bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to and perceived unmet need for mental health services and support in a community sample of UK adolescents with and without experience of childhood adversity
Authors: Soneson E. , White S. R. , Howarth E. , Ford T. , Fazel M. , Jones P. B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Children and adolescents with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely than their peers to develop mental health difficulties, but not enough is known about their help-seeking behaviours and preferences. We aimed to determine whether ACEs are associated with access to and perceived unmet need for mental health services and support amongst secondary school students.

Methods
We used multi-level logistic regression with data from the 2020 OxWell Student Survey to assess whether ACEs were associated with (1) prior access to mental health support and (2) perceived unmet need for mental health services in a community sample of English secondary school students. We assessed ACEs as a cumulative score from the Center for Youth Wellness Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire: Teen Self-Report version and accounted for current mental health difficulties as measured by the 25-item Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS).

Results
Our analysis included 2018 students across 64 schools, of whom 29.9% (598/2002) reported prior access to mental health support. Of those not reporting prior access, 34.1% (469/1377) reported a perceived unmet need for services. In the unadjusted models, cumulative ACE scores were significantly positively associated with both prior access to mental health support (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–1.43) and perceived unmet need for mental health services (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.37–1.59), meaning that students who had experienced adversity had a greater chance of having previously accessed support as well as perceiving an unmet need for services. After adjusting for mental health difficulties and other sociodemographic variables, cumulative ACE scores were positively associated with prior access (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.17–1.34 with a significant interaction between RCADS and ACE scores, aOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84–0.93) as well as perceived unmet need (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.21–1.43 with a significant interaction between RCADS and ACE scores, aOR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78–0.91).

Conclusions
Although it is encouraging that adolescents with experience of adversity are more likely than their peers with similar levels of depression and anxiety symptoms to have accessed mental health support, there remains a concern that those who have not accessed support are more likely to perceive an as-yet unmet need for it. Mental health support must be available, accessible and acceptable to all who need it, especially for those groups that traditionally have not accessed services, including the more marginalised and vulnerable populations.
Water security risks in small, remote, indigenous communities in Canada: A critical review on challenges and opportunities
Authors: De Coste Michael , Saleem Sana , Mian Haroon R. , Chhipi-Shrestha Gyan , Hewage Kasun , Mohseni Madjid , Sadiq Rehan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Indigenous communities in Canada are disproportionately affected by issues related to water security, especially access to clean water to meet human needs. The issues these communities face are diverse and widespread across Canada, with many causes and consequences. This review summarizes the types and magnitudes of risks associated with the water security of these communities, the consequences considering health and social perspectives, and the means of responding to these issues. Risks are broadly divided into quantitative risks (e.g., water quality and availability) and qualitative risks (e.g., lack of funding and jurisdictional conflicts). These risks lead to unique consequences, resulting in challenges in developing generalized risk response frameworks. Management of these risks includes a mix of techniques relying on legislative and technical approaches. Nevertheless, the affected communities should be included in the decision-making process that should be holistic, incorporating indigenous knowledge. Good governance, cooperation between communities, policy improvement and the development of an institutional mechanism for clean water supply will provide a pathway and guidelines to address the water security challenges among indigenous communities.
Plume‐Modified Lithosphere Mantle Controlled the Cenozoic Sediment Thickness in the Tarim Basin
Authors: Xiang Xiao , Chen Hanlin , Chen Lin , Xu Xi , Lin Xiubin , Li Zhong , Yan Zhiyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Cenozoic sediments are very thick in the southwest Tarim Basin and very thin in the northwest, but what controls these variations is unclear. Here, we use two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical models to investigate how the lateral variations in rheological strength and depletion density of cratonic lithosphere mantle affect the cratonic basin deformation. Model results show that the basin basement uplift occurs above either the region with crustal thickening or high depletion in the mantle. A model with a stronger and density‐depleted northern half of cratonic lithosphere mantle in the context of compression matches the differential Cenozoic subsidence and deformation observed in the Tarim Basin well. We propose that a Permian plume led to the lateral heterogeneity of the lithosphere mantle under the Tarim craton, and the modified lithosphere mantle characteristics caused the differential Cenozoic sediment thickness in the Tarim Basin.
Contributions of Indo‐Pacific Forcings to Interannual Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Upper and Lower Layers
Authors: Zhu Qiongrui , Wang Chunzai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper uses reanalysis data and model outputs to quantify relative contributions of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) to the vertical structure variability of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) using multiple regression analysis. In comparing ENSO to IOD events, it becomes evident that ENSO plays a more significant role in ITF upper layer (0–300 m) transport, while the IOD has a greater impact on ITF lower layer (300–760 m) transport. Given the larger anomaly in ITF upper layer transport, ENSO dominates the interannual variability of ITF transport. Moreover, ITF transport is influenced by different physical processes associated with varying phases of ENSO and the IOD. The month‐by‐month contributions reveal that the IOD primarily controls ITF transport during El Niño development years, while ENSO has more influence during El Niño decaying years.
Changes in China's Snow Droughts Characteristics From 1993 to 2019
Authors: Guan Yanlong , Liu Junguo , Li Delong , Dou Yuehan , Chen Penghan , Zhang Chongyang , Jiang Yelin , Chen He , Chen Aifang , Maeda Eduardo Eiji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSnowpacks are natural water reservoirs providing a considerable amount of water for humans and ecosystems. However, current global snow products (e.g., ESA GlobSnow v3.0), lack high spatial resolution and regional calibrations necessary to capture the high heterogeneity of snow water equivalents (SWEs) in complex Asian mountainous terrains. Therefore, our understanding of snow drought characteristics in China remains limited. Herein, we used an improved SWE product calibrated specifically for China to explore the characteristics of snow droughts, delineated by a standardized SWE index (SWEI) between 1993 and 2019. Our analysis was focused over three main snow‐covered regions of China: Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), northern Xinjiang, Northeast China. Especially during the period from 1993 to 2010, we found that the SWEI increased significantly at rates of 0.022/yr (Northeast China), 0.017/yr (northern Xinjiang), and 0.011/yr (QTP) (p < 0.01, Mann‐Kendall trend test). Increased SWEI contributed to decreasing snow drought events across China, with an obvious short‐term characteristic, whilst area proportion of the identified 1‐month snow droughts was above 46.5% across three regions. Furthermore, we found that the occurrence of snow droughts was likely mediated by large‐scale atmospheric circulation, since increased water vapor transport caused a significant vapor flux convergence in cold seasons over three regions, especially in northern Xinjiang and Northeast China.
Improving BC Mixing State and CCN Activity Representation With Machine Learning in the Community Atmosphere Model Version 6 (CAM6)
Authors: Shen Wenxiang , Wang Minghuai , Riemer Nicole , Zheng Zhonghua , Liu Yawen , Dong Xinyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRepresenting mixing state of black carbon (BC) is challenging for global climate models (GCMs). The Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) with the four‐mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module (MAM4) represents aerosols as fully internal mixtures with uniform composition within each aerosol mode, resulting in high degree of internal mixing of BC with non‐BC species and large mass ratio of coating to BC (RBC, the mass ratio of non‐BC species to BC in BC‐containing particles). To improve BC mixing state representation, we coupled a machine learning (ML) model of BC mixing state index trained on particle‐resolved simulations to the CAM6 with MAM4 (MAM4‐ML). In MAM4‐ML, we use RBC to partition accumulation mode particles into two new modes, BC‐free particles and BC‐containing particles. We adjust RBC to make the modeled BC mixing state index (χmode) match the one predicted by the ML model (χML). On a global average, the mass fraction of BC‐containing particles in accumulation mode decreases from 100% (MAM4‐default) to 48% (MAM4‐ML). The globally averaged χmode decreases from 78% (MAM4‐default) to 63% (MAM4‐ML, 19% reduction) and agrees well with χML (66%). The RBC decreases by 52% for accumulation mode and better agrees with observations. The hygroscopicity drops by 9% for BC‐containing particles in accumulation mode, leading to a 20% reduction in the BC activation fraction. The surface BC concentration increases most (6.9%) in the Arctic, and the BC burden increases by 4%, globally. Our study highlights the application of the ML model for improving key aerosol processes in GCMs.
Can We Intercalibrate Satellite Measurements by Means of Data Assimilation? An Attempt on LEO Satellites
Authors: Castillo Angélica M. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Aseev Nikita A. , Smirnov Artem , Drozdov Alexander , Cervantes Sebastian , Michaelis Ingo , Peñaranda Marina García , Wang Dedong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLow Earth Orbit satellites offer extensive data of the radiation belt region, but utilizing these observations is challenging due to potential contamination and difficulty of intercalibration with spacecraft measurements at Highly Elliptic Orbit that can observe all equatorial pitch‐angles. This study introduces a new intercalibration method for satellite measurements of energetic electrons in the radiation belts using a Data assimilation (DA) approach. We demonstrate our technique by intercalibrating the electron flux measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) NOAA‐15,‐16,‐17,‐18,‐19, and MetOp‐02 against Van Allen Probes observations from October 2012 to September 2013. We use a reanalysis of the radiation belts obtained by assimilating Van Allen Probes and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites observations into 3‐D Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB‐3D) code simulations via a standard Kalman filter. We compare the reanalysis to the POES data set and estimate the flux ratios at each time, location, and energy. From these ratios, we derive energy and L* dependent recalibration coefficients. To validate our results, we analyze on‐orbit conjunctions between POES and Van Allen Probes. The conjunction recalibration coefficients and the data‐assimilative estimated coefficients show strong agreement, indicating that the differences between POES and Van Allen Probes observations remain within a factor of two. Additionally, the use of DA allows for improved statistics, as the possible comparisons are increased 10‐fold. Data‐assimilative intercalibration of satellite observations is an efficient approach that enables intercalibration of large data sets using short periods of data.
Noble gas evidence of a millennial-scale deep North Pacific palaeo-barometric anomaly
Authors: Jenkins W. J. , Seltzer A. M. , Gebbie G. , German C. R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrecise measurements of dissolved noble gases along the GP15 GEOTRACES Pacific Meridional Transect reveal the oldest northern bottom waters equilibrated with the atmosphere at a higher barometric pressure than more recent waters. Here, using a radiocarbon-calibrated multi-tracer-based diagnostic model, we reconstruct the magnitude and timing of this palaeo-barometric pressure anomaly. We hypothesize this multi-millennial trend in sea-level pressure results from local and regional processes extant in Antarctic Bottom Water formation regions.
The persistence of memory in ionic conduction probed by nonlinear optics
Authors: Poletayev Andrey D. , Hoffmann Matthias C. , Dawson James A. , Teitelbaum Samuel W. , Trigo Mariano , Islam M. Saiful , Lindenberg Aaron M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPredicting practical rates of transport in condensed phases enables the rational design of materials, devices and processes. This is especially critical to developing low-carbon energy technologies such as rechargeable batteries1–3. For ionic conduction, the collective mechanisms4,5, variation of conductivity with timescales6–8 and confinement9,10, and ambiguity in the phononic origin of translation11,12, call for a direct probe of the fundamental steps of ionic diffusion: ion hops. However, such hops are rare-event large-amplitude translations, and are challenging to excite and detect. Here we use single-cycle terahertz pumps to impulsively trigger ionic hopping in battery solid electrolytes. This is visualized by an induced transient birefringence, enabling direct probing of anisotropy in ionic hopping on the picosecond timescale. The relaxation of the transient signal measures the decay of orientational memory, and the production of entropy in diffusion. We extend experimental results using in silico transient birefringence to identify vibrational attempt frequencies for ion hopping. Using nonlinear optical methods, we probe ion transport at its fastest limit, distinguish correlated conduction mechanisms from a true random walk at the atomic scale, and demonstrate the connection between activated transport and the thermodynamics of information.
Identification and characterization of TOR in Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its role in muscle protein and lipid production
Authors: Dai Xilin , Li Xuenan , Yin Danhui , Chen Xin , Wang Linwei , Pang Luyao , Fu Yuanshuai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe recent scarcity of fishmeal and other resources means that studies on the intrinsic mechanisms of nutrients in the growth and development of aquatic animals at the molecular level have received widespread attention. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway has been reported to receive signals from nutrients and environmental stresses, and regulates cellular anabolism and catabolism to achieve precise regulation of cell growth and physiological activities. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA sequence of the TOR gene of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrTOR). MrTOR was expressed in all tissues, with higher expression in heart and muscle tissues. In situ hybridization also indicated that MrTOR was expressed in muscle, mainly around the nucleus. RNA interference decreased the expression levels of MrTOR and downstream protein synthesis-related genes (S6K, eIF4E, and eIF4B) (P < 0.05) and the expression and enzyme activity of the lipid synthesis-related enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and increased enzyme activity of the lipolysis-related enzyme, lipase (LPS). In addition, amino acid injection significantly increased the transcript levels of MrTOR and downstream related genes (S6K, eIF4E, eIF4B, and FAS), as well as triglyceride and total cholesterol tissue levels and FAS activity. Starvation significantly increased transcript levels and enzyme activities of adenylate-activated protein kinase and LPS and decreased transcript levels and enzyme activities of FAS, as well as transcript levels of MrTOR and its downstream genes (P < 0.05), whereas amino acid injection alleviated the starvation-induced decreases in transcript levels of these genes. These results suggested that arginine and leucine activated the TOR signaling pathway, promoted protein and lipid syntheses, and alleviated the pathway changes induced by starvation.
Fourier transform-based method for quantifying the three-dimensional orientation distribution of fibrous units
Authors: Alberini Riccardo , Spagnoli Andrea , Sadeghinia Mohammad Javad , Skallerud Bjørn , Terzano Michele , Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral materials and tissues are characterized by a microstructure composed of fibrous units embedded in a ground matrix. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) Fourier transform-based method for quantifying the distribution of fiber orientations is presented. The method allows for an accurate identification of individual fiber families, their in-plane and out-of-plane dispersion, and showed fast computation times. We validated the method using artificially generated 3D images, in terms of fiber dispersion by considering the error between the standard deviation of the reconstructed and the prescribed distributions of the artificial fibers. In addition, we considered the measured mean orientation angles of the fibers and validated the robustness using a measure of fiber density. Finally, the method is employed to reconstruct a full 3D view of the distribution of collagen fiber orientations based on in vitro second harmonic generation microscopy of collagen fibers in human and mouse skin. The dispersion parameters of the reconstructed fiber network can be used to inform mechanical models of soft fiber-reinforced materials and biological tissues that account for non-symmetrical fiber dispersion.
Deep neural operator-driven real-time inference to enable digital twin solutions for nuclear energy systems
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuma , Alam Syed Bahauddin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the feasibility of deep neural operator network (DeepONet) as a robust surrogate modeling method within the context of digital twin (DT) enabling technology for nuclear energy systems. Machine learning (ML)-based prediction algorithms that need extensive retraining for new reactor operational conditions may prohibit real-time inference for DT across varying scenarios. In this study, DeepONet is trained with possible operational conditions and that relaxes the requirement of continuous retraining - making it suitable for online and real-time prediction components for DT. Through benchmarking and evaluation, DeepONet exhibits remarkable prediction accuracy and speed, outperforming traditional ML methods, making it a suitable algorithm for real-time DT inference in solving a challenging particle transport problem. DeepONet also exhibits generalizability and computational efficiency as an efficient surrogate tool for DT component. However, the application of DeepONet reveals challenges related to optimal sensor placement and model evaluation, critical aspects of real-world DT implementation. Addressing these challenges will further enhance the method’s practicality and reliability. Overall, this study marks an important step towards harnessing the power of DeepONet surrogate modeling for real-time inference capability within the context of DT enabling technology for nuclear systems.
An approach for an enhanced anticancer activity of ferulic acid-loaded polymeric micelles via MicroRNA-221 mediated activation of TP53INP1 in caco-2 cell line
Authors: Sweed Nabila M. , Dawoud Marwa H. S. , Aborehab Nora M. , Ezzat Shahira M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFerulic acid (FA) has powerful antioxidant and antitumor activities, but it has low bioavailability owing to its poor water solubility. Our aim is to formulate polymeric mixed micelles loaded with FA to overcome its poor solubility and investigate its potential anticancer activity via miRNA-221/TP53INP1 axis-mediated autophagy in colon cancer. A D-optimal design with three factors was used for the optimization of polymeric mixed micelles by studying the effects of each of total Pluronics mixture (mg), Pluronic P123 percentage (%w/w), and drug amount (mg) on both entrapment efficiency (EE%) and particle size. The anticancer activity of FA and Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) mixed micelles formula (O2) was assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. O2 showed an EE% of 99.89%, a particle size of 13.86 nm, and a zeta potential of − 6.02 mv. In-vitro drug release studies showed a notable increase in the release rate of FA from O2, as compared to the free FA. The (IC50) values for FA from O2 and free FA were calculated against different cell lines showing a prominent IC50 against Caco-2 (17.1 µg/ml, 191 µg/ml respectively). Flow cytometry showed that FA caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in Caco-2. RT-PCR showed that O2 significantly increased the mRNA expression level of Bax and CASP-3 (4.72 ± 0.17, 3.67 ± 0.14), respectively when compared to free FA (2.59 ± 0.13, 2.14 ± 0.15), while miRNA 221 levels were decreased by the treatment with O2 (0.58 ± 0.02) when compared to free FA treatment (0.79 ± 0.03). The gene expression of TP53INP1 was increased by the treatment with O2 compared to FA at P < 0.0001. FA-loaded TPGS mixed micelles showed promising results for enhancing the anticancer effect of FA against colorectal cancer, probably due to its enhanced solubility. Thus, FA-loaded TPGS mixed micelles could be a potential therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer by targeting miRNA-221/TP53INP1 axis-mediated autophagy.