bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical and Clinical Evaluation of a Modified 3‐Loop Pulley Suture Pattern for Reattachment of Canine Tendons to Bone
Authors: Moores Andy P. , Comerford Eithne J. , Tarlton John F. , Owen Martin R. 
Published: July 2004

Objective— To describe a modified 3‐loop pulley suture pattern for the reattachment of canine tendons to bone along with a biomechanical comparison with the locking‐loop suture.Study Design— In vitro biomechanical study and clinical case report.Animals or Sample Population— Biomechanical study: 10 paired gastrocnemius tendons and calcaneii harvested from 5 canine cadavers. Case report: a Doberman with avulsion of the gastrocnemius tendon of insertion.Methods— Biomechanical study: paired tendons were reattached to the calcaneus with either a modified 3‐loop pulley pattern or a locking‐loop pattern. Tensile loading to failure was performed. A direct, non‐contact, method of gap measurement, using digital video, was used to measure gap formation. Load required to initiate gap formation (defined as load at a 1 mm gap) and to produce a 3 mm gap was evaluated in addition to maximum load and gap at failure.Results— Mean (±SEM) 1 mm gap loads were 31.0±4.2 and 17.2±2.5 N, mean 3 mm gap loads were 49.1±2.4 and 28.9±3.2 N, and mean maximum loads were 72.9±4.3 and 55.8±2.2 N for the modified 3‐loop pulley suture and the locking‐loop suture, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (P<.05). The gap at failure was similar for both repairs. The clinical case remained sound 7 months postoperatively.Conclusions— A modified 3‐loop pulley pattern is biomechanically superior to a locking‐loop pattern for reattachment of the canine gastrocnemius tendon to bone and may be suitable for clinical use.Clinical Relevance— Tendon repairs with a gap >3 mm are reported to be at increased risk of rupture during the first 6 weeks postoperatively. A modified 3‐loop pulley pattern resists gap formation better than a locking‐loop pattern.
Performance after Partial Arytenoidectomy without Mucosal Closure in 27 Thoroughbred Racehorses
Authors: Barnes Amy J. , Slone Donnie E. , Lynch Tim M. 
Published: July 2004

Objective—To examine the effect of partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure on postoperative racing performance and long‐term complications in Thoroughbred racehorses treated for laryngeal hemiplegia, arytenoid chondropathy, or failed laryngoplasty.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Twenty‐seven Thoroughbred racehorses.Methods—Medical records of Thoroughbred racehorses that had partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. Horses were divided into groups: horses that had not raced (Group 1) and those that had raced (Group 2) before surgery. Lifetime race records were compared between groups. A standard starts index (SSI) and performance index (PI) were used for Groups 1 and 2, respectively, to objectively evaluate each horse's postoperative performance. Telephone interviews of owners and trainers were used for subjective performance evaluation and to determine prevalence of long‐term complications.Results—Eleven (61%) Group 1 and 7 (78%) Group 2 horses raced and earned money after surgery. All Group 1 horses that raced performed at a level lower than the national average. Only 1 Group 2 horse had an improved PI score postoperatively.Conclusions—Thoroughbred racehorses have a fair prognosis for racing successfully after partial arytenoidectomy without mucosal closure.Clinical Relevance—This technique may be a practical alternative to primary mucosal closure, would decrease surgical time, and avoid some problems reported with primary mucosal closure.
In Vitro Efficacy of a Polyhexamethylene Biguanide‐Impregnated Gauze Dressing Against Bacteria Found in Veterinary Patients
Authors: Lee William R. , Tobias Karen M. , Bemis David A. , Rohrbach Barton W. 
Published: July 2004

Objective—To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)‐impregnated gauze dressing in limiting the growth of bacteria both within and underneath the dressing.Study Design—In vitro study.Methods—Squares of PHMB‐impregnated and control gauze were placed on agar plates inoculated with 1 of 11 bacterial species, including 8 multi‐resistant organisms. Growth under the gauze was assessed qualitatively after 24‐hour incubation. Repeated use of sponges was used to evaluate residual inhibitory activity againstMicrococcus luteaandStaphylococcus schleiferiss.schleiferi. In a second procedure, PHMB‐impregnated and control gauze squares were placed in sterile plastic wells and inoculated with 1 of 5 bacterial species, includingPseudomonasspp. andKlebsiellaspp. Inhibition of bacterial growth within and underneath the dressing after 24‐hour incubation was evaluated by quantifying the numbers of bacteria on the well floor and within each square.Results—PHMB‐impregnated gauze provided greater inhibition of growth of 4/4 Gram‐positive species and 2/6 Gram‐negative species on inoculated plates compared with control gauze. Residual inhibitory activity of PHMB‐impregnated gauze was significantly greater againstM. luteaon all days and againstS. schleiferiss.schleiferion days 1 and 4 compared with control. No bacteria were recovered from inoculated PHMB‐impregnated gauze squares placed in sterile wells or from the well floor underneath. More than 9 × 105colony‐forming units (CFU) were recovered from inoculated control samples placed in sterile wells and more than 8.4 × 104CFU were recovered from control well floors.Conclusion—PHMB‐impregnated gauze dressing, when placed on inoculated agar plates, reduces growth of underlying bacteria, particularly Gram‐positive species. Wet‐inoculated PHMB‐impregnated dressing prevents growth of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria both within and underneath the dressing.Clinical Relevance—PHMB‐impregnated dressings may be useful for reducing contamination of underlying wounds by bacterial pathogens.
Use of Laparotomy in a Staged Approach for Resolution of Bilateral or Complicated Perineal Hernia in 41 dogs
Authors: Brissot Hervé N. , Dupré Gilles P. , Bouvy Bernard M. 
Published: July 2004

Objective—To evaluate the value of laparotomy as the initial step in the treatment of bilateral or complicated perineal hernia (PH) in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals or Sample Population—Forty‐one dogs with PH.Methods—Dogs with bilateral or complicated PH treated by a 2‐step approach between November 1997 and December 2001 were studied. Inclusion criteria for complicated PH were: recurrence of PH, unilateral PH with a major rectal dilatation, PH with a concurrent surgical prostatic disease, and PH with retroflexed bladder. Colopexy, vas deferens pexy, cystopexy, and prostatic omentalization were performed during laparotomy as needed. Later, PH was performed by internal obturator muscle flap (IOMF) or if there was a perineal rent or weakness on the contralateral side, appositional herniorrhaphy was performed. Outcome was followed for ≥6 months.Results—PH were bilateral (20 dogs) or unilateral (21). Twenty‐one (51%) dogs had prostatic disease (clinical or ultrasonography diagnosis; 17 confirmed histologically) and 12 (29%) had urinary bladder retroflexion. Forty‐one colopexies, 32 vas deferens pexies, 6 cystopexies, and 9 prostatic surgeries (omentalization or perineal cyst resection) were performed. PH was performed 2–20 days (median, 6 days) later: 61 IOMF transpositions, 13 appositional. Mean follow‐up time was 26.6 months (range, 6–54 months, median, 27 months). PH was resolved in 37 (90%) dogs; 4 dogs had recurrence, and all occurred within 6 months. Thirty‐eight (92%) dogs had an improved quality of life (good in 34 dogs, fair in 4 dogs). Wound complications occurred in 7 dogs (17%). Postoperative urine dribbling occurred in 15 dogs (37%) and was irreversible in 7 dogs (17%). Postoperative fecal straining persisted in 18 dogs (44%), and was permanent in 4 dogs (10%). Fecal incontinence did not occur.Conclusions—In bilateral or complicated PH, fixation of the urinary bladder and colon, and treatment of prostatic disease increase the chances of resolution. Emptying of the perineal space by organ pexy allows improved observation during herniorrhaphy. Despite a 90% clinical resolution, dogs with complicated PH treated by a 2‐step protocol may have persistent urinary and fecal disorders.Clinical Relevance—To improve the prognosis of bilateral or complicated PH, investigation and treatment of concomitant lesions (rectal, prostatic, bladder) should be part of a rational surgical strategy using a 2‐step protocol.
Biomechanical aspects of marginal bone resorption around osseointegrated implants: considerations based on a three‐dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Kitamura Eriko , Stegaroiu Roxana , Nomura Shuichi , Miyakawa Osamu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectives: Although bone loss around implants is reported as a complication when it progresses uncontrolled, resorption does not always lead to implant loss, but may be the result of biomechanical adaptation to stress. To verify this hypothesis, a three‐dimensional finite element analysis was performed and the influence of marginal bone resorption amount and shape on stress in the bone and implant was investigated.Material and methods: A total of nine bone models with an implant were created: a non‐resorption (Base) model and eight variations, in which three different resorption depths were combined with pure vertical or conical (vertical–horizontal) resorption. Axial and buccolingual forces were applied independently to the occlusal node at the center of the superstructure.Results: Regardless of load direction, bone stresses were higher in the pure vertical resorption (A) models than in the Base model, and increased with resorption depth. However, cortical bone stress was much lower in the conical resorption models than in both the Base and A models of the same resorption depth. An opposite tendency was observed in the cancellous bone under buccolingual load.Under buccolingual load, highest stress in the implant increased linearly with the resorption depth for all the models and its location approached the void existing below the abutment screw.Conclusions: The results of this analysis suggest that a certain amount of conical resorption may be the result of biomechanical adaptation of bone to stress. However, as bone resorption progresses, the increasing stresses in the cancellous bone and implant under lateral load may result in implant failure.
Dynamic fatigue resistance of implant–abutment junction in an internally notched morse‐taper oral implant: influence of abutment design
Authors: Çehreli Murat Cavit , Akça Kıvanç , İplikçioğlu Haldun , Şahin Saime 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurpose: To compare dynamic fatigue resistance of one‐ and two‐piece abutments connected to internally notched morse‐taper oral implants.Material and methods: Sixteen synOcta® ITI® implants were tightened into two metal models. SynOcta® abutments for cement‐retained restorations and solid abutments were divided into two equal groups and were torque‐tightened into the implants. Each implant received a cement‐retained crown. Cyclic dynamic axial and lateral peak loads of 75±5 N were applied on the implants for a duty of 500,000 cycles at 0.5 Hz, and at an angle of 20°. Prior to the experiments and at each 100,000 cycles of loading, periotest values (PTVs) were measured. Removal torque values (RTVs) of the abutments were also measured with a custom‐made torque device at the termination of the experiment.Results: All abutments and implants were clinically immobile and without any signs of mechanical failure. The final PTVs for both abutments were similar and the difference between groups was insignificant (P>0.05). The RTVs of solid abutments were significantly higher than synOcta® abutments (P<0.05).Conclusion: Predictable long‐term clinical results can be achieved with solid abutments and synOcta® abutments for cement‐retained restorations. Solid abutments possess higher removal torque resistance than synOcta® abutments when connected to synOcta® ITI® implants.
Force transmission of one‐ and two‐piece morse‐taper oral implants: a nonlinear finite element analysis
Authors: Cavit Çehreli Murat , Akça Kıvanç , İplikçioğlu Haldun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurpose: To compare force transmission behaviors of one‐piece (1‐P) and two‐piece (2‐P) morse‐taper oral implants.Material and methods: A three‐dimensional finite element model of a morse‐taper oral implant and a solid abutment was constructed separately. The implant–abutment complex was embedded in a Ø 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm acrylic resin cylinder. Vertical and oblique forces of 50 N and 100 N were applied on the abutment and solved by two different analyses. First, contact analysis was performed in the implant–abutment complex to evaluate a 2‐P implant. Then, the components were bonded with a separation force of 1020 N to analyze a 1‐P implant.Results: Von Mises stresses in the implant, principal stresses, and displacements in the resin were the same for both designs under vertical loading. Under oblique loading, principal stresses and displacement values in the resin were the same, but the magnitudes of Von Mises stresses were higher in the 2‐P implant. The principal stress distributions around both implants in the acrylic bone were similar under both loading conditions.Conclusion: 2‐P implants experience higher mechanical stress under oblique loading. Nevertheless, the 1‐P‐ or 2‐P morse‐taper nature of an implant is not a decisive factor for the magnitude and distribution of stresses, and displacements in supporting tissues.
Impact of IL‐1 genotype and smoking status on the prognosis of osseointegrated implants
Authors: Gruica Boris , Wang Hwa‐Ying , Lang Niklaus P. , Buser Daniel 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the impact of the IL‐1 genotype and smoking status on the prognosis and development of complications of osseointegrated implants.Material and methods: The clinical charts of 180 consecutively admitted patients were analyzed with respect to the occurrence of biological complications in conjunction with oral implants. Biologic complications were defined as clinical conditions with suppuration from the peri‐implant sulcus, development of a fistula or peri‐implantitis with radiologic bone loss. All patients had received one or more ITI® dental implants, which had been in function for at least 8 (range: 8–15) years. This patient population had received 292 implants. From these, 51 implants in 34 patients showed late (infectious) biologic complications, and 241 implants had survived without any biologic complications at all.Results: Of the 180 patients, 53 were smokers, who were subdivided in a series of classes according to their intensity of smoking and 127 were never smokers. Sixty‐four of 180 (36%) patients tested positive for the IL‐1 genotype polymorphism. This prevalence corresponds to previous reports for the prevalence of European descent populations. The results for the non‐smoking group indicated no significant correlation between implant complications and a positive IL‐1 genotype. However, there was a clear association for heavy smokers between a positive IL‐1 genotype and implant complications. 6 of 12 or half of the heavy smokers and IL‐1 genotype‐positive patients had either an implant failure, i.e. loss of implant, or a biologic complication during the follow‐up period.Conclusions: These findings have led to the conclusion that there is a synergistic effect between a positive IL‐1 genotype and smoking that puts dental implants at a significantly higher risk of developing biologic complications during function.
Patient experience of, and satisfaction with, delayed‐immediate vs. delayed single‐tooth implant placement
Authors: Schropp Lars , Isidor Flemming , Kostopoulos Lambros , Wenzel Ann 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectives: Recent investigations have focused on patients' subjective assessment of implant treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the patients' experience of surgical and prosthetic procedures, as well as satisfaction with function and aesthetics following single‐tooth replacements mounted to early vs. delayed placed dental implants.Material and methods: Forty‐six patients were treated with a single‐tooth implant in the anterior or premolar region. Twenty‐three implants were placed on average 10 days after tooth extraction (Im), while 23 implants were placed approximately 3 months after tooth extraction (De). Forty‐one patients completed a questionnaire regarding the treatment using visual analog scales (VAS) and check boxes 16–18 months after delivery of the restoration.Results: In all, 90% of the respondents rated 88 or higher on the VAS regarding satisfaction with the crown. Satisfaction with the restoration in general and the appearance was significantly greater in the Im group than in the De group (96 vs. 93; P<0.02). Assessment of the implant surgery was not significantly different between the delayed‐immediate and the delayed group. Approximately 25% of the patients experienced unpleasantness in relation to the prosthetic procedures, and in 8 of 11 cases, impression taking was the cause. When evaluating satisfaction with the overall implant treatment, the VAS scores for the delayed‐immediate group were significantly higher than for the delayed group (96 vs. 90; P<0.02).Conclusion: The patients in the present study were highly satisfied with the outcome of the treatment and experienced it to be without significant unpleasantness irrespective of the treatment concept.
Resonance frequency analysis of implants subjected to immediate or early functional occlusal loading
Authors: Glauser Roland , Sennerby Lars , Meredith Neil , Rée Andreas , Lundgren AnnaKarin , Gottlow Jan , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the development of implant stability by repeated resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements during 1 year in 23 patients treated according to an immediate/early‐loading protocol. The objective was also to evaluate the possible differences between failing and successful implants.Material and methods: Eighty‐one Brånemark System implants were placed in 23 patients for immediate/early‐occlusal loading in all jaw regions. Thirty of the implants were placed in extraction sockets and 62 were subjected to GBR procedures. Apart from clinical and radiographic examinations, the patients were followed with RFA at placement, prosthesis connection and after 1–3, 6 and 12 months. Statistical analyses were carried out to study the possible differences between implants that failed during the study period and implants that remained successful.Results: Nine implants failed (11.2%) during the 1 year of loading. RFA showed a distinct different pattern between the implants that remained stable and the implants that were lost. The implants that failed during the course of the study showed a significantly lower stability already after 1 month.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that failing implants show a continuous decrease of stability until failure. Low RFA levels after 1 and 2 months seem to indicate an increased risk for future failure. This information may be used to avoid implant failure in the future by unloading implants with decreasing degree of stability with time as diagnosed with the RFA technique.
Early bone formation adjacent to rough and turned endosseous implant surfaces
Authors: Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord , Linder Elena , Lang Niklaus P. , Lindhe Jan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjective: To validate a proposed model (Berglundh et al. 2003) and to evaluate the rate and degree of osseointegration at turned (T) and sand blasted and acid etched (SLA) implant surfaces during early phases of healing.Material and methods: The devices used for the study of early healing had a geometry that corresponded to that of a solid screw implant with either a SLA or a T surface configuration. A circumferential trough had been prepared within the thread region (intra‐osseous portion) that established a geometrically well‐defined wound chamber. Twenty Labrador dogs received totally 160 experimental devices to allow the evaluation of healing between 2 h and 12 weeks. Both ground and decalcified sections were prepared from mesial/distal and buccal/lingual device sites. Histometric and morphometric analyses of the ground sections and morphometric analysis of the tissue components in decalcified sections were performed.Results: The ground sections provided an overview of the various phases of tissue formation, while the decalcified, thin sections enabled a more detailed study of events involved in bone tissue modeling and remodeling for both SLA and T surfaces. The initially empty wound chamber became occupied with a coagulum and a granulation tissue that was replaced by a provisional matrix. The process of bone formation started already during the first week. The newly formed bone present at the lateral border of the cut bony bed appeared to be continuous with the parent bone, but on the SLA surface woven bone was also found at a distance from the parent bone. Parallel‐fibered and/or lamellar bone as well as bone marrow replaced this primary bone after 4 weeks. In the SLA chambers, more bone‐to‐device contact, more initial woven bone and earlier lamellar bone formation was found than in the T chambers.Conclusion: Osseointegration represents a dynamic process both during its establishment and its maintenance. While healing showed similar characteristics with resorptive and appositional events for both SLA and T surfaces, the rate and degree of osseointegration were superior for the SLA compared with the T chambers.
Compression, expansion, or dynamic equilibrium? The evolution of health expectancy in New Zealand
Authors: Graham Patrick , Blakely Tony , Davis Peter , Sporle Andrew , Pearce Neil 
Published: July 2004

Study objective:To evaluate the New Zealand evidence for three theories of population health change: compression of morbidity, expansion of morbidity, and dynamic equilibrium.Design:Using the Sullivan method, repeated cross sectional survey information on functional limitation prevalence was combined with population mortality data and census information on the utilisation of institutional care to produce health expectancy indices for 1981 and 1996.Setting:The adult population of New Zealand in 1981 and 1996.Participants:6891 respondents to the 1981 social indicators survey; 8262 respondents to the 1996 household disability survey.Main results:As a proportion of overall life expectancy at age 15 the expectation of non-institutionalised mobility limitations increased from 3.5% to 6% for men, and from 4.5% to 8% for women; the expectation of agility limitation increased from 3% to 7.5% for men and from 4.5% to 8.5% for women, and the expectation of self care limitations increased from 2.0% to 4.5% for men and from 3.0% to 6.0% for women. These changes were primarily attributable to increases in the expectation of moderate functional limitation.Conclusion:The dynamic equilibrium scenario provides the best fit to current New Zealand evidence on changes in population health. Although an aging population is likely to lead to an increase in demand for disability support services, the fiscal impact of this increase may be partially offset by a shift from major to moderate limitations, with a consequential reduction in the average levels of support required.