bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pandemic mothering: Mothers' experiences of adaptation and resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Childress Saltanat , LaBrenz Catherine A. , Findley Erin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch suggests that the demands of parenting have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially for mothers. Widespread loss of childcare and in‐person schooling forced parents to make adjustments to care for their children in new ways, many while working remotely. This qualitative study, guided by Walsh's theory of family resilience, examines mothers' experiences with stress and resilience as they adapted to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were gathered as part of a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study that examined family stress and resilience among mothers of children ages zero to five. The authors conducted in‐depth interviews between June and August 2020 with mothers (n = 15) of children under age six. Three themes emerged to characterize pandemic parenting: 24/7 parenting, changing expectations, and making it work. Recommendations are provided for researchers and practitioners working with mothers of young children, with emphasis on mothers' aptitudes for resilience in times of crisis.
Evaluation of the presence of double‐organ bias in published randomised controlled dacryocystorhinostomy studies
Authors: Savran Elibol Emine , Savran Fatih 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to show whether journals pay attention to double‐organ bias in studies on dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) treatment. Most statistical tests are based on the assumption that each data entry is independent of the other. However, we wanted to understand whether the eye, which is a double organ in the human body, is a cause of bias and whether sufficient attention has been paid to it in published articles.DesignA PubMed search was conducted between November 1997 and November 2021 in the field of ophthalmology and otolaryngology with the terms ‘dacryocystorhinostomy’ and the limitations of ‘people’ and ‘randomly controlled studies’. Publications containing DCR were searched. The publications published in the 15 journals with the highest impact were selected. The scope of the journal, the scope of the authors, the relevance of the articles, the presence of randomisation, the type of study (drug, endoscopic surgery, laser surgery and external surgery) and the statistical approach to bilateral organ bias were evaluated by two independent observers.Results and Main Outcome MeasuresA total of 83 publications were found by Pubmed search. Fifty‐six publications were included in the study. Double‐organ bias was present in 41% (n = 23) of the cases. Of the 23 biased publications, 46.4% were found to be in the Quartile 1 group. Quartile 4 journals showed bias in only four journals.ConclusionDouble‐organ bias can also be seen in journals with high impact factors and published in recent years. Journals may need to pay more attention to double‐organ bias in the publication acceptance process.
Dehydration associates with lower urinary tract symptoms in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kaninia Stefania , Stuart Charlotte M. , Galea Ian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwPMS), who may consequently limit their fluid intake. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that LUTS associate with objective evidence of inadequate hydration status in pwPMS.MethodsIn this prospective study, 55 pwPMS were studied over 2 years. A 6‐monthly first‐morning urine specimen was analysed for urinary osmolality and sodium as hydration markers. LUTS symptom severity in three categories (urgency, voiding and discomfort) was assessed and quantified using a questionnaire. Correlation between LUTS severity and hydration was assessed within subjects and between subjects, controlling for age.ResultsSome 274 urine samples with accompanying LUTS data from 55 participants were analysed. Biochemical data showed the expected loss of urine‐concentrating capacity with increasing age. Inadequate hydration was observed in 47% of participants. LUTS were very common (87% reported urgency and 89% voiding symptoms). Voiding and discomfort, but not urgency severity, were correlated with hydration markers, both within and between participants.ConclusionsLUTS are very common in pwPMS, and associate with inadequate hydration. The causes and consequences of inadequate hydration in MS need further study, since (i) this will focus greater attention on LUTS management in pwPMS and (ii) dehydration has been associated with reversible cognitive dysfunction and physical underperformance.
Patterns of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks in different age groups and sexes depending on the status of immunosuppressive therapy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Shi Ziyan , Kong Lingyao , Wang Xiaofei , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe association between onset age and sex with relapse risk in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains inconclusive. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients with NMOSD in different age groups and sexes and to analyse relapse characteristics pre‐ and post‐immunosuppressive therapy (IST).MethodsPatients with NMOSD were retrospectively reviewed from our clinical centre's database. Demographic and clinical data, attack presentation, and disease course pre‐ and post‐IST were investigated. We also analysed the effect of onset age on the annualized relapse rate and relapse risk according to sex and IST status. Interactions on the additive scale between onset age and sex were analysed. A restricted cubic spline was used to analyse potential nonlinear correlations. Longitudinal changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale score across NMOSD attacks were analysed using linear mixed‐effect models.ResultsIn total, 533 patients experienced 1394 attacks pre‐IST and 753 relapses post‐IST. Older age at onset was correlated with more myelitis attacks but fewer optic neuritis attacks, with no sex‐related differences in attack presentation. Pre‐IST, relapse risk increased with age at onset in women, while a U‐shaped correlation between onset age and relapse risk was found in men. Post‐IST, an inverted U‐shaped association between the predicted relapse risk and onset age was observed in women. Conversely, a negative correlation between the predicted relapse risk and onset age was found in men. Overall, a higher ratio of myelitis attacks was found post‐IST.ConclusionsPatients of different onset ages and sexes had different relapse patterns before and after IST.
Assessing the invasive potential of different source populations of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) through genomically informed species distribution modelling
Authors: Putra Andhika R. , Hodgins Kathryn A. , Fournier‐Level Alexandre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe genetic composition of founding populations is likely to play a key role in determining invasion success. Individual genotypes may differ in habitat preference and environmental tolerance, so their ability to colonize novel environments can be highly variable. Despite the importance of genetic variation on invasion success, its influence on the potential distribution of invaders is rarely investigated. Here, we integrate population genomics and ecological niche models (ENMs) into a single framework to predict the distribution of globally invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Australia. We identified three genetic clusters for ragweed and used these to construct cluster‐specific ENMs and characterize within‐species niche differentiation. The potential range of ragweed in Australia depended on the genetic composition and continent of origin of the introduced population. Invaders originating from warmer, wetter climates had a broader potential distribution than those from cooler, drier ones. By quantifying this change, we identified source populations most likely to expand the ragweed distribution. As prevention remains the most effective method of invasive species management, our work provides a valuable way of ranking the threat posed by different populations to better inform management decisions.
A call to action: The need for evaluation of carbon storage by lacustrine large woody debris
Authors: Marsden J. Ellen , Chiapella Ariana , Keeton William S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Global climate change and the push to develop Natural Climate Solutions have increased urgency around the need to quantify, capture, and store carbon to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide—but we may be overlooking a potentially important, long‐term carbon sink.

Carbon stored in large woody debris (LWD) in lakes is largely missing from local and global carbon budgets. Waterlogged LWD may remain relatively intact in cold, low‐oxygen hypolimnetic regions for decades to centuries, while LWD buried in lake‐bottom sediments may store carbon for millennia.

We postulate that lacustrine LWD may be an important component of local and global carbon budgets, and modern land‐use effects (deforestation, agriculture, stream flow changes) may be reducing inputs of LWD into long‐term lacustrine carbon pools. Quantifying lacustrine LWD, particularly in large lakes, is logistically challenging, resulting in a data gap in carbon budgets.

Here, we propose that new aerial and underwater technologies be employed to map and quantify littoral LWD and deposits of sunken and buried LWD to estimate carbon storage and the role of lacustrine LWD in regional and global carbon cycling.
FLAMITS: A global database of plant flammability traits
Authors: Ocampo‐Zuleta Korina , Pausas Juli G. , Paula Susana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMotivationThe propensity of plant tissues to burn (i.e. their flammability) is a key trait to understand fire regimes in many ecosystems across the globe. Measuring plant flammability under laboratory conditions allows us to improve both our understanding of plant evolutionary processes and modelling tools for simulating fire hazard and behaviour. Plant flammability has been studied from different but complementary disciplines (e.g. physics, chemistry, ecology, evolution, forestry). However, information is scattered and standardized terminology is lacking, which slows down the progress of research on plant flammability. Here we provide an open access global database on plant flammability traits measured under laboratory conditions aiming to: (a) identify the diversity of methodologies to measure plant flammability under laboratory conditions; (b) standardize the associated terminology; and (c) find geographical, ecological, and taxonomic gaps in our knowledge on plant flammability. We hope this database will stimulate transdisciplinary research and provide useful information to better cope with an increasingly flammable planet.Main Types of Variables ContainedThe FLAMITS database contains 19,972 records of 40 flammability variables (classified according to the measured component of flammability). For each record, relevant details of the flammability experiment are given, such as the burning device, the ignition source, and the burnt plant part. In addition, FLAMITS compiles taxonomic and functional data of the studied species and information on the study site (i.e. locality, geographic coordinates, biome, biogeographic realm, and fire activity).Spatial Location and GrainWe compiled data from 295 studies in 39 countries and distributed across 12 biomes worldwide.Time Period and GrainThe last 62.5 years (1961 to 15th May 2023).Major Taxa and Level of Measurement1790 plant taxa from 186 families, 883 genera, and 1784 species.Software FormatFive text files (.csv), relationally linked.
Continuous laxative use and its relationship to defecation among residents of nursing homes: A longitudinal observational study using the interRAI
Authors: Takaoka Manami , Igarashi Ayumi , Ninomiya Ayako , Ishibashi Tomoaki , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: December 2023

AimTo clarify the association between constipation, diarrhea, and long‐term laxative use in Japanese nursing home residents.MethodsData from 306 residents with chronic constipation aged over 75 years for basic characteristics, medication use, activities of daily living, and concurrent illness were collected via two consecutive 6‐monthly surveys conducted using the Japanese interRAI assessment tool. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between chronic constipation, diarrhea, and continuous laxative use.ResultsChronic constipation persisted in 74.5% of residents despite their continuous use of laxatives. Additionally, 14.4% experienced chronic diarrhea while on laxatives. Residents using salt laxatives had significantly lower chronic constipation than those not using salt laxatives (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.52), while residents using novel laxatives had significantly higher chronic diarrhea than those not using novel laxatives (AOR 4.28).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that bowel movement‐related problems remain a concern and highlight the need for further research on the use of novel laxatives in nursing home residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 133–139.
Sex differences in COVID‐19 symptom severity and trajectories among ambulatory adults
Authors: Massion Samuel P. , Howa Amanda C. , Zhu Yuwei , Kim Ahra , Halasa Natasha , Chappell James , McGonigle Trey , Mellis Alexandra M. , Deyoe Jessica E. , Reed Carrie , Rolfes Melissa A. , Talbot H. Keipp , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has led to hundreds of millions of infections worldwide. Although differences in COVID‐19 hospitalization rates between males and females have been described, many infections in the general population have been mild, and the severity of symptoms during the course of COVID‐19 in non‐hospitalized males and females is not well understood.MethodsWe conducted a case‐ascertained study to examine household transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Nashville, Tennessee, between April 2020 and April 2021. Among enrolled ambulatory adult participants with laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, we assessed the presence and severity of symptoms (total, systemic, and respiratory) daily using a symptoms severity questionnaire, from illness onset and throughout the 2‐week follow‐up period. We compared the mean daily symptom severity scores (0–3: none, mild, moderate, and severe) and change in symptoms between males and females using a multivariable linear mixed effects regression model.ResultsThe analysis included 223 enrolled adults with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (58% females, mostly white, non‐Hispanic) from 146 households with 2917 total daily symptom reports. The overall mean severity of total symptoms reported over the illness period was 1.04 and 0.90 for females and males, respectively. Mean systemic and respiratory scores were higher for females than for males (p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, females reported more severe total and systemic symptoms during the illness period compared with males. However, no significant differences in reported respiratory symptoms were observed.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that among ambulatory adults with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, females reported slightly higher symptom severity during their illness compared with males.
Interdental cleaning aids are beneficial for oral health at 7‐year follow‐up: Results from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND)
Authors: Holtfreter Birte , Conrad Elena , Kocher Thomas , Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Völzke Henry , Welk Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo estimate association between the use of interdental cleaning aids (IDAs) and type on 7‐year follow‐up levels of interdental plaque, interdental gingival inflammation, interdental periodontitis severity, the number of interdental sound surfaces and the number of missing teeth in a population‐based cohort study.Materials and MethodsWe used 7‐year follow‐up data of 2224 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND). We applied generalized linear and ordinal logistic models, adjusting for confounding and selection bias using inverse probability treatment weighting and multiple imputation.ResultsFlossers were 32% less likely to have higher interdental plaque (iPlaque) levels than non‐users of IDAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.94); flossing resulted in 5% lower means of iPlaque. Effects on interdental bleeding on probing (iBOP), mean interdental probing depths and mean interdental clinical attachment levels were direction‐consistent but statistically non‐significant. Interdental brushing was associated with lower follow‐up levels for interdental plaque (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.93) and iBOP (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53–0.89). IDAs were more effective in reducing iPlaque in participants with periodontitis, whereas iBOP reduction was more pronounced in participants with no or mild periodontitis. The analyses did not suggest that the use of IDAs affected caries. Finally, applying change score analyses, flossing reduced tooth loss incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.71) compared with non‐users of IDAs.ConclusionsRecommending flossing and interdental brushing in dental practices represents an approach to the prevention of gingivitis and consequently periodontitis.
Efficacy of micrographic surgery versus conventional excision in reducing recurrence for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lacerda Priscila Neri , Lange Eloana Pasqualin , Luna Natália Miranda , Miot Hélio Amante , Abbade Luciana Patrícia Fernandes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe standard of care for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involves excision by conventional surgery (CS) with a predefined safety margin of resection or micrographic surgery (MS) with microscopic margin control. Previous studies have reported the superiority of MS in reducing recurrences for high‐risk BCC and SCC. This systematic review aimed to assess MS and CS recurrence rates by including randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted for related studies in PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINHAL and Cochrane until May 2023. RCTs and cohorts involving patients with BCC or SCC submitted to MS and CS were included. Risk of bias assessment followed Cochrane‐recommended tools for RCTs and cohorts, and certainty of evidence followed the GRADE approach. Pooled estimates were used to determine the relative risk (RR) and absolute risk difference (RD) using a random‐effects model. Seventeen studies were included, two RCTs and fifteen cohorts. There were 82 recurrences in 3050 tumours submitted to MS, with an overall recurrence rate of 3.1% (95% CI 2.0%–4.7%). For CS, there were 209 recurrences in 3453 tumours, with a recurrence rate of 5.3% (95% CI 2.9%–9.3%). The combined estimate of RR was 0.48 (95% CI 0.36–0.63), without heterogeneity nor evidence of publication bias (p > 0.3). The RD resulted in 2.9% (95% CI 1.0%–4.9%; NNT = 35). Regarding subgroup analysis, the RR for BBC was 0.37 (95% CI 0.25–0.54), and RD was 3.7% (95% CI 0.8%–6.5%; NNT = 28). For SCC, RR was 0.57 (95% CI 0.29–1.13), and RD was 1.9% (95% CI 0.8%–4.7%; NNT = 53). Among primary tumours, RR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.28–0.54), and for recurrent tumours was 0.67 (95% CI 0.30–1.50). There is moderate evidence based on two RCTs, and low evidence based on 15 cohort studies that MS is superior to CS in reducing recurrences of BCCs and primary tumours. The development of protocols that maximize the cost‐effectiveness of each method in different clinical scenarios is paramount.
Effect of temperature on the protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis in goldfish
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Minami Shungo , Yuguchi Manami , Shitara Aiko , Kondo Hidehiro , Kato Goshi , Sano Motohiko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe live attenuated vaccine P7‐P8 strain against herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis, which is caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2), exhibits high protective efficacy in goldfish at 25°C, the predominant temperature for this disease; however, the effect of water temperature during the vaccination period on efficacy has not been determined. In this study, an in vitro experiment revealed that the vaccine strain grew between 15 and 30°C in the goldfish cell line RyuF‐2. Subsequent in vivo efficacy tests were conducted with vaccination temperatures ranging from 15 to 30°C. During the vaccination period, organs were sampled to determine the vaccine growth dynamics. Blood plasma was collected to assess anti‐CyHV‐2 antibody titres. The protective efficacy of the vaccine at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C after subsequent virulent CyHV‐2 challenge resulted in a relative percentage survival of 73.3%, 77.8%, 100%, and 77.8%, respectively, which indicated that the vaccine is effective over this temperature range. The vaccine virus load in the spleen was lowest at 15°C (103.7 DNA copies/mg) and highest at 25°C (106.5 DNA copies/mg). This indicates that the vaccine virus load over 104 DNA copies/mg may elicit sufficient acquired immunity. No significant differences in antibody titre were observed between groups, which suggests that cell‐mediated immunity can be fundamentally involved in protection.
Financial Development and Innovation: The Role of Market Structure*
Authors: ZHU XIAOYANG , KIM JAEBEOM 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe assess how financial development affects innovation. For this purpose, we employ a unique Research Quotient data set from 1980 to 2018, and observe significant inverted‐U effects of financial development on innovation for equity and credit markets. Specifically, the effects of the markets are sector‐specific, implying that the inverted‐U effect of the equity market on innovation is mainly driven by its diminishing effect on innovation in high‐technology industries, while credit markets mostly affect innovation in non‐high‐technology industries. Regarding the mechanism, we posit that the inverted‐U shape between finance and innovation may be explained by the disproportionate funds allocation‐induced market concentration.
Scalable substrate development for aqueous sample preparation for atom probe tomography
Authors: Woods Eric V. , Kim Se‐Ho , El‐Zoka Ayman A. , Stephenson L. T. , Gault B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReliable and consistent preparation of atom probe tomography (APT) specimens from aqueous and hydrated biological specimens remains a significant challenge. One particularly difficult process step is the use of a focused ion beam (FIB) instrument for preparing the required needle‐shaped specimen, typically involving a ‘lift‐out’ procedure of a small sample of material. Here, two alternative substrate designs are introduced that enable using FIB only for sharpening, along with example APT datasets. The first design is a laser‐cut FIB‐style half‐grid close to those used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that can be used in a grid holder compatible with APT pucks. The second design is a larger, standalone self‐supporting substrate called a ‘crown’, with several specimen positions, which self‐aligns in APT pucks, prepared by electrical discharge machining (EDM). Both designs are made nanoporous, to provide strength to the liquid–substrate interface, using chemical and vacuum dealloying. Alpha brass, a simple, widely available, lower‐cost alternative to previously proposed substrates, was selected for this work. The resulting designs and APT data are presented and suggestions are provided to help drive wider community adoption.