bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Explanations in Physics: History, Scope, and Limits
Authors: Falkenburg Brigitte 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the scientific revolutions of the twentieth century, mechanistic explanations show a striking methodological continuity from early modern science to current scientific practice. They are rooted in the traditional method of analysis and synthesis, which was the background of Galileo’s resolutive-compositive method and Newton’s method of deduction from the phenomena. In early modern science as well as in current scientific practice, analysis aims at tracking back from the phenomena to the principles, i.e., from wholes to parts, and from effects to causes. Vice versa, synthesis aims at explaining the phenomena from the parts and their interactions. Today, mechanistic explanations are atomistic in a generalized sense. They have in common to explain higher-level phenomena in terms of lower-level components and their causal actions or activities. In quantum physics, the lower-level components are subatomic particles, and the causes are their quantum interactions. After the quantum revolution, the approach continues to work in terms of the sum rules which hold for conserved properties of the parts and the whole. My paper focuses on the successes and limitations of this approach, with a side glance at the recent generalization of mechanistic explanations in cognitive neuroscience.
The Mechanisms of Emergence
Authors: Glennan Stuart 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmergentism is often imagined to be opposed to mechanism. If some phenomenon admits of mechanistic explanation, it is thought to be ipso facto not emergent. In this paper I argue to the contrary that emergence requires mechanism. Whenever some emergent phenomenon occurs, there is a mechanism responsible for its emergence. To make this case I show how mechanisms can explain four commonly held characteristics of emergent phenomena – dependence, autonomy, novelty and holism. By looking at the various kinds of emergence-generating mechanisms, it will be possible to classify different kinds of emergent phenomena by the particular features of the mechanisms that generate them, and so to bring some order to diversity of phenomena that we call emergent.
Different Types of Mechanistic Explanation and Their Ontological Implications
Authors: Krickel Beate 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOne assumption of the new mechanistic approach is that there are two kinds of mechanistic explanations: etiological and constitutive ones. While the former explain phenomena in terms of their preceding causes, the latter are supposed to refer to mechanisms that constitute phenomena. Based on arguments by Kaiser and Krickel (Br J Philos Sci 68(3):745–779, 2017) and Krickel (The mechanical world, vol. 13, Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03629-4, 2018), I will show that this view is too narrow. Indeed, three different types of explanation are usually subsumed under the label “constitutive explanation”. However, one of those types of explanation is not a version of constitutive explanation. Rather it is a variant of etiological explanation. As a result, I will show that there are four types of mechanistic explanation, two variants of etiological explanation—which I will call output mechanistic explanations and input-output mechanistic explanations—and two variants of constitutive explanation—which I will call filler mechanistic explanations and dimensioned mechanistic explanations. Keeping these apart is crucial as they come with different ontological implications. An evaluation of the mechanistic approach regarding its stance on reduction, levels, and interlevel causation crucially depends on which notion of mechanistic explanation one has in mind.
Multiplicity results for generalized quasilinear critical Schrödinger equations in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$
Authors: Baldelli Laura , Filippucci Roberta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMultiplicity results are proved for solutions both with positive and negative energy, as well as nonexistence results, of a generalized quasilinear Schrödinger potential free equation in the entire $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

involving a nonlinearity which combines a power-type term at a critical level with a subcritical term, both with weights. The equation has been derived from models of several physical phenomena such as superfluid film in plasma physics as well as the self-channelling of a high-power ultra-short laser in matter. Proof techniques, also in the symmetric setting, are based on variational tools, including concentration compactness principles, to overcome lack of compactness, and the use of a change of variable in order to deal with a well defined functional.
Determinanten der Inanspruchnahme der Krebsfrüherkennung von älteren Erwachsenen in Sachsen-Anhalt – Welchen Einfluss hat die Gesundheitskompetenz auf die Inanspruchnahme?
Authors: Kannengießer Lena , Ulbrich Ruben , Hasenpusch Claudia , Hrudey Ilona , Walter Svenja , Stallmann Christoph , Swart Enno , March Stefanie 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Um Gesundheit und damit gesellschaftliche Teilhabe zu erhalten, ist es für ältere Menschen bedeutsam, informierte gesundheitsrelevante Entscheidungen zu treffen, wie solche zur Inanspruchnahme einer Sekundärpräventionsleistung wie der Krebsfrüherkennungsuntersuchung (KFU). Nationale und internationale Studien zeigen, dass verschiedene Prädiktoren die KFU-Teilnahme bedingen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die KFU-Inanspruchnahme älterer Personen in einer strukturschwachen Region zu eruieren.

Methoden
2021 wurden im Rahmen einer Querschnitterhebung in je 2 städtisch und ländlich geprägten Gemeinden Sachsen-Anhalts Personen ab 55 Jahren zu Determinanten, Gründen und Barrieren der Inanspruchnahme von Präventionsleistungen befragt (n = 954). Mittels binär-logistischer Regression werden Determinanten der Inanspruchnahme von KFU analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Drei Viertel der Studienpopulation (76,6 %) nahmen nach eigenen Angaben mindestens einmal eine Leistung der Krebsfrüherkennung in Anspruch. Die multivariablen Analysen verdeutlichen maßgebliche Einflussfaktoren für eine Inanspruchnahme von KFU. Dazu gehören das Alter, partiell das Wissen über KFU, die KFU als Leistung eines Bonusprogramms der Krankenkasse, Erfahrungen mit Krebserkrankungen im engeren Umfeld, die Gedanken über die eigene Gesundheit sowie das sichere Gefühl, welches eine Teilnahme verleiht. Deskriptiv ist die ärztliche Empfehlung der stärkste Beweggrund für eine Teilnahme.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Analysen zeigen, dass die KFU im Allgemeinen von älteren Erwachsenen in Sachsen-Anhalt gut angenommen werden, die Teilnahme an diesen aber nicht mit der Gesundheitskompetenz zusammenhängt. Im Sinne des Nationalen Krebsplans sollten ältere Personen grundsätzlich bei einer informierten Entscheidung unterstützt werden, bspw. durch zielgruppengerechte ärztliche Aufklärung.
Improving hybrid rice breeding programs via stochastic simulations: number of parents, number of hybrids, tester update, and genomic prediction of hybrid performance
Authors: Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Ali Jauhar , De Asis Erik Jon , Allahgholipour Mehrzad , Labroo Marlee Rose 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Key message
Schemes that use genomic prediction outperform others, updating testers increases hybrid genetic gain, and larger population sizes tend to have higher genetic gain and less depletion of genetic variance

Abstract
One of the most common methods to improve hybrid performance is reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS). Genomic prediction (GP) can be used to increase genetic gain in RRS by reducing cycle length, but it is also possible to use GP to predict single-cross hybrid performance. The impact of the latter method on genetic gain has yet to be previously reported. Therefore, we compared via stochastic simulations various phenotypic and genomics-assisted RRS breeding schemes which used GP to predict hybrid performance rather than reducing cycle length, which allows minimal changes to traditional breeding schemes. We also compared three breeding sizes scenarios that varied the number of genotypes crossed within heterotic pools, the number of genotypes crossed between heterotic pools, the number of hybrids evaluated, and the number of genomic predicted hybrids. Our results demonstrated that schemes that used genomic prediction of hybrid performance outperformed the others for the average interpopulation hybrid population and the best hybrid performance. Furthermore, updating the testers increased hybrid genetic gain with phenotypic RRS. As expected, the largest breeding size tested had the highest rates of genetic improvement and the lowest decrease in additive genetic variance due to the drift. Therefore, this study demonstrates the usefulness of single-cross prediction, which may be easier to implement than rapid-cycling RRS and cyclical updating of testers. We also reiterate that larger population sizes tend to have higher genetic gain and less depletion of genetic variance.
Pesticide Mixtures in Surface Waters of Two Protected Areas in Southwestern Germany
Authors: Schemmer Anna , Wolfram Jakob , Roodt Alexis. P. , Bub Sascha , Petschick Lara L. , Herrmann Larissa Z. , Stehle Sebastian , Schulz Ralf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPesticides enter non-target surface waters as a result of agricultural activities and may reach water bodies in protected areas. We measured in southwestern Germany pesticide concentrations after heavy rainfalls in streams of a drinking water protection area near Hausen (Freiburg) and in the catchment of the Queich (Landau), which originates from the biosphere reserve Palatinate Forest. On average, 32 (n = 21) and 21 (n = 10) pesticides were detected per sample and event in the area of Hausen (n = 56) and in the Queich catchment (n = 17), respectively. The majority of pesticides detected in > 50% of all samples were fungicides, with fluopyram being detected throughout all samples. Aquatic invertebrates exhibited highest risks with 16.1% of samples exceeding mixture toxicity thresholds, whereas risks were lower for aquatic plants (12.9%) and fish (6.5%). Mixture toxicity threshold exceedances indicate adverse ecological effects to occur at half of sites (50%). This study illustrates the presence of pesticide mixtures and highlights ecological risks for aquatic organisms in surface waters of protected areas in Germany.
Evaluating the in vitro developmental toxicity potency of a series of petroleum substance extracts using new approach methodologies (NAMs)
Authors: Fang Jing , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Carrillo Juan-Carlos , Boogaard Peter J. , Kamelia Lenny 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present study evaluates the in vitro developmental toxicity and the possible underlying mode of action of DMSO extracts of a series of highly complex petroleum substances in the mouse embryonic stem cell test (mEST), the zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor reporter gene assay (AhR CALUX assay). Results show that two out of sixteen samples tested, both being poorly refined products that may contain a substantial amount of 3- to 7-ring polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), induced sustained AhR activation in the AhR CALUX assay, and concentration-dependent developmental toxicity in both mEST and ZET. The other samples tested, representing highly refined petroleum substances and petroleum-derived waxes (containing typically a very low amount or no PACs at all), were negative in all assays applied, pointing to their inability to induce developmental toxicity in vitro. The refining processes applied during the production of highly refined petroleum products, such as solvent extraction and hydrotreatment which focus on the removal of undesired constituents, including 3- to 7-ring PACs, abolish the in vitro developmental toxicity. In conclusion, the obtained results support the hypothesis that 3- to 7-ring PACs are the primary inducers of the developmental toxicity induced by some (i.e., poorly refined) petroleum substances and that the observed effect is partially AhR-mediated.
Inevitable monokineticity of strongly singular alignment
Authors: Fabisiak Michał , Peszek Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe prove that certain types of measure-valued mappings are monokinetic i.e. the distribution of velocity is concentrated in a Dirac mass. These include weak measure-valued solutions to the strongly singular Cucker–Smale model with singularity of order greater or equal to the dimension of the ambient space. Consequently, we are able to answer a couple of open questions related to the singular Cucker–Smale model. First, we prove that weak measure-valued solutions to the strongly singular Cucker–Smale kinetic equation are monokinetic, under very mild assumptions that they are uniformly compactly supported and weakly continuous in time. This can be interpreted as a rigorous derivation of the macroscopic fractional Euler-alignment system from the kinetic Cucker–Smale equation without the need to perform any hydrodynamical limit. This suggests the superior suitability of the macroscopic framework to describe large-crowd limits of strongly singular Cucker–Smale dynamics. Second, we perform a direct micro- to macroscopic mean-field limit from the Cucker–Smale particle system to the fractional Euler-alignment model. This leads to the final result—the existence of weak solutions to the fractional Euler-alignment system with almost arbitrary initial data in 1D, including the possibility of a vacuum. Existence can be extended to 2D under the a priori assumption that the density of the mean-field limit has no atoms.
Derivatization procedure of estradiol with a combination of MPDNP-F and 4-dimethylaminopyridine to generate product ion containing estradiol-skeleton for reliable determination of its serum/plasma concentrations by LC/ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Kaneko Honoka , Matsuoka Hiroki , Ishige Takayuki , Kobayashi Hironori , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe quantification of serum/plasma estradiol (E2) is useful for the diagnosis, pathological analysis, and monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen-dependent diseases. In this study, an improved derivatization method using 1-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperazinium iodide (MPDNP-F) was developed and combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for the sensitive and specific quantification of the serum/plasma E2. In the new method, the reaction time was reduced to 15 min from 90 min (two-step reaction in the previous method) by the direct reaction of MPDNP-F with E2 at 60°C in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). DMAP served as the organic catalyst and had a less negative effect on the LC/ESI-MS/MS instrument compared to the non-volatile inorganic salt (NaHCO3), which was used in the previous method. The collision-induced dissociation of the molecular cation ([M]+) of the resulting derivative provided a product ion containing the E2-skeleton ([M–NO2–H]+), which significantly enhanced the assay sensitivity and specificity; compared to the dansyl chloride derivatization, which is the currently most-used derivatization procedure for the LC/ESI-MS/MS assays of E2, the MPDNP-F derivatization had significantly fewer interfering peaks and a clear and flat baseline in the serum sample analysis. The MPDNP-F derivatization–LC/ESI-MS/MS method enabled the precise and accurate quantification of E2 even at a 5.0 pg/mL concentration (lower limit of quantification) with a small sample volume (100 μL of serum/plasma) and had a tolerance for the matrix effect. This method was also proven to serve as a more sensitive and specific alternative to the clinically used chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay.
Graphical Abstract
Enhancing the Conventional Culture: the Evaluation of Several Culture Media and Growth Conditions Improves the Isolation of Ruminal Bacteria
Authors: Botero Rute Lina Marcela , Caro-Quintero Alejandro , Acosta-González Alejandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rumen microbiota is critical in cattle digestion. Still, its low cultivability makes it difficult to study its ecological function and biotechnological potential. To improve the recovery of ruminal microorganisms, this study combined the evaluation of several cultivation parameters with metabarcoding analysis. The parameters tested comprised eight media cultures, three sample dilutions (10−2, 10−6, 10−12), and two incubation times (3 and 7 days). Bacterial populations were determined through Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA from three biological replicates. The results indicate that none of the culture media recovered all rumen populations and that there was an altered relative abundance of the dominant phyla. In the rumen, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes comprised 75% and 15% of the relative abundance, respectively, while in the culture media, these were 15% and 60%, respectively. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the bacterial community revealed significant shifts in population composition due to dilution, with 10−2and 10−6dilutions clustered closely while the 10−12dilution differed markedly. In contrast, incubation duration did not influence population diversity. According to the results, two media, CAN and KNT, were selected based on their ability to recover more similar populations compared to the rumen sample. The metataxonomic study showed that CAN media had consistent reproducibility over time, while KNT showed enrichment of different taxa due to the use of rumen fluid as a substrate. From these, 64 pure cultures were obtained and 54 were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BeingStreptococcusthe most frequently isolated genus, this prevalence contrasts with the liquid media composition, underscoring the importance of refining single colony isolation strategies. Although no culture medium could replicate the native rumen bacterial population perfectly, our findings highlight the potential of CAN and KNT media in recovering populations that are more closely aligned to natural rumen conditions. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of integrating molecular approaches in selecting suitable cultivation media and parameters to depict rumen bacteria accurately.
Epidemiology of postoperative bleeding after endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery and factors associated with bleeding
Authors: Hemmi Tomotaka , Nomura Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Yuta , Numano Yuki , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Sugawara Mitsuru , Katori Yukio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery is a surgical procedure frequently performed by otolaryngologists. Postoperative bleeding is detrimental to both healthcare providers and patients. We investigated the epidemiology of postoperative bleeding during endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery and explored possible bleeding triggers.

Methods
We evaluated the patients who underwent endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery. Data regarding the age, sex, presence of hypertension, and abnormal coagulability, including oral anticoagulants, diagnoses, operative procedures, intraoperative use of drills and blood loss, and postoperative antimicrobial administration of eligible patients, were extracted from medical records and retrospectively reviewed.

Results
One hundred and eighty-six patients underwent endoscopic nasal or sinus surgery during the study period, and postoperative bleeding occurred in 9 patients (4.8%). Posterior nasal neurotomy (PNN) was the procedure most likely to cause postoperative bleeding (4 surgeries, 13.3%). Postoperative antimicrobial administration significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative bleeding (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Postoperative bleeding requiring intervention occurs in 4.8% of cases, and PNN is associated with a high risk of postoperative bleeding. Wound infection is a potential cause of postoperative bleeding, and antimicrobial administration should be considered in addition to local treatment.
SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a rare variant of SWI/SNF-deficient malignancy often misclassified as high-grade non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma or myoepithelial carcinoma
Authors: Skálová Alena , Taheri Touraj , Bradová Martina , Vaněček Tomáš , Franchi Alessandro , Slouka David , Kostlivý Tomáš , de Rezende Gisele , Michálek Jaroslav , Klubíčková Natálie , Ptáková Nicola , Nemcová Antónia , Michal Michal , Agaimy Abbas , Leivo Ilmo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSMARCB1-deficient sinonasal adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of SWI/SNF-deficient malignancies with SMARCB1 loss and adenocarcinoma features. More than 200 high-grade epithelial sinonasal malignancies were retrieved. A total of 14 cases exhibited complete SMARCB1 (INI1) loss and glandular differentiation. SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 were normal, except for one case with a loss of SMARCA2. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed an alteration in the SMARCB1 gene in 9/13 cases, while 2/13 were negative. Two tumors harbored SMARCB1 mutations in c.157C > T p.(Arg53Ter) and c.842G > A p.(Trp281Ter). One harbored ARID1B mutations in c.1469G > A p.(Trp490Ter) and MGA c.3724C > T p.(Arg1242Ter). Seven tumors had a SMARCB1 deletion. One carried an ESR1 mutation in c.644-2A > T, and another carried a POLE mutation in c.352_374del p.(Ser118GlyfsTer78). One case had a PAX3 mutation in c.44del p.(Gly15AlafsTer95). Histomorphology of SMARCB1-deficient adenocarcinoma was oncocytoid/rhabdoid and glandular, solid, or trabecular in 9/14 cases. Two had basaloid/blue cytoplasm and one showed focal signet ring cells. Yolk sac tumor-like differentiation with Schiller-Duval-like bodies was seen in 6/14 cases, with 2 cases showing exclusively reticular-microcystic yolk sac pattern. Follow-up of a maximum of 26 months (median 10 months) was available for 8/14 patients. Distant metastasis to the lung, liver, mediastinum, bone, and/or retroperitoneum was seen in 4/8 cases. Locoregional failure was seen in 75% of patients, with 6/8 local recurrences and 3 cervical lymph node metastases. At the last follow-up, 5 of 8 (62%) patients had died of their disease 2 to 20 months after diagnosis (median 8.2 months), and 3 were alive with the disease. The original diagnosis was usually high-grade non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma or high-grade myoepithelial carcinoma. A correct diagnosis of these aggressive tumors could lead to improved targeted therapies with potentially better overall disease-specific survival.
One-health approach on the future application of snails: a focus on snail-transmitted parasitic diseases
Authors: Pathak Chet Raj , Luitel Himal , Utaaker Kjersti Selstad , Khanal Prabhat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSnails are fascinating molluscs with unique morphological and physiological adaptive features to cope with various environments. They have traditionally been utilized as food and feed sources in many regions of the world. The future exploitation of alternative nutrient sources, like snails, is likely to increase further. Snails, however, also serve as an intermediate host for several zoonotic parasites. A category of parasitic infections, known as snail-transmitted parasitic diseases (STPDs), is harmful to humans and animals and is mainly driven by various trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The environment plays a crucial role in transmitting these parasites, as suitable habitats and conditions can facilitate their growth and proliferation in snails. In light of diverse environmental settings and biologically categorized snail species, this review evaluates the dynamics of significant STPDs of zoological importance. Additionally, possible diagnostic approaches for the prevention of STPDs are highlighted. One-health measures must be considered when employing snails as an alternative food or feed source to ensure the safety of snail-based products and prevent any adverse effects on humans, animals, and the environment.