bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving estimation of the prognosis of childhood psychopathology; combination of DSM‐III‐R/DISC diagnoses and CBCL scores
Authors: Ferdinand Robert F. , Visser Jeroen Heijmens , Hoogerheide Kirsten N. , Ende Jan van der , Kasius Marianne C. , Koot Hans M. , Verhulst Frank C. 
Published: February 2004

Objective:  To compare the predictive validity of the clinical‐diagnostic and the empirical‐quantitative approach to assessment of childhood psychopathology, and to investigate the usefulness of combining both approaches.Method:  A referred sample (N = 96), aged 6 to 12 years at initial assessment, was followed up across – on average – a period of 3.2 years. It was assessed to what extent DISC/DSM‐III‐R diagnoses – representing the clinical‐diagnostic approach, and CBCL scores – representing the empirical‐quantitative approach, predicted the following signs of poor outcome: outpatient/inpatient treatment, or parents’ wish for professional help for the child at follow‐up, disciplinary problems in school, and police/judicial contacts.Results:  Both diagnostic systems added significantly to the prediction of poor outcome, and neither of the two systems was superior. Use of both systems simultaneously provided the most accurate estimation of the prognosis, reflected by the occurrence of future poor outcome. Even diagnostic concepts that are generally regarded as relatively similar, such as ADHD (DSM) and attention problems (CBCL), or conduct disorder (DSM) and delinquent behavior (CBCL), appeared to differ in their ability to predict poor outcome.Conclusions:  The present study supports the use of the empirical‐quantitative approach and the clinical‐diagnostic approach simultaneously, both in research and in clinical settings, to obtain a comprehensive view of the prognosis of psychopathology in children.
Successful Surgical Treatment of Mitral Valve Stenosis in a Dog
Authors: Borenstein N. , Daniel P. , Behr L. , Pouchelon J.L. , Carbognani D. , Pierrel A. , Macabet V. , Lacheze A. , Jamin G. , Carlos C. , Chetboul V. , Laborde F. 
Published: February 2004

Objective—To report the successful surgical management (open mitral commissurotomy, OMC) of mitral stenosis (MS), incorporating heart‐beating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), in a 1‐year‐old dog.Study Design—Clinical case.Animals—One‐year‐old Cairn Terrier with MS.Materials and Methods—Diagnosis of MS was confirmed by means of 2‐dimensional, continuous‐wave and color‐flow Doppler echocardiography. Surgery was performed through a left intercostal thoracotomy. CPB was initiated and the heart was kept beating. The fused commissures of the mitral valve were incised to free the cusps of the valve.Results—Left intercostal thoracotomy allowed easy observation of the mitral orifice during heart‐beating OMC. Persistent bleeding from the atriotomy site required a second surgical procedure after which the dog had an uneventful recovery. Echocardiography at 2 weeks and 1 year postoperatively indicated substantial improvement in left ventricular filling (pressure half‐time=187 ms before surgery, 105 ms [2 weeks] and 110 ms [1 year] after surgery). Enlargement of the left atrium resolved; however, moderate mitral valve regurgitation was still present.Conclusions—MS can be successfully treated by OMC, facilitated by use of CPB. Substantial improvement in cardiac function was evident by ultrasound and Doppler examination postoperatively.Clinical Relevance—OMC under heart‐beating CPB should be considered for the treatment of MS in the dog.
Evaluation of Acute Hematologic and Long-Term Pulmonary Toxicities of Radioimmunotherapy of
Cryptococcus neoformans
Infection in Murine Models
Authors: Dadachova E. , Bryan R. A. , Frenkel A. , Zhang T. , Apostolidis C. , Nosanchuk J. S. , Nosanchuk J. D. , Casadevall A. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

We evaluated acute hematological and long-term pulmonary toxicity of radioimmunotherapy in murine models of
Cryptococcus neoformans
infection. Activities up to 250 μCi were well tolerated by healthy A/JCr mice for
213
Bi-18B7 and
188
Re-18B7 monoclonal antibodies. In infected mice, doses up to 150 μCi produced only transient toxicity. The lungs of treated mice had no evidence of radiation fibrosis.
In Vitro Activities of Moxifloxacin against 900 Aerobic and Anaerobic Surgical Isolates from Patients with Intra-Abdominal and Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Edmiston Charles E. , Krepel Candace J. , Seabrook Gary R. , Somberg Lewis R. , Nakeeb Atilla , Cambria Robert A. , Towne Jonathan B. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT
The in vitro activities of moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 900 surgical isolates were determined using NCCLS testing methods. Moxifloxacin exhibited good to excellent antimicrobial activity against most aerobic (90.8%) and anaerobic (97.1%) microorganisms, suggesting that it may be effective for the treatment of polymicrobial surgical infections.
Ribosomal Mutations in
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Confer a Unique Spectrum of Macrolide Resistance
Authors: Jost B. Helen , Trinh Hien T. , Songer J. Glenn , Billington Stephen J. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Four macrolide-resistant
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
isolates contained A2058T, A2058G, or C2611G (
Escherichia coli
numbering) mutations in their 23S rRNA genes. While these mutations conferred resistance to erythromycin, oleandomycin, and spiramycin, they did not confer resistance to tylosin.
Selection during Cefepime Treatment of a New Cephalosporinase Variant with Extended-Spectrum Resistance to Cefepime in an
Enterobacter aerogenes
Clinical Isolate
Authors: Barnaud G. , Benzerara Y. , Gravisse J. , Raskine L. , Sanson-Le Pors M. J. , Labia R. , Arlet G. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Enterobacter aerogenes
resistant to cefepime (MIC, 32 μg/ml) was isolated from a patient treated with cefepime for an infection caused by a strain of
E. aerogenes
overproducing its AmpC β-lactamase (MIC of cefepime, 0.5 μg/ml). The AmpC β-lactamase of the resistant strain had an L-293-P amino acid substitution and a high
k
cat
/
K
m
ratio for cefepime. Both of these modifications were necessary for resistance to cefepime.
Comparative In Vitro Activities of AC98-6446, a Novel Semisynthetic Glycopeptide Derivative of the Natural Product Mannopeptimycin α, and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates
Authors: Petersen Peter J. , Wang T. Z. , Dushin Russell G. , Bradford Patricia A. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

AC98-6446 is a novel semisynthetic cyclic glycopeptide antibiotic related to the natural product mannopeptimycin α (AC98-1). In the present study the activity of AC98-6446 was evaluated against a variety of recent clinical gram-positive pathogens including multiply resistant strains. AC98-6446 demonstrated similar potent activities against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococci and glycopeptide-intermediate staphylococcal isolates (MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC
90
s], 0.03 to 0.06 μg/ml). AC98-6446 also demonstrated good activities against both vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible strains of enterococci (MIC
90
s, 0.12 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively) as well as against streptococcal strains (MIC
90
s, ≤ 0.008 to 0.03 μg/ml). AC98-6446 demonstrated bactericidal activity in terms of the reduction in the viable counts (>3 log
10
CFU/ml) of staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates and a marked decrease in the viable counts of most enterococcal strains (from 0.2 to 2.5 log
10
CFU/ml). Unlike vancomycin, which demonstrates time-dependent killing, AC98-6446 demonstrated concentration-dependent killing. The potent activity, novel structure, and bactericidal activity demonstrated by AC98-6446 make it an attractive candidate for further development.
In Vitro Double and Triple Synergistic Activities of Polymyxin B, Imipenem, and Rifampin against Multidrug-Resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Yoon Jimmy , Urban Carl , Terzian Christian , Mariano Noriel , Rahal James J. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Eight unrelated clinical
Acinetobacter baumannii
isolates resistant to all commonly used antibiotics were subjected to three-dimensional checkerboard microtiter plate dilution and time-kill studies at one-fourth of their MICs of polymyxin B, imipenem, and rifampin. Synergy was demonstrated with combinations of polymyxin B and imipenem, polymyxin B and rifampin, and polymyxin B, imipenem, and rifampin. Double combinations of polymyxin B and imipenem and of polymyxin B and rifampin were bactericidal for seven of eight isolates, and triple combinations were bactericidal for all isolates within 24 h. Future clinical studies using double and triple therapy with these antibacterials may provide an effective option against potentially lethal infection due to multiresistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
.
Early Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin in Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Pletz Mathias W. R. , De Roux Andres , Roth Andreas , Neumann Karl-Heinz , Mauch Harald , Lode Hartmut 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Moxifloxacin is the most active fluoroquinolone against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in vitro. However, data about the efficacy in patients are not available. We enrolled 17 patients with tuberculosis in a prospective, randomized study. After 5 days of monotherapy with either moxifloxacin or isoniazid, we detected significant decreases in mean CFU per milliliter in sputum in both groups. The calculated early bactericidal activities for isoniazid and moxifloxacin were 0.209 and 0.273 log
10
CFU per ml of sputum per day, respectively. According to the data from our study, moxifloxacin exhibits an early bactericidal activity that is comparable to that of isoniazid.
Effect of Zinc Salts on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication
Authors: Suara Rahaman O. , Crowe James E. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTZinc supplementation decreases the morbidity of lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients in the developing world. We sought to determine if zinc mediates a specific inhibitory effect against the major cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract disease, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We determined the in vitro inhibitory effect of three zinc salts (zinc acetate, lactate, and sulfate) on the replication of RSV at various concentrations of 10 and 1 mM and 100 and 10 μM. The degree of inhibition of RSV replication was examined in the presence of zinc during preincubation, adsorption, or penetration and was compared with that caused by salts of other divalent cations. Complete inhibition of RSV plaque formation was observed at 1 and 10 mM, representing reductions that were ≥106-fold. At the lowest concentration tested, 10 μM, we observed ≥1,000-fold reductions in RSV yield when zinc was present during preincubation, adsorption, penetration, or egress of virus. The therapeutic indices, determined as ratios of 50% toxicity concentration to 50% inhibitory concentration, were 100, 150, and 120 for zinc acetate, zinc lactate, and zinc sulfate, respectively. The inhibitory effect of zinc salts on RSV was concentration dependent and was not observed with other salts containing divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and manganese. RSV plaque formation was prevented by pretreatment of HEp-2 cell monolayer cultures with zinc or by addition of zinc to methylcellulose overlay media after infection. The results of this study suggest that zinc mediates antiviral activity on RSV by altering the ability of the cell to support RSV replication.
New Findings on the Structure-Phototoxicity Relationship and Photostability of Fluoroquinolones with Various Substituents at Position 1
Authors: Hayashi Norihiro , Nakata Yoshihiro , Yazaki Akira 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the phototoxicities of a series of 7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) quinolones containing various substituents at position 1 (in which the substituent at R8 is a hydrogen or a halogen) by use of a mouse model. For the 7-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl) quinolones with a halogen atom at position 8, well-known substituent groups such as a cyclopropyl, an ethyl, or a difluorophenyl at position 1 were found to be responsible for severe phototoxicity. However, when an aminodifluorophenyl or an isoxazolyl group was placed at position 1, even 8-halogeno quinolones were found to be mildly phototoxic. This is the first report of 8-halogeno quinolones that are not severely phototoxic. Two structurally similar 8-chloro quinolones (the 1-aminodifluorophenyl 8-chloro quinolone and the 1-difluorophenyl 8-chloro quinolone) were investigated further. The former was mildly phototoxic; the latter was severely phototoxic. We demonstrate that these two 8-chloro quinolones have practically the same areas under the concentration-time curves from 0 to 4 h in auricular tissue, suggesting that the mild phototoxicity is not due to pharmacokinetic instability. The rates of UV photodegradation of these compounds were also measured. We found that these two quinolones photodegrade at similar rates, suggesting that the mild phototoxicity is not attained through increased photostability. In conclusion, the phototoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones are influenced not only by the substituent at position 8 but also by that at position 1 (a new finding from this study). We also discovered a mildly phototoxic 8-chloro quinolone which did not have increased photostability.
Pharmacokinetics of Posaconazole Coadministered with Antacid in Fasting or Nonfasting Healthy Men
Authors: Courtney Rachel , Radwanski Elaine , Lim Josephine , Laughlin Mark 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTPosaconazole is a potent broad-spectrum azole antifungal agent in clinical development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. This study evaluated the potential for a pH-dependent pharmacokinetic interaction between posaconazole and an antacid (Mylanta), under fasting and nonfasting conditions. Twelve men completed this randomized, four-period crossover, single-dose study. Subjects received 200 mg of posaconazole following a 10-h fast, with 20 ml of Mylanta and a 10-h fast, with 20 ml of Mylanta and a high-fat breakfast, and with a high-fat breakfast alone. Antacid coadministration had no statistically significant effects on posaconazole bioavailability under fasting or nonfasting conditions. In the fasting state, antacid slightly increased the relative oral bioavailability of posaconazole by 15% (P= 0.296); in the nonfasting state, antacid decreased the relative bioavailability of posaconazole by 12% (P= 0.352). Food increased the relative oral bioavailability of posaconazole by 400% (P= 0.001). In conclusion, the effect of antacid on posaconazole exposure in the fasting or nonfasting state was small and is not considered clinically significant.
Possible Involvement of the Drug Transporters P Glycoprotein and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein Mrp2 in Disposition of Azithromycin
Authors: Sugie Masami , Asakura Emiko , Zhao Ying Lan , Torita Shoko , Nadai Masayuki , Baba Kenji , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Takagi Kenji , Takagi Kenzo , Hasegawa Takaaki 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTP glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), ATP-dependent membrane transporters, exist in a variety of normal tissues and play important roles in the disposition of various drugs. The present study seeks to clarify the contribution of P glycoprotein and/or Mrp2 to the disposition of azithromycin in rats. The disappearance of azithromycin from plasma after intravenous administration was significantly delayed in rats treated with intravenous injection of cyclosporine, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, but was normal in rats pretreated with intraperitoneal injection erythromycin, a CYP3A4 inhibitor. When rats received an infusion of azithromycin, cyclosporine and probenecid, a validated Mrp2 inhibitor, significantly decreased the steady-state biliary clearance of azithromycin to 5 and 40% of the corresponding control values, respectively. However, both inhibitors did not alter the renal clearance of azithromycin, suggesting the lack of renal tubular secretion of azithromycin. Tissue distribution experiments showed that azithromycin is distributed largely into the liver, kidney, and lung, whereas both inhibitors did not alter the tissue-to-plasma concentration ratio of azithromycin. Significant reduction in the biliary excretion of azithromycin was observed in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats, which have a hereditary deficiency in Mrp2. An in situ closed-loop experiment showed that azithromycin was excreted from the blood into the gut lumen, and the intestinal clearance of azithromycin was significantly decreased by the presence of cyclosporine in the loop. These results suggest that azithromycin is a substrate for both P glycoprotein and Mrp2 and that the biliary and intestinal excretion of azithromycin is mediated via these two drug transporters.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Antimicrobials against
Nocardia brasiliensis
Authors: Gomez-Flores Alejandra , Welsh Oliverio , Said-Fernández Salvador , Lozano-Garza Gerardo , Tavarez-Alejandro Roman Erick , Vera-Cabrera Lucio 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

In Mexico mycetomas are mostly produced by
Nocardia brasiliensis
, which can be isolated from about 86% of cases. In the present work, we determined the sensitivities of 30
N. brasiliensis
strains isolated from patients with mycetoma to several groups of antimicrobials. As a first screening step we carried out disk diffusion assays with 44 antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, macrolides, and some others. In these assays we observed that some antimicrobials have an effect on more than 66% of the strains: linezolid, amikacin, gentamicin, isepamicin, netilmicin, tobramycin, minocycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitroxolin, and spiramycin. Drug activity was confirmed quantitatively by the broth microdilution method. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, linezolid, and amikacin, which have been used to treat patients, were tested in an experimental model of mycetoma in BALB/c mice in order to validate the in vitro results. Linezolid showed the highest activity in vivo, followed by the combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amikacin.
Isolation and Characterization of Integron-Containing Bacteria without Antibiotic Selection
Authors: Barlow Robert S. , Pemberton John M. , Desmarchelier Patricia M. , Gobius Kari S. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTThe emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and commensal bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide. The use and overuse of antibiotics in a number of settings are contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The class 1 and 2 integrase genes (intI1andintI2, respectively) were identified in mixed bacterial cultures enriched from bovine feces by growth in buffered peptone water (BPW) followed by integrase-specific PCR. Integrase-positive bacterial colonies from the enrichment cultures were then isolated by using hydrophobic grid membrane filters and integrase-specific gene probes. Bacterial clones isolated by this technique were then confirmed to carry integrons by further testing by PCR and DNA sequencing. Integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes were detected in bacteria such asEscherichia coli,Aeromonasspp.,Proteusspp.,Morganella morganii,Shewanellaspp., and urea-positiveProvidencia stuartiiisolates from bovine fecal samples without the use of selective enrichment media containing antibiotics. Streptomycin and trimethoprim resistance were commonly associated with integrons. The advantages conferred by this methodology are that a wide variety of integron-containing bacteria may be simultaneously cultured in BPW enrichments and culture biases due to antibiotic selection can be avoided. Rapid and efficient identification, isolation, and characterization of antibiotic resistance-associated integrons are possible by this protocol. These methods will facilitate greater understanding of the factors that contribute to the presence and transfer of integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial isolates from red meat production animals.
Selection of an Antibiotic-Hypersusceptible Mutant of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
: Identification of the GlmR Transcriptional Regulator
Authors: Ramos-Aires Julio , Plésiat Patrick , Kocjancic-Curty Lasta , Köhler Thilo 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Tn
501
random mutagenesis was applied to the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
wild-type strain PAO1 to select for mutants hypersusceptible to aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents. One such mutant, called 19A, was found to be hypersusceptible to a wide range of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, colistin, erythromycin, rifampin, and glycopeptides. Light microscopy of the mutant strain revealed abnormal morphology characterized by large, filamentous cells. The drug supersusceptibility of 19A was accompanied by loss of motility, reduced resistance to osmotic and heat shock stress, and impaired growth at low temperatures. The insertion site of the Tn
501
transposon in mutant 19A has occurred in an open reading frame (PA5550 according to the PAO1 genome project), whose gene product shows amino acid sequence similarity to the DeoR family of transcriptional repressors. The gene, which we called
glmR
, is located between the
glmS
(PA5549) and
glmU
(PA5552) homologues of
E. coli
, responsible for the synthesis of UDP-
N
-acetylglucosamine-1-P, a precursor of both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan. We showed that GlmR represses the transcription of the adjacent
glmS
homologue (PA5549) in
P. aeruginosa
, possibly affecting the pool of precursors for peptidoglycan and LPS synthesis. To our knowledge GlmR is the first regulator in
P. aeruginosa
that affects susceptibility to a large variety of antibiotics and is therefore a potential target for novel anti-infective agents.
Miltefosine Induces Apoptosis-Like Death in
Leishmania donovani
Promastigotes
Authors: Paris Caroline , Loiseau Philippe M. , Bories Christian , Bréard Jaqueline 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine [HePC]) has proved to be a potent oral treatment for human visceral leishmaniasis due to
Leishmania donovani
. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to the antileishmanial activity of HePC are still unknown. We report that in wild-type promastigotes of
Leishmania donovani
HePC is able to induce a cell death process with numerous cytoplasmic, nuclear, and membrane features of metazoan apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosome-sized fragments, and phosphatidylserine exposure. None of these changes were detected in an HePC-resistant clone treated with the same drug concentration. Therefore, HePC does not appear to kill
L. donovani
promastigotes by a direct toxic mechanism but, rather, kills the promastigotes by an indirect one. Pretreatment of wild-type promastigotes with two broad caspase inhibitors,
z
-Val-Ala-
dl
-Asp(methoxy)-fluoromethylketone and Boc-Asp(methoxy)-fluoromethylketone, as well as a broad protease inhibitor, calpain inhibitor I, prior to drug exposure interfered with DNA fragmentation but did not prevent cell shrinkage or phosphatidylserine externalization. These data suggest that at least part of the apoptotic machinery operating in wild-type promastigotes involves proteases. Identification of the death-signaling pathways activated in HePC-sensitive parasites appears to be essential for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action and resistance in these parasites.