bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Malignancy in Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Perforated Pre-pyloric Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Amoli Hadi Ahmadi , Mohammadi Soha , Taghizadeh Nima , Imanipour Mohamadhosein , Hajebi Reza 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Peptic ulcers, common digestive system disorders, often lead to perforation, which is associated with high mortality. Given the potential for underlying malignancy in gastric ulcers and perforations, this study focuses on assessing the frequency of cancer in gastric biopsies of patients with perforated pre-pyloric gastric ulcers.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 175 patients of all ages, both genders, with perforated pre-pyloric gastric ulcers in 2021–2022, who underwent emergency laparotomy surgery and with a definitive diagnosis of gastric ulcer perforation. A full-thickness sample was taken from the margin of the perforated pre-pyloric gastric ulcer for pathological examination to detect gastric malignancy.
Results
The patients' average age was 65.69 years, with a median of 65 years. All histopathological examinations of the gastric ulcer samples indicated benign conditions. Among the patients, 54.3% had a history of gastric ulcers, 37.7% had diabetes, 25.7% had hypertension, and 25.7% had both. Additionally, 1.7% suffered from chronic kidney failure, 1.1% from chronic liver failure, and 0.8% had other conditions like cardiovascular diseases. In total, 4.6% patients had a history of corticosteroid use, 66.9% patients had a history of NSAID use, and 58.9% patients had drug addiction.
Conclusion
Our study found no signs of cancer in the biopsies of patients with perforated pre-pyloric gastric ulcers; all cases showed benign pathology. This suggests that using gastric ulcer perforation alone as a reason for biopsy may need more investigation to ensure its accuracy and relevance.
Bifurcations of phase portraits of spherical pendulum with vibrating suspension point
Authors: Luo Yan , Sheng Kaicheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider a spherical pendulum whose suspension point performs high-frequency spatial vibrations. Dynamics of this pendulum can be described by averaging of its Hamiltonian over phases of vibrations. We impose conditions on vibrations such that that the averaged Hamiltonian has a rotational symmetry. Under these conditions we present a bifurcation diagram for the phase portraits of the averaged system. We show numerical simulations of different examples of vibrations. Bifurcation of phase portraits of spherical physical pendulum with vibrating suspension point are considered as well.
ESG Performance and Firm Value – Do Busy Directors Help?
Authors: Sabatini Sondang Zenita , A. Utama Cynthia 
Published: January 2024

ESG is an important issue companies encounter when conducting business. The implementation of ESG with good performance will lead the company to be more prosperous and attractive to investors. This study examines how busy directors affect the increase in the value of companies that have good ESG performance within a sample of 41 public companies in Indonesia during the years 2017-2021. Data were obtained from Thomson Reuters and the companies’ annual reports. By using ESG score as a proxy for ESG performance variables and the percentage of busy directors’ presence in public companies, we can determine their influence on firm value. Panel data regression in e-views shows a positive and significant influence between ESG performance and firm value, and there is no significant effect between busy directors and firm value. Furthermore, we also find that the influence of busy directors as a moderator weakened the positive impact of ESG performance on firm value.
Priority setting for global WASH challenges in the age of wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance
Authors: Dorevitch Samuel , Shrestha Abhilasha 
Published: January 2024

HIGHLIGHTS
Mortality due to inadequate WASH facilities exceeded that of COVID-19 in the regions of South-East Asia and Africa. The costs and benefits of wastewater-based surveillance are not known; however, the benefits of WASH interventions greatly exceed the costs. The dedication of effort and resources to wastewater-based surveillance and WASH in low- and middle-income countries should reflect disease burdens and cost/benefit assessments.
The Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Tirabrutinib with Voriconazole,
Itraconazole, and Fluconazole in SD Rats by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Xia Mengming , Liu Ya-Nan , Chen Jie , Xu Ren-Ai , Dai Gexin 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Tirabrutinib is an orally effective, approved, and highly selective
second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor for the treatment of recurrent
or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

Objective:
This study aimed to develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of tirabrutinib
concentration in rat plasma, where zanubrutinib was used as an internal standard
(IS). This method was also applied to study whether tirabrutinib would interact with voriconazole,
itraconazole, and fluconazole in rats, providing a reference value for clinical
medication guidance.

Methods:
In the current study, the organic solvent protein precipitation method was
used to treat plasma samples, which is simple and reproducible. Tirabrutinib (m/z 455.32
→ 320.21) and zanubrutinib (m/z 472.13 → 455.04) were separated on a Waters Acquity
BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) and detected by multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM) in positive ionization mode.

Results:
The method showed good linearity in the range of 5−3000 ng/mL for tirabrutinib
with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 5 ng/mL. The recovery and matrix
effects were 85.7-91.0% and 102.0-113.3%, respectively. The accuracy, precision, stability,
and carry-over effect were also acceptable. The method could also be used for determining
the pharmacokinetic interaction of tirabrutinib in rats. The results showed
AUC0→∞ of tirabrutinib to be increased by 139.3% and 83.9% in the presence of voriconazole
and fluconazole, respectively, while itraconazole had little effect.

Conclusion:
It is necessary to monitor the concentration of tirabrutinib in patients when
it is combined with voriconazole and fluconazole to achieve a better therapeutic effect
and reduce the risk of adverse reaction. Further research should be conducted in the future.
A Comprehensive Review on the State of the Art of Breast Cancers in
Italy
Authors: Iacopetta Domenico , Ceramella Jessica , Catalano Alessia , Rosano Camillo , Mariconda Annaluisa , Giuzio Federica , Bonofiglio Daniela , Saturnino Carmela , Longo Pasquale , Sinicropi Maria Stefania 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Breast cancer (BC) currently represents one of the most prevalent cancers
among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among women, also
negatively affecting the quality of life (QoL) in patients. Over the past two decades, BC
research has led to extraordinary advances in our understanding of the disease, resulting
in more effective treatments. However, its occurrence is still increasing. Several new
treatments are now under development worldwide, but they are not devoid of wellknown
side effects, and a great number of patients develop endocrine resistance. Nevertheless,
the design and synthesis of more suitable strategies and new drugs to treat breast
cancers, overcome resistance and side effects, and obtain better therapeutic outcomes
are needed. In this review, we summarize the therapies and the clinical studies currently
ongoing in Italy for the treatment of BCs, mainly HER2+ MBC, HER2-low MBC, and
TNBC, focusing on the most recent ones, also in consideration of diverse facets, including
some aspects related to QoL. Finally, some studies related to the usefulness of physical
activity in BC will be cited.
The Potential Association of TFR1/SLC11A2/GPX4 with Ferroptosis in Mediating Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cao Yuan , Song Nan , Wang Ying , Leng Xue , Wang Qun , Ma Yixin , Chen Si , Ju Xing , Jia Lianqun 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
Atherosclerosis is the most common and significant form of arterial disease,
characterized primarily by lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration as its main
pathological basis. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and associated
pathways by which iron accumulation may be involved in lipid metabolism abnormalities in atherosclerotic
mice.

Methods:
Relying on ApoE-/- mouse body position observation, blood biochemical analysis, oxidative
stress test and aortic tissue sectioning techniques, the effects of ferroptosis on lipid metabolism
in atherosclerotic mice were analyzed. Use RT-PCR analysis and transcriptomics tests
to understand the specific molecular mechanism.

Results:
Our analysis reveals a correlation between Ferroptosis and elevated levels of TC, TG,
ALT, AST, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the blood of atherosclerotic model mice. At the same time, it
exacerbates the pathological changes of mouse aorta tissue. Our results suggest a potential link
between ferroptosis and the dysregulation of TFR1/SLC11A2/GPX4 expression, along with the
presence of oxidative stress, in the progression of AS. Transcriptomics results indicate that ferroptosis-
mediated deterioration of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice is potentially associated with
cell phagocytosis, apoptosis involving TNF-α, and the expression of atherosclerotic and other
process-related genes.

Conclusion:
Ferroptosis exacerbated the lipid metabolism disorder in atherosclerotic mice. The
core mechanism of its effect is that ferroptosis activates the TFR1/SLC11A2/GPX4 signaling
pathway, which leads to the up-regulation of oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice, and ultimately aggravates
the abnormal lipid metabolism in ApoE-/- mice.
Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms of Astragali Radix and its Ingredients
in Animal Models of Osteoporosis: A Preclinical Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Cao Ning , Shou Zhangxuan , Xiao Yi , Liu Puqing 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Astragali Radix (AR) has a long history as a traditional Chinese medicine
for anti-osteoporosis (OP) treatment. The aim of the study was to explore the effect and optimal
regimens of AR and its main ingredients (IAR) in OP treatment.

Methods::
Eligible animal studies were searched in seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science,
MEDLINE, SciELO Citation Index, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure
and Wanfang). The primary outcomes were bone metabolic indices. The secondary outcome measure
was the anti-OP mechanism of IAR.

Results::
21 studies were enrolled in the study. The primary findings of the present article illustrated
that IAR could significantly increase the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume over the total
volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone maximum load and serum calcium,
while trabecular separation and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were remarkably
decreased (P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, the BMD in the long treatment group (≥ 10 weeks)
showed better effect size than the short treatment group (< 10 weeks) (P < 0.05). Modeling methods
and animal sex were factors affecting serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels.

Conclusion::
The findings suggest the possibility of developing IAR as a drug for the treatment of
OP. IAR with longer treatment time may achieve better effects regardless of animal strain and
age.
Nrf2 Inhibits GAPDH/Siah1 Axis to Reduce Inflammatory Reactions
and Proliferation of Microglia After Simulating Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sha Chunhe , Pan Feng , Wang Zhiqing , Liu Guohui , Wang Hua , Huang Tianwei , Huang Kai 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To explore the effect of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
(Nrf 2) on microglial inflammatory response and proliferation after spinal cord injury
(SCI) through the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) / Seven in
absentia homolog 1 (Siah 1) signaling pathway.

Methods:
Human microglia HMC3 was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to
establish a SCI cell model. Microglia morphology after LPS stimulation was observed
by transmission electron microscope (TEM), and cellular Nrf2, GAPDH/Siah1 pathway
expression and cell viability were determined. Subsequently, the Nrf2 overexpression
plasmid was transfected into microglia to observe changes in cell viability and
GAPDH/Siah1 pathway expression.

Results:
Microglia, mostly amoeba-like, were found to have enlarged cell bodies after
LPS stimulation, with an increased number of cell branches, highly expressed Nrf2,
GAPDH and Siah1, and decreased cell viability (P<0.05). Up-regulating Nrf2 inhibited
the GAPDH/Siah1 axis, decreased inflammatory responses, and enhanced activity in
post-SCI microglia (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Up-regulating Nrf2 expression can reverse the inflammatory reaction of
microglia after LPS stimulation and enhance their activity by inhibiting the GAPDH/
Siah1 axis.
Can Glycerol Carbonate be Synthesized Without a Catalyst?
Authors: Karmee Sanjib Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Biodiesel and oleo-chemical industries have been producing huge quantities of glycerol as
a by-product. Value-added products can be synthesized from glycerol through different chemical and
enzymatic reactions, such as oxidation, carbonylation, reforming, acetalyzation, etherification, dehydration,
hydrogenolysis, hydrolysis, esterification, and transesterification. Glycerol is a low-cost polyol
that can be converted into glycerol carbonate, which has potential applications in polymer and biobased
non-isocyanate polyurethanes industries (Bio-NIPUs). The present contribution is the first of its
kind to report on the synthesis of glycerol carbonate via catalyst and solvent-free transesterification of
glycerol with dimethyl carbonate under conventional as well as microwave heating. Additionally, a
comparative study of conventional and microwave-assisted transesterification was performed. Under
conventional heating, 78% glycerol carbonate is obtained at 120oC in 36 hours, whereas, using microwaves,
92% of glycerol carbonate can be achieved in 30 minutes. Presently, biomass-based heterogeneous
materials are used in catalysis due to their importance within the context of sustainability. In
line with this, in this work, a series of green catalysts, namely, molecular sieves (MS, 4Å), Hβ-
Zeolite, Montmorillonite K-10 clay, activated carbon prepared from the shell of groundnut (Arachis
hypogaea), and biochar from sawdust pyrolysis were successfully employed. Glycerol carbonate was
thoroughly characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR and MS. The method described here is facile
and green since the utilization of bioresource (glycerol) for the production of glycerol carbonate is
performed under microwave.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Group 1: Overview, Workup,
Risk Stratification, and Current (and Future) Treatment Approaches
Authors: Yaqoob Maidah , DeCato Thomas W. , Oudiz Ronald 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Risk assessment (or risk stratification) and both current and future therapies for pulmonary
arterial hypertension (PAH) will be discussed in part B. Risk assessment is key in the initial
evaluation and follow-up of persons with PAH. Risk assessment provides information on disease
severity and mortality, which, over time, have been incorporated into the application of PAH therapies.
After the initial risk assessment, a 4-strata approach is recommended at subsequent follow-
up evaluations by the 2022 ERS/ESC pulmonary hypertension (PH) guidelines as described
initially in COMPERA 2.0. This method appears to have increased sensitivity to changes in risk
from baseline to follow-up and to changes in long-term mortality risk. Current PAH therapies target
the prostacyclin, endothelin, and nitric oxide pathways. A sequential approach to therapy has
been recommended since publication of the 2009 guidelines and, in the most recent iteration incorporates
the 4-strata approach at follow-up. Additional therapy is recommended when intermediate-
high or high-risk status is present. New therapies are under active investigation that include targeting
novel pathways. Sotatercept, a fusion protein that binds to and sequesters select transforming
growth factor β superfamily ligands, is the most promising novel therapy at this time. A recent
phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in group 1 PAH patients showed a
statistically significant improvement in 6-minute walk distance and additional studies of this drug
in PH populations are ongoing. Progress in phenotyping this heterogeneous disease is being made,
and as PAH therapies continue to evolve, the use of personalized treatment regimens may be possible
in the care of this complex, and highly morbid and mortal disease.
GFAP and UCHL1 in Non-traumatic SAH: The Story thus Far. A
Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Psochias Filippos , Mavrovounis Georgios , Stranjalis George , Kalamatianos Theodosis 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high
percentage of misdiagnosis and poor prognosis. Biomarkers could be useful in the identification,
treatment/management guidance, and outcome improvement of SAH patients. The current systematic
review aims to investigate the potential role of biomarkers GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
and UCH-L1 (Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1) in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-traumatic
SAH.

Methods:
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted
from their inception through February 2023.

Results:
17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The vast majority of
the included studies (82%) were on GFAP. Most studies used blood and/or CSF samples and incorporated
multiple measurements through the initial hospitalization days. The majority of identified
studies reported significantly higher levels of GFAP and UCHL1 in SAH patients with poor outcomes.
There was notable variation in the specimen type and the timing of sampling.

Conclusion:
Quantification of GFAP and UCHL1 through the initial days of hospitalization shows
promise in the prediction of SAH patient outcomes. Further research is nevertheless warranted to
confirm these findings and further clarify the use of the two biomarkers in SAH diagnosis and the
prediction of severity and secondary events.
Analysis of Lanthanum Oxide Based Double-Gate SOI MOSFET using Monte-Carlo Process
Authors: Paramasivam Pattunnarajam , Gowthaman Naveenbalaji , Srivastava Viranjay M. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
This work proposes a Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET with a Single Material
made of Silicon On-Insulator (SOI). The Lanthanum Oxide material with a high k-dielectric constant
has been used as an interface between two gates and the channel. The Monte Carlo analysis has been
used to determine the Conduction Band Energy (Ec) profiles and electron sheet carrier densities (ns)
for a Silicon channel thickness (tsi) of 10 nm at 0.5 V gate drain-source voltages. The transverse electric
fields are weak at the midchannel of DG SOI MOSFETs, where quantum effects are encountered.
The Monte Carlo simulation has been confirmed to be effective for high-energy transport. A particle
description reproduces the granularity property of the transport for nanoscale modeling.

Methods:
This work utilizes a Monte Carlo (MC) Simulation for the proposed Double Gate Single
Material Silicon On Insulator MOSFET with (La2O3=2 nm) as dielectric oxide on upper and lower
gate material. The electrical properties of the DG SOI MOSFETs with Lanthanum Oxide were analyzed
using Monte Carlo simulation, including the conduction band energy, electric field, potential
distribution, particle movement, and average velocity.

Results:
The peak electric field (E) simulation results and an average drift velocity (υavg) of 6Í105
V/cm and 1.6Í107 cm/s were obtained, respectively. The conduction band energy for the operating
region of the source has been observed to be 4% to the drain side, which obtained a value of -0.04 eV
at the terminal end.

Conclusion:
This proposed patent design, such as double-gate SOI-based devices, is the best suggestion
for significant scalability challenges. Emerging technologies reach the typical DG SOI
MOSFET's threshold performance when their geometrical dimensions are in the nanometer region.
This device based on nanomaterial compounds has been more submissive than conventional devices.
The nanomaterials usage in the design is more suitable for downscaling and reducing packaging density.
Valorization of Corn Steep Liquor for Improved Value-added
Products: A Review
Authors: Taiwo Abiola Ezekiel , Musonge Paul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a by-product of wet steeping corn and is a source of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. Depending on how food processing firms dispose of waste,
CSL might have a negative impact on the environment. However, when CSL is used properly, it
can promote economic growth and sustainability and prevent adverse environmental effects.
However, the nutritional content of CSL and the high concentration of its organic matter suggest
it is a rich source of feedstock. It can be used as a nutrient supplement or precursor to other
products with even more value. CSL has been studied as a feedstock and additive for the sustainable production of chemicals and industrial products. A variety of bioproducts, including
ethanol, acetoin, vanillin, and a variety of other biofuels, can be made from CSL due to its low
cost and availability of components (nitrogen and carbon). The study seeks to highlight and present comprehensive novel uses of corn steep liquor in the circular economy to produce highervalued products with reduced carbon footprints.
Depression-reminiscent Behavior Induced by Chronic Unpredictable
Mild Stress Paradigm in Mice Substantially Abrogated by Diosmin
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Dhingra Dinesh , Bhutani Rubina , Nayak Amit , Garg Adish 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Diosmin has already been described and documented to be neuroprotective,
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. It may possess or hold depressionalleviating
activity. Therefore, the purpose of the current research protocol is to investigate
the depression-relieving proficiency of diosmin in stressed and unstressed mice.

Methods:
Male mice (Swiss albino) were imperiled to an unpredictable chronic stress paradigm
every day for three sequential weeks, and depression-resembling behavioral despair
was induced. Imipramine 15 mg/kg and diosmin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were dispensed
for 21 successive days to discrete groups of stressed and unstressed mice.

Results:
Both diosmin (100 mg/kg) and 15 mg/kg imipramine administration for 3 consecutive
weeks substantially or significantly diminished the immobility period of mice imperiled
to stress in comparison to stressed mice gauzed with the vehicle. Diosmin (25, 50 and
100 mg/kg) and imipramine considerably reinstated the diminished sucrose proclivity (sucrose
preference percentage; %) in stressed mice, demonstrating their considerable or substantial
depression-relieving effects. The locomotor activities of mice were not considerably
altered by these drugs. Antidepressant-like activity of diosmin for immobility periods
and preference for sucrose was observed to be analogous to imipramine. Diosmin (100
mg/kg) and imipramine substantially quashed CUMS- persuaded escalation of plasma corticosterone
and nitrite levels, malondialdehyde levels and MAO-A activity in the brain of
stressed mice. Both drugs also substantially reversed CUMS-prompted reduction in catalase
activity and brain glutathione levels.

Conclusion:
Accordingly, diosmin revealed significant anti-depressive activity in mice
imperiled to chronic mild unpredictable stress paradigm conceivably via mitigation of nitrosative
and oxidative stress, reticence of brain MAO-A action, and sink drop of plasma
corticosterone degrees.