bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and functional analyses of LRP5 in Neanderthals, Denisovans and anatomically modern humans
Authors: Roca-Ayats Neus , Maceda Iago , Bruque Carlos David , Martínez-Gil Núria , Garcia-Giralt Natàlia , Cozar Mónica , Mellibovsky Leonardo , Hul Wim , Lao Oscar , Grinberg Daniel , Balcells Susanna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The human lineage has suffered a skeleton gracilization compared to other primates and archaic populations such as the Neanderthals. This gracilization has been traditionally explained by differences in the mechanical load that our ancestors exercised. However, there is growing evidence that gracilization could be also genetically determined.
Results
We have analyzed the LRP5 gene from an evolutionary and functional point of view, taking advantage of the published genomes of archaic Homo populations. Mutations in LRP5 are involved in high bone mineral density conditions. Our results suggest that this gene has a complex evolutionary history both between archaic and anatomically modern humans and within the anatomically modern human populations. In particular, we identified the presence of different selective pressures in archaics and anatomically modern humans, as well as evidence of positive selection in the African and South East Asian populations from the 1000G. Furthermore, we observed limited evidence of archaic introgression in this gene at haplotypes of East Asian ancestry, compatible with a general clearing of the archaic introgression due to functional differences in archaics compared to anatomically modern humans. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed private mutations in the archaic genomes that we experimentally validated as putatively increasing high bone mineral density. In particular, four of five archaic missense mutations affecting the first β-propeller of LRP5 displayed enhanced Wnt pathway activation, of which two also displayed reduced negative regulation.
Conclusions
In summary, these data suggest a genetic component contributing to the understanding of skeletal differences between anatomically modern humans and archaic Homo populations.
Targeting the MUC1 tumor marker with an antibody improves the therapeutic efficacy of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in colon carcinoma.
Authors: Janani Marjaneh , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Arabi Leila 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Active targeting and ligand-mediated delivery are promising techniques to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drug delivery systems. In this study, we used an antibody against Mucin 1 (MUC1), which is one of the main tumor markers associated with Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil). Our results showed that MUC1-targeted Doxil (MUC1-Doxil) had significantly enhanced cellular uptake in C-26 cells compared to Doxil, as indicated by flow cytometry analyses and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). To evaluate the anti-tumor activity, therapeutic efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution, we tested Doxil and MUC1-Doxil on BALB/c mice bearing C-26 colon carcinoma. Our findings indicated that MUC1-Doxil at a dose of 15 mg/kg showed significantly greater tumor growth inhibition and increased survival rate compared to Doxil. Therefore, modifying Doxil with the MUC1 antibody resulted in an improved therapeutic outcome. Our study demonstrated the applicability of developing a targeted delivery system for efficient delivery of DOX to tumor cells using anti-MUC1 antibody, which holds great promise for a variety of tumorassociated antigens and CSC markers in various cancer models.
Comparative chloroplast genomics of Caryophyllaceae species: Insights into sequence variations and phylogenetic evolution
Authors: YANG LUCUN , Zhu Yongqing , Hua Qing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Caryophyllaceae contains 100 genera and 3000 species, many of which are valuable both ecologically and economically. However, as past research has shown, the fundamental phylogenetic relationships of Caryophyllaceae are still debatable, and molecular dating based on chloroplast genomes has not been thoroughly examined for the entire family.
Methods
In this study, we used four newly generated Caryophyllaceae chloroplast genomes and eighteen other published genomes to clarify their genetic properties.
Results
These 22 chloroplast genomes had typical quadripartite structure, with 129–134 distinct genes and lengths ranging from 133,621 bp to 153,957 bp. The 22 Caryophyllaceae chloroplast genomes showed significant variations in the number of long repeats and SSR types; mononucleotide repeats (A/T) and palindromic repeats were the most common types. Three substantially divergent areas containing atpB-rbcL, rbcL-accD, and accD were found by further comparative study, which could serve as effective molecular markers. The codon bias of chloroplast genomes in Caryophyllaceae were mainly affected by natural selection, but other factors such as mutation pressure could also affect the codon bias to some extent. Fourteen optimal codons were identified in the chloroplast genome of Caryophyllidae. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the monophyly of any of the three recognized subfamilies within Caryophyllaceae was not supported by our data. Meanwhile, seven well-supported clades correspond to 8 tribes were found in Phylogenetic trees. The results of molecular dating demonstrated that the divergence between Caryophyllaceae and Amaranthaceae was estimated to occur in 69 Ma. Tr. Paronychieae was the oldest tribe of the eight tribes included in this study, diverged at 59.92 Ma.
Conclusion
This study provides resources for further investigations on the identification, genetic engineering, evolution, and phylogeny of Caryophyllaceae species.
Moving Object Detection and Deepsort Fusion for Dynamic Object Tracking
Authors: dou fang , Tu Mei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For the problem of space dynamic target tracking with occlusion, this paper proposes an online tracking method based on the combination between the five-frame difference and Deepsort (Simple Online and Realtime Tracking with a Deep Association Metric), which is to achieve the identification first and then tracking of the dynamic target. First of all, according to three-frame difference, the five-frame difference is improved, and through the integration with ViBe (Visual Background Extraction), the accuracy and anti-interference ability are enhanced; Secondly, the YOLOv5s (You Look Only Once) is improved using preprocessing of DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transformation) and injecting GAM (Global Attention Module), which is considered as the detector for Deepsort to solve the missing in occlusion, and the real-time and accuracy can be strengthened; Lastly, simulation results show that the proposed space dynamic target tracking can keep stable to track all dynamic targets under the background interference and occlusion, the tracking precision is improved to 93.88%. Furthermore, there is a combination with the physical depth camera D435i, experiments on target dynamics show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed recognition and tracking algorithm in the face of strong light and occlusion.
Research on the bearing creep characteristics and constitutive model of gangue filling body
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Chen Bowen , Liang Bing , Sun Weiji , Jin Jiaxu , Lv Zhiqiang , Zhao Jihe , Gao Zhenbo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The creep characteristics and potential deformation regularity of the gangue backfill material are of paramount importance in backfill mining operations. This study uses crushed gangue from the Gangue Yard in Fuxin City as the research material. Utilization of an in-house designed, large scale, tri-axial gangue compaction test system. Conducting triaxial compaction creep tests on gangue materials with varying particle size distributions. An analysis is made based on different particle sizes, stresses and confinement pressures. Investigate the creep characteristics of the gangue under different conditions and explore the underlying causes. Reveal the relationship between creep deformation of gangue materials and the passage of time. Application of mathematical methods to develop a triaxial compaction creep power law model for gangue backfill materials. The results show that the main creep deformation of gangue is volume compression. The primary cause of creep deformation is the slippage and filling of pores by the finely crushed particles produced during creep fracture. At low confining pressures, the volumetric creep deformation of gangue with different particle size distributions exceeds their axial creep deformation. The external load induces stress concentration. This process involves compression, rearrangement, stress relief, adjustment and transfer of particles, which is continuously repeated and ultimately leads to deterioration and creep of the gangue. Utilization of a power function expression to elucidate the triaxial compaction creep characteristics of gangue backfill material. The established axial creep power law constitutive model and the volumetric creep power law constitutive model in double logarithmic coordinates show high applicability.
Incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in milk and dairy and assessment genotypic and phenotypic properties of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Mashak Zohreh , Khadivi Fatemeh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusbacteria are considered an emerging food-borne pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the MRSA incidence and its genotypic and phenotypic properties of antibiotic resistance in raw milk and dairy. Methods Three hundred and eighty raw milk and traditional dairy samples were collected.S. aureuswas examined by culture method. MRSA was identified as simultaneous resistance against cefoxitin and oxacillin. MRSA genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance was evaluated by PCR and disk diffusion, respectively. ResultsS. aureuscontamination rate in milk and dairy samples was 15.78% (70 of 380 samples). Thirty-eight out of 60 (63.33%)S. aureusisolates were identified as MRSA. MRSA distribution among isolates with sources of raw milk and dairy was 55.55% and 66.66%, respectively. MRSA isolates revealed the maximum resistance rate toward cefotaxime (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), penicillin (100%), erythromycin (85.78%), tetracycline (84.21%) and gentamicin (73.68%). Resistance of raw milk and dairy MRSA isolates against more than 7 antibiotic agents was 20% and 32.14%, respectively. TheblaZ(100%),blaCTX-M(100%),tetK(55.26%),msrA(50%),aacA-D(47.36%),ermA(44.73%),mefA(44.73%) andgyrA(42.10%) were the most predominant genes encode resistance. Conclusions Dairy and milk in traditional and raw formats may be MDR-MRSA sources with boosted hygienic threats to consumers.
Serum thyroxine and thyrotropin level according to the severity of acute pancreatitis in dogs with hypothyroidism
Authors: Jeong Yunho , Choi Sooyoung , Ahn Jin-Ok , Chung Jin-Young , Jung Han-Sol 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Pancreatitis and hypothyroidism are common diseases in dogs. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis controls the secretion of thyroid hormones and is influenced by various factors, such as non-thyroid diseases and drugs. This study examined whether the serum thyroxine and thyrotropin levels differ according to the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs with existing pre-existing hypothyroidism.
Results
The serum total T4, serum free T4, and serum TSH were measured to diagnose hypothyroidism. Hematological analysis, including specific pancreatic enzyme assays and ultrasonography, was performed to diagnose AP. Forty-four dogs diagnosed concurrent with AP and hypothyroidism were divided into two groups: dogs with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP). Logistic regression analysis evaluated the possible risk factors for AP development in dogs with pre-existing hypothyroidism. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the total T4 level and predict the AP severity in dogs with pre-existing hypothyroidism. The mean serum total thyroxine was significantly higher in the MAP group than in the MSAP group (p = 0.016). The group with a total thyroxine value of less than 0.4 had a 29.2 times higher risk of MSAP than the group with a total thyroid value between 0.4 and 0.7, and a 192.67 times higher risk of MSAP than the group with a total thyroid value exceeding 0.7. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the total thyroxine level and predict the AP severity in dogs with hypothyroidism.
Conclusions
The serum total thyroxine level correlated with the severity of AP when AP developed in dogs with pre-existing hypothyroidism.
Ethnopharmacology of Five Flowers herbal Tea, a popular traditional beverage in South China
Authors: Chan Kwun-Tin , Wu Hoi-Yan , Tin Wing-Yee , But Paul Pui-Hay , Cheung Sidney Chin-Hung , Shaw Pang-Chui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
It has been a long-standing tradition of using herbal tea for preventive and therapeutic healthcare in South China and Five Flowers Tea is one of the most popular herbal teas. Based on the principle of traditional Chinese medicine, the pharmacological functions are to clear heat and dispel dampness in the body. Heat and Dampness are thought to contribute to a range of health problems, especially during the hot and humid season in South China and Hong Kong. The most prevalent herbs in the formula contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which have a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammation, antivirus, anti-diarrhoea, anti-bacteria and antioxidation. However, with the composition varies widely, the ethnopharmacological benefits described may not be delivered uniformly.This study is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the composition of the Five Flowers Tea sold in Hong Kong and investigate the rationale behind the selection of herbs used in the formula. This study also provides information on the variation and quality of the Five Flowers Tea in the market.
Methods:
Thirty-three Five Flowers Tea samples were collected from various locations in Hong Kong. The size, texture, colour, and organoleptic properties were documented. Macroscopic and molecular authentication methods were employed to identify the individual components.
Results
Macroscopic identification revealed there were 23 herbs belonging to 18 plant families. The most prevalent herb was Bombax ceiba L., followed by Chrysanthemum morifolium. Ten adulterants and the existing of insect Lasioderma serricorne were confirmed by DNA barcoding techniques.
Conclusion
This study employed a comprehensive approach to authenticate the herbs in Five Flowers Tea samples collected from various locations in Hong Kong. Macroscopic and molecular methods were used to identify the herbs and adulterants. The findings revealed the varied composition in Five Flowers Tea and the occurrence of adulterants in some samples. This shows that quality assurance of Five Flowers Tea is essential for the effective use of this popular folk medicine.
Effect of large material compliance on water skipping physics of deformable spheres
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhang Shaoxi , Xia Weixue , Kang Huifeng , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Taiping 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Water skipping has attracted significant focus in fluid dynamics, with robust research on rigid spheres but scant exploration into elastomeric sphere dynamics. At low impact Froude numbers, the effect of large material compliance on water skipping physics of deformable spheres are investigated. At low impact Froude numbers, the effect of large material compliance on water skipping physics of deformable spheres are investigated. The result shows that the deformability of elastic spheres enhances the ability to skip on the water surface compared to the rigid sphere. This improved skipping is attributed to the internal responses induced by deformation and an increased wetted area. The dynamics such as elastic wave propagation and motion characteristics of these spheres during skipping are influenced by their density and shear modulus. Elastic spheres demonstrate asymmetrical cavity formations and consistent deformation patterns during water skipping. Additionally, an optimal impact duration crucial for optimizing skipping efficiency of elastic spheres is determined, characterized by an inverted parabolic relationship.
Oxysterols in cell viability, phospholipidosis and extracellular vesicles production
Authors: Gonet-Surówka Agnieszka , Ciechacka Mariola , Kępczyński Mariusz , Dynarowicz-Latka Patrycja 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study carried out systematic research on the influence of selected oxysterols on cells viability, phospholipidosis and the level of secreted extracellular vesicles. Three oxidized cholesterol derivatives, namely 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7α-OH), 7- ketocholesterol (7-K) and 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OH) were tested in three different concentrations: 50 μM, 100 μM and 200 μM for 24 hours incubation with A549 lung cancer cell line. All the studied oxysterols were found to alter cells viability. The lowest survival rate of the cells was observed after 24 h of 7-K treatment. Cells incubated with 24-OH had the best survival rate of all oxysterols used. 7-K increased phospholipids accumulation in cells but the strongest effect was observed for 24-OH. Changes in the level of extracellular vesicles secreted in cells culture were also observed. It was found that all oxysterols used increased the level of secreted vesicles, both exosomes and ectosomes. The strongest effect was noticed for 24-OH. Taken together, these results suggest that 7-K and 7α-OH are the most potent inducers of cancer cell death. The lower cytotoxic effect of 24-OH correlates with greater phospholipids accumulation, extracellular vesicles production and better cells survival.
Location and Price Competition On A Uniform Path with Different Pricing Policies
Authors: Bhadury Joyendu , Eiselt H. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This paper models duopolistic competition between an online retailer and a physical store retailer with the online retailer modelled as a firm with uniform delivered pricing policy and the physical store as a firm with a mill pricing policy. Both firms seek to maximize their respective profits through an appropriate choice of location and price. The market is assumed to be given by a “uniform path” - a tree whose node weights and arc lengths are equal. Modelling reality, we consider two alternate types of transportation costs faced by the online retailer: either dependent on the relative location of the firm and a customer or independent of it. Beginning with the framework of a Stackelberg, i.e., sequential game, optimal location and price strategies are analytically derived for both sequences of market entry by the two competitors. Cases in which the leader faces the first entry paradox or can become a monopolist by strategically deterring entry by the follower are delineated. Thereafter, Nash Equilibrium solutions to the simultaneous game are identified. Salient insights from the results include: (a) the competitive pressure faced by the physical store in the presence of online competition (b) the inability of an online retailer to compete in “large” markets under the first type of transportation cost and (c) the advantage to the physical retailer of being a market leader.
Peripheral artery disease is not a risk factor of major adverse cardiovascular events in thyroxine using diabetic patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Hsu Chih-Wei , Lin Chia-Hung , Liu Pi-Hua , Lin Yi-Hsuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims:
This retrospective study investigated the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in thyroxine using diabetic patients and compared the risk factors between the MACE and non-MACE groups.
Methods:
We used longitudinal claims data from 2008 to 2017 from the Chang Gung Research Database. Diabetic patients who used thyroxine were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACE. The secondary outcomes were the differences between the two groups (MACE vs. no MACE).
Results:
After 1:1 group matching by propensity score between MACE and non-MACE group by sex, age, the interval of using thyroxine, there were 416 patients in each group. Patients with worse renal function (eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2), hypertension, history of diabetic microvascular complications, end stage renal disease (ESRD), coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and diabetic foot infection had a higher risk of experiencing MACE. Free T4 had weak positive correlation with HDL, and TSH had weak positive correlation with LDL and negative correlation with HDL (correlation coefficient, p value: 0.131, 0.022; 0.124, 0.016; -0.157, 0.003, respectively). There’s no optimal cutoff points according to the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the best discrimination point between TSH/free T4/LDL and MACE attack.
Conclusions:
In thyroxine using diabetic patients, patients with worse renal function, hypertension, history of diabetic microvascular complications, ESRD, CHD, heart failure, CVA and diabetic foot infection had a higher risk of experiencing MACE, but peripheral artery disease (PAD) was not a significant risk of MACE.
Durable, colored and dual crosslinking networks constructed in Lyocell cellulose structure for high-quality greener textiles
Authors: Xue Zhen , Fang Kuanjun , Shi Lujian , Li Xue , Feng Baohua , Xiao Zhangcao , Du Lixin , Song Yawei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

As a good alternative to natural fibers and petroleum-derived fibers, Lyocell fibers draw increasing interests owing to its advantages of sustainable forest source, low carbon emission, high strength and comfort. However, Lyocell exhibits significant fibrillation behavior under friction, which seriously reduce product quality and limit its further development. Herein, dual crosslinking networks were innovatively constructed in Lyocell cellulose structure to enhance the interaction of cellulose macromolecular chains. Bifunctional reactive dyes were firstly loaded in cellulose chains to form a primary crosslinking network. Then, the cellulose interaction in Lyocell skin layer was further enhanced after the coating by water-soluble cationic isocyanate polymer. The mechanism was determined and results showed that durable dual crosslinking networks were formed in Lyocell skin-core structure. Dye molecules could form crosslinking structure in both of core and skin layer, and cationic polymer mainly existed on the fiber skin layer to construct enhanced crosslinked network. From scanning electron microscope observation, fibrillation behavior of Lyocell fibers was effectively prevented by dual crosslinking networks. Meanwhile, the durability was evaluated, showing that the treated fabric maintained good anti-fibrillation performance after washing for 50 times. Furthermore, the interaction of dyes and fibers was also enhanced by the cationic polymer via electrostatic attraction force, realizing high dye utilization efficiency. Therefore, the method possesses great potential in promoting the application of Lyocell fibers in greener textile.