bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inside Front Cover: Topological Transformation of Vesicular Mesostructured Silica (Adv. Mater. 5/2005)
Authors: Wang B. , Shan W. , Zhang Y. , Xia J. , Yang W. , Gao Z. , Tang Y. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe micrometer‐scale self‐assembly behavior of MCM‐41‐type mesostructured silica is shown by Tang and co‐workers on p. 578 through study of a family of vesicular mesostructured silica with topology genera from 1 to 0. The inside cover shows a series of typical vesicular structures with different topologies on the micrometer scale. A better understanding of the micrometer‐scale self‐assembly behavior provides a guide for the rational design of new hierarchical organic–inorganic composite materials, and may also shed new light on the natural biosilicification process.
Quantitative characterization of sphere‐templated porous biomaterials
Authors: Marshall A. J. , Ratner B. D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3‐D) porous hydrogels were fabricated by polymerizing 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate around templates of random close‐packed poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres with nominal diameter of 5 or 15 μm. The templates were leached out to create networks of interconnected spherical pores. Applications for sphere‐templated porous biomaterials include scaffolds for tissue engineering and spatial control of wound healing. This study describes an approach to characterizing pore structure and predicting permeability of sphere‐templated porous hydrogels. The materials were embedded in resin, and 1‐μm‐plane sections were digitally analyzed with fluorescence microscopy. The porosity and pore size distribution were determined from stereological interpretation, and we present novel techniques for obtaining the pore throat size distribution, the number of pore throats per pore, and the tortuosity. A simple apparatus is also introduced for measurement of the hydraulic permeability. Permeability predictions based on quantitative microscopy measurements and on stereology were found to agree closely with permeability measurements. The aptness of the Kozeny equation for spherically pored materials is also investigated. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
The organotin industry rises to the HPV challenge
Authors: Batt John M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn 1998, the US Environmental Protection Agency launched the High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program, which called for chemical manufacturers to voluntarily commit to fill gaps in basic screening‐level hazard data for high volume chemicals they manufacture and to make the data available to the regulatory community as well as the public. Companies could sponsor chemicals individually or, if there were multiple manufacturers, companies could join together to form consortia to jointly sponsor work. The organotin industry, through the Stabilizer Task Force of ORTEPA, volunteered 27 organotin and related inorganic compounds for this program. This paper addresses setting up the industry effort, securing committed funding, sharing of existing data, establishing the test plans, contracting for the testing and administering the testing. It also provides an update as to where industry is in meeting its obligations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of several cephalothin derivatives modified with germanium‐containing moieties
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshito , Kase Yumiko , Imafuku Yoko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA cepham, cephalothin (4), was modified with germanium‐containing moieties. Their structures were confirmed chiefly based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy and their antibacterial properties were tested. None of these exhibited activity strong enough to be used as a medicine. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivities of germacyclopropabenzene toward some transition metal carbonyl complexes
Authors: Tajima Tomoyuki , Sasaki Takayo , Sasamori Takahiro , Takeda Nobuhiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe thermal reactions of an overcrowded germacyclopropabenzene with group 6 metal hexacarbonyl complexes [M(CO)6] (M = Cr, Mo and W) resulted in the formation of novel Fischer‐type carbene complexes via the insertion reaction of a CO group to the GeC bond. By contrast, the germacyclopropabenzene reacts with [Co2(CO)8] to give a germanium analog of benzocyclobutanone via the insertion reaction of a CO unit into the germacyclopropane ring. The reaction of the germacyclopropabenzene with [Mn2(CO)10] resulted in the formation of the intramolecular cyclization product accompanying the migration of a trimethylsilyl group, i.e. a cyclobutabenzene derivative. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Penetrating missile injuries during asymmetric warfare in the 2003 Gulf conflict
Authors: Hinsley D E , Rosell P A E , Rowlands T K , Clasper J C 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
War wounds produce a significant burden on medical facilities in wartime. Workload from the recent conflict was documented in order to guide future medical needs.

Methods
All data on war injuries were collected prospectively. This information was supplemented with a review of all patients admitted during the study period.

Results
During the first 2 weeks of the conflict, the sole British field hospital in the region received 482 casualties. One hundred and four were battle injuries of which nine were burns. Seventy-nine casualties had their initial surgery performed by British military surgeons and form the study group. Twenty-nine casualties (37 per cent) sustained gunshot wounds, 49 (62 per cent) suffered wounds from fragmentation weapons and one casualty detonated an antipersonnel mine. These 79 patients had a total of 123 wounds that were scored prospectively using the Red Cross Wound Classification. Twenty-seven (34 per cent) of the wounded were non-combatants; eight of these were children. Four patients (5 per cent) died.

Conclusion
War is changing; modern conflicts appear likely to be fought in urban or remote environments, producing different wounding patterns and placing non-combatants in the line of fire. Military medical skills training and available resources must reflect these fundamental changes in preparation for future conflicts.
Angiographic views used for percutaneous coronary interventions: A three‐dimensional analysis of physician‐determined vs. computer‐generated views
Authors: Green Nathan E. , Chen S.‐Y. James , Hansgen Adam R. , Messenger John C. , Groves Bertron M. , Carroll John D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the severity of vessel foreshortening in standard angiographic views used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary angiography is limited by its two‐dimensional (2D) representation of three‐dimensional (3D) structures. Vessel foreshortening in angiographic images may cause errors in the assessment of lesions or the selection and placement of stents. To date, no technique has existed to quantify these 2D limitations or the performance of physicians in selecting angiographic views. Stent deployment was performed in 156 vessel segments in 149 patients. Using 3D reconstruction models of each patient's coronary tree, vessel foreshortening was measured in the actual working view used for stent deployment. A computer‐generated optimal view was then identified for each vessel segment and compared to the working view. Vessel foreshortening ranged from 0 to 50% in the 156 working views used for stent deployment and varied by coronary artery and by vessel segment within each artery. In general, views of the mid circumflex artery were the most foreshortened and views of the right coronary artery were the least foreshortened. Expert‐recommended views frequently resulted in more foreshortening than computer‐generated optimal views, which had only 0.5% ± 1.2% foreshortening with < 2% overlap for the same 156 segments. Optimal views differed from the operator‐selected working views by ≥ 10° in over 90% of vessels and frequently occurred in entirely different imaging quadrants. Vessel foreshortening occurs frequently in standard angiographic projections during stent deployment. If unrecognized by the operator, vessel foreshortening may result in suboptimal clinical results. Modifications to expert‐recommended views using 3D reconstruction may improve visualization and the accuracy of stent deployment. These results highlight the limitations of 2D angiography and support the development of real‐time 3D techniques to improve visualization during PCI. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:451–459. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcome of patients with lymph node‐negative breast carcinoma who have sentinel lymph node micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Chagpar Anees , Middleton Lavinia P. , Sahin Aysegul A. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Kuerer Henry M. , Feig Barry W. , Ross Merrick I. , Ames Frederick C. , Singletary S. Eva , Buchholz Thomas A. , Valero Vincente , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ideal pathologic assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast carcinoma remains controversial. The authors evaluated how detailed assessment of SLNs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serial sectioning would affect treatment decisions and outcomes in patients with breast carcinoma who had negative SLNs on standard hematoxylin and eosin staining.METHODSThe SLNs from patients who were treated between June 1998 and June, 1999 and who had negative lymph node status determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining (n = 84 patients) were evaluated further with serial sectioning and cytokeratin IHC. Patients were offered adjuvant therapy based on primary tumor factors.RESULTSThe median patient age was 57 years, and the median tumor size was 1.2 cm. At a median follow‐up of 40.2 months, 81 patients (96%) were alive with no evidence of disease, 1 patient was alive with disease, 1 patient had died of disease, and 1 patient had died of other causes. Fifteen patients (18%) had micrometastases identified on IHC. Of the total 84 patients, information regarding adjuvant therapy was not available for 5 patients. Of the remaining 79 patients, 10 patients (13%) were not offered adjuvant chemotherapy but had positive SLN status determined by IHC. SLN status based on IHC evaluation did not correlate with age (P = 0.077), tumor size (P = 0.717), grade (P = 0.148), estrogen receptor status (P = 1.000), or lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.274). Furthermore, IHC‐detected positive SLN status did not correlate with distant metastasis (P = 0.372) or overall or distant metastasis‐free survival (P = 0.543 and P = 0.540, respectively).CONCLUSIONSAlthough the finding of SLN micrometastases by IHC may change management in > 12% of patients, preliminary results suggested that such micrometastases do not affect outcomes significantly. Cancer 2005;103:1581–6. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Regeneration of rat auditory ossicles using recombinant human BMP‐2/collagen composites
Authors: Takeda Yasushi , Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Nagai Noriyuki , Yoshinobu Junko , Okano Mitsuhiro , Fukushima Kunihiro , Takeuchi Ayako , Yoshino Tadashi , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTympanoplasty operations to improve hearing impairment require a wide middle ear cavity and reconstruction of columellar formations. There is no specific material for use in the reconstruction of columellar formations. Tissue response to BMP has been employed as regenerative material. To our knowledge, however, there are no reports of the reconstruction of columellar formations using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2/bovine collagen composites in the middle ear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2/bovine collagen composites (rhBMP‐2 composites) are appropriate for use as regenerative material for tympanoplasty. In the form of pellets, rhBMP‐2 composites were implanted as columellae into the tympanic cavity. At 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, the middle ear of the animals (n = 4 at each week) was stained with hematoxylin‐eosin for light microscopic observation. All composites were in the process of ossification or had ossified according to their developmental stages and were covered with a single layer of squamous or cuboidal epithelium. The new bone formed in these composites was persistently stable and displayed some columellar conditions assessed by histological examination. This study led to the conclusion that rhBMP‐2 composites make excellent regenerative material for auditory ossicles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 133–141, 2005
Effects of filler composition on flexibility of microfilled resin composite
Authors: Suzuki S. , Ori T. , Saimi Y. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effects of the filler composition on physical and mechanical properties of microfilled composites was investigated by measuring water absorption, solubility, compressive, flexural, and impact strength. A series of experimental composites, consisting of UDMA/TEGDMA comonomer matrix and prepolymerized fillers, was fabricated. The prepolymerized fillers were composed of hydrophobic colloidal silica and two monomers in varying ratios, trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate (TMPT), and polyesterdiacrylate (PEDA). TMPT/PEDA ratios were 100:0, 64:36, 46:54, 18:82, and 0:100%. There were no significant differences in water sorption and solubility, regardless of the amount of PEDA monomer. Young's modulus and modulus of resilience increased with decreasing PEDA ratio. Fracture energy exhibited drastic changes (30.1 × 10−5 J to 93.4 × 10−5 J). The highest value of flexural strength (96.0 ± 3.5 MPa) was obtained when the TMPT‐PEDA filler was 46:54. The impact strengths of composites fabricated with TMPT‐PEDA filler of 46:54 (11.2 ± 1.4 kJ/m2), 18:82 (10.6 ± 3.2 kJ/m2), and 0:100 (13.1 ± 3.8 kJ/m2) were significantly higher than those with 100:0 (6.0 ± 1.8 kJ/m2) or 64:36 (7.1 ± 2.4 kJ/m2). Based upon the results, it was concluded that the mechanical properties of microfilled composites were improved by the modification of prepolymerized filler composition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
Clinical grand round: A rapidly progressive pyramidal and extrapyramidal syndrome with a supranuclear gaze palsy
Authors: Morris H.R. , Bronstein Adolfo M. , Shaw Christopher E. , Lees Andrew J. , Love S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe case history of a patient with a rapidly progressive spastic tetraparesis, pseudobulbar palsy, supranuclear gaze palsy, and extrapyramidal signs is presented. The patient died 17 months after symptom onset, and the differential diagnosis and pathological findings are reviewed. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Soleus H‐reflex inhibition during gait initiation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hiraoka Koichi , Matsuo Yoshimi , Abe Kazuo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe soleus H‐reflex excitability during gait initiation was investigated in Parkinson's disease. Eleven patients participated in this study. Patients stepped forward as soon as the start signal flashed. Soleus H‐reflex was evoked from the trailing leg 100, 300, or 600 msec after the start signal. The electromyographic activity in the soleus muscle immediately before evoking the H‐reflex and the ankle joint motion were recorded. The soleus H‐reflex was inhibited 300 msec after the start signal. The amount of the soleus H‐reflex inhibition was inversely correlated with the Hoehn and Yahr stage; Items 14, 29, and 31 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; and the delay of the onset of the ankle dorsiflexion from the start signal. In contrast, the amount of electromyographic activity immediately before evoking the H‐reflex was not significantly correlated with those measures but was significantly correlated with Item 22 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Those findings indicate that the amount of soleus H‐reflex inhibition during gait initiation depends on the severity of the disease. Abnormality of descending command may be related to the severity‐dependent H‐reflex inhibition. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Stress analysis around crack tips in finite strain problems using the eXtended finite element method
Authors: Legrain G. , Moës N. , Verron E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFracture of rubber‐like materials is still an open problem. Indeed, it deals with modelling issues (crack growth law, bulk behaviour) and computational issues (robust crack growth in 2D and 3D, incompressibility). The present study focuses on the application of the eXtended Finite Element Method (X‐FEM) to large strain fracture mechanics for plane stress problems. Two important issues are investigated: the choice of the formulation used to solve the problem and the determination of suitable enrichment functions. It is demonstrated that the results obtained with the method are in good agreement with previously published works. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hybrid boundary node method accelerated by fast multipole expansion technique for 3D potential problems
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Tanaka Masataka , Endo Morinobu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a fast formulation of the hybrid boundary node method (Hybrid BNM) for solving problems governed by Laplace's equation in 3D. The preconditioned GMRES is employed for solving the resulting system of equations. At each iteration step of the GMRES, the matrix–vector multiplication is accelerated by the fast multipole method. Green's kernel function is expanded in terms of spherical harmonic series. An oct‐tree data structure is used to hierarchically subdivide the computational domain into well‐separated cells and to invoke the multipole expansion approximation. Formulations for the local and multipole expansions, and also conversion of multipole to local expansion are given. And a binary tree data structure is applied to accelerate the moving least square approximation on surfaces. All the formulations are implemented in a computer code written in C++. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction Kinetics in a Tight Spot
Authors: Biham Ofer , Krug Joachim , Lipshtat Azi , Michely Thomas 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe standard analysis of reaction networks based on deterministic rate equations fails in confined geometries, commonly encountered in fields such as astrochemistry, thin‐film growth and cell biology. In these systems the small reactant population implies anomalous behavior of reaction rates, which can be accounted for only by following the full distribution of reactant numbers.
Buckling and transient behaviour of layered composite plates under thermomechanical loading
Authors: Shukla K.K. , Nath Y. , Kreuzer E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe present paper employs an analytical solution, based on double Chebyshev series technique for the dynamic buckling of composite laminated rectangular plates under transient in‐plane mechanical loading and transverse temperature gradient across the thickness. The formulation is based on first‐order shear deformation theory and von‐Kármán's nonlinearity. The governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations of motion are linearized by quadratic extrapolation technique and discretized in space domain and time domain by fast converging Chebyshev polynomials and Houbolt time marching scheme, respectively. The resulting simultaneous linear algebraic equations are solved, iteratively. Buckling and response results are presented for uniaxial and biaxial in‐plane mechanical loadings along with transverse temperature gradient across the thickness of symmetric and unsymmetric angle‐ply and cross‐ply laminated composite rectangular plates with different edge conditions.
A systems analysis of a campus community mental health facility: A preliminary investigation
Authors: O'Neil Harold F. , Richardson Frank C. , Carver Donald , Iscoe Ira 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFaced with increasing demand and relatively static resources, community mental health facilities need to evaluate their functions in terms of time, cost, and performance effectiveness. For this study, the technology of systems analysis was applied to the functions of a progressive university counseling center. The systems analysis provided a management and information flow analysis and a time and cost analysis, as well as a performance analysis. This study focused on the preliminary results of the time, cost, and performance analysis.
The paradoxical effect of a juvenile code change in Virginia
Authors: Mulvey Edward P. , Hicks Ann 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe impact of a new state juvenile code on the processing of youth through one court locale was examined using an interrupted time‐series design. The intent of the new code was to limit penetration of youth into the juvenile justice system. This locale, however, showed an increased number of youth going through to court despite no increase in the number of youth arrested. The importance of this paradoxical effect for local juvenile justice planners and court officials is discussed briefly.
Television public service announcements as outreach for potential clients
Authors: McAbee Thomas A. , Cafferty Thomas P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPublic service announcements (PSAs) aired by local radio or television stations may be useful to human service agencies as a mechanism to reach potential clients during periods of low service demand. To examine the usefulness of PSAs for this purpose, a series of PSAs were videotaped for three aging‐service agencies and aired by a television station during a 6‐week period. The three agencies recorded the incoming demand for services received each day before and during the intervention period. The data were tested by a multiple‐group interrupted time‐series analysis. The results of the analysis indicated that for all three agencies the PSAs were effective for increasing the number of service inquiries received from nonclients over the telephone numbers publicized in the PSAs. At one of the agencies, the number of new clients increased significantly when the PSAs were broadcasted.
Drug prevention in a community setting: A longitudinal study of the relative effectiveness of a three‐year primary prevention program in boys & girls clubs across the nation
Authors: St. Pierre Tena L. , Kaltreider D. Lynne , Mark Melvin M. , Aikin Kathryn J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTested the effectiveness of a youth drug prevention program in a community setting. Boys & Girls Clubs of America's Stay SMART program, adapted from a school‐based personal and social competence drug prevention program, was offered, with and without a 2‐year booster program, to 13‐year‐old members of Boys & Girls Clubs. Over 27 months, (a) 5 Boys & Girls Clubs offered the Stay SMART program, (b) 5 Boys & Girls Clubs offered the Stay SMART program with the booster programs, and (c) 4 Boys & Girls Clubs served as a control group. The Stay SMART program alone and the Stay SMART program with the booster programs showed effects for marijuana‐related behavior, cigarette‐related behavior, alcohol‐related behavior, overall drug‐related behavior, and knowledge concerning drug use. The Stay SMART program with the booster programs produced additional effects for alcohol attitudes and marijuana attitudes after each year of booster programs. Results suggest that a school‐based personal and social competence program can be adapted effectively to a community setting and that booster programs might enhance program effects. Implications for alternative community models of prevention are discussed.