bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein–protein interactions in concentrated electrolyte solutions
Authors: Curtis R. A. , Ulrich J. , Montaser A. , Prausnitz J. M. , Blanch H. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProtein–protein interactions were measured for ovalbumin and for lysozyme in aqueous salt solutions. Protein–protein interactions are correlated with a proposed potential of mean force equal to the free energy to desolvate the protein surface that is made inaccessible to the solvent due to the protein–protein interaction. This energy is calculated from the surface free energy of the protein that is determined from protein–salt preferential‐interaction parameter measurements. In classical salting‐out behavior, the protein–salt preferential interaction is unfavorable. Because addition of salt raises the surface free energy of the protein according to the surface‐tension increment of the salt, protein–protein attraction increases, leading to a reduction in solubility. When the surface chemistry of proteins is altered by binding of a specific ion, salting‐in is observed when the interactions between (kosmotrope) ion–protein complexes are more repulsive than those between the uncomplexed proteins. However, salting‐out is observed when interactions between (chaotrope) ion–protein complexes are more attractive than those of the uncomplexed proteins. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 367–380, 2002.
Structure‐function relationships in immobilized chymotrypsin catalysis
Authors: Clark Douglas S. , Bailey James E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSpecific activities and the amounts of active immobilized enzyme were determined for several different preparations of α‐chymotrypsin immobilized on CNBr‐activated Sepharose 4B. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of free and immobilized enzyme with a spin label coupled to the active site was used to probe the effects of different immobilization conditions on the immobilized enzyme active site configuration. Specific activity of active enzyme decreased and rotational correlation time of the spin label increased with increasing immobilized enzyme loading. Enzyme immobilized using an intermediate six‐carbon spacer arm exhibited greater specific activity and spin label mobility than directly coupled enzyme. The observed activity changes due to immobilization were completely consistent with corresponding active site structure alterations revealed by EPR spectroscopy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 539–549, 2002.
Obturator canal fat plug: A pre‐hernial condition?
Authors: Callaghan C.J. , Whitaker R.H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough obturator hernias are rare, they are associated with a high mortality, as diagnosis is often delayed and the condition tends to occur in the elderly. Previous researchers have postulated that obturator hernias begin with invagination of pre‐peritoneal fat through the pelvic orifice of the obturator canal, forming a fat plug. With chronically raised intra‐abdominal pressure, or sudden weight loss, this can progress to a clinical obturator hernia. We dissected 95 Caucasian cadaveric hemi‐pelvises (47 males; 48 females) in order to investigate the frequency of fat plugs and examine the validity of the current hypothesis regarding obturator hernia pathogenesis. The mean age (SD) of the specimens was 83 (9) years, with 48 (24 male; 24 female) from the left side and 47 (23 male; 24 female) from the right side. A fat plug was found in 21 canals (22%); the majority were female (71%, P = 0.03), and right sided (62%, P = 0.20). The mean (SD) length was 20.0 mm (6.3 mm), with mean diameter 5.9 mm (1.8 mm). A shallow peritoneal dimple was also found overlying fat plugs in two specimens. No visceral herniations were found. The sex and side distribution of the obturator canal fat plugs we found are similar to those of obturator hernias reported in the literature, supporting the hypothesis that fat plugs are pre‐hernial. It is unlikely that fat plugs are a high‐risk condition, but dimples over these plugs may be a marker of potential hernia formation. Clin. Anat. 15:276–279, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer programs for estimating substrate flux into steady‐state biofilms from pseudoanalytical solutions
Authors: Goudar Chetan T. , Strevett Keith A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFixed‐film processes employing microorganisms attached to an inert surface (biofilms) are widely used for biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. For optimal design and analysis of these processes, mathematical models are necessary that describe the dynamics of contaminant transport within these biofilms and the associated contaminant utilization by the microorganisms. However, these governing equations that typically involve Fickian diffusion for contaminant transport and Monod kinetics for contaminant utilization are inherently nonlinear and have no closed form solutions except under special conditions. This can restrict their use in the classroom as cumbersome numerical techniques must be used for their solution. This problem is well documented in the literature and several authors have presented pseudoanalytical solutions that replace numerical solutions with algebraic equations. In the present study, we present pseudoanalytical solution‐based computer programs for estimating substrate flux and biofilm thickness for a steady‐state biofilm. Depending upon the intended end use, these programs can either partially or totally automate the solution process. In the partial automation mode, they can serve to enhance student understanding of important concepts related to steady‐state biofilms, while complete automation can help bring more challenging and realistic problems associated with steady‐state biofilms into the classroom. The programs have been tested on MATLAB version 5.0 and are available as freeware for educational purposes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 26–32, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10017
Maintaining a focus on the child? First impressions of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families in cases of child neglect
Authors: Horwath Jan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families is guidance introduced by the Department of Health in England to improve assessment practice and promote better outcomes for children and their families. This paper considers ways in which the Assessment Framework can improve assessment practice in cases of child neglect. However, as with any national guidance, its effectiveness is dependent on local approaches to implementation. The author has undertaken practice development work around implementation with senior managers and frontline staff in area child protection committees (ACPCs) and social services departments. These experiences are used to explore the local issues and tensions encountered by both practitioners and managers responsible for implementing the Assessment Framework. An argument is made that these issues and tensions if not addressed can result in distorted assessments that lose the focus on the child. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel use of the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder
Authors: Thanopoulos Basil (Vasilios) D. , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios J. , Tsaousis George S. , Eleftherakis Nicholas G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of a 12‐month‐old‐infant with double outlet right ventricle and pulmonary stenosis who presented with signs of superior vena cava syndrome secondary to a dysfunctioning bidirectional Glenn shunt. The patient was successfully treated with transcatheter obstruction of an accessory pulmonary blood flow using the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:234–237. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of outcomes after 8 vs. 9.5 French size intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation catheters based on 9,332 patients in the prospective Benchmark® registry
Authors: Cohen Marc , Ferguson James J. , Freedman Robert J. , Miller Michael F. , Reddy Ramachandra C. , Ohman E. Magnus , Stone Gregg W. , Christenson Jan , Joseph Debra L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Benchmark intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) registry maintains prospectively gathered clinical information on a large cohort of IABC patients. The purpose of the present report is to compare in‐hospital outcomes and complications in patients treated with the newer 8 vs. 9.5 Fr size catheters. Between January 1997 and August 2000, data on 7,078 9.5 Fr and 2,254 8 Fr IABC insertions were submitted to Benchmark. This was not a randomized comparison but rather a posthoc analysis of prospectively gathered data. There was less limb ischemia with the 8 Fr IABC size catheter. There were no significant differences in bleeding or mortality between the two groups. Smaller IABC catheter size is associated with significantly less limb ischemia, especially in higher‐risk patients. The large, population‐based, ongoing Benchmark registry provides a useful vehicle for outcomes research concerning the evolving practice of IABC. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:200–206. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary perforation as a potential complication derived from coronary thrombectomy with the X‐Sizer device
Authors: Sanmartín Marcelo , Goicolea Javier , Ruiz‐Salmerón Rafael , Mantilla Ramón , Sterling Juán , Meneses Daniel , Calvo Francisco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of coronary perforation after failed atherectomy with a 2 mm X‐Sizer catheter in recent totally occluded right coronary artery. The perforation was successfully managed with a polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered stent with satisfactory final angiographic results. Possible predictors of this complication with this new device are discussed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:378–382. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous interventions in patients with cocaine‐associated myocardial infarction: A case series and review
Authors: Sharma Arvind K. , Hamwi Shadi M. , Garg Nidhi , Castagna Marco T. , Suddath William , Ellahham Samer , Lindsay Joseph 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCocaine‐associated myocardial infarction (CAMI) is a well‐reported entity. Most previous reports on CAMI have been limited to conservative care utilizing benzodiazepines, aspirin, nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, and thrombolytics. Current guidelines on CAMI advocate immediate use of angiography and angioplasty if available rather than routine administration of thrombolytics. However, based on literature search from 1966 to 2001 (using keywords “cocaine,” “myocardial infarction,” and “angioplasty”), there have been only two case reports of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with cocaine‐associated myocardial infarction. Both were notable for complications either during or immediately after the procedure. We report a series of 10 patients with cocaine‐associated myocardial infarction who were treated with percutaneous interventions, which included angioplasty, stenting, and AngioJet mechanical extraction of thrombus. Despite the different arteriopathic process involved, our findings suggest that PCI can be performed safely and with a high degree of procedural success in patients with CAMI. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:346–352. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Less invasive PTCA of a gastroepiploic artery combining the transradial approach and 5 Fr guiding catheter: A case report
Authors: Sharma Gyarsi Lal , Louvard Yves , Tavolaro Oscar , Lefèvre Thierry , Loubeyre Christophe , Dumas Pierre , Morice Marie‐Claude 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe gastroepiploic artery has been successfully used as an arterial conduit in selected patients undergoing CABG with acceptable immediate and long‐term results. Myocardial ischemia may occur during the follow‐up period as a result of spasm, occlusion, or stenosis at the anastomosis site. Because of tortuosity and in order to avoid graft spasm and to obtain good extra backup support, we require low‐profile wide‐lumen guiding catheters for deep intubation and increased procedural success. In the case presented here, a gastroepiploic graft stenosis was treated by balloon angioplasty performed through a less invasive approach combining transradial access and use of 5 Fr guiding catheter. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:494–497. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombosis of a patent foramen ovale closure device: Thrombolytic management
Authors: Vanderheyden Marc , Willaert Willem , Claessens Philip , Branders Inge , Ex Paul , Vermeersch Paul 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTranscatheter closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) offers a valuable alternative to surgery in selected patients with presumed paradoxical embolism. Like for all other devices, several complications have been described. Although the majority of these complications are caused by technical problems of the device itself, thrombosis is a relatively infrequent but feared finding, as it may result in recurrent embolic events and persistent neurological deficits. The majority of the complications after implantation are dealt with by surgical removal of the device and subsequent surgical closure of the PFO. The present case report describes biatrial thrombosis of a PFO device that was successfully treated with thrombolytics and GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockers. In stable patients, this pharmaco‐therapeutic approach should be attempted to save the thrombosed PFO device and could therefore offer a valuable alternative to surgical removal of the device. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:522–526. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An equivalence relation between parallel calibration and principal component regression
Authors: Fugate Michael L. , Christensen Ronald , Hush Don , Scovel Clint 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMultivariate calibration and prediction, when there are few observations and many variables, is an important and unresolved problem in chemometrics. Recently a technique called paralle calibration was introduced as a new and easy to understand calibation method. In this paper we show that parallel calibration is equivalent to a form of principal component regression and to generalized inverse regression. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A theoretical study of the transmutation method for resolving and quantifying overlapped chromatographic bands
Authors: Malinowski Edmund R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecently, a new chemometric technique called ‘transmutation’ has been designed to convert overlapping chromatographic bands into narrow bands, sufficient for resolving and quantifying the components. The ‘transmutation function’ is generated from the chromatogram of the component of interest, recorded with the same instrument and experimental conditions used to record the unresolved chromatogram of the sample mixture. The original method was based on the assumption that the shapes of the overlapping chromatographic bands are proportionately congruent (i.e. exact same shapes but different intensities). This condition was fulfilled in the early study because the band overlap region was confined to a narrow time window. The present study represents a theoretical investigation of the effects of band broadening and extends the method to include chromatograms that violate the congruency requirement. The method is applicable to single‐detector as well as multiple‐detector systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolution of LC/1H NMR data applied to a three‐component mixture of polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Shen Hailin , Airiau Christian Y. , Brereton Richard G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA three‐component mixture of naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene with the middle peak embedded was recorded using LC/1H NMR. Two case‐studies, one with tailing peaks and one without, were analysed. A procedure was developed involving apodization, Fourier transformation, phasing and baseline correction of raw data, preprocessing by frequency shift and peak shape correction, variable selection, determination of key variables, eigenvalue plots to determine the number and position of components, and finally resolution using factor analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modeling of titration curves
Authors: Morales Daniel A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt has frequently been observed that the shapes of titration curves closely resemble those of inverse hyperbolic or trigonometric functions. Here we show that there exists not only a resemblance, but that, for simple titration reactions, we can derive expressions which represent the change in a solution property with the volume of titrant added, in terms of inverse hyperbolic or trigonometric functions. The general mathematical form of the expressions so obtained is then used to model these and other, more complicated titrations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric total synthesis of highly symmetric squalene‐derived cytotoxic polyethers
Authors: Morimoto Yoshiki , Kinoshita Takamasa , Iwai Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe efficient total synthesis of the cytotoxic meso polyether teurilene (1), rarely occurring in nature, was achieved through the effective combination of the concept of two‐directional synthesis and rhenium(VII) chemistry. In the key rhenium(VII)‐promoted syn oxidative cyclization reaction of the two‐directional substrate 16, trans‐syn diastereoselectivity (steric control) has been observed in contrast to our early observation of cis‐syn diastereoselectivities (chelation control) for bishomoallylic tertiary alcohols 24–27 possessing the neighboring tetrahydrofuran (THF) ring. This synthesis in only 10 steps from commercially available methyl tiglate is significantly shorter than the previous one requiring 25 steps. The total syntheses of four possible Cs symmetric (3 and 47–49) and one C2 symmetric (4) compounds for biogenetically squalene‐derived pentaTHF polyether, glabrescol, was also achieved in relatively few steps by taking advantage of its intrinsic symmetry and one‐ and two‐directional modes of double THF ring formations with vanadium catalyst, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Thus, the meso structure 3 originally proposed by Jacobs et al. has been revised to the optically pure C2 symmetric structure 4 through its enantioselective total synthesis. Chirality 14:578–586, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and structure of poly(binaphthyl salen manganese complex) and its application to asymmetric epoxidation
Authors: Maeda Takeshi , Furusho Yoshio , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPoly(binaphthyl salen manganese complex)es 3‐Mn were synthesized from a 3,3′‐diformylbinaphthol derivative, α,ω‐diamines, and Mn(OAc)2. Their helical structures were well‐supported by their IR, UV, and CD spectra. The catalysis of 3‐Mn in an asymmetric epoxidation was investigated. Chirality 14:587–590, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ligand distortion modes leading to increased chirality content of Katsuki‐Jacobsen catalysts
Authors: Lipkowitz Kenny B. , Schefzick Sabine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe “chirality content” of Katsuki‐Jacobsen epoxidation catalysts are computed with the Avnir continuous chirality measure (CCM). An assessment of Mn(salen) molecules from the Cambridge Structural Database shows there exist some variation in CCM and the chirality content for several triplet state complexes of these catalysts purported in the literature to be the active species show even larger CCM values. Several deformation modes were analyzed to examine how chirality content changes as catalyst distortion is induced. The deformations studied include in‐plane deformations, cup‐shaped puckering, ligand twisting motions, and step‐like deformations. Some distortions lead to increases of chirality while others lead to a decrease in chirality content. The most influential distortion modes that can be used for ligand design are twisting and step induction. Chirality 14:677–682, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation‐induced cavernous hemangiomas of the brain
Authors: Heckl Stefan , Aschoff Alfred , Kunze Stefan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe induction of cavernomas as a consequence of brain irradiation was first suspected in 1994 and has been controversial since that time.METHODSBetween 1986 and 2000, 189 cerebral cavernomas were diagnosed in the Neurosurgical Department of the University of Heidelberg; of those patients, 5 had received prior radiation therapy. The ages of these 5 patients were compared with those of the 184 others with naturally occuring cavernomas. In an examination of 40 patients with cavernomas occurring after radiation (the 5 mentioned above, plus 35 from the literature) the age distribution was investigated, and a possible relationship between radiation dosage and latency interval to diagnosis of cavernoma was examined.RESULTSAlmost one in four of the patients under 15 years of age diagnosed with a cerebral cavernoma in the Neurosurgical Department of the University of Heidelberg had received prior radiation. In 40 patients with cavernomas and prior radiation (5 from Heidelberg, 35 from the literature), there was a clear accumulation in the age group of 10–19 years (50%). Most of those patients had received radiation in the first 10 years of life. The accumulation of cavernomas after radiation in childhood could not be explained by a greater frequency of radiation exposure in children compared to adults. In children up to 10 years of age at the time of radiation therapy, a dose of 3000 cGy and higher was followed by a shorter latency interval to incidence of cavernoma (P = 0.0018). In patients older than 10 years at the time of radiation, postradiation cavernomas only occurred when dosage was 3000 cGy or greater.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate a correlation between radiation and cavernoma, particularly in children under 10 years of age at the time of radiation therapy. In adults, cavernomas after radiation rarely occur, and then only after higher radiation dosages (3000 cGy or more). Cancer 2002;94:3285–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10596