bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic sonographic abnormalities of the hindfoot region in Division I collegiate gymnasts
Authors: Kruse Ryan C. , Rudolph Lauren , Negaard Matthew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe hindfoot region is commonly injured in gymnasts, and musculoskeletal ultrasound can be used to identify structural abnormalities in this region. Although prior studies have shown that sonographic abnormalities may not correlate with symptomatic pathology, the presence of asymptomatic sonographic abnormalities of the hindfoot in Division I collegiate gymnasts has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo identify and describe commonly seen asymptomatic sonographic abnormalities of the hindfoot region in Division I collegiate gymnasts.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.Participants39 Division I NCAA men's and women's collegiate gymnasts without current hindfoot pain or history of hindfoot injury.InterventionsDiagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound of the hindfoot region.Main Outcome MeasuresSonographic appearance of the hindfoot region, specifically the plantar fascia, plantar fad pad, and Achilles tendon.ResultsA total of 37 of 39 gymnasts included in the study were found to have at least one asymptomatic sonographic abnormality of the hindfoot region. A total of 28.2% of athletes were found to have sonographic abnormalities within the Achilles tendon, with Doppler flow being the most common finding, and 35.8% of athletes were found to have a Haglund's deformity. However, only 7% of athletes with a Haglund's deformity demonstrated abnormal sonographic findings within the tendon. Sonographic abnormalities of the plantar fascia and plantar fat pad were seen in 30.7% and 69.2% of athletes, respectively.ConclusionsAsymptomatic sonographic abnormalities of the hindfoot region are common in collegiate gymnasts. Clinicians should use clinical judgment when interpreting these findings as they may not represent symptomatic pathology.
Happy thus survivor? A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between cancer survival and positive states, emotions, and traits
Authors: Fontesse Sullivan , Fournier Valentyn , Gérain Pierre , Dassonneville Charlotte , Lelorain Sophie , Duprez Christelle , Christophe Véronique , Piessen Guillaume , Grynberg Delphine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTraditionally, the literature investigating patient‐reported outcomes in relation to cancer survival focused on negative factors such as distress. Meta‐analyses in this field have provided a clear identification of negative affect that reduce cancer survival (e.g., depression). Nevertheless, positive psychological factors and especially positive affect might be equally crucial for cancer survival but have been neglected so far. While studies in this domain have been conducted, they remain less numerous and have produced mixed results.MethodsA pre‐registered systematic review and meta‐analysis (https://osf.io/jtw7x) aimed at identifying the positive affect linked to mortality in cancers were conducted. Four databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched to find longitudinal studies linking positive affect to survival in cancers. Two reviewers completed each stage of the study selection process, the data extraction, and the Quality in Prognosis Studies risk of bias assessments.ResultsTwenty‐four studies involving 822,789 patients were included based on the 2462 references identified. The meta‐analysis reveals that positive affect is associated with longer survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.91; 95% CI [0.86, 0.96], z = −3.58, p < 0.001) and lower mortality (Odd Ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% CI [0.45, 0.78], z = −3.70, p < 0.001). Sub‐group analyses indicated that the main predictors of survival are emotional and physical well‐being, optimism, and vitality.ConclusionThis work emphasizes the need to consider the role of affective mechanisms in patients with cancer, including their levels of well‐being or optimism to provide the most favorable conditions for survival. Therefore, stronger and continuous effort to improve patients' positive affect could be particularly beneficial for their life expectancy.
The magpie and the grapes: increasing ozone exposure impacts fruit consumption by a common corvid in a suburban environment
Authors: Viviano Andrea , Mori Emiliano , Manzini Jacopo , Paoletti Elena , Hoshika Yasutomo , Cotrozzi Lorenzo , Pisuttu Claudia , Risoli Samuele , Materassi Alessandro , Moura Barbara Baesso 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Eurasian magpie Pica pica is a resident bird species able to colonize farmlands and anthropized environments. This corvid shows a wide trophic spectrum by including fruits, invertebrates, small vertebrates and carcasses in its diet. A camera‐trap experiment was carried out to test the effect of different ozone (O3) concentrations on potted Vitis vinifera plants, which resulted in different grape consumption rates by suburban birds. The test was performed at an Ozone‐Free Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility, consisting of nine plots with three ozone (O3) levels: AA (ambient O3 concentration); and two elevated O3 levels, 1.5× AA (ambient air with a 50% increase in O3 concentration) and 2.0× AA (ambient air with a 100% increase in O3 concentration). Camera‐traps were located in front of each treatment area and kept active for 24 h day−1 and for 5 days at a time over a period of 3 months to monitor grape consumption by birds.RESULTSWe collected a total of 38 videos. Eurasian magpies were the only grape consumers, with a total of 6.7 ± 3.3 passages per hour (mean ± SD) and no differences across the different O3 treatments. Grapes in the AA treatment were consumed significantly more quickly than those in the 1.5× AA treatment, which in turn, were consumed faster than those in the 2.0× AA treatment. At 3 days from the start of treatment, 94%, 53% and 22% berries from the AA, 1.5× AA and 2.0× AA treatments had been eaten, respectively. When the O3 was turned off, berries were consumed at the same rate among treatments.CONCLUSIONIncreasing O3 concentrations limited grape consumption by magpies probably because O3 acted as a deterrent for magpies, although the lower sugar content recorded in the 2.0× AA berries did not affect the consumption when O3 was turned off. Our results provided valuable insights to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts in suburban environments. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Closest family in the household or in the community? The role of family in residential satisfaction among intended stayers in Iceland
Authors: Bjarnason Thoroddur , Haartsen Tialda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe salience of family in residential satisfaction and staying in rural communities has been well established. However, the relative importance family in the households and wider networks of family ties remains unclear, as well as the extent to which such associations can be found across the urban–rural continuum. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the role of family in residential satisfaction and residential decision‐making processes by distinguishing between satisfied, ambivalent, and dissatisfied stayers in metropolitan and non‐metropolitan areas. Drawing on several large‐scale surveys conducted in Iceland, we use binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to show that both having family in the household and having the closest family in the community predict intentions to stay, net of residential satisfaction. The odds of being a stayer are significantly higher if living with a spouse, with or without children in the household. Interestingly, this effect is found in all non‐metropolitan types of communities but not in the metropolitan Reykjavík capital area. Familial factors relate differently to the odds of being a satisfied, ambivalent, or dissatisfied stayer and vary significantly between urban, exurban, micro‐urban, and farming communities. Living with a spouse and children in the household increases the odds of being a stayer, regardless of residential satisfaction. Living in a household as a couple without the presence of children is only associated with higher odds of being a dissatisfied stayer. Beyond the household, respondents are significantly more likely to be stayers if most or all closest family live in the community, regardless of being a satisfied, ambivalent, or dissatisfied stayer. This is true for all types of communities. These results contribute to the cross‐cultural evidence base and suggest several possible avenues for future research relevant to policy and practice in the field of regional development.
The estimation of age and sex profiles for international migration amongst countries in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Shen Tianyu , Raymer James , Guan Qing , Wiśniowski Arkadiusz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInformation on the age and sex patterns of international migration occurring amongst countries in the Asia‐Pacific region is important for researchers and policymakers to understand the contributions of migration towards demographic, economic and social changes. However, despite its importance, statistics on the age and sex patterns are largely absent and, where they do exist, there are considerable differences in measurement and data collection procedures. In this study, we develop a methodology for indirectly estimating the age and sex patterns of international migration for 53 populations in the Asia‐Pacific region and four macroworld regions. Multiplicative component models are used to systematically combine information from multiple data sources and infer missing data, resulting in complete and harmonised tables of migration by origin, destination, age, and sex from 2000 to 2019. The estimates are presented and assessed with some discussions on how they may be applied and further improved.
Population pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir in adults with COVID‐19: Lack of clinically important exposure variation across individuals
Authors: Bihorel Sébastien , Cao Youfang , Chawla Akshita , Birger Ruthie , Maas Brian M. , Gao Wei , Roepcke Stefan , Sardella Susanne , Humphrey Rebecca , Kondragunta Sindhuri , Jayaraman Bhuvana , Martinho Monika , Painter Wendy , Painter George , Holman Wayne , De Anda Carisa , Brown Michelle L. , Johnson Matthew G. , Paschke Amanda , Rizk Matthew L. , Stone Julie A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective antiviral treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, particularly in patients with risk factors for severe disease. Molnupiravir (MK‐4482, EIDD‐2801) is an orally administered, ribonucleoside prodrug of β‐D‐N4‐hydroxycytidine (NHC) with submicromolar potency against SARS‐CoV‐2. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis for molnupiravir exposure was conducted using 4202 NHC plasma concentrations collected in 1207 individuals from a phase I trial in healthy participants, a phase IIa trial in non‐hospitalized participants with COVID‐19, a phase II trial in hospitalized participants with COVID‐19, and a phase II/III trial in non‐hospitalized participants with COVID‐19. Molnupiravir pharmacokinetics (PK) was best described by a two‐compartment model with a transit‐compartment absorption model and linear elimination. Molnupiravir apparent elimination clearance increased with body weight less‐than‐proportionally (power 0.412) and was estimated as 70.6 L/h in 80‐kg individuals with a moderate interindividual variability (43.4% coefficient of variation). Additionally, effects of sex and body mass index on apparent central volume and food status and formulation on the absorption mean transit time were identified as statistically significant descriptors of variability in these PK parameters. However, none of the identified covariate effects caused clinically relevant changes in the area under the NHC concentration versus time curve between doses, the exposure metric most closely related to clinical response. Overall, the PopPK model indicates that molnupiravir can be administered in adults without dose adjustment based on age, sex, body size, food, and mild‐to‐moderate renal or mild hepatic impairment.
Geometry and electronic properties of alkali metal (rubidium) doped boron clusters
Authors: Gao Jia Hui , Yuan Yu Quan , Li Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xin Cheng , Wang Ying Ying , Liu Ting , Yang Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlkali metal‐doped boron clusters have captured much attention because of their novel electronic properties and structural evolution. In the study of RbBn0/− (n = 2–12) clusters, the minimum global search of the potential energy surface and structure optimization at the level of PBE1PBE by using the CALYPSO method and Gaussian package coupled with DFT calculation; the geometrical structures and electronic properties are systematically investigated. At n = 8, the ground‐state structures are composed of an Rb atom above B atoms, forming a structurally stable pagoda cone. By stability analysis and charge transfer calculation, the RbB8− cluster shows more stability. It found that s‐p hybridization between Rb atom and B atoms as well as s‐p hybridization between B atoms is one of the reasons for the outstanding stability exhibited in the RbB80/− clusters by using DOS and HOMO–LUMO orbital contour maps. The chemical bonding of the RbB80/− groups was analyzed by using the AdNDP method, and B atoms with larger numbers readily form multi‐center chemical bonds with the Rb atom. From the results of the bonding analysis, the interaction between the Rb atom and B atoms strengthens the stability of the RbB80/− clusters. It is hoped that this work provides a direction for experimental manipulation.
Amorphous Materials for Lithium‐Ion and Post‐Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Junwei , Ji Dongfang , Yue Yuanzheng , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion and post‐lithium‐ion batteries are important components for building sustainable energy systems. They usually consist of a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte, and a separator. Recently, the use of solid‐state materials as electrolytes has received extensive attention. The solid‐state electrolyte materials (as well as the electrode materials) have traditionally been overwhelmingly crystalline materials, but amorphous (disordered) materials are gradually emerging as important alternatives because they can increase the number of ion storage sites and diffusion channels, enhance solid‐state ion diffusion, tolerate more severe volume changes, and improve reaction activity. To develop superior amorphous battery materials, researchers have conducted a variety of experiments and theoretical simulations. This review highlights the recent advances in using amorphous materials (AMs) for fabricating lithium‐ion and post‐lithium‐ion batteries, focusing on the correlation between material structure and properties (e.g., electrochemical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal ones). We review both the conventional and the emerging characterization methods for analyzing AMs and present the roles of disorder in influencing the performances of various batteries such as those based on lithium, sodium, potassium, and zinc. Finally, we describe the challenges and perspectives for commercializing rechargeable AMs‐based batteries.
Polysaccharide‐Targeting Lipid Nanoparticles to Kill Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Lai Xiangfeng , Chow Seong Hoong , Le Brun Anton P. , Muir Benjamin W. , Bergen Phillip J. , White Jacinta , Yu Heidi H. , Wang Jiping , Danne Jill , Jiang Jhih‐hang , Short Francesca L. , Han Mei‐Ling , Strugnell Richard A. , Song Jiangning , Cameron Neil R. , Peleg Anton Y. , Li Jian , Shen Hsin‐Hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rapid increase and spread of Gram‐negative bacteria resistant to many or all existing treatments threaten a return to the preantibiotic era. The presence of bacterial polysaccharides that impede the penetration of many antimicrobials and protect them from the innate immune system contributes to resistance and pathogenicity. No currently approved antibiotics target the polysaccharide regions of microbes. Here, describe monolaurin‐based niosomes, the first lipid nanoparticles that can eliminate bacterial polysaccharides from hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, are described. Their combination with polymyxin B shows no cytotoxicity in vitro and is highly effective in combating K. pneumoniae infection in vivo. Comprehensive mechanistic studies have revealed that antimicrobial activity proceeds via a multimodal mechanism. Initially, lipid nanoparticles disrupt polysaccharides, then outer and inner membranes are destabilized and destroyed by polymyxin B, resulting in synergistic cell lysis. This novel lipidic nanoparticle system shows tremendous promise as a highly effective antimicrobial treatment targeting multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative pathogens.
Revealing the Orbital Interactions between Dissimilar Metal Sites during Oxygen Reduction Process
Authors: Sheng Xuelin , Mei Zhiyuan , Jing Qi , Zou Xiaoxiao , Wang Lilian , Xu Qijun , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA FeCo/DA@NC catalyst with the well‐defined FeCoN6 moiety is customized through a novel and ultrafast Joule heating technique. This catalyst demonstrates superior oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability in an alkaline environment. The power density and charge–discharge cycling of znic–air batteries driven by FeCo/DA@NC also surpass those of Pt/C catalyst. The source of the excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity of FeCo/DA@NC originates from the significantly changed charge environment and 3d orbital spin state. These not only improve the bonding strength between active sites and oxygen‐containing intermediates, but also provide spare reaction sites for oxygen‐containing intermediates. Moreover, various in situ detection techniques reveal that the rate‐determining step in the four‐electron oxygen reduction reaction is *O2 protonation. This work provides strong support for the precise design and rapid preparation of bimetallic catalysts and opens up new ideas for understanding orbital interactions during oxygen reduction reactions.
Constructing Wide‐Temperature Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by Using a Covalent Organic Nanosheet Wrapped Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Zhu Acheng , Li Shaokai , Yang Yuting , Peng Bo , Cheng Yuwen , Kang Qi , Zhuang Zechao , Ma Lianbo , Xu Jie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold the superiority of eminent theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg−1). However, the ponderous sulfur reduction reaction and the issue of polysulfide shuttling pose significant obstacles to achieving the practical wide‐temperature operation of Li–S batteries. Herein, a covalent organic nanosheet‐wrapped carbon nanotubes (denoted CON/CNT) composite is synthesized as an electrocatalyst for wide‐temperature Li–S batteries. The design incorporates the CON skeleton, which contains imide and triazine functional units capable of chemically adsorbing polysulfides, and the underlaid CNTs facilitate the conversion of captured polysulfides enabled by enhanced conductivity. The electrocatalytic behavior and chemical interplay between polysulfides and the CON/CNT interlayer are elucidated by in situ X‐ray diffraction detections and theoretical calculations. Resultantly, the CON/CNT‐modified cells demonstrate upgraded performances, including wide‐temperature operation ranging from 0 to 65 °C, high‐rate performance (625 mAh g−1 at 5.0 C), exceptional high‐rate cyclability (1000 cycles at 5.0 C), and stable operation under high sulfur loading (4.0 mg cm−2) and limited electrolyte (5 µL mgs−1). These findings might guide the development of advanced Li–S batteries.
Macrophages‐Based Biohybrid Microrobots for Breast Cancer Photothermal Immunotherapy by Inducing Pyroptosis
Authors: Xing Guozheng , Yu Xuya , Zhang Yan , Sheng Shupei , Jin Limin , Zhu Dunwan , Mei Lin , Dong Xia , Lv Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPyroptosis‐based immunotherapy can escape drug resistance as well as inhibit metastasis. It is urgently required to develop a delivery platform to induce targeted tumor‐specific pyroptosis for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, macrophages‐based biohybrid microrobots (IDN@MC) are constructed with IR‐macrophage and decitabine‐loaded Metal‐organic frameworks (DZNPs). The integration of fluorescence photosensitizers and pH‐sensitive DZNPs endow the microrobots properties such as photothermal conversion, fluorescent navigation, targeted drug delivery, and controlled drug release. In light of the inherent tumor targeting, tumor accumulation of IDN@MC is facilitated. Due to the sustained release of decitabine from packaged DZNPs, the host macrophages are differentiated into M1 phenotypes to exert the tumor phagocytosis at the tumor site, directly transporting the therapeutic agents into cancer cells. With laser control, the rapid and durable caspase 3‐cleaved gasdermin E (GSDME)‐related tumor pyroptosis is achieved with combined photothermal‐chemotherapy, releasing inflammatory factors such as lactate dehydrogenase and interleukin‐18. Subsequently, the robust and adaptive immune response is primed with dendritic cell maturation to initiate T‐cell clone expansion and modulation of the immune suppressive microenvironment, thus enhancing the tumor immunotherapy to inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis. This macrophages‐based biohybrid microrobot is an efficient strategy for breast cancer treatment to trigger photo‐induced pyroptosis and augment the immune response.
Defect Emission and Its Dipole Orientation in Layered Ternary Znln2S4 Semiconductor
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Quan , Dai Sheng , Liu Chao‐Ming , Liu Yue , Sun Zhao‐Yuan , Li Hui , Zhang Chang‐Jin , Wang Han , Xu Cheng‐Yan , Shao Wen‐Zhu , Meixner Alfred J. , Zhang Dai , Li Yang , Zhen Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDefect engineering is promising to tailor the physical properties of 2D semiconductors for function‐oriented electronics and optoelectronics. Compared with the extensively studied 2D binary materials, the origin of defects and their influence on physical properties of 2D ternary semiconductors are not clarified. Here, the effect of defects on the electronic structure and optical properties of few‐layer hexagonal Znln2S4 is thoroughly studied via versatile spectroscopic tools in combination with theoretical calculations. It is demonstrated that the Zn–In antistructural defects induce the formation of a series of donor and acceptor energy levels and sulfur vacancies induce donor energy levels, leading to rich recombination paths for defect emission and extrinsic absorption. Impressively, the emission of donor–acceptor pair in Znln2S4 can be significantly tailored by electrostatic gating due to efficient tunability of Fermi level (Ef). Furthermore, the layer‐dependent dipole orientation of defect emission in Znln2S4 is directly revealed by back focal plane imagining, where it presents obviously in‐plane dipole orientation within a dozen‐layer thickness of Znln2S4. These unique features of defects in Znln2S4 including extrinsic absorption, rich recombination paths, gate tunability, and in‐plane dipole orientation are definitely a benefit to the advanced orientation‐functional optoelectronic applications.