bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of primary sensory axons into the adult rat spinal cord via a peripheral nerve graft bridging the lumbar dorsal roots to the dorsal column
Authors: Dam‐Hieu Phong , Liu Song , Choudhri Tanvir , Said Gérard , Tadié Marc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the feasibility of using a peripheral nerve autograft (NAG) to promote and guide regeneration of sensory axons from the caudal lumbar dorsal roots to the rostral dorsal column following a lower thoracic cordotomy in adult rats. After a left hemicordotomy at the T13 vertebra level and ipsilateral L3 and L4 rhizotomies, a peripheral NAG (peroneal nerve) was connected to the distal roots stumps, then implanted into the left dorsal column 10 mm rostral to hemicordotomy site (n = 12). After surgery, all animals of the experimental group experienced complete anesthesia in their left hindlimb. Three months later, a slight response to nociceptive stimulation reappeared in L3 and/or L4 dermatomes in 6 of the 12 experimental animals. None of these animals exhibited self‐mutilation. Nine months after surgery, we performed retrograde tracing studies by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the left dorsal column 30 mm rostral to the NAG implantation site. In eight animals, we found HRP‐stained neurons in the left L3 and/or L4 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The mean number of HRP‐stained neurons per DRG was 71 ± 92 (range 2–259). In control groups, no HRP‐stained neurons were found in L3 or L4 DRG. Histological analysis of the NAG showed evidence of axonal regeneration in all 8 animals with positive retrograde labeling of DRG neurons. However, we did not find a statistical correlation between the number of HRP‐stained neurons and the degree of sensory recovery. This study demonstrates that an NAG joining dorsal roots to the dorsal column, thus shunting the original CNS‐PNS junction, can support regeneration of central axons from DRG primary sensory neurons into the dorsal column over distances of at least 30 mm despite the inhibitory influence of the CNS white matter. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential distribution of laminins in Alzheimer disease and normal human brain tissue
Authors: Palu Edouard , Liesi Päivi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImmunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and RT‐PCR were used to identify the isoforms of laminin expressed in the Alzheimer disease, but not in normal human brain tissue. We found that α1 laminin was heavily over‐expressed in Alzheimer disease frontal cortex, and localized in reactive astrocytes of the grey and white matter, and as punctate deposits in the senile placques of the Alzheimer brain tissue. Antibodies against the C‐terminal neurite outgrowth domain of the γ1 laminin demonstrated expression of the γ1 laminin in GFAP‐immunoreactive reactive astrocytes of the Alzheimer disease frontal cortex. The γ1 laminin was also heavily over‐expressed in reactive astrocytes of both grey and white matter. Although antibodies against the C‐terminal neurite outgrowth domain failed to localize γ1 laminin in senile plaques, antibodies against the N‐terminal domains of the γ1 laminin demonstrated γ1 laminin as punctate deposits in the senile plaques. The present results indicate that enhanced and specialized expression patterns of α1 and γ1 laminins distinctly associate these two laminins with the Alzheimer disease. The fact that domain specific antibodies localize both α1 and γ1 laminins in the senile plaques as punctate deposits and in astrocytes of both the gray and white matter indicate that these laminins and their specific domains may have distinct functions in the pathophysiology of the Alzheimer disease. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alpha‐motoneurons of the injured cervical spinal cord of the adult rat can reinnervate the biceps brachii muscle by regenerating axons through peripheral nerve bridges: Combined ultrastructural and retrograde axonal tracing study
Authors: Rhrich‐Haddout F. , Kassar‐Duchossoy L. , Bauchet L. , Destombes J. , Thiesson D. , Butler‐Browne G. , Lyoussi B. , Baillet‐Derbin C. , Horvat J.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFollowing our previous studies related to brachial plexus injury and repair, the present experimentation was designed to examine the ultrastructural features of those motoneurons of the locally injured cervical spinal cord of adult rats that were seen to regenerate into peripheral nerve (PN) bridges and to reinnervate nearby skeletal muscles. Here, the peripheral connection of the PN bridge was made with the biceps brachii (BB) muscle. Three months postsurgery, the spinal motoneurons labelled by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), after its injection into the BB, were selected on thick sections, using light microscopy, for the presence of dark amorphous granules of the HRP reaction product. Serial ultrathin sections were then made from the selected material. For the 10 labelled neurons studied, we examined the synaptic boutons present on the membrane of the neuronal soma. For five of them, we could observe three of the six types of synaptic boutons described for the alpha‐motoneurons of the cat (S‐type with spherical vesicles, F‐types with flattened vesicles, and C‐type with subsynaptic cistern). The largest boutons (type C) are specific to alpha‐motoneurons. In comparison to normal material, we noticed a decrease in the number of boutons and an increase in the number of glial processes. After a transient phase of trophic changes, the reinnervated BB muscles showed a return of their fibers to nearly normal diameters as well as evidence of fiber type grouping. Simultaneous staining with silver and cholinesterase also revealed the presence of new motor endplates frequently contacted by several motoneurons. The present study indicates that, after a local spinal injury, typical alpha‐motoneurons can reinnervate a skeletal muscle by regenerating axons into the permissive microenvironment provided by a PN graft. These data offer prospects for clinical reconstruction of the brachial plexus after avulsion of one or several nerve roots. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:476–486, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine receptor antagonists prevent the d‐amphetamine‐induced increase in calcitonin gene‐related peptide levels in ventral striatum
Authors: Gruber Susanne H.M. , Nomikos George G. , Mathé Aleksander A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrodialysis in conjunction with radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used to study the effects of acute d‐amphetamine or dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists administration on extracellular concentrations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in the ventral striatum of the rat. One hour after the subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of saline, the DA‐D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.3 mg/kg) or the DA‐D2/3 receptor antagonist raclopride (1.0 mg/kg), one additional s.c. injection of saline or d‐amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) was given. The dialysates were collected at 60‐min intervals; CGRP‐like immunoreactivities (−LI) were determined by RIA. d‐Amphetamine significantly increased extracellular CGRP‐LI concentrations compared to the control animals. Administration of either SCH 23390 or raclopride did not significantly affect CGRP‐LI concentrations. Pretreatment with either SCH 23390 or raclopride abolished the stimulatory effect of d‐amphetamine on CGRP‐LI levels. The results show that d‐amphetamine administration results in an increase in extracellular concentrations of CGRP in the ventral striatum through a mechanism that appears to involve stimulation of either DA‐D1 or DA‐D2/3 receptors. The results also indicate that changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission affect CGRP outflow in the ventral striatum in a phasic but not tonic manner. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:606–611, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial cell death induced by overexpression of α‐synuclein
Authors: Stefanova Nadia , Klimaschewski Lars , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor K. , Reindl Markus 
Published: August 2002

Abstractα‐Synuclein is present in intracellular protein aggregates that are hallmarks of common neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. α‐Synuclein is localized in neurons and presynaptic terminals. Under pathological conditions, however, it is also found in glia. The role of α‐synuclein in glial cells and its relevance to the molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases is presently unclear. To investigate the consequence of α‐synuclein overexpression in glia, we transfected U373 astrocytoma cells with vectors encoding wild‐type human α‐synuclein or C‐terminally truncated synuclein fused to red fluorescent protein. α‐synuclein immunocytochemistry of transfected astroglial cells revealed diffuse cytoplasmic labeling associated with discrete inclusions both within cell bodies and processes. Susceptibility to oxidative stress was increased in astroglial cells overexpressing α‐synuclein, particularly in the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions. Furthermore, overexpression of α‐synuclein induced apoptotic death of astroglial cells as shown by TUNEL staining. Our in vitro model is the first to replicate salient features of the glial pathology associated with α‐synucleinopathies. It provides a simple testbed to further explore the cascade of events that leads to apoptotic glial cell death in some of these disorders; it may also be useful to assess the effects of therapeutic interventions including antioxidative and antiapoptotic strategies. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:432–438, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered circadian cortisol secretion in Alzheimer's disease: Clinical and neuroradiological aspects
Authors: Giubilei F. , Patacchioli F.R. , Antonini G. , Monti M. Sepe , Tisei P. , Bastianello S. , Monnazzi P. , Angelucci L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe determined circadian salivary cortisol levels in 18 outpatients affected by probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and looked for a possible correlation with both cognitive impairment and brain CT scan findings. The diagnosis of probable AD was made according to the NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria. The severity of cognitive impairment was quantified using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Cortisol levels were measured on saliva samples collected at 08:00 AM and 08:00 PM. For each sample, a duplicate cortisol measurement was performed on 50 μl of saliva by means of a modified commercial radioimmunoassay kit. At the same time, 11 of the 18 AD patients enrolled also underwent a brain CT scan to estimate cerebral atrophy by using linear indexes. The mean value of cortisol levels was significantly higher in AD patients than in controls at both the morning and the evening measurements, and the circadian fluctuation of cortisol was less marked in AD patients than in controls, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Morning cortisol levels were significantly correlated to both the MMSE and the GDS scores. A significant correlation was also found between morning cortisol levels and all the cerebral atrophy indexes. By contrast, no correlation was observed between evening cortisol levels or cortisol circadian fluctuations and either cognitive impairment or cerebral atrophy. In conclusion, despite the potential biases deriving from the small sample and the limitations of the CT scan study, our results suggest that, in AD patients, hypercortisolemia is correlated with severity of the disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:262–265, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confronting failure: antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in organizational work groups
Authors: Cannon Mark D. , Edmondson Amy C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper contributes to a growing body of research on shared cognition by examining shared beliefs about failure in organizational work groups. We argue that the popular ideal of organizational learning from failure is likely to be impeded by powerful psychological and organizational barriers to engaging in behaviors through which this can occur. We hypothesize that people hold tacit beliefs about appropriate responses to mistakes, problems and conflict, and that these are shared within and vary between organizational work groups (H1). These shared beliefs vary in the extent to which they take a learning approach to failure – specifically in the extent to which they endorse identifying, discussing, and analysing mistakes, problems, and conflicts. We also hypothesize that effective coaching, clear direction and a supportive work context influence beliefs related to failure (H2), and that beliefs about failure influence group performance (H3). These hypotheses combine to suggest a theoretical model of antecedents and consequences of shared beliefs about failure in work groups. The paper presents empirical evidence from a recent field study to test the model and finds support for Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3. Hypothesis 4 – that shared beliefs about failure mediate between the antecedents and the outcome of group performance – was not supported. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An objective classification of rainfall events on the basis of their convective features: application to rainfall intensity in the northeast of spain
Authors: Llasat María‐Carmen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA system of rainfall events classification on the basis of their hydrometeorological characteristics is proposed. The objective is the characterization of the different event classes and their application in modelling intensity–duration–frequency curves and design hyetographs. A parameter related to the greater or lesser convective character of the precipitation, designated as β*, is defined, while its distribution throughout the entire series of the sample is studied. In addition, the main features of the different classes obtained and their relationship to floods and rainfall damage events have been analysed. The intensity series of the Jardí pluviograph (Barcelona, Spain) between 1927 and 1981 is used as a sample series. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Interannual variability of lower‐tropospheric moisture transport during the Australian monsoon
Authors: Godfred‐Spenning Christopher R. , Reason Christopher J. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe interannual variability of the horizontal lower‐tropospheric moisture transport associated with the Australian summer monsoon has been analysed for the 1958–99 period. The 41‐season climatology of moisture flux integrated between the surface and 450 hPa showed moderate levels of westerly transport in the month before Australian monsoon onset, associated with cross‐equatorial flow in the Sulawesi Sea and west of Borneo. In the month after onset the westerly moisture transport strengthened dramatically in a zonal belt stretching from the Timor Sea to the Western Equatorial Pacific, constrained between the latitudes 5 and 15 °S, and associated with a poleward shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and deepening of the monsoon trough. Vertical cross‐sections showed this transport extending from the surface to the 500 hPa level. In the second and third months after onset the horizontal flow pattern remained similar, although flux magnitudes progressively decreased, and the influence of trade winds became more pronounced over northern Australia.Nine El Niño and six La Niña seasons were identified from the data set, and composite plots of the affected years revealed distinct, and in some cases surprising, alterations to the large‐scale moisture transport in the tropical Australian–Indonesian region. During an El Niño it was shown that the month prior to onset, in which the moisture flux was weaker than average, yielded to a dramatically stronger than average flux during the following month, with a zone of westerly flux anomalies stretching across the north Australian coast and Arafura Sea. The period of enhanced moisture flux during an El Niño is relatively short‐lived, with drier easterly anomalies asserting themselves during the following 2 months, suggesting a shorter than usual monsoon period in north Australia. In the La Niña composite, the initial month after onset shows a tendency to weaker horizontal moisture transport over the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The subsequent 2 months show positive anomalies in flux magnitude over these areas; the overall effect is to prolong the monsoon.Comparison of these results with past research has led us to suggest that the tendency for stronger (weaker) circulations to arise in the initial month of El Niño (La Niña) events is a result of mesoscale changes in soil moisture anomalies on land and offshore sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, brought about by the large‐scale alterations to SST and circulation patterns during the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The soil moisture and SST anomalies initially act to enhance (suppress) the conditions necessary for deep convection in the El Niño (La Niña) cases via changes in land–sea thermal contrast and cloud cover. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Experimental values of the UV index during 2000 at two locations in Mediterranean Spain
Authors: Martínez‐Lozano J. A. , Tena F. , Marín M. J. , Utrillas M. P. , Lorente J. , De Cabo X. , González‐Frías C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the past 2 years automatic measurements of UVB solar irradiance have been made sstematically at ground level at a number of points in Spain. Values for both the ultraviolet erythemal radiation and the ultraviolet index (UVI) have been obtained from these measurements. In this paper we present a first analysis of these values for two locations on the Spanish Mediterranean coast—Valencia and Barcelona—an area where a large part of the summer tourism of the country is concentrated. During the summer the UVI only reached ten on three occasions, though a value of nine was reached repeatedly (both classified as extreme risk by the World Health Organization). It has been shown that, in 90% of cases, the maximum daily value of UVI deviates from the value at solar 12 : 00 by, at most, one unit. The annual accumulated doses are expressed as a function of the minimum erythemal doses corresponding to each of the four usual skin phototypes. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Seismostratigraphy and sediment studies of Lake Hestvatn, southern Iceland: implications for the deglacial history of the region
Authors: Hardardóttir Jórunn , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Sveinbjörnsdóttir Árny E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCore 95‐HV was obtained from Lake Hestvatn, southern Iceland, after a seismic survey had identified a sediment sequence over 45 m thick in the lake. The core penetrated ca. 25 m into the sediment correlating with seismostratigraphic unit 2 of alternating seismic facies, with semi‐parallel reflectors of high amplitude and chaotic reflectors. Detailed sedimentological, chemical, magnetic and chronostratigraphical analyses on core 95‐HV, combined with interpretation of the seismic survey, show considerable changes in the sedimentary environment between ca. 10300 and 9000 14C yr BP (reservoir corrected). The lowermost ca. 12 m of the core was deposited in a marine environment during energy shifts from a very rapid accumulation of sandy turbidite units to slower deposition of suspended fine‐grained sediments. The turbidite units, thought to have originated from catastrophic outburst floods (jökulhlaup), contributed greatly to the high sediment accumulation rate at the Younger Dryas–Preboreal transition. Further change in the sedimentary environments is evidenced by the deposition of organic‐rich lake sediment with abundant tephra layers, starting at ca. 9000 yr BP (seismostratigraphic unit 3). The study shows that the inland glacier did not override the site of Hestvatn during the time of sediment deposition in the lake basin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pollen‐based biome reconstructions for Colombia at 3000, 6000, 9000, 12 000, 15 000 and 18 000 14C yr ago: Late Quaternary tropical vegetation dynamics
Authors: Marchant Robert , Behling Hermann , Berrio Juan‐Carlos , Cleef Antoine , Duivenvoorden Joost , Hooghiemstra Henry , Kuhry Peter , Melief Bert , Schreve‐Brinkman Elisabeth , Van Geel Bas , Van der Hammen Thomas , Van Reenen Guido , Wille Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractColombian biomes are reconstructed at 45 sites from the modern period extending to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The basis for our reconstruction is pollen data assigned to plant functional types and biomes at six 3000‐yr intervals. A reconstruction of modern biomes is used to check the treatment of the modern pollen data set against a map of potential vegetation. This allows the biomes reconstructed at past periods to be assessed relative to the modern situation. This process also provides a check on the a priori assignment of pollen taxa to plant functional types and biomes. For the majority of the sites, the pollen data accurately reflect the potential vegetation, even though much of the original vegetation has been transformed by agricultural practices. At 18 000 14C yr BP, a generally cool and dry environment is reflected in biome, assignments of cold mixed forests, cool evergreen forests and cool grassland–shrub; the latter extending to lower altitudes than presently recorded. This signal is strongly recorded at 15 000 and 12 000 14C yr BP, the vegetation at these times also reflecting a relatively cool and dry environment. At 9000 14C yr BP there is a shift to biomes thought to result from slightly cooler environmental conditions. This trend is reversed by 6000 14C yr BP; most sites, within a range of different environmental settings, recording a shift to more xeric biome types. There is an expansion of steppe and cool mixed‐forest biomes, replacing tropical dry forest and cool grassland–shrub biomes, respectively. These changes in biome assignments from the modern situation can be interpreted as a biotic response to mid‐Holocene climatic aridity. At 3000 14C yr BP the shift is mainly to biomes characteristic of slightly more mesic environmental conditions.There are a number of sites that do not change biome assignment relative to the modern reconstruction, although the affinities that these sites have to a specific biome do change. These ‘anomalies’ are interpreted on a site‐by‐site basis. Spatially constant, but differential response of the vegetation to climatic shifts are related to changes in moisture sources and the importance of edaphic controls on the vegetation. The Late Quaternary reconstruction of large‐scale vegetation dynamics in Colombia allows an understanding of the environmental controls on these to be developed. In particular, shifts in the character of the main climatic systems that influence Colombian vegetation are described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman study of triblock polyether/LiCF3SO3 polymeric electrolytes
Authors: Silva R. A. , Goulart Silva G. , Pimenta M. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA micro‐Raman study of triblock polyether/LiCF3SO3 polymeric electrolytes was carried out over a wide range of salt concentrations at room temperature. The different associated species were evidenced by means of a lineshape analysis of the bands related to the symmetric stretching mode ν1 of the SO3− termination and to the C–S vibration of the CF3SO3− anion. The Raman results reveal that the appearance of new associated species coincides with the saturation of prior species. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.