bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between change in alcohol use reported during routine healthcare screening and change in subsequent hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jack Helen E. , Berger Douglas B. , Bobb Jennifer F. , Oliver Malia M. , Bradley Katherine A. , Hallgren Kevin A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and aimsPrimary care systems often screen for unhealthy alcohol use with brief self‐report tools such as the 3‐item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for consumption (AUDIT‐C). There is little research examining whether change in alcohol use measured on the AUDIT‐C captures meaningful change in outcomes affected by alcohol use. This study aimed to measure the association between change in AUDIT‐C and change in all‐cause hospitalization risk, measured in the year after each AUDIT‐C.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHealth system in the state of Washington, USA, that conducts annual screening with the AUDIT‐C in outpatient care.ParticipantsAdults (n = 165 101) who had completed at least two AUDIT‐Cs 11–24 months apart (2016–2020).MeasurementsAUDIT‐C scores were grouped into five risk categories reflecting no drinking (0), drinking without unhealthy alcohol use [1–2 (female)/1–3 (male)] and unhealthy alcohol use with moderate risk [3–6 (female)/4–6 (male)], high risk (7–8), and very high risk (9–12). Changes in AUDIT‐C were based on the number of category levels that changed (0–4). Hospitalizations were binary, reflecting one or more hospitalizations in the 365 days after each AUDIT‐C, identified from insurance claims.FindingsOf 165 101 eligible patients, 5.7% and 6.1% were hospitalized the year after the first and second AUDIT‐C, respectively. Decreases in AUDIT‐C risk category of 1 or ≥2 levels were associated with statistically significant decreases in risk of hospitalization, compared with the change in hospitalization risk for those with no change in AUDIT‐C [1‐level decrease: ratio of adjusted risk ratios (aRR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86–0.99; ≥2‐level decrease: ratio of aRR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.58–0.81]. Increases in AUDIT‐C risk category of 1 or ≥2 levels were not associated with statistically significant differences in risk of hospitalization, compared with those with no change in AUDIT‐C.ConclusionsA decrease in AUDIT‐C score risk category is associated with a decreased risk of both all‐cause hospitalizations and hospitalizations with conditions directly or potentially attributable to alcohol. An increase in AUDIT‐C score does not appear to be associated with a change in risk of hospitalization in the following year.
Big Data and Machine Learning in ESG Research*
Authors: Li Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe wide applications of machine learning techniques to big data allow researchers to dig deep into novel large‐scale data sets, such as job postings, earnings calls, and news reports. They also equip researchers with powerful tools to study important but subtle/challenging topics that are impossible to explore before on a large scale, such as corporate culture and climate risk exposure. In this review, I survey various applications of different machine learning techniques in ESG research, beginning with foundational methods such as bag‐of‐words, progressing through topic modeling, word embedding, and BERT, and culminating with generative artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced machine learning approaches. I conclude by outlining future directions for using big data and machine learning in ESG research.
Retained versus removed copper intrauterine device during pregnancy: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Molino Gabriela Oliveira Gonçalves , Santos Ana Clara Felix de Farias , Dias Maírla Marina Ferreira , Pereira Ana Gabriela Alves , Pimenta Nicole dos Santos , Silva Pedro Henrique Costa Matos da 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionIntrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective contraceptives. Despite their effectiveness, pregnancies can occur during IUD use, and the management of such cases, particularly when the pregnancy is desired, remains controversial.Material and MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate outcomes in women who unintentionally conceived while using IUDs and chose to continue their pregnancies. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify studies comparing women who removed their IUD after pregnancy discovery to those who retained it. The primary outcomes assessed were miscarriage, bleeding during pregnancy, and preterm delivery. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery, chorioamnionitis, congenital malformations, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and stillbirth. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the binary outcomes using random‐effects models to account for variability across studies. The certainty of evidence was measured using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.ResultsFrom 3719 records, 4 cohorts were included. Among the 693 pregnant women analyzed, 402 had their IUD removed, while 291 retained the device. The analysis focused on copper IUDs, with most studies reporting removal during the first trimester and after ultrasound evaluation, although gaps in standardized reporting practices and removal methods were noted. Significant benefits were observed for the IUD‐removed group, including reduced incidences of bleeding during gestation (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.73; p < 0.01. Moderate certainty of evidence), and miscarriage (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.48; p < 0.01. Moderate certainty of evidence). There was no significant difference in preterm delivery rates (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.34 to 1.76; p = 0.55).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis, based on data from cohort studies with moderate certainty of evidence, indicates that removing an IUD after pregnancy diagnosis may reduce the odds of miscarriage and bleeding during gestation. However, further high‐quality research is needed to evaluate outcomes in pregnancies associated with hormonal IUDs, as well as critical factors such as gestational age at diagnosis, timing of IUD removal, and the position of the gestational sac relative to the device.
Heat stress induces oxidative stress and activates the KEAP1‐NFE2L2‐ARE pathway in reproduction‐related cells
Authors: Bai Hanako , Kawahara Manabu , Kusama Kazuya , Sakurai Toshihiro , Pfarrer Christiane , Takahashi Masashi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeat stress negatively affects the reproductive function of in animals and humans. Although a relationship between heat and oxidative stress has been suggested, the underlying mechanism has not been sufficiently examined in reproduction‐related cells. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether heat stress induces oxidative stress using a variety of reproduction‐related cells including bovine placental and cumulus–granulosa cells, human cell lines derived from cervical and endometrial cancers, and fibroblasts derived from endometrium. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression levels of representative heat and oxidative stress–related genes were significantly increased in cells cultured at high temperatures compared with those in cells cultured at basal temperatures. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays showed that the reporter activity of the heat shock element and antioxidant responsive element (ARE) was increased in cells cultured at high temperatures compared with that in cells cultured at basal temperatures. Furthermore, the stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), a master regulator of the cellular stress response, increased under high temperatures. Point mutations in Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) cysteine residues reduced the luciferase activity. Our results suggest that heat stress induces oxidative stress and that the KEAP1‐NFE2L2‐ARE pathway may play a protective role in reproduction‐related cells against heat stress.
Environmental sustainability and the limits of healthcare resource allocation
Authors: Hart James , Lignou Sapfo , Sheehan Mark 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent literature has drawn attention to the complex relationship between health care and the environmental crisis. Healthcare systems are significant contributors to climate change and environmental degradation, and the environmental crisis is making our health worse and thus putting more pressure on healthcare systems; our health and the environment are intricately linked. In light of this relationship, we might think that there are no trade‐offs between health and the environment; that healthcare decision‐makers have special responsibilities to the environment; and that environmental values should be included in healthcare resource‐allocation decisions. However, we argue that these claims are mistaken. The environmental crisis involves a wider range of considerations than just health. There is a plurality of reasons to act on the environment; we might do so to protect the natural world, to prevent catastrophes in other parts of the world, or to avert climate war and displacement. Trading‐off between health care and environmental sustainability is thus unavoidable and requires sensitivity to all these reasons. Healthcare decision‐makers are not well placed to be sensitive to these reasons, nor do they have the democratic authority to make such value judgements. Therefore, decisions about environmental sustainability interventions should be made at a ‘higher level’ of resource allocation. Importantly, hospitals have environmental duties but not environmental responsibilities; their job is to provide the best healthcare possible within the constraints given to them, not to choose between health care and other goods.
On the heterogeneous effects of sanctions on trade
Authors: Felbermayr Gabriel , Syropoulos Constantinos , Yalcin Erdal , Yotov Yoto V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the help of a new, comprehensive sanctions database and utilizing the latest developments in the structural gravity literature, we estimate the effects of economic sanctions on international trade. We demonstrate that the average effects of sanctions hide significant heterogeneity depending on the type of sanctions considered, their duration, objectives and sender types. We also zoom in on the sanctions against Iran. We find that their effects are significant but also widely heterogeneous across sanctioning countries, even within the European Union, and depend on the direction of trade. We complement the aggregate analysis with estimates for 170 sectors, showing that sanctions have been effective in decreasing bilateral trade at the sectoral level while the effects vary significantly across sectors and across complete versus partial trade sanctions.
Clinical Utility of Dual‐Time 68Ga‐Pentixafor PET/CT in Diagnosing and Subtyping Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Zuo Rui , Liu Shuang , Ren Xinyi , Li Wenbo , Xia Zhu , Xu Lu , Pang Hua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of dual‐time 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT with adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in PA lateralization.Methods and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 161 patients with PA. We assessed the diagnostic performance of dual‐time 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT in diagnosing unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) and aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA). We also explored the relationship between 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT findings, postoperative outcomes, and the presence of the KCNJ5 gene mutation.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga‐pentixafor PET at 10 and 40 min for UPA (75.2% and 76.4%, respectively) surpassed that of CT (55.3%, p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff for diagnosing APA was 10 min lesion‐to‐normal adrenal ratio = 1.95, yielding an AUC of 91.9%, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 76.0%, 91.3%, and 83.3%, respectively. This high diagnostic efficacy extended to subgroups with nodules ≥ 1 or < 1 cm, and the largest AUC of 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT for diagnosis APA with lesions ≥ 1 and < 1 cm is 88.2% and 97.0%, respectively. The lateralization results provided by 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT corroborated the surgical treatment decision in 92.0% of PA patients, and more than 95% achieved clinical and/or biochemical cure or improvement. The PET positive rate of KCNJ5 mutation was higher than that of KCNJ5 wild‐type, with optimal diagnostic efficacy at 40 min lesion‐to‐liver ratio = 4.79 (AUC 81.3%, sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 66.7%).ConclusionDual‐time 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT exhibits robust diagnostic efficacy in PA lateralization. Furthermore, 68Ga‐pentixafor PET/CT holds promise as an imaging marker for predicting the presence of the KCNJ5 mutation in PA patients.
Are farmland prices too high? Exploring the rent‐to‐price ratio and farmer perceptions
Authors: Bannon Nicholas , Deaton B. James , Naylor Jamie , Scholz Alexander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractApproximately 50% of the farmer respondents to the 2023 Ontario Farmland Value and Rental Value Survey (OFVRVS) indicate that farmland prices are “too high” relative to fundamentals. The survey also asks respondents about rent and price information for a familiar parcel of farmland. We use this information to construct a rent‐to‐price ratio and then apply regression analysis to data collected from the 2023 OFVRVS. We find that the respondents in the lowest quartile of the rent‐to‐price ratio are associated with a 17% increase in the probability of indicating farmland prices are “too high.”
Airway Basal Stem Cells Inflammatory Alterations in COVID‐19 and Mitigation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Du Sheng , Jin Jing , Tang Chunli , Su Zhuquan , Wang Lulin , Chen Xinyuan , Zhang Mengni , Zhu Yiping , Wang Jiaojiao , Ju Chunrong , Song Xinyu , Li Shiyue 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the resultant COVID‐19 pneumonia cause significant damage to the airway and lung epithelium. This damage manifests as mucus hypersecretion, pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, which often lead to long‐term complications collectively referred to as long COVID or post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC). The airway epithelium, as the first line of defence against respiratory pathogens, depends on airway basal stem cells (BSCs) for regeneration. Alterations in BSCs are associated with impaired epithelial repair and may contribute to the respiratory complications observed in PASC. Given the critical role of BSCs in maintaining epithelial integrity, understanding their alterations in COVID‐19 is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the intrinsic properties of BSCs derived from COVID‐19 patients and evaluates the modulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Through a combination of functional assessments and transcriptomic profiling, we identified key phenotypic and molecular deviations in COVID‐19 patient‐derived BSCs, including goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammation and fibrosis, which may underlie their contribution to PASC. Notably, MSC co‐culture significantly mitigated these adverse effects, potentially through modulation of the interferon signalling pathway. This is the first study to isolate BSCs from COVID‐19 patients in the Chinese population and establish a COVID‐19 BSC‐based xenograft model. Our findings reveal critical insights into the role of BSCs in epithelial repair and their inflammatory alterations in COVID‐19 pathology, with potential relevance to PASC and virus‐induced respiratory sequelae. Additionally, our study highlights MSC‐based therapies as a promising strategy to address respiratory sequelae and persistent symptoms.
Long Term Outcomes of Transplant Recipients Comparing Belatacept vs. Tacrolimus: A UNOS Database Analysis
Authors: Canizares Stalin , Montalvan Adriana , Eckhoff Devin , Sureshkumar Kalathil K. , Chopra Bhavna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCalcineurin inhibitors have been the choice for maintenance immunosuppression (IS) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), but they are associated with nephrotoxicity and metabolic side effects. We aim to compare the long‐term outcomes of KTR on belatacept (bela) versus tacrolimus (tac) IS, in all KTRs and various subgroups. Using the UNOS‐STAR files, we identified adult first‐KTR from 2010 to 2022. Patients were categorized based on maintenance‐IS at index transplant admission by creating a propensity score matched cohort at 1:5 rate using several clinical characteristics. Primary outcomes included patient death, graft failure (GF), and death‐censored graft failure (DCGF). Secondary outcomes included delayed graft function (DGF), acute‐rejections (AR) within a year, and serum creatinine (Cr) at 1‐year. The propensity‐matched cohort included KTRs on bela (N = 2612) and tac (N = 12760). There was no significant difference in the hazard ratio of death (1.03 [0.92, 1.14]), GF (1.07 [0.97, 1.17]), or DCGF (1.11 [0.98, 1.25]). A sensitivity analysis comparing a propensity‐matched cohort of bela + tac (n = 2033) versus tac (n = 9004); demonstrated significantly reduced risks of death (0.87 [0.76–1.00], p = 0.043) and GF (0.73 [0.64–0.83] p < 0.001) compared to those on Tac alone. In conclusion, bela + tac seems to be a nephron‐sparing and rejection‐lowering IS regimen with overall improved graft and patient outcomes when compared to the current standard of tacrolimus. Larger Randomized Controlled studies are needed.
In vitro comparative analysis of metabolic capabilities and inhibitory profiles of selected CYP2D6 alleles on tramadol metabolism
Authors: Nahid Noor Ahmed , Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju , Sharma Abhisheak , Wang Danxin , Johnson Julie A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTramadol, the 41st most prescribed drug in the United States in 2021 is a prodrug activated by CYP2D6, which is highly polymorphic. Previous studies showed enzyme‐inhibitor affinity varied between different CYP2D6 allelic variants with dextromethorphan and atomoxetine metabolism. However, no study has compared tramadol metabolism in different CYP2D6 alleles with different CYP2D6 inhibitors. We hypothesize that the inhibitory effects of CYP2D6 inhibitors on CYP2D6‐mediated tramadol metabolism are inhibitor‐ and CYP2D6‐allele‐specific. We performed comparative analyses of CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*10, and CYP2D6*17 using recombinant enzymes to metabolize tramadol to O‐desmethyltramadol, measured via UPLC‐MS/MS. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) for each CYP2D6 allele, and IC50 values for different inhibitors were determined by nonlinear regression analysis. Intrinsic clearance was calculated as Vmax/Km. The intrinsic clearance of tramadol was almost double for CYP2D6*2 (180%) but was much lower for CYP2D6*10 and *17 (20% and 10%, respectively) compared to CYP2D6*1. The inhibitor potencies (defined by Ki) for the various inhibitors for the CYP2D6*1 allele were quinidine > terbinafine > paroxetine ≈ duloxetine >>bupropion. CYP2D6*2 showed the next greatest inhibition, with Ki ratios compared to CYP2D6*1 ranging from 0.96 to 3.87. For each inhibitor tested, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*17 were more resistant to inhibition than CYP2D6*1 or CYP2D6*2, with most Ki ratios in the 3–9 range. Three common CYP2D6 allelic variants showed different metabolic capacities toward tramadol and genotype‐dependent inhibition compared to CYP2D6*1. Further studies are warranted to understand the clinical consequences of inhibitor and CYP2D6 genotype‐dependent drug–drug interactions on tramadol bioactivation.
Integrated care for mental health in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis by the International League Against Epilepsy Integrated Mental Health Care Pathways Task Force
Authors: Gandy Milena , Wu Wendy , Woldhuis Thomas , Bennett Sophie D. , Baslet Gaston , Araujo‐Filho Gerardo , Modi Avani C. , Reuber Markus , Tang Venus , Umuziga M. Providence , Munger Clary Heidi M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMental health (MH) comorbidities are prevalent among people with epilepsy (PWE), but many experience challenges accessing care. To address this, suggestions have been made to integrate MH care into epilepsy care settings, yet the current approaches, benefits, and implementation determinants to MH care integration are unclear. This review aims to synthesize existing integrated MH care models for PWE to inform the development and planning of future initiatives. We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane for articles that described any activity within a health care setting that addressed MH as routine care for PWE. Year of publication was restricted to 2000 onward. At least two authors reviewed articles and extracted data. Barriers, facilitators, and future recommendations were identified through thematic synthesis using NVivo. Study quality was assessed for articles reporting clinical outcomes. Following review of 7520 abstracts and 596 full‐text articles, 65 met eligibility criteria and were included. Most (k = 43, 66%) described routine MH screening, with 11 reporting on uptake and acceptability, which was generally high. Interventions included psychological interventions (k = 23, 35%), psychoeducation (k = 9, 14%), and pharmacotherapy (k = 6, 9%). Thirteen articles (20%) reported on changes in MH outcomes, all of which indicated some improvements in MH, but 33% were rated as poor quality. Thirty‐four (52%) articles reported on barriers and facilitators, and 34 (37%) articles provided recommendations for future initiatives. Overall, diverse approaches to integrated MH care for PWE were identified, with promising uptake, acceptability, and impacts on MH outcomes. Qualitative analysis informed a proposed framework for future integrated MH care initiatives. The framework outlines fundamental components of care activities, such as MH screening, psychoeducation, and care pathways, as well as key facilitators for their establishment (e.g., policies, infrastructure, staffing) and effective delivery (e.g., staff incentives, acceptability, evaluation).