bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic switch mechanisms of membrane protein trafficking and regulation
Authors: Clarke Ronald J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLipid-protein interactions are normally classified as either specific or general. Specific interactions refer to lipid binding to specific binding sites within a membrane protein, thereby modulating the protein’s thermal stability or kinetics. General interactions refer to indirect effects whereby lipids affect membrane proteins by modulating the membrane’s physical properties, e.g., its fluidity, thickness, or dipole potential. It is not widely recognized that there is a third distinct type of lipid-protein interaction. Intrinsically disordered N- or C-termini of membrane proteins can interact directly but nonspecifically with the surrounding membrane. Many peripheral membrane proteins are held to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane via a cooperative combination of two forces: hydrophobic anchoring and electrostatic attraction. An acyl chain, e.g., myristoyl, added post-translationally to one of the protein’s termini inserts itself into the lipid matrix and helps hold peripheral membrane proteins onto the membrane. Electrostatic attraction occurs between positively charged basic amino acid residues (lysine and arginine) on one of the protein’s terminal tails and negatively charged phospholipid head groups, such as phosphatidylserine. Phosphorylation of either serine or tyrosine residues on the terminal tails via regulatory protein kinases allows for an electrostatic switch mechanism to control trafficking of the protein. Kinase action reduces the positive charge on the protein’s tail, weakening the electrostatic attraction and releasing the protein from the membrane. A similar mechanism regulates many integral membrane proteins, but here only electrostatic interactions are involved, and the electrostatic switch modulates protein activity by altering the stabilities of different protein conformational states.
Between the genotype and the phenotype lies the microbiome: symbiosis and the making of ‘postgenomic’ knowledge
Authors: Fasel Cécile , Chiapperino Luca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmphatic claims of a “microbiome revolution” aside, the study of the gut microbiota and its role in organismal development and evolution is a central feature of so-called postgenomics; namely, a conceptual and/or practical turn in contemporary life sciences, which departs from genetic determinism and reductionism to explore holism, emergentism and complexity in biological knowledge-production. This paper analyses the making of postgenomic knowledge about developmental symbiosis in Drosophila melanogaster by a specific group of microbiome scientists. Drawing from both practical philosophy of science and Science and Technology Studies, the paper documents epistemological questions of artefactuality and representativeness of model organisms as they emerge in the day-to-day labour producing and being produced by the “microbiome revolution." Specifically, the paper builds on all the written and editorial exchanges involved in the troubled publication of a research paper studying the symbiotic role of the microbiota in the flies’ development. These written materials permit us to delimit the network of justifications, evidence, standards of knowledge-production, trust in the tools and research designs that make up the conditions of possibility of a postgenomic fact. More than reframing the organism as a radically novel multiplicity of reactive genomes, we conclude, doing postgenomic research on the microbiota and symbiosis means producing a story that deviates from the scripts embedded into the sociotechnical experimental systems of post-Human Genome Project life sciences.
Examining the Impact of Dedicated Missing Person Teams on the Multiagency Response to Missing Children
Authors: Waring Sara , Fusco-Maguire Adrianna , Bromley Caitlin , Conway Bess , Giles Susan , O’Brien Freya , Monaghan Paige 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSome police forces are investing resources into dedicated missing person teams (MPTs) to improve risk assessment and responsibility sharing across partner agencies. This study used police records and interviews with representatives from police and partner agencies in one UK region to provide the first systematic evaluation of the impact of implementing a dedicated MPT on the response to missing children. Results revealed a reduction in reports and change in risk assessment practices post implementation, along with suggestions that the MPT brought about more of a child-centred approach, a pushing back of responsibility to care providers, and greater personalised communication with children and care providers. However, improvements needed to be made to intra- and inter-agency communication, and consideration of resources across shift patterns. Findings pose important implications for informing decisions regarding allocation of finite resources and improving multiagency response to missing children.
A Dynamic Dual Process Model for Binary Choices: Serial Versus Parallel Architecture
Authors: Diederich Adele 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDual process theories have become increasingly popular in psychology, behavioral economics, and neuroscience, assuming that two processes, here generically labeled as System 1 and System 2, have antagonistic characteristics such as automatic versus deliberate, impulsive versus rational, fast versus slow, and more. In decision-making a choice results from an interplay of these two systems. However, most existent dual-process approaches are merely verbal descriptions without providing the means of rigorous testing. The prescribed dynamic dual process model framework is based on stochastic processes and produces testable qualitative and quantitative predictions. In particular, it makes precise predictions regarding choice probability, response time distributions, and the interrelation between these quantities. The focus of the present paper is on the architecture of the two postulated systems: serial versus parallel processing. Using simulation studies, I illustrate how different factors (timing of System 1, time constraint, and architecture) influence model predictions for binary choice situations. The serial and 6 parallel processing versions of the framework are fitted to published data.
Corrosion behavior of AlCrVTi light-weight high-entropy alloy coating in different corrosion environments
Authors: Xing Bowei , Nie Sainan , Jin Bingqian , Zuo Xiaojiao , Yu Huishu , Wang Xin , Zhang Xu , Zhang Nannan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe excellent corrosion resistance of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has attracted widespread attention in recent years. The focus of research is gradually shifting from the performance characterization to the composition design and application that balance multiple performance. In this study, the AlCrVTi light-weight HEA has been chosen to investigate the corrosion behavior in the electrochemical and salt spray environment. The results show that HEA coating prepared by plasma spray followed laser re-melting present a homogeneous single-phase microstructure. The active Ti and V elements promote the formation of passive film during corrosion, which improves the corrosion resistance of HEA coating. Therefore, the HEA presents a higher corrosion resistance compared with 304 stainless steel (SS304), which is reflected in the lower corrosion current density. In the salt spray environment, the coating still presents the pitting corrosion, which is same as in the electrochemical environments. It is demonstrated that the AlCrVTi HEA has the potential that balancing the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Weak convergence of the extremes of branching Lévy processes with regularly varying tails
Authors: Ren Yan-xia , Song Renming , Zhang Rui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the weak convergence of the extremes of supercritical branching Lévy processes
$\{\mathbb{X}_t, t \ge0\}$
whose spatial motions are Lévy processes with regularly varying tails. The result is drastically different from the case of branching Brownian motions. We prove that, when properly renormalized,
$\mathbb{X}_t$
converges weakly. As a consequence, we obtain a limit theorem for the order statistics of
$\mathbb{X}_t$
.
The Submerged Palaeo-Yare: New Middle Palaeolithic Archaeological Finds from the Southern North Sea
Authors: SHAW ANDREW , YOUNG DANIEL , HAWKINS HAYLEY 
Published: December 2023

The Palaeolithic archaeological record from current dryland contexts informs on activity across only a fraction of occupied Pleistocene landscapes. Now-submerged contexts, such as those preserved beneath the southern North Sea, allow past human activity to be considered at a more representative scale. Previous investigations have recovered internationally significant Middle Palaeolithic archaeology associated with submerged Pleistocene landscapes in the southern North Sea. Discovered through aggregate dredging in marine aggregate licence Area 240, the archaeology is associated with Pleistocene deposits of the Paleo-Yare river system. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that the Palaeo-Yare catchment extended across adjacent aggregate areas, leading to the implementation of a regional monitoring programme at aggregate wharfs to monitor, manage, and assimilate new archaeological data.This paper reviews all new Palaeolithic lithic finds recovered between 2011 and 2022 from Area 240 and adjacent licence areas. Most are Middle Palaeolithic artefacts from Area 240. These new Middle Palaeolithic discoveries are related to previous finds and the combined collections placed within their wider Middle Palaeolithic British context. Middle Palaeolithic activity within the Palaeo-Yare catchment included multiple phases of occupation associated with different favoured technological repertoires, indicating that two groups of artefacts are present: Levallois artefacts likely to date to the early Middle Palaeolithic (MIS 8–7–6) and handaxes dating to the Late Middle Palaeolithic (MIS 5d–3).
Do Capital Markets Punish Managerial Myopia? Evidence from Myopic Research and Development Cuts
Authors: Tong Jamie Y. , Zhang Feida (Frank) 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe literature provides conflicting arguments and mixed results regarding whether capital markets punish managerial myopia. Using managers cutting research and development (R&D) investments to meet short-term earnings goals as a research setting, this study reveals that capital markets penalize managerial myopia, especially for firms with high investor sophistication. Moreover, the negative market reactions to managerial myopia are weaker for firms with overinvestment problems than for those without such problems. Overall, the results support the notion that security markets are not shortsighted. In further analysis, we document that compensation, especially earnings-based compensation, may cause managers to behave myopically. Our study contributes to the literature, reconciling previously mixed findings by capturing managers’ myopic behavior in a more targeted way and showing that markets punish myopic R&D cutting.
Going after the bigger picture: Using high-capacity models to understand mind and brain
Authors: Op de Beeck Hans , Bracci Stefania 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deep neural networks (DNNs) provide a unique opportunity to move towards a generic modelling framework in psychology. The high representational capacity of these models combined with the possibility for further extensions has already allowed us to investigate the forest, namely the complex landscape of representations and processes that underlie human cognition, without forgetting about the trees, which include individual psychological phenomena.
Fixing the problems of deep neural networks will require better training data and learning algorithms
Authors: Linsley Drew , Serre Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bowers et al. argue that deep neural networks (DNNs) are poor models of biological vision because they often learn to rival human accuracy by relying on strategies that differ markedly from those of humans. We show that this problem is worsening as DNNs are becoming larger-scale and increasingly more accurate, and prescribe methods for building DNNs that can reliably model biological vision.
Forest loss during 2000–2019 in pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) habitats was driven by shifting agriculture
Authors: Erazo-Mera Estefania , Younes Nicolás , Horwood Paul F , Paris Damien , Paris Monique , Murray Nicholas 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe Upper Guinea Forest (UGF; West Africa), a global biodiversity hotspot, has lost more than 90% of its original area since 1900, threatening endemic species such as the endangered pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis). However, little is known about the proximate causes of this deforestation. We classified Sentinel-2 data using the random forest algorithm to differentiate between three main human processes (shifting agriculture, intensive agriculture or urban expansion) driving deforestation between 2000 and 2019 across the pygmy hippopotamus distribution area. Out of c. 89 600 km2 in the year 2000, 15 900 km2 (17%) of forest were lost, primarily to shifting agriculture (14 900 km2). Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia accounted for 14 900 km2 (94%) of the net area of forest lost, c. 15 times greater than deforestation in Sierra Leone and Guinea combined (953 km2). Forest loss inside protected areas is pervasive, and it is essential to prioritize conservation efforts in areas where deforestation is still low (e.g., Taï, Sapo and Gola Rainforest national parks). We suggest that the preservation of the UGF will face challenges associated with people’s demand for food and income. Continued landscape-scale planning and action to reduce deforestation are urgently needed to limit the impact of shifting agriculture on pygmy hippopotamus habitat.
The Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Kar Sujita Kumar , Agrawal Aditya , Silva-dos-Santos Amílcar , Gupta Yogesh , Deng Zhi-De 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been increasingly used for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although several meta-analyses have explored its effectiveness and safety, there is no umbrella review specifically focused on rTMS for OCD. This umbrella review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and analyzed relevant meta-analyses on rTMS for OCD.MethodsTwenty-three articles were identified from PubMed, and after screening, 12 meta-analyses were included in the review. The studies analyzed in the meta-analyses ranged from 10 to 27, with total participants ranging from 282 to 791. The most commonly studied regions were the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and orbito-frontal cortex (OFC).ResultThe majority of the meta-analyses consistently supported the effectiveness of rTMS in reducing OCD symptoms when applied to the DLPFC and SMA. Encouraging results were also observed when targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) through deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS). However, there was a high level of heterogeneity in the findings of nine out of 12 meta-analyses.ConclusionIn conclusion, existing evidence suggests that rTMS targeting the DLPFC and SMA consistently reduces OCD symptoms, but targeting the mPFC and ACC through dTMS shows variable results. However, the high heterogeneity in the study findings indicates a need for further research and standardization in the field.
Maternal singing sustains preterm hospitalized newborns’ autonomic nervous system maturation: an RCT
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Nardelli Mimma , Sansavini Alessandra , Meloni Sara , Picciolini Odoardo , Lunardi Clara , Cecchi Alessandra , Corvaglia Luigi , Grandjean Didier , Scilingo Enzo Pasquale , Della Casa Elisa , Berardi Alberto ,   EVC Group, Aceti Arianna , Bedetti Luca , Bertoncelli Natascia , Lucco Giovanna , Luzzati Michele , Ori Luca , Petrolini Chiara , Zuccarini Mariagrazia , Ferrari Fabrizio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Premature birth is known to affect the newborn’s autonomic nervous system (ANS) maturation, with potential short and long-term impact on their neurobehavioral development. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal directed singing and speaking on the preterm infants’ autonomic nervous system (ANS) maturation as measured by the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters.

Methods
In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 30 stable preterm infants (m = 29,6 weeks of gestational age), without any abnormalities were randomized into an intervention (16) or a control group (14). HRV was measured weekly, for a total of 80 recordings during hospitalization, as well as before and after each session of singing or speaking.

Results
The intervention group showed a significant increase of the percentage value of HRV power in the high frequency range when compared to the control group (p = 0.044). More specifically, the maternal singing significantly increased the high frequency power and decreased the low/high frequency power ratio (p = 0.037).

Conclusions
The preterm infant’s vagal activity significantly increased in the intervention group, potentially enhancing their ANS maturation. The effect is specifically evidenced in the singing condition.

Impact

Maternal singing affects the autonomic nervous system maturation of preterm hospitalized newborns in the NICU.

No previous studies investigated how early vocal parental intervention can affect preterm infants developement, throught their autonomic nervous system maturation.

Early Vocal Contact as an early intervention involving parents has a positive impact on preterm infant’s development and it can be easily implemented in the care of preterm infants.

Trial registration
NCT04759573, retrospectively registered, 17 February 2021.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab with or without platinum-doublet chemotherapy based on PD-L1 expression in resectable NSCLC (CTONG1804): a multicenter open-label phase II study
Authors: Liu Si-Yang , Dong Song , Yang Xue-Ning , Liao Ri-Qiang , Jiang Ben-Yuan , Wang Qun , Ben Xiao-Song , Qiao Gui-Bin , Lin Jun-Tao , Yan Hong-Hong , Yan Li-Xu , Nie Qiang , Tu Hai-Yan , Wang Bin-Chao , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhou Qing , Li Hong-Rui , Liu Ke , Wu Wendy , Liu Si-Yang Maggie , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis prospective multicenter phase II study evaluated the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab-exclusive (N) and nivolumab–chemotherapy (N/C) combinations based on PD-L1 expression. Eligible patients exhibited resectable clinical stage IIA–IIIB (AJCC 8th edition) NSCLC without EGFR/ALK alterations. Patients received either mono-nivolumab (N) or nivolumab + nab-paclitaxel+ carboplatin (N/C) for three cycles based on PD-L1 expression. The primary endpoint was the major pathological response (MPR). Key secondary endpoints included the pathologic complete response (pCR), objective response rate (ORR), and event-free survival (EFS). Baseline PD-L1 expression and perioperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status were correlated with pCR and EFS. Fifty-two patients were enrolled, with 46 undergoing surgeries. The MPR was 50.0% (26/52), with 25.0% (13/52) achieving pCR, and 16.7% and 66.7% for patients with PD-L1 ≥ 50% in N and N/C groups, respectively. Thirteen (25.0%) patients experienced grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse events during neoadjuvant treatment. Patients with post-neoadjuvant ctDNA negativity was more likely to have pCR (39.1%) compared with those remained positive (6.7%, odds ratio = 6.14, 95% CI 0.84-Inf, p = 0.077). With a median follow-up of 25.1 months, the 18-month EFS rate was 64.8% (95% CI 51.9–81.0%). For patients with ctDNA– vs. ctDNA + , the 18m-EFS rate was 93.8% vs 47.3% (HR, 0.15; 95% CI 0.04, 0.94; p = 0.005). Immunochemotherapy may serve as an optimal neoadjuvant treatment even for patients with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%. ctDNA negativity following neoadjuvant treatment and surgery could help identify superior pathological and survival benefits, which requires further confirmation in a prospective clinical trial (NCT04015778).
Integrative analysis of long noncoding RNAs dysregulation and synapse-associated ceRNA regulatory axes in autism
Authors: Jiang Miaomiao , Wang Ziqi , Lu Tianlan , Li Xianjing , Yang Kang , Zhao Liyang , Zhang Dai , Li Jun , Wang Lifang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder of neurodevelopment, the function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ASD remains essentially unknown. In the present study, gene networks were used to explore the ASD disease mechanisms integrating multiple data types (for example, RNA expression, whole-exome sequencing signals, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and protein-protein interaction) and datasets (five human postmortem datasets). A total of 388 lncRNAs and five co-expression modules were found to be altered in ASD. The downregulated co-expression M4 module was significantly correlated with ASD, enriched with autism susceptibility genes and synaptic signaling. Integrating lncRNAs from the M4 module and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation data from the literature identified competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. We identified the downregulated mRNAs that interact with miRNAs by the miRTarBase, miRDB, and TargetScan databases. Our analysis reveals that MIR600HG was downregulated in multiple brain tissue datasets and was closely associated with 9 autism-susceptible miRNAs in the ceRNA network. MIR600HG and target mRNAs (EPHA4, MOAP1, MAP3K9, STXBP1, PRKCE, and SCAMP5) were downregulated in the peripheral blood by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (false discovery rate <0.05). Subsequently, we assessed the role of lncRNA dysregulation in altered mRNA levels. Experimental verification showed that some synapse-associated mRNAs were downregulated after the MIR600HG knockdown. BrainSpan project showed that the expression patterns of MIR600HG (primate-specific lncRNA) and synapse-associated mRNA were similar in different human brain regions and at different stages of development. A combination of support vector machine and random forest machine learning algorithms retrieved the marker gene for ASD in the ceRNA network, and the area under the curve of the diagnostic nomogram was 0.851. In conclusion, dysregulation of MIR600HG, a novel specific lncRNA associated with ASD, is responsible for the ASD-associated miRNA-mRNA axes, thereby potentially regulating synaptogenesis.