bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLIOMA-06 THE GLIOMA CONNECTOME PROJECT – UPDATE
Authors: Brem Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ability to define specific fiber tracts in individual patients before, during and following surgery represents a major advance in neurosurgical oncology. The Human Connectome Project (Glasser, 2016) generated insights into the organization of critically important “hubs” and pathways (edges) defining 7 major networks. There is a paradigm shift in our view of neurological functions from an outdated “modular” concept to a network perspective (Fox, 2018). Connectomics affects all branches of clinical neuroscience, including neuropsychiatry, stroke, trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, and especially glioblastoma. We first developed individualized maps of white matter (WM) pathways for a connectivity-based paradigm for neurosurgical planning (Tunç, 2016). We reviewed the principles and the potential applications of connectomics in the neurosurgical treatment of gliomas (Henderson, 2020). Working with key thought leaders, experienced neurosurgeons, and scientific partners (Omniscient Neurotechnology; Michael Sughrue), we developed the Glioma Connectome Project protocol, accruing the first patients at the University of Pennsylvania (UPCC#22321), funded by the StacheStrong, and now accruing patients nationwide: U. Miami (PI, Michael Ivan), Northwestern (PI, Matthew Tate), U. of Nebraska (Michele Aizenberg), Henry Ford Hospital (Ian Lee), University of Texas (Yoshua Esquenazi), and U. Pittsburgh (Costas Hadjipanayis). The specific aims of the GCP include 1) validation of connectomic metrics (global efficiency, FWHM, betweenness centrality, etc.); 2) cognitive correlates using the NIH Toolbox; 3) mapping the trajectory of recovery; 4) the effects of treatment at the level of WM fiber tracts; 5) re-imagining surgical approaches and 6) developing biomarkers for “virtual trials” to assess response to therapy. In the past 2.5 years since the inception of the GCP, we have overcome numerous technical and organizational challenges to develop a federated system to harmonize “big data”. The scientific and practical lessons learned will be highlighted.
GLIOMA-08 INTRACRANIAL HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA MANAGEMENT IN COTE D’IVOIRE : ABOUT 19 COALIGATED CASES FROM MARCH 2019 TO JUNE 2021
Authors: Drogba Landry , Diaby Raïssa , Djondé Grace , Konan Landry , Okamon Jean-Marcel , Meuga Wilfried , N'Dri Dominique 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Intracranial malignant gliomas are serious conditions that constitute a therapeutic challenge. In Côte d'Ivoire, since 2019, their care meets international standards with the advent of the National Center of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology Alassane Ouattara and interdisciplinary consultation meetings. Our objective was to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of patients treated for high-grade gliomas in Côte d'Ivoire.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We realized from March 2019 to June 2021, a retrospective cohort study on 19 patients with malignant intracranial glioma, without distinction of age and sex, whether alive or deceased. They were 12 male patients and 07 female patients. The parameters studied were, among others, the type and quality of complementary treatment, the evolution under treatment, and the time to onset of recurrence and death.

RESULTS
The time to consultation was early in 57.9% of cases. High ICP syndrome was the main reason for consultation at 51.6%, followed by neurological deficit. Surgery was performed on average in all patients within 30 days after imaging. The histological diagnosis of grade 4 glioma was pronounced in 16 patients. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 94.7% of cases, associated with concomitant then adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide in 84.2% of patients. During the treatment, two cases of local recurrence were notified. At the end of the cohort, the death rate was estimated at 73.7%, with a median survival of 11 months and extremes ranging from 06 months to 34 months.

CONCLUSION
Despite the availability and application of reference therapeutic processes, malignant glioma remains, due to many factors related to our context, a very pejorative prognosis. This study should continue with the inclusion of a larger number of patients in order to review the state of play of the management of high-grade gliomas in Côte d'Ivoire.
OTHER-06 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRAIN AND SPINE TUMOURS – A SINGLE CENTRE DESCRIPTIVE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Banson Mabel , Siaw-Debrah Felix , Darko Kwadwo , Ametefe Mawuli , Bankah Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Brain and spine tumours are of significant public health concern and lead to severe morbidities and mortalities. The incidence is on the rise, ranking as the fifth (5th) leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Africa. Treatment and prognosis depend on age, tumour location, functional neurological status, extent of tumour resection and histological subtype of tumour. This study aims to describe the patient demographics, clinical presentation, and histological subtypes of central nervous system (CNS) tumours in the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. A retrospective review of the medical records and histopathology reports (reports presented to the unit) of all patients with CNS tumours operated upon in the Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital over the past 17years (2007-2023) was collated. The patients without definitive histopathological diagnosis were excluded from the study. Epidemiological data retrieved include clinical presentation, histological subtype, patient age and sex and the spatial distribution. A total of 327 tumour were recorded in the Neurosurgery unit: 85.3% were Brain Tumours. 178 (54.4%) were females and 149 (45.6%) males. Overall Meningiomas were the commonest CNS tumour encountered forming 32.1% followed by Gliomas, Glioneuronal and Neuronal tumours with 29.4% then Tumours of the Sella region, 19.6%. The commonest Meningioma subtype was Meningothelial (33%). Of the Gliomas, Low grade gliomas formed 69%. The commonest symptom for brain cases were headaches (59.1%) followed by visual impairment (33.0%). Of the spine cases, the prevalent symptom was paraparesis (46.2%) followed with low back pain and bowel and bladder dysfunction at 23.1% respectively. We concluded that Low grade tumours predominate in our setting. It is prudent that we channel efforts towards prompt diagnosis and treatment of such cases.
OTHER-10 EARLY CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF SRS AND SBRT STEREOTACTIC BODY RADIOTHERAPY FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) CASE SERIES AT HCG CANCER CENTRE, NAIROBI.
Authors: Ahmed Komen , Peter Rotich , Chandramoleswar Adarsh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), Stereotactic Radiotherapy(SRT) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) delivers fewer high-dose fractions of radiation which may be radiobiologically favorable to conventional low-dose fractions commonly used for central nervous system. We report our early experience using SBRT in central nervous tumours (CNS).

METHODS / INTRODUCTION
Sequential patients treated with SBRT from December 2022 to May 2023 at HCG Cancer Care Kenya for CNS tumours will be included in this retrospective review of early clinical data collected in the institutional database. SBRT treatments were delivered using VersaHD Linac with doses ranging from 36.25Gy to 30Gy delivered in 3 to 5 fractions. Local guidelines have been developed to guide stereotactic radiotherapy treatments in Kenya. The national health insurer is currently reimbursing for stereotactic treatments would further increases the uptake. Discussion The CNS cases that has been treated locally with SRS/SRT/SBRT with CNS case series shall be evaluated under clinical presentation, treatment planning process in recurrent Meningioma, Glomus tymphanicum and brain metastasis. The radiobiological advantage of SRS/SRT/SBRT over conventional radiotherapy is the short course treatment with minimal toxicity. SRS/SBRT is not oxygen dependent tumor DNA damage but related to endothelial cell damage from apoptosis. The treatment volume margins in CNS cancers are tight to a millimeter hence rigid immobilization with head fraxion frame is required. The turnaround time from diagnosis, planning to treatment delivery for the patients is 72 hours.

RESULTS
30 patients underwent SBRT treatment techniques varying from CNS and other sites. The case presentations in case series met the criteria and indications for SBRT treatment. The initial patient reported the treatment to be tolerable however currently we do have data on acute and long term in terms of both outcomes and toxicity. Follow up is needed to review and report on the outcomes.
OTHER-11 DEMENTIA AND EPILEPSY REVERSED SUCCESSFULLY THROUGH STAGED EMBOLISATION OF A SYMPTOMATIC HYPERVASCULAR PARAGANGLIOMA : A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sokhi Dilraj , Said Jamil , Nyambane Eunice , Hooker Juzar , Maina Ben , Cheserem Beverly , Mogere Edwin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Paragangliomas (PGs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that can arise from parasympathetic glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Atypical presentations involving seizures and dementia can occur due to excessive catecholamine release. Physiological intracranial arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) can occur concurrently due to increased vascularity, especially in the cavernous and sigmoid sinuses.

METHODS
We present a case of a patient who developed a highly vascular AVF from an ipsilateral glomus jugulare PG, presenting with rapidly progressive but reversible dementia and epilepsy. CASE: A 64-year-old lady presented on several occasions with new-onset stereotyped episodes of confusional dysphasia suggestive of seizures, confirmed on electroencephalography. Further history revealed two years of progressive deafness and imbalance, and one year of increasing forgetfulness and executive dysfunction, which had deteriorated rapidly in the period of the patient's current presentations. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score was 21/30 at baseline (normal score &gt;25/30), and she had no lateralising signs. Serial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed progressively worsening vasculopathic white matter hyper-intensities (WMHs). Eventual MR angiography showed a 14x22×23mm right glomus jugulotympanicum PG with numerous feeding arteries, and associated multiple AVFs (Cognard grade III). She was initially managed with anti-seizure medications and then discussed in our multidisciplinary neurosciences meeting. The patient underwent staged right glomus jugulare embolization over several weeks. Her cognitive function gradually improved, and at three months she had fully returned to normal functioning with a MoCA of 30/30 and no residual neurological deficit. The WMHs disappeared on follow-up MRI scans.

CONCLUSION
Our case highlights a rare clinical presentation of dementia and seizures from a right glomus jugulare PG with associated AVF. Multidisciplinary involvement was key in excluding other causes, and definitive treatment of the PG led to complete reversal of the patient’s dementia.
PAEDIATRIC-02 ROLE OF INTRAOPERATIVE INTRATUMORAL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN RESECTION OF SOLID BRAIN TUMORS: CASE SERIES AND BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Lubuulwa James , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
The use of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been reported in surgical literature as one of the best agents for irrigation during neurosurgical procedures for many years due to its purported effects on mechanical debridement and its antiseptic and haemostatic properties although its use has been similarly surrounded by persistent controversy.

METHODS
We report the intraoperative use of hydrogen peroxide injection in tumour resection among four paediatric patients with different solid brain tumours which included tuberculoma, diffuse B cell lymphoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Following open craniotomy, 3mls of diluted 6% hydrogen peroxide were injected into the exposed solid tumour. The tumour became firmer and evidently more devascularized and this was followed with meticulous bipolar cauterization-resection of the tumour with the aim to achieve total resection.

RESULTS
Total tumour resection was achieved and the patients recovered uneventfully without any complications. None of the patients in our series developed gas embolism, dysrhythmias nor pneumocephalus.

DISCUSSION
Hydrogen peroxide irrigation is commonly utilised in neurosurgical procedures for its bactericidal and haemostatic effects. Although several authors have reported adverse complications in literature, we report the judicious safe use of H202 in tumour resection without adverse effects.

CONCLUSION
The authors report the safe use of intratumoral hydrogen peroxide in resection of solid tumours with aiding control of blood loss and improving resectability. Close observation by the anaesthesiology team is paramount for early detection of gas embolism to avoid adverse outcomes
Antenatal Smoking, Postnatal Passive Smoking, And The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Nicholl Jon , O’Cathain Alicia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Each year during the 1980s more than 6000 infants born in England and Wales died before reaching their first birthday. Roughly 20 per cent of all these infants deaths, 35 per cent of those occurring in the post-perinatal period, and 50 per cent of those occurring in the post-neonatal period, were certified as Sudden Infant Deaths (‘cot’ deaths) (Office of Population Censuses and Surveys 1987, 1988). The majority of these deaths are unexplained at necropsy (Arneil et al. 1985), and deaths are usually ascribed to the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) following Beckwith's (1970) definition. In numerous epidemiological studies of SIDS, smoking-usually maternal smoking during pregnancy-has been one of the key associated characteristics. It has been claimed that: 'whenever data have been available for analysis it has been shown that infants of women who smoked during their pregnancy were at increased risk of sudden death in infancy' (Golding et al. 1985).
Measuring Serum Cotinine To Aid In Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy And To Enhance Assessment Of Smoking-Related Fetal Morbidity
Authors: Haddow James E , Knight George J , Palomaki Glenn E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Several pregnancy outcome parameters have been extensively examined in relation to womens’ smoking habits during pregnancy, including most prominently, birth weight, length of gestation, fetal viability, and late pregnancy complications. Birth weights of infants born to mothers who smoke are, on average, approximately 200 glower than when mothers do not smoke, the infants are born slightly earlier, and there is a 30 per cent higher risk of fetal or infant death. Abruptio placentae also occurs more frequently. Most of the studies examining these relationships have relied upon the pregnant woman's report of her smoking status, including whether or not she smokes and, if so, how many cigarettes per day. Even though this measure of exposure has yielded reproducible data from many sources, there has been speculation that a proportion of the women might have been misclassified, either because they did not tell the truth or because variations in smoking technique or type of cigarette smoked might have affected the quantity of smoke products actually inhaled and absorbed into the bloodstream. If this were the case, and if a more objective measure of cigarette smoke exposure could be found, then it might become possible to describe the impact of maternal smoking on the pregnancy outcome parameters more accurately.
Epidemiology of the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Silman Alan J , Hochberg Marc C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This major reference work is the first comprehensive text to review in detail the data currently available on the epidemiology of the main rheumatic and musco-skeletal diseases. The problems of disease definition and criteria are considered with data on the occurrence of these diseases, both prevalence and incidence, and their variation with age, sex, geographical area, ethnic group, and trends over time. The results of epidemiological investigations,looking at both genetic and environmental risk factors, are considered and the impact of specific diseases of survival is also considered. Covering 15 disease areas from inflammatory joint disease and connective tissue disease to degenerative joint disease and non-articular conditions, such as low back pain and carpel tunnel syndrome, this is the only text available which offers full coverage of the subject with a truly international perspective.
The nature of elder abuse
Authors: McCreadie Claudine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1987, under the chairmanship of a local geriatrician, members of the Birmingham branch of BASE-the British Association for Service to the Elderly (a forum to further better care for older people)-decided that the issue of abuse to older people was a topic which they wanted to pursue at one of their bimonthly meetings. That first meeting became a catalyst for a series of wide-ranging discussions based on members’ experience, the record of which was later published.
Is Cancer an evolutionary inevitability?
Authors: Greaves Mel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Up until now, I’ve tried to provide an explanation of the evolutionary and biological mechanisms that underlie the development of a malignant clone of cells: an answer to the ‘what is it?’ question. It’s time now to tackle the more difficult and broader issues of why and how. One way to look at the problem is as an extension of the mechanical view and to consider that cancer is solely a consequence of inherent design faults in a rather sophisticated machine. Even Rolls Royces can break down through no fault of the driver. There is an evolutionary argument for this as I suggested at the beginning of this book. Here it is again as a reprise. Cancer can be viewed as an inevitable consequence or intrinsic evolutionary penalty of two essential characteristics of successful complex organisms, including humans: first, the requirement for sustained proliferative or regenerative activity, survival tactics, and mobility in the tissue stem cells in long-lived animals, coupled with accessible lymphatic and vascular channels for migration; second, the evolutionary advantage of having genetic recombination or gene shuffling mechanisms coupled with a lack of complete fidelity in DNA copying and repair.
Drug development and study design
Authors: Cassidy Jim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Drug development encompasses the entire process by which an idea in the mind of a scientist is converted into a therapeutic agent for the widespread benefit of mankind. The process of drug development in oncology is different from that employed in every other branch of medicine. These differences are often cited by our more traditional ‘mainstream’ clinical pharmacologist colleagues as the reasons why we have not been more successful in the quest for more effective therapies for this disease. Most of these differences can be easily explained by the very nature of neoplasia and the public reactions and perceptions which surround the disease.
Working Memory Dysfunction and its Relevance to Schizophrenia
Authors: Keefe Richard S E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is 20 000 years ago and you are running for your life. You have not eaten for days and your dinner-the woolly mammoth you and your fellow tribesmen are chasing-is getting away. You are using everything in your capacity to chase this beast down a sloping hillside. As you run down the hill, you are careful to keep the animal in your sights as you avoid rocks and bushes. You look ahead every 10 feet or so, note the landscape, and keep those images in your mind while you simultaneously note in which direction the animal is attempting to flee. Since you are not yet a cognitive psychologist, you are not aware of the elegance of the ability of your working memory system to keep these visuospatial images in mind while you are engaged in the important task of chasing your prey. You do not say to yourself: ‘Ah, yes, the visuospatial sketchpad!’You hear one of your primitive colleagues yelling to you that the mammoth has headed down a gorge, and that you should tum left and work your way past a grove of trees around the hill in order to force the animal into a trap that has been established. You have some awareness of having made mistakes when given directions like this before, so using the central executive part of your working memory system, you allocate cognitive resources to repeating the directions to yourself in your primitive tongue: ‘left, then right past trees, go down to trap’.
Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Palmer Barton W , Heaton Robert K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recognition of the potential importance of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia dates back to Kraepelin (1919). He noted that while many of the basic cognitive skills (such as memory/retention and general orientation) remain relatively intact in this disorder, apparent decrements in some skills, such as attention and judgment, appeared to reflect an underlying deficit in the process of volition. He further suggested that the deficits in ‘higher intellectual abilities’(p. 219) might reflect a propensity for the disorder to involve the frontal brain regions. It appears that he was not using the term ‘higher intellectual abilities’in the restricted sense as measured by contemporary IQ scales, but rather in a sense similar to contemporary notions of executive skills (Zee, 1995).
Relevance of neurocognitive deficits for functional outcome in schizophrenia
Authors: Green Michael Foster , Kern Robert S , Robertson Mary Jane , Sergi Mark J , Kee Kimmy S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In a research area characterized by differences of opinion, there is remarkable agreement on the point that neurocognitive deficits are part and parcel of schizophrenia. In other words, they generally do not derive from the symptoms of the disorder, nor are they a result of medication nor are they induced by institutionalization. On the contrary, many (though not all) of the neurocognitive deficits seem to reflect predisposition to the illness as opposed to the presence of illness. Hence, the neurocognitive deficits of schizophrenia can be considered central to the disorder.
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease)
Authors: Hodges John R , Miller Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The last decade has seen considerable advances in our understanding of the neurodegenerative diseases producing focal cognitive deficits typically involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes (most commonly referred to collectively as either Pick’s disease or, more recently, frontotemporal dementia [FTD]). These advances have come from the fields of neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, neuroimaging, and molecular genetics. Unfortunately the non-expert’s ability to follow these developments has been somewhat marred by the confusing plethora of terms in use. While some labels denote a clinical syndrome without specific histological implications (e.g. progressive aphasia, semantic dementia, or dementia of frontal type), others describe specific neuropathological entities (e.g. Pick’s disease, familial tauopathy), hybrid clinicopatho- logical entities (frontotemporal dementia), or even specific familial disorders (e.g. chromosome 17 linked frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism). While there is a close correspondence between symptoms and the site of pathology, the mapping between other levels is poor, so that it is very difficult to predict the exact pathology (from within the spectrum of Pick and Pick-like diseases). We prefer, therefore, a classification based upon the clinical presentation and distinguish three major clinical syndromes: dementia of frontal type, semantic dementia, and progressive non-fluent aphasia.