bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive copolymerization of various monomers based on lactams and lactones in a twin‐screw extruder
Authors: Kim In , White James L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of polyamide–polyester‐based diblock, triblock, and random block copolymers was carried out in a modular, corotating twin‐screw extruder via reactive extrusion. ω‐Lauryllactam (LA), ϵ‐caprolactam (CA), and ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) were used as monomers for the synthesis of the copolymers in the twin‐screw extruder. Generally, CL was added downstream. Sodium hydride was the initiator, and N‐acetylcaprolactam was the coinitiator. The syntheses of poly(LA‐b‐CL), poly(LA/CA‐b‐CL), and poly(LA‐b‐CA‐b‐CL) were attempted. Poly(LA/CA‐b‐CL) was a random LA–CA copolymer with a block of CL. The simultaneous feeding of LA and CA with the initiator systems was added to the first hopper of the twin‐screw extruder, and the addition of CL downstream to a second hopper (without the initiator) was used to form this block copolymer. The thermal, mechanical, rheological, and structural properties of the various copolymers were investigated and compared with those of the homopolymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96:1875–1887, 2005
Preparation and mechanical characteristics of poly(methylaniline) based electrorheological fluid
Authors: Choi S. B. , Choi H. J. , Choi Y. T. , Wereley N. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPoly(methylaniline) (PMA) was chemically synthesized and its polymerization was confirmed via an FT‐IR. Anhydrous electrorheological (ER) fluid consisting of semiconducting PMA particles dispersed in silicone oil was then prepared, and its mechanical properties such as tensile and compressive stresses were experimentally investigated using a squeeze mode type apparatus that was devised by integrating a motion controller and data acquisition system. The intensity of electric field, electrode velocity, and initial gap were chosen as important test parameters that influence the tensile and compressive characteristics of the ER fluid. The maximum tensile stresses were evaluated at each condition, and a microstructure was also investigated during compressive motion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1924–1929, 2005
Antifungal Activity and Studies on Mode of Action of Novel Xanthoxyline‐Derived Chalcones
Authors: Boeck Paula , Leal Paulo C. , Yunes Rosendo A. , Filho Valdir Cechinel , López Silvia , Sortino Maximiliano , Escalante Andrea , Furlán Ricardo L. E. , Zacchino Susana 
Published: March 2005

AbstractChalcones and chalcone‐like compounds, most of them new ones, prepared by base‐catalyzed condensation of appropriate aldehydes and xanthoxyline, were tested for antifungal properties against a panel of yeasts, hialohyphomycetes as well as dermatophytes with the agar dilution assay. Results indicate that neither the sole presence of a “xanthoxyline‐like” substitution pattern nor a 2′‐OH substituent on ring A are sufficient for these compounds to have antifungal properties. The chalcone 3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐(2′‐hydroxy‐4′,6′‐dimethoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one, with a Cl atom in the ortho position of benzene ring B showed the best antifungal activity against standardized strains of Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL) and inhibited all of the ten clinical isolates of T. rubrum tested (MIC at which 50 % [MIC50] and 90 % [MIC90] of the isolates were inhibited = 12.5 and 25 μg/mL). Regarding its mode of action, the Neurospora crassa assay showed a blotchy appearance in the inhibition halo produced by this chalcone, strongly suggesting that it could act by inhibiting the fungal cell wall. This chalcone seems to be an hyphal malformation inducer, since a clear curling of the hypha was observed in this hazy zone at a magnification of × 400. This work strongly contributes to the knowledge of the antifungal properties of hydroxy‐chalcones.
Modellierung der Baugrund‐Tragwerk‐Interaktion: Ein Fundament der geotechnischen Entwurfspraxis
Authors: Boley Conrad , Unold Florian , Morgen Karl , Wurzer Otto 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Ursachen und Auswirkungen der Baugrund‐Tragwerk‐Interaktion. Welche Möglichkeiten es gibt, die Interaktion zwischen Baugrund und Tragwerk zu berücksichtigen, bzw. welche Folgen es haben kann, wenn sie vernachlässigt wird, soll anhand einiger Beispiele aus der Baupraxis verdeutlicht werden.
Beton‐Bodenplatten für Hallen‐ und Freiflächen: Konstruktion und Bemessung
Authors: Stenzel Gerhard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBeton‐Bodenplatten im Industriebau dienen als Fahrbahn, Lagerfläche und Gründungsbauteil, z. B. für Hochregallager. An die Gebrauchseigenschaften Rutschfestigkeit, Ebenheit, Verschleißfestigkeit, Widerstand gegen chemischen Angriff, Dauerhaftigkeit und Standsicherheit werden hohe Anforderungen gestellt. Deshalb ist gerade bei Beton‐Bodenplatten eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung der Planungs‐ und Bauaufgabe besonders wichtig, um eine wirtschaftliche Konstruktion (niedrige Herstellkosten und geringer Unterhaltsaufwand) gemeinsam mit dem Bauherrn festlegen zu können. In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Konstruktions‐ und Bemessungsregeln für Beton‐Bodenplatten zusammenfassend dargestellt, um das Finden der für jeden Einzelfall optimalen Lösung zu erleichtern.
Oberflächenbearbeitung von Industriebetonböden bei Verwendung von SVB mit und ohne Fasern
Authors: Satter Ingo , Linsel Stefan , Knoop Volker , Dehn Frank 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSelbstverdichtender Beton (SVB) ist eine der wichtigen baustofftechnischen Innovationen der letzten Jahre, der jedoch die Hersteller und Verarbeiter bei bestimmten Anwendungen immer noch vor Probleme stellt. Hierzu zählt beispielsweise die Verwendung von SVB für Industriebetonböden. Insbesondere hinsichtlich der Oberflächenbearbeitung und Ebenheitsanforderungen werden Schwierigkeiten gesehen. Nachfolgender Bericht faßt Praxisversuche zu diesem Aspekt zusammen und zeigt, daß auch für diesen Anwendungsfall der SVB eine Alternative zur konventionellen Bauweise darstellt.
Wohin mit der “Platte”? Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft der Plattenbausubstanz im Osten Deutschlands
Authors: Künzel Eberhard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn Deutschland wurde ab Mitte der 1950er Jahre eine Vielzahl von Wohnungen, insbesondere im Osten Deutschlands, in Plattenbauweise errichtet. Diese Bausubstanz wurde im Rahmen des Programms “Stadtumbau Ost” in den letzten Jahren umfangreich saniert und modernisiert. Heute werden vorwiegend Leistungen des Rückbaus und des Abrisses realisiert, um dem Wohnungsleerstand entgegenzuwirken. Die freigesetzten Baustoffe und Bauteile der Tragstruktur und des technischen Ausbaues sind einer effizienten weiteren Verwertung zuzuführen.
Progressiver Kollaps von Bauwerken
Authors: Starossek Uwe 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDas Versagen eines Tragwerkselements kann zum Versagen anderer Tragwerkselemente führen. Auf diese Weise kann sich das Versagen als progressiver Kollaps durch große Teile oder die Gesamtheit des Bauwerks fortpflanzen. Es wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung im Bereich des progressiven Kollapses gegeben. Grundlagen für eine künftig regelhafte Gewährleistung von Resistenz gegen progressiven Kollaps werden dargelegt. Untersuchungsmethoden sowie Entwurfs‐ und Nachweisregeln werden diskutiert.
Einlagige Rundlitzenseile in Beton: Modellbildung und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Avak Ralf , Wille Frank 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDie allgemeingültige Anwendung von nicht vorgespannten Stahlseilen als statisch anrechenbare Bewehrung erfordert genaue Kenntnisse über das Verbundverhalten derselben mit dem umgebenden Beton. Darüber hinaus wird eine Charakterisierung des Dehnverhaltens der Betondrahtseile erforderlich. Umfangreiche experimentelle Untersuchungen sind hierzu umgesetzt worden. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen von Pull‐Out Tests ist eine Verbundspannungs‐Verschiebungsbeziehung abgeleitet worden. Diese erlaubt, den Verbund zwischen einbetoniertem Drahtseil (im folgenden “Betondrahtseil”) und Beton rechnerisch zu erfassen.Des weiteren wurden umfangreiche Dehntests an Betondrahtseilen durchgeführt, um die Gesetzmäßigkeiten des Verbundwerkstoffs zu formulieren. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wird eine Bestimmungsgleichung für den Elastizitätsmodul der Betondrahtseile vorgeschlagen. Die Modelle erlauben die Berechnung von Verankerungslängen und können Rißbreiten abschätzen. Hieraus lassen sich Einsatzmöglichkeiten ableiten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden bestehende und potentielle Anwendungen von Betondrahtseilen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Das neue Mercedes‐Benz Museum in Stuttgart. Oder: Von der Zwangsläufigkeit des dreidimensionalen Planens
Authors: Klein Dietmar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn unmittelbarer Nähe zum DaimlerChrysler‐Werk in Stuttgart‐Untertürkheim entsteht bis 2006 das neue Mercedes‐Benz Museum. Das Museum wird auf 16500 Quadratmetern Ausstellungsfläche 175 Exponate beherbergen und voraussichtlich 700000 Besucher pro Jahr anziehen. Das Gebäude zeichnet sich durch seine hochkomplexe Geometrie aus, die eine äußerst enge Zusammenarbeit aller beteiligten Planer und der ausführenden Firma verlangte sowie die völlige Planung des Gebäudes in 3D.
Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke aus Hochleistungsbeton: Brücke über die Ackermannstraße in München
Authors: Wulf Ralf , Stante Christian , Scholz Ulrich , Krumpholz Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn einer städtebaulich exponierten Lage ist es geradezu obligatorisch, für ein Brückenneubauprojekt einen Realisierungswettbewerb auszuloben, wenn das Ergebnis eine wirtschaftliche Lösung mit hohem gestalterischen Anspruch sein soll. Der Siegerentwurf überzeugte die Jury nicht nur durch die elegante Linienführung und hohe Übereinstimmung zwischen landschaftlicher und gebauter Struktur, sondern auch durch die Verwendung von modernen Werkstoffen wie Hochleistungsbeton und Glas als Brüstungselement. Mit diesen innovativen Baustoffen ließ sich ein schlankes und transparentes Bauwerk verwirklichen. Eine zwingende Voraussetzung für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Hochleistungsbeton ist jedoch die genaue Kenntnis der Material‐ und Verarbeitungseigenschaften. Eingehende Untersuchungen und Prüfungen vor Ausführungsbeginn sind für die Bauwerksqualität entscheidend, praxisnahe Versuchsanordnungen sind hierbei unumgänglich. Der Beitrag schildert die Grundlagen, Anforderungen und Ergebnisse des Wettbewerbs und berichtet über Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Hochleistungsbeton und Glas im Brückenbau.
Gene delivery through cell culture substrate adsorbed DNA complexes
Authors: Bengali Zain , Pannier Angela K. , Segura Tatiana , Anderson Brian C. , Jang Jae‐Hyung , Mustoe Thomas A. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEfficient gene delivery is a fundamental goal of biotechnology and has numerous applications in both basic and applied science. Substrate‐mediated delivery and reverse transfection enhance gene transfer by increasing the concentration of DNA in the cellular microenvironment through immobilizing a plasmid to a cell culture substrate prior to cell seeding. In this report, we examine gene delivery of plasmids that were complexed with cationic polymers (polyplexes) or lipids (lipoplexes) and subsequently immobilized to cell culture or biomaterial substrates by adsorption. Polyplexes and lipoplexes were adsorbed to either tissue culture polystyrene or serum‐adsorbed tissue culture polystyrene. The quantity of DNA immobilized increased with time of exposure, and the deposition rate and final amount deposited depended upon the properties of the substrate and complex. For polyplexes, serum modification enhanced reporter gene expression up to 1500‐fold relative to unmodified substrates and yielded equivalent or greater expression compared to bolus delivery. For lipoplexes, serum modification significantly increased the number of transfected cells relative to unmodified substrates yet provided similar levels of expression. Immobilized complexes transfect primary cells with improved cellular viability relative to bolus delivery. Finally, this substrate‐mediated delivery approach was extended to a widely used biomaterial, poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide). Immobilization of DNA complexes to tissue culture polystyrene substrates can be a useful tool for enhancing gene delivery for in vitro studies. Additionally, adapting this system to biomaterials may facilitate application to fields such as tissue engineering. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validity of the Glasgow Aneurysm Score and the Hardman Index in predicting outcome after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Tambyraja A L , Fraser S C A , Murie J A , Chalmers R T A 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe Glasgow Aneurysm Score and the Hardman Index have been recommended as predictors of outcome after repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study aimed to assess their validities.MethodsPatients admitted to a single unit with a ruptured AAA over a 2-year interval (2000–2001) were identified from a prospectively compiled database. Hospital records of all patients undergoing attempted operative repair were reviewed. The Glasgow Aneurysm Score and the Hardman Index were calculated retrospectively and related to clinical outcome.ResultsOne hundred patients were admitted with a ruptured AAA. Of these, 82 underwent attempted operative repair and were included in the study: 68 men and 14 women, of median age 73 (range 54–87) years. Thirty (37 per cent) patients died after the operation. The Glasgow Aneurysm Score was a poor predictor of postoperative mortality. The area under the Receiver–Operator Characteristic curve was 0·606 (P = 0·112, 95 per cent c.i. 0·483–0·729). Similarly, the Hardman Index failed to predict postoperative mortality accurately (P = 0·211, χ2 for trend). Of nine patients in this series with three or more Hardman criteria, generally held to be fatal, six survived.ConclusionContrary to previous reports, The Glasgow Aneurysm Score and the Hardman Index were poor predictors of postoperative mortality after repair of a ruptured AAA in this study.
The role of primary repair for colonic injuries in wartime
Authors: Hudolin T , Hudolin I 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
The study reviewed an experience of selective primary repair for penetrating colonic injuries incorporating a number of procedures during the 1992–1995 Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict.

Methods
Of 5370 casualties, 259 (4·8 per cent) had injuries to the colon. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had primary repair and those who needed a colostomy. The patients' records were reviewed to determine the cause of injury (explosive weapons or bullets), the position and type of colon injury, associated injuries, the surgical procedure(s) done, complications related to the colonic wound or its management, and mortality.

Results
Some 122 (47·1 per cent) patients had primary colonic repair and 137 (52·9 per cent) had a colostomy. One hundred and fifty (57·9 per cent) were injured by explosive weapons, 108 (41·7 per cent) had bullet wounds and one (0·4 per cent) a stab injury. Associated injuries were seen in 249 (96·1 per cent) patients. Complications related to the colonic wound or its management developed in 27 per cent of patients after primary repair and 30 per cent after colostomy. Mortality rates were 8·2 per cent and 7·2 per cent, respectively.

Conclusion
Primary repair was a safe and effective treatment for penetrating colonic injuries during war.
Laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernias
Authors: Aly A , Munt J , Jamieson G G , Ludemann R , Devitt P G , Watson D I 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe repair of large hiatal hernias can be technically challenging. Most series describing laparoscopic repair report only symptomatic outcomes and the true recurrence rate, including asymptomatic recurrence, is not well documented. This study evaluated the long-term outcome of laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernias.MethodsAll patients who had undergone laparoscopic repair of a large hiatus hernia (more than 50 per cent of the stomach in the hernia) with a minimum 2-year clinical follow-up were identified from a prospectively maintained database. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess symptoms and a barium swallow radiograph was performed to determine anatomy. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with recurrence.ResultsOf 100 eligible patients, clinical follow-up was available in 96. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 8 (median 4) years. In patients with preoperative reflux symptoms, there were significant improvements in heartburn and dysphagia scores after surgery. Overall, 80 per cent of patients rated their outcome as good or excellent. Sixty patients underwent a postoperative barium meal examination that identified 14 radiological hernia recurrences (eight small, three medium and three large). Four other patients in this group of 60 had previously undergone reoperation for early and late recurrence (two of each), giving an overall recurrence rate of 18 of 60 (30 per cent). One third of patients with recurrence were totally asymptomatic and the presence of postoperative symptoms did not reliably predict the presence of anatomical recurrence. Younger age and increased weight at operation were independent risk factors contributing to recurrence.ConclusionsLaparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernias yields good clinical outcome. Recurrence after laparoscopic repair seems to be more common than previously thought. Objective anatomical studies are required to determine the true recurrence rate. The majority of recurrences are not large and do not cause significant symptoms.
Cutting balloon recanalization for femoral artery stenosis in a child: A case report
Authors: Garty Yael , Benson Lee 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA chronic femoral artery stenosis associated with an ipsilateral leg length discrepancy was found resistant to high‐pressure balloon angioplasty. Improvement in vessel caliber and relief of the stenosis were achieved after a cutting balloon. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid prototyping to create vascular replicas from CT scan data: Making tools to teach, rehearse, and choose treatment strategies
Authors: Knox K. , Kerber Charles W. , Singel S.A. , Bailey M.J. , Imbesi S.G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOur goal was to develop and prove the accuracy of a system that would allow us to re‐create live patient arterial pathology. Anatomically accurate replicas of blood vessels could allow physicians to teach and practice dangerous interventional techniques and might also be used to gather basic physiologic information. The preparation of replicas has, until now, depended on acquisition of fresh cadaver material. Using rapid prototyping, it should be able to replicate vascular pathology in a live patient. We obtained CT angiographic scan data from two patients with known arterial abnormalities. We took such data and, using proprietary software, created a 3D replica using a commercially available rapid prototyping machine. From the prototypes, using a lost wax technique, we created vessel replicas, placed those replicas in the CT scanner, then compared those images with the original scans. Comparison of the images made directly from the patient and from the replica showed that with each step, the relationships were maintained, remaining within 3% of the original, but some smoothing occurred in the final computer manipulation. From routinely obtainable CT angiographic data, it is possible to create accurate replicas of human vascular pathology with the aid of commercially available stereolithography equipment. Visual analysis of the images appeared to be as important as the measurements. With 64 and 128 slice detector scanners becoming available, acquisition times fall enough that we should be able to model rapidly moving structures such as the aortic root. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of Monomeric and Novolak Azo Dyes in Nanofluid Segments by Use of a Double Injector Chip Reactor
Authors: Günther P. M. , Möller F. , Henkel T. , Köhler J. M. , Groß G. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe azo coupling of 2‐naphthol and cresol novolaks was performed as an example for organic reactions in a microsegmented flow system with microspectrophotometric on‐line characterization. A lithographically prepared glass/glass chip microreactor was used for the generation of segments and the mixing of reaction partners. The formation of segments and their transport behavior is strongly influenced by the addition of surfactants. The reaction rates were high in alkaline media at room temperature, so that the formation of dyes could be observed by a microscope‐video system. The single reaction volumes were in the range between about 0.05 and 1 μL. The spectrum of each segment was registered with a measuring frequency of 45–50 Hz. The residence time of segments inside the optical measurement channels varied between 0.1 and 1.5 s and is in the range of 0.3 s for typical segment sizes of about 150 nL. The single reaction segments containing azo dyes as well as polymer‐based azo dyes were stored in segment sequences inside capillary Teflon tubes.
Microstructured Mixers for Gas‐Phase Processes – Manufacture, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Pfeifer P. , Bohn L. , Görke O. , Haas‐Santo K. , Schygulla U. , Schubert K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe extremely high mixing quality reached by microstructured mixers in diffusion mixing under laminar flow conditions, as well as in mixing under turbulent flows is attributed to short mixing paths. The design of the micro devices and mixing volumes determine the flow condition to be achieved. In devices fabricated according to the multi‐lamination principle, for instance, both laminar and turbulent mixing may take place due to the generally large mixing volumes. In microstructures, where the mixing volume is only a bit larger than the supply channels of the fluids, the mixing quality is dependent on diffusion or secondary flow, which may improve the mixing results. Commonly, the latter mixers can be scaled up by multiplying the mixing geometry (numbering up of the devices). As very rapid reactions between the mixed media frequently occur in the gas mixing range (e.g., combustion reactions) and turbulent flow is preferred, the present contribution primarily deals with mixers designed by the Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) on the basis of the multi‐lamination principle. Among the key aspects covered are the manufacture of the pressure‐resistant metal devices by the microstructurization of foil bands and the characterization of these devices by determining their mixing qualities in the gas phase. Studies carried out to assess the suitability of these mixers as flame arresters are also presented. Some model applications will be highlighted.
Microstructured Reactors for Heterogeneously Catalyzed Gas‐Phase Reactions on an Industrial Scale
Authors: Markowz G. , Schirrmeister S. , Albrecht J. , Becker F. , Schütte R. , Caspary K. J. , Klemm E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHeterogeneously catalyzed gas‐phase reactions are of great technical and economic importance in the chemical industry. Enormous resources continue to be expended on the development and optimization of catalysts, technical concepts for reactors, and/or operating conditions. Microreaction technology is very well suited to making extremely valuable contributions here in many different ways. On account of the geometric ratios and also the high specific surface areas, heat‐ and mass‐transport limitations can generally be largely excluded or drastically reduced. This allows process conditions that cannot be realized in most conventional apparatus, as is convincingly demonstrated by, for example, the possibility of safely carrying out reactions involving explosive mixtures.