bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DE L’ANC À LA CONSTITUTION SUD-AFRICAINE : CONTINUITÉ OU RUPTURE DANS LA PROTECTION DES DROITS FONDAMENTAUX ?
Authors: Barry Ousmane 
Published: February 2024

La population d’Afrique du Sud fut longtemps divisée par la ségrégation raciale. Inspiré par la nouvelle ère des droits de la personne et de la démocratie, un mouvement s’éleva pour condamner l’apartheid tant au niveau national qu’international. D’abord, l’Assemblée générale puis, le Conseil de sécurité, suite aux appels pressants des États africains et asiatiques, firent pression pour exclure l’Afrique du Sud des organisations internationales tant et aussi longtemps que le régime perdurerait. Ces revendications amenèrent l’isolement diplomatique complet de l’Afrique du Sud le 12 novembre 1974, isolement qui persista jusqu’à l’année 1994 et qui fut accompagné par une lutte acharnée contre l’apartheid. Après vingt ans d’isolement, l’Afrique du Sud abolit sa politique de ségrégation et effectua un remaniement complet de son régime pour enfin être réintégrée dans la légalité internationale et admise à titre de participant effectif aux organisations intergouvemementales.
Cette évolution, à la fois historique et politique, a mené à la consécration des droits fondamentaux dans le dispositif interne de l’Afrique du Sud par le rejet de l’ethnocentrisme et du racisme sous toutes ses formes et par l’adhésion à un modèle d’unité « dans la diversité ». Ce modèle – produit d’une Constitution regroupant neuf provinces multiethniques et basée sur l’expression de l’autodétermination des populations sud-africaines – ne pourra toutefois demeurer viable que par la participation démocratique des populations et la réalisation de leur droit au développement. Il est nécessaire de promouvoir le développement économique national et d’adopter une politique de réduction des inégalités.
Expression patterns of E2Fs identify tumor microenvironment features in human gastric cancer
Authors: Li Fanni , Yan Jun , Leng Jing , Yu Tianyu , Zhou Huayou , Liu Chang , Huang Wenbo , Sun Qi , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2024

Objective
E2F transcription factors are associated with tumor development, but their underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. This study explored whether E2Fs determine the prognosis or immune and therapy responses of GC patients.

Methods
E2F regulation patterns from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were systematically investigated and E2F patterns were correlated with the characteristics of cellular infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). A principal component analysis was used to construct an E2F scoring model based on prognosis-related differential genes to quantify the E2F regulation of a single tumor. This scoring model was then tested in patient cohorts to predict effects of immunotherapy.

Results
Based on the expression profiles of E2F transcription factors in GC, two different regulatory patterns of E2F were identified. TME and survival differences emerged between the two clusters. Lower survival rates in the Cluster2 group were attributed to limited immune function due to stromal activation. The E2F scoring model was then constructed based on the E2F-related prognostic genes. Evidence supported the E2F score as an independent and effective prognostic factor and predictor of immunotherapy response. A gene-set analysis correlated E2F score with the characteristics of immune cell infiltration within the TME. The immunotherapy cohort database showed that patients with a higher E2F score demonstrated better survival and immune responses.

Conclusions
This study found that differences in GC prognosis might be related to the E2F patterns in the TME. The E2F scoring system developed in this study has practical value as a predictor of survival and treatment response in GC patients.
Immobilization of 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐benzoyl‐oxypiperidine succinate over polyacrylic acid (PAA) gels. I. Study of interaction between linear and network PAA with succinate of 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐benzoyl‐oxypiperidine
Authors: Zhumagalieva Sh. N. , Beisebekov M. K. , Abilov Zh. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe interaction of water‐soluble and crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA) with a medicinal compound (MC) of 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐benzoyl‐oxypiperidine succinate was investigated. By methods of potentiometry, viscosimetry, and equilibrium swelling it was confirmed that the interaction of linear and network PAA with MC proceeds with complex formation. The degree of complex formation depends on the effect of pH, MC concentration, and degree of polyacid crosslinking. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1183–1186, 2005
Outsourcing relationships between firms and their training providers: The role of trust
Authors: Gainey Thomas W. , Klaas Brian S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFirms increasingly use external vendors to provide training for their employees. And because trust has been found to be essential in successful interfirm relationships, this study identified a number of factors thought to be associated with both self‐interested trust and socially oriented trust between firms and their training suppliers. Using data obtained from 323 organizations, regression analysis suggests that idiosyncratic training, program uncertainty, vendor dependency, contractual specificity, and communication accuracy and frequency were significantly related to higher levels of trust in outsourcing relationships.
Work design theory: A review and critique with implications for human resource development
Authors: Torraco Richard J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSix theoretical perspectives on work design are examined for their contributions to our understanding of how work is organized and designed in organizations: sociotechnical systems theory, process improvement, adaptive structuration theory, the job characteristics model, technostructural change models, and activity theory. A critique of these theories raises concerns about their ability to explain the design of work in new work environments. The critique highlights the need to eliminate the discontinuity in how theory explains the structure and articulation of work among system levels. The implications of this study for further research on work design theory and for human resource development practice are discussed.
A sparse algorithm for the evaluation of the local energy in quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Salomón‐Ferrer Romelia , Austin Brian , Lester William A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new algorithm is presented for the sparse representation and evaluation of Slater determinants in the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method. The approach, combined with the use of localized orbitals in a Slater‐type orbital basis set, significantly extends the size molecule that can be treated with the QMC method. Application of the algorithm to systems containing up to 390 electrons confirms that the cost of evaluating the Slater determinant scales linearly with system size. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 708–715, 2005
Cerebral blood flow measurement without absolute input function value for PET O‐15 injection method
Authors: Matsuda Tadashige 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a method of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement using PET data and an input function not involving the absolute concentration value of radioactivity. The value of the input function and the output function can be obtained from clinical data by regression analysis. The input and output functions are transformed to their Fourier image functions by the Fourier transform. The transfer function of the differential equation of a compartment model is obtained from these image functions. The CBF can be estimated by transfer function regression analysis. The results of the proposed and conventional methods are compared. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 20–26, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20160
Commonality and variability analysis in industrial practice for product line improvement
Authors: Ramachandran Muthu , Allen Pat 
Published: March 2005

AbstractProduct lines have a long and successful history of hardware component reuse, but large‐scale reuse of software has been much more difficult to establish. The difficulties inherent in building software systems for product families have been widely recognised. This article introduces a method for analysing requirements for their scope, and for their potential to be candidate requirements for a product family–oriented development. The article also discusses the results and lessons learned from an industrial application (high‐end consumer electronic products). Our approach to product line is a combination of integrating and leveraging the existing product line. The method also emphasises product line evolution using well‐engineered components. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐rise building cladding drift accommodation
Authors: Carpenter Lauren D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHigh‐rise building structural system designs are more often ‘controlled’ by considerations of wind drift for cladding and motion perception and in seismic areas drift due to seismic loadings. The design of cladding for accommodation of building drift varies by structural system since some systems are inherently more flexible. Building displacements and corresponding interstory drift ratios at code static response spectra level are presented. In order to form a current perspective on drift accommodation requirements, the provisions in the UBC, NEHRP provisions for new buildings, NEHRP provisions for rehabilitation, etc. are summarized. Some comparisons of elastic and inelastic displacements and code drift limits are also included. Tests on glass systems and precast panel systems are summarized and compared to code drift limits. An overview of typical cladding testing for high‐rise cladding systems is also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐ and four‐dimensional freehand fetal echocardiography: a feasibility study using a hand‐held Doppler probe for cardiac gating
Authors: Herberg U. , Goldberg H. , Breuer J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical feasibility of the signal from a hand‐held Doppler probe as a real‐time tracking signal for dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) (so‐called four‐dimensional (4D)) fetal echocardiography in a random patient cohort.MethodsSeventy fetuses, with and without congenital heart disease, at various gestational ages (mean, 25 weeks; range, 18–38 weeks) were investigated using freehand 3D echocardiography. Time gating was achieved concurrently by obtaining a Doppler signal of the fetal heart without further signal averaging. In 10 fetuses, Doppler gating was compared to cardiotocogram (CTG)‐gated 3D echo using signal averaging. Gray‐scale and color Doppler dynamic 3D displays and multiplanar views were assessed according to their ability to accurately depict cardiac gating and cardiac morphology.ResultsIn 68/70 fetuses, valid Doppler‐based trigger signals were obtained. Correct cardiac gating was achieved in 231/275 (84%) 4D datasets. Doppler tracing of the fetal heart allowed beat‐to‐beat triggering without the necessity for signal averaging. Doppler gating detected rapid changes in the fetal heart rate more reliably than CTG gating, but was more sensitive to acoustic interference between the gating and echo‐transducer when color‐coded Doppler imaging was used. Image quality was highly dependent on random motion and the acoustic window. A total of 171/231 (74%) correctly gated datasets successfully demonstrated clinically useful 4D images of the fetal heart. The reconstruction of 3D and multiplanar views provided additional views not obtainable by two‐dimensional imaging.ConclusionThese results show that a hand‐held Doppler probe can be used as a reliable online gating source for 4D fetal echocardiography. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of phosphate adsorbed on aluminium oxyhydroxide and oxide phases by nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Kim Y. , Kirkpatrick R. J. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryThe adsorption of phosphate by soil minerals controls availability of P to plants, but the chemical environments of adsorbed phosphate are poorly known. We used 31P MAS NMR to study the adsorption of phosphate on to boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) and γ‐Al2O3 with large surface areas. The solid phases were reacted in 0.1 m phosphate solutions at pH from 3 to 11 and in solutions with pH 5 at concentrations from 10−1 m to 10−4 m. The spectra suggested three different phosphate environments: (i) orthophosphate precipitated from the residual solution after vacuum filtering, (ii) surface‐adsorbed phosphate in inner‐sphere complexes, and (iii) Al‐phosphate precipitates on the surfaces of the minerals. The chemical shifts of both the inner‐sphere complexes and surface precipitates became progressively less shielded with increasing pH and decreasing concentration of phosphate solution. For the inner‐sphere complexes, we interpret these changes to be the result of decreasing phosphate protonation combined with rapid proton exchange among phosphate tetrahedra with different numbers of protons, which causes peak averaging. The chemical shifts of 31P of the Al‐phosphate precipitates were more negative than those of the surface phosphates at a given pH and solution concentration, probably because of a larger number of P–O–Al linkages per tetrahedron. The observed trend of decreasing shielding is probably due to the decreasing average number of P–O–Al linkages per tetrahedron combined with decreasing protonation and an increasing number of K+ next‐nearest neighbours. Even at small concentrations of phosphate solution, a significant amount of Al‐phosphate precipitate was present.
Psychologic changes after a gynecologic cancer
Authors: Petersen Rodney W. , Graham Gaynor , Quinlivan Julie A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to explore the wider psychologic symptomatology experienced by women with a new diagnosis of a gynecologic cancer at the point of diagnosis and 6 weeks later.Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out with ethics committee approval and informed consent. Women were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in Australia over an 8‐month period. In order to cover a diverse range of potential symptomatology, we utilized the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)‐90, which covers 90 separate psychologic symptoms that can then be coded into eight domains. Women also completed questions relating to their perceived level of social support, and demographic data were collated separately.Results: Key findings were that levels of symptomatology remained uniform across the first 6 weeks following the diagnosis of the cancer regardless of the site of the cancer. Across the spectrum of symptomatology domains, the median scores were all higher in women with poor social supports compared with those with higher social support levels at 6 weeks. Statistically significant differences were observed in the domains of phobic‐anxiety, retarded depression, and agitated depression at 6 weeks’ follow up.Conclusion: Women with a new diagnosis of a gynecologic cancer experience diverse psychologic symptomatology. Symptoms persist over the first 6 weeks and are higher in women with poor social supports. Screening of women for adequate social support structure and targeted interventions to resolve symptomatology need to be tailored to the type of symptoms experienced.
Review article: current status of liver transplantation in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Neff G. W. , Sherman K. E. , Eghtesad B. , Fung J. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryThe increases in survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus is attributed to the introduction of combination human immunodeficiency virus antiviral therapy, better known as highly active anti‐retroviral therapy. In fact, survival statistics have improved such that individuals often succumb to other disease entities, notably liver failure and not from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complications. Liver transplantation has been introduction in this patient population in several centres around the world. This review will discuss the current clinical status of liver transplantation in individuals suffering from human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Influence of prey species on immature survival, development, predation and reproduction of Coccinella transversalis Fabricius (Col., Coccinellidae)
Authors: Omkar  , James B. E. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract:Six aphid species, viz. Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nerii, Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi and Uroleucon compositae were provided as prey to the feeding stages of Coccinella transversalis (Fabricius). All of them were found to be essential prey, however the relative prey suitability varied. All the predatory stages of C. transversalis consumed and preferred A. gossypii, the most and A. nerii, the least. Significant effect of prey quality was observed on pre‐imaginal developmental periods, wet weights and adult longevity. The complete development was shortest on A. gossypii (13.01 ± 0.18 days) and longest on A. nerii (20.51 ± 0.25 days). The total prey consumption by larva, adult male and female in their lifetime was maximum (665.30 ± 5.75, 4831.10 ± 123.54 and 5412.30 ± 94.51, respectively) on A. gossypii and minimum (434.80 ± 4.03, 802.80 ± 34.37 and 905.20 ± 52.48, respectively) on A. nerii. Immature survival, growth index and adult emergence of C. transversalis was maximum (68.33, 7.82 and 88.21%, respectively) when larval instars consumed A. gossypii and minimum (37.75, 2.18 and 60.69%, respectively) after feeding on A. nerii. Female reproduction was also prey quality dependent showing maximum reproductive performance in terms of fecundity and percentage viability, with a highest reproductive period and lowest non‐reproductive period on A. gossypii, followed by A. craccivora, L. erysimi, M. persicae, U. compositae and A. nerii. Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between: (1) daily prey consumption and relative growth rate, (2) adult weight and developmental rate, (3) weights of adult male and female, and (4) female longevity and fecundity.
The evolution of Ca2+ signalling in photosynthetic eukaryotes
Authors: Bothwell John H. F. , Ng Carl K.‐Y. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryIt is likely that cytosolic Ca2+ elevations have played a part in eukaryotic signal transduction for about the last 2 Gyr, being mediated by a group of molecules which are collectively known as the [Ca2+]cyt signalling toolkit. Different eukaryotes often display strikingly similar [Ca2+]cyt signalling elevations, which may reflect conservation of toolkit components (homology) or similar constraints acting on different toolkits (homoplasy). Certain toolkit components, which are presumably ancestral, are shared by plants and animals, but some components are unique to photosynthetic organisms. We propose that the structure of modern plant [Ca2+]cyt signalling toolkits may be explained by their modular adaptation from earlier pathways.

Contents

Summary
21

I.
Introduction
21

II.
Homology vs homoplasy
22

III.
The structure and variation of [Ca2+]cyt signalling pathways
27

IV.
A putative course of descent for plant [Ca2+]cyt signalling
29

V.
Conclusion
33

Acknowledgements
34

References
34
Can Computer‐Generated Evidence‐Based Care Suggestions Enhance Evidence‐Based Management of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Tierney William M. , Overhage J. Marc , Murray Michael D. , Harris Lisa E. , Zhou Xiao‐Hua , Eckert George J. , Smith Faye E. , Nienaber Nancy , McDonald Clement J. , Wolinsky Fredric D. 
Published: March 2005

Objective. Translation of evidence‐based guidelines into clinical practice has been inconsistent. We performed a randomized, controlled trial of guideline‐based care suggestions delivered to physicians when writing orders on computer workstations.Study Setting. Inner‐city academic general internal medicine practice.Study Design. Randomized, controlled trial of 246 physicians (25 percent faculty general internists, 75 percent internal medicine residents) and 20 outpatient pharmacists. We enrolled 706 of their primary care patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Care suggestions concerning drugs and monitoring were delivered to a random half of the physicians and pharmacists when writing orders or filling prescriptions using computer workstations. A 2 × 2 factorial randomization of practice sessions and pharmacists resulted in four groups of patients: physician intervention, pharmacist intervention, both interventions, and controls.Data Extraction/Collection Methods. Adherence to the guidelines and clinical activity was assessed using patients' electronic medical records. Health‐related quality of life, medication adherence, and satisfaction with care were assessed using telephone questionnaires.Principal Findings. During their year in the study, patients made an average of five scheduled primary care visits. There were no differences between groups in adherence to the care suggestions, generic or condition‐specific quality of life, satisfaction with physicians or pharmacists, medication compliance, emergency department visits, or hospitalizations. Physicians receiving the intervention had significantly higher total health care costs. Physician attitudes toward guidelines were mixed.Conclusions. Care suggestions shown to physicians and pharmacists on computer workstations had no effect on the delivery or outcomes of care for patients with reactive airways disease.
Attribution of Recent Temperature Changes in the Australian Region
Authors: Karoly David J. , Braganza Karl 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Variations of Australian-average mean temperature and diurnal temperature range over the twentieth century are investigated. The observed interannual variability of both is simulated reasonably well by a number of climate models, but they do not simulate the observed relationship between the two. Comparison of the observed warming and reduction in diurnal temperature range with climate model simulations shows that Australian temperature changes over the twentieth century were very unlikely to be due to natural climate variations alone. It is likely that there has been a significant contribution to the observed warming during the second half of the century from increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols.
Preparation and Properties of Acetylated and Propionylated Wood-Silicate Composite
Authors: Li J.-Z. , Furuno T. , Katoh S. 
Published: March 2005

Summary
Acetylated wood-silicate (AWS) composites and propionylated wood-silicate (PWS) composites were
prepared and their dimensional stability and flame resistance evaluated. The results displayed that: (1)
With the existing of silicate gels, the AWS and PWS composites showed lower values of bulking coefficient
(B), antiswelling efficiency (ASE) during water and moisture absorptions, and moisture excluding
efficiency (MEE) than the corresponding acetylated wood and propionylated woods, but the AWS
and PWS composites still exhibited a fairly good dimensional stability. (2) The oxygen indexes (OIs) of
the AWS and PWS composites were higher than those of untreated wood specimens, and increased with
an increase in weight percent gain (WPGs) of silicate gel, endowing them with flame-resistance.