bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Terbinafine on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tarral Antoine , Francheteau Patrice , Guerret Madeleine 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To assess the potential effects of terbinafine, a new synthetic allylamine antifungal agent, on the pharmacokinetics of a single 0.75‐mg oral dose of digoxin.Design. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study consisting of two treatment periods.Subjects. Sixteen healthy men and women volunteers.Interventions. During treatment A, placebo was administered once/day for 12 days; during treatment B, terbinafine 250 mg was administered orally once/day for 12 days. The washout period between treatments was at least 2 weeks. A single 0.75‐mg oral dose of digoxin was administered on day 8 of each period. Blood samples were collected after administration of digoxin to determine pharmacokinetics.Measurements and Main Results. Compared with placebo, terbinafine did not alter the time course of the digoxin serum levels. Although the time to maximum peak concentration with terbinafine was slightly reduced, the maximum concentration and area under the serum drug concentration‐time curve from time zero to 120 hours were not significantly different with terbinafine than with placebo. No drug‐related side effects were reported with either active treatment, and no clinically significant changes in vital signs, physical examination results, electrocardiograms, or clinical laboratory results were observed.Conclusions. No special dosage adjustments for digoxin appear to be necessary during concomitant therapy with terbinafine.
Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Evaluation of Atropine to Prevent Vasovagal Reaction During Removal of Femoral Arterial Sheaths
Authors: Rama Bhola N. , Mohiuddin Syed M. , Mooss Aryan N. , Khemani Anil K. , Ryschon Kay L. , Lucas B. Daniel , Hilleman Daniel E. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of atropine in preventing vasovagal reactions (VVRs) during removal of femoral arterial sheaths after diagnostic left heart catheterization.Design. Prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study.Setting. University‐affiliated, 450‐bed teaching hospital.Patients. One hundred sixty‐five patients undergoing left heart catheterization.Interventions. Eighty‐eight patients were assigned to receive atropine 0.5 mg intravenously and 77 received placebo 5 minutes before sheath removal.Measurements and Main Results. The frequency of VVRs was significantly reduced in the atropine group compared with the placebo group, 2.3% and 10.4%, respectively (overall relative risk in the atropine group 0.22, 95% CI 0.12‐0.41, p=0.03). Significant decreases in systolic (35.2 ± 5.8 mm Hg, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressures (12.6 ± 12.6 mm Hg, p=0.002) occurred in the 10 patients with VVRs compared with those without VVR. No cardiac arrhythmias occurred after atropine administration. Dry mouth was the only side effect reported with atropine (8/88, 9%).Conclusion. Atropine significantly reduced the frequency of VVRs associated with removal of femoral arterial sheaths after diagnostic left heart catheterization. The drug should be studied in a larger series of patients to assess its ability to decrease the morbidity and costs associated with VVR. (Pharmacotherapy 1997;17(5):867–873)
Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycin after Single‐ and Multiple‐Doses in Children
Authors: Stevens Robert C. , Reed Michael D. , Shenep Jerry L. , Baker Donald K. , Foulds George , Luke David R. , Blumer Jeffrey L. , Rodman John H. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To characterize the disposition and tolerance of azithromycin after single and multiple oral doses of 12 mg/kg in children with and without cancer.Design. Open‐label, nonrandomized pharmacokinetic study.Setting. Two pediatric hospitals.Patients. Twelve children with cancer admitted to the inpatient unit for empiric antibiotic treatment of febrile neutropenia, and 16 hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic therapy.Interventions. Patients received azithromycin suspension either as a single dose or daily dose every morning for 5 consecutive days. Serial blood samples were collected up to 120 hours after a single dose or during and after multiple doses to characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters estimated for a two‐compartment absorption model.Measurements and Main Results. All 28 patients were evaluable for safety. Azithromycin was well tolerated except in one patient with cancer who experienced abdominal cramps and withdrew from the study. Pharmacokinetic results were not determined in five patients because of insufficient concentration‐time data. The mean ± SD estimates of oral clearance, terminal half‐life, maximum concentration in serum (Cmax), and time to achieve Cmax in the 23 evaluable patients were 4.83 ± 3.59 L/hour/kg, 54.5 ± 36.4 hours, 318.2 ± 174.5 μg/L, and 2.4 ± 1.1 hours, respectively. These estimates did not differ between single‐dose (14 patients) and multiple‐dose (9 patients) groups. Pharmacokinetic parameters were not different between the 11 children with cancer and the 12 without cancer.Conclusion. Azithromycin 12 mg/kg results in proportionately higher serum concentrations than previously published results for lower doses (5 mg/kg). Variability in concentration profiles among patients is substantial, and age or other yet unidentified clinical factors may explain some of the differences observed. (Pharmacotherapy 1997;17(5):874–880)In conclusion, Cmax, Clo, and terminal half‐life in these pediatric patients were consistent after single and multiple doses of azithromycin. Moreover, pharmacokinetic parameters were not different between patients with cancer and those with no major concurrent illness. Variability in concentration profiles among patients is substantial, and age or other yet unidentified clinical factors may explain a portion of the differences. The higher dose of azithromycin (12 mg/kg) in this study was well tolerated, and did result in proportionately higher serum concentrations than those reported for lower doses.
Evaluation of a Noninstrumented Disposable Method for Quantifying Serum Theophylline Concentrations
Authors: Asmus Michael J. , Milavetz Gary , Teresi Mary E. , Weinberger Miles M. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare the performance of a new point‐of‐care theophylline assay (AccuMeter) with that of a standard laboratory assay (TDx), and another point‐of‐care method (AccuLevel).Design. Prospective evaluation of consecutive patients receiving theophylline.Setting. University‐based, ambulatory, allergy‐pulmonary clinic.Patients. Forty subjects receiving maintenance theophylline therapy for asthma.Interventions. Theophylline concentrations obtained from AccuMeter, TDx and AccuLevel were compared.Measurements and Main Results. The error, or difference, between TDx and AccuMeter results in 40 subjects on maintenance theophylline described accuracy. Mean error, an estimate of bias, was 1.1 (95% CI 0.72–1.5), 0.67 (0.34–1.0), and 0.98 (0.79–1.2) μg/ml for AccuMeter capillary, serum, and heparinized blood samples. Square root of the mean squared error, an estimate of precision, was 1.6 (1.2–2.0), 1.22 (0.90–1.5), and 1.14 (0.96–1.3) μg/ml for AccuMeter capillary, serum, and heparinized samples. Difference between AccuMeter and AccuLevel ME, an estimate of relative bias, was 0.59 (0.04–1.1) μg/ml. The difference in mean squared errors, an estimate of relative precision, was 0.86 (‐0.54–2.3) μg/ml.Conclusions. AccuMeter demonstrated good precision and minimal bias compared with TDx and AccuLevel. Method of sample collection had no effect on its accuracy.
Effect of Hepatic Disease on the Pharmacokinetics and Plasma Protein Binding of Eprosartan
Authors: Tenero David , Martin David , Chapelsky Martha , Ilson Bernard , Boike Steven , Patterson Scott , Keogh John , Rodriguez Sheila , Jorkasky Diane 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of eprosartan in hepatic disease.Design. Single‐dose, parallel‐group study.Setting. Oklahoma Foundation for Digestive Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.Patients. Eight healthy subjects with normal hepatic function and eight patients with hepatic disease.Intervention. All subjects received a single oral dose of eprosartan 100 mg.Measurements and Main Results. Eprosartan plasma concentrations were quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography; plasma protein binding was determined by ultrafiltration. Using analysis of variance, point estimates (PE) and 90% CIs were calculated. Total and unbound maximum concentrations and degree of plasma protein binding were similar for both groups. Total area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐t) was approximately 40% higher for the group with hepatic disease (PE 1.42, 90% CI 0.94–2.14). Similarly, unbound AUC0‐t was approximately 50% higher (PE 1.53, 90% CI 0.98–2.39).Conclusion. Eprosartan was safe and well tolerated by both groups. Based on the increase in AUC in patients with hepatic disease compared with those with normal hepatic function, the dosage of eprosartan in patients with hepatic disease should be individualized based on tolerability and response.
The impact of free antiretroviral therapy for pregnant non‐citizens and their infants in Botswana
Authors: Fennell Christina , Escudero Daniel , Zash Rebecca , Diseko Modiegi , Mayondi Gloria , Mabuta Judith , Sekoto Tumalano , Gaolathe Tendani , Mmalane Mompati , Lockman Shahin , Makhema Joseph , Shapiro Roger 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn December 2019, the Botswana government expanded free antiretroviral therapy (ART) to include non‐citizens. We evaluated the impact of this policy change on antenatal care (ANC), antiretroviral therapy coverage and adverse birth outcomes.MethodsThe Tsepamo Surveillance study collects data at up to 18 delivery sites in Botswana. We compared outcomes in citizens and non‐citizens living with HIV before and after antiretroviral therapy expansion to non‐citizens. Adverse birth outcomes included preterm delivery (PTD) <37 weeks, very preterm delivery (VPTD) <32 weeks, small for gestational age (SGA) <10th percentile, very small for gestational age (VSGA) <3rd percentile, stillbirth and neonatal death. Log‐binomial regression models were constructed to generate risk ratios.ResultsFrom August 2014 to September 2021, 45,576 (96.5%) citizens and 1513 (3.2%) non‐citizens living with HIV delivered; 954 (62.9%) non‐citizen deliveries were before the antiretroviral therapy expansion, and 562 (37.1%) were after. Non‐citizen ANC attendance among pregnant people living with HIV increased from 79.2% pre‐expansion to 87.2% post‐expansion (p<0.001), and became more similar to citizens (96.0% post‐expansion). Non‐citizens receiving any antenatal antiretroviral therapy increased from 65.5% pre‐expansion to 89.9% post‐expansion (p < 0.001), also more similar to citizens (97.2% post‐expansion). Infants born to non‐citizens with singleton gestations in the pre‐expansion period had significantly greater risk of PTD (aRR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.11, 1.46), VPTD (aRR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.43, 2.44) and neonatal death (aRR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.03, 2.60), but reduced SGA risk (aRR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62, 0.89) compared with citizens. Post‐expansion, greater declines in most adverse outcomes were observed in non‐citizens, with largely similar outcomes between non‐citizens and citizens. Non‐significant differences were observed for non‐citizenship in PTD (aRR = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.66, 1.06), VPTD (aRR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.28, 1.01), SGA (aRR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.72, 1.13), VSGA (aRR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.58, 1.25), stillbirth (aRR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.35, 1.27) and neonatal death (aRR = 1.35, 95% CI, 0.60, 2.62).ConclusionsFollowing the expansion of free antiretroviral therapy to non‐citizens, gaps narrowed in ANC and antiretroviral therapy use in pregnancy between citizens and non‐citizens living with HIV. Disparities in adverse birth outcomes were no longer observed.
Mechanically stable rifampin antibiotic cement inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm surface growth
Authors: Laperche Jacob , Barrett Caitlin C. , Boduch Abigail , Glasser Jillian , Clippert Drew , Garcia Dioscaris R. , Antoci Valentin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRifampin has been proven to be effective in the treatment of prosthetic infections due to its ability to intercalate into biofilms. The use of rifampin in antibiotic spacers is not well described, which would be especially important in the local periprosthetic environment where parenteral doses have poor penetration. The null hypothesis tests if rifampin use in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement will show no clinically significant impact on mechanical strength at antibiotic concentrations that remain bactericidal. Test antibiotic cement samples supplemented with 0, 30, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg of rifampin into a standard 40 g bag were tested for compression to failure using published ASTM standards. The samples were then inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and either evaluated for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) presence as a marker of biofilm or tested by elution as the Kirby Bauer assay. Rifampin concentrations of 30 and 50 mg, showed no statistically different mechanical characteristics from control PMMA (p > 0.05). The 100‐mg sample fell within the acceptable range of compressive strength and had significantly less LPS and bacterial presence compared to the control at 12 and 24 h. The ability of PMMA with 100 mg of rifampin to maintain its structural integrity and have significant bacterial inhibition at 12 and 24 h makes it a great candidate as an antibiotic bone cement additive. PMMA loaded with up to 100 mg of rifampin shows promise in the treatment and prevention of periprosthetic joint infection for total knee and total hip arthroplasty.
Differences in rice component distribution across layers and their relationship with taste
Authors: Ma Zhao‐hui , Gao Ming‐hui , Cheng Hai‐tao , Song Wen‐wen , Lu Lian‐ji , Lyu Wen‐yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice taste is closely associated with endosperm composition, which varies among different rice layers. Although clarifying the relationship between this difference and nutritional taste can guide rice breeding and cultivation practices, research on this topic is limited.RESULTSHere, typical rice varieties having excellent and poor taste characteristics were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics and differences of their components. The varieties with excellent taste exhibited lower apparent amylose content (AAC) and protein content (PC), lesser short‐chain (Fa) and long‐chain (Fb3) amylopectin (AP) and more medium‐chain (Fb1+2) AP, higher long‐to‐short chain ratio (Fa:Fb3), and higher nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) content in layer 1 (L1) than the varieties with poor taste. Layer 2 (L2) played a key role in AAC and PC regulation in the varieties with excellent taste by reducing AAC and appropriately increasing PC, consequently improving rice taste. AP structure in layer 3 (L3) substantially affected the taste of the two types of varieties. The mineral content was the highest in L1, and increased potassium (K), Ca, and Mg content improved taste in all varieties.CONCLUSIONAAC in each layer contributes to rice taste. PC and minerals primarily act on L1 and L2, whereas AP acts on L2 and L3. Therefore, the endosperm formation process should be exploited for improving rice taste. Furthermore, key resources and cultivation should be identified and regulated, respectively, to improve rice taste. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic Interplay Between Kerr Combs and Brillouin Lasing in Fiber Cavities
Authors: Lucas Erwan , Deroh Moise , Kibler Bertrand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHighly coherent frequency combs are of crucial importance for optical synthesis and metrology, spectroscopy, laser ranging, and optical communications. Kerr combs, generated via cascaded nonlinear frequency conversion in a passive optical cavity, typically offer high repetition rates, which is essential for some of these applications. Recently, new ways of generating Kerr combs combining Kerr and Brillouin effects have emerged with the aim of improving some performances, especially in the fiber cavity platform. Direct coherent pumping is replaced by lasing on specific cavity modes, offering easily adjustable repetition rates, and enhanced coherence by Brillouin purification. In this study, such a scheme is implemented and investigated in a non‐reciprocal cavity. Highly coherent combs are demonstrated by finely controlling bi‐chromatic Brillouin lasing and the Kerr comb parameters. A suitable numerical model is introduced to account for the interplay between Brillouin scattering, Kerr effect, and cavity resonant feedback. Quantitative agreements with experiments reveal the importance of the pump lasers detuning in setting the comb's properties, through the mode pulling effect. This phenomenon, along with multi‐mode lasing that impedes the coherence, is not studied in previous fiber‐based demonstrations. These limitations are discussed, and several scaling laws are devised.
Multinary Cu─In─Zn─S‐based Quantum‐Dot Electroluminescence and Implications on Device Designs
Authors: Zheng Xiankun , Wang Lijin , Bai Jialin , Zhang Han , Zhang Hanzhuang , Tang Aiwei , Ji Wenyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCurrently, the performance of quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on environmental‐friendly Cu─In─Zn─S quantum dots (QDs) still lags far behind that of Cd‐QDs‐based devices. Here it is demonstrated that the unique trap‐related recombination in Cu─In─Zn─S QDs is mainly responsible for the low device efficiency. The luminous efficiency of Cu─In─Zn─S‐based QLEDs is rather sensitive to the temperature and hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) due to the susceptible thermal‐related trappingdetrapping processes of holes in radiative Cu‐related traps. The holes in Cu‐related traps can be quenched by escaping to the valence band of the QDs or/and transferring to the adjacent HTLs. An HTL with low highest occupied molecular orbitals is desired to enhance the hole injection and hinder the aforementioned hole transfer. As a result, a high device efficiency of 6.0 cd A−1 is achieved at room temperature, which is attributed to suppressed HTL‐induced emission quenching and efficient valence‐band‐dominated hole injection from HTL to the QDs. The device efficiency is further increased to 13.2 cd A−1 at 150K by suppressing thermal‐induced quenching.
Polymeric conjugates of drugs and antibodies for site‐specific drug delivery
Authors: Ulbrich Karel , Strohalm Jiří , Šubr Vladimír , Plocová Dana , Duncan Ruth , Říhová Blanka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of targetable conjugates of doxorubicin bound to N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers was investigated. Anti‐CD3 antibody against TCR/CD3 complex was used to target the conjugates to T‐cells. The effect of structure of the oligopeptide spacer between the drug and polymer as well as of the polymer modification with the antibody on the rate of drug release from the polymeric carrier system incubatedin vitrowith cathepsin B or with a mixture of intracellular enzymes (tritosomes) is discussed. The results ofin vitrodrug‐release experiments are correlated with the evaluation of T‐cell cytotoxicity of targeted and nontargeted polymer‐bound doxorubicin conjugates measuredin vitroas the inhibition of Con‐A stimulated growth of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (3H‐thymidine incorporation method).
A Propolis‐Derived Small Molecule Tectochrysin Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes in Mice by Activating Insulin Receptor β
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Wu Jiangwei , Shi Xiaochen , Li Defu , Yang Shizhen , Zhang Ruixin , Xia Bo , Yang Gongshe 
Published: October 2023

ScopePropolis has been found to decrease glucose levels and increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. However, the active ingredient responsible for these effects and its regulating mechanism are not fully understood.Methods and resultsTo address this, molecular docking screening is used to screen the effective hypoglycemic ingredient in propolis and found that tectochrysin (TEC) has a high affinity to the insulin receptor (IR), highlighting its potential for glycemic control. In vivo tests show that TEC decreases glucose levels and enhances insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. By hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test, this study further finds that TEC promotes glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, as well as inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis. Moreover, it finds that TEC promotes glucose uptake and adipocytes differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells like insulin, suggesting that TEC exerts an insulin mimetic effect. Mechanistically, pharmacology inhibition of IRβ abolishes the effects of TEC on glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of IR. The study further demonstrates that TEC binds to and activates IRβ by targeting its E1077 and M1079.ConclusionTherefore, this study sheds light on the mechanism underlying propolis’ potential for ameliorating type 2 diabetes, offering a natural food‐derived compound as a promising therapeutic option.
Nanonet membranes with nano‐mastoid structure for high‐performance oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Chen Yu , Tang Jianwei , Zhu Weiyan , Wu Xunhuang , Pan Tiandi , Tang Ning , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pollution caused by oily wastewater has a severe influence on the human health and ecological environment. However, the present membranes suffer from a bottleneck that it is difficult to synchronously improve the filtration efficiency and permeation flux. It is still of great importance to develop efficient oil‐in‐water separation membranes. Herein, we have prepared a nanonet membrane (NM) with both nanonet structure and nano‐mastoid structure through a combination of phase inversion with electrospinning. Profiting from the structural advantages of network interconnectivity, sub‐micrometer pores, and high porosity, the NMs demonstrated outstanding capacity for separating nanoscale oil‐in‐water emulsions with a prospective separation efficiency (99.2%) and robust permeation flux (24,076 L m−2 h−1). Importantly, benefitting from their good surface wettability and low underwater oil adhesion, the NMs maintained a stable permeation flux (7738 L m−2 h−1) and stable high separation efficiency (99.1%) even after 10 separation cycles. The synthesis of such nanonet membranes may develop new paths for the development of next‐generation separation membranes with high performance.
The influence of individual evaluation of electron‐impact ionization, attachment, and photoionization rates on positive streamer propagation
Authors: Wei Zhenyu , Komuro Atsushi , Ono Ryo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates the individual effects of electron‐impact ionization, attachment, and photoionization on streamer propagation to provide a deeper understanding of the streamer propagation mechanism and useful knowledge to obtain the best set of input data for verification and validation studies. The results show that streamers with higher electron‐impact ionization rates have higher propagation velocities and lower electric fields, while those with higher attachment rates have slower propagation velocities and higher electric fields. Streamers with higher photoionization rates have lower electric fields at the head, but the velocity remains largely unaffected. The effects of different rates of ionization, attachment, and photoionization have been analyzed using an analytical solution called the diameter‐speed relation.