bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the rat brain creatine kinase gene in C6 glioma cells
Authors: Wilson C. D. , Parameswaran B. , Molloy G. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have recently shown that while brain creatine kinase (CKB) mRNA was detectable in RNA from cultured primary rat brain neurons, CKB mRNA was about 15‐fold higher in primary astrocytes and 17‐fold higher in oligodendrocytes (Molloy et al., J Neurochem 59:1925–1932, 1992). To begin to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for brain glial cells containing the highest levels of CKB mRNA in the body, we have examined the expression of rat CKB mRNA in established C6 glioma cells. RNase‐protection analysis showed the endogenous CKB mRNA levels in exponentially growing C6 were high and measured 50% of that in total RNA from rat brain lysate and 60% of that in cultured primary astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The 5′ and 3′ ends of CKB mRNA in C6 were mapped to the same nucleotides as CKB mRNA from rat brain, indicating that the sites of in vivo transcription initiation and termination/polyadenylation of CKB mRNA in C6 are the same as in total rat brain RNA. The level of CKB enzyme activity in C6 whole cell lysates was among the highest of the glial cell lines which we measured. All creatine kinase enzyme activity present in C6 was found in the dimeric CKB isoform (BB), which is characteristic of CKB expression in the brain. A 2.9 kb gene fragment containing the basal CKB promoter and far‐upstream 5′ sequences was cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and transfected into C6 cells. CAT activity was readily detectable in C6 and mapping of the 5′ end of the CAT mRNA showed that transcription was directed from the correct initiation site. Since we found C6 cells were difficult to transfect, conditions were established which both maximized transfection efficiency and maintained normal C6 cell morphology. These results should permit the future identification of the nuclear trans‐acting factors and the cognate cis‐acting regulatory elements responsible for high CKB mRNA expression in brain glial cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution Raman spectroscopy of gases with laser sources. VI. The rotaitional spectra of 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene
Authors: Schlupf Joseph , Weber Alfons 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe pure rotational Raman spectra of 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene have been photographed under high resolution using a single mode argon laser as the exciting source. The observed spectra consist of sharp, highly symmetric lines which form well developed R‐ and S‐branches. The analysis of the spectra was performed on the basis of the theory of the non‐rigid, symmetric top rotor. The following ground state constants were determined. For 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene, Bo = 0.0586517 ± (5 × 10−7) cm−1 and Dj = (1.89 ± 0.04) × 10−9 cm−1; for hexafluorobenzene, Bo = 0.0343165 ± 9 × 10−7 cm−1 and Dj = (0.70 ± 0.04) × 10−9 cm−1. The CF bond lengths for these molecules were determined by assuming the values of the carbon ring parameters of benzene. The CF bond lengths (r0‐values) of 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene are then, respectively, 1.304 Å and 1.321 Å. These values are in good agreement with the CF bond lengths determined by means of the electron diffraction technique.
Spectra and structure of small ring compounds. XXXVI. 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane; 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐d4; 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran; and methylcyclopentane
Authors: Durig J. R. , Kizer K. L. , Karriker J. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe infrared spectra of solid, liquid and gaseous 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane, 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐d4, 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran, and methylcyclopentane were recorded from 4000 to 33 cm−1. The Raman spectra were also recorded and depolarization values were measured for 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane and methylcyclopentane. The fundamental vibrations of each compound have been assigned on the basis of group frequency correlations, isotopic shifts, and band intensities as well as depolarization values when applicable. The barrier hindering internal rotation of the methyl group has been calculated to be 3.5, 3.6, and 4.2 kcal mole−1 for 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane, 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran, and methylcyclopentane, respectively. The pseudorotational ring vibration was observed at 58 and 56 cm−1 for gaseous 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran, respectively. This implies a barrier to pseudorotation of the order of 1.3 kcal mole−1 for 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane and 2‐methyl‐tetrahydrofuran. The pseudorotational mode could not be observed for methylcyclopentane, even at maximum pressure‐path length condition.
Phonon and polariton spectra of β‐quartz
Authors: Fries J. , Claus R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman scattering experiments on single crystalline quartz in the high temperature phase (β‐quartz) have been carried out. In order to obtain a complete assignment of all polar Raman active modes different scattering geometries with phonon wave vectors parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis have been used. These experiments allowed the identification of the hitherto missing longitudinal E1‐modes. Finally near forward scattering made the observation of ordinary polaritons associated with transverse polar phonons of symmetry E1 possible. The experimental data are compared with theoretical curves and show good agreement.
Raman spectra of crystalline carbon suboxide
Authors: Smith William Hayden , Bates John B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of the two crystalline phases of carbon suboxide were recorded in an attempt to identify overtones of v2 and v7. The results are discussed with regard to the v2 and v7 potentials in condensed phases, and a recently proposed structure of the high temperature crystal form of C3O2 is considered in view of the observed spectra.
Ammonia in the liquid state and in solution: A Raman study
Authors: Gardiner D. J. , Hester R. E. , Grossman W. E. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra are reported for liquid ammonia and ammonia in solutions covering wide concentration ranges in both carbon tetrachloride and acetonitrile. The spectra, all of which were obtained at room temperature, show a number of features which are attributed to association between ammonia molecules and, in the case of the acetonitrile solution, to ammonia‐solvent interactions. The spectra indicate the existence of essentially free rotation of ammonia molecules in dilute solutions in carbon tetrachloride, but also show new bands characteristic of associated species at high concentration in both solvents and in the pure liquid state. Previous uncertainlty about the assignment of bands in the NH stretchin multiplet of the liquid ammonia spectrum has been removed, and it has been demonstrated that Fermi resonance plays only a small role in this region.
A Raman instrument for rotation‐vibrational spectra using laser excitation
Authors: Brodersen Svend , Bendtsen Jørgen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA description is given of an instrument designed for the registration of rotation‐vibrational Raman spectra. The gas sample cell has a volume of 20 ml and forms one end of the cavity of an argon‐ion laser. The laser beam is focused to a diameter of 50 μ inside the cell. The scattered light passes a double premonochromator and is registered photographically in a grating spectrograph.The resolution obtained is about 0.3 cm−1, determined by the pressure broadening in the sample. The detectability for weak lines is high, as demonstrated by the observation of previously unobserved vibrational bands.The instrument may also be used for pure rotational Raman spectra, primarily for weak scatterers. A pure rotational spectrum of CO2 is obtained in an exposure of ½ min.
The Raman spectrum of polycrystalline fluorotrichloromethane
Authors: Shurvell H. F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of polycrystalline films of CFCl3 have been recorded at 77K. Chlorine isotope splittings have been observed for four of the six fundamentals in agreement with predictions. The degenerate CCl stretching band ν4 shows evidence of both site and factor group splitting and possibly LO and TO components. To account for the observed splittings it is suggested that solid CFCl3 has a non‐centrosymmetric orthorhombic crystal structure at 77K.
Complete polarization measurements for non‐symmetric Raman tensors: Symmetry assignments of ferrocytochrome C vibrations
Authors: Pézolet Michel , Nafie Laurence A. , Peticolas Warner L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe three invariants of the Raman tensors of eight strong Raman active vibrations of ferrocytochrome c have been determined using both linearly and circularly polarized light at 5145 Å. The relative intensities of the perpendicular, parallel, contrarotating and co‐rotating components have been measured and analysed by the method of McClain to obtain the symmetry assignment of each of these vibrations; the symmetry group of the heme is believed to be Cs showing a plane of reflection as the only symmetry element. Since the lowering of the symmetry of the heme group is due to hemeprotein interactions, Raman Polarization measurements appear to offer a new probe for obtaining the strength of such interaction.
The Raman spectra of cadmium iodide
Authors: Montero S. , Kiefer W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman scattering experiments on polytype CdI2 single crystals have been carried out. A very narrow band – not found before – was detected at 15.8 cm−1 and assigned to the E2 mode of the polytype 4H with space group C. Two further bands at 45.1 and 111.3 cm−1 are assigned to E and A modes respectively from vibrations of the polytypes with C, C and D symmetry. Calculated symmetry coordinates, intensity and halfbandwidth considerations support the proposed assignment. Comparision of the frequencies of the A1 and E1 modes in single crystals of the cadmium halides CdCl2, CdBr2 and CdI2 show very similar bond forces between the cadmium and halogen layers.
Vibration‐rotation interaction in the gas‐phase Raman spectrum of ethylene
Authors: Nemes L. , Suzuki S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe gas‐phase Raman spectrum of the v8 band of ethylene has been analysed for Coriolis perturbation due to a‐type interaction between v8(b2g) and v6(b1g). The main rotational features in the vibration‐rotation band have been assigned and the analysis yielded v8 = 940.6 cm−1, |ζ| = 0.67 ± ± 0.08.
Vibrational spectra of isotopically substituted metal carbonyls. IV: [1] Raman spectra of Mn (12CO)5Br and Mn(12CO)4(13CO)Br (present in natural abundance) at 15K
Authors: Butler Ian S. , Shaw C. Frank 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe low temperature (15K) Raman spectrum of Mn(CO)5Br has been recorded under high resolution conditions in the 2150–1900 cm−1 and low frequency (below 700 cm−1) regions using Kr+ laser excitation (647.1 nm). The spectrum indicates that there is no phase change between room temperature and 15K. Several Raman‐active CO stretching bands of the principal mono‐isotopic species Mn (12CO)4(13CO)Br present in natural abundance (1% axially substituted and 4% equatorially substituted) have been observed for the first time and assigned on the basis of a CO‐factored force field calculation. The reasons why it is felt that bands due to dilute isotopic species such as 13CO are not observed routinely in the Raman, in contrast to the infrared, are discussed.
Optical phonons in α‐NiSO4·6H2O single crystal
Authors: Jain Y. S. , Bist H. D. , Verma A. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLaser excited Raman spectra of a single crystal of α‐NiSO4·6H2O have been attributed to the phonons originating only from the Raman active modes of isolated H2O (C2v), SO (Td) and Ni(H2O) (Oh) units. It has been shown that Th symmetry considered earlier for NI(H2O) complex by Jager and Schaack is not consistent with the crystal structure of α‐NiSO4·6H2O and results in an erroneous symmetry classification of 288 phonon branches of the unit cell. A correct classification of these branches is reported. It is inferred that the SO and Ni(H2O) polyhedra do not show large distortions from their respective Td and Oh symmetries at room temperature.
On the Raman spectra of cyclopentadienyl rare earth complexes
Authors: Aleksanyan V. T. , Borisov G. K. , Devyatych G. G. , Gächter B. F. , Koningstein J. A. , Schneider B. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA comparison is made of the 300 K Raman spectra of some cyclopentadienyl rare earth complexes. The data show no major change in the position of corresponding bands of the series. A detailed study is carried out in the spectral region of 150 cm−1 at 77 K of the samples. Some evidence of electronic Raman effects is presented.
Resonance Raman scattering and vibronic coupling in aquo‐ and cyano‐cobalamin
Authors: Galluzzi F. , Garozzo M. , Ricci F. F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe resonance Raman spectra of cyano‐and aquocobalamin have been obtained from aqueous solutions. In order to check the vibronic theory of Raman intensity in the rigorous resonance case, the excitation profile of the 1502 cm−1 vibration was measured and analyzed using a model of two displaced harmonic oscillators for the ground and the resonant electronic state. A very good agreement is shown between the calculated and the experimental values of both the excitation profile and the absorption spectrum. Information on the corrin ring symmetry and evaluation of the vibronic interaction energies have been obtained. The appearance of several overtones and combinations is also reported.
L'étude vibrationnelle du paraquat
Authors: Benchenane A. , Bernard L. , Théophanides T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman and IR spectra of solid powders and solutions of paraquat and derivatives are reported. The fundamental vibrations of each compound have been assigned on the basis of group frequency correlations, isotopic substitution (shifts) and band intensities, as well as depolarization values when applicable.
A systematic approach to the structure elucidation of carbon‐hydrogen and hydroxy compounds by means of Raman spectroscopy with laser sources
Authors: van Der Maas J. H. , Visser T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA systematic procedure for the interpretation of Raman spectra of carbon‐hydrogen‐ and alcoholic compounds is outlined.The system – based on logical yes/no decisions – gives information on the structure elements present in an unknown molecule.Hardly any interpretation experience is required.The system as developed so far is presented.
Calibration of the absolute spectral response of Raman spectrometers
Authors: D'orazio M. , Schrader B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA system for the calibration of the absolute spectral response of spectrometers is described using a standard reflector ‐ of the type used especially for colour measurements – as a secondary light source. In contrast to conventional light sources for calibrations, the radiance is approximately constant over the whole area of the source, and the angular characteristic is known for a large range of reflection angles φ. A special advantage is that the angular characteristic follows closely the Lambert‐cosine‐jaw in the region φ∼45°. The radiant flux can be calculated exactly for various experiemental conditions, especially for Raman spectroscopy.
Raman spectrum of the addition compound of uranium and phosphorus pentachlorides (UCl5,·PCl5) and its structure
Authors: Shamir Jacob , Silberstein Atara 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of the addition compound of PCl5 · UCl5 was recorded. In all, seven major lines were observed. The results were interpreted as supporting the ionic structure of PCl UCl, the cation having a Td symmetry and the anion an Oh symmetry.
Raman microprobe and microscope with laser excitation
Authors: Delhaye M. , Dhamelincourt P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNew devices, have been developed to generate maps or images of heterogeneous samples using a characteristic Raman frequency line and to obtain the surface distribution of a given compound.Samples are illuminated by a laser beam causing Raman lines of the different substances to be emitted. Different techniques using a triple monochromator or a holographic grating system are described. Several examples of Raman images of heterogeneous samples are presented.
Effect of Na+ ion concentration on tRNA conformation in solution studied by laser Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dobek A. , Patkowski A. , Labuda D. , Augustyniak J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of baker's yeast tRNA in NaCl aqueous solutions were measured as a function of sodium ion concentration throughout the 0–1.0 M range. Strong variations in intensity of the various bands allowed observation of the ionic strength‐dependent conformational transitions of the tRNA. The experimental data obtained point to the existence of five distinct conformations of the tRNA molecules in the range of Na+ concentration investigated.
Vibrational spectra of bromotetracarbonylnitrosyltungsten (I), W (CO)4 (NO) Br
Authors: Butler Ian S. , Shaw C. Frank 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSolid‐state and solution IR and laser Raman spectra have been recorded for bromotetracarbonylnitrosyltungsten (I), W(CO)4 (NO) Br, in the CO and NO stretching regions and in the region below 750 cm−1. The vibrational data are consistent with a trans‐C4v symmetry for the complex and assignments have been proposed on the basis of this geometry. The assignments for the CO and NO stretching regions, including those for the weak satellite peaks due to W(12CO)3 (13CO) (NO) Br (present in 4% natural abundance), have been verified by an energy‐factored force field calculation.
Raman scattering study of the liquid crystal PPU
Authors: Shen T. Y. , Mitra S. S. , Brown C. W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of the liquid crystal PPU [p‐(p‐ethoxyphenylazo)‐phenyl undecylenate] have been measured as a function of temperature covering all phases. A pronounced hysteresis which involves a new state has been observed during the crystalline‐nematic transition. The Raman intensities in the nematic phase show a temperature dependence in the presence of an external magnetic field.
A study of the internal frequency region (400–4000 cm−1) of the Raman spectrum of a single crystal of sodium ammonium sulphate dihydrate, NaNH4SO4·2H2O over the temperature range 293–87K
Authors: Fawcett V. , Long D. A. , Sankaranarayanan V. N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectra in the region 400–4000 cm−1 of single crystals of NaNH4SO4·2H2O in various orientations are reported for the temperature range 293–87K. NaNH4SO4·2H2O undergoes a transition at 101 K from a paraelectric phase to a ferroelectric phase. The changes in the Raman spectra of the constituent species, NH, SO and H2O as the temperature is lowered indicate that below the phase transition there are non‐equivalent ions in the unit cell. The abruptness of the spectral changes at 101 K suggests a large lattice distortion in accord with the predictions of magnetic resonance studies.
Raman spectroscopic studies of urea/n‐paraffin clathrates
Authors: Fawcett V. , Long D. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUrea/n‐paraffin clathrates enable Raman spectroscopic studies of oriented single n‐paraffin molecules in the extended planar zig‐zag configuration to be made. Raman spectra in the region 0–3500 cm−1 are reported for various orientations of single crystals of the following urea and urea‐d4/n‐paraffin clathrates: urea/n‐tetradecane, urea/n‐hexadecane and urea/n‐undecane. Assignments have been made for the vibration of the urea host lattice and the guest n‐paraffin molecules in the extended planar zig‐zag configuration, utilising the orientation measurements.
Liaison Hydrogene en Phase Liquide et Spectrometrie Raman. I: Alcools liquides purs
Authors: Perchard C. , Perchard J. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe vOH (OD) bands of some liquid alcohols (three primary, two secondary and one tertiary), have been studied over a wide temperature range with regard to: (i) band position as a function of temperature, (ii) band intensity and depolarization ratio as a function of temperature and physical state.From studies of (i), the long chain polymer structure is confirmed; and the diagonal and interaction force constants FOH and ƒOH are calcualated between 295 K and the melting point. From studies of (ii), it is shown that the intensity in the liquid phase is temperature independent as long as autoassociation is preponderant: however from relative intensity measurements (gas to liquid) the scattering activity \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({45\bar \alpha ^{'2} + 7{\rm \gamma}^{{\rm '2}}} \right) $\end{document} is seen to increase by a factor of two as a result of autoassociation; and the depolarization ratio increases by a factor of two from dilute solution to pure liquid.These results are discussed in the light of the bond polarizability theory; it is concluded that the α′l/α′p ratio for the OH band changes considerably on formation of an hydrogen bond. This can be explained in terms of the Orville Thomas pulsed cloud model.
Raman spectra of iodine derivatives of tyrosine and thyronine
Authors: Loh Eugene 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectra of iodine derivatives of tyrosine and thyronine exhibit strong peaks in the region ≲400 cm−1 and may be described by analogous vibrations of benzene as:

the C—I out‐of‐plane bendings of E1g mode from 120 cm−1 to 180 cm−1
the C—I in‐plane bendings of E2g and A2g mode from 190 cm−1 to 330 cm−1 and
the C—I stretchings of E2g mode from 240 cm−1 to 400 cm−1
In triiodo‐derivatives, the number of both the CI in‐plane bendings and CI stretchings on the inner phenyl ring approximately doubles from that of diiodo‐derivatives presumably due to the modulation caused by the iodine‐sensitive libration of the outer phenyl ring.
Vibrational analysis of polyene chains. Assignments of the resonance Raman lines of poly (acetylene) and β‐carotene
Authors: Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Tasumi Mitsuo , Miyazawa Tatsuo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe normal frequencies and vibrational modes have been calculated for two models of an infinite polyene chain using a modified Urey‐Bradley force field. The vibrational modes giving rise to strong resonance Raman lines have been elucidated on the basis of the results of the calculation.
Raman spectra of gases. XVII: Two‐quantum torsional transitions in some methyl‐substituted small ring compounds
Authors: Durig J. R. , Lopata A. D. , Wurrey C. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMethyl torsional overtones (Δv = 2) have been observed for methylcyclopropane, propylene oxide, propylene sulfide, cis‐propylene imine, trans‐propylene imine, methylcyclobutane, and methylcyclopentane in the Raman effect. From the observed shifts, barriers to internal rotation have been calculated in the vapor state to be 2.95, 2.58, 3,26, 2.97, 2.51, ≥ 2.47, and 2.61–3.03 kcal mole−1, respectively. For this set of compounds the torsional overtones are difficult to identify because they fall very close to the methyl bending modes. Also, for the four‐ and five‐membered rings, interference was found from the low frequency ring motions. In general, the torsional overtones were not nearly as intense as those previously observed for the halogen substituted et hanes.
Raman spectroscopic studies of soaps, and soap‐water systems as a function of temperature
Authors: Faiman Rosalind , Long D. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe vibrational Raman spectra of a number of soap‐water systems (water content range 0–90%) over the temperature range 0–150°C are reported. Changes in the Raman spectra with temperature can be interpreted in terms of structural changes, particularly of the conformations of the paraffin chains. The results suggest that Raman spectroscopy is potentially useful for the study of the more complex lipid‐protein‐water systems that constitute biological membranes and for which these soap‐water systems serve as simple models.