bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of high‐grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: Nonsmall‐cell or small‐cell type?
Authors: Yang Yi Jun , Steele Cindy T. , Ou Xiao Lan , Snyder Kathleen P. , Kohman Leslie J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA consensus optimal therapy for large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung has not been achieved since this entity was proposed in 1991. Accumulation of clinical data and investigation, however, can be greatly impeded by erroneous cytological diagnosis, based on which treatment may be initiated. To avoid erroneous diagnoses, cytological criteria need to be defined. Twenty cases of fine‐needle aspiration specimens with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor by either cytology or follow‐up histology were retrospectively reviewed for cytomorphologic features. Patients' clinical data were also reviewed. Three cytomorphologic patterns were identified for large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, i.e., nonsmall‐cell‐like, small‐cell‐like and, mixed nonsmall‐cell‐small‐cell‐like. Small‐cell‐like large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma can be mistaken for small‐cell carcinoma. The most important differential features between these two entities are nuclear size and perceptibility of nucleoli of tumor cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:292–300, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of P2X7 receptor pore dilation: Pharmacological and functional consequences
Authors: Chessell I.P. , Grahames C.B.A. , Michel A.D. , Humphrey P.P.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe biophysical and functional properties of the human P2X7 receptor, expressed recombinantly in HEK‐293 cells or natively in THP‐1 pro‐monocytic cells, were investigated in the context of pore dilation and externalisation of mature interleukin 1β (IL1β). In HEK‐293 cells, the agonist 2′‐ and 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐ATP (BzATP) caused concentration‐dependent inward currents (EC50 59 μM) and with prolonged application this agonist caused a gradual increase in inward current culminating in a plateau. This increase in current was associated with pore dilation, determined by intracellular accumulation of YO‐PRO‐1. BzATP displayed increased potency at the pore‐dilated form of the P2X7 receptor (EC50 17 μM), and positive correlations between apparent receptor density and speed of pore dilation were observed. A monoclonal antibody selectively blocked current mediated by the naïve receptor, while currents through pore‐dilated receptors were not significantly affected, which together suggest a conformational change at the level of the receptor during the dilation event. The release of mature IL1β from THP‐1 cells was independent of P2X7‐mediated cell lysis, as determined by study of lactate dehydrogenase release. Moreover, using conditions designed to minimise pore dilation (using buffers containing 2 mM Ca2+ and 1 mM Mg2+), BzATP caused significant release of IL1β, but without concomitant YO‐PRO‐1 accumulation, indicating pore dilation is not required for IL1β release. In addition, short (4‐min) incubation of THP‐1 cells with BzATP (terminated by enzymatic degradation of BzATP using apyrase) resulted in significant quantities of IL1β release some 60 min later, suggesting commitment of cells to release IL1β can be triggered with only brief receptor ligation. These findings suggest that receptor expression and ligation time are critical factors for selecting multiple functional states of P2X7. Drug Dev. Res. 53:60–65, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P2Y2 receptors regulate multiple signal transduction pathways in monocytic cells
Authors: Weisman G.A. , Griffin K. , Santiago‐Pérez L.I. , Liu J. , Krugh B. , Flores R.V. , Chorna N.E. , Santos‐Berríos C. , Vivas‐Mejía P.E. , Garrad R.C. , González F.A. , Erb L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActivation of P2Y2 receptors by extracellular nucleotides induces cellular responses required for differentiation of human promonocytic U937 cells. Multiple signal transduction pathways are independently coupled to P2Y2 receptors in U937 cells, including stimulation of phospholipase C (PLC)‐dependent calcium mobilization and phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases. In U937 cells, P2Y2 receptors couple to the MAP kinases MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 via phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) and c‐Src. ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by UTP was inhibited by the PI3‐K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002, the c‐Src inhibitors radicicol and PP2, and the inhibitor of actin polymerization, cytochalasin D, but not by inhibitors of calcium‐dependent protein kinase C isoforms. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by UTP was independent of calcium mobilization, since chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA had no effect. The importance of multiprotein complexes in mediating G‐protein‐coupled receptor signaling has recently been recognized. Studies with an epitope‐tagged P2Y2 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells indicated that activation of the P2Y2 receptor with UTP causes it to colocalize with the EGF receptor. The P2Y2 receptor also contains the consensus integrin‐binding motif arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) in its first extracellular loop that was hypothesized to promote interactions with integrins. Results of immunofluorescence and peptide binding experiments suggest that wild‐type, RGD‐containing receptors, but not RGE mutant receptors, can form complexes with αVβ3/β5 integrins and the integrin‐associated thrombospondin receptor (CD47). Compared to wild‐type P2Y2 receptors, RGE mutant receptors required 1,000‐fold higher concentrations of ATP or UTP to activate PLC‐dependent calcium mobilization and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ERK1/2. Competition studies indicated that an RGDS peptide inhibited the P2Y2 receptor‐mediated phosphorylation of FAK and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that the RGD domain of the P2Y2 receptor is required to promote efficient coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, P2Y2 receptors regulate divergent signal transduction pathways that are dependent on the formation of multiprotein complexes including EGF receptors and integrins. Our studies encourage further attempts to develop strategies to independently regulate these pathways at steps proximal to P2Y2 receptors. Drug Dev. Res. 53:186–192, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of extracellular nucleotide‐mediated signaling by CD39/nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase‐1
Authors: Robson Simon C. , Enjyoji Keiichi , Goepfert Christian , Imai Masato , Kaczmarek Elzbieta , Lin Yuan , Sévigny Jean , Warny Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtracellular nucleotide stimulation of purinergic/pyrimidinergic type‐2 (P2) receptors are components of platelet, endothelial cell (EC), and leukocyte activation that culminate in vascular thrombosis and inflammation in vivo. CD39, the prototype nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (or NTPDase‐1), is highly expressed on quiescent endothelium, monocytes, and activated lymphocytes and therefore could influence these pathways. The potential of NTPDase‐1 to regulate P2‐receptor function in the vasculature has been established by our generation of cd39‐null mice. These mice exhibit a prothrombotic vascular phenotype ascribed to overexpression of tissue factor by endothelial cells following aberrant P2‐ (and potentially adenosine 2a/3) receptor activation. Mutant mice also show perturbations in hemostasis, secondary to platelet P2Y1‐receptor desensitization. In addition, administration of soluble NTPDase and/or induction of CD39 overexpression by adenoviral vectors consistently result in amelioration of vascular injury in several animal models tested. CD39 is also the major NTPDase expressed by monocyte‐macrophages (Mo). Upregulation of tissue factor expression by Mo in vitro and alterations in splenic populations in vivo have been observed in cd39‐null mice. Paradoxical inhibition of integrin‐mediated adhesion and transendothelial migration of cd39‐null Mo are also related to aberrant P2‐receptor activation and have also been observed in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of CD39 following infection with recombinant adenoviral vectors also blocks LPS‐induced ATP secretion and inhibits IL‐1 release in vitro. These studies confirm a role for CD39 in the differential regulation of P2‐receptor activity and function in platelets, vascular, and immune cells. Drug Dev. Res. 53:193–207, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostaglandylinositol cyclic phosphate (cPIP): a novel second messenger of insulin action. Comparative analysis of two kinds of ‘insulin mediators’
Authors: Shashkin Pavel N. , Wasner Heinrich K. , Ortmeyer Heidi K. , Hansen Barbara C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInsulin induces a broad spectrum of effects over a wide time interval. It also stimulates the phosphorylation of some cellular proteins, while decreasing the state of phosphorylation of others. These observations indicate the presence of different, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, pathways of insulin action. One well‐known pathway represents a phosphorylation cascade initiated by the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor followed by involvement of different MAP‐kinases. Another pathway suggests the existence of low molecular weight insulin mediators whose synthesis and/or release is initiated by insulin. Comparable analysis of two kinds of insulin mediators, namely inositolphosphoglycans and prostaglandylinositol cyclic phosphate (cPIP), has been carried out. It has been shown that the expression of a number of enzymes, such as phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, cyclo‐oxygenase and IRS‐1‐like enzyme, could regulate the biosynthesis of cPIP in both normal and diabetes‐related conditions. Data on the activity of a key enzyme of cPIP biosynthesis termed cPIP synthase (IRS‐1‐like enzyme) in various monkey tissues before and twice during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp have been presented. It has been concluded that in vivo insulin increases cPIP synthase activity in both liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of lean normal monkeys. It has been also suggested that abnormal production of cPIP could be related to several pathologies including glucocorticoid‐induced insulin resistance and diabetic embryopathy. Further studies on cPIP and other types of insulin mediators are necessary to aid our understanding of insulin action. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The insulin gene in diabetes
Authors: Pugliese Alberto , Miceli Donatella 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLack of insulin production or abnormalities affecting insulin secretion are key to the development of almost all forms of diabetes, including the common type 1 (insulin‐dependent) and type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent) diabetes and the more rare forms of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Because insulin has such a central role in the pathogenesis of both forms of diabetes, the insulin gene (INS) has always been considered a candidate susceptibility gene. A number of studies have shown that the allelic variation and parent‐of‐origin effects affect the transmission and expression of the insulin gene in pancreatic β‐cells and extra‐pancreatic tissues. These observations have led to the formulation of new hypotheses to explain the biological mechanisms by which functional differences in the expression of the insulin gene may contribute to diabetes susceptibility. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multistep role for actin in initial closure of the mesencephalic neural groove in the chick embryo
Authors: Van Straaten Henny W.M. , Sieben Inge , Hekking Johan W.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a previous study, we have demonstrated that initial closure of the mesencephalic neural groove in the chick embryo is different from neurulation elsewhere. The neural groove invaginates, the walls appose and make contact in a ventrodorsal direction, and subsequently separate ventrally, forming an incipient neural tube lumen, which finally widens into a definitive lumen. In this study, a role for actin in the processes of this initial mesencephalic closure is studied. Based on rhodamine‐phalloidin–stained sections, three distinct actin distribution patterns emerged, and time‐lapse video microscopy revealed cytochalasin‐D–reversible neurulation movements. We propose that actin is involved in formation and stabilization of the neural groove hinge point, in invagination of dorsal neuroepithelial cells into the neural groove, in the origin of the incipient lumen and the reinforcement of adhesion of the dorsal neural folds, and finally in the development of a wide lumen. Such a multifunctional effect of actin microfilaments within a narrow time window and at specific sites has not been reported yet. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell proliferation and movement during early fin regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Poleo German , Brown Christopher W. , Laforest Lynda , Akimenko Marie‐Andrée 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCell proliferation and cell movement during early regeneration of zebrafish caudal fins were examined by injecting BrdU and Di‐I, respectively. In normal fins of adult fish, a small number of proliferating cells are observed in the epidermis only. Shortly following amputation, epithelial cells covered the wound to form the epidermal cap but did not proliferate. However, by 24 hr, epithelial cells proximal to the level of amputation were strongly labeled with BrdU. Label incorporation was also detected in a few mesenchymal cells. Proliferating cells in the basal epithelial layer were first observed at 48 hr at the level of the newly formed lepidotrichia. At 72 hr, proliferating mesenchymal cells were found distal to the plane of amputation whereas more proximal labeled cells included mainly those located between the lepidotrichia and the basal membrane. When BrdU‐injected fins were allowed to regenerate for longer periods, labeled cells were observed in the apical epidermal cap, a location where cells are not thought to proliferate. This result is suggestive of cell migration. Epithelial cells, peripheral to the rays or in the tissue between adjacent rays, were labeled with Di‐I and were shown to quickly migrate towards the site of amputation, the cells closer to the wound migrating faster. Amputation also triggered migration of cells of the connective tissue located between the hemirays. Although cell movement was induced up to seven segments proximal from the level of amputation, cells located within two segments from the wound provided the main contribution to the blastema. Thus, cell proliferation and migration contribute to the early regeneration of zebrafish fins. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transglutaminase factor XIIIA in the cartilage of developing avian long bones
Authors: Nurminskaya M.V. , Recheis B. , Nimpf J. , Magee Cordula , Linsenmayer T.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPreviously, we showed that mRNA for transglutaminase factor XIIIA (FXIIIA) is up‐regulated in the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate of the chicken tibiotarsus, a well‐characterized model of long bone development. In the present study, we have studied the distribution of the FXIIIA protein and of transglutaminase enzymatic activity in this growth plate, as well as in the cartilage of the epiphysis, which includes that of the articular surface. By immunohistochemical analysis, the protein is detected in the zone of maturation, where it is mostly intracellular, and in the hypertrophic zone, where it is present both intracellularly and in the extracellular matrix. The intracellular enzyme is mostly a zymogen, as determined with an antibody specific for the activation peptide. Externalization of FXIIIA is accompanied by enzyme activation. To study the pattern of transglutaminase activity, a synthetic transglutaminase substrate, rhodamine‐conjugated tetrapeptide (Pro‐Val‐Lys‐Gly), was used for pulse labeling in organ cultures. Intensive incorporation of the fluorescent substrate was observed throughout the hypertrophic zone and in the cells surrounding the forming blood vessels. The patterns of FXIIIA immunostaining and substrate incorporation overlap almost completely. The cartilaginous factor XIIIA is different from the plasma form in that, both intracellularly and extracellularly, it exists as a monomer, as determined by Western analysis, whereas the plasma form of FXIII is a tetrameric complex composed of both A and B subunits. We also identified FXIIIA and transglutaminase activity within the articular and condylar regions of the tarsus, suggesting a possible involvement of mechanical pressure and/or stress in the production of the molecule and subsequent cross‐linking of the cartilage matrix. Thus, transglutaminases, in particular FXIIIA, are involved in the formation of long bones through its activity both in the hypertrophic region of the growth plate and in the formation of articular/epiphyseal cartilages. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autism spectrum disorders and low body weight: Is there really a systematic association?
Authors: Bölte Sven , Özkara Nihal , Poustka Fritz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between autism spectrum disorders and low body weight.MethodThe effect of maladaptive social and communicative behavior as well as stereotyped features on the normative body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 103 subjects with autism or Asperger syndrome. Statistics were controlled for medication, neurological signs, overactivity, and general intelligence.ResultsTwenty‐eight percent of the male individuals had a BMI in the fifth percentile or below. Except for hyperactive behavior, none of the predictors showed a significant association with BMI. None of the subjects met diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa.DiscussionAlthough low body weight is often present in male subjects with autism or Asperger syndrome, results indicate that this link is inconsistent and partly mediated by hyperactivity. The co‐occurrence of autism spectrum disorders and anorexia nervosa is probably due to chance. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 349–351, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10015
Bilateral osteonecrosis of the talus and “standing obsession” in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Milos Gabriella , Willi Jürg , Häuselmann Hansjörg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMethodWe report a case of a 24‐year‐old woman with anorexia nervosa (AN), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), and osteoporosis. During 8 years of illness, her body mass index (BMI) fluctuated between 10 and 13,5 kg/m2. She developed hyperactivity and the habit to stand for all daily activities. She did not allow herself to sit at any time, she had “standing obsession.” A few weeks after her admission to an inpatient unit for eating disorders, she reported pain in both ankles.Results and DiscussionThe rheumatological diagnosis was bilateral osteonecrosis of the talus and generalized osteoporosis. The latter and excessive biomechanical stress could be interpreted as the cause for this serious and irreversible bone destruction. The following case shows how the psychiatric comorbidity of a patient suffering from an eating disorder with a chronic course can lead to severe somatic complications. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 363–369, 2001.
Assessment of bulimia nervosa: A comparison of interview and self‐report questionnaire methods
Authors: Carter Jacqueline C. , Aimé Annie A. , Mills Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of this study was to assess the level of agreement between the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) and its self‐report version (EDE‐Q) on key items in a clinic sample of patients with bulimia nervosa. A second objective was to assess the concordance between self‐reported and objective body weight in the sample.MethodSixty females who met DSM‐IV criteria for bulimia nervosa (purging type) participated. Fifty‐seven of them completed both the EDE and the EDE‐Q. Self‐reported weight was obtained during a telephone screening interview. Objective weight was subsequently measured at an assessment about a week later.ResultsThe EDE generated higher scores than the EDE‐Q for the frequency of objective binge and vomiting episodes. The two methods produced equivalent results for subjective binge episodes, laxative and diuretic misuse, and concerns about shape and weight. The self‐report method underestimated body weight.DiscussionThese findings suggest that some core features of eating disorders are more accurately assessed using the EDE interview. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 187–192, 2001.
Eating disorder symptoms and body image concerns in Iran: Comparisons between Iranian women in Iran and in America
Authors: Abdollahi Panteha , Mann Traci 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveRates of eating disorder symptoms were compared between Iranian women living in Iran and Iranian women living in America, in order to assess the impact of Western culture on eating disorders. Women in Iran are mandated by law to cover their bodies with a long veil or overcoat and they have little legal exposure to Western culture and media.MethodFifty‐nine female Iranian students living in Tehran and 45 female students of Iranian descent living in Los Angeles were surveyed with the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire and the Figure Rating Scale.ResultsFew differences were found between participants in the two samples, despite ample power to detect them. Participants in Iran reported as much disordered eating as participants who had immigrated to America.DiscussionNeither exposure to Western media nor acculturation to Western norms appeared to be related to symptoms of disordered eating and body image concerns in this sample. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 259–268, 2001.
Active antenna using a parasitic element
Authors: Mori Kohei , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, various methods of using millimeter wave communication systems have attracted attention. Of these, the active antennas consisting of active circuits and antenna elements integrated together have been studied widely. In particular, the active antenna combining an oscillator using FETs has a high degree of importance due to its advantage of low loss in the feed line. However, the Q of the active antenna combining an oscillator is degraded for the oscillator since the Q of the planar antenna connected to the FET is low. In this paper, an active antenna is proposed in which a half‐wave dipole parasitic element is placed between the gate and the drain of the oscillator made of an FET and a coplanar waveguide. An experimental investigation is carried out for enhancement of the stability of the oscillation frequency and improvement of the radiation pattern by means of the parasitic element. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(7): 57–65, 2001
Optimum design of videoconferencing systems over ATM networks
Authors: Yamori Kyoko , Akimaru Haruo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInformation infrastructures have been deployed which allow videoconferencing systems to be applied in telelearning. In this paper, simplified dimensioning methods are described for CBR and VBR schemes in an ATM system, and a quantitative relation between video bitrates and transmission costs is obtained by numerical examples. As the measure representing the utility of videoconferencing, we introduce “Willingness to Pay” and “Percent Score,” for which approximate formulas are estimated by opinion tests. The optimum video bitrate is analyzed to maximize the utility per transmission cost, and numerical examples are shown. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(6): 33–40, 2002