bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity in rat uterine sympathetic nerves: the role of TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor receptors
Authors: Richeri Analía , Bianchimano Paola , Mármol Nelson M. , Viettro Lorena , Cowen Timothy , Brauer M. Mónica 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUterine sympathetic innervation undergoes profound remodelling in response to physiological and experimental changes in the circulating levels of sex hormones. It is not known, however, whether this plasticity results from changes in the innervating neurons, the neuritogenic properties of the target tissue or both. Using densitometric immunohistochemistry, we analysed the effects of prepubertal chronic oestrogen treatment (three subcutaneous injections of 20 µg of β‐oestradiol 17‐cypionate on days 25, 27 and 29 after birth), natural peripubertal transition and late pregnancy (19–20 days post coitum) on the levels of TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor receptors in uterine‐projecting sympathetic neurons of the thoraco‐lumbar paravertebral sympathetic chain (T7–L2) identified using the retrograde tracer Fluorogold. For comparative purposes, levels of TrkA and p75 were assessed in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) following prepubertal chronic oestrogen treatment. These studies showed that the vast majority of uterine‐projecting neurons expressed both TrkA and p75. Both prepubertal chronic oestrogen treatment and the peripubertal transition increased the ratio p75 to TrkA in uterine‐projecting neurons, whereas pregnancy elicited the opposite effect. Prepubertal chronic oestrogen treatment had no effects on levels of TrkA or p75 in sympathetic neurons of the SCG. Taken together, our data suggest that neurotrophin receptor‐mediated events may contribute to regulate sex hormone‐induced plasticity in uterine sympathetic nerves, and are in line with the idea that, in vivo, plasticity in uterine nerves involves changes in both the target and the innervating neurons.
Hemifacial Infantile Hemangioma with Intracranial Extension: A Rare Entity
Authors: Ersoy Sibel , Mancini Anthony J. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract:  Intracranial hemangiomas are uncommon, especially in the absence of diffuse hemangiomatosis or the syndrome consisting of posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, sternal clefting, and/or supra‐umbilical raphe (PHACES). We saw an 8‐month‐old ex‐premature girl with a large left‐sided ocular and facial hemangioma that had been growing since early infancy. Examination revealed a 7 × 13 cm violaceous tumor involving the left periocular region and face. Ophthalmologic examination revealed deprivation amblyopia, anisometropia with myopia and astigmatism. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a vascular tumor mass involving the scalp, face, and calvarium with extension into the orbit, infratemporal fossa, nasopharynx, lateral medullary cistern, internal auditory canal, and fourth ventricle. Marked enhancement was seen with contrast, and no posterior fossa malformations were noted. She was treated with prednisolone, which was tapered over 12 months. Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging examination at 25 months showed a marked decrease in the size of all lesions, with residual hemangioma in the periorbital soft tissues and small foci in the orbit and intracranial sites. The brain and ventricular system were normal. Intracranial hemangioma may occur in the setting of a large facial hemangioma (especially segmental) in the absence of the PHACES syndrome or diffuse hemangiomatosis. Radiological imaging should be considered to assess for intracranial hemangioma as well as posterior fossa or arterial anomalies.
Management of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Comparative Efficacy of the Newer‐Generation Prescription Antihistamines
Authors: Conboy‐Ellis Kathleen 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo discuss the efficacy and safety of second‐generation prescription antihistamines, cetirizine, desloratadine, and fexofenadine, and to inform nurse practitioners (NP) who are in a position to optimally manage patients presenting with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).Data sourcesSelected published clinical trials.ConclusionsNP, who are ideally placed to successfully manage the majority of patients with SAR, should be fully aware of the treatment options available. Although first‐generation over‐the‐counter antihistamines are convenient to use and are readily accessible, patients run the risk of experiencing adverse effects, such as sedation. For this reason, second‐generation antihistamines should be considered a better alternative; however, they need to be evaluated individually on the basis of their proven efficacy and safety. Both cetirizine and fexofenadine are equally effective at relieving the symptoms of SAR; however, cetirizine has been shown to be more likely to cause sedation and impairment.Implications for practiceIf left untreated, SAR can have a substantial effect on patients’ quality of life, resulting in fatigue, irritability, sleep disorders, and cognitive impairment.
Ocular injury in hurling
Authors: Flynn T H , Fennessy K , Horgan N , Walsh B , O’Connell E , Cleary P , Beatty S 
Published: July 2005

Objectives:To describe the clinical characteristics of ocular injuries sustained in hurling in the south of Ireland and to investigate reasons for non-use of protective headgear and eye wear.Methods:Retrospective review of the case notes of 310 patients who attended Cork University Hospital or Waterford Regional Hospital between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2002 with ocular injuries sustained during a hurling match. A confidential questionnaire on reasons for non-use of protective headgear and eye wear was completed by 130 players.Results:Hurling related eye injuries occurred most commonly in young men. Fifty two patients (17%) required hospital admission, with hyphaema accounting for 71% of admissions. Ten injuries required intraocular surgical intervention: retinal detachment repair (5); macular hole surgery (1); repair of partial thickness corneal laceration (1); repair of globe perforation (1); enucleation (1); trabeculectomy for post-traumatic glaucoma (1). Fourteen eyes (4.5%) had a final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <6/12 and six (2%) had BCVA <3/60. In the survey, 63 players (48.5%) reported wearing no protective facemask while playing hurling. Impairment of vision was the most common reason cited for non-use.Conclusions:Hurling related injury is a significant, and preventable, cause of ocular morbidity in young men in Ireland. The routine use of appropriate protective headgear and faceguards would result in a dramatic reduction in the incidence and severity of these injuries, and should be mandatory.
Response of bone metabolism related hormones to a single session of strenuous exercise in active elderly subjects
Authors: Maïmoun L , Simar D , Malatesta D , Caillaud C , Peruchon E , Couret I , Rossi M , Mariano-Goulart D 
Published: July 2005

Objective:To evaluate the effect of strenuous exercise on bone metabolism and related hormones in elderly subjects.Methods:Twenty one active elderly subjects (11 men and 10 women; mean age 73.3 years) showing a mean theoretical Vo2maxof 151.4% participated. Concentrations of plasma ionised calcium (iCa), serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and 1.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1.25(OH)2D3), as well as the bone biochemical markers type I collagen C-telopeptide for bone resorption and osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase for bone formation, were analysed before and after a maximal incremental exercise test.Results:At basal level, iPTH was positively correlated with age (r = 0.56, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (r = −0.50; p<0.01) and 1.25(OH)2D3 (r = −0.47; p<0.05). Moreover, 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)2D3 levels were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.50, p<0.01 and r = −0.53, p<0.01, respectively). After exercise, iCa and 25(OH)D decreased (p<0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) while iPTH increased (p<0.001). The levels of 1.25(OH)2D3, bone biochemical markers, haematocrit, and haemoglobin were unchanged. The variations in iCa and 25(OH)D were not related to age and/or sex. The iPTH variation was directly related to basal iPTH levels (p<0.01) and indirectly related to age.Conclusions:In active elderly subjects, strenuous exercise disturbed calcium homeostasis and bone related hormones without immediate measurable effect on bone turnover. Although an increase in iPTH could have an anabolic action on bone tissue, our findings from our short term study did not allow us to conclude that such action occurred.
Cooling methods used in the treatment of exertional heat illness
Authors: Smith J E 
Published: July 2005

Objective:To review the different methods of reducing body core temperature in patients with exertional heatstroke.Methods:The search strategy included articles from 1966 to July 2003 using the databases Medline and Premedline, Embase, Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) reviews, SPORTDiscus, and cross referencing the bibliographies of relevant papers. Studies were included if they contained original data on cooling times or cooling rates in patients with heat illness or normal subjects who were subjected to heat stress.Results:In total, 17 papers were included in the analysis. From the evidence currently available, the most effective method of reducing body core temperature appears to be immersion in iced water, although the practicalities of this treatment may limit its use. Other methods include both evaporative and invasive techniques, and the use of chemical agents such as dantrolene.Conclusions:The main predictor of outcome in exertional heatstroke is the duration and degree of hyperthermia. Where possible, patients should be cooled using iced water immersion, but, if this is not possible, a combination of other techniques may be used to facilitate rapid cooling. There is no evidence to support the use of dantrolene in these patients. Further work should include a randomised trial comparing immersion and evaporative therapy in heatstroke patients.
Role of exercise stress test in master athletes
Authors: Pigozzi F , Spataro A , Alabiso A , Parisi A , Rizzo M , Fagnani F , Di Salvo V , Massazza G , Maffulli N 
Published: July 2005

Background:The effectiveness of cardiovascular screening in minimising the risk of athletic field deaths in master athletes is not known.Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of ST segment depression during a stress test in asymptomatic apparently healthy elderly athletes.Methods:A total of 113 male subjects aged over 60 were studied (79 trained and 34 sedentary); 88 of them (62 trained and 26 sedentary) were followed up for four years (mean 2.16 years for athletes, 1.26 years for sedentary subjects), with a resting 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG), symptom limited exercise ECG on a cycle ergometer, echocardiography, and 24 hour ECG Holter monitoring.Results:A significant ST segment depression at peak exercise was detected in one athlete at the first evaluation. A further case was seen during the follow up period in a previously “negative” athlete. Both were asymptomatic, and single photon emission tomography and/or stress echocardiography were negative for myocardial ischaemia. The athletes remained symptom-free during the period of the study. One athlete died during the follow up for coronary artery disease: he showed polymorphous ventricular tachycardia during both the exercise test and Holter monitoring, but no significant ST segment depression.Conclusions:The finding of false positive ST segment depression in elderly athletes, although still not fully understood, may be related to the physiological cardiac remodelling induced by regular training. Thus athletes with exercise induced ST segment depression, with no associated symptoms and/or complex ventricular arrhythmias, and no adverse findings at second level cardiological testing, should be considered free from coronary disease and safe to continue athletic training.
Medical survey of female boxing in Italy in 2002–2003
Authors: Bianco M , Pannozzo A , Fabbricatore C , Sanna N , Moscetti M , Palmieri V , Zeppilli P 
Published: July 2005

Background:Female boxing has been permitted in Italy since 2001. According to the latest Italian laws, athletes applying to become boxers have to pass a pre-participation medical examination.Objective:To collect novel medical information from the pre-participation visits and mandatory pre-competition and post-competition examinations for all fights involving Italian female boxers in 2002–2003.Methods:A retrospective study on all official female boxing competitions in Italy from January 2002 to October 2003 was conducted. A prospective study on 28 amateur female boxers was also carried out.Results:Retrospective study: data from 664 examinations were collected. Pre-match examinations were negative. After competitions, 19/645 visits showed some injuries, with mild, soft tissue facial lesions, epistaxis, and hand-wrist problems being the most common. Prospective study: no major lesions were found during the study. One fibroadenoma, one ovarian cyst, and one intramural uterine myoma were found. One boxer was referred to a neurologist because of non-specific electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities, which persisted six months later. On a re-admission examination, which was needed because of a contest that was stopped because the referee judged that she was receiving blows to the head that were dangerous, one boxer showed non-specific EEG alterations and nystagmus. A cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scan was normal. She was allowed to participate in competitions again when her EEG returned to normal and clinical signs disappeared. Deviation of the nasal septum was quite common (68%). No major eye injuries were reported.Conclusion:Probably because of the correct preventive medical approach, female boxing is much safer than expected, and no major lesions (requiring hospital admission) were reported. Any lesions to the breast and reproductive system could not be considered to be boxing related.
Effects of intra-session concurrent endurance and strength training sequence on aerobic performance and capacity
Authors: Chtara M , Chamari K , Chaouachi M , Chaouachi A , Koubaa D , Feki Y , Millet G P , Amri M 
Published: July 2005

Aim:To examine the effects of the sequencing order of individualised intermittent endurance training combined with muscular strengthening on aerobic performance and capacity.Methods:Forty eight male sport students (mean (SD) age 21.4 (1.3) years) were divided into five homogeneous groups according to their maximal aerobic speeds (vV˙o2max). Four groups participated in various training programmes for 12 weeks (two sessions a week) as follows: E (n  =  10), running endurance training; S (n  =  9), strength circuit training; E+S (n  =  10) and S+E (n  =  10) combined the two programmes in a different order during the same training session. Group C (n  =  9) served as a control. All the subjects were evaluated before (T0) and after (T1) the training period using four tests: (1) a 4 km time trial running test; (2) an incremental track test to estimatevV˙o2max; (3) a time to exhaustion test (tlim) at 100%vV˙o2max; (4) a maximal cycling laboratory test to assess V˙o2max.Results:Training produced significant improvements in performance and aerobic capacity in the 4 km time trial with interaction effect (p<0.001). The improvements were significantly higher for the E+S group than for the E, S+E, and S groups: 8.6%, 5.7%, 4.7%, and 2.5% for the 4 km test (p<0.05); 10.4%, 8.3%, 8.2%, and 1.6% forvV˙o2max(p<0.01); 13.7%, 10.1%, 11.0%, and 6.4% for V˙o2max(ml/kg0.75/min) (p<0.05) respectively. Similar significant results were observed for tlimand the second ventilatory threshold (%V˙o2max).Conclusions:Circuit training immediately after individualised endurance training in the same session (E+S) produced greater improvement in the 4 km time trial and aerobic capacity than the opposite order or each of the training programmes performed separately.
Effects of heading exposure and previous concussions on neuropsychological performance among Norwegian elite footballers
Authors: Straume-Naesheim T M , Andersen T E , Dvorak J , Bahr R 
Published: July 2005

Background:Cross-sectional studies have indicated that neurocognitive performance may be impaired among football players. Heading the ball has been suggested as the cause, but recent reviews state that the reported deficits are more likely to be the result of head injuries.Objective:To examine the association between previous concussions and heading exposure with performance on computer based neuropsychological tests among professional Norwegian football players.Methods:Players in the Norwegian professional football league (Tippeligaen) performed two consecutive baseline neuropsychological tests (Cogsport) before the 2004 season (90.3% participation, n = 271) and completed a questionnaire assessing previous concussions, match heading exposure (self-reported number of heading actions per match), player career, etc. Heading actions for 18 players observed in two to four matches were counted and correlated with their self-reported values.Results:Neither match nor lifetime heading exposure was associated with neuropsychological test performance. Nineteen players scored below the 95% confidence interval for one or more subtasks, but they did not differ from the rest regarding the number of previous concussions or lifetime or match heading exposure. The number of previous concussions was positively associated with lifetime heading exposure (exponent (B) = 1.97(1.03–3.75), p = 0.039), but there was no relation between previous concussions and test performance. Self-reported number of headings correlated well with the observed values (Spearman’s ρ = 0.77, p<0.001).Conclusion:Computerised neuropsychological testing revealed no evidence of neuropsychological impairment due to heading exposure or previous concussions in a cohort of Norwegian professional football players.
The association between psychosocial characteristics at work and problem drinking: a cross-sectional study of men in three Eastern European urban populations
Authors: Bobak M , Pikhart H , Kubinova R , Malyutina S , Pajak A , Sebakova H , Topor-Madry R , Nikitin Y , Caan W , Marmot M 
Published: July 2005

Background:Psychosocial factors at work are thought to influence health partly through health behaviours.Aims:To examine the association between effort-reward imbalance and job control and several alcohol related measures in three eastern European populations.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland), and Karvina (Czech Republic). The participants completed a questionnaire that included effort-reward at work, job control, and a number of sociodemographic variables. Annual alcohol intake, annual number of drinking sessions, the mean dose of alcohol per drinking session, and binge drinking (⩾80 g of ethanol in one session at least once a week) were based on graduated frequencies in the questionnaire. Data were also available on problem drinking (⩾2 positive answers on CAGE questionnaire) and negative social consequences of drinking. All male participants in full employment (n = 694) were included in the present analyses.Results:After controlling for age and centre, all indices of alcohol consumption and problem drinking were associated with the effort-reward ratio. Adjustment for material deprivation did not change the results but adjustment for depressive symptoms reduced the estimated effects. Job control was not associated with any of the alcohol related outcomes.Conclusions:The imbalance of effort-reward at work is associated with increased alcohol intake and problem drinking. The association appears to be partly mediated by depressive symptoms, which might be either an antecedent or a consequence of men’s drinking behaviour.
The influence of occupational exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil on prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Boers D , Zeegers M P A , Swaen G M , Kant IJ , van den Brandt P A 
Published: July 2005

Aims:To investigate the relation between exposure to pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil in relation to prostate cancer incidence in a large prospective study.Methods:This cohort study was conducted among 58 279 men in the Netherlands. In September 1986, cohort members (55–69 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire on potential cancer risk factors, including job history. Follow up for prostate cancer incidence was established by linkage to cancer registries until December 1995 (9.3 years of follow up). The analyses included 1386 cases of prostate cancer and 2335 subcohort members. A blinded case-by-case expert exposure assessment was carried out to assign cases and subcohort members a cumulative probability of exposure for each potential carcinogenic exposure.Results:In multivariate analyses there was a significant negative association for pesticides (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.95) when comparing the highest tertile of exposure to pesticides with no exposure. No association was found for occupational exposure to PAHs (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.31), diesel exhaust (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.06), metal dust (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.40), metal fumes (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.54), or mineral oil (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.48) when comparing the highest tertile of exposure with no exposure. In subgroup analysis, with respect to tumour invasiveness and morphology, null results were found for occupational exposure to pesticides, PAH, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, and mineral oil.Conclusions:These results suggest a negative association between occupational exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer. For other carcinogenic exposures results suggest no association between occupational exposure to PAHs, diesel exhaust, metal dust, metal fumes, or mineral oil and prostate cancer.