bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper‐Tungsten Shaped Charge Liner and its Jet
Authors: Tie‐Fu Wang , He‐Rong Zhu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe use of copper‐tungsten alloys for shaped charge liners leads to an improving of the jet penetrability into an homogeneous steel target. In comparison with copper jets, the penetration depth can be increased by a factor 1.3. The improving is due to the increasing of both the density and the break‐up time. Copper‐tungsten shaped charge jets and their aspect of break‐up were investigated by flash radiography. Both the effect of rotation of copper‐tungsten jets and their standoff performance were examined.
Liquid‐phase nucleation and evolution as a cause of superplasticity in alloys of the Al–Ge system
Authors: Bryukhovetsky V. V. , Kuznetsova R. I. , Zhukov N. N. , Poida V. P. , Klepikov V. F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of phase transformations taking place under conditions of superplastic flow in the matrix alloys of the Al–Ge system was studied. It has been found that these alloys manifest superplasticity in the nonequilibrium state that is characterized by the presence of the metastable liquid phase in their structure. It is shown that the liquid‐phase formation in the Al–Ge alloys is due to the effect of contact melting. The time of existence of the liquid phase in these alloys correlates with the time of superplastic deformation. The liquid‐phase formation is considered as a cause of superplasticity in the alloys under study. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new polymer thin film with electrical bistable states
Authors: Jiang Yiming , Wan Xinggong , Guo Feng , Xie Hengbo , Liu Ping , Li Jin 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThin film polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) with electrical bistable states at room temperature has been obtained by vacuum deposition. The grain size of the film was less than 100 nm with a roughness of a few nanometers. This film showed a good thermal stability up to 150 °C. The impedance of the film can be changed from a high‐impedance state to a conductive state when a voltage higher than 3.5 V is applied, and the transition time was less than 20 ns. This material is suitable for producing ultrahigh‐capacity memory. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measuring the junction temperature of III‐nitride light emitting diodes using electro‐luminescence shift
Authors: Cho Jaehee , Sone Cheolsoo , Park Yongjo , Yoon Euijoon 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe junction temperature rise of light emitting diodes due to self‐heating effects during operation of the LED is measured using the electro‐luminescence of the band‐to‐band recombination. This method is useful for the junction temperature monitoring of small geometry devices, indirectly. The junction temperature measured in InGaN/GaN multi‐quantum well LEDs with 1 mm2 device size rises to 180 °C when the input current is 380 mA. The relationship between the junction temperature and the LED efficiency is clarified with experimental results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, characterization and ESR measurements of CoNiO nanoparticles
Authors: Köseoğlu Y. , Yıldız F. , Slazar‐Alvarez G. , Toprak M. , Muhammed M. , Aktaş B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPowders of cobalt core with a nickel (II) oxide shell (CoNiO) have been studied by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) technique in the temperature range of 10–300 K. A strong and broad (1300 G) single ESR peak in X‐, K‐ and Q‐band spectra has been observed at all the temperature ranges. While the resonance field remains almost constant, both the ESR line intensity and the line width were seen to increase first slowly down to Tc = 160 K. And then both the resonance field and the ESR signal intensity decrease and the line width increase with decreasing temperature. Below Tc the intensity smoothly decrease down to 10 K. This kind of behavior is attributed to a typical spin‐glass like behavior. Some small and relatively smooth changes at about 60 K, 90 K, 210 K, and 250 K are appeared as well. A linear dependence of resonance field to microwave frequency is observed at room temperatures and the effective g‐value and internal field are theoretically found as 2,17 and 90 G, respectively. The experimental data indicate a very strong spin disorder (spin frustration) due to antiferromagnetic exchange interactions among the spins. This is attributed to the D‐M anisotropy on the particle surfaces that it is expected to enhance due to increment of surface‐to‐volume ratio. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and transport properties of coherently strained La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/SrTiO3superlattices
Authors: Lu Yafeng , Klein J. , Herbstritt F. , Philipp J. B. , Marx A. , Alff L. , Gross R. , Zhang H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have prepared high quality, coherently strained La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/SrTiO3superlattices with different modulation periods by laser molecular beam epitaxy on (001) SrTiO3and NdGaO3substrates. A detailed structural characterization was performed by high‐angle X‐ray diffraction (HAXRD) and low‐angle X‐ray reflectivity (LAXRR). All superlattices are very flat, show excellent structural coherence and very small mosaic spread (0.02°). The in‐plane coherency strain was varied by changing the thickness ratio of the constituent layers allowing for a systematic variation of the resulting tetragonal distortion of LCMO. Thec‐axis lattice parameter of LCMO could be continuously changed from 3.87 Å to 3.79 Å. The interface roughness was analyzed by offset low‐angle X‐ray reflectivity and low‐angle rocking curve measurements. It was found to be of the order of one unit cell with a significant part of the roughness being vertically correlated. The strain induced tetragonal distortion of LCMO was found to cause strong reduction of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition temperature from about 260 to 120 K and an increase of resistivity. The transport properties in the paramagnetic regime could be well described by a small polaron hopping model. The lattice distortions were found to result in a significant increase of the polaron trapping energy. Our results show that coherently strain superlattices are an interesting model system for the systematic study of the effect of lattice distortions on the magnetic and electronic properties of the doped manganites. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure, stability and electronic properties of TiO2 nanostructures
Authors: Enyashin Andrey N. , Seifert Gotthard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe front cover of this issue depicts a view of two types of lepidocrocite‐based cylindrical nanotubes (TiO2, light grey – titanium, red – oxygen). These structures represent examples of a manifold of stable tubular forms of the titania layer modifications anatase and lepidocrocite. These structures were obtained using density‐functional based calculations and characterize the essen‐tial structural features of synthesized titania nanotubes.Andrey Enyashin is a PhD student at the Institute of Solid State Chemistry at the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Ekaterinburg. He performed this study during a visit at the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (IPEC) of the TU Dresden together with Gotthard Seifert. Professor Seifert is head of the theory group at the IPEC. His research interests are in the areas of quantum chemistry, cluster physics and computational materials research.
Study of clusters by mass spectrometry
Authors: Stamatović A. S. , Maerk T. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA review of mass spectrometric methods used to study different kinds of clusters is presented. These methods have proved to be indispensable in the cluster field owing to their great flexibility, sensitivity and wide dynamic range. This reviews presents new mass spectrometric methods and techniques such as quadrupole analysers and RF lenses, different ion‐trap geometries, time‐of‐flight (TOF) methods including the reflectron geometry). A variety of ionization methods, both for the production of positive and negative ions, with different amounts of released excess energy, are discussed in detail. Special attention is given to different degree of post‐ionization fragmentaqtion and metastability of ions produced by the respective ionization methods. The ability to follow the metastable decay processes in rather different time‐windows is also one of the salient features of the mass spectrometric methods reviewed here, involving both classical and new geometries. Detection of very large cluster ions by conventional methods is not always effective, and alternative methods like post‐acceleration and using a conversion dynode in front of the multiplier will be included here. Moreover, mass spectrometric methods offer the possibility of producing beams of mass‐selected cluster ions necessary for the study of a whole line of process like optical spectrometry, photodetachment, photofragmentation, photoionization, electron beam ionization, and charge‐exchange processes. Examples of these processes are also discussed in this review.
An apple II based datasystem for AES depth profiling on a varian spectrometer
Authors: Hazell L. B. , Baker C. , Dearden D. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA description is given of an Apple II based Auger spectroscopy datasystem specifically designed for depth profiling applications. Software features which are not available on commercial systems are emphasized. In particular, the utility of peak overlap and noise threshold subtraction routines are demonstrated with reference to two examples of practical profiling.
Characterization of buried interfaces in electroplated bronze wires by SIMS
Authors: Wilhartitz P. , Grasserbauer M. , Hiesböuck H. G. , Bartl C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSIMS was applied to characterize contaminations on concealed interfaces between bronze and lead–tin alloys. Carbon contaminations were found to cause diminished soldering properties whereas oxygen showed no influence. The existence of intermetallic phases at the interface zone was proved by measuring molecular ion signals of copper and tin. Sophisticated identification procedures allowed the interpretation of the complex high resolution mass spectra encountered at mass 60.
Oxygen adsorption on Ni3Al(001) by low‐energy ion beams
Authors: Shen Y. G. , O'Connor D. J. , MacDonald R. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe interaction of O with the Ni3Al(001) surface has been studied using low‐energy He+ scattering. Oxygen adsorption at an exposure of 10 L and a temperature of 700°C results in the total disappearance of the Ni ISS signal, indicating the formation of a monolayer AlOx overlayer. This oxide AlOx overlayer has been examined by measuring the azimuthal angle dependence of the scattered ion yield at fixed scattering angle under different coverages of oxygen. The azimuthal variations of the Ni and Al ISS signals from the O‐covered surface are compared with those of Ni and Al from the clean surface, and the results used to derive a value for the fractional coverage of oxygen on the surface. The analysis supports the model that the oxide initially grows in the form of islands, with no influence on remaining areas of the crystal. No evidence of the ordering of the oxide islands was observed. Further evidence of the growth of the AlOx surface. The results indicate that the remaining (uncovered) Ni3Al surface retains the crystal structure of a clean surface. The rate of growth of the AlOx islands on the Ni/3Al(001) surface was also found to be related to temperature.
Compatibility between PVC and plasticizer blends and its relation with processing
Authors: Ramos‐Devalle L. , Gonzalez‐Roa C. , Sanchez‐Adame M. , Rodriguez J. Zamora 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe compatibility of suspension PVC with various plasticizer blends was determined by means of calculated compatibility predictors, such as solubility parameters and polarity parameters, as well as actual measurements of compatibility. Then, with a torque rheometer, the temperature at the fusion peak was obtained for various PVC/plasticizer blend compositions. Finally, empirical equations were derived to relate compatibility parameters with the temperature at the fusion peak, predicting the effect of plasticizer blend on processability.
Molders' perceptions of vinyl injection molding compounds
Authors: Gruber C. M. , Gockowski N. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAs a result of advances in such properties as processability and thermal stability, vinyl may now compete with ABS and many engineering resins in a broad number of injection molding applications. However, do past experiences with PVC compounds prevent molders from quoting on new vinyl jobs? What do molders think of vinyl's physical properties and molding characteristics versus other resins? Independent research conducted in 1989 questioned a broad range of molders in the United States regarding their perception of vinyl versus other resins as an injection molding material. The results highlight the fact that molders are aware of the benefits of vinyl in finished part applications, but require training to overcome the perceptions of past molding experiences. This paper shares the results of this survey.
Vinyl bottle performance with the addition of vinyl bottle flake
Authors: Fazey Tony 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effect of adding recycled vinyl bottle flake to virgin bottle compound has been studied. Vinyl bottles contains 10 to 50% recycled vinyl bottle flake were produced on a Bekum extrusion blow molding machine. The performance properties of the vinyl bottles were evaluated, and the optimum level of recycled flake was determined.
Fluorescence yields, ωK (12 ≤ Z ≤ 42) and ω (38 ≤ Z ≤ 79), from a comparison of literature and experiments (SEM)
Authors: Hanke Wolfgang , Wernisch Johann , Pöhn Christian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA presentation of fluorescence yields, ωK and ω, in terms of dependence on Z is developed from theory, valid for x‐ray excitation by electrons, from literature data and from experiments. The results

and

are a contribution to computer‐supported quantitative x‐ray analysis.
Determination of tin in silicate rocks by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Evans John R. , Jackson John C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn accurate and precise method was developed for the determination of tin in geological materials using energydispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. Previously analyzed silicate rocks were treated as unknowns in order to evaluate statistically the precision and accuracy of the method.
Influence of non‐flat sample surface on α‐coefficients
Authors: Kuczumow A. , Helsen J. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe application of the Lachance‐Traill α‐correction algorithm assumes homogeneous samples with flat surfaces. In this paper a mathematical approach is presented describing the influence of non‐flatness of sample surfaces on the value of the α‐coeffficient. The calculation is performed on a surface consisting of regular prismatic or pyramidal grooves. The α‐coefficient is found to have a hyperbolic dependence on the slope of the solid with respect to the macroscopic surface.
Yeast mutants affected in viability upon starvation have a modified phospholipid composition
Authors: Desfarges L. , Durrens P. , Juguelin H. , Cassagne C. , Bonneu M. , Aigle M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSelection of mutations, based on the suppression of rvs161Δ defects, was performed. Ten mutants were obtained, ranged amongst four complementation groups, named SUR1, SUR2, SUR3 and SUR4. All sur mutations also suppress a mutation in another gene, RVS167, indicating that all six genes are involved in the same biological pathway. The sur mutant cells have abnormal morphologies in stationary phase, i.e. dumbbell‐like in sur1, sur2 or sur3 strains and multibudded in sur4 strains. Several phenotypic characteristics of the physiological suppressors as well as the rvs161Δ strain itself led us to analyse the phospholipid composition of the mutants. The assays show an overall decrease of the phospholipid amounts and modifications in the relative contents of some phospholipid classes in sur mutant cells.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br, a Supramolecular Assembly Featuring a Discrete [YbBr6]3− Anion
Authors: Olenev Andrei V. , Shestimerova Tatiana A. , Schnelle Walter , Shevelkov Andrei V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA novel supramolecular assembly [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br has been prepared and its structure determined. It crystallizes in a cubic space group $Pa{\bar 3}$, a = 12.362(1) Å, with Z = 4. The title compound is a bi‐compartmental supramolecular architecture that is built of a three‐dimensional [Hg6As4]4+ cationic framework trapping two types of guest anions, [YbBr6]3− and Br−, in a chessboard‐like order. [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br is a Curie‐Weiss paramagnet with a magnetic moment of 4.47 μB, which reflects the localized character of the 4f13 electrons of Yb. Thus, the whole assembly behaves as a magnetically dilute compound.
An alarming threat to the red organ pipe coral Tubipora musica and suggested solutions
Authors: Ammar Mohammed S. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEighteen sites along the southern Egyptian Red Sea coastline were surveyed for the organ pipe coral Tubipora musica with reference to relative abundance of juveniles, adults, flourishing live, traces of recently collected, traces of older collected and dead colonies. The study was done using a 30‐m long graded tape, throughout the period April 2004 to October 2004. T. musica is categorized as vulnerable according to IUCN (2001) as there is an estimated population size reduction of ≥50% over the last 10 years, based on the index of abundance and the decline in area of occupancy. Sites 3 (1 km south Dorry) and 5 (Northern Sharm El‐Fokairy), having the highest traces of recently collected Tubipora, are characterized by a lot of fishing activity as well as being near the shore, indicating insufficient shore patrolling. Flourishing live Tubipora colonies were found in considerable amounts in Wadi El Mahara, probably because of the very strong waves breaking on the reef crest, the zone containing the Tubipora colonies, making it difficult to access for collection. Juveniles of T. musica were found to be flourishing and attaching to rocks, dead corals and rubble on the reef crest of Wadi El Mahara, an observation that can be used in farming and rehabilitating other reefs denuded of the species.
Adolescent dating experiences described by Latino college students
Authors: Raffaelli Marcela 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLatino college students (M age=21.4 years) completed self‐report surveys assessing adolescent dating experiences. Compared to young men (), young women () had more limitations placed on them by parents as adolescents and began dating later. No gender difference in timing of the first serious relationship emerged. More young women had their first relationship with a Latino, and having a Latino boyfriend was associated with older partner age. In multivariate analyses, parental level of education was a stronger correlate of early dating experiences than generational status, and stronger findings emerged for young women than young men. The findings highlight the salience of gender as an organizer of early dating experiences among Latino adolescents.
Clinical and Procedural Predictors of Nurse Workload During and After Invasive Coronary Procedures: The Potential Benefit of a Systematic Radial Access
Authors: Amoroso Giovanni , Sarti Mascia , Bellucci Rita , Puma Francesca Li , D'Alessandro Silvia , Limbruno Ugo , Canova Alessia , Petronio Anna Sonia 
Published: May 2005

Background: Invasive coronary procedures are increasing in number and complexity over time. This trend translates in an increased need for economical and human resources, among which is nurse staffing the most affected. Aims: To identify possible predictors of nurse workload, during and after diagnostic and interventional procedures. Methods: Two hundred and sixty consecutive patients were included: 52 and 208 patients underwent femoral and radial access, respectively. Nurse workload was calculated with a self-developed model. Results: Cathlab nurse workload was 103 [63–156] min. Independent predictors of increased Cathlab nurse workload were: femoral access, failed radial access and cross-over, interventional procedures, procedural time, urgent procedures. Cathlab nurse workload was 174 [134–218] and 86 [58–126] min, for femoral and radial access, respectively ( p < 0.001). Among the overall population, 174/260 patients (44 females, mean age 66 ± 11 years) were hospitalised at our Center after the procedure. Fifty-six and 118 patients had femoral and radial access, respectively. Ward nurse workload was 457 [226–954] min. Independent predictors of increased Ward nurse workload were: access-site complication, length of in-hospital stay, admission to CCU, interventional procedures. Ward nurse workload was 386 [226–652] and 720 [314–1375] min, respectively for radial and femoral access ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: A systematic radial access is an effective strategy for reducing nurse workload, both during, by simplifying nurse tasks in the CathLab, and after coronary invasive procedures, by preventing access-site complications, shortening in-hospital stays, and reducing admissions to CCU.
Contrast nephropathy post cardiac resynchronization therapy: An under‐recognized complication with important morbidity
Authors: Cowburn Peter J. , Patel Harshna , Pipes Rebecca R. , Parker John D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to define the incidence of contrast nephropathy in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).BackgroundCRT is a promising new treatment for advanced heart failure. It is a technically demanding procedure with a recognized failure/complication rate. Contrast nephropathy is a well‐recognized complication of coronary angiography/intervention, but has not been described following CRT.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients who had undergone CRT at Mount Sinai Hospital, a tertiary referral center for heart failure management, to define the incidence of contrast nephropathy in patients undergoing CRT. Contrast nephropathy was defined as the occurrence of a 25% or greater increase in serum creatinine within 48 h after contrast administration.ResultsSixty‐eight patients underwent a total of seventy‐three procedures between October 1st 2000 and December 31st 2003. Ten patients (14%) developed contrast nephropathy. Three of these patients (4%) required hemofiltration and one died. Patients with creatinine ≥200 μmol/l (2.26mg/dl) were more likely to develop contrast nephropathy than those with creatinine <200 μmol/l (6/14 patients [43%] v 4/59 patients [7%], p<0.01). The mean length of hospital stay post‐procedure in patients developing contrast nephropathy was 19±18 (SD) days versus 4±5 days for those patients with stable renal function (p<0.01).ConclusionsContrast nephropathy is a frequent, but under‐recognized complication of CRT with important morbidity/mortality. The extended hospital stay associated with contrast nephropathy has important clinical and health care implications. Patients and physicians need to be aware of this potential risk.