bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Barness Lewis A , Gilbert-Barness Enid , Fauber Dean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Capillary samples give higher Hb/hematocrit (Hct) values than venous samples (see Figure 12.1). Differences average 3.5 gm/dl (5 –25%) during first year of life. Age, hypotension, ambient temperatures, infants younger than 30 weeks of gestational age, small sick infants, acidosis, and red cell mass less than 35 ml/kg are factors that may influence these differences. Capillary/venous Hct differences gradually decrease with gestational age. In healthy infants, the variations are only about 2.5% by one week of life.
Making Genetic Choices
Authors: Davis Dena S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Short Sketch Of Celia, in the introduction, we already saw a number of different reasons why people might use the services of a genetic counselor. A person might want a diagnosis of her own condition or that of a child. She might know that one or more relatives had a particular condition and wonder what the implications are for herself or her future children. She might want assistance in avoiding a trait or in maximizing the chances that her children will have that condition. Thus, we can see that genetics encompasses just about all of the most emotionally powerful of human experiences: life, death, reproduction, parenthood, and the meaning of health and disease. Not surprisingly, medical geneticists, pediatricians, genetic counselors, and others who work with these issues have devoted much energy to thinking and writing about the ethical issues in genetic counseling.
Introduction: Meaning in Life and Death
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us hope, however, that there is a method to the madness—or at least some philosophical insights that can help to structure the insanity. I shall begin by laying out in the barest bones my overall view on the badness of death, the possible goodness of immortality, and the meaning of life. I believe that the notions of “narrative” (stories) and free will play key roles in understanding these deep and mysterious phenomena, and I shall seek to sketch some of the connections between free will, stories, and the meaning of life. In this introductory essay, I only give the briefest overview of issues I explore in more detail in the essays in the book. Also, I go on to offer some ruminations on the nature and (possible) implications of these views, including suggestions for future directions in thinking about this web of fundamental existential issues.
The Literate Eye
Authors: Teukolsky Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rather than focusing on German philosophy or the French avant-gardes, as many books on the history of aesthetics do, Teukolsky takes up British responses to modern art controversies, thus providing a unique view on the development of artistic forms and art history. She considers the plentiful archive of Victorian "art writing"-essays addressed to the visual arts- to reveal the key role played by nineteenth-century writers in the rise of modernist Anglo-American aesthetics. Though Victorians are most often associated with realism, certain art writers promoted a formalism that would come to dominate canons of twentieth-century art. Teukolsky analyzes the canonical writing of authors like John Ruskin, Walter Pater, and Oscar Wilde alongside texts belonging to the rich field of Victorian print culture--gallery reviews, scientific treatises, satirical cartoons, advertisements, and early photography monographs among them. Spanning the years 1840 to 1910, her argument also adds substance to our understanding of the transition from Victorianism to modernism, a period of especially lively exchange between artists and intellectuals, here narrated with careful attention given to the historical particularities and real events that stamped their imprint on such interactions.
Birth of a Cell
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
May 2005. In a new industrial park at Porto Marghera, some four miles across the lagoon from Venice, an American physicist by the name of Norman Packard is staring at the enormous 30-inch-wide display screen of a Macintosh G5 computer. Floating around against a dark background is a dense assortment of red, green, and blue dots.
“Blue is water, the greens are hydrophobic molecules, which means they don’ t like water, and the reds are hydrophilic molecules, which do,” Packard says.
The simulation begins with the dots spread out evenly across the screen in a relatively homogeneous mix. But then in the incremental time-steps of the particle dynamics program, a pattern emerges. The greens move toward one another and then converge and clump together, forming a spherical structure.
Schrödinger
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In February 1943 , before the structure of DNA had been discovered, and even before DNA was known to contain the genetic information, the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrö-dinger gave a set of three public lectures on biology at Trinity College, Dublin. At the age of fifty-six, Schrödinger was a handsome man with sharp, chiseled features and a lively, engaging wit. His lectures, which were given on three successive Friday nights, drew an audience of about four hundred. As he later recalled with no trace of false (or true) modesty, the audience “did not substantially dwindle, though warned at the outset that the subject-matter was a difficult one and that the lectures could not be termed popular.”
ATP and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metabolism is what makes organisms go. It converts food into bodily structure and kinetic energy, two things that living entities cannot do without. Anyone who felt so inclined could forgo reproduction for their entire lives, but no one could do without metabolism for a moment without extremely serious consequences. Between the two of them, then, which seemed to be closer to the sum and substance of life?
Whether on the cellular level or that of the whole animal, the workings of metabolism were terra incognita to most people. The average person’ s understanding of the human metabolic process was that you took in food and water, excreted waste products, burned up energy, and perspired.
Origins
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is probably no more disputed problem in theoretical biology than the question of how life arose on earth. The field is crowded with fads and fashions, “standard models,” flavor-of-the-week theories, countless “scenarios” as to how it might have happened, pie-in-the-sky ideas and wild speculations, and some outright flakiness—all of it the product of competent scientists, some of whom are even Nobel Prize winners. Indeed, the dispute over life’ s origins might never be settled definitively, for the earliest organisms, whatever they were, left no physical traces of their existence, and so the evidence of their genesis has long since departed the scene. As Francis Crick once said: “I cannot myself see just how we shall ever decide how life originated.” Steen Rasmussen went even further, saying that when it comes to the question of how life originally began on earth, “nobody has a freakin’ clue.”
What Is Life?
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In His Synoptic Entry on “Life” that appeared in the 1970 edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Carl Sagan wrote that “despite the enormous fund of information that [biologists] have provided, it is a remarkable fact that no general agreement exists on what it is that is being studied. There is no generally accepted definition of life.”
One by one, Sagan had reviewed several possible approaches to defining that elusive term. A “physiological” definition interpreted life in terms of typical organismal functions such as eating, excreting, metabolizing, breathing, moving, growing, and so on. “But many such properties are either present in machines that nobody is willing to call alive, or absent from organisms that everybody is willing to call alive,” he said.
Integrative Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Sencer Susan F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than half of the children being treated for cancer in the United States use some form of integrative medicine (IM), primarily to treat symptoms rather than to cure the cancer directly. Greater than 75% of childhood cancer is currently curable with conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery; pediatric oncologists are concerned that widespread use of IM may compromise the improvements made in survival.
The Future of Integrative Pediatrics
Authors: Culbert Timothy P , Kemper Kathi J , Rosen Lawrence D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The spread of the integrative care model within pediatrics will depend upon the co-creative efforts of the authors and readers of this volume. Healthcare must shift from a focus on “pathogenesis” to “saluto-genesis” (creating health) and include consideration of all physical and non-physical factors in the etiology and resolution of disease.
Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral?
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632’1723) described the invisible world of little animals in more than 200 letters he sent to the Royal Society of London beginning in 1674. He was not an educated man. His father was a maker of the wicker baskets used to transport the fine wares produced in Delft. Antony had spent six years in Amsterdam working in a linen-drapery shop as an apprentice to a cloth merchant; he became bookkeeper and cashier before returning to his native Delft when he was 22 years old. In 1666, the city appointed him Chamberlain to the Council Chamber of the Sheriffs of Delft, a position that offered him a permanent source of income and allowed him to concentrate on his microscopic observations. His marriage in 1671 to Cornelia Swamis (daughter of a merchant who dealt in serge) brought him into association with a more intellectual group.
Morality not a System of Imperatives
Authors: Slote Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At present there exists a widespread tendency to think of morality as some sort of system or code of imperatives, precepts, rules, or principles addressed to moral agents. Indeed, I can think of no ethical thinker of recent times who has said anything explicitly or implicitly to the contrary. And despite the recent heated debate about the categorical or hypothetical status of moral claims, all parties to the debate seem agreed that (valid) moral principles are principles for the guidance of the actions of moral agents: even Philippa Foot, who sparked the recent challenge to Kantian views about the categorical status of morality, treats morality as a system of hypothetical imperatives.
Ethical Issues in For-Profit Health Care
Authors: Brock Dan W , Buchanan Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The American health-care system is undergoing a rapid socioeconomic revolution. Within a general environment of heightening competition, the number of investor-owned for-profit hospitals has more than doubled in the past 10 years, while the number of independent proprietary for-profit hospitals has declined by half. Investor-owned for-profit corporations are controlled ultimately by stockholders who appropriate surplus revenues either in the form of stock dividends or increased stock values. Independent proprietary institutions are for-profit entities owned by an individual, a partnership, or a corporation, but which are not controlled by stockholders. Nonprofit corporations are taxexempt and are controlled ultimately by boards of trustees who are prohibited by law from appropriating surplus revenues after expenses (including salaries) are paid. Although the increase in investor-owned hospitals has been most dramatic and publicized, a rise in investor-owned health-care facilities of other types, from dialysis clinics to outpatient surgery and “urgent care” centers has also occurred.
‘Virgins of God’
Authors: Elm Susanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Situated in a period that witnessed the genesis of institutions fundamental to this day, this path-breaking study offers a comprehensive look at how ancient Christian women initiated ascetic ways of living, and how these practices were then institutionalized. Using the organization of female asceticism in Asia Minor and Egypt as a lever, the author demonstrates that - in direct contrast to later conceptions - asceticism began primarly as an urban movement. Crucially, it also originated with men and women living together, varying the model of the family. The book then traces how, in the course of the fourth century, these early organizational forms underwent a transformation. Concurrent with the doctrinal struggles to redefine the Trinity, and with the formation of a new Christian élite, men such as Basil of Caesarea changed the institutional configuration of ascetic life in common: they emphasized the segregation of the sexes, and the supremacy of the rural over urban models. At the same time, ascetics became clerics, who increasingly used female saints as symbols for the role of the new ecclesiastical elite. Earlier, more varied models of ascetic life were either silenced or condemned as heretical; and those who had been in fact their reformers became known as the founding fathers of monasticism.
Controlling Daughters’ Bodies in Sirach
Authors: Berquist Jon L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient Israel’s literature ranges over many interests, from the distant matters of international politics to the most intimate realities of common existence. The texts concern themselves with world-changing history and with everyday happenings, such as the activity of one’s body and the interrelationships of family life. Such a combination of interests certainly appears in the Book of Sirach, a text depicting life in Jewish communities during the early Hellenistic period, probably during 200- 175 BCE. The book is similar in form and tone to Israel’s earlier wisdom literature, especially Proverbs.
Phonetic Essentials
Authors: Mitchell T F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Speech sounds are sounds capable of production by the organs we use for speech. They are distinguished from the units (and features) of the sound system of a given language or language variety. It is primarily for the representation of the latter that phonetic transcription is used in this book. It is of the type usually termed phonemic, as opposed to narrow transcription, in which additional symbols (generally those of the International Phonetic Association) are used to indicate greater detail of pronunciation. The phonemic transcription is a set of symbols of which each corresponds to a significant, usually word-distinguishing, consonant or vowel phoneme of Classical Arabic. In turn, each consonant or vowel phoneme corresponds to one symbol only of the transcription. In fact, the relationship between the written letters of CA, including their diacritical indices, and their phonetic implications is so regular that a transcription is tantamount to a transliteration, that is, a letter-to-letter transfer from Arabic to roman shape, with an almost invariable correspondence between a significant Arabic sound and its written representation.
Thomas Mann The Uses of Tradition
Authors: Reed T J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
T.J. Reed's study has long established itself as the standard work in English on Thomas mann, and offers as comprehensive a view of Mann's fiction and thought as is available in any language. It is based on a coherent close reading of Mann's oeuvre, literary and political, and also on manuscripts and sources, and was part of the first phase of literary scholarship that opened up the resources of the Zurich Thomas Mann Archive. Further documents that have appeared since then - Mann's diaries, notebooks, and other correspondences - have not fundamentally altered the individual interpretations or the overall picture the study offers, and in some respects have emphatically confirmed them. A further chapter added to this edition covers the new documentation, gives a vigorous account of the main curents in Mann scholarship and criticism over the last two decades suggesting how we should now see the writer, the man, and the political figure, and above all the complex relationship between the three.
Time and Commodity Culture
Authors: Frow John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Time and Commodity Culture is a set of four linked essays on the cultural systems of postmodernity. Rather than taking modernity and postmodernity as real historical epochs, however, it understands them as strategies for organizing time and social order by means of a `nostalgic' division within them. Each essay explores a particular dimension of this organization of time, especially in relation to the anxieties and the possibilities created by the commodification of culture. The central essay, `Gift and Commodity', studies two areas in which the speed of commodification has increased markedly in recent years: That of the person, and that of information. Using a mix of anthropological, legal, economic, and historical materials, it investigates the privatization of the commons in information by way of such things as the development of markets in human DNA, the trade in human organs, and the creation of property rights in `personality'. `What Was Postmodernism?' analyses the structured anxiety about the commodification of culture that is called `postmodern theory'. A further essay explores tourism as a figure of modernity, and a final essay on memory explores the phenomena of `recovered memory' and of Holocaust remembrance as ways of constructing temporally ordered forms of the real.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Authors: Whittall Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many books have been written about Beethoven but it is rare to find one which seeks an alternative to the tendency of academia, on the one hand, to fragmentation, and of popular biographical writing, on the other, to a superficial overview. In this volume, the late Carl Dahlhaus combines the interpretations of individual works with excursions into the musical aesthetics of the period around 1800, an age which was not only a `classical' period in the history of the arts but also one in which aesthetics carved itself a place in the Centre of philosophical attention. The theme of the book is the reconstruction of Beethoven's `musical thinking' from the evidence in the works themselves and their context in the history of ideas. A table entitled `Chronicle' places the references to biographical data in their historical context. The selective bibliography includes comments to assist readers to find their way in the labyrinth of the literature about Beethoven.
Introduction
Authors: Elliott Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Benjamin Britten’s death in 1976, a great deal has been written about the man and his music, and about what the various writers consider to be the driving motives which directed his creativity. Much stress has been put on the issues of his pacifism and his homosexuality—so much, indeed, that there is a danger of these factors being seen as the only major influences in his work. Professor Philip Brett made his first confident pronouncements on Britten’s homosexuality in an article ‘Britten and Grimes’, which was published in the Musical Times in 1977 and which he reprinted in revised form in his book Benjamin Britten: Peter Grimes.
Makers of the Piano 1700–1820
Authors: Clinkscale Martha Novak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early piano has grown in popularity over recent years. It is now recognized as a window to the past and indispensable in revealing the sounds in the ears of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century composers. Yet rarely are two instruments more than superficially alike: the earliest instruments were constructed individually to the taste of each maker and often to that of his customer. Furthermore, pianos built in the same year by the same maker - even in a series - often have not enjoyed the same standard of conservation: one may have its original strings and hammers, while another may have suffered the improper replacement of its entire action with parts designed for the modern Steinway. Many old pianos are still well-maintained and are in playable condition, while others need extensive and careful restoration. Fulfilling a need for a comprehensive study of early pianos, Makers of the Piano 1700-1820 is the first book to present details about all known extant pianos built during the earliest years of the instrument’s existence. Biographical information about each maker and such details about his instruments as the place and date of manufacture, style, compass, case description and measurements, strings, action, stops, pedals, and present and former owners are given. Bibliographical references are listed separately for the individual pianos. Builders whose pianos have been lost are identified; however, anonymous pianos have not been included unless an attribution to a known maker is likely. Principal collections with their catalogues and an exhaustive bibliography complete this valuable reference work.
Discarding Images
Authors: Page Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many centuries, the Western imagination has pictures the medieval period as a kind of odyssey: a journey that took Mankind to a strange country and ended in the Renaissance with his homecoming and the restoration of his inheritance. In this stimulating and provocative book, Christopher Page explores the kinds of generalisation that we habitually make about ‘the Middle Ages’ and which, whether we know it or not, sustain the false image of a medieval odyssey. In chapters that proceed chronologically from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth, he examines what we suppose to be the serenity of medieval reflection on such matters as the ‘numerical’ explanation of musical beauty, and he questions the modern tendency to regard Ars antiqua motets as music for ‘an intellectual elite’. Turning to the Ars Nova and beyond, he discusses the relation between fourteenth century innovations and contemporary science. A final chapter explores the powerful influence of Johan Huizinga’s classic The Waning of the Middle Ages, upon musicology. Page’s lively prose is full of ideas, is based upon first-hand learning, and is enriched by an uncommonly deep experience of medieval music.
Reading Tinctoris for Guidance on Tempo
Authors: Blachly Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ohannes Tinctoris, today probably the most highly esteemed theorist of the fifteenth century, never discusses the concept of tempo directly. He limits his statements on tempo to some brief observations concerning cut signatures and time-beating. But so great is his authority that modern misapprehensions concerning Tinctoris’s passing observations on mensuration and tempo have led to a distorted view of fifteenth-century mensural relationships generally.
1848-1869
Authors: Macdonald Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 28th July 1848, soon after Berlioz’s return from London, his father died. This was yet another break with the past, and it was ironic that he should recently have been writing an account of his father’s years of displeasure, for he realized how deep their mutual affection was. The family gathered at La Cote. Berlioz felt closer now to his two sisters (although Nanci had only two years to live) and presided over the settlement of his father’s estate. He later had a modest income from the sale of property, though it made little difference to his precarious finances.