bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐expression pattern of SLC transporter genes associated with the immune landscape and clinical outcomes in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Zhihong , Li Lingbo , Zeng Dongqiang , Sun Huiying , Wu Jianhua , Zhou Rui , Liao Wangjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolute carrier (SLC) transporters play a dual role in the occurrence and progression of tumours by acting as both suppressors and promoters. However, the overall impact of SLC transcriptome signatures on the tumour microenvironment, biological behaviour and clinical stratification of gastric cancer has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we comprehensively analysed the expression profiles of the SLC transporter family members to identify novel molecular subtypes in gastric cancer. We identified two distinct SLC subtypes, SLC‐S1 and SLC‐S2, using non‐negative matrix factorization. These subtypes were markedly linked with the tumour microenvironment landscape, biological pathway activation and distinct clinical features of gastric cancer. Furthermore, a new scoring model, the SLC score, was developed to quantify the SLC subtypes. High SLC scores indicated a pattern of ‘SLC‐S2’, characterized by stromal infiltration and activation, poor prognosis and insensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, but high sensitivity to imatinib. The SLC score could serve as a supplement to the Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system to guide personalized treatment strategies and predict prognosis for patients with gastric cancer.
KIRREL promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and angiogenesis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Shuo , Wang Ziliang , Li Siyu , Fei Xichang , Wang Tong , Zhang Mingjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnti‐angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy for delaying tumour progression that offers, new hope for gastric cancer targeted therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the precise mechanism by which Kin of IRRE‐like protein 1 (KIRREL) contributes to the development of gastric cancer, particularly in terms of tumour angiogenesis. Differential expression of KIRREL in tissues and cells was detected using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to screen for the function and pathway enrichment of KIRREL in gastric cancer. Lentivirus‐induced KIRREL silencing in SNU‐5 cells and lentivirus‐induced KIRREL overexpression in AGS cells were used to study the effect of KIRREL on the proliferation, cell cycle and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, the expressions of PI3K, P‐PI3K, AKT, P‐AKT, mTOR, P‐mTOR, HIF‐1α and VEGF were also detected. Gastric cancer tissues and cells had high levels of KIRREL expression, which is associated with the proliferation, cell cycle and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. After silencing and overexpressing KIRREL in SNU‐5 and AGS cells, respectively, the proliferation and angiogenesis of SNU‐5 cells were inhibited, while the proliferation and angiogenesis of AGS cells were promoted. According to a bioinformatics analysis of the KIRREL gene, angiogenesis regulation and the PI3K/AKT pathway were highly connected. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was repressed and stimulated by KIRREL silencing and overexpression, respectively. IGF‐1, an AKT agonist, and LY294002, an inhibitor, reversed the effects of KIRREL silencing and overexpression on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and on gastric cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis. KIRREL may mediate the proliferation and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. These findings could help in the further development of potential anti‐angiogenesis targets.
A comparison of the cost effectiveness of property‐level adaptation and community‐scale flood defences in reducing flood risk
Authors: Rehan Balqis M. , Hall Jim W. , Penning‐Rowsell Edmund C. , Tan Vance Zong Hao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdaptations to flood‐proof individual properties (referred to here as property‐level adaptation, PLA) provide a potential means of reducing flood risk at isolated properties, whilst conventional community‐scale flood protection (CSFP) is usually more economical in protecting high‐density urban spaces. This paper develops a risk‐based framework to identify the tipping point when PLA measures become more cost‐beneficial when compared to CSFP in different urban densities. The framework was demonstrated using a hypothetical case study based on a residential area in Teddington, London. Sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the building densities in the urban space. Results show that PLA can have a role to supplement CSFP even in dense urban areas if the CSFP standard of protection is low. However, adding some element of CSFP to PLA can be more cost‐effective than implementing a single higher protection standard of PLA. Given the unique flood risk condition of most urban spaces, and the sensitivity of cost‐effectiveness of flood adaptation measures such as those demonstrated in this work, this approach can provide additional information to assist decisions in finding a sensible portfolio of measures that match that risk condition.
Nutritional risk predicts postoperative complications and length of stay, whereas sarcopenia risk predicts need for step‐down care in a mixed elective surgery population
Authors: Power Siobhán , Maarof Asryaf , Power Aoibheann , Feehan Sinéad , Whelan Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition and poor functional reserves place patients at risk for negative surgical outcomes. In this prospective study we aimed to measure preoperative nutritional and sarcopenia risk and evaluate their impact on postoperative outcomes.MethodsAdults scheduled to undergo elective general and gastrointestinal surgery were screened for nutrition risk using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool screening tool. Sarcopenia risk was measured using the SARC‐F tool and hand‐grip strength. Patients were followed postoperatively. Incidence of complications, length of stay (LOS), readmission rates, and need for step‐down care were recorded.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐two patients were included. Mean age was 53.8 years (standard deviation [SD] 16.44). Sixty‐six (54%) were scheduled for day‐case procedures, and 56 (46%) for nonday‐case procedures. About 18.9% (n = 23) were at nutritional risk preoperatively. Ten patients (8.2%) had probable sarcopenia based on SARC‐F, whereas seven (5.7%) had measurably reduced HG. Incidence of postoperative complications was 23.8% (n = 29). Nutrition risk was associated with the development of complications (p = 0.018). In the nonday‐case group, nutritional risk was associated with greater LOS (p = 0.013). Older age was associated with need for step‐down care (p = 0.002) as was SARC‐F (p = 0.003).ConclusionsPreoperative nutritional screening can predict postoperative complications and LOS, whereas sarcopenia screening is predictive of the need for step‐down care after discharge. Screening tools are quick and inexpensive and could provide valuable information to clinicians and allow patients the opportunity to enhance their physical preparedness for surgery thereby mitigating their risk for negative surgical outcomes.
Radiofrequency and pulsed electromagnetic field application following liposuction—Clinical evaluation of performance and safety
Authors: Kaye Kai O. , Paprottka Felix , Moellhoff Nicholas , Fertsch Sonia , Frank Konstantin , Casabona Gabriela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveWith more than 1.5 million performed procedures, liposuction was the second most performed esthetic surgical procedure all over the world in males and in females in the year 2020. The objective of this open‐label, evaluator‐blinded study was to assess the efficacy and safety of an energy‐based device that combines multipolar radiofrequency with pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in patients that underwent liposuction.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 subjects, of whom 24 were females (80%), with a mean age of 48.4 ± 11.0 years (range: 27–69 years) and a mean weight of 69.5 ± 11.7 kg underwent unilateral treatment with radiofrequency and application of PEMF after bilateral liposuction. One month after the last of a total of six weekly treatments, skin elasticity, visco‐elasticity and net elasticity, as well as subject reported satisfaction on a 5‐point scale ranging from −1 (worse) to 3 (very much improved) and esthetic improvement ranging from 0 (very unsatisfied) to 4 (very satisfied) rated by three independent reviewers were assessed.ResultsThree independent and blinded reviewers rated the improvement of the treated side on average as 1.17 + 0.07 compared with baseline. Subjects were very satisfied with their treatment, with a mean score of 3.24 (0.03) out of 4 at the 1‐month follow‐up visit. Cutometer measurements showed no significant changes.ConclusionThis study revealed that the subjective satisfaction with the results of the application of RF and PEMF after liposuction is high, while at the same time the esthetic appearance as rated by independent raters improved on the treated side.
Viral specific T cell therapy in kidney transplant recipients – A single‐center experience
Authors: Anand Manish , Nysather Jake , McGraw Gregory , Apewokin Senu , Khoury Ruby , Grimley Michael S , Bumb Shalini , Govil Amit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundViral infections such as adenovirus (ADV), BK virus (BKV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) after kidney transplantation negatively impact outcomes in transplant recipients despite advancements in screening and antiviral therapy. We describe our experience of using the virus‐specific T cell therapy (VSTs) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) at our transplant center.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single center review of KTR with ADV, BKV and CMV infections between June 2021 and December 2022. These patients received third party VSTs as part of the management of infections. The immunosuppression, details of infection and outcome data were obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsTwo cases of ADV infection resolved after one infusion of VSTs. The response rate of BKV and CMV infection was not as robust with close to 50% reduction in median viral load after VSTs. Out of 23 patients, two patients developed chronic allograft nephropathy from membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and acute rejection.ConclusionPatients that are resistant to antivirals or who have worsening viremia despite conventional management may benefit from VSTs therapy to treat underlying viral infection. Additional studies are needed to ascertain efficacy and short‐ and long‐term risks secondary to VSTs.
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How I approach diarrhea in hematological transplant patients: A practical tool
Authors: Castillo Almeida Natalia E. , Cichon Catherine J. , Gomez Carlos A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiarrhea in hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a multifactorial challenge that demands a nuanced diagnostic approach. The causes of infectious diarrhea in HSCT recipients are diverse and influenced by patient‐specific risk factors, the post‐transplant timeline, and local epidemiology. During the past decade, our understanding of diarrhea in HSCT has witnessed a transformative shift through the incorporation of gastrointestinal (GI) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels. However, the judicious application of these panels is imperative to avoid overtesting and prevent adverse outcomes. The challenge lies in distinguishing between the diverse causes of diarrhea, ascertaining the clinical significance of detected pathogens, and navigating the diagnostic uncertainty presented by several non‐infectious conditions such as mucositis, intestinal dysbiosis, and acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD), all of which mimic infection. This review examines the landscape of infectious diarrhea in the HSCT population, encompassing both established (e.g., Cytomegalovirus, Clostridioides difficile, and norovirus) and emerging pathogens (e.g., sapoviruses, astroviruses). We propose a multifaceted diagnostic algorithm that combines clinical assessment, risk stratification, and tailored utilization of molecular platforms. While multiplex GI panels present invaluable opportunities for rapid and comprehensive pathogen detection, their judicious use is pivotal in preserving diagnostic stewardship. Customization of diagnostic algorithms tailored to local epidemiology ensures optimal patient care and resource utilization.
Uncertainty and the effectiveness of fiscal policy in the United States and Brazil: SVAR approach
Authors: Rodrigues Eduardo de Sá Fortes Leitão 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article analyses the interference of uncertainty on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. This issue is investigated through the lens of a Structural Vector Auto Regressive (SVAR) model for the United States and Brazil. Imposing government spending shocks, the models highlight a positive effect on economic activity. The results suggest Keynesian effects on consumption and GDP. To assess the effects of uncertainty, the models use two indices: the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPU) and the World Uncertainty Index (WUI). The findings indicate that the fiscal effects are considerably less intense when uncertainty reaches high levels, consistent with the Real Options approach. The results suggest that agents are more cautious when the high‐uncertainty overshadows the outline of the economic scenario. In this sense, uncertainty disturbs agents' decisions and decreases consumption, investment and economic activity.
Functional potential and evolutionary response to long-term heat selection of bacterial associates of coral photosymbionts
Authors: Maire Justin , Philip Gayle K. , Livingston Jadzia , Judd Louise M. , Blackall Linda L. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Corals rely on a wide range of microorganisms for their functioning, including intracellular dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae) and bacteria. Marine heatwaves trigger the loss of Symbiodiniaceae from coral tissues–coral bleaching–often leading to death. While coral-bacteria interactions are widely studied, Symbiodiniaceae-bacteria interactions have remained largely uninvestigated. Here, we provide a genomic analysis of 49 bacteria, spanning 16 genera, that are closely associated with six cultured Symbiodiniaceae species. We analyzed bacterial functional potential by focusing on potentially beneficial functions for the Symbiodiniaceae host, including B vitamin synthesis and antioxidant abilities, which may be crucial for Symbiodiniaceae heat tolerance and, in turn, coral resistance to thermal bleaching. These analyses suggest a wide potential for B vitamin synthesis and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (through the production of carotenoids or antioxidant enzymes), and possibly the transfer of organic carbon to host cells. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis between bacteria isolated from wild-type and heat-evolved Symbiodiniaceae cultures revealed that exposure to long-term elevated temperature has resulted in mutations in genes known to be involved in host-symbiont interactions, such as secretion systems. Climate change may therefore modify how Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria interact. This study provides an overview of the possible roles of Symbiodiniaceae-associated bacteria in Symbiodiniaceae functioning and heat tolerance, reinforcing the need for further studies of such interactions to fully understand coral biology and climate resilience.

IMPORTANCE
Symbiotic microorganisms are crucial for the survival of corals and their resistance to coral bleaching in the face of climate change. However, the impact of microbe-microbe interactions on coral functioning is mostly unknown but could be essential factors for coral adaption to future climates. Here, we investigated interactions between cultured dinoflagellates of the Symbiodiniaceae family, essential photosymbionts of corals, and associated bacteria. By assessing the genomic potential of 49 bacteria, we found that they are likely beneficial for Symbiodiniaceae, through the production of B vitamins and antioxidants. Additionally, bacterial genes involved in host-symbiont interactions, such as secretion systems, accumulated mutations following long-term exposure to heat, suggesting symbiotic interactions may change under climate change. This highlights the importance of microbe-microbe interactions in coral functioning.
Different lanthanide elements induce strong gene expression changes in a lanthanide-accumulating methylotroph
Authors: Gorniak Linda , Bechwar Julia , Westermann Martin , Steiniger Frank , Wegner Carl-Eric 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTLanthanides (Ln) are the most recently described life metals and are central to methylotrophy (type of metabolism in which organic substrates without carbon-carbon bonds serve as carbon and energy source) in diverse taxa. We recently characterized a novel, Ln-dependent, and Ln-accumulating methylotroph, Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1, which requires lighter Ln (La, Ce, Nd) for methanol oxidation. Starting from two sets of incubations, one with different La concentrations (50 nM and 1 µM) and one with different Ln elements [La, Nd, or an Ln cocktail (containing Ce, Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb)], we could show that La concentration and different Ln elements strongly affect gene expression and intracellular Ln accumulation. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that up to 41% of the encoded genes were differentially expressed. The effects of La concentration and Ln elements were not limited to Ln-dependent methanol oxidation but reached into many aspects of metabolism. We observed that Ln influence the flagellar and chemotactic machinery and that they affect polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. The most differentially expressed genes includedlanM, coding for the well-characterized lanthanide-binding protein lanmodulin, and a glucose dehydrogenase gene linked to the conversion of β-D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone, a known potential metal chelator. Electron microscopy, together with RNAseq, suggested that Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1 can discriminate between Ln elements and that they are differently taken up and accumulated. The discrimination of Ln and links between Ln and various aspects of metabolism underline a broader physiological role for Ln in Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1.IMPORTANCESince its discovery, Ln-dependent metabolism in bacteria attracted a lot of attention due to its bio-metallurgical application potential regarding Ln recycling and circular economy. The physiological role of Ln is mostly studied dependent on presence and absence. Comparisons of how different (utilizable) Ln affect metabolism have rarely been done. We noticed unexpectedly pronounced changes in gene expression caused by different Ln supplementation. Our research suggests that strain RH AL1 distinguishes different Ln elements and that the effect of Ln reaches into many aspects of metabolism, for instance, chemotaxis, motility, and polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism. Our findings regarding Ln accumulation suggest a distinction between individual Ln elements and provide insights relating to intracellular Ln homeostasis. Understanding comprehensively how microbes distinguish and handle different Ln elements is key for turning knowledge into application regarding Ln-centered biometallurgy.
First report of environmental
bla
PAC-1
-carrying
Aeromonas enteropelogenes
Authors: Zhong Yang , Guo Siyao , Thong Shuhua , Schlundt Joergen , Kwa Andrea L. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

The
bla
PAC-1
has been reported in Central Asia and Europe countries like Afghanistan and France in
Aeromonas caviae
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains from animals and patients, respectively. However, there is no record of
bla
PAC-1
-carrying strain from the natural environment, and
bla
PAC-1
-carrying
Aeromonas
has not been reported in the Asia Pacific. Here, we report the first known enviromental
bla
PAC-1
-carrying
Aeromonas enteropelogenes
in the world from reservoir water in Singapore. We have performed a comprehensive genetic environment alignment and comparison of
bla
PAC-1
between our strain and other strains from different countries and sources and found the
bla
PAC-1
located on a highly conserved gene cluster. We suggest that environmental
Aeromonas
strains may act as a hidden reservoir involved in the circulating of
bla
PAC-1
. The finding of conserved
bla
PAC-1
cluster also suggested the existence of multiple transmission pathways of
bla
PAC-1
in the Asia-Pacific region, involving multiple sources and different species.
3-Bridgeness under adding crossings to alternating 3-bridge knots in a 3-bridge representation
Authors: Kwon Bo-Hyun , Kang Sungmo 
Published: November 2023

In [B. Kwon and S. Kang, Rectangle conditions and families of 3-bridge prime knots, Topol. Appl. 291 (2021) 107453], using the set [Formula: see text] of all essential alternating rational 3-tangles for positive integer [Formula: see text], the authors showed that all knot diagrams in the numerator closure set [Formula: see text] and the denominator closure set [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] are 3-bridge prime knot diagrams. In this paper, for [Formula: see text] we construct a set [Formula: see text] of additions of alternating rational tangles in [Formula: see text]. The set [Formula: see text] generalizes [Formula: see text] and contains it as a subset for some [Formula: see text]. We show that any closure set [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] so that the resulting diagrams are reduced and alternating knot diagrams represent alternating 3-bridge prime knot diagrams. Since a tangle diagram in [Formula: see text] is constructed inductively from a tangle diagram in [Formula: see text] by adding only one crossing positively, the result of this paper supports the conjecture that 3-bridge property is preserved under one-crossing alternating addition positively to alternating 3-bridge knots in 3-bridge representations.
Molecular Mechanism of Fasting-Mimicking Diet in Inhibiting Colorectal Cancer Progression: Implications for Immune Therapy and Metabolic Regulation
Authors: Bush Clancy O. , Perry Rachel J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, fasting-mimicking diet and caloric restriction have been shown to improve antitumor immunity. In this issue of Cancer Research, Zhong and colleagues provide insights into the molecular mechanism of fasting-mimicking diet–mediated metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer progression. The authors performed comprehensive mechanistic experiments in mouse models to show that fasting-mimicking diet prevents colorectal cancer progression by lowering intratumoral IgA+ B cells by accelerating fatty acid oxidation to inhibit B-cell IgA class switching. In addition, they found that fatty acid oxidation–dependent acetylation prevents IgA class switching and that IgA+ B cells interfere with the anticancer effects of fasting-mimicking diet in colorectal cancer. Overall, their study establishes that fasting-mimicking diet has the potential to activate anticancer immunity and to induce tumor regression in colorectal cancer.See related article by Zhong et al., p. 3529