bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food–energy–water nexus optimization brings substantial reduction of urban resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Zhang Lixiao , Hao Yan , Xu Ming , Pang Mingyue , Wang Changbo , Yang Aidong , Voinov Alexey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Urban sustainability is a key to achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). Secure and efficient provision of food, energy, and water (FEW) resources is a critical strategy for urban sustainability. While there has been extensive discussion on the positive effects of the FEW nexus on resource efficiency and climate impacts, measuring the extent to which such synergy can benefit urban sustainability remains challenging. Here, we have developed a systematic and integrated optimization framework to explore the potential of the FEW nexus in reducing urban resource demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Demonstrated using the Metropolis Beijing, we have identified that the optimized FEW nexus can reduce resource consumption and GHG emissions by 21.0 and 29.1%, respectively. These reductions come with increased costs compared to the siloed FEW management, but it still achieved a 16.8% reduction in economic cost compared to the business-as-usual scenario. These findings underscore the significant potential of FEW nexus management in enhancing urban resource efficiency and addressing climate impacts, while also identifying strategies to address trade-offs and increase synergies.
Unraveling the hierarchical structure of posture and muscle activity changes during mating of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wan Yufeng , Macias Luca Henze , Garcia Luis Rene 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
One goal of neurobiology is to explain how decision-making in neuromuscular circuits produces behaviors. However, two obstacles complicate such efforts: individual behavioral variability and the challenge of simultaneously assessing multiple neuronal activities during behavior. Here, we circumvent these obstacles by analyzing whole animal behavior from a library of Caenorhabditis elegans male mating recordings. The copulating males express the GCaMP calcium sensor in the muscles, allowing simultaneous recording of posture and muscle activities. Our library contains wild type and males with selective neuronal desensitization in serotonergic neurons, which include male-specific posterior cord motor/interneurons and sensory ray neurons that modulate mating behavior. Incorporating deep learning–enabled computer vision, we developed a software to automatically quantify posture and muscle activities. By modeling, the posture and muscle activity data are classified into stereotyped modules, with the behaviors represented by serial executions and transitions among the modules. Detailed analysis of the modules reveals previously unidentified subtypes of the male's copulatory spicule prodding behavior. We find that wild-type and serotonergic neurons–suppressed males had different usage preferences for those module subtypes, highlighting the requirement of serotonergic neurons in the coordinated function of some muscles. In the structure of the behavior, bi-module repeats coincide with most of the previously described copulation steps, suggesting a recursive “repeat until success/give up” program is used for each step during mating. On the other hand, the transition orders of the bi-module repeats reveal the sub-behavioral hierarchy males employ to locate and inseminate hermaphrodites.
Photon counting intensity interferometry in the blue at a 0.5 m telescope
Authors: Karl Sebastian , Richter Stefan , von Zanthier Joachim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intensity interferometry is a re-emerging interferometry tool that alleviates some of the challenges of amplitude interferometry at the cost of reduced sensitivity. We demonstrate the feasibility of intensity interferometry with fast single-photon counting detectors at small telescopes by utilizing a telescope of diameter of merely 0.5 m. The entire measurement set-up, including collimation, optical filtering, and two single-photon detectors, is attached directly to the telescope without the use of optical fibres, facilitated by the large area of our single-photon detectors. For digitization and timing, we utilize a time-to-amplitude-converter. Observing α Lyrae (Vega) for a total exposure time of 32.4 h over the course of six nights, an auto-correlation signal with a contrast of (9.5 ± 2.7) × 10−3 and a coherence time of (0.34 ± 0.12) ps at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.8 is measured. The result fits well to preceding laboratory tests as well as expectations calculated from the optical and electronic characteristics of our measurement set-up. This measurement, to our knowledge, constitutes the first time that a bunching signal with starlight was measured in the B band with single-photon counting detectors. Simultaneously, this is to date the stellar intensity interferometry measurement utilizing the smallest telescope. Our successful measurement shows that intensity interferometry can be adopted not only at large-scale facilities, but also at readily available and inexpensive smaller telescopes.
Updates on thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period
Authors: Rosenberger Kelly D. , Parker Natalie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
NPs play a pivotal role in caring for pregnant people. This article provides an overview of gestational and postpartum thyroid disorders, including their assessment, management, and indications for referral. The goal of this article is to help providers better assess and manage thyroid disorders during pregnancy and improve patient outcomes.
The primary care NP's guide to prevention and management of falls in older adults
Authors: Mark Janice A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Falls are a growing health concern affecting older adults (defined as ages 65 years and older) that can lead to devastating consequences. NPs in primary care settings play an important role in the prevention and management of older adult falls. Methods and resources to screen for fall risk, assess risk factors, and manage falls in older adults are discussed.
Casting shadows of perception
Authors: Stoltzner Pauline , Duncan Cameron 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Hallucinations can be caused by biological, psychological, neurological, ophthalmological, and environmental factors. This article discusses a selection of the various conditions that can present with visual disturbances and hallucinations including schizophrenia, HIV, neurosyphilis, hyperammonemia, migraine, substance use, brain tumors, sleep disturbances, thyroid disorders, delirium, ophthalmologic conditions, and Lewy body dementia, providing an overview of the differential diagnosis of visual hallucinations. The mechanisms by which these conditions can lead to hallucinations are also discussed, and insight into the recommended medical workup for each is provided.
Food allergies
Authors: Mello Inola , Spencer Michelle , Day Mercedes , Kuzin Julie , Bruce Kellie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Food allergies are on the rise; the incidence and types of foods implicated have increased worldwide. While peanut allergies are the most well-known, allergies exist to almost all types of foods. This article discusses various types of food allergies along with the most recent prevention and treatment strategies.
Mesenteric ischemia in the acute care setting
Authors: Bagley Kimberly , Schuller Jana Grissom 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Mesenteric ischemia is a group of disorders requiring prompt identification, supportive care, and treatment. Chronic mesenteric ischemia can develop into acute mesenteric ischemia, which has high mortality. Acute mesenteric ischemia can be occlusive (caused by arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, or mesenteric venous thrombosis) or nonocclusive, with treatment depending on the underlying cause.
Data Equity for Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander People in Reproductive Health Research
Authors: Heyrana Katrina J. , Kaneshiro Bliss , Soon Reni , Nguyen Brian T. , Natavio Melissa F. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;142(4))
Policymakers and public health researchers often exclude Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) people, who make up 6.0% and 0.2% of the US population, respectively, from discussions of racial, social, and health inequity. The omission of Asian American and NHPI populations is multifactorial and includes geographic concentration in certain regions, the high number of cultural and linguistic subgroups bundled together, and the faulty assumption that these groups collectively enjoy better health outcomes than their counterparts of other races and ethnicities.
Use and Clinical Relevancy of Pericapsular Nerve Block (PENG) in Total Hip Arthroplasty - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pai Poonam , Amor Daniel , Lai Yan H. , Echevarria Ghislaine C. 
Published: January 2024

Background:Ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is an emerging regional anesthesia technique that may provide analgesia for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasties (THA). There are clinical studies comparing this fascial plane block to other established methods, however, evidence on the actual efficacy of this block for THA continues to evolve.Objective:Available clinical studies conducted over the past 4 years, were reviewed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and effectiveness of PENG block in patients undergoing THAs.Methods:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients undergoing THA, where PENG block was compared to no block, placebo/sham block (injection with saline), or other analgesic techniques including suprainguinal fascia iliaca block (FIB), or periarticular infiltration (PAI) was performed. Our primary outcome was opioid consumption during the first 24 hours. Secondary outcomes were postoperative rest and dynamic pain scores at 6-12, 24 and 48 hours, block performance time, sensory motor assessment, quadriceps weakness, incidence of postoperative falls, first analgesic request, block and opioid related complications, surgical complications, patient satisfaction scores, post anesthesia care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, and functional and quality of life outcomes.Results:We included 12 RCTs with a total of 705 patients. Data showed that PENG block decreased 24-hour oral morphine milligram equivalent consumption by a mean difference (MD) of 3.75 mg (95%CI: -5.96,−1.54;P=0.0009). No statistically significant differences in rest or dynamic pain were found, except for a modest MD reduction in dynamic pain score of 0.55 points (95% CI: −0.98, −0.12;P=0.01), measured 24 hours after surgery in favor of PENG block.Conclusions:Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PENG block provides better analgesia, measured as MME use, in the first 24 hours after THA, with no real impact on postoperative VAS scores. Despite statistical significance, the high heterogeneity across RCTs implies that PENG’s benefits may not surpass the minimal clinically important difference threshold for us to recommend PENG as best practice in THA.
Antithrombin Levels and Heparin Responsiveness during Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Prospective Single-center Cohort Study
Authors: Mansour Alexandre , Berahou Mathilde , Odot Joscelyn , Pontis Adeline , Parasido Alessandro , Reizine Florian , Launey Yoann , Garlantézec Ronan , Flecher Erwan , Lecompte Thomas , Nesseler Nicolas , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle 
Published: January 2024

Background
Unfractionated heparin, administered during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to prevent thromboembolic events, largely depends on plasma antithrombin for its antithrombotic effects. Decreased heparin responsiveness seems frequent on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; however, its association with acquired antithrombin deficiency is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe longitudinal changes in plasma antithrombin levels during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and evaluate the association between antithrombin levels and heparin responsiveness. The hypothesis was that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support would be associated with acquired antithrombin deficiency and related decreased heparin responsiveness.

Methods
Adults receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were prospectively included. All patients received continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin using a standardized protocol (target anti-Xa 0.3 to 0.5 IU/ml). For each patient, arterial blood was withdrawn into citrate-containing tubes at 11 time points (from hour 0 up to day 7). Anti-Xa (without dextran or antithrombin added) and antithrombin levels were measured. The primary outcome was the antithrombin plasma level. In the absence of consensus, antithrombin deficiency was defined as a time-weighted average of antithrombin less than or equal to 70%. Data regarding clinical management and heparin dosage were collected.

Results
Fifty patients, including 42% postcardiotomy, were included between April 2020 and May 2021, with a total of 447 samples. Median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration was 7 (interquartile range, 4 to 12) days. Median antithrombin level was 48% (37 to 60%) at baseline. Antithrombin levels significantly increased throughout the follow-up. Time-weighted average of antithrombin levels was 63% (57 to 73%) and was less than or equal to 70% in 32 (64%) of patients. Overall, 45 (90%) patients had at least one antithrombin value less than 70%, and 35 (70%) had at least one antithrombin value less than 50%. Antithrombin levels were not significantly associated with heparin responsiveness evaluated by anti-Xa assay or heparin dosage.

Conclusions
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was associated with a moderate acquired antithrombin deficiency, mainly during the first 72 h, that did not correlate with heparin responsiveness.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Effects of Age on the Auditory Cortex During Speech Perception in Noise: Evidence From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Songjian , Chen Younuo , Liang Ying , Chen Ting , Wang Yuan , Fu Xinxing , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Age-related speech perception difficulties may be related to a decline in central auditory processing abilities, particularly in noisy or challenging environments. However, how the activation patterns related to speech stimulation in different noise situations change with normal aging has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of noisy environments and aging on patterns of auditory cortical activation.

Design:
We analyzed the functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals of 20 young adults, 21 middle-aged adults, and 21 elderly adults, and evaluated their cortical response patterns to speech stimuli under five different signal to noise ratios (SNRs). In addition, we analyzed the behavior score, activation intensity, oxyhemoglobin variability, and dominant hemisphere, to investigate the effects of aging and noisy environments on auditory cortical activation.

Results:
Activation intensity and oxyhemoglobin variability both showed a decreasing trend with aging at an SNR of 0 dB; we also identified a strong correlation between activation intensity and age under this condition. However, we observed an inconsistent activation pattern when the SNR was 5 dB. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the left hemisphere may be more susceptible to aging than the right hemisphere. Activation in the right hemisphere was more evident in older adults than in the left hemisphere; in contrast, younger adults showed leftward lateralization.

Conclusions:
Our analysis showed that with aging, auditory cortical regions gradually become inflexible in noisy environments. Furthermore, changes in cortical activation patterns with aging may be related to SNR conditions, and that understandable speech with a low SNR ratio but still understandable may induce the highest level of activation. We also found that the left hemisphere was more affected by aging than the right hemisphere in speech perception tasks; the left-sided dominance observed in younger individuals gradually shifted to the right hemisphere with aging.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of Pelvic Obliquity Measurement Methods in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Kisacik Pinar , Bazancir-Apaydin Zilan , Apaydin Hakan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Despite the importance of the assessment of pelvic obliquity, especially in the planning of surgery, there is no consensus on the pelvic obliquity measurements. The purpose of this study is to assess the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of 4 different pelvic obliquity measuring methods in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS): the Osebold, O’Brien, Maloney, and Allen&Ferguson methods.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort of 85 posteroanterior full-spine radiographs in the standing position of patients with IS involving the pelvic obliquity was evaluated by a team of 3 raters. The same researcher recorded the curve magnitude, apical vertebral rotation, Risser grade, curve pattern, and femoral head height difference. The pelvic obliquity angle was measured using the Osebold, O’Brien, Maloney, and Allen&Ferguson methods. The same graders were asked to regrade the same radiographs after at least 1 month.

Results:
The Osebold method showed the highest interobserver reliability with an ICC of 0.994 and 0.983. The Allen&Ferguson method had the lowest reliability with an ICC of 0.911 and 0.934, but all of the methods were considered having excellent reliability. The Osebold method also showed the highest intraobserver reliability, ranging from 0.909 to 0.997. The Allen&Ferguson method had the lowest intraobserver reliability, with a range of 0.741 to 0.960. Also, all observers preferred the Osebold Method. The observers reported that the Allen&Ferguson method was considered the most time-consuming method, while the least time-consuming method was specified as the Osebold method.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of pelvic obliquity among common measurement methods in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. All methods were evaluated as having excellent to good reliability in this study, but the Osebold method is the most reliable method of measuring pelvic obliquity on a frontal view radiograph in idiopathic scoliosis. The Osebold method is easier to use as it requires only the iliac crests to be visualized.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—Retrospective cohort study.
Lumbar Lordosis Redistribution and Segmental Correction in Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Diebo Bassel G. , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , Lafage Renaud , Daher Mohammad , Singh Manjot , Hamilton D. Kojo , Smith Justin S. , Eastlack Robert K. , Fessler Richard , Gum Jeffrey L. , Gupta Munish C. , Hostin Richard , Kebaish Khaled M. , Lewis Stephen , Line Breton G. , Nunley Pierce D. , Mundis Gregory M. , Passias Peter G. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Turner Jay , Buell Thomas , Scheer Justin K. , Mullin Jeffery , Soroceanu Alex , Ames Christopher P. , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , Burton Douglas C. , Daniels Alan H. ,   on behalf of the International Spine Study Group (ISSG)
Published: January 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
Evaluate the impact of correcting normative segmental lordosis values on postoperative outcomes.

Background.
Restoring lumbar lordosis magnitude is crucial in adult spinal deformity surgery, but the optimal location and segmental distribution remain unclear.

Patients and Methods.
Patients were grouped based on offset to normative segmental lordosis values, extracted from recent publications. Matched patients were within 10% of the cohort’s mean offset, less than or over 10% were undercorrected and overcorrected. Surgical technique, patient-reported outcome measures, and surgical complications were compared across groups at baseline and two years.

Results.
In total, 510 patients with a mean age of 64.6, a mean Charlson comorbidity index 2.08, and a mean follow-up of 25 months. L4-5 was least likely to be matched (19.1%), while L4-S1 was the most likely (24.3%). More patients were overcorrected at proximal levels (T10-L2; undercorrected, U: 32.2% vs. matched, M: 21.7% vs. overcorrected, O: 46.1%) and undercorrected at distal levels (L4-S1: U: 39.0% vs. M: 24.3% vs. O: 36.8%). Postoperative Oswestry disability index was comparable across correction groups at all spinal levels except at L4-S1 and T10-L2/L4-S1, where overcorrected patients and matched were better than undercorrected (U: 32.1 vs. M: 25.4 vs. O: 26.5, P=0.005; U: 36.2 vs. M: 24.2 vs. O: 26.8, P=0.001; respectively). Patients overcorrected at T10-L2 experienced higher rates of proximal junctional failure (U: 16.0% vs. M: 15.6% vs. O: 32.8%, P<0.001) and had greater posterior inclination of the upper instrumented vertebrae (U: −9.2±9.4° vs. M: −9.6±9.1° vs. O: −12.2±10.0°, P<0.001), whereas undercorrection at these levels led to higher rates of revision for implant failure (U: 14.2% vs. M: 7.3% vs. O: 6.4%, P=0.025).

Conclusions.
Patients undergoing fusion for adult spinal deformity suffer higher rates of proximal junctional failure with overcorrection and increased rates of implant failure with undercorrection based on normative segmental lordosis.

Level of Evidence.
Level IV.
Impact of Racial/Ethnic Disparities on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Oleisky Emily R. , Master Hiral , Davidson Claudia , Coronado Rogelio A. , Brintz Carrie E. , Archer Kristin R. 
Published: January 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of data from the cervical module of a National Spine Registry, the Quality Outcomes Database.

Objective.
To examine the association of race and ethnicity with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at one year after cervical spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Evidence suggests that Black individuals are 39% to 44% more likely to have postoperative complications and a prolonged length of stay after cervical spine surgery compared with Whites. The long-term recovery assessed with PROMs after cervical spine surgery among Black, Hispanic, and other non-Hispanic groups (i.e. Asian) remains unclear.

Materials and Methods.
PROMs were used to assess disability (neck disability index) and neck/arm pain preoperatively and one-year postoperative. Primary outcomes were disability and pain, and not being satisfied from preoperative to 12 months after surgery. Multivariable logistic and proportional odds regression analyses were used to determine the association of racial/ethnic groups [Hispanic, non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and non-Hispanic Asian (NHA)] with outcomes after covariate adjustment and to compute the odds of each racial/ethnic group achieving a minimal clinically important difference one-year postoperatively.

Results.
On average, the sample of 14,429 participants had significant reductions in pain and disability, and 87% were satisfied at one-year follow-up. Hispanic and NHB patients had higher odds of not being satisfied (40% and 80%) and having worse pain outcomes (30%–70%) compared with NHW. NHB had 50% higher odds of worse disability scores compared with NHW. NHA reported similar disability and neck pain outcomes compared with NHW.

Conclusions.
Hispanic and NHB patients had worse patient-reported outcomes one year after cervical spine surgery compared with NHW individuals, even after adjusting for potential confounders, yet there was no difference in disability and neck pain outcomes reported for NHA patients. This study highlights the need to address inherent racial/ethnic disparities in recovery trajectories following cervical spine surgery.