bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual Complex Chemistry of Rare‐Earth Elements: Large Ionic Radii—Small Coordination Numbers
Authors: Dehnicke Kurt , Greiner Andreas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBecause of their large ionic radii and relatively low oxidation states rare‐earth elements generally form complexes which have high coordination numbers and weak metal–ligand bonds. They are often not suitable for homogeneous catalysis on account of their instability of configuration in solution. Complexes of the corresponding metal atoms with low coordination numbers may be an improvement. This type of complex can be obtained in the classical way by the introduction of bulky ligands, and recently, they were also prepared in reactions with ligand groups which offer remarkable metal–ligand bond features. This concept is demonstrated for complexes with bulky bis(trimethylsilyl)amido ligands {N(SiMe3)2}− and “slim” phosphoraneiminato ligands (NPR3−). Their suitability as catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of lactones is reported as well.
A Powerful Combinatorial Screen to Identify High‐Affinity Terbium(III)‐Binding Peptides
Authors: Nitz Mark , Franz Katherine J. , Maglathlin Rebecca L. , Imperiali Barbara 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLanthanide‐binding tags (LBTs) are protein fusion partners consisting of encoded amino acids that bind lanthanide ions with high affinity. Herein, we present a new screening methodology for the identification of new LBT sequences with high affinity for Tb3+ ions and intense luminescence properties. This methodology utilizes solid‐phase split‐and‐pool combinatorial peptide synthesis. Orthogonally cleavable linkers allow an efficient two‐step screening procedure. The initial screen avoids the interference caused by on‐bead screening by photochemically releasing a portion of the peptides into an agarose matrix for evaluation. The secondary screen further characterizes each winning sequence in a defined aqueous solution. Employment of this methodology on a series of focused combinatorial libraries yielded a linear peptide sequence of 17 encoded amino acids that demonstrated a 140‐fold increase in affinity (57 nM dissociation constant, KD) over previously reported lanthanide‐binding peptides. This linear sequence was macrocyclized by introducing a disulfide bond between flanking cysteine residues to produce a peptide with a 2‐nM apparent dissociation constant for Tb3+ ions.
Direct Observations of the Cleavage Reaction of an L‐DPPC Monolayer Catalyzed by Phospholipase A2 and Inhibited by an Indole Inhibitor at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Zhai Xiuhong , Li Junbai , Brezesinski Gerald , He Qiang , Möhwald Helmuth , Lai Luhua , Liu Ying , Liu Liang , Gao Ying 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe enzymatic hydrolysis of an L‐dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (L‐DPPC) monolayer at the air/water interface, catalyzed by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), serves as a model for biospecific interfacial reactions. The cleavage of L‐DPPC was investigated by Brewster angle microscopy. Different types of domain defects were observed to form in the coexisting liquid expanded and liquid condensed phases during the hydrolysis reaction. The adsorption of the enzyme was quantitatively recorded as the increase of the surface pressure over a fixed molecular area with time. In the case of L‐DPPC, the surface pressure first increases and then starts to decrease, which indicates that a soluble product (lysolipid) is produced during the catalytic cleavage reaction. The increase and decrease of the surface pressure, which corresponds to the change of shape and number density of domains, indicated the occurrence of the following processes: adsorption of PLA2, cleavage reaction, and rearrangement of substrate and product molecules at the interface. Addition of a PLA2 inhibitor to the lipid monolayer leads to a fast surface pressure increase after enzyme injection. The surface pressure reaches a maximum value and then does not change for a long time. During this period, no change in the domain shape and number density was observed, which indicates that the enzyme is inhibited for a certain period of time. The experimental results provide the possibility of a direct way to prove inhibitor activity.
Synthesis of Novel Acceptor Substrates for the Dolichyl Phosphate Mannose Synthase from Yeast
Authors: Sprung Ines , Carmès Laurence , Watt Gregory M. , Flitsch Sabine L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDolichols are polyisoprenoid lipid components of mammalian membranes consisting of an average of 20 head‐to‐tail linked isoprene units of which the first isoprene is fully saturated. The unusual size of these lipids is intriguing and poses questions about the role of dolichol structure in biological processes. In order to probe structure and function we have synthesised potential dolichyl analogues that retain only the first two isoprene units and carry a second functional group within the terminal lipid chain. Such analogues were evaluated as substrates for a key enzyme in the dolichyl‐dependent pathway of glycan biosynthesis, dolichyl phosphate mannose (Dol‐P‐Man) synthase. It was shown that some functional groups, including labels such as biotin, could be tolerated. When the synthetic analogues were attached to a solid support they were still substrates for the Dol‐P‐Man system and thus allowed the enzymatic solid‐phase synthesis of glycolipids.
Assessment of specimen adequacy reproducibility: An Italian experience
Authors: Montanari Gioia , Confortini Massimo , Bellomi Alberto , Cocchi Valeria , Dalla Palma Paolo , D'Ambrosio Enrico , Giovagnoli Maria Rosaria , Navone Roberto , Ronco Guglielmo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInterobserver disagreement on smear adequacy may influence the evaluation of the performance of samplers as well as Pap test sensitivity and follow‐up. In 1998, the Italian Group for Cervical Cancer Screening (GISCi) promoted a study on the reproducibility of adequacy criteria using a modified version of the Bethesda system. A set of 200 smears was circulated among six Italian laboratories situated in different parts of the country. For each smear, participants were requested to provide a summary judgment on its adequacy and on the cause(s) of inadequacy, if any. Agreement was measured using kappa‐type statistics. The agreement among laboratories was generally good. In comparisons, among five laboratories, kappa values ranged from 0.47 to 0.66. At the consensus meeting on 42 slides, on which at least 2 laboratories dissented from the majority, agreement was reached unanimously for 31 reviewed slides and among 5–6 centers for 11. In this article, some guidance is given in order to attribute to one of the two categories satisfactory/unsatisfactory those smears that have been traditionally considered as candidates for the category of “satisfactory but limited by …” (SBLB). New Italian guidelines on adequacy proposed the GISCi are presented and the recommendation is made to eliminate the SBLB category. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:224–226. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the ileum causing intussusception: Report of two cases with emphasis on cytologic diagnosis
Authors: Savargaonkar Pratima , Morgenstern Nora , Bhuiya Tawfiqal 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) of the gastrointestinal tract is a type of inflammatory pseudotumor or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that occurs most commonly in the stomach but also in the small and large bowel. Small‐bowel IFP usually presents with intussusception. The purpose of the current study is to describe cytological features of this lesion with differential diagnoses since pathologists may be called on to render a diagnosis on fine‐needle aspiration. Two cases of IFP are described with diagnostic features on imprint smears. Both were middle‐aged obese women with a history of prior intra‐abdominal surgical procedures who presented with signs of intestinal obstruction and were found to have a tumor causing intussuscption. At intraoperative consult, scrape cytology specimens showed cellular smears with a heterogeneous population of myofibroblasts, inflammatory cells and vessels. The features together with clinical history are sufficient to suggest the diagnosis. IFP is a lesion with a characteristic morphology. The differential diagnosis includes several other lesions, hence triage of cytological specimen for culture, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry is important in facilitating a correct diagnosis. Although a surgical procedure may still be necessary once a diagnosis of IFP is made, treatment may be tailored for a less aggressive process. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:217–221. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and diagnostic significance of blood in cervical smears
Authors: Boon Mathilde E. , Ouwerkerk‐Noordam Elisabeth , van Leeuwen Antoine W.M.F. , van Haaften‐Day Caroline 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA heavy admixture of blood in cervical smears can be problematic for the screener, as the presence of blood can influence the staining quality of the cancer cell nuclei. However, it might also be a blessing in disguise. A retrospective study of 40 clinically important smears, 34 originally signed out as negative for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 6 smears as unsatisfactory, was carried out in comparison with 100 smears from healthy women. Sample parameters were analyzed by macroscopy and neural network scanning. Differences between the two study groups were measured by Pearson's χ2 test. Of the 40 study cases, one case featured insufficient material, while 16 cases (40%) could confidently be classified as malignant or negative for malignancy. The most important macroscopic parameter of the smears was an admixture of blood. This background feature was also highlighted by the NNS system. Angiogenesis was visualized by the expression of CD34 in many sampled capillary fragments included in the smears. In conclusion, blood in cervical smears may have clinical and diagnostic significance. The rate of “failed smears” in routine cervical screening might thus by CD34 be considerably decreased. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:181–185. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary diagnosis and REAL/WHO classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma by fine‐needle aspiration: Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic approach
Authors: Mourad W.A. , Tulbah A. , Shoukri M. , Al Dayel F. , Akhtar M. , Ali M.A. , Hainau B. , Martin J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Revised European American lymphoma (REAL) and World Health Organization (WHO) classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) relies on the constellation of cytologic, phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characteristics of NHL. For the most part, the classification does not rely on architectural pattern for classification of neoplasms. This classification makes it possible to diagnose and classify lymphomas by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). In this study, we attempted to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing and classifying NHL within the context of the REAL/WHO classifications. Cases included only those in which FNA was the primary diagnosis, followed by a surgical biopsy for confirmation. Flow cytometry (FCM) for phenotyping was carried out whenever material was available. Two groups of pathologists were identified. Group A consisted of pathologists with background training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (three pathologists). Group B consisted of experienced surgical pathologists with no training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (four pathologists). Seventy‐four cases were included in the study. FCM phenotyping was performed in 53 cases (71%). Large cell lymphoma constituted 63% of the cases. The remaining lymphomas included Burkitt's, small lymphocytic, lymphoblastic, follicle center cell, Ki‐1, mantle cell, marginal zone, and natural killer cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of lymphoma was rendered for all cases. The correct classification was seen in 63% of the cases. Classification was more accurate in immunophenotyped than in nonimmunophenotyped cases (84% vs 33%; P = 0.00004). Group A pathologists showed higher incidence of proper classification than group B (80% vs 56%; P = 0.046). The diagnosis and classification of NHL can be achieved in a large number of cases on FNA material. This accuracy can be increased if cytomorphologic criteria are established for different entities of NHL aided by FCM for phenotyping. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:191–195. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocrine effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and its fluorinated analog, fluasterone, in rats
Authors: Brown Alan P. , Kirchner Debra L. , Morrissey Robert L. , Das Saroj R. , Fitzgerald Robert L. , Crowell James A. , Levine Barry S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCancer chemoprevention is the use of pharmacologic agents to inhibit the development of cancer. The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy in animal models of tumorigenesis. However, due to DHEA's undesirable hormonal actions, the fluorinated analog fluasterone (fl‐DHEA), which also has chemopreventive characteristics, was synthesized as a potential alternate agent. It is not known whether fl‐DHEA has hormonal actions. The endocrinologic effects of DHEA and fl‐DHEA in adult male and female Fischer 344 rats were examined following 28 days of daily oral treatment. Initial doses tested were 30 and 300 mg/kg/day for each drug (n=12/sex/group), which are equivalent to 104 and 1,042 µmoles/kg/day DHEA, and 103 and 1,034 µmoles/kg/day fl‐DHEA. However, due to weight loss at the high dose, doses were lowered to 150 mg/kg/day for each drug (521 and 517 µmoles/kg/day DHEA and fl‐DHEA, respectively). Administration of DHEA resulted in dose‐dependent increases in plasma DHEA and DHEA‐S 1 h after dosing in week 4. DHEA produced an estrogenic effect in female rats expressed as decreased plasma FSH and LH, inhibition of ovulation, prolonged estrus, and increased uterine estrogen receptors. DHEA also increased plasma levels of androstenedione in males and females. Administration of fl‐DHEA increased the estrus cycle length due to a prolonged diestrus II phase and decreased the weights of the uterus, prostate, seminal vesicles, and testes. In addition, fl‐DHEA decreased plasma FSH, LH, and tissue estradiol, and increased plasma dihydrotestosterone levels in both sexes. These results indicate that fl‐DHEA is hormonally active and additional studies are warranted to further describe its endocrinologic effects. Drug Dev. Res. 58:169–178, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of antihistamines, ebastine and terfenadine, on electrocardiogram in conscious dogs and cats
Authors: Kii Yoshihide , Nakatsuji Katsuyoshi , Nose Isamu , Yabuuchi Masafumi , Matsuda Michiaki , Ito Tsugutaka 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ebastine and terfenadine on the electrocardiogram of conscious dogs and cats. In dogs, terfenadine at oral doses of 30 mg/kg twice a day for 7 days prolonged the electrocardiographic QT interval and the corrected QT (QTc) interval on the seventh day, whereas the drug did not affect these parameters on the first day. Plasma concentrations of terfenadine and its active metabolite, fexofenadine, reached 306 and 8,541 ng/mL, respectively, on the seventh day. Ebastine at oral doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 7 days was without effect on the QT and QTc intervals, whereas the drug slightly shortened the RR interval. On the seventh day following the dose of 100 mg/kg, plasma concentrations of ebastine and its active metabolite, carebastine, reached 36 and 1,939 ng/mL, respectively. In conscious cats, terfenadine at oral doses of 30 mg/kg twice a day for 7 days prolonged the QT and QTc intervals, QRS duration, JT and the corrected JT intervals. Unexpectedly, terfenadine induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia and premature beats. On the other hand, ebastine at oral doses of 100 mg/kg once a day for 7 days was without effect on the electrocardiographic parameters in cats. These results suggest that the electrocardiographic changes indicative of the proarrhythmic potential of terfenadine can be evaluated in conscious dogs and especially in conscious cats by repeated oral administration, and that ebastine does not induce such changes. 58:209–217, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear analysis of the development of sitting postural control
Authors: Harbourne Regina T. , Stergiou Nicholas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe development of sitting postural control in five normal infants was examined longitudinally at three stages of sitting: Stage 1, when infants could hold up their head and upper trunk, but could not sit independently; Stage 2, when infants began to sit independently briefly; and Stage 3, when infants could sit independently. Methods from nonlinear dynamics were used to analyze center of pressure (COP) data during sitting in terms of stability of the neuromuscular system (Lyapunov Exponent), movement dimensionality (Correlation Dimension), and complexity/regularity (Approximate Entropy). Results indicated significant changes in the nonlinear measures over time, with increased stability and increased regularity revealing a more stable and periodic strategy of maintaining postural control. Dimensionality decreased from Stage 1 to 2, indicating a constraint of the degrees of freedom. Subsequently, dimensionality increased from Stage 2 to 3, indicating a release of the degrees of freedom as sitting independence emerged. Nonlinear analysis of the COP time series supports the perspective that the development of postural control is a dynamic process whereby the infant learns to control the body's degrees of freedom to achieve the sitting posture. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 368–377, 2003.
A new separate‐identification method of two stator equivalent core‐loss resistances corresponding to hysteresis and eddy‐current losses for parallel‐type mathematical models of AC motors
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a new unified method for identifying equivalent stator core‐loss resistance of AC motors, which can be applied to both induction and synchronous motors. In order to realize AC motors that exhibit high performance such as precise torque generation and/or efficient energy transmission, stator core loss cannot be neglected in designing vector control systems. It is common to model stator core loss in magnetic circuits as loss caused by equivalent resistance in electrical circuit. One of the best mathematical models for controlling AC motors with core loss is a kind of parallel‐type model that succeeds in modeling both eddy‐current and hysteresis losses. The newly proposed method succeeds in identifying separately and simultaneously two kinds of equivalent core‐loss resistances on the model corresponding to eddy‐current and hysteresis losses. The practical usefulness of the method is evaluated and confirmed through experiments using two induction motors of 5.5 and 2.0 kW having relatively high core losses and a permanent magnet synchronous motor of 750 W having relatively low core losses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(4): 50–63, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10152
Prostaglandin D2 inhibits the production of interleukin‐12 in murine dendritic cells through multiple signaling pathways
Authors: Faveeuw Christelle , Gosset Philippe , Bureau Fabrice , Angeli Véronique , Hirai Hiroyuki , Maruyama Takayuki , Narumiya Shuh , Capron Monique , Trottein François 
Published: March 2003

AbstractProstaglandin (PG) D2, and its metabolites, are known to be important mediators during acute and chronic inflammation. However, their functions during the early phases of the immune response are poorly documented. In the present study, we show that PGD2 inhibits, in a dose‐dependent manner, the CD40‐ and LPS‐induced secretion of the Th1‐driving factor IL‐12 by murine splenic dendritic cells (DC), the most potent antigen‐presenting cells. The inhibition of IL‐12 production is mediated only in part by the cell surface Gαs protein‐coupled D prostanoid receptor (termed DP1) but not by the Gαi protein‐coupled DP receptor, DP2. We show that recruitment of DP1 in DC results in the activation of a cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway that is partially responsible for the inhibition of IL‐12 production. We also suggest that the DP1‐independent effects exerted by PGD2 on IL‐12 production may be due to the action of ist PGJ2, but not PGF2α, metabolites. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PGD2 affects NF‐κB activation through (the) DP1‐independent pathway(s). Together these data suggest that PGD2, by interacting with DP1 and by binding to other target cellular proteins, may regulate immune responses by affecting IL‐12 production in DC.
Combinatorial immunoglobulin light chain variability creates sufficient B cell diversity to mount protective antibody responses against pathogen infections
Authors: Senn Beatrice M. , López‐Macías Constantino , Kalinke Ulrich , Lamarre Alain , Isibasi Armando , Zinkernagel Rolf M. , Hengartner Hans 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo analyze how combinatorial light (L) chain diversity influences the B cell repertoire, we studied mice with a homozygous immunoglobulin‐heavy‐chain null mutation (μMT), in which the B cell developmental block was overridden by the expression of a transgenic immunoglobulin μ heavy (H) chain derived from a vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana serotype (VSV‐IND)‐neutralizing Ab (T11μMT mice). The randomly integrated transgene could not undergo secondary rearrangements and was expressed in combination with endogenous κ or λ chains. T11μMT mice had a skewed B cell repertoire as evidenced by 30–60% VSV‐IND‐specific peripheral B cells and spontaneous VSV‐IND‐neutralizing serum titers. Upon immunization, T11μMT mice mounted specific IgM antibody responses against VSV‐IND but, interestingly, they also responded against VSV New Jersey serotype (VSV‐NJ), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, poliovirus and Salmonella typhi porins. Variable‐region sequence analysis revealed that VSV‐NJ‐specific antibodies expressed numerous L chains in combination with the transgenic H chain, which was devoid of hypermutations. Thus, in T11μMT mice combinatorial L chain variability alone is able to build up a sufficiently complex B cell repertoire to mount protective immunoglobulin responses against a variety of pathogens.
Critical role for OX40 ligand in the development of pathogenic Th2 cells in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Hoshino Akihiko , Tanaka Yoshitaka , Akiba Hisaya , Asakura Yumiko , Mita Yasuo , Sakurai Takanobu , Takaoka Akiko , Nakaike Shiro , Ishii Naoto , Sugamura Kazuo , Yagita Hideo , Okumura Ko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBronchial asthma is characterized by massive infiltration of eosinophils and airway hyperreactivity (AHR), which are caused by overproduction of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13) by allergen‐specific T cells. We recently demonstrated a critical contribution of OX40 ligand (OX40L) to the development of Th2‐mediated experimental leishmaniasis. In this study, we have examined the role of OX40L in the development of Th2‐mediated pulmonary inflammation by utilizing OX40L‐deficient mice and a neutralizing anti‐OX40L mAb in a murine model of asthma. Sensitization and airway challenge with ovalbumin in wild‐type BALB/c mice induced a typical allergic asthma characterized by AHR, accumulation of eosinophils, increased mucus production, and high levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung.All these asthmatic responses were not induced in OX40L‐deficient BALB/c mice. Administration of neutralizing anti‐OX40L mAb in wild‐type BALB/c mice during the sensitization period
also abolished the induction of asthmatic responses. In contrast, administration of anti‐OX40L mAb during the challenge period did not inhibit the asthmatic responses. These results indicate a critical role for OX40L in the induction phase, which leads to the development of pathogenic Th2 cells, but not in the effector phase, which includes migration and activation of pathogenic Th2 cells in the lung.