bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neue Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen von Bis(fluorphenyl)quecksilber, Hg(Rf)2 (Rf = C6F5, 2, 3, 4, 6‐F4C6H, 2, 3, 5, 6‐F4C6H, 2, 4, 6‐F3C6H2, 2, 6‐F2C6H3)
Authors: Naumann Dieter , Schulz Frank 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBis(fluorphenyl)quecksilber‐Verbindungen, Hg(Rf)2 (Rf = C6F5, C6HF4, C6H2F3, C6H3F2), werden durch Reaktionen von HgF2 mit Me3SiRf in sehr guten Ausbeuten dargestellt. Die Kristallstrukturen von Hg(2, 3, 4, 6‐F4C6H)2 (monoklin, P21/n), Hg(2, 3, 5, 6‐F4C6H)2 (monoklin, C2/m), Hg(2, 4, 6‐F3C6H2)2 (monoklin, P21/c) und Hg(2, 6‐F2C6H3)2 (triklin, P1) werden beschrieben.
Phosphonio‐benzophospholide Zwitterions as Bridging 8e‐Donor Ligands: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Bakk Istvan , Gudat Dietrich , Häp Stefan , Nieger Martin , Nyulaszi László , Szarvas László 
Published: December 2004

AbstractReactions of the phosphonio‐benzophospholide π‐complexes 3a, b[Cr] with [M(CO)5(olefin)] or of the σ‐complexes 2a, b[M] (M = Cr, Mo, W) with [M(CO)3(aren)] lead to the first binuclear complexes 4a, b[CrM] featuring phosphonoio‐benzophospholides as μ‐bridging 8e‐donor ligands to two group 6 metal atoms. The constitution of the products was determined by spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction studies. Mixed complexes with both group 6 and 7 metals were not accessible. Mechanistic studies showed that the reactions follow a complicated mechanism whose single steps may involve transfer of either M(CO)n fragments or single CO ligands between complexes; the latter are associated with a σ/π‐coordination isomerization of the benzophospholide unit. Competition between both reaction channels can lead to the formation of product mixtures whose composition is controlled by the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the products. Computational studies suggest that in the more stable isomer of heterobimetallic complexes 4a, b[MM′] end‐on coordination to the heavier and side‐on coordination to the lighter metal atom is preferred.
The Crystal Structures of the High‐temperature Phases of Ag4Mn3O8
Authors: Ahlert S. , Dinnebier R. , Jansen M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo endothermic, reversible structural phase transitions of first order have been observed in Ag4Mn3O8by means ofin‐situpowder diffraction and by differential scanning calorimetry. At a temperature ofT= 477 K, Ag4Mn3O8undergoes a structural phase transition from the room temperature phase in space groupP3121 to a phase in space groupR32, and atT= 689 K a second phase transition to a structure in space groupP4332 occurs. Whilst the Mn3O8framework does not change significantly upon heating, rearrangements of the silver atoms, located in the cavities of the framework, were found to be the driving force behind the transitions. The structural changes with increasing temperature proceed along a path of minimal group‐supergroup relations between the respective space groups.
A Novel Access to Phenylnickel‐phosphinophenolate Trimethylphosphine Complexes as Single Component Oligo‐ or Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Heinicke Joachim , Peulecke Normen , Kindermann Markus K. , Jones Peter G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA novel access to phenylnickel‐2‐phosphinophenolate trimethylphosphine complexes, which unlike the “P‐ylide method” is not limited to P‐arylphosphino derivatives, consists of the reaction of 2‐phosphinophenols and diphenylnickel‐bis(trimethylphosphine), easily prepared from phenyllithium and NiCl2(PMe3)2. [PhNi(2‐Ph2PC6H4O)(PMe3)], [PhNi(2‐cHex2PC6H4O)(PMe3)] and [PhNi(2‐Ph2P‐4‐MeOC6H3O)(PMe3)], the latter two with more basic dialkylphosphino or 4‐methoxy substituents, were synthesized and tested in the oligomerization of ethylene. The molecular structure of [PhNi(2‐cHex2PC6H4O)(PMe3)] in the crystal is reported.
Über Reaktionen von Hexachlorodiberyllat mit Trimethylsilyl‐N‐dimethylamid. Die Kristallstrukturen von (Ph4P)3[Be2Cl5(OSiMe3)][BeCl3(Me2NSiMe3)], (Ph4P)[BeCl3(HNMe2)] und (Ph4P)(H2NMe2)[BeCl4]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Reaktionen von Bis‐tetraphenylphosphonium‐hexachlorodiberyllat, (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6], mit Trimethylsilyl‐N‐dimethylamid führen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen zu den neuen Chloroberyllatderivativen (Ph4P)3[Be2Cl5(OSiMe3)][BeCl3(Me2NSiMe3)] (1), (Ph4P)[BeCl3(HNMe2)] (2) und (Ph4P)(H2NMe2)[BeCl4] (3). 1‐3 werden IR‐spektroskopisch und durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert.1·4CH2Cl2: Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1115, 6(1); b = 2110, 7(2); c = 2145, 0(3) pm; α = 71, 38(1)°; β = 85, 66(1)°; γ = 85, 24(1)°, R1 = 0, 0732. Das [Be2Cl5(OSiMe3)]2—‐Ion in der Struktur von 1 leitet sich vom [Be2Cl6]2—‐Ion durch Ersatz eines μ‐Cl‐Atoms durch das O‐Atom der (OSiMe3)—‐Gruppe ab. Das zweite Anion, [BeCl3(Me2NSiMe3)]—, läßt sich als Donor‐Akzeptorkomplex beschreiben mit einer kurzen Be—N‐Bindung von 179(1) pm.2: Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1063, 1(1); b = 1072, 0(1); c = 1238, 3(1) pm; α = 87, 55(1)°; β = 74, 86(1)°; γ = 69, 73(1)°; R1 = 0, 0299. Das Anion von 2 bildet ein zentrosymmetrisches Dimeres [BeCl3(HNMe2)]22— über N—H···Cl‐Brücken der beiden Donor‐Akzeptorkomplexeinheiten mit Be—N‐Abständen von 175, 2(2) pm.3: Raumgruppe Pbca, Z = 8, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 926, 9(1); b = 2164, 7(1); c = 2732, 7(1) pm; R1 = 0, 0495. In der Struktur von 3 liegen zentrosymmetrische Ionenquadrupel [(Me2NH2)(BeCl4)]22— vor, die durch N—H···Cl‐Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den (Me2NH2)+‐ und den [BeCl4]2—‐Ionen zustandekommen.
Formation and Structure of Iodotrinitrosyliron, [Fe(NO)3I]
Authors: Beck Wolfgang , Enzmann Armin , Mayer Peter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIodotrinitrosyliron is formed by passing a stream of nitrogen monoxide over solid diiodotetracarbonyliron or in dichloromethane solution by reaction of nitrogen monoxide with the iodo bridged diiodotetranitrosyldiiron. Solid [Fe(NO)3I] readily loses nitrogen monoxide to give [(ON)2Fe(μ‐I)2Fe(NO)2](Fe‐Fe). The structure of freshly prepared [Fe(NO)3I] was determined by X‐ray diffraction at 200 K and shows tetrahedral coordination with N‐Fe‐N and N‐Fe‐I angles of 110.3(2)° and 108.6(2)° and bent Fe‐N‐O groups (166.5(6)°). The monomeric [Fe(NO)3I] and the dimer [Fe(NO)2I]2 can be clearly distinguished by the frequencies and the ratio of the intensities of the two NO absorptions and from the latter the tetrahedral ON‐Fe‐NO angle can be derived. A short overview on nitrosyl iron halides is given.
Concepts, Rationale, and Current Outcomes of Less Invasive Surgical Strategies for Early Gastric Cancer: Data from a quarter‐century of experience in a single institution
Authors: Shimoyama Shouji , Seto Yasuyuki , Yasuda Hidemitsu , Mafune Ken‐ichi , Kaminishi Michio 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPreviously proposed criteria of less invasive surgery for early gastric cancer (EGC) were based mainly on the pathological analyses of the resected specimens; however, preoperative and intraoperative information are also obviously essential for decision making on stage‐dependent patient management. Furthermore, most indications and treatment options have not been systematically integrated or evaluated by treatment outcomes. We investigate in this report the rationality of less invasive surgery employed for EGC. Distribution analyses of positive nodes were investigated among 684 patients with primary solitary EGC (379 mucosal and 305 submucosal) who underwent curative resection between 1976 and 2000. Clinicopathological factors highlighted and analyzed included clinical (preoperative and intraoperative) and pathological (postoperative) cancer depth and nodal involvement, gross form, histological type, and maximum cancer diameter, as well as postoperative morbidity and mortality. The scope of lymphadenectomy can be reduced to a modified D1 for clinically mucosal, node‐negative, nonpalpable gastric cancer, or for clinically submucosal, node‐negative gastric cancer ≤ 1.5 cm for intestinal type, or ≤ 1.0 cm for diffuse type. Otherwise, a modified D2 lymphadenectomy is sufficient. Local resection can be recommended for clinically mucosal, node‐negative gastric cancer without apparent ulceration ≤ 4 cm if adjacent lymph nodes are proved cancer negative by a frozen section examination. If the gastric cancer has spread beyond the above criteria, a pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy (PPG) can be recommended for tumors located in the middle or lower third of the stomach, provided the distal margin of the cancer is at least 4.5 cm from the pyloric ring. The PPG can be accompanied by a modified D1 or a modified D2 lymphadenectomy according to the respective dissection criteria. Results of these less invasive strategies showed reduced morbidity and mortality, as well as no recurrence or cancer‐related deaths. These results suggest that each of our criteria for less invasive surgery for EGC is realistic, well stratified, and satisfactory.
Mitoxantrone induces cell death in peripheral blood leucocytes of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Chan A , Weilbach F X , Toyka K V , Gold R 
Published: December 2004

SummaryMitoxantrone (MX) is a cytotoxic drug with proven clinical efficacy in active multiple sclerosis (MS). In this ex vivo study we investigated the immunological effects of MX on peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) from MS patients. PBL were isolated from 46 patients with active MS (mean age 42 years, female : male 1·4 : 1) before and immediately after 1 h MX infusion. Isolated PBL were cultured and stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), T cell receptor stimulating monoclonal antibody (MoAb) X35 or kept in culture medium alone. Proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. MX-uptake and cell death in PBL subpopulations was analysed by flow cytometry using antibodies against cluster of differentiation (CD)-surface antigens, annexin V (AnnV) and propidium iodide (PI). MX was incorporated rapidly into PBL. After only a 1-h in vivo exposure, MX reduced proliferative responses in unstimulated and stimulated PBL (PHA: − 17%, MoAb X35: − 13%). MX-exposed PBL showed an increase of AnnV+/PI+ cells (unstimulated: 12%, PHA: 15%), which was even more pronounced 2 weeks after infusion. No difference was observed between de novo MX-treated patients and those on long-term MX treatment. In T cell receptor stimulated PBL, cell death was induced preferentially in CD19-positive B cells and to a lesser extent in CD8-positive T cells. MX is incorporated rapidly in circulating PBL of MS patients and induces a pronounced suppression of proliferative responses. This suppression appears to be mediated at least partly by the induction of late apoptotic/necrotic cell death with a preferential susceptibility of B cells.
Vaccination of neonatal calves withMycobacterium bovisBCG induces protection against intranasal challenge with virulentM. bovis
Authors: Hope J C , Thom M L , Villarreal-Ramos B , Vordermeier H M , Hewinson R G , Howard C J 
Published: December 2004

SummaryVaccination of neonates with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) may be a strategy that overcomes reduced vaccine efficacy associated with exposure to environmental mycobacteria in humans and cattle. Preliminary comparisons indicated that 2-week-old calves produced an immune response to vaccination at least as intense as that observed in adults. Subsequently, five gnotobiotic hysterotomy derived calves aged 1 day were inoculated with BCG and 3 months later were challenged intranasally with virulent M. bovis. The number of tissues with lesions and the pathological extent of these lesions was reduced significantly in vaccinates. Furthermore, lesions were evident in the lung or associated chest lymph nodes of four of five controls but none of five vaccinates. BCG vaccination reduced significantly the level of bacterial colonization. However, lesions in the head associated lymph nodes were observed in three of five BCG-vaccinated cattle. Levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) in individual vaccinated animals at challenge did not correlate with subsequent resistance and in general immune responses post-challenge were lower in vaccinated calves. Low IL-10 responses were evident but IL-4 was not detected. Responses to ESAT-6 and/or CFP-10 were evident in four of four control calves that had lesions. Two of the BCG vaccinates with lesions did not produce a response to ESAT-6 and CFP-10, indicating that these antigens did not distinguish vaccinated immune animals from vaccinated animals with lesions. Overall, vaccination of neonatal calves with BCG induced significant protection against disease and has potential as a strategy for the reduction of the incidence of bovine tuberculosis.
Effects of straw and silicon soil amendments on some foliar and stem‐base diseases in pot‐grown winter wheat
Authors: Rodgers‐Gray B. S. , Shaw M. W. 
Published: December 2004

Four foliar and two stem‐base pathogens were inoculated onto wheat plants grown in different substrates in pot experiments. Soils from four different UK locations were each treated in three ways: (i) straw incorporated in the field at 10 t ha−1 several months previously; (ii) silicon fertilization at 100 mg L−1 during the experiment; and (iii) no amendments. A sand and vermiculite mix was used with and without silicon amendment. The silicon treatment increased plant silica concentrations in all experiments, but incorporating straw was not associated with raised plant silica concentrations. Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondita were inoculated by shaking infected plants over the test plants, followed by suitable humid periods. The silicon treatment reduced powdery mildew (B. graminis) substantially in sand and vermiculite and in two of the soils, but there were no effects on the slight infection by brown rust (P. recondita). Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola were inoculated as conidial suspensions. Leaf spot caused by P. nodorum was reduced in silicon‐amended sand and vermiculite; soil was not tested. Symptoms of septoria leaf blotch caused by M. graminicola were reduced by silicon amendment in a severely infected sand and vermiculite experiment but not in soil or a slightly infected sand and vermiculite experiment. Oculimacula yallundae (eyespot) and Fusarium culmorum (brown foot rot) were inoculated as agar plugs on the stem base. Severity of O. yallundae was reduced by silicon amendment of two of the soils but not sand and vermiculite; brown foot rot symptoms caused by F. culmorum were unaffected by silicon amendment. The straw treatment reduced severity of powdery mildew but did not detectably affect the other pathogens. Both straw and silicon treatments appeared to increase plant resistance to all diseases only under high disease pressure.
An examination of land use controls in the Lake Biwa watershed from the perspective of environmental conservation and management
Authors: Yamamoto Kayoko , Nakamura Masahisa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn the outskirts of metropolitan areas of Japan, there is an increasing tendency for residential and commercial facilities to be located in close proximity to transportation networks, particularly around railway stations. The resulting sprawl, involving residential development and industrial estates, perpetuates land use distortions in the semi‐urban areas, as well as in agricultural and forestry lands. Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan, provides water to a population of 14 million people in Shiga, Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectures. The Lake Biwa watershed has undergone dramatic land use transformations resulting from the migration of the downstream population and industries attracted by the provision of necessary, basic infrastructure via the Lake Biwa Comprehensive Development Plan (1972–1997). The purposes of this study are to provide a quantitative analysis of land use transformations within the Lake Biwa watershed, with particular reference to urbanization, examine watershed land use controls by analysis of deviation of actual land uses from the land use control targets, assess the flaws in the present land use controls and to discuss the implications of the results within the context of the Lake Biwa Comprehensive Conservation Plan (1999–), using a geographic information system to illustrate the results. The major findings of this study are that the continued existence of farmland and forests, in conjunction with urban sprawl, in the Urbanization Promotion Areas and the Use Districts, has resulted in serious land use problems which are seriously aggravated in the south‐eastern and north‐eastern parts of the watershed, and the expansion of urban areas in the Urbanization Control Areas and the White Areas has resulted in land use control becoming more problematic, especially in the eastern part of the watershed.
Endoscopic transanal resection of rectal tumours using a urological resectoscope – still has a role in selected patients
Authors: Beattie G. C. , Paul I. , Calvert C. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIntroduction  Transanal resection of rectal villous adenomas or adenocarcinomas can be carried out using various modalities such as operative excision, fulguration, laser coagulation or cryotherapy. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is currently not widely available. Transanal resection can provide effective palliation for locally advanced rectal tumours in patients unfit for abdomino‐perineal excision of rectum. A urological resectoscope can be safely and repeatedly used to resect advanced primary or locally recurrent rectal rumours by colorectal surgeons with urological expertise. This study reports our experience of treating rectal lesions with endoscopic transanal resection (ETAR) using the urological resectoscope.Methods  Patients were identified from one surgeons' prospectively collected operating data. Charts were retrieved and reviewed.Results  Over a 13‐year period a total of 43 ETAR procedures were carried out in 20 patients (11 males; mean age 74 years; range 54–92 years) using the urological resectoscope. Twelve (60%) patients had a single resection; 8 (40%) patients required more than one resection; the mean number of procedures per patient was 2.2 (range1–8). The median interval between resections for recurrent disease (excluding planned repeat resections) was 340 days (range 168–2337 days). Histopathology revealed rectal adenoma (with varying degrees of dysplasia) in 11 (55%) patients and adenocarcinoma in 9 (45%). The majority (30; 70%) of resections were carried out in patients with benign disease, with 13 (30%) in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Mean operating time per resection was 25 min. Thirteen (30%) resections were carried out under spinal anaesthetic. There was no procedure related mortality. There were no cases of haemorrhage, rectal perforation, ‘TUR syndrome’ or pelvic sepsis. No patients with benign disease subsequently developed an invasive carcinoma.Conclusions  Accepting that this technique provides limited histopathological information regarding extent of resection and tumour clearance, our experience demonstrates that ETAR of rectal tumours using the urological resectoscope can provide a minimally invasive, effective and safe means of treating and palliating patients with benign and malignant rectal disease. There remains a place for this technique in selected patients.
Crohn's‐like changes in the colon due to mycophenolate?
Authors: Dalle I. J. , Maes B. D. , Geboes K. P. , Lemahieu W. , Geboes K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective  Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is used for prevention of allograft rejection in kidney transplant patients. A subset of patients suffers from chronic diarrhoea of unknown origin. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of MMF on the colonic mucosa.Materials and methods  Colonic mucosal biopsies from 24 kidney transplant patients receiving MMF and presenting with chronic diarrhoea were analysed using routine stainings and immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and E‐cadherin. Results were compared with a control group of 19 kidney transplant patients not receiving MMF. In all patients routine clinical and laboratory investigations were performed in order to explain the diarrhoea.Results  In 11 patients, the diarrhoea seemed to be of infectious origin. Furthermore, 19/24 of MMF‐patients showed characteristic histological alterations of the mucosa that were Crohn's disease‐like: discontinuous crypt architectural distortion, increased epithelial mucin secretion, mildly active inflammation and focal presence of dilated and inflamed crypts. Ki67 staining was abnormal in 6/24 MMF patients but also in 4/19 control patients. E‐Cadherin staining was normal in most MMF and control patients.Conclusions  Diarrhoea following MMF treatment is frequently infectious in origin and associated with morphological changes with a Crohn's‐like pattern in the colonic mucosa in a subset of patients. MMF does not induce major alteration in the proliferative compartment of colonic epithelium. The diarrhoea is not associated with altered E‐cadherin expression in the colonic epithelium.
Long‐term follow‐up of retrograde colonic irrigation for defaecation disturbances
Authors: Gosselink M. P. , Darby M. , Zimmerman D. D. E. , Smits A. A. A. , Van Kessel I. , Hop W. C. , Briel J. W. , Schouten W. R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective  Irrigation of the distal part of the large bowel is a nonsurgical alternative for patients with defaecation disturbances. In our institution, all patients with defaecation disturbances, not responding to medical treatment and biofeedback therapy, were offered retrograde colonic irrigation (RCI). This study is aimed at evaluating the long‐term feasibility and outcome of RCI.Methods  Between 1989 and 2001, a consecutive series of 267 patients was offered RCI. All patients received instructions about RCI by one of our enterostomal therapists. Twenty‐eight patients were lost to follow‐up. A detailed questionnaire was sent by mail to 239 patients. The total response rate was 79% (190 patients). Based on the returned questionnaires it became clear that 21 (11%) patients never started RCI. The long‐term feasibility and outcome of RCI was therefore assessed in the remaining group of 169 patients. Thirty‐two patients were admitted with soiling, 71 patients with faecal incontinence, 37 patients with obstructed defaecation and 29 had defaecation disturbances after low anterior resection or pouch surgery.Results  According to the returned questionnaires, RCI was considered effective by 91 (54%) patients. Among patients with soling and faecal incontinence, RCI was found to be effective in, respectively, 47 and 41% of the subjects. Despite of the reported effectiveness, 10 (67%) patients with soiling and 5 (17%) patients with faecal incontinence decided to stop. Among patients with obstructed defaecation and those with defaecation disturbances after low anterior resection or pouch surgery the effectiveness of RCI was found to be 65 and 79%, respectively. None of these patients ceased their therapy. The overall success‐rate of long‐term RCI was therefore 45%.Conclusions  Long‐term RCI is beneficial for 45% of patients with defaecation disturbances. In the group of patients who considered RCI effective and beneficial, discontinuation of therapy was only observed among those with soiling and faecal incontinence.