bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of self‐esteem and body esteem in women with and without eating disorders
Authors: Mendelson Beverley K. , McLaren Lindsay , Gauvin Lise , Steiger Howard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the predictive utility of three dimensions of body esteem in explaining self‐esteem in samples of eating‐disordered (ED) and nonclinical women.MethodParticipants comprised 74 ED women and 103 female university students. All women completed questionnaires measuring body esteem and self‐esteem and all provided information on height and weight. We ran hierarchical multiple regression analyses with self‐esteem as the outcome variable and participant status (clinical or non), body mass index (BMI), body esteem, and interaction terms as predictors.ResultsThe main finding was a Body Esteem x Participant Status interaction involving the attribution dimension of body esteem. Specifically, among ED women, the higher their body esteem attribution (i.e., the more they endorsed items such as “I think my appearance would help me get dates”), the higher their self‐esteem; whereas this relationship was not found among the students.DiscussionOur results contribute to an emerging profile of ED patients as highly socially sensitive. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 318–323, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10011
Does environment matter? A review of nonshared environment and eating disorders
Authors: Klump Kelly L. , Wonderlich Stephen , Lehoux Pascale , Lilenfeld Lisa R.R. , Bulik Cynthia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveNonshared environmental influences are experiences that are unique to siblings reared in the same family. We review studies highlighting the importance of nonshared factors for the development of eating disorders and suggest areas for future research.MethodsFindings from behavioral genetic studies of eating disorders as well as methodological issues are reviewed.ResultsTwin studies suggest that approximately 17%–46% of the variance in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) can be accounted for by nonshared environmental factors. Studies directly examining these influences are scarce, although initial data indicate that differential paternal relationships, body weight teasing, peer group experiences, and life events may account for the development of eating pathology in one sibling versus another.DiscussionAdditional research is needed to identify specific nonshared environmental influences on eating disorders such as differential parental and sibling treatment, disparate peer group characteristics, and differential experience of life events such as physical and sexual abuse. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 118–135, 2002; DOI. 10.1002/eat.10024
Preoccupation with weight and disordered eating behaviors of entering students at a University in Lebanon
Authors: Afifi‐Soweid Rema A. , Najem Kteily Martine B. , Shediac‐Rizkallah Mona C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis research explores the prevalence of preoccupation with weight indicators and disordered eating behaviors among entering university students, and identifies factors associated with these indicators and behaviors.MethodData was collected by means of a self‐administered questionnaire. Comparisons were made by gender, mother's education, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsThe final sample included 954 students. The indicators held most “often” included a desire to be thinner, and an awareness of caloric content. The behaviors engaged in “most” often included strenuous exercising, and avoiding particular foods. Both indicators and behaviors varied by gender and body mass index.DiscussionThe prevalence of indicators and behaviors is high. Body mass index is a critical variable to consider in the development of interventions. Further research should explore the context surrounding these indicators and behaviors. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 52–57, 2002.
A method of push‐based communications scheduling for minimum latency time
Authors: Aono Masahiro , Ueda Takasumi , Takubo Akio , Watanabe Takashi , Mizuno Tadanori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is desirable in data broadcast that, when data are updated, a server outputs the updated data as soon as possible in order to deliver the latest data to clients. When two or more data updates take place at the same time, the server has to choose which data to output first. We first define the latency time, which is the elapsed time from the time data are updated to the time they are broadcast. Then, we propose methods to reduce mean latency time under the circumstance that each datum has various user request ratios and update probabilities. Furthermore, we discuss output data selecting algorithms which can decrease the computational load of the server. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(8): 40–48, 2001
A study of the decision of control parameters for adaptive automatic‐repeat request strategy
Authors: Tsukamoto Ken‐ichiro , Matsushima Toshiyasu , Hirasawa Shigeichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn many practical transmission systems, transmission error rate of the channel is time‐varying. In previous works for controlling the time‐varying channel, the state of the channel is estimated and is uniquely determined. Then, the optimum value is chosen as a control parameter for the determined state. However, there is a discrepancy between the actual channel state and estimated state. The optimum control parameter determined for the estimated state does not necessarily provide the best performance presented by some object function in error control such as throughput efficiency. In this study, the expected value of throughput is calculated by using the posterior probability for each state and an algorithm in which the control parameter is selected to maximize the expected performance is proposed. From the viewpoint of the statistical decision theory, it is shown that this selection is the optimum in maximizing the throughput under the Bayes criterion. Using simulation, the proposed method is evaluated and its effectiveness is shown. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(11): 61–70, 2001
Single‐fed crossed v‐dipoles with four masts for circular polarization
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Honjo Takahiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a new single‐fed crossed V‐dipole antenna for a circular polarization is proposed. This antenna is single‐fed with four arms supporting the two V‐dipoles on the reflector used as a balun as well as a 90° phase shift divider. The symmetrically placed supporting arms can be viewed as transmission lines. From the current distributions of the equivalent circuit of these lines, the input impedance of the V‐dipoles and the circular polarization condition with regard to the antenna height and the stub location are derived. Based on these quantities, a circularly polarized antenna is designed and its characteristics are derived. It is found that there exists a structure for which the axial ratio can be made substantially wider than other antennas with a size of one‐half wavelength. By means of experiments, the validity of the theoretical results is confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(11): 44–51, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1136
Analysis of scattering by means of atomic model
Authors: Hosono Hiroyuki , Hosono Toshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn atomic model has been proposed to analyze scattering problems by a dielectric cylinder of arbitrary cross section. The advantages and differences from the usual method of moments are: (1) the field exiting an atom is that due to all the sources other than that atom, (2) the cause‐and‐effect relationship is clear and no singularity occurs, (3) various scatterers, from dielectrics to conductors, can be handled, (4) dielectric scatterers mixed with conductors can be treated, (5) all the information about the inhomogeneity of the scatterer appears only on the diagonal of the matrix, and (6) the theory smoothly connects with the atomic theory, which is educationally desirable. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(7): 31–38, 2001
An analysis of higher‐order of a GaAs FET depending on IMD source impedance and its application to a design of low‐distortion MMIC power amplifiers
Authors: Kusunoki Shigeo , Furuta Takeshi , Murakami Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the π/4 phase shift modulation schemes used in quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) are important approaches to ensuring efficient frequency usage in digital portable telephone systems, they also require linearity of the power amplifiers, they also require linearity of the power amplifiers, which is an undesirable constraint from the standpoint of efficiency. In this work, we describe a unified approach to this problem based on the idea that distortion can be effectively decreased by creating dips or “bumps” in the intermod characteristics, due to the dependence of the adjacent channel power (ACP) leakage on input power. For the special case of an impedanceZesconnected to the gate of a FET, we use Volterra series to quantitatively demonstrate how the appearance of such dips or bumps is related both toZesand to the fifth intermod (IM5). We then show analytically that when these dips or bumps are generated effectively, they can suppress IM5. Finally, we show that the resulting decrease in intermodulation distortion and improved efficiency make this method useful in the design of MMIC power amplifiers used in Personal Handy Phone (PHS) service. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(4): 10–21, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1100
Multimodal independent component analysis—A method of feature extraction from multiple information sources
Authors: Akaho Shotaro , Umeyama Shinji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a method to extract features from a pair of multivariate information sources. CCA (canonical correlation analysis) is a traditional method for this purpose, but it does not always succeed in producing features that are nonlinearly related, because of a Gaussian assumption. We extend the framework of CCA by introducing a criterion used in ICA (independent component analysis). The proposed framework MICA (multimodal ICA) maximizes mutual information between a pair of extracted features from the two modalities, with the features extracted from each modality being statistically independent. The cost function is given by a weighted sum of the two criteria, and it is approximated by Gram–Charlier expansion. The gradient descent learning algorithm is derived to optimize this approximated function by taking a natural gradient. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(11): 21–28, 2001
A method combining error correcting code and runlength limited code for reducing error propagation
Authors: Hirai Tadamitsu , Wadayama Tadashi , Yuba Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we discuss a method for reducing the error propagation based on a combination of the error correcting code and the runlength limited code. When the runlength limited code and the error correcting code are used together, the runlength limited encoding is usually applied after the data have been encoded by the encoder of the error correcting code. However, error propagation generated in the data transmission channel can be substantially mitigated during the decoding of the runlength limited code if the runlength encoding is implemented first with subsequent implementation of the error correcting code. The method proposed in this paper consists of a periodic insertion of check symbols in the data sequence encoded first by the runlength limited code and then by the error correcting code. We also proposed a new runlength limited code suitable for the proposed combined method and evaluated its performance. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(11): 45–51, 2001
Improving the performance analysis of a gradient‐based adaptive IIR notch filter
Authors: Takeshita Yoshihiro , Xiao Yegui , Shida Katsunori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImprovement of performance analysis is discussed for the plain gradient‐type adaptive IIR bilinear notch filters often used in the areas of communication, control, radar, and so on. Specifically, instead of the gradient linearization in the conventional analysis, nonlinear terms are introduced in the approximate expression of the gradient and an explicit expression of the estimation variance of the gradient algorithm in the steady state is derived. In regard to the step size, the convergence condition is derived that guarantees convergence of the algorithm. Its effectiveness and limitation are clarified. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(9): 25–34, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1116
Compensation for neutral point potential in a three‐level inverter using motor currents of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and its characteristics
Authors: Shinohara Katsuji , Sakasegawa Eiichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA three‐level inverter has several advantages of large capacity, large voltage, and low current waveform distortion. However, there is an important problem of neutral point potential variation in three‐level inverters. The variation causes an unbalance in the dc link voltage levels and current waveform distortion. In this paper, we propose a new method to control the neutral point potential. First, the neutral point potential variation in a three‐level inverter for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive is analyzed by state variable method and is calculated on the basis of the analytic results. Second, using the estimated value, proposed compensation for the variation can be done. Third, analytic and experimental results of the proposed method are compared with the results of feedforward compensation by simply adjusting the vector output intervals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 56–63, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10033
Stabilization for thermomagnetic instability of CuNi/NbTi superconducting wire in spatially distributed magnetic field
Authors: Banno Nobuya , Amemiya Naoyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThermomagnetic instability in superconducting wires composing multistrand cables is a problem in the development of cables with large current capacity. This paper elucidates the quenching properties of ac superconducting wires in a distributed magnetic field applied to the strands in the cable, and the stabilization of the ac superconducting wires considering the effect of the longitudinal magnetic field or the fraction of copper embedded in each strand. First, the degradation of the quench current of CuNi/NbTi superconducting wires in a distributed magnetic field is exhibited with simple test samples. Second, the quench properties of the strand in a (6 + 1)3 cable and the optimal twist pitch of the cable for high stabilization are discussed. Last, the effect of copper on the quench properties of the strand and the appropriate fraction of copper for suppression of quench current degradation in a distributed magnetic field are discussed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(4): 26–34, 2001
A study of the normalized LMS method with threshold
Authors: Tanpreeyachaya Jirasak , Nakanishi Takahiro , Usuda Tsuyoshi , Takumi Ichi , Hata Masayasu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study a modified normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm for updating coefficients of an adaptive FIR digital filter (ADF). In the modified adaptive algorithm, filter coefficients are updated with the NLMS algorithm for each sample, but the coefficients are frozen when the input signal is smaller than a given threshold (constant). This modified NLMS has been known, but not been analyzed.In this paper, we call the modified NLMS the “conditioned NLMS” (C‐NLMS) and analyze the convergence characteristics. As a result, the optimum threshold value is obtained. The simulation results and theoretical analyses show the effectiveness of the C‐NLMS with the proposed threshold, and a good agreement between both results. The stability of the NLMS algorithm in the presence of a small input signal is improved. The convergence speed of the C‐NLMS ADF under noisy circumstances is also faster than that of the unconditioned ordinary NLMS ADF in the small tap number case. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(4): 47–57, 2001
A consideration of potentials of low‐density polyethylene using metallocene catalyst as insulator for power cable
Authors: Cho Don‐Chan , Ishii Ryousuke , Shizu Keiichiro , Semi Hitoshi , Mori Tatsuo , Mizutani Teruyoshi , Ishioka Mitsugu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the high‐field conduction, DC and impulse breakdown strength, space charge distribution, and tree inception voltage for three kinds of new low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) prepared using a metallocene catalyst (mLna, mLao, mLldao), linear LDPE prepared using a Ziegler catalyst (LLao), and LDPE prepared by a high‐pressure process (LDna). The dc and impulse breakdown strengths of LDPEs prepared using a metallocene catalyst were higher than those of LLao and LDna. The high‐field currents of LDPEs prepared using a metallocene catalyst were lower than those of LLao and LDna. A homo‐space charge was accumulated near the cathode in mLna. The tree inception voltage of mLna was higher than that of LDna. From these results, it is concluded that LDPE prepared using a metallocene catalyst has electrical insulating properties superior to the conventional LDPE and that the former has potential as a power cable insulator. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 17–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1164
Realization of a multiport gyrator using current mirror circuits
Authors: Kubota Kenichi , Okine Mitsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA current‐mode signal processing circuit is quite attractive for low supply voltage operation and high‐frequency application. A current‐mode continuous‐time filter consists of simple bipolar current mirrors and capacitors, and are quite suitable for monolithic integration. In this paper, we propose a design for a multiport gyrator using current mirror circuits. Using the multiport gyrator and capacitors, we can simulate passive LC filters. The tuning of the filter frequency can be achieved by adjusting the current of a single dc current course. As examples, third‐ and fifth‐order low‐pass filters are designed for frequencies of 20 to 80 MHz, and SPICE simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 41–47, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1167
Modulation of streptonigrin's clastogenic effects in CHO cells by the metal‐chelating agent 1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Bolzán Alejandro D. , Bianchi Martha S. , Correa María V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of the metal‐chelating agent 1,10‐phenanthroline (PNT) on the clastogenesis induced by streptonigrin (SN) in CHO cells was investigated. When CHO cells were exposed to SN, chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister‐chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were formed in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). When PNT was present in the culture medium, the production of CAs by SN was strongly inhibited (inhibition range = 54.9–80.8%). Similarly, the induction of SCEs by SN was significantly decreased by the addition of PNT to CHO cultures (P < 0.05), although the effect was minor. This finding suggests that intracellular transition metals are implicated in the clastogenesis by SN, and that the Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2 → OH* + OH− + Fe3+) may be responsible for the production of CAs by this compound. Moreover, the fact that PNT did not completely inhibit the induction of SCEs by SN suggests that this phenomenon might be attributable to a different mechanism, in which transition metals and free radicals play a minor role. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:306–310, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical issues on the determination of the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect levels in toxicology
Authors: Yanagawa Takashi , Kikuchi Yasuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe determination of a safe exposure level for toxic agents, often defined as the highest dose level with no toxic effect and termed the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) is reviewed. The conventional methods based on statistical tests are criticized, particularly when the sample size is small, and an alternative method, which is based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), is discussed. The method is extended to the estimation of the NOAEL for continuous data. Computer programs for Windows 95/NT for determining the NOAEL by the AIC approach are developed and its application to practical data is illustrated with examples. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear models for a geographical subset of recovery data
Authors: Cocchi Daniela , Trivisano Carlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this work is to check whether modifications in the length of the hunting seasons had an effect on the chance of reproduction of different species of ringed birds. We start from a national data set of ringing‐recovered data on three species of game birds. Only data on birds recovered as juveniles are used. Data on recoveries are organized in a 4‐way contingency table. Several generalized linear models are proposed for the counts of recovered birds. Bayesian hierarchical modeling is particularly suitable for this kind of data, for which an over‐dispersion parameter can be introduced at the second level of the hierarchy. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian solutions are computed for the different models: the Bayesian framework, in particular under an individual modeling of over‐dispersion, exhibits the best fit in terms of Bayesianp‐value. The results show that the modification in the length of the hunting seasons does not produce equal benefits for the three species considered. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of approximate methods to estimate maximum inelastic displacement demands
Authors: Miranda Eduardo , Ruiz‐García Jorge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSix approximate methods to estimate the maximum inelastic displacement demand of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems are evaluated. In all methods, the maximum displacement demand of inelastic systems is estimated from the maximum displacement demand of linear elastic systems. Of the methods evaluated herein, four are based on equivalent linearization in which the maximum deformation is estimated as the maximum deformation of a linear elastic system with lower lateral stiffness and with higher damping coefficient than those of the inelastic system. In the other two methods the maximum inelastic displacement is estimated as a product of the maximum deformation of a linear elastic system with the same lateral stiffness and the same damping coefficient as those of the inelastic system for which the maximum displacement is being estimated, times a modifying factor. Elastoplastic and stiffness‐degrading models with periods between 0.05 and 3.0 s are considered when subjected to 264 ground motions recorded on firm sites in California. Mean ratios of approximate to exact maximum displacements corresponding to each method are computed as a function of the period of vibration and as a function of the displacement ductility ratio. Finally, comments on the advantages and disadvantages of each method when applied to practical situations are given. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.