bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kryochirurgie – ultima ratio oder chirurgische Alternative beim vulvären Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSAV)?
Authors: Kastner U. , Altmeyer P. 
Published: December 2004

Schlußfolgerung: Die Kryochirurgie ist beim therapieresistenten LSAV ein effizientes und relativ nebenwirkungsarmes lokales Therapieverfahren. Sie stellt besonders auch bei Kindern eine empfehlenswerte Alternative zu lokalen Behandlungen dar. Hintergrund: Zur Behandlung des Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus vulvae (LSAV) finden vorwiegend verschiedene Externa (Glukokortikoid‐, Progesteron‐ oder Testosteron‐haltig) Anwendung. Nicht selten lassen sich klinisches Bild und Beschwerden hierunter nicht ausreichend bessern. Inwieweit in diesen Fällen die Kryochirurgie ein geeignetes Therapieverfahren darstellt, soll überprüft werden. Patienten und Methodik: Neun Mädchen zwischen 5 und 15 Jahren (Durchschnittsalter 9 Jahre) und 22 Frauen zwischen 33 und 74 Jahren (Durchschnittsalter 54 Jahre) mit klinisch und histologisch gesichertem, therapieresistentem, progredientem LSAV wurden zwischen 1996 und 2001 nach einem einheitlichen Therapieprotokoll kryochirurgisch behandelt. Ergebnisse: Im postoperativen Verlauf zeigte sich bei allen Patientinnen nach einem einmaligen Behandlungszyklus eine deutliche Besserung der klinischen Symptomatik. Bei 5 Patientinnen erfolgte aufgrund eines Rezidivs im Abstand von durchschnittlich 10,6 Monaten ein zweiter Vereisungszyklus, 2 weitere Frauen wurden ein 3. Mal behandelt.
Klinische Wertigkeit einer dermatoskopischen Klassifikation von Clark‐Nävi
Authors: Teban Ligia , Pehamberger Hubert , Wolff Klaus , Binder Michael , Kittler Harald 
Published: December 2004

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Studie war es, die klinische Wertigkeit einer dermatoskopischen Klassifikation von Clark‐Nävi zu untersuchen. Patienten/Methodik: Die dermatoskopischen Bilder von 268 konsekutiven Läsionen, die klinisch und dermatoskopisch als Clark‐Nävi imponierten, wurden von zwei Dermatologen ohne Kenntnis der histologischen Diagnose begutachtet. Die begutachteten Läsionen wurden in Anlehnung an das von Hofmann‐Wellenhof vorgeschlagenen Klassifikationsschema für Clark‐Nävi in 12 verschiedene Grundtypen unterteilt. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt vorherrschend war der retikulär‐homogene Typ (n = 64, 23,9 %) gefolgt vom globulär‐homogenen Typ (n = 32, 12 %) und vom homogenen Typ (n = 30, 11,2 %). In bezug auf die Klassifikation fand sich insgesamt eine moderate bis gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Untersuchern (kappa = 0,58). Die höchste Übereinstimmung fand sich beim peripher hyperpigmentiertenTyp (kappa = 0,83). Histologisch wurden siebzehn (6,3 %) Läsionen als Melanome befundet. Die meisten Melanome fanden sich, je nach Untersucher, beim peripher hyperpigmentierten Typ und beim homogenen Typ. Kein Melanom fand sich beim globulären Typ, retikulär‐globulären Typ und zentral hyperpigmentierten Typ. Schlußfolgerungen: Eine dermatoskopische Klassifikation von Clark‐Nävi ist praktisch anwendbar und erlaubt mit Einschränkungen eine gewisse Risikoeinschätzung, die das klinische Management von Clark‐Nävi erleichtern kann.
On the Ionization and Ohmic Heating of a Helium Plasma
Authors: Berger J. M. , Bernstein I. B. , Frieman E. A. , Kulsrud R. M. 
Published: December 2004

A method which is used for the ionization and heating of helium plasmas in various stellarator models consists of inducing an approximately constant electric field along the main axial confining magnetic field. In this paper we present the details and results of various calculations pertaining to this method. The gas is assumed initially to be 10% ionized and at a temperature of a few electron volts.
The major approximations on which the calculations are based are (1) Maxwellian velocity distributions for the particles and (2) negligible charged particle loss across the confining magnetic field. The equations for the power balance and number balance were integrated in time numerically for a variety of initial conditions. The results indicate that temperatures of a few hundred electron volts are attainable within milliseconds with an applied field of the order 0.1 volt per cm at densities of 3 × 1013 particles per cm3. It was found that the maximum temperature is limited by power loss in bremsstrahlung radiation.
Surface Wake of a Submerged Sphere
Authors: Eckart Carl 
Published: December 2004

The problem of a sphere moving in an infinite homogeneous incompressible liquid has been discussed by many writers. The corresponding problem for a semi-infinite liquid with a free surface has not been treated earlier.
It is shown that the surface wake of such a submerged sphere is approximately the same as that which would be caused by a traveling pressure disturbance in the atmosphere above the free surface. This is, essentially, a consequence of the Bernoulli theorem.
If the motion is sufficiently slow, the surface reacts to this equivalent pressure as a barometer (equilibrium theory). For more rapid motions, dynamic effects reduce the response of the surface, but leave a wake in the region already traversed by the sphere. The calculation of this wake involves the usual distinction between incoming and outgoing waves, which is introduced in the Fourier transform of the solution. The resulting integrals are evaluated by Kelvin's approximate method of stationary phase.
Gynecologists′ Attitudes Regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination: A Survey of Fellows of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Authors: Raley Janice C. , Followwill Kristen A. , Zimet Gregorgy D. , Ault Kevin A. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical neoplasia and genital warts. A vaccine has recently been developed that may prevent infection with HPV. Vaccination for HPV may become a
routine part of office gynecology. We surveyed members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) to determine their attitudes to HPV vaccination.Methods: A survey was sent to Fellows of ACOG to evaluate gynecologists′ attitudes. Vaccine acceptability was analyzed using 13 scenarios with the following dimensions and respective attributes: age of patient (3, 17 and 22 years); efficacy of vaccine (50% or 80%); ACOG recommendation (yes or no); and disease targeted (cervical cancer, warts or both). Each scenario was rated by means of an 11‐point response format (0 to 100). Responses were evaluated using conjoint analysis.Results: Of 1200surveys that were sent out, 181 were returned and included in our analysis. ACOG recommendation was considered the most important variable in vaccine distribution (importance score = 32.2), followed by efficacy (24.5), age (22.4) and, lastly, disease targeted (20.9). Of these variables, higher efficacy was
favored; preference was given to age 17 years, with a strong disinclination to vaccinate at age 13 years; and protection against cervical cancer, or genital warts, or both, was significantly favored over a vaccine against genital warts alone. Demographic characteristics of the gynecologists (i.e., age of physician, gender, practice setting and community size) did not play an important role in the decision to recommend vaccination.Conclusion: Professional society recommendation is important for acceptability of a potential HPV vaccine. Gynecologists are willing to include this vaccine in their office practice.
Interaction of Microbiology and Pathology in Women Undergoing Investigations for Infertility
Authors: Debattista Joseph , Gazzard Caroline M. , Wood Robyn N. , Allan John A. , Allan Janet M. , Scarman Anthony , Mortlock Miranda , Timms Peter , Knox Christine L. 
Published: December 2004

Background: Cases of endometriosis with no tubal damage are associated with infertility, suggesting an immunological rather than mechanical barrier to reproduction. Laparoscopy and falloposcopy results of clinically
asymptomatic women undergoing investigation of infertility were correlated with the outcomes of microbiological screening for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis and Chlamydia pneumoniae.Methods: A total of 44 women presenting to a hospital IVF service for laparoscopic or laparoscopic/ falloposcopic investigation of infertility provided endocervical swabs, fallopian tube washings, and peripheral whole blood for analysis.Results: Of these 44 women, 15.9% (7) showed evidence of C. trachomatis infection as detected by either PCR or EIA serology. Of these 7 women, 5 (71%) had no or mild endometriosis and 2 (29%) had moderate or
severe endometriosis. Of the remaining 37 women who showed no evidence of chlamydial infection, 15 (40.5%) had no or mild endometriosis.Conclusion: Women with infertility, but without severe endometriosis at laparoscopy, showed a trend towards tubal damage and a higher rate of previous C. trachomatis infection. Although not statistically significant, this trend would suggest that, where moderate to severe tubal damage is found to be the primary cause of infertility, C. trachomatis infection could be a likely cause for such tubal damage.
The origins and evolution of links between word learning and conceptual organization: new evidence from 11‐month‐olds
Authors: Waxman Sandra , Booth Amy 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHow do infants map words to their meaning? How do they discover that different types of words (e.g. noun, adjective) refer to different aspects of the same objects (e.g. category, property)? We have proposed that (1) infants begin with a broad expectation that novel open‐class words (both nouns and adjectives) highlight commonalities (both category‐ and property‐based) among objects, and that (2) this initial expectation is subsequently fine‐tuned through linguistic experience. We examine the first part of this proposal, asking whether 11‐month‐old infants can construe the very same set of objects (e.g. four purple animals) either as members of an object category (e.g. animals) or as embodying a salient object property (e.g. four purple things), and whether naming (with count nouns vs. adjectives) differentially influences their construals. Results support the proposal. Infants treated novel nouns and adjectives identically, mapping both types of words to both category‐ and property‐based commonalities among objects.
On the origins of age‐of‐acquisition effects in the perception of printed words
Authors: Nazir Tatjana A. , Decoppet Nathalie , Aghababian Valérie 
Published: December 2004

AbstractChildren from different grades were tested in a lexical decision task. Word‐stimuli consisted of words acquired in their respective grades, and in grades previous to their own. The results showed that the proportion of errors for newly acquired words increased steadily with grade (i.e. first graders made fewer errors with words of grade one than fifth graders with words of grade five). However, the proportion of errors for words acquired in a given grade remained constant throughout the following grades (fifth graders made as many errors with words acquired in grade one as first graders did). These results indicate that the strong impact that age‐ or order‐of‐acquisition of words has on the way words will be recognized is in place at a very young age.
Is a false belief statement a lie or a truthful statement? Judgments and explanations of children aged 3 to 8
Authors: Berthoud‐Papandropoulou Ioanna , Kilcher Helga 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAttribution of a false belief is usually taken to indicate that children distinguish between a real world state of affairs and its representation by a subject. But how do they conceive of the properties of such a mental entity? Do they understand that false belief necessarily goes hand in hand with good faith? Our study explores to what extent children conflate false beliefs with lies. Sixty children aged 3 to 8 were presented with an FB situation and then asked whether the character having an FB was lying or not. Results show that up to 6 years, although correctly attributing the FB, children systematically judge the FB statement to be a lie, since it does not correspond to the real world state of affairs. Older children succeed in the lie judgment, invoking the false believer's not knowing the world state. Discussion bears on the relation between false belief and more general epistemic states.
Theory of mind: is training contagious?
Authors: Melot Anne‐Marie , Angeard Nathalie 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this study, preschool children were successfully trained in theory of mind tasks, namely false belief inference and appearance–reality distinction. Results show that both types of training had a direct effect, as measured by the improvement of performance on the FB and AR delayed post‐tests. Both types of training also had an indirect effect, as measured by transfer of the benefits of the training to the task that was not in the training. Finally, both types of training were effective even when the children were trained in a task they had already mastered.
Two‐month‐old infants match phonetic information in lips and voice
Authors: Patterson Michelle L. , Werker Janet F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInfants aged 4.5 months are able to match phonetic information in the face and voice (Kuhl & Meltzoff, 1982; Patterson & Werker, 1999); however, the ontogeny of this remarkable ability is not understood. In the present study, we address this question by testing substantially younger infants at 2 months of age. Like the 4.5‐month‐olds in past studies, the 2‐month‐old infants tested in the current study showed evidence of matching vowel information in face and voice. The effect was observed in overall looking time, number of infants who looked longer at the match, and longest look to the match versus mismatch. Furthermore, there were no differences based on male or female stimuli and no preferences for the match when it was on the right or left side. These results show that there is robust evidence for phonetic matching at a much younger age than previously known and support arguments for either some kind of privileged processing or particularly rapid learning of phonetic information.
Judgment and action knowledge in speed adjustment tasks: experiments in a virtual environment
Authors: Huber Susanne , Krist Horst , Wilkening Friedrich 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to investigate children's and adults’ knowledge of time and speed in action and judgment tasks. Participants had to set the speed of a moving car to a new speed so that it would reach a target line at the same time as a reference car moving at a higher speed and disappearing in a tunnel at the midway point. In Experiment 1 (24 10‐year‐olds, 24 adults), children's and adults’ speed adjustments followed the normative pattern when responses had to be graded linearly as a function of the car's initial speed. In a non‐linear condition, only adults’ action responses corresponded with the normative function. Simplifying the task by shortening the tunnel systematically in Experiment 2 (24 10‐year‐olds, 24 adults) enabled children to grade the speeds adequately in the action conditions only. Adults now produced normative response patterns in both judgment and action. Whether people show linearization biases was thus shown to depend on the interaction of age, task demands and response mode.
Visualizing Crowds in Real‐Time
Authors: Tecchia Franco , Loscos Celine , Chrysanthou Yiorgos 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Real‐time crowd visualization has recently attracted quite an interest from the graphics community and, asinteractive applications become even more complex, there is a natural demand for new and unexplored applicationscenarios. However, the interactive simulation of complex environments populated by large numbers of virtualcharacters is a composite problem which poses serious difficulties even on modern computer hardware. In thispaper we look at methods to deal with various aspects of crowd visualization, ranging from collision detectionand behaviour modeling to fast rendering with shadows and quality shading. These methods make extensive useof current graphics hardware capabilities with the aim of providing scalability without compromising run‐timespeed. Results from a system employing these techniques seem to suggest that simulations of reasonably complexenvironments populated with thousands of animated characters are possible in real‐time. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation
Automatic Hybrid Hierarchy Creation: a Cost‐model Based Approach
Authors: Massó J. P. Molina , López P. González 
Published: December 2004

Abstract While using hierarchical search structures has been proved as one of the most efficient acceleration techniques when rendering complex scenes, automatic creation of appropriate hierarchies is not solved yet. Well‐known algorithms for automatic creation of bounding volume hierarchies are not enough. Higher performance is achieved by introducing spatial uniform subdivision, although algorithms proposed up to now are not truly automatic, as they need some parameters to be adjusted. In this paper we present a full‐automatic hierarchy creation scheme that structures the scene in a hybrid way, combining bounding volumes and voxel grids in the same tree, selecting the search structure that best fits to each scene region. It uses no parameters at all. This efficient proposal relies on a new cost model that estimates the goodness of a hybrid hierarchy if used for rendering the scene. ACM CSS: I.3.7 Computer Graphics—Three‐Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Interpolating an Unlimited Number of Curves Meeting at Extraordinary Points on Subdivision Surfaces*
Authors: Nasri Ahmed H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Interpolating curves by subdivision surfaces is one of the major constraints that is partially addressed in the literature. So far, no more than two intersecting curves can be interpolated by a subdivision surface such as Doo‐Sabin or Catmull‐Clark surfaces. One approach that has been used in both of theses surfaces is the polygonal complex approach where a curve can be defined by a control mesh rather than a control polygon. Such a definition allows a curve to carry with it cross derivative information which can be naturally embodied in the mesh of a subdivision surface. This paper extends the use of this approach to interpolate an unlimited number of curves meeting at an extraordinary point on a subdivision surface. At that point, the curves can all meet with either

C
0

or

C
1

continuity, yet still have common tangent plane. A straight forward application is the generation of subdivision surfaces through 3‐regular meshes of curves for which an easy interface can be used.
On the Optimality of Valence‐based Connectivity Coding
Authors: Gotsman Craig 
Published: December 2004

Abstract We show that the average entropy of the distribution of valences in valence sequences for the class of manifold 3D triangle meshes and the class of manifold 3D polygon meshes is strictly less than the entropy of these classes themselves. This implies that, apart from a valence sequence, another essential piece of information is needed for valence‐based connectivity coding of manifold 3D meshes. Since there is no upper bound on the size of this extra piece of information, the result implies that the question of optimality of valence‐based connectivity coding is still open.
Democracies and Inefficiency
Authors: Baba S. A. 
Published: December 2004

A government‐interest group model is presented. Voters are neither always rationally ignorant nor always fully informed. Voters' information is variable. Unlike other models that assume a vote production function, this model considers the voter's utility and shows how rational voters with limited information can sometimes vote for inefficient policies.If voters can be informed inexpensively, then democracies are efficient. If the cost of informing voters is prohibitive, then pressure groups efficiently extract rent. If the cost of informing voters is low for efficient direct handouts, but high for inefficient policies, then inefficient redistributions will occur.
Economic transition and elections in Poland1
Authors: Jackson John E. , Klich Jacek , Poznańska Krystyna 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPoland's economic and political transition, one of the most successful, has depended very heavily on job creation in new firms to replace the jobs lost in the formerly state‐owned enterprises. This paper uses survey and aggregate data from three Polish elections to suggest that these de novo firms, the individuals they employ, and the residents in the local areas where they exist become an important constituency supporting pro‐reform political parties and constraining the actions of parties less sympathetic to the reforms. The creation of this political constituency helps explain how countries can successfully pursue both economic and political reforms.JEL classification: D72, P26.
Gross job flows in Ukraine
Authors: Konings Jozef , Kupets Olga , Lehmann Hartmut 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper documents and analyses gross job flows and their determinants in Ukraine using a dataset of more than 2200 Ukrainian firms operating in manufacturing and non‐manufacturing for the years 1998–2000. Job destruction dominates job creation in both 1999 and 2000. Another clear‐cut result of our analysis is the strong positive effect of new private firms on net employment growth. We also find an inverse relationship between job reallocation and size for both manufacturing and non‐manufacturing, while only in the latter sector is employment growth inversely related with size. The main focus of the paper is the effect of trade flows on employment adjustment in manufacturing. Our results show that both employment growth and job reallocation at the firm and two‐digit sector level are affected by strong exposure to import competition and product market competition in export markets. These effects are more pronounced when we consider trade flows to the world at large and to the EU than when the analysis is based on trade flows to the CIS.JEL Classifications: E24, F14, J63, P23.
The causes and consequences of sector‐level job flows in Poland*
Authors: Warzynski Frédéric 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe look at the determinants and consequences of job reallocation in the 22 2‐digit sectors of the manufacturing industry in Poland over the period 1995–99. We find that import competition and a competitive market structure (weak concentration) have a positive and significant effect on job reallocation. Moreover, higher job reallocation is associated with higher labour productivity growth in some specifications. This confirms implications from neo‐Schumpeterian growth models: one channel through which competition might positively affect growth is through the reallocation of scarce resources from declining firms to rising ones.JEL Classifications: F16, J24, J6, O3, P3.
Moral Traditionalism and the Kinds of School‐Based Health Center Services Offered in the United States*
Authors: Williams Arthur R. , Litvak Irina , Moriarty James P. 
Published: December 2004

Objective.An earlier article published in this journal reports that morality politics and political economy variables jointly affect the offering of both sexual and contraceptive health services at school‐based health centers (SBHC). Data are reanalyzed cognizant of structural linkages: general health → sexual health → contraceptive services.Methods.To correct for spurious correlations in the earlier article, three ordinary least squares regressions with robust standard errors are estimated.Results.General health services fit a political economy model. Sexual health services are associated with morality politics. The offering of contraceptive services is influenced by the number of sexual health services offered and urbanism, not directly by moral traditionalism and political economy variables.Conclusions.Opponents and advocates of school health services are likely to engage in political strategies that address characteristics of the arenas in which different types of services are offered.