bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Material Modeling and Digitalization in Industry: Barriers and Perspectives
Authors: Scotti Lucia , Basoalto Hector , Moffat James , Cogswell Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaterials modeling technologies are fundamental to explore, understand, and ultimately predict materials behavior. They are essential to solve challenges posed by the need to reduce human impact on the environment. Modeling and simulation of materials behavior have been recognized over the years as fundamental as an asset in industrial R & D, guiding the decision-making process regarding the design or optimization of new products and manufacturing processes. At the same time, it reduces product cost and development time. However, highlighting the revenue brought by using such tools is not trivial, especially because they mainly affect the complex activities such as the innovation process, whose return only becomes available in the long run and it is difficult to measure. This means that the materials modeling field is often overlooked in an industry setting, where it is not integrated in the company workflow. In some cases, modeling provides the potential to capture tacit knowledge preventing the loss of capability in an aging specialist community, that why its industrial integration is important. This paper explores the reason behind this dichotomy, presenting first what it is intended for the modeling process, and the main types used in materials application. The current industrial adoption is reviewed by outlining success stories, economic impact, business uptake, and barriers. Past and current approaches and strategies are also presented and discussed. In prospective, materials modeling plays a key role in developing material-centric industry for sustainable economy, providing physical understating (physics-based models) and fast approaches (data-driven solutions). Digitalization is the mean for the green economy and it needs to push for a more integration at the core of the business of materials modeling.
French validation of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) in a university student sample
Authors: Ritz Ludivine , Mauny Nicolas , Leconte Pascale , Margas Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD) is characterized by the combination of problematic alcohol use and eating disorder symptoms to offset caloric intake associated with alcohol drinking and/or to enhance intoxication. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) is a proven tool for measuring FAD, validated in English and Italian populations but never in the French population. The present study aims at validating a French version of the CEBRACS in a representative sample of university students and to determine its validity and reliability.

Methods
2267 university students completed the CEBRACS and measures of eating disorders, alcohol consumption and exercise.

Results
An exploratory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure: enhancement of the effects of alcohol, dietary restraint and exercise, purging and vomiting and extreme fasting. The internal consistency for these subscales ranged from good to excellent. Correlations between the CEBRACS and eating disorders, alcohol and exercise measures revealed a good concurrent validity. No gender differences were found in the CEBRACS scores. Participants with a CEBRACS total score > 21 points were at higher risk for developing eating disorders and alcohol-related problems.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the reliability and validity of the French version of the CEBRACS. The distinct factors identified in the CEBRACS allow to distinguish between participants with different motives for engaging FAD behaviour and thus to prevent future development of eating and/or alcohol use disorders. The CEBRACS seems to be a relevant scale to capture FAD behaviors and thus to prevent negative and deleterious consequences.
Level of evidence: Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Do lifestyle, anthropometric and demographic factors associated with muscle strength differ in a UK and Japanese cohort? An exploratory analysis
Authors: Dennison Elaine M. , Laskou Faidra , Westbury Leo D. , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Fuggle Nicholas R. , Iidaka Toshiko , Horii Chiaki , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko , Cooper Cyrus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Muscle weakness is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including disability and mortality. We report demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle correlates of grip strength in UK and Japanese population-based cohorts.

Aim
To report prevalence of low grip strength according to 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) thresholds and to consider correlates of grip strength in Eastern and Western populations.

Methods
UK (1572 men; 1415 women) and Japanese (519 men; 1027 women) participants were recruited from two cohorts harmonised by consensus. Muscle strength was measured by grip strength dynamometry. Potential correlates of grip strength were examined using sex-stratified linear regression; univariate correlates (p < 0.05) were included in mutually adjusted models.

Results
Mean (SD) age was 66.2 (2.8) and 65.8 (12.3) in UK and Japanese cohorts, respectively. Prevalence of low grip strength was higher in Japanese participants (EWGSOP2 5.4% versus 2.4%, AWGS 2019 9.0% versus 3.7%). In both cohorts and sexes, univariate correlates of lower grip strength were older age, shorter height, not consuming alcohol, leaving education earlier and greater comorbidity. Apart from older age and shorter height, the only factors related to lower grip strength in mutually adjusted analyses were greater comorbidity among UK participants (kg difference in grip strength (95%CI) per additional comorbidity − 0.60(− 0.98, − 0.21) among men and − 0.50(− 0.86, − 0.13) among women) and not consuming alcohol among Japanese men (− 1.33(− 2.51, − 0.15)).

Discussion
Correlates of muscle strength were similar in both cohorts.

Conclusions
A global approach to age-related muscle weakness prevention may be appropriate.
Traceability System of Sand Core in Casting Production with a Digital-Twin Core Rack
Authors: Deng Fangtian , Li Rui , Klan Steffen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent development of casting traceability, it has been noticed that many casting manufacturing processes that involve the use of sand cores often lack proper traceability back to the cores used in their production and the supporting production information. Most marking symbols applied to sand cores using existing marking methods not only exhibit unstable code readability but also pose critical risks to the surface quality of sand cores. In response, we developed and tested a digital-twin core rack aimed at transferring digital codes to sand cores without contact with their surfaces. By utilizing infrared sensors for real-time object detection, the core rack can transfer digital identical codes from the core-making machine to the core rack, and subsequently to the casting machine. This digital code encompasses all relevant process data of a sand core, from core making to de-coring. Moreover, the various sensors embedded in the core rack were designed to monitor air humidity, temperature, and vibration events during the transport and storage of the cores. These parameters are especially critical for maintaining the quality of inorganic sand cores. The study demonstrates the successful application of each component within this conceptual framework. Looking ahead, it is imperative to update the hardware of this concept to ensure its adaptation to the demanding conditions of an industrial environment.
Life cycle assessment of the casting process with the addition of niobium from scrap
Authors: da Silva Henrique G. , Ferreira Joao C. E. , Kelm Tamile , Ivaniski Thiago M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSustainability has become increasingly important, given the scenario of environmental degradation, and the industrial sector is significantly responsible for this adverse scenario. An important manufacturing process is casting, but it consumes many natural resources and generates waste, emitting pollutants and consuming much water and electricity. Thus, this work investigated the environmental impacts through life cycle assessment (LCA) arising from the gray cast iron casting process by adding niobium from scrap. Niobium improves molten material’s structure and mechanical properties, and it has been obtained from a company that separates it with a ballistic magnetic separator. A production model of 800 ingots was devised, using recycled material from a supplier and reused material from the factory itself, such as recycled sand. The processes using recycled materials resulted in lower impacts than those using new materials. Sand recycling and sand mold preparation stages have significant impact due to the presence of binders, typically used in sand molds, and transportation by vehicles powered by fossil fuels. Abiotic depletion indicates the need to transition to renewable energy sources and sustainable materials, such as developing clean energy infrastructure. Regarding global warming, there were high values for all stages of the casting process, with the highest value in the sand recycling stage. To prevent eutrophication, proper waste management should be implemented, such as cleaner technologies in the smelter implementing efficient effluent treatment systems. Concerning freshwater ecotoxicity, the effluents generated should be treated to reduce the concentration of pollutants before being discarded in the aquatic environment.
An Update from the Benchmark Survey of phactMI™ Member Companies on Providing Medical Information in the Digital Space
Authors: Dupuy Sheena , Opincar Laura , Pandya Kirtida , Wnorowski Susan , Cuellar Marianne , Riggins Jennifer , Hermes-DeSantis Evelyn R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
The Pharma Collaboration for Transparent Medical Information (phactMI™) benchmarking survey of 32 pharmaceutical companies describes the use of technology by Medical Information Departments.

Methods
A survey was distributed to phactMI™ member companies in June 2022 and included 79 closed and open-ended questions. The survey’s six sections included demographics, chatbot, social media, instant messaging applications, websites, and technology.

Results
Most Medical Information Departments have implemented innovative technology since 2019 with the main driver of remaining up-to-date. A total of 94% have a Medical Information website. Of those with a Medical Information website for healthcare professionals (HCPs), 97% allow for self-authentication. Most HCP-based websites have webforms for inquiries and 1–800 numbers, while only few offer video chat, chatbot, and the ability to identify local representatives. These websites also link to clinicaltrials.gov, publications, posters, and congress materials. Only 30% have a website for patients/caregivers. Most websites are discoverable by Google™. Awareness of Medical Information Websites occurs in a variety of ways, with most using multiple strategies to reach HCPs. There is wide variation in the technology platform used for the core functions of Medical Information.

Conclusion
As technology continues to advance and omnichannel content remains a key objective, Medical Information needs to remain agile and transformative in their strategic and tactical planning and execution. Based on this benchmarking survey, the authors recommend that Medical Information Departments focus on expanding services for patients/caregivers, leverage digital innovations, expanding awareness, building efficiencies in workflow through technology, and continually improving website functionalities with innovative technologies.
A new propulsion enhancement mechanism in metachronal rowing at intermediate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Lionetti Seth , Lou Zhipeng , Herrera-Amaya Adrian , Byron Margaret L. , Li Chengyu 
Published: November 2023

Metachronal rowing is a biological propulsion mechanism employed by many swimming invertebrates (e.g. copepods, ctenophores, krill and shrimp). Animals that swim using this mechanism feature rows of appendages that oscillate in a coordinated wave. In this study, we used observations of a swimming ctenophore (comb jelly) to examine the hydrodynamic performance and vortex dynamics associated with metachronal rowing. We first reconstructed the beating kinematics of ctenophore appendages based on a high-speed video of a metachronally coordinated row. Following the reconstruction, two numerical models were developed and simulated using an in-house immersed-boundary-method-based computational fluid dynamics solver. The two models included the original geometry (16 appendages in a row) and a sparse geometry (8 appendages, formed by removing every other appendage along the row). We found that appendage tip vortex interactions contribute to hydrodynamic performance via a vortex-weakening mechanism. Through this mechanism, appendage tip vortices are significantly weakened during the drag-producing recovery stroke. As a result, the swimming ctenophore produces less overall drag, and its thrust-to-power ratio is significantly improved (up to 55.0 % compared with the sparse model). Our parametric study indicated that such a propulsion enhancement mechanism is less effective at higher Reynolds numbers. Simulations were also used to investigate the effects of substrate curvature on the unsteady hydrodynamics. Our results illustrated that, compared with a flat substrate, arranging appendages on a curved substrate can boost the overall thrust generation by up to 29.5 %. These findings provide new insights into the fluid dynamic principles of propulsion enhancement underlying metachronal rowing.
Ice geometry and thermal regime of Lyngmarksbræen Ice Cap, West Greenland
Authors: Gillespie Mette Kusk , Yde Jacob Clement , Andresen Marit Svarstad , Citterio Michele , Gillespie Mark Andrew Kusk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObservations remain sparse for peripheral glaciers and ice caps in Greenland. Here, we present the results of a multi-frequency radar survey of Lyngmarksbræen Ice Cap in West Greenland conducted in April 2017. Radar measurements show thick ice of up to ~120 m in subglacial valleys associated with the largest outlet glaciers, while relatively thin ice cover the upper plateau ice divides, suggesting future vulnerability to ice cap fragmentation. At the time of the radar survey, Lyngmarksbræen Ice Cap had a total volume of 0.82 ± 0.1 km3. Measurements show a 1.5–2 m thick end-of-winter snowpack, and that firn is largely absent, signifying a prolonged period of negative mass balance for most of the ice cap. The thermal regime of Lyngmarksbræen Ice Cap is investigated through analysis of scattering observed along radar profiles. Results show that the ice cap is largely below the pressure melting point, but that temperate ice exists both in deep basal pockets and in shallow zones that some places extend from ~15 m depth and to the ice base. The distribution of shallow temperate ice appears unrelated to variations in ice thickness; instead we find a strong correlation to the presence of nearby surface crevasses.
Projecting forest cover in Madagascar's protected areas to 2050 and its implications for lemur conservation
Authors: Rafanoharana Serge C. , Andrianambinina F. Ollier D. , Rasamuel H. Andry , Waeber Patrick O. , Wilmé Lucienne , Ganzhorn Jörg U. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPredicting future conservation needs can help inform conservation management but is subject to uncertainty. We measured deforestation rates during 2015–2017 for 114 protected areas in Madagascar, linked deforestation to the status of protection according to IUCN categories I–VI, used recent deforestation rates to extrapolate forest cover over 2017–2050 and linked the size of forest blocks to the projected persistence of lemur subpopulations. In the six IUCN categories for protected areas in Madagascar the median size of forest blocks is 9–37 km2 and median annual deforestation rates range from 0.02% in the single IUCN category III site to 0.19% in category II and 1.95% in category VI sites. In 2017, 40% of all forest blocks within protected areas were < 10 km2, and this is projected to increase to 45% in 2050. Apart from these small forest fragments, the modal site of forest blocks was 160–320 km2 in 2017, and this is projected to decrease to 80–160 km2 in 2050. The range of > 50% of all lemur species exclusively contains forest blocks of < 10 km2. The modal size of forest blocks > 10 km2 is predicted to remain at 120 km2 until 2050. Although uncertainty remains, these analyses provide hope that forest blocks within the protected areas of Madagascar will remain large enough to maintain lemur subpopulations for most species until 2050. This should allow sufficient time for the implementation of effective conservation measures.
Posttraumatic stress and delay discounting: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Bird Brian M. , Levitt Emily E. , Stewart Sherry H. , Wanklyn Sonya G. , Meyer Eric C. , Murphy James G. , McDevitt-Murphy Meghan E. , MacKillop James 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDelay discounting—the extent to which individuals show a preference for smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards—has been proposed as a transdiagnostic neurocognitive process across mental health conditions, but its examination in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comparatively recent. To assess the aggregated evidence for elevated delay discounting in relation to posttraumatic stress, we conducted a meta-analysis on existing empirical literature. Bibliographic searches identified 209 candidate articles, of which 13 articles with 14 independent effect sizes were eligible for meta-analysis, reflecting a combined sample size of N = 6897. Individual study designs included case-control (e.g. examination of differences in delay discounting between individuals with and without PTSD) and continuous association studies (e.g. relationship between posttraumatic stress symptom severity and delay discounting). In a combined analysis of all studies, the overall relationship was a small but statistically significant positive association between posttraumatic stress and delay discounting (r = .135, p < .0001). The same relationship was statistically significant for continuous association studies (r = .092, p = .027) and case-control designs (r = .179, p < .001). Evidence of publication bias was minimal. The included studies were limited in that many did not concurrently incorporate other psychiatric conditions in the analyses, leaving the specificity of the relationship to posttraumatic stress less clear. Nonetheless, these findings are broadly consistent with previous meta-analyses of delayed reward discounting in relation to other mental health conditions and provide further evidence for the transdiagnostic utility of this construct.
A rare combination: a single common pulmonary vein with polysplenia syndrome
Authors: Beyazal Meryem , Sayın Seçil , Unlu Havva Akmaz , Özdemir Şahan Yasemin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA single common pulmonary vein is a rare anomaly, mostly occurring with asplenia. We wanted to report our case because it co-exists with polysplenia and ciliary dyskinesia.A baby girl about 2 months old with respiratory arrest was admitted to the emergency room of our hospital. She responded to pulmonary resuscitation. We ascertained from her medical history that she had been hospitalised twice because of recurrent lung infections. After the initial check and treatment, we applied imaging modalities to detect underlying problems of recurrent lung infection. Echocardiographic evaluation was suboptimal because of the widespread pulmonary infiltration. Still, we noticed a single common pulmonary vein without obstruction at the junction of the left atrium. Subsequently, a chest CT scan with contrast was performed. It revealed a single common pulmonary vein entering the left atrium with a single orifice, atrial septal defect, two lobes in both lungs, hepatic veins draining directly into the right atrium, and polysplenia. When the flow of a single common pulmonary vein goes directly to the right atrium through the defect, it may cause right heart dilatation as it did in our case. Therefore, patients may need to undergo surgery at an earlier age.
Creative destruction, human capital accumulation, and growth in a digital economy
Authors: Liao Lewei , Qin Xuezheng , Li Xiaolong , Gong Liutang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of the digital economy has highlighted the crucial role of data in economic growth. This study investigates the impact of two types of innovation on long-term growth by incorporating data into a model of creative destruction and knowledge accumulation. Unlike traditional factors, data exhibit nonrivalry between the two research and development (R&D) sectors, thereby influencing the growth rate of economic outputs simultaneously without interference. Our findings reveal the existence of a balanced growth path (BGP) in both the decentralized economy and the social planner’s economy. In horizontal innovation, data can be transformed into digital knowledge to promote the economic growth [Cong et al. (2021)]. In addition to horizontal innovation, the utilization of data in vertical innovation also enhances the success rate of innovation, with a gradual decrease in per capita data usage on the BGP. Moreover, as agents accumulate human capital, the economy achieves higher output levels, effectively addressing consumer privacy concerns. However, along the transitional path, insufficient data provision by both R&D sectors leads to lower economic growth rates or more intense economic fluctuations, necessitating policy interventions.
The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage
Authors: Hauck Judith , Gregor Luke , Nissen Cara , Patara Lavinia , Hague Mark , Mongwe Precious , Bushinsky Seth , Doney Scott C. , Gruber Nicolas , Le Quéré Corinne , Manizza Manfredi , Mazloff Matthew , Monteiro Pedro M. S. , Terhaar Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.28 PgC yr−1) and pCO2‐observation‐based products (0.73 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1). This sink is only half that reported by RECCAP1 for the same region and timeframe. The present‐day net uptake is to first order a response to rising atmospheric CO2, driving large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) into the ocean, thereby overcompensating the loss of natural CO2 to the atmosphere. An apparent knowledge gap is the increase of the sink since 2000, with pCO2‐products suggesting a growth that is more than twice as strong and uncertain as that of GOBMs (0.26 ± 0.06 and 0.11 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 decade−1, respectively). This is despite nearly identical pCO2 trends in GOBMs and pCO2‐products when both products are compared only at the locations where pCO2 was measured. Seasonal analyses revealed agreement in driving processes in winter with uncertainty in the magnitude of outgassing, whereas discrepancies are more fundamental in summer, when GOBMs exhibit difficulties in simulating the effects of the non‐thermal processes of biology and mixing/circulation. Ocean interior accumulation of Cant points to an underestimate of Cant uptake and storage in GOBMs. Future work needs to link surface fluxes and interior ocean transport, build long overdue systematic observation networks and push toward better process understanding of drivers of the carbon cycle.