj Hanumantharao G. , Vohra Parag , Gupta Garima , Kumari Ranju , Kumar Pankaj , Gupta Rajinder K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ionic Liquid Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Couplings of N‐Contained Heterocyclic Chlorides with Naphthaleneboronic Acids.
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Hsien , Tai Chia‐Cheng , Huang Yu‐Ting , Sun I‐Wen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quinone Imines with a Fused Azine Ring. Part 3. Synthesis and Reactivity of 8‐p‐Tolylsulfonylimino‐5,8‐dihydroquinolin‐5‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Belov A. V. , Nichvoloda V. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and DNA‐Binding Properties of Aminoacetylhydrazones of 9‐Formylanthracene and 9‐Formylacridine.
Authors: Lyakhova E. A. , Lyakov S. A. , Litvinova L. A. , Andronati S. A. , Lebedyuk M. N. , Fedchuk V. P. , Khorokhorina G. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Benzo‐1,2,5‐thiadiazines, Their Antimicrobial Activity and Isomerization into Benzo‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: Deohate Pradip P. , Deohate Jyoti P. , Berad B. N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Ir‐Catalyzed Borylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Structures of Naphthalene‐2,6‐bis(boronate), Pyrene‐2,7‐bis(boronate) and Perylene‐2,5,8,11‐tetra(boronate) Esters.
Authors: Coventry David N. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Goeta Andres E. , Howard Judith A. K. , Marder Todd B. , Perutz Robin N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of the Phosphine Analogues of Serine and Threonine.
Authors: Zhukov Yurii N. , Vavilova Nelli A. , Osipova Tat'yana I. , Khurs Elena N. , Dzhavakhiya Vitaly G. , Khomutov Radii M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metabolites of the Marine Fungus Humicola fuscoatra KMM 4629.
Authors: Smetanina O. F. , Kuznetsova T. A. , Gerasimenko A. V. , Kalinovsky A. I. , Pivkin M. V. , Dmitrenok P. C. , Elyakov G. B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Steroidal Glycoside Phrygioside A and Its Aglycone from the Starfish Hippasteria phrygiana
Authors: Levina E. V. , Kalinovskii A. I. , Andriyashchenko P. V. , Dmitrenok P. S. , Evtushenko E. V. , Stonik V. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of 4‐[(1H,3H)‐Pyrimidine‐2,4‐dion‐1‐yl]‐ and 4‐[(1H,3H)‐5‐Methylpyrimidine‐2,4‐dion‐1‐yl]‐1,6‐heptadienes.
Authors: Bouhadir Kamal H. , Zhou Jing‐Lan , Shevlin Philip B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐[(2‐Hydroxyethoxy)methyl] ‐6‐(5,6,7,8‐tetrahydronaphthylmethyl‐1)thymine as Novel Inhibitor Against Drug‐Resistant HIV Mutants.
Authors: Meng Ge , Kuang Yun‐Yan , Ji Lei , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Luminescent CdSe—Core CdS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnS Multishell Nanocrystals.
Authors: Xie Renguo , Kolb Ute , Li Jixue , Basche Thomas , Mews Alf 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Reactivity and Stereochemistry of New Phosphorus Heterocycles with 5‐ or 6‐Membered Rings
Authors: Cristau Henri‐Jean , Pirat Jean‐Luc , Virieux David , Monbrun Jerome , Ciptadi Ciptadi , Bekro Yves‐Alain 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Planar Dehydro[8]annulenes and Their Ramifications: Substituted Tribenzo[a,c,e]cyclooctenes and Tetrabenzo[a,c,e,g]cyclooctenes.
Authors: Hou Xue‐Long , Huang Hui , Wong Henry N. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Genetic expression profiles and biologic pathway alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Choi Peter , Chen Chu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity and is a major public health concern worldwide. To date, > 20 studies incorporating DNA microarray analyses have examined genomewide genetic expression changes associated with the development of HNSCC. The authors identified published reports of genetic expression profiles of HNSCC by Medline database search. They performed a review of the reports to identify genes that have been found repeatedly to exhibit substantially altered expression in HNSCC. Genes with altered expression were subsequently examined in the context of defined biologic systems with the use of GenMapp 2.0 pathway analysis software. Genes most commonly found to exhibit altered expression were those encoding for cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, inflammatory mediators, proteins involved in epidermal differentiation, and cell adhesion molecules. Results of GenMapp 2.0 analysis suggested global down‐regulation of genes that encode for ribosomal proteins and enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway; and up‐regulation of genes that encode for matrix metalloproteinases and genes that bear on the inflammatory response. The review indicated that there are several genes and pathways that exhibit substantially altered expression in cancerous versus noncancerous states across studies. Further investigation into the genomic, proteomic, and functional consequences of these gene expression alterations may provide insight into the pathophysiology of HNSCC. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Liposome‐encapsulated curcumin
Authors: Li Lan , Braiteh Fadi S. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause a role for nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma, this transcription factor is a potential target for the treatment of this devastating disease. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a phytochemical with potent NF‐κB‐inhibitory activity. It is pharmacologically safe, but its bioavailability is poor after oral administration.METHODSThe authors encapsulated curcumin in a liposomal delivery system that would allow intravenous administration. They studied the in vitro and in vivo effects of this compound on proliferation, apoptosis, signaling, and angiogenesis using human pancreatic carcinoma cells. NF‐κB was constitutively active in all human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines evaluated and liposomal curcumin consistently suppressed NF‐κB binding (electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay) and decreased the expression of NF‐κB‐regulated gene products, including cyclooxygenase‐2 (immunoblots) and interleukin‐8 (enzyme‐linked immunoassay), both of which have been implicated in tumor growth/invasiveness. These in vitro changes were associated with concentration and time‐dependent antiproliferative activity (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay [MTT assay]) and proapoptotic effects (annexin V/propidium iodide staining [fluorescence‐activated cell sorting] and polyadenosine‐5′‐diphosphate‐ribose‐polymerase cleavage).RESULTSThe activity of liposomal curcumin was equal to or better than that of free curcumin at equimolar concentrations. In vivo, curcumin suppressed pancreatic carcinoma growth in murine xenograft models and inhibited tumor angiogenesis.CONCLUSIONSLiposomal curcumin down‐regulated the NF‐κB machinery, suppressed growth, and induced apoptosis of human pancreatic cells in vitro. Antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects were observed in vivo. The experiments in the current study provide a biologic rationale for treatment of patients suffering from pancreatic carcinoma with this nontoxic phytochemical encapsulated in liposomes for systemic delivery. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The implementation of boundary conditions of the type u equals unknown constant in finite element codes
Authors: Segal A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this note we present a method to incorporate boundary conditions of the type u equals unknown constant in existing finite element codes, without disturbing the structure of the resulting finite element matrices. The method is applied to the problem of a flow around an obstacle and to two problems from lubrication theory. It is shown that the method presented does not require any extra computing time compared to problems with other types of boundary conditions.
The extrapolation of implicit methods for the constant coefficient diffusion–convection equation
Authors: Twizell E. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA fully implicit method and a Crank–Nicolson type method are considered for the solution of the constant coefficient diffusion–convection equation. The former method is seen to be first‐order accurate in time and to be L‐stable or L0‐stable depending on the convection parameter, while the latter is seen to be second‐order accurate in time and to be A‐stable or A0‐stable with oscillations in the solution. The accuracy in time of the fully implicit method is improved by extrapolation. The principal part of the local truncation error of the extrapolation method is shown to be slightly inferior to the Crank–Nicholson type method, but the extrapolation method is shown to be L‐stable or L0‐stable with only small oscillations evident in the solution. The computational requirements of the two second‐order methods are seen to be similar.
A flat triangular shell element with improved membrane interpolation
Authors: Carpenter Nicholas , Stolarski Henryk , Belytschko Ted 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn 18 degrees‐of‐freedom flat triangular shell element is formulated using the DKT bending element and a new membrane stress formulation. The membrane stress formulation is based on a degenerate linear strain triangle utilizing in‐plane rotations at each node. This new formulation is very simple and satisfies the plane stress patch test. Based on the numerical results from a rigorous set of test problems, the new formulation is shown to be an improvement over earlier attempts to improve the membrane stress in the shell element.
Finite deformations of a viscoelastic roll cover contacting a rigid plane surface
Authors: Bapat C. N. , Batra R. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSteady‐state finite plane strain deformations of a uniformly rotating rubber‐covered roll contacting a rigid plane surface have been studied by the finite element method. The rubberlike material has been modelled by a constitutive relation recently proposed by Christensen. Both the hydrostatic pressure within an element and the nodal displacements are taken as independent variables. For a constant indentation of the roll cover, the effect of the change in the thickness of the rubberlike layer, the speed of rotation and the values of the material moduli on the total load required to cause the indentation are presented.
A generalization of Uzawa's algorithm for the solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Fortin M. , Fortin A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUsawa's algorithm provides an efficient method for solving the divergence‐free Stokes problem. On the other hand, the Newton–Raphson scheme is very popular for the solution of the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations. We propose here a new method that combines these two algorithms and converges to a divergence‐free solution of the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations.