bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics and Rhetoric of Discord and Concord in Paul and Ignatius
Authors: Maier Harry O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Ignatius was a man of the Greek city and seems to have been relatively at home there [T]he spirit of popular Hellenistic culture remains more alive in his letters than is generally recognized.’1 One of the more ground-breaking aspects of William Schoedel’s commentary on Ignatius’ epistles is its attention to the ways in which the Ignatian corpus echoes the vocabulary and concepts characteristic of contemporary pagan political philosophy and civic culture. Schoedel has urged a reorientation toward politics and rhetoric as indispensable guides for situating Ignatius in his social and theological setting.
European Identity and Human Rights
Authors: Williams Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The stories that have been told about human rights and the Community rarely touch upon the notion of a European identity as an important influence. But when we look more closely at the development of a bifurcation in human rights policies, as introduced in the previous chapter, we can see that the two discourses of rights on the one hand and identity on the other, are bound tightly together. One could go so far as to suggest that the adoption and subsequent development by the Community of a narrative of European identity was a formative and crucial factor. In an effort to contribute to the construction of an overarching authenticity, one that would have both internal and external application, and promote the credibility of the whole European Project, the Community specifically deployed identity as a unifying and distinguishing concept. The resulting narrative incorporated human rights as an essential element in its definition. It was this that provided the impetus for the central internal/external bifurcation to develop.
Redemption: Some Crucial Issues
Authors: Geraldo‘Collins SJ 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three earlier ‘summit’ meetings held in New York treated issues concerning Christ ‘in himself’: his personal resurrection from the dead (1996), his eternal life within the Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (1998), and his incarnation (2000). The fourth ‘summit’ of Easter 2003 focused on Christ ‘for us’ or Christ as the unique redeemer for all humanity and the whole created universe. Between our third and fourth ‘summits’ the terrorist attacks in the United States of 11 September 2001, the new wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the continuing wars in the Congo, the Sudan, and elsewhere violently tore humanity apart and showed more than ever the need for reconciliation on a world scale.
Narrative and the Problem of Evil: Suffering and Redemption
Authors: Stump Eleonore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I am going to examine one form of the problem of evil, namely, that having to do with horrendous evil; I will consider whether there is anything that can redeem the suffering even of those whose lives include the perpetration of great evil. But I want to explore this question in a way unusual for a philosopher, and so I need to begin by explaining and providing some justification for the methodology I mean to use.
‘Graven with an Iron Pen’: The Persistence of Redemption as a Theme in Literature
Authors: Kiely Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Job’s declamatory speech and the silence of Jesus are striking moments in two great scriptural narratives about redemption or, more precisely, about the promise of redemption scorned by sceptics who doubt that it can occur. Both episodes represent the suffering of an innocent victim mocked by observers who taunt them for being unable to save themselves. Both suggest on the part of the mockers a relatively simple understanding of redemption or salvation as release from present suffering. However, Job’s hope for a future Redeemer and Mark’s reference to ‘building the temple in three days’ hint powerfully at the possibility of a more complex and radical salvation the devil or ransoming man from his power, and argued instead that Christ satisfies and redeems the debt man owes to God because of human disobedience.
Leniency And Concurrency
Authors: Nazzini Renato 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cartel enforcement in Europe has been increasing over the years. In the early 13.01 days, very few decisions were made and the fines were generally not very sub-stantial.1 In the 1980s, the Commission started focusing on cartel enforcement. Not surprisingly, with increased enforcement there comes increased litigation, and the Community courts at times annulled decisions by the Commission or the first decision by the Commission in a cartel case was Quinine [1969] OJ L192/5. That year the Commission also adopted its decision
Network Models of Innovation and Knowledge Diffusion
Authors: Cowan Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of modern microeconomics is built from the starting point of the perfectly competitive market. In this model, there are an infinite number of agents - buyers and sellers, none of whom has the power to influence the price by his actions. The good is well defined, indeed it is perfectly standardized. And any interactions agents have is mediated by the market. That is, all transactions are anonymous, in the sense that the identities of buyer and seller are unimportant. Effectively, the seller sells ‘to the market ‘ and the buyer buys ‘from the market ‘. This follows from the standardization of the good, and the fact that the market imposes a very strong discipline on prices. Implicit here is one (or both) of two assumptions.
‘Old Economy ‘ Inputs for ‘New Economy ‘ Outcomes: Cluster Formation in the New Silicon Valleys
Authors: Bresnahan Timothy , Gambardella Alfonso , Saxenian Annalee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the sources of success in regional clusters of entrepreneurship and innovation like Silicon Valley. It draws from the results of a two-year research project carried out by a large international and interdisciplinary team. The project has looked at how different forces, including public policy, business strategy, and institutions at regional and national level have combined to encourage the emergence, growth, and maintenance of clusters, and how they might achieve the level of positive feedback and ongoing success of Silicon Valley itself. Our viewpoint has been comparative. We have used both in-depth case studies and statistical methods to analyse examples of early, preliminary, and partially successful development of regional clusters in information and communications technology (ICT), inside and outside the United States.
Degrees of Freedom: Rethinking the Institutional Analysis of Economic Change
Authors: Hancke Bob , Goyer Michel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No self-respecting economist, political scientist, or sociologist today ignores the importance of institutions. In standard economics, institutional analysis has found a central place: endogenous growth theory, transaction costs economics, as well as the new economics of organization imply an active incorporation of institutions into theory; and since the seminal article by March and Olsen (1984), even hard core behavioural political science has been forced to come to terms with the structuring effect of institutions, while game-theoretic approaches in political science underscore the role of institutions in shaping outcome sets.
Change In Coordinated Market Economies: The Case Of Nokia And Finland
Authors: Moen Eli , Lilja Kari 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the late 1990s, Nokia became a global leader in mobile telephones, and Finland one of the most ‘technology developed’ countries in the world. The success of both Nokia and Finland has startled the surrounding world; Nokia for having overtaken the well-established Motorola and Ericsson, and Finland for having been ranked above the United States, the vanguard of the ‘new economy’, in terms of competitiveness and future dynamics. The stories of Nokia and Finland are conspicuous due to their point of departure and the abrupt nature of their technological-economic change. Until the early 1990s, Finland appeared to outside observers as a typical raw-material-based economy due to the dominant position of the forest industry, and Nokia was known to consumers for its rubber products.
Modelling National Business Systems and the Civilizing Process
Authors: Kristensen Peer Hull 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the last couple of decades the comparative study of national business systems has gradually compiled material allowing us to see that neither the social space occupied by the capitalist enterprise in different societies nor its nature as a social entity is given by its universal function as an agency in the market or as an expression of class relations in the capitalist mode of production.
Towards an international public interest rule? Human rights and international copyright law
Authors: Suthersanen Uma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contextualizing Technology (2) Human rights: from citizenry and Knowledge as a Human values to corporate values 5.21 Rights Issue 5.01 (3) Copyright: from the 1886 author to the 1996 entrepreneur 5.23 Justifying Copyright within an Developing an international Utilitarian approach 5.Q7 Why discuss international copyright law in the context of international human rights regimes, and vice versa? Historically, both human rights and copyright were national concerns. Nevertheless, the need for an increased influence of international human rights policy within the international and national copyright regimes is undeniable for several reasons.
From Oral Disputation to Written Text: the Transformation of the Dissertation in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Chang Ku-ming (Kevin) 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What we identify today as the dissertation is a text written by a degree candidate and viva voce defended before a group of people (the candid– ate’s examination committee or the community of his university). Its form is straightforward: a text, and its authorship certain: a degree candidate. Likewise, its use is clear: the acquirement of a degree, in most cases a Ph.D. While the length and quality of the dissertation may vary, the doctoral dissertation is supposed to make an original contribution to human knowledge. Such is the format of the dissertation that seems to be taken for granted today.
Introduction
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the second half of the twentieth century it has been acknowledged that there are significant practical and legal obstacles confronting consumers who seek redress for defective goods or substandard services. There is a considerable body of evidence to suggest that, in a significant proportion of cases, consumers do not obtain satisfactory outcomes to their complaints. One of the major weaknesses of many contemporary legal systems is that they fail to provide effective mechanisms for the vindication of consumers’ contractual rights. The problems which consumers face in domestic cases are substantial; such problems are significantly greater in the cross-border context.
Dispute-Resolution Agreements
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a general rule, the principle of party autonomy permits contracting parties to determine the content of their bargain according to their wishes. Failure to comply with a freely entered agreement is a civil wrong; courts uphold such agreements either by ordering contracting parties to act in accordance with the terms of the agreement or by awarding damages for breach. The application of the principle of party autonomy in the field of cross-border contracts means that courts should normally enforce dispute- resolution agreements: ‘Today the freedom of the parties to an international contract to choose . . . the forum, judicial or arbitral, for the settlement of their disputes is almost universally acknowledged.
The Promotion of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Europe
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the course of the last decade, there has been quite a lot of work undertaken at the European level to promote the use of ADR (including ODR) for disputes arising from b2c contracts:
The growing interest by the European Commission in ODR is motivated by the need to enhance consumers’ rights of access to justice through effective means of cross border dispute resolution at a low cost and by the need to ensure a fair balance between the different interests in the internal market . . .
Alternative Dispute Resolution and Online Dispute Resolution
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the field of ADR, different legal systems have adopted different institutional solutions—although it should be noted that, in many countries (even in Europe), ADR is not at all common or widespread. Within Europe there are several different models. For instance, the Nordic model (and the similar model to be found in the Baltic states) is mainly based on public complaints boards, established and financed by the state. In Denmark, for example, there are consumer complaints boards for various sectors of the economy (such as the building, travel, insurance, and tourism industries).
Consumers’ Substantive Rights and Choice of Law
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the objectives of consumer law is to find an appropriate balance between the rights of consumers and suppliers. The superior economic power of suppliers means that consumer contracts are invariably contracts of adhesion which are offered to consumers on a ‘take it or leave it’ basis. Such contracts are, obviously, drafted to reflect the interests of suppliers and can impose contractual terms which favour the supplier and fail to give effect to consumers reasonable expectations;
Conclusions
Authors: Hill Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each of the earlier chapters contains some conclusions on specific topics considered in this work and it is not intended to repeat them all in this final chapter. However, there are several broad themes which should be emphasized by way of conclusion.
The problem with cross-border litigation as a solution to consumer disputes is that, although consumers in general know that civil courts exist and that they are available for the resolution of legal disputes, the litigation process is intimidating, time-consuming, potentially expensive, and generally not well-adapted to the resolution of the low-value disputes that typically arise from consumer contracts. Although this problem can impact on suppliers as well as consumers, difficulties surrounding access to justice are more likely to affect consumers for several reasons.
Venturing Beyond
Authors: Wolfson Elliot R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are mysticism and morality compatible or at odds with one another? If mystical experience embraces a form of non-dual consciousness, then in such a state of mind, the regulative dichotomy so basic to ethical discretion would seemingly be transcended and the very foundation for ethical decisions undermined. Venturing Beyond - Law and Morality in Kabbalistic Mysticism is an investigation of the relationship of the mystical and moral as it is expressed in the particular tradition of Jewish mysticism known as the Kabbalah. The particular themes discussed include the denigration of the non-Jew as the ontic other in kabbalistic anthropology and the eschatological crossing of that boundary anticipated in the instituition of religious conversion; the overcoming of the distinction between good and evil in the mystical experience of the underlying unity of all things; divine suffering and the ideal of spiritual poverty as the foundation for transmoral ethics and hypernomian lawfulness.
Security
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Credit risk is the risk of non-payment of debts or non-performance of other obligations. The chief cause of such default is insolvency. As explained in section 1.2.3, the business of banks and other financial institutions is, essentially the assumption of risk (including credit risk) with a view to profi t. A bank that avoided credit risk would immediately go out of business.
Market Forces In Financial Law And Regulation
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Markets are comprised of patterns of entry into and tend to lower prices. But it is important to remember that ‘[m]arkets work but not always and not perfectly.’ With the rise of electronic trading, the historic association between markets and physical venues has long been anachronistic. New patterns of trading have challenged the traditional deﬁnitions of regulatable markets the traditional.
The Promise of Management Control Systems for Innovation and Strategic Change
Authors: Davila Tony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes a framework for analysing the different roles that formal management control systems (MCS) may play in managing various types of innovation, and, the effect that these innovations have on changes in business strategy. Traditionally, MCS have been associated with mechanistic organizations (Burns and Stalker 1961), where their purpose was to reduce variety and implement standardization as portrayed in the cybernetic model (Ashby 1960; Anthony 1965). Accordingly, they were frequently perceived as a hindrance to any innovation and change effort in the organization.
Statutory History of Financial Assistance—Companies Acts 1928–1980
Authors: Roberts Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A legislative prohibition on the provision of financial assistance by a company for the acquisition of its shares has been on the statute book since the Companies Act 1928. The statutory prohibition on financial assistance has been re-enacted in successive Acts of Parliament governing companies. Over the years, this has been added to and reformulated in order to meet changing circumstances. In more recent times, cogent arguments have been made in favour of radical reform of the prohibition, especially insofar as it applies to solvent private companies. Notwithstanding the changes to the general prohibition that have taken place, the aim and purpose of the prohibition remains what it always was originally. This is succinctly described in the words of Arden LJ in the important case of Robert Chaston v SWP Group plc .
The Prohibition on Financial Assistance
Authors: Roberts Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The legislative provisions setting out the prohibition on financial assistance are notoriously difficult to interpret, and as a result there is much uncertainty in this area of the law. It is generally accepted that the prohibition on a company providing financial assistance for the acquisition of its own shares or shares in its holding company is an area of company law that causes many problems in corporate transactions. Financial assistance issues can arise in a number of diverse situations, such as the buy-back of shares, where a subsidiary wishes to lend to its parent the purchase price or provide security for a loan to its parent; a takeover, in which the target wishes to agree to pay the bidder a break fee if a rival bid is successful; or an auction sale, where the vendor wants to make available a due diligence report that has been paid for by the target. In previous chapters the scope and nature of the prohibition on a company giving financial assistance for the acquisition of its shares have been examined. The application of the prohibition is considered in this chapter.
The Consequences of a Breach of Section 151 of the Companies Act 1985
Authors: Roberts Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A breach of section 151 of the Companies Act 1985 is a serious matter as criminal sanctions are imposed by the legislation. If a company acts in breach of the prohibition set out in section 151 of the 1985 Act, it is liable to a fine. In addition, every officer of the company who is in default is liable on conviction on indictment to a term of imprisonment not exceeding two years or a fine, or both. On summary conviction of an errant officer of a company that has broken the prohibition, that person is liable to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or both. An officer of a company is defined in section 744 of the 1985 Act as including a director, manager, or secretary. The word ‘director’ is defined in section 741 of the 1985 Act and has an all-embracing definition of persons who occupy the position of director irrespective of the title that is conferred upon that person. In certain circumstances, the knowledge of an officer can be imputed to the company.
Introduction
Authors: Grey Christopher , Willmott Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There seems something perverse in producing a Reader of critical work. For the very notion of a Reader entails assumptions that, from a critical perspective, appear questionable. The selection of contributions implies the existence of an underlying field with a clear and settled identity and set of boundaries which are then mapped by the Reader. In these terms, Critical Management Studies (CMS) looks like an unpromising candidate for a Reader. As a newly emergent area or genre that has yet to ‘ settle’ in this way, so there is considerable room for debating its scope as well as its distinctive or most illustrious works.
Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams
Authors: Barker James R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I provide an ethnographic account of how an organization’s control system evolved in response to a managerial change from hierarchical, bureaucratic control to concertive control in the form of self-managing teams. The study investigates how the organization’s members developed a system of value-based normative rules that controlled their actions more powerfully and completely than the former system. I describe the organization and its members and provide a detailed account of the dynamics that emerged as concertive control became manifest through the members’ interactions.
Studying Managerial Work: A Critique and a Proposal
Authors: Willmott Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A striking point about empirical studies of managerial work in capitalist enterprise is their disregard for its institutional formation and significance. In general, the institutional conditioning and consequences of managerial work is either bracketed, taken for granted, or treated as an independent variable. The purpose of this article is to highlight the hiatus between ‘behavioural’ and ‘institutional’ accounts of managerial work and to suggest a means of over- coming this dualism between ‘action’ and ‘system’ (Giddens 1976; 1979; 1984). More specifically, the paper focuses upon the neglect of institutional analysis in behavioural studies of management practice.
Abstract Ethics, Embodied Ethics: The Strange Marriage of Foucault and Positivism in Labour Process Theory
Authors: Wray-Bliss Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘When we write about the experiences of a group to which we do not belong, we should think about the ethics of our action, considering whether or not our work will be used to reinforce and perpetuate domination.’ (bell hooks 1989 : 43) .This paper is an exploration and critique of the ethics and effects of our actions as academics and researchers engaged in critical management studies. I draw upon Foucauldian ethical commitments and the example of the ‘Manchester School’s’ labour process theory (LPT) to illustrate and contextualize my discussion. In using the Manchester school’s LPT as an example, it is not my intention for this work to be read as either singling out particular authors for specific criticism, or as a contribution to the ‘divide’ between ‘Foucauldian’ and ‘Marxist’ LPT organizational studies.