bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal study of multilevel pulvino-temporal connections: a new piece in the puzzle of lexical retrieval networks
Authors: Maldonado Igor Lima , Descoteaux Maxime , Rheault François , Zemmoura Ilyess , Benn Austin , Margulies Daniel , Boré Arnaud , Duffau Hugues , Mandonnet Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Advanced methods of imaging and mapping the healthy and lesioned brain have allowed for the identification of the cortical nodes and white matter tracts supporting the dual neurofunctional organization of language networks in a dorsal phonological and a ventral semantic stream. Much less understood are the anatomical correlates of the interaction between the two streams; one hypothesis being that of a subcortically mediated interaction, through crossed cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. In this regard, the pulvinar is the thalamic subdivision that has most regularly appeared as implicated in the processing of lexical retrieval. However, descriptions of its connections with temporal (language) areas remain scarce.
Here we assess this pulvino-temporal connectivity using a combination of state-of-the-art techniques: white matter stimulation in awake surgery and postoperative diffusion MRI (n = 4), virtual dissection from the Human Connectome Project 3 and 7 T datasets (n = 172) and operative microscope-assisted post-mortem fibre dissection (n = 12).
We demonstrate the presence of four fundamental fibre contingents: (i) the anterior component (Arnold’s bundle proper) initially described by Arnold in the 19th century and destined to the anterior temporal lobe; (ii) the optic radiations-like component, which leaves the pulvinar accompanying the optical radiations and reaches the posterior basal temporal cortices; (iii) the lateral component, which crosses the temporal stem orthogonally and reaches the middle temporal gyrus; and (iv) the auditory radiations-like component, which leaves the pulvinar accompanying the auditory radiations to the superomedial aspect of the temporal operculum, just posteriorly to Heschl’s gyrus.
Each of those components might correspond to a different level of information processing involved in the lexical retrieval process of picture naming.
Regioselectivity in the sulfonium-mediated arylation reactions of 2-substituted phenols with benzothienyl sulfoxide
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryota , Fukazawa Mizuki , Kurogi Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The regioselectivity in the sulfonium-mediated arylation of phenols with aryl sulfoxide is significantly influenced by the substituents at the 2 position of phenols. While most substituents tend to promote the expected C–C bond formation at the 6 position, alkyl substituents induce the minor formation of rearranged biaryls, the 1,2,3-substituted isomers.
Control of thermal and mechanical properties by double-cyclopolymerization and copolymerization of trifunctional POSS with varying organic substituents
Authors: Nakano Taishi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Phenyl- and trifluoropropyl-substituted corner-opening type cage silsesquioxane (CO-POSS) monomers capped with methacrylethoxypropyldimethylsiloxy groups at the three silanol moieties were prepared by the hydrosilylation of trisdimethylsilyl-capped heptaphenyl- and heptatrifluoropropyl-substituted trisilanols with ethylene glycol monoallyl ether and subsequent reaction with methacryloyl chloride. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transferpolymerization was performed on these monomers, and their structures and properties were compared to those of their previously-reported isobutyl-substituted counterparts. The polymer with a phenyl group exhibited enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, whereas the polymer with a trifluoropropyl group exhibited not only water repellency but also oil repellency. In addition, trifunctional CO-POSS monomers with different organic substituents could be used for double-cyclocopolymerization, and tuning of their properties was achieved. Furthermore, the trifunctional CO-POSS monomer could be used for double-cyclocopolymerization with methyl methacrylate without cross-linking.
Lewis acid catalyzed stereospecific hydroxylation of chiral tertiary alkyl halides
Authors: Tsuchiya Naoki , Iwashita Ichikaze , Yamamoto Tetsuhiro , Akagawa Hiroki , Nishikata Takashi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Stereospecific hydroxylation of chiral tertiary alkyl halides using silver salt as Lewis acid catalyst has been developed. A series of α-hydroxy carboxamides were obtained in high yield (up to 90%) and with high enantiospecificity (es; up to 99%). The reaction proceeded in a retentive manner. Control experiments showed that the reaction proceeds via an ionic reaction and that the hydroxide source comes from both water and DMSO.
A rotaxane-based supramolecular mechanophore featuring a pyridine group in the luminophore
Authors: Mori Ryusei , Sagara Yoshimitsu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To construct a supramolecular mechanophore library, expanding the variety of emitters that can be used is significant. In this study, we demonstrate that 9-(phenylethynyl)-10-((2-pyridyl)ethynyl)anthracene can be incorporated into a rotaxane-based supramolecular mechanophore as the luminophore. The polyurethane films in which the mechanophore was covalently incorporated exhibit instantly reversible on/off switches of green fluorescence upon cycle stretching.
Normal Infant Immunologic Assessment and Uneventful Live Rotavirus Vaccination Despite Continuous Tofacitinib Exposure In Utero and During Breastfeeding
Authors: Ernest-Suarez Kenneth , Murguía-Favela Luis E , Novak Kerri L , Panaccione Remo , Constantinescu Cora , Seow Cynthia H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, this class of medications is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding based on animal data suggesting teratogenesis and recent reports of transmammary transfer after maternal ingestion, raising concerns for immune system development in babies exposed to these drugs.

Methods
We present the case of a patient with IBD treated with a JAK inhibitor who decided to continue the medication throughout her pregnancy and during breastfeeding. This is the first reported case of a detailed immunologic profile in a baby exposed to tofacitinib in utero and during lactation.

Results
A 30-year-old female with ulcerative colitis with previous exposure to vedolizumab and infliximab achieved complete remission with tofacitinib therapy. The patient became pregnant after 5 months of JAK inhibitor therapy and decided to continue tofacitinib during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. The patient delivered a healthy offspring with no congenital malformations, a normal detailed immunologic profile, and subsequent safe provision of the live oral rotavirus vaccine.

Conclusions
This case highlights the importance of individualized counseling for patients of childbearing age who are candidates for JAK inhibition. Those who are pregnant or breastfeeding with refractory disease may have limited medical therapeutic options. Ongoing effective therapy for IBD resulted in complete disease remission in the mother and favorable outcomes in the infant. Further, an in-depth infant immunological assessment can lead to specific vaccination recommendations in exposed infants.
Limitations of apical sparing pattern in cardiac amyloidosis: a multicentre echocardiographic study
Authors: Cotella Juan , Randazzo Michael , Maurer Mathew S , Helmke Stephen , Scherrer-Crosbie Marielle , Soltani Marwa , Goyal Akash , Zareba Karolina , Cheng Richard , Kirkpatrick James N , Yogeswaran Vidhushei , Kitano Tetsuji , Takeuchi Masaaki , Fernandes Fábio , Hotta Viviane Tiemi , Campos Vieira Marcelo Luiz , Elissamburu Pablo , Ronderos Ricardo , Prado Aldo , Koutroumpakis Efstratios , Deswal Anita , Pursnani Amit , Sarswat Nitasha , Addetia Karima , Mor-Avi Victor , Asch Federico M , Slivnick Jeremy A , Lang Roberto M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Although impaired left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) with apical sparing is a feature of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), its diagnostic accuracy has varied across studies. We aimed to determine the ability of apical sparing ratio (ASR) and most common echocardiographic parameters to differentiate patients with confirmed CA from those with clinical and/or echocardiographic suspicion of CA but with this diagnosis ruled out.

Methods and results
We identified 544 patients with confirmed CA and 200 controls (CTRLs) as defined above (CTRL patients). Measurements from transthoracic echocardiograms were performed using artificial intelligence software (Us2.AI, Singapore) and audited by an experienced echocardiographer. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance and optimal cut-offs for the differentiation of CA patients from CTRL patients. Additionally, a group of 174 healthy subjects (healthy CTRL) was included to provide insight on how patients and healthy CTRLs differed echocardiographically. LV GLS was more impaired (−13.9 ± 4.6% vs. −15.9 ± 2.7%, P &lt; 0.0005), and ASR was higher (2.4 ± 1.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.9, P &lt; 0.0005) in the CA group vs. CTRL patients. Relative wall thickness and ASR were the most accurate parameters for differentiating CA from CTRL patients [area under the curve (AUC): 0.77 and 0.74, respectively]. However, even with the optimal cut-off of 1.67, ASR was only 72% sensitive and 66% specific for CA, indicating the presence of apical sparing in 32% of CTRL patients and even in 6% healthy subjects.

Conclusion
Apical sparing did not prove to be a CA-specific biomarker for accurate identification of CA, when compared with clinically similar CTRLs with no CA.
Deep learning for automatic volumetric segmentation of left ventricular myocardium and ischaemic scar from multi-slice late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Jani Vivek P , Ostovaneh Mohammad , Chamera Elzbieta , Kato Yoko , Lima Joao A C , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study details application of deep learning for automatic volumetric segmentation of left ventricular (LV) myocardium and scar and automated quantification of myocardial ischaemic scar burden from late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR).

Methods and results
We included 501 images and manual segmentations of short-axis LGE-CMR from over 20 multinational sites, from which 377 studies were used for training and 124 studies from unique participants for internal validation. A third test set of 52 images was used for external evaluation. Three models, U-Net, Cascaded U-Net, and U-Net++, were trained with a novel adaptive weighted categorical cross-entropy loss function. Model performance was evaluated using concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) for LV mass and per cent myocardial scar burden. Cascaded U-Net was found to be the best model for the quantification of LV mass and scar percentage. The model exhibited a mean difference of −5 ± 23 g for LV mass, −0.4 ± 11.2 g for scar mass, and −0.8 ± 7% for per cent scar. CCC were 0.87, 0.77, and 0.78 for LV mass, scar mass, and per cent scar burden, respectively, in the internal validation set and 0.75, 0.71, and 0.69, respectively, in the external test set. For segmental scar mass, CCC was 0.74 for apical scar, 0.91 for mid-ventricular scar, and 0.73 for basal scar, demonstrating moderate to strong agreement.

Conclusion
We successfully trained a convolutional neural network for volumetric segmentation and analysis of LV scar burden from LGE-CMR images in a large, multinational cohort of participants with ischaemic scar.
Reconsidering the developmental origins of adult disease paradigm
Authors: Wells Jonathan C K , Desoye Gernot , Leon David A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In uncomplicated pregnancies, birthweight is inversely associated with adult non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. One proposed mechanism is maternal malnutrition during pregnancy. Another explanation is that shared genes link birthweight with NCDs. Both hypotheses are supported, but evolutionary perspectives address only the environmental pathway. We propose that genetic and environmental associations of birthweight with NCD risk reflect coordinated regulatory systems between mother and foetus, that evolved to reduce risks of obstructed labour. First, the foetus must tailor its growth to maternal metabolic signals, as it cannot predict the size of the birth canal from its own genome. Second, we predict that maternal alleles that promote placental nutrient supply have been selected to constrain foetal growth and gestation length when fetally expressed. Conversely, maternal alleles that increase birth canal size have been selected to promote foetal growth and gestation when fetally expressed. Evidence supports these hypotheses. These regulatory mechanisms may have undergone powerful selection as hominin neonates evolved larger size and encephalisation, since every mother is at risk of gestating a baby excessively for her pelvis. Our perspective can explain the inverse association of birthweight with NCD risk across most of the birthweight range: any constraint of birthweight, through plastic or genetic mechanisms, may reduce the capacity for homeostasis and increase NCD susceptibility. However, maternal obesity and diabetes can overwhelm this coordination system, challenging vaginal delivery while increasing offspring NCD risk. We argue that selection on viable vaginal delivery played an over-arching role in shaping the association of birthweight with NCD risk.
Genetic inhibition of angiopoietin-like protein-3, lipids, and cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Gobeil Émilie , Bourgault Jérôme , Mitchell Patricia L , Houessou Ursula , Gagnon Eloi , Girard Arnaud , Paulin Audrey , Manikpurage Hasanga D , Côté Valérie , Couture Christian , Marceau Simon , Bossé Yohan , Thériault Sébastien , Mathieu Patrick , Vohl Marie-Claude , Tchernof André , Arsenault Benoit J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
RNA-based, antibody-based, and genome editing-based therapies are currently under investigation to determine if the inhibition of angiopoietin-like protein-3 (ANGPTL3) could reduce lipoprotein-lipid levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Mendelian randomisation (MR) was used to determine whether genetic variations influencing ANGPTL3 liver gene expression, blood levels, and protein structure could causally influence triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels as well as coronary artery disease (CAD), ischaemic stroke (IS), and other cardiometabolic diseases.

Methods
RNA sequencing of 246 explanted liver samples and genome-wide genotyping was performed to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with liver expression of ANGPTL3. Genome-wide summary statistics of plasma protein levels of ANGPTL3 from the deCODE study (n = 35 359) were used. A total of 647 carriers of ANGPTL3 protein-truncating variants (PTVs) associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels were identified in the UK Biobank. Two-sample MR using SNPs that influence ANGPTL3 liver expression or ANGPTL3 plasma protein levels as exposure and cardiometabolic diseases as outcomes was performed (CAD, IS, heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, acute pancreatitis, and type 2 diabetes). The impact of rare PTVs influencing plasma triglyceride levels on apoB levels and CAD was also investigated in the UK Biobank.

Results
In two-sample MR studies, common genetic variants influencing ANGPTL3 hepatic or blood expression levels of ANGPTL3 had a very strong effect on plasma triglyceride levels, a more modest effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a weaker effect on apoB levels, and no effect on CAD or other cardiometabolic diseases. In the UK Biobank, the carriers of rare ANGPTL3 PTVs providing lifelong reductions in median plasma triglyceride levels [−0.37 (interquartile range 0.41) mmol/L] had slightly lower apoB levels (−0.06 ± 0.32 g/L) and similar CAD event rates compared with non-carriers (10.2% vs. 10.9% in carriers vs. non-carriers, P = .60).

Conclusions
PTVs influencing ANGPTL3 protein structure as well as common genetic variants influencing ANGPTL3 hepatic expression and/or blood protein levels exhibit a strong effect on circulating plasma triglyceride levels, a weak effect on circulating apoB levels, and no effect on ASCVD. Near-complete inhibition of ANGPTL3 function in patients with very elevated apoB levels may be required to reduce ASCVD risk.
Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair vs. isolated mitral surgery for severe mitral regurgitation: a French nationwide study
Authors: Deharo Pierre , Obadia Jean Francois , Guerin Patrice , Cuisset Thomas , Avierinos Jean Francois , Habib Gilbert , Torras Olivier , Bisson Arnaud , Vigny Pascal , Etienne Christophe Saint , Semaan Carl , Guglieri Mickael , Dumonteil Nicolas , Collart Frederic , Gilard Martine , Modine Thomas , Donal Erwan , Iung Bernard , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Mitral valve surgery and, more recently, mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) are the two treatments of severe mitral regurgitation in eligible patients. Clinical comparison of both therapies remains limited by the number of patients analysed. The objective of this study was to analyse the outcomes of mitral TEER vs. isolated mitral valve surgery at a nationwide level in France.

Methods
Based on the French administrative hospital discharge database, the study collected information for all consecutive patients treated for mitral regurgitation with isolated TEER or isolated mitral valve surgery between 2012 and 2022. Propensity score matching was used for the analysis of outcomes.

Results
A total of 57 030 patients were found in the database. After matching on baseline characteristics, 2160 patients were analysed in each arm. At 3-year follow-up, TEER was associated with significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 0.685, 95% confidence interval 0.563–0.832; P = .0001), pacemaker implantation, and stroke. Non-cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 1.562, 95% confidence interval 1.238–1.971; P = .0002), recurrent pulmonary oedema, and cardiac arrest were more frequent after TEER. No significant differences between the two groups were observed regarding all-cause death (hazard ratio 0.967, 95% confidence interval 0.835–1.118; P = .65), endocarditis, major bleeding, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that TEER for severe mitral regurgitation was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality than mitral surgery at long-term follow-up. Pacemaker implantation and stroke were less frequently observed after TEER.
Influence of repeated plaque visualization on cardiovascular risk reduction after 3 years: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Whitmore Kristyn , Zhou Zhen , Ryan Jacqueline D M , Magnussen Costan G , Carrington Melinda J , Marwick Thomas H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Helping people to understand their cardiovascular (CV) risk can influence the choices they make for risk reduction, including medication adherence and lifestyle modification. This study sought whether repeated visualization of coronary artery calcium (CAC) images was effective in sustaining long-term risk control in primary prevention, independent of a risk reduction programme.

Methods and results
Asymptomatic, statin-naïve participants, 40–70 years, with a family history of premature coronary artery disease and a CAC score from 1–400 were randomized to a nurse-led CV risk reduction programme or standard care with bi-annual reviews. Only the intervention group (220 of 449 participants) visualized their CAC image (with repeat exposure in the first 3 months) and were initiated on statin therapy. The primary outcome was change in Framingham Risk Score (FRS) at 36 months, and the impact of CAC image recall on CV risk was assessed. The reduction in FRS (difference in differences (DID) −3.4% [95% CI: −4.4% to −2.4%], P ≤ 0.001 and low density lipoprotein cholesterol −1.2 mmol/L [95% CI: −1.4 to −1.0], P ≤ 0.001) over 36 months was greater in the intervention than the control group. Within the intervention group, sustained recall of CAC images at 24 months was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (DID −4.3 mmHg [95% CI: −7.7 to −0.9], P = 0.01) and waist circumference (DID −2.0 cm [95% CI: −3.9 to −0.1], P = 0.03) at 36 months compared to unsustained recall.

Conclusion
A nurse-led programme, combining personalized patient visualization of CAC imaging with statin therapy, is beneficial for improving CV risk. Recalling the presentation of CAC images through repeated visual exposure may influence risk reduction.

Registration
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12614001294640

Lay summary
This trial sought to determine whether visualization of coronary artery calcium (CAC) images influences behaviour change and cardiovascular risk reduction within a structured nurse-led programme vs. standard care. Intervention participants visualized their personalized CAC images within the first three months and commenced statin therapy. Control participants were blinded to their CAC images and were not provided statin therapy. Intervention participants had a greater absolute reduction in the Framingham Risk Score (difference in differences −3.4% [95% CI: −4.4% to −2.4%], P ≤ 0.001) compared to controls. Those with sustained recollection of their CAC images within the intervention group also had greater reductions in systolic blood pressure and waist circumference.
Beyond early LDL cholesterol lowering to prevent coronary atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Ibrahim Shirin , Reeskamp Laurens F , de Goeij Jim N , Hovingh G Kees , Planken R Nils , Bax Willem A , Min James K , Earls James P , Knaapen Paul , Wiegman Albert , Stroes Erik S G , Nurmohamed Nick S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients are subjected to a high lifetime exposure to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), despite use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). This study aimed to quantify the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis and to evaluate the association between lifetime cumulative LDL-C exposure and coronary atherosclerosis in young FH patients.

Methods and results
Familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, divided into a subgroup of early treated (LLT initiated &lt;25 years) and late treated (LLT initiated ≥25 years) patients, and an age- and sex-matched unaffected control group, underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA) with artificial intelligence-guided analysis. Ninety genetically diagnosed FH patients and 45 unaffected volunteers (mean age 41 ± 3 years, 51 (38%) female) were included. Familial hypercholesterolaemia patients had higher cumulative LDL-C exposure (181 ± 54 vs. 105 ± 33 mmol/L ∗ years) and higher prevalence of coronary plaque compared with controls (46 [51%] vs. 10 [22%], OR 3.66 [95%CI 1.62–8.27]). Every 75 mmol/L ∗ years cumulative exposure to LDL-C was associated with a doubling in per cent atheroma volume (total plaque volume divided by total vessel volume). Early treated patients had a modestly lower cumulative LDL-C exposure compared with late treated FH patients (167 ± 41 vs. 194 ± 61 mmol/L ∗ years; P = 0.045), without significant difference in coronary atherosclerosis. Familial hypercholesterolaemia patients with above-median cumulative LDL-C exposure had significantly higher plaque prevalence (OR 3.62 [95%CI 1.62–8.27]; P = 0.001), compared with patients with below-median exposure.

Conclusion
Lifetime exposure to LDL-C determines coronary plaque burden in FH, underlining the need of early as well as potent treatment initiation. Periodic CCTA may offer a unique opportunity to monitor coronary atherosclerosis and personalize treatment in FH.