bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Preparation of Nano-porous TiO2 Layers for Plastic Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kado T , Yamaguchi M , Yamada Y , Hayase S 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Short circuit currents for dye sensitized solar cells increased from 3.50 to 7.38 mA/cm2 after TiO2 layers were exposed to low-accelerating electron beam showers at room temperature. EB curing of TiO2 layers was successfully conducted without substrate deterioration.
Concurrently Observed Activation of Aryl–oxygen and Alkyl–oxygen Bonds in The Formation of Rhodium(III) Complexes
Authors: Kawamoto Tatsuya , Fujimura Yuki , Konno Takumi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The reaction of 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)benzothiazoline with [RhCl(PPh3)3] led to two rhodium(III) complexes, [RhCl(S–N–C(OMe))(PPh3)2] (1) and [Rh(S–N–O(OMe))(S–NH(OMe)2)(PPh3)] (2), accompanied by C(aryl)–O and C(alkyl)–O bond cleavage, respectively.
Green Protocol for the O–H Insertion of α-Diazoketones with Alcohols and Water Using Ionic Liquid [Bmim]BF4
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V S , Srinivas M 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
α-Diazoketones undergo readily O–H insertion reactions with alcohols and water in hydrophilic [bmim]BF4 ionic liquid in the absence of any acid catalyst to furnish α-alkoxy and α-hydroxy ketones in excellent yields under neutral conditions. The recovered ionic liquid can be easily reused in four to five cycles with consistent in activity. The use of ionic liquid helps to avoid the use of acid catalysts as well as environmentally unfavorable volatile organic solvents.
Ultraviolet-emitting ZnO Microtube Array Synthesized by a Catalyst-assisted Flux Method
Authors: Kong Xianghua , Li Yadong 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Highly oriented ZnO microtube array was prepared by Au catalyst-assisted flux method using ZnO nanobelts as starting materials at a temperature of 860 °C. The growth of ZnO microtubes may be controlled by a high-temperature SLS mechanism. One room temperature UV emission peak at 380 nm was detected.
New Application of 1,4-Dihydropyridine System: Michael Reactions Mediated by 1,4-Dihydropyridine–Enolate Adduct in Micellar Medium
Authors: Mashraqui Sabir H , Karnik Madhavi A 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
1,4-dihydropyridine-acetophenone enolate adduct, in catalytic amount effects Michael reactions in aqueous cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The enolate, generated by dissociation of the adduct abstracts a proton from readily enolizable substrates to bring about the Michael reaction under mild conditions in fair to good yields without side products.
Catalytic Conversion of Sulfides to Sulfoxides by The [PZnMo2W9O39]5− Polyoxometalate
Authors: Yadollahi Bahram 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Keggin type polyoxometalates can be used as catalysts for the activation of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide for the selective transformation of various organic substrates. In this paper, results are presented for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in high to excellent yields using 30% aqueous H2O2 as oxidant and [PZnMo2W9O39]5− as catalyst in acetonitrile.
Alterations in cholinergic and non‐cholinergic neurotransmitter receptor densities in transgenic Tg2576 mouse brain with β‐amyloid plaque pathology
Authors: Klingner Margrit , Apelt Jenny , Kumar Ashok , Sorger Dietlind , Sabri Osama , Steinbach Jörg , Scheunemann Matthias , Schliebs Reinhard 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCholinergic deficits in Alzheimer's disease are accompanied by a number of alterations in other transmitter systems including glutamate, noradrenaline and serotonin, suggesting the involvement also of other neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of the disease. To address the question whether β‐amyloid may contribute to these deficits, brain tissue from transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology at ages of 5 (still no significant plaque load) and 17 months (moderate to high cortical β‐amyloid plaque load) were examined for a number of cholinergic and non‐cholinergic markers. Transgenic mice with no significant plaque load demonstrated reduced hemicholinium‐3 (HCh‐3) binding to choline uptake sites in anterior brain regions as compared to non‐transgenic littermates, while in aged transgenic mice with high number of plaque deposits decreased HCh‐3 binding levels were accompanied by increased vesicular acetylcholine transporter binding in selected cortical brain regions. In aged transgenic mice GABAA, NMDA, AMPA, kainate, and β‐adrenergic as well 5‐HT1A‐ and 5‐HT2A‐receptor binding levels were hardly affected, whereas α1‐ and α2‐adrenoceptor binding was increased in selected cerebral cortical regions as compared to non‐transgenic littermates. The development of changes in both cholinergic and non‐cholinergic markers in transgenic Tg2576 mouse brain already before the onset of progressive plaque deposition provides in vivo evidence of a modulatory role of soluble β‐amyloid on cortical neurotransmission and may be referred to the deficits in learning and memory observed in these mice also before significant plaque load.
Accelerator, Reactor and Atmospheric Neutrino Data: A Three-Flavor Oscillation Analysis
Authors: Goswami Srubabati , Raychaudhuri Amitava , Kar Kamales 
Published: October 2003

We perform a three-flavor oscillation analysis of accelerator, reactor and atmospheric neutrino results. Motivated by the experimental data, the mass squared differences are chosen to be Δ12 = Δ13 in the range 0.5–10 eV2 and Δ23 = 10-2 eV2. In such a scenario, the oscillation probabilities for the accelerator and reactor neutrinos involve only two of the mixing angles and one mass scale. But the atmospheric neutrino oscillation is governed by both mass scales and all the three mixing angles. The greater latitude allowed by the scheme leads to some new and interesting solution regions for atmospheric neutrinos in addition to the two-flavor limits usually discussed. However, incorporating the constraints from the previous accelerator searches for neutrino oscillations, a very narrow range of allowed mixing angles survives. This zone is beyond the reach of the on-going accelerator experiments CHORUS and NOMAD with their projected sensitivity.
On a Model Representing Stage-Structured Population Growth with State-Dependent Time Delay
Authors: Fathallah Ashraf , Arino Ovide 
Published: October 2003

A new model for the growth of a single-species with a two-stage structure is developed employing a state-dependent age of maturity. The paper discusses some remarks in a previous model where the time to maturity is state dependent. Then, we present a new model which is mainly based on making the maturation period of juveniles depend on the total population size not at the present time t but at an earlier time stage, namely, the time when they were born. The paper considers both biological and mathematical aspects. Emphasis is given to the basic theory of the solutions, such as local and global properties of existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness.
Phenomenological Contributions on Schizophrenia: A Critical Review and Commentary on the Literature between 1980-2000
Authors: Rulf Sybille 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAfter a brief perusal of the various meanings of phenomenology in psychopathology, the contributions to schizophrenia of phenomenological psychology (psychiatry) in the European sense are reviewed. The last twenty years are deemed fruitful and productive. Following the central themes and motives of this literature allows us to come to a different and perhaps wider understanding of schizophrenia than that proposed currently by mainstream psychiatry. These diverse investigations converge in seeing as the core of schizophrenia the disorders related to inter-subjectivity and ipseity (mineness), in turn related to what Bleuler had once called Autism. Finally, a critical discussion of the limitations and the strengths of the phenomenological approach is offered.
Freud's Case of the Rat Man Revisited: An Existential-Phenomenological and Socio-Historical Analysis
Authors: Wertz Frederick 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAfter reviewing Freud's 1909 case of the Rat Man, the form of the patient's psychological life is analyzed from existential-phenomenological and socio-historical perspectives.The predominant structure of the analysand's individual life is characterized by the image of an incarcerated criminal. Its constituents include power expropriation, devaluation of self, and epistemic disavowal and oblivion that are subject to intermittent overthrow by lightening strikes of disruptively revolting and irresponsible arrogance. This individual existential structure is traced to the collective structure of the panoptical institutions of modern society delineated by Foucault. An examination of anomalous data in Freud's case study, especially in his evening process notes, suggests a different though tentative and faint form of existence that is more proximally the patient's own, one based on authentic care in the sense of Heidegger. Freud's psychoanalytic treatment ingeniously extends and implements the panoptical social order. However, key modifications of modern discipline embodied in psychoanalysis undermine dehumanization and liberate the patient's subjectivity for a life of responsible action. Freud's interpersonal presence in this case shows such humanizing virtues as openness, respect, strength, mercy, trustworthiness, encouragement, and maternal acceptance at the heart of the therapeutic relationship.
Rilke's "Archaic Torso of Apollo"
Authors: Jager Bernd 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWhat happens when in the midst of the routines of our workaday world we suddenly find ourselves in the presence of someone who regards us with intensity and demands our response? Rilke's poem explores that precise and pregnant moment when an object of scientific investigation, aesthetic contemplation or historical analysis suddenly breaks free from the constraints imposed upon it by a workaday perspective and transforms itself into a subject who beckons us to enter another world. Rilke's "Archaic Torso of Apollo" leads us beyond our mundane and naturalistic concerns, beyond a thinking and doing that seeks to appropriate and masters a natural world.To faithfully follow its meandering thought means to be led to the very source from which springs narration and metaphor. It is from this same source that springs a human world.
The Most Silent of Men: Nietzsche's Other Madness
Authors: Hooke Alexander 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSilence and madness can be likened to irritating cousins. Both introduce questionable or negative elements to the ideals of dialogue and rational communication. Silence can disturb and disrupt the rational pursuit of truth, while madness can noisily provoke a mockery of any meaningful or reciprocal exchange of ideas and thoughts. In the work and life of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, silence and madness highlight more positive features.To study and articulate these features, this paper relies on the central themes of two prominent thinkers, the archaeological and genealogical studies from the late Michel Foucault and the revived forces of phenomenology from American philosopher Alphonso Lingis, to present the case that Nietzsche embraced a late 19th century disorder called the fugue. This disorder, what Ian Hacking calls a transient mental illness, involves nomadic life. Nietzsche exemplified such a life. His writings and experiences comprise a mixture of travels, arts of the self, willful forgetfulness, and a philosophical play with madness. From conventional perspectives, this play is viewed as irrelevant or detrimental to Nietzsche's philosophical importance. From Nietzsche's own perspective, however, this play might be appreciated as a gift from the insights of madness and the enriching contacts with silence.
Altered hypertrophic chondrocyte kinetics in GDF‐5 deficient murine tibial growth plates
Authors: Mikic B. , Clark R. T. , Battaglia T. C. , Gaschen V. , Hunziker E. B. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe growth/differentiation factors (GDFs) are a subgroup of the bone morphogenetic proteins best known for their role in joint formation and chondrogenesis. Mice deficient in one of these signaling proteins, GDF‐5, exhibit numerous skeletal abnormalities, including shortened limb bones. The primary aim of this study was determine whether GDF‐5 deficiency would alter the growth rate in growth plates from the long bones in mice and, if so, how this is achieved. Stereologic and cell kinetic parameters in proximal tibial growth plates from 5‐week‐old female GDF‐5 ‐/‐ mice and control littermates were examined. GDF‐5 deficiency resulted in a statistically significant reduction in growth rate (−14%, p = 0.03). The effect of genotype on growth rate was associated with an altered hypertrophic phase duration, with hypertrophic cells from GDF‐5 deficient mice exhibiting a significantly longer phase duration compared to control littermates (+25%, p = 0.006). These data suggest that one way in which GDF‐5 might modulate the rate of endochondral bone growth could be by affecting the duration of the hypertrophic phase in growth plate chondrocytes. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Legal Status of Religious Minorities: Imāmī Shī'ī Law and Iran's Constitutional Revolution
Authors: Tsadik Daniel 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which the laws of Iran's Constitutional Revolution mark a break with Islam with regard to the legal status of religious minorities as reflected in the writings of some eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Imāmī Shī ī ulamā . Whereas Shī ī law usually treated religious minorities and Shī īs differentially, some—but not all—of the Revolutionary enactments treat religious minorities as the equals of Muslims. I conclude that the legal status of some religious minorities improved only somewhat during the Revolution as compared to their status under Shī ī law. The two-faced nature of the Revolution's enactments echoes the rival forces at work. The controversy over whether religious minorities should be treated as equals was legal in nature, but no less a dispute over the orientation of Iranian society.
X‐irradiation of adult spinal cord increases its capacity to support neurite regeneration in vitro
Authors: Pinjuh Danny , Bedi Kuldip S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPrevious in vitro studies have shown that X‐irradiation during early postnatal life can change the environment of CNS tissue in later adult life such that it becomes more supportive of neurite regeneration from adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons than non‐irradiated tissue. The question arises whether or not x‐irradiation during adult life can alter the CNS environment such that it also becomes more supportive of neurite regeneration. This was investigated by exposing portions of the spinal cord of adult rats to 10, 20 or 40 Gray of X‐irradiation and later using this tissue to prepare cryosections suitable for use as a substrate in a cryoculture assay. Fixed cryocultures were immunolabelled using anti‐glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to visualise the tissue sections and anti‐growth associated protein (GAP‐43) to visualise the regenerating neurites. Tissue sections from sham‐irradiated animals and from those irradiated with 10 Gray did not support the regeneration of neurites. However, sections of spinal cords from rats treated with either 20 or 40 Gray of X‐irradiation 4 or 32 days prior to sampling were found to support a certain degree of neurite regeneration. It is concluded that X‐irradiation of adult CNS tissue can alter its environment such that it becomes more supportive of neurite regeneration and it is speculated that this change may be the result of alterations in the glial cell populations in the post‐irradiated tissues.
A quantitative method to measure maximal workspace of the trapeziometacarpal joint—normal model development
Authors: Kuo Li‐Chieh , Cooney William P. , Kaufman Kenton R. , Chen Qing‐Shan , Su Fong‐Chin , An Kai‐Nan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIntroduction: A reliable and quantitative method for measuring motion of the thumb is lacking. In particular, review of the previous methods of motion analysis of the thumb joints shows that there is no objective method for clinicians to assess the impairment of the thumb trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint. Based on the concept of the three‐dimensional (3‐D) space within which the first metacarpal can move relative to the trapezium (a concept of defining and measuring the workspace of the TMC motion), we present a quantitative method for measuring motion and impairment (loss of function) of the TMC joint.Methods: Twenty normal subjects were recruited in this study. An electromagnetic device was placed over the thumb metacarpal and long finger metacarpal, the 3‐D relationship between them previously established. We measured the position and orientation of the TMC motion in space. Maximum movements of the thumb TMC joint in circumduction, flexion–extension and abduction–adduction were used to construct the 3‐D maximal workspace of the TMC joint. Mathematical methods were used to verify the model and calculate the maximal workspace.Results: The results of this study demonstrate accurate and repeatable measurement of 3‐D TMC motion with high statistical reliability and low variability of the maximal TMC workspace. A statistically significant linear correlation between the maximal surface area and the square of the first metacarpal length was obtained.Conclusion: We conclude that a quantitatively comparative measurement of the range of motion of the TMC joint can be obtained with potential to measure motion in joints affected by arthritis or trauma and measured in both dynamic and static positions of the thumb. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dead Tradition: Joseph Schacht And The Origins Of "Popular Practice"
Authors: Maghen Ze'Ev 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe theories of Joseph Schacht regarding the provenance and development of Islamic jurisprudence have been as widely criticized as they have been deeply influential. Schacht's detractors have, for the most part, taken issue with his modern version of intiqād al-rijāl (criticism of hadīth transmitters), by means of which he claimed to turn the previously accepted chronology of early Islamic legal evolution - Allāh→Muhammad→Companions→Followers→fiqh —on its head. However, neither critics nor supporters of Schacht are wont to inquire into a more fundamental question: if prophetic exempla and scriptural dicta are, on Schacht's view, only secondary contributors to the formation of sharī a, what then is the ultimate source of the "living tradition" and "popular practice" to which he assigns the primary role in that enterprise? This essay attempts to elicit a straightforward answer to that question from Schacht's elusive writings on the subject, and then puts that answer to the test with the help of two of the rare instances in which Schacht commits himself on this score regarding specific legal issues.
Reduction in injury rates in nursing personnel through introduction of mechanical lifts in the workplace
Authors: Evanoff B. , Wolf L. , Aton E. , Canos J. , Collins James 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers incur frequent injuries resulting from patient transfer and handling tasks. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of mechanical lifts in preventing injuries and time loss due to these injuries.MethodsWe examined injury and lost workday rates before and after the introduction of mechanical lifts in acute care hospitals and long‐term care (LTC) facilities, and surveyed workers regarding lift use.ResultsThe post‐intervention period showed decreased rates of musculoskeletal injuries (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–1.00), lost workday injuries (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41–0.78), and total lost days due to injury (RR = 0.42). Larger reductions were seen in LTC facilities than in hospitals. Self‐reported frequency of lift use by registered nurses and by nursing aides were higher in the LTC facilities than in acute care hospitals. Observed reductions in injury and lost day injury rates were greater on nursing units that reported greater use of the lifts.ConclusionsImpglementation of patient lifts can be effective in reducing occupational musculoskeletal injuries to nursing personnel in both LTC and acute care settings. Strategies to facilitate greater use of mechanical lifting devices should be explored, as further reductions in injuries may be possible with increased use. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:451–457, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposing the “Myth” of ABC, “Anything But Chrysotile”: A critique of the Canadian asbestos mining industry and McGill University chrysotile studies
Authors: Egilman David , Fehnel Corey , Bohme Susanna Rankin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundBeginning in the 1930s, the Canadian asbestos industry created and advanced the idea that chrysotile asbestos is safer than asbestos of other fiber types.MethodsWe critically evaluate published and unpublished studies funded by the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association (QAMA) and performed by researchers at McGill University.ResultsQAMA‐funded researchers put forth several myths purporting that Quebec‐mined chrysotile was harmless, and contended that the contamination of chrysotile with oils, tremolite, or crocidolite was the source of occupational health risk. In addition, QAMA‐funded researchers manipulated data and used unsound sampling and analysis techniques to back up their contention that chrysotile was “essentially innocuous.”ConclusionsThese studies were used to promote the marketing and sales of asbestos, and have had a substantial effect on policy and occupational health litigation. Asbestos manufacturing companies and the Canadian government continue to use them to promote the use of asbestos in Europe and in developing countries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:540–557, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downsizing and health at the United States Department of Energy
Authors: Pepper Lewis , Messinger Miriam , Weinberg Janice , Campbell Richard 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBackgroundDownsizing and reorganization not only affect workers who lose their jobs, but even workers who retain their jobs are affected in negative ways. The present study measured how downsizing was accomplished at five Department of Energy facilities by evaluating communication with workers, perceived fairness of the process, and job characteristics, and how each of these were associated with worker health and well‐being.MethodsThe researchers collected quantitative data using structured surveys, and captured qualitative data using interviews, focus groups, and open‐ended survey responses.ResultsEmployees, who felt that the downsizing process was fair, and that communication was open and honest, reported fewer medical symptoms, lower survivor syndrome, and more job security than their counterparts. Employees who were less immediately impacted by downsizing reported fewer medical symptoms than those who were more directly involved (e.g., delivered layoff notices, changed jobs, etc.) Thus, downsizing appears to affect the health of survivors, through the effects of the downsizing process.ConclusionThis examination of the effect of downsizing on the physical and mental health of surviving employees supports the conclusion that the impact of downsizing is not limited to those who lose their jobs and highlights the potential repercussions of downsizing on the emotional health of employees. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:481–491, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.