bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plotinus on the Structure of Self-Intellection
Authors: Crystal Ian 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that Plotinus offers us a new and interesting account of self-intellection. It is an account which is informed to some extent by a dilemma that Sextus Empiricus raised about the intellect being to apprehend itself. The significance of Sextus' dilemma is that it sets out the framework within which such a cognitive activity is to be dealt with, namely the intellect must apprehend itself qua part or qua whole, both of which according to him are impossible. Plotinus, I think, successfully gets around this dilemma and is able to explain how the intellect can think itself qua whole. In the process of doing so, he offers an account of self-intellection in which the thinking subject or thinker becomes active in terms of generating its intellectual content, namely itself; a move which is a break from the traditional Platonic/Aristotelian account of the intellect. The paper itself is set up as follows. I start by mentioning the dilemma which Sextus raises about self-intellection. Then I attempt, through an analysis of the noetic intellect's structure, to show how Plotinus is able to offer an account of self-intellection in terms of whole apprehending whole. I conclude with Plotinus' analysis of the light analogy as a means of explaining how this intellectual process works.
Post-embryonic growth of longidorid nematodes
Authors: Boag Brian , Yeates Gregor 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTo investigate changes in body size of Longidoridae during growth, we used published dimensions of stages to calculate volumes of the juvenile and adult stages of 33 species. A consistent increase in body volume between the juvenile stages was found with proportionally more growth occurring between the smaller stages. In species where three, rather than four, juvenile stages are present, the ultimate size of adults was correspondingly smaller. In the Heteroderidae, greatest growth occurs in later stages and this indicates different adaptations to plant parasitism. Analysis of further groups of free-living and parasitic nematodes is required to increase understanding of body growth and life histories, both within and between families.
Suppressive effects of composts against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato
Authors: Oka Yuji , Yermiyahu Uri 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSuppressive effects of two composts, from cattle manure and grape marc, on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica were tested in pot and in vitro experiments. No root galls were found on tomato roots grown in soils containing 10 or 25% (v/v) cattle manure compost, and very few on those grown in 50% grape marc compost. Significant reductions in galling index were also found on tomato plants grown in soils containing lower concentrations of this compost. Chemical analysis of the composts and leachates from the soils showed that the cattle manure compost had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and higher concentrations of nitrogen, especially N–NH4, than the grape marc compost. Water extract of the cattle manure compost showed high nematicidal activity to the nematode juveniles and less activity toward the eggs in vitro. Water extract of the grape marc compost showed weaker nematicidal activity to the juveniles and eggs. Washing composted soils with excess water before nematode inoculation and tomato planting led to better plant growth, but the nematode-suppressive effect was decreased. These results suggest that high nitrogen concentrations, especially N–NH4, and high EC values contribute to the nematode suppressiveness of the composts.
Development and pharyngeal gland activities of Heterodera schachtii infecting Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Authors: Tytgat Tom , Verreijdt Liesbeth , Claeys Myriam , Vanholme Bartel , De Meutter Jan , Coomans August , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAs plant-nematode research continues to use the model host plant Arabidopsis thaliana more and more, we made a detailed life cycle study of Heterodera schachtii on this host, and investigated pharyngeal gland activities at the most crucial steps during the establishment of the parasitic interaction. In our experimental set up, in most cases induction of syncytia occurred during day 2, and the second moult during day 6. In pre-parasitic juveniles, both subventral glands contained numerous secretory granules, which gradually disappeared during intracellular migration of the juvenile through the roots. At the same time, both glands decreased in size and, after induction of the feeding cell, new kinds of secretory granules could be observed in the cytoplasm. During migration and induction of the feeding cell, the dorsal pharyngeal gland continuously increased in size. Secretory granules were already present in the dorsal gland of pre-parasitic juveniles, and a continuous synthesis of these granules was observed thereafter. Once the syncytium was induced, however, different types of secretory granules were formed.
Effects of the biological nematicide, DiTera®, on movement and sensory responses of second stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis, and stylet activity of G. rostochiensis and fourth stage juveniles of Ditylenchus dipsaci
Authors: Perry Roland , Warrior Prem , Twomey Ursula , Rolfe Richard 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDiTera® (Valent BioSciences Corp.), a novel biological nematicide obtained from fermentation with a hyphomycete fungus, adversely affected activity and movement through sand columns of second stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis. Electrophysiological tests demonstrated that exposure to 1% DiTera® prevented sensory perception of potato root diffusate. Electropharyngeograms of stylet protractor muscle activity showed that prior exposure of fourth stage juveniles of Ditylenchus dipsaci and J2 of G. rostochiensis to 1% DiTera® significantly reduced stylet thrusting when nematodes were transferred to artificial tap water or 10 mM serotonin, respectively. The modes of action and the control potential of this biological nematicide are discussed.
Responses of Vietnamese Musa genotypes to Meloidogyne spp. under field conditions
Authors: Nguyet Duong Thi Minh , Nhi Ho Huu , Van Den Bergh Inge , Tuyet Nguyen Thi , De Waele Dirk 
Published: February 2003

AbstractEight Vietnamese Musa genotypes, belonging to the AA, AAA, ABB and BB genome groups, as well as FHIA-01 (AAAB), FHIA-02 (AAAA) and Yangambi Km 5 (AAA) were evaluated for their host-plant response to Meloidogyne spp. under field conditions. FHIA-01, Ngu Thoc (AA), Tay (ABB) and Com Lua (AAA) were found to be less susceptible to Meloidogyne spp. FHIA-01, Ben Tre (AAA) and Bom (AAA) were less sensitive to knot-forming activity of Meloidogyne spp. The population dynamics of the nematodes were also assessed. The number of juveniles recovered from the roots was strongly influenced by the weather. During the cool dry season, the numbers dropped drastically. The number of egg-laying females in the roots was much less influenced by environmental conditions. Their numbers did not increase during the cooler and dry season. No effects of the nematodes on plant growth were found. The number of nematodes in the roots was related to the physiological stage of the plants, with most nematodes present during flowering.
Use of a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema kraussei to control overwintering larvae of the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in outdoor strawberry plants
Authors: Edmondson Rodney , Richardson Paul , Willmott Deena , Hart Andrew , Long Steve 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe susceptibility of overwintering black vine weevil larvae Otiorhynchus sulcatus to a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema kraussei (isolate L137) and a commercial proprietary biopesticide, Steinernema carpocapsae (Exhibit) was assessed on outdoor potted strawberry plants. Nematodes were applied at a range of doses in early winter at a field site located in Warwickshire, England. Three months later, infestation and mortality of vine weevils were assessed. There was a clear dose response observed for S. kraussei applications. Up to 81% of vine weevil control was recorded by this nematode at the highest dose of 60 000 nematodes per pot, whereas treatments with S. carpocapsae caused no significant mortality at the dose rates used. Dissection of vine weevil larvae showed infective juveniles had developed to adults within the host. Recovery of nematodes at the end of the experiment indicated that S. kraussei (L137) was able to survive winter field conditions including prolonged exposure to low temperatures (averaging 2.7°C during the experiment) in contrast to S. carpocapsae which showed poor survival. Of the two extraction methods used, the Baermann funnel technique was found to be more efficient than Galleria mellonella baiting, with up to 44% of the original highest dose of S. kraussei nematodes being recovered by Baermann funnel compared to 8% with G. mellonella at 18°C. These results suggest S. kraussei (L137) has potential as a commercial biocontrol agent against O. sulcatus at low temperatures.
Description of Caenorhabditis japonica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida) associated with the burrower bug Parastrachia japonensis (Heteroptera: Cydnidae) in Japan
Authors: Hironaka Mantaro , Kiontke Karin , Sudhaus Walter 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCaenorhabditis japonica n. sp. is described from Parastrachia japonensis from Japan. The species is closely related to species of the Caenorhabditis elegans group and shares many characters with them. It differs from these species in having blunt spicule tips of complex shape and in lacking a terminal notch in the bursa velum. Caenorhabditis japonica n. sp. is further characterised by an anterior end with the lips fused in pairs, long and pointed stegostomal teeth, long fringes on the anterior bursa margin and the form of the genital papillae (GP4 reduced). The species is integrated into the phylogenetic tree of Caenorhabditis. Some resulting consequences for character evolution within Caenorhabditis are discussed. Caenorhabditis japonica n. sp. is associated with a burrower bug, thereby adding a new component to the diverse ecology of Caenorhabditis species.
The extent to which nematode communities are affected by soil factors-a pot experiment
Authors: Bengough A. Glyn , Neilson Roy , Griffiths Bryan , Trudgill David 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFour similar, agricultural soils with distinct nematode communities were used to determine the extent to which soil and inoculum factors affected nematode community structure. The soils all had a sandy loam texture from the same geographical area and had been in pasture or arable rotation for the last 10 years. Treatments were established in pots containing a middle layer of frozen defaunated soil, sandwiched between an inoculum that was either fresh soil from the same site ('self') or a mixture of soils to give a more diverse inoculum ('mixed'). Principal component analysis indicated that a single soil type given different inocula developed different community structures (i.e., the community under 'self' differed from that under 'mixed') suggesting an inoculum effect. It was also true that different soil types under a single inoculum soil also developed different community structures (i.e., community under 'mixed' differed with soil type), suggesting a soil effect. It is likely that the nematode community structure is influenced by a combination of antecedent land use, soil factors, species introductions and inter-species competition, which should be considered in any interpretation of nematode communities as a biotic indicator.
The cellular structure of the female reproductive system within the Heteroderinae and Meloidogyninae (Nematoda)
Authors: Geraert Etienne , Van Driessche Rita , Karssen Gerrit , Bert Wim 
Published: February 2003

AbstractGonads from living young females, representing 23 different species, were extracted to study the cellular structure of the female genital structure within the Meloidogyninae and Heteroderinae. All genera studied can be characterised by their cellular spermatheca morphology. Within Meloidogyne a spherical spermatheca is found with lobe-like protruding cells, most species having 16 to 18 spermatheca cells with interlaced cell boundaries while M. microtyla and M. ichinohei have more spermatheca cells with different cell boundaries. Heterodera and Globodera reveal a comparable gonad structure. The spermatheca cells of Heterodera are columnar and arranged in a restricted number of rows, whereas in Globodera the spermatheca cells are squarish to rounded, depending on the species. The gonad morphology of Afenestrata koreana is clearly different from what would be expected based on the related genera Globodera and Heterodera. The apparently simplest genital system was found in Meloidodera floridensis where the uterus has a limited number of cells. In the other genera studied a large and variable cell number was found.
Susceptibility of cabbage root fly Delia radicum, in potted cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) to isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.) indigenous to the UK
Authors: Chandler David , Hart Andrew , Richardson Paul , Long Steve , Willmott Deena 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe susceptibility of larvae of the cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) to ten isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes was examined in a glasshouse experiment using cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) as the host plant. Steinernema affine Horticulture Research International (HRI) code 179 provided the highest level of control, killing approximately 46% of the cabbage root fly within 28 days. Two Heterorhabditis isolates (HRI code K122 and UK211) and Steinernema E1 and F1 (HRI code 194 and GWE63) did not give any significant control. In a second experiment, S. affine was applied against cabbage root fly larvae at 8000 to 64 000 nematodes per pot, and its performance was compared to identical dose applications of Nemasys®, a commercial formulation of S. feltiae. Averaged over the four dose rates, S. affine controlled significantly more cabbage root fly (36%) than Nemasys® (10.4%).
Bursaphelenchus rainulfi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), first record of the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 from Malaysia
Authors: Braasch Helen , Burgermeister Wolfgang 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWood samples were taken from pine tree plantations in different regions of Malaysia and investigated for the occurrence of Bursaphelenchus species. Among 13 samples collected from damaged or dead pines in West Malaysia (near Kuala Lumpur) and Sabah (Kinabalu National Park and Sepilok), only one sample of a dead Pinus caribaea tree with bark beetle attack from a plantation near Kuala Lumpur revealed the presence of a new species of Bursaphelenchus. Bursaphelenchus rainulfi sp. n. is characterised by a relatively small stylet lacking distinct basal knobs but with slight basal swellings, lateral field with two lines, female with a small vulval flap, postuterine branch occupying about 33-50% of vulva-anus distance, female tail slim, conoid, with a finely rounded, ventrally bent terminus, male spicules relatively small with high condylus, distinct rostrum but no cucullus, and a small terminal 'bursa' on the male tail. It is similar to B. hellenicus, B. hylobianum and B.abietinus in the shape of the spicules and the female tail as well as in the presence of only two lines in the lateral field. It is distinguished by a number of characters including spicule size, shape of the 'bursa', female tail shape and excretory pore position. Bursaphelenchus rainulfi sp. n. is further distinguished from these morphologically similar species by molecular studies using the ITS-RFLP technique.
Importance of Minimal Residual Disease Testing During the Second Year of Therapy for Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Marshall Glenn M. , Haber Michelle , Kwan Edward , Zhu Ling , Ferrara Daniella , Xue Chengyuan , Brisco Michael J. , Sykes Pamela J. , Morley Alexander , Webster Boyd , Dalla Pozza Luciano , Waters Keith , Norris Murray D. 
Published: February 2003

Purpose: A high level of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an indicator of relative chemotherapy resistance and a risk factor for relapse. However, the significance of MRD in the second year of therapy is unclear. Moreover, it is unknown whether treatment intervention can alter outcome in patients with detectable MRD. Patients and Methods: We assessed the prognostic value of MRD testing in bone marrow samples from 85 children at 1, 12, and 24 months from diagnosis using clone-specific polymerase chain reaction primers designed to detect clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangements. These children were part of a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, which, in the second year of treatment, compared a 2-month reinduction-reintensification followed by maintenance chemotherapy with standard maintenance chemotherapy alone. Results: MRD was detected in 69% of patients at 1 month, 25% at 12 months, and 28% at 24 months from diagnosis. By univariate analysis, high levels of MRD at 1 month, or the presence of any detectable MRD at 12 or 24 months from diagnosis, were highly predictive of relapse. Multivariate analysis showed that MRD testing at 1 and 24 months each had independent prognostic significance. Intensified therapy at 12 months from diagnosis did not improve prognosis in those patients who were MRD positive at 12 months from diagnosis. Conclusion: Clinical outcome in childhood ALL can be predicted with high accuracy by combining the results of MRD testing at 1 and 24 months from diagnosis.
Prediction of the wear profile of a roll groove in rod rolling using an incremental form of wear model
Authors: Kim D H , Lee Y , Yoo S J , Choo W Y , Kim B M 
Published: February 2003

A model for predicting the wear profile of the ductile cast iron roll during rod (or bar) rolling is proposed using Archard's wear equation. Archard's wear equation was reformulated as an incremental form and the hardness of the roll was expressed as a function of rolling time under a high temperature. The wear profile of the roll is calculated at each deformation step by consideration of relative sliding velocity and normal roll pressure at contact area. The coefficients required in the proposed wear model have been obtained using the high-temperature wear tester of pin-on-disc type. A three-dimensional finite element analysis coupled with the proposed wear model has been carried out for the oval-round pass rolling sequence widely used in present continuous rod (or bar) rolling mills. To describe the deformation behaviour of material at the roll/material interface better, a contact-searching algorithm that can be applied efficiently to the finite element mesh was also suggested. The results showed that, for an oval groove, the maximum wear occurs at the centre part of the roll and, for a round groove, at the shoulder area of the roll. The wear profiles moves to the spread direction of workpiece (i.e. roll axis direction) as well as the direction of roll centre as the production (tonnage) increases. The proposed wear model might be used for adjusting the gap (pass height) of rolls to set up a suitable rolling schedule for keeping dimensional tolerance of the product and avoid catastrophic failure of rolls after rolling a characteristic tonnage.
Simple Preparation Method of Isolated Iron (III) Species on Silica Surface
Authors: Yamada Yusuke , Ichihashi Yuichi , Ando Hisanori , Ueda Atsushi , Shioyama Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tetsuhiko 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
The preparation of Fe/SiO2 by impregnation with an acetonitrile solution of [FeIII(acac)3] promotes the isolation of Fe3+ ion on a silica surface when the ratio of Fe/Si is smaller than 0.1/100. The tetrahedral coordination of the Fe3+ was confirmed by X-ray absorption and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopies. The isolated Fe3+ promotes the partial methane oxidation catalysis of the Fe/SiO2.
Synthesis of Silver Selenide Dendritic Crystals via Glycothermal Route
Authors: Shen Guozhen , Chen Di , Tang Kaibin , Jiang Xuan , Qian Yitai 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
A novel glycothermal route has been developed to the growth of dendritic crystals of silver selenide with pyramid-like leaf-tips in the millimeter-scale size. Studies found that the solvent and reaction time have great influence on the final products.
Lectin-mediated Supramolecular Junctions of Galactose-derivatized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori , Hayashi Kentaro , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
β-Galactoside-modified single-walled carbon nanotube (Gal-SWNT) is newly synthesized. Its solubility in water is increased by adsorption of lection molecules on the sidewalls and supramolecular junctions are formed in the presence of galactose-specific lectins.
Fluorination Effect of the Peripheral Chains on the Mesomorphic Properties in Discotic Liquid Crystals of Hexasubstituted Triphenylene
Authors: Terasawa Naohiro , Monobe Hirosato , Kiyohara Kenji , Shimizu Yo 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Two homologues of novel triphenylene mesogens possessing –O(CH2)3CF3 (F1) and –O(CH2)3(CF2)5CF3 (F6) were synthesized and investigated on the mesomorphic behavior to reveal that these show a hexagonal columnar (Colh) mesophase. The mesomorphic behavior is obviously different from those of the corresponding hydrocarbon homologues, –O(CH2)3CH3 (C1) and –O(CH2)8CH3 (C6). Interestingly, it was found that F1 shows a disordered Colh phase, though C1 forms only a plastic hexagonal columnar (Colhp) mesophase.
Construction of Photosynthetic Antenna Complex Using Light-harvesting Polypeptide-α from Photosynthetic Bacteria, R. rubrum with Zinc Substituted Bacteriochlorophyll a
Authors: Nagata Morio , Nango Mamoru , Kashiwada Ayumi , Yamada Shuhei , Ito Seiji , Sawa Naoko , Ogawa Makiko , Iida Kouji , Kurono Yukihisa , Ohtsuka Toshiaki 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
The light-harvesting (LH)-α polypeptide isolated from R. rubrum only organized zinc bacteriochlorophyll a (Zn-BChl a) complex in n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (OG) micelle, analogous to the LH1-type complex of photosynthetic bacteria.
Measurement of Complexation Rate of Palladium(II) with Pyridylazo Ligand at the Heptane- Water Interface by Centrifugal Liquid Membrane-resonance Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy
Authors: Ohashi Akira , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
The complexation kinetics of palladium(II) with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) at the heptane-water interface was investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy combined with a centrifugal liquid membrane method. It was demonstrated that this method was advantageous for the kinetic studies of complex formation proceeding at the liquid-liquid interface.
The First Examples of Stable Benzenes Fused with Two Three-membered Rings: Synthesis and Structures of the Two Stereoisomers of Bis(silacyclopropa)benzenes
Authors: Tajima Tomoyuki , Hatano Ken , Sasaki Takayo , Sasamori Takahiro , Takeda Nobuhiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Two stereoisomers of the first stable bis(silacyclopropa)benzenes (1a, 1b) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of Tbt(Dip)SiLi2 (3) [Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl] with 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene. The molecular structures of 1a and 1b were discussed on the basis of the X-ray structural analyses.
A Facile and Convenient Three-component Coupling Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrano and Furoquinolines
Authors: Ravindranath N , Ramesh C , Reddy M Ravinder , Das Biswanath 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzes efficiently the coupling of anilines, benzaldehydes and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 2,3-dihydrofuran to form the corresponding pyrano or furoquinolines in short reaction times and in high yields.