bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un amour de Swann: Nostalgia and Sexuality
Authors: Powrie Phil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A LA recherche du temps perdu is a manual of self-discovery (it is also, of course, an acute social analysis). It is a many-stranded narrative; it is indeed a stranded narrative, losing itself/myself purposefully so as to (perhaps) find itself/myself. Un amour de Swann, on the other hand, is relentlessly literal, reinforcing dominant narrative by its typically voyeuristic, narcissistic hero, with whom I, the male spectator, am supposed partially to identify, or at least partially to empathize. Moreover, Un amour de Swann unsubtly caricatures what it clearly represents as ‘deviant’ sexuality-homosexuality, male and female-upholding a brutalist heterosexuality and punishing dominant women characters for the reckless expression of independence. I shall start with the most obviously, indeed crudely, visible: (explicit) eroticism, which paradoxically draws a veil over ‘deviant’ desire. Some reviews comment on what is clearly seen as an admirable/admirably faithful eroticism in the film: The film’s episode showing Swann making futile, fatal attempts to lay bare Odette’s past as he undresses her establishes a motif to which the novel constantly devotes half-appalled, half-ironic attention. Repeatedly ruffled by fears of infidelity, these scenes are steadily faithful to Proust’s work¬ which they accurately reflect, too, in being tinged with an eroticism that stems from the tension between passion and protocol
Give with the Other
Authors: Powrie Phil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
CRITICS saluted Truffaut’s Vivement dimanche! as a lightweight but fitting conclusion to his career: lightweight because it is a pastiche of film noir, fitting because it pays homage not only to film noir, but also, by its many references, to Truffaut’s mentor Hitchcock, as well as to Truffaut’s own films. To dwell principally on the film as a patchwork of references, however, obscures one of the main problems raised by it, namely that the film is riven apart not so much by a multiplicity of intertextual references as by a substantial fracture (of which intertextuality forms only a part), not untypical of film noir: that between the dominant male narrative style of the genre and the attempt to place the Fanny Ardant/ Barbara character into the dominant narrative position. Curiously, though, the fracturing is ambivalent. The dominance given to Fanny Ardant/Barbara is undermined by a variety of narrative and stylistic devices which reimpose a patriarchal framework, thus denying or minimizing her dominance.
A Fistful of Polars: Chronicles of Discomfiture
Authors: Powrie Phil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
TRUFFAUT’s final film was a polar, an affectionate retrospective and regressive gesture to a popular genre refracted through an auteurist lens. In 1985, two other auteurs also made polars. Godard’s Detective opened in May 1985, with the curious combination of Nathalie Baye and the pop singer Johnny Hallyday. A few months later, Pialat, whose 1983 film A nos amours (1983) is considered one of the key films of the 1980s, released the starkly titled Police (September 1985), starring Depardieu and the then teen idol Sophie Marceau. I shall also be considering in this chapter a more commercial and, to use Hayward’s term, ultra-codified polar by Bob Swaim, whose brashly American and immensely popular La Balance (1982) also starred a miscast Nathalie Baye as a prostitute and Philippe Leotard.
The Comic Film
Authors: Powrie Phil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
IT’ s no exaggeration to say that comic films are the most popular French genre. Of the six best-selling films of the 1980s overall, five were comedies, with Coline Serreau’s Trois hommes et un couffin (1985) the best-selling film of the decade with some IO million spectators in France, previously outdone only by two other comedies in the 1960s, both starring the then very popular pair of comedians Bourvil and Louis de Funes, and both directed by Gerard Oury, La Grande Vadrouille (1966, 17,226,000 spectators) and Le Corniaud (1965, n,724,000 spectators). These two films are good examples of the more traditional type of comic film, usually called vaudeville or boulevard, because of its roots in theatre and music hall (theatres in Paris were found on the Grands Boulevards). Grounded in situation comedy, mainstream comic film of the vaudeville type could be said to have no substantial psychological or moral pretensions.
La Vie est un long fleuve tranquille: Falien Angels and Men Overboard
Authors: Powrie Phil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
ONE of the more curious aspects of the success of La Vie est un long fleuve tranquille is the contradictory critical discourses which surrounded it on its release. The film was praised both for its realism, and for its caricatural elements. My argument in the first part of this chapter will be that this contradiction is essential because it allows a consensual positioning of the spectator, reinforced by elements of nostalgia inherent in the narrative. The effect of this nostalgic consensuality is to deny any political force to the derision intended by Chatiliez and his co-scriptwriter Quentin. However, in the second part of the chapter I shall be arguing that it is not so much the derision applied to social distinctions which makes the film interesting and indeed provocative, as the fixation on sex and its impact on gender relations.
Belgium
Authors: Jack Belinda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Belgium is as artificial a country as any, made up of three distinct areas. Two of the three, Wallonia and Flanders, were united in 1830, with Brussels as the capital. In 1920 the German-speaking cantons in the east were also added. A monarchy, a parliament, and a constitution were adopted. Most areas of Belgium are at least bilingual. In the north, Flemish and Dutch are spoken; in the east, French and German. In Brussels all three languages are spoken and a dialect-in which a written literature also exists-la brusselaire. The practical difficulties of Belgian multilingualism have allowed for the increasing use of English, particularly in international organizations and businesses.
Mauritius
Authors: Jack Belinda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Mascareignes are a group of islands in the Indian Ocean, most importantly Mauritius (formerly the Ile de France) and La Reunion (formerly the Ile Bourbon), but also the tiny island of Rodrigues. The two larger islands are less than a hundred nautical miles apart. The journey takes less than twelve hours by sea and roughly three¬ quarters of an hour by air. Rodrigues is 320 miles from Mauritius and 420 from Reunion.
The Maghreb
Authors: Jack Belinda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Maghreb (Arabic for West) is essentially made up of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Maghrebi literatures are as hybrid, protean, and defiant as any francophone literature. Challenging literary typologies and prognoses, they embrace writing which has ‘come out of the Maghreb, oral texts which circulate in that space, texts which participate in an imaginaire maghrébin, texts written, published, and read principally in the Maghreb, and those written by authors born there, but often living elsewhere, in ‘exile’. These literatures are written in numerous languages: classical and dialectal Arabic, Berber, and French are the most significant. Nor do these remain distinct in written texts. Translations and transcriptions of material may constitute parts of a text written largely in (an)other language(s).
Egypt
Authors: Jack Belinda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
That French travel writers had constructed an Egypt in French was a donné to which the first francophone Egyptian writers responded. Their desire was, above all, to explore and explain their country in greater depth and more accurately. It was largely for a French audience that they sought to set the record straight. Romans de mœrurs and transcriptions of oral material are the dominant genres during the first quarter of the century.
Population And Social Structure
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The social structure of early modern Europe, in all its variety and complexity, was a consequence of a mixture of factors: history, prevailing social attitudes and the extent of economic development. ‘Structure’ is a more helpful term than the term ‘class’, which tends to imply anachronistic nineteenth-century definitions arising from a market-economy-based interpretation of the period, where the production of material goods and the creation of wealth were dominant. Many older studies, it is true, stressed the decisive role of the middle class in bringing about change in the early modern period, blaming or praising it for such diverse phenomena as the Reformation, the growth of representative institutions and economic expansion. Marxist historical determinism still depicts the revolt of the Netherlands, the English civil war and the French Revolution as ‘bourgeois revolutions’. But such concepts are too rigid. Discontented nobles as well as an emergent bourgeoisie played a decisive part in political upheaval, both in the Dutch revolt and the French wars of religion. In most European countries there is little evidence of any consciousness of a dynamic and self-confident middle class, sure of its role and its destiny in society, as was arguably the case with the bourgeoisie in the nineteenth century. The noble ethos, not the values of the middle class, prevailed in early modern Europe. The ambition of the successful entrepreneur was to become a nobleman, not to remain simply a wealthy member of the bourgeoisie. Only in the more advanced economies such as the Dutch Republic and England did so-called ‘bourgeois’ values prevail in some measure.
The European Economy
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the difficulties faced by the historian of early modern Europe is to describe accurately a society and economy in which backwardness persisted yet where there were important trends towards what might be called modernity, perhaps even capitalism. Precise terminology is not easy to find: for example, are the terms ‘pre-industrial’ and ‘proto-industrial’ useful concepts when applied to this period? Recently, some French socio-economic historians, instead of emphasizing change, have substituted the idea of so-called ‘immobile history’, or ‘history that stands still’.’ They argue that during a long period of what was primarily agrarian history (variously described as 1320–1720, 1450–1720 or 1400–1800), society was imprisoned in its basic economic underdevelopment. This in turn is a revision of the more optimistic viewpoint of the French economic historian Simiand, expressed over fifty years ago, that the sixteenth century was a period of economic expansion (phase A), while the seventeenth century was one of recession (phase B). Such views may contain substantial truths but they are open to three objections. Firstly, the expansion of Simiand’s phase A did not occur evenly in all sectors of the economy: agriculture did not prosper throughout Europe in the sixteenth century. Secondly, some economies expanded during Simiand’s phase B: the prosperity of the Dutch Republic occurred at a time of general recession. Thirdly, the transition from phase A to phase B did not occur uniformly in Europe at any one fixed date nor was it to be found in all areas of economic activity at the same time. This is particularly true of price levels.
The Church and Christian life
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Shortly after his appointment as papal legate in Ireland, Gilbert, first bishop of Limerick, wrote a tract, De statu ecclesiae (Concerning church order). This may have been intended as a statement of intent for the reforming council of Rathbreasail (nn), at which he presided as legate, or alternatively as a digest of its conclusions. It laid out, dearly and schematically, the organizational structure of the Church. From the perspective of Rome the Irish Church was regrettably archaic; there were too many bishops but no territorial dioceses, the jurisdictional authority of the bishops was circumscribed, while abbots and their monasteries enjoyed considerable autonomy and spent as much time in ministering to the laity as in prayer within the cloister. In every respect this ran counter to contemporary orthodoxy. Gilbert showed, quite literally diagrammatically in the earliest manuscripts of this text, how matters should be ordered. The Church was an elaborate pyramid, which itself contained other interlocking and smaller triangles. At the base were the laity, divided, according to a tripartite scheme commonplace for several centuries, into those who worked (or ploughed) at bottom left, those who fought, next on the right, and above them those who prayed, presumably, though this is unclear, the pious laity.
Tradition and transformation: society and civil society in Britain, 1945–2001
Authors: Harris Jose 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the past fifty years private dramas, public events, and social trends in Britain have been recorded, mapped, and measured with ever-increasing detail and precision; but this has not made them easier to interpret. Much more is known about social mobility, social welfare, age distribution, life expectancy, class and gender roles, ethnicity, crime, private attitudes, and public opinion than for any previous epoch in British history.
Two cultures—one—or many?
Authors: Mandler Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In a famous 1959 lecture, the scientist and novelist C. P. Snow argued that postwar intellectual life in Britain was riven into ‘two cultures’, one scientific-materialist and the other literary-aesthetic, and that the long tradition in this country of favouring the latter at the expense of the former had condemned Britain to a steadily diminishing role in the modern world. Snow’s lecture elicited a furious response from the literary critic F. R. Leavis, for whom Snow represented precisely what was wrong with the modern world.
Britain and the world since 1945: narratives of decline or transformation?
Authors: Reynolds David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In January 1952 Anthony Eden, Britain’s Foreign Secretary, told an American audience why his country rejected the idea of joining ‘a federation on the continent of Europe’. That, said Eden,
is something which we know, in our bones, we cannot do ... For Britain’s story and her interests lie far beyond the continent of Europe. Our thoughts move across the seas to the many communities in which our people play their part, in every corner of the world. These are our family ties. That is our life: without it we should be no more than some millions of people living on an island off the coast of Europe, in which nobody wants to take any particular interest.
The fourth century and beyond
Authors: Casey P J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In a notable encomium on the state of Britain, the Labour politician Aneurin Bevan said that an island made mainly of coal and surrounded by seas full of fish could neither freeze nor starve and there fore must, by implication, be able in the last analysis to survive, were it not that some organizational genius had contrived to produce a shortage of both commodities at the same time. In the event neither coal nor fish now play a very large part in the economy of the island, but the truth of the overall sentiment is more than the reality of the parts as events in the period 1939-45 proved.
Electing the governors/the governance of the elect
Authors: Tanner Duncan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Writing in 1942, Lord Wedgwood of Barlaston claimed that ‘British parliamentary government is better than any other method of government, better than any other variety of democracy, and better now than it ever was in the past’. He was not the first to proclaim the superiority of the ‘Westminster model’ to both its north American and European ‘competitors’. However, unlike many of his predeces-sors Wedgwood was concerned that Britain had not exported this apparently unmatchable system to its imperial possessions. This chapter examines Wedgwood’s distinction between the British and imperial process of democratic change. Whilst the former rested on the consent of the governed, the latter evidently did not. Yet there is also a common thread that winds through this necessarily selective examination of British and imperial politics.
Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?
Authors: Ortner Sherry B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much of the creativity of anthropology derives from the tension between two sets of demands: that we explain human universals, and that we explain cultural particulars. Given this tension, woman provides us with one of the more challenging problems to be dealt with. The secondary status of woman in society is one of the true universals, a pan-cultural fact. Yet within that universal fact, the specific cultural conceptions and symbolizations of woman are extraordinarily diverse and even mutually contradictory. Further, the actual treatment of women and their relative power and contribution vary enormously from culture to culture, and over different periods in the history of particular cultural traditions. Both of these points—the universal fact and the cultural variation—constitute problems to be explained.
An Interview with Barbara Kruger
Authors: Mitchell W J T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mitchell: Could we begin by discussing the problem of public art? When we spoke a few weeks ago, you expressed some unease ness with the notion of public art, and I wonder if you could expand on that a bit. Kruger: Well, you yourself lodged it as the ‘problem’ of public art and I don’t really find it problematic inasmuch as I really don’t give it very much thought. I think on a broader level I could say that my ‘problem’ is with categorization and naming: how does one constitute art and how does one constitute a public? Sometimes I think that if architecture is a slab of meat, then so-called public art is a piece of garnish laying next to it. It has a kind of decorative function. Now not saying that it always has to be that way-at all-and I think perhaps that many of my colleagues are working to change that now. But all too often, it seems the case.
Sex, Lies, and the Public Sphere: Reflections on the Confirmation of Clarence Thomas
Authors: Fraser Nancy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The making of mainstream public opinion is mainly a routinized affair, the business of pundits as opposed to lay citizens. Occasionally, however, something happens that explodes the circuits of professional opinion-making-as-usual and calls forth widespread and intense public debate. In such moments, something approximating mass participation crystallizes, and for a brief instant, at least, we sense the possibility of a robust political public sphere. Yet the experience is characteristically mixed. Intimations of democracy are laced with demagoguery and exclusion, which the bright light of hyperpublicity casts into sharp relief. These moments can accordingly have great diagnostic value. They make starkly visible the structures of inequality and practices of power that deform public-opinion-making in ordinary times, less obtrusively but more systematically.
Dealing With Difference: A Politics of Ideas or a Politics of Presence?
Authors: Phillips Anne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the post-communist world of the 1980s and 1990s, liberalism and liberal democracy have achieved an impressive ascendancy, and can more plausibly present themselves as the only legitimate bases for equality, justice or democracy. Critics, of course, remain, but the grounds of complaint have shifted considerably. For many years, the central arguments against liberalism fell into three broad categories: that the liberal emphasis on individual freedoms and rights reflected a self-protective and competitive egotism that refused any wider community; that the liberal focus on ‘merely’ political equalities ignored or even encouraged gross inequalities in social and economic life; and that the liberal consolidation of representative democracy reduced the importance of more active citizen participation. None of these complaints has disappeared, but each has been reformulated in terms of diversity and difference.
Introduction
Authors: Dixit Avinash K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Economics has been defined as the study of making the best use of scarce resources, that is, of maximization subject to constraints. The criterion being maximized, and the constraints imposed on the choice, vary from one context to the next: households’ consumption and labor supply, firms’ production, and governments’ policies. But all constrained maximization problems have a common mathematical structure, which in turn generates a common economic intuition for them. This book aims to outline the mathematics and develop the intuition.
Seasonality and Habit Persistence in a Life Cycle Model of Consumption
Authors: Osborn* Denise R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Abstract. The allocation of non-durable consumers’ expenditure over the four quarters of the year reflects choices made by consumers, implying a utility function exhibiting seasonality. Incorporating such a function, the life cycle model fails to explain fully the observed dynamics in UK seasonally unadjusted data. Seasonal habit persistence effects are introduced and found to be significant. Although this generalized model stands up well to testing in a univariate context, it fails to exclude a predictive role for lagged income changes. Seasonality is inherent in many economic time series, but it is rarely considered to be an issue of interest in econometric model-building. Rather than explicitly investigating the economics underlying seasonal variation, modellers typically try to remove its effects either by using seasonally adjusted data or by including seasonal intercept dummies in their equations.
Nonlinear Models in Economic Theory
Authors: Granger Clive W J , Teräsvirta Timo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are many nonlinear models that have been suggested by economic theory and they are briefly reviewed here to see if they suggest models that econometricians should consider. One class that does seem to be potentially relevant involves switching regimes. One difficulty is that theorists often discuss deterministic models–involving bifurcation, catastrophes, and chaotic processes–whereas econometricians probably believe strongly that the economy is inherently stochastic due to measurement errors, unexpected shocks to the system, and unmeasured variables. The chapter briefly looks at these deterministic models.
Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Hall Alastair R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The previous two chapters describe the behavior of the estimator and its associated statistics in both correctly specified and mis specified models. The next step is to develop inference procedures through which the estimation results can be used to learn about the underlying model. There are three broad questions which naturally arise in this context Misspecification has the potential to make the estimator inconsistent, and so to render all subsequent inferences misleading. Therefore, it is prudent to begin by testing whether the model is correctly specified. Within our frame- work, the economic/statistical model