bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of metastasectomy in the management of thyroid carcinoma: The NIH experience
Authors: Pak Ho , Gourgiotis Loukas , Chang Wen‐I , Guthrie Lori C. , Skarulis Monica C. , Reynolds James C. , Merino Maria J. , Schrump David S. , Libutti Steven K. , Alexander H. Richard , Sarlis Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe studied the impact of metatasectomy on disease outcome in 29 advanced nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (ThyrCa) patients who were operated on between 1969 and 2001 at NIH to further define its role in the management of this malignancy.MethodsData were extracted by retrospective chart review. A Kaplan‐Meyer survival curve was constructed, and comparative stratification for various parameters was performed.ResultsDuring 47 surgeries, the following lesions were resected from mid‐mediastinum/hila, 17; lung parenchyma, 12; skeleton, 14; kidneys, 2; and brain, 2. All patients received multiple radioiodine (RAI) treatments. External‐beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other palliative measures were used in selected patients. Six patients (21%) died within 74.7 ± 54.7 months after the first distant metastasectomy. The outcome of the remaining patients was as follows: complete remission, 3; partial remission, 10; and 10: progressive disease, 10, with a follow‐up of 175 patient‐years. Metastasectomy led to a decrease of 38% in thyroglobulin levels in 23 patients. Cumulative survival rates were 78.5 ± 8.4% at 5 years and 50.2 ± 12.5% at 10 years (mean ±SEM) after initial distant metastasectomy.ConclusionsOur data show that extensive targeted metastasectomy in the setting of a tertiary center can be beneficial to patients with disseminated ThyrCa with persistent or recurrent distant disease, when used in conjunction with nonsurgical treatment modalities. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:10–18. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capturing pressure‐dependence in automated mechanism generation: Reactions through cycloalkyl intermediates
Authors: Matheu David M. , Green William H. , Grenda Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractChemical kinetic mechanisms for gas‐phase processes (including combustion, pyrolysis, partial oxidation, or the atmospheric oxidation of organics) will often contain hundreds of species and thousands of reactions. The size and complexity of such models, and the need to ensure that important pathways are not left out, have inspired the use of computer tools to generate such large chemical mechanisms automatically. But the models produced by existing computerized mechanism generation codes, as well as a great many large mechanisms generated by hand, do not include pressure‐dependence in a general way. This is due to the difficulty of computing the large number of k(T, P) estimates required.Here we present a fast, automated method for computing k(T, P) on‐the‐fly during automated mechanism generation. It uses as its principal inputs the same high‐pressure‐limit rate estimation rules and group‐additivity thermochemistry estimates employed by existing computerized mechanism‐generation codes, and automatically identifies the important chemically activated intermediates and pathways. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach on a series of pressure‐dependent reactions through cycloalkyl radical intermediates, including systems with over 90 isomers and 200 accessible product channels. We test the accuracy of these computer‐generated k(T, P) estimates against experimental data on the systems H + cyclobutene, H + cyclopentene, H + cyclohexene, C2H3 + C2H4, and C3H5 + C2H4, and make predictions for temperatures and pressures where no experimental data are available. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 95–119, 2003
Polymethylene tetraamine backbone as template for the development of biologically active polyamines
Authors: Melchiorre Carlo , Antonello Alessandra , Banzi Rita , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Minarini Anna , Rosini Michela , Tumiatti Vincenzo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe concept that polyamines may represent a universal template in the receptor recognition process is embodied in the design of ligands for different biological targets. As a matter of fact, the insertion of different pharmacophores onto the polymethylene tetraamine backbone can tune both affinity and selectivity for any given receptor. The application of this approach provided a prospect of modifying benextramine (1) structure to achieve specific recognition of muscarinic receptors that led to the discovery of methoctramine (2), which is widely used as a pharmacological tool for muscarinic receptor characterization. In turn, appropriate structural modifications performed on the structure of methoctramine led to the discovery of new polyamines endowed with high affinity and selectivity for (a) muscarinic receptor subtypes, (b) Gi proteins, and (c) muscle‐type nicotinic receptors. Thus, polyamines tripitramine (9) and spirotramine (33), among others, were designed, which were shown to be highly selective for muscarinic M2 and M1 receptors, respectively. Several polyamines have been discovered, which inhibit noncompetitively a closed state of the nicotinic receptor. These ligands, such as 66, resulted in important tools for elucidating the mode and site of interaction of polyamines with the ion channel. It was discovered that reducing the flexibility of the diaminohexane spacer of methoctramine led to polyamines, such as 70, which are endowed with a biological profile significantly different from that of the prototype. Most likely, tetraamine (70) is a potent activator of Gi proteins. Finally, the universal template approach formed the basis for modifying benextramine (1) structure to the design of ligands, which display affinity for acetylcholinesterase and muscarinic M2 receptors. Thus, these polyamines, such as caproctamine (78), could have potential in the investigation of Alzheimer disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 2, 200–233, 2003
αv vitronectin receptors in vascular‐mediated disorders
Authors: Mousa Shaker A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractVarious integrin antagonist candidates including antibodies, cyclic peptides, peptidomimetics, and non‐peptides have been clinically evaluated and shown to successfully modulate certain disease processes. This review will focus on the key role of the αv integrin (αvβ3 and αvβ5) in vascular disorders such as restenosis and angiogenesis‐mediated disorders. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 2, 190–199, 2003
Microscopic vs. Endoscopic assisted harvesting and transplantation of free groin flaps: A comparative experimental study in the rat model
Authors: El‐Shazly Mohamed M. , Kamel Assem H. , El‐Sonbaty Mostafa A. , Zaki Mohamed S. , Baumeister Ruediger G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAdvances in video technology can now permit the surgeon to view a microsurgical field on a video monitor without the necessity of physically looking through the microscope eyepieces. In this project, we investigated the possibility of the performance of rat groin free‐flap harvesting and transplantation with the visual assistance of the endoscope, and compared it with the conventional operating microscope, not for its replacement but as an alternative operating tool that may be preferred by a younger generation of microsurgeons or in certain operative and financial situations. Although there were not many technical differences between the microscope and the endoscope, we recorded significantly shorter operative, harvesting, and transplantation times by using the endoscope. The endoscope seems to be a promising new tool in performing microsurgery, with better handling and greater physical comfort for the surgeon. It is reliable, time‐efficient, and cost‐effective. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:347–351 2002
Effect of allopurinol, superoxide‐dismutase, and hyperbaric oxygen on flap survival
Authors: Prada Flavia S. , Arrunategui Gino , Alves Marcos C. , Ferreira Marcos C. , Zumiotti Arnaldo V. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe effect of allopurinol, superoxide‐dismutase, and hyperbaric oxygen was compared on axial pattern skin flap survival. An abdominal flap based on the inferior epigastric pedicle was raised in rats for this purpose. Three experimental groups were studied. In the first group, adult male Wistar rats received 50 mg/kg I.P. of allopurinol. The second received 20,000 I.U./kg of superoxide‐dismutase. The third group was submitted to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The flaps were exposed to 8‐h warm ischemia. Flap survival was evaluated on postoperative day 7. All flaps survived, and the mean survival areas were 63.53%, 83.03%, and 55.98%, respectively, in the allopurinol, superoxide‐dismutase, and hyperbaric groups. The percentage of flap necrosis was significantly smaller in all experimental groups when compared to controls (P < 0.05). It was clear that the superoxide‐dismutase group had better results on axial pattern ischemic skin flap survival, under the tested conditions. The tested methods improved flap survival to ischemic injury, and the flap designed is a reliable model for further investigations. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:352–360 2002
Averaging a transport equation with small diffusion and oscillating velocity
Authors: Bourgeat A. , Jurak M. , Piatnitski A. L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA complete asymptotic expansion is constructed for the transport equation with diffusion term small with respect to the convection. Error estimates are obtained by using matched asymptotic expansion technique and building all the boundary layer terms in time and in space, necessary for obtaining an accurate error estimate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The elastic echo problem
Authors: Mabrouk Mongi , Helali Zouheir 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe consider a homogeneous isotropic unbounded linear elastic medium Ω⊂ℝ3, having a free boundary Γ. A forcing f(t,x) creates an incident displacement field u0(t,x). This primary field is scattered by Γ giving rise to a secondary field or echo, for which we determine the asymptotic behaviour in time. These results are obtained via the use of an tension of the time‐dependent scattering theory of C. Wilcox. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A FEM–DtN formulation for a non‐linear exterior problem in incompressible elasticity
Authors: Gatica Gabriel N. , Gatica Luis F. , Stephan Ernst P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we combine the usual finite element method with a Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann (DtN) mapping, derived in terms of an infinite Fourier series, to study the solvability and Galerkin approximations of an exterior transmission problem arising in non‐linear incompressible 2d‐elasticity. We show that the variational formulation can be written in a Stokes‐type mixed form with a linear constraint and a non‐linear main operator. Then, we provide the uniqueness of solution for the continuous and discrete formulations, and derive a Cea‐type estimate for the associated error. In particular, our error analysis considers the practical case in which the DtN mapping is approximated by the corresponding finite Fourier series. Finally, a reliable a posteriori error estimate, well suited for adaptive computations, is also given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniform boundedness of the magnetic field in a resistive plasma
Authors: Núñez Manuel 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWhile the magnetic energy in a plasma can be easily bounded by classical energy inequalities, the behaviour of the maximum of the magnetic field is less clear. In fact, the field in chaotic flows appears to concentrate in progressively smaller regions of the domain, so that conceivably it could grow there without limit. However, we prove that as long as the magnetic energy and the plasma remain bounded, so does the magnetic field. The dependence of these bounds on the main plasma parameters is analysed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoskeletal dynamics underlying collateral membrane protrusions induced by neurotrophins in cultured Xenopus embryonic neurons
Authors: Gibney Jean , Zheng James Q. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe establishment and refinement of neuronal connections depend on dynamic modification of the morphology and physiology of developing axons in response to extrinsic factors. In embryonic cultures of Xenopus spinal neurons, acute application of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced rapid collateral protrusion of filopodium‐like microspikes and lamellipodia along the neurite processes, leading to a morphologic alternation of the neuron. Both types of membrane protrusions contained high concentrations of actin filaments and depended on the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescent staining, however, revealed the presence of microtubules (MTs) in lamellipodia induced by BDNF. These MTs appeared to have arisen from debundling of MTs in the neurite shaft at the protrusion sites, splaying and extending in the rapidly protruding lamellipodia. Inhibition of microtubule polymerization by nocodazole largely abolished the formation of lamellipodia but not of microspikes. Taken together, our results suggest that collateral sprouting of microspikes and lamellipodia involve distinctly different cytoskeletal mechanisms. Although the actin cytoskeleton is solely responsible for microspike formation, cooperative efforts by microtubules and actin filaments are essential for lamellipodial protrusion in response to extrinsic factors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 393–405, 2003
Multilevel block factorizations in generalized hierarchical bases
Authors: Chow Edmond , Vassilevski Panayot S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the use of a generalized hierarchical basis transformation at each level of a multilevel block factorization. The factorization may be used as a preconditioner to the conjugate gradient method, or the structure it sets up may be used to define a multigrid method. The basis transformation is performed with an averaged piecewise constant interpolant and is applicable to unstructured elliptic problems. The results show greatly improved convergence rate when the transformation is applied for solving sample diffusion and elasticity problems. The cost of the method, however, grows and can get very high with the number of non‐zeros per row. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary intraosseous meningioma in a skull of the medieval period of Southwestern Germany
Authors: Weber Jochen , Czarnetzki Alfred 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPrimary intraosseous calvarial meningiomas are very rare entities in recent times. We present the first case in antiquity of a primary intraosseous meningioma in the frontoparietal bone associated with the coronal suture, and discuss its pathology. The skull derives from southwestern Germany and is dated to the 12th–14th centuries AD. The lesion is interpreted as a solitary osteoblastic neoplasm with hyperostosis on the outside, and osteolysis and radial spiculation in the central part of the lesion with an area of irregularity along the inner table. In cases of solitary osteoblastic skull lesions the differential diagnosis comprises: fibrous dysplasia, osteoma, osteoblastic metastasis, Pagets disease and meningioma with sheet‐like growth along the dural surface with marked hyperostosis (called meningioma en plaque). We believe that a differentiation between hyperostotic meningioma en plaque and intraosseous meningioma cannot be made in skulls from antiquity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confirmation of the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex‐specific DNA in three archaeological specimens
Authors: Spigelman Mark , Matheson Carney , Lev Galit , Greenblatt Charles , Donoghue Helen D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis journal published the first reported identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) DNA in ancient human remains but concerns were raised about the article two years after publication. These were based on methodology which, in the field of ancient DNA, was still developing. Here we present a re‐examination of the 1993 research conducted on three specimens which exhibited palaeopathologies indicative of tuberculosis. The specimens were: an ulna from pre‐European‐contact Borneo, a spine from Byzantine Turkey, and a lumbar‐sacral spine from 17th century Scotland. There was insufficient material to permit re‐examination of all of the original samples. The earlier results were confirmed in two independent laboratories using different methodologies. MTB DNA complex‐specific DNA amplicons were obtained, and sequenced in both laboratories, in a re‐analysis of samples which supported the earlier findings. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone remodelling following a lower leg fracture in the 11,000‐year‐old hunter‐gatherer from Vado all' Arancio (Italy)
Authors: Holt B. M. , Fornaciari G. , Formicola V. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Upper Palaeolithic skeleton from Vado all'Arancio (Italy), dated to about 11,330 BP, exhibits a severe ankle fracture healed with residual deformation. Following recovery, this young hunter‐gatherer continued to walk for an extended period of time, albeit in a mechanically altered manner. While right‐left differences in external lower limb bone measurements are relatively low, biomechanical analysis of femur and tibia indicates unusually pronounced asymmetry in all cross‐sectional measures of diaphyseal strength. Asymmetry results primarily from normal side endosteal hypertrophy, and not from hypotrophy of the injured limb, suggesting that this individual resumed active life following recovery. This pattern of asymmetry underscores the role of physical activity in maintaining bone mass. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐micron spongiform porosity is the major ultra‐structural alteration occurring in archaeological bone
Authors: Turner‐Walker G. , Nielsen‐Marsh C. M. , Syversen U. , Kars H. , Collins M. J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTotal pore volume and pore size distribution are indicators of the degree of post‐mortem modification of bone. Direct measurements of pore size distribution in archaeological bones using mercury intrusion porosimetry (HgIP) and back scattered scanning electron microscopy (BSE‐SEM) reveal a common pattern in the changes seen in degraded bone as compared to modern samples. The estimates of pore size distribution from HgIP and direct measurement from the BSE‐SEM images show remarkable correspondence. The coupling of these two independent approaches has allowed the diagenetic porosity changes in human archaeological bone in the >0.01 µm range to be directly imaged, and their relationship to pre‐existing physiological pores to be explored. The increase in porosity in the archaeological bones is restricted to two discrete pore ranges. The smaller of these two ranges (0.007–0.1 µm) lies in the range of the collagen fibril (0.1 µm diameter) and is presumably formed by the loss of collagen, whereas the larger pore size distribution is evidence of direct microbial alteration of the bone. HgIP has great potential for the characterization of microbial and chemical alteration of bone. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of ‘butterfly’ vertebra from Sardinia
Authors: Brasili Patricia , Bonfiglioli Benedetta , Ventrella Angela R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe describe a rare congenital malformation of the spine known as ‘butterfly’ vertebra, which is classified as a congenital developmental anomaly in the early embryonic period, resulting in a sagittally cleft vertebral body. In our case, the anomaly affects an adult female and involves the fifth lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra; it is not associated with other anomalies of the spine. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An identification key for dermal denticles of Rajidae from the North Sea
Authors: Gravendeel Ronald , Van Neer Wim , Brinkhuizen Dick 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAs a result of more systematic fine sieving on archaeological sites, dermal denticles and isolated teeth of rays are now more frequently recovered than before. A detailed description of the teeth is available in the literature, but no comparative study of the morphology of the dermal denticles exists that allows the identification of such elements issued from archaeological sites. A key and illustrations are provided for the identification of the dermal denticles of 10 ray species from the North Sea. In addition, the ray denticles have been analysed from seven medieval and postmedieval sites showing their potential for the interpretation of ichthyo‐archaeological assemblages. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant osteosarcoma
Authors: Alt K. W. , Adler C. P. , Buitrago‐Téllez C. H. , Lohrke B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMalignant tumours have long been thought to be rare in prehistoric skeletal samples. Numerous recent findings have contradicted this view. Well‐documented cases are of great importance in palaeopathological research. We report a malignant tumour in a medieval skeleton (Sulzburg, southwest Germany) of a child, briefly review palaeopathological research on tumours and include clinical description of the illness. The macroscopic and radiological results leave no doubt about the validity of the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The osteosarcoma had attacked the proximal femur and extensively invaded the soft tissues. The histological appearance of the tumour is typical of osteosarcoma. Diagnosis, differential diagnoses, the possible aetiology of the tumour and the fate of the afflicted individual are discussed. It is possible that the development of this osteosarcoma was affected by the proximity of the community to a lead‐silver mine. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of some novel, soluble and light‐coloured, aromatic poly(amide–imide) copolymers
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Chen Ruei‐Shin , Wei Chi‐Shu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA new type of tetraimide‐dicarboxylic acid (I) was synthesized starting from the ring‐opening addition of m‐aminobenzoic acid (m‐ABA), 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) at a 2:2:1 molar ratio in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), followed by cyclodehydration to the diacid I. A series of soluble and light‐coloured poly(amide–imide–imide)s (IIIa–j) was prepared by triphenyl phosphite‐activated polycondensation from the tetraimide‐diacid I with various aromatic diamines (IIa–j). All films cast from DMAc had cutoff wavelengths shorter than 400 nm (376–393 nm) and had b* values between 20.46 and 40.67; these polymers were much lighter in colour than those of the corresponding trimellitimide series. All polymers were readily soluble in a variety of organic solvents such as NMP, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and even in the less polar m‐cresol and pyridine. Compared with those of corresponding ODPA–MDA polyimide, the solubilities of poly(amide–imide–imide)s IIIa–j were greatly improved. Polymers IIIa–j afforded tough, transparent, and flexible films, which had tensile strengths ranging from 82 to 105 MPa, elongations at break from 8 to 14%, and initial moduli from 2.0 to 2.2 GPa. The glass transition temperature of polymers were recorded at 255–288 °C. They had 10% weight loss at a temperature above 540 °C and left more than 60% residue even at 800 °C in nitrogen.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry