bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Horizontal Corneal Diameter on Corneal Tomography and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display of Pentacam Corneal Tomography
Authors: Harras Mohamed , Shalaby Said Mohamed , Elbedewy Hazem , Elkadim Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Aims: To detect the influence of WTW on corneal tomography parameters and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display indices.
Study Design: interventional, retrospective, non-controlled, non-comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of ophthalmology (Tanta university) and Eshrak Eye Hospital, between January 2019 and December 2021.
Methodology: we collected the preoperative Pentacam images of 126 patients (252 eyes) underwent Laser Vision Correction. Correlations were performed between WTW and Pentacam findings (anterior, posterior K readings, anterior, posterior Astigmatism, Thinnest location (TL), and BAD indices: Db, Db, Dt, Da, Dp, D).
Results: WTW shows a negative correlation with KM (P = < 0.001; r = -0.43), posterior KM (P = < 0.001; r = -0.51), Kmax (P = < 0.001; r = -0.43), posterior corneal astigmatism (P = 0.002; r = -0.218) and TL (P = 0.012; r 34 = -0.17), and a positive correlation with anterior corneal astigmatism (P = 0.038; r = 0.148), There was a negative correlation between the corneal diameter and Db (r = - 0.35 ; P = <0.001), Dp (r = - 0.09 ; P = 0.02) and with final (D) (r = - 0.16; P = <0.095) and a positive correlation with Dt (r=+0.25. P =0.003).
Conclusion: Corneal diameter influences corneal curvature and pachymetry. It also influences BAD display; small diameter is associated with steep cornea and can give a false impression of corneal ectasia in BAD display.
Women Empowerment for Sustainable Social Development: Interlinkages and Dynamics
Authors: Chatterjee Babita , Malakar Kousik Das 
Published: October 2023

Gender is a social function that does not exist in a vacuum. It is influenced by caste, class, ethnicity, and race, forming a complex matrix. This article considers the Garhbeta-II Community Development Block (CDB) of West Bengal. The authors have observed that women contribute almost equally to their families as their husbands in the study area. They cannot apply their democratic right to make decisions in their own lives. They have no agency or institution to care for their feelings and ideas. Therefore, the social lives of the women of the region are hampered. Gender inequality impoverishes a nation and creates constraints for holistic social development. Empowerment eliminates disparities and injustices against women. This study aims to a reorientation of the present social structure. It employed a case study method to attain the study goals. A specialized policy framework, special funding, and reservations in every social sector are required to ensure these marginalized women's social exclusion. The administration should focus on women's capacity building to minimize the gender gap.
Reconfigurable Cascaded Thermal Neuristors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Qiu Erbin , Zhang Yuan‐Hang , Ventra Massimiliano Di , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile the complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is the mainstream for the hardware implementation of neural networks, an alternative route is explored based on a new class of spiking oscillators called “thermal neuristors”, which operate and interact solely via thermal processes. Utilizing the insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) in vanadium dioxide, a wide variety of reconfigurable electrical dynamics mirroring biological neurons is demonstrated. Notably, inhibitory functionality is achieved just in a single oxide device, and cascaded information flow is realized exclusively through thermal interactions. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the neuristors, a detailed theoretical model is developed, which accurately reflects the experimental results. This study establishes the foundation for scalable and energy‐efficient thermal neural networks, fostering progress in brain‐inspired computing.
Activity budget and seasonal activity shifts in sympatric lemurs: Increased lean season effort in a cathemeral frugivore contrasts with energy conservation in a diurnal folivore
Authors: Rahalinarivo Vololonirina , Rakotomanana Hajanirina Fanomezantsoa , Randrianasy Jeannot , Ranaivoarisoa Jean Freddy , Ramorasata Bruno , Raharison Jean Luc Fanomezantsoa , Irwin Mitchell 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the most fundamental aspects of a species’ behavioral strategy is its activity budget; for primates this generally involves the allocation of available time among resting, feeding, traveling, and social behavior. Comparisons between species, populations, or individuals can reveal divergences in adaptive strategies and current stressors, and reflect responses to such diverse pressures as predation, thermoregulation, nutrition, and social needs. Further, variation across seasons is an important part of behavioral strategies to survive food scarcity; this can involve increasing or decreasing effort. We documented activity over the 24‐h cycle for the cathemeral, frugivorous Eulemur fulvus and the diurnal, folivorous Propithecus diadema across 13–18 months at Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar. Their activity budgets were dominated by resting (E. fulvus: 74.1%; P. diadema: 85.2%), followed by feeding (15.8%, 12.4%), traveling (9.31%, 1.74%) and social activities (0.76%, 0.70%), respectively. The lower feeding and higher resting in P. diadema likely reflect slower gastrointestinal transit and higher reliance on microbial fermentation to extract energy from fibrous food. The two species showed opposite lean season strategies. E. fulvus increased activity, with more feeding but less travel time, consistent with a shift to less‐profitable fruits, and some leaves and flowers, while increasing feeding effort to compensate (“energy maximizing”). P. diadema showed less variation across months, but the lean season still evoked reduced effort across the board (feeding, travel, and social behavior), consistent with a “time minimizing” strategy prioritizing energy conservation and microbe‐assisted digestion. Understanding these divergent shifts is key to understanding natural behavior and the extent of behavioral flexibility under stressful conditions. Finally, the complex patterns of fruit availability (intra‐ and interannually) and the species’ behavioral responses across months underscore the need to move beyond simplistic “lean/abundant season” and “fruit/leaf” dichotomies in understanding underlying energetic strategies, and species’ vulnerability to habitat change.
Reactive Interactions between the Ionic Liquid BMP‐TFSI and a Na Surface
Authors: Forster‐Tonigold Katrin , Buchner Florian , Groß Axel , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to obtain atomistic insights into the initial stages of the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Na ion or Na metal batteries, we employ surface chemistry experiments and DFT calculations to study the interactions and reactions between a Na surface and the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP‐TFSI), a candidate to be used as electrolyte in batteries. Oxygen‐free Na thin films, which were grown on Ru(0001) and characterized by X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS), can be understood as model of a Na‐rich electrode. After deposition of submonolayer to multilayer BMP‐TFSI films on the Na thin films at room temperature, XPS measurements revealed partial decomposition and the formation of a ‘contact layer’ at the Na surface, consisting of mainly TFSI‐based decomposition products. By comparison to core level binding energies obtained from density functional theory calculations for energetically feasible reaction products, the constituents of the ‘contact layer’ were identified both as atomic fragments of TFSI (F, O, S) and as larger fragments of TFSI (NSO2CF3, NSO2CF3SO2), presumably remaining at the surface due to kinetic barriers. Increasing the temperature results in cumulative decomposition towards the stable atomic species at or within the Na surface.
Beitrag zur inneren Oxydation von Nickel‐Legierungen
Authors: Schwarzkopf Walter M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternal oxidation in binary alloys of nickel with chromium or aluminum is possible only if the concentration is kept below 9 weight‐percent for chromium respectively 4 weight‐percent for aluminum. With higher concentration the increased velocity of diffusion of the admixed metals creates surface oxidation.With a concentration of 2 weight‐percent of aluminum the size of the oxyde particles changes as a function of oxidation temperature from 10 micron to 0, 1 micron, if the temperature decreases from 1300 °C to 700 °C.
Über Assoziationsgleichgewichte von Systemen aus tertiären Aminen und Alkoholen
Authors: Kolbe Alfred , Pracejus Horst 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEs wird über Untersuchungen berichtet, in deren Verlauf die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Assoziatbildung zwischen tertiären Aminen und verschiedenen Alkoholen, besonders Methanol, im Temperaturbereich von −78 bis 60°C IR‐spektroskopisch vermessen wurden. Als Lösungsmittel wurde Toluol verwandt. Die ausschließliche Annahme von 1:1‐Assoziaten gestattete in den meisten Fällen eine widerspruchsfreie Berechnung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten, deren Größe je nach Temperatur, Basizität und sterischen Einflüssen über einen Bereich von mehreren Größenordnungen variiert. Die aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gleichgewichtskonstanten oder durch kalorimetrische Messungen bestimmten Enthalpien liegen zwischen 2,5 und 7,0 kcal/mol. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich im Sinne einer Brönstedt‐Beziehung diskutieren, soweit nicht sterische Hinderungen die Werte für die Gleichgewichtskonstanten und die Enthalpien herabsetzen. Mit steigender Basizitat der Amine und zunehmender Acidität der Alkohole nimmt Δ v̄OH zu. Die Messung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten bei Verwendung von d‐Methanol liefert beträchtliche thermodynamische Isotopeneffekte.
Determinants of the purchase intention of non‐fungible token collectibles
Authors: Fortagne Marius Arved , Lis Bettina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDisrupting the concept of ownership in the digital space, non‐fungible tokens (NFTs) have created unprecedented market opportunities and captivated millions of investors. Characterized by artificial scarcity and ensured authenticity, the technical implementation establishes novel parameters for digital ownership and collecting, underscoring a research gap where the determinants of consumer behavior are yet to be studied. This paper presents a research model based on the Stimulus‐Organism‐Response (SOR) model to investigate consumers' purchase intention of NFT‐based collectibles (NFTC) for the first time. To develop our model, we identified distinctive NFTC features (functionality, scarcity, aesthetics, and price value) and blockchain characteristics (security and privacy) affecting the utilitarian and hedonic attitude towards NFTC and finally shape NFTC purchase intention. For empirical validation, we conducted an online survey among an NFT‐interested target group (N = 356) and analyzed the results by structural equation modeling with SPSS Amos. Findings indicate that the utilitarian attitude toward NFTC is affected by perceived functionality and price value from the product side, and perceived blockchain security and privacy from the technology side. The hedonistic attitude toward NFTC is shaped by perceived functionality, scarcity, and aesthetics. Both attitudes, utilitarian and hedonistic, demonstrate a significant impact on purchase intention. A subsequent mediation analysis confirms that NFTC and blockchain characteristics have an indirect effect on purchase intention. In the under‐investigated interface of blockchain technology, digital ownership, and consumer behavior, this work enriches the digital ownership discourse by demonstrating how NFTC create consumer value through product and technology features.
Significance of early treatment in granulomatosis with polyangiitis vasculitis
Authors: Gavica Jenifer Centeno , Raymond Leslie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVasculitis is a multisystemic disease that affects vessels of different sizes. Its presentation can vary widely depending on the system involved. It may present with constitutional symptoms or with specific features of end‐organ involvement. The diagnosis is built on a compatible pattern of clinical features supported by specific serological or radiological investigations and confirmatory biopsy. Tissue biopsy is vital to confirm the diagnosis of vasculitis; however, this should not delay treatment when presentation strongly suggests vasculitis. We describe a case of a 72‐year‐old man treated with steroids, plasma exchange, and rituximab for suspected granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) given his clinical presentation including suspected scleritis of the right eye, hearing changes, sinusitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary lesions, kidney failure, palpable purpura, and radiological evidence of pansinusitis and pulmonary lesions without waiting for serology or tissue confirmation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the clinical features of GPA to initiate prompt treatment as it can progress rapidly and be fatal.
Merging Radical Brook Rearrangement and 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer: Facile Synthesis of Ketone‐Containing ɑ‐Fluoroalkyl Alcohols
Authors: Li Zhengyu , Chen Xiang , Peng Changchun , Xu Yun , Wang Hongmin , Liu Shanshan , Shen Xiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a cascade process that is initiated by radical Brook rearrangement and promoted by 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer. A series of α‐fluoroalkyl alkyl secondary alcohols were synthesized with unactivated terminal olefins and α‐fluoroalkyl‐α‐silyl methanols. The strategy features mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope. The diversified down‐stream transformations demonstrated the synthetic potential of the reaction.
Facile Construction of Alloy‐Metal Oxide Interfaces Boosting the One‐Pot Conversion Of Methyl Levulinate to 1,4‐Pentanediol
Authors: Wei Yan , Shi Weiming , Cao Mingxiu , Gong Ling , Li Jifan , Liu Chun‐ling , Dong Wen‐Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, a series of N‐doped carbon supported FeCo bimetallic catalysts with plentiful FeCo alloy‐FeO interfaces, which are derived from metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) ZIF‐67, are designed for the one‐pot direct conversion of methyl levulinate to 1,4‐pentanediol. The FeCo alloy‐FeO interfaces are precisely controlled via tuning the reduction temperatures and Fe/Co ratios. The optimal catalyst gives a high 1,4‐pentanediol yield of 90.5 % along with complete conversion of methyl levulinate. These catalysts are carefully characterized by multiple techniques, such as HRTEM, XRD, XPS, NH3−TPD, and Py−IR. It is found that Co presents in electron deficiency caused by the electron transference from Co to Fe in FeCo alloy, which in turn enhances the heterolysis of H2. In addition, plentiful Lewis acid sites derived from interfacial FeO species favour the re‐adsorption and the ring‐opening reaction of γ‐valerolactone. With the synergy between FeCo alloy and Lewis acid, the FeCo alloy‐FeO interfaces exhibit excellent catalytic activity for selective hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to 1,4‐pentanediol.
Malt quality profile of barley predicted by near‐infrared spectroscopy using partial least squares, Bayesian regression, and artificial neural network models
Authors: Ajayi Oyeyemi O. , Akinyemi Lanre , Adeniyi Atanda Sikiru , Walling Jason G. , Mahalingam Ramamurthy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to the significant cost and time involved in identifying barley lines with superior malting quality, the malting industry is searching for accurate and rapid methods to expedite the selection of superior barley lines that meet breeder's goals. The aim of this study is to compare partial least squares regression (PLSR) with advanced statistical models (Bayesian and machine learning) and reliably assess their performance in predicting malt quality traits from near infra‐red (NIR) spectral data using barley grains. Using spectral data as predictors and the malt quality traits as references, PLSR outperformed Bayesian and PCA‐ANN models for diastatic power (DP), alpha amylase (AA), malt extract (ME), wort protein (WP), soluble to total protein (S/T) ratio, and free amino nitrogen (FAN). WP had the best prediction performance for all models, with the best‐performing model, PLSR, having
(RPD) values of 0.55 (1.5). The influential wavelength regions identified based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) scores and coefficient estimates for PLSR and Bayesian models, respectively, were comparatively similar for all malt quality traits. Based on these findings, PLSR analysis and wavelength selection techniques would enhance the future design and optimization of NIR prediction models in malt quality improvement programs.
Development and initial validation of the Comprehensive Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Tool
Authors: Shoaee Shervan , Heydari Mohammad‐Hossein , Hessari Hossein , Mehrdad Neda , Khalilazar Laleh , Hatami Bahareh , Sharifi Farshad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesImproving the oral health of the elderly is crucial to improving their general health and quality of life. To reach this goal, it is necessary to start with a comprehensive oral health assessment and a detailed treatment plan. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop a comprehensive Oral Health Assessment Tool for the geriatric population.Material and MethodsFollowing a panel of experts' consultation, a clinical form and a self‐assessment questionnaire were developed, encompassing eight domains: dental caries, periodontal diseases, partial and complete edentulism, oral soft tissue lesions, occlusion, xerostomia, temporomandibular joints, and oral or oral prostheses hygiene. Subsequently, a pilot study was conducted to appraise the clinical form and questionnaire involving 84 residents of an Iranian nursing home. After securing ethics approval, both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the self‐assessment questions' validity and reliability were assessed, and specificity and sensitivity were calculated.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 69.8 (±4.1) years, and 86% had less than 12 years of education. The questions regarding the number of remaining teeth and the number of decayed teeth had the highest sensitivity (97% and 88%), respectively. Questions regarding the presence of periodontitis and gingivitis had the highest specificity (both 100%).ConclusionsA Comprehensive Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Tool has been developed and its validity and reliability evaluated in a pilot study. It should now be further evaluated in larger studies.
Ontogenetic variation in the ecological stoichiometry of 10 fish species during early development
Authors: Downs Kelsea N. , Kelly Patrick T. , Ascanio Alfredo , Vanni Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe chemical composition and stoichiometry of vertebrate bodies changes greatly during ontogeny as phosphorus‐rich bones form, but we know little about the variation among species during early development. Such variation is important because element ratios in animal bodies influence which element limits growth and how animals contribute to nutrient cycling. We quantified ontogenetic variation from embryos through 2–3 months of age in 10 species of fish in six different families, ranging in adult size from 73 to 720 mm in length. We measured whole‐body concentrations (percentage of dry mass) and ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) as fish developed. We also quantified whole‐body concentrations of calcium (Ca), because Ca should reflect bone development, and RNA, which can be a major pool of body P. To account for interspecific differences in adult size, we also examined how trends changed with relative size, defined as body length divided by adult length. Ontogenetic changes in body composition and ratios were relatively similar among species and were more similar when expressed as a function of relative size compared to age. Body P increased rapidly in all species (likely because of bone development) from embryos until individuals were ~5%–8% of adult size. Body N also increased, while body C, C:N, C:P, and N:P all decreased over this period. Body Ca increased with development but was more variable among species. Body RNA was low in embryos, increased rapidly in young larvae, then decreased as fish reached 5%–8% of adult size. After fish were about 5%–8% of adult size, changes in body composition were relatively slight for all elements and ratios. These results reveal a consistency in the dynamics of body stoichiometry during early ontogeny, presumably because of similar constraints on the allocation of elements to bones and other body pools. Because most changes occur when individuals are <1 month old (<10% of adult size for that species), early ontogenetic variation in body stoichiometry may be especially important for growth limitation of individuals and ecosystem‐level nutrient cycling.
In‐situ remediation of TPH‐polluted soil by Na2FeO4 in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Yan Yuan , Wang Yajun , Zhang Yurong , Bu Xudong , Dong Wantao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the oil pollution problem on the Loess Plateau in western China is becoming increasingly serious, therefore, the use of hydroxyl radical (·OH) advanced oxidation process has increased due to its ability to efficiently degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in soil. However, the ability to produce ·OH of different oxidants varies widely, and the removal effect of specific pollutants has fluctuations and differences. The objective of this study is to screen the best oxidant according to the physico‐chemical properties and pollution situation of polluted soil, and to reveal the degradation mechanism of pollutants. In this study, we employed sodium ferrate (Na2FeO4) to produce ·OH for the degradation of TPHs in aged oil‐polluted soil located in the western part of the Loess Plateau in China. The results showed that the removal rates of TPH in the soil samples by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium persulfate (Na2SO4) and Na2FeO4 could reach 45.5%, 62.4%, and 65.6% respectively. The ·OH produced during the process played a major role in TPH oxidation with a contribution of more than 80%; H2O2 was intermediate substance that generated ·OH, biochar could induce the production of ·OH, the addition of biochar could activate H2O2 to promote the generation of ·OH and the removal rate is significantly increased by 19.2%. In situ remediation of polluted soil on the Loess Plateau using Na2FeO4, with a TPH degradation rate of 87.5%. The results of this study will provide a new method for the efficient degradation of TPH in loessial soil.