bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a stepwise alveolar recruitment maneuver on lung volume distribution in dogs assessed by computed tomography
Authors: Sanchez Ana Flávia , Ambrósio Aline Magalhães , Pinto Ana Carolina B. C. Fonseca , Pereira Marco Aurélio Amador , Andrade Felipe Silveira Rego Monteiro , Rodrigues Renata Ramos , de Carvalho Martins Alessandro Rodrigues , Baroni Carina Outi , Ferrante Bruno , Fantoni Denise Tabacchi 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPulmonary atelectasis is a commonly occurs during anesthesia. In these cases, mechanical ventilation (MV) associated with alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is indicated to reverse the condition, ensure adequate gas exchange and improve oxygenation. ARMs can trigger volutrauma, barotrauma, and atelectrauma. Therefore, computed tomography (CT) is the gold-standard method for monitoring lung aeration after ARM.ObjectiveTo evaluate lung volume distribution after stepwise ARMs using computed tomography (CT).MethodsTwelve dogs weighing 24.0 ± 6.0 kg, aged 3 ± 1 years, of both sexes and different breeds, underwent orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy. The animals were anesthetized and ventilated in volume-controlled mode. ARMs were then initiated by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration (5, 10, 15, and 20 cmH2O). CT scans, cardiovascular parameters, and ventilatory mechanics were evaluated at all time points. Data were assessed for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test and a two-way analysis of variance, followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni test to identify differences between time points. Statistical significance was attributed to a value of p of &lt;0.05.ResultsCT demonstrated that the ARMs increased ventilation throughout the lung, including the dependent regions, with volumes that increased and decreased proportionally with PEEP titration. When they reached PEEP 10 and 5 cmH2O descending (d), they remained significantly higher than those in PEEP 0 cmH2O (baseline). Static compliance improved about 40% at PEEP 10d and PEEP 5d compared to baseline. There was an increase in heart rate (HR) from PEEP 15 increasing (i) (74.5%) to PEEP 10d (54.8%) compared to baseline. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) decreased approximately 9% from PEEP 15i to PEEP 15d compared to baseline.ConclusionLung attenuation and regional and global volumes assessed by CT showed that maximum pulmonary aeration distribution followed by PEEP titration occurred at PEEP 20 cmH2O, maintaining the lungs normoaerated and without hyperaeration.
Challenges and enablers to implementation of the Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme in primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: Jones Bethan , Anchors Zoe , Voss Sarah , Walsh Nicola 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) was set up to recruit 26 000 additional staff into general practice by 2024, with the aim of increasing patient access to appointments. Despite the potential benefits of integrating ARRS practitioners into primary care, their implementation has not always been straightforward.AimTo explore the challenges and enablers to implementation of the ARRS including its impact on primary and secondary care systems.Design and settingQualitative interview study with ARRS healthcare professionals and key professional stakeholders involved in staff education or scheme implementation across three integrated care systems in England.MethodParticipants (n= 37) were interviewed using semi-structured individual or paired interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using framework analysis until data saturation occurred.ResultsUsing framework analysis, 10 categories were identified. Three were categorised as successes: staff valued but their impact unclear; multiple and certain roles maximise impact; and training hub support. Seven were categorised as challenges: scheme inflexibility; creating a sustainable workforce with career progression; managing scope and expectations; navigating supervision and roadmap progression; infrastructure and integration challenges; ARRS roles impact on wider systems; and tensions and perspectives of existing staff.ConclusionMost ARRS staff felt valued, but the scheme broadened expertise available in primary care rather than reducing GP burden, which was originally anticipated. Some PCNs, especially those in areas of high deprivation, found it difficult to meet the population’s needs as a result of the scheme’s inflexibility, potentially leading to greater health inequalities in primary care. Recommendations are proposed to optimise the effective implementation of the primary care workforce model. Further research is required to explore administrative role solutions, further understand the impact of health inequalities, and investigate the wellbeing of ARRS staff.
Cost-utility analysis of molnupiravir for high-risk, community-based adults with COVID-19: an economic evaluation of the PANORAMIC trial
Authors: Png May Ee , Harris Victoria , Grabey Jenna , Hart Nigel D , Jani Bhautesh D , Butler Daniel , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Coates Maria , Cureton Lucy , Dobson Melissa , Dorward Jienchi , Evans Philip , Francis Nick , Gbinigie Oghenekome A , Hayward Gail , Holmes Jane , Hood Kerenza , Khoo Saye , Ahmed Haroon , Lown Mark , McKenna Micheal , Mort Sam , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S , Rahman Najib M , Richards Duncan B , Thomas Nicholas PB , van Hecke Oliver , Hobbs Richard , Little Paul , Yu Ly-Mee , Butler Christopher C , Petrou Stavros ,   on behalf of the PANORAMIC Trial Collaborators
Published: January 2024

Background
The cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir, an oral antiviral for early treatment of SARS-CoV-2, has not been established in vaccinated populations.

Aim
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of molnupiravir relative to usual care alone among mainly vaccinated community-based people at higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 over 6 months.

Design and setting
An economic evaluation of the PANORAMIC trial in the UK.

Method
A cost-utility analysis that adopted a UK NHS and personal social services perspective and a 6-month time horizon was performed using PANORAMIC trial data. Cost-effectiveness was expressed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses assessed the impacts of uncertainty and heterogeneity. Threshold analysis explored the price for molnupiravir consistent with likely reimbursement.

Results
In the base-case analysis, molnupiravir had higher mean costs of £449 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 445 to 453) and higher mean QALYs of 0.0055 (95% CI = 0.0044 to 0.0067) than usual care (mean incremental cost per QALY of £81 190). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed similar results, except for those aged ≥75 years, with a 55% probability of being cost-effective at a £30 000 per QALY threshold. Molnupiravir would have to be priced around £147 per course to be cost-effective at a £15 000 per QALY threshold.

Conclusion
At the current cost of £513 per course, molnupiravir is unlikely to be cost-effective relative to usual care over a 6-month time horizon among mainly vaccinated patients with COVID-19 at increased risk of adverse outcomes, except those aged ≥75 years.
Identifying where hospital and community trusts are managing general practices in England: a service mapping study
Authors: Davies Charlotte , Saunders Catherine L , Olumogba Fifi , Sidhu Manbinder , Sussex Jon 
Published: January 2024

Background
Organisations providing secondary care in the NHS in England have historically not also provided primary health care, but this is changing. Data on where this kind of ‘vertical integration’ is happening are lacking, making it difficult to evaluate its impact.

Aim
To compile a comprehensive list of instances of secondary care trusts running general practices in England, to enable evaluation of the impact of such arrangements.

Design & setting
This service mapping study comprises review, collation, synthesis, and analysis of published information describing secondary and primary care provision in the NHS in England in March 2021.

Method
Desk-based collection, including hand-searching, of secondary care organisations’ statutory annual reports. Triangulation via comparison with national data on general practices, the general practice workforce and practice contracts.

Results
It was possible to construct a database of all instances of trusts running general practices in England as of 31 March 2021. We have identified 26 trusts running a total of 85 general practices, operating across a total of 116 practice sites. These practices have on average fewer patients and fewer GP full-time equivalents than other general practices, and before becoming vertically integrated were performing less well in the Quality and Outcomes Framework.

Conclusion
We recommend that national statistics recording the details of general practices contracting with the NHS should include whether each practice is owned by another organisation and whether that is an NHS trust, another public body, or a private organisation. Such data are required to enable evaluation of the impacts of this kind of vertical integration.
Crystallinity and composition of Sc1−x(−y)Si
x
(P
y
) silicides in annealed TiN/Sc/Si:P stacks for advanced contact applications
Authors: Pollefliet Bert , Porret Clement , Everaert Jean-Luc , Sankaran Kiroubanand , Piao Xiaoyu , Rosseel Erik , Conard Thierry , Impagnatiello Andrea , Shimura Yosuke , Horiguchi Naoto , Loo Roger , Vantomme André , Merckling Clement 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sc-based contacts to Si:P have shown great potential for NMOS devices. However, the promising properties of this material system are not yet fully understood. This work provides new insights into the crystallinity and composition of annealed TiN/Sc/Si:P stacks. After silicidation, two distinct phases are evidenced, with orthorhombic ScSi lying atop a thin Sc1−x−y
Si
x
P
y
interfacial layer that shares a commensurate interface with the underlaid Si:P, hypothetically resulting in a low interface defectivity. The formed ScSi phase is observed to be thermally stable between ∼450 °C and 700 °C, which is suitable for most device applications. The impact of additional thermal budgets within this temperature range is investigated, revealing potential origins for thermally induced degradation of the contact properties.
Optical characterizations of GaN/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunctions with different band alignments
Authors: Hong Ray-Yu , Wu Po-Hung , Tsai Ping-Yu , Yu Ing-Song 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The integration of gallium nitride (GaN) with 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to form GaN/MoS2 semiconductor heterojunctions will have high potential applications in novel electronics and optoelectronics. In this study, GaN thin films were grown on pulse-laser-deposited MoS2 layer by plasma-assisted MBE at different substrate temperatures (500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C, respectively). The energy-band alignments of GaN/MoS2 semiconductor heterostructures were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The epitaxial growth conditions of GaN films influenced the band alignment of GaN/MoS2 heterojunction. Type-I heterostructure, a straddling relation between narrow-bandgap MoS2 and wide-bandgap GaN, was observed at the optimized growth temperature of 600 °C. At the same time, photoluminescence (PL) and photoreflectance spectroscopies were employed to analyze the optical properties of MoS2 and GaN/MoS2 heterostructures. The PL and exciton energy transition of 2D MoS2 layer can be enhanced by the capping layer GaN, especially for type-I band alignment structure.
اتجاهات الإعلام الإيراني إزاء الاحتلال الأمريكي للعراق د ا رسة تحليلية لأخبار الع ا رق في قناة العالم الاخبارية )8111/18/ 11 11 / للمدة من
Authors: د. طالب عبد المجيد علاوي  
Published: January 2024

أﻀﺤﻰ اﻹﻋـﻼم ﻓـﻲ ﻴوﻤﻨـﺎ ﻫـذا ﻗـوة ﻟﻬـﺎ أﺒﻌﺎدﻫـﺎ اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﺒﻘـدر ﻤﺎﻟﻬـﺎ ﻤـن ﻗـوة ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ
واﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺔ وﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ٬ ﻓوﺴﺎﺌﻝ اﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﻴوم ﺘﻨﻘﻝ إﻟﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠوﻤﺎت واﻵ ارء واﻷﻓﻛﺎر واﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎت وﻤـن
ﺨﻼﻝ ﻨﺸﺎطﻬﺎ اﻻﺘﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺘم ﻨﻘﻝ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴد وﻴﺘم ﺘﻌزﻴـز اﻟﻘـﻴم اﻟﺴـﺎﺌدة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ٬ وأﺼـﺒﺢ
اﻷﻓـ ارد ﺴـﺘﻌﻤﻠون وﺴـﺎﺌﻝ اﻹﻋـﻼم ﻷﻏـ ارض ﻤﺘﻨوﻋـﺔ وﻴﺤﻘﻘـون اﺸـﺒﺎﻋﺎت ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ٬ وﻴﻘﻀـون ﻤﻌﻬـﺎ
أوﻗـﺎت ﻤﻤﺘﻌـﺔ (١) . وﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ٬ ﺴـﻌت اﻟﻘﻨـوات اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺌﻴﺔ (اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ واﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴـﺔ) ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺠﺘـذاب اﻟﻤﺸـﺎﻫد
ﻟﻤﺸـﺎﻫدة ﺒ ارﻤﺠﻬـﺎ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﺴـﻌﻴﻬﺎ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﺘطـوﻴر ﻓـﻲ ﻤوادﻫـﺎ اﻟﺒ ارﻤﺠﻴـﺔ ﺒﺼـورة ﻋﺎﻤـﺔ واﻟﺨدﻤــﺔ
اﻹﺨﺒﺎرﻴـﺔ ﺒوﺠـﻪ ﺨـﺎص . ﻓﻘـد ﻛـﺎن اﻟﺴـﺒق اﻟﺼـﺤﻔﻲ ( اﻹﺨﺒــﺎري ) ﻫـو اﻟﺼـﻔﺔ اﻟﺒــﺎرزة ﻓـﻲ ﻫــذﻩ
اﻟﻘﻨــوات ﻋﺒــر اﻟﺘرﻛﻴــز ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻷﺨﺒــﺎر ﺸــدﻴدة اﻹﺜــﺎرة ٬ ﺒﺎﻹﻀــﺎﻓﺔ إﻟــﻰ ﺘﻘــدﻴم ﺘﻔﺴــﻴ ارت ﻋــن ﻫــذﻩ
اﻷﺤـداث ٬ ﻛﻤـﺎ إﻨﻬـﺎ ﻟﻌﺒـت ( اﻟﻘﻨـوات ) دو اًر ﻤﻬﻤـﺎً ﻋـن طرﻴـق إﻴﺼـﺎﻝ ﺒﺜﻬـﺎ إﻟـﻰ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘـﻴن

ﺒﺎﻟﺒث اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸر . (٢)
PREDICTION OF AMINO ACID CONTENTS OF CASSAVA ROOT FROM CRUDE PROTEIN AND ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
Authors: Olanloye Silifat Adewunmi , Fafiolu Adeboye Olusesan , Egbeyale Lawrence Tokunbo , Adebayo Adebayo Vincent , Alade Adelaja Augustine , Oguntoye Mutiu , Ogunsola Idris Abolore , Oluwatosin Oluseyi 
Published: January 2024

This study aimed at predicting and evaluating the variation in the amino acids of cassava roots from their crude protein. Nutrient composition of cassava roots were obtained from previous studies and descriptive statistics, correlations and prediction models were developed using stepwise multiple regression analyses. The results indicated that variations occurred among the amino acid content of cassava roots from different sources. The amino acid component with the highest coefficient of variance was Tryptophan (364.2 %) while the least was Alanine (38.41 %). Glutamine had the highest mean value (0.25 %) while the least value was Cysteine (0.01 %). Positive and negative correlations existed between the amino acid content at 1 and 5 % levels of significance. Equations generated for Total Essential Amino acid (TEA) and Total Amino Acid (TAA) revealed that r2 increased as the number of variables increased, Prediction equations generated values for TEA and TAA of cassava roots were much close to the actual values obtained.
EFFECTS OF FERMENTED PAWPAW SEEDS ON PERFORMANCE, ORGAN AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: AKINDURO Victor , OLORUNTOLA Olugbenga David , ASANIYAN Emmanuel Kehinde , OSUNKEYE Olumuyiwa Jacob , OYEBISI Motolani Adesola 
Published: January 2024

Pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed is often seen as the waste product of pawpaw fruit noted for being discarded after every peel of pawpaw fruit. However, studies have shown that it has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties, which formed the basis for this investigative studies. The study was designed to investigate the effect of fermented dried pawpaw seed fed at varying level of inclusion in the diets of broiler chicken at finisher stage on their general performance, carcass and organs characteristics. Two hundred day old chicks were used for the experiment and were exposed to the same management procedure throughout the starter phase (0 − 4 weeks). One hundred and fifty birds were then selected randomly and divided into 5 treatments of 30 birds per treatment and replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. The pulverized fermented dried pawpaw seed was added into the broiler finisher diet in the proportion of 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and were allotted to treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Initial weight, feed intake, daily feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio was measured and calculated. Significant differences across all the treatments for the carcass weight was noticed (P < 0.05). However, the result also showed that there was no significant difference in the organs across all treatments except for the kidney and the proventriculus. However, de-feathered weight at 15 % level of inclusion was the highest, meaning the birds could still tolerate the test ingredient up to that level, however, the birds were at best on 10 % inclusion level as they recorded the highest weight gain next to the control. A case of depressed appetite was noticed in treatment 5 (20 %), which brought about the poor weight gained recorded, compared to other treatments. The result of this study showed that the use of the fermented dried pawpaw seed flour can be tolerated up to about 10 % inclusion as it gave the lowest FCR (feed conversion ratio) which could bring about high profitability, hence, encourage more people to go into Poultry business.
MANEJO DE CRISES DE ANSIEDADE E PÂNICO EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: CONDIÇÕES MULTIFATORIAIS
Authors: Albuquerque Manuela Wanderley Carneiro de , Godinho Nathan Joseph Silva , Pinto Brunna Lopes , Ferreira Pedro Gabriel Alves , Laudares Thaiza Guimarães , Junior João Carlos Lourenço , Santos Ana Júlia Castro , Bezerra Rafaela Caetano , Boas Beatriz Zambon Villas , Santos Camilla Diniz Cavalcante de Araújo , Filho Fabian Sousa Gonzaga , Servin Beatriz Teixeira Noguera , Serafim Daniel Soares , Costa Mylena Caiaffo , Sartori Caroline Barnabé , Prado Gabriel Corrêa do , Afonso Daniele Martins , Giacomelli Rodrigo Alves , Severino Victhor Franco Souto , Silva Amanda Peixoto , Jesus Gabriel Bernardo de , Lima Augusto Henrique Freitas , Paula Lorena Ribeiro Lima de , Cornacchia Camila , Curzio Hadison Santos Nogueira , Nascimento Maria Helena Lima 
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é explorar as nuances e estratégias no manejo de crises de ansiedade e pânico em crianças e adolescentes, reconhecendo as condições multifatoriais envolvidas. Busca-se oferecer insights e orientações práticas para profissionais de saúde, pais e educadores na abordagem dessas complexidades no contexto pediátrico. Metodologia: Foram exploradas várias plataformas acadêmicas, como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Scielo, durante a pesquisa. Os termos-chave "crise de ansiedade", "síndrome do pânico", "crianças" e "adolescentes" foram utilizados. A abordagem PICO (População; Intervenção; Comparação; Outcome) foi empregada para aprimorar a busca, delimitando a população-alvo, as intervenções estudadas, comparações quando relevantes e os desfechos de interesse. Resultados: O estudo destaca a necessidade de abordagens personalizadas no manejo de crises de ansiedade e pânico em crianças e adolescentes, considerando a diversidade de fatores envolvidos. Intervenções adaptadas às peculiaridades individuais e uma compreensão aprofundada das condições multifatoriais são fundamentais para promover um impacto positivo no bem-estar emocional desses jovens. Conclusão: A abordagem sensível e ética no diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome do pânico em crianças e adolescentes, considerando fatores culturais, é essencial para promover intervenções eficazes e centradas no paciente, garantindo o bem-estar e respeitando as complexidades individuais.
New Approaches to Etiotropic Therapy of ARVI Patients with Riamilovir
Authors: Zhdanov K. V. , Maltsev О. V. , Kasyanenko K. V. , Kozlov K. V. , Sukachev V. S. , Lvov N. I. , Sharabhanov V. V. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of Riamilovir in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection using several dosage regimens of the drug.Material and Methods. The clinical efficacy and safety of Riamilovir were evaluated based on the results of a study, that included 150 patients in three comparative groups, 50 patients each. The research groups received etiotropic antiviral therapy with 1 capsule (250 mg) of Riamilovir 3 times per day for 5 days in the first group; in the second group, patients received Riamilovir off-label — 1 capsule (250 mg) 5 times per day for 5 days; and the third group included 50 patients who received only pathogenetic treatment.Results. As a result of the study, Riamilovir demonstrated a high safety profile regardless of the dosage regimen; no adverse events were registered. It was shown that Riamilovir use, regardless of the dosage regimen, led to a statistically significant reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment. It should be noted that the shortest periods of hospitalization were observed in patients who received the studied drug at increased daily dosages. Riamilovir was found to reduce the duration and severity of general infectious signs of the disease, while complete elimination of ARVI pathogens occurred by the 6th day of hospitalization; the shortest total duration of fever and a number of respiratory tract syndromes was registered among patients receiving Riamilovir at a daily dose of 1250 mg for 5 days.Conclusion. The etiotropic antiviral drug Riamilovir has shown clinical efficacy when used in both treatment regimens in patients with acute respiratory viral infections, as well as a good safety profile.
Cardiotoxic Drugs Used in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Zmitrukevich A. S. , Mamedova A. E. 
Published: January 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Insufficient attention is paid to the cardiotoxic potential of the drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19.Aim. A brief report on the effect of the drugs commonly used in the treatment of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system.Discussion. Various medications have been used to treat COVID-19. Some of the most common drugs include hydroxychloroquine, remdesvir, favipiravir, fluoroquinolones, interferon-α2b, glucocorticoids, molnupiravir, and ritonavir/nirmatrelvir. Most medications can cause changes in the cardiovascular system, especially in the QT interval.Conclusions. Physicians should take into account the cardiotoxic potential of all medications used in the treatment of COVID-19. Therapists and general practitioners should be aware of cardiovascular risks in the management of patients with COVID-19, as well as the prophylactic medical examinations of the population.
Implementation of an online spacing flanker task and evaluation of its test–retest reliability using measures of inhibitory control and the distribution of spatial attention
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Pitt Mark A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen, Perception & Psychophysics, 16(1), 143-149, 1974) has been highly influential and widely used in studies of visual attention. Its simplicity has made it popular to include it in experimental software packages and online platforms. The spacing flanker task (SFT), in which the distance between the target and flankers varies, is useful for studying the distribution of attention across space as well as inhibitory control. Use of the SFT requires that the viewing environment (e.g., stimulus size and viewing distance) be controlled, which is a challenge for online delivery. We implement and evaluate an online version of the SFT that includes two calibration pretests to provide the necessary control. Test–retest and split-half reliability of the online version was compared with a laboratory version on measures of inhibitory control and measures of the distribution of attention across space. Analyses show that the online SFT is comparable to laboratory testing on all measures. Results also identify two measures with good test–retest reliability that hold promise for studying performance in the SFT: the mean flanker effect (ICC = 0.745) and RTs on incongruent trials across distances (ICC = 0.65–0.71).