bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the chromosome complement of frozen‐thawed mouse oocytes after parthenogenetic activation
Authors: Bos‐Mikich A. , Whittingham D. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFrozen‐thawed mouse oocytes were artificially activated with Sr2+ and analyzed cytogenetically at the first cleavage division to examine the behavior of the maternal chromosomes independently of the paternal complement. There was no significant difference in the rate of activation between frozen‐thawed and freshly collected oocytes and the majority of oocytes (>90%) had a normal haploid chromosome constitution. The incidence of second polar body retention in frozenthawed oocytes was low and did not differ significantly from that observed in fresh oocytes and oocytes exposed to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 0°C or 37°C for extended periods beyond those required for protection. The frequency of aneuploidy was similar for frozen‐thawed and fresh oocytes but oocytes held at 0°C without DMSO or held at 37°C with DMSO for 1 hr showed a 2.5 and 12‐fold increase in the frequency of aneuploidy compared with oocytes subjected to a conventional oocyte/embryo freezing regime. It is concluded that the procedures used in successful oocyte cryopreservation do not increase the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of maternal origin in the resulting embryos. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene transfer and expression in mouse preimplantation embryos by recombinant adenovirus vector
Authors: Tsukui Tohru , Miyake Sanae , Azuma Sadahiro , Ichise Hirotake , Saito Izumu , Toyoda Yutaka 
Published: February 2005

AbstractReplication‐defective recombinant adenovirus, Adex4SRLacZL, was used as a vector for transferring exogenous genes in mouse zona pellucida‐free eggs at the pronuclear stage. The vector contained the E. coli LacZ reporter gene under the control of the SRα promoter (SV40 early promoter‐fused HTLV‐I LTR), and the expression of the reporter gene was examined during preimplantation development in culture. Histochemical staining of the embryos for β‐galactosidase activity showed that the exogenous LacZ gene as expressed in 98% of the embryos at the morula‐blastocyst stages. As in the microinjection method, the exogenous genes could be pursued from the 2‐cell stage. Neither apparent morphological changes nor cytotoxic effects were observed. Both the percentages of embryos expressing reporter genes and the rate of development to the blastocyst stage were higher in the adenovirus vector‐treated embryos than in the microinjected ones. These results suggest that the adenovirus vector system is a useful tool in investigating the genetic control of early mammalian development. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primate reproductive organs reveal a novel pattern of proto‐oncogene c‐mos and transcription factor Oct‐3 mRNA expression
Authors: Heikinheimo O. , Dong K. W. , Lanzendorf S. E. , Gordon K. , Toner J. P. , Gibbons W. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn mice, expression of the transcription factor Oct‐3 and the proto‐oncogene c‐mos is limited to germ cells, suggesting a specific role for these factors in gamete physiology and early embryonic development. We have studied the expression pattern of Oct‐3 and c‐mos in various reproductive as well as control tissues in the cynomolgus monkey, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Northern analysis. Analogously with the data from the mouse model, strong expression of Oct‐3 and c‐mos could be detected in monkey ovary and oocytes. Unexpectedly, strong expression of c‐mos was demonstrable in the pituitary gland and the amount of mRNA expression in the pituitary was roughly equal to that found in the ovary. Of the tissues examined, the testicular expression of c‐mos was the most intense. Weak signal for c‐mos mRNA was also seen in hypothalamus and brain; however, all other tissue types examined were negative for c‐mos expression. In addition to the oocytes, expression of Oct‐3 mRNA was detected in the ovarian granulosa cells, fallopian tube, myometrium, cervix, breast, liver, adrenal gland, pituitary, hypothalamus, brain cortex, prostate, and in testis. Thus, in the cynomolgus monkey, Oct‐3 is predominantly, but not specifically, expressed in reproductive tissues. In the female monkey reproductive organs, the expression of c‐mos seems to be germ cell specific. Therefore, further characterization of c‐mos and Oct‐3 functions in primate reproductive physiology, especially in gametogenesis and early embryonic development, is highly warranted. © 1995 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene with Cp*TiCl((OCH(R)CH2)2NAr)/MMAO
Authors: Chen Jie , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Pan Li , Pan Ding , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA series of titanium complexes Cp*TiCl((OCH(R)CH2)2NAr) (Cp* = C5Me5, R = H, Ar = Phenyl (2a); R = H, Ar = 2,6‐dimethylphenyl (2b); R = Me, Ar = Phenyl (2c)) was prepared by the reaction of corresponding N,N‐diethoxylaniline derivatives, with Cp*TiCl3 in the presence of excessive triethylamine. All the titanium complexes display higher catalytic activities towards the syndiospecific polymerization of styrene in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst, and produce higher molecular weight polystyrenes with higher syndiotacticity and melting temperature than their mother complex Cp*TiCl3. The catalyst activities and polymer yields as well as polymer properties are considerably affected by the steric and electronic effect of the tridentate ligands. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1562–1568, 2005
Techniques and parameters used in compatibility tests between Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill and in vitro phytosanitary products
Authors: Da Silva Roberta Z , Neves Pedro MOJ 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe objective of this work was to test and compare different techniques used in tests for compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill and phytosanitary products, in order to develop a protocol for in vitro tests. Four modes of contact were studied between B bassiana (CG432) and the fungicides iprodione (Rovral® 500 g litre−1 SC) and azoxystrobin (Amistar® 500 g kg−1 WG), and the insecticide endosulfan (Thiodan® 350 g litre−1 EC), at three rates. The techniques consisted in incorporating the products into the culture medium (IM), combining the conidia into the products mix (MP) and spraying the products before (SB) and after (SA) inoculation of the fungus on Petri dishes. The fungitoxic effect of the products was studied on the basis of parameters such as germination, colony‐forming units (CFUs), vegetative growth and sporulation. The effect of azoxystrobin on conidial germination was significantly higher in the IM technique than in the other techniques. With regard to CFUs, the IM and SB techniques showed the greatest differences relative to the control. Vegetative growth and sporulation were more affected when azoxystrobin was sprayed before the fungus was applied. At the commercial rate, iprodione had a greater effect on the CFU parameter in the IM and MP techniques, and on vegetative growth in the IM technique, than the other techniques used; however, there was no significant difference occurred between the techniques at the commercial rate with respect to germination and sporulation. Endosulfan was more toxic to germination in techniques SB and SA, and to the CFUs parameter in techniques IM and MP. As to vegetative growth and sporulation, regardless of rate, a more pronounced effect was observed in IM than in the other techniques. It can be inferred that there are differences between techniques and that a standardization of the compatibility tests is necessary. Another inference is that these techniques should reflect realistic exposure of the fungus to chemical formulations under field conditions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Cinosulfuron: chemical and biological degradability, adsorption and dissipation in flooded paddy field sediment
Authors: Nègre Michèle , Baiocchi Claudio , Gennari Mara 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCinosulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide largely used in the extensive cultures of flooded rice in North Italy. The degradation of cinosulfuron has been investigated in sterile aqueous solutions at 30 °C at different pH values. It was rapidly degraded at acidic pH (half‐lives 3, 9 and 43 days at pH 4, 5 and 6, respectively) while the half‐life was >1 year at pH 7 and 9. Two degradation products formed by cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge were identified by LC‐MS. Degradation by selected mixed microbial cultures tested in aerobic and anaerobic conditions was very slow and attributable to chemical hydrolysis due to the acidic pH of the cultural broths. Degradation took place in freshly collected rice field water treated for two years with cinosulfuron but, in this case also, chemical hydrolysis prevailed over microbial degradation. In contrast, in flooded sediment simulating the paddy field environment, the dissipation rate of cinosulfuron was higher than expected from chemical hydrolysis according to the pH of the system, indicating the involvement of soil microflora. Although the herbicide exhibited a reduced affinity for the sediment surfaces demonstrated by the low value of the Kf Freundlich coefficient (0.87 on a micromolar basis), the rapid dissipation observed in the simulated paddy field should prevent its leaching to ground water. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnesium‐doped near‐stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystals for nonlinear optics
Authors: Wirp A. , Bäumer C. , Hesse H. , Kip D. , Krätzig E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe investigate optical damage effects and coercive fields of LiTaO3 crystals and show that these properties may be tailored for applications in nonlinear optics by Mg doping and vapour transport equilibration treatments. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sensitivity and measurement errors of Makyoh topography
Authors: Riesz F. , Lukács I. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe sensitivity and measurement errors of both qualitative and quantitative (grid‐projection) Makyoh topography (MT) are analysed using analytic calculations and computer simulations. The essential difference between the two versions is pointed out. For qualitative MT, the sensitivity is defined on the analogy of the modulation transfer function, and a simple analytic expression is derived. For quantitative MT, the measurement errors are studied using numerical simulations. Two regions of imaging exists: at smooth surfaces and small screen‐to‐sample distances, the error is determined by the pixel reading error, while at less smooth surfaces and larger screen‐to‐sample distances, the errors of summation approximation dominates. The summation errors can be decreased by an iterative method. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cathodoluminescence degradation signatures of AlGaAs‐based high‐power laser arrays
Authors: Pommiès M. , Avella M. , Cánovas E. , Jiménez J. , Oudart M. , Resneau P. , Nagle J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLow‐temperature spectrally resolved cathodo luminescence was implemented on degraded AlGaAs‐based high‐power laser bars to investigate the degradation signatures. We focused on laser bars at different degradation levels and two degradation patterns were described and attributed to two degradation mechanisms. The first one may be due to some locally poorer material quality and induces the formation of dark spots defects in injection channels, the other one (which is correlated to some damages created on the facet during the mounting of the bar) triggers the formation of some characteristic dark defects originating from the facet and extending within the (110) oriented current injection channels. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparison of simulation techniques and algebraic techniques for verifying concurrent systems
Authors: Lynch Nancy , Segala Roberto 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Simulation-based assertional techniques and process algebraic techniques are two of the major methods that have been proposed for the verification of concurrent and distributed systems. It is shown how each of these techniques can be applied to the task of verifying systems described as input/output automata; both safety and liveness properties are considered. A small but typical circuit is verified in both of these ways, first using forward simulations, an execution correspondence lemma, and a simple fairness argument, and second using deductions within the process algebra DIOA for I/O automata. An extended evaluation and comparison of the two methods is given.
A single complete rule for data refinement
Authors: Gardiner P. H. B. , Morgan Carroll 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
One module is said to be refined by a second if no program using the second module can detect that it is not using the first; in that case the second module can replace the first in any program. Data refinement transforms the interior pieces of a module — its state and consequentially its operations — in order to refine the module overall.
A method for data refinement is sound if applying it actually does refine the module; a method is complete if any refinement of modules can be realised by its application.
It has been known for some time that there are two methods of data refinement which are jointly complete for boundedly-nondeterministic programs: any refinement can be realised by applying one method then the other. Those two methods are formulated in terms of relations between states. Here it is shown that using predicate transformers, instead, allows a single complete method.
Dynamics, productivity and species richness of tropical rainforests along elevational and edaphic gradients on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo
Authors: Aiba Shin‐ichiro , Takyu Masaaki , Kitayama Kanehiro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe studied the dynamics of nine tropical rainforests on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, at four elevations (700, 1,700, 2,700 and 3,100 m) on various edaphic conditions for four 2‐year periods over 8 years (1995–2003), and examined the relationships with above‐ground productivity. Mean growth rate of stem diameter, basal area turnover rate and estimated recruitment rate (using growth rate and size distribution) correlated with productivity among the nine forests in all periods. These rates based on growth rates of surviving stems appeared to be good measures of stand turnover. However, observed recruitment rate and mortality (and turnover rate as mean of these rates) based on direct observation of recruits and deaths did not correlate with productivity in some periods. These rates may not be useful as measures of stand turnover given small sample size and short census interval because they were highly influenced by stochastic fluctuation. A severe drought associated with the 1997–1998 El Niño event inflated mortality and depressed mean growth rate, recruitment rate and basal area turnover rate, but had little effect on the correlations between these rates (except mortality) and productivity. Across broad elevational and edaphic gradients on Mount Kinabalu, forest turnover, productivity and species richness correlated with each other, but the causal interpretation is difficult given the different histories and species pools among forests at different elevations.
Brain overgrowth in autism during a critical time in development: implications for frontal pyramidal neuron and interneuron development and connectivity
Authors: Courchesne Eric , Pierce Karen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWhile abnormalities in head circumference in autism have been observed for decades, it is only recently that scientists have begun to focus in on the developmental origins of such a phenomenon. In this article we review past and present literature on abnormalities in head circumference, as well as recent developmental MRI studies of brain growth in this disorder. We hypothesize that brain growth abnormalities are greatest in frontal lobes, particularly affecting large neurons such as pyramidal cells, and speculate how this abnormality might affect neurofunctional circuitry in autism. The relationship to clinical characteristics and other disorders of macrencephaly are discussed.
A Comparison of Electrodiagnostic Tests in Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Katzberg Hans D , Bril Vera 
Published: February 2005

Objectives:
We aimed to determine whether the diagnostic yield of single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in different grades of ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is enhanced by repetitive nerve stimulation studies (RNS).

Methods:
One hundred twenty-one patients with a diagnosis of mild, moderate, or severe OMG based on clinical criteria had SFEMG of the frontalis muscle and RNS of the facial nerve. Tests results were compared by contingency table analysis.

Results:
In these patients, 19% had abnormal RNS and 95% had abnormal SFEMG. SFEMG was abnormal in 93%, 96%, and 100% with mild, moderate, and severe OMG, respectively. One patient with abnormal RNS had normal SFEMG, but the SFEMG study was incomplete.

Conclusion:
Like in generalized MG, SFEMG is more sensitive than RNS for all grades of OMG. Furthermore, if a complete SFEMG study is normal, addition of RNS does not improve the diagnostic yield.
Evidence for Increased Apoptosis of Duodenal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Cow's Milk Sensitive Enteropathy
Authors: Augustin Merja T , Kokkonen Jorma , Karttunen Tuomo J 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives:Enterocyte apoptosis induced by activated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) is increased in celiac disease (CD). A lesser increment in intraepithelial lymphocytes associated with normal villous structure is also characteristic of cow's milk sensitive enteropathy (CMSE), but no information is available about the apoptosis rate of this condition.Methods:Endoscopic biopsy samples of 21 children with untreated CMSE were compared with samples from 15 children with CD and 18 controls. Apoptosis was analyzed using the TUNEL technique and the M30 antibody from duodenal bulb and mid‐duodenum samples. Ki‐67 was used to detect the proliferation rate and CD3 to count the overall number of T lymphocytes.Results:In the mid‐duodenum, CMSE patients showed a significantly increased intraepithelial and lamina propria density of TUNEL+ cells, but no difference in the density of M30+ epithelial cells was seen compared with controls. In CD subjects, TUNEL+ counts in mid‐duodenal villous epithelium were increased. CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased in both CMSE and CD and correlated with TUNEL+ and M30+ counts among all patients. No increase in proliferation rate was seen in CMSE, and no significant correlations between apoptosis and proliferation rates were detected.Conclusions:The observed increase in TUNEL+ counts and the absence of any increase in M30+ cells suggest that the apoptosis rate of intraepithelial lymphocytes, but not of enterocytes, is increased in the small IELs in CMSE. However, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes is still elevated in CMSE, indicating that a disturbance of homeostasis of intraepithelial lymphocytes is important in its pathogenesis.
Growth Assessment in Infants and Toddlers Using Three Different Reference Charts
Authors: Nash Andrea , Corey Mary , Sherwood Kelly , Secker Donna , Saab Joanne , O'Connor Deborah L 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTObjective:To determine if the proportion of children ≤24 months old in a tertiary care facility defined as at risk of undernutrition or overnutrition differs according to different references used for assessment: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) or Tanner‐Whitehouse (Tanner) growth charts for weight‐for‐age and length‐for‐age.Methods:Lengths and weights were measured on infants (207 female, 341 male) aged ≤24 months admitted from or attending clinics in the General Pediatric or Respiratory Medicine Programs at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Weight‐for‐age and length‐for‐age percentiles and percent ideal body weight were electronically computed.Results:The proportion of all children whose weight‐for‐age was <3rd percentile (at risk of undernutrition) was greatest using the CDC growth charts (22.5%) compared with the NCHS (15.9%) or Tanner (19.2%) growth charts. Likewise, the proportion of all infants/toddlers with percent ideal body weight <90 (at risk of undernutrition) was greatest using the CDC (32.3%) compared with the NCHS (22.1%) or Tanner (25.9%) growth charts. In contrast, the percentage of children whose percent ideal body weight was ≥110% (at risk of overnutrition) was least using the CDC (18.1%) compared with the NCHS (26.1%) or Tanner (22.4%) growth charts.Conclusion:More children aged ≤24 months will be defined as at risk of undernutrition and fewer at risk of overnutrition when using weight‐for‐age or percent ideal body weight and the CDC growth charts compared with the NCHS or Tanner growth charts. As a result, requests for a more detailed nutritional assessment for undernutrition will likely follow implementation of the CDC growth charts in a tertiary care setting. As the CDC, NCHS and Tanner growth charts are growth “references” rather than “standards,” other than for screening purposes, they should not be used in isolation when assessing growth and nutritional status.
Water Deficits Affect Caffeate O-Methyltransferase, Lignification, and Related Enzymes in Maize Leaves. A Proteomic Investigation
Authors: Vincent Delphine , Lapierre Catherine , Pollet Brigitte , Cornic Gabriel , Negroni Luc , Zivy Michel 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting all levels of plant organization and, in particular, leaf elongation. Several experiments were designed to study the effect of water deficits on maize (Zea mays) leaves at the protein level by taking into account the reduction of leaf elongation. Proteomic analyses of growing maize leaves allowed us to show that two isoforms of caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) accumulated mostly at 10 to 20 cm from the leaf point of insertion and that drought resulted in a shift of this region of maximal accumulation toward basal regions. We showed that this shift was due to the combined effect of reductions in growth and in total amounts of COMT. Several other enzymes involved in lignin and/or flavonoid synthesis (caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and several isoforms of S-adenosyl-l-methionine synthase and methionine synthase) were highly correlated with COMT, reinforcing the hypothesis that the zone of maximal accumulation corresponds to a zone of lignification. According to the accumulation profiles of the enzymes, lignification increases in leaves of control plants when their growth decreases before reaching their final size. Lignin levels analyzed by thioacidolysis confirmed that lignin is synthesized in the region where we observed the maximal accumulation of these enzymes. Consistent with the levels of these enzymes, we found that the lignin level was lower in leaves of plants subjected to water deficit than in those of well-watered plants.