bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes for overlapping stents in the extracranial carotid artery
Authors: Lesley Walter S. , Weigele John B. , Chaloupka John C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractVarious diseases of the carotid artery are treatable by stenting. However, few reports of overlapping carotid stents exist. As a result, the indications, long‐term outcomes, and potential complications of this technique remain largely unknown. We therefore present and examine a series of 11 patients treated by this unique stenting method. A retrospective single‐institution review was performed for patients in whom overlapping carotid stents were placed. Only patients with imaging follow‐up beyond 3 months were included. Of 38 patients who had extracranial carotid artery stents placed, 11 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for both overlapping stents and imaging follow‐up greater than 3 months (range, 0.4–3 years; mean, 1.3 years). Clinical follow‐up ranged between 0.4 and 3.6 years (mean, 2.1 years). Carotid pathology within this cohort included atheromatous stenosis (n = 3), recurrent stenosis following carotid endarterectomy (n = 2) or stenting (n = 1), postirradiation angiitis (n = 1), carotid artery kink created by initial stent placement (n = 2), and both traumatic (n = 1) and neoplastic (n = 1) carotid blowout syndrome. No permanent stroke or stenting‐related death occurred. Focal stenosis or intimal hyperplasia resulting in 35% or less luminal narrowing developed in three patients (27%) after tandem stenting. Overlapping stents provide a durable treatment for a variety of extracranial carotid pathologies. Clinically and hemodynamically significant (> 50%) poststenting stenosis or intimal hyperplasia did not occur in this series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:375–379. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocellular carcinoma and liver tumors in South African children
Authors: Moore Samuel W. , Millar Alistair J. W. , Hadley G. P. (Larry) , Ionescu Gabriel , Kruger Mariana , Poole Janet , Stones David , Wainwright Linda , Chitnis Milind , Wessels Glynn 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high regional incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in South Africa also may be present in children of the region, although the link to hepatitis B (HBV) appears less clear. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and probable causes of HCC in South African children.METHODSData were obtained from seven participating pediatric oncology units and from the tumor registry to review hepatic tumors in children in South Africa.RESULTSOne hundred ninety‐four children (ages 0–14 years) presented with malignant primary hepatic tumors (1988–2003). One hundred twelve tumors (57%) were hepatoblastoma (HB), 68 tumors (35%) were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (including 9 patients with the fibrolamellar variant, 6 of which occurred in black children), 10 tumors (5%) were sarcoma of the liver, and 4 tumors were lymphoma. The ratio of HB to HCC (1.67) was markedly lower compared with other reports, suggesting a greater prevalence of HCC. Correlation with population statistics indicated an incidence of 1.066 malignant liver tumors per year per 106 children age < 14 years (HB, 0.61 per 106 children; HCC, 0.39 per 106). Two‐thirds of patients with HCC were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), and HCC occurred mostly in black African patients (93%). The mean age of onset was 1.47 years for HB and 10.48 years for HCC. A preponderance of males (3.5:1.0) was noted in the HBsAg‐positive group that was not reflected elsewhere. Serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels were raised both in patients with HB (100%; most AFP levels were very high) and in patients with HCC (69%), although 15% of patients with HCC had low or normal AFP levels.CONCLUSIONSIt appeared from the current results that HCC is more prevalent among children in South Africa compared with the children in more developed countries, although their rates were lower that the rates noted in adults. A collaborative approach will be required to improve their diagnosis and management. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Statistics of single‐molecule measurements: Applications in flow‐cytometry sizing of DNA fragments
Authors: Ferris Matthew M. , Habbersett Robbert C. , Wolinsky Murray , Jett James H. , Yoshida Thomas M. , Keller Richard A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe measurement of physical properties from single molecules has been demonstrated. However, the majority of single‐molecule studies report values based on relatively large data sets (e.g., N > 50). While there are studies that report physical quantities based on small sample sets, there has not been a detailed statistical analysis relating sample size to the reliability of derived parameters.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations and multinomial analysis, dependent on quantifiable experimental parameters, were used to determine the minimum number of single‐molecule measurements required to produce an accurate estimate of a population mean. Simulation results were applied to the fluorescence‐based sizing of DNA fragments by ultrasensitive flow cytometry (FCM).ResultsOur simulations show, for an analytical technique with a 10% CV, that the average of as few as five single‐molecule measurements would provide a mean value within one SD of the population mean. Additional simulations determined the number of measurements required to obtain the desired number of replicates for each subpopulation within a mixture. Application of these results to flow cytometry data for λ/HindIII and S. aureus Mu50/SmaI DNA digests produced accurate DNA fingerprints from as few as 98 single‐molecule measurements.ConclusionsA surprisingly small number of single‐molecule measurements are required to obtain a mean measurement descriptive of a normally‐distributed parent population. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bewehrtes Mauerwerk nach dem überarbeiteten Eurocode 6, Teil 1‐1
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Baier Gunar , Schöps Peter 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMit dem überarbeiteten Eurocode 6, Teil 1‐1 liegt eine europäische Norm vor, die zukünftig eine sehr einfache Bemessung von bewehrtem Mauerwerk gestatten wird und die einige der strengen Restriktionen der DIN 1053‐3 aufhebt. Sie schafft damit Voraussetzungen für eine breitere Anwendung des bewehrten Mauerwerks auch in Deutschland.Die wesentlichen Formeln der Norm sind auf ihre Hintergründe und Brauchbarkeit hin überprüft worden. Die getroffenen Vereinfachungen und erzielten Kompromisse sind bekannt. Es ist damit eine Grundlage für die Festlegung des nationalen Sicherheitsniveaus im Rahmen der Ausarbeitung des Nationalen Anhangs zu dieser Norm vorhanden.
‘Lipoproteins, glycoxidation and diabetic angiopathy’
Authors: Jenkins Alicia J. , Best James D. , Klein Richard L. , Lyons Timothy J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe chronic vascular complications of diabetes (nephropathy, retinopathy and accelerated atherosclerosis) are a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality. In spite of the more widespread availability of intensive diabetes management, approximately one in three people with diabetes develop aggressive complications and over 70% die of atherosclerosis‐related diseases. Genetic and acquired factors are likely to be contributory. Potential mediators of vascular damage may include the interrelated processes of lipoprotein abnormalities, glycation, oxidation and endothelial dysfunction. Lipoprotein abnormalities encompass alterations in lipid concentrations, lipoprotein composition and subclass distribution and lipoprotein‐related enzymes. Nonenzymatic glycation and oxidative damage to lipoproteins, other proteins and to vascular structures may also be deleterious. As atherosclerosis is a chronic condition commencing in youth, and because clinical events may be silent in diabetes, surrogate measures of vascular disease are important for early identification of diabetic patients with or at high risk of vascular damage, and for monitoring efficacy of interventions. The increasing array of biochemical assays for markers and mediators of vascular damage, noninvasive measures of vascular health, and therapeutic options should enable a reduction in the excessive personal and economic burden of vascular disease in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverse populations of T cells with NK cell receptors accumulate in the human intestine in health and in colorectal cancer
Authors: O'Keeffe Joan , Doherty Derek G. , Kenna Tony , Sheahan Kieran , O'Donoghue Diarmuid P. , Hyland John M. , O'Farrelly Cliona 
Published: June 2004

AbstractT cells expressing NK cell receptors (NKR) display rapid MHC‐unrestricted cytotoxicity and potent cytokine secretion and are thought to play roles in immunity against tumors. We have quantified and characterized NKR+ T cells freshly isolated from epithelial and lamina propria layers of duodenum and colon from 16 individuals with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease and from tumor and uninvolved tissue from 19 patients with colorectal cancer. NKR+ T cell subpopulations were differentially distributed in different intestinal compartments, and CD161+ T cells accounted for over one half of T cells at all locations tested. Most intestinal CD161+ T cells expressed α β TCR and either CD4 or CD8. Significant proportions expressed HLA‐DR,CD69 and Fas ligand. Upon stimulation in vitro, CD161+ T cells produced IFN‐γ and TNF‐α but not IL‐4. NKT cells expressing the Vα24Vβ11 TCR, which recognizes CD1d,were virtually absent from the intestine, but colonic cells produced IFN‐γ in response to the NKT cell agonist ligand α‐galactosylceramide. NKR+ T cells were not expanded in colonic tumors compared to adjacent uninvolved tissue. The predominance, heterogeneity and differential distribution of NKR+ T cells at different intestinal locations suggests that they are central to intestinal immunity.
Phosphane‐Catalyzed Reactions of LAlH2 with Elemental Chalcogens; Preparation of [LAl(μ‐E)2AlL] [E = S, Se, Te, L = HC{C(Me)N(Ar)}2, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3]
Authors: Jancik Vojtech , Moya Cabrera Monica M. , Roesky Herbert W. , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Neculai Dante , Neculai Ana M. , Noltemeyer Mathias , Schmidt Hans‐Georg 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAddition of catalytic amounts of a phosphane to a reaction mixture containing LAlH2 [2; L = HC{C(Me)N(Ar)}2, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3] and elemental Se or Te resulted in the formation of poorly soluble [LAl(μ‐Se)2AlL] (3) and [LAl(μ‐Te)2AlL] (4), respectively. The sulfur analogue [LAl(μ‐S)2AlL] (5) could not be obtained from the direct reaction of 2 with elemental sulfur; consequently, its synthesis was successfully achieved from the reaction of [LAlH2] and [LAl(SH)2]. A possible mechanism for the formation of [LAl(μ‐Se)2AlL] and [LAl(μ‐Te)2AlL] is discussed. The molecular structures of compounds 3−5 were determined by X‐ray structure analyses. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Interaction of the [GaH4]− Anion with Weak XH Acids − A Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study
Authors: Belkova Natalia V. , Filippov Oleg A. , Filin Andrey M. , Teplitskaya Liliya N. , Shmyrova Yulia V. , Gavrilenko Vyacheslav V. , Golubinskaya Ludmila M. , Bregadze Vladimir I. , Epstein Lina M. , Shubina Elena S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe dihydrogen bonding (DHB) between the hydride atom of the [Bu4N][GaH4] salt and different XH acids, namely CF3CH2OH, FCH2CH2OH, iPrOH, MeOH, indole and 4‐O2NC6H4NH2, has been investigated for the first time by low‐temperature IR spectroscopy. The DHB spectroscopic and thermodynamic parameters in solvents of low polarity and high basicity (Ej = 1.37) were obtained. The nature, structures, energies and electron distributions of the model DHB complexes of GaH4− with H2O, MeOH, CF3OH, H2NCF3 or NO2C6H4NH2 were studied by DFT calculations and compared with those of the analogous complexes of BH4− with H2O, MeOH or CF3OH. Two types of DHB structures with monodentate and symmetric chelate coordination were found. The lengthening of the X−H and Ga−H bonds, electron polarization and overlap population of the H···H bond are greater in the first type of structure. A comparative analysis of experimental data demonstrates that the spectroscopic and thermodynamic characteristics, e.g. ν(XH) and ν(GaH) band shifts, ν(XH)bonded integral intensities, formation enthalpies and Ej of all the DHB complexes increase down the group (BH4−·HX < GaH4−·HX). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Relationships between exercise behaviour, eating‐disordered behaviour and quality of life in a community sample of women: when is exercise ‘excessive’?
Authors: Mond J. M. , Hay P. J. , Rodgers B. , Owen C. , Beumont P. J. V. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo examine relationships between exercise behaviour, eating‐disordered behaviour and quality of life in a community sample of women.MethodSelf‐report measures of frequency of exercise, obligatoriness of exercise and motivation for exercise, and of eating disorder psychopathology and quality of life, were completed by 169 women aged 18–45 who engaged in regular exercise.ResultsExercising to improve appearance or body tone, and feelings of guilt following the postponement of exercise, were the exercise variables most strongly associated with elevated levels of eating disorder psychopathology and, in turn, reduced quality of life. There was no association between exercise behaviour and quality of life independent of the effects of eating disorder psychopathology.ConclusionsOperational definitions of ‘excessive exercise’ might usefully include reference to the use of exercise to improve appearance or body tone and the experience of guilt following postponement of exercise. Inclusion of such information in prevention programmes for eating disorders may also be of benefit. ‘Excessive exercise’ is unlikely to be associated with impairment in psychosocial functioning in the absence of eating disorder psychopathology. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Chemical composition of the essential oils from fruits, leaves and ﬂowers of the Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)
Authors: Lis Anna , Boczek Ewa , Góra Józef 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe essential oils from fruits, leaves and ﬂowers of the Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) were analysed by GC, GC–MS and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. About 80 compounds were identiﬁed in each oil. Myrcene (62.3–70.3%) and β‐caryophyllene (6.8–10.5%) dominated in the oils from unripe and ripe fruits. The leaf oil contained β‐elemol (18.5%) and (Z)‐β‐ocimene (12.6%) as the main constituents, whereas in the ﬂower oil these were (Z)‐β‐ocimene (9.5%), β‐elemol (9.4%), myrcene (7.8%) and nonacosane (7.7%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized finite element method for the Stokes problem based on polynomial pressure projections
Authors: Dohrmann Clark R. , Bochev Pavel B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new stabilized finite element method for the Stokes problem is presented. The method is obtained by modification of the mixed variational equation by using local L2 polynomial pressure projections. Our stabilization approach is motivated by the inherent inconsistency of equal‐order approximations for the Stokes equations, which leads to an unstable mixed finite element method. Application of pressure projections in conjunction with minimization of the pressure–velocity mismatch eliminates this inconsistency and leads to a stable variational formulation.Unlike other stabilization methods, the present approach does not require specification of a stabilization parameter or calculation of higher‐order derivatives, and always leads to a symmetric linear system. The new method can be implemented at the element level and for affine families of finite elements on simplicial grids it reduces to a simple modification of the weak continuity equation. Numerical results are presented for a variety of equal‐order continuous velocity and pressure elements in two and three dimensions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shoulder and neck morbidity in quality of life after surgery for head and neck cancer
Authors: van Wilgen C. P. , Dijkstra P. U. , van der Laan B. F. A. M. , Plukker J. Th. , Roodenburg J. L. N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground.Quality of life has become a major issue in determining the outcome of treatment in head and neck surgery with curative intent. The aim of our study was to determine which factors in the postoperative care, especially shoulder and neck morbidity, are related to quality of life and how these outcomes compared between patients who had undergone surgery and a control group.Methods.We analyzed physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and social and functional well‐being at least 1 year after surgery and evaluated the differences in quality of life between patients who had undergone head and neck surgery and a control group.Results.Depression scores contributed significantly to all domains of quality of life. Reduced shoulder abduction, shoulder pain, and neck pain are related to several domains of quality of life. The patient group scored significantly worse for social functioning and limitations from physical problems but scored significantly better for bodily pain and health changes.Conclusion.Depression and shoulder and neck morbidity are important factors in quality of life for patients who have undergone surgery for head and neck cancer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 839–844, 2004
Suppressing effects of dietary supplementation of soybean trypsin inhibitor on spontaneous, experimental and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Fukuda Yoichi , Yoshida Ryuji , Kanada Yasufumi , Nishiyama Setsuko , Suzuki Mika , Kanayama Naohiro , Terao Toshihiko 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe modifying effects of a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and a Bowman‐Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI), purified from soybean trypsin inhibitor, as dietary supplements on experimental and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of murine Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells as well as peritoneal disseminated metastasis model in human ovarian cancer HRA cells were investigated in i.v., s.c. and i.p. injection models in mice. Seven groups of female C57BL/6 or nude mice were fed a basal diet (control group) or the basal diet supplemented with KTI or BBI (5, 15, or 50 g/kg). Here we show that, in an in vivo spontaneous metastasis assay, the diet supplementation with KTI (15 and 50 g/kg), but not with BBI, for 28 days immediately after s.c. tumor cell inoculation significantly inhibited the formation of lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice in a dose‐dependent manner. The inhibition of lung metastasis was not due to direct antitumor effects of KTI. In an in vivo experimental metastasis assay, the diet supplementation with KTI or BBI for 21 days after i.v. tumor cell inoculation did not reduce the number of lung tumor colonies. In addition, KTI (15 or 50 g/kg) treatment in a peritoneal disseminated metastasis model of HRA cells resulted in a 40% reduction in total tumor burden when compared with control animals. Immunoblot analysis revealed that KTI specifically reduced expression of uPA protein as well as phosphorylation of MAP kinase and PI3 kinase proteins in the cells stimulated with agonists (G‐CSF for 3LL cells or TGF‐β1 for HRA cells). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of KTI more efficiently regulates the mechanism involved in the entry into vascular circulation of tumor cells (intravasation) than in extravasation during the metastatic process. KTI treatment may also be beneficial for ovarian cancer patients with or at risk for peritoneal disseminated metastasis; it greatly reduces tumor burden in part by inhibiting phosphorylation of MAP kinase and PI3 kinase, leading to suppression of uPA expression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low expression of human tubulin tyrosine ligase and suppressed tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination cycle are associated with impaired neuronal differentiation in neuroblastomas with poor prognosis
Authors: Kato Chiaki , Miyazaki Kou , Nakagawa Atsuko , Ohira Miki , Nakamura Yohko , Ozaki Toshinori , Imai Toshio , Nakagawara Akira 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NBL), one of the most common childhood solid tumors, has a distinct nature in different prognostic subgroups. However, the precise mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains largely unknown. To understand the molecular and genetic bases of neuroblastoma, we have generated its cDNA libraries and identified a human ortholog of tubulin tyrosine ligase gene (hTTL/Nbla0660) as a differentially expressed gene at high levels in a favorable subset of the tumor. Tubulin is subjected to several types of evolutionarily conserved posttranslational modification, including tyrosination and detyrosination. Tubulin tyrosine ligase catalyzes ligation of the tyrosine residue to the COOH terminus of the detyrosinated form of α‐tubulin. The measurement of hTTL mRNA expression in 74 primary neuroblastomas by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR revealed that its high expression was significantly associated with favorable stages (1, 2 and 4s; p = 0.0069), high TrkA expression (p = 0.002), a single copy of MYCN (p < 0.00005), tumors found by mass screening (p = 0.0042), nonadrenal origin (p = 0.0042) and good prognosis (p = 0.023). The log‐rank test showed that high expression of hTTL was an indicator of favorable prognosis (p = 0.026). Immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibodies generated by us demonstrated that tyrosinated tubulin (Tyr‐tubulin), detyrosinated tubulin (Glu‐tubulin) and hTTL as well as Δ2‐tubulin were positive in favorable tumors, whereas only Δ2‐tubulin was positive in the tumors with MYCN amplification. In an RTBM1 neuroblastoma cell line, hTTL was increased after treating the cells with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) or all‐trans retinoic acid (RA), which induced neuronal differentiation. These results suggest that the deregulated tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination cycle caused by decreased expression of hTTL is associated with inhibition of neuronal differentiation and enhancement of cell growth in the primary neuroblastomas with poor outcome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generalization of irrigation scheduling parameters using the growing degree days concept: application to a potato crop
Authors: Ojeda‐Bustamante Waldo , Sifuentes‐Ibarra Ernesto , Slack Donald C. , Carrillo Mauricio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAn accurate irrigation scheduling methodology is necessary in crops with high water stress sensitivity and production cost. This involves the estimation of the scheduling parameters related with crop water requirements during phenological stages under different irrigation application systems. This paper presents several models to represent the parameters of irrigation scheduling based on growing degree days (GDD) such as: management allowed soil water depletion (MAD), rooting depth (Rd) and crop coefficient (Kc). The proposed models were applied accurately to schedule irrigation in two commercial fields of potato under two irrigation methods: surface and sprinkler irrigation. Results show that the model predicted irrigations in a consistent and logical manner. The proposed models are versatile, feasible and easily implemented in irrigation scheduling computer programs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.