bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target Ranges and PTH Profile in A West African Population Using 2nd and 3rd Generation Tests
Authors: Yao-Yapo C. M. , Yayo E. , Kouacou K. A. M. , Konan J. L. , Kouamé-Dia Y. C. , Koffi A. J. , Koné Y. B. , Gnionsahié D. A. , Attoungbré M. L. , Monnet D. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Bone metabolism disorders are one of the most frequent and serious complications of kidney disease, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. In order to prevent these bone complications, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) expert committee recommends maintaining PTH values within a target range dependent on the race of the population and the generation of test used. The aim of this study was to propose target intervals for monitoring PTH in Ivorian haemodialysis patients according to test generation, and to establish the PTH profile of these patients.
Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 86 black African subjects in apparent good health for the determination of PTH target intervals and 200 black African haemodialysis patients for the PTH profile. Target ranges were determined simultaneously on a 2nd generation Maglumi 800 and 3rd generation kit Vidas (Whole PTH) according to KDIGO (2009) recommendations. The PTH profile of hemodialysis patients was established in comparison with the pre-established target ranges.
Results: The target PTH ranges for dialysis patients were 280.4 to 1261.8 pg/ml for the Maglumi kitÒ and 83.8 to 377.1 pg/ml for the Vidas kitÒ. The mean PTH value in healthy subjects was 21.99 pg/ml, compared with 473.3 pg/ml in haemodialysis patients. According to the target interval established on the VidasÒ kit, 34% of dialysis patients had a PTH value above the upper limit of normality and were therefore at risk of bone complications.
Conclusion: The PTH values of black African Ivorian hemodialysis patients according to the pre-established target intervals were significantly higher in our population than those of Caucasian and Asian populations described in the literature.
Detection and Assessment of Xenobiotic‐Induced Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Clark J. David 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAmongst the adverse effects of xenobiotics used for industrial or therapeutic purposes is the tendency of some compounds to cause painful sensory neuropathies. Chemotherapeutic agents, antiretrovirals, metals, and many other classes of compounds have been reported to cause such neuropathies. These conditions can be assessed in rodent models during short‐ or long‐term exposure. In this unit, two methods for the detection of xenobiotic‐induced neuropathies are discussed. The first assay uses noxious thermal stimulation of the rat hind paw to follow changes in sensitivity as might occur with a progressive peripheral neuropathy. The second method involves the application of nylon von Frey filaments to the hind paw of the rodent to assess the development of decreasing nociceptive thresholds as might occur in the setting of a painful peripheral neuropathy.
Measuring Lymphocyte Transcription Factor Activity by ELISA
Authors: McCue Jesica , Freed Brian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAdequate immune function requires the complex interaction between cells via a series of biochemical and molecular events, culminating in altered gene expression. Initiation of transcription by sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins known as transcription factors (TFs) is the principle point at which the expression of most genes is regulated. Thus, an understanding of nuclear events affected by environmental toxicants and their mechanisms of actions is critical to understanding toxic phenomena.Colorimetric enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based procedures have been developed to detect specific transcription factor DNA‐binding activity in cell extracts. Up to 96 reactions can be performed in 3 to 4 hr. Extracts are added to the 96‐well plate precoated with a transcription factor DNA‐binding consensus sequence and detected with an antibody specific to the transcription factor of interest. In short, ELISA provides increased speed and throughput, and allows improved sensitivity and convenience over the traditional methods.
Polymeric drug carriers functionalized with pairwise arranged hydroxyl and/or carboxyl groups for platinum chelation
Authors: Johnson Mark T. , Komane Lionel L. , N′da David D. , Neuse Eberhard W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCancer chemotherapy, alone or in combination with other treatment modalities, has come to play an important part in the fight against malignancies. However, the anticancer drugs in current clinical administration, while efficacious and oftentimes curative against a select number of neoplasias, suffer from a variety of deficiencies, notably severe systemic toxicity and a tendency to elicit drug resistance. These pharmacological shortcomings are eminently in evidence with the outstanding class of platinum drugs as represented by cis‐diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin). The bioreversible binding (conjugating) of a medicinal agent to a water‐soluble macromolecular carrier has been recognized as an effective expediency to curtail these deficiencies. In the present communication we describe the synthesis of a special class of polymers featuring hydroxyl and/or carboxyl functionalities designed for use in the construction of square‐planar platinum complexes polymer‐bound through dihydroxylato, hydroxylatocarboxylato, or dicarboxylato chelation. Accordingly, the polymer structures of this project contain pairs of hydroxyl, hydroxylcarboxyl, or carboxyl groups main chain‐ or side chain‐attached in 1,2‐geometry. The target polymers are obtained by a Michael addition type polymerization of bisacrylamide monomers with mono‐ or diamine comonomers in aqueous medium. Whereas in the first three polymers the hydroxyl and/or carboxyl functionalities are attached directly (1) or close (2, 3) to the backbone, the remaining polymers contain these functionalities as terminals on extended spacer segments. The water‐soluble polymeric products, purified and fractionated by dialysis and isolated by freeze‐drying, will be used as substrates for platinum conjugation in future work. However, their functional proneness to platinum binding is demonstrated in the present project through platination of an exemplifying carrier, providing a water‐soluble conjugate with a Pt content of 13.5%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 10–19, 2005
New insights into the degradation mechanism of poly (vinyl chloride), Part (III): Implementation of new costabilizers—Towards heavy metal free systems (HMFS)
Authors: Santamaría E. , Edge M. , Allen N. S. , Harvey H. B. , Mellor M. , Orchison J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo replace zinc in PVC stabilized formulations and generate a Heavy Metal Free System (HMFS), different costabilizers (i.e., 6‐amino‐1,3 dimethyluracil (Uracil), sodium tetraborate (Borax), sodium phenyl phosphinate (SPP), and NPPD (N‐phenyl‐3‐acetylpyrrolidin‐2,4‐dione), and their combinations) were tested. HCl evolution showed the outstanding performance of SPP, which was overshadowed by its poor color stability. To optimize the levels of costabilizers in the formulation, experimental design was applied to two different formulations. For a formulation containing Uracil + SPP + NPPD, the induction time (Ti) could reach up to 50 min. Moreover, an induction time of more than 80 min could be obtained with the combination of the costabilizers Borax + SPP + NPPD. The dynamic stability in terms of color measurements showed that excellent color control was achieved by the addition of 2phr of Borax into the formulation, with even better results than the mixture of the three costabilizers at their highest levels (Borax + SPP + NPPD). For a formulation containing Uracil + SPP + NPPD, the best results were again obtained by the combination of the highest levels of the three costabilizers. The mechanistic action of SPP with a model compound (4C2H) was studied by 1H and 31P‐FTnmr. The reaction was obscured by the fact that SPP underwent hydrolysis in aqueous conditions. However, the color measurements showed that because the initial color was poor, it is unlikely that SPP is acting as a peroxide decomposer in the conventional sense. In addition, the great extension in the Ti means that SPP must be inhibiting chain propagation and it may do this by stabilizing the carbocation generated during the dehydrochlorination process, along with its acid scavenging activity. Thus, when the costabilizer is totally consumed, the rate of free HCl evolution is very high, as the results confirm. The fact that phenyl phosphinic acid (PPA), the acid form, did not stabilize PVC seems to be in agreement with the above reasoning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 122–143, 2005
Preparation and properties of PEG hydrogel from PEG macromonomer with sulfonate end group
Authors: Kim Ji‐Heung , Kim Jun‐Guk , Kim Dukjoon , Kim Young Ha 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel PEG macromonomer with methacryloyl and sulfonate group at each chain end was prepared, and new PEG‐based hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking polymerization of this PEG macromonomer in the presence of PEG dimethacrylate. Their swelling properties are measured and compared with those of reference hydrogel from methoxy PEG methacrylate to elucidate the effect of the sulfonate end group. The prepared sulfonated PEG hydrogels exhibited water absorbency in the range of 19 ∼ 42 g water/g dry‐gel depending on the composition. These hydrogels with anionic sulfonate group showed swelling behavior varying with salt type, concentration, and also with pH of aqueous solution. The morphology of the sulfonated PEG gels by SEM showed irregular porous network structure varying with the composition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 56–61, 2005
Selection of an Active Enzyme by Phage Display on the Basis of the Enzyme's Catalytic Activity in vivo
Authors: Fujita Satoshi , Taki Takashi , Taira Kazunari 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a novel phage display method based on catalytic activity for the in vivo selection of an enzyme. To confirm the validity of our method and to demonstrate its potential utility, we used biotin protein ligase (BPL) from Escherichia coli as a model enzyme. We were able to demonstrate the potential value of our method by selective enrichment for the birA gene, which encodes BPL, in a mixed library. The presented method for in vivo selection should allow selection of various enzymes that catalyze modification of peptides or proteins, such as protein ligase, acetylase, kinase, phosphatase, ubiquitinase, and protease (including caspase). The method should be useful in efforts to analyze mechanisms of signal transduction, to find unidentified enzymes encoded by cDNA libraries, and to exploit artificial enzymes.
Molecular Machines for Protein Degradation
Authors: Groll Michael , Bochtler Matthias , Brandstetter Hans , Clausen Tim , Huber Robert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOne of the most precisely regulated processes in living cells is intracellular protein degradation. The main component of the degradation machinery is the 20S proteasome present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In addition, there exist other proteasome‐related protein‐degradation machineries, like HslVU in eubacteria. Peptides generated by proteasomes and related systems can be used by the cell, for example, for antigen presentation. However, most of the peptides must be degraded to single amino acids, which are further used in cell metabolism and for the synthesis of new proteins. Tricorn protease and its interacting factors are working downstream of the proteasome and process the peptides into amino acids. Here, we summarise the current state of knowledge about protein‐degradation systems, focusing in particular on the proteasome, HslVU, Tricorn protease and its interacting factors and DegP. The structural information about these protein complexes opens new possibilities for identifying, characterising and elucidating the mode of action of natural and synthetic inhibitors, which affects their function. Some of these compounds may find therapeutic applications in contemporary medicine.
CD45 isoform expression is associated with different susceptibilities of human naive and effector CD4+ T cells to respond to IL‐4
Authors: Stütz Adrian , Graf Philipp , Beinhauer Brigitte , Hammerschmid Franz , Neumann Christine , Woisetschläger Maximilian , Jung Thomas 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInterleukin‐4 (IL‐4) is the major factor promoting the development of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells from naive precursor T cells. Minute amounts of IL‐4 produced by naive T cells seem to be sufficient; however, the molecular mechanisms explaining this efficient utilization of IL‐4 are not yet known. Here, we show that human CD4+ CD45RA+ naive T cells, in contrast to CD4+ CD45R0+ effector T cells, show responsiveness to endogenous as well as exogenous IL‐4 to proliferate and differentiate towards Th2 cells in vitro. Despite production levels of IL‐4 below conventional detection limits, CD45RA+ T cell‐derived IL‐4 could clearly activate STAT6. Although the expression levels of IL‐4R and STAT6 were not different between naive and effector T cells, only naive T cells responded to IL‐4 in a STAT6‐dependent reporter gene assay. Transfecting a trans‐dominant negative form of STAT6 abrogated IL‐4‐induced proliferation in CD45RA+ cells. A significantly higher protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity was detected in CD45R0+ T cells as compared to CD45RA+ T cells. Cross‐linking CD45 potently reduced PTPase activity in CD45R0+ T cells and restored their ability to proliferate in response to IL‐4. Thus, CD45 PTPase activity contributes to the susceptibility of naive and memory T cells to respond to IL‐4.
The major T cell epitope on type II collagen is glycosylated in normal cartilage but modified by arthritis in both rats and humans
Authors: Dzhambazov Balik , Holmdahl Meirav , Yamada Hisakata , Lu Shemin , Vestberg Mikael , Holm Björn , Johnell Olof , Kihlberg Jan , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractType II collagen (CII) is a target for autoreactive T cells in both rheumatoid arthritis and the murine model collagen‐induced arthritis. The determinant core of CII has been identified as CII260–270, and the alteration of this T cell epitope by posttranslational modifications is known to be critical for development of arthritis in mice. Using CII‐specific T cell hybridomas we have now shown that the immunodominant T cell epitope in the normal (healthy) human and rat joint cartilage is O‐glycosylated at the critical T cell receptor recognition position 264 with a mono‐ or di‐saccharide attached to a hydroxylysine. In contrast, in the arthritic human and rat joint cartilage there are both glycosylated and non‐glycosylated CII forms. Glycosylated CII from normal cartilage could not be recognized by T cells reactive to peptides having only lysine or hydroxylysine at position 264, showing that antigen‐presenting cells could not degrade the O‐linked carbohydrate. Thus, the variable forms of the glycosylated epitope are determined by the structures present in cartilage, and these vary during the disease course. We conclude that the chondrocyte determines the structures presented to the immune system and that these structures are different in normal versus arthritic states.See accompanying Commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425889
IL‐23 up‐regulates IL‐10 and induces IL‐17 synthesis by polyclonally activated naive T cells in human
Authors: Vanden Eijnden Serge , Goriely Stanislas , De Wit Dominique , Willems Fabienne , Goldman Michel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐23 is a heterodimeric cytokine of the IL‐12 family. Human IL‐23 is known to induce interferon (IFN)‐γ production and proliferation in T cells, preferentially in the CD45RO+ memory subset. Yet, its role in the differentiation of human naive T cells remains largely unknown. We investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh)IL‐23 on cord blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during polyclonal activation. The IL‐23 receptor complex was not detectable in resting naive T cells. Nevertheless, both IL‐23 receptor subunits, IL‐12Rβ1 and IL‐23R, were rapidly induced after activation in both naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In both cell types, rhIL‐23 enhanced IFN‐γ production. This effect was demonstrable as early as 2 days after activation, illustrating that a functional IL‐23 receptor is rapidly induced in naive T cells upon activation. In naive CD8+ T cells, rhIL‐23 specifically induced the secretion of IL‐17, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, rhIL‐23 significantly increased the production of IL‐10 in both naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. IL‐17 and IL‐10 levels were not affected by the addition of rhIL‐12. We conclude that IL‐23 induces a specific cytokine profile, remarkably distinct from IL‐12, in activated human naive T cells.
Correction: Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐, or IL‐3‐dependent survival of macrophages, but not proliferation, requires the expression of p21Waf1 through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathway (Vol. 34(8) 2004, pp 2257–2267)
Authors: Comalada Mònica , Xaus Jordi , Sánchez Ester , Valledor Annabel F. , Celada Antonio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this article we reported that the inhibitor for the C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, SP600125 at a concentration of 25 mM did not inhibit macrophage proliferation.However, we have not been able to reproduce this result. Recent experiments using new stocks of SP600125 showed that inhibition of C‐Jun N‐terminal kinase blocks M‐CSF‐dependent macrophage proliferation.We apologize for the inconvenience that this may cause to the readers of the European Journal of Immunology. However, this correction does not affect the general conclusions of the article, which shows that M‐CSF, GM‐CSF or IL‐3 require distinct signaling pathways for proliferation and survival.See original article DOI 10.1002/eji.200425110
Correction: Identification of a naturally processed cyclin D1 T‐helper epitope by a novel combination of HLA class II targeting and differential mass spectrometry (Vol. 34(12) 2004, p. 3644–3651)
Authors: Dengjel Jörn , Decker Patrice , Schoor Oliver , Altenberend Florian , Weinschenk Toni , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Stevanovic Stefan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDue to a technical error, the name of the second author, Patrice Decker, was unfortunately omitted from the Table of contents of the December 2004 issue. We apologize for any inconvenience caused. DOI 10.1002/eji.200425510
Adsorptive Voltammetry of Polyelectrolyte Complex Between 11‐Ferrocenyltrimethylundecylammonium and Polyanions at Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Hattori Toshiaki , Nakayama Masanori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor polyelectrolyte complex between cationic surfactant and polyanion, the adsorptive voltammetry at carbon paste electrode using an electroactive cationic surfactant was examined. The adsorption state of the cationic surfactant in the complexes at CPE was estimated from the half‐height width of the oxidation waves. The half‐height width for poly(styrene sulfonate) was independent of the molecular weight, and was same as that for poly(vinyl sulfate). The half‐height width for heparin was broad and different from that of the vinyl polyanions. According to the analysis by Frumkin isotherm, the interaction between cationic surfactants was attractive in heparin complex at CPE, however, in the vinyl polyanion complexes at CPE the interaction was non‐cooperative as that predicted with the Langmuir isotherm. In spite of the same adsorption state, the concentration dependency of the peak current for poly(styrene sulfonate) was quite different from that for poly(vinyl sulfate). The concentration dependence indicated the reactive property of each polyanion on the association with the cationic surfactant in aqueous solution.
Towards mesh adaptivity for geophysical turbulence: continuous mapping approach
Authors: Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. , Prusa Joseph M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLooking forward towards mesh adaptivity for simulating turbulent atmospheric/oceanic flows, we are pursuing advanced algorithms for evaluating vector differential operators cast in time‐dependentcurvilinear co‐ordinates. In this paper, we review our effort to date with the development of a deformable‐co‐ordinates multi‐scale anelastic model designed from the bottom‐up relying on strengths ofnon‐oscillatory transport methods. We have shown in earlier works that effective multi‐scale adaptive numerical models for high‐Reynolds‐number meteorological flows can be designed that dispense with rigorous evaluation of the more cumbersome of the vector differential operators, such as the curl or the strain rate. These operators are nonetheless important for budget analyses of the model results, estimating physical uncertainties, driving the mesh adaptivity itself, and extending the model's applicability beyond standard meteorological situations. Here, we discuss selected extensions of the generic explicitly inviscid approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of phrase structure in music
Authors: Knösche Thomas R. , Neuhaus Christiane , Haueisen Jens , Alter Kai , Maess Burkhard , Witte Otto W. , Friederici Angela D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNeither music nor spoken language form uniform auditory streams, rather, they are structured into phrases. For the perception of such structures, the detection of phrase boundaries is crucial. We discovered electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) correlates for the perception of phrase boundaries in music. In EEG, this process was marked by a positive wave approximately between 500 and 600 ms after the offset of a phrase boundary with a centroparietal maximum. In MEG, we found major activity in an even broader time window (400–700 ms). Source localization revealed that likely candidates for the generation of the observed effects are structures in the limbic system, including anterior and posterior cingulate as well as posterior mediotemporal cortex. The timing and topography of the EEG effect bear some resemblance to a positive shift (closure positive shift, CPS) found for prosodic phrase boundaries during speech perception in an earlier study, suggesting that the underlying processes might be related. Because the brain structures, which possibly underlie the observed effects, are known to be involved in memory and attention processes, we suggest that the CPS may not reflect the detection of the phrase boundary as such, but those memory and attention related processes that are necessary to guide the attention focus from one phrase to the next, thereby closing the former and opening up the next phrase. Hum Brain Mapp 24:259–273, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.