bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tests for Change in a Mean Function when the Data are Dependent
Authors: Kim Jaehee H. , Hart Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2003

Detecting changes in the mean of a stochastic process is important in many areas, including quality control. We develop powerful omnibus tests for the null hypothesis that the underlying mean is constant. The proposed tests can be applied to test for any kind of change, whether it be abrupt, smooth or cyclical. Nonparametric function estimation techniques are used in deriving these tests. The test statistics are derived from a Fourier series smoother that minimizes an estimate of mean integrated squared error.An important example of correlated data is that arising from a stationary time series. To obtain a valid test of mean constancy, it is necessary to estimate the spectrum of the error process, and we consider various methods of doing this. We have found that, in the case of an AR(1) model, the spectrum is well estimated if local linear smoothing is used in conjunction with generalized least squares. A power study of the proposed tests is done by simulation when the errors follow an AR(1) model, and the tests are applied to a set of astronomy data.
A Note on the Stability of Lognormal Interest Rate Models and the Pricing of Eurodollar Futures
Authors: Sandmann Klaus , Sondermann Dieter 
Published: March 2003

The lognormal distribution assumption for the term structure of interest is the most natural way to exclude negative spot and forward rates. However, imposing this assumption on the continuously compounded interest rate has a serious drawback: rates explode and expected rollover returns are infinite even if the rollover period is arbitrarily short. As a consequence, such models cannot price one of the most widely used hedging instruments on the Euromoney market, namely the Eurodollar futures contract.The purpose of this note is to show that the problems with lognormal models result from modeling the wrong rate, namely the continuously compounded rate. If instead one models the effective annual rate these problems disappear.
Pluralism, Public Choice, and the State in the Emerging Paradigm in Health Systems
Authors: Chernichovsky Dov 
Published: March 2003

The conceptualization of medicine as a unique field of endeavor is swiftly changing, and the change involves complex social and technological factors. The concept of “medicine” is dynamic: the range of ailments dealt with by medical care changes, as does the range of therapeutic options. In addition, with the growth in income and education, consumers—especially those in the middle‐ and upper‐income brackets who are self‐reliant and stress individualism—expect an increasing diversity of medical care and ins‐titutions to supply it (Antonovsky 1987; Schneider, Dennerlein, Kose, et al. 1992; Williams and Calnan 1996). Hence, the character of the product or service offered and demanded is becoming more difficult to determine, especially in socioeconomically advanced communities.In developed nations, the absence of a correlation between a country's expenditures on medical care and the population's health as measured by morbidity and mortality complicates the issue further, since the association between health and the level of investment in medical care is not always as might be expected (OECD 1990).
The Estimation of Risk‐premium Implicit in Oil Prices
Authors: Luís Jorge Barros 
Published: March 2003

The futures price can be seen as the sum of the expected value of the underlying asset price and a risk‐premium. In order to disentangle these two components of the futures price, one can try to model the relationship between spot and futures prices, in order to obtain a closed expression for the risk‐premium, or to use information from spot and option prices to estimate risk‐aversion functions. Given the high volatility of the ratios between futures and spot prices, we opted for the latter, estimating risk‐neutral and subjective probability density functions, respectively, from observed option and spot prices.Looking at the prices of Brent and West Texas Intermediate light/sweet crude oil options, the obtained evidence suggests that risk‐aversion is typically very low for levels near the futures prices. However, due to price volatility and, consequently, to the tails of distribution, the risk‐aversion functions are badly behaved in extreme prices and futures prices do not anticipate sharp movements in oil spot prices. Therefore, futures oil prices seem to be useful in forecasting spot prices only when moderate price changes occur.
Inflow Composition, Duration Dependence and their Impact on the Unemployment Outflow Rate*
Authors: Turon Hélène 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents estimates of the components of the dynamics of the unemployment outflow rate with British data. We allow both the composition of the inflow and individual duration dependence to vary over the business cycle. We find the inflow composition to be strongly countercyclical. Individual exit rates are found to be substatntially more sensitive to the business cycle than previously thought and than the average exit rate fluctuations suggest. Cyclical variations in duration dependence are not significant.With our estimates, fluctuations in the average exit rate out of the first year of unemployment are mainly accounted for by variations of individual exit rates, variation of inflow composition, and variation in the inflow level combined with the duration dependence phenomenon.
The Will of Richard of Elmham (d. 1228)
Authors: Vincent Nicholas 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The will of Richard of Elmham, canon of St. Martin‐le‐Grand London and a clerk active on the fringes of the royal court, throws light on Richard's family circle, his comparative degree of wealth and his relations with such leading courtiers as the justiciars, Geoffrey fitz Peter and Peter des Roches. It is possible that Richard was one of the chancery scribes of King Henry III. Certainly, he enjoyed close relations with the king's chancellor Richard Marsh and with the family of chancellor Ralph de Neville.
New Light on the Cadiz Expedition of 1596
Authors: Hammer Paul E. J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Using an account which had previously been unrecognized among the Yelverton MSS, in the British Library, this article adds new detail to our understanding of the Cadiz expedition of 1596. Written from aboard the earl of Essex's flagship, Due Repulse, the new account of the voyage provides a counterpoint to the well‐known narrative written by Dr. Marbeck from aboard the lord admiral's ship, Ark Royal. This article also describes an apparent reconnaissance map of Cadiz and considers some of the intelligence‐gathering which paved the way for Anglo‐Dutch forces to attack the city.
The Last Refuge of a Scoundrel: Sir Richard Greville and Cornish Particularism, 1644–6*
Authors: Stoyle M. J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article re‐examines the wartime career of the Cornish royalist leader Sir Richard Grenville (1600–59). Drawing on a wide range of contemporary documents and pamphlets, it not only provides new evidence of the brutality which Sir Richard exhibited towards prisoners, but also reveals how he attempted to make use of Cornish particularist sentiment in order to recruit his forces and bolster his own position within the royalist hierarchy. The article emphasizes the extent to which the Civil War in the South‐West possessed an ethnic dimension, and concludes that Cornwall merits greater consideration within the new ‘British’ historiography.
William Penn and Jacobitism: a Smoking Gun?
Authors: Geiter Mary K. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article seeks to resolve the controversy over whether or not William Penn, Quaker leader and founder of Pennsylvania, was actively involved in the attempted restoration of James II to the English throne. Until now Penn's implication could be explained away for lack of direct evidence. With the discovery of the deposition at the end of this article the link between Penn and other leading Jacobite conspirators can now be firmly established.
‘A woman's life in other ages’, by Arnold J. Toynbee, with an editorial introduction*
Authors: Corfield Penelope J. , Ferrari Paolo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The historian Arnold Toynbee's characteristic breadth is shown in his 1969 essay on women in history – here published in English for the first time. Setting himself the question: when was the best time for women to live? Toynbee did not plump for modern times. Legal right was not the only criterion. After reviewing many cultures, Toynbee concluded that the ‘black day for women’ occurred long ago, when agricultural technology shifted from the female-wielded hoe to the male-directed plough. The editorial introduction puts Toynbee's essay in the context of his own work and the continuing debates about women in history.
Civilizing the English? The English histories of William of Malmesbury and David Hume*
Authors: Gillingham John 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article has two inter-related arguments: first, that in terms of its themes and approaches William of Malmesbury's Deeds of the Kings of the English bears comparison with David Hume's History of England; second, that in twelfth-century England the notion of a civilizing process, including the idea of socio-economic stages of development, was at least as prevalent as in ‘early modern’ England
Winston Churchill's image of France and the French
Authors: Bédarida François 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Although fascinated by France all his life, Churchill was more familiar with the country than with its inhabitants (he mainly knew members of the upper and governing classes). His apprenticeship began early as he learned the language which he liked to speak so much. Both the warrior and the statesman in Churchill admired the military past and the grandeur of Britain's neighbour, but his strategy towards France always combined realpolitik with genuine friendship. This article concentrates on three periods in Churchill's relationship with France: 1911–32, 1933–45 and 1945–55. It concludes that Churchill's ‘finest hour’ won him the lasting admiration of the French people.
The English political model in eighteenth-century France*
Authors: Dziembowski Edmond 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article, based on French archives and political pamphlets, challenges the traditional assumption that political anglophilia in France was limited to intellectual or opposition circles. During the Seven Years’ War, French official propaganda changed its strategy. Ministerial writers gave information on British politics by publishing translations of English pamphlets or newspapers. An official model even appeared at the end of the war, praising British patriotism. However, during the last decades of the ancien re??gime, radicalism tarnished England's reputation, foreshadowing the failure in 1789 of a political solution inspired by the English.
Gladstone, gossip and the post-war generation
Authors: Gardiner John P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
This article is a case-study of the reputation of W. E. Gladstone at a time when it is often suggested that eminent Victorians were subject to widespread denigration. Drawing upon archival material relating to the way in which Gladstone's family sought to protect and promote his memory in the post-war period, it argues that in tandem with an enduring public respect for his reputation, gossipmongering failed to diminish his stature. This has important implications for the ways in which post-war society related to the lives of eminent Victorians and to the past more generally.
The Videotaped Addiction Challenge Tool: a new instrument for qualitative substance abuse assessment, treatment planning and research in therapeutic communities
Authors: Broekaert Eric , Soyez Veerle , Vanderpasschen Wouter , Vandervelde Dirk , Bradt Rik , Morival Marc , Kaplan Charles 
Published: March 2003

This article describes the different phases of the development and implementation of the Videotaped Addiction Challenge Tool (VACT, initially termed the Video Addiction Challenge Test). This instrument employs a video depicting the `average life‐story' of a resident of a Therapeutic Community for substance abusers. The video film is used as a clinical method for assessment and individual treatment planning, and as a research instrument that gives care‐givers a deeper insight into the residents' personal characteristics and treatment requirements at any given moment in the Therapeutic Community.The article reports the results of administering the VACT to 38 residents (31 male and 7 female) at the De Kiem Therapeutic Community in Belgium. Detailed description of the procedure and its principles assures reliability and makes accurate reproduction possible. The validity of the instrument was tested by comparing, characteristic by characteristic, the results of the VACT, life‐story and social anamnesis. The correspondence between the VACT and the life‐story was 94% and between the VACT and the social anamnesis, 98%. The VACT has also contributed new information not measured by other instruments. Content analysis of this information shows that TC residents are characterised by negative communication between parents, negative communication with father, an unhappy childhood, child maltreatment or abuse, and relational problems due to drug abuse. Residents reported feelings of inferiority and suicidal thoughts and/or suicide attempts. Many new residents also reported sexually related problems such as abortion, sexual abuse, prostitution and shyness. There were no specific female problems; men reported sexual abuse as often as women. The implementation of this new instrument leads to a more methodical approach. It is, however, also more time‐consuming and can be a problem for staff who tend to give priority to immediate action and direct problem‐solving.
Assessing an electronic performance support system for the analysis of jobs and tasks
Authors: Bastiaens Theo J 
Published: March 2003

In this research project the concept of ‘Electronic Performance Support Systems’ will be introduced. An Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS) is an integrated computerised environment that supports and occasionally monitors employees while doing their jobs. In general an EPSS contains the following four components: tools (to perform a job), information (needed to do the job correctly), advice (for the difficultparts of the job) and training (to extend the employees knowledge and skills). In this study the effectiveness of an EPSS for instructional designers is reported.
‘Fourth World’ Cities in the Global Economy: The Case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Shatkin Gavin 
Published: March 2003

While globalization is often perceived to present opportunities for developing countries as a result of the relocation of industry and the development of a new international division of labor, the least developed countries (LDCs) have for the most part experienced declining shares of global trade and investment. This has led some to characterize such ‘fourth world’ countries as ‘structurally irrelevant’ to global capital accumulation, and to infer that patterns of urbanization in LDCs are largely unaffected by globalization. Yet a number of aspects of the global economy have important implications for cities in LDCs, including increased international economic interaction, rapid technological change, changes in regional economies, and the increased influence of transnational organizations. This paper explores the impact of these phenomena in the context of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, a city in an LDC that has experienced major socio‐economic and spatial change as a result of increased interaction with the global economy.Bien qu’il soit souvent présumé que la globalisation offre aux pays en voie de développement des opportunités provenant d’un transfer de l’industrie et du développement d’une nouvelle division internationale du travail, le commerce et l’investissement globaux sont en déclin dans la plupart des pays les moins développés. Certains analystes en ont déduit que de tels pays du ‘Quatrième Monde’ n’ont ‘structurellement aucun rapport’ avec l’accumulation globale du capital, et que les modèles d’urbanisation de ces pays sont peu touchés par la globalisation. Néanmoins certains aspects de cette globalisation ont des implications importantes pour les villes dans les pays les moins développés, y compris une interaction économique internationale accrue, des changements technologiques rapides, des changements dans les économies régionales, et l’influence grandissante des organisations transnationales. Cet article discute l’effet de ces phénomènes dans le contexte de Pnom Penh au Cambodge, une ville d’un pays les moins développés qui a éprouvé des changements sociaux et économiques majeurs produits par une interaction croissante avec l’économie globale.
‘This is a lot like the Bronx, isn’t it?’ Lived experiences of marginality in an Argentine slum
Authors: Auyero Javier 
Published: March 2003

Based on life‐stories, in‐depth interviews and informal conversations, this article focuses on the lived experiences of the inhabitants of a slum in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The first part of the article explores the political‐economic context of deepening marginalization of the slum population in contemporary Argentina, paying special attention to the mutually reinforcing processes of massification of under‐ and unemployment, impoverishment and state retrenchment. The second part of the article analyses the impact of such increasing marginalization on the lived experiences of slum‐dwellers in Villa Paraiso. In particular, it focuses on (a) the dominant antagonisms that divide the residents of this destitute neighbourhood; and (b) the feeling of social isolation and abandonment that pervades much of the reality of slum‐dwellers. The article finds some experiential similarities between slum‐dwellers in Argentina and residents of other enclaves of urban poverty in advanced societies.A partir d'histoires de vie, des entrevues en profondeur et des conversations informelles, cet article a pour objet les expériences vécues des habitants des taudis de Buenos‐Aires en Argentine. La première partie de l'article explore le contexte socio‐politique de marginalisation croissante des habitants des taudis dans l'Argentine contemporaine, attirant particulièrement l'attention sur les processus de massification, de sous‐emploi et de chômage, d'appauvrissement et de retrait de l'état qui se renforcent mutuellement. La seconde partie de l'article analyse l'impact que cette marginalisation grandissante a sur l'expérience des habitants des taudis de Villa Paraiso. Il examine en particulier (a) les antagonismes dominants qui divisent les résidents de ce quartier sans ressources et (b) l'impression d'isolation sociale et d'abandonnement qui imprègne une bonne part de la réalité des habitants de taudis. L'article met en evidence certaines similarités entre les expériences des habitants de taudis en Argentine et les résidents d'autres enclaves de pauvreté urbaine dans les sociétés avancées.
The Crisis of the National Spatio‐Temporal Fix and the Tendential Ecological Dominance of Globalizing Capitalism
Authors: Jessop Bob 
Published: March 2003

This article develops a heterodox, strategic‐relational approach to globalization. This is seen as a multi‐scalar, multi‐temporal, multi‐centric process, involving new forms of time‐space distantiation and compression. As such, it is just one face of a complex re‐scaling of social processes which can also be interpreted from other scalar viewpoints, such as localization, regionalization or triadization. Five interrelated issues are then addressed: (1) the structural and strategic dimensions of globalization seen in temporal as well as spatial terms; (2) the role of globalization, especially in its neoliberal form, in enhancing the ecological dominance of the capitalist economy, i.e. in enhancing the relative primacy of the capital relation in an emerging world society; (3) the significance of the global scale for capitalist reorganization and its links to other scales of activity ?? especially given the relativization of scale rooted in the erosion of the national spatio‐temporal fix associated with Atlantic Fordism; (4) the impact of the new scalar dynamics of globalizing capitalism on the relative primacy and forms of appearance of capital's inherent contradictions and dilemmas and the problems that this poses for a re‐regularization of capital accumulation on a global scale; and (5) the implications of globalization for the state and politics.Cet article développe une approche hétérodoxe stratégico‐relationnelle de la mondialisation. Celle‐ci est vue comme un processus à la fois multi‐scalaire, multi‐temporel et multi‐centré, impliquant de nouvelles formes de distanciation et de compression temps‐espace. Il ne s'agit là que d'un seul aspect d'une complexe remise à l'échelle de processus sociaux — qui peuvent Átre interprétés à partir d'autres perspectives scalaires, telles que localisation, régionalisation et triadisation. L'auteur s'attache ensuite à cinq points imbriqués: (1) les dimensions structurelles et stratégiques d'une mondialisation observée en termes de temps et d'espace; (2) le rôle de la mondialisation, notamment sous sa forme néolibérale, dans l'accentuation de la dominance écologique de l'économie capitaliste, autrement dit dans la progression de la prépondérance relative du lien au capital dans une société mondiale émergente; (3) l'importance de l'échelle mondiale dans la réorganisation capitaliste et ses rapports avec d'autres échelles d'activité— compte tenu notamment de la relativisation d'échelle enracinée dans l'érosion de la position spatio‐temporelle nationale associée au fordisme atlantique; (4) l'incidence des nouvelles dynamiques d'échelle du capitalisme mondialisateur sur la prédominance relative et les formes d'émergence des contradictions et dilemmes inhérents au capital, ainsi que les problàmes qui en découlent vis‐à‐vis d'une re‐régularisation de l'accumulation du capital à une échelle planétaire; et (5) les implications de la mondialisation pour lÉtat et la politique.
Place in product
Authors: Molotch Harvey 
Published: March 2003

Products and commodities take on the qualities of the places from which they come. In their tendency to persist even in the context of geographically homogenizing forces, place differences permeate the artifacts whose creation they stimulate. Through an investigation of industrial design practice, I specify how factors like client referral systems, local art worlds, and the existence of prior physical infrastructure influence the substance of stuff. I also examine processes like migrants’ cultural self–selection, the formation of internal markets, and the nature of the local semiotic. The mechanisms through which such diverse elements combine into a local industrial atmosphere shape not just competitive advantage of one place over another in producing a given artifact, but the nature of goods that can come into existence.Les produits et marchandises revêtent les propriétés de leurs lieux d’origine. Tendant à subsister en dépit des forces d’homogénéisation géographique, les différences entre les lieux imprègnent les objets dont elles stimulent la création. A partir d’une étude sur les pratiques en conception industrielle, l’article établit la façon dont les systèmes de référence des clients, les univers artistiques locaux et l’existence d’une infrastructure matérielle antérieure influent sur l’essence même des choses. Certains processus sont détaillés comme l’auto–sélection culturelle des migrants, la formation de marchés internes et la nature de la sémiotique locale. Les mécanismes qui permettent la combinaison de ces divers éléments en une ‘ambiance’ industrielle locale façonnent non seulement des atouts pour la concurrence entre tel et tel lieux grâce à la production d’un objet spécifique, mais aussi la nature des produits qui peuvent voir le jour.