bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating metabolome landscape in Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Jokela Tiina , Karppinen Jari , Kärkkäinen Minta , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Walker Simon , Seppälä Toni T. , Laakkonen Eija K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Circulating metabolites systemically reflect cellular processes and can modulate the tissue microenvironment in complex ways, potentially impacting cancer initiation processes. Genetic background increases cancer risk in individuals with Lynch syndrome; however, not all carriers develop cancer. Various lifestyle factors can influence Lynch syndrome cancer risk, and lifestyle choices actively shape systemic metabolism, with circulating metabolites potentially serving as the mechanical link between lifestyle and cancer risk. This study aims to characterize the circulating metabolome of Lynch syndrome carriers, shedding light on the energy metabolism status in this cancer predisposition syndrome. This study consists of a three-group cross-sectional analysis to compare the circulating metabolome of cancer-free Lynch syndrome carriers, sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and healthy non-carrier controls. We detected elevated levels of circulating cholesterol, lipids, and lipoproteins in LS carriers. Furthermore, we unveiled that Lynch syndrome carriers and CRC patients displayed similar alterations compared to healthy non-carriers in circulating amino acid and ketone body profiles. Both groups exhibited increased systemic inflammation based on higher levels of global N-acetyl glycosylation (GlycA). Overall, a remarkable similarity between the circulating metabolome of healthy Lynch syndrome carriers and CRC patients suggests shared metabolic perturbations that may contribute to Lynch syndrome cancer susceptibility. This study provides valuable insights into systemic metabolic landscape of Lynch syndrome individuals. The findings hint at shared metabolic patterns between cancer-free Lynch syndrome carriers and CRC patients.
Immune Cell Infiltration is Discriminative for ABMR and TCMR
Authors: Zheng Bingxuan , Dou Meng , Deng Ge , Wei Tian , Niu Zejiaxin , Ding Chenguang , Xue Wujun , Tian Puxun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) are the important causes of kidney transplant failure. Here, we aimed to evaluate the different levels and composition of infiltrating immune cells in kidney allografts of patients with ABMR or TCMR. Gene expression profiles GSE36059 and GSE48581 were obtained from the GEO database. Then, an established algorithm method called CIBERSORT was used to estimate the abundance of 22 immune cells based on microarray profiles in the GSE36059 dataset. The GSE48581 dataset was used as a validation cohort to confirm the different infiltrating immune cells between the ABMR and the TCMR groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the value of the infiltrating immune cells in discriminating ABMR from TCMR. Immune infiltration analysis by CIBERSORT method showed that TCMR samples had a higher level of T cell subsets compared with the ABMR samples. In the TCMR group, a significant increase in CD4 + activated memory T cells, follicular helper T cells, gamma delta (GD) T cells was observed. In the ABMR group, we found that plasma cells, resting NK cells, activated NK cells, and resting dendritic cells were increased. Similar results were also obtained in the validation cohort. The combined analysis of these infiltrating immune cells in discriminating ABMR from TCMR had an AUC of 0.839 (95% CI: 0.753–0.924) in the GSE36059 dataset and an AUC of 0.899 (95% CI: 0.823–0.975) in the validation cohort. Our data suggest that there was an obvious difference in immune infiltration between ABMR and TCMR. Plasma cells, resting NK cells, activated NK cells, resting dendritic cells, CD4 + activated memory T cells, follicular helper T cells combined with gamma delta T cells could better discriminate ABMR from TCMR.
Effects of exercise for the prevention of sarcopenia after bariatric surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mendes Cláudia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Bariatric surgery is a treatment for severe obesity with associated pathologies, with proven evidence of its benefits. In addition to the reduction in body fat mass, weight loss associated with bariatric surgery is greatly influenced by the significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral mass, which could negatively affect functional capacity and consequently increase the risk of sarcopenia. The need for prophylactic programs that prevent sarcopenia in bariatric surgery patients seems to be one of the crucial points for the long-term surgical success of bariatric and metabolic surgery. This study aimed to analyze the published literature on the effects of physical exercise on sarcopenia induced by bariatric surgery. We followed the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews, conducted in Pubmed/Medline, Ebsco, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Randomized controlled studies, controlled clinical studies, and other experimental studies were considered for inclusion in the study. A total of 356 possibly relevant studies were identified, and 8 studies were included in the review, 6 of which were randomized experimental studies, 1 pilot study, and 1 quasi-experimental study, with quality considered reasonable and good. The practice of structured physical exercise allows significant improvements in body composition, with positive effects on functional capacity, muscle strength, metabolic risk factors, and quality of life in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, especially with the combined type of exercise. The studies did not objectively evaluate sarcopenia, but in a complementary way, with analysis of associated parameters and criteria. An individualized and supervised combined exercise program contributes to the reduction of sarcopenia after bariatric surgery.
Does Corporate Governance Moderates the Impact of Earnings Management on Capital Structure: Evidence from Palestine and Amman Bourses
Authors: Alhassan Shams Al-duha Abu , Nour Abdulnaser , Atout Sameh , Daraghma Zahran , Jebreen Kamel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose –
The purpose of this research is to investigate the moderating role of corporate governance on the relationship between earnings management and debt level in capital structure.
Design/methodology/approach –
This paper used a hypothesis-testing research approach to gather data from the annual reports of 13 industrial companies listed on Palestine Exchange and 25 Jordanian corporations listed on Amman Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed, along with correlation analysis to evaluate linear relationships between variables. The fixed and random effect regressions were utilized to develop the research model.
Findings –
In the case of Palestinian manufacturing firms, the results revealed that Earnings Management (EM) had a significant negative impact on debt level. According to the moderating role of Corporate Governance (CG), larger boards and the existence of female members on the board of directors causes an increase in the high-leverage impact of EM, whereas CEO duality mitigates the high-leverage impact. However, in the case of Jordanian manufacturing firms, EM showed an insignificant impact on debt level. Regarding the moderating role of CG, it was proved that the presence of female members on the board of directors increased the firm’s reliance on debt financing as a result of EM practices, while institutional investors mitigate the effect of EM on debt financing, leading to a decrease in reliance on debt.
Research limitations/implications –
A few CG variables that may have a direct impact on financing decisions, such as management expertise, CEO compensation, CEO tenure and ownership concentration, are not included in this study. The absence of a unanimous CG index to measure the compliance of CG practices, as well as the existence of the reciprocal effect of capital structure on CG, is also a limiting factor. Additionally, due to the small sample size and time period, the findings cannot be generalized to other samples outside of the manufacturing sector or other time frames.
Originality/value –
The findings of this research are suitable for the regulators while formulating policies on the Corporate Governance and the Impact of Earnings Management on Capital Structure. These findings have guided the policymakers that they should enhance their focus on Palestine and Jordan companies to test Corporate Governance Moderates the Impact of Earnings Management on Capital Structure. This study is also helpful for the new researcher while investigating this area in the future.
Exploring Optical Soliton Solutions and Bifurcation Analysis in the Space- Time Fractional Fokas-Lenells (STFFL) Equation with Sardar Sub-Equation (SSE) Approach
Authors: Ali Ahmed Refaie , Alam Md. Nur , Parven Mst. Wahida 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The space-time fractional Fokas-Lenells (STFFL) equation is a mathematical model used in telecommunications and transmission technology to describe complex phenomena. It explains nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers. In this study, we use the Sardar sub-equation (SSE) approach with the STFFL equation to find unexplored optical soliton solutions (OSSs) and analyze their bifurcations. These OSSs include bright-dark, periodic, multiple bright-dark solitons, and various types. We use 2D, contour, and 3D diagrams to illustrate the impact of fractional and time parameters on these solutions. Additionally, we create 2D, 3D, contour, and bifurcation analysis diagrams to examine the nonlinear effects of the STFFL equation. We establish a Hamiltonian function (HF) for phase plane dynamics analysis and conduct simulations using Python and MAPLE software. The discovered OSS solutions have practical implications for real-world physical events. This study demonstrates the utility and reliability of the SSE scheme for solving time-space nonlinear fractional differential equations (TSNLFDEs).
Compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines in Ophthalmology Social Media Posts
Authors: Sharma Meghan , Shah Serena , Gil Alexandra , Huertas Laura , Bitrian Elena , Chang Ta Chen Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a cross-sectional analysis of publicly available Internet data to examine compliance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) on patient education social media posts in ophthalmology. WCAG ensures web content accessibility for those with disabilities (including visual impairment). Social media posts were sampled from 10 ophthalmology patient education social media pages and 10 non-ophthalmology (cardiopulmonary) pages as the comparison group. Three independent reviewers graded the selected posts based on the WebAIM© WCAG 2 checklist adapted for social media posts. Validated accessibility standard labels: “0” for not meeting any standards, “1” for meeting bare minimum accessibility requirements, “2” for meeting legal accessibility requirements, or “3” for exceeding accessibility requirements. There were no significant differences between ophthalmology and non-ophthalmology posts in receiving high vs. low WCAG grades. 49% of ratings for ophthalmology social media posts showed no compliance with any WCAG. The most common reasons that ophthalmology posts failed to meet criteria were due to color and contrast issues (38.9%). Most ophthalmology social media posts had low WCAG scores, indicating poor compliance to WCAG. Because social media is highly visual, reduced compliance to WCAG may create barriers for low vision individuals to successfully access patient education social media content.
Discovery of a novel SHP2 allosteric inhibitor using virtual screening, FMO calculation and molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Zhang Manzhan , Chang Longfeng , Chen Xingyu , Ruan Shanshan , Shi Shanshan , Zhang Yiqing , Zhu Lili , Li Honglin , Li Shiliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Investigating the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is a continuing concern in the context of various human diseases, including Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, and cancers. SHP2 is an essential bridge to connect numerous oncogenic cell-signaling cascades including RAS-ERK, PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. This study aims to discover novel and potent SHP2 inhibitors using a hierarchical structure-based virtual screening strategy that combines molecular docking and the fragment molecular orbital method (FMO) for calculating binding affinity (referred to as the Dock-FMO protocol). We employed Dock-FMO virtual screening of ChemDiv database of ∼2,990,000 compounds to identify a novel SHP2 allosteric inhibitor bearing hydroxyimino acetamide scaffold. Experimental validation demonstrated that the new compound (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-2-phenyl-N-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)acetamide (7188-0011)effectively inhibited SHP2 in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis revealed the binding stability of compound 7188-0011and the SHP2 protein, along with the key interacting residues in the allosteric binding site. Overall, our work has identified a novel and promising allosteric inhibitor that targets SHP2, providing a new starting point for further optimization to develop more potent inhibitors.
Study on the rotational performance of steel hub joints of wood reticulated domes subjected to monotonic and cyclic bending moment
Authors: Li Shi-Guang , Zhu En-Chun , Niu Shuang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Steel hub joints with bolted steel side plates (SHJ-BSSP) has been widely adopted in wood reticulated domes, yet few studies have been conducted on its mechanical behaviour. This paper presents a refined finite model for SHJ-BSSP joints, which is verified against existing test results and used for further parametric study on the rotational performance of SHJ-BSSP joints subjected to monotonic and cyclic bending moment. The flexural stiffness and capacity of joints about the strong and weak axes is investigated, accounting for influences from axial compression and the number of shear bolts. The results indicate that the joints, under monotonic loading, demonstrate typical elastic-plastic behavior. Higher compression force and more shear bolts can enhance rotational stiffness and ultimate moment of the joint, while decreasing the ductility due to the earlier yielding of wood within the bearing region of the joint. Under cyclic loading, the hysteretic curves of joints exhibit an obvious pinched hysteretic behavior due to the clearances within the joint. As a result of the second order bending moment stemming from axial compression force, the slipping region of the hysteretic curves tend to deviate from the horizontal coordinate axis. Furthermore, larger compression and more shear bolts can increase the total energy dissipation of the system while decreasing the proportion of energy dissipation from the bolted connections. Conclusions are drawn regarding the feature and failure mechanism of the SHJ-BSSP joints, which are helpful guidelines for practical design.
Large Scale Protein Production and Activity Assay Protocols for Human Glycogen Synthase-Glycogenin Complex
Authors: Marr Laura , Biswas Dipsikha , Sakamoto Kei , Zeqiraj Elton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Glycogen synthase (GS) is the rate limiting enzyme for glycogen production and together with glycogenin (GN) and glycogen branching enzyme (GBE), can generate glycogen particles containing up to 50,000 glucose units. Dysregulation of glycogen synthesis, for example overproduction or accumulation of misshapen glycogen, is the source of many glycogen storage diseases affecting glucose homeostasis and muscle and neuronal cell function. As such, GS is an attractive candidate enzyme for therapeutic targeting, which until recently, was hampered by difficulties in producing active human GS enzyme preparations. Here, we describe the large-scale production of GS in complex with GN, and assay conditions to measure enzyme activity in the absence and presence of the allosteric activator glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). These protocols, together with assays for quality control assessment of enzyme preparations, provide a useful resource for studying the biochemical, biophysical and structural properties of the GS-GN complex, and facilitate drug discovery pipelines to develop therapeutics for glycogen storage diseases.
The Efficacy of 12-week Progressive Home-Based Strength and Tai-Chi Exercise Snacking in Older Adults: A Mixed-Method Exploratory Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Liang Ian Ju , Perkin Oliver , Williams Sean , McGuigan Polly , Thompson Dylan , Western Max J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Maintaining physical function is important for independence and frailty prevention in later life, but very few older adults meet exercise recommendations. Previous studies found that 4-week 'exercise and Tai-chi snacking’ as a viable alternative to traditional exercise is acceptable to healthy older adults.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 12-week progressive exercise and Tai-chi snacking programme on physical function and psychological outcomes in pre-frail older adults.
Design: Randomised controlled trial.
Setting: Community-dwelling older adults.
Participants: 90 older adults with impaired strength and balance were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention or waitlist control group.
Intervention: A 12-week progressive exercise and Tai-chi snacking programme.
Measurements: Physical function (the short physical performance battery (SPPB), single-leg balance test and sit-to-stand test) and self-reported psychological outcomes were measured remotely at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-weeks. A subset of 40 participants also completed in-person functional assessments, and 26 intervention participants underwent semi-structured interviews to feedback on their experiences.
Results: The 12-week progressive home-based exercise and Tai-chi snacking improved strength, balance, and mobility at each timepoint compared to control group. Timed-up-and-go and total SPPB scores were also better in the intervention group compared to the control group in lab subset participants. Based on the qualitative findings, Participants found the programme accessible and beneficial, making it suitable for older adults and increasing self-efficacy in physical activities.
Conclusions: The home-based exercise and Tai-chi snacking programme significantly improved lower extremity strength, balance, and mobility in pre-frail older adults. This low-cost programme is considered beneficial, acceptable and easy implemented physical function intervention.
FTIR, XPol, and LC-MS confirm endogenous collagen in Edmontosaurus fossil bone
Authors: Tuinstra Lucien , Thomas Brian , Robinson Steven , Pawlak Krzysztof , Elezi Gazmend , Faull Kym Francis , Taylor Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Reports of proteins in fossilized bones have ignited an on-going debate because previously it was generally assumed that fossilization results in destruction of all organic components. We combine Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy, cross-polarized light microscopy (XPol), and two variations of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), to detect and verify endogenous collagen protein in fossilized bone. Data from an Edmontosaurus dinosaur excavated from Upper Cretaceous strata of the South Dakota Hell Creek Formation were compared with that from thermally decayed modern turkey (Meleagris) bone. The four methods show independent evidence for collagen presence in the fossilized bone. ATR-FTIR spectra show a signal for carbonyl (C = O) groups, a repeat moiety in protein amino acid sequences. XPol shows the birefringence of collagen within Meleagris, as well as Edmontosaurus. LC-MS bottom-up proteomics showed m/z agreement between multiple ions from trypsin-digested samples and identifies peptide sequences thus far only identified in a hadrosaur. Tandem LC-MS unambiguously identified hydroxyproline, a unique collagen-indicator amino acid, in acid-digested samples from the same.
Insights into the Mechanism of Osteoporosis and the Available Treatment
Options
Authors: Muniyasamy Rajeshwari , Manjubala Inderchand 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Osteoporosis, one of the most prevalent bone illnesses, majorly affects postmenopausal
women and men over 50 years of age. Osteoporosis is associated with an increased
susceptibility to fragility fractures and can result in persistent pain and significant impairment in
affected individuals. The primary method for diagnosing osteoporosis involves the assessment of
bone mineral density (BMD) through the utilisation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA). The integration of a fracture risk assessment algorithm with bone mineral density
(BMD) has led to significant progress in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Given that osteoporosis is
a chronic condition and multiple factors play an important role in maintaining bone mass,
comprehending its underlying mechanism is crucial for developing more effective pharmaceutical
interventions for the disease. The effective management of osteoporosis involves the
utilisation of appropriate pharmacological agents in conjunction with suitable dietary
interventions and lifestyle modifications. This review provides a comprehensive understanding
of the types of osteoporosis and elucidates the currently available pharmacological treatment
options and their related mechanism of action and usage.
Emerging Role of Non-collagenous Bone Proteins as Osteokines in
Extraosseous Tissues
Authors: Jawich Kenda , Hadakie Rana , Jamal Souhaib , Habeeb Rana , Al Fahoum Sahar , Ferlin Alberto , De Toni Luca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Bone is a unique tissue, composed of various types of cells embedded in a calcified extracellular
matrix (ECM), whose dynamic structure consists of organic and inorganic compounds
produced by bone cells. The main inorganic component is represented by hydroxyapatite, whilst
the organic ECM is primarily made up of type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins. These proteins
play an important role in bone homeostasis, calcium regulation, and maintenance of the hematopoietic
niche. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of specific
bone proteins, named “osteokines”, possessing endocrine functions and exerting effects on nonosseous
tissues. Accordingly, osteokines have been found to act as growth factors, cell receptors,
and adhesion molecules, thus modifying the view of bone from a static tissue fulfilling mobility to
an endocrine organ itself. Since bone is involved in a paracrine and endocrine cross-talk with
other tissues, a better understanding of bone secretome and the systemic roles of osteokines is expected
to provide benefits in multiple topics: such as identification of novel biomarkers and the development
of new therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses in detail the known osseous
and extraosseous effects of these proteins and the possible respective clinical and therapeutic significance.