bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analyses in COVID-19-Associated Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Canny Susan P. , Stanaway Ian B. , Holton Sarah E. , Mitchem Mallorie , O’Rourke Allison R. , Pribitzer Stephan , Baxter Sarah K. , Wurfel Mark M. , Malhotra Uma , Buckner Jane H. , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Morrell Eric D. , Speake Cate , Mikacenic Carmen , Hamerman Jessica A. 
Published: January 2025

CONTEXT:
COVID-19 has been associated with features of a cytokine storm syndrome with some patients sharing features with the hyperinflammatory disorder, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH).

HYPOTHESIS:
We hypothesized that proteins associated with sHLH from other causes will be associated with COVID-sHLH and that subjects with fatal COVID-sHLH would have defects in immune-related pathways.

METHODS AND MODELS:
We identified two cohorts of adult patients presenting with COVID-19 at two tertiary care hospitals in Seattle, Washington in 2020 and 2021. In this observational study, we assessed clinical laboratory values and plasma proteomics. Subjects identified as having sHLH (ferritin > 1000 plus cytopenias in two or more lineages [WBC < 5000 odds ratio [OR] ANC (absolute neutrophil count) < 1000, hemoglobin < 9 or hematocrit < 27, platelets < 100,000], and elevated transaminases [either AST (aspartate aminotransferase) or ALT (alanine aminotransferase) > 30] OR subjects with a ferritin > 3000) were compared with those with COVID-19 without sHLH. We identified 264 patients with COVID-19 of whom 24 met our sHLH definition. Eight patients who died of COVID-sHLH underwent genomic sequencing to identify variants in immune-related genes.

RESULTS:
Nine percent of enrolled COVID-19 subjects met our defined criteria for sHLH (n = 24/264). Using broad serum proteomic approaches (O-link and SomaScan), we identified three proteins increased in subjects with COVID-19-associated sHLH (soluble PD-L1 [sPD-L1], tumor necrosis factor-R1, and interleukin [IL]-18BP, p < 0.05 for O-link and false discovery rate < 0.05 for SomaScan), supporting a role for proteins previously associated with other forms of sHLH (IL-18BP and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1). We also identified candidate proteins and pathways associated with COVID-sHLH, including sPD-L1 and the syntaxin pathway. We detected pathogenic variants in DOCK8 and TMPRSS15 in deceased individuals with COVID-sHLH, further suggesting that alterations in immune-related processes may contribute to hyperinflammation and fatal outcomes in COVID-19.

INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS:
Proteins increased in COVID-19-associated sHLH, such as sPD-L1, and pathways, such as the syntaxin pathway, suggest important roles for the immune response in driving sHLH in the context of COVID-19.
Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Led Intervention to Reduce Acid Suppression Therapy for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in ICUs in China: A Multicenter, Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Hailong , Zeng Linan , Xu Peipei , Olsen Keith , Granholm Anders , Jin Xiaodong , Zhang Lingli , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacist-led intervention in decreasing the overuse of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) compared with the usual care for adult patients in Chinese ICUs.

Design:
Pragmatic, multicenter, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Twenty-six ICUs in China from October 2022 to March 2023.

Patients:
We enrolled 2199 patients 18 years old or older who were newly admitted to the participating ICUs.

Interventions:
Using the Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex intervention measures, a multidisciplinary team (Scenarios, Improving and Refining Interventions, Constructing, Refining and Testing Research Theories, Incorporating Stakeholders, Identifying Important Uncertainties, and Economics Considerations) designed a multifaceted intervention.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients receiving SUP and that with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. We conducted intention-to-treat analyses using generalized linear mixed models to adjust for potential confounders (age, sex, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score) with random effects for the site. The proportion of patients receiving SUP in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (45.5% vs. 49.5%; odds ratio [OR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96; p = 0.017). The proportion of patients with overt gastrointestinal bleeding was similar (3.7% vs. 4.0%; OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.65–2.85; p = 0.81).

Conclusions:
The pharmacist-led intervention reduced the proportion of patients receiving SUP in the ICUs, without significantly affecting the proportion of patients with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. These findings will help guide ICU medical decision-making.
Phosphoproteomics delineates hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes and pinpoints therapeutic targets
Authors: Zhang Ze , Zhang Zhenpeng , Zhang Yao , Li Yuan , Li Kaixuan , Liu Shu , Cao Junning , Li Yanchang , Peng Xuehui , Li Suzhen , Yin Yanan , Jiang Songhao , Zuo Tao , Chang Lei , Xu Zhongwei , Li Chonghui , Ding Jin , Wu Jushan , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Xinxin , Xia Guimin , Lu Shichun , Xu Ping 
Published: January 2025

Background & Aims:
Only a minority of patients could benefit from systemic therapy owing to the high heterogeneity of HCC. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC is essential for precision therapy. Genomic and proteomic studies of HCC have enhanced our understanding of HCC. However, phosphoproteomic characterization of HCC remains poorly understood.

Approach & Results:
We conducted an in-depth analysis of a clinical cohort of HCC using high-coverage phosphoproteomic. Effective therapeutic targets were validated using liver cancer cell lines and HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models that correspond to the phosphoproteomic subtypes of HCC. Phosphoproteomic analysis classified HCC into three subtypes, A, B, and C, with increasing malignancy and correlation with clinical features, including patient prognosis, tumor staging, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, tumor thrombus, and tumor size. Phosphoproteomic subtyping deeply reflected the biological characteristics and clinical features of HCC patients. The profiles of HCC dysregulated kinase activities inferred from the different phosphoproteomic subtypes, consistently identifying increased kinase activity related to cell proliferation. Subtype-C HCC patients showed the most significant dysregulation, indicating a potential therapeutic target. The corresponding drug, bosutinib, demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting the growth of subtype C tumors in liver cancer cell lines and HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models representative of the phosphoproteomic HCC subtypes.

Conclusions:
Our study provides a comprehensive exploration of the phosphoproteomic landscape of HCC, establishing new subtypes that match clinical features and identifying potential therapeutic targets for the most malignant C subtype.
Assessing chatbots ability to produce leaflets on cataract surgery: Bing AI, chatGPT 3.5, chatGPT 4o, ChatSonic, Google Bard, Perplexity and Pi
Authors: Thompson Dr Polly , Thornton Dr Richard , Ramsden Mr Conor 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate leaflets on cataract surgery produced by seven common free chatbots.

Setting:
Usage of conversational artificial intelligence services (chatbots) is becoming more prevalent in all aspects of life, including healthcare. Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed operation in the world, with numbers set to increase. Possible applications for chatbots include information giving and education, allowing clinicians to allocate their time more efficiently.

Design:
Analysis of answers given by seven chatbots (Bing AI, chatGPT 3.5, chatGPT 4o, ChatSonic, Google Bard, Perplexity and Pi) were prompted to “make a patient information leaflet on cataract surgery”.

Methods:
Answers were evaluated using the DISCERN instrument, Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), presence of misinformation, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score and material reliability.

Results:
The highest overall scored response was from ChatSonic, followed by Bing AI and then Perplexity. The lowest scoring was ChatGPT 3.5.
ChatSonic achieved the highest DISCERN and PEMAT scores, and had the highest Flesch-Kincaid Grade level. The lowest DISCERN and PEMAT scores were for Pi. Only ChatGPT 3.5 included some misinformation in its response. Bing AI, ChatSonic and Perplexity included reliable references; the other chatbots provided no references.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a range of answers given by chatbots creating a cataract surgery leaflet, suggesting variation in their development and reliability. ChatGPT 3.5 scored the most poorly. However, ChatSonic indicated promise in how technology may be used to assist information giving in ophthalmology.
Two case reports of rare Down’s syndrome during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)
Authors: Taherzadeh Boroujen Parisa , Nemati Mitra , Naderipour Fatemeh 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Despite the potential risks, assisted reproductive technology has provided hope and opportunities for individuals and couples struggling with infertility to conceive and have children. This study presents a case report that describes an occurrence where a pregnancy achieved through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer had to be ended because of the presence of trisomy 21 syndrome.

Patient concerns:
Two 26-year-old women who were diagnosed with primary infertility due to polycystic ovary syndrome manifested with overweight and hirsutism.

Diagnosis:
These 2 cases were regarded as a diagnosis of Down syndrome, which resulted in the decision to legally terminate the pregnancy when the mother was, in her 12th week and 4 days of gestation. Upon examining the makeup of the cells in the chorionic villi it was discovered that all cells had a chromosomal composition of 47, XX.

Interventions:
In these case reports, 2 26-year-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome underwent assisted reproductive technology and IVF to conceive. The first IVF transfer was unsuccessful, but the second attempt resulted in a successful transfer in both cases. However, a positive screening for Down syndrome led to a legal abortion at 12 + 4 weeks gestation.

Outcomes:
Genetic counseling revealed no family history of genetic diseases, and the couple opted for IVF without preimplantation genetic testing. During the trimester of their pregnancies the expectant mothers were initially screened at 12 + 4 weeks after conception. Nuchal translucency examination showed thickening of the fluid at the back of the fetal neck. Moreover, there was an increase in the levels of pregnancy related plasma protein and β human chorionic gonadotropin.

Lessons:
These 2 cases underscore the significance of genetic counseling and prenatal screening for couples who are undergoing assisted reproductive technologies, with the purpose of detecting and effectively addressing any possible genetic abnormalities that may arise in their progeny.
Organized chronic subdural hematoma with cognitive impairment: A case report and literature review
Authors: He Sen , Xue Fang , Li Jing , Hao Jianqiang , Zhang Wenyan , Xie Fei 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Organic chronic subdural hematoma is extremely rare in clinical practice, with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Its clinical manifestations and treatment approaches are diverse, making diagnosis challenging and prone to misdiagnosis or mistreatment, adversely affecting patient care and quality of life.

Patient concerns:
The 58-year-old male patient exhibited cognitive impairment, characterized by memory deficits and delayed responses, over 1 month in the absence of notable medical comorbidities.

Diagnoses:
Initial neurological assessment upon admission showed cognitive deficits, with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 18 and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score of 22. Imaging with a computed tomography scan revealed a subdural mass with low density. The preoperative diagnosis indicated a chronic subdural hematoma (may combined with intracranial hypertension) located at the apex of the right frontotemporal region, potentially with septation.

Interventions:
A bone flap craniotomy was proceeded under microscopic guidance for lesion resection. Postoperatively, the patient received targeted interventions, including fluid replacement, to promote brain tissue recovery and functional rehabilitation.

Outcomes:
After treatment, the patient demonstrated improvement and was discharged from the hospital. Over the 1-year postoperative period, he reported mild recent memory decline but remained asymptomatic, continued his usual activities, and demonstrated improved cognitive function, as evidenced by Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale scores of 28 and 29, respectively, along with normal muscle strength in all limbs.

Lessons:
Patients with mild or no significant symptoms, such as headaches and dizziness, are advised to undergo regular imaging follow-ups. Surgical intervention is recommended for patients presenting with intracranial hypertension and neurological impairment, with bone flap craniotomy and lesion resection under microscopic guidance being the preferred approach. It is imperative to conduct regular postoperative monitoring to promptly detect potential complications, such as hematoma recurrence.
Ultrasound-guided versus blind arthrocentesis in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Xiaoyan , Li Yamei , Li Daishun 
Published: January 2025

Background:
To summarize the current evidence about effectiveness and accuracy of using ultrasound-guided compared to blind arthrocentesis in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Methods:
Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Wangfang Database, and SinoMed were conducted from their inception to February 2024. Eligible studies included Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that compared the ultrasound-guided and blind arthrocentesis in knee osteoarthritis, with outcomes assessed base on pain, function, accuracy, and additional factors such as satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, fluid yield, and synovial membrane thickness.

Results:
Twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria (1924 patients) were identified. The results indicated that ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis was superior to blind arthrocentesis (10 trials; MD = −0.37; 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.19; P = .000). However, no significant difference was found in function improvement (7 trials; SMD = −0.60; 95% CI = −1.31 to 0.12; P = .101). Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis also demonstrated better accuracy compared to blind arthrocentesis (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.46, P = .001). For satisfaction, the result reported ultrasound was better than the blind group (MD = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.67–1.54; P = .000) at immediate post-procedure, and at the 4 to 6 weeks (MD = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.56–1.41; P = .000).

Conclusion:
In the comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of knee osteoarthritis, ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis is superior to anatomic landmark–guided arthrocentesis in terms of pain reduction and accuracy.
Antegrade horizontal stenting for endovascular coiling of wide-neck aneurysms in the basilar tip: Two case reports
Authors: Baek Byung Hyun , Yoon Woong , Kim You Sub , Kim Tae Sun , Kim Seul Kee , Lee Yun Young , Lee Byung Chan , Park Chan 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Endovascular coil embolization for wide-neck intracranial aneurysms is technically challenging and requires supporting devices. Intracranial stents are widely used as a buttress for compact coil filling and preventing coil protrusion into the parent artery. Horizontal stenting has been developed to maximize coil insertion and reduce the risk of thromboembolism. An anterograde route for horizontal stenting could be attempted for basilar tip aneurysms if the posterior communicating artery is not accessible. Here, we report 2 cases of antegrade horizontal stenting (AHS) for wide-neck aneurysm (WNA) in the basilar tip. This approach aims to maximize coil insertion and achieve complete aneurysm occlusion.

Patient concerns:
Both patients were admitted for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, which were incidentally detected during routine health checkups.

Diagnoses:
Both patients were diagnosed with WNAs at the basilar tip and hypoplastic communicating arteries.

Interventions:
The patients underwent stent-assisted coil embolization for WNA in the basilar tip using the catheter jailing technique. After positioning a pre-jailed microcatheter within a basilar aneurysm, AHS was performed using the Neuroform Atlas stent, with the proximal part of the stent deployed across the neck of the basilar tip aneurysm. In both cases, the preselected microcatheter tip shifted either to the anterior or posterior side of the aneurysm immediately after AHS using the pushing technique. The coils inserted into the aneurysm did not reach the opposite side of the microcatheter placement, necessitating additional catheterization.

Outcomes:
Complete occlusion was achieved by inserting additional coils through the repositioned microcatheter.

Lessons:
Horizontal stenting via an antegrade route may be an effective strategy for achieving compact coil embolization in selected patients with WNAs at the basilar tip. The Neuroform Atlas stent appears to be a promising tool for AHS owing to its hybrid-cell design. However, the shifting phenomenon of a jailed microcatheter after AHS warrants attention, as it may present potential challenges that require further catheterization.
Can brain network analyses guide epilepsy surgery?
Authors: Makhoul Ghassan S. , Doss Derek J. , Englot Dario J. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Epilepsy surgery is a potentially curative intervention for medically refractory epilepsy. In the last several decades, epilepsy has been studied as a network disorder. How has this disease model influenced surgical interventions?

Recent findings
Surgical outcomes for resection are increasingly being tied to network features, such as node hubness score. These findings imply that measuring network features may augment epileptologist seizure onset zone designation for surgical planning. Network models are also leveraged for neuromodulation, specifically in studies with thalamic targets. Recent findings suggest that the thalamus may function as a reasonable target for neuromodulation because of its role in the seizure propagation networks.

Summary
In this review, we discuss the degree these models of epilepsy are influencing surgery today and barriers for the widespread adoption of network models when planning epilepsy surgery.
Autoimmune dementia
Authors: Dinoto Alessandro , Flanagan Eoin P. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to summarize clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in autoimmune dementia, to help clinicians in promptly identify this elusive condition.

Recent findings
The rapid advances in the field of autoimmune neurology have led to the discovery of novel antibodies and associated disorders, which are more frequent than previously hypothesized. The correct and prompt identification of cognitive decline of autoimmune origin is vital to ensure early treatment and better outcomes. The diagnosis of autoimmune dementia relies on specific clinical and radiological features and on the detection of specific autoantibodies. Autoantibody specificities predict response to treatment and the occurrence of cancer. In recent years, the differential diagnosis of autoimmune dementia has become more relevant, as the overinterpretation of antibody results, clinical and radiological findings may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of autoimmune dementia, with potential harm to patients due to inappropriate exposure to immunosuppressants.

Summary
Autoimmune dementia is a potentially treatable condition and should not be missed in clinical practice given the potential for reversibility with immunotherapy. The diagnosis of autoimmune dementia relies on a comprehensive review of clinical, radiological and laboratory data, and exclusion of other causes of dementia.
Net proton number cumulants from viscous hydrodynamics with an equation of state including a critical end point
Authors: Shen Yifan , Chen Wei , Wu Xiang-Yu , Xu Kun , Huang Mei 
Published: January 2025

In the SMASH-CLVisc-hybrid framework, including SMASH for the initial conditions and the hadronic rescattering stage, and CLVisc for the quark gluon plasma evolution, we investigate net baryon number fluctuations via considering the equation of state (EoS) with and without a critical end point (CEP) in the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) phase transition. Specifically, two distinct QCD EoSs are utilized: one with smooth crossover derived from NEOS and another with a critical end point sourced from the rPNJL model. Our results show that nonmonotonic behavior of κσ2 is not observed above the collision energy 7.7GeV, nor are there explicit differences between the EoS characterized by crossover and that by CEP. This could be attributed to the significant deviation of the freeze-out line from the location of CEP. It is also found that the pure SMASH result of κσ2 is positive and close to zero at 3 GeV, which is different from the negative value observed from STAR.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Enhance “affective learning” in artificial intelligence based diversity, equity and inclusion learnings
Authors: Saadan Shifa , Wavre Shrikant Prabhakar , Kuknor Sunaina 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
To identify catalysts for facilitation and enhancement of Affective Learning (AL) in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based diversity, equity, and inclusion learnings (DEIL).

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study included 17 semistructured interviews and triangulation validated the results.

Findings
The study found ten catalyst elements for facilitating and enhancing AL in AI-based DEIL.

Research limitations/implications
This study is conducted on a relatively small sample size, offering a valuable opportunity for future research to validate and generalize the findings to larger populations.

Practical implications
For learning and development, human resources, business managers, and AI professionals, this study proposes ten AL elements for facilitating the AI-based DEIL.

Originality/value
It contributes to the field of AI-based learning domain focusing on AL in DEIL.