bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of cytosolyc cathepsin D content in resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Manuel del Casar José , Vizoso Francisco José , Abdel‐Laa Omar , Sanz Lourdes , Martín Aranzazu , Daniela Corte María , Bongera Miguel , García Muñiz José Luis , Fueyo Antonio 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground and AimsCathepsin D (Cath‐D) is an aspartyl protease involved in protein catabolism and tissue remodelling. In the present article, we evaluate the tumor content of Cath‐D in resectable gastric carcinomas and its relation with clinical and pathological parameters, as well as its prognostic significance.MethodThis prospective study included a series of 60 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma, who first underwent a complete surgical resection of their tumors and then were evaluated for disease recurrence and survival status during a mean follow‐up period of 41.5 months. Cath D was measured in cytosolic samples using an immune‐radiometric assay which determined the total amount of Cath‐D (52K, 48K, and 34K).ResultsThe tumor content of Cath‐D ranged from 4 to 247 pmol/mg protein and from 6.4 to 97.7 pmol/mg protein in adjacent non‐neoplastic mucosa samples. Cytosolic Cath‐D levels were significantly higher in neoplastic tissues (P < 0.001). Statistical analysis also demonstrated that younger patients showed lower Cath‐D tumor levels than older ones. Likewise, patients with lower tumor levels of Cath‐D had better survival than those with intermediate or high Cath‐D tumor content (P = 0.002). This finding showed an independent prognostic value on survival (P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the presence of higher Cath‐D content in gastric carcinomas than in adjacent non‐neoplastic mucosa, and that high intratumor Cath‐D levels indentify a subgroup of resectable gastric cancer patients with a high probability of relapse as well as worse survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:16–21. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of thyroid cancer with intermediate differentiation
Authors: Sywak Mark , Pasieka Janice L. , Ogilvie Travis 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTall cell (TCV), columnar cell (CCV), insular (IC), diffuse sclerosing (DSPTC) and solid/trabecular are uncommon subtypes of thyroid cancer, which have generally been described in case reports or small series in the world literature. Due to the rarity of these thyroid cancers, their clinical behavior remains incompletely understood. The aim of this review was to pool the currently available clinical information regarding these uncommon thyroid cancers so as to gain a better understanding of their clinical aspects and natural history.MethodsA computer‐aided search of MEDLINE (1966–2001, PUBMED website) and CINAHL (1982–2001) databases was performed, as well as a review of the reference section of each primary study was done. All cases of TCV, CCV, DSPTC, solid/trabecular, and IC described in the English medical literature were identified. For the subtypes DSPTC, TCV, and IC, clinical data from the published case series were combined in a weighted analysis. Weighting was based on the number of cases per series. For the CCV and the solid/trabecular variant, due to the small number of cases, raw figures for the clinical features were obtained.ResultsDSPTC (n = 65) appeared to have a tendency for intra‐thyroidal extension (40%) and a high propensity for nodal metastates (68%). The mean overall tumor related mortality was similar to well differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) at only 2% at 8 years follow‐up. The solid/trabecular variant was seen in 37% of the radiation induced thyroid tumors of the Chernobyl accident. It had a high propensity for extrathyroidal extension, and cervical lymph node metastases were found in up to 83% of patients. Unlike WDTC, TCV (n = 209) was a more aggressive tumor, associated with distant metastases in 22% of cases and had a mean tumor related mortality of 16%. The histological diagnosis of TCV was a poor prognostic factor regardless of patient age or tumor size. The CCV (n = 41) had a high overall mortality rate of 32%. When encapsulated, however, CCV had an excellent prognosis similar to that found in WDTC. In contrast, CCV tumors that were not encapsulated had extrathyroidal spread in 67% and had distant metastases in 87% of patients. The variant of IC (n = 213) appeared to be an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer. The mean loco‐regional recurrence and/or distant metastases rate was 64% and tumor related mortality was high at 32%.ConclusionsDSPTC, TCV, CCV, and IC are thyroid cancer subtypes, which have a biological aggressiveness, which appear to be intermediate between that of WDTC and poorly differentiated anaplastic thyroid cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:44–54. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified two‐probe approach for amplitude‐only near‐field measurements
Authors: El‐Said Yaser S. , Attiya Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA simple, effective technique for phase retrieval of antenna near‐field measurements is presented. This technique is based on using two similar scanning probes to collect four scalar near‐field measurements simultaneously, namely, the squared voltages received by two probes, the squared value of the summation of the received voltages by the two probes in phase, and the squared value of the summation of the received voltages by the two probes shifted by an arbitrarily known phase shift. A simple relation is used to retrieve the phase distribution by utilizing these four scalar measurements. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 270–273, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20114
High‐quality‐factor (33) and high‐resonant‐frequency (35 GHz) spiral inductors fabricated in 0.25‐μM mixed‐signal/RF‐CMOS technology
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wu Shen‐Hong , Chiu Hong‐Wei , Lu Shey‐Shi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the layout, temperature (from −50°C to 200°C), top‐metal‐layer thickness, and substrate impedance on the performances of high‐quality‐factor (Qfactor) and high‐resonant‐frequency (fSR) spiral inductors with 6‐μm‐thick top metal in 0.25‐μm CMOS technology for radio‐frequency integrated‐circuit (RF‐IC) applications. We found thatQfactor decreases with increasing temperature but shows a reverse behavior at a higher‐frequency range, while NF increases with increasing temperature but shows a reverse behavior within a higher‐frequency range. This phenomenon can be explained by the positive‐temperature coefficients of the metal series resistance (Rs) and the substrate resistance (Rsub). In addition, the proton bombardment post‐process can largely increase the maximumQfactor (Qmax) of the inductors, mainly due to the increase of substrate impedance. The present analysis enables RF engineers to understand more deeply the temperature and substrate impedance dependences of the spiral inductors fabricated on a silicon substrate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 276–279, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20117
Effect of losses and dispersion on the focusing properties of left‐handed media
Authors: Marqués R. , Baena J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBy means of an analysis of the field radiated by a point source placed in front of an infinite left‐handed slab, the effect off losses and dispersion on the focusing properties of continuous left‐handed media are analyzed. It is shown that subwavelength focusing of point‐like quasi‐monochromatic sources can be achieved by using physical left‐handed slabs, provided some conditions are fulfilled. These conditions are qualitative and quantitatively analyzed. Numerical examples that show the accuracy of this analysis are provided. Finally, the proposed electromagnetic analysis and the geometrical Veselago's demonstration of over‐wavelength focusing by left‐handed slabs are found to be mutually consistent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 290–294, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20119
Field trial of the 40 Gb/s ETDM prototype over 219 km of the installed single‐mode fiber
Authors: Lee San Soo , Cho Hyun Woo , Lim Sang‐Kyu , Han Ki Ho , Han Jin Soo , Chu Moo Jung , Ko Je Soo , Yoon Kyeong‐Mo , Lee Yong‐Gi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe demonstrate a field trial of the 40 Gb/s single‐channel electrical time‐division multiplexing (ETDM) prototype by using KT's installed single‐mode fiber (SMF). The prototype consists of a 40‐Gb/s optical transmitter, receiver, and four sets of optical amplifiers. In order to provide a practical and economical field trial, we adopt conventional erbium‐doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and precise dispersion compensation technology. We obtain the power penalties of 0.5 dB for 10 Gb/s tributary channels after transmission of 219 km. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 304–306, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20123
Optimization of slicing level in an OC‐192 receiver
Authors: Cheng D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBased on the ratio of noise‐dependent to signal‐independent noise, the slicing level of a decision circuit in the OC‐192 receiver is optimized. The impact of the slicing level on bit‐error rate (BER) is illustrated for different fade margins and noise‐dependent to signal‐independent noise ratio. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 310–312, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20125
A new condition to identify isotropic dielectric‐magnetic materials displaying negative phase velocity
Authors: Depine Ricardo A. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe derivation of a new condition for characterizing isotropic dielectric‐magnetic materials exhibiting negative phase velocity, and the equivalence of that condition with previously derived conditions, are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 315–316, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20127
High‐gain triple‐pass amplification in two‐stage optical amplifier architecture
Authors: Khairi Khairil A. , Naji Ahmed W. , Sheih S‐J , Mahdi Mohd A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA new high‐gain Erbium‐doped fiber amplifier configured in a dual‐stage triple‐pass amplification scheme is presented. The first‐stage amplifier consists of double‐pass amplification in order to obtain high gain, while the second‐stage amplifier is single‐pass amplification. The optimum pump ratio of the first‐stage pump laser to the total pump power is found to be 30%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 317–318, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20128
Maxwellian circuits and Green's functions
Authors: Leung K. W. , Liu Y. W. , Yang P. , Mei K. K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn a series of conference and journal papers [1–3], Mei has laid the foundation of the theory of Maxwellian circuits, which asserts that any wire structure, such as a thin wire antenna or a microstrip device, can be represented by an equivalent circuit, the solution of which is identical to the solution of the Maxwell equations of the structure. Such a circuit is said to be Maxwellian. This paper investigates the environmental effects of the Maxwellian circuit, in particular the role of the Green's functions of the integral equation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 318–320, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20129
The role of caregiver gender and caregiver burden in nursing home placements for elderly Taiwanese survivors of stroke
Authors: Kao Hsueh‐Fen S. , McHugh Mary L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe role of caregiver gender in caregiver burden and the association between the level of caregiver burden and institutionalization of elderly stroke survivors in Taiwan were explored using a correlational, descriptive design. The convenience sample was composed of 78 male and 69 female primary caregivers of stroke survivors. Simple multiple regression and t tests were used to test the research questions. Women perceived caregiving as more burdensome than men did. Caregiver burden was most strongly associated with the characteristics of the care recipients and with institutionalization. The proposed model explained 45% and 28% of the variance in caregiver burden for male and female caregivers, respectively. It is recommended that the professional nursing role in Taiwan be expanded to include postdischarge care, respite, and home‐care services to allow families to keep their elderly at home as long as possible and to provide culturally sensitive care to families that might be traumatized by having to violate ethnic Chinese cultural norms by institutionalizing family members. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:121–134, 2004
Alzheimer's disease caregiving information and skills, part III: Group process issues and concerns
Authors: Perraud Suzanne , Farran Carol J. , Loukissa Dimitra , Paun Olimpia 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this descriptive study we examined content and processes in a group‐based component of an ongoing clinical trial with family caregivers of persons with dementia. The purpose was to identify issues arising from the group processes that could be used to inform future skill‐building caregiver groups. Summaries from two types of intervention groups, a caregiver skill‐building (CSB) treatment intervention and an information and support only (ISO) control intervention were examined, along with data collected during a group leader debriefing session. Three major categories of process information were identified: (a) group member behaviors that support group processes necessary for skill development, (b) group leader behaviors that support group processes necessary for skill development, and (c) the phases of learning in caregiver (CG) skill development. Subcategories and specific content in each of these areas are identified in this article, and a list of member and leader behaviors that might support future skill development in groups is presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:110–120, 2004
Identification of circulating antibodies to tumor‐associated proteins for combined use as markers of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhong Li , Peng Xuejun , Hidalgo Giovanna E. , Doherty Dennis E. , Stromberg Arnold J. , Hirschowitz Edward A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCurrently only a limited number of tumor markers for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are available. Antibodies to tumor‐associated proteins may expand the number of available tumor markers for lung cancer and be used together in a serum profile to enhance sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we isolated 57 tumor‐associated proteins from two NSCLC cDNA T7 phage libraries using biopan enrichment techniques with NSCLC patient and normal sera. Sequence analysis showed that among the 57 phage‐displayed proteins 45 have sequence identity with known or putative tumor‐associated proteins. Immunochemical reactivity of patient sera with phage‐expressed proteins showed enrichment on the number of immunogenic phage clones in the biopanning process and also confirmed that antibodies were present in patient sera but not in normal sera. Antibodies to five phage‐expressed proteins were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to validate the concept that combinations have greater predictive value than any single antibody alone. Logistic regression analysis showed that combined measurements of five antibodies was more predictive of disease than any single antibody alone, underscoring the importance of identifying multiple potential markers. The resulting antibody profiling is a feasible diagnostic strategy for NSCLC. An inventory of corresponding proteins may have significant relevance to tumor biology, novel drug development, and immunotherapies.
Functional and topological characterization of protein interaction networks
Authors: Yook Soon‐Hyung , Oltvai Zoltán N. , Barabási Albert‐László 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe elucidation of the cell's large‐scale organization is a primary challenge for post‐genomic biology, and understanding the structure of protein interaction networks offers an important starting point for such studies. We compare four available databases that approximate the protein interaction network of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aiming to uncover the network's generic large‐scale properties and the impact of the proteins' function and cellular localization on the network topology. We show how each database supports a scale‐free, topology with hierarchical modularity, indicating that these features represent a robust and generic property of the protein interactions network. We also find strong correlations between the network's structure and the functional role and subcellular localization of its protein constituents, concluding that most functional and/or localization classes appear as relatively segregated subnetworks of the full protein interaction network. The uncovered systematic differences between the four protein interaction databases reflect their relative coverage for different functional and localization classes and provide a guide for their utility in various bioinformatics studies.
Proteomic analysis of the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Paba Jaime , Santana Jaime M. , Teixeira Antonio R. L. , Fontes Wagner , Sousa Marcelo V. , Ricart Carlos A. O. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease, possesses a complex life cycle involving different developmental stages. Experimental conditions for two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) analysis of T. cruzi trypomastigote, amastigote and epimastigote proteomes were optimized. Comparative proteome analysis of the cell‐cycle stages were carried out, revealing that few proteins included in the 2‐DE maps displayed significant differential expression among the three developmental forms of the parasite. In order to identify landmark proteins, spots from the trypomastigote 2‐DE map were subjected to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry peptide mass fingerprinting, resulting in 26 identifications that corresponded to 19 different proteins. Among the identified polypeptides, there were heat shock proteins (HSP; chaperones, HSP 60, HSP 70 and HSP 90), elongation factors, glycolytic pathway enzymes (enolase, pyruvate kinase and 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate mutase) and structural proteins (KMP 11, tubulin and paraflagellar rod components). The relative expression of the identified proteins in the 2‐DE maps of the T. cruzi developmental stages is also presented.
Quantitative profiling of LNCaP prostate cancer cells using isotope‐coded affinity tags and mass spectrometry
Authors: Meehan Katie L. , Sadar Marianne D. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAndrogens are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases including adenocarcinoma of the prostate. These hormones are important for growth, maintenance, and integrity of structure and function of the prostate. Androgen‐deprivation is currently the only effective systemic therapy for prostate cancer but the effects of androgens on the proteome are still poorly described. Here we quantitatively profile changes in the proteome of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in response to androgen using the newly developed isotope‐coded affinity tag (ICAT) labeling and two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy (2‐D LC‐MS/MS). ICAT enables the concurrent identification and comparative quantitative analysis of proteins present in various biological samples including human cell and tissue extracts. Quantification and identification of 139 proteins in complex protein mixtures obtained from androgen‐stimulated and unstimulated LNCaP cells were achieved. Changes in levels of 77 proteins in response to androgens were detected. Some of these proteins have been previously reported to be regulated by androgens and include spermine synthase, fatty acid synthase and calreticulin precursor. A large number of proteins that have not been previously reported to be expressed in prostate cells were also quantitatively identified. Examples of these include members of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily, “similar” to hypothetical protein DKFZp434B0328.1, “similar” to 14‐3‐3 protein zeta and “similar” to hypothetical protein 458, components of the actin cytoskeleton and a range of unknown/uncharacterized proteins. This catalogue of proteins provides an overview of the proteome of prostate cancer cells and the global changes that occur in response to androgens.
Improving large‐scale proteomics by clustering of mass spectrometry data
Authors: Beer Ilan , Barnea Eilon , Ziv Tamar , Admon Arie 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), coupled with liquid chromatography (LC), is a powerful tool for the analysis and comparison of complex protein and peptide mixtures. However, the extremely large amounts of data that result from the process are very complex and difficult to analyze. We show how the clustering of similar spectra from multiple LC‐MS/MS runs can help in data management and improve the analysis of complex peptide mixtures. The major effect of spectrum clustering is the reduction of the huge amounts of data to a manageable size. As a result, analysis time is shorter and more data can be stored for further analysis. Furthermore, spectrum quality improvement allows the identification of more peptides with greater confidence, the comparison of complex peptide mixtures is facilitated, and the entire proteomics project is presented in concise form. Pep‐Miner is an advanced software tool that implements these clustering‐based applications. It proved useful in several comparative proteomics projects involving lung cancer cells and various other cell types. In one of these projects, Pep‐Miner reduced 517 000 spectra to 20 900 clusters and identified 2518 peptides derived from 830 proteins. Clustering and identification lasted less than two hours on an IBM Thinkpad T23 computer (laptop). Pep‐Miner's unique properties make it a very useful tool for large‐scale shotgun proteomics projects.