bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Neo-Colonial Influence of Chinese FDI and Western Power on the Evolution of Labor Market Policies in a Developing Country
Authors: Nyiawung Julius , Geary John , Piabuo Mandiefe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the influx of Chinese FDI at the dawn of the 21st century and decades of neo-liberal, market-oriented economic policies in Africa, the pervasive nature of institutional voids (particularly in the labor market) has been constantly flagged as an impediment to socio-economic development in the continent. This has prompted calls for more research into the ability of independent African states to pursue viable labor market policy options, from a business system perspective. While institutional theory (specifically the notion of institutional voids) suggests the use of market-supporting and contract-enforcement structures and processes to enable the efficient functioning of the economy, it does not address the effect of strong external ‘powers’ on weak local institutions in developing countries. This study qualitatively explores how the shifting geopolitical landscape (power) from Western to Chinese sources of FDI shaped the nature and evolution of labor market institutions in Cameroon. The findings show that an entrenched parochial and crony Cameroonian institutional context was at the mercy of transnational forces playing a pivotal role, rather than coherent national socio-economic policy options, in shaping labor market institutions in the country. In an act of political complicity, the dynamics that flowed from Chinese FDI have engendered a regressive turn toward the failed nationalistic labor market policies pursued by Cameroon after independence. This article contributes to revealing the debilitating role of Chinese and Western FDI, and the ensuing dynamics, in the creation and sustenance of labor market institutions in a parochial developing economic context characterized by regulative institutional voids.
Diet and deprivation in pregnancy: a rat model to investigate the effects of the maternal diet on the growth of the dam and its offspring
Authors: Dasgin Halil , Hay Susan M. , Rees William D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe offspring of women in the poorest socio-economic groups in Western societies have an increased risk of developing non-communicable disease in adult life. Deprivation is closely related to the consumption of a diet with an excess of energy (sugar and fat), salt and a shortage of key vitamins. To test the hypothesis that this diet adversely affects the development and long-term health of the offspring, we have formulated two rodent diets, one with a nutrient profile corresponding to the diet of pregnant women in the poorest socio-economic group (DEP) and a second that incorporated current UK recommendations for the diet in pregnancy (REC). Female rats were fed the experimental diets for the duration of gestation and lactation and the offspring compared with those from a reference group fed the AIN-93G diet. The growth trajectory of DEP and REC offspring was reduced compared with the AIN-93G. The REC offspring diet had a transient increase in adipose reserves at weaning, but by 30 weeks of age the body composition of all three groups was similar. The maternal diet had no effect on the homoeostatic model assessment index or the insulin tolerance of the offspring. Changes in hepatic gene expression in the adult REC offspring were consistent with an increased hepatic utilisation of fatty acids and a reduction in de novo lipogenesis. These results show that despite changes in growth and adiposity maternal metabolic adaptation minimises the adverse consequences of the imbalanced maternal diet on the metabolism of the offspring.
More than autophony: a case of Kennedy's disease presenting with autophony as an early clinical manifestation
Authors: Lee Hyung-Soo , Choi June , Kwon Do-Young 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs autophony can be accompanied by several conditions, it is important to find co-morbidities. This paper reports a patient with Kennedy's disease (spinobulbar muscular atrophy, an X-linked, hereditary, lower motor neuron disease) having autophony as the first symptom.Case reportA 62-year-old male presented to the otorhinolaryngology department with autophony that began 2 years previously and worsened after losing weight 3 months prior to presentation. Otoscopic examination demonstrated inward and outward movement of the tympanic membrane, synchronised with respiration. Although he had no other symptoms, facial twitching was found on physical examination. In the neurology department, lower motor neuron disease, with subtle weakness of the tongue, face and upper limbs, and gynaecomastia, were confirmed. He was diagnosed with Kennedy's disease based on genetic analysis.ConclusionAutophonia was presumed to be attributed to bulbofacial muscle weakness due to Kennedy's disease, and worsened by recent weight loss. Patients with autophony require a thorough history-taking and complete physical examination to assess the nasopharynx and the integrity of lower cranial function.
Prevalence of thyroid gland tissue in midline neck dermoid cysts in children and a proposed new ‘thyroglossal entrainment’ hypothesis for their formation
Authors: Barbour Amy , Penman Dawn , Kubba Haytham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThyroglossal duct cysts and dermoid cysts both commonly present as midline neck lumps in children. They are treated as separate entities with different embryological origins. There are isolated reports of thyroid gland tissue in a dermoid cyst, concurrent thyroglossal and dermoid cysts, and cysts with mixed histology. It is not known if these are rare or common.MethodsAll children undergoing excision of a congenital midline neck cyst between January 2017 and December 2022 were identified. Histopathology slides were reviewed in detail.ResultsIn 53 children, there were 26 thyroglossal duct cysts, 24 dermoids, 1 lymph node and 2 with no diagnostic material identified. Five dermoids (28 per cent) had associated thyroid gland tissue, and 1 (4 per cent) had hybrid histology with keratinising and respiratory epithelium. Infection occurred in 17 per cent of dermoids prior to excision and 8 per cent of dermoids recurred after excision.ConclusionHybrid histology, infection and recurrence are all common in midline neck dermoids. A new theory for their embryological origin is proposed, with the suggestion that some may need more extensive surgery.
Existentialism and International Relations: In it up to our necks
Authors: Hom Andrew R. , O’Driscoll Cian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhat, this essay asks, is the relation between contemporary IR scholarship and the existentialist intellectual and cultural tradition? How is our discipline informed and animated by existentialist thinking? Is existentialism a heritage to be recovered, claimed, and embraced by IR scholars, or a shadow to be escaped? And what resources does it furnish us for thinking through the kind of issues that IR scholars are called upon to grapple with today? These questions are not purely theoretical. There are practical and political reasons, not only for considering them, but for considering them now. Living through what has been termed an unfolding ‘Age of Anxiety’, we find ourselves confronted by existential questions and existentialist ideas at almost every turn. It is, however, unclear how substantive or meaningful this apparently existentialist moment truly is. Does existentialism have something to say to contemporary IR, or does it flatter to deceive? We think the time is ripe to take stock of existentialism as it relates to IR and global politics. This is the purpose of this article and of the collection of essays it introduces.
Optimization of a wideband antipodal Vivaldi antenna with metalenses
Authors: Loconsole Antonella Maria , Portosi Vincenza , Francione Vito Vincenzo , Anelli Francesco , Annunziato Andrea , Falconi Mario Christian , Prudenzano Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA wideband antipodal Vivaldi antenna has been designed and optimized. A slight improvement is obtained by employing multiple metalense based on circular split-ring resonators to maximize the antenna gain with the maximum bandwidth. The designed antennas have been fabricated and characterized, showing good agreement with simulations. The maximum measured gain is $G = 12\;{\textrm{dB}}$, and the −10 dB bandwidth is from $f = 3\;{\textrm{GHz}}$ to $f = 13\;{\textrm{GHz}}$.
Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Oreja Fernando H. , Mirsky Steven B. , Reberg-Horton Chris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReplacement series are used by researchers to understand how competition-related variables influence dynamics from the individual to the population and community levels, but this approach has been criticized because of inherent biases associated with plant size differences and density-dependent responses. The use of functional densities instead of demographic densities was proposed to minimize those biases. This work explored three models to determine reference densities for replacement series experiments based on (1) maximum biomass, (2) biomass at onset of diminishing returns (i.e., inflection point), and (3) nitrogen (N)-uptake equivalency. Replacement series experiments were conducted using redroot pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.):maize (Zea mays L.) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.):maize proportions of 1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.25:0.75, and 0:1. The monoculture density for each species was established according to the three models. Density selection criteria resulted in major differences in competitive interactions between species. The use of functional densities at which the biomass accumulation inflection point for the smaller species allowed both species to exhibit either increases or decreases in biomass production depending on competitive interactions for all interspecific mixtures. Conversely, the maximum biomass model favored the larger species, almost completely inhibiting the growth of the smaller species, which resulted in a poor characterization of competitive responses of the smaller species. The N uptake equivalency model resulted in interactions closer to the predicted neutral competition. The model based on the biomass accumulation inflection point was the most sensitive and informative across all interspecific mixtures for both species. We propose that to reduce bias associated with species size differences when determining reference densities for replacement series experiments, at least two criteria must be met: (1) the experiment sensitivity allows measuring and quantifying the competitive responses for both species in all mixtures, and (2) the balance between density and carrying capacity of the system minimizes intraspecific competition.
Tropical Volcanic Eruptions and Low Frequency Indo‐Pacific Variability Drive Extreme Indian Ocean Dipole Events
Authors: Tiger Benjamin H. , Ummenhofer Caroline C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVolcanic eruptions can have significant climate impacts and serve as useful natural experiments for better understanding the effects of abrupt, externally forced climate change. Here, we investigate the Indian Ocean Dipole's (IOD) response to the largest tropical volcanic eruptions of the last millennium. Post‐eruption composites show a strong negative IOD developing in the eruption year, and a positive IOD the following year. The IOD and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) show a long‐term damped oscillatory response that can take up to 8 years to return to pre‐eruptive baselines. Moreover, the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) phase at the time of eruption controls the IOD response to intense eruptions, with negative (positive) IPO phasing favoring more negative (positive) IOD values via modulation of the background state of the eastern Indian Ocean thermocline depth. These results have important implications for climate risk in low‐likelihood, high‐impact scenarios, particularly in vulnerable communities unprepared for IOD and ENSO extremes.
Trapped and Leaking Energetic Particles in Injection Flux Tubes of Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: Yin Ze‐Fan , Sun Yi‐Xin , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Pan Dong‐Xiao , Yao Zhong‐Hua , Yue Chao , Hu Ze‐Jun , Roussos Elias , Blanc Michel , Lai Hai‐Rong , Zong Qiu‐Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Saturn's magnetosphere, the radially‐inward transport of magnetic fluxes is usually carried by localized flux tubes with sharply‐enhanced equatorial magnetic fields. The flux tubes also bring energetic particles inward, which are expected to drift azimuthally and produce energy‐dispersive signatures. Spacecraft observations, however, indicate the occurrence of energy‐dispersionless signatures for perpendicular‐moving particles. These unexpected features are attributed to the sharp magnetic gradient at the edge of the flux tubes, which significantly modifies the drift trajectories of perpendicular‐moving particles to enable their trapping motion within the flux tubes. The bouncing particles are less affected by the gradient, and therefore, still display energy‐dispersive signatures. It is the distinct particle behavior, together with different spacecraft traversal paths, that underlies the observational diversity. The results improve our understanding of particle dynamics in the magnetospheres of giant planets and indicate that pitch‐angle information should be considered in the extraction of flux‐tube properties from energetic particle observations.
Developing the Technology-Based Parenting Young Children Check-up Intervention for Disruptive Behavior Problems Identified in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: McGoron Lucy , Towner Elizabeth K. , Martel Michelle M. , Trentacosta Christopher J. , Purkayestha Sharmi , Friedrich Florentine S. , Traylor Parris , Ondersma Steven J. 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Behavioral parent training programs show clear efficacy and effectiveness in response to young children’s disruptive behavior problems, but limitations in engagement and accessibility prevent many families from benefiting from these programs. The Parenting Young Children Check-up (PYCC) is a technology-based program designed to overcome these barriers and increase the reach of behavioral parent training. Developed for use in pediatric primary care, the PYCC includes three components: (a) an initial check-up designed to motivate program involvement; (b) text messages to connect parents with program content and reinforce content; and (c) a parent training website involving video-based content to teach parenting skills. This report details initial steps to refine PYCC intervention components. Method: Seventeen mothers and 17 primary care physicians participated in this mixed methods data collection across three iterations by providing feedback on early drafts of the three components of the PYCC and completing a feedback questionnaire. Results: Feedback from one iteration informed modifications that were then evaluated in subsequent iterations. Saturation of qualitative input, positive qualitative feedback, and positive quantitative ratings on the feedback questionnaire was achieved in iteration three. Conclusions: Outcomes of this investigation informed the full version of the PYCC that will subsequently be tested in a proof-of-concept trial. Implications for Impact Statement Several barriers limit the reach of parenting skills programs that reduce child problem behavior. We gathered feedback from parents and physicians to refine a parenting program that uses technology and delivery in pediatrics to overcome barriers. Future testing of the program will further inform implementation in pediatric settings.
The USP46 complex deubiquitylates LRP6 to promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Ng Victoria H. , Spencer Zachary , Neitzel Leif R. , Nayak Anmada , Loberg Matthew A. , Shen Chen , Kassel Sara N. , Kroh Heather K. , An Zhenyi , Anthony Christin C. , Bryant Jamal M. , Lawson Amanda , Goldsmith Lily , Benchabane Hassina , Hansen Amanda G. , Li Jingjing , D’Souza Starina , Lebensohn Andres M. , Rohatgi Rajat , Weiss William A. , Weiss Vivian L. , Williams Charles , Hong Charles C. , Robbins David J. , Ahmed Yashi , Lee Ethan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relative abundance of Wnt receptors plays a crucial role in controlling Wnt signaling in tissue homeostasis and human disease. While the ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitylate Wnt receptors are well-characterized, the deubiquitylase that reverses these reactions remains unclear. Herein, we identify USP46, UAF1, and WDR20 (USP46 complex) as positive regulators of Wnt signaling in cultured human cells. We find that the USP46 complex is similarly required for Wnt signaling in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. We demonstrate that Wnt signaling promotes the association between the USP46 complex and cell surface Wnt coreceptor, LRP6. Knockdown of USP46 decreases steady-state levels of LRP6 and increases the level of ubiquitylated LRP6. In contrast, overexpression of the USP46 complex blocks ubiquitylation of LRP6 by the ubiquitin ligases RNF43 and ZNFR3. Size exclusion chromatography studies suggest that the size of the USP46 cytoplasmic complex increases upon Wnt stimulation. Finally, we show that USP46 is essential for Wnt-dependent intestinal organoid viability, likely via its role in LRP6 receptor homeostasis. We propose a model in which the USP46 complex increases the steady-state level of cell surface LRP6 and facilitates the assembly of LRP6 into signalosomes via a pruning mechanism that removes sterically hindering ubiquitin chains.
Cascade electrocatalysis via AgCu single-atom alloy and Ag nanoparticles in CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products
Authors: Du Cheng , Mills Joel P. , Yohannes Asfaw G. , Wei Wei , Wang Lei , Lu Siyan , Lian Jian-Xiang , Wang Maoyu , Guo Tao , Wang Xiyang , Zhou Hua , Sun Cheng-Jun , Wen John Z. , Kendall Brian , Couillard Martin , Guo Hongsheng , Tan ZhongChao , Siahrostami Samira , Wu Yimin A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added multicarbon products offers a means to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle using renewable electricity. However, the unsatisfactory catalytic selectivity for multicarbon products severely hinders the practical application of this technology. In this paper, we report a cascade AgCu single-atom and nanoparticle electrocatalyst, in which Ag nanoparticles produce CO and AgCu single-atom alloys promote C-C coupling kinetics. As a result, a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 94 ± 4% toward multicarbon products is achieved with the as-prepared AgCu single-atom and nanoparticle catalyst under ~720 mA cm−2 working current density at −0.65 V in a flow cell with alkaline electrolyte. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the high multicarbon product selectivity results from cooperation between AgCu single-atom alloys and Ag nanoparticles, wherein the Ag single-atom doping of Cu nanoparticles increases the adsorption energy of *CO on Cu sites due to the asymmetric bonding of the Cu atom to the adjacent Ag atom with a compressive strain.
Acetylation-dependent coupling between G6PD activity and apoptotic signaling
Authors: Wu Fang , Muskat Natali H. , Dvilansky Inbar , Koren Omri , Shahar Anat , Gazit Roi , Elia Natalie , Arbely Eyal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLysine acetylation has been discovered in thousands of non-histone human proteins, including most metabolic enzymes. Deciphering the functions of acetylation is key to understanding how metabolic cues mediate metabolic enzyme regulation and cellular signaling. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is acetylated on multiple lysine residues. Using site-specifically acetylated G6PD, we show that acetylation can activate (AcK89) and inhibit (AcK403) G6PD. Acetylation-dependent inactivation is explained by structural studies showing distortion of the dimeric structure and active site of G6PD. We provide evidence for acetylation-dependent K95/97 ubiquitylation of G6PD and Y503 phosphorylation, as well as interaction with p53 and induction of early apoptotic events. Notably, we found that the acetylation of a single lysine residue coordinates diverse acetylation-dependent processes. Our data provide an example of the complex roles of acetylation as a posttranslational modification that orchestrates the regulation of enzymatic activity, posttranslational modifications, and apoptotic signaling.
A natural mutation in the promoter of Ms-cd1 causes dominant male sterility in Brassica oleracea
Authors: Han Fengqing , Yuan Kaiwen , Sun Wenru , Zhang Xiaoli , Liu Xing , Zhao Xinyu , Yang Limei , Wang Yong , Ji Jialei , Liu Yumei , Li Zhansheng , Zhang Jinzhe , Zhang Chunzhi , Huang Sanwen , Zhang Yangyong , Fang Zhiyuan , Lv Honghao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMale sterility has been used for crop hybrid breeding for a long time. It has contributed greatly to crop yield increase. However, the genetic basis of male sterility has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report map-based cloning of the cabbage (Brassica oleracea) dominant male-sterile gene Ms-cd1 and reveal that it encodes a PHD-finger motif transcription factor. A natural allele Ms-cd1PΔ−597, resulting from a 1-bp deletion in the promoter, confers dominant genic male sterility (DGMS), whereas loss-of-function ms-cd1 mutant shows recessive male sterility. We also show that the ethylene response factor BoERF1L represses the expression of Ms-cd1 by directly binding to its promoter; however, the 1-bp deletion in Ms-cd1PΔ−597 affects the binding. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Ms-cd1PΔ−597 confers DGMS in both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species. We thus propose that the DGMS system could be useful for breeding hybrids of multiple crop species.
Increasing dopamine synthesis in nigrostriatal circuits increases phasic dopamine release and alters dorsal striatal connectivity: implications for schizophrenia
Authors: Srivastav Sunil , Cui Xiaoying , Varela Roger Bitencourt , Kesby James P. , Eyles Darryl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the most robust neurochemical abnormalities reported in patients with schizophrenia is an increase in dopamine (DA) synthesis and release, restricted to the dorsal striatum (DS). This hyper functionality is strongly associated with psychotic symptoms and progresses in those who later transition to schizophrenia. To understand the implications of this progressive neurobiology on brain function, we have developed a model in rats which we refer to as EDiPs (Enhanced Dopamine in Prodromal schizophrenia). The EDiPs model features a virally mediated increase in dorsal striatal (DS) DA synthesis capacity across puberty and into adulthood. This protocol leads to progressive changes in behaviour and neurochemistry. Our aim in this study was to explore if increased DA synthesis capacity alters the physiology of DA release and DS connectivity. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to assess DA release we show that evoked/phasic DA release is increased in the DS of EDiPs rats, whereas tonic/background levels of DA remain unaffected. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry methods to quantify DS synaptic architecture we show a presynaptic marker for DA release sites (Bassoon) was elevated within TH axons specifically within the DS, consistent with the increased phasic DA release in this region. Alongside changes in DA systems, we also show increased density of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) synapses in the EDiPs DS suggesting changes in cortical connectivity. Our data may prove relevant in understanding the long-term implications for DS function in response to the robust and prolonged increases in DA synthesis uptake and release reported in schizophrenia.