bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Leaf Ash Content and Grain Yield in Bread and Durum Wheat Grown under Full‐Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Monneveux P. , Reynolds M. P. , Trethowan R. , Peña J. , Zapata F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIntegrative physiological criteria, such as carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and (mineral) ash content (ma) have been found to be very useful, under drought conditions, to elucidate the association between yield gains and variation of photosynthesis‐related traits and orientate future breeding efforts. Information on this association is scarce under irrigated conditions. The relationships between Δ, ma and yield were studied in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under optimal (drip) irrigation in the arid conditions of north‐west Mexico. Carbon isotope discrimination was analysed on leaves at booting stage and anthesis and on grain at maturity, whereas ash content was measured on the flag leaf at anthesis and maturity. At anthesis, there were differences between bread and durum wheat during grain filling for Δ, but not for ma. No relationship was found between grain yield and Δ. Leaf ash content at anthesis and maturity showed a broad variability within each species and were associated with grain yield. These results suggest that ash content in leaves could be also used as predictive criteria for yield not only under drought, but also under irrigated conditions, particularly when evaporative demand is high.
Photocontrol of Weeds
Authors: Juroszek P. , Gerhards R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe reduction of weed emergence resulting from night‐time tillage in worldwide conducted field trials was very variable. The efficacy of night‐time tillage ranged from a reduction of weed ground cover of 97.5 % to an increase in weed seedling emergence of 80 % compared with daytime tillage. In most of the field trials, the reduction in the weed density as a result of night‐time tillage was <30 %. Important factors affecting this variation were: (1) the different light sensitivity of weed species, (2) the different light sensitivity of populations within the same species, (3) the dormancy status of the seeds, (4) the seasonal and short‐term variation of light sensitivity of seeds, (5) the variation of soil water content and (6) the type of soil tillage implement used. Less important were the small light intensity during night‐time tillage which cannot be excluded, and the penetration of light into the soil the days following night‐time tillage. The influence of different environmental factors on the effect of photocontrol of weeds is rather unclear because there are presumably complex interactions between environmental factors and the light‐dependent germination of weed seeds under field conditions. However, some field trials indicate that dry soil conditions reduce the efficacy of photocontrol of weeds. Several trials in the literature suggest that photocontrol of weeds during daytime using implements with a light‐proof cover was as effective as night‐time tillage. This review summarizes the results in research of photocontrol of weeds (soil cultivation in darkness), particularly those derived from field trials. Moreover, important factors are discussed, which might influence the effect of photocontrol of weeds.
Development of polymorphic markers for the root pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola using ISSR‐PCR
Authors: GELDENHUIS MARIA M. , ROUX JOLANDA , WINGFIELD MICHAEL J. , WINGFIELD BRENDA D. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Thielaviopsis basicola is a soil‐borne fungal pathogen affecting many important agricultural crops. Little is known regarding the population biology or origin of this pathogen. Polymorphic markers developed for Ceratocystis fimbriata, a species complex phylogenetically closely related to T. basicola, were tested and found not to be useful for T. basicola. In this study 14 primer pairs, seven of which resulted in the amplification of single polymorphic fragments in T. basicola were developed. These primers will enable further studies on this economically important pathogen, and will result in an enhanced understanding of its population structure in different parts of the world.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Chagas’ disease vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: GARCÍA BEATRIZ A. , ZHENG LIANGBIAO , ROSAS ALICIA R. PÉREZ DE , SEGURA ELSA L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMicrosatellites were identified and characterized from Triatoma infestans, the principal vector of Chagas’ disease in the Southern Cone of South American countries. Ninety‐three microsatellite loci were isolated from partial genomic libraries, of which 30 were amplified and 10 were selected for genotyping. The degree of intrapopulation variation in these loci was determined using 34 specimens from the locality of Chancaní (Córdoba, Argentina). The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 19 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.608 to 0.941. The variability of these microsatellite markers provides a valuable molecular tool for population genetic studies in T. infestans.
A novel method for collection and preservation of faeces for genetic studies
Authors: ROEDER AMY D. , ARCHER FREDERICK I. , POINAR HENDRIK N. , MORIN PHILLIP A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractQuantitative and qualitative measurements of DNA were used to compare faecal sample storage in ethanol and silica with a novel method (two‐step) in which samples are soaked in ethanol and then desiccated with silica. Silica‐preserved samples had the lowest DNA concentrations. The two‐step method yielded significantly more DNA in high quality samples (average DNA concentrations > 100 pg/µL with all storage methods). However, for lower quality samples, the ethanol and two‐step methods performed similarly. The amounts and rates of sample degradation were not strongly affected by storage method and neither was the percentage of target DNA (< 1%) obtained from the samples.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum
Authors: REUSCH THORSTEN B. H. , RAUCH GISEP , KALBE MARTIN 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present primers for five polymorphic microsatellite loci in the eye fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda), a widely distributed parasite with a complex life cycle used as a model for parasitology and fish immunology. The loci were identified using a GA/CT‐enriched genomic library by subtractive hybridization with magnetic particles. All five loci were highly polymorphic, displaying 17 to 61 alleles and heterozygosities ranging from 0.53 to 0.92. We isolated populations of parasites within the first (snail) and second (fish) intermediate host and found small but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.012) between the two life stages of the parasite.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for a solitary digger wasp, the European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum; Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)
Authors: KALTENPOTH MARTIN , STROHM ERHARD , GADAU JÜRGEN 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present primer sequences for 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the European beewolf, Philanthus triangulum. Microsatellites were isolated using an efficient enrichment procedure. The number of alleles ranged from two to 28, with observed levels of heterozygosity between 0.090 and 0.828. The microsatellites were designed to determine paternity in female offspring of P. triangulum and to study female choice in this species. We also report the applicability of these markers for a congeneric North American species, P. gibbosus.
Microsatellite isolation from the gall midge Spurgia capitigena (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a biological control agent of leafy spurge
Authors: LLOYD CASANDRA J. , NORTON ANDREW P. , HUFBAUER RUTH A. , BOGDANOWICZ STEVEN M. , NISSEN SCOTT J. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Spurgia capitigena is a gall midge that has been released as a biological control agent of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), a noxious rangeland weed in North America. We isolated 15 microsatellite loci from S. capitigena with from two to 27 alleles at each locus. These markers will allow us to examine the structure and levels of neutral genetic variation in native and introduced populations.
Microsatellite loci for the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina
Authors: AZUMA N. , TAKAHASHI J. , HIGASHI S. , SASAKI M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe developed 13 microsatellite loci in Oecophylla smaragdina from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. These loci showed two to 14 alleles in O. smaragdina with expected heterozygosity of each locus from 0.10 to 0.89, and six were also polymorphic in the related species, O. longinoda. The results suggested that the loci will be useful to analyse the genetic structure of Oecophylla species at both the colony and population levels.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the South African abalone (Haliotis midae)
Authors: BESTER ALETTA E. , SLABBERT RUHAN , D’AMATO MARÍA EUGENIA 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the South African abalone Haliotis midae. These loci showed a range of five to 21 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.14 to 0.93 in a wild population of 32 individuals. All loci except four conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations and did not show linkage disequilibrium. The polymorphism exhibited at these loci indicate that they would be useful in determining levels of genetic variability in natural and commercial Haliotis midae populations as well as in parentage and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis in hatchery reared abalone.
Characterization of nuclear DNA microsatellite markers in the ant Cataglyphis cursor
Authors: PEARCY M. , CLÉMENCET J. , CHAMERON S. , ARON S. , DOUMS C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe ant Cataglyphis cursor is exceptional in that unmated workers are potentially able to lay both male and female eggs. We characterized eight pairs of primers for microsatellite loci, developed from genomic DNA for this species. Variability was tested with DNA from 19 workers and all eight loci were highly polymorphic, displaying 5–10 alleles and a high level of heterozygosity. Cross‐species amplifications indicate that these microsatellites might be useful in genetic studies of other species belonging to the genus Cataglyphis.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the endangered oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: JONES JESS W. , CULVER MELANIE , DAVID VICTOR , STRUTHERS JENNIFER , JOHNSON NATHAN A. , NEVES RICHARD J. , O'BRIEN STEPHEN J. , HALLERMAN ERIC M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPrimers for 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for the endangered oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis from the Clinch River, Tennessee. Microsatellite loci also were tested in four other populations or species. Amplification was successful for most loci in these closely related endangered species or populations; therefore, a high level of flanking sequence similarity was inferred for this group of species and populations. Allelic diversity ranged from nine to 20 alleles/locus, and averaged 13.6/locus. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to amplify microsatellite loci across freshwater mussel species to conduct population genetics studies.
Microsatellite markers in a complex of Horismenus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoids of bruchid beetles
Authors: AEBI A. , ALVAREZ N. , BUTCHER R. D. J. , HANSSON C. , RISTERUCCI A. M. , BENREY B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractParasitoids of the genus Horismenus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are the main natural enemies of bruchid beetles that feed on several species of Phaseolus beans. Samples of Horismenus depressus, H. missouriensis and H. butcheri were collected from seeds of three Phaseolus species throughout Mexico to examine the impact of plant variability on the genetic structure of parasitoid populations. For this purpose, six microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized. These loci are of great interest in understanding the taxonomy of the genus Horismenus, the most important Eulophid genus in the Neotropics.
Optimization of novel polymorphic microsatellites in muskox (Ovibos Moschatus) leads to an increased estimate of muskox microsatellite diversity
Authors: VAN COEVERDEN PETER J. , GROOT DE , BOAG PETER 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInitial microsatellite studies suggested that muskoxen display the lowest microsatellite polymorphism in a large ungulate. We optimized 17 di‐nucleotide microsatellites with longer repeats from a muskox DNA library and surveyed 18 animals from across their natural range. Loci with perfect repeats were more variable than imperfect loci: Hperfect = 0.504 ± 0.045 (± SE) vs. Himperfect = 0.067 ± 0.055. Our Hperfect estimate is higher than previous low estimates of HE = 0.018 and HE = 0.059.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death
Authors: PROSPERO S. , BLACK J. A. , WINTON L. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe specific primers and conditions to amplify two dinucleotide and five trinucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. The primer sets were tested on 14–30 isolates from North America and Europe. Seven of 14 loci differentiated between A1 and A2 mating types. All seven loci successfully amplified DNA isolated from infected plant tissue. Four loci may be useful for the diagnosis of P. ramorum because they do not amplify closely related Phytophthora species.
Development of DNA microsatellite markers in the Andean root crop arracacha: Arracacia xanthorrhiza Banc. (Apiaceae)
Authors: MORILLO E. , SECOND G. , PHAM J. L. , RISTERUCCI A. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA microsatellite‐enriched library was constructed in the Andean root crop arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza B). Of 18 loci tested, 14 were found to be polymorphic after screening for diversity in different cultivars and related wild forms. Allelic diversity in the crop was low but the transferability of the primers to closely related wild forms was good. The loci reported here are the first genetic markers to be published for this species and will be useful for future germplasm characterization and studies of genetic diversity.
kingroup: a program for pedigree relationship reconstruction and kin group assignments using genetic markers
Authors: KONOVALOV DMITRY A. , MANNING CLINT , HENSHAW MICHAEL T. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract kingroup is an open source java program implementing a maximum likelihood approach to pedigree relationships reconstruction and kin group assignment. kingroup implements a new method (currently being performance tested) for reconstructing groups of kin that share a common relationship by estimating an overall likelihood for alternative partitions. A number of features found in kinship (Goodnight & Queller 1999) have also been implemented to make them available outside the Classic Macintosh OS platform for the first time.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Ulmus minor Miller and cross‐amplification in U. glabra Hudson and U. laevis Pall.
Authors: COLLADA C. , FUENTES‐UTRILLA P. , GIL L. , CERVERA M. T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe developed five microsatellites from Ulmus minor using an AFLP protocol followed by an enrichment step, with biotinylated primers containing tandem repeats. Loci were characterized using a total of 30 elms from six Spanish populations. Three microsatellites were also transferred to U. laevis and U. glabra.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the blue manakin, Chiroxiphia caudata (Aves, Pipridae)
Authors: FRANCISCO MERCIVAL R. , GALETTI PEDRO M. , GIBBS H. LISLE 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe designed primers for amplifying 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the blue manakin, Chiroxiphia caudata, a neotropical passerine bird which inhabits a critically endangered tropical ecosystem, the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Based on genotypes from 24 individuals from a single population, we detected between four and 22 alleles per locus with observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.54 to 0.92. These highly variable loci will be useful for determining levels of population differentiation and assessing the impact of habitat fragmentation on levels of genetic variation in isolated populations of these birds.
treegraph: automated drawing of complex tree figures using an extensible tree description format
Authors: MÜLLER JÖRN , MÜLLER KAI 
Published: November 2004

Abstract treegraph assists in producing complex ready‐to‐publish figures of phylogenetic trees. The TGF format used by the program automates formatting of several different statistical support value types (confidence estimates) per tree node. Moreover, internal text and graphical labels are automatically arranged at the nodes as are annotations for clades or groups of terminals. treegraph imports nexus trees and related file formats. Beyond common tree edit operations, simultaneous pruning of subtrees (simplification of the tree to higher order clades) and saving of subtrees is possible. treegraph exports to the standard vector graphics formats Scalable Vector Graphics and PostScript.
Ageing across the life span: time to think again
Authors: Piérard G E 
Published: November 2004

SummaryLiving organisms are subject to ageing. This natural process has gained greater importance in socially and medically affluent societies. For many, ageing connotes unattractive changes in the appearance of the skin. The gross morphological changes of ageing skin are mirrored by a range of more profound age‐associated physiological declines. Thus, skin ageing can be put into other perspectives which lie at the interfaces of molecular biology, cellular biology, oncology and cosmetic dermatology. Genetically programmed replicative senescence and stress‐induced premature senescence (SIPS) are two processes that are fundamental to skin ageing. Some iteroparous species can be used as animal models for human ageing. Undoubtedly, scientific understanding of skin ageing is firmly rooted in the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic types of ageing. However, seven major types of skin ageing can be distinguished: genetic, chronological, solar, behavioural, endocrinological, catabolic and gravitational types. Preventative measures can target each of these.
The cosmetic treatment of wrinkles
Authors: Rona C , Vailati F , Berardesca E 
Published: November 2004

SummaryWrinkles now have a greater social impact because people live longer. Science and hedonism overlap in the search for causes, treatments and prevention of wrinkles.The cosmetic approach to wrinkles includes:CleansingPhotoprotectionActive ingredientsActive ingredients go well beyond simple moisturisers and exert a more complex activity in protecting skin from external injuries, nourishing it and removing its superficial layers. Transport systems and excipients are increasingly effective. Functional agents currently include alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), poly‐AHAs, complex poly‐AHAs, retinoids, fish polysaccharides, anti‐enzymatic agents, antioxidants (including ascorbic acid, pycnogenol, ursolic acid, vegetable isoflavones, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, lipoic acid, resveratorol, l‐carnosine and taurine) as well as agaricic acid and various plant extracts. All are reviewed in this text. Most are topical, some can be given by mouth, even as food supplements.Cosmetics are becoming closer to drugs in preventing and treating wrinkles. Included amongst the cosmeceuticals are the anti‐wrinkle agents described herein.
Management of complications after implantation of fillers
Authors: De Boulle Koenraad 
Published: November 2004

SummarySoft tissue augmentation is widely practised by a variety of different practitioners.A new classification of filler substances and procedures, taking into account long‐term safety and reversibility of side effects, is proposed:non‐permanent and biodegradable,semi‐permanent and biodegradable,permanent and reversible,permanent and non‐reversible.Complications and adverse effects occur with all fillers and all filler procedures. Insufficient experience is an important contributory factor. Underreporting is probably common. Commonest are haematomas, ecchymoses, infections, papulopustular or acneiform lesions, non‐hypersensitivity related swelling and oedema, erythema, changes in pigmentation, palpability of the implant and necrosis of overlying tissue. Specific therapeutic approaches for these complications and practical recommendations to minimize or avoid them are discussed.Hypersensitivity reactions and granuloma formation are the most distressing adverse effects. They can occur with most fillers. Mostly these hypersensitivity reactions are local granulomas but, rarely, generalized reactions also occur. Case reports of systemic reactions after injection of hyaluronic acid are documented. Treatments include steroids, minocycline and immunomodulatory agents, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus and ascomycin. In selected cases, surgical procedures are necessary to elimirate granulomatous reactions. Implant migration and facial lipoatrophy are encountered with certain compounds. Extreme caution is therefore advocated before using permanent and non‐reversible products for soft tissue augmentation.Those who use fillers need to be familiar with the complications of fillers and with the treatment of those complications.
Evaluation of the perceived impact of an interdisciplinary healthcare ethics course on clinical practice
Authors: Carpenter Christine , Ericksen Janet , Purves Barbara , Hill David S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHealthcare professionals and educators perceive that interdisciplinary education initiatives facilitate improved interdisciplinary team functioning and practice in a diversity of healthcare settings, but evidence to support this perception has been lacking. This report presents data from a descriptive study conducted in two phases – a focus group and the development and administration of a questionnaire – that sought to evaluate healthcare professionals’ perception of the impact of having taken an interdisciplinary course in healthcare ethics on the subsequent clinical practice of healthcare professionals, and to identify implications for future ethics‐related, interdisciplinary course development. The course organization and the course participants and faculty are briefly described. The findings indicate that respondents judged the course to be valuable in enhancing their ability to engage in the interdisciplinary aspects of practice and in addressing ethical issues. They identified effective components of the education experience and areas in which the course organization could be improved. Based on these findings, implications for future curriculum and course planning and evaluation research are discussed.