bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling a Concentrated Solar Collector (CSC) - Convection-Enhanced Evaporation (CEE) System for Small-Scale Brine Management
Authors: Guillen Rodriguez Nallely , Kaddoura Mustafa F. , Wright Natasha C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Desalination is the process of removing salts from a saline water source to obtain fresh water. All desalination processes produce a salt-rich brine. If not disposed of properly, brine can lead to negative environmental consequences. Solar evaporation ponds facilitate its adequate disposal; however, this method requires a large footprint. As an alternative for small-scale desalination plants, a convection-enhanced evaporation (CEE) system has been proposed.
A CEE unit consists of several packed surfaces, distributed by uniform spacing. Brine is injected along the width of the surfaces, forming a liquid thin film. As ambient temperature and relative humidity vary on an hourly and daily basis, a controller is necessary to select the optimal brine injection rate, brine temperature, and air speed that maintains a constant evaporation rate. The optimized operating conditions results in a thermal energy load required to preheat the brine before it enters the evaporation system. This thermal load oscillates in magnitude, as optimal brine inlet temperature varies from less than 1° C up to 90° C, depending on time of the day and year.
In this paper, a model is developed to evaluate the use of a concentrated solar collector (CSC) system for the supply of the CEE system’s thermal energy requirements. The model predicts the performance of the coupled CSC-CEE system in terms of specific energy consumption, solar fraction, and evaporation fraction (relative to the target).
Findings establish that due to the high thermal energy demand of the system, the solar fraction can be relatively low, with values of less than 20% for small collector-tank configurations. However, it was also observed that low solar fractions do not necessarily translate to low evaporation fractions, which can be attributed to the high variability in the magnitude of the hourly heat load, and the fact that a high percentage of the evaporating hours depend exclusively on forced air convection through the CEE system without preheating the brine. Further work is needed to understand the tradeoff in footprint required for the CSC system, CEE system, and any non-evaporated brine storage.
Drilling Holes in CFRP for Aircraft Using CBN Electroplated Ball End Mill Using Helical Interpolation Motion
Authors: Hamamoto Sora , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Fujiwara Kazuna , Taketani Masashi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The demand for carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) has recently increased in various fields. However, few reports consider the wear of machining tools, quality of the machined surface, decrease in the mechanical properties of CFRP by machining temperature, and price of machining tools. Therefore, in this study, we focused on cubic boron nitride (cBN) and developed a novel cBN-electroplated end mill, which can be used to cut and ground without the need for changing tools.
In this study, we used a cBN-electroplated ball-end mill to drill holes in CFRP using a ball-end mill and helical interpolation motion. The laminated carbon fibers are delaminated at the entrance and exit of the hole, with the delamination at the exit side investigated using strain gauges. As a result, we found that surface delamination was reduced by decreasing the axial and tangential feed rates and increasing the cutting speed. The timing of the delamination of the machined hole can be examined by comparing and considering the strain gauge and FEM results.
Platform Hydrodynamic and Structural Control Co-Optimization for the Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Liang Jinbin , Du Xianping , Yi Jianbo , Qian Guowei , Xie Peng , Xu Hongyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The design of floating offshore wind turbines requires a rigorous method for handling the complex multi-systems and multi-physics interactions involved. The traditional method optimizes subsystems of different disciplines sequentially and independently and the control is always implemented at the last step. This neglects the coupling between sub-systems and may miss the global optimum. Control co-design could formulate the plant and control in a single formula for reaching the global optimum. The floating offshore wind turbine is a complex system with the interaction of aerodynamics, structural, hydrodynamics, and control, which causes the difficulty of co-design problem formulation. In this study, a framework for the co-design of platform hydrodynamics and structural control is established using the coupled time-domain simulation. A case study is conducted with the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine and the NAUTILUS-10 semi-submersible platform for demonstration. The platform shapes and tuned mass dampers are co-optimized by establishing and solving a formula with eight design variables under the constraints of power generation and platform stability. An efficient Kriging model-enhanced genetic algorithm solves problems for minimizing platform mass. Compared with the baseline model, the platform mass is reduced with the lowered platform motion, which increased the annual energy production by 2.96%. The time history analysis on rated condition suggests lowered blade tip deflection and rotor thrust. This demonstrates the improvement made by the co-design method under limited numbers of constraints and loading conditions.
Diagnostic accuracy of the 5.07 monofilament test for diabetes polyneuropathy: influence of age, sex, neuropathic pain and neuropathy severity
Authors: Dunker Øystein , Uglem Martin , Bu Kvaløy Marie , Løseth Sissel , Hjelland Ina Elen , Allen Sara Maria , Dehli Vigeland Maria , Kleggetveit Inge Petter , Sand Trond , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThere is a need for simple and cheap diagnostic tools for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the 5.07/10 g monofilament test in patients referred to polyneuropathy assessments, as well as to examine how disease severity, age, sex and neuropathic pain (NP) impact diagnostic accuracy.Research design and methodsFive Norwegian university hospitals recruited patients with diabetes aged 18–70 referred to neurological outpatient clinics for polyneuropathy assessments. The 5.07/10 g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination (SWME) was validated against the Toronto consensus for diagnosing diabetic neuropathies; the results were stratified by age, sex and NP. Disease severity was graded by a combined nerve conduction study (NCS) Z-score, and logistic regression was applied to assess whether disease severity was a predictor of diagnostic accuracy.ResultsIn total, 506 patients were included in the study. Global sensitivity was 0.60 (95% CI 0.55, 0.66), specificity 0.82 (95% CI 0.75, 0.87), positive and negative predictive values were 0.86 (95% CI 0.81, 0.90) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.46, 0.58), respectively, positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.28 (95% CI 2.37, 4.53) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.42, 0.57), respectively. The SWME was less sensitive in females (0.43), had lower specificity in patients with NP (0.56), and performed worse in patients ≥50 years. NCS-based disease severity did not affect diagnostic accuracy (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.95, 1.40).ConclusionsThis multicenter study demonstrates poor diagnostic performance for the 5.07/10 g SWME in patients with diabetes referred to polyneuropathy assessments; it is particularly unsuited for female patients and those with NP. The diagnostic accuracy of the SWME was not influenced by NCS-based disease severity, demonstrating that it does not perform better in patients with later stages of DPN. We do not recommend the use of the 5.07/10 g monofilament in the evaluation of patients with diabetes referred to polyneuropathy assessments.
How do pilot and feasibility studies inform randomised placebo-controlled trials in surgery? A systematic review
Authors: Cousins Sian , Gormley Alexander , Chalmers Katy , Campbell Marion K , Beard David J , Blencowe Natalie S , Blazeby Jane M 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a placebo comparator are considered the gold standard study design when evaluating healthcare interventions. These are challenging to design and deliver in surgery. Guidance recommends pilot and feasibility work to optimise main trial design and conduct; however, the extent to which this occurs in surgery is unknown.MethodA systematic review identified randomised placebo-controlled surgical trials. Articles published from database inception to 31 December 2020 were retrieved from Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE and CENTRAL electronic databases, hand-searching and expert knowledge. Pilot/feasibility work conducted prior to the RCTs was then identified from examining citations and reference lists. Where studies explicitly stated their intent to inform the design and/or conduct of the future main placebo-controlled surgical trial, they were included. Publication type, clinical area, treatment intervention, number of centres, sample size, comparators, aims and text about the invasive placebo intervention were extracted.ResultsFrom 131 placebo surgical RCTs included in the systematic review, 47 potentially eligible pilot/feasibility studies were identified. Of these, four were included as true pilot/feasibility work. Three were original articles, one a conference abstract; three were conducted in orthopaedic surgery and one in oral and maxillofacial surgery. All four included pilot RCTs, with an invasive surgical placebo intervention, randomising 9–49 participants in 1 or 2 centres. They explored the acceptability of recruitment and the invasive placebo intervention to patients and trial personnel, and whether blinding was possible. One study examined the characteristics of the proposed invasive placebo intervention using in-depth interviews.ConclusionPublished studies reporting feasibility/pilot work undertaken to inform main placebo surgical trials are scarce. In view of the difficulties of undertaking placebo surgical trials, it is recommended that pilot/feasibility studies are conducted, and more are reported to share key findings and optimise the design of main RCTs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021287371.
Association of body fat distribution with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults: a secondary analysis using NHANES
Authors: Li Fuhai , Wang Zhi , Li Shaohua , Liu Wenheng , Li Yan , Jiang Chen , Tian Yulong , Cui Weining , Zhang Xuejuan , Zhang Jidong , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of fat and lean mass in speciﬁc regions with all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingUS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2006 and 2011–2018).Participants22 652 US adults aged 20 years or older.ExposuresFat and lean mass in speciﬁc regions obtained from the whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Main outcome measuresAll-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality.ResultsDuring a median of 83 months of follow-up, 1432 deaths were identified. Associations between body composition metrics and mortality risks were evident above specific thresholds. For all-cause mortality, Android fat mass showed elevated HRs above 2.46 kg (HR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.34), while Android lean mass (ALM) had similar trends above 2.75 kg (HR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33), and Android total mass above 5.75 kg (HR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16). Conversely, lower HRs were observed below certain thresholds: Gynoid fat mass (GFM) below 3.71 kg (HR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.93), Gynoid lean mass below 6.44 kg (HR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.92), and Gynoid total mass below 11.78 kg (HR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.84). Notably, below 0.722 kg, the HR of visceral adipose tissue mass (VATM) was 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.48) for all-cause mortality, and above 3.18 kg, the HR of total abdominal fat mass was 2.41 (95% CI 1.15 to 5.05). Cardiovascular-related mortality exhibited associations as well, particularly for Android fat mass (AFM) above 1.78 kg (HR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) and below 7.16 kg (HR: 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69). HRs varied for Gynoid total mass below and above 10.98 kg (HRs: 0.70, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.93, and 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23). Android per cent fat, subcutaneous fat mass (SFM), AFM/GFM, and VATM/SFM were not statistically associated with all-cause mortality. Android per cent fat, Gynoid per cent fat, AFM/GFM, and VATM/SFM were not statistically associated with cardiovascular-related mortality. Conicity index showed that the ALM/GLM had the highest performance for all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality with AUCs of 0.785, and 0.746, respectively.ConclusionsThe relationship between fat or lean mass and all-cause mortality varies by region. Fat mass was positively correlated with cardiovascular mortality, regardless of the region in which they located. ALM/GLM might be a better predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality than other body components or body mass index.
WHY STOP? A prospective observational vignette-based study to determine the cognitive-behavioural effects of rapid diagnostic PCR-based point-of-care test results on antibiotic cessation in ICU infections
Authors: Singh Suveer , Nurek Martine , Mason Sonia , Moore Luke SP , Mughal Nabeela , Vizcaychipi Marcela P 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesPoint-of-care tests (POCTs) for infection offer accurate rapid diagnostics but do not consistently improve antibiotic stewardship (ASP) of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. We aimed to measure the effect of a negative PCR-POCT result on intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians’ antibiotic decisions and the additional effects of patient trajectory and cognitive-behavioural factors (clinician intuition, dis/interest in POCT, risk averseness).DesignObservational cohort simulation study.SettingICU.Participants70 ICU consultants/trainees working in UK-based teaching hospitals.MethodsClinicians saw four case vignettes describing patients who had completed a course of antibiotics for respiratory infection. Vignettes comprised clinical and biological data (ie, white cell count, C reactive protein), varied to create four trajectories: clinico-biological improvement (the ‘improvement’ case), clinico-biological worsening (‘worsening’), clinical improvement/biological worsening (‘discordant clin better’), clinical worsening/biological improvement (‘discordant clin worse’). Based on this, clinicians made an initial antibiotics decision (stop/continue) and rated confidence (6-point Likert scale). A PCR-based POCT was then offered, which clinicians could accept or decline. All clinicians (including those who declined) were shown the result, which was negative. Clinicians updated their antibiotics decision and confidence.MeasuresAntibiotics decisions and confidence were compared pre-POCT versus post-POCT, per vignette.ResultsA negative POCT result increased the proportion of stop decisions (54% pre-POCT vs 70% post-POCT, χ2(1)=25.82, p<0.001, w=0.32) in all vignettes except improvement (already high), most notably in discordant clin worse (49% pre-POCT vs 74% post-POCT). In a linear regression, factors that significantly reduced clinicians’ inclination to stop antibiotics were a worsening trajectory (b=−0.73 (−1.33, –0.14), p=0.015), initial confidence in continuing (b=0.66 (0.56, 0.76), p<0.001) and involuntary receipt of POCT results (clinicians who accepted the POCT were more inclined to stop than clinicians who declined it, b=1.30 (0.58, 2.02), p<0.001). Clinician risk averseness was not found to influence antibiotic decisions (b=−0.01 (−0.12, 0.10), p=0.872).ConclusionsA negative PCR-POCT result can encourage antibiotic cessation in ICU, notably in cases of clinical worsening (where the inclination might otherwise be to continue). This effect may be reduced by high clinician confidence to continue and/or disinterest in POCT, perhaps due to low trust/perceived utility. Such cognitive-behavioural and trajectorial factors warrant greater consideration in future ASP study design.
Sustainable development goals and multisectoral collaborations for child health in Cambodia: a qualitative interview study with key child health stakeholders
Authors: Helldén Daniel , Sok Serey , Chea Thy , Nordenstedt Helena , Kuruvilla Shyama , Alvesson Helle Mölsted , Alfvén Tobias 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesMultisectoral collaboration highlighted as key in delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but still little is known on how to move from rhetoric to action. Cambodia has made remarkable progress on child health over the last decades with multisectoral collaborations being a key success factor. However, it is not known how country stakeholders perceive child health in the context of the SDGs or multisectoral collaborations for child health in Cambodia.Design, settings and participantsThrough purposive sampling, we conducted semistructured interviews with 29 key child health stakeholders from a range of government and non-governmental organisations in Cambodia. Guided by framework analysis, themes, subthemes and categories were derived.ResultsWe found that the adoption of the SDGs led to increased possibility for action and higher ambitions for child health in Cambodia, while simultaneously establishing child health as a multisectoral issue among key child stakeholders. There seems to be a discrepancy between the desired step-by-step theory of conducting multisectoral collaboration and the real-world complexities including funding and power dynamics that heavily influence the process of collaboration. Identified success factors for multisectoral collaborations included having clear responsibilities, leadership from all and trust among stakeholders while the major obstacle found was lack of sustainable funding.ConclusionThe findings from this in-depth multistakeholder study can inform policy-makers and practitioners in other countries on the theoretical and practical process as well as influencing aspects that shape multisectoral collaborations in general and for child health specifically. This is vital if multisectoral collaborations are to be successfully leveraged to accelerate the work towards achieving better child health in the era of the SDGs.
Exploring the outcomes of research engagement using the observation method in an online setting
Authors: Marshall Deborah A , Suryaprakash Nitya , Lavallee Danielle C , Barker Karis L , Mackean Gail , Zelinsky Sandra , McCarron Tamara L , Santana Maria J , Moayyedi Paul , Bryan Stirling 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the outcomes of research engagement (patient engagement, PE) in the context of qualitative research.DesignWe observed engagement in two groups comprised of patients, clinicians and researchers tasked with conducting a qualitative preference exploration project in inflammatory bowel disease. One group was led by a patient research partner (PLG, partner led group) and the other by an academic researcher (RLG, researcher led group). A semistructured guide and a set of critical outcomes of research engagement were used as a framework to ground our analysis.SettingThe study was conducted online.ParticipantsPatient research partners (n=5), researchers (n=5) and clinicians (n=4) participated in this study.Main outcome measuresTranscripts of meetings, descriptive and reflective observation data of engagement during meetings and email correspondence between group members were analysed to identify the outcomes of PE.ResultsBoth projects were patient-centred, collaborative, meaningful, rigorous, adaptable, ethical, legitimate, understandable, feasible, timely and sustainable. Patient research partners (PRPs) in both groups wore dual hats as patients and researchers and influenced project decisions wearing both hats. They took on advisory and operational roles. Collaboration seemed easier in the PLG than in the RLG. The RLG PRPs spent more time than their counterparts in the PLG sharing their experience with biologics and helping their group identify a meaningful project question. A formal literature review informed the design, project materials and analysis in the RLG, while the formal review informed the project materials and analysis in the PLG. A PRP in the RLG and the PLG lead leveraged personal connections to facilitate recruitment. The outcomes of both projects were meaningful to all members of the groups.ConclusionsOur findings show that engagement of PRPs in research has a positive influence on the project design and delivery in the context of qualitative research in both the patient-led and researcher-led group.
Telenursing practice in the care of surgical cancer patients: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mozer Carla Aparecida do Nascimento , Gonçalves Juliana do Carmo , dos Santos Lucyara Silvares , Furieri Lorena Barros , Fioresi Mirian 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionTelenursing is a component of telehealth that occurs when nurses use information and communication technologies to provide care and nursing services remotely. To understand how telenursing services in surgical oncology patients can be better implemented, it is important that the success models are collected and studied. Therefore, the general objective is to develop the scoping review protocol for the survey of existing evidence on the practice of oncological perioperative telenursing.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be conducted following the scoping review directions of the Joanna Briggs Institute with the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist for the review report. The databases that will be used for these searches will be: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library. To search for grey literature, Google Scholar, WorldWideScience and Global ETD Search will be used. Primary studies, observational or experimental, published in any year or language will be considered. For the selection and extraction of data, two independent reviewers will read the title, summary and full text using the Rayyan software and a form prepared by the authors. The data to be extracted are related to the characterisation of the study (study design, country and year of publication) and details of the telenursing programme (surgery or surgical specialty, perioperative period, tools used, organisation and operation, outcome indicators and treatment methods and content in telenursing). Among others, the difficulties and potentialities for the development or implementation of telenursing will also be extracted, as the main result of the study.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require ethical approval as it will use previously published research data. The results will be shared in journals and scientific events and may be used for the development and implementation of oncological perioperative telenursing programmes.