bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At American Association of Advertising Agencies
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This speech was made in the aftermath of the March on Washington, the Kennedy and Evers assassinations, and the bombing of four little children in Birmingham, Alabama. Job opportunities were opening, but, these avail able jobs were in automation. Job that had been long held by the unskilled poor were being eliminated with no hope or plans for replacement. In this speech Roy Wilkins explains the need for black people to put into action the concept, “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work.” This speech was given on November 18, 1963.
At White House Conference “To Fulfill These Rights”
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded John F. Kennedy as president in 1963, Roy Wilkins found Johnson much more aggressive on civil rights than Kennedy had been. Yet even after Johnson signed the 1964 Civil Rights Bill into law, Wilkins knew there was still much to be done. At the time of this White House conference, the Brown decision was twelve years old. On administration of justice three categories were set forth embracing protection of Negroes and civil rights workers in connection with the exercise of their rights: equal justice in the operation of the machinery of the law-juries, courts, court officials and law enforcement agents and police minority group community relations. The material in the Council report, including the recommendations for action, has received critical scrutiny and has benefited from broadening and strengthening corrections and amendments including home rule for D.C. by the conferees in the twelve committees. Each of these urgent suggestions, born of intimate experience on local and state levels, has become a part of the record and will be submitted as a part of the report to the President, as will the specific resolutions adopted in the committees this afternoon.
Ego and Race
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Roy Wilkins noted that some black parents were against integration because they believed it meant “begging” to be with whites. He further contended that many of these parents believed that race pride could be taught only in segregated educational settings. He explains in the following article, written in June 1971, why the slow pace of integration is better than seeking quality education in a separate system. In the whole black-and-white field, a more emotional topic than that of racial integration in the public schools will be hard to find unless it is racial integration in housing. The idea of Negro and white children going to school together somehow seems to rouse both black and white parents to peaks of feeling. Whites, of course, want a good and exclusively white thing to continue.
A. Philip Randolph
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A. Philip Randolph (1889-1979) was born in Crescent City, Florida. In 1925 Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), and ten years later he negotiated a collective bargaining agreement with the Pullman Palace Car Company. As an official of the AFL-CIO, Randolph joined other prominent civil rights leaders in organizing the 1963 march on Washington. In the following article Roy Wilkins pays tribute to Randolph for conceiving the idea of the march on Washington. This article was writ ten in August 1972. The ninth anniversary of the famous March on Washington by the civil rights organizations and their followers is August 28. It seems only yesterday that 220,000 white and black people-an estimated 40,000 white-presented their petition and their personal presence to their government, at its seat, in behalf of civil rights for all Americans.
Black Power or Black Pride
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Roy Wilkins was unyielding in his belief that the move toward full integration was the only way to a united America. He frequently challenged the so-called separatists and militants about their beliefs that a system that was centuries old could be eradicated overnight. In the following article, written in March 1974, he offers a definition of black power. There is considerable indication, cropping up here and there, that some aspects of the black power hysteria that spread into all race relations when it was first voiced in 1966 are on the way out. In fact, among more advanced thinkers these aspects are dead. Negro political leaders in New York City, fresh from their soul-searching in the hectic and discouraging experience of the nomination and appointment of a black deputy mayor, were among those who redefined “black power.” Its real meaning is far from the sloganeering of marches, demonstrations, and confrontations. It is fully as far from the chip-on-the-shoulder bragging of some of its less thoughtful early proponents.
Black Mayors
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1976 when Roy Wilkins wrote this article, Maynard Jackson was mayor of Atlanta, Georgia, and Richard Hatcher was mayor of Gary, Indiana. At the time, both mayors were accused of allowing race to divide their respective cities. In the following article, Wilkins discusses what he believes to be some of the reasons behind the racial dissension in cities headed by black mayors. More wisdom in dealing with all segments of the population is indicated in each city. For decades blacks cried this to whites. Now the roles are reversed. They should get together, for the time grows shorter for the cities.
Intelligence Tests
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the following article, written in May 1975, Roy Wilkins discusses the harm done to black children by so-called intelligence tests. These imperfect conclusions by scholars, he writes, allow politicians and society at large to perpetuate myths and lies about a race and ultimately act on their negative views. Among the crosses a black child has to bear are tests of various kinds, particularly so-called intelligence tests. These prove little, if anything, about intelligence, but the harm to a race can be measured in the use which the political system makes of them. And scholars, too, permit their imperfect conclusions to be cited by politicians and schools of thought to support some restrictive measure against a whole race. Dr. Robert L. Williams, a black psychologist on the faculty of Washington Uni versity in St. Louis, is pictured in a feature article as conducting a lone campaign against the use of tests to set limits on minorities. Dr. Williams would be the first to acknowledge that the black community. far from just becoming aware of these tests, has been inveighing against them certainly since before World War II. Dr. Williams had the experience common to thousands of black kids of passing an intelligence test, but by a margin insufficient in his counselor’s mind. His mark was an eighty-two and the counselor “advised me not to go to college, but to take up a trade because I was good with my hands.” He ignored the advice and went on to college.
Paul Robeson
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paul Bustill Robeson (1898-1976), actor, singer, and activist, was born in Princeton, New Jersey. Robeson appeared in Eugene O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones in 1925. That same year he gave his first concert of Negro spirituals. He performed in such plays as All God’s Chillun Got Wings, Porgy and Bess, Showboat, Othello, and The Hairy Ape. After World War II he campaigned vigorously for the rights of African Americans. His activism attracted the attention of anti-Communists and he was denied a passport; his passport was not reissued until 1958. In the following article, Roy Wilkins pays tribute to the late Paul Robeson. The name “great” had been misapplied to many men, white and non-white, but there is one among the citizens of this country who eminently deserved the title “great”-Paul Robeson. Robeson was a man ahead of his time. He believed passionately in his people and, therefore, in the cause of humanity. The son of a slave who became a minister, there was no need to tell him of the exploitation of those who worked with their hands. He did not care that he could not speak their language. He knew poignantly what they suffered. He sang to them of the glory of victory over big and little wrongs. His rendition of a Negro spiritual. the battle song of slavery, needed no translation. At Rutgers, Robeson attended on scholarship, which should have been a tip off on his scholastic ability. Before he had finished his four years he won All America honors in football two years in a row, 1917 and 1918. Walter Camp, who chose him for All-American, called him “the greatest defensive end that ever trod the gridiron.” He was not only a great athlete, but he won a Phi Beta Kappa Key.
Harassment of Dr. King
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated on April 4, 1968, information released from FBI files revealed the animus toward King that was held by many FBI officials. In the following article, written in January 1977, Roy Wilkins discusses the harassment of Dr. King during his lifetime by the FBI. Little by little the story of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is emerging, and in a matter of months the world may possibly know the truth. Those who know something of the hatred of some officials of the EB.I. for the dead man may put two and two together and guess the answer to the puzzle. Why was James Earl Ray, the confessed killer, able to get out of Memphis to Canada and England with no money and no ability to get about in foreign lands? Who were the men, if any, behind him? What was the real basis of his quarrel with his attorneys? Of course the fresh inquiries into the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy are helping along the Martin Luther King matter. JFK was shot in Dallas, Texas, November 22, 1963, and only about fifteen per cent of the American people believe the official version of his killing contained in the Warren Report.
The Dying and Reviving of Death
Authors: Heinz Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until yesterday we died in medical Latin. A forgotten language obscured our passing. The primal scene was airbrushed by professionals who uttered words that could not be understood. Sterile gauze concealed the soul’s departure, so that we did not remark on the passing of the light. Medicine did not measure metaphysics. Death had become a biological infection. It was not to be permitted to escape control centers. Failures at living were sent to the hospital’s private places, hidden from public view and knowledge.
The Study of Calvin: Contexts and Directions
Authors: Muller Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The burden of the preceding chapters has been the elucidation of the context of Calvin’s theology for the sake of providing a basis for further discussion of his teaching. The effort has taken both negative and positive directions. Stated negatively, the burden of the work has been to set aside several of the dogmatic (or antidogmatic) grids that have been placed over Calvin’s text as well as over his thought. Stated positively, it has been to set the elements of Calvin’s theology into the context of the intellectual dialogues and debates within which he worked as correlated with a fairly close textual study of his thought.
The Solace of Fierce Landscapes
Authors: Lane Belden C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the tradition of Kathleen Norris, Terry Tempest Williams, and Thomas Merton, The Solace of Fierce Landscapes explores the impulse that has drawn seekers into the wilderness for centuries and offers eloquent testimony to the healing power of mountain silence and desert indifference. Interweaving a memoir of his mother's long struggle with Alzheimer's and cancer, meditations on his own wilderness experience, and illuminating commentary on the Christian via negativa--a mystical tradition that seeks God in the silence beyond language--Lane rejects the easy affirmations of pop spirituality for the harsher but more profound truths that wilderness can teach us. "There is an unaccountable solace that fierce landscapes offer to the soul. They heal, as well as mirror, the brokeness we find within." It is this apparent paradox that lies at the heart of this remarkable book: that inhuman landscapes should be the source of spiritual comfort. Lane shows that the very indifference of the wilderness can release us from the demands of the endlessly anxious ego, teach us to ignore the inessential in our own lives, and enable us to transcend the "false self" that is ever-obsessed with managing impressions. Drawing upon the wisdom of St. John of the Cross, Meister Eckhardt, Simone Weil, Edward Abbey, and many other Christian and non-Christian writers, Lane also demonstrates how those of us cut off from the wilderness might "make some desert" in our lives. Written with vivid intelligence, narrative ease, and a gracefulness that is itself a comfort, The Solace of Fierce Landscapes gives us not only a description but a "performance" of an ancient and increasingly relevant spiritual tradition.
Conclusion
Authors: Lane Belden C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is an unaccountable solace that fierce landscapes offer to the soul. They heal, as well as mirror, the brokenness we find within. Moving apprehensively into the desert’s emptiness, up the mountain’s height, you discover in wild terrain a metaphor of your deepest fears. If the danger is sufficient, you experience a loss of competence, a crisis of knowing that brings you to the end of yourself, to the only true place where God is met.
First Impressions of the Text: At the Level of Biography, Confusion; at the Level of the Spirit, Suggestions of Unity
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At one level the gospel of John is extremely simple and straightforward. It gives an account of a God-man, Jesus, who walked the earth in the days of Pontius Pilate. Thus its most obvious focus, as a narrative, is on a sequence of events which occurred in the early part of the first century. It sounds at times like very direct reporting; “it gives the impression of ‘things seen’ “ (Smith, 1982, 105). And it has an extraordinarily simple vocabulary.
The Discourses at the Feast of Tents
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic sequence of events is relatively simple. Jesus is in Galilee, but following a disagreement with his unbelieving brothers, he goes with them to the temple, and during the feast of Tents he teaches and reveals as never before. Though some respond positively, the dominant reactions reflect the encounter with his brothers-disbelief, harsh disagreement, and separation. The setting of this drama helps to make it remarkable. First there is the place-the temple. For Jews throughout the world this was the geographical focal point of their religion, to some degree the center of their universe. Here Jesus speaks: he enters in 7:14 and does not leave till 8:59.
The Sight-Giving and the Shepherding
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This dramatic account tells of a man who not only received sight but who then went through various stages of advancing insight. After his eyes had been anointed (chrio, v 6), he came to see Jesus first as an ordinary person (v 11) and then as a prophet (v 17). Later, after his parents had shied away from confessing Jesus to be the Christ (christos, v 22), he went on to see Jesus as from God (v 33) and, finally, as the Son of humanity (v 37). The picture is one of steady progression.
Native American Literatures and Communitism
Authors: Weaver Jace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you can survive in today’s society and maintain your soul self, and if you can do these things and know who you are as a person, you are a true warrior.
Leslie Marmon Silko (Laguna) has written, “The following statement, ‘All existence is meaningless: is actually full of meaning; that is the irony of language. The act of stating what is, inevitably reminds us of what is not. Language forces meaning into existence. All barriers yield to language: distance, oceans, darkness, even time and death itself are easily transcended by language. We hear a story about a beloved ancestor from hundreds of years ago, but as we listen, we begin to feel an intimacy and immediacy of that long ago moment so that our beloved ancestor is very much present with us during the storytelling:’ Storytelling. At base that is what American Indian authors and poets are doing-storytelling. According to Silko, when we use language to transcend humanly insurmountable barriers, we call that transcendent use art. To the extent I will argue that it is indeed much older than that. She is nonetheless correct that “[o] ur writing is, and always has been, an attempt to beat back colonization and the stereotyping of our Nations. But the writing is not a reaction to colonialism, it is an active and new way to tell the stories we have always been told.”1 In both its continuity and its change, it speaks to and for Native peoples.
The Burden of Modernity
Authors: Alonso Carlos J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers a provocative interpretation of cultural discourse in Spanish America. Alonso argues that Spanish American cultural production constituted itself through commitment to what he calls the “narrative of futurity,” that is, the uncompromising adoption of modernity. This commitment fueled a rhetorical crisis that followed the embracing of discourses regarded as “modern” in historical and economic circumstance that are themselves the negation of modernity. Through fresh readings of texts by Sarmiento, Mansilla, Quiroga, Vargos Llosa, Garcia Marquez, and others, Alonso tracks this textual dynamic in works from the nineteenth century to the present.
The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz Abdulhussein 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Islamic regime that came to power after the 1978-79 Iranian revolution justified the rule of the Ayatollah Khomeini, and the Shi’ite imams in general, on the basis of the doctrine that the Islamic jurist is best suited to rule with justice in an Islamic country. Arguing that this concept has no apparent parallel in Sunni Islam, this study explores its origins in the Sunni/Shi’ite schism, which took place after the death of the Prophet, and traces its evolution to the present day. Drawing on exhaustive research in the Islamic libraries of Iran and Jordan, as well as discussions with leading jurors and scholars in Iran, Sachedina presents the first in-depth analysis of an Islamic phenomenon of vital contemporary social and political significance.
Religious Communities, Secular Society, And Sexuality: One Jewish Opinion
Authors: Novak David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the pioneering investigations of Freud at the beginning of this century, most of the old conventions concerning human sexuality have been called into question. That has required both those who advocate that these conventions be changed and those who advocate that they remain in force to devise new arguments for their respective positions. The current debate over homosexuality, especially, has called for such new arguments because the case at hand seems so radical when made by those who advocate change and so lacking in rational persuasion when made by those who advocate tradition.
Sexual Orientation And Human Rights In American Religious Discourse: A Roman Catholic Perspective
Authors: Curren Charles E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay addresses the issue of sexual orientation and human rights in American religious discourse from the perspective of Roman Catholicism. This complex question has a number of different facets: the moral teaching about homosexuality, whether the teaching is proposed for all humankind and should be found convincing by those who do not share Catholic faith, the way in which religion should engage in public discourse, the relationship between morality and law, and finally the different aspects of law (the legality or illegality of homosexual acts, the rights of homosexual persons not to be discriminated against in our society, the provision of certain benefits to same-sex couples, the legal acceptance of gay marriages).
Response To James Hanigan And Charles Curren
Authors: Farley Margarant A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presentations of James Hanigan and Charles Curran together represent the best of the possibilities for dialogue among quite different positions in the Roman Catholic tradition on the moral status of same-sex relationships. I applaud their careful and thoughtful analyses of the issues and their irenic yet forceful arguments for the positions they support. Moreover, the move that both of them make to shift a great deal of the debate from the realm of sexual ethics to political ethics is a helpful one, and it may be that strategically it is the best one if the Roman Catholic community is to come to terms with the pluralism within itself as well as the pluralism in American society on this issue. It may also be the case that for concrete persons whose lives (and not just moral and political theories) are at stake in these debates, the issues of law and public policy are now the most pressing.
The Other Side of Joy
Authors: Rubin Julius H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a case study of one pietist religious group, the Bruderhof. A Christian brotherhood founded on Anabaptist and evangelical pietist doctrine, they practice community of goods, seeking to emulate the vision of the Apostolic church and fulfil the ethic of brotherhood taught in the Sermon on the Mount. Rubin offers compelling accounts of the lives of Bruderhof apostates who foundered over issues of faith, and relates these crises to the central tenets of Bruderhof theology, their spirituality, and community life.
Poland
Authors: Janz Denis R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two of the late twentieth century’s most stunning events focused international attention on Poland. First, in 1978 Karol Wojtyta was elected Pope; and second, in 1989 Poland initiated the chain-reaction collapse of”real socialism” in Eastern Europe. It is tempting to make these events into the central interpretive key to understanding the global encounter between Christianity and Marxism. It is seductive, especially for Christians, to see the outcome as a colossal victory for Christianity made possible by the inspired leadership of the Pope.1 This is the “good guys win” version of history: it wipes away all ambiguities and feeds the spirit of self-righteous Christian triumphalism. Obviously, to blithely unravel the tangled contradictions of the past in this way is to dangerously distort a highly complex reality.
China
Authors: Janz Denis R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Western Christians today may find it difficult to imagine a Catholic Church in which married priests publicly celebrate the Eucharist, bishops are democratically elected, laypeople serve in high positions of leadership, reconstruction of churches and seminaries is carried out with government funds, artificial birth control is advocated as a virtue, priests engage in manual labor, parishes are administered by women, and the bishop of Rome is largely ignored. Equally difficult to imagine is a Protestant Church in which laypeople lead, in which denominational fragmentation is a thing of the past, in which sexism has in many cases been overcome, in which theological conservatism is combined with political socialism, and in which money comes in part from the laity and in part from Church-owned and operated factories. To many Western Christians-whether Roman Catholic or Protestant-such churches are scarcely conceivable, let alone desirable. Others visualize the future of Christianity in precisely this way.