bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of, risk factors for, and target organ damage from metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on ART: A cross‐sectional analysis in Chongqing, China
Authors: Liu Min , He Kun , Wu Yushan , Yu Qing , Sun Nannan , Teng Xiaochun , Meng Xianqin , Yuan Jing , Yang Honghong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV is significantly higher than in people without HIV. MetS is not only a major driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also closely related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for MetS and to further understand the degree of damage to target organs.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, China. Information was collected via questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory tests. We used the China Diabetes Society guidelines to define MetS. Pooled cohort equations were calculated to compare CVD risk in the next 10 years in people living with HIV aged ≥40 years with or without MetS. We used Student's t‐test, the chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, binary logistic regression, and multiple linear regression in the statistical analysis.ResultsThe study included 979 people living with HIV, including 13 who have experienced CVD, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The median age was 43.0 years, 20.9% were female, and the median ART time was 45.0 months. The prevalence of MetS was 33.9%. The components of MetS criteria were hyperglycaemia (50.4%), hypertriglyceridaemia (48.4%), hypertension (46.8%), low concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (28.2%), and abdominal obesity (25.0%). Higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.266; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.203–1.333), higher total cholesterol (OR 1.267; 95% CI 1.011–1.588), high alcohol consumption (OR 1.973; 95% CI 1.009–3.859), and family history of diabetes (OR 1.726; 95% CI 1.075–2.770) were independent risk factors for MetS. Compared with the non‐MetS group, the MetS group had a higher rate of urine albumin (23.8% vs 14.8%, p = 0.001), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (18.37% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.020) and β2‐microglobin (p = 0.004) increased more markedly in the MetS group. Regarding the risk of developing CVD events in the next 10 years, 38.5% of those in the MetS group were at high or very high risk, which was significantly higher than in the non‐MetS group (p < 0.001). In addition, age (p < 0.001) and sex (p = 0.002) are independent risk factors for developing CVD events in the next 10 years.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS in people living with HIV on ART is high in Chongqing, China. Risk factors for the development of MetS are high alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, higher body mass index, and higher total cholesterol levels. In addition, MetS is associated with a risk of CKD and the incidence of 10‐year CVD.
Different perspectives on engagement, where to from here? A systematic literature review
Authors: Wittenberg Hadas , Eweje Gabriel , Taskin Nazim , Forsyth Darryl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEngagement has emerged as a significant focus in contemporary management research, widely acknowledged for its positive impact on wellbeing and performance. However, over 30 years since its introduction, the concept of engagement remains fractured with multiple definitions, ongoing theoretical debates, and inconsistent empirical evidence of practical value. This review addresses the evolving nature of work‐related engagement, recognizing the need for fresh perspectives to better understand this complex phenomenon. To facilitate progressing the research agenda beyond current debates, we used a meta‐narrative review as a systematic approach for synthesizing our findings and problematizing techniques to generate innovative ideas. Our review identified six distinct groups, each arguing for different conceptualizations of engagement. We illuminated opportunities for further research directions by mapping and challenging dominating narratives. Specifically, our review highlights the need to conduct research outside the predominant positivist/postpositivist perspective. It also identifies a need for additional research to understand how task‐level engagement happens through the interplay of individuals and the environment. Our study makes significant conceptual contributions by offering clear boundaries of existing knowledge, an alternative conceptualization of engagement, and a platform for new directions. Contribution to literature review methodology using integrative and generative approaches is also discussed.
Prescribing patterns of adjunctive therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus among Australian endocrinologists
Authors: Forner Patrice , Snaith Jennifer , Greenfield Jerry R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany people living with type 1 diabetes (type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)) do not meet glycaemic targets. Adjunctive therapies have both risks and metabolic benefits and may have a role in selected patients.AimTo review the prescribing patterns of adjunctive therapy for the treatment of T1DM diabetes in Australia.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of Australian endocrinologists and endocrinology registrars. We surveyed the frequency of, motivations and concerns regarding the prescription of metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐IV) inhibitors, sodium‐glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) in T1DM.ResultsFifty‐two practitioners participated. Most respondents (94%) had prescribed adjuncts for the treatment of T1DM in some form. Weight (89%), large insulin doses (73%), glycaemic variability (52%), high HbA1c (48%) and the presence of cardiovascular disease (48%) were the most common factors determining the use of adjuncts. The most commonly prescribed adjuncts were metformin (94%) and SGLT‐2 inhibitors (65%). Respondents who had never prescribed an SGLT‐2 inhibitor (n = 18) reported risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (100%), off‐label status (39%), lack of evidence (39%), withdrawal of support from the European Medicines Agency (17%) and cost (17%) as factors contributing to their decision. Thirty‐one respondents (60%) had prescribed a GLP1RA. Among those who had never prescribed a GLP1RA (n = 21), off‐label status (57%), lack of evidence (48%), cost (38%) and expected lack of efficacy (14%) were factors affecting their decision. Only five respondents (10%) had prescribed a DPP‐IV inhibitor.ConclusionAustralian endocrinologists commonly prescribe adjuncts to address cardiometabolic concerns in T1DM. DKA risk and off‐label status are significant factors contributing to reluctance to prescribe.
Adenosine 2A receptor antagonists promote lymphocyte proliferation in sepsis by inhibiting Treg expression of PD‐L1 in spleen
Authors: Zhang Teng , Zhao Jie , Zheng Ting , Fu Wei , Ma Tao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe spleen is essential for lymphocyte proliferation, which is associated to sepsis prognosis. Adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) blocking promotes lymphocyte proliferation in sepsis, however the mechanism is uncertain. Our sepsis cecum ligation perforation model showed that blocking A2AR increased survival and CD4+ cell numbers in a spleen‐dependent mechanism. The sequencing of the transcriptome of the spleen indicated alterations in the expression of genes involved in the control of lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting A2AR, including a reduction in the expression of PD‐L1. Flow cytometry analysis of PD‐L1 expression intensity in splenic cell subpopulations revealed that the Treg cell subpopulation was the strongest PD‐L1‐expressing cell population, and Treg PD‐L1 expression decreased after blocking A2AR. In vitro activation of A2AR was able to upregulate PD‐L1 expression of Treg and boost Treg capacity to limit lymphocyte proliferation, while blockage of PD‐L1 partly reduced A2AR‐activated Treg's ability to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. In addition, blocking CREB phosphorylation significantly inhibited A2AR‐induced PD‐L1 expression. According to the findings of our research, inhibiting A2AR improves the prognosis of sepsis by lowering the level of PD‐L1 expression by Treg in the spleen and reducing the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation.
Circadian rhythm regulation in the immune system
Authors: Ding Jun , Chen Pengyu , Qi Chunjian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCircadian rhythms are a ubiquitous feature in nearly all living organisms, representing oscillatory patterns with a 24‐h cycle that are widespread across various physiological processes. Circadian rhythms regulate a multitude of physiological systems, including the immune system. At the molecular level, most immune cells autonomously express clock‐regulating genes, which play critical roles in regulating immune cell functions. These functions encompass migration, phagocytic activity, immune cell metabolism (such as mitochondrial structural function and metabolism), signalling pathway activation, inflammatory responses, innate immune recognition, and adaptive immune processes (including vaccine responses and pathogen clearance). The endogenous circadian clock orchestrates multifaceted rhythmicity within the immune system, optimizing immune surveillance and responsiveness; this bears significant implications for maintaining immune homeostasis and resilience against diseases. This work provides an overview of circadian rhythm regulation within the immune system.
RETRACTED: Impact of perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery on wound infection in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Niu Gui‐Xia , Lv Ai‐Hua , Peng Yan‐Jun , Zhang Gui‐Qin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concepts on wound infections and post‐operative complications in patients receiving orthopaedic surgery, to provide a theoretical basis for post‐operative care. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of ERAS to patients receiving orthopaedic surgery, published up to October 2023, were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Literature was screened and evaluated by two reviewers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the final included articles. Data were analysed using RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 20 RCTs were included in the analysis, which included 1875 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery, of whom 938 and 937 were in the ERAS and control groups, respectively. The analysis revealed that in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery, implementation of ERAS in the perioperative period was associated with a significantly reduced the rate of wound infections (1.6% vs. 6.19%, risk ratio [RR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–0.50, p < 0.001) and complication (5.12% vs. 21.88%, RR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17–0.32, p < 0.001) and can effectively shorten the hospital length of stay (standardised mean difference [SMD]: −2.50 days, 95% CI: −3.17 to −1.83 days, p < 0.001) compared with that of conventional care. The available evidence suggests that the implementation of ERAS in the perioperative period of patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery could effectively reduce the rate of wound infections and complications, shorten the hospital length of stay and promote the early recovery of patients.
Comparative analysis of surgical and non‐surgical wound approaches in diabetic foot ulcer treatment: Meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lei Yu , Jiang Ping , Tian Tian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe assessment for safety and effectiveness of surgical interventions in the management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in comparison to non‐surgical approaches was performed. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE in order to identify case–control studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, cohort studies and observational studies pertaining to DFU treatments. Studies conducted in English language and focusing on wound healing rates, recurrence rates, time to healing and complication management met the inclusion criteria. There were six studies included in this meta‐analysis. Surgical procedures, such as debridement, revascularization and skin transplantation, demonstrated significantly superior efficacy in promoting wound healing (84%) and shorter duration of healing (6 weeks) in comparison to non‐surgical approaches, including off‐loading, wound dressings and pharmacological therapies. Surgical interventions for DFUs resulted in a wound recovery rate of 84%, a significantly higher mean rate than non‐surgical approaches (60%) that was observed. In addition, it was observed that the surgical group experienced considerably reduced average healing period of 9 weeks, in contrast to the non‐surgical group's mean healing period of 12 weeks. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge that surgical procedures were notably correlated with a heightened occurrence of complications, such as amputations, which transpired in 19% of instances. Surgical interventions for DFUs may provide superior short‐term results with regard to healing rates and recovery time, as indicated by this meta‐analysis. However, they are additionally correlated with the heightened likelihood of complications. Although non‐surgical techniques offered comparatively secure option, they were also less reliable. Individualized treatment modalities should be chosen in consideration of patient‐specific factors and comparative advantages and disadvantages.
Effect of intraoperative abdominal lavage versus suction alone on postoperative wound infection in patients with appendicitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Chen Xiujuan , Ren Yanhong , Yang Fengyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is much controversy about the application of abdominal irrigation in the prevention of wound infection (WI) and intra‐abdominal abscess (IAA) in the postoperative period. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis of the effect of suctioning and lavage on appendectomy to assess the efficacy of either suctioning or lavage. Data were collected and estimated with RevMan 5.3 software. Based on our research, we found 563 publications in our database, and we eventually chose seven of them to analyse. The main results were IAA after the operation and WI. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials of an appendectomy with suctioning or lavage. In the end, seven trials were chosen to meet the eligibility criteria, and the majority were retrospective. The results of seven studies showed that there was no statistically significant difference between abdominal lavage and suctioning treatment for post‐operative WI (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.40, 2.61; p = 0.96); There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the risk of postoperative abdominal abscess after operation (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.71, 1.89; p = 0.56). No evidence has been found that the use of abdominal lavage in the treatment of postoperative infectious complications after appendectomy is superior to aspiration.
Clinical efficacy of blood derivatives on wound healing: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Peng Guang , Wang Yuzhi , Chen Jianwu , Zhang Bin , Tang Jianbing , Cheng Biao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the clinical effects of different blood derivatives on wound healing using network meta‐analysis. PubMed, Embase, OVID, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Cochrane Central were searched to obtain studies about blood derivatives on wound healing until October 2023. R 4.2.0 and Stata 15.0 softwares were used for data analysis. Forty‐four studies comprising 5164 patients were included. The results of network meta‐analysis showed that the healing area from high to low was GF + ORCCB, ORCCB, GF, PRF, Unnas paste dressing, APG, PRP injection, PRP, PRP + thrombin gel, PPP, HPL, CT. The healing time from low to high was PRP + thrombin gel, GF, PRP, PC + K, PC, APG, PRF, CT, Silver sulfadiazine ointment. The number of patients cured from high to low was APG, PRP injection, PRP, Aurix, PRF, Leucopatch, HPL, Antimicrobial Ointment Dressing, CT, 60 μg/cm2 repifermin, 120 μg/cm2 repifermin, AFG, PPP. The order of analgesic effect from high to low was AFG, Aminogam gel, PRF, PRP, Oxidised oil, APG, GF, CT. The order of the number of wound infection cases from low to high is APG, 20 μg/cm2 repifermin, 60 μg/cm2 repifermin, PRP, LeucoPatch, CT, PPP, Antiseptic ointment dressing. Healing area: GF + ORCCB had the best effect; Healing time: PRP + thrombin gel took the shortest time. The number of cured patients and the reduction of wound infection: APG has the best effect. Analgesic effect: AFG has the best effect. More studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm the above findings.
Effect of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis on the occurrence of surgical site wound infection after instant breast reconstruction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Lijun , Ba Tu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the meta‐analysis was to evaluate and compare the effects of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis on the occurrence of surgical site wound infection after instant breast reconstruction. The results of this meta‐analysis were analysed, and the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using dichotomous or contentious random‐ or fixed‐effect models. For the current meta‐analysis, 18 examinations spanning from 2009 to 2023 were included, encompassing 19 301 females with instant breast reconstruction. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis had a significantly lower surgical site wound infection rate (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98, p = 0.02) compared with the standard of care after instant breast reconstruction in females. Topical antibiotic prophylaxis had a significantly lower surgical site wound infection rate (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13–0.52, p < 0.001) compared with the standard of care after instant breast reconstruction in females. The examined data revealed that systemic and topical antibiotic prophylaxis had a significantly lower surgical site wound infection rate compared with the standard of care after instant breast reconstruction in females. However, given that several examinations had a small sample size, consideration should be given to their values.
Restricted dispersal and inbreeding in a high‐elevation bird across the ‘sky islands’ of the European Alps
Authors: Ceresa Francesco , Brambilla Mattia , Kvist Laura , Vitulano Severino , Pes Michele , Tomasi Laura , Pedrini Paolo , Bettega Chiara , Anderle Matteo , Hilpold Andreas , Kranebitter Petra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimHigh‐elevation specialist species are threatened by climate change and habitat loss, and their distributions are becoming increasingly reduced and fragmented. In such a context, dispersal ability is crucial to maintain gene flow among patches of suitable habitat. However, information about dispersal is often lacking for these species, especially for those taxa that are usually considered as good dispersers such as birds. We adopted a landscape genomics approach to investigate dispersal in a climate‐sensitive high‐elevation specialist bird. Our aims were to assess the levels of gene flow within a wide mountain area, and to assess the effects of geographic distance and landscape characteristics on dispersal, by testing the isolation by distance (IBD) hypothesis against the isolation by resistance (IBR) hypothesis.LocationEuropean Alps.Taxon
Montifringilla nivalis.
MethodsWe sampled individuals from several breeding areas and obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data by ddRAD sequencing. We then calculated site‐ and individual level genetic distances and individual inbreeding coefficients. To test IBD versus IBR, we related genetic distances to both geographic distances and different measures of landscape resistance by using maximum likelihood population effects models.ResultsGene flow among breeding areas was partly restricted, and we found support for IBD, indicating that geographic distance limits snowfinch dispersal. Spatial patterns of genetic distances suggested that philopatry strongly contributed to determine the observed IBD. High inbreeding coefficients in several individuals indicated frequent mating among relatives.Main ConclusionsRestricted dispersal and frequent inbreeding within ‘sky island’ systems can also occur in highly mobile species, because their potential ability to cover very large distances can be counteracted by high philopatry levels that are likely related to high dispersal costs. IBD and philopatry will increasingly hinder snowfinch dispersal among suitable areas within the future more restricted and fragmented breeding range, increasing the risks of local extinctions.
Comparing the productive failure and directive instruction for declarative safety knowledge training using virtual reality
Authors: Lu Song , Feng Zhenan , Lovreglio Ruggiero , Wang Fei , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground StudyVirtual reality (VR) is becoming a popular technology for safety training in construction. Several VR training prototypes have been designed and tested, which show they can perform better than traditional training tools. However, most of these existing tools are not underpinned by clear pedagogical theory, and studies assessing the impact of pedagogical theories on the effectiveness of VR prototypes are still rare in the literature.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate if and how the productive failure theory and the directive instruction theory have an impact on the effectiveness of VR safety training for confined space workers.MethodsThe study used a randomized controlled method involving 74 participants. The effectiveness of these two training methods was assessed in terms of knowledge acquisition and retention.Results and ConclusionsThe results illustrate that the productive failure training design performed better in terms of knowledge acquisition and retention. This paper introduces the Productive Failure Theory and shows the great potential of this approach for self‐service VR safety training in the field of construction.
Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and periodontitis: Results from a large population‐based study
Authors: Wu Yuxuan , Yang Han , Jin Weiqiu , Wu Yuying , Yu Yiming , Chen Qiansi , He Baochang , Yan Fuhua , Li Yanfen , Chen Fa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (measured using urinary metabolites) and periodontitis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014.Materials and MethodsWeighted binary logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to evaluate independent and joint associations between the six urinary monohydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH‐PAHs) and periodontitis.ResultsIn all, 3413 participants were included in this study. All six urinary OH‐PAHs were present at higher levels in the periodontitis group compared with the non‐periodontitis group (p < .001). Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regressions showed positive associations between the six urinary OH‐PAHs and periodontitis (p < .05). Higher concentrations of OH‐PAHs were also positively associated with attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and the number of tooth loss. BKMR and WQS regression yielded similar positive associations between OH‐PAH mixtures and periodontitis.ConclusionsPAHs and their mixture are positively associated with periodontitis, which may provide novel insights into periodontitis prevention from an environmental exposure perspective.