bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quasi-Laminar Model for Wind-to-Wave Energy Transfer
Authors: Miles John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The quasi-laminar model for the transfer of energy from a prescribed shear flow to a surface wave [7] is reviewed. The incorporation of the wave-induced Reynolds stresses (which are neglected in the original model) through a viscoelastic closure [9] and the elimination of the critical-layer singularity through Nikolayeva and Tsimring’s [11] model for the incorporation of slow fluctuations (gustiness) of the wind are discussed briefly.
Wind-Induced Growth and Attenuation of Laboratory Waves
Authors: Donelan M A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A laboratory experiment is conducted to determine the direct growth of wind waves in a following wind and attenuation of waves in an opposing wind. Upwind travelling waves are generated by a submerged wave-maker and a wave-follower borne pressure probe is used to obtain the amplitudes and relative phase of surface pressure and surface elevation. It is shown that the resulting attenuation rates are substantial, although somewhat smaller than the corresponding growth rates of wind-generated waves.
Semicontinuity in Bv
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Fusco Nicola , Pallara Diego 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is entirely devoted to the lower semicontinuity of integral functionals in [BV(O)r, with Q c RN. This problem, presenting many nontrivial aspects even when the domain is restricted to Sobolev spaces, is more difficult in BV because of the possible interaction between the different parts of the derivative.
Memory From A to Z
Authors: Dudai Yadin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is an innovative, readable and engaging companion to the language of memory research. It consists of over 130t entries, bound within a coherent conceptual framework. Each entry starts with a definition, or a set of definitions, er followed by in-depth and provocative discussion of the origin, meaning, usage and applicability of ideas andand problems central to the neuroscience of memory ando scientific culture at large. The entries, linked by webs of associations, can be read and enjoyed, and provide aver versatile tool kit: a source for definitions, information and further reading; a trigger for contemplation, discussion and experimentation; and an aid to study, teaching and ween debate in classes and seminars. The text is supported by an extensive reference listing and there is a comprehensive subject index, incorporating a much wider range of terms relevant to the field. Memory from A to Z provides a unique, highly valuable introduction to the field of memory for students and the researchers approaching the subject for the first time, the while at the same time serving and stimulating the moreing experienced. g the morey, experienced. Yadin Dudai combines the ability to write withdai authority, with the skill of being able to do so in a unique readable style; the result is a book capable of informing,e; educating, and enthusing the reader.
The Mathematical Theory Of Plasticity
Authors: Hill R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
First published in 1950, this important book details the mathematical theory underlying the behaviour of plastic materials, especially metals. ‘the author has done his work so well that it is difficult to see how it could be bettered. The book should rank for many years as an authoritative source of reference.‘ Engineering ‘In the reviewer’s opinion this book should be in the possession of all those who wish to undertake study and research in the theory of plasticity’ Mathematical Gazette ‘the many examples in the book relating to the shaping of metals should be of considerable value ... The book is well-written ... and a pleasure to read.’ J.F. Nye in Research
Plane Plastic Strain And The Theory Of The Slip-Line Field
Authors: Hill R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last two chapters we have been considering problems to which exact solutions are known, and where full allowance can be made for the elastic component of strain in the plastic region. In many of the problems of greatest practical interest, however, we are compelled by mathematical difficulties to disregard the elastic component of strain. For consistency we must also disregard the purely elastic strain in the non plastic region. In effect, therefore, we work with a material that is rigid when stressed below the yield-point and in which Young’s modulus has an infinitely great value. This hypothetical solid may be referred to as a plastic-rigid material, in contrast to the plastic-elastic material of Reuss.
The Lattice Boltzmann Equation for Fluid Dynamics and Beyond
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, certain forms of the Boltzmann equation--now going by the name of "Lattice Boltzmann equation" (LBE)--have emerged which relinquish most mathematical complexities of the true Boltzmann equation without sacrificing physical fidelity in the description of complex fluid motion. This book provides the first detailed survey of LBE theory and its major applications to date. Accessible to a broad audience of scientists dealing with complex system dynamics, the book also portrays future developments in allied areas of science where fluid motion plays a distinguished role.
Lattice Boltzmann Models With Underlying Boolean Microdynamics
Authors: Succi Sauro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The earliest Lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) was generated in response to one of the main drawbacks of LGCA; that is, statistical noise. Shortly after, it became apparent that all other anomalies plaguing LGCA could also be naturally disposed of by the LBE approach. As a result, LBE rapidly evolved into a selfstanding research subject bearing an increasingly fainter relation to its LGCA ancestor. Better said, LBE development was steered in the direction of retaining the best of LGCA while giving away needless constraints and ensuing anomalies. The effort met with significant success, this is a fact. Still, this success did not come entirely for nothing, because one of the most heralded assets of LGCA, round-off freedom, had to be surrendered in the process. In this chapter we shall take a walk into the Jurassic’s of LBE, namely the earliest lattice Boltzmann model that grew up out of underlying LGCA.
Mechanistic basis for microsatellite instability
Authors: Eisen Jonathan A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The inherent instability of microsatellite loci makes them exceptionally useful for evolutionary and genetic studies. This instability is predominantly due to changes in the number of copies of the microsatellite repeat. Most copy number changes at microsatellites are caused by slip-strand mispairing errors during DNA replication. Some of these errors are corrected by exonucleolytic proofreading and mismatch repair, but many escape repair and become mutations. Thus microsatellite instability can be considered to be a balance between the generation of replication errors by slip-strand mispairing and the correction of some of these errors by exonucleolytic proofreading and mismatch repair. The factors that cause this process to occur much more frequently in microsatellites that in non-repeat containing DNA are discussed. However, not all microsatellites are equally unstable because not all are equally prone to this mutation process. The mechanisms by which a variety of factors cause this variation in stability among microsatellites are discussed.
Tracking linkage disequilibrium in admixed populations with MALO using microsatellite loci
Authors: Stephens J Claiborne , Smith Michael W , Shin Hyoung Doo , J. O'Brien Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Microsatellite analyses have already had a profound impact on the construction of a human genetic linkage map, on the mapping of numerous disease gene loci, and on our understanding of human migration, demography, and evolution. In this report we summarize our recent efforts to extend microsatellite analysis to the mapping of loci involved in complex diseases. In particular, we focus on mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium, dubbed MALD, which makes use both of the existing human microsatellite map and of human population genetic principles and data.
Y chromosome microsatellite haplotypes and the history of Samoyed-speaking populations in north-west Siberia
Authors: Karafet T , Osipova L P , Posukh O L , Wiebe V , Hammer M F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We employed a set of five microsatellites and five biallelic polymorphic sites mapping to the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome to (1) investigate the paternal relationships among linguistically related populations from western Siberia, and (2) assess the relative utility of these two marker systems for inferring the structure of recently diverged populations. The surveyed populations included three Samoyed-speaking groups (Selkups, Forest Nentsi, and Tundra Nentsi) from nine villages along the Pur, Taz, and Yenisey River basins, three non-Samoyed-speaking populations (Komi, Kets, and Evenks) inhabiting the same villages, and a sample of Altais from south-western Siberia (the hypothesized territory of ancient Samoyeds). We found that genetic and linguistic patterns were not entirely concordant. In particular, the Selkups were very different from the Tundra Nentsi and Forest Nentsi, and contained a considerable paternal component from southern populations. Separate analyses of the different marker systems allowed us to infer that a small set of microsatellites was more useful than the same number of biallelic sites for resolving relationships among closely related populations. By combining information from both marker systems we obtained higher resolution haplotype networks and more consistent clustering of Samoyed sub-populations.
Simulation Methods tor Model Criticism and Robustness Analysis
Authors: Geweke John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper exposits and develops Bayesian methods of model criticism and robustness analysis. The objectives are to clarify the Bayesian interpretation of non-Bayesian diagnostic tests, and provide explicitly Bayesian procedures accessible to practical investigators. Specific methods for prior density criticism and robustness analysis, and data density criticism, are presented. All are based on the approximation of appropriate Bayes factors, and avoid the need for posterior simulation under alternative model specifications. A general method of data density criticism is developed, that requires neither posterior simulation nor analytical approximations under any model specification. Some of the methods presented here have been implemented in user oriented software. The paper presents a few simple illustrations of the methods.
Issues in Service Quality Modelling
Authors: Moreno Armi , Ríos-Insúa David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By comparison with industrial quality control, research on service quality models is underdeveloped. The increasing importance of the service sector in advanced economies has stirred interest in quality service measurement, statistical models of service quality and their use on various decision processes. In this paper, we review several statistical issues on service quality, stemming from a consulting project.
Regression and Classification Using Gaussian Process Priors
Authors: Neal Radford M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gaussian processes are a natural way of specifying prior distributions over functions of one or more input variables. When such a function defines the mean response in a regression model with Gaussian errors, inference can be done using matrix computations, which are feasible for datasets of up to about a thousand cases. The covariance function of the Gaussian process can be given a hierarchical prior, which allows the model to discover high-level properties of the data, such as which inputs are relevant to predicting the response. Inference for these covariance hyperparameters can be done using Markov chain sampling. Classification models can be defined using Gaussian processes for underlying latent values, which can also be sampled within the Markov chain. Gaussian processes are in my view the simplest and most obvious way of defining flexible Bayesian regression and classification models, but despite some past usage, they appear to have been rather neglected as a general-purpose technique. This may be partly due to a confusion between the properties of the function being modeled and the properties of the best predictor for this unknown function.
Decision Models In Screening For Breast Cancer
Authors: Parmigiani Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mammographic screening is a radiological procedure for the detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic patients. Its puipose is to treat breast cancer at an early stage of development, in the hope of a more effective treatment. While mammographic screening is recommended in many countries, the modalities of screening are controversial. Issues include whether screening is beneficial for women under 50 years of age; the appropriate frequency of screening examinations; whether women who are at increased risk of bteast cancer would benefit from more frequent screening; whether it is cost/effective to provide insurance coverage for screening mammograms; and what would be the impact of improved mammographic technologies. In this paper we discuss an approach to addressing these questions based on comprehensive decision modeling and discuss some statistical challenges that arise.
Time-Varying Covariances: A Factor Stochastic Volatility Approach
Authors: Pitt Michael K , Shephard Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a factor model which allows a parsimonious representation of the time series evolution of covariances when the number of series being modelled becomes very large. The factors arise from a standard stochastic volatility model as does the idiosyncratic noise associated with each series. We use an efficient method for deriving the posterior distribution of the parameters of this model. In addition we propose an effective method of Bayesian model selection for this class of models. Finally, we consider diagnostic measures for specific models.
Old and Recent Results on the Relationship Between Predictive Inference and Statistical Modelling either in Nonparametric or Parametric Form
Authors: Regazzini Eugenio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present paper includes a systematic survey of recent studies on the role of statistical models, when the assessment of conditional (predictive) distributions of observables, given objective events, is viewed as the primary object of statistical inference. The paper aims at providing some insight into the nature and status of the conventional assumption of mathematical models involving ‘‘unknown parameters”, within the predictivist setting stressed by de Finetti (1937).
The role of the amygdala in conditioned and unconditioned fear and anxiety
Authors: Davis Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidence from many different laboratories using a variety of experimental techniques and animal species indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in conditioned fear, anxiety, and attention. Many amygdaloid projection areas are critically involved in specific signs used to measure fear and anxiety. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits a pattern of behaviours that mimic natural or conditioned fear. Lesions of the amygdala block innate or conditioned fear, as well as various measures of attention, and local infusion of drugs into the amygdala have anxiolytic or anti-stress effects in several behavioural tests. N-MethylD-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the amygdala are important in the acquisition of conditioned fear, whereas NMDA or non-NMDA receptors are important for the expression of conditioned fear. The peptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone, appears to be especially important in fear or anxiety and may act within the amygdala, or parts of the extended amygdala, to orchestrate parts of the fear reaction.
Mathematical modelling of the Internet
Authors: Kelly Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the current Internet, the rate at which a source sends packets is controlled by TCP, the transmission control protocol of the Internet [8], implemented as software on the computers that arc the source and destination of the data. The general approach is as follows. When a resource within the network becomes overloaded, one or more packets are lost; loss of a packet is taken as an indication of congestion, the destination informs the source, and the source slows down. The TCP then gradually increases its sending rate until it again receives an indication of congestion. This cycle of increase and decrease serves to discover and utilize whatever bandwidth is available, and to share it between flows. In the future, resources may also have the ability to indicate congestion by marking packets, using an Explicit Congestion Notification mechanism [4], and current questions concern how packets might be marked and how TCP might be adapted to react to marked packets.
Transport of heat and electricity in metals and semiconductors
Authors: Singleton John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we shall apply our knowledge of bandstructure, Fermi surfaces and electron statistics to the problem of transport of heat and electricity in metals and semiconductors. To do this, we shall need to reintroduce the idea of a scattering rate 1/r for electrons. Before embarking on detailed derivations, it is instructive to consider what would happen to a band electron if scattering did not occur. The result is quite surprising, and readers who are disconcerted by surprises can jump straight to the next section if they wish.
Magnetoresistance in Mo-dimensional systems and the quantum Hall effect
Authors: Singleton John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapters 8 and 10 have described the effects of a magnetic field on threedimensional carrier systems; in particular, Chapter 8 discussed Landau quantisation. We shall now look at two-dimensional semiconductor systems in an analogous manner. The two-dimensionality1 removes one degree of freedom, so that at high magnetic fields the Landau quantisation results in a density of states consisting entirely of discrete levels, rather than a series of onedimensional density-of-state functions. This means that the oscillatory phenomena seen in high magnetic fields are often far more extreme in twodimensional, systems than they are in the three-dimensional equivalent.
Statistical theory
Authors: Buckland S T , Anderson D R , Burnham K P , Laake J L , Borchers D L , Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analysis methods for distance sampling described here model measured or estimated distances from a line or point so that density of objects in a study area may be estimated. Conceptually, object density varies spatially, and lines or points are placed at random or systematically in the study area to allow mean density to be estimated.
Glutathione (oxidized and reduced form): assay mixture and measurement
Authors: Kondo Takahiko , Sawada Fumi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Enzymatic recycling is described for determining the concentration of glutathione (GSH), of which there is a reduced form (γ-glutamylcysteinyl glycine, GSH) and an oxidized form (GSSG). Most of the glutathione present in cells is in the reduced form, with a small percent as GSSG. Because glutathione dissolves in acid, biological samples should first be treated with proteinprecipitating agents to remove proteins.
Haem oxygenase
Authors: Yoshida Tadasiii 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Haem oxygenase (HO) is an amphipathic microsomal protein which catalyses the regiospecific oxidative degradation of haem to biliverdin, CO, and Fe in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase as an electron donor (1-4). Haem degradation is physiologically important because it is the process not only of dissimilation of haem but also of biosynthesis of CO and bile pigments. CO acts as a physiological messenger and bile pigments can scavenge reactive oxygen species.
Ferritin
Authors: Kato Junji , Fujikawa Koshi , Niitsu Yoshiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Iron is essential for life and is involved in various physiological functions such as respiration, electron transport, and cell proliferation. Conversely, iron overload, especially free iron, causes cell damage by production of free radicals, oxidation of lipids, and DNA fragmentation. For these reasons, intracellular iron is strictly regulated. Part of that regulation is provided by ferritin, an iron-storage protein that consists of twenty-four L and H subunits. Each molecule of ferritin stores approx. 4500 atoms of iron and thus indirectly regulates free-radical production. Here we introduce a method for measurement of tissue ferritin.
Histochemical staining of ROS: NBT and O2·-/H2O2 andcerium methods
Authors: Hirai Kei-Ichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Originally, these methods were applied to living cells; it was, therefore, difficult to demonstrate ROS-generating activity in secretory vesicles which contain cytochrome &558 as NADPH oxidase (4) because vesicular fusion to the phagosomes or plasma membranes had already advanced during the incubation process.
LDL isolation and copper-catalysed oxidation
Authors: Yokode Masayuki , Kita Toru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A characteristic feature of atherosclerotic lesions is macrophage-derived foam cells, filled with cholesteryl esters, in the intima. Recent studies have shown that macrophages take-up oxidatively-modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) (oxidized LDL) by means of the scavenger receptor and are converted into foam cells. Thus, it is important to understand how oxidized LDL is produced in the body.
Total plasma iron
Authors: Gutteridge J M C , Quinlan G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because iron is an important catalyst of free-radical reactions, the body takes great care to sequester it in non-or poorly-reactive forms. Three major forms of iron are found in plasma—haem iron such as haemoglobin released from red blood cells, non-haem iron such as transferrin and ferritin, and low molecular mass iron (LMrFe) complexed in forms such as iron-citrate. The last occur only when transferrin is fully iron-saturated (see Chapter 49).
Expression of catalase gene
Authors: Sato Kenzo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is a peroxisomal enzyme catalysing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. The enzyme serves a central function in oxidant defence, together with other enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In mammalian tissues, the highest levels of catalase activity are found in the liver, kidney and erythrocytes and the lowest levels in connective tissues (1). Expression of catalase is known to be markedly reduced in the liver of tumour-bearing animals and in some cultured hepatoma cell lines (2).
Detection of DNA/protein cleavages by glycation
Authors: Kaneto Hideaki , Taniguchi Naoyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, which are known to be produced by the glycation reaction seen under diabetic conditions, trigger DNA cleavage (1) as well as protein cleavage. In this chapter we describe a method of detecting DNA and protein cleavage (2) induced by the glycation reaction.
Assay for 8-oxodGTP hydrolase
Authors: Maki Hisashi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mutagenesis caused by reactive oxygen species is a consequence of either DNA or dNTP damage. 8-oxodG is produced by oxidation of guanine nucleotides, known to be the most potent mutagenic damage inducing specific base substitutions. Organisms have cellular functions which avoid such mutageneses. 8-oxodG in DNA can be repaired by DNA glycosylase specific to 8-oxodG, and 8-oxodGTP is hydrolysed by 8-oxodGTP hydrolase (1-3). When these enzymes are hampered, increased spontaneous mutation is observed in cells. These enzymes, therefore, suppress spontaneous mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in normally growing cells.