bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab initio computation of the UV resonance Raman intensity pattern of aqueous imidazole
Authors: Jarzȩcki Andrzej A. , Spiro Thomas G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe UV resonance Raman (RR) spectrum of aqueous imidazole was modeled by evaluating the gradients of the resonant π→π* excited state, using various levels of theory. To take account of H‐bonding effects, two water molecules were included in the model, one accepting an H‐bond from and the other donating an H‐bond to imidazole. The ground‐state geometry and force field of the ImH·2H2O complex was computed via SQM‐DFT theory, with the B3LYP functional, yielding good agreement with experimental vibrational wavenumbers for the in‐plane imidazole modes. Evaluation of excited‐state gradients with the semiempirical ZINDO method, which has previously been applied successfully to metalloporphyrin RR spectra, failed to reproduce the imidazole UVRR spectrum. However, the ab initio CIS method gave fairly good results. Agreement with the experimental intensity pattern improved when minimal STO‐3G or 3–21G* basis sets were upgraded to 6–31G*, but further refinement, to 6–31G**, did not alter the pattern, and addition of diffuse functions actually degraded the spectral quality. Likewise, more elaborate levels of ab initio theory, TDDFT and CASSCF(4,4), gave poorer agreement with experiment then CIS. Thus optimum modeling of the UVRR spectrum was achieved with the popular CIS/6–31G* methodology. Application of the Kramers–Kronig transform frequency correction to the ωk2 approximation (‘short‐time limit’) altered the intensity distribution only slightly. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The five dimensions of change: an integrated approach to strategic organizational change management
Authors: Victor Paul , Franckeiss Anton 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
This paper argues that organizational change is a complex activity that requires structure and process to be effective.
This structure and process needs to focus on all aspects of the change management model from developing the strategy through to operational implementation and evaluation. Lack of cohesion and alignment through this process will result in change programmes not being optimally devised or implemented.
The paper proposes a cyclical model or approach to organizational change that confirms the inherently iterative nature of the vast majority of change initiatives. This model, called the Five Dimensions of Change, defines each stage in detail and further identifies how each of the various stages are inextricably interlinked within successful organizational change management methodologies.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The antioxidant activity and stability of the phenolic fraction of green olives and extra virgin olive oil
Authors: Keceli Turkan , Gordon Michael H 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts from olives and olive oil has been assessed by scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and by studying the effects on the stability of stripped olive oil in the absence and presence of ferric chloride. The olive extracts contained a much higher concentration (1940–5800 mg kg−1) of phenolic components than the olive oil extract (180 mg kg−1). Some olive extracts were more effective than the olive oil extract in scavenging DPPH radicals, but the three varieties of olives examined showed relatively large differences in both polyphenol concentration and antioxidant activity of extracts. α‐Tocopherol and extracts from both olives and olive oil were effective antioxidants in stripped olive oil at 60 °C. Ferric chloride reduced the stability of stripped olive oil, but the olive extract studied was significantly more effective as an antioxidant in the presence of the metal salt than the olive oil extract or α‐tocopherol. Ferric ions catalysed the oxidation of caffeic acid, oleuropein and phenolic components of the olive and olive oil extracts in aqueous solution (pH 5.4). The olive extract oxidised more rapidly than the olive oil extract in aqueous solution.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Metastatic patterns of extremity myxoid liposarcoma and their outcome
Authors: Estourgie Susanne H. , Nielsen Gunnlaugur P. , Ott Mark J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExtremity myxoid liposarcomas have a unique extrapulmonary metastatic potential. We studied the metastatic pattern of extremity liposarcomas to determine what types of post‐treatment imaging may be of value in the follow‐up these patients.MethodsTwenty‐two patients from a total of 128 patients with primary extremity liposarcoma were treated at a tertiary care institution for subsequent metastases from January 1981 to January 2000. Median follow‐up was 45 months (range: 6–270 months). Data on these patients was prospectively collected and then retrospectively analyzed for effect of metastatic pattern and treatment on outcome.ResultsOf these 22 patients, extrapulmonary metastases developed in 10, combined pulmonary and extrapulmonary metastases developed in 6, and isolated pulmonary metastases developed in 6. Of the 16 patients with extrapulmonary metastases, 13 were of the myxoid subtype. Of the 49 patients with extremity myxoid liposarcomas, metastases developed in 14 (29%). The most common sites of metastases among these 14 patients include: the retroperitoneum, 10 patients (71)%; intra‐abdominal extrahepatic, 7 patients (50%); spinal/paraspinal, 6 patients (43%). Only 3 of the patients are alive and disease free and all 3 of these patients are from the subgroup of 10 patients with only extra‐pulmonary metastases (2 intra‐abdominal and 1 retroperitoneal).ConclusionsExtremity myxoid liposarcomas have an unusually high predilection for extra‐pulmonary metastases, frequently without any pulmonary metastases. After treatment of the primary tumor, these patients should be followed with periodic chest X‐ray and abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans. Any back or neurologic complaints should prompt additional imaging of the appropriate spinal area. Consideration should be given to surgical and adjuvant treatment of metastatic disease when appropriate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:89–93. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multivisceral resection for colon cancer
Authors: Luna‐Pérez Pedro , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Saúl E. , De La Barrera Marcos Gutiérrez , Zeferino Moisés , Labastida Sonia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of appropriate information in regard to the optimal treatment for colon cancer infiltrating neighboring organs.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to analyze treatment results and to identify the risk factors of death by cancer in these patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 40 patients with colon cancer infiltrating neighboring organs without distant metastases was carried out. Patterns of recurrence and 5‐year survival were analyzed.ResultsThe study included 20 males and 20 females with a median age of 51.5 years. Primary tumor location was as follows: right colon (n = 15); transverse colon (n = 5); left colon (n = 7), and sigmoid (n = 13). In 17 patients, the colon tumor infiltrated the abdominal wall alone or together with neighboring organs and in 23 patients, one or more neighboring organs were infiltrated. Eleven patients (27.5%) developed postoperative complications. Two patients (5%) died during the postoperative period. Microscopic tumor infiltration was demonstrated in 29 patients (72.5%). Tumor stage was as follows: T3,N0 (n = 8); T3,N+ (n = 3); T4,N0 (n = 16), and T4,N+ (n = 13). Overall 5‐year survival was 45%. Multivariate analysis shows that the unfavorable risk factors for 5‐year survival were neoplastic cell infiltration to neighboring organs, age > 50 years, and lymph node metastases.ConclusionsThe main risk factors for cancer‐related failure are neoplastic infiltration to neighboring organs, age > 50 years, and lymph node metastases. In T4 colon cancer, the recurrence pattern was found at local, peritoneal, and distant sites. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:100–104. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiomyolipoma of the liver
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Nan , Chen Miin‐Fu , Hung Chien‐Fu , Chen Tse‐Ching , Chao Tzu‐Chieh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAngiomyolipoma is a rare benign tumor that occurs in the liver and other organs. We provide data on eight cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma, regarding clinical presentations, diagnoses, management, and prognosis.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of the eight patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma treated at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital‐Taipei between October 1988 and October 1999.ResultsEight female patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma were identified, with ages ranging from 30 to 66 years (mean, 45.3 years). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, occurring in six of eight patients (75%). Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common preoperative diagnosis, occurring in three of eight patients (37.5%). Laparotomy was performed in seven of eight patients (87.5%). Among these seven patients, three patients (43%) received hepatic resection with 100% cure rate to date. One of the eight patients (12.5%) was closely follow up after diagnosis made by echo‐guided needle biopsy.ConclusionsHepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare and benign entity. It has a wide variation and poses a diagnostic challenge clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. Its prognosis is good regardless of management, including hepatic resection or conservative treatment after tissue biopsy by echo‐guided needle. To alleviate the mass effect, surgical resection may be needed for hepatic angiomyolipoma in selected cases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:195–200. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of stabilized criegee intermediates from the gas‐phase reactions of O3with selected alkenes
Authors: Baker Jillian , Aschmann Sara M. , Arey Janet , Atkinson Roger 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe gas‐phase reactions of O3with 1‐octene,trans‐7‐tetradecene, 1,2‐dimethyl‐1‐cyclohexene, and α‐pinene have been studied in the presence of an OH radical scavenger, primarily using in situ atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (API‐MS), to investigate the products formed from the reactions of the thermalized Criegee intermediates in the presence of water vapor and 2‐butanol (1‐octene andtrans‐7‐tetradecene forming the same Criegee intermediate). With H3O+(H2O)nas the reagent ions, ion peaks at 149 u ([M + H]+) were observed in the API‐MS analyses of the 1‐octene andtrans‐7‐tetradecene reactions, which show a neutral loss of 34 u (H2O2) and are attributed to the α‐hydroxyhydroperoxide CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)OOH, which must therefore have a lifetime with respect to decomposition of tens of minutes or more. No evidence for the presence of α‐hydroxyhydroperoxides was obtained in the 1,2‐dimethyl‐1‐cyclohexene or α‐pinene reactions, although the smaller yields of thermalized Criegee intermediates in these reactions makes observation of α‐hydroxyhydroperoxides from these reactions less likely than from the 1‐octene andtrans‐7‐tetradecene reactions. Quantifications of 2,7‐octanedione from the 1,2‐dimethyl‐1‐cyclohexene reactions and of pinonaldehyde from the α‐pinene reactions were made by gas chromatographic analyses during reactions with cyclohexane and with 2‐butanol as the OH radical scavenger. The measured yields of 2,7‐octanedione from 1,2‐dimethyl‐1‐cyclohexene and of pinonaldehyde from α‐pinene were 0.110 ± 0.020 and 0.164 ± 0.029, respectively, and were independent of the OH radical scavenger used. Reaction mechanisms are presented and discussed. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 73–85, 2002
Atmospheric chemistry of CH2FOCH2F: Reaction with Cl atoms and atmospheric fate of CH2FOCHFO· radicals
Authors: Goto M. , Kawasaki M. , Wallington T. J. , Hurley M. D. , Sharratt A. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSmog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the Cl atom initiated oxidation of CH2FOCH2F in 700 Torr of N2/O2 at 296 K. Relative rate techniques were used to measure k(Cl + CH2FOCH2F) = (4.6 ± 0.7) × 10−13 and k(Cl + CH2FOC(O)F) = (2.9 ± 0.8) × 10−15 (in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1). Three competing fates for alkoxy radical CH2FOCHFO· formed in the self‐reaction of the corresponding peroxy radicals were identified. In 1 atm of air at 296 K, 48 ± 3% of CH2FOCHFO· radicals decompose via CO bond scission, 21 ± 4% react with O2, and 31 ± 4% undergo hydrogen atom elimination. Chemical activation effects were observed for CH2FOCHFO· radicals formed in the CH2FOCHFOO· + NO reaction. Infrared spectra of CH2FOC(O)F and FC(O)OC(O)F, which are produced during the Cl atom initiated oxidation of CH2FOCH2F, are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 139–147, 2002; DOI 10.1002/kin.10038
Knowledge management in international mergers
Authors: Grotenhuis Frits D. J. , Weggeman Mathieu P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the need for knowledge management in mergers and acquisitions. In mergers and acquisitions two cultures are combined, and also two systems of knowledge and insights are integrated. In order to develop and sustain competitive advantages for the knowledge‐intensive firm, strategic management should enable the development and sharing of new knowledge and other resources. However, a number of factors make knowledge management a highly fragile process. This paper discusses some preliminary findings, indicating directions for future research regarding factors that play a role in knowledge creation, and the roles for knowledge enablers in facilitating this process of knowledge creation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gardening to reduce hazard: urban agriculture in Tanzania
Authors: Howorth C. , Convery I. , O'Keefe P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUrban agriculture is an illegal activity in most African towns and cities, as it is seen to be competing with other, higher value, urban land uses. Despite this, food production occurs throughout the African urban environment and is crucial to the urban economy; providing employment, food security and investment opportunity for a large proportion of the urban population. Urban agriculture also adds value to urban land, bringing unused land into production, reversing degradation and improving the urban landscape. In the context of a rapidly expanding urban population, food production in Dar es Salaam is playing a crucial role in sustaining the city, employing 210000 people. Urban agriculture also has an important role to play in providing a viable land use in the hazard lands of Dar es Salaam, as an alternative to squatter housing which exposes the inhabitants to a substantial risk from flooding. This paper looks at the role that urban agriculture plays in Dar es Salaam and identifies the major actors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of the flash‐lamp pulsed‐dye laser treatment of facial port‐wine stains in childhood: A case of health care technology assessment
Authors: De Borgie C.A.J.M. , Bossuyt P.M.M. , van der Horst C.M.A.M. , van Gemert M.J.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLasers have been used in the treatment of port‐wine stains (PWS) for more than 30 years. With the introduction of the flash‐lamp pulsed‐dye laser (FPDL) it was assumed that infants could be treated safely, effectively, and probably more efficiently. Nowadays, FPDL treatment is an established form of treatment of PWS in childhood.Study Design/Materials and MethodsOn the basis of the iterative Health Care Technology Assessment (HCTA) loop, we examined whether sufficient evidence from evaluations has been present to support the introduction of FPDL treatment for facial PWS at an early age. Such an assessment requires an interdisciplinary approach focusing on aspects of safety, efficacy, effectiveness, quality of life, costs, and the ethical issues of treatment.ResultsAssessment of the FPDL in PWS treatment of children did not follow the model of medical innovation and evaluation. Most assessments have been focused on laser applications that were already in clinical use. Efficacy and effectiveness of laser treatment have been the major concern in most assessments. Only a few studies have looked at costs and ethical aspects of treating children.ConclusionsThe introduction and diffusion of the use of the FPDL in the treatment of PWS in childhood were uncontrolled, and the field was not prepared to use this technique properly. We believe that this nonadherence to the iterative HCTA model reflects the gradual way by which innovations find their way into clinical practice. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:182–189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical bone healing following laser osteotomy using 6.1 μm wavelength*
Authors: Payne John T. , Peavy George M. , Reinisch Lou , Van Sickle David C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveUse of laser wavelengths in the 6.1 μm (amide I) to 6.45 μm (amide II) regions and a macropulse width of 4.0 microseconds delivered by a computer‐controlled delivery system have produced clean, deep cortical bone ablations with minimal collateral thermal injury and no char formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing of cortical bone following 6.1 μm wavelength laser osteotomy using a 4.0 microsecond pulse, and compare that response to the response of similar osteotomies made with a standard pneumatic surgical bone saw.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixteen mature rabbits were divided equally into 2, 4, 6 and 8‐week post‐surgical survival groups. A nitrogen driven sagittal bone saw and an FEL generating 6.1 μm wavelength in 4.0 microsecond macropulses of 22.5 ± 2.5 mJ/pulse directed into a 200 μm diameter spot were used to make 6.6 mm linear cuts into rabbit tibial cortex, and the healing response over time was monitored. Bone saw cuts were made halfway through the thickness of the cortex. Laser cuts were directed by a computer‐controlled delivery system, and were either partial or full thickness cortical cuts. Location of the cortical bone cuts (saw or laser, partial or full thickness cut, proximal or distal, medial right or medial left tibia) were randomly assigned. At each predetermined post‐surgical time point, rabbits of the appropriate group were euthanized, and the tibias of each subject collected, processed for histologic evaluation, and analyzed by light microscopy.ResultsAt 2 weeks post‐surgery, bone saw cuts showed no evidence of a healing response, while both the partial and full laser cut sites were filled with trabecular bone and primitive bone marrow. By 4 weeks post‐surgery, the bone saw cuts showed filling of the defect with trabecular bone and primitive marrow, and an intense osteonal remodeling of the original cortex adjacent to the cuts was evident. All laser cut defects were filled, reactive periosteal bone was being converted to osteons and consolidating, and secondary osteons were appearing in the original cortex. At 6 weeks following surgery, the bone saw defects were filed with a mixture of woven and lamellar bone. All laser defects were filled with lamellar osteons and woven bone, the osteons were remodeling from primary to secondary osteons. By 8 weeks following the surgery, all bone saw and laser cut specimens revealed complete healing.ConclusionsHistologic evaluation of osteotomy sites made in skeletally mature rabbit tibia using the 6.1 μm wavelength, 4.0 microsecond macropulse FEL, delivered at 6 Hz at the osteotomy site, reveals a healing response which is at least as good as the healing of bone saw osteotomies, and appears to proceed at a faster rate during the first 2–4 weeks following surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:38–43, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple organ cornea culture model for re‐epithelialization after in vitro excimer laser ablation
Authors: Chuck Roy S. , Behrens Ashley , Wellik Sarah R. , Liaw Lih‐Huei , Sweet Paula M. , Osann Kathryn E. , McDonnell Peter J. , Berns Michael W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMost of the in vitro work to characterize the effects of clinical laser surgery on corneal tissues has concentrated on the effects on stromal keratocytes and endothelium with little attention being paid to corneal epithelium. Our purpose is to describe the epithelial healing rates observed in freshly cultured rabbit corneas treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).Study Design/Materials and MethodsCorneas were placed in a simple organ culture system, with media change every 2 days. A clinical excimer laser was used to perform a 6 mm diameter, 100 μm depth transepithelial PTK on 24 cultured rabbit corneas, 1 day after culture initiation. For each post‐treatment day, one experimental and one control cornea were removed from culture and stained with fluorescein, photographed, and fixed for histology. Epithelial defect area was measured with digital imaging software and analyzed statistically to assess the re‐epithelialization rate.ResultsControl corneas, maintained in culture for 1–4 days, had no epithelial defects. Those corneas treated with PTK exhibited an immediate epithelial defect that slowly healed over 3 days. This was confirmed on histopathological analysis. A significant linear trend in re‐epithelialization across the time points studied was found (F = 80.48, P = 0.0029). The slope of the linear regression model showed an estimate rate of re‐epithelialization of −6.70 over the 3 days.ConclusionsWe have described the development of a simple, whole organ, rabbit cornea culture model for re‐epithelialization after PTK. Our rates of epithelial healing resemble those found in the literature in live rabbit models. Therefore, this model may possibly be used to monitor epithelial wound healing in different corneal diseases or injuries. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:288–292, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐regulation of unwanted consumption
Authors: Lawson Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe issue of consumption control is viewed from the perspective of self‐regulation in which successful attempts at controlling problem behaviors depend upon achieving motivational readiness. It is proposed that consumption control can be understood as a series of stage‐related processes that follow from theoretical accounts of self‐regulation contained in the transtheoretical model of change, and the model of action phases. In order to observe ongoing consumption‐control processes, a diary study, in which participants described their actions, thoughts, and feelings in attempting a personal consumption‐control project, was conducted. Diary entries were interpreted in light of theoretical stage‐related processes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring intent: There's nothing “mere” about mere measurement effects
Authors: Chapman Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrior work has established that measuring intents can influence the likelihood of behavior. Laboratory and field experiments extend past work and show that intentions are unique memorial structures that, once accessible, have profound influences on information processing and behavior. The results consistently demonstrate that measurement influences behavior and that measuring intent has a stronger influence on behavior than measuring attitudes. In addition, the laboratory experiment shows that measuring intents influences the accessibility and extremity of related yet previously unmeasured attitudes. However, measuring attitudes did not influence previously unmeasured intents. The research furthers our understanding of measurement effects and their impact on cognitive structure and behavior, and has implications for survey methodology and public policy. In addition, the research highlights the need for additional research on how intentions are represented in memory. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.