bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental ingredients that lead to tornado outbreak and tornado failure: A comparison between two similar recurving tropical cyclones
Authors: Li Zhaoming , Bai Lanqiang , Chu Hongxing , Huang Xianxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecurving tropical cyclones (TCs) can sometimes produce tornado outbreaks, while some TCs with similar tracks and intensities may produce none of tornado, which makes it challenging to assess tornado risk within recurving TCs. This study investigates two recurving TCs, Typhoon Yagi (2018) and Typhoon In‐Fa (2021), that made landfall in eastern China. Despite the similar recurving tracks and intensities, Yagi produced 11 tornadoes while In‐Fa produced none. Results show that both TCs were characterized by similar large‐scale conditions that were dynamically favourable for tornadoes during the recurvature process. The non‐tornadic In‐Fa even featured a higher shear and helicity environment in its northeast sector than did the tornado‐productive Yagi. The greatest difference between Yagi and In‐Fa is the thermodynamic instability owing to the different lower–middle‐tropospheric lapse rates that are attributable to the differences in air trajectories at low levels. In‐Fa featured marginal instability due to the cooler air at low levels because almost all of the air parcels came from the Pacific Ocean while most air parcels for Yagi came from the warm land. The cooler low‐level air tends to create higher relative humidity in In‐Fa's interior and thus leads to widespread precipitation which in turn also contributes to the low‐level cooling. The different air trajectories are demonstrated related to the TC's translation speed, size and synoptic characteristics days before TC's landfall. Numerical simulations suggest that the upward motions within the widespread precipitation regions of In‐Fa are overall weaker than those of Yagi due to the limited instability in the former. These findings suggest that even though two TCs were characterized by similar tracks, intensities and large‐scale forcings, their different low‐level air pathways may have significant influence on priming the mesoscale environment for supercell or tornado formation.
Influence of Dietary Triacylglycerol Structure on the Accumulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid [22:6(n‐3)] in Organs in a Short‐Term Feeding Trial with Mildly Omega‐3 Deficient Rats
Authors: Kulkarni Amruta , Linderborg Kaisa M. , Zhao Ai , Kallio Heikki , Haraldsson Gudmundur G. , Zhang Yumei , Yang Baoru 
Published: February 2024

ScopeTo study the effect of positional distribution of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) on the tissue fatty acid content and composition of mildly (n‐3) deficient rats.Methods and resultsIn a 5‐day feeding trial, mildly (n‐3) deficient rats received 360 mg daily structured TAGs: sn‐22:6(n‐3)‐18:0‐18:0, sn‐18:0‐18:0‐22:6(n‐3), sn‐18:0‐22:6(n‐3)‐18:0, or tristearin. A fifth group receives standard (n‐3) adequate feed AIN‐93G from birth till the end of the trial. The DHA‐fed groups show significantly higher DHA levels in the liver and visceral fat compared to the tristearin or normal feed groups showing that the dose and the short feeding period of DHA were sufficient to restore the DHA content in the organs of (n‐3) deficient rats. Feeding sn‐1 DHA resulted in higher levels of DHA in the liver TAG compared to sn‐3 DHA feeding, although the difference did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThese findings indicated a possible difference in the tissue accumulation and/or metabolic fate of DHA from the sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions of TAG.
An analytical approach to designing millimeter‐wave LNAs with transformer‐based matching networks
Authors: Yu Meng , Wen Jincai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, an analytical method for designing transformer matching network of millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) low noise amplifier (LNA) is presented. In the circuit design, neutralizing capacitors (NCs) structure is used to mitigate the intrinsic gate‐drain feedback capacitance in the transistor for increasing the reverse isolation and available gain, thus allowing the common source (CS) structure can be regarded as an unilateralized active amplification part. The equivalent circuit of the active amplification part and the matching transformer network is modeled, then the analytical matching equations can be established, and the required matching transformer parameter can be determined quickly. As a proof of concept, a Ka‐band LNA operating at 37–43 GHz is designed and implemented in 65 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor. The measured results show that the small signal gain of the circuit is 19.2–20.5 dB at 37–43 GHz. The noise figure (NF) in the operating band is 3.2–4.2 dB, and the minimum NF is 3.2 dB at 40.2 GHz. The chip area is only 0.08 mm2 excluding pads.
Hypoxia‐informed RBE‐weighted beam orientation optimization for intensity modulated proton therapy
Authors: Ramesh Pavitra , Ruan Dan , Liu S. John , Seo Youngho , Braunstein Steve , Sheng Ke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVariable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models in treatment planning have been proposed to optimize the therapeutic ratio of proton therapy. It has been reported that proton RBE decreases with increasing tumor oxygen level, offering an opportunity to address hypoxia‐related radioresistance with RBE‐weighted optimization.PurposeHere, we obtain a voxel‐level estimation of partial oxygen pressure to weigh RBE values in a single biologically informed beam orientation optimization (BOO) algorithm.MethodsThree glioblastoma patients with [18F]‐fluoromisonidazole (FMISO)‐PET/CT images were selected from the institutional database. Oxygen values were derived from tracer uptake using a nonlinear least squares curve fitting. McNamara RBE, calculated from proton dose, was then weighed using oxygen enhancement ratios (OER) for each voxel and incorporated into the dose fidelity term of the BOO algorithm. The nonlinear optimization problem was solved using a split‐Bregman approach, with FISTA as the solver. The proposed hypoxia informed RBE‐weighted method (HypRBE) was compared to dose fidelity terms using the constant RBE of 1.1 (cRBE) and the normoxic McNamara RBE model (RegRBE). Tumor homogeneity index (HI), maximum biological dose (Dmax), and D95%, as well as OAR therapeutic index (TI = gEUDCTV/gEUDOAR) were evaluated along with worst‐case statistics after normalization to normal tissue isotoxicity.ResultsCompared to [cRBE, RegRBE], HypRBE increased tumor HI, Dmax, and D95% across all plans by on average [31.3%, 31.8%], [48.6%, 27.1%], and [50.4%, 23.8%], respectively. In the worst‐case scenario, the parameters increase on average by [12.5%, 14.7%], [7.3%,−8.9%], and [22.3%, 2.1%]. Despite increased OAR Dmean and Dmax by [8.0%, 3.0%] and [13.1%, −0.1%], HypRBE increased average TI by [22.0%, 21.1%]. Worst‐case OAR Dmean, Dmax, and TI worsened by [17.9%, 4.3%], [24.5%, −1.2%], and [9.6%, 10.5%], but in the best cases, HypRBE escalates tumor coverage significantly without compromising OAR dose, increasing the therapeutic ratio.ConclusionsWe have developed an optimization algorithm whose dose fidelity term accounts for hypoxia‐informed RBE values. We have shown that HypRBE selects bE:\Alok\aaeams better suited to deliver high physical dose to low RBE, hypoxic tumor regions while sparing the radiosensitive normal tissue.
JUST‐Net: Jointly unrolled cross‐domain optimization based spatio‐temporal reconstruction network for accelerated 3D myelin water imaging
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hun , Kim Jae‐Yoon , Ryu Kanghyun , Al‐masni Mohammed A. , Kim Tae Hyung , Han Dongyeob , Kim Hyun Gi , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeWe introduced a novel reconstruction network, jointly unrolled cross‐domain optimization‐based spatio‐temporal reconstruction network (JUST‐Net), aimed at accelerating 3D multi‐echo gradient‐echo (mGRE) data acquisition and improving the quality of resulting myelin water imaging (MWI) maps.MethodAn unrolled cross‐domain spatio‐temporal reconstruction network was designed. The main idea is to combine frequency and spatio‐temporal image feature representations and to sequentially implement convolution layers in both domains. The k‐space subnetwork utilizes shared information from adjacent frames, whereas the image subnetwork applies separate convolutions in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The proposed reconstruction network was evaluated for both retrospectively and prospectively accelerated acquisition. Furthermore, it was assessed in simulation studies and real‐world cases with k‐space corruptions to evaluate its potential for motion artifact reduction.ResultsThe proposed JUST‐Net enabled highly reproducible and accelerated 3D mGRE acquisition for whole‐brain MWI, reducing the acquisition time from fully sampled 15:23 to 2:22 min within a 3‐min reconstruction time. The normalized root mean squared error of the reconstructed mGRE images increased by less than 4.0%, and the correlation coefficients for MWI showed a value of over 0.68 when compared to the fully sampled reference. Additionally, the proposed method demonstrated a mitigating effect on both simulated and clinical motion‐corrupted cases.ConclusionThe proposed JUST‐Net has demonstrated the capability to achieve high acceleration factors for 3D mGRE‐based MWI, which is expected to facilitate widespread clinical applications of MWI.
Identification of geotechnical units in soil exploration through principal component analysis and clustering
Authors: San Roman Iturbide Oscar , Botero Jaramillo Eduardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObtaining accurate information on soil characteristics is essential for large‐scale construction projects. Geotechnical exploration methods are commonly used to obtain information on soil characteristics. However, integrating the characteristics obtained through different exploration methods can be challenging. To address this problem, this study proposes the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to combine geotechnical variables obtained from cone penetration tests (CPT), standard penetration tests (SPT) with soil sampling, and Suspension PS Logging tests. PCA and clustering analysis were applied to the data collected from a study area, and the results were highly effective in identifying the stratigraphy and soil type, leading to the definition of geotechnical units. This approach provides valuable information for geotechnical engineering projects, enhancing the accuracy of stratigraphic investigations and improving our understanding of soil characteristics and their influence on construction projects. Moreover, the proposed technique can be applied in other areas and different types of soils, making it a valuable tool for evaluating soil characteristics.
Both frequency and diversity of childhood nature experiences are associated with self‐reported pro‐biodiversity behaviours in adulthood
Authors: Aota Yutaro , Soga Masashi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The ongoing degradation of Earth's ecosystems through human activities poses a severe threat to biodiversity. To mitigate this crisis, substantial changes in human behaviour are required.

The frequency of nature experiences, particularly during childhood, has been established as a key predictor of actions that support biodiversity (hereafter, pro‐biodiversity behaviours). However, the significance of the quality of these experiences remains poorly understood.

In this study, we analysed a large sample of Japanese adults and observed positive associations between both the frequency and diversity of nature experiences during childhood and increased pro‐biodiversity behaviours. These associations held true across a range of behaviours, including the purchase of eco‐friendly products, reduced use of pesticides in domestic gardens and contributions to conservation organisations.

Our findings indicate that the association between pro‐biodiversity behaviours and the diversity of childhood nature experiences is comparable to that of the frequency of such experiences.

These findings suggest that expanding people's access to diverse and frequent nature experiences can play a crucial role in promoting positive behavioural changes to prevent biodiversity loss.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Study on the resistance of UHMWPE laminates against oblique penetration of projectiles
Authors: Guo Hui , Song Fuchen , Sun Minqian , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo solve the problem of the wall panel of high‐performance shelters protecting against the oblique penetration of projectiles, ballistic experiments were carried out with ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminates subjected to normal penetration by high‐velocity projectiles, and the deformation and failure characteristics of UHMWPE laminates were analyzed. The numerical model of the resistance of UHMWPE laminates against penetration of projectiles was established by using the finite element program LS‐DYNA. The validity of the numerical model was verified by the experimental results of damage morphology and the depth of depression of the target plate and the deformation of the warhead. On this basis, the ricochet angle and failure mode of the UHMWPE target plate against projectile penetration were studied numerically, and the impact of the angle of incidence on the residual kinetic energy and normal penetration displacement of the bullet, as well as the damage morphology of the UHMWPE target plate, was revealed by using simulation. The results showed that the ricochet angle of the bullet obliquely penetrating into the UHMWPE target plate was in the range of 45° to 50°; at the initial stage of projectile penetration, the shear fracture failure of the fiber layer mainly occurred at the striking face of the UHMWPE target plate. Under the impact of the warhead deformation, with the reduction of the residual velocity of the bullet, the failure mode gradually changed to the tensile and interlaminar cohesion failure of the fiber layer near the back face; When the angle of incidence was greater than the ricochet angle, the residual kinetic energy of the projectile increased slowly with the increase of the angle of incidence of the bullet and then went up approximately linearly; the normal displacement of the bullet obliquely penetrating into the UHMWPE target plate decreased slowly after reaching the peak, and the peak value of the normal penetration displacement decreased gradually with the increase of the angle of incidence, and the time to peak of the displacement shortened gradually. The damage area of the bulge on the back surface of the UHMWPE target plate after penetration decreased gradually with the increase of the angle of incidence. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the application of UHMWPE laminates in the design of military bulletproof shelters and armor.
Oligopeptides analysis in spiderhawk's venom (Pepsis decorata Perty, 1833, Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Authors: Nolasco Matheus , Mariano Douglas O. C. , Pimenta Daniel C. , de Freitas Humberto Fonseca , da Rocha Pita Samuel Silva , Branco Alexsandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWasps have been neglected in toxinological studies, even with their diversity of species, when compared to other groups of venomous animals such as snakes, scorpions, and spiders. Solitary wasps, such as Pepsis decorata, are known for their mechanism of total or temporary paralysis of the host. In addition, their venoms are considered sources for studies of small peptides, bioactive peptides with neural and antimicrobial activities. In this work, some oligopeptides were analyzed by de novo sequencing identifying 39 oligopeptide sequences. Some sequences were similar to proctolin, a bradykinin‐potentiating peptide, and poneritoxin, one bradykinin‐related peptide. As proctolin‐like peptides were the major constituent in distinct experimental conditions, it was selected for further in silico studies in order to understand its possible importance as a constituent of wasp venom and whether these peptides could be of biotechnological importance. We investigate its binding mode comparing with proctolin and we further analyzed the importance of the tyrosine‐leucine‐glutamic acid (YLE) tripeptide‐motif conservation. This experimental, an in silico approach, increased the range of compounds identified in peptide analyses proving good characterization of little‐known peptidic compounds.
The effects of increasing filler loading on the contact resistivity of interconnects based on silver–epoxied conductive adhesives and silver metallization pastes
Authors: Devoto Acevedo Maria Ignacia , Wells Rich , Großer Stephan , Wienands Karl , Rudolph Dominik , Halm Andreas , Gottschalg Ralph , Tune Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur previous work highlighted how microscopic structural effects influence the sheet and contact resistance of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs). Herein, we delve further by investigating how the contact and bulk resistivity of several ECAs that are based on the same formulation, but with different filler content, are correlated with the filler content. Additionally, two different filler geometries — high and low surface area (HSA and LSA) fillers — are combined in different ratios to maintain a similar viscosity and therefore processability. Hence, contact and bulk resistivities are also correlated with the different geometry ratios of these two fillers. As expected, it was found that the contact and bulk resistivities decreased when the filler content was increased. However, the magnitude of the decrease was found to depend strongly on the filler geometry ratio. At extreme filler geometry ratios, when the bulk is either mostly loaded with HSA‐fillers or mostly with LSA‐fillers, the impact of changes in the filler content on the bulk and contact resistivities is markedly different. The measured data is interpreted within the context of percolation theory and it is determined that the optimum ratio of the LSA and HSA Ag‐fillers investigated in this study is approximately 60:40 (for an epoxy‐based adhesive). This work has important ramifications for the design of ECAs, where cost considerations and the need to reduce silver resource usage demand the lowest (silver) filler content, but the demands of product performance point to higher filler content.
Pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), adult feeding preference and larval development on pulse crop varieties in Montana
Authors: Kiju Pragya , Wanner Kevin W. , Ivie Michael , McPhee Kevin , Reddy Gadi V. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMontana accounts for approximately 45% of US dry pea production and the pea leaf weevil (PLW; Sitona lineatus (L.)) is the most common insect pest in this region. After crop emergence adult PLW feed on the foliage to mature and subsequently mate, and the soil‐dwelling larvae feed and develop on the nitrogen‐fixing root nodules. Producers commonly apply prophylactic insecticide treatments to the seed at planting as well as one or two post‐emergent insecticide sprays to control PLW damage. To develop alternative management strategies based on integrated pest management (IPM), this field study evaluated pulse crops grown in Montana for adult feeding preference and larval development. Ten different field pea varieties, along with two faba bean, lentil and chickpea varieties, were evaluated during the 2020 and 2021 field seasons at the Montana State University Arthur H. Post Agronomy Farm.RESULTSSignificant PLW pest pressure was observed within the research plots during both experimental years. Field pea and faba bean were preferred by the foliage feeding adult stage, with all but one variety averaging 39.2 to 86.3 average notches per plant. The pea variety Lifter was significantly preferred over all other comparisons, averaging 142.4 and 95.0 notches per plant in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Adult PLW feeding on lentil and chickpea was minimal, averaging 3.3 to 8.2 and 0.5 to 1.6 notches per plant, respectively. Numbers of larvae were highest on the roots of pea varieties, a known reproductive host, and almost nil on lentil and chickpea roots. Faba bean is also known as reproductive host, but, unexpectedly, larval populations were also low on the two faba bean varieties.CONCLUSIONSThe results from this study provide some limited evidence for alternative IPM strategies for field peas based on host plant tolerance or resistance within the range of varieties tested. Adult preference and larval development of PLW varied between the different pulse crops with field peas and faba beans being the most susceptible and lentils and chickpeas being the least susceptible. Host plant resistance against PLW could provide more sustainable IPM approaches in the future. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of novel compact wind tunnel for testing efficacy of insecticide formulated products in mosquitoes
Authors: Richards Stephanie L , Sousan Sinan , Murray Will , White Avian , Peyton Kaya , Slade Raven 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltra‐low volume (ULV) space sprays aerosolize insecticide formulated products (FP) to contact flying mosquitoes, while barrier sprays expose mosquitoes to FP residue on vegetation and other surfaces. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays used to assess insecticide resistance are based on residual active ingredient (AI) exposure and do not directly relate to FP efficacy. The current pilot study developed a novel compact wind tunnel for mosquito exposure to FP. Caged Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus were exposed to undiluted Biomist®3 + 15 FP (permethrin AI) or air (control) within the wind tunnel, transferred to new cages, and held in a 28 °C incubator. Separate mosquitoes were exposed to residual permethrin AI (8 μg mL−1) in bottle bioassays. Mortality was monitored 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post‐exposure.RESULTSChi‐square tests (P < 0.05) showed significantly higher mortality in Aedes compared to Culex populations for most time points in both bioassay and wind tunnel exposure groups. As expected, mosquitoes exposed to Biomist®3 + 15 showed higher mortality rates than bottle bioassay exposure to permethrin. Two Culex colonies resistant to permethrin in bottle bioassays were susceptible to Biomist®3 + 15 in the wind tunnel.CONCLUSIONThe novel compact wind tunnel developed here may be an alternative to field trials for testing FP efficacy, avoiding factors such as weather, logistical planning, and extended personnel hours. The wind tunnel could allow programs to conveniently test efficacy of multiple FP. Comparisons of different insecticide exposure methods provide practical information to inform operational decisions. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.